Dharm aur Darshan

Author(s): Devendramuni
Publisher: Sanmati Gyan Pith Agra
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/003191/1

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dharma aura darzana devendra muni, zAstrI sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA-2

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sanmati sAhitya ratnamAlA kA 100 vAM ratna dharma aura darzana lekhaka parama zraddheya paMDita pravara zrI puSkaramuni jI mahArAja ke suziSya devendramuni, zAstrI, sAhityaratna zrI sanmati jJAna pITha, AgarA

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pustaka prakAzana meM zrartha sahayoga 1 - DAlacanda vaccharAja eNDa kampanI, pAlaghara (mahArASTra ) 2 - ghIsulAla jI khemarAja jI caMgeriyA parela bhuMIvAr3I, myunisipAlacAla naM0 4 / 601 bambaI 12 3 - zAha rikhabacanda jugarAja Thi0 rIDa roDa, 5 kuA ahamadAbAda naM0 2 4 - cAMdamala harakhacanda koThArI, krosalAina, ahamadAbAda naM0 2 pustaka : dharma zraura darzana lekhaka : devendra muni, zAstrI viSaya : nibandha saMgraha 0 O pustaka pRSTha : 248 prathama prakAzana : agasta 1967 O prakAzaka : sanmati jJAna pITha lohAmaMDI, AgarA 2 ATha mUlya : O mudraka : zrI viSNu priMTiMga presa, rAjA kI maMDI AgarA - 2 0 rupae o 0

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samarpaNa nissIma zraddhA aura bhakti ke sAtha parama zraddhaya pUjya gurudeva zrI puSkara muni jI mahArAja

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prAthamikI bhAratIya cintana kA nicor3a hai AtmA aura usake svarUpa kA pratipAdana / AtmA aura paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko jisa vyagratA tathA samagratA sAtha bhAratIya dharma evaM darzanoM ne samajhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, utanA prayAsa na yUnAna ke cintakoM ne kiyA hai aura na yUropa ke vicArakoM ne hI / bhAratIya dharma aura darzana meM jar3a prakRti kA varNana va vivecana bhI hai. kintu vaha saMvecana mukhyataH caitanya ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie haiM; usakI mImAMsA karane * lie hai / jaba ki pAzcAtya darzanoM meM AtmA kA jo varNana kiyA gayA hai vaha gukhyataH jar3a prakRti ko samajhane ke lie hai / jar3a prakRti kI samIkSA karane ke lie hI unhoMne AtmA kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / yaha pratyakSa sacAI hai ki bhArazauya darzana AtmA kI khoja kA darzana hai, aura pAzcAtya darzana jar3a prakRti kI khoja kA / bhAratIya-darzana adhyAtma pradhAna hai aura pAzcAtya darzana bhautikatA pradhAna / bhAratIya cintana ko antima pariNati mokSa hai / mokSa sAdhya hai, dharma aura varzana usakI sAdhanA hai / pAzcAtya darzana kI taraha bhAratIya darzana ne dharma aura darzana ko eka-dUsare kA virodhI nahIM mAnA, kintu eka dUsare kA sahacara aura sahagAmI mAnA hai| darzana satya kI mImAMsA tarka ke dvArA karatA hai to dharma zraddhA ke dvArA / darzana vicAra ko pradhAnatA detA hai to dharma AcAra ko / darzana kA artha hai 'satya kA sAkSAtkAra karanA aura dharma kA artha hai usa satya ko jIvana meM utaarnaa| darzana hameM rAha dikhAtA hai to dharma hameM usa rAha para calane ko prerita karatA hai| adhika spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA jAya to dharma, darzana kI prayogazAlA hai| dharma aura darzana ke mUlabhUta tattvoM ke sambandha meM prastuta pustaka meM kucha likhA gayA hai| sUrya ke prakAza kI taraha satya hai ki pustaka la vane ko kalAnA prArambha meM mere mana meM nahIM thI aura ye nibandha isa hASTa se likhe bhI nahIM gaye the, samaya-samaya para jo maiMne nibandha likhe una nibandhoM me se dhama aura darzana

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: ( 6 ) sambandhI kucha nibandha isa saMgraha meM jA rahe haiM / dharma aura darzana kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta pustaka se pAThakoM ko ho sakegA - yaha maiM mAnatA hU~ / ina nibandhoM ko likhane kI mUla preraNA parama zraddheya pUjya gurudeva zrIpuSkara muni jI mahArAja kI rahI hai / unakI apArakRpA, mArga-darzana aura protsAhana ke kAraNa hI maiM kucha likha sakA hU~ / mere zabda koSa meM unake prati AbhAra pradarzita karane ke lie upayukta zabda nahIM hai / parama zraddhaya kaviratna upAdhyAya zrI amaracandra jI mahArAja kA asIma anugraha bhI maiM vismRta nahIM kara sakatA jo mujhe sadA adhyayana evaM lekhana kI utsAha bharI preraNAeM dete rahe haiM / sAtha hI unhIM ke pradhAna ziSya kalamakalAdhara zrI vijaya muni jI, zAstrI, sAhityaratna ne mananIya prastAvanA likhakara mujhe anugRhIta kiyA / jaina jagata ke yazasvI lekhaka aura tejasvI sampAdaka paNDita zrI zobhAcandra jI bhArilla kA hArdika sneha bhI bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA jinhoMne nibandhoM ko par3hakara mujhe utsAha baddhaka preraNA hI nahIM dI, kintu merA svAsthya ThIka na hone se eka do nibandhoM kA sampAdana bhI kiyA / siddhAnta prabhAkara zrI hIrAmuni jI, sAhityaratna zAstrI gaNeza muni jI, jinendramuni, ramezamuni, rAjendra muni aura punIta muni prabhRti muni-maNDala kA premapUrNa sevA vyavahAra bhI lekhana meM sahAyaka rahA hai / una sabhI ke prati meM hRdaya se AbhArI hU~, jinakA mujhe lekhana aura prakAzana meM sahayoga milA hai / tathA bhaviSya meM bhI adhikAdhika milatA rahe isI AzA aura vizvAsa ke sAtha 'viramAmi / haraSacandra koThArI haoNla, " rAja ha~sa" bAlakezvara bambaI 6 na 98819 - devendramuni

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dharma aura darzana : eka mUlyAMkana 'dharma aura darzana' para kyA likhU ? likhane ko bahuta kucha hai, aura likhane ko kucha bhI nahIM hai| likhane ke prazna ko TAlane kA prayatla kiyaa| parantu prema ke Agraha ko TAlA bhI to kaise jAe ? mere sAmane prazna kA prazna yahI thA, aura ulajhana kI ulajhana bhI to yahI thI na ? jIvana ke prAMgaNa meM, kisI bhI ulajhana kA AnA, maiM use abhizApa ke rUpa meM nahIM ----eka sundara varadAna ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra karatA huuN| jIvana ulajhanadAra hai-Aja se hI nahIM, eka sImA-hIna yuga se / ulajhakara phira ulajhane ko to nizcaya hI maiM jIvana nahIM khtaa| mere vivAra meM ulajhanA burA nahIM, para ulajhakara sulajhane kA prayatna hI na karanA-nizcaya hI burA hai / dharma aura darzana kA janma isI ulajhana ke sulajhAva se huA hai| mere apane vicAra meM manuSya, isIlie manuSya hai, ki vaha ulajha kara bhI sulajhane kI zakti rakhatA hai| prazna thA, aura prazna hai, aura prazna bhaviSya meM bhI rahegA --dharma kyA hai ? darzana kyA hai ? una donoM kA paraspara meM sambandha kyA hai ? What is Philosophy of religion, and what is raligion of Philosophy ? I atat prazna eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiM / dharma ko darzana kI aura darzana ko dharma kI sadA se hI AvazyakatA rahI hai-donoM sApekSa haiM, nirapekSa nahIM / mAnava jIvana kI saritA ina donoM taToM ke madhya meM se hI pravAhita hotI hai| usake pravAha ke lie donoM taTa Avazyaka haiN| eka bAra grIka dArzanika sukarAta se pUchA gayA thA-What is reace and where it is ? zAnti kyA hai aura vaha hai kahA~ ? kucha gambhIra hokara aura phira kucha mandamuskAna ke sAtha meM sukarAta ne kahA thA--mere lie zAnti, merA dharma hai, aura mere lie zAnti, merA darzana hai / aura ve kahIM bAhara nahIM, svayaM mere andara hI haiM / sukarAta dharma ko vicAra se bhinna nahIM mAnatA / aura jo kucha vicAra hai, vahI AcAra bhI /

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maiM dekhatA hU~, ki sukarAta ke bAda meM, grIka dArzanikoM meM aura yUropIya dArzanikoM meM, dharma aura darzana ko lekara paryApta mata-bheda khar3e ho gae haiN| kintu sukarAta ne vicAra ko hI dharma evaM AcAra kaha kara jainaparamparA kA hI anugamana kiyA thaa| hamAre yahA~ pA~ca AcAroM meM eka jJAnAcAra bhI hai, jisakA artha hai-jJAna hI svayaM AcAra banatA hai / jo kucha vicAra hai, vahI AcAra hai, aura jo kucha prAcAra hai, vahI to vicAra hai / zramaNoM kI paramparA meM, vicAra aura AcAra-donoM ko sahagAmI mAnA hai| isa artha meM, vicAra hI darzana hai, aura AcAra hI dharma hai-donoM sambaddha evaM pUraka hai| bhale hI Aja hama pAzcAtyoM kA andha anukaraNa karake dharma ke lie religion aura darzana ke lie Philosophy zabda kA prayoga ora upayoga kareM, parantu jo gambhIratA aura vyApakatA dharma aura darzana meM hai, vaha religion aura Philosophy meM nahIM hai / kyoMki ye donoM ekAMgI haiM, donoM eka-dUsare se nirapekSa haiM, sApekSa nhiiN| ___ bhArata ke dArzanikoM ne kabhI dharma aura darzana ko alaga svIkAra hI nahIM kiyA / yahA~ to jo dharma hai, vahI darzana hai, aura jo kucha darzana hai, vahI dharma bhI hai / itanA antara to avazya hai, ki darzana meM tarka kI pradhAnatA hai, to dharma meM zraddhA kI mukhyatA hai / parantu tarka dharma meM bAdhaka nahIM, to zraddhA bhI darzana meM bAdhaka nhiiN| maiM dekhatA hU~, ki vedAnta meM jo pUrva mImAMsA hai, vahI dharma hai| jo uttara mImAMsA hai, vahI darzana hai| yoga AcAra hai, to sAMkhya vicAra hai / bauddha paramparA meM, do pakSa haiM-eka hInayAna aura dUsarA mahAyAna / mahAyAna darzana bana gayA,to hInayAna dharma bana gayA / jaina paramparA meM bhI mukhyarUpa se do hI tattva haiM-ahiMsA aura anekAnta, ahiMsA dharma bana gayA aura anekAnta darzana bana gyaa| bhArata meM dharma aura darzana eka-dUsare ko chor3akara nahIM raha sakate haiN| mAnava jIvana kI sAdhanA kI dharatI para darzana ko dharma honA hI par3egA aura dharma ko bhI darzana bananA hI par3egA / yahA~ vicAra ko AcAra honA hotA hai, aura prAcAra ko bhI vicAra honA hotA hai| isake viparIta yUropa aura grIsa meM, dharma aura darzana, donoM eka-dUsare se alaga hokara jIvita rahane kA prayatna karate rahe haiN| aura isa prayatna meM, ve donoM eka dUsare se alaga hI nahIM hue, balki eka-dUsare ke virodha meM bhI khar3e

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ho gae / AvazyakatA hai, Aja phira ina donoM ke sahayoga aura samanvaya kii| tabhI dharma aura darzana mAnavI jIvana ko sundara banA skeNge| bhAratIya vicAraka darzana aura dharma ke sambandha meM kyA socate rahe haiM ? isa sambandha meM lekhaka ne apanI pustaka meM bahuta uddharaNa die haiM, jisase viSaya spaSTa ho jAtA hai / parantu thor3A parizrama karake pAzcAtya vicArakoM kA bhI mata yadi de diyA hotA, to sone meM sugandha ho jaatii| zAyada idhara lekhaka kA dhyAna gayA hI nhiiN| pAzcAtya loga dharma meM tIna tattvoM ko svIkAra karake calate haiMKnowing, Feeling and Doing or Willing, buddhi, bhAvanA aura kriyA -tInoM ke samaveta rUpa ko hI dharma kahA gayA hai| buddhi kA artha hai-jJAna. bhAvanA kA artha hai-zraddhA aura kriyA kA artha hai-AcAra / jaina paramparA ke anusAra bhI zraddhAna, jJAna aura AcaraNa-tInoM dharma hI haiM aura ye tInoM hI mokSa ke sAdhana bhI haiN| hIgala ne dharma kI jo paribhASA kI hai, usameM ekamAtra jJAnAtmaka pahala para jora diyA gayA hai| zeSa do aMzoM kI usameM upekSA kI gaI hai| maiksamUlara ne bhI hIgala kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai / kAnTa ne dharma kI jo paribhASA dI hai, usa meM usane jJAnAtmaka ke sAtha meM kriyAtmaka pahalU para bhI dhyAna diyA hai, parantu bhAvanAtmaka pahalU kI upekSA kara dI hai| lekina mArTinyU ne dharma kI jo paribhASA ko hai, usameM vizvAsa, vicAra aura AcAra-tInoM kA samAveza kara liyA gayA hai / ataH dharma kI yaha apane Apa meM pUrNa paribhASA hai / eka prakAra se isameM dharma aura darzana ke sAtha meM bhakti ko bhI sameTa liyA gayA hai| isakA artha yaha hai, ki dharma ke kSetra meM bhakti, jJAna aura karma-tInoM kA samanvaya hai| __Aja ke navayuga ke cintana meM se eka nayA prazna khar3A ho rahA hai, ki dharma aura vijJAna kA kyA sambandha hai ? dharma Religion aura vijJAna Science meM kyA kucha bheda hai, aura yadi hai, to vaha kyA hai ? isa viSaya para vistAra ke sAtha meM vicAra karane kA na samaya hai aura na prasaMga hii| phira bhI donoM kA svarUpa jJAna to Avazyaka hI hai / vijJAna kA uddezya kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta ke dvArA vastuoM ke bIca sthiratA kAyama karanA hai / parantu vijJAna se jaba pUchA jAtA hai ki kArya-kAraNa kI zrRkhalA-eka vyavasthA kA nirmANa kisa prakAra

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( 10 ) karatI hai, to vijJAna mauna ho jAtA hai / vijJAna kA sambandha jIvana se kama hai - prakRti se adhika / dharma kA sambandha Antarika jIvana se hI hai / dharma aura vijJAna meM mUla bheda yaha hai, ki dharma kA pradhAna uddezya mukti kI sAdhanA hai, jabaki vijJAna kA pradhAna uddezya kevala prakRti kA anusandhAna hai / vijJAna meM satya Truth to hai, para ziva Good ness aura sundara Beauty nahIM hai, jaba ki dharma meM tInoM haiM - satya bhI, ziva bhI aura sundara bhI / 1 dharma aura darzana meM kyA bheda hai ? isa sambandha meM, maiM prArambha meM hI likha kyA aura kaisA socate haiM ? cukA hU~ / parantu pAzcAtya vidvAn isa viSaya meM I pAzcAtya vicArakoM ko yaha mAnyatA hai, ki dharma aura darzana donoM kA viSaya sampUrNa vizva hai / darzana manuSya kI anubhUtiyoM kI yuktipUrNa vyAkhyA karake sampUrNa vizva ke AdhArabhUta siddhAntoM kI khoja karatA hai / dharma bhI zrAdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke dvArA sampUrNa vizva kI vyAkhyA karane kA prayAsa karatA hai / dharma aura darzana meM dUsarI samatA yaha hai, ki donoM mAnavIya jJAna kI yogyatA meM vizvAsa karate haiM / dharma aura darzana - donoM mAnavIya jJAna kI yathArthatA meM pUrNa vizvAsa karake calate haiM / dharma aura darzana meM mUla sAmya yaha hai, ki donoM caramatattva meM ( AtmA meM ) vizvAsa karate haiM / darzana yadi bauddhika bhUkha ko zAnta karatA hai, to dharmaM AdhyAtmika bhUkha ko zAnta karatA hai | darzana siddhAnta kI ora jAtA hai, to dharma vyavahAra kI ora jAtA hai| dharma kA AdhAra zraddhA hai, to darzana kA AdhAra tarka hai / Aja ke yuga meM eka prazna aura pUchA jAtA hai - dharma aura darzana kA janma ia se huA ? isa prazna ke sambandha meM yahA~ para saMkSepa meM, itanA hI likhanA paryApta hogA, ki manuSya ke mana aura mastiSka ke sAtha hI dharma aura darzana kA janma hotA hai / kabhI ho, itanA satya hai, ki donoM eka-dUsare ko chor3a kara kabhI nahIM raha sakate ? dharma ke abhAva meM darzana adhUrA hai, aura darzana zUnya dharma bhI adhUrA hI rahegA / mAnava jIvana ko sundara aura madhura banAne ke lie donoM kI samAna bhAva se AvazyakatA hai / prastuta pustaka " dharma aura darzana" meM mAnava jIvana kI mukhya- zukhya samasyAoM para vistAra ke sAtha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| bhASA sundara hai, bhAva gambhIra hai aura zailI AkarSaka hai / pratyeka viSaya ko prAcIna granthoM ke uddharaNoM se paripuSTa kiyA gayA hai / vicArazIla pAThakoM ke lie yaha grantha bahuta hI upa

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yogI aura prayogI siddha hogaa| dharma aura darzana jaise gambhIra viSaya ko itanI sundara bhASA meM aura itanI sarala evaM sarasa zailI meM abhI taka nahIM rakhA gayA thaa| Abhyantara sundaratA ke sAtha meM pustaka kI bAhya sundaratA bhI prazaMsanIya hai| maNi-kAJcana kA yaha saMyoga, adhyetAoM ke lie atyanta upAdeya siddha hogaa| dharma aura darzana ke lekhaka haiM--paNDita ratna, prakhara pravaktA, zraddhaya puSkara munijI mahArAja ke antevAsI ziSya-zrI devendra munijI zAstrI, sAhityaratna / guru se prApta jJAna ziSya meM kitanA ujjvalatara ho gayA hai ? yaha pustaka likha kara munijI ne jahA~ gurU se prApta jJAna ko saphala kiyA hai, vahAM apane athaka parizrama se use samAja kI cetanA ke samakSa bahuta hI vyavasthA aura sajAvaTa ke sAtha rakhane meM pUrNataH saphala hue haiN| unakI lekhanI ke camatkAra se sabhI paricita haiM / mujhe AzA se bhI bar3hakara vizvAsa hai, ki bhaviSya meM ve isase bhI adhika zAnadAra kRti bhAratI ke bhaNDAra meM samarpita karane meM saphala rheNge| kAMdAvAr3I jaina sthAnaka bambaI 12-8-37 -vijayamuni

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prakAza kI ya * dharma aura darzana kA mahatvapUrNa prakAzana prastuta karate hue hameM atyanta prasannatA hai / isa pustaka meM zrI devendra muni jI ne dharma aura darzana ke sambandha meM bahupracalita bhrAntiyA~, aura ajJAnamUlaka dhAraNAoM ke pariSkAra ke sAtha hI dharma aura darzana kI maulika sthApanAoM kA, usakI vividha prakriyAoM kA sadasaMrbha jo zAstrIya vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA hai, vaha naI pIr3hI ke naye vicArazIla yuvakoM ke lie paThanIya evaM mananIya hai / zrI devendra muni jI, zAstrI sthAnakavAsI samAja ke udIyamAna sAhityakAra hai / satata adhyayana aura navalekhana unakI ruci Hoby hai / sanmati jJAna pITha apanI vizuddha sAMskRtika paramparA ke anurUpa maulika aura mahatvapUrNa prakAzanoM ko prastuta karatI rahI hai| isase pUrva muni zrI kI eka khojapUrNa kRti " RSabhadevaH eka parizIlana" bhI prakAzita ho cukI hai / AzA hai usa pustaka kI taraha prastuta pustaka kA bhI sarvatra utsAha ke sAtha svAgata kiyA jAyegA / paryuSaNa ke avasara para pustaka sampanna karane kA hamArA saMkalpa thA / samaya atyanta kama thA, kintu phira bhI kArya yathAsamaya sampanna ho sakA, isakI hameM atyanta prasannatA hai / pustaka ke prUpha saMzodhana meM jJAnapITha ke kAryakarttA zrI zrIcandajI surAnA 'sarasa' tathA mudraNa meM zrI viSNu presa ke mAlika zrI rAmanArAyaNa jI mer3atavAla kA sahayoga sadA smaraNIya rahegA / mantrI sammati jJAna pITha, AgarA 2

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dharma aura darzana, O adhyAtmavAda : eka adhyayana 0 karmavAda : paryavekSaNa 0 syAdvAda : 0 dharma kA mUla : samyag darzana O sAdhanA kA mUlAdhAra O zramaNa saMskRti meM tapa o anukrama ahiMsA aura sarvodaya 0 sebA : eka vizleSaNa o dharma kA pravezadvAra : dAna O mahAvIra ke siddhAnta 3 17 38 104 12e 136 145 166 176 197 220

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''' distr" a ,darzana,

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dharma aura darzana mAnavamastiSka jijJAsAoM kA mahAsAgara hai / usameM vividha prakAra ke cintana kI UrmiyA~ uThatI hI rahatI haiM / antarjagat aura bahirjagat ke viSaya meM aneka vidha prazna udbhUta hote rahate haiM / "maiM kyA haiM ? kauna hU~ ? kahA~ se AyA hU~ ? merA punarjanma hogA yA nahIM ? hogA to kahA~, kisa rUpa meM hogA ?" ye katipaya prazna una praznoM meM se haiM, jo apane antarjagat ke viSaya meM utpanna hote haiM aura kabhI-kabhI manuSya ko behada parezAna kara dete haiM / eka isa prakAra bahirjagat ke sambandha meM bhI saikar3oM jijJAsAe~ utpanna hotI rahatI haiM / hamAre cAroM ora phailA huA yaha vizAla vizva, jisakA kahIM prora chora najara nahIM prAtA, kyA hai ? yaha prANisRSTi aura jar3a sRSTi kyA hai ? vizva kI Adi hai yA nahIM ? hai to kaba isakI racanA huI ? vizva kA anta hogA yA yaha zAzvata hai ? anta hogA to kaba hogA ? 1. puratthimAo vA disAo Agao ahamaMsi, dAhiNAo vA paccatthimAo vA''''uttarAo vA''''uDDhAo vA "ahodisAo vA Agao ahamaMsi ? evamegesi No NAyaM bhavai - atthi me AyA uvavAie, Natthi me AyA uvavAie ? ke ahamaMsi ? ke vA io cuo iha peccA bhavissAmi ? (kha) ko'haM kIhak kuta AyAtaH - zrAcArAMga 1-1 -carpaTa paMjarikA, prAcArya zaMkara

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dharma aura darzana ina praznoM ke samAdhAna ke do upAya haiM-niSThA aura tarka / niSThA se dharma kA janma hotA hai aura tarka se darzana kaa| kintu dharma aura darzana, donoM viSaya atyanta gambhIra haiM aura unameM vyApaka bhAva nihita hai / ataeva ucita hogA ki unake sambandha meM yahAM saMkSepa meM vicAra kara liyA jaae| dharma kyA hai ? ___'dharma' eka bahupracalita zabda hai| isa deza meM adhika se adhika pracalita aura prayukta hone vAle zabdoM meM 'dharma' zabda kI gaNanA kI jA sakatI hai| paThita aura apaThita sabhI vargoM ke loga dainika vyavahAra meM sahasroM bAra isa zabda kA prayoga karate haiN| phira bhI nissaMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai ki dharma ke marma ko pahacAnane vAle bahuta kama loga haiN| adhikAMza loga jAti evaM samAja meM purAtana kAla se calI AtI paramparAoM, rUr3hiyoM yA dhAraNAoM meM dharma kI kalpanA kara lete haiM aura unhIM ke pAlana ko dharma kA pAlana mAna lete haiM / unhIM kA pAlana karake ve santuSTa ho jAte haiM aura antima samaya taka dhokhe meM rahate haiM / / samAja meM eka varga aisA hai, jo dhana ke viSaya meM pramANabhUta samajhA jAtA hai| kintu durbhAgya se usameM bhI adhikAMza vyakti aise hote haiM jo dharma kI vAstavikatA se anabhijJa hote haiN| andhe ke netRtva meM calane vAle andhoM kI jo gati hotI hai, vahI janasAdhAraNa kI bhI gati hotI hai| dharma kA sambandha kaI loga laukika karttavyoM yA vartamAna jIvana ke sAtha hI jor3ate haiM, to kaI loga sirpha prAtmA ke zAzvata kalyANa ke sAtha / kintu sUkSma aura gaMbhIra vicAra karane para vidita hogA ki dharma vAstava meM ekAMgI nahIM hai / usameM manuSya ke laukika aura AdhyAtmika sabho kartavyoM kA samAveza hotA hai| manuSya ko apanI Atmazuddhi ke lie yA apane zuddha svarUpa kI upalabdhi ke lie jina niyamoM yA vidhi-niSedhoM kA anusaraNa karanA cAhie, unakA samAveza to dharma meM hotA hI hai, magara usake samasta laukika kartavya bhI dharma ke antargata hI haiM / manuSya kA anya prANiyoM ke prati kyA kartavya hai ? agara

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dharma aura darzana vaha grAmavAsI hai to grAma ke prati, nagara nivAsI hai to nagara ke prati aura jisa rASTra kA nAgarika hai, usa rASTra ke prati usakA kisa prakAra kA sambandha honA cAhie ? antataH samagra vizva ke prati usakA kyA karttavya hai ? ina saba karttavyoM kA samAveza dharma meM hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki hamAre dIrghadRSTi zAstrakAroM ne jahA~ Atmadharma kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai vahIM grAmadharma; nagaradhanaM aura rASTradharma Adi kA pratipAdana bhI kiyA hai aura samagra vizva ke kalyANa kI kAmanA karane kI bhI preraNA kI hai / aura yaha to sahaja hI samajhA jA sakatA hai ki vizvakalyANa kI kAmanA korI kAmanA hI nahIM hai, varan usake lie yathAzakti prayAsa karanA bhI usameM garbhita hai / vizva ke hita kI kAmanA kI jAya, kintu tadanukula prayatna na kiyA jAya to vaha kAmanA AtmavaJcanA se adhika aura kyA hogI ? tathya yaha hai ki lokakalyANa aura AtmakalyANa do pRthak-pRthak karttavya nahIM haiM / ye donoM sammilita hokara hI dharma kA rUpa grahaNa karate haiM | saccA dharmaniSTha puruSa lokakalyANa ko zrAtmakalyANa se bhinna aura AtmakalyANa ko lokakalyANa se bhinna nahIM maantaa| vaha lokakalyANa ko prAtmakalyANa ke rUpa meM hI dekhatA hai aura AtmakalyANa kA hI eka Avazyaka aMga mAnatA / ataeva paropakAra vastutaH zrAtmopakAra hI hai / nandIsUtra kI TIkA isa sambandha meM avalokanIya hai / aisI sthiti meM nizcayanaya ke nAma para yA zrAtmA ke nAma para dharma ko atyanta saMkIrNa dAyare meM banda karane ke jo prayAsa kie jA rahe haiM, 2. dasavidhe dhammaM paNNatte, taM0 gAmadhamme, nagaradhamme, raTThadhamme, pAsaMDadhamme, kuladhamme, gajadhamme, saMghadhamme, suyadhamme, caritadhamme, asthikAmme / - sthAnAMga 10-1 3. sarve bhavantu sukhinaH sarve santu nirAmayAH / sarve bhadrANi pazyantu mA kazcid duHkhabhAg bhavet // ( kha ) 5. kSemaM sarvaprajAnAM prabhavatu balavAn dhArmiko bhUmipAlaH / kAle kAle ca samyag varSatu maghavA vyAdhayo yAntu nAzam // durbhikSaM cauramArI kSaNamapi jagatAM mAsma bhUjjIvaloke, jainendra dharmacakraM prabhavatu satataM sarvasaukhyapradAyi ||

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dharma aura darzana ve kisI bhI prakAra se ucita nahIM haiM / yahI nahIM, kintu ina prayAsoM ne dharma ko khatarA utpanna kara diyA hai| jaba samagra vizva vega ke sAtha samAjavAda kI ora agrasara ho rahA hai, taba dharma ko ekAnta vaiyaktika rUpa pradAna karane kA prayatna deza aura kAla se bhI viparIta hai| vAstavikatA to usameM hai hI nhiiN| yaha satya hai ki laukika karttavya ke nAma para prAtmA ke zAzvata kalyANa kI upekSA nahIM karanI cAhie, kintu yaha bhI satya hai ki AtmakalyANa ke nAma para laukika karttavyoM ko dRSTi se aojhala nahIM kara denA cAhie / jisane dharma ke marma ko pahacAna liyA hai vaha AtmakalyANa aura lokakalyANa kA sundara samanvaya karake calatA hai aura unameM kisI bhI prakAra virodha nahIM utpanna hone detaa| yahI dharma kI udAratA aura vyApakatA hai| jaba taka dharma meM yaha udAratA aura vyApakatA banI rahegI, vaha kisI bhI deza aura kAla meM anupAdeya nahIM samajhA jA skegaa| agara hama cAhate haiM ki manuSya kA pratyeka kadama aura pratyeka uccha vAsa dharma se anuprANita ho, to hameM dharma ke udAra svarUpa kI rakSA karanI hI hogii| isa prakAra dharma hamAre vaiyaktika, sAmAjika, aihika aura pAralaukika karttavyoM kA niyAmaka aura saMcAlaka hai| dharma se hamArA jIvana saMgItamaya banatA hai aura sAtha hI zivamaya bhii| manuSya ne aneka kalAoM kA AviSkAra kiyA hai, kintu dharma kalA una saba meM uttama hai, jo jIvana ko sthAyI satya, ziva aura saundarya se aApUrita kara detI hai| __AcArya haribhadra ne dharma kI prazasti karate hue likhA hai-"dharma se uttama kula meM janma lene kI prApti hotI hai, dharma se hI divya rUpa kI, dhana samRddhi kI aura suvistRta kotti kI prApti hotI hai / dharma anupama maMgala hai, samasta duHkhoM kI anupama auSadha hai, dharma vipula bala hai, dharma hI prANiyoM ke lie trANa aura zaraNa hai / adhika kyA kahA jAya, samasta jIvaloka meM indriyoM aura 4. savvA kalA dhammakalA jiroi / -gautamakulaka

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dharma aura darzana mana ko jo bhI abhirAma pratIta hotA hai, vaha saba dharma kA hI phala hai" / ' isa kathana se bhI yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki dharma kA sambandha na kevala AdhyAtmika zra eyas se hai, apitu hamAre vartamAna jIvana ke sAtha bhI hai / dharmavyAkhyA dharma zabda kA vyAkaraNa zAstra ke anusAra artha hai - dhAraNa karanA / jo dhAraNa karatA hai vaha dharma hai / 'dhRJ' dhAtu meM 'mat" yA 'ma' pratyaya jor3ane para 'dharma' zabda niSpanna hotA hai / jo durgatipAta se prANiyoM ko bacAtA hai, vaha dharma hai / kaNAda ke kathanAnusAra jisase abhyudaya 5. 6. dhAraNAd dharmamityAhuH / 7. 8. dhammeNa kulappasUI, dhammeNa ya divvarUvasaMpattI / dhammeNa dhaNasamiddhI, dhammeNa suvitthaDA kittI // dhammo maMgalamaulaM, osahamaulaM ca savvadukkhANaM / dhammo balamavi viulaM, dhammo tANaM va saraNaM ca // ki jaMpiyeNa bahuNA, jaM jaM dIsai savvattha jiyaloe / indiya-maNAbhirAmaM taM taM dhammaphalaM savvaM // e. (kha) dhAraNAd dharmaM ucyate / -- manu - mahAbhArata, karNa pavaM dhRJa, dhAraNe, asya dhAtormaMt pratyayAntasyedaM rUpam dharma iti / - dazavaM0 jina0 cUrNi pU0 14 dhRJa dhAraNe, ityasya dhAtomaMpratyayAntasyedaM rUpam dharmaM iti / -samarAiccakahA -dazavaM0 hAri0 TIkA, patra 20 yasmAjjIvaM narakatiryagyonikumAnuSadevatveSu prapatantaM dhArayatIti dharmaH, uktaJca -- durgatiprasRtAn jIvAn, yasmAd dhArayate tataH / dhatte cetAn zubhasthAne tasmAd dharma iti sthitaH // - dazave0 jina0 cUrNi0 pU0 15

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dharma aura darzana arthAt svarga kI aura niHzreyas arthAt mokSa kI prApti hotI hai, vaha dharma hai| - 'dharma' zabda kI ullikhita vyutpattiyA~ zabda aura artha kI dRSTi se milatI-julatI haiN| kintu AdhyAtmika paramparA ke mUrdhanya santa prAcArya kundakunda ne dharma kI jo paribhASA kI hai, usameM jaina dRSTi kI viziSTatA spaSTa pratibhAsita hotI hai| unhoMne vastu ke svabhAva ko dharma kahA hai' / vastu kA svabhAva dharma kisa prakAra hai, isakA spaSTIkaraNa dhyAnayogI prAcArya rAmasena ne kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra haisamasta vizva paryAyoM ko dRSTi se kSaNa-kSaNa meM vinaSTa ho rahA hai| sacetana ho yA acetana, sabhI padArtha pratikSaNa nAza ko prApta ho rahe haiN| nirantara pravarttamAna isa vinAzalIlA meM bhI vastu kA mUla svabhAva vastu ko dhAraNa kiye rakhatA hai, kAyama rakhatA hai| pratyeka vastu apane svabhAva se dhRta hai, avasthita hai, ataeva vastu kA svabhAva dharma hai / udAharaNArtha- jIva paryAya kI dRSTi se vinAzazola hone para bhI apane caitanyasvabhAva se sadA dhRta arthAt dhra va rahatA hai, isa kAraNa caitanya jIva kA dharma hai| pratikSaNa vinaSTa hote hue pudgala ko usakA mUrtikatva svabhAva dhAraNa kie rahatA hai, arthAt astitva meM rakhatA hai, ataeva mUrtikatA pudgala kA dharma hai / / prAcAra zAstra kI dRSTi se ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa dharma hai / dharma utkRSTa maMgala hai / ina sabhI vyAkhyAoM kA samanvaya karate hue kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM kahA hai-vastu kA svabhAva dharma hai, kSamA Adi daza prakAra kA bhAva 10. yato'bhyudayaniHzreyasiddhiH sa dharmaH / - - vaizeSika darzana 11. vatyusahAvo dhmmo| 12. zUnyIbhavadidaM vizvaM svarUpeNa dhRtaM yataH / sasmAdvastusvarUpaM hi, prAhudharma maharSayaH / / -tasthAmuzAsana, 53 13. dhammo maMgala mukkiTTha, ahiMsA saMjamo tavo / -dazava0 0 1 gA0 1

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dharma aura darzana dharma hai, samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra rUpa ratnatraya dharma hai aura jIvoM kA rakSaNa karanA dharma hai| prAcArya samantabhadra ke kathanAnusAra dharma vaha hai, jo prANiyoM ko sAMsArika duHkhoM se bacAtA hai aura uttama sukha meM dhAraNa karatA hai| dharma kI ina aneka vyAkhyAoM ke ullekha kA prayojana yaha hai ki pAThaka dharma ke vyApaka svarUpa ko hRdayaGgama kara skeN| ullikhita vyAkhyAeM spaSTa prakaTa karatI haiM ki jIvana ko ucca, pavitra aura divya banAne vAle jo bhI vidhividhAna yA kriyAkalApa haiM, ve sabhI dharma ke antargata haiN| saMkSepa meM, dazavaikAlika sUtra meM pradarzita dharma ke svarUpa ke prakAza meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jo utkRSTa maMgala hai vahI dharma hai / maMgala zabda kA artha hai-pApa yA burAiyoM kA nAza aura sukha yA kalyANa kI prApti / tAtparya yaha hayA ki jo prAcArapraNAlikA hamAre jIvana ko pApa kI kAlimA se bacAtI hai, jIvanagata burAiyoM ko dUra karatI hai aura jisase kalyANa kA patha prazasta hotA hai, vahI dharma hai| isa vyApaka paribhASA se jainAgamapratipAdita dharma sArvabhauma dharma kA darjA prApta kara letA hai / jisase prAtmA kA maMgala ho vaha prAtma-dharma hai, jisase rASTra kA maMgala ho vaha rASTradharma hai aura jisa AcArapraNAlI se vizva kA maGgala ho, vaha vizvadharma hai| isI prakAra yaha paribhASA sabhI samAjoM, vargoM aura varNoM para lAgU hotI hai| 'codanAlakSaNo dharmaH' arthAt veda se milane vAlI preraNA dharma hai, yaha paribhASA jaise eka granthavizeSa para AdhArita hone ke kAraNa saMkIrNa hai, usa prakAra jainaparibhASA meM lezamAtra bhI saMkIrNatA nahIM hai| 14. dhammo vatthusahAvo, khamAdibhAvo ya vasaviho dhammo / rayaNatayaM ca dhammo, jIvANaM rakkhaNaM dhammo // -kAttikeyAnuprekSA, 478 15. saMsAraduHkhataH sattvAn, yo dharatyuttame sukhe / -~~-ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra

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dharma aura darzana bhArata aura dharma bhAratavarSa dharmapradhAna deza ke nAma se vikhyAta haiN| bhArata kI yaha khyAti prAdhunika bhAratIya jIvana ke kAraNa nahIM, varan isa kAraNa hai ki itihAsAtIta kAla se bhArata ko prajA kA jIvana dharma se anuprANita rahA hai| jaba se mAnava samAja kA nirmANa hunA, sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA navonmeSa humA, tabhI se prajA ke eka viziSTa varga ne dharmasambandhI cintana aura usake pracAra-prasAra ke lie apanA jIvana samarpita kiyA aura usa varga kI paramparA Aja bhI akSuNNa rUpa se calI A rahI hai| usa varga ko bhAratIya prajA ne apanI zraddhA-bhakti arpita kI aura apanA uddhAraka mAnA hai| bhArata kabhI aizvarya yA vaibhava kA upAsaka nahIM rahA, usane sadA dharma kI ArAdhanA kI hai| cakravartI samrATa bhI dharmaprANa santoM ke caraNoM meM vinamrabhAva se natamastaka hote Ae haiN| dharma kI rakSA meM hI hamArI rakSA hai,16 yaha bhArata ke manISiyoM kA udghoSa rahA hai| bhAratIya sAhitya meM dharma kI rakSA ke lie prANoM kA balidAna karane vAle vIra puruSoM aura nAriyoM ke sahasroM udAharaNa vidyamAna haiM, jo Aja bhI preraNA ke srota haiM / isa prakAra bhArata ko dharma pradhAna deza kahane meM tanika bhI atyukti nahIM hai| bhale Aja AcaraNa meM dharma kI nyUnatA dRSTigocara hotI ho parantu bhAratIya janamAnasa dharma ke prati Aja bhI sarvAdhika AsthAvAn hai| dharmasambandhI bhrama vijJAnapradatta suvidhAoM ke kAraNa aAja samagra vizva jaise ekAkAra ho gayA hai| pratyeka deza kA dUsare samasta dezoM ke sAtha nikaTatama samparka sthApita ho gayA hai| aisI sthiti meM vAMchanIya to yaha thA ki bhAratIya dharma evaM saMskRti kA sadeza samagra vizva meM phailatA, kintu aisA ho nahIM rahA hai / jo deza vaijJAnika dRSTi se unnata aura isI kAraNa sabala haiM, unakA prabhAva hamAre deza para bar3I tejI se par3a rahA hai| unakI vicAradhArA bhI bhAratIyoM ko prabhAvita kara rahI hai| usake phalasvarUpa dharma ke sambandha meM aneka prakAra ke bhramoM kI sRSTi 16. dharmo rakSati rakSitaH /

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dharma aura darzana huI hai / kucha loga aisA mAnate haiM ki dharma jIvana ko rUkhA banAtA hai / kaiyoM kI dhAraNA hai ki prAtmahita ko pradhAnatA dekara dharma manuSya ko svArthaparAyaNa banA detA hai| kisI kisI kA AkSepa hai ki dharma tyAga, saMnyAsa yA nivRtti kA vidhAna karake aura usa para atyadhika bala dekara manuSya ko jIvanasaMgharSa se dUra bhAgane kI preraNA karatA hai, to kaI loga dharma ko kalaha kA mUla kahate haiN| ye sabhI bhrama dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa ke nahIM, apitu ajJAna ke phala haiM / dharma kI jo pramANopeta vyAkhyA hamane prastuta kI hai, usI se ina saba bhramoM kA nivAraNa ho jAtA hai| dharma se jIvana nIrasa nahIM, maryAdita banatA hai / sarasatA kA artha yadi maryAdAhIna ukhala vihAra samajhA jAya to bAta dUsarI hai, anyathA dharma kA aisA koI bhI vidhAna nahIM hai jo jIvana meM nIrasatA utpanna karatA ho| vyakti ko svArtha parAyaNa banA dene kA AkSepa to ekadama hI nirAdhAra hai, kyoMki dharma prANimAtra ko Atmavat samajhane kI preraNA karatA hai aura paropakAra ko prAtmopakAra hI mAnane kI zikSA detA hai / jainazAstra kA vidhAna hai ki mumukSu ko sva-para ke prati samabhAvI honA cAhie aura apanI viziSTa antaHzuddhi ke lie vizeSa rUpa se paropakAra karane kA yatna karanA caahie| jo tyAgavRtti aMgIkAra karatA hai, pravrajyA grahaNa karatA hai, yA saMnyAsa dhAraNa karatA hai, kyA vaha jIvanasaMgharSa se dUra bhAgatA hai ? nahIM, gRhasthI kI sukha-suvidhAoM kA parityAga karake jo vyakti tyAga ke patha ko aMgIkAra karatA hai, vaha bar3I se bar3I kaThinAiyoM ko, kaSToM ko aura prabhAvoM ko samabhAva se sahana karatA hai| vaha una sabase jUjhane ke lie kRtasaMkalpa hotA hai| mahAvIra aura buddha dono rAjakumAra the / saMsAra ke uttama se uttama sukhasAdhana unheM anAyAsa upalabdha 17. niHzreyasapadamadhiroDhakAmena tadavAptaye svaparasamamAnasImUya svaparopakArAya yatitavyam / tatrApi mahatyAmAzayavizuddhau paropakRtiH kattuM zakyate, ityAzayavizuddhiprakarSasampAdanAya vizeSataH paropakAre yatna prAsthyaH / - nandIsUtra TIkA, malayagiri

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dharma aura darzana the| rAjamahaloM meM unheM kisI prakAra kA kaSTa nahIM thA, duHkha nahIM thaa| phira kisa lie unhoMne rAjakIya vaibhava ko tRNa kI taraha tyAgakara tapazcaryA kA patha aMgIkAra kiyA ? khAsataura se bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana to nirAlA hI hai / ve Ae hue saMkaToM ko hI avicala bhAva se sahana nahIM karate the, kintu saMkaToM ko prAmantrita bhI karate the aura unako parAjita karane meM Atmika vIrya kA sadupayoga karate the| _ 'dharma kalaha kA kAraNa hai'-isa kathana meM bhI koI sacAI nahIM hai / dharma kalaha ko pApa aura Atmapatana mAnatA hai| vaha vizvamaitrI para bala detA hai| anekAnta darzana ne samasta darzanoM ke matabhedoM kA nivAraNa karane kA mArga sujhAyA hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM zaivoM dvArA jainoM ke prati kie gae prANahArI atyAcAra, IsAiyoM meM romana kaitholikoM aura proTesTeMToM ke bIca hae saMgharSa aura bhArata ke hindUmuslima daMge Adi meM kyA vAstava meM dharma kA hAtha hai ? saMsAra kA koI bhI dharma, anya dharmAvalambiyoM kA galA kATane kA upadeza nahIM detaa| yaha karatUteM to una adhArmika logoM kI haiM jo apanI svArthasiddhi ke lie dharma ke pavitra nAma kA durupayoga karate haiM / dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa ko na samajhanA bhI isakA kAraNa ho sakatA hai / dharmasambandhI ajJAna dharmonmAda ko janma detA hai aura loga dharma aura dharmonmAda meM bheda na karake dharma para lAJchana lagAte haiM / vastutaH dharma kA usase koI sarokAra nahIM hotaa| dharma aura pantha aise logoM kI saMkhyA bhI kama nahIM hai, jo vividha panthoM ko hI dharma mAnate haiN| kintu dharma aura pantha meM bahuta antara hai / dharma eka hai, panthoM ko gaNanA karanA bhI sambhava nahIM hai| dharma zAzvata hai, pantha sAmayika hote haiN| dharma ko yadi sarovara mAna liyA jAya to pantha usameM uThane vAlI eka lahara hai| yuga kI samApti ke sAtha pantha samApta ho jAte haiM, jaba ki dharma trikAla-abAdhita hai / dharma ke abhAva meM sRSTi ke astitva kI kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sktii| .. bhAratIya sAhitya meM dharma kI vistRta aura sUkSmatama vivecanA kI

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4 dharma aura darzana gaI hai| vibhinna vargoM ke lie dharma kI vividha zreriNayAM pradarzita kI gaI haiM, para vistAra bhaya se yahAM unakA ullekha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| dharma aura darzana dharma aura darzana kA paraspara ghaniSTha sambandha hai / yaha kahanA bhI atyukti na hogA ki dharma aura darzana eka sikke ke do bAjU haiM / mAnava jIvana ke sAtha jaise dharma kA sambandha hai vaise hI darzana kA bhI / dharma prAcArapakSa hai, darzana vicArapakSa hai| darzana kyA hai ? ___darzana kA sAmAnya prartha dRSTi hai| prastuta dRSTi ko aMgarejI bhASA meM viz2ana (Vision) kahate haiN| sAdhAraNataH pratyeka vyakti, jise netra prApta haiM, dekhatA hI hai, magara yahA~ para vaha sAdhAraNa dRSTi vivakSita nahIM hai| darzana kA sahI artha divya dRSTi hai, jisake dvArA tattva kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| darzana mAnava-mastiSka kI bauddhika upaja kahA jAtA hai| isa kathana meM AMzika satya hai, kintu pUrNa satya nhiiN| jagat meM aneka darzana aise bhI haiM jo mAnava-mastiSka ke cintana-vyAyAma se udbhUta haiM, kintu alpajJa kA mastiSka, cAhe jitanA bhI urvara kyoM na ho, tattva ke sampUrNa svarUpa kA sparza nahIM kara sakatA / mastiSka kI daur3a kI eka sImA hai| usameM sImita satya hI samA sakatA hai, kintu jaba manuSya ati vizvAsa kA zikAra hotA hai aura apanI akSamatA ko svIkAra na karake apane Apako sarvasamartha samajha baiThatA hai to vaha apane dvArA dRSTa, apUrNa satya ko pUrNa samajha letA hai| use yaha mAlUma nahIM hotA ki maiMne jo kucha dekhA, jAnA yA samajhA hai| usase prAge bhI bahuta kucha hai / vaha una andhoM kI TolI kA hI eka sadasya bana jAtA hai jo hAthI ke eka-eka aMga ko hI paripUrNa hAthI samajhakara Apasa meM jhagar3ane lagate haiN| 18. dRzyate'neneti darzanam / -sarvadarzana saMgraha TIkA

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dharma aura darzana satya eka hai, kintu usakA nirUpaNa karane vAle darzana aneka haiM aura unakA nirUpaNa paraspara virodhI hai / Atmabhinna padArtho kI bAta chor3ie aura AtmA ko hI liijie| usake viSaya meM jitane mu~ha utanI bAteM haiM / eka darzana kA nirUpaNa dUsare darzana se mela nahIM khAtA / eka darzana AtmA ke astitva kA ekAnta niSedha karatA hai aura dUsarA ekAnta vidhAna karatA hai / AtmAsambandhI ye donoM dRSTiyA~ kyA satya haiM ? satya koI bahurUpiyA nahIM hai, jo eka ko apanA eka rUpa aura dUsare ko dUsarA rUpa pradarzita kare / isake atirikta bahurUpiyA kA bhI asalI rUpa to eka hI hotA hai / usake aneka rUpa vAstavika haiM / tAtparya yaha hai ki mAnava mastiSka se upajane vAle darzanoM meM pUrNatA sambhava nahIM hai / 14 pUrNa satya kI upalabdhi karane vAlA darzana vahI ho sakatA hai, jo divyadRSTi se udbhuta hotA hai / divyadRSTi kA artha haiatIndriya jJAna / tIvra tapazcaryA aura gambhIratama AtmAnubhUti jaba carama sImA ko prApta hotI hai, taba sAdhanAnirata puruSa kI AtmA samasta AvaraNoM ko chinna-bhinna karake ananta jJAna kI lokottara jyoti se jagamagAne lagatI hai / vaha jyoti itanI nirmala hotI hai ki usameM pratyeka vastu apane vAstavika svarUpa meM pratibhAsita hotI hai / vaha jyoti itanI pUrNa hotI hai ki jagat kI sUkSma se sUkSma vastu bhI unase prakAzita nahIM rahatI / vaha jyoti aisI apratihata hotI hai ki deza aura kAla kI dIvAreM usakI gati ko nahIM roka sakatIM / vaha jyoti itanI prakhara hotI hai ki use prApta karane vAlA sarvajJa sarvadarzI bana jAtA hai / divyadRSTi se udbhuta darzana hI vAstavika darzana hai / vahI vastusvarUpa kI yathArthatA kA nidarzaka hotA hai / vaha tarka aura yukti kA saMbala lekara vastu ke pratyeka pahalu para cintana karatA hai / uddezya jaisA ki prArambha meM kahA jA cukA hai, bhArata meM dharma aura darzana kA ghaniSTha sambandha hai aura ve eka dUsare ke pUraka haiN| donoM kA

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dharma aura darzana uddezya eka hI hai- apavarga, niHzreyas videha dazA, nirvAraNa, Atyantika duHkhanivRtti yA brahma kI prApti / maitreyI yAjJavalkya se kahatI hai- jisase maiM amRta nahIM banatI, use lekara kyA karU N ? jo amRtattva kA sAdhana ho, vahI mujhe batAo / 19 iSukAra nareza se rAnI kamalAvatI kahatI hai- rAjan dharmaM ke atirikta koI bhI vastu trAraNapradAtA nahIM hai / 2deg 15 isa prakAra maitreyI apane pati se mokSa ke sAdhanabhUta darzana kI mA~ga karatI hai aura mahArAnI kamalAvatI apane pati ko mokSa ke sAdhanabhUta dharma ko hI trAraNaprada batalAtI hai / ina samvAdoM se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki dharma aura darzana donoM kA svara eka hai / pAzcAtya vidvAn dharma aura darzana ko pRthak-pRthak mAnate haiM / unhoMne darzana ke lie philAsaphI (Philosophy) zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, jisakA artha hai-buddhi kA prema ( Love of wisdom ) / darzana kevala buddhi kA camatkAra hai / isa prakAra pAzcAtya vicAra ke anusAra dArzanika vaha hai jo jIva, jagat, paramAtmA aura paraloka kA nirapekSa vidyAnurAgI ho / vahA~ darzana kevala darzana ke lie hai arthAt korA buddhivilAsa hai / kintu bhAratIya darzana kA lakSya bahuta U~cA hai / usakA kendrabindu AtmA haiM, arthAt apane Apako sahI rUpa meM pahacAnanA hai| sAtha hI vaha vizva ke samasta padArthoM kI vAstavikatA ko hamAre samakSa prastuta karatA hai / yahA~ darzana kevala kalpanAkuzala kovidoM ke manovinoda kA sAdhana nahIM, magara tattva ko jAnakara hitapravRtti kA 16. yenAhaM nAmRtA syAM kiM tena kuryAm ? yadeva bhavAn veda tadeva me brUhi / - bRhadAraNyakopaniSad 20. ego hu dhammo naradeva ! tANaM, na vijjae annamiheha kiMci / - uttarAdhya0 14, 40

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dharma aura darzana sAdhana hai / AtmotkarSa ke lie vyartha ke kAlpanika prAdarzo ke gagana meM ur3Ana bharane kI apekSA una Adarzo ko jIvana meM utAranA adhika uttama hai / 16 AtmotthAna meM dharma pracAra ke rUpa meM sAdhana hai to darzana vicAra ke rUpa meM / prAcAra aura vicAra ke samanvaya se hI abhISTa kI siddhi hotI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki vaidika darzana ne jJAnayoga aura karmayoga ke rUpa meM 21, bauddha darzana ne vidyA aura cAritra ke rUpa meM 22 tathA jainadarzana ne samyag darzana, samyag jJAna aura samyak cAritra ke rUpa23 meM pracAra aura vicAra kA samanvaya kiyA hai / prAcArahIna vicAra niSphala hai aura vicArahIna prAcAra andhakAra meM ThokareM khAne ke samAna kevala prAyAsajanaka hI hotA hai / darzana jIvana kA prakAza hai to dharma gati hai / darzana jIvana kI zakti hai aura dharma jIvana kI abhivyakti haiM / darzana se vicAra kI zuddhi hotI hai aura dharma se prAcAra kI vizuddhi hotI hai / saMskRta sAhitya meM andha-paMgu nyAya prasiddha hai / andhA cala sakatA hai, dekha nahIM sakatA / use unmArga aura sanmArga kA viveka nahIM hotA / zrataeva vaha unmArga yA viparIta mArga para cala kara apane lakSya se aura adhika dUra ho sakatA hai| paMgu dekha sakatA hai, para cala nahIM sakatA / usakA dekhanA kisI kAma nahIM zrAtA / zrataeva donoM meM samanvaya Avazyaka hai / isI prakAra yaha anivArya hai ki apane lakSya kI prApti ke lie manuSya pracAra aura vicAra kA samanvaya kare aura zuddha vicAra kI rozanI meM cale / yahI dharma aura darzana kA samanvaya hai / 21. dekhie bhagavadgItA / 22. 23. aMguttaranikAya, 11-11 AhaMsu vijjA caraNaM pamokkhaM / (kha) sthAnAMga, 2-63 (ga) - sUtrAMga, 1 / 12 / 11 tattvArthasUtra, 1 - 1 Avazyaka niyukti gA0 64 aura 66

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adhyAtmavAda : eka adhyayana bhAratavarSa sadaiva adhyAtma-vidyA kI lIlAbhUmi rahA hai| pratApapUrNa pratibhAsampanna vijJoM ne adhyAtma kSetra meM jisa ghirantana satya kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA, usakI prabhAsvara razmimAlA se vizva kA pratyeka bhUbhAga Alokita hai| bhAratIya itihAsa va sAhitya prastuta kathana kA jvalanta pramANa hai ki AdhyAtmika gaveSaNA, anveSaNA aura usakA samyak AcaraNa hI bhArata ke satya-zodhI sAdhakoM ke jIvana kA ekamAtra abhilaSita lakSya rahA hai| AdhyAtmika utkrAnti ke dvArA hI bhArata ne vizva kA netRtva kiyA aura vizvaguru ke mahattvapUrNa pada se apane ko samalaMkRta kiyaa| bhAratIya saMskRti kI samujjvala vicAradhArAeM vivadha rUpoM va raMgoM meM vyakta huI haiM, jinakI gaNanA karanA asambhava na sahI, kaThina avazya hai / tathApi yaha nirvivAda hai ki jaina, bauddha aura vaidika ye tInoM dhArAe~ hI unameM pramukha haiM / ina trividha dhArAoM meM hI prAyaH anya sabhI dhArAe~ antahita ho jAtI haiN| unameM adhyAtma vidyA kI garimA kA jo madhura gAna gAyA gayA hai vaha bhautika-bhakti ke yuga meM pale-puse insAna ko bhI vismaya se vimugdha kara detA hai / vimugdha hI nahIM, jo mAnava bhautikatA kI cakAcauMdha meM pratipala, pratikSaNa bahiSTA banate jA rahe haiM, jinheM antardarzana kA avakAza nahIM hai, AtmamArjana kI cintA nahIM hai, antarartama kI parizuddhi aura pariSkRti kA uddezya jinake sAmane nahIM hai, kevala bahirdarzana hI jinake jIvana kA parama aura carama dhyeya hai, unheM bhI prastuta saMgIta eka bAra to Atmadarzana kI pavitra preraNA pradAna karatA hI hai|

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18 dharma aura darzana maiM kauna hU~, ? kahA~ se AyA hU~, ?' yahA~ se kahA~ jAU~gA ? kyA merA punarjanma hogA ? merA svarUpa kyA hai ? kyA maiM deha hU~ ? indriya hU~ ? mana hU~ ? yA ina sabase bhinna kucha hU~ ? ina sabhI praznoM kA sahI samAdhAna bhArata ke manISI mUrdhanya-muniyoM ne pradAna kiye haiN| bhASA, paribhASA, pratipAdanapaddhati aura pariSkAra meM antara hone para bhI sUkSma va samanvaya dRSTi se avalokana karane para sUrya ke prakAza kI bhA~ti yaha spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki ve sabhI eka hI rAha ke rAhI haiN| jaina dRSTi: bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina saMskRti kA svatantra sthAna hai, svatantra vicAradhArA hai, aura svatantra nirUpaNa paddhati hai / jaina darzana ko jinadarzana yA Atma-darzana bhI kaha sakate haiN| janadarzana meM AtmA ke lakSaNa aura svarUpa ke sambandha meM atyanta sUkSma gambhIra aura vyApaka vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra prAtmA caitanya svarUpa hai, SaT dravyoM meM svatantra dravya hai / nava padArthoM meM prathama padArtha hai| sapta tattva meM prathama tattva hai|" paMcAstikAya meM caturtha asti kAya hai| 1. AcArAMga, prathama adhyayana / 2. jIve NaM bhaMte ! jIve, jIve jIve ? goyamA ! jIve tAva niyamA jove, jIve vi niyamA jIve / -bhagavatI 6 / 10 3. dhammo adhammo AgAso, kAlo puggala jaitavo / ____esa logotti pannatto, jiNehiM varadaMsihi / / -uttarAdhyayana 28 4. nava sabbhAvapayatthA paM0 ta0 jIvA ajIvA puNNaM pAvo Asavo saMvaro NijjarA baMdho mokkho / -ThANAGga 6867 5. jIvAjIvAsravabandhasaMvaranirjarAmokSAstattvam / -tattvArtha0 14 6. paMca atthikAyA paM0 ta0 dhammatthikAe, adhammatthikAe / AgAsasthikAe, jIvasthikAe, poggalatthikAe / -ThANAGga 221530 (kha) bhagavatI 2 / 10 / pR0 523

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adhyAtmavAda : eka adhyayana upayoga hI usakA mukhya lakSaNa hai| upayoga zabda jJAna aura darzana kA saMgrAhaka hai| cetanA ke bodharUpa vyApAra ko upayoga kahate haiN| vaha do prakAra kA hai-(1) sAkAra upayoga (2) aura anAkAra upayoga / sAkAra upayoga jJAna hai aura anAkAra upayoga darzana hai / jo upayoga padArthoM ke vizeSa dharma kA (jAti, guNa, kriyA Adi kA) bodha karAtA hai vaha sAkAra upayoga hai aura jo sAmAnya sattA kA bodha karAtA hai vaha anAkAra upayoga hai / yoM AtmA meM ananta guNa paryAya haiM kintu una sabhI meM upayoga hI pramukha aura asAdhAraNa hai| vaha sva-para prakAzaka hone se apanA tathA dUsare dravya, guNa, paryAyoM kA jJAna karA sakatA hai / sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karanA, asti-nAsti ko jAnanA, yaha saba upayoga kA hI kArya hai / upayoga jar3a padArthoM meM nahIM hotA kyoMki unameM cetanA zakti kA abhAva hai| ___ AtmA ko jJAnasvarUpa kahA hai| isakA artha yaha nahIM ki vaha jJAna ke atirikta anya kucha nahIM hai, isameM darzana bhI hai, Ananda bhI hai, 7. uvaogalakkhaNeNaM jIve / -bhagavatI 13 / 4 / 480 (kha) guNao uvoggunno| -ThANAGga 531530 (ga) jIvo uvoglkkhnno| -uttarAdhyayana 28 / 10 (gha) uvaogalakkhaNe jIve / -bhagavatI 2010 (Ga) upayogo lakSaNam / -tattvArtha sUtra rAma (ca) jIvo uvaogamao amutti kakSA sadaihaparimANo / bhottA saMsArattho, siddho so visssoddddhgii| -dravya saMgraha : nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI 8. AyA bhaMte ! nANe annANe ? goyamA AyA siya nANe, siya annANe, raNANe puNa niyamaM aayaa| -bhagavatI 16 / 3

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dharma aura darzana anantavIrya bhI hai, anya dharma bhI haiM / vastutaH jJAna aura AtmA meM guNa-guNI kA tAdAtmya sambandha hai / jJAna guNa hai, AtmA guNI (dravya ) hai / isI bhAva ko vyakta karane ke lie bhagavatI sUtra meM kahA haiAtmA jJAna bhI hai, aura jJAna ke atirikta bhI hai kintu jJAna niyama se AtmA hI hai / AtmA sAkSAt jJAna hai, aura jJAna hI sAkSAt AtmA hai / " jo grAtmA hai vahI vijJAtA hai, jo vijJAtA hai vahI AtmA hai / jo isa tattva ko svIkAra karatA hai vaha AtmavAdI hai / " jJAna aura AtmA ke dvaita ko jaina darzana svIkAra nahIM karatA hai / AtmA aura jJAna meM tAdAtmya hai, ve alaga-alaga tattva nahIM haiM, jaisA ki kaNAda Adi svIkAra karate haiM / 20 vistAra kI dRSTi se AtmA kA lakSaNa batalAte hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA- jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, vIrya, upayoga ye jIva ke lakSaNa haiM / " arthAt AtmA jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, vIrya (zakti) aura upayogamaya hai / zrAtmA rUpI hai / 12 zabda, rUpa, gandha, rasa aura sparza se rahita hai / vaha na lambA hai na choTA hai, na Ter3hA hai na gola, na caurasa hai, na maNDalAkAra hai arthAt usakI apanI koI AkRti nahIM hai / na e. 10. 12. AtmA jJAnaM svayaM jJAnaM jJAnAdanyat karoti kim ? 1 11. nANaM ca daMsaNaM ceva, caritaM ca tavo tahA / vIriyaM uvaogo ya, evaM jIvassa lakkharaNaM // 13. je AyA se viSNAyA, je viNNAyA se AyA / je vijAnAti se AyA, taM paDucca paDisakhAe, se AyAvAdI / - zrAcArAMga 1 seNa sadda e, Na rUve, Na gaMdhe, Na rase, Na phAse, ,, - zrAcArya amRtacandra arUvI sattA ' -- zrAcArAMga 6 / 1 / 333 (kha) cattAri asthikAyA arUvikAyA paM0 taM0 jIvatthikAe.... / --sthAnAGga 4 / 1 / 314 - uttarAdhyayana 28 / 11 - zrAcArAMga 6 / 1 / 333

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21 adhyAtmavAda : eka adhyayana halkA hai, na bhArI hai / kyoMki laghutA gurutA jar3a ke dharma haiM ! vaha na strI hai, na puruSa hai, 14 kyoMki ye zarIrAzrita upAdhiyAM haiN| vaha anAdi hai, anidhana hai, avinAzI hai, akSaya hai, dhruva aura nitya hai / " vaha pahale bhI thA, aba bhI hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI rahegA; " tInoM kAloM meM bhI vaha jIva rUpa meM hI vidyamAna rahatA hai / jIva kabhI jIva nahIM hotA" loka meM jIva aura prajIva zAzvata hai / " AtmA 14. 15. 16. 17. (kha) jIvatthikAe gaM avanne, agaMdhe, arase, aphAse, arUvI.... bhAvato avanne, agandhe, arase, aphAse, arUvI, --sthAnAGga 5 / 2 / 530 (ga) jIvatthikAe gaM bhaMte ! kativanne, katigaMdhe, katirase, katiphAse ? gomA ! avaNe jAva arUvI / - bhagavatI 20110 se Na dIhe, Na hasse, Na vaha e, Na tase, Na cauraMse, Na parimaMDale, Na kiNhe, Na NIle, Na lohie, Na hAlidda e, Na sukkille, Na surahigandhe, Na durahigandhe, Na titta e, Na kaDue, Na kasAe, Na aMbile, Na mahure, Na kakkhaDe, Na maue, Na garue, Na lahue, Na sIe, Na uNhe, Na Niddha e, Na lukkhe, Na kAU, Na rUhe, Na saMge, Na itthI, Na purise, Na annahA, pari saNNe | jIvo aNAianidhano aviNAsI akkhao dhuo NiccaM / - zrAcArAMga 3|1 / 331 -bhagavatI kAlao Na kayAi NAsI, na kayAi na bhavai, na kayAi na bhavissaitti bhuvi bhavai ya bhavissai ya dhuva Nitie sAsae akkhae avvae aTTie Nicce | ThANAGga 5 / 3 / 530 (kha) bhagavatI 1 / 4 / 41 Na evaM bhUyaM vA bhavvaM vA bhavissai vA jaM jIvA ajIvA bhavissanti ajIvA vA jIvA bhavissanti / 18. ke sAsayA loe ? jIvacceva ajIvacceva / -ThANAGga 10 / 1 / 631 -ThANAGga 2 / 4 / 151

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dharma aura darzana jJAna maya asaMkhya pradezoM kA piNDa hai / vaha arUpa hai, etadartha netroM se dekhA nahIM jAtA, kintu cetanA guNoM se usakA astitva jAnA jA sakatA hai| vaha vANI dvArA pratipAdya aura tarka dvArA gamya nahIM hai / 20 gaNadhara gautama ke prazna ke uttara meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne anekAnta kI bhASA meM prAtmA ko jahA~ nitya balAyA hai, vahA~ anitya bhI batAyA hai| eka samaya kI bAta hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke caraNAravindoM meM gautama svAmI aae| vandanA karake vinamra bhAva se bole-bhagavan ! jIva nitya hai yA anitya hai ? bhagavAn bole-gautama ! jIva nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhii| gautama-bhagavan ! yaha kisa hetu se kahA gayA ki jIka nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhI ! bhagavAn gautama ! dravya kI apekSA se nitya hai aura paryAya kI apekSA se anitya hai / 21 abhiprAya yaha hai ki jIvatva kI dRSTi se jIva zAzvata hai| apane mUla dravya ke rUpa meM usakI sattA kAlika hai| atItakAla meM jIva thA, vartamAna meM hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI rahegA, kyoMki sat padArtha kabhI asat nahIM hotA / isa prakAra dravyataH nitya hone para bhI jIva paryAyataH anitya hai, kyoMki paryAya kI dRSTi se vaha sadA parivartanazIla hai| jIva vividha gatiyoM meM, vibhinna avasthAoM meM pariNata hotA rahatA hai| jaise sone ke kuNDala, mukuTa, hAra Adi aneka AbhUSaNa banane para bhI, nAma aura rUpa meM antara par3a jAne para bhI sonA-sonA hI rahatA 16. apayassa payaM Natthi / -prAcArAMga 631332 20. savve sarA NiyaTTanti, takkA jattha Na vijjai / maI tattha Na gAhitA".. / -pAcArAMga 6 / 1 / 330 21. bhagavatI, zataka 7, udda0 2

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adhyAtmavAda : eka adhyayana hai, vaise hI vividha yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karate hue jIva ke paryAya badalate haiM-rUpa aura nAma badalate haiM-magara jIva dravya vahI rahatA hai| jIvana meM sukha aura duHkha kisa kAraNa se paidA hote haiM ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-AtmA hI apane sukha aura duHkha kA kartA hai, aura bhoktA hai / 22 aAtmA hI apane kRta karmoM ke anusAra vividha gatiyoM meM paribhramaNa karatA hai23 aura apane hI puruSArtha se karmaparamparA kA uccheda kara siddha, buddha aura mukta banatA hai|24 jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, AtmA kA koI prAkAra nahI hai, kintu sakarmaka AtmA kisI na kisI zarIra ke sAtha hI rahatI hai, ataeva prApta zarIra kA AkAra hI usakA AkAra ho jAtA hai / isa kAraNa jaina darzana meM prAtmA ko kAyaparimita mAnA gayA hai / prAtmA svabhAvataH asaMkhyAta pradezI hai, aura usake pradeza saMkoca-vikAsazIla hote haiM / ataeva vaha karmodaya ke anusAra jo zarIra use prApta hotA hai, usI meM usake samasta pradezoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra na pAtmA zarIra ke eka bhAga meM rahatI hai, na zarIra ke bAhara hotI hai aura na sarvavyApI hai| alabattA kevalIsamudghAta ke samaya usake pradeza samasta loka meM vyApta ho jAte haiM, isa apekSA se use lokavyApaka kahA jA sakatA hai / 25 magara ekasamayabhAvI usa avasthA kI vivakSA nahIM karake prAtmA zarIrapramANa hI mAnI jAtI hai| 22. uttarA0 20 / 37 23. jamiNaM jagaI puDho jagA, kammehiM luppanti pANiNo / sayameva kaDehi gAhai, no tassa muccejja'puTThayaM / / -sUtrakRtAGga 12 / 1 / 4 24. jaha ya parihINa-kammA siddhA siddhAlayamuveti / -propapAtika 25. dravyasaMgraha, brahmadevakRta TIkA 10

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dharma aura darzana jaise dIpaka ko eka ghar3e ke nIce rakha diyA jAya to usakA prakAza ghar3e meM samA jAtA hai| usI dIpaka ko yadi kisI vizAla kamare meM rakha deM to vahI prakAza phailakara usa kamare ko vyApta kara letA hai aura yadi khule AkAza meM rakha deM to aura bhI adhika kSetra ko avagAhana kara letA hai, usI taraha prAtmapradezoM kA saMkoca aura vistAra hotA hai / yaha anubhavasiddha hai ki zarIra meM jahA~ kahIM coTa lagatI hai vahA~ sarvatra duHkha anubhava hotA hai| zarIra se bAhara kisI bhI vastu ko kATane para duHkha anubhava nahIM hotaa| yadi zarIra se bAhara AtmA hotA to avazya hI duHkha hotA; ataH prAtmA sarvavyApI na hokara dehapramANa hI hai / 26 __gautama ne jijJAsA vyakta kI-bhagavan / jIva saMkhyAta haiM, asaMkhyAta haiM yA ananta hai ? bhagavAn ne samAdhAna kiyA-gautama ? jIva ananta haiM / 27 ____ jIvoM kI saMkhyA kabhI nyUnAdhika hotI hai yA avasthita rahatI hai ? isa prazna kA uttara dete hue bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA-gautama ! jIva kabhI kama aura kabhI adhika nahIM hote kintu avasthita rahate haiM / 24 arthAt jIva saMkhyA kI dRSTi se sadA ananta rahate haiM / 29 ananta hone 26: sdehprinnaamo| -dravyasaMgraha jIvadavvA NaM bhante ! kiM saMkhejjA, asaMkhejjA, aNaMtA ? goyamA ! no saMkhejjA, no asaMkhejjA, arnnNtaa| -bhagavatI 25 // 21716 (kha) ke aNaMtA loe ? jIvacceva ajIvacceva / -ThANAGga 2 / 4 / 151 28. bhante tti bhagavaM goyame jAva evaM vayAsI-jIvANaM bhante ! kiM vaDDhanti hAyanti, avaTThiyA? goyamA ! jIvA No vaDDhaMti no hAyanti avtttthiyaa| jIvANaM bhante kevaiyaM kAlaM avaTThiyA (vi) ? savvaddha / -bhagavatI zA221 26. davvao NaM jIvatyikAe aNaMtAI jiivdvvaaii| -bhagavatI 2 / 10 / 117

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adhyAtmavAda : eka adhyayana 25 para bhI sabhI AtmAe~ cetana aura asaMkhyAta pradezI haiM, ataH eka haiM 30 kSetra kI dRSTi se jIva lokaparimita hai / jahA~ loka hai vahA~ jIva hai / jahAM taka jIva hai vahA~ taka loka hai / 3" AtmA pracchedya hai, abhedya hai, use agni jalA nahIM sakatI, zastra kATa nahIM sakatA / 2 jIva kadApi vilaya ko prApta nahIM hotA / yaha eka parakhA huA siddhAnta hai ki astitva astitva meM pariNamana karatA hai aura nAstitva nAstitva meM pariNamana karatA hai | 33 dravya se astitva vAn jIva bhaviSya meM nAstitva meM pariNamana nahIM kara sakatA / 30. 31. 32. 33. (kha) davvao gaM. jIvatthikAe araNaMtAI davvAi' / ege AyA / - ThANAGga 101 jAva tAva loge tAva tAva jIvA, jAva tAva jIvA tAva tAva loe / --ThANAGga 10|e31 se na chijjai na bhijjai na ujjhai na hammai kaMcaraNaM savvaloe / - AcArAMga 1 / 3 / 3 (kha) aha bhaMte ! kumbhe kumbhAvaliyA gohe gohAvaliyA goNe goNAvaliyA masse maragussAvaliyA mahise mahilAvaliyA, eesi gaM duhA vA tihA vA saMkhejjahA vA chinnANaM je antarA tevi gaM tehiM jIvapaesehiM phuDA ? hantA phuDA / purise NaM bhaMte ! (jaM aMtaraM) te antare hattheNa vA pAeNa vA aMguliyA vA salAgAe vA kaTTa eNa vA kaliceNa vA AmusamAge vA saMmusamANe vA AlihamAraNe vA vilihamAraNe vA annayareNa vA tikkheNaM satthajAeNaM AcchindamANe vA vicchindamAraNe vA afratri vA samoshamANe tesi jIvapaesAraNaM kiMci AbAhaM vA vivAhaM vA uppAyai chavicchedaM vA karei ? No tiTTa e samaTTha e, no khalu tattha satthaM saMkamai / " -ThANAGgaH 5 / 3 / 530 - - bhagavatI 8 / 3 / 324 natthitta natthitta - bhagavatI 1 / 3 / 32 se pUNaM bhante ! atthitta atthitta pariNamai, pariNamai ? hantA goyamA ! jAva pariNamai /

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26 dharma aura darzana jaise dUdha aura pAnI bahirdRSTi se eka pratIta hote haiM vaise hI saMsArI dazA meM jIva aura zarIra eka lagate haiM, para ve pRthakpRthak haiM / vAdideva sUri ne saMkSepa meM sAMsArika AtmA kA svarUpa isa prakAra batAyA hai / "AtmA pratyakSAdi pramANoM se siddha hai / vaha caitanyasvarUpa hai, pariNAmI hai, karmoM kA karttA hai / sukha-duHkha kA sAkSAt bhoktA hai, svadehaparimANa hai, pratyeka zarIra meM bhinna hai, paugalika karmoM se yukta hai| '34 prastuta paribhASA meM jaina darzana sammata AtmA kA pUrNarUpa A gayA hai / AtmA ke svatantra astitva kI siddhi ke lie zrI jinabhadra garaNI ne vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM vistAra se anya dArzanikoM ke tarkoM kA khaNDana kara AtmA kI saMsiddhi kI hai / vistAra bhaya se vaha sArI carcA yahA~ nahIM kI jA rahI hai / pAThakoM ko mUla grantha dekhanA cAhie / 35 jaina zrAgama sAhitya meM bhI yathAprasaMga nAstika darzana kA ullekha kara usakA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / sUtrakRtAGga meM anya matoM kA nirdeza karate hue nAstikoM ke sambandha meM kahA hai - "kucha loga kahate haiM - pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, prakAza - ye pA~ca mahAbhUta haiM / ina pA~ca mahAbhUtoM ke yoga se zrAtmA utpanna hotA hai aura inake vinAza va viyoga se AtmA bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai / 34. 35. 36. pramAtA pratyakSAdiprasiddha AtmA / caitanyasvarUpaH pariNAmI kartA sAkSAd bhoktA svadehaparimANaH pratikSetraM bhinnaH paudgalikAdRSTavAMzcAyam / - pramANanayatattvAloka 7155-56 vizeSAvazyakabhASya | santi paMca mahabbhUyA, ihamegesimAhiyA / puDhavI prAu teuvA, vAu AgAsa paMcamA | ee paMca mahabbhUyA, tebbho egotti AhiyA / aha tesi viNAseNaM, viNAso hoi dehiNo // -- sUtrakRtAGga zra0 1 / gAthA 7-8

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adhyAtmavAda : eka adhyayana AcArya zIlAGka ne prastuta gAthAoM kI vRtti meM likhA haibhUtasamudAya kAThinya Adi dharmoM vAle haiM / unakA guraNa caitanya nahIM hai / pRthak-pRthak guraNa vAle padArthoM ke samudAya se kisI apUrva guNa vAle padArtha kI niSpatti nahIM hotI / jaise rUkSa bAlukaraNoM ke samudAya se snigdha tela kI utpatti nahIM hotI, vaise hI caitanya guNa vAlI AtmA kI jar3atva dharma vAle bhUtoM se utpatti honA sambhava nahIM / 37 bhinna guNa vAle pA~ca bhUtoM ke saMyoga se cetanAguraNa kI niSpatti nahIM hotI / yaha pratyakSa hai ki pA~coM indriyA~ apane-apane viSaya kA hI parijJAna karatI haiM / eka indriya dvArA jAne hue viSaya ko dUsarI indriya nahIM jAnatI, kintu pA~coM indriyoM ke jAne hue viSaya ko samaSTi rUpa se anubhUti karAne vAlA dravya koI bhinna hI honA cAhie aura use hI zrAtmA kahate haiM 13 27 isa prakAra AtmA ke sambandha meM jaina darzana ke maulika aura spaSTa vicAra hai / bauddha dRSTi : mahAtmA buddha ne sAMsArika viSayAsakti se dUra rahakara AtmagaveSaNA aura Atma-zAnti kA upadeza diyA hai| unhoMne kahA - AtmadIpa hokara vihAra karo, AtmazaraNa, ananyazaraNa hI raho"prattadIpA viharatha, attasararaNA anaJJasaraNA" 13 unakI dRSTi se jo 37. bhUtasamudAyaH svAtantrye sati dharmitvenopAdIyate na tasya cetanAkhyo guNo'stIti sAdhyo dharmaH, pRthivyAdInAmanyaguNatvAt / yo yo'nyaguNAnAM samudAyastatrA'pUrva guNotpattirna bhavatIti / yathA sikatAsamudAye snigdha guNasya tailasya notpattiriti, ghaTapaTasamudAye vA na stambhAdayo vibhAvA iti, dRzyate ca kAryaMcaitanyaM tadAtmaguNo bhaviSyati na bhUtAnAmiti / 38. paMcanhaM saMjoge aNNaguNANaM na ceyaNAI guNo hoi / paMcindiya ThANAraNaM sA aNNamuriNayaM muNaI aNNo // - sUtrakRtAGga - zolAMkavRtti 36. dIghanikAya 3 | 3|1 - sUtrakRtAGgaH vRtti

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dharma aura darzana nirmohI hai vahIM akSaya AdhyAtmika Ananda kA adhikArI hai / aura vaha sukha binA kAma-sukha tyAge prApta nahIM ho sktaa| kAmasukha hIna aura anArya hai| jaba taka usakA parityAga nahIM kiyA jAtA, usa para vijaya prApta nahIM kI jAtI, taba taka prAdhyAtmika Ananda kA anubhava nahIM hotaa|41 AdhyAtmika sukhAnubhUti hone ke pazcAt punaH prANI kisI sAMsArika sukhatRSNA meM nahIM par3a sktaa| yaha prAdhyAmika sukha samrAToM ke aura devatAoM ke sukha se bar3hakara hai / 42 prAtmazaraNa kI prabala preraNA dene para bhI bauddha darzana prAtmA ke sambandha meM eka nirAlI dRSTi rakhatA hai / vaha kisI dRSTi se AtmavAdI hai aura kisI dRSTi se anAtmavAdo bhI hai| eka ora puNya, pApa, punarjanma, karma, svarga, naraka, mokSa ko svIkArane ke kAraNa prAtmavAdI hai to dUsarI ora AtmA ke astitva ko satya nahIM kintu kAlpanika saMjJA mAnane ke kAraNa anAtmavAdI hai| mahAtmA buddha ne anAtmavAda kA upadeza diyA hai| isakA artha AtmA jaise padArtha kA sarvathA niSedha nahIM hai, kintu upaniSadoM meM jo 40. to kyA mAnate ho mAgandiya ! kyA tumane kabhI dekhA yA sUnA hai kisI ko viSaya bhogoM se lipta viSayoM ko binA chor3e, kAma dAha binA tyAge, kAma sRSNA binA chor3e, pipAsArahita hokara apane andara zAnti anubhava karate hue ? nahIM, bho gautama ! sAdhu mAgandiya ! maiMne bhI nahIM dekhA na sunaa| -majjhima ni0 (mAgandiya suttanta,) 2 / 3 / 5 41. majjhima nikAya 1 / 4 / 8 (mhaatnnhaasNkhy-suttnt)| 42. yathA hi rAjA rajjasukhaM devatA divvaM sukhaM anubhavanti evaM ariyA ariyaM lokuttaraM sukhaM anubhavissAmIti icchaticcha takkhaNe phalasamApatti samApajjanti / -visuddhimagga 38

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adhyAtmavAda : eka adhyayana 26 zAzvata, adva eta AtmA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai aura use saMsAra kA eka mAtra maulika tattva mAnA hai, usakA khaNDana hai / yadyapi cArvAka kI taraha buddha bhI anAtmavAdI haiM kintu buddha pudgala, AtmA, jIva citta prAdi ko eka svatantra vastu mAnate haiM jabaki cArvAkadarzana cAra yA pA~ca bhUtoM se samutpanna hone vAlI paratantra vastu mAnate haiM / mahAtmA buddha bhI jIva, pudgala, athavA citta ko aneka kAraNoM se samutpanna mAnate haiM aura isa dRSTi se vaha paratantra bhI hai, kintu isa utpatti meM jo mUla kAraNa haiM unameM vijJAna aura vijJAnetara donoM prakAra ke kAraNa rahate haiM, jabaki cArvAka darzana meM caitanya kI utpatti meM caitanya se atirikta bhUta hI kAraNa hai, caitanya nahIM / sArAMza yaha hai ki bhUtoM ke sadRza vijJAna bhI eka mUla tattva hai, jo 'buddha kI dRSTi se janya aura nitya hai kintu cArvAka bhUtoM ke atirikta vijJAna ko mUla tattva nahIM mAnate / caitanya vijJAna kI saMtati-dhArA ko buddha anAdi mAnate haiM kintu cArvAka nahIM / 43 mahAtmA buddha kA mantavya thA ki janma, jarA, maraNa Adi kisI sthAyI dhruva jIva ke nahIM hote, kintu ve sabhI viziSTa kAraNoM se samutpanna hote haiM / arthAt janma, jarA, maraNa ina sabakA astitva to hai, kintu usakA sthAyI AdhAra ve svIkAra nahIM karate / 44 jahA~ unheM cArvAka kA dehAtmavAda svIkAra nahIM hai vahA~ upaniSad kA zAzvata Atma svarUpa bhI amAnya hai / unake mantavyAnusAra AtmA zarIra se atyanta bhinna bhI nahIM hai aura na zarIra se prabhinna hI hai / cArvAka darzana ekAnta bhautikavAdI hai, upaniSadoM kI vicAra dhArA ekAnta kUTastha grAtmavAdI hai, kintu buddha kA mArga madhyama mArga hai / jise bauddha darzana meM pratItyasamutpAda - amuka vastu kI apekSA se amuka vastu utpanna huI - kahA hai / 43. 44. Atma-mImAMsA - paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA pR0 28 kA sArAMza | saMyukta nikAya 12 - 26 / (kha) aMguttaranikAya 3, (ga) dIghanikAya, brahmajAlasutta', (gha) saMyuttanikAya 12 / 17 / 24 (Ga) visuddhimagga 17 / 166-174

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30 dharma aura darzana jaba kabhI bhI mahAtmA buddha se prAtmA ke sambandha meM kisI jijJAsu ne prazna kiyA taba usakA uttara na dekara ve mauna rahe haiN| mauna rahane kA kAraNa pUchane para unhoMne kahA-yadi maiM kahU~ ki AtmA hai to loga zAzvatavAdI bana jAte haiM aura yadi kahU~ ki AtmA nahIM hai to loga ucchedavAdI ho jAte haiM, etadartha una donoM ke niSedha ke lie maiM mauna rahatA huuN|45 eka sthAna para nAgArjuna likhate haiM-"buddha ne yaha bhI kahA hai ki prAtmA hai aura yaha bhI kahA hai ki prAtmA nahIM hai / buddha ne AtmA anAtmA kisI kA bhI upadeza nahIM diyaa| AtmA kyA hai ? kahA~ se AyA hai aura kahA~ jAyegA ? ina praznoM ke uttara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne spaSTatA se pradAna kiye haiN| unakA uttara dete samaya buddha ne upekSA pradarzita kI hai aura unheM avyAkRta kahakara chor3a diyA hai| ve mukhyataH duHkha aura duHkha nirodha, ina do tattvoM para prakAza DAlate haiN| unhoMne apane priya ziSya ko kahA-"tIra se vyathita vyakti ke ghAva ko ThIka karane kI bAta vicAranI cAhie / tIra kahA~ se AyA hai ? kisane mArA hai ? ise kisane banAyA hai ? mArane vAle kA raMga rUpa kaisA hai ? Adi Adi prazna karanA nirarthaka hai|" bauddha darzana meM Atma tattva ke lie pRthak-pRthak sthaloM para kahIM mukhya rUpa se aura kahIM gauNa rUpa se aneka zabda vyavahRta hue haiN| jaise ki puggala, purisa, satta, jIva, citta, mana, vijJAna, nAma rUpa Adi / 48 45. astIti zAzvatagrAhI, nAstItyucchedadarzanam / tasmAdastitva-nAstitve; nAzrIyeta vicakSaNaH / / -mAdhyamika kArikA 18 / 10 46: Atmetyapi prajJApita-manAtmetyapi dezitam / buddha tmiA na cAnAtmA, kazcidityapi dezitam / / -mAdhyamika kArikA 166 (ka) milinda prazna 2 / 25-33 pR0 41-52 (kha) nyAyAvatAravArtika vRtti kI prastAvanA pR0 6 (ga) majjhimanikAya, cUlamAlukya sutta 63 48. sabbe sattA averA""sabbe pANA"sabbe bhUtA""sabbe pugglaa""| -paTasaMbhidA 21130 47

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adhyAtmavAda : eka adhyayana laukika dRSTi se AtmA kI sattA hai; jo vijJAna vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura rUpa-ina pA~ca skandhoM kA saMghAtamAtra hai kintu pAramArthika rUpa se prAtmA nahIM hai / 49 "milinda prazna" meM bhadaMta nAgasena aura rAjA milinda kA saMvAda hai| rAjA milinda ke prazna ke uttara meM bhadanta nAgasena ne batAyA ki pudgala kA astitva keza, dA~ta prAdi zarIra ke avayavoM tathA rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA saMskAra, vijJAna ina sabakI apekSA se hai, kintu pAramArthika tatva nahIM haiM / 50 saMkSepa meM yadi kahanA cAheM to bauddhadarzana AtmA ko sthAyI nahIM, kintu cetanA kA pravAhamAtra mAnatA hai| dIpazikhA ke rUpaka se prastuta kathana kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| jaise dIpaka kI jyoti jagamagA rahI hai| kintu jo lau pUrva kSaNa meM hai, vaha dvitIya kSaNa meM nhiiN| tela pravAha rUpa meM jala rahA hai, lau usake jalane kA pariNAma hai, pratipala, pratikSaNa vaha naI utpanna ho rahI hai kintu usakA bAhya rUpa usI prakAra sthitizIla padArtha ke rUpa meM dRSTigocara ho rahA hai| bauddhadarzana ke anusAra prAtmA ke sambandha meM bhI ThIka yahI sthiti caritArtha hotI hai / spaSTa hai ki bauddha-darzana anAtmavAdI hote hue bhI AtmavAdI hai| vaidika dRSTi : upaniSad Adi paravartI sAhitya meM jisa prakAra prAtma-mImAMsA kI gaI hai vaisI mImAMsA vedoM meM nahIM hai / kaThopaniSad meM naciketA kA eka madhura prasaMga hai| bAlaka naciketA ke pitA RSi vAjazravas ne bhISma pratijJA grahaNa kI ki "maiM sarvasva dAna duuNgaa|" pratijJAnusAra saba kucha dAna de diyA / bAlaka naciketA ne vicAra kiyA-pitA ne anya vastueM to dAna de dI haiM para abhI taka mujhe dAna meM kyoM nahIM diyA ? usane pitA se pUchA-Apa (kha) vizuddhimagga, 6 / 16 46. milinda prazna 50. milinda prazna 2 / 4 / sU0 268 /

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dharma aura darzana mujhe kisako dAna de rahe haiM ? pitA mauna rhe| usane punaH vahI prazna doharAyA, phira bhI pitA kA mauna bhaMga nahIM hmaa| tRtIya bAra kahane para pitA ko krodha A gayA aura usane jhuMjhalA kara kahAjA tujhe yamarAja ko diyaa| bAlaka naciketA yama ke ghara phuNcaa| yamarAja ghara para nahIM the| vaha bhUkhA aura pyAsA tIna dina taka yamarAja ke dvAra para baiThakara unakI pratIkSA karatA rhaa| yamarAja aaye| bAlaka kI bhadratA para ve mugdha ho gaye / tIna vara mAMgane ke lie khaa| naciketA ne tIsarA vara mA~gA- mRtyu ke pazcAt kucha kahate haiM mAnava kI AtmA kA astitva hai, kucha kahate haiM nahIM hai, satya tathya kyA hai ; yaha Apa mujhe batAyeM-yahI merA tRtIya vara hai / yamarAja ne anya vara mA~gane kI preraNA dI, para naciketA apane kathana se tanika bhI vicalita nahIM huA / usane kahA-mujhe vahI vidhi batAiye, jisase amaratA prApta ho| yamarAja ne kahA-ta isa Atma-vidyA ke lie prAgraha na kara, isakA jJAna honA sAdhAraNa bAta nahIM hai| devatA bhI isa viSaya meM sandehazIla rahe haiM / 52 para naciketA kI tIvra jijJAsA se yamarAja ne prasanna hokara Atmasiddhi kA sUkSma rahasya use btaayaa| Atma-vidyA va yogavidhi ko pAkara naciketA ko brahmAnanda anubhava huA / usakA rAga-dveSa naSTa ho gyaa| isI prakAra jo Atma-tattva ko pAkara AcaraNa kareMge ve bhI amaratA ko prApta kreNge| 51. yeyaM prete vicikitsA manuSye, __ astItyeke nAyamastIti caike / etadvidyAmanuziSTastvayAhaM varANAmeSa varastRtIyaH / / -kaThopaniSat 1-20 52. devairatrApi vicikitsitaM purA, nahi suvijJeyaM aNureSa dharmaH / -kaThopaniSat 1121 53. mRtyuproktAM naciketo'tha labdhvA, vidyAmetAM yogavidhiM ca kRtsnam /

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adhyAtmavAda : eka adhyayana caraka ke anusAra agniveza ke prazna ke uttara meM punarvasu ne grAtmatattva kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / 14 chAndogya upaniSad meM maharSi nArada aura sanatkumAra kA saMvAda hai / sanatkumAra ke pUchane para nArada ne kahA -- veda, purANa, itihAsa Adi sabhI vidyAnoM kA adhyayana karane para bhI prAtmasvarUpa na pahacAnane se maiM zoka-grasta hU~, grataH AtmajJAna pradAna kIjiye, aura cintAoM se mukta kIjiye / ' 35 bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM yAjJavalkya RSi se maitreyI ne bhI AtmavidyA kA jJAna prApta karane kI jijJAsA vyakta kI / 16 upaniSad ke RSiyoM ne kahA hai-- AtmA hI darzanIya hai, zravaNIya hai, mananIya hai aura dhyAna kiye jAne yogya hai / 57 manusmRti ke raciyatA AcArya manu kahate haiM - 'saba jJAnoM meM Atma-jJAna hI zreSTha hai / sabhI vidyAoM meM vahI parA vidyA hai, jisase mAnava ko amRta (mokSa) prApta hotA hai / 58 brahmaprAptau 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 33 virajo'bhUd vimRtyu - ranyo'pyevaM yo vidadhyAtmameva // ityagnivezasya vacaH zrutvA matimatAM varaH / sarvaM yathAvat provAca prazAntAtmA punarvasuH || - caraka saMhitA, zarIra sthAna, zra0 1, zlo0 15 chAndogyopaniSad, prapAThaka 7 khaNDa 1 yenAhaM nAmRtAsyAM kiM tena kuryAm ? tadeva bhagavAn veda tadeva me brUhi // -- bahadAraNyopaniSad AtmA vAre draSTavyaH zrotavyo mantavyo nididhyAsitavyaH / sarveSAmapi caiteSAmAtmajJAnaM paraM smRtam / taddhayagrayaM sarvavidyAnAM prApyate hyamRtaM tataH / / kaThopaniSat 6 / 18 - bRhadAraNyopaniSad 2 / 4 / 5 - manusmRti zra0 12

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34 dharma aura darzana AtmA zarIra se vilakSaNa hai|59 vaha vANI dvArA agamya hai / 60 na vaha sthUla hai, na hrasva hai, na virATa hai, na aNu hai, na aruNa hai, na drava hai, na chAyA hai, na andhakAra hai, na havA hai, na AkAza hai, na saMga hai, na rasa hai, na gaMdha hai, na netra hai, na karNa hai, na vANI hai, na mana hai, na teja hai, na prAraNa hai, na mukha hai, na mApa hai, usameM na antara hai, na bAhara hai|61 upaniSadoM meM AtmA ke parimAraNa kI vibhinna kalpanAe~ milatI haiN| chAndogyopaniSad meM batAyA hai-"yaha merI AtmA antarhRdaya meM rahatI hai / yaha cAvala se, jau se, sarasoM se, zyAmAka (sA~vA) nAmaka dhAna yA usake cAvala se bhI laghu hai / "62 bRhadAraNyaka meM kahA hai--"yaha puruSa rUpI AtmA manomaya bhAsvAn tathA satya rUpI hai aura usa antarhRdaya meM aisI rahatI hai jaise cAvala yA jau kA dAnA ho / 63 kaThopaniSad meM kahA hai-"AtmA aMgaThe jitanI bar3I hai / aMgaThe jitanA vaha puruSa AtmA ke madhya meM rahatA hai|"64 56. na hanyate hanyamAne zarIre.... -kaThopaniSat 1-2 // 15 // 18 60. yato vAco nivartante / aprApya manasA saha / --taittirIya upaniSad 2 / 4 asthUlamanaNvahrasvamadIrghamalohitamasnehamacchAyamatamo'vAyvanAkAzamasaGgamarasamagandhama ckssusskmshrotrmvaagmno'tejskmpraannmmukhmmaatrmnntrmbaahym....| -bRhadAraNyopaniSad 3 / 8 / 8 62. eSa ma AtmAntahRdaye'NIyAntrIhervA yavAdvA sarSapAdvA zyAmAkAdvA zyAmAkataNDulAdvA / - chAndogyopaniSad 3314 / 3 63. manomayo'yaM puruSo bhAH satyastesminnantahRdaye yathA vrIhi rvA yavo vA / ___-- bRhadAraNyaka upa0 5 / 6 / 1 64. aMguSThamAtraH puruSo madhya Atmani tiSThati / " -kaThopaniSat 2 / 4 / 12

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adhyAtmavAda : eka adhyayana kauSItakI upaniSad meM kahA hai-yaha AtmA zarIra-vyApI hai / 65 taittirIya upaniSad ne pratipAdita kiyA hai--annamaya, prANamaya, manomaya, vijJAnamaya, Anandamaya-ye sabhI AtmAe~ zarIrapramANa hai|66 ___ muNDakopaniSad Adi meM prAtmA ko vyApaka mAnA gayA hai / 67 "hRdaya kamala ke bhItara yaha merA aAtmA pRthvI, antarikSa, dyaloka athavA ina saba lokoM kI apekSA bar3A hai / "68 __gItA ke anusAra-AtmA ko zastra cheda nahIM sakate, agni jalA nahIM sakatI, pAnI gIlA nahIM kara sakatA aura havA sUkhA nahIM sakatI hai .69 jaise mAnava jIrNa-zIrNa vastra ko utArakara navIna vastroM ko dhAraNa karatA hai, vaise hI yaha prAtmA bho jIrNa zarIra kA parityAga kara navIna zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA hai| 66. 65. eSa prajJAtmA idaM zarIramanupraviSTaH / -kauSItako upaniSad 35 / 4 / 20 taittirIya upaniSad 1 / 2 67. sarvagatam / -muNDakopaniSad 1 / 116 (kha) vaizeSika darzana 7 / 1 / 22 (ga) nyAyamaMjarI pR0 468 (gha) prakaraNa paM0 pR0 158 (Ga) IzAvAsyamidaM sarva, yat kiJca jagatyAM jagat / --IzAvAsya upa0 68. eSa ma AtmAntara hRdaye jyAyAn pRthivyA, jyAyAnantarikSA jyAyAn divo jyAyAnebhyo lokebhyaH / -chAndogya upa0 3 // 14 // 3 66. nainaM chindanti zastrANi, nainaM dahati pAvakaH / na cainaM kledayantyApo, na zoSayati mArutaH / / gItA, adhyAya 2 / 23 70. vAsAMsi jIrNAni yathA vihAya, navAni gRhNAti naro'parANi /

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36 dharmada __ vaidika saMskRti meM hI naiyAyika, naizeSika, sAMkhya, mImAMsaka aura yoga ina darzanoM kA samAveza hotA hai| ye sabhI darzana prAtmA ko svIkAra karate haiM aura AtmA, mokSa Adi kI svatantra paribhASAe~ prastuta karate haiN| __ naiyAyika va vaizeSika darzana kA mantavya hai ki prAtmA ekAnta nitya aura sarvavyApI hai / icchA, dveSa, prayatna, sukha-duHkha Adi ke rUpa meM jo parivartana parilakSita hotA hai, vaha AtmA ke guNoM meM hai, svayaM prAtmA meM nhiiN| prAtmA ke guNa prAtmA se bhinna haiM, inase hama AtmA kA astitva jAnate haiN| sAMkhya darzana prAtmA ko kUTastha nitya mAnatA hai| usake matAnusAra AtmA sadA-sarvadA ekarUpa rahatA hai| usameM parivartana nahIM hotaa| saMsAra aura mokSa bhI AtmA ke nahIM, pratyuta prakRti ke haiM " sukha-duHkha aura jJAna bhI prakRti ke dharma haiM, AtmA ke nhiiN| AtmA to sthAyo, anAdi, ananta, avikArI nitya citsvarUpa aura niSkriya hai| 3 sAMkhya dRSTi se AtmA kartA nahIM, kintu phala kA bhoktA hai / 4 kartRtva prakRti meM hai|5 mImAMsaka darzana ke anusAra prAtmA eka hai, kintu dehAdi kI tathA zarIrANi vihAya jIrNA nyanyAni saMyAti navAni dehI / / -gItA 2022 71. sAMkhyakArikA 62 72. sAMkhyakArikA 11 73. amUrtazcetano bhogI, nityaH sarvagato'kriyaH / akartA niguNaH sUkSmaH AtmA kapiladarzane / / -SaDdarzanasamuccaya 74. sAMkhyakArikA 17 75. prakRteH kriyamANAni, guNaiH karmANi sarvazaH / ahaMkAravimUDhAtmA, kartA'hamiti manyate / -gItA 3 / 27

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adhyAtmavAda : eka adhyayana vividhatA ke kAraNa vaha aneka pratIta hotA hai / " mImAMsaka kumArila ne AtmA ko nityAnitya mAnA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM, vaidika dArzanikoM ne bhI AtmA ke sambandha meM gahana cintana kiyA hai, kintu jaina-darzana jitanA gaMbhIra cintana ve nahIM kara pAye haiN| anekAnta dRSTi se jaina darzana ne AtmA kA sarvAGga vivecana kiyA hai / vaisA anyatra durlabha hai| uparyukta paMktiyoM meM jaina, bauddha, aura vaidika darzana-mAnya AtmA kI eka halkosI jhA~kI prastuta kI gaI hai| Adhunika vaijJAnika bhI AtmA ke maulika astitva ko svIkAra karane lage haiN| prophesara alabarTa AI sTIna ne, jo pAzcAtya dezoM meM saMsAra ke pratibhAsampanna vidvAna mAne gaye haiM, likhA hai- "maiM jAnatA haiM ki sArI prakRti meM cetanA kAma kara rahI hai|" inake atirikta anya aneka mUrdhanya vaijJAnikoM ke vicAra bhI mananIya haiM, para sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa unheM yahA~ udgha ta karanA sambhava nahIM hai| 76. eka eva hi bhUtAtmA, mUte mUte vyvsthitH| 77. tattvasaMgraha kA0 223-7 /

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tIna karmavAda - paryavekSaNa bhAratavarSa darzanoM kI janmasthalI hai, krIDAbhUmi hai / yahA~ kI puNya bhUmi para AdikAla se hI AdhyAtmika cintana kI, darzana kI vicAradhArA bahatI calI A rahI hai / nyAya, sAMkhya, vedAnta, vaizeSika, mImAMsaka, bauddha aura jaina prabhRti aneka darzanoM ne yahA~ janma grahaNa kiyA, ve khUba phale aura phUle / unakI vicAradhArAe~ himAlaya kI coTI se bhI adhika U~cI, samudra se bhI adhika gaharI aura grAkAza se bhI adhika vistRta haiM / bhAratIya darzana jIvana-darzana hai / kevala kamanIya kalpanA ke ananta gagana meM viharaNa karane kI apekSA yahA~ ke manISI dArzanikoM ne jIvana ke gambhIra va gahana praznoM para cintana, manana, vimarza karanA adhika upayukta samajhA / etadartha yahA~ AtmA, paramAtmA, loka, karma Adi tattvoM para gaharAI se cintana, manana va vivecana kiyA gayA hai| unhoMne apanI tapazcaryA evaM sUkSma kuzAgra buddhi ke sahAre tattva kA jo vizleSaNa kiyA hai vaha bhAratIya sabhyatA va dharma kA merudaNDa hai / isa virAT vizva meM bhArata ke mukha ko ujjvala - samujjvala rakhane meM, tathA mastiSka ko unnata rakhane meM brahmavettAoM kI yaha prAdhyAtmika sampadA sarvathA va sarvadA kAraNa rahI hai / mAnasika parAdhInatA ke paGka meM nimagna Adhunika bhAratIya pAzcAtya sabhyatA ke cAkacikya ke samakSa isa anupama vicAra rAzi kI bhale hI avahelanA kareM kintu unheM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki bhArata pratiprAcIna kAla se gauravazAlI deza rahA hai to apane dArzanika cintana ke kAraNa hI / vastutaH tattvajJAna se hI bhAratIya saMskRti va sabhyatA kI pratiSThA hai / I

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karmavAda-paryavekSaNa dArzanika vAdoM kI duniyA meM karmavAda kA apanA eka viziSTa sthAna hai| karmavAda ke marma ko samajhe vinA bhAratIya darzana vizeSataH AtmavAda kA yathArtha parijJAna nahIM ho sktaa| DAkTara hajArIprasAda dvivedI ke mantavyAnusAra "karmaphala kA siddhAnta bhAratavarSa kI apanI vizeSatA hai / punarjanma kA siddhAnta khojane kA prayatna anyAnya dezoM ke manISiyoM meM bhI pAyA jA sakatA hai, parantu isa karmaphala kA siddhAnta aura kahIM bhI nahIM miltaa|"1 ___ suprasiddha prAcya-vidyAvizArada kItha ne san 1606 kI rAyala eziyATika sosAyaTI kI patrikA meM eka bahuta hI vicAra pUrNa lekha likhA thA / usameM ve likhate haiM--"bhAratIyoM ke karma bandha kA siddhAnta nizcaya hI advitIya hai| saMsAra kI samasta jAtiyoM se unheM yaha siddhAnta alaga kara detA hai / jo koI bhI bhAratIya dharma aura sAhitya ko jAnanA cAhatA hai, vaha yaha ukta siddhAnta ko jAne binA agrasara nahIM ho sktaa|" karma zabda ke paryAyavAcI : Atmatattva ke sambandha meM vibhinna dArzanikoM kI vibhinna dhAraNAeM hone se karma ke svarUpa-vivecana meM bhI vibhinnatA honA svAbhAvika hai| tathApi yaha spaSTa hai ki sabhI Astika darzanoM ne punarjanma kI saMsiddhi ke lie kisI na kisI rUpa meM karma-siddhAnta ko svIkAra kiyA hai / sabhI darzanoM ke zabdoM meM antara hone para bhI usake AdhAra bhUta bhAva meM prAyaH samAnatA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne jise karma kahA hai, use vedAnta darzana ne avidyA, 1. azoka ke phUla-bhAratavarSa kI sAMskRtika samasyA : pR0 67, 2. azoka ke phUla, pR0 67 uttarAdhyayana a0 3331 (kha) sUtrakRtAGga 1 / 2 / 1 / 4 (ga) AcArAMga 12 / 2 / 5

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dharma aura darzana prakRti tathA mAyA kahA hai| bauddha darzana ne use vAsanA aura vijJapti kahA hai / " sAMkhya va yoga darzana use Azaya aura kleza kahate haiM / nyAya aura vaizeSika darzana ne use dharmAdharma, saMskAra aura dRSTa kahA hai| mImAMsakoM ne use apUrva kahA hai / " IsA mohammada ne use zaitAna kahA hai / karma zabda ke hI ye paryAyavAcI zabda haiM, jinheM dArzanikoM ne apane-apane granthoM meM uTTaGkita kiyA hai / karma kA svarUpa : aura mUsA 40 karma kA svarUpa kyA hai ? isa prazna kA uttara vibhinna vicArakoM vibhinna dRSTi se diyA hai / (gha) dazAzrutaskandha, (Ga) karmagrantha prathama gA0 1 4. brahmasUtra zAMkara bhASya 2 / 1 / 14 5. abhidharma koSa, caturtha pariccheda / 6. 7. yogadarzana bhASya 1-52 - 3 / 2-122-13 yogadarzana tattva vaizAradI | yogadarzana bhAsvatI TIkA / (gha) sAMkhyakArikA / (Da) sA~khya tattva kaumudI / 6. ( kha ) ( ga ) nyAya bhASya 1 / 1 / 2 ( kha ) nyAyasUtra 4 / 1 / 3-6 ( ga ) nyAyasUtra 1 / 1 / 17 (gha) nyAya maMjarI pR0 471 / 500 (Ga) evaM ca kSaNabhaMgitvAt, saMskAradvArikaH sthitaH / karmajanya saMskAro dharmAdharmagirocyate // 8. mImAMsA - sUtra - zAvara bhASya 20115 ( kha ) tantravArtika 2|15 ( ga ) zAstradIpikA pR0 80 bAibila kurAna zarIpha sa - nyAyamaMjarI pR0 472

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karmavAda-paryavekSaNa nyAya darzana adRSTa (karma) ko prAtmA kA guNa mAnatA hai aura usakA phala Izvara ke mAdhyama se AtmA ko prApta hotA hai| sAMkhya darzana karma ko prakRti kA vikAra mAnatA hai|" acchI-burI pravRttiyoM kA prakRti para saMskAra par3atA hai, usa prakRtigata saMskAra se hI karmoM ke phala prApta hote haiN| bauddha darzana cilagata vAsanA ko hI karma mAnatA hai / 2 vAsanA hI kArya kAraNa bhAva ke rUpa meM sukha-duHkha kA hetu banatI hai / mImAMsaka yajJa Adi kriyAoM ko hI karma kahatA hai / 3 paurANika mAnyatAnusAra vrata niyamAdi dhArmika anuSThAna karma haiN| vaiyAkaraNoM kI dRSTi se kartA jise apanI kriyA ke dvArA prApta karanA cAhatA hai vaha karma hai / gItA4 upaniSad Adi ne acche-bure kAryoM ko karma kahA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra karma kevala saMskAra mAtra nahIM hai, kintu eka svataMtra tattva hai / mithyAtva, avata, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga se jIva ke dvArA jo kiyA jAtA hai vaha karma hai / 5 arthAt prAtmA kI rAga dvaSAtmaka kriyA se AkAza pradezoM meM sthita anantAnanta karma yogya sUkSma pudgala cumbaka kI taraha AkRSTa hokara Atma pradezoM ke sAtha baddha ho jAte haiM, ve karma haiN| jaise garma lohapiNDa pAnI meM rakhane 10. IzvaraH kAraNaM puruSakarma phalasya darzanAt / -nyAyasUtra 41 11. antaHkaraNadharmatvaM dharmAdInAm / -~sAMkhyasUtra 5 / 25 12. abhidharma koSa, caturtha pariccheda 13. tantravArtika pR0 365-6 14. karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana / -bhagavadgItA pra0 4 zlo0 27 15. kIrai jIeNa heuhi, jeNa to bhaNNae kammaM / -karmagrantha, prathama, gA0 1 prAcArya devacandra, (kha) visaya kasAyahiM raMgiyaha~, je aNuyA laggati / jIva-paesaha mohiyaha~, te jiNa kAma bhaNaMti // -paramAtmaprakAza za62

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dharma aura darzana para cAroM ora ke pAnI ko khIMcatA hai, vaise hI AtmA bhI rAga dva eSa ke vazIbhUta hokara kArmaNajAtIya pudgaloM ko AkarSita karatA hai karma ke bheda : 42 karma ke mukhyataH do bheda haiM, dravya karma aura bhAva karma / sAMsArika jIva kA "rAgadveSAdimaya vaibhAvika pariNAma bhAva karma haiM, aura una vaibhAvika pariNAmoM se AtmA meM jo 'kArmaNa vargaraNA' ke pudgala sarvAtmanA cipakate haiM, ve dravya karma haiM / " dravya karma aura bhAva karma meM nimitta-naimittika rUpa dvimukha kAryakAraNa bhAva sambandha hai / dravya karma kArya hai aura bhAva karma kAraNa hai / prastuta kArya kAraNa bhAva murgI aura aNDe ke kArya kAraNa bhAva sadRza hai / murgI se aNDA utpanna hotA hai, ataH murgI kAraNa hai aura aNDA kArya hai / magara aNDe se murgI utpanna hotI hai, ataeva aNDA kAraNa aura murgI kArya hai / isa prakAra donoM kArya aura donoM kAraNa haiM / yadi yaha jijJAsA vyakta kI jAya ki pahale murgI thI yA aNDA ? to isakA samAdhAna nahIM diyA jA sakatA, kyoMki aNDA murgI se hotA hai aura murgI bhI graNDe se samutpanna hotI hai / grataH donoM meM kArya kAraNa bhAva spaSTa hai / unameM paurvAparya bhAva nahIM batalAyA jA sktaa| saMtati kI dRSTi se unakA pArasparika kArya kAraNa bhAva anAdi hai / vaise hI dravya aura bhAva karma kA kArya-kAraNa bhAva sambandha saMtati kI apekSA se anAdi hai / donoM eka dUsare ke utpanna hone meM nimitta haiM / jaise miTTI kA eka piNDa ghar3e Adi ke rUpa meM pariragata hone kA upAdAna kAraNa hai, kintu kumbhakArarUpI nimitta ke prabhAva meM vaha ghaTa nahIM banatA, vaise hI kArmaraNa vargaraNA ke pudgaloM meM karma rUpa meM pariNata hone kI zakti hai, etadartha pudgala dravya karma kA upAdAna kAraNa hai, para jIva meM bhAva karma kI sattA kA prabhAva ho to pudgala dravya karma meM pariNata nahIM ho sakatA / ataH bhAvakarma dravya karma kA 16. poggala - piDo davvaM tassanti bhAvakammaM tu I - gommaTasAra, karmakANDa, prA0 nemicandra

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karmavAda-paryavekSaNa nimitta kAraNa hai aura dravya karma bhI bhAva karma kA nimitta hai / ataH dravya aura bhAva kama kA kArya kAraNa bhAva upAdAnopAdeya rUpa na hokara nimitta naimittika rUpa hai| anya darzanakAroM ne bhI dravya aura bhAva karma ko vividha nAmoM se svIkAra kiyA hai / karma kA astitva : isa virAT vizva meM yatra-tatra-sarvatra viSamatA, vicitratA aura vividhatA dRSTigocara hotI hai / saba jIva svabhAvataH samAna hone para bhI unameM manuSya, pazu, pakSI, kITa, pataMga Adi ke rUpa meM jo mahAn antara dikhAI par3atA hai, isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? kevala mAnava jagat ko hI leM, to bhI koI nirdhana hai, koI dhanI hai| koI svastha hai, koI rugNa hai / koI ajJa hai, koI vijJa hai| koI nirbala hai, koI sabala hai / koI sundara hai koI kurUpa hai| koI sukhI hai, koI duHkhI hai / koI gaganacumbI aTTAlikAnoM meM rahatA hai to koI TUTI-phUTI jhoMpar3iyoM meM / koI gulAbajAmuna aura rasagulle ur3A rahA hai to koI bhUkha se chaTapaTA rahA hai / koI bahumUlya aura camakadAra vastroM se alaMkRta hai to koI phaTe-purAne cIthar3oM se veSTita hai| yahA~ taka ki eka mAtA kI kauMkha se utpanna hue putroM meM bhI dina-rAta kA antara dekhA jAtA hai, eka rAjA hai, dUsarA raMka hai| isa bheda aura viSamatA kA mUla kAraNa kyA hai ? yaha eka jvalaMta prazna hai / bhArata ke mananazIla medhAvI manISiyoM ne isa prazna kA uttara dete hue kahA --viSamatA aura vividhatA kA mUla karma hai| karma se hI vividhatA aura viSamatA utpanna hotI hai| jaina darzana kI taraha bauddha 17. dekhie-AtmamImAMsA, paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA / 18. kammaoNaM bhaMte, jIve, no akammao vibhattibhAvaM pariNamaI / kammaoNaM jane ? No akammao vibhattibhAvaM pariNamaI // -bhagavatI 1215 16. kammuNA uvAhI jAyai / -prAcArAMga 31

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dharma aura darzana darzana, nyAya darzana" vedAntadarzana prabhRti bhI karma ko hI jIva kI vividha avasthAoM kA kAraNa mAnate haiM / yaha eka parakhA huA siddhAnta hai ki jaisA bIja hogA vaisA hI vRkSa hogA / 23 4 sauTaMcI svarNa meM koI bheda nahIM hotA, kintu vijAtIya tattva ke saMmizraNa ke kAraNa usameM bheda hotA hai / vaise hI nizcaya dRSTi se 20. 21. sadarUpanIrUpayoH, (kha) kSmAbhRdraraGkayormanISijaDayoH zrImadurgatayorbalAbalavatornI roga rogAtayoH saubhAgyAsubhagatva-saMgama- juSostulye'pi nRtye'ntaraM, yattatkarmanibandhanaM tadapi no jIvaM vinA yuktimat // (ga) jo tullasAhaNAraNaM, phale kajjattaNao goyama ! ghaDobba heU ya so kammaM / - karmagrantha prathama TIkA - - devendra sUri viseso Na so viNA heu / (kha) karmajaM lokavaicitryaM / bhAsitaM petaM mahArAja, bhagavatA - kammassakA mANavasattA, kammadAyAdA, kammayonI, kammabandhU, kammapaTisaraNA, kammaM sate vibhajati, yadidaM paNItatAta // -- vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, jinabhadragaNI - milinda prazna 32 jagato yacca vaicitryaM, sukhaduHkhAdibhedataH / kRSisevAdisAmye'pi vilakSaNaphalodayaH // akasmAnnidhilAbhasya vidyatpAtazca kasyacit / kvacitphalamayatne'pi yatne'pyaphalatA kvacit // tadetad durghaTaM dRSTAtkAraNAd vyabhicAriNaH / tenAdRSTamupetavyamasya kiJcana kAraNam || 22. brahmasUtra -- zAMkara bhASya 2 / 1 / 14 23. karama pradhAna vizva kari rAkhA / jo jasa karahi so tasa phala cAkhA / / -- zrabhidharma koSa 4 / 1 --tyAyamaMjarI - jayantabhaTTa - rAmacaritamAnasa

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kamavAda-paryavekSaNa 45 AtmAeM eka haiM, kintu jo bheda aura viSamatA hai, vaha karma ke kAraNa se hai / 24 AtmA pahale yA karma : AtmA pahale hai yA karma pahale hai ? donoM meM pahale kauna hai aura pIche kauna hai ? yaha eka prazna hai / __uttara hai-AtmA aura karma donoM anAdi haiN| karmasaMtati kA AtmA ke sAtha anAdi kAla se sambandha hai| pratipala-pratikSaNa jIva nUtana karma bAMdhatA rahatA hai| aisA koI bhI kSaNa nahIM, jisa samaya sAMsArika jIva karma nahIM bA~dhatA ho / isa dRSTi se AtmA ke sAtha karma kA sambandha sAdi bhI kahA jA sakatA hai, para karma-santati kI apekSA AtmA ke sAtha karma kA sambandha anAdi hai / 25 anAdi kA anta kaise : prazna hai-jaba prAtmA ke sAtha karma kA sambandha anAdi hai taba usakA anta kaise ho sakatA hai ? kyoMki jo anAdi hotA hai usakA nAza nahIM hotaa| 24. kAmAdiprabhavazcitraM karmabandhAnurUpataH / -prApta mImAMsA--prAcArya samantabhadra 25. jo khalu saMsArattho jIvo tatto du hodi prinnaamo| pariNAmAdo kamma kammAdo hodi gadisugadI // gadimadhigadassa deho, dehAdo indiyANi jAyante / tehi du visayaggahaNaM tatto rAgo va doso vA / / jAyadi jIvassevaM bhAvo saMsAracakkavAlammi, idi jiNavarehi bhaNido aNAdiNidhaNo saNidhaNo vA // -paMcAstikAya--prAcArya kundakunda jIva haiM kammu praNAi jiya jaNiyau kammu Na teNa / kammeM jIu vi jaNiu gavi dohiM vi Ai Na jeNa // eha vavahAreM jIvaDau heu lahe viNu kammu / bahuviha-bhAveM pariNavai teNa ji dhammu ahammu / / -paramAtma prakAza 115960

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46 dharma aura darzana uttara hai - anAdi kA anta nahIM hotA, yaha sAmudAyika niyama hai, jo jAti se sambandha rakhatA hai / vyakti vizeSa para yaha niyama lAgU nahIM bhI hotA / svarNa aura miTTI kA ghRta aura dugdha kA sambandha anAdi hai, tathApi ve pRthak-pRthak hote haiM / vaise hI AtmA aura karma ke anAdi sambandha kA anta hotA hai / 26 yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki vyakti rUpa se koI bhI karma anAdi nahIM hai / kisI eka karmavizeSa kA anAdi kAla se AtmA ke sAtha sambandha nahIM hai / pUrvabaddha karma sthiti pUrNa hone para prAtmA se pRthak ho jAte haiM | navIna karma kA bandhana hotA rahatA hai| isa prakAra pravAha rUpa se AtmA ke sAtha karmoM kA sambandha anAdi kAla se hai, 27 na ki vyaktizaH / zrataH anAdi kAlIna karmoM kA anta hotA hai, tapa aura saMyama ke dvArA naye karmoM kA pravAha rukatA hai, saMcita karma naSTa hote haiM aura AtmA mukta bana jAtA hai / 28 AtmA balavAn yA karma : AtmA aura karma ina donoM meM adhika zaktisampanna kauna hai ? kyA AtmA balavAn hai yA karma balavAna hai ? samAdhAna hai - prAtmA bhI balavAn hai aura karma bhI balavAna hai / AtmA meM bhI ananta zakti hai aura karma meM bhI ananta zakti hai / kabhI jIva, kAla Adi labdhiyoM kI anukUlatA hone para karmoM ko pachAr3a 26. dvayorapyanAdisambandhaH, kanakopala - sannibhaH / 27. yathA'nAdiH sa jIvAtmA, yathA'nAdizca pudgalaH dvayorbandho'pyanAdiH syAt sambandho jIva- karmaNoH / 28. - paMcAdhyAyI 2045, paM0 rAjamalla (kha) astyAtmA'nAdito baddhaH karmabhiH kArmaNAtmakaiH / -- lokaprakAza 424 (ga) Adirahito jIvakarmayoga iti pakSaH / khavittA puSvakammAI, saMjameNa taveNa ya / savva - dukkha pahINaTThA, pakkamaMti mahesiNo // - sthAnAGga 11416 TIkA - uttarAdhyayana 25 / 45

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karmavAda-paryavekSaNa 47 detA hai, aura kabhI karmoM kI bahulatA hone para jIva unase daba jAtA hai / 29 ___ bahi STi se karma balavAn pratIta hote haiM, para antardRSTi se AtmA hI balavAn hai, kyoMki karma kA kartA AtmA hai, vaha makar3I kI taraha karmoM kA jAla bichAkara usameM ulajhatA hai| yadi vaha cAhe to karmoM ko kATa bhI sakatA hai / karma cAhe kitane bhI adhika zakti zAlI hoM, para AtmA usase bhI adhika zaktisampanna hai| ___ laukika dRSTi se patthara kaThora hai aura pAnI mulAyama hai, kintu mulAyama pAnI patthara ke bhI Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara detA hai / kaThora caTTAnoM meM bhI cheda kara detA hai| vaise hI AtmA kI zakti karma se adhika hai| vIra hanumAna ko jaba taka sva svarUpa kA parijJAna nahIM huA taba taka vaha nAga-pAza meM ba~dhA rahA, rAvaNa kI ThokareM khAtA rahA, apamAna ke jaharIle pUMTa pItA rahA, kintu jyoM hI use svarUpa kA jJAna huA, tyoM hI nAga-pAza ko tor3akara mukta ho gyaa| prAtmA ko bhI jaba taka apanI virAT cetanAzakti kA jJAna nahIM hotA taba taka vaha bhI karmoM ko apane se adhika zaktimAn samajhakara unase dabA rahatA hai, jJAna hone para unase mukta ho jAtA hai / karma aura usakA phala : ___ sAMsArika jIva jo vividha prakAra ke karmoM kA bandhana karate haiM, unheM vipAka kI dRSTi se bhAratIya cintakoM ne do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai, zubha aura azubha, puNya aura pApa athavA kuzala, aura akuzala / ina do bhedoM kA ullekha, jaina darzana,deg bauddha darzana, sAMkhya 26. katthavi balio jIvo, katthavi kammAi hunti bliyaaii| jIvassa ya kammassa ya, pubbaviruddhAi vairAi / -gaNadharavAda 2-25 zubhaH puNyasya, azubha : pApasya ---tattvArtha sUtra 6 / 3-4 31. vizuddhimagga 17488 30.

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49 dharma aura darzana darzana 2, yoga darzana33, nyAya darzana, vaizeSika darzana aura upaniSad Adi meM huA hai| jisa karma ke phala ko prANI anukUla anubhava karatA hai vaha puNya hai aura pratikUla anubhava karatA hai vaha pApa hai / puNya ke phala kI sabhI icchA karate haiM / kintu pApa ke phala kI koI icchA nahIM karatA / icchA na karane para bhI usake vipAka se bacA nahIM jA sktaa| ___ jIva ne jo karma bAMdhA hai use isa janma meM yA AgAmI janmoM meM bhoganA hI par3atA hai / 36 kRta-karmoM kA phala bhoge binA prAtmA kA chuTakArA nahIM ho sktaa| mahAtmA buddha kahate haiM "cAhe antarikSa meM cale jAno, samudra meM ghusa jAmo, giri kaMdarAoM meM chipa jaao| kintu aisA koI pradeza nahIM, jahA~ tumheM pApa karmoM kA phala bhoganA na pdd'e|8 vedapaMthI kavi sihalana mizra bhI yahI kahate haiM ki kahIM bhI cale jAo, parantu janmAntara meM jo zubhAzubha karma kiye haiM, unake 32. sAMkhyakArikA 44 33. yogasUtra 2 / 14 . (kha) yogabhASya 2012 34. nyAya maMjarI pR0 472 / (kha) prazastapAda pR0 637 / 643 35. bahadAraNyaka 3 / 2 / 13 36. paralokakaDA kammA ihaloe veijjaMti, ihalokakaDA kammA ihaloe veijjati / -bhagavatI sUtra (kha) sthAnAna sUtra 77 37. kaDANa kammANa na mokkha atthi / / -uttarAdhyayana 4 // 3 38. na antalikkhe na samuddamajhe, na pavvatAnaM vivaraM pavissa / na vijjatI so jagatippadezo, yatthaTTito muJce'yya pAvakammA / -dhammapada 12

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa 46 phala to chAyA ke samAna sAtha hI sAtha raheMge / ve tumheM kadApi nahIM chor3ege 13 AcArya amitagati kA kathana hai- " apane pUrvakRta karmoM kA hI zubhAzubha phala hama bhogate haiM, yadi anya dvArA diyA phala bhogeM to hamAre svakRta karma nirarthaka ho jAyeMge / 40 adhyAtmazAstra ke prakANDa paNDita prAcArya kundakunda kA bhI yahI svara hai - " jIva aura karmapudgala paraspara gAr3ha rUpa meM mila jAte haiM, samaya para ve pRthak-pRthak bhI ho jAte haiM / jaba taka jIva aura karma pudgala paraspara mile rahate haiM taba taka karma sukha-duHkha detA hai aura jIva ko vaha bhoganA par3atA hai / 41 mahAtmA buddha ne eka bAra paira meM kA~TA viMdha jAne para apane ziSyoM se kahA - "bhikSu ! isa janma se ekAnave janma pUrva merI zakti (zastra 36. 40. 41. AkAzamutpatatu gacchatu vA diganta - mambhonidhiM vizatu tiSThatu vA yatheSTam / janmAntarAjitazubhAzubhakRnnarANAM, chAyeva na tyajati karma phalAnubandhi || svayaM kRtaM karmma yadAtmanA purA, pareNa T phalaM tadIyaM labhate zubhAzubham dattaM yadi labhyate sphuTaM, svayaM kRtaM karma nirarthakaM tadA // jIvA puggalakAyA aNNA gADhagaNapaDibaddhA | kAle vijujjamANA, suhadukkhaM diti bhuMjanti // 1 - zAntizatakam 82 - dvAtriMzikA, 30 - paJcAstikAya 67

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dharma aura darzana vizeSa) se eka puruSa kI hatyA huI thii| usI karma ke kAraNa merA paira kA~Te se vidha gayA hai|"42 bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana prasaMgoM se bhI yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki unheM sAdhanAkAla meM jo romAMcakArI kaSTa sahane par3e the, unakA mUla kAraNa pUrvakRta karma hI the|43 AtmA svatantra hai yA karma ke adhIna ? pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki jIva jaisA karma karatA hai vaisA hI usakA phala use prApta hotA hai| zubhakarma kA phala zubha hotA hai aura azubhakarma kA phala azubha hotA hai / 44 karma kI mukhyataH do avasthAe~ haiM-baMdha (grahaNa) aura udaya (phala) / karma ko bAMdhane meM jIva svatantra hai, kintu usake phala ko bhogane meM vaha svatantra nahIM hai, karma ke adhIna hai| jisa prakAra koI vyakti vRkSa para car3hatA hai vaha car3hane meM svatantra hai, apanI icchAnusAra car3ha sakatA hai kintu asAvadhAnIvaza gira jAya to vaha girane meM svatantra nahIM hai|45 vaha icchA se giranA nahIM cAhatA tathApi gira jAtA hai, ataH girane meM paratantra hai| isI prakAra bhaMga pIne meM svatantra hai, kintu usakA pariNAma bhogane meM paratantra hai| usakI icchA na hote hue bhI bhaMga apanA camatkAra dikhalAegI hii| usakI icchA kA phira koI mUlya nahIM hai| 43. hI 42. ita ekanavate kalpe, zaktyA meM puruSo hataH / ' tena karmavipAkena, pAde viddhosmi bhikSavaH / / -SaDdarzana samuccaya, TIkA dekhie : lekhaka kA 'mahAvIra jIvanadarzana grantha' 44. succiNNA kammA succiNNaphalA bhavaMti, ducciNNA kammA ducciNNaphalA bhavaMti / - dazAzrata skandha, 6 45. kammaM ciNaMti savasA, tassudayammi u paravasA honti / rukkhaM duruhai savaso, vigalasa paravaso tatto / / -vizeSAvazyaka, bhASya 1-3

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa ukta kathana kA yaha artha nahIM ki baddha karmoM ke vipAka meM AtmA kucha bhI parivartana nahIM kara sktaa| jaise bhaMga ke naze kI virodhI vastu ke sevana se bhaMga kA nazA nahIM car3hatA yA nAma mAtra ko car3hatA hai, usI prakAra prazasta adhyavasAyoM ke dvArA pUrvabaddha karma ke vipAka ko manda bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai aura naSTa bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai / usa avasthA meM karma, pradezoM se udita hokara hI nirjIrNa hojAte haiM / usakI kAlika maryAdA ( sthitikAla ) ko kama karake zIghra udaya meM bhI lAyA jA sakatA hai| niyatakAla se pUrva karmoM ko udaya meM le AnA 'udIraNA' kahalAtA hai| 'pAMtajalayoga' bhASya meM bhI adRSTa-janya vedanIya karma kI tIna gatiyA~ nirUpita kI haiN| unameM se eka gati yaha hai-"kaI karma binA phala diye hI prAyazcitta Adi ke dvArA naSTa ho jAte haiN|" ise jaina pAribhASika zabdoM meM pradezodaya kahA hai| karma kI paudgalikatA : anya darzanakAroM ne jahA~ karma ko saMskAra aura vAsanArUpa mAnA hai, vahA~ jainadarzana use paudgalika mAnatA hai| karma AtmA kA guNa nahIM hai, kintu vaha AtmaguNoM kA vighAtaka hai| parataMtra banAne vAlA aura duHkhoM kA kAraNa hai| yaha tathya hai, "jisa vastu kA jo guNa hai vaha usakA vighAtaka nahIM hotA / karma AtmA kA vidhAtaka hai ataH AtmA kA guNa nahIM ho sakatA / karma paudgalika na hotA to vaha AtmA kI parAdhInatA kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA thaa| ___ jainadarzana kI dRSTi se dravya karma paudgalika hai| pudgala mUrta hI hotA hai| usameM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza-ye cAra guNa hote haiN| jisakA kAraNa paudgalika hotA hai usakA kArya bhI paudgalika hotA hai / jaise kapAsa bhautika hai, to usase banane vAlA vastra bhI bhautika hI hogA / jaise kArya se kAraNa kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai vaise hI kAraNa se bhI kArya kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| zarIra Adi kArya

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dharma aura darzana paudgalika aura mUrta hai, ataH usakA kAraNa karma bhI paudgalika aura mUrta hI honA caahie|46 mUrta kA amUrta para prabhAva : __ prazna hai--karma mUrta hai to usakA prabhAva amUrta prAtmA para kaise hotA hai ? uttara hai -jaise madirA aura klorophArma kA prabhAva amUrta cetanA Adi guNoM para pratyakSa dekhA jAtA hai, vaise hI amUrta prAtmA para mUrtaM karma kA prAva par3atA hai|47 ukta prazna kA dUsarA samAdhAna yaha hai ki anantakAla se AtmA karma se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa svabhAvataH amUrta hote hue bhI saMsArI avasthA meM mUrta hai / 48 isa kAraNa bhI vaha karma se prabhAvita hotA hai|49 jo prAtmA karmamukta haiM, unheM karma kA bandhana nahIM hotA, pUrva karma se baMdhA huA jIva hI nae karmoM kA baMdhana karatA hai / 50 gautama--bhagavan ! duHkhI jIva duHkha se spRSTa hotA hai yA aduHkhI duHkha se spRSTa hotA hai ?51 46. mutto phAsadi mutta, mutto mutteNa baMdhamaraNuhavadi, jIvo muttivirahido, gAhadi te tehiM uggahadi / -paMcAstikAya 134 47. mutaNAmuttimao uvaghAyA-'NuggahA kahaM hojjA ? jaha viNNANAINaM mairApANo-sahAIhiM / -vizeSAvazyaka, bhASya gA0 1637 48. ahavA negaMto'yaM saMsArI savvahA amuttotti / jamaNAikammasaMtaipariNAmAvannarUvo so|| -vizeSAvazyaka, bhASya gA0 1638 46. vaNNa rasa paMca gandhA, do phAsA aTTa NicchiyA jIve / ___No saMti amutti tado vavahArA mutti baMdhAdo / --dravyasaMgraha 50. samiya dukkhe dukkhI dukkhANameva AvaTTa aNupariyaTTai / --AcArAMga 2 / 6 / 105 51. duHkhanimittatvAd duHkhaM karma, tadvAn jIvo duHkhI / -bhagavatI, TokA 7 / 1 / 236

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa mahAvIra-gautama ! duHkhI jIva duHkha se spRSTa hotA hai, aduHkhI duHkha se spRSTa nahIM hotA hai| duHkha kA sparza, paryAdAna (grahaNa), udIraNA, vedanA, aura nirjarA duHkhI jIva karatA hai, aduHkhI nahIM / 12 gautama-bhagavan ! karma kauna bAMdhatA hai-saMyata, asaMyata, athavA saMyatAsaMyata ? mahAvIra-asaMyata, saMyatAsaMyata aura saMyata ye sabhI karma bA~dhate haiM / tAtparya yaha hai ki jo sakarma AtmA haiM ve hI karma bAMdhatI haiM, unhIM para karma kA prabhAva hotA hai| karma baMdha ke kAraNa : jIva ke sAtha karma kA anAdi sambandha hai kintu karma kina kAraNoM se baMdhate haiM, yaha eka sahaja jijJAsA hai| gautama ne prazna kiyAbhagavan ! jIva karma bandha kaise karatA hai ? bhagavAn ne uttara diyA-gautama ! jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke tIvra udaya se, darzanAvaraNIya karma kA tIvra udaya hotA hai / darzanAvaraNIya karma ke tIvra udaya se darzanamoha kA udaya hotA hai| darzanamoha ke tIvra udaya se mithyAtva kA udaya hotA hai aura mithyAtva ke udaya se jIva ATha prakAra ke karmoM ko bA~dhatA hai / 54 sthAnAGga55 samavAyAMga56 meM tathA umAsvAti ne karmabaMdha ke 52. bhagavatI 7 / 1 / 266 53. bhagavatI 6 / 3 54. bhaMte ! jIve aTTa kammapagaDIo baMdhati ? goyamA ! NANAvaraNijjasma kammassa udaeNaM darisaNAvaraNijja kamma niyacchati, darisaNAvaraNissa kammasta udaeNaM daMsaNamohaNijjaM kamma Nigacchai, daMsaNamohaNijjassa kammassa udaeNaM micchatta Nigacchai, micchattaNaM udiNNeNaM evaM khalu jIve aTTakammapagaDoo bNbi|| prajJApanA 2311 / 286 55. paMca AsavadArA paNNattA,-samavAyAMga, samavAya 5 / 56. sthAnAGga 418 /

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dharma aura darzana pA~ca karaNa batAye haiM-mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya, aura yoga / 50 saMkSepa dRSTi se karma baMdha ke do kAraNa haiM-- kaSAya aura yoga / karmabandha ke cAra bheda haiM-prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga aura pradeza / 59 inameM prakRti aura pradeza kA baMdha yoga se hotA hai| sthiti va anubhAga kA baMdha kaSAya se hotA hai / 60 saMkSepa meM kahA jAya to kaSAya hI karma baMdha kA mukhya hetU hai / 61 kaSAya ke abhAva meM samaparAyika karma kA baMdha nahIM hotaa| dasaveM guNasthAna taka donoM kAraNa rahate haiM ataH vahA~ taka sAmparAyika baMdha hotA hai / kaSAya aura yoga se hone vAlA baMdha sAmparAyika bandha kahalAtA hai / aura gamanAgamana Adi kriyAoM se jo karma baMdha hotA hai vaha IryApathika baMdha kahalAtA hai / 62 IryApatha karma kI sthiti uttarAdhyayana63 prajJApanA64 meM do samaya kI mAnI hai aura 57. mithyAdarzanAviratipramAdakaSAyayogA bandhahetavaH / -tattvArtha sUtra 81 58. jogabaMdhe, kasAyabaMdhe / -samavAyAGga 56. prakRtisthityanubhAvapradezAstadvidhayaH / -tattvArtha sUtra 84 60. jogA payaDipaesaM ThiiaNubhAgaM kasAyao kuNai / -paMcama karmagrantha gA0 66 jIvANaM cauhi ThANehi aTTha kammapagaDIo ciNisu taM0 koheNaM, mANeNaM, mAyAe, lobheNaM / -sthAnAMga, 4 sthAna 61. sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAnpudgalAnAdatta / __ -tattvArtha sUtra 8 / 2 62. sakaSAyAkaSAyayoH sAmparAyikeryApathayoH / / -tattvArtha0 65 63. jAva sajogI bhavai, tAva IriyAvahiyaM kammaM nibandhai suhapharisaM dusamayaThiiyaM / taM paDhamasamae baddha, biiyasamaye veiyaM, taiyasamaye nijjinnnn| -uttarA0pra0 26 pra071 64. sAtAvedaNijjassa iriyAvahiyabaMdhagaM paDucca ajahaNNamaNukkoseNaM do smyaa| -prajJApanA 23 / 13 pR0 137

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa 55 paM0 sukhalAla jI ne65 sirpha eka samaya kI mAnI hai| yoga hone para bhI agara kaSAyAbhAva ho to upArjita karma kI sthiti yA rasa kA baMdha nahIM hotaa| sthiti aura rasa donoM kA baMdha kA kAraNa kaSAya hI hai| vistAra se kaSAya ke cAra bheda haiM--krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha / 66 sthAnAGga aura prajJApanA meM karma baMdha ke ye cAra kAraNa batAye haiN| saMkSepa meM kaSAya ke do bheda haiM rAga aura dveSa / rAga aura dvaSa ina donoM meM bhI una cAroM kA samanvaya ho jAtA hai| rAga meM mAyA aura lobha, tathA dvaSa meM krodha aura mAna kA samAveza hotA hai| rAga aura 65. tattvArtha sUtra-paM0 sukhalAla jo pR0 217 66. kohaM ca mAraNaM ca taheva mAyaM, lobhaM cautthaM ajjhattha-dosA / -sUtrakRtAGga, sUtra 6 / 26 (kha) sthAnAGga 4 / 1 / 251 (ga) prajJApanA 23 / 1 / 260 67. rAgo ya doso vi ya kammabIyaM / -uttarA0 327 68. dohiM ThANehi pApakammA baMdhati""rAgeNa ya doseNa ya / rAge davihe paNNatta |"maayaa ya lobhe ya / dose duvihe.""kohe ya mAraNe y| -sthAnAGga sUtra 263 (kha) jIveNaM bhaMte, NANAvaraNijjaM kammaM katihi ThANehi baMdhati ? goyamA ! dohiM ThANehi, taMjahA-rAgeNa ya doseNa ya / rAge vihe paNNatta taM jahA-mAyA ya lobhe ya / dose duvihe paNNatta taM jahA-kohe ya mANe y| -prajJApanA, 23 (ga) pariNamadi jadA appA, suhammi asuhammi rAgadosajudo / taM pavisadi kammarayaM, NANAvaraNAdibhAvehi / / -pravacanasAra, gA0 65

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dharma aura darzana dveSa ke dvArA hI aSTavidha karmoM kA baMdhana hotA hai / ataH rAga dveSa ko hI bhAva karma mAnA hai| rAga-dveSa kA mUla moha hI hai|| ___AcArya haribhadra ne likhA hai--jisa manuSya ke zarIra para tela cupar3A hayA ho, usakA zarIra ur3ane vAlI dhUla se lipta ho jAtA hai, vaise hI rAga dvaSa ke bhAva se pAklinna hue AtmA para karma raja kA baMdha ho jAtA hai / yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki mithyAtva ko jo karmabandhana kA kAraNa kahA hai, usameM bhI rAga dvaSa hI pramukha haiN| rAga-dveSa kI tIvratA se hI jJAna viparIta hotA hai / isake atirikta jahA~ mithyAtva hotA hai vahA~ anya kAraNa svataH hote haiM / ataH zabda bheda hone para bhI sabhI kA sAra eka hai| kevala saMkSepa-vistAra ke vivakSAbheda se ukta kathanoM meM bheda samajhanA caahie| jaina darzana kI taraha bauddhadarzana ne bhI karmabaMdhana kA kAraNa mithyAjJAna athavA moha mAnA hai / 2 nyAya darzana kA bhI yahI mantavya hai ki mithyAjJAna hI moha hai, prastuta moha kevala tattvajJAna kI anutpatti rUpa nahIM hai, kintu zarIra, indriya, mana, vedanA, buddhi ye 71. 69. baddha yate'STavidhena karmaNA yena hetubhUtena tad bandhanam / -pratikramaNa sUtravRtti, prAcArya nami 70. uttarAdhyayana 3217 (kha) sthAnAGga 212 (ga) samayasAra 64166 / 109 / 177 (gha) pravacanasAra 118488 snehAbhyaktazarIrasya, - reNunA zliSyate yathA gAtram / rAga-dvaSAklinasya, karma-baMdho bhavatyevam // -Avazyaka TIkA 72. suttanipAta, 3 / 12 / 33 (kha) visuddhimagga, 17 / 302 (ga) majjhima nikAya, mahAtaNhAsaMkhayasutta, 38

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa anAtmA hone para bhI inameM "maiM hI hU~" aisA jJAna mithyAjJAna aura moha hai| yahI karma bandhana kA kAraNa hai|73 vaizeSika darzana bhI prakRta kathana kA samarthana karatA hai| sAMkhyadarzana bhI baMdha kA kAraNa viparyAsa mAnatA hai75 aura viparyAsa hI mithyAjJAna hai! yogadarzana kleza ko baMdha kA kAraNa mAnatA hai aura kleza kA kAraNa avidyA hai| upaniSad bhagavadgItA, aura brahma sUtra meM bhI avidyA ko hI baMdha kA kAraNa mAnA hai| 73. nyAyabhASya 4 / 2 / 1 (kha) duHkhajanmapravRttidoSamithyAjJAnAnAmuttarottarApAye tadanantarApAyAdapavargaH / -nyAyasUtra 111 / 2 (ga) tattrairAzyaM rAgadvaSamohAntarbhAvAt / -nyaaysuutr4|1|3 (gha) teSAM mohaH pApIyAnAmUDhasyetarotpattaH / -nyAyasUtra 4 / 16 74. prazastapAda pR0 538 viparyayanirUpaNa / / (kha) prazastapAda bhASya, saMsArApavarga prakaraNa / 75. sAMkhyakArikA-44-47-48 76. jJAnasya viparyayo'jJAnam / -mAThara vRtti 44 77. avidyAsmitArAgadvaSAbhinivezAH paJca klezAH / avidyA kSetramuttareSAM prasuptatanuvicchinnodArANAm // -yogadarzana 2 / 3 / 4 avidyAyAmantare vartamAnAH svayaM dhIrAH pnndditNmnymaanaaH| dandramyamANAH pariyanti mUDhA, andhenaiva nIyamAnA yathA'ndhAH // -kaThopaniSad 1 / 2 / 5 76: ajJAnenAvRtaM jJAnaM, tena muhyanti jantavaH, jJAnena tu tadajJAnaM, yeSAM nAzitamAtmanaH / xxx teSAmAdityavajjJAnaM prakAzayati tatparam // -bhagavadgItA // 156 78.

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dharma aura darzana isa prakAra jaina darzana aura anya darzanoM meM karma baMdha ke kAraNoM meM zabdabheda aura prakriyAbheda hone para bhI mUla bhAvanAmroM meM khAsa bheda nahIM hai / Izvara aura karmavAda : 58 jaina darzana kA yaha spaSTa mantavya hai ki jIva jaisA karma karatA hai vaisA hI use phala prApta hotA hai / " nyAyadarzana " kI taraha vaha karma phala kA niyantA Izvara ko nahIM mAnatA / karma phala kA niyamana karane ke lie Izvara kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / karma paramANutroM meM jIvAtmA ke sambandha se eka viziSTa pariNAma samutpanna hotA hai / jisase vaha dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva, bhava, gati, sthiti prabhRti udaya ke anukUla sAmagrI se vipAka - pradarzana meM samartha hokara AtmA ke saMskAroM ko malina karatA hai / usase unakA phalopabhoga hotA hai| pIyUSa aura viSa, pathya aura pathya bhojana meM kucha bhI jJAna nahIM hotA, tathApi zrAtmA kA saMyoga pAkara ve apanI apanI prakRti ke anukUla vipAka utpanna karate haiN| vaha binA kisI preraNA athavA binA jJAna ke apanA kArya karate hI haiM | apanA prabhAva DAlate hI haiM / kAlodAyI anagAra ne bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra se prazna kiyAbhagavan ! kyA jIvoM ke kiye gaye pApa karmoM kA paripAka pApakArI hotA hai 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. appA kattA vikattA ya, duhANa ya suhANa ya / IzvaraH kAraNaM puruSakarmAphalasya darzanAt / (kha) tatkAritvAdahetuH / prajJApanA pRSTha 23 bhagavatI 7 / 10 - uttarA0 20|37 bhagavatI 7-10 / davvaM khettaM, kAlo, bhavo ya bhAvo ya heyavo paMca / hetusamAsedao jAyai savvANa pagaINaM // -nyAya darzana, sUtra 4 / 1 - gautamasUtra, zra0 4 0 1 sU0 21 - paMcasaMgraha

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa 58 bhagavAn ne uttara diyA-kAlodAyI, hA~, hotA hai| kAlodAyI ne punaH jijJAsA vyakta kI-bhagavan ! kisa prakAra hotA hai ? bhagavAn ne rUpaka kI bhASA meM samAdhAna karate hae kahA-- kAlodAyI ! jisa prakAra koI puruSa manoja, samyak prakAra se pakA huprA zuddha, aSTAdaza vyaMjanoM se paripUrNa viSayukta bhojana karatA hai| vaha bhojana ApAtabhadra-khAte samaya-acchA hotA hai, kintu jyoM-jyoM usakA pariNamana hotA hai tyoM-tyoM usameM vikRti utpanna hotI hai, vaha pariNAmabhadra nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra prANAtipAta yAvat mithyAdarzana zalya (aThAraha prakAra ke pApa karma) ApAtabhadra aura pariNAmaabhadra hote haiN| kAlodAyI, isI prakAra pApa karma pApavipAka vAle hote haiN|86 kAlodAyI ne nivedana kiyA-bhagavan / kyA jIvoM ke kiye hue kalyANa-karmoM kA paripAka kalyANakArI hotA hai ? bhagavAn ne kahA-hA~, hotA hai| kAlodAyI ne punaH tarka kiyA-bhagavan ! kaise hotA hai ? bhagavAna ne kahA-kAlodayI ! prANAtipAtavirati yAvat mithyA darzanazalya virati ApAtabhadra pratIta nahIM hotI, para pariNAmabhadra hotI hai / isI prakAra he kAlodAyI ! kalyANakarma bhI kalyANavipAka vAle hote haiN| 16. atthi NaM bhante ! jIvANaM pAvA kammA pAvaphalavivAgasaMjuttA kajjanti ? hantA, atthi / kahaM NaM bhaMte ! jIvANaM pAvA kammA pAvaphalavivAgasaMjuttA kajjati ?........kAlodAI ! jIvANaM pANAivAe jAva micchAdasaNasalle tassa NaM AvAe bhaddae bhavai to pacchA vipariNamamANe vipariNamamANe durUvattAe jAva bhujjo bhujjo pariNamati / evaM khalu kAlodAI ! jIvANaM pAvA kammA pAvaphalavivAgasaMjuttA kajjati / -bhagavatI 7 / 10 87, atthi NaM bhaMte ! jIvANaM kallANA kammA kallANaphalavivAgasaMjuttA kajjanti ?

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dharma aura darzana jaise gaNita karanevAlI mazIna jar3a hone para bhI aMka ginane meM bhUla nahIM karatI, vaise ho karma bhI jar3a hone para bho phala dene meM bhUla nahIM karatA, usake lie Izvara ko niyantA mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / Akhira Izvara vahI phala pradAna karegA jaise jIva ke hoMge / karma ke vipa rIta vaha kucha bhI dene meM samartha nahIM hogA / isa prakAra eka ora Izvara ko sarvazaktimAn mAnanA aura dUsarI ora use praNumAtra bhI parivartana kA adhikAra na denA, vastutaH Izvara kA upahAsa hai / isase yaha bhI siddha hai ki karma kI zakti Izvara se bhI adhika hai aura Izvara bhI usake adhIna hI kArya karatA hai / dUsarI dRSTi se karma meM bhI kucha karane dharane kI zakti nahIM mAnanI hogI, kyoMki vaha Izvara ke sahAre se hI apanA phala de sakatA hai / isa prakAra donoM eka dUsare ke adhIna ho jAe~ge / isase to yahI zreSTha hai ki svayaM karma ko hI apanA phala dene vAlA svIkAra kiyA jaay| isase Izvara kA Izvaratva bhI akSuNNa rahegA aura karma - vAda ke siddhAnta meM bhI kisI prakAra kI bAdhA samupasthita nahIM hogii| jaina saMskRti kI cintanadhArA bhI prastuta kathana kA hI samarthana karatI hai / 60 karma kA saMvibhAga nahIM: vaidika darzana kA yaha mantavya hai ki AtmA sarvazaktimAn Izvara ke hAtha kI kaThaputalI hai / usameM svayaM kucha bhI kArya karane kI kSamatA nahIM hai / svarga aura naraka meM bhejane vAlA, sukha aura duHkha ko dene haMtA ! asthi ! kahaM NaM bhaMte ! jIdhAraNaM kallANA kammA jAva kajjanti ?.... kAlodAI ! jIvANaM pANA ivAyaveramaNe jAva pariggahaveramaraNe, kohavivege jAva micchAdaMsaNasalla vivege tassa gaM AvAe no bhaddae bhavai, tao pacchA pariNamamANe surUvattAe jAva no dukhattAe bhujjo bhujjo pariNamai / evaM khalu kAlodAI ! jIvANaM kallANA kammA jAva kajjati / -bhagavatI 7 / 10

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa vAlA Izvara hai| Izvara kI preraNA se hI jIva svarga aura naraka meM jAtA hai|8 jaina darzana ke karma siddhAnta ne prastuta kathana kA khaNDana karate hue kahA ki-Izvara kisI kA utthAna aura patana karane vAlA nahIM hai| vaha to vItarAga hai / prAtmA hI apanA utthAna aura patana karatA hai / jaba AtmA svabhAva dazA meM ramaraNa karatA hai taba utthAna karatA hai aura jaba vibhAva dazA meM ramaNa karatA hai taba usakA patana hotA hai| vibhAva dazA meM ramaraNa karane vAlA AtmA hI vetaraNI nadI aura kUTazAlmalI vRkSa hai, aura svabhAvadazA meM ramaNa karane vAlA AtmA kAmadhenu aura nandanavana hai| yaha AtmA sukha aura duHkha kA kartA, bhoktA svayaM hI hai / zabha mArga para calane vAlA prAtmA mitra hai, aura azubha mArga para calane vAlA prAtmA zatru hai / __ jaina darzana kA yaha spaSTa udghoSa hai ki jo bhI sukha aura duHkha prApta ho rahA hai usakA nirmAtA AtmA svayaM hI hai / jaisA AtmA karma karegA vaisA hI use phala bhoganA pdd'egaa|91 vaidikadarzana aura bauddha 88. ajJo janturanIzo'yamAtmanaH sukha-dukhayoH / Izvaraprerito gacchet, svarga vA zvabhrameva vA / / - mahAbhArata, vanaparva pra0 30 zlo. 28, 86. appA naI veyaraNI, appA me kuuddsaamlii| appA kAmaduhA dhenU, appA me naMdaNaM vaNaM / / -uttarAdhyayana 20136 60. appA kattA vikattA ya, duhANa ya suhANa ya / appA mittamamitta ca, duppaTThia supaTThio // -uttarAdhyayana 20137 61. saMsAramAvanna parassa aTTA, sAhAraNaM jaM ca karei kammaM / kammassa te tassa u veyakAle, Na baMdhavA baMdhavayaM uti / / -uttarAdhyayana 4 / 4 mAyA piyA ehasA bhAtA, bhajjA puttA ya orasA / nAlaM te mama tANAya, luppaMtassa sakammaNA // --uttarAdhyayana 6 / 3

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dharma aura darzana darzana kI taraha vaha karma phala ke saMvibhAga meM vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| vizvAsa hI nahIM, kintu usa vicAradhArA kA khaNDana bhI karatA hai|92 eka vyakti kA karma dUsare vyakti meM vibhakta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yadi vibhAga ko svIkAra kiyA jAyegA to puruSArtha aura sAdhanA kA mUlya hI kyA hai ? pApa puNya karegA koI aura, bhogegA koI aur| ataH yaha siddhAnta yukti-yukta nahIM hai / karma kA kArya : karma kA mukhya kArya hai-AtmA ko saMsAra meM prAbaddha rkhnaa| jaba taka karmabaMdha kI paramparA kA pravAha pravahamAna rahatA hai, taba taka AtmA mukta nahIM bana sktaa| yaha karma kA sAmAnya kArya hai| vizeSa rUpa se dekhA jAya to bhinna bhinna karmoM ke bhinna bhinna kArya haiM; jitane karma haiM utane hI kArya haiM / jaina karmazAstra kI dRSTi se karma kI ATha mUla prakRtiyA~ haiM, jo prANI ko vibhinna prakAra ke anukUla evaM pratikUla phala pradAna karatI haiN| unake nAma ye haiM-(1) jJAnAvaraNa (kha) 11 62. AtmamImAMsA paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA pR0 131 (kha) zrI amara bhAratI, bhAratIya darzanoM meM karmavivecana / -upAdhyAya amaramuni 63. milinda prazna 4 / 8 / 30-35 pR0 288 (kha) kathAvatthu 7 / 6 / 3 / pR0 348 14. svayaM kRtaM karma yadAtmanA purA, phalaM tadIyaM labhate zubhAzubham / pareNa dattaM yadi labhyate sphuTaM / svayaM kRtaM karma nirarthakaM tadA // nijAjitaM karma vihAya dehino, na ko'pi kasyApi dadAti kiJcana / vicArayannevamananya - mAnasaH paro dadAtIti vimuJca zemuSIm / / -dvAtriMzikA, prAcArya amitagati 30-31

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa (2) darzanAvaraNa (3) vedanIya (4) mohanIya (5) prAyu (6) nAma (7) gotra (8) aura antarAya / 5 ___ ina ATha karma-prakRtiyoM ke bhI do avAntara bheda haiN| inameM cAra ghAtI haiM, aura cAra aghAtI haiM / jJAnAvaraNa (2) darzanAvaraNa (3) mohanIya (4) antarAya ye cAra dhAtI haiM / 16 (1) vedanIya (2) Ayu (3) nAma aura (4)gotra ye aghAtI haiN| jo karma AtmA se baMdhakara usake svarUpa kA yA usake svAbhAvika guNoM kA ghAta karate haiM ve ghAtI karma haiN| ina kI anubhAga-zakti kA 65. nANassAvaraNijjaM, daMsaNAvaraNaM tahA / veyaNijjaM tahA moha, AukammaM taheva ya // nAmakammaM ca goyaM ca, antarAyaM taheva ya / evameyAi kammAi, aTThava u smaaso| -uttarAdhyayana 3312-3 (kha) sthAnAGga 8 / 3 / 566 (ga) prajJApanA 23 / 1 (gha) bhagavatI zataka 6, udda0 6 pR0 453 (Ga) tattvArtha sUtra 805 (ca) prathama karmagrantha gA0 3 (cha) paMcasaMgraha 2-2 66. tatra ghAtIni catvAri, karmANyanvarthasaMjJayA / ghAtakatvAd guNAnAM hi jIvasyaiveti vAksmRtiH // --paMcAdhyAyI 21998 (kha) AvaraNamohavigdhaM, ghAdI jiivgunndhaadnnttaado| -gomaTasAra-karmakANDa : 67. tataH zeSacatuSkaM syAt, karmAghAtivivakSayA / guNAnAM ghAtakAbhAvazaktirapyAtmazaktivat / -paMcAdhyAyI RAREE (kha) AugaNAmaM godaM, veyaNiyaM taha aghAditti / -gomaTasAra-karmakANDa :

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64 dharma aura darzana sIdhA asara zrAtmA ke jJAna prAdi guNoM para hotA hai / inase guraNa vikAza avaruddha hotA hai, jaise bAdala sahasrarazmi sUrya ke camacamAte prakAza ko AcchAdita kara detA hai, usakI razmiyoM ko bAhara nahIM Ane detA, vaise hI ghAta karma AtmA ke mukhya guNa ( 1 ) ananta jJAna (2) ananta darzana (3) ananta sukha ( 4 ) aura ananta vIrya guNoM ko prakaTa nahIM hone detA / jJAnAvaraNIya karma jIva kI ananta jJAna zakti ko prakaTa nahIM hone detA / darzanAvaraNIya karma AtmA ke ananta darzana zakti ke prAdurbhAva ko rokatA hai| mohanIya karma grAtmA ke samyak zraddhA, aura samyak cAritra guNa kA avarodha karatA hai, jisase AtmA ko ananta sukha prApta nahIM hotA / antarAya karma zrAtmA kI ananta vIryazakti Adi kA pratighAta karatA hai, jisase prAtmA apanI ananta virAT zakti kA vikAsa nahIM kara paataa| isa prakAra ghAtakarma AtmA ke vibhinna guNoM kA ghAta karate haiM / jo karma AtmA ke nija guNa kA ghAta nahIM kara kevala AtmA ke pratijIvI guNoM kA ghAta karatA hai, vaha praghAtI karma hai / praghAtI karmoM kA sIdhA sambandha paudgalika dravyoM se hotA hai, inakI anubhAga- zakti jIva ke guNoM para sIdhA asara nahIM karatI / aghAtI karmoM ke udaya se AtmA kA paugalika dravyoM se sambandha jur3atA hai / jisase AtmA "amUrto'pi mUrta iva" rahatI hai / use zarIra ke kArAgRha meM baddha rahanA par3atA hai / jo jIva ke guNa ( 1 ) avyAbAdha sukha ( 2 ) aTala avagAhana (3) mUrtikatva aura ( 4 ) pragurulaghubhAva ko prakaTa nahIM hone detA / vedanIyakarma AtmA ke anyAbAdha sukha ko prAcchanna karatA hai / AyuSya karma grAtmA kI aTala avagAhanA - zAzvata sthiratA ko nahIM hone detA / nAma karma AtmA kI prarUpI avasthA ko prAvRta kiye rahatA hai / gotra karma AtmA ke agurulaghubhAva ko rokatA hai / isa prakAra aghAtI karma apanA prabhAva dikhAte haiM / jaba ghAti karma naSTa ho jAte haiM, taba zrAtmA kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana kA dhAraka arihanta bana jAtA hai / " aura jaba aghAtI karma naSTa ho jAte haiM, taba videha, siddha, buddha aura mukta ho jAtA hai / 68. mohakSayAjjJAnadarzanAvaraNAntarAya - kSayAcca kevalam / - tattvArtha 10/1

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa jJAnAvaraNa karma jIva caitanyamaya hai| upayoga usakA lakSaNa hai / 19 upayoga zabda jJAna aura darzana kA saMgrAhaka hai| jJAna sAkAropayoga hai aura darzana nirAkAropayoga / / 01 jisase jAti, guNa, kriyA Adi vizeSa dharmoM kA bodha hotA hai vaha jJAnopayoga hai aura jisase sAmAnya dharma arthAt sattA mAtra kA bodha hotA hai vaha darzanopayoga hai|02 jisa karma ke prabhAva se jJAnopayoga AcchAdita rahatA hai vaha jJAnAvaraNa karma hai| AtmA ke jyotirmaya svabhAva ko Avata karane vAle isa karma kI tulanA kapar3e kI paTTI se kI gaI hai| jaise netroM para kapaDe kI paTaTI lagA dene se netra-jJAna avaruddha ho jAtA hai vaise ho jJAnAvaraNa karma ke prabhAva se prAtmA kI samasta padArthoM ko samyaktayA jAnane kI jJAnazakti pAcchAdita ho jAtI hai / 03 66. jIvo uvaoga lkssnno| -uttarA0 28 / 10 100. jIvo uvaogamao, uvogo NANadaMsaNo hoI / -niyamasAra, 10 101. sa dvividho'STacaturbhedaH / -tattvArya0 26 (kha) tattvArtha sUtra bhASya rAkSa 102. pramANanayatattvAloka 27 103. esi jaM AvaraNaM paDuvva cakkhussa taM tayAvaraNaM / -prathama karmagrantha, 6 (kha) paDapaDihArasimijjAhalicittakulAlabhaMDayArINaM, jaha edesi bhAvA tahavi ya kammA muNeyavvA / -gomaTasAra (karmakANDa) 21

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66 dharma aura darzana jJAnAvaraNa karma kI pA~ca uttara prakRtiyA~ haiM - (1) matijJAnAvaraNa (2) zrutajJAnAvaraNa ( 3 ) avadhi jJAnAvaraNa jJAnAvaraNa (5) kevala jJAnAvaraNa / 104 (4) manaHparyAya matijJAnAvaraNa karma indriyoM va mana se hone vAle jJAna kA nirodha karatA hai / zrutajJAnAvaraNa karma zabda aura artha kI paryAlocanA se hone vAle jJAna ko prAcchAdita karatA hai / avadhijJAnAvaraNa karma indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke vinA hone vAle rUpI padArthoM ke maryAdita pratyakSa jJAna ko avaruddha karatA hai / manaH paryAyajJAnAvaraNa karma indriya tathA mana kI sahAyatA ke binA saMjJI jIvoM ke manogata bhAvoM ko jAnane vAle jJAna ko grAcchAdita karatA hai / kevala jJAnAvaraNa karma, sarva dravyoM aura paryAyoM ko yugapat pratyakSa jAnane vAle jJAna ko prAvRta karatA hai / jJAnAvaraNa karma kI uttara prakRtiyA~ sarva ghAtI aura deza ghAtI rUpa se do prakAra kI haiM / 105 jo prakRti svaghAtya jJAna guNa kA pUrNatayA ghAta kare vaha sarvaghAtI hai aura jo svaghAtya jJAna guNa kA AMzika rUpa se ghAta kare vaha dezaghAtI hai / matijJAnAvaraNa, zrutajJAnAvaraNa, avadhijJAnAvaraNa, manaH paryAya jJAnAvaraNa ye cAra (ga) sarauggayasa sinimmalayarassa jIvassa chAyaraNaM jamihaM / NANAvaraNaM kammaM paDovamaM hoi evaM tu // - sthAnAMga, 2 / 4 / 105 TIkA meM uddhRta 104. nANAvaraNaM paMcavihaM, suyaM AbhiNibohiyaM / ohinANaM ca taiyaM maNanANaM ca kevalaM / ( kha ) prajJApanA 23|2 (ga) sthAnAGga 5 / 464 (gha) tattvArtha0 8 / 6-7 - uttarAdhyayana0 33 / 4 105. NANAvaraNijje kamme duvihe paM0 taM0 - desanANAvara Nijje ceva savvaNANAvara Nijje ceva / - sthAnAGga sUtra 204 / 105

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa dezaghAtI haiM aura kevala jJAnAvaraNa sarvaghAtI hai| sarvaghAtI kahane kA tAtparya prabalatama AvaraNa kI apekSA se hai / kevala jJAnAvaraNIya karma sarvaghAtI hone para bhI AtmA ke jJAna guNa ko sarvathA AvRta nahIM karatA, parantu kevala jJAna kA sarvathA nirodha karatA hai| nigodastha jIvoM meM utkaTa jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA udaya rahatA hai| jaise ghanaghora ghaTAyoM se sUrya ke pUrNataH AcchAdita hone para bhI usakI prabhA kA kucha aMza anAvRta rahatA hai jisase dina aura rAta kA vibhAga pratIta hotA hai, vaise hI jJAna kA anantavAM bhAga nitya anAvRta rahatA hai / 106 jaise ghanaghora ghaTAnoM ko vidIrNa kara sUrya kI prabhA bhUmaNDala para AtI hai, para sabhI makAnoM para usakI prabhA eka sadRza nahIM giratI, makAnoM kI banAvaTa ke anusAra manda aura mandatara aura mandatama giratI hai, vaise hI jJAna kI prabhA matijJAnAvaraNa Adi ke udaya ke tAratamya ke anusAra manda, mandatara aura mandatama hotI hai| jJAna, pUrNarUpa se tirohita kabhI nahIM hotaa| yadi aisA ho jAya to jIva ajIva ho jaae| ___isa karma kI sthiti adhikatama tIsa koTA-koTi gAgaropama aura nyUnatama antamuhUrta kI hai / 107 106. (ka) dezaH---jJAnasyA''bhinibodhikAdimAvRNotIti dezajJAnAvaraNIyam, sarva jJAnaM-kevalAkhyamAvRNotIti sarvajJAnAvaraNIyaM, kevalAvaraNaM hi Adityakalpasya kevalajJAnarUpasya / jIvasyAcchAdakatayA sAndrameghavRndakalpamiti tatsarvajJAnAvaraNaM / matyAdyAvaraNaM tu ghanAticchAditAdityeSatprabhAkalpasya kevalajJAnadezasya kaTakuTyAdirUpAvaraNatulyamiti dezAvaraNamiti / -ThANAGga, 2 / 4 / 105 TIkA (kha) sthAnAGga-samavAyAGga, pR0 64-65 paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA / (ga) savvajIvANaM pi ya NaM akkharassa aNaMtabhAgo NiccugghADio havai / jai puNa so vi AvarijjA teNaM jIvo ajIvattaM pAvejjA / 'suTThavi mehasamudaye hoi pabhA candasUrANaM / ' -- nandIsUtra 43 107. udahIsarisanAmANaM, tIsai koddikoddiio| ukkosiyA ThiI hoi, antomuhutaM jahanniyA /

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dharma aura darzana darzanAvaraNa karma padArthoM kI vizeSatA ko grahaNa kiye binA kevala unake sAmAnya dharma kA bodha karanA darzanopayoga hai|108 jisa karma ke prabhAva se darzanopayoga AcchAdita rahatA hai vaha darzanAvaraNIya karma hai / darzana guraNa ke sImita hone para jJAnopalabdhi kA dvAra banda ho jAtA hai| isa karma kI tulanA zAsaka ke usa dvArapAla se kI gaI hai jo zAsaka se kisI vyakti ko milane meM bAdhA upasthita karatA hai| dvArapAla kI binA AjJA ke vyakti zAsaka se nahIM mila sakatA, vaise hI darzanAvaraNa karma vastuproM ke sAmAnya bodha ko rokatA hai / 109 padArthoM ke dekhane meM ar3acana DAlatA hai| ___darzanAvaraNa karma kI nau uttara prakRtiyA~ haiM-(1) cakSurdarzanAvaraNa, (2) acakSurdarzanAvaraNa, (3) avadhidarzanAvaraNa, (4) kevala darzanAvaraNa, (5) nidrA, (6) nidrAnidrA, (7) pracalA, (8) pracalApracalA, (6) styAddhi / 110 AvaraNijjANa duNhaM pi veyaNijje taheva ya / antarAe ya kammammi, ThiI esA viyAhiyA / / -uttarAdhyayana 33 / 16-20 (kha) AditastisRNAmantarAyasya ca triMzatsAgaropamakoTIkoTyaH parA sthitiH / tattvArtha sUtra 8 / 15 (ga) paJcama karmagrantha gA0 26 / 108. jaM sAmannaggaharaNaM, bhAvANaM neva kaTu AgAraM / avisesiUNa atthe, daMsaNamiha vuccae samaye / / 106. saNasIle jIve, daMsaNaghAyaM karei jaM kammaM / taM paDihArasamAraNaM, daMsaNaMvaraNaM bhave jIve // -sthAnAGga 2 / 4 / 105 TIkA dasaNacau paNaniddA, vittisamaM daMsaNAvaraNaM / -prathama karmagrantha hai (ga) gommaTasAra karmakANDa 21, nemicandra 110. niddA taheva payalA, niddAniddA ya payalapayalA ya / tatto ya thANagiddhI u, paMcamA hoi nAyavvA / /

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa ___ cakSurdarzanAvaraNa karma netroM dvArA hone vAle sAmAnya bodha ko AvRta karatA hai| acakSudarzanAvaraNa karma-cakSu ke atirikta anya indriyoM aura mana ke dvArA hone vAle sAmAnya bodha ko prAvRta karatA hai| avadhi darzanAvaraNa karma-indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA AtmA ko rUpI dravyoM kA jo sAmAnya brodha hotA hai use AcchAdita karatA hai| kevaladarzanAvaraNa karma sarva dravya aura paryAyoM ke yugapat hone vAle sAmAnya avabodha ko prAvRta karatA hai| nidrA karma vaha hai, jisase supta prANI sukha se jAga sake, aisI halkI nidrA utpanna ho / nidrAnidrA karma se aisI nIMda utpanna hotI hai jisase supta prAraNI kaThinAI se jAga ske| pracalA-jisa karma se aisI nIMda utpanna ho ki khar3e-khar3e aura baiThe-baiThe bhI nIMda Aye / pracalA-pracalA karma-jisase calate-phirate bhI nIMda Aye / styAnadhijisa karma se dina meM athavA rAta meM soce hue kAryavizeSa ko nidrAvasthA meM sampanna kare, vaisI pragAr3hatama nIMda / darzanAvaraNa karma bhI dezaghAtI aura sarvaghAtI rUpa meM do prakAra kA hai| cakSu, acakSu, avadhidarzanAvaraNa dezaghAtI haiM aura zeSa chaha prakRtiyA~ sarvaghAtI haiM / " sarvaghAtI prakRtiyoM meM kevala cakkhumacakkhUohissa, daMsaNe kevale ya aavrnne| evaM tu navavigappaM, nAyavvaM daMsaNAvaraNaM / / --uttarA0 3315-6 (kha) samavAyAGga sU06 (ga) sthAnAGga 8 / 3 / 668 (gha) cAracakSuravadhikevalAnAM nidrA-nidrAnidrA-pracalA-pracalApracalA styAnagRddhivedanIyAni ca / -tattvArtha sUtra 88 (Ga) prajJApanA 23 / 1 (ca) karmagrantha 111. darisaNAvaraNijje kamme evaM ceva / TIkA-dezadarzanAvaraNIyaM cakSuracakSuravadhidarzanAvaraNIyaM; sarvadarzanAvaraNIyaM tu nidrApaJcakaM kevaladarzanAvaraNIyaM cetyarthaH, bhAvanA tu pUrvavaditi / -ThANAGga 2 / 4 / 105

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70 dharma aura darzana darzanAvaraNa pramukha hai| jJAnAvaraNa kI taraha ise bhI samajha lenA caahie| darzanAvaraNa karma kA pUrNa kSaya hone para jIva kI ananta darzana zakti prakaTa hotI hai, vaha kevala darzana kA dhAraka banatA hai| jaba usakA kSayopazama hotA hai taba cakSu darzana, acakSu darzana aura avadhi darzana prakaTa hotA hai| prastuta karma kI nyUnatama sthiti antamuhUrta kI aura utkRSTa sthiti tIsa koTAkoTi sAgaropama kI hai / 112 vedanIya karma : __AtmA ke avyAbAdha guNa ko prAvRta karane vAlA karma vedanIya hai| vedanIya karma se AtmA ko sukha duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai| usake do bheda haiM-(1) sAtA vedanIya, (2) asAtA vedanIya / 13 sAtA vedanIya karma se jIva ko bhautika sukhoM kI upalabdhi hotI hai| aura asAtA vedanIya karma se mAnasika aura zArIrika duHkha prApta hotA hai / 114 vedanIya karma kI tulanA madhu se lipta talavAra kI dhAra se kI gaI hai / talavAra kI dhAra para lipta madhu ko cATane ke 112. uttarAdhyayana 3316-20 (kha) tattvArtha sUtra 8 / 15 (ga) paMcama karmagrantha gA0 26 (gha) prajJApanA, pada 26 u0 2, sU0 263 113. veyaNIyaM pi duvihaM sAyamasAyaM ca AhiyaM / -uttarAdhyayana 3317 (kha) sthAnAGga 2 / 105 114. yadudayAddevAdigatiSu zarIramAnasasukhaprAptistatsad vedyam / prazastaM vedya savedyamiti / yatphalaM duHkhamanekavidhaM tadasavedyam / aprazastaM vedyamasadvedyamiti / -tattvArtha 8 / 8, sarvArthasiddhi

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa 71 sadRza sAtA vedanIya hai aura jIbha kaTa jAne ke samAna asAtA vedanIya hai / 15 sAta vedanIya karma-ATha prakAra kA hai-manojJa zabda, manojJa rUpa, manojJa gandha, manojJa rasa, manojJa sparza, sukhita mana, sukhita vANI, sukhita kAya jisase prApta ho'16 / ___ asAta vedanIya bhI pATha prakAra kA hai-amanojJa zabda, amanojJa rUpa, amanojJa gandha, amanojJa rasa, amanojJa sparza, duHkhita mana, duHkhita vANI, duHkhita kAya kI prApti jisase ho / 110 vedanIya karma kI jaghanya sthiti uttarAdhyayana 18 aura prajJApanA119 115. mahulittakhaggadhArAlihaNaM va duhA u veyaNiyaM / -prathama karmagrantha, 12 (kha) tathA vedyate ---anubhUyata iti vedanIyaM, sAtaM sukhaM tadra patayA vedyate yattattathA, dIrghatvaM prAkRtattvAt, itarad - etadviparItam Aha camahulittanisiyaka ravAladhAra jIhAe jArisaM lihaNaM, tArisayaM suhaduhauppAyagaM muNaha // -ThANAGga 2 / 4 / 105 TIkA 116. sthAnAGga 8/488 (kha) prajJApanA 23 / 3 117. sthAnAGga 8 / 488 (kha) asAyAvedaNijje NaM bhaMte kamme katividhe paNNate ? goyamA / aTThavidhe pannatte, taM jahA-amaraguNNA saddA, jAva kAyaduhayA / -prajJApanA 23 / 3 / 15 118. udahI sarisanAmANaM, tIsaI koddikoddiio| ukkosiyA ThiI hoi, antomuhuttaM jahAniyA // AvaraNijjANa duNha pi veyaNijje taheva ya / antarAe ya kammammi, ThiI esA viyAhiyA / / -uttarA0 33 / 16-20 116. prajJApanA 23 / 2 / 21-26

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73 dharma aura darzana antarmuhUrta kI batAI hai / bhagavatI 12deg meM do samaya kI kahI gaI hai / ina donoM kathanoM meM koI virodha nahIM samajhanA cAhie, kyoMki muhUrta ke andara kA samaya antarmuhUrta kahalAtA hai / do samaya ko antarmuhUrta kahane meM koI visaMgati nahIM hai / vaha jaghanya antarmuhUrta hai / kintu tattvArtha sUtra 21, aura anya aneka granthoM meM bAraha muhUrta kI pratipAdita kI gaI hai / utkRSTa sthiti sarvatra tIsa koTAkoTi sAgara kI hai / mohanIya karma : jo karma AtmA meM mUr3hatA utpanna kare vaha mohanIya hai / ATha karmoM meM yaha sabase adhika zaktizAlI hai / anya sAta karma prajA haiM to mohanIya karma rAjA hai / 122 yaha AtmA ke vItarAga bhAva -zuddhasvarUpa ko vikRta karatA hai, jisase AtmA rAgadveSa Adi vikAroM se grasta hotA hai / yaha karma sva-paraviveka meM tathA svarUparamaNa meM bAdhA samupasthita karatA hai / isa karma kI tulanA madirApAna se kI gaI hai / jaise madirApAna se mAnava paravaza ho jAtA hai, use apane tathA para ke svarUpa kA bhAna nahIM rahatA, vaha hitAhita ke viveka se vihIna ho jAtA haiM, 120. vedaNijjaM jaha do samayA / - bhagavatI 6 | 3 121. aparA dvAdazamuhUrtA vedanIyasya / 122. - tattvArtha sUtra 8 / 16 (kha) vedanIyaprakRteraparA dvAdazamuhUrtA sthitiriti / (ga) jahannA ThiI veaNIassa bArasa muhuttA | navatatva sAhitya saMgraha : devAnanda sUrikRta, (gha) jaina darzana pR0 354 DA0 mohanalAla mehatA aSTa karma no rAjavI ho, moha prathama kSaya kIna / - - tattvArtha bhASya saptata svaprakaraNa vinayacanda caubIsI

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa vaise hI moha karma ke udaya se jIva ko tattva tattva kA bheda - vijJAna nahIM ho pAtA, vaha saMsAra ke vikAroM meM ulajha jAtA hai / 123 mohanIya karma do prakAra kA hotA hai - (1) darzana mohanIya aura ( 2 ) cAritra mohanIya / 124 yahA~ darzana kA artha tattvArthazraddhAna rUpa AtmaguNa hai / 125 jaise madirApAna se buddhi mUcchita ho jAtI hai vaise hI darzana mohanIya karma ke udaya se AtmA kA viveka vilupta ho jAtA hai / vaha anAtmIya padArthoM ko AtmIya samajhatA hai / 126 vaha dharma ko adharma aura adharma ko dharma mAnatA hai / darzana mohanIya karma tIna prakAra kA hai 127 -- ( 1 ) samyaktva 123. majjaM va mohaNIyaM - prathama karmagrantha, gAthA 13 (kha) jaha majjapANamUDho loe puriso paravvaso hoi, taha moheNa vimUDho jIvo u paravvaso hoi / (ga) gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa ) 21 124. mohaNijjaM pi duvihaM, daMsaNe caraNe tahA / ( kha ) ThANAGga 2|4|105 (ga) prajJApanA 2332 125. tattvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam - sthAnAGga 2 / 4 / 105 TokA 126. yathA madyAdipAnasya, pAkAd buddhivimuhyati / zvetaM zaMkhAdi yadvastu, pItaM pazyati vibhramAt / tathA darzana mohasya, karmaNastudayAdiha / api yAvadanAtmIyamAtmIyaM manute kuha // - tattvArtha sUtra 1 / 2 73 - uttarAdhyayana 33.8 127. sammattaM caiva micchattaM sammAmicchattameva ya / yAo tini payaDIo, mohaNijjassa daMsaNe || ( kha ) sthAnAGga 21184 - paMcAdhyAyI 268-6-7 -- uttarAdhyayana 33 / 6

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dharma aura darzana mohanIya-jo karma samyaktva kA prakaTa honA to nahIM roka sakatA kintu aupazamika aura kSAyika samyagdarzana ko utpanna nahIM hone detaa| (2) mithyAtva mohanIya-jo karma tattva meM zraddhA utpanna nahIM hone detA, aura viparIta zraddhA utpanna karatA hai / (3) mizra mohanoya-jo karma tattva zraddhA meM dolAyamAna sthiti utpanna karatA hai| darzanamohanIya ke zuddha dalika samyaktva mohanIya, azuddha dalika mithyAtva mohanIya aura zuddhAzuddha dalika samyagamithyAtvamohanIya haiM / 128 inameM mithyAtva mohanIya sarvaghAtI hai aura zeSa do dezaghAtI haiM / 129 ___ mohanIya karma kA dvitIya bheda cAritramoha hai| yaha karma AtmA ke cAritra guNa ko utpanna nahIM hone detaa| 130 cAritra mohanIya ke bhI do bheda haiM- (1) kaSAya mohanIya (2) nokaSAya mohanIya / 137 kaSAya mohanIya ke solaha bheda haiM aura no-kaSAya mohanIya ke sAta athavA nau bheda haiM / 132 128. prathama karma grantha, gA0 14-16 / / 126. kevalaNANAvaraNaM, dasaNachakkaM kaSAyavArasayaM / micchaM ca savvaghAdI, sammAmicchaM abaMdhamhi // -gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) 36 (kha) kevalaNANAvaraNaM dasaNachakkaM ca mohabArasagaM / tA sadhvadhAisannA bhavaMti micchattavIsaimaM / -ThANAGga 2 / 4 / 105 TIkA meM uddhata 130. evaM jIvasya cAritraM guNo'styekaH pramANasAt / tanmohayati yatkarma, tatsyAccAritramohanam // -paMcAdhyAyI 2116 131. carittamohaNaM kammaM, duvihaM taM viyAhiyaM / kasAyamohaNijjaM tu nokasAyaM taheva ya // -uttarAdhyayana 33110 (kha) prajJApanA 232 132. solasavihabheeNaM, kammaM tu kasAyajaM / sattavihaM navavihaM vA, kammaM ca nokasAyajaM / / -uttarA0 33 / 11

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa kaSAya mohanIya : kaSAya zabda kaSa aura prAya se banA hai / kaSa-saMsAra AyalAbha, jisase saMsAra arthAt bhavabhramaraNa kI abhivRddhi ho vaha kaSAya hai / 33 krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ke rUpa meM vaha cAra prakAra kA hai | ye cAra bhI anantAnubandhI, apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa, pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa aura saMjvalana, yoM cAra-cAra prakAra ke haiM / isa prakAra solaha bheda kaSAyamohanIya ke haiM / isake udaya se prANI meM krodhAdi kaSAya utpanna hote haiM / anantAnubandhI catuSka ke prabhAva se jIva ananta kAla taka saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA hai / yaha kaSAya samyaktva kA vighAtaka hai / 134 apratyAkhyAnAvaraNIya catuSka ke prabhAva se dezavirati rUpa zrAvaka dharma kI prApti nahIM hotI / pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa catuSka ke 135 ( kha ) prajJApanA 232 (ga) sthAnAGga 8|700; (gha) samavAyAMga - 16 133. kammaM kaso bhavo vA, kasamAto siM kasAyA to / kasamAyayaMti va jato gamayaMti kasaM kasAyatti // 75 - zrAvazyaka malayagiri vRtti pR0 116 - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA0 1227 134. ( ka ) anantAnubaMdhI samyagdarzanopaghAtI / tasyodayAddhi samyagdarzanaM notpadyate / pUrvotpannamapi ca pratipatati / - tattvArtha sUtra 8 / 10 bhASya ( kha ) anantAyanubadhnanti yato janmAni bhUtaye / tato'nantAnubandhyAkhyA - krodhAdyaSu niyojitA // 1935. svalpamapi notsahed yeSAM pratyAkhyAnamihodayAt / apratyAkhyAnasaMjJA to dvitIyeSu (kha) apratyAkhyAna kaSAyodayAdviratirna bhavati -- nivezitA / / -tattvArtha bhASya 8 / 10

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dharma aura darzana udaya se sarvavirati rUpa zramaNadharma kI prApti nahIM hotI / 176 saMjvalana kaSAya ke prabhAva se zramaNa yathAkhyAta cAritrarUpa utkRSTa cAritra prApta nahIM kara sakatA / gommaTasAra meM bhI aisA hI ullekha milatA hai| anantAnabandhI catuSka kI sthiti yAvajjIvana kI, apratyAkhyAnI catuSka kI eka varSa kI, pratyAkhyAnI kaSAya kI cAra mAha kI aura saMjvalana kaSAya kI sthiti eka pakSa kI hai / 131 jinakA udaya kaSAyoM ke sAtha hotA hai yA jo kaSAyoM ko uttajita karate haiM ve nokaSAya haiM / 140 inheM akaSAya bhI kahate haiM / 141 nokaSAya yA akaSAya kA tAtparya kaSAya kA abhAva nahIM, kinta ISatkaSAya hai / 142 nokaSAya ke nau bheda haiM-(1) hAsya, (2) rati, 136. sarvasAvadhavirati : pratyAkhyAnamudAhRtam / tadAvaraNasaMjJA'tastRtIyeSu nivezitA // (kha) pratyAkhyAnAvaraNakaSAyodayAdviratAviratirbhavatyuttamacAritra lAbhastu na bhavati / tattvArtha sUtra 8 / 10 bhASya 137. (ka) saMjvalanakaSAyodayAdyathArakhyAtacAritralAbho na bhavati / -tattvArtha sUtra 810 bhASya 138. sammattadesasayalacarittajahakkhAdacaraNapariNAme / ghAdaMti vA kaSAyA cau sola asaMkhalogamidA / / -gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 283 136. jAjIvavarisaca umAsapakkhagA narayatiriyanara amarA, sammANusavvaviraI ahakhAyacarittaghAyakarA / prathama karmagrantha gA0 18 140. kaSAyasahavartitvAt, kaSAyapreraNAdapi / hAsyAdinavakasyoktA nokaSAyakaSAyatA // 141. tattvArtha rAjavArtika 8 / 6 / 10 142. ISadarthe naH prayogAdISatkaSAyo'kaSAya iti / -sarvArthasiddhi kA

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77 karmavAda : paryavekSaNa (3) arati, (4) bhaya, (5) zoka, (6) jugupsA143, (9) strI veda, (8) puruSa veda (6) napuMsaka veda / / isa prakAra cAritra mohanIya kI paccIsa prakRtiyoM meM se saMjvalana kaSAya catuSka aura nokaSAya ye aghAtI haiM, aura zeSa bAraha prakRti sarvaghAtI haiM / 144 mohanIya karma kI sthijaghanya antamuhUrta kI haiM aura utkRSTa satara koTAkoTI sAgara kI hai / 145 AyuSkarma : jIvoM ke jIvana avadhi kA niyAmaka karma AyuSya hai| isa karma ke astitva se prANI jIvita rahatA hai aura kSaya hone para mRtyu kA AliMgana karatA hai / 146 isa karma kI tulanA kArAgRha se kI gaI hai / jaise nyAyAdhIza aparAdhI ko aparAdha ke anusAra niyata samaya taka kArAgRha meM DAla detA hai, aparAdhI ke cAhane para bhI avadhi ke pUrNa hae binA vaha mukta nahIM ho sktaa| vaise hI AyuSkarma ke kAraNa jIva deha se mukta nahIM ho sakatA / 147 143. yadudayAdAtmadoSasaMvaraNaM paradoSAviSkaraNaM sA jugupsA / -prAcArya pUjyapAda 144. sthAnAGga 2 / 4 / 105 TIkA (kha) gommaTasAra karmakANDa 36 145. (ka) udahIsarisanAmANaM, sattari koDikoDIo / mohaNijjassa ukkosA, antomuhuttaM jahanniyA / / --uttarA 33 / 21 (kha) saptatirmohanIyasya / -tattvArtha / 6 yadbhAbhAvAbhAvayorjIvitamaraNaM tadAyuH // 2 // yasya bhAvAt AtmanaH jIvitaM bhavati yasya cAlAvAt mRta ityucyate tadbhavadhAraNamAyurityucyate / -tattvArtha r.jvaatik-8|1012 (kha) prajJApanA 23 / 1 147. paDapaDihArAsi majjahaDacittakulAlabhaMDagArINaM / jaha eesi bhAvA kammANi vi jAga taha bhAvA // -navatatva sAhitya saMgraha / ava0 vRtyAdisametaM, navattva prakaraNam 74 146.

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78 dharma aura darzana AyuSa karma kA kArya sukha duHkha denA nahIM, kintu niyata avadhi taka kisI eka bhava meM roke rakhanA hai / 148 Ayu karma kI cAra uttara prakRtiyA~ haiM-(1) narakAyu, (2) tiryaJcAyu, (3) manuSyAyu, (4) devAyu / 149 aAyu do rUpoM meM upalabdha hotI hai / apavartanIya aura anapavartanIya / bAhya nimittoM se Ayu kA kama honA apavartana hai| kisI bhI kAraNa se prAyu kA kama na honA anapavartana hai / 150 magara Ayu kama ho jAne kA abhiprAya yaha nahIM ki Ayu karma kA kucha bhAga binA bhoge hI naSTa ho jAtA hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki prAyu karma ke jo pradeza dhIre-dhIre bahuta samaya meM bhoge jAne vAle the; ve saba alpakAla meM-antamuhUrta meM hI bhoga liye jAte haiN| lokavyavahAra meM isI ko akAla mRtyu kahate haiN| (kha) jIvasya avaTThANaM karedi AU haDivva garaM / -gommaTasAra-karmakANDa 11 (ga) suranaratirinarayAU haDisarisaM / -prathama karma grantha 23 148. dukkhaM na dei Au navi ya suhaM dei causuvi gaIsu / dukkhasuhANAhAraM dharei dehaTThiyaM jIyaM / / -ThANAGga 2 / 4 / 105 TIkA 146. nArakartaryagyonamAnuSadevAni / -tattvArtha sUtra 8 / 11 (kha) goyamA ! Auyassa NaM kammassa jIveNaM baddhassa jAva cauvihe aNubhAve pannatta - taM jahA-neraiyAute, tiriyAute, maNuyAute, devaaue| -prajJApanA 2331 (ga) neraiyatirikkhA, maNussA taheva ya / devAuyaM cautthaM tu, pAu kammaM cauvihaM // -uttarAdhyayana 33 / 12 150. tatvArtha sUtra 2 / 52, paM0 sukhalAla jI kA vivecana pR0 112-116 tk|

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76 karmavAda : paryavekSaNa Ayu karma kI sthiti jaghanya antarmuhUrta kI aura utkRSTa tetIsa sAgaropama kI hai / 151 bhagavatI meM utkRSTa sthiti pUrvakoTi tribhAga uparAnta tetIsa sAgaropama varSa kahI hai / 152 nAma karma : jisa karma se jIva gati yAdi paryAyoM ke anubhava karane ke lie bAdhya ho vaha nAma karma hai / 153 athavA jisa karma se jIva meM gati Adi ke bheda utpanna ho, dehAdi kI bhinnatA kA kAraNa ho athavA jisase gatyantara jaise pariNamana hoM, vaha nAma karma hai|54 prastuta karma kI tulanA citrakAra se kI gaI hai| jisa prakAra eka catura citrakAra apanI kalpanA se mAnava, pazu, pakSI, Adi nAnA prakAra ke citra citrita karatA hai, aise hI nAmakarma bhI nAraka, tiryaJca, mAnava aura devoM ke zarIra Adi kI racanA karatA hai| isa prakAra yaha karma zarIra, aGgopAGga, indriya, AkRti, zarIragaThana, yaza, apayaza Adi kA nirmAtA hai / 155 151. tettIsa sAgarovamA, ukkoseNa viyAhiyA / Thii u Aukammassa, antomuhuttaM jahanniyA // --uttarAdhyayana 33 / 22 152. AugaM..."ukko, tettIsaM sAyarovamANi puvvakoDitibhAgabbhahiyANi / -bhagavatI 63 153. nAmayati-gatyAdiparyAyAnubhavanaM prati pravayaNati jIvamiti nAma / prjnyaapnaa23|1|288, TIkA (kha) vicitraparyAyarnamayati-pariNamayati yajjIvaM tannAma / -ThANAGga 2 / 4 / 105 TIkA 154. gadiAdi jIvabhedaM dehAdI poggalANa bhedaM ca / gadiyaMtarapariNamanaM karedi NAmaM aNeyavihaM / / -gommaTasAra-karmakAMDa 12 555. jaha cittayaro niuNo aNegarUvAi kuNai ruuvaaii| sohaNamasohaNAI, cokkhamacokkhehiM vaNNehiM / /

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dharma aura darzana nAma karma ke bhI mukhya do bheda haiM- zubha aura azubha / 156 azubha nAma pAparUpa hai aura zubha nAma puNyarUpa hai / 80 nAma karma kI madhyama rUpa se bayAlIsa uttara prakRtiyA~ bhI hotI haiM / 157 ve isa prakAra haiM : (1) gatinAma - janma -sambandhI vividhatA kA nimitta karma / isake cAra upabheda haiM- (ka) naraka gatinAma, (kha) tiryaJca gatinAma, (ga) manuSya gatinAma (gha) devagati nAsa / (2) jAtinAma - ekendriyatva se lekara paMcendriyatva taka kA anubhava karAne vAlA karma / isake pAMca upabheda haiM - ( ka ) ekendriya jAtinAma, (kha) dvIndriya jAtinAma, (ga) trIndriya jAtinAma, (gha) caturindriya jAtinAma, (Ga) paMcendriya jAti nAma / 1 (3) zarIra nAma - praudArika Adi zarIra kA nirmANa karane vAlA karma / isake pAMca upabheda haiM / (ka) zradArika zarIranAma, (kha) vaikriya zarIranAma, (ga) prAhAraka zarIranAma, (gha) taijasa zarIra nAma, (Ga) kArmaraNa zarIranAma / 156. 157. taha nApi hu kammaM agarUvAi kuNai jIvassa / sohaNamasohaNAi iTTANiTThAi loyassa || - sthAnAGga 2|4|105 TIkA ( kha ) navatattva sAhitya saMgraha, avacUNi vRtyAdisameta / navatattva prakaraNam 74 nAmaM kammaM tu duvihaM suhama puhaMca AhiyaM / (ka) samavAyAGga, sama0 42, ( kha ) prajJApanA 23/2/263 (ga) gatijAtizarIrAGgopAGga nirmANa bandhanasaGghAtasaMsthAna saMhananasparzarasagandhavarNAnupUrvyaguru laghUpaghAtaparAdhAtAtapodyotocchvAsavihA yogatayaH pratyekazarIra sasubhagasusvarazubhasUkSmaparyAptasthirAdeyayazAMsi setarANi tIrthakRttvaM ca / - tattvArtha sUtra 8 / 12 - uttarA0 33|13

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa (4) zarIra-aMgopAGga nAma -zarIra ke avayavoM aura pratyavayavoM kA nimittabhUta krm| isake tIna upabheda haiM -(ka) audArika zarIra aMgopAGga nAma / (kha) vaikriya-zarIra aMgopAGga nAma, (ga) AhArakazarIra aMgopAGga nAma / taijas aura kArmaNazarIra ke avayava nahIM hote| __ (5) zarIrabandhana nAma-pUrva meM grahaNa kiye hue aura vartamAna meM grahaNa kiye jAne vAle zarIrapudgaloM ke paraspara sambandha kA nimittabhUta krm| isake pA~ca upabheda haiM--(ka) audArika zarIra bandhana nAma, (kha) vaikriyazarIra bandhananAma, (ga) AhAraka zarIra bandhana nAma, (gha) taijasazarIra bandhana nAma, (Ga) kArmaNa zarIra bandhana nAma / zarIra bandhana nAma karma ke karmagrantha meM vistAra ko vivakSA se pandraha bheda bhI kiye haiM : (1) audArika-audArika bandhana nAma / (2) audArika-taijasa bandhana nAma / (3) audArika-kArmaNabandhananAma / (4) vaikriy-vaikriybndhnnaam| (5) vaikriya-taijasabandhananAma / (6) vaikriya-kAmaraNabandhananAma / (7) AhAraka-yAhArakabandhananAma / (8) AhAraka-taijasabandhananAma / (8) AhAraka-kAmaraNabandhananAma / (10) audArika-taijasa kArmaNa bandhana nAma / (11) vaikriya-taijasa kArmaNa bandhana nAma / (12) AhAraka-taijasakArmaNa bandhana nAma / (13) taijasa-tejasa bandhana nAma / (14) tejasa-kArmaNabandhananAma / (15) kArmaraNa-kArmaNabandhana nAma /

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82 dharma aura darzana audArika, vaikriya aura aAhAraka-ina tInoM ke pudgaloM kA paraspara bandha nahIM hotA, ataeva yahA~ unake bandhana kI gaNanA nahIM kI gaI haiN| (6) zarIra saMghAtana nAma-zarIra ke dvArA pUrvagRhIta aura gRhyamANa pudgaloM kI yathocita vyavasthA karane vAlA km| isake bhI pA~ca upabheda haiM- (ka) audArika zarIra saMghAtana nAma, (kha) vaikriya zarIra saMghAtana nAma, (ga) AhAraka zarIra saMghAtana nAma, (gha) tejasa zarIra saMghAtana nAma, (Da) kArmaNa zarIra saMghAtana nAma / (7) saMhanana nAma-jisake udaya se asthibandha kI viziSTa racanA ho| isake chaH upabheda haiM-(ka) vajraRSabhanArAca saMhanana nAma, (kha) RSabhanArAca saMhanana nAma, (ga) nArAca-saMhanana nAma, (gha) ardhanArAca saMhanana nAma (Ga) kIlikA-saMhanana nAma (ca) sevArta saMhanana nAma / (8) saMsthAna nAma-zarIra kI vividha prAkRtiyoM kA jisake udaya se nirmANa ho / isake bhI chaH upabheda haiM - (1) samacaturasra saMsthAna, (2) nyagrodha parimaNDala saMsthAna, (3) sAdisaMsthAna nAma, (4) vAmana saMsthAna nAma, (5) kubja saMsthAna nAma, (6) huNDa saMsthAna naam| (9) varNanAma- isa karma ke udaya se zarIra meM raMga kA nirmANa hotA hai / isake bhI pA~ca upabheda haiM--(ka) kRSNavarNa nAma, (kha) nIlavarNa nAma, (ga) lohitavarNa nAma, (gha) hAridravarNa nAma (Ga) zvetavarNa nAma / (10) gandha nAma-isa karma ke udaya se zarIra ke gandha para prabhAva par3atA hai / isake do upabheda haiM--(ka) surabhi-gandha nAma, (kha) durabhigandha naam| (21) rasanAma-isa karma ke udaya se zarIra ke rasa para prabhAva par3atA hai| isake pA~ca upabheda haiM-(ka) tikta-rasa nAma, (kha) kaTu rasa nAma (ga) kaSAya-rasa nAma, (gha) Amla-rasa nAma, (Ga) madhura-rasa nAma / (12) sparza nAma-isa ka kerma udaya se zarIra ke sparza para

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa 83 prabhAva par3atA hai| isake ATha upabheda haiM-(ka) karkaza sparza nAma, (kha) mRdu sparza nAma, (ga) guru sparza nAma, (gha) laghu sparza nAma, (a) snigdha sparza nAma, (ca) rukSa sparza nAma, (cha) zIta sparza nAma, (ja) uSNa sparza naam| (13) agurulaghunAma-jisake udaya se zarIra atyanta guru yA atyanta laghu pariNAma ko na pAkara agurulaghu rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai / (14) upaghAta nAma-isa karma ke udaya se jIva vikRta bane hue apane hI avayavoM se kleza pAtA hai / jaise pratijihvA, coradanta, rasaulI aadi| (15) parAghAta nAma-isa karma ke udaya se jIva apane darzana aura vANI se hI pratipakSI aura prativAdI ko parAjita kara detA hai| (16) prAnupUrvI nAma-janmAntara ke lie jAte hue jIva ko AkAza pradeza kI zreNI ke anusAra niyata sthAna taka gamana karAne vAlA krm| isake bhI cAra upabheda haiM-(ka) naraka-prAnupUrvInAma, (kha) tiyaMca-pAnupUrvI nAma, (ga) manuSya-prAnupUrvI nAna, (gha) devamAnupUrvI nAma / (17) uccha vAsa nAma-isake udaya se jIva zvAsocchavAsa grahaNa karatA hai| (18) Atapa nAma-isa karma ke udaya se anuSNa zarIra meM se uSNa prakAza nikalatA hai / 159 (19) udyota nAma-isake udaya se zarIra zItaprakAzamaya hotA haiM / 160 (20) vihAyogati nAma-isake udaya se prazasta aura aprazasta gati hotI hai| isake bhI do upabheda haiM-(ka) prazasta 159. prastuta karma kA udaya sUrya-maNDala ke ekendriya jIvoM meM hotA hai / unakA zarIra zIta hotA hai para prakAza uSNa hotA hai / 160. deva ke uttara vaikriya zarIra meM se, va labdhidhArI muni ke vaikriya zarIra se tathA cAMda, nakSatra, tArAgaNoM se nikalane vAlA zItaprakAza /

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dharma aura darzana vihAyogati nAma, (kha) prazasta vihAyogati nAma / yahA~ gati kA artha calanA hai / 84 (21) trasa nAma - jisa karma ke udaya se gamana karane kI zakti prApta ho / (22) sthAvara nAma - jisa karma ke udaya se icchApUrvaka gati na hokara sthiratA prApta hotI hai / (23) sUkSma nAma - jisa karma ke udaya se jIva ko carma cakSutroM se agocara sUkSma zarIra prApta ho / (24) bAdara nAma - jisa karma ke udaya se jIva ko carmacakSugocara sthUla zarIra kI upalabdhi ho / (25) paryApta nAma - jisa karma ke udaya se jIva svayogya paryAptiyA~ pUrNa kare / ( 26 ) aparyApta nAma - jisa karma ke udaya se jIva svayogya paryAptiyA~ pUrNa na kara sake / (27) sAdhAraNa zarIra nAma - jisa karma ke udaya se ananta jIvoM ko eka hI sAdhAraNa zarIra prApta ho / (28) pratyeka zarIra nAma - jisa karma ke udaya se jIvoM ko bhinna-bhinna zarIra kI prApti ho / (26) sthira nAma -- jisa karma ke udaya se haDDI, dA~ta prAdi sthira avayava prApta hoM / (30) asthira nAma - jisa karma ke udaya se jihvA zrAdi asthira avayava prApta hoM / (31) zubha nAma - jisa kArma ke udaya hone se nAbhi ke Upara ke avayava prazasta hoM / (32) azubha nAma - jisa karma ke udaya se nAbhi ke nIce ke avayava azubha hote haiM / ( 33 ) subhaga nAma - jisa karma ke udaya se kisI bhI prakAra kA upakAra na karane para bhI aura sambandha na hone para bhI jIva saba ke mana ko priya lage /

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa (34) durbhaga nAma - jisa karma ke udaya se upakAra karane para aura sambandha hone para bhI apriya lage / (35) susvara nAma - jisake udaya se jIva kA svara zrotA ke hRdaya meM prIti utpanna kare / 85 (36) du:svara nAma - jisa karma ke udaya se jIva kA svara prItikArI ho / (37) Adeya nAma - jisa karma ke udaya se jIva kA vacana bahumAnya ho / (38) anAdeya nAma - jisa karma ke udaya se yuktipUrNa vacana bhI amAnya ho / (36) yazaH kIrtinAma --- jisa karma ke udaya se saMsAra meM yaza aura kIrti prApta ho / (40) prayazaH kIrtinAma - jisa karma ke udaya se apayaza aura apakIrti prApta ho / ( 41 ) nirmANa nAma - jisa karma ke udaya se zarIra ke aMga-pratyaMga vyavasthita hoM / (42) tIrthaMkara nAma - jisa karma ke udaya se dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA karane kI zakti prApta ho / prajJApanA 161 va gommaTasAra 162 meM nAma karma ke tirAnave bhedoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai aura karmavipAka meM eka sau tIna 163 bhedoM kA varNana hai / anyatra ikahattara prakRtiyoM kA ullekha hai, jinameM zubha nAma karma kI saiMtIsa prakRtiyA~ mAnI haiM 164 aura azubhanAma 161. prajJApanA 23 / 2 / 263 162. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) 22 163. karmavipAka paM0 sukhalAla jI hindI anuvAda pR0 58 / 105 164. sattattIsaM nAmassa, payaIo punnamAha ( hu ) tA ya imo / - navatattvasAhitya saMgraha : navatattvaprakaraNam 7 bhASya 37

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dharma aura darzana karma kI cauMtIsa165 mAnI haiN| bhedoM kI yaha vividha saMkhyAeM saMkSepa vistAra kI dRSTi se hI haiM / inameM koI tAttvika bheda nahIM hai / ___ nAma karma kI alpatama sthiti ATha muhUrta aura utkRSTa sthiti, bIsa koTAkoTI sAgaropama kI hai / 166 gotrakarma : jisa karma ke udaya se jIva meM pUjyatA, apUjyatA kA bhAva samutpanna ho vaha gotra karma hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAya to jisa karma ke prabhAva se jIva uccAvaca kahalAtA hai vaha gotrakarma hai / 167 AjArya umAsvAti ke zabdoM meM uccagotrakarma deza, jAti, kula, sthAna, mAna, satkAra, aizvaryaM prabhRtiviSayaka utkarSa kA kAraNa hai, aura isase viparIta nIcagotra karma cANDAla, naTa, vyAdha, pAridhi, matsyabandhaka, dAsa Adi bhAvoM kA nivartaka hai / 168 isa karma ke mukhya do bheda haiM (1) ucca gotra karma-jisa karma ke udayase prANI lokapratiSThita kula aAdi meM janma grahaNa karatA hai / 165 mohachavIsA esA, esA puNa hoI nAma cautIsA / -navatattvasAhitya saMgraha : navatattva prakaraNa 8 bhASya 46 166. udahIsarisanAmANaM, bIsaI koddikoddiio| nAmagottANaM ukkosA, aTThamuhuttA jahaniyA // -uttarA033123 (kha) nAmagotrayoviMzatiH / nAmagotrayoraSTau // -tattvArtha sUtra pra08 / 17-20 167. yadvA karmaNo'pAdAnavivakSA gUyate-zabdyate uccAvacaiH zabdairAtmA yasmAt karmaNaH udayAt gotraM / -prajJApanA 23 / 1 / 288 TIkA 168. uccargotraM dezajAtikulasthAnamAnasatkAraizvaryAdya tkarSanivartakam / viparItaM nIcargotraM caNDAlamuSTika vyAdhamatsyabaMdhadAsyAdinirvartakam / / tattvArtha sUtra 8 / 13 bhASya

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa 27 (2) nIcagotrakarma-jisa karma ke udaya se prANI kA janma apratiSThita evaM asaMskArI kula meM hotA hai / 169 ucca gotra karma ke bhI pATha upabheda haiN|- (ka) jAti ucca gotra, (kha) kula ucca gotra, (ga) bala uccagotra, (gha) rUpa uccagotra, (Ga) tapa uccagotra, (ca) zrata uccagotra, (cha) lAbha uccagotra, (ja) (ja) aizvarya uccagotra / inakA artha nAma se hI spaSTa hai| dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki mAtRpakSa ko jAti aura pitRpakSa ko kula kahA jAtA hai| nIca gotra karma ke bhI pATha upabheda haiM171-(ka) jAtinIcagotramAtRpakSIya viziSTatA ke abhAva kA kAraNa, (kha) kulanIca gotrapitRpakSIya viziSTatA ke abhAva kA kAraNa / (ga) balanIca gotra-balavihInatA kA kAraNa / (gha) rUpanIcagotra-rUpavihInatA kA kAraNa (Ga) tapa nIcagotra-tapavihInatA kA kAraNa (ca) zra ta-nIcagotrazratavihInatA kA kAraNa, (cha) lAbhanIcagotra-lAbhavihInatA kA kAraNa, (ja) aizvarya-nIcagotra-aizvaryavihInatA kA kAraNa / ___ isa karma kI tulanA kumhAra se kI gaI hai| kumhAra aneka prakAra ke ghar3oM kA nirmANa karatA hai| unameM se kitane hI ghar3e aise hote haiM jinheM loga kalaza banAkara akSata, candana Adi se cacita karate haiM, aura kitane hI aise hote haiM jo madirA rakhane ke kArya meM Ate haiM aura isa kAraNa nimna mAne jAte haiN| usI prakAra jisa karma ke kAraNa jIva kA vyaktitva zlAghya evaM azlAghya banatA hai72 vaha gotra karma kahalAtA hai| 166. goyaM kammaM tu duvihaM, ucca nIyaM ca AhiyaM / -uttara dhyayana 33 / 14 170. uccaM aTThavihaM hoi, evaM nIyaM pi AhiyaM / -uttarA0 33 / 14 171. prjnyaapnaa-23|1, 262; 23 / 2 / 263 172. (ka) jaha kubhAro bhaMDAi kuNai pujjeyarAi loyassa / iya goyaM kuNa i jiyaM, loe pujjeyarAnatthaM / / -ThANAGga 2 / 4 / 105 TIkA

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88 dharma aura darzana gotra karma kI jaghanya sthiti ATha muhUrta aura utkRSTa sthiti bIsa koTAkoTI sAgaropama kI hai / antarAya karma : jisa karma ke udaya se dene, lene meM, tathA ekabAra yA aneka bAra bhogane aura sAmarthya prApta karane meM avarodha upasthita ho vaha antarAya karma hai / 174 isa karma kI tulanA rAjA ke bhaMDArI se kI gaI hai| rAjA kA bhaNDArI rAjA ke dvArA Adeza dene para bhI dAna dene meM AnAkAnI karatA hai, vighna DAlatA hai, vaise hI yaha karma dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vIrya meM bAdhA upasthita karatA hai / 175 antarAya karma kI pA~ca uttara prakRtiyA~ haiM (1) dAna-antarAya karma-isa karma ke udaya se jIva dAna nahIM de sktaa| (2) lAbha-antarAya karma-isa karma ke udaya se udAra dAtA kI upasthiti meM bhI dAna kA lAbha prApta nahIM ho sakatA, athavA paryApta sAmagrI ke rahane para bhI jisake kAraNa abhISTa vastu kI prApti na ho| (kha) goyaM duhuccanIyaM kulAla iva sughaDabhubhalAIyaM / -prathama karmagrantha, 52 173. uttarAdhyana 33123 (kha) tattvArtha sUtra0 a0 8 / 17-20 174. asti jIvasya vIryAkhyo'styekastadAdivat / tadantarayatIhedamantarAyaM hi karma tat / / -paMcAdhyAyo 2 / 1007 175. jIvaM cArthasAdhanaM cAntarA eti-patatItyantarAyam / idaM caivaM jaha rAyA dANAi Na kuNai bhaMDArie vikUlaMmi / evaM jeNaM jIvo, kammaM taM antarAyaM ti / -tthaannaaNg-2|4|105 TIkA

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa (3) bhoga-anta rAya karma-jo vastu eka bAra bhogI jAya vaha bhoga hai / jaise khAdya-peya Adi / isa karma ke udaya se bhogya padArtha sAmane hone para bhI bhoge nahIM jA sakate / jaise peTa kI kharAbI ke kAraNa sarasa bhojana taiyAra hone para bhI khAyA nahIM jA sktaa| (4) upabhoga-antarAya karma-jo vastu vAra-bAra bhogI jA sake vaha upabhoga hai| jaise-bhavana, vastra, AbhUSaNa Adi / isa karma ke udaya se upabhogya padArtha hone para bhI bhoge nahIM jA skte| (5) vIrya antarAya karma-jisake udaya se sAmarthya kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jA sake aura jisake prabhAva se jIva ke utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya aura puruSAkAra parAkrama kSINa hote haiM / yaha antarAya karma do prakAra kA hai : (1) pratyutpannavinAzI anta rAya karma-jisake udaya se prApta vastu kA vinAza hotA hai| (2) pihita-AgAmipatha antarAya karma-bhaviSya meM prApta hone vAlI vastu kI prApti kA avarodhaka / 176 ___ antarAya karma kI jaghanya sthiti antamuhUrta aura utkRSTa sthiti tIsa koTAkoTI sAgaropama kI hai / 77 jaise tUbA svabhAvataH jala kI sataha para tairatA hai; usI prakAra jIva svabhAvataH UrdhvagatizIla hai, para mRttikAlipta tUbA jaise jala meM nIce jAtA hai, vaise hI karmoM se baddha AtmA kI adhogati hotI hai| vaha bhI nIce jAtI hai / 18 karma bandha : pUrva meM yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki isa saMsAra meM aisA koI sthAna nahIM, jahA~ karmavargaNA ke pudgala na hoN| prANI mAnasika, vAcika 176. antarAie kamme duvihe paM0 taM0 paDuppannaviNAsie ceva pihitaAgAmipahaM / -sthAnAGga 2 / 4 / 105 177. uttarAdhyana 33 // 16 178. jJAtAsUtra

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60 aura kAyika pravRtti karatA hai aura kaSAya ke hai, ataH vaha karmayogya pudgaloM ko sarva hai | AgamoM meM spaSTa nirdeza hai ki ekendriya chahoM dizAoM se karma grahaNa karate haiM, vyAghAta hone para kabhI tIna, kabhI cAra aura kabhI pA~ca dizAoM se grahaNa karate haiM, kintu zeSa jIva niyama se sarva dizAoM se pudgala grahaNa karate haiM / 179 kintu kSetra ke sambandha meM yaha maryAdA hai ki jisa kSetra meM vaha sthita hai usI kSetra meM sthita karma yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karatA hai / anyatra sthita pudgaloM ko nahIM / 1deg yaha bhI vismaraNa nahIM honA cAhiye ki jitanI yogoM kI caMcalatA meM taratamatA hogI usI ke anusAra nyUnAdhika rUpa meM jIva karma pudgaloM ko grahaNa karegA / yogoM kI pravRtti manda hogI to paramANutroM kI saMkhyA bhI kama hogI / zrAgamika bhASA meM ise hI pradeza baMdha kahate haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAya to AtmA ke prasaMkhyAta pradeza hote haiM, una asaMkhya pradezoM meM se eka-eka pradeza para anantAnanta karmapradezoM kA bandha honA pradeza bandha hai / arthAt jIva ke pradezoM aura karma pudugaloM ke pradezoM kA paraspara baddha hojAnA pradeza bandha haiM / 181 176. sambajIvANa kammaM tu saMgahe chaddisAgayaM / savvesu vi paesesu savvaM savveNa baddhagaM // (kha) bhagavatI zataka 17 udda e0 4 O dharma aura darzana uttApa se uttapta hotA dizAoM se grahaNa karatA jIva vyAghAta na hone para (kha) pradezo dalasaMcayaH / (ga) natattvasAhitya saMgraha : ava0 gA0 71 kI vRtti - 180. geNhati tajjogaM ciya reNu puriso jahA kayabbhaMgo / ega to gADhaM jIvo pahaM // * uttarAdhyayana 33 / 18 - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA0 1941 pR0 117 dvi0 bhA0 ( kha ) egapae sogADhaM savvapaesehi kammuNo jogaM / jahutta heu sAiyamaNAiyaM baMdha vAvi // - paMcasaMgraha - 284 1851. pradezAH karmapudgalAH jIvapradezeSvotaprotAH, tadrUpaM karma pradeza karma / - bhagavatI 1/4/40 vRtti vRtyAdisametaM navatattvaprakaraNa

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa gaNadhara gautama ne mahAvIra se pUchA-bhagavan ! kyA jIva aura pudgala anyonya- eka dUsare se baddha, eka dUsare se spRSTa, eka dUsare meM avagADha, eka dUsare meM sneha-pratibaddha haiM aura eka dUsare meM ekameka hokara rahate haiM ? uttara meM mahAvIra ne kahA-he gautama, hA~, rahate haiN| he bhagavan ! aisA kisa hetu se kahate haiM ? he gautama ! jaise eka hrada ho, jala se pUrNa, jala se kinAre taka bharA huA, jala se labAlaba, jala se Upara uThA huA aura bhare hue ghar3e kI taraha sthita / aba yadi koI puruSa usa hrada meM eka bar3I, sau Asrava-dvAra vAlI, sau chidra vAlI nAva chor3e to he gautama ! vaha nAva una prAsrava-dvAroM-chidroM dvArA bharatI-bharatI jala se parNa Upara taka bharI huI, bar3hate hue jala se DhaMkI huI hokara, bhare ghar3e kI taraha hogI yA nahIM? he bhagavan ! hogii| he gautama ! usI hetu se maiM kahatA hU~ ki jIva aura pudgala paraspara baddha, spRSTa, avagAr3ha aura sneha-pratibaddha haiM aura paraspara ekameka hokara rahate haiM / 182 yahI prAtma-pradezoM aura karma pudgaloM kA sambandha pradezabandha hai / yogoM kI pravRtti dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye karmaparamANu jJAna ko prAvata karanA, darzana ko Acchanna karanA, sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karAnA Adi vibhinna prakRtiyoM ke rUpa meM pariNata hote haiN| AtmA ke sAtha baddha hone se pUrva kArmaNa vargaNA ke jo pudgala eka rUpa the, baddha hone ke sAtha hI unameM nAnA prakAra ke svabhAva utpanna ho jAte haiM / ise Agama kI bhASA meM prakRti bandha kahate haiM / 183 (gha) navatattvasAhitya saMgraha : devAnandatarikRta saptatattvaprakaraNa a0 4 182. bhagavatI / 116 183: prakRti svabhAvaH proktaH /

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dharma aura darzana prakRti bandha, aura pradeza bandha ye donoM yogoM kI pravRtti se hote haiM / 184 kevala yogoM kI pravRtti se jo bandha hotA hai vaha sUkhI dIvAra para havA ke jhoMke ke sAtha Ane vAlI retI ke samAna hai| gyArahaveM, bArahaveM aura terahaveM guNa sthAna meM kaSAyAbhAva ke kAraNa karma kA bandhana isI prakAra kA hotA hai| kaSAyarahita pravRtti se hone vAlA karmabandha nirbala, asthAyI aura nAmamAtra kA hotA hai, isase saMsAra nahIM bddh'taa| __ yogoM ke sAtha kaSAya kI jo pravRtti hotI hai usase amuka samaya taka AtmA se pRthak na hone kI kAlika maryAdA pudgalo meM nirmita hotI hai / yaha kAla maryAdA hI Agama kI bhASA meM sthiti bandha hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAya to AtmA ke dvArA grahaNa kI gaI jJAnAvaraNa Adi karma pudgaloM kI rAzi kitane kAla taka AtmapradezoM meM rahegI, usakI maryAdAsthi tibandha hai / 185 jIva ke dvArA grahaNa kI huI zubhAzubha karmoM kI prakRtiyoM kA toba manda Adi vipAka anubhAgabandha hai| karma ke zubha yA azubha phala kI tIbratA yA mandatA rasa hai| udaya meM Ane para karma kA anubhava tIvra yA manda kaisA hogA, yaha prakRtiprabhRti kI taraha karmabandha ke samaya hI niyata ho jAtA hai / ise anubhAgabandha kahate haiM / 186 jina karmo kA AtmA ne bandha kara liyA hai ve avazya hI udaya meM Ate haiM, aura jaba udaya meM Ate haiM taba unakA phala bhoganA par3atA 184. jogA payaDipaesaM / -paMcama karmagrantha, gA 66 (kha) ThANAGga 2 / 4 / 66 TIkA 185. sthiti : kAlAvadhAraNam / 186. anubhAgaH teSAmeva karmapradezAnAM saMvedyamAnatAviSayo rasaH tadra pakarmo'nubhAga-karma / -bhagavatI 1 / 4 / 40 bRtti (kha) anubhAgo raso jJeyaH / (ga) vipaako'nubhaavH| -tattvArtha0 8 / 22

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa hai| kintu anukUla nimitta kAraNa na ho to bahuta-se karma-pradezoM se hI udaya meM Akara-phala diye binA hI pRthak ho jAte haiM / jaba taka phala dene kA samaya nahIM pAtA taba taka baddha karmoM ke phala kI anubhUti nahIM hotI / karmoM ke udaya meM Ane para hI unake phala kA anubhava hotA hai / bandha aura udaya ke boca kA kAla abAdhA kAla kahalAtA hai / baMdhe hue karma yadi zubha hote haiM to una karmoM kA vipAka sukhamaya hotA hai / baMdhe hue karma yadi azubha hote haiM to udaya meM Ane para una karmo kA vipAka duHkhamaya hotA hai / / udaya meM Ane para karma apanI mUlaprakRti ke anusAra hI phala pradAna karate haiM / jJAnAvaraNIya karma apane anubhAva-phala dene kI zakti ke anusAra jJAna kA AcchAdana karatA hai, darzanAvaraNIya karma darzana ko Avata karatA hai / isI prakAra anya karma bhI apanI prakRti ke anusAra tIba yA manda phala pradAna karate haiN| unakI mUla prakRti meM ulaTa phera nahIM hotaa| para uttara-prakRtiyoM ke sambandha meM yaha niyama pUrNataH lAgU nahIM hotaa| eka karma kI uttara prakRti usI karma kI anya uttara prakRti ke rUpa meM parivartita ho sakatI hai| jaise matijJAnAvaraNa karma zru tajJAnAvaraNa karma ke rUpa meM pariNata ho sakatA hai| phira usakA phala bhI zra tajJAnAvaraNa ke rUpa meM hI hogaa| kintu uttara prakRtiyoM meM bhI kitanI hI prakRtiyA~ aisI haiM jo sajAtIya hone para bhI paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM karatIM, jaise darzana mohanIya aura cAritra mohanIya / darzana mohanIya, cAritra mohanIya ke rUpa meM aura cAritra mohanIya darzana mohanIya ke rUpa meM saMkramaNa nahIM krtaa| isI prakAra samyaktva vedanIya aura mithyAtva vedanIya uttara prakRtiyoM kA bhI saMkramaNa nahIM hotA / AyuSya kI uttara prakRtiyoM kA bhI paraspara sakramaNa nahIM hotaa| jaise nAraka aAyuSya tiryaMca AyuSya ke rUpa meM yA anya prAyuSya ke rUpa meM nahIM badala sktaa| isI prakAra anya AyuSya bhii|187 187. uttaraprakRtiSu sarvAsu mUlaprakRtyabhinnAsu na tu mUlaprakRtiSu saMkramo

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dharma aura darzana prakRti-saMkramaNa kI taraha bandhakAlIna rasa meM bhI parivartana ho sakatA hai / manda rasa vAlA karma, bAda meM tIbra rasa vAle karma ke rUpa meM badala sakatA hai aura tIna rasa, manda rasa ke rUpa meM ho sakatA hai| gaNadhara gautama ne mahAvIra se pachA-bhagavan ! anya yUthika isa prakAra kahate haiM ki 'saba jIva evaMbhUta-vedanA (jaisA karma bA~dhA hai vaise hI) bhogate haiM- yaha kisa prakAra hai ? mahAvIra ne kahA-gautama ! anya yUthika jo isa prakAra kahate haiM vaha mithyA hai| maiM isa prakAra kahatA hai-ki kaI jIva evaM bhUta vedanA bhogate haiM aura kaI an-evaMbhUta vedanA bhI bhogate haiM / jo jIva kiye hue karmoM ke anusAra hI vedanA bhogate haiM ve evaMbhUta vedanA bhogate haiM aura jo jIva kie hue karmoM se anyathA bhI vedanA bhogate haiM, ve an-evaMbhUta vedanA bhogate haiM / 188 __ sthAnAGga meM caturbhaGgI hai-(1) eka karma zubha hai aura usakA vipAka bhI zubha hai, (2) eka karma zubha hai kintu vipAka azubha hai, (3) eka karma azubha hai para usakA vipAka zubha hai, (4) eka karma azubha hai aura usakA vipAka bhI azubha hai / 189 vidyate,..."uttaraprakRtiSu ca darzanacAritramohanIyayoH samyagmithyAtvavedanIyasyAyuSkasya ca"..." -tattvArtha sUtra 8 / 22 bhASya (kha) anubhavo dvidhA pravartate svamukhena paramukhena ca / sarvAsAM mUlaprakRtinAM svamukhenaivAnubhavaH / uttaraprakRtInAM tulyajAtIyAnAM paramukhenApi bhavati / AyudarzanacAritramohavarjAnAm / na hi narakAyumukhena niryagAyurmanuSyAyurvA vipacyate / nApi darzanamohazcAritramohamukhena cAritramoho vA darzanamohamukhena / -tattvArtha : 822 sarvArtha siddhi (ga) tattvArtha sUtra0 paM0 sUkhalAla jI hindI dvi0 saM0 pR0 263 mottaNaM AuyaM khalu, daMsaNamohaM carittamohaM ca / sesANaM payaDINaM, uttaravihisaMkamo bhajjo / -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya-gA0 1938 188. bhagavatI 25 186. sthAnAGa 4:4 / 312

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki isakA mUla kAraNa kyA hai ? jaina karmasAhitya samAdhAna karatA hai ki karma ko vibhinna avasthAe haiN| mukhya rUpa se unheM gyAraha bhedoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM190--(1) bandha, (2) sattA, (3) udvartana-utkarSa, (4) apavartana-apakarSa, (5) saMkramaNa, (6) udaya, (7) udIraNA, (8, upazamana, (9) nidhatti, (10) nikAcita aura (11) abAdhA-kAla / (1) bandha :-- prAtmA ke sAtha karma paramANutroM kA sambandha honA, kSIra-nIravat ekameka ho jAnA bandha hai / 11 bandha ke cAra prakAra haiM / inakA varNana pUrva kiyA jA cukA hai| sthAnAGga kI taraha bauddha sAhitya meM ullekha hai :(1) kitane hI karma aise hote haiM jo kRSNa hote haiM aura kRSNa-vipAkI hote haiN| (2) kitane hI karma aise hote haiM jo zukla hote haiM aura zulka vipAkI hote haiN| (3) kitane hI karma kRSNa-zukla mizra hote haiM aura vaise hI vipAka vAle hote haiN| (4) kitane hI karma akRSNa-zukla hote haiM aura akRSNa-zukla vipAkI hote haiN| -aMguttara vikAya 4 / 232-233 160. dravya saMgraha TIkA gA0 33 (kha) Atma mImAMsA-paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA pR0 128 (ga) jaina darzana (gha) zrI amara bhAratI varSa 1 161. AtmakarmaNoranyo'nyapradezAnupravezAtmako bandhaH / -tattvArtha sUtra 14 sarvArtha siddhi (kha) baMzca-jIvakarmaNo : saMzleSaH -uttarAdhyayana 28 / 14 nemicandrIya TIkA (ga) baMdhanaM bandhaH sakaSAyatvAt jIvaH karmaNo-yogyAn pudgalAn Adatta yaH sa bandhaH iti bhAvaH / - sthAnAGga 1 / 4 / 6 TIkA

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dharma aura darzana ( 2 ) sattA - prAbaddha karma apanA phala pradAna kara jaba taka AtmA se pRthaka nahIM ho jAte taba taka ve AtmA se hI sambaddha rahate haiM, ise jaina dArzanikoM ne sattA kahA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAya to bandha hone aura phalodaya hone ke bIca karma grAtmA meM vidyamAna rahate haiM, vaha sattA hai / usa samaya karmoM kA astitva rahatA hai, para ve phala pradAna nahIM karate / 66 (3) udvartana - utkarSa - AtmA ke sAtha Abaddha karma kI sthiti aura anubhAga bandha tatkAlIna pariNAmoM meM pravahamAna kaSAya kI tIvra evaM mandadhArA ke anurUpa hotA hai / usake pazcAt kI sthiti - vizeSa athavA bhAva vizeSa ke kAraNa usa sthiti evaM rasa meM vRddhi honA udvartana utkarSa hai / (4) apavartana - apakarSa - pUrva baddha karma kI sthiti evaM anubhAga ko kAlAntara meM nUtana karma-bandha karate samaya nyUna kara denA apavartanaapakarSa hai / isa prakAra udvartana utkarSa se viparIta apavartanaapakarSa hai / udvartana aura apavartana kI prastuta vicAradhArA yaha pratipAdita karatI hai ki Abaddha karma kI sthiti aura isakA anubhAga ekAntataH (gha) sakaSAyatayA jIvaH karmayogyAMstu pudgalAn / yadAdatta e sa bandhaH syAjjIvAsvAtantryakAraNam // navatattva sAhitya saMgrahaH; saptatattvaprakaraNa gA0 133 (Ga) bajjhadi kammaM jeNa du cedaNabhAveNa bhAvabandho so, kammAdapasaraNaM aNopavesa idaro / - dravyasaMgraha - 2132, nemicandra si0 cakravartI (ca) dravyato bandho nigaDAdibhirbhAivataH karmmaNA / -ThANAGga 11416 TIkA (cha) nanu bandho jIvakarmaNoH saMyogo'bhipretaH (ja) mithyAtvAdibhirhetubhiH karmayogyavargaNApudgalairAtmanaH kSIranIravadvanhyayaHpiNDavadvAnyonyAnugamAbhedAtmakaH sambandho baMdhaH / -navatattva sAhitya saMgrahaH vRtyAdisameta navatattva prakaraNam gAthA 71 kI prAkRta zravacUrNi --

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa niyata nahIM hai, usameM adhyavasAyoM kI prabalatA se parivartana bhI ho sakatA hai / kabhI-kabhI aisA hotA hai ki prAraNI azubha karma kA baMdha karake zubha kArya meM pravRtta ho jAtA hai / usakA asara pUrva baddha azubha karmoM para par3atA hai jisase usa lambI kAlamaryAdA aura vipAka zakti meM nyUnatA ho jAtI hai / isI prakAra pUrva meM zreSTha kArya karake pazcAt nikRSTha kArya karane se pUrvabaddha puNya karma kI sthiti evaM anubhAga meM mandatA zrA jAtI hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki saMsAra ko ghaTAne-bar3hAne kA prAdhAra pUrvakRta karma kI apekSA vartamAna adhyavasAyoM para vizeSa prAdhata hai / (5) saMkramaNa - eka prakAra ke karma paramANuoMoM kI sthiti Adi kA dUsare prakAra ke karma-paramANuoM kI sthiti Adi ke rUpa meM pari vartita ho jAne kI prakriyA ko saMkramaNa kahate haiM / isa prakAra ke parivartana ke lie kucha nizcita maryAdAe~ haiM, jinakA ullekha pUrva kiyA jA cukA hai / saMkramaNa ke cAra prakAra haiM - ( 1 ) prakRti - saMkramaNa, (2) sthiti-saMkramaNa, (3) anubhAva - saMkramaNa, (4) pradeza saMkramaNa / 192 (5) udaya - karma kA phaladAna udaya hai / yadi karma apanA phala dekara nijIrNa ho jAya to phalodaya hai aura phala ko diye binA ho naSTa ho jAya to pradezodaya hai / 4 (7) udIraNA - niyata samaya se pUrva karma kA udaya meM AnA udIraNA hai / jaise samaya ke pUrva hI prayatna se grAma Adi phala pakAye jAte haiM vaise hI sAdhanA se Abaddha karma kA niyata samaya se pUrva bhoga kara kSaya kiyA jA sakatA hai / sAmAnyataH yaha niyama hai ki jisa karma kA udaya hotA hai usI ke sajAtIya karma kI udIraNA hotI hai| 67 (8) upazamana - karmoM ke vidyamAna rahate hue bhI udaya meM Ane ke lie unheM akSama banA denA upazama hai / arthAt karma kI vaha avasthA jisameM udaya athavA udIraraNA saMbhava nahIM kintu uvartana, apavartana, aura saMkramaNa kI saMbhAvanA ho vaha upazamana hai / jaise aMgAre ko rAkha se isa prakAra AcchAdita kara denA jisase vaha apanA kArya na kara 162. sthAnAGga 4 // 216 10

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dharma aura darzana sake / vaise hI upazamana-kriyA se karma ko isa prakAra dabA denA jisase vaha apanA phala nahIM de ske| kintu jaise prAvaraNa ke haTate hI aMgAre jalAne lagate haiM, vaise hI upazama bhAva ke dUra hote hI upazAnta karma udaya meM Akara apanA phala denA prArambha kara dete haiN| (6) nidhatti--jisameM karmoM kA udaya aura saMkramaNa na ho sake 'kintu udvartana-apa partana kI saMbhAvanA ho vaha nidhatti hai / 93 yaha bhI cAra prakAra94 vA hai| (1) prakRti nidhatta (2) sthiti nidhatta (3) anubhAva nidhatta (4) pradeza nidhatta / (10) nikAcitta-jisameM udvartana, apavartana saMkramaNa evaM udIraNA ina cAroM avasthAoM kA abhAva ho vaha nikAcita hai| arthAt AtmA ne jisa rUpa meM karma bAMdhA hai prAyaH usI rUpa meM bhoge binA usakI nirjarA nahIM hotii| vaha bhI prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga, aura pradeza rUpa meM cAra prakAra kA hai / 195 (11) abAdhAkAla-karma baMdhane ke pazcAt amuka samaya taka kisI prakAra phala na dene kI avasthA kA nAma abAdha-avasthA hai / abAdhAkAla ko jAnane kA prakAra yaha hai ki jisa karma kI sthiti jitanesAgaropama kI hai utane hI sau varSa kA usakA abAdhA kAla hotA hai / jaise jJAnAvaraNIya kI sthiti tIna koTAkoTi sAgaropama kI hai to avAdhAkAla tIsa sau (tIna hajAra) varSa kA hai / bhagavatI meM aSTakarma prakRtiyoM kA abAdhA kAla batAyA hai196 aura prajJApanA197 meM aSTakarma prakRtiyoM kI uttara prakRtiyoM kA bhI abAdhAkAla ullikhita hai, vizeSa jijJAsuoM ko mUla grantha dekhane cAhie / ___ jaina karma sAhitya meM ina karmoM kI avasthAoM evaM prakriyAoM kA jaisA vizleSaNa hai vaisA anya dArzanikoM ke sAhitya meM dRggocara nahIM 193. karma prakRti gA0 2 164. sthAnAMga 4 / 266 165. sthAnAMga 4 / 266 166. bhagavatI 2 / 3 167. prajJApanA 23 / 2 / 21-26

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa hotaa| hA~, yoga-darzana meM niyatavipAkI, aniyatavipAkI; aura AvApagamana ke rUpa meM karma kI vividha dazA kA ullekha kiyA hai| niyatavipAkI karma kA artha hai-jo niyata samaya para apanA phala pradAna kara naSTa ho jAtA hai| aniyatavipAkI karma kA artha hai-jo karma binA phala diye hI prAtmA se pRthak ho jAte haiM / aura pAvApagamana karma kA artha hai-eka karma kA dUsare meM mila jAnA / 198 yogadarzana kI ina trividha avasthAmoM kI tulanA kramazaH nikAcita, pradezodaya, aura saMkramaNa ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai| karma baMdhana se mukti kA upAya : ___ bhAratIya karma sAhitya meM jaise karma baMdha aura unake kAraNoM kA vistAra se nirUpaNa hai usI prakAra una karmoM se mukta hone kA sAdhana bhI pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / prAtmA nita naye karmo kA bandhana karatA hai, purAne karmoM ko bhoga kara naSTa karatA hai| aisA koI samaya nahIM hai jisa samaya vaha karma nahIM bA~dhatA ho / taba prazna ho sakatA hai ki vaha karmoM se mukta kaise hogA? uttara hai-tapa aura sAdhanA me / jaise khAna meM sonA aura miTTI donoM ekameka hote haiM, kintu tApa Adi ke dvArA jaise unheM alaga-alaga kara diyA jAtA hai, vaise hI AtmA aura karmo ko bhI samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakacAritra se pRthaka kiyA jAtA hai / jainadarzana ne ekAnta rUpa se nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya, vedAnta, mahAyAna (bauddha) kI taraha jJAna ko pramukhatA nahIM dI hai aura na ekAnta rUpa se mImAMsaka darzana kI taraha kriyA-kANDa para hI bala diyA hai| kintu jJAna aura kriyA ina donoM ke samanvaya ko hI mokSa mArga mAnA hai / 199 cAritrayukta alpajJAna bhI mokSa kA hetu hai aura virAT jJAna bhI, yadi cAritra rahita hai to, mokSa kA kAraNa nahIM 168. yogadarzana, vyAsa bhASya 2013 166. suyanANammi vi jIvo, vaTTanto so na pAuNai mokkhaM / jo tava-saMjamamaie, joge na caei vo? je / -Avazyaka niyukti gA0 64

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100 dharma aura darzana hai / 20deg prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke zabdoM meM cAritrahIna zru tavettA candana kA bhAra Dhone vAle gadhe ke samAna hai / 201 sArAMza yaha hai ki samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra mokSa kA hetu hai| jahA~ ye donoM samyak hote haiM vahA~ samyag darzana avazya hotA hai, ataH AcAryoM ne tInoM ko mokSa kA mArga kahA hai / 202 AgamoM meM jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa ko mokSamArga rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai / 203 kintu yaha zAbdika antara hai, vAstavika nahIM / kahIM para darzana ko jJAna ke antargata ginakara jJAna aura kriyA ko mokSa kA kAraNa batAyA hai, aura kahIM para tapa ko cAritra se garbhita kara jJAna, darzana, aura cAritra ko mokSamArga kahA hai| baddha karmoM se mukta hone ke lie sarva prathama sAdhaka saMvara kI sAdhanA 200. appaMpi suyamahIyaM, pagAsayaM hoi caraNajuttassa / / ekko'vi jaha paIvo, sacakkhuyassa payAsei / -Avazyaka niyukti gA0 66 201. jahA kharo candaNabhAravAhI, __ bhArassabhAgI na hu caMdaNassa / evaM khu nANI caraNeNa hINo, nANassa bhAgI na hu suggaIe / -prAvazyaka niyukti gA0 100 202. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / -tattvArtha sUtra 111 (kha) nANaM payAsayaM sohao tavo, saMjamo ya guttikro| tiNhapi samAoge, mokkho jiNasAsaNe bhnnio| Avazyaka niyukti gA0 103 203. nANaM ca daMsaNaM ceva, carittaM ca tavo thaa| esa maggu tti pannatto, jiNehiM varadaMsihiM / / nANaM ca daMsaraNaM ceva, carittaM ca tavo thaa| eyamaggamaNuppattA, jIvA gacchanti soggai / -uttarAdhyayana pra0 28 gA0 2-3

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa 101 se navIna karmoM ke Agamana ko rokatA hai / 204 AcArya zrI hemacandra ke zabdoM meM-'jisa taraha caurAhe para sthita baha-dvAravAle gRha meM dvAra baMda na na hone para nizcaya hI raja praviSTa hotI hai aura cikanAI ke yoga se vahIM cipaka jAtI hai, aura yadi dvAra banda ho to raja praviSTa nahIM hotI aura na cipakatI hai, vaise hI yogAdi prAsravoM ko sarvataH avaruddha kara dene para saMvRta jIva ke pradezoM meM karmadravya kA praveza nahIM hotaa|" ___"jisa taraha tAlAba meM sarvadvAroM se jala kA praveza hotA hai, para dvAroM ko pratiruddha kara dene para thor3A bhI jala praviSTa nahIM hotA, vaise hI yogAdi prAsravoM ko sarvataH avaruddha kara dene para saMvRta jIva ke pradezoM meM karmadravya kA praveza nahIM hotA hai|" "jisa taraha naukA meM chidroM se jala praveza pAtA hai aura chidroM ko roka dene para thor3A bhI jala praviSTa nahIM hotA, vaise hI yogAdi prAsravoM ko sarvataH avaruddha kara dene para saMvRta jIva ke pradezoM meM karmadravya kA praveza nahIM hotA / 25 204. zubhAzubhakarmAgamadvArarUpa prAsravaH / AsravanirodhalakSaNaH saMvaraH / -tatvArtha0 114 sarvArtha siddhi 205. yathA catuSpathasthasya, bahudvArasya vezmanaH / anAvRteSu dvAreSu, rajaH pravizati dhra vam // praviSTaM snehayogAcca, tanmayatvena badhyate / na vizena ca badhyeta, dvAreSu oNgateSu ca // yathA vA sarasi kvApi, sarvaidvAraivizejjalam / teSu tu pratiruddha Su, pravizenna manAgapi / / yathA vA yAnapAtrasya, madhye randhrauvizejjalam / kRte rundhrapidhAne tu, na stokamapi tadvizet / / yogAdiSvAsravadvAreSvevaM ruddha Su sarvataH / karmadravyapravezo na, jIve saMvarazAlini / / -navatattva sAhitya saMgraha : zrI hemacandra sUrikRta saptatatva prakaraNam 118-122

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102 dharma aura darzana isa prakAra sAdhaka saMvara se prAgantuka karmoM ko rokane ke sAthasAtha nirjarA kI sAdhanA se pUrvasaMcita karmoM ko kSaya karatA hai / 206 karmoM kA eka deza se AtmA se chUTanA nirjarA hai207 aura jaba sampUrNa karmoM ko sarvatobhAvena naSTa kara detA haiM taba aAtmA siddha, buddha aura mukta ho jAtA hai / 208 jaba AtmA eka bAra pUrNa rUpa se karmoM se vimukta ho jAtA hai to phira vaha kabhI karma baddha nahIM hotaa| kyoMki usa avasthA meM karma bandha ke kAraNoM kA sarvathA abhAva ho jAtA hai| jaise bIja ke jala jAne para usase punaH aMkura kI utpatti nahIM hotI vaise hI karma rUpI bIja ke samparNa jala jAne para saMsAra rUpI aMkura kI utpatti nahIM hotI / 209 isase spaSTa hai ki jo AtmA karmoM se baMdhA ho, vaha eka dina unase mukta bhI ho sakatA hai / apUrva dena : __ karmavAda kA siddhAnta bhAratIya darzana kI aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina darzana kI vizva ko eka aparva aura alaukika dena hai| isa siddhAnta ne mAnava ko anukUla aura pratikUla paristhiti meM dIpaka kI lau kI taraha nahIM apitu dhrava kI taraha aTala rahane kI preraNA dI hai| jana-jana 206. nANeNa jANaI bhAve, daMsaNeNa ya saddahe / caritteNa nigiNhAi, taveNa parisujjhaI // -uttarA0 28 / 35 207. ekadezakarmasaMkSayalakSaNA nirjraa| / --tatvArtha 1 / 4 sarvArtha siddhi 208. kRtsnakarmakSayo mokSaH / -tatvArtha0 103 (kha) mokSasya na hi vAso'sti na nAmAntarameva ca / ajJAna- hRdaya granthinAzo, mokSa iti smRtaH / / -zivagItA13-32 206. dagdhe bAje yathAtyantaM, prAdurbhavati nAGa kuraH / karmabIje tathA dagdhe, na rohati bhavAMkuraH / / -tatvArtha bhASyagata antima kArikA 8

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karmavAda : paryavekSaNa mana meM se zvAnavRtti ko haTAkara siMha vRtti jAgRta kI hai / karmavAda kI mahattA ke sambandha meM etadartha hI DAkTara meksamUlara ne kahA hai "yaha to nizcita hai ki karmamata kA asara manuSya jIvana para behada huA hai| yadi kisI manuSya ko yaha mAlUma par3e ki vartamAna aparAdha ke sivAya bhI mujhako jo kucha bhoganA par3atA hai, vaha mere pUrva janma ke karma kA hI phala hai, to vaha purAne karja ko cukAne vAle manuSya kI taraha zAnta bhAva se usa kaSTa ko sahana kara legA aura vaha manuSya itanA bhI jAnatA ho ki sahanazIlatA se purAnA karja cukAyA jA sakatA hai tathA usI se bhaviSya ke lie nIti kI samRddhi ikaTThI kI jA sakatI hai to usako bhalAI ke rAste para calane kI preraNA Apa hI Apa hogii| acchA yA burA koI bhI karma naSTa nahIM hotA, yaha nItizAstra kA mata aura padArtha zAstra kA bala-saMrakSaNa sambandhI mata samAna hI hai / donoM matoM kA prAzaya itanA hI hai ki kisI kA nAza nahIM hotA / kisI bhI nItizikSA ke astitva ke sambandha meM kitanI hI zaMkA kyoM na ho para yaha nirvivAda siddha hai ki karmamata sabase adhika jagaha mAnA gayA hai| usase lAkhoM manuSyoM ke kaSTa kama hue haiM aura usI mata se manuSyoM ko vartamAna saMkaTa jhelane kI zakti paidA karane tathA bhaviSya jIvana ko sudhArane meM uttejana milA hai / 210 jo satya ke anveSI sudhI aura dhairyavAn pAThaka haiM unheM yaha satya - tathya anubhava hue binA nahIM rahegA ki bhAratIya darzana kA karmavAda siddhAnta adbhuta ananya aura aparAjeya hai / isa vaijJAnika yuga meM bhI yaha eka cirantana jyoti ke rUpa meM mAnava mAtra ke patha ko Alokita kara sakatA hai / 210. darzana aura cintana, dvi0 khaNDa pR0 216 / 103

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cAra syAdvAda kyA hai ? dArzanika jagat ko jaina darzana ne jo maulika evaM asAdhAraNa dena dI hai, usameM anekAntavAda kA siddhAnta sarvopari hai / anekAntavAda jaina paramparA kI eka vilakSaNa sUjha hai, jo vAstavika satya kA sAkSAtkAra karane meM sahAyaka hai / anekAnta kA pratipAdaka vAda syAdvAda kahalAtA hai / syAdvAda 'syAdvAda' pada meM do zabda haiM- syAt aura vAda / 'syAt' zabda tiGanta pada jaisA pratIta hotA hai, kintu vAstava meM yaha eka avyaya hai jo "kathaMcit, kisI apekSA se, pramuka dRSTi se isa artha kA dyotaka hai' | 'vAda' zabda kA artha siddhAnta, mata yA pratipAdana karanA hotA hai| isa prakAra syAdvAda pada kA artha huA - sApekSa - siddhAnta, apekSAvAda, kathaMcitvAda yA vaha siddhAnta jo vividha dRSTi binduoM se vastutattva kA nirIkSaNa-parIkSaNa karatA hai / 1. syAditi zabdo anekAntadyotI pratipattavyo na punavidhi vicAra praznAdidyotI, tathA vivakSApAyAt / - praSTasahastrI pu0 296 sarvathAtvaniSedhako'nekAntatAdyotakaH kathaJcidarthe syAcchando nipAtaH / - paJcAstikAya TIkA, zrI amRtacandra

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syAdvAda 105 jainAcAryoM ne syAdvAda ko hI apane cintana kA AdhAra banAyA hai| cintana kI yaha paddhati hameM ekAMgI vicAra aura nizcaya se bacAkara sarvAGgINa vicAra ke lie prerita karatI hai aura isakA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki hama satya ke pratyeka pahalU se paricita ho jAte haiN| vastutaH samagra satya ko samajhane ke lie syAdvAda dRSTi hI ekamAtra sAdhana hai / syAdvAda paddhati ko apanAe binA virATa satya kA sAkSAtkAra honA sambhava nhiiN| jo vicAraka vastu ke aneka dharmoM ko apanI dRSTi se ojhala karake kisI eka hI dharma ko pakar3akara aTaka jAtA haiM vaha satya ko nahIM pA sakatA / isIlie AcArya samantabhadra ne kahA hai--'syAt' zabda satya kA pratIka hai / aura isI kAraNa jenAcAryo kA yaha kathana hai ki jahA~ kahIM syAt zabda kA prayoga na dRSTigocara ho vahA~ bhI use anusyUta hI samajha lenA caahie| ___ syAdvAda-dRSTi vividha apekSAnoM se eka hI vastu meM nityatA, anityatA, sadRzatA, visadRzatA, vAcyatA, avAcyatA, sattA, asattA Adi paraspara viruddha-se pratIta hone vAle dharmoM kA avirodha pratipAdana karake unakA sundara evaM buddhisaMgata samanvaya prastuta karatI hai| sAdhAraNatayA syAdvAda ko hI anekAntavAda kaha diyA jAtA hai, kintu sUkSma dRSTi se vicAra karane para pratIta hotA hai ki donoM meM pratipAdya-pratipAdaka sambandha hai / anekAntAtmaka vastu ko bhASA dvArA 2. eyante niravekkhe no sijjhai vivihayAvagaM davvaM / 3. syAtkAraH satyalAJchanaH / 4. so'prayukto'pi sarvatra syAtkAro'rthAtpratIyate / -laghIyastraya, zlo0 22 5. syAnnAzi nityaM sadRzaM virUpaM, vAcyaM na vAcyaM sadasattadeva / / -anyayogavyavaccheda dvAtriMzikA, zloka 25 prAcArya hemacandra

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106 dharma aura darzana pratipAdita karane vAlA siddhAnta syAdvAda kahalAtA hai / isa prakAra syAdvAda ta hai aura anekAnta vastugata tattva hai / donoM hI vastutattva ke prakAzaka haiM / vastukA sAkSAt jJAna karAtA hai zrasAkSAt jJAna karAtA hai / AcArya samantabhadra ne spaSTa kiyA hai - syAdvAda aura kevalajJAna bheda itanA hI hai ki kevalajJAna jaba ki syAdvAda zruta hone se 7 samanvaya kA zreSTha mArga : jagat kI vibhinna dArzanika paramparAnoM meM jo paraspara viruddha vicAra prastuta kie haiM, unakA adhyayana karane para jijJAsu ko ghora nirAzA honA svAbhAvika hai| una vicaroM meM eka pUrva kI ora jAtA hai to dUsarA pazcima kI or| aisI sthiti meM jijJAsu apanI AsthA sthira kare to kisa para ? kise vAstavika aura kise avAstavika svIkAra kare ? Akhira ye dArzanika kisI bhI viSaya meM ya kA hote / zrAtmA jaise mUlatattva ke sambandha meM bhI inake hariNA ma AkAza-pAtAla kA antara hai / cArvAkadarzana grAtmatattva kI sattA ko hI asvIkAra karatA hai / jo darzana use svIkAra karate haiM unameM bhI ekamata nahIM / sAMkhyadarzana AtmA ko kUTasthanitya evaM avikArI kahatA hai / usake mantavya ke anusAra AtmA prakarttA hai, nirguNa hai / naiyAyika-vaizeSikoM ne parivartana to mAnA, para use guNoM taka hI sImita rakhakhA / mImAMsaka avasthAoM meM parivartana mAna kara bhI dravya ko nitya mAnate haiM / buddha ke samakSa jaba zrAtmA viSayaka prazna upasthita kiyA gayA to unhoMne use avyAkRta prazna kaha kara mauna dhAraNa kara liyA / 6. anekAntAtmakArthakathanaM syAdvAdaH / syAdvAdakevalajJAne vastutattvaprakAzane / bhedaH sAkSAdasAkSAcca hyavastvanyattamaM bhavet // 7. 8. e. apracyutAnutpannasthiraikarUpaM nityam / majjhimanikAya, cUla mAlukya sutta 63 / - laghIyastraya 062 kalaMka - praptamImAMsA, 105

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syAhAra 107 isI prakAra jaba AtmA ke parimAraNa ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA gayA to kisI ne use AkAza ko bhA~ti sarvavyApI mAnA, kisI ne araNa parimANa, kisI ne aMgUSTha parimANa to kisI ne zyAmAka ke barAbara khaa| eka kahatA hai-cetanA bhUtoM se utpanna hotI yA vyakta hotI hai| dUsare kA kathana hai ki cetanA AtmA kA dharma nahIM, jar3a prakRti se prAdurbhUta tattva hai| tIsarA darzana vidhAna karatA hai ki cetanA aAtmA kA guNa to nahIM hai, kintu samavAya saMbaMdha se AtmA meM rahatI hai| * isa prakAra jaba AtmA jaise tattva ke viSaya meM bhI ye vicAraka kisI eka tathya para nahIM Tika pAte to anya padArthoM ke viSaya meM kyA kahA jaay| darzanoM aura dArzanikoM kI bAta jAne dIjie aura apanI hI vicAroM ko jarA gaharAI se dekhie| jaba hamArA dRSTikoNa abhe rA hotA hai to pratyeka prANI meM cetanA kI dRSTi se samAnatA pratIta hotA hai, aura cetanA se Age bar3ha kara jaba satA ko prAdhAra batAte haiM to cetana aura acetana sabhI vidyamAna padArtha satsvarUpa meM ekAkAra bhAsita hone lagate haiN| isake viparIta, jaba hamAre dRSTikoNa meM bheda kI pradhAnatA hotI hai to adhika se adhika sadRza pratIta ho rahe do padArthoM meM bhI bhinnatA pratIta hue binA nahIM rhtii| isa prakAra hama svayaM apane hI virodhI vicAroM meM kho jAte haiM aura socane lagate haiM- satya ajJaya haiM, usakA patA laganA asambhava hai| isa nirAzApUrNa bhAvanA ne hI ajJeyavAdI darzana ko janma diyA hai| anekAntavAda kA Aloka hameM nirAzA ke isa andhakAra se bacAtA hai / vaha hameM eka aisI vicAradhArA kI ora le jAtA hai, jahA~ sabhI prakAra ke virodhoM kA upazamana ho jAtA hai| anekAntavAda samasta dArzanika samasyAoM, ulajhanoM aura bhramaNAoM ke nivAraNa kA samAdhAna prastuta karatA hai| apekSA vizeSa se pitA ko pUtra, patra ko bhI pitA, choTe ko bhI bar3A, bar3e ko bhI choTA yadi kahA jA sakatA hai to anekAntavAda kA Azraya lekara hii| anekAntavAda vaha nyAyAdhIza hai jo paraspara virodhI dAvedAroM kA phaisalA bar3e hI sundara

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108 dharma aura darzana DhaMga se karatA hai aura jisase vAdI aura prativAdI donoM ko hI nyAya milatA hai pUrva kAlIna mahAn dArzanika samantabhadra, siddhasena, akalaMka haribhadra Adi ne anekAntadRSTi kA avalambana karake hI sattva-asattva, nityattva anityattva, bheda-abheda, dvaita-advata, bhAgya, puruSArtha Adi virodhI vAdoM kA tarka saMgata samanvaya kiyA aura vicAra kI eka zuddha, vyApaka, buddhisaMgata aura niSpakSa dRSTi pradAna kii| isa dRSTi se dekhane para khaMDita evaM ekAMgI vastu ke sthAna para hameM sarvAgINa paripUrNa vastu dRSTigocara hone lagatI hai| anekAnta dRSTi virodha kA zamana karane vAlI hai, isI kAraNa vaha pUrNa satya kI ora le jAtI hai| anekAntavAda kI isa viziSTatA ko hRdayaMgama karake hI jainadArzanikoM ne use apane vicAra kA mUlAdhAra banAyA hai / vastutaH vaha samasta dArzanikoM kA jIvana hai, prANa hai| jainAcAryoM ne apanI samanvayAtmaka udAra bhAvanA kA paricaya dete hue kahA hai-ekAnta vastugata dharma nahIM, kintu buddhigata kalpanA hai| jaba buddhi zuddha hotI hai to ekAnta kA nAmanizAna nahIM rahatA / dArzanikoM kI bhI samasta dRSTiyAM anekAnta dRSTi meM usI prakAra vilIna ho jAtI haiM jaise vibhinna dizAoM se Ane vAlI saritAeM sAgara meM ekAkAra ho jAtI hai| prasiddha vidvAn upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ke zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai-'saccA anekAntavAdI kisI bhI darzana se dveSa nahIM kara sktaa| vaha ekanayAtmaka darzanoM ko isa , prakAra vAtsalya kI dRSTi se dekhatA hai jaise koI pitA apane putroM ko dekhatA hai / anekAnta vAdI na kisI ko nyUna aura na kisI ko adhika samajhatA hai-usakA sabake prati samabhAva hotA hai| vAstava meM saccA zAstrajJa kahalAne kA adhikArI vahI hai jo anekAntavAda kA avalambana lekara samasta darzanoM para samabhAva rakhatA ho| madhyasthabhAva rahane para zAstra ke eka pada 10. udadhAviva sarvasindhavaH, samudIrNAstvayi nAtha ! dRSTayaH / na ca tAsu bhavAn pradRzyate, avibhaktAsu saritsvivodadhiH / -siddhasena

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syAdvAda 106 kA jJAna bhI saphala hai, anyathA koTi-koTi zAstroM ko par3ha lene para bhI koI lAbha nahIM / 11 haribhadra sUri ne likhA hai-'AgrahazIla vyakti yuktiyoM ko usI jagaha khIMcatAna karake lejAnA cAhatA hai jahA~ pahale se usakI buddhi jamI huI hai, magara pakSapAta se 2 hiA madhyastha puruSa apanI buddhi kA niveza vahIM karatA hai jahA~ yuktiyA~ use le jAtI hai / 12 anekAnta darzana yahI sikhAtA hai ki yukti-siddha vastusvarUpa ko hI zuddha buddhi se svIkAra karanA cAhie / buddhi kA. yahI vAstavika phala hai / jo ekAnta ke prati AgrahazIla hai aura dUsare satyAMza ko svIkAra karane ke lie tatpara nahIM hai, vaha tattva rUpI navanIta nahIM pA sktaa|" ___"gopI navanIta tabhI pAtI hai jaba vaha mathAnI kI rassI ke eka chora ko khIMcatI aura dUsare chora ko DhIlA chor3atI hai / agara vaha eka hI chora ko khIMce aura dUsare ko DhIlA na chor3e to navanIta nahIM nikala sktaa| isI prakAra jaba eka dRSTikoNa ko gauNa karake dUsare dRSTikoNa ko pradhAna rUpa se vikasita kiyA jAtA hai, tabhI satya kA amRta hAtha lagatA hai|"13 ataeva ekAnta ke gaMdale pokhara se dUra rahakara 11. yasya sarvatra samatA nayeSu tanayeSviva / tasyA'danekAntavAdasyA kva nyUnAdhikazemuSo / / tena syAdvAdamAlambya sarvadarzanatulyatAm / mokSodezA vizeSeNa, yaH pazyati sa zAstravit // mAdhyasthyameva zAstrArtho yena taccAru siddha yati / sa eva dharmavAdaH syAdanyad bAlizavalganam / / mAdhyasthasahitaM hyakapadajJAnamapi prmaa| zAstrakoTivRthavAnyA tathA coktaM mahAtmanA / / -jJAnasAra upAdhyAya yazovijaya 12. AgrahI vata ninISati yukti, yatra tatra matirasya niviSTA / pakSapAtarahitasya tu yuktiH , yatra tatra matireti nivezam / /

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dharma aura darzana anekAnta ke zItala svaccha sarovara meM avagAhana karanA hI ucita hai| syAdvAda kA udAra dRSTikoNa apanAne se samasta darzanoM kA sahaja hI samanvaya sAdhA jA sakatA hai / anya darzanoM para anekAnta kI chApa : anekAntavAda satya kA paryAyavAcI darzana hai / yadyapi katipaya bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne apanI ekAnta vicAradhArA kA samarthana karate hue anekAntavAda kA virodha bhI kiyA hai, magara yaha nissandeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM para usakI chApa nyUnAdhika rUpa meM aMkita huI hai / asala meM yaha itanA tarkayukta aura buddhisaMgata siddhAnta hai ki isakI sarvathA upekSA kI hI nahIM jA sktii| IzAvAsyopaniSad meM prAtmA ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai-'tadejati, tannejati, tad dUre, tadantike, tadantarasyasarvasya, tad sarvasyAsya bAhyataH / ' arthAt prAtmA calatI bhI hai aura nahIM bhI calatI hai, dUra bhI hai, samIpa bhI hai, vaha saba ke antargata bhI hai, bAhara bhI hai| ____ kyA ye udgAra syAdvAda se prabhAvita nahIM haiM ? bhale hI zaMkarAcArya aura rAmAnujAcArya eka vastu meM aneka dharmoM kA astitva asambhava kahakara syAdvAda kA virodha karate haiM, magara jaba ve apane mantavya kA nirUpaNa karane calate haiM taba syAdvAda ke asara se ve bhI nahIM baca pAte / unheM bhI ananyagatyA syAdvAda kA AdhAra lenA par3atA hai| brahma ke para aura sAtha hI apara rUpa kI kalpanA meM anekAnta kA prabhAva spaSTa hai| unhoMne satya kI paramArthasatya, vyavahArasatya aura pratibhAsasatya ke rUpa meM jo vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai, usase anekAnta kI puSTi hI hotI hai| ve kahate haiM-'dRSTaM kimapi loke'smin na nirdoSaM na nirguNam / ' arthAt isa loka meM dikhAI dene vAlI koI bhI vastu na nirdoSa hai aura na nirguNa hai / 13. ekenAkarSantI zlathayantI vastutattvamitareNa / antena jayati jainI nItirmanthAnanetramiva gopI /

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syAdvAda 111 Azaya yaha huA ki pratyeka vastu meM kisI apekSA se doSa haiM to kisI pekSA se guNa bhI haiM / yaha apekSAvAda, anekAntavAda kA rUpa nahIM to kyA hai ? svAmI dayAnanda sarasvatI se pUchA gayA - 'Apa vidvAn haiM yA avidvAn ?' svAmI jI ne kahA - ' dArzanika kSetra meM vidvAn aura vyApArika kSetra meM vidvAn / ' yaha anekAntavAda nahIM to kyA hai ? buddha kA vibhajyavAda eka prakAra kA anekAntavAda hai / unakA madhyamamArga bhI anekAnta se pratiphalita hone vAlA vAda hI hai / sAMkhya eka hI prakRti ko satoguNa, rajoguNa aura tamoguNamayI mAnakara anekAnta ko hI aMgIkAra karate haiM / pAzcAtya dArzanika pleTo Adi ne samasta vizvavartI padArthoM ko aura asat ina do meM samAviSTa karake samanvaya kI mahattA batalAte hue jagat kI vividhatA siddha kI hai / sat AinsTIna kA sApekSasiddhAnta syAdvAda kI vicAradhArA kA anusaraNa karatA hai / ina katipaya udAharaNoM se pAThaka samajha sakeMge ki anekAntavAda eka aisA vyApaka dRSTikoNa hai ki dArzanika jagat meM usakI upekSA nahIM kI jA sakatI / kisI na kisI rUpa meM pratyeka darzana ko usakA Azraya lenA hI par3atA hai / sAmAnya rUpa se anekAnta ke sambandha meM itanA hI jAna lene ke pazcAt aba hameM anekAnta ke prakAza meM pratiphalita hone vAle katipaya mukhyavAdoM kA vicAra bhI kara lenA caahie| ve vAda isa prakAra haiM / nityAnityatA kAntavAdI dRSTikoNa ke anusAra pratyeka vastu nityAnitya hai / dravya aura paryAya kA sammilita rUpa vastu haiM, yA yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki dravya aura paryAya milakara hI vastu kahalAte haiM / paryAyoM ke abhAva meM dravya kA aura dravya ke abhAva meM paryAya kA koI astitva sambhava nahIM hai / jahA~ jIvadravya hai vahA~ usake

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112 dharma aura darzana koI na koI paryAya bhI avazya hote haiN| jo jIva hai vaha manuSya, pazu, pakSI, sthAvara athavA siddha meM se kucha avazya hogA aura jo manuSya Adi kisI paryAya ke rUpa meM dRSTigocara hotA hai vaha jIva avazya hotA hai| dravya nitya aura paryAya anitya hai, kyoMki jIva dravya kA kabhI vinAza nahIM ho sakatA, magara paryAyoM kA parivartana sadaiva hotA rahatA hai| isa dRSTi meM dhyAna dene yogya bAta yaha hai ki isase zAzvatavAda aura ucchedavAda-donoM kA samanvaya ho jAtA hai| pratyeka dravya zAzvata hai kintu usake paryAyoM kA uccheda hotA rahatA hai| yahA~ yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki dravya aura usake paryAya pRthakpRthak do vastueM nahIM haiN| unameM vastugata koI bheda nahIM hai, kevala vivakSAbheda hai| anekAntadarzana ke anusAra pratyeka sat padArtha utpAdavyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka hai, arthAt paryAya se utpanna aura vinaSTa hotA huA bhI dravya se dhruva hai| koI bhI vastu isakA apavAda nahIM hai / 14 jaba kabhI koI pUrva paricita vyakti hamAre samakSa upasthita hotA hai taba hama kahate haiM 'yaha vahI hai|' varSA hote hI bhUmi zazyazyAmalA ho jAtI hai, taba hama kahate haiM hariyAlI utpanna ho gaI / hamAre hAtha meM kapUra hai yaha dekhate-hI-dekhate ur3a jAtA hai, taba hama kahate haiM vaha naSTa ho gyaa| yaha vahI hai'-yaha nityatA kA siddhAnta hai / 'hariyAlI utpanna ho gaI-yaha utpatti kA siddhAnta hai aura vaha naSTa ho gayA-yaha vinAza kA siddhAnta hai / dravya kI utpatti ke sambandha meM pariNAmavAda, prArambhavAda aura samUhavAda Adi aneka vicAra haiN| usake vinAza ke sambandha meM bhI rUpAntaravAda, vicchedavAda Adi aneka abhimata haiM / sAMkhyadarzana pariNAmavAdI hai, vaha kArya ko apane kAraNa meM sat mAnatA hai / sat karmavAda ke abhimatAnusAra jo asat hai usakI utpatti nahIM hotI aura jo sat hai usakA vinAza nahIM hotA, kintu kevala rUpAntara 14. sad dravya lakSaNam / utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat / -tattvArtha sUtra 105

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syAdvAda 113 hotA hai / utpatti kA tAtparya hai - sat kI abhivyakti aura vinAza kA tAtparya hai - sat kI vyakti / nyAya-vaizeSika darzana ArambhavAdI hai / vaha kArya ko apane kAraNa meM sat nahIM mAnatA / asat kAryavAda ke matAnusAra prasat kI utpatti hotI hai aura sat kA vinAza hotA hai / etadartha hI naiyAyika Izvara ko kUTastha nitya aura dIpaka ko sarvathA anitya mAnate haiM / bauddhadarzana ke anusAra sthUladravya sUkSma avayavoM kA samUha hai, tathA dravya kSaNavinazvara hai / unake vicArAnusAra kucha bhI sthiti nahIM hai / jo darzana ekAnta nityavAda ko mAnate haiM ve bhI jo hamAre pratyakSa hai. usa parivartana kI upekSA nahIM kara skte| aura jo darzana ekAnta nityavAda ko mAnate haiM ve bhI jo hamAre pratyakSa haiM usa sthiti kI upekSA nahIM kara sakate / etadartha hI naiyAyikoM ne dRzya vastuoM ko granitya mAnakara unake parivartana kI vivakSA kI aura bauddhoM ne santati mAnakara unake pravAha kI vivecanA kI / Adhunika vaijJAnika rUpAntaravAda ke siddhAnta ko eka mata se svIkAra karate haiM / jaise eka momabattI hai, jalAne para kucha hI kSaNoM meM usakA pUrNa nAza ho jAtA hai / prayogoM ke dvArA yaha siddha kiyA jA cukA hai ki momabattI ke nAza hone para anya vastuoM kI utpatti hotI hai / isI prakAra pAnI ko eka vartana meM rakhA jAye, aura usa bartana meM do chidra kara tathA unameM kArka lagAkara do pleTinama kI pattiyA~ usa pAnI meM khar3I kara dI jAyeM aura pratyeka pattI para eka kA~ca kA TyUba lagA diyA jAya tathA pleTinama kI pattiyoM kA sambandha tAra se bijalI kI baiTarI ke sAtha kara diyA jAye to kucha hI samaya meM pAnI gAyaba ho jAyegA / sAtha hI una pleTinama kI pattiyoM para avasthita TyUboM para dhyAna kendrita kiyA jAyegA to donoM meM eka-eka taraha kI gaisa 15. * A text book of Inorganic Chemistry by J. R. Parting. N.P. 15 16. A text Book of Inorganic Chemistry by. G. S.-Neuth, P. 237

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114 dharma aura darzana prApta hogI, jo AksIjana aura hAiDrojana ke nAma se pahacAnI jAtI hai / 16 vaijJAnika anusandhAna ke dvArA yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki pudgala zakti meM aura zakti pudgala meM parivartita ho sakatI hai / " sApekSavAda kI dRSTi se pudgala ke sthAyitva ke niyama va zakti ke sthAyitva ke niyama ko eka hI niyama meM samAviSTa kara denA caahie| usakI saMjJA 'pudgala aura zakti ke sthAyitva kA niyama' isa prakAra kara denI cAhie / 18 syAdvAda kI dRSTi se sat kabhI vinaSTa nahIM hotA aura asat kI kabhI utpatti nahIM hotI " / aisI koI sthiti nahIM jisake sAtha utpAda aura vinAza na rahA ho arthAt jinakI pRSTha bhUmi meM sthiti hai unakA utpAda aura vinAza avazya hotA hai / sabhI dravya ubhaya-svabhAvI haiN| unake svabhAva kI vivecanA eka hI prakAra kI nahIM ho sakatI / asat kI utpatti nahIM hotI aura sat kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA / isa dravya nayAtmaka siddhAnta se dravyoM kI hI vivecanA ho sakatI hai, paryAyoM kI nhiiN| unakI vivecanAasat kI utpatti aura sat kA vinAza hotA hai - isa paryAyanayAtmaka siddhAnta ke dvArA hI kI jA sakatI hai| ina donoM ko eka zabda meM pariNAmI - nityavAda yA nityAnityavAda kahA jA sakatA hai / isameM sthAyitva ra parivartana kI sApekSa rUpa se vivecanA hai / isa vizva meM aisA dravya nahIM jo sarvathA dhruva ho, aura aisA bhI dravya nahIM hai jo sarvathA parivartanazIla hI ho / dIpaka, jo parivartanazIla hai, vaha bhI sthAyI hai aura jIva jo sthAyI hai, vaha bhI parivartanazIla hai / sthAyitva 17. General Chemistry by finus Pauling P P. 4-5 18. General and Inorganic Chemistry for by P. J. durrant 18. bhAvassa Natthi 16. nAso, Natthi abhAvassa uppAdo / - paMcAstikAya, 15

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syAdvAda aura parivartanazIlatA kI dRSTi se jova aura dIpaka meM koI antara nahIM hai / 20 - kevala sthiti hI hotI to sabhI dravyoM kA eka hI rUpa rahatA, unameM kisI bhI prakAra kA parivartana nahIM hotaa| kevala utpAda aura vyaya hI hotA to kevala unakA krama hotA kintu sthAyI AdhAra ke abhAva meM unakA kucha bhI rUpa nahIM hotA / kartRtva, karma aura pariNAmI kI koI vivecanA nahIM hotii| syAdvAda kI dRSTi se parivartana bhI hai aura usakA AdhAra bhI hai| parivartanarahita kisI bhI prakAra kA sthAyitva nahIM hai / aura sthAyitva rahita kisI bhI prakAra kA parivartana nahIM hai| arthAt parivartana sthAyI meM hotA hai aura sthAyI vahI ho sakatA hai jisameM parivartana ho| sArAMza yaha hai ki niSkriyatA aura sakriyatA, sthiratA aura gatizIlatA kA jo sahaja samanvita rUpa hai use hI dravya kahA gayA hai| apane kendra meM pratyeka dravya dhra va, sthira aura niSkriya hai| usake cAroM ora parivartana kI eka zRGkhalA hai jise hama paramANu kI racanA se samajha sakate haiM / vijJAna ke anusAra aNu kI racanA tIna prakAra ke kaNoM se mAnI gaI hai-(1) proTona (2) ilekTrona (3) nyUTrona / dhanAtmaka karaNa proTona hai| paramANu kA vaha madhyabindu hotA hai| RNAtmaka kaNa ilekTrona hai| yaha dhanANu ke cAroM ora parikramA karatA hai / udAsIna kaNa nyUTrona hai| AtmA kA zarIra se bhedAbheda : AtmA zarIra se bhinna hai athavA abhinna hai, isa viSaya meM bhI darzanazAstroM ke mantavya vividha prakAra ke upalabdha hote haiN| cArvAka darzana AtmA ko zarIra se bhinna svIkAra nahIM krtaa| vaha zarIra se hI cetanA 20. AdIpamAvyomasamasvabhAvaM ___ syAdvAdamudrA'natibhedi vastu / tannityamevaikamanityamanyaditi tvadAjJAdviSatAM pralApAH // anyayoga vyabacchedikA, zlo0 5

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116 dharma aura darzana kI utpatti mAnatA hai aura zarIra kA vinAza hone para cetanA kA bhI vinAza ho jAnA svIkAra karatA hai / 21 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM tajjIvataccharIravAda kA ullekha milatA hai| vaha cArvAka mata se kicit bhinna hotA hayA bhI eka hI vastu ko jIva aura zarIra ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai / 22 aneka darzana prAtmA kA zarIra se ekAnta bhinnatva svIkAra karate haiN| isa samasyA ko sulajhAte hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-AtmA kathaMcit zarIra se bhinna bhI hai aura abhinna bhI hai / 23 aAtmA ko zarIra se bhinna tattva na mAnA jAya aura donoM kA ekatva svIkAra kiyA jAya to zarIra ke nAza ke sAtha AtmA kA bhI nAza mAnanA hogA aura usa sthiti meM punarjanma evaM mukti kI kalpanA nirAdhAra ho jaaygii| kintu yukti aura Agama Adi pramANoM se punarjanma Adi kI siddhi hotI hai, ataH AtmA ko zarIra se pRthak mAnanA hI samIcIna hai| sAtha hI, anAdi kAla se AtmA zarIra ke sAtha hI rahA huA hai aura kRta karmo kA phalopabhoga zarIra ke dvArA hI hotA hai| zarIra para prahAra hotA hai to duHkha kI anubhUti AtmA ko hotI hai| devadatta para prahAra kiyA jAya to jinadatta ko duHkhAnubhava nahIM hotA, kyoMki devadatta ke zarIra se jinadatta kI AtmA bhinna hai| isI prakAra yadi devadatta kI prAtmA devadatta ke zarIra se bhI sarvathA bhinna ho to use bhI duHkha kA anubhava nahIM honA cAhiye / isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaise devadatta ke zarIra aura jinadatta kI AtmA meM bheda hai, vaisA bheda devadatta ke zarIra aura devadatta kI AtmA meM nahIM hai| yahI deha aura AtmA kA abheda hai| 21. bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutaH ? 22. patteyaM kasiNe AyA, je bAlA je a paMDiyA / santi piccA na te santi, natthi sattovavAiyA / -sUtrakRtAMga, 1 / 1 / 11 23. AyA bhante ! kAye, anne kAye ? goyamA ! AyA vi kAye, anne vi kaaye|

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syAdvAda sattA aura asattA : jaba yaha nizcita ho jAtA hai ki vastutattva sApekSa hai aura syAdvAdapaddhati se hI usakA ThIka pratipAdana ho sakatA hai, to vastu ke astitva aura nAstitva ke viSaya meM bhI hameM anekAnta ko lAgU karake dekhanA hogaa| jaina dArzanikoM ne bar3I hI khUbI ke sAtha isa viSaya para UhApoha kiyA hai aura svacatuSTaya aura paracatuSTaya ke dvArA astitva nAstitva kI samasyA kA samAdhAna khojA hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva, ye cAroM catuSTaya kahalAte haiN| pratyeka vastu svacatuSTaya kI apekSA astitvavAn hai aura paracatuSTaya kI apekSA nAstirUpa hai / 24 ___ udAharaNa ke lie eka sva gaMdhaTa ko lIjie / vaha svarNa kA banA hai, yaha svadravya kI apekSA astitva hai| vaha jisa kSetra arthAt sthAna meM rakkhA hai, usa kSetra kI apekSA se hai / jisa kAla meM usakI sattA hai, usa kAla kI apekSA se hai / usameM jo pItavarNa Adi aneka paryAya vidyamAna haiM, unakI apekSA se hai / kintu vahI ghaTa mRttikAdravya ko apekSA se nahIM hai| anya kSetra kI apekSA se bhI nahIM hai| kAlAntara kI apekSA se bhI nahIM hai / kRSNavarNa Adi paryAyoM se bhI usameM astitva nahIM hai / isI prakAra svarNaghaTa sone kA hai, mRttikA Adi kA nahIM hai / amuka kSetra meM hai anya kSetra meM nahIM hai| jisa kAla meM hai usake atirikta anya kAla kI apekSA se nahIM hai| vaha apane svaparyAyoM se hai, para paryAyoM se nahIM hai, isa prakAra svacatuSTaya aura paracatuSTaya kI apekSA usameM astitva aura nAstitva sahaja hI ghaTita hote haiN| kaI loga astitva aura nAstitva ko virodhI dharma samajha kara eka hI vastu meM donoM kA samanvaya asaMbhava mAnate haiM magara ve bhUla jAte haiM ki eka ho apekSA se yadi astitva aura nAstitva kA vidhAna kiyA jAya tabhI unameM virodha hotA hai, vibhinna apekSAoM se vidhAna 24. sadeva sarva ko necchet, svarUpAdicatuSTayAt / ___ asadeva viparyAsAnna cenna vyavatiSThate / / ~prAptamImAMsA, zloka 15

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118 dharma aura darzana karane meM koI virodha nahIM hotaa| kisI vyakti ke sambandha meM yaha kahanA ki yaha manuSya hai, manuSyetara nahIM hai; bhAratIya hai, pAzcAtya nahIM hai| vartamAna meM hai, sadA se yA sadA rahane vAlA nahIM hai, vidvAn hai mUrkha nahIM hai to kyA hama usa vyakti ke viSaya meM parasparaviruddha vidhAna karate haiM ? nahIM / yaha vidhAna na kevala tarkasaMgata hai, apitu vyavahArasaMgata bhI hai| hama pratidina isI prakAra vyavahAra karate haiN| aisA vyavahAra kie vinA kisI vastu kA nizcaya ho bhI nahIM sktaa| 'yaha pustaka hai' aisA nizcaya to tabhI saMbhava hai, jaba hama yaha jAna leM ki yaha pustaka ke atirikta anya kucha nahIM hai| ina udAharaNoM se pratyeka padArtha sat aura asat kisa prakAra hai, yaha samajha meM A jAtA hai / magara jainAcAryoM ne isa vicAra ko suspaSTa karane ke lie saptabhaMgI kA vidhAna kiyA hai, jisase vastu meM pratyeka dharma kI saMgati ekadama nirvivAda ho jAtI hai| saptabhaMgI: pratyeka vastu anantadharmAtmaka hai| una ananta dharmoM meM se pratyeka dharma kI ThIka-ThIka saMgati biThalAne ke lie vidhi, niSedha Adi kI vivakSA se sAta bhaMga hote haiN| yahI saptabhaMgI hai|25 ye sAta bhaMga pratyeka dharma para ghaTita kie jA sakate haiM, kintu udAharaNa ke rUpa meM sattAdharma ko lekara yahA~ unakA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai| ve nimna likhita haiM (1) syAdasti-svakIya dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva se pratyeka vastu kA astitva hai| (2) syAnnAsti-parakIya dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva se pratyeka vastu nahIM hai| (3) syAdasti-nAsti-svakIya tathA parakIya dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva se vastu hai aura nahIM hai / 25. saptabhiH prakArairvacana-vinyAsaH saptabhaGgItigIyate / -syAdvAda maMjarI, kA0 23 TIkA

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sthAdvAda 116 (4) syAdavaktavya-yugapad kathana kI apekSA se vastu anirvacanIya hai, arthAt sattA aura asattA ko eka sAtha kahA nahIM jA sktaa| (5) syAdasti-pravaktavya - vastu svacatuSTaya se sat hone para bhI, eka sAtha sva-para catuSTaya kI apekSA se pravaktavya hai| (6) syAnnAsti-pravaktavya --para catuSTaya se asat hote hue bhI eka sAtha sva-para catuSTaya se avaktavya hai| (7) syAdasti-nAsti-pravaktavya- svacatuSTaya se sat, para catuSTaya se asat hote hue bhI eka sAtha sva-para catuSTaya se anirvacanIya haiM / ___isI prakAra nityatva, ekatva Adi ubhI dharmoM ke viSaya meM yaha saptabhaMgI lAgU hotI hai / yaha sAta bhaMga vana-prathama aura dvitIya bhaMga ke hI vyApaka svarUpa haiN| pAThaka samajha sakeMge ki syAdvAda siddhAnta meM stusvarUpa kI vive. canA sApekSa dRSTi se kI gaI hai| ukta sAtoM bhaMgoM kA AdhAra kAlpanika nahIM varan vastu kA virATa aura vividharUpa svarUpa hI hai| syAdvAda siddhAnta kI camatkArika zakti aura vyApaka prabhAva ko hRdayaMgama karake DA~0 harmana jaikobI ne kahA thA-'syAdvAda se saba satyavicAroM kA dvAra khula jAtA hai|' __abhI hAla meM hI meM amerikA ke vizru ta dArzanika prophesara prAci0 je0 bahna ne syAdvAda kA adhyayana karake jainoM ko ye preraNAprada zabda kahe haiM-vizvazAnti kI sthApanA ke lie jainoM ko ahiMsA kI apekSA syAdvAda siddhAnta kA atyadhika pracAra karanA ucita hai| mahAtmA gA~dhI ko bhI yaha siddhAnta bar3A priya thA aura prAcArya vinobA jaise zAntiprasAraka santa isake mahattva ko mukta kaMTha se svIkAra karate haiN| bhrama nivAraNa : saptabhaMgI siddhAnta ke viSaya meM katipaya pAzcAtya aura kucha bhAratIya vidvAnoM ko jo galata dhAraNa hai, usakA ullekha yahA~ kara denA anucita na hogaa|

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120 dharma aura darzana prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM saptabhaMgI bIja rUpa meM upalabdha hotI hai / 26 prAcArya kundakunda ne kucha hI bhaMgoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / 27 kintu inake pazcAdvartI prAcArya samantabhadra, siddhasena, akalaMka, vidyAnanda, hemacandra, vAdideva Adi ne usakA spaSTa aura vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| isa pratipAdana krama ko kucha vidvAnoM ne syAdvAda yA saptabhaMgo kA vikAsakrama samajha liyA hai kintu tathya yaha hai ki jaina tattvajJAna sarvajJamUlaka hai| sarvajJa sarvadarzI tIrthaGkaroM ke jJAna meM jo tattva pratibhAsita hotA hai, usI ko unake pradhAna ziSya zabdabaddha karate haiM aura phira unake ziSya praziSya usake eka-eka aMga kA prAdhAra lekara yuga kI sthiti ke anusAra vibhinna granthoM kI racanA karate haiM / iA . tattvavivecana kA krama Age bar3hatA hai| isa vive va kA vikAsakrama samajha lenA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| ____isa yuga meM prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva hue haiN| unhoMne jo upadeza kiyA vahI unake pazcAt hone vAle teIsa tIrthaGkaroM ne kiyaa| vahI upadeza kAlakrama se unake anuyAyI vibhinna prAcAryoM dvArA jaina sAhitya meM lipibaddha kiyA gayA hai / kisI bhI viSaya kA saMkSipta yA vistRta vivecana usake lekhaka kI saMkSeparuci athavA vistAra rUci para nirbhara karatA hai / isake atirikta yuga kI vicAradhArA bhI use prabhAvita karatI hai / khAsataura se dArzanika sAhitya meM aisA bhI hotA hai ki koI lekhaka jaba kisI viSaya ke grantha kI racanA karatA hai to apane samaya taka ke virodhI vicAroM kA usameM ullekha karatA hai 26. jIvA raNaM bhaMte ! kiM sAsayA, asAsayA ? goyamA ! jIvA siya sAsayA, siya asaasyaa| davvaTThayAe sAsayA, bhAvaTThayAe asaasyaa| -bhagavatI, 7 / 26773 27. siya asthi Nasthi uhayaM -paMcAstikAya, pravacanasAra 28. atthaM bhAsai arahA, suttaguthati gaNaharA niuraNaM / -bhdrbaahu|

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syAdvAda aura apane dRSTikoNa ke anusAra unakA nirAkaraNa bhI karatA hai / . jaina dArzanika sAhitya meM bhI yaha pravRtti spaSTa dRSTigocara hotI hai / isa pratipAdana krama ko agara koI mUla tattva kA vikAsakrama samajha baiThe to yaha usakI bhUla hI kahI jAegI / amarIkI vidvAna prAci0 je0 bahra isI bhUla ke zikAra hue haiM / unhoMne syAdvAda ke nirUpaNakrama ko syAdvAda kA vikAsakrama samajha liyA hai| eka bhUla aneka bhUloM kI sRSTi kara detI hai / jaba unhoMne syAdvAda ke kramavikAsa kI bhrAnta kalpanA kI to dUsarI bhUla yaha ho gaI ki ve saptabhaMgI ko bauddhoM ke catuSkoTiniSedha kA anukaraNa athavA vikAsa samajhane lage, yadyapi una donoM meM bahuta adhika antara hai / 4 121 sarvaprathama hameM itihAsa dvArA nirNIta isa tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki jainadharma, bauddhadharma se bahuta prAcIna hai / 23 mahAtmA buddha se pahale teIsa tIrthakara ho cuke the / teIsaveM tIrthakara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha unase lagabhaga 250 varSa pUrva hue the / unhoMne syAdvAda siddhAnta kA nirUpaNa kiyA thA / saMjaya velaTThaputta, jo buddha ke pUrvavartI haiM, unhoMne syAdvAda ko ThIka taraha na samajha kara saMzayavAda kI prarUpaNA kI thI / isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki syAdvAda siddhAnta kA buddha se pahale hI astitva thA / aisI sthiti meM yaha samajhanA ki saptabhaMgI siddhAnta bauddhoM ke catuSkoTipratiSedha kA vikasita rUpA - ntara hai, sarvathA nirAdhAra hai / catuSkoTipratiSedha kA siddhAnta to buddha ke bhI bAda meM pracalita huA hai| isake atirikta saptabhaMgI aura catuSkoTipratiSedha ke Azaya meM bhI bahuta antara hai / bauddhoM kA catuSkoTi-pratiSedha yoM hai 1 - vastu hai, aisA nahIM hai / 2 - vastu nahIM hai, aisA bhI nahIM hai / 3- vastu hai aura nahIM hai, aisA bhI nahIM hai / 26. dekhie, DA0 harmana jaikobI dvArA likhita jaina sUtrAz2a kI bhUmikA /

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122 dharma aura darzana 4-vastu hai aura nahIM hai, aisA nahIM hai, yaha bhI nahIM hai / saptabhaMgI ke svarUpa kA ullekha pahale kiyA jA cukA hai / saptabhaMgI meM aura prastuta catuSkoTi pratiSedha meM vastutaH koI samAnatA nahIM hai / saptabhaMgI meM vastu ke astitva aura nAstitva prAdi kA pratipAdana hai, jaba ki isa pratiSedha meM astitva ko koI sthAna nahIM hai, kevala nAstitva kA hI nirUpaNa pAyA jAtA hai| saptabhaMgI meM jo astitva aura nAstitva kA vidhAna hai, vaha svacatuSTaya aura paracatuSTaya ke AdhAra para hai aura kSaNa-kSaNa meM hone vAlA hamArA anubhava usakA samarthana karatA hai / saptabhaMgI ke anusAra manuSya manuSya hai, pazu-pakSI Adi manuSyetara nahIM hai| kintu catuSkoTi pratiSedha kA kahanA hai ki ki manuSya manuSya nahIM hai, manuSyetara bhI nahIM hai; ubhaya rUpa bhI nahIM hai, anubhava rUpa bhI nahIM hai| vaha kucha bhI nahIM hai aura vaha kucha bhI nahIM hai, aisA bhI nahIM hai / isa prakAra yahA~ na koI apekSAbheda hai aura na astitva kA koI sthAna hI hai| saptabhaMgI meM padArtho ke astitva se inkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai, sirpha usake svarUpa kI niyatatA pradarzita karane ke lie yaha dikhalAyA gayA hai ki vaha para-rUpa meM nahIM hai| saptabhaMgovAda hameM sataraMgI pUSpoM se suzobhita vicAravATikA meM vihAra karAtA hai, to bauddhoM kA niSedhavAda padArthoM ke astitva ko asvIkAra kara ke zunya ke ghora ekAnta andhakAra meM le jAtA hai| anubhava usako koI AdhAra pradAna nahIM karatA hai / ataeva yaha spaSTa hai ki saptabhaMgI kA bauddhoM ke catuSkoTiniSedha ke sAtha lezamAtra bhI sarokAra nahIM hai| syAdvAda saMzayavAda nahIM : jainadarzana kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki pratyeka padArtha ananta dharmAtmaka hai|31 ananta dharmAtmakalA ke binA kisI padArtha ke astitva kI kalpanA 30. nAsannasanna sadasanna nApyanubhayAtmakam / catuSkoTivinimuktaM, tattvaM mAdhyamikA viduH // 31. anantadharmAtmakameva tattvaM, ___ ato'nyathA sattvamasUpapAdam / -anyayoga vyavaccheda dvA0, triMzikA

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syAdvAda 123 hI sambhava nahIM hai / kintu eka sAtha ananta dharmoM kA nirvacana nahIM ho sktaa| dUsare dharmoM kA vidhAna aura niSedha na karate hue kisI eka dharma kA vidhAna karanA hI syAdvAda hai| anekAnta vAcya aura syAdvAda vAcaka hai / amuka apekSA se ghaTa sat hI hai aura amuka apekSA se ghaTa asat hI hai, yaha syAdvAda hai / isameM yaha pradarzita kiyA gayA hai ki svacatuSTaya se ghaTa kI sattA nizcita hai aura paracatuSTaya se ghaTa kI asattA nizcita hai| isa kathana meM saMzaya ko koI sthAna nahIM hai| kintu 'syAt' zabda ke prayoga ko dekhakara, syAdvAda kI gaharAI meM na utarane vAle kucha loga, yaha bhramapUrNa dhAraNA banA leta haiM ki sthAdvAda anizcaya kI prarUpaNA karatA hai / vastutaH 'syAt' zabda kA artha na 'zAyada' hai, na 'sambhavataH' hai aura na 'kadAcit' jaisA hI hai| vaha to eka sunizcita sApekSa dRSTikoNa kA dyotaka hai| pro0 baladeva upAdhyAya ne likhA hai'anekAntavAda saMzayavAda nahIM hai|' parantu ve use 'sambhavataH' artha meM prayukta karanA cAhate haiM, magara yaha bhI saMgata nahIM hai| zaMkarAcArya ne apane bhASya meM syAdvAda ko saMzayavAda kahakara jo bhrAnta dhAraNA utpanna ko thI, usakI paramparA aba bhI bahuta aMzoM meM cala rahI hai| kintu prophesara phaNibhUSaNa adhikArI ne AcArya zaMkara kI dhAraNA ke sambandha meM likhA hai-"jainadharma ke syAdvAda siddhAnta ko jitanA galata samajhA gayA hai, utanA anya kisI bhI siddhAnta ko nahIM / yahA~ taka ki zaMkarAcArya bhI isa doSa se mukta nahIM hai / unhoMne bhI isa siddhAnta ke prati anyAya hI kiyA hai| yaha bAta alpajJa puruSoM ke lie kSamya ho sakatI thI, kintu yadi mujhe kahane kA adhikAra hai to maiM bhArata ke isa mahAn vidvAna ke lie to akSamya hI kahU~gA, yadyapi maiM isa maharSi ko atIva Adara kI dRSTi se dekhatA haiN| aisA jAna par3atA hai ki unhoMne isa dharma ke darzanazAstra ke mUla granthoM ke adhyayana kI paravAha nahIM kii|" ___spaSTa hai ki syAdvAda saMzayavAda nahIM hai / sabhI darzana kisI na kisI rUpa meM ise svIkAra karate hue bhI isakA nAma lene meM hicakate haiN|

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124 dharma aura darzana pAzcAtya vidvAn thAmasa kA yaha kathana ThIka hI hai ki-"syAdvAda siddhAnta bar3A gambhIra hai / yaha vastu kI bhinna-bhinna sthitiyoM para acchA prakAza DAlatA hai / sthAdvAda kA amara siddhAnta dArzanika jagat meM bahuta U~cA siddhAnta mAnA gayA hai / vastutaH syAdvAda satya jJAna kI kuJjI hai / dArzanika kSetra meM syAdvAda ko samrAT kA rUpa diyA gayA hai| syAt zabda ko eka praharI ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA cAhie, jo uccArita dharma ko idhara-udhara nahIM jAne detA hai / yaha avivakSita dharmoM kA saMrakSaka hai, saMzayAdi zatruoM kA saMrodhaka va bhinna dArzanikoM kA saMpoSaka hai| jina dArzanikoM kI bhASA syAdvAdAnugata hai, unheM koI bhI darzana bhramajAla ke cakra meM nahI phaMsA sktaa| ekabAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakSa prazna upasthita huA, sAdhu ko kisa prakAra kI bhASA kA prayoga karanA cAhie ? uttara meM bhagavAna ne kahA-sAdha ko vibhajyavAda32 kA prayoga karanA cAhie / TIkAkAra ne vibhajyavAda kA artha syAdvAda kiyA hai / kyA saMzayAtmaka vANI kA prayoga karake koI darzana jIvita raha sakatA hai ? virodha kA nirAkaraNa : zaMkarAcArya ne apane zAMkarabhASya meM syAdvAda ke nirasana kA prayatna karate hue yaha bhI kahA hai-zIta aura uSNa kI taraha eka dharmI meM paraspara virodhI sattva aura asattva Adi dharmo kA eka sAtha samAveza nahIM ho sktaa| kintu syAdvAda ke svarUpa ko jisane samajha liyA hai, usake samakSa yaha Aropa hAsyAspada hI ThaharatA hai| prAcArya se yadi prazna kiyA gayA hotA-'Apa kauna haiM ?' to ve 32. bhikkhU vibhajjavAyaM ca viyAgarejjA / -sUtrakRtAMga, 1 / 14 / 22 33. na hi ekasmin dharmiNi yugapat sadasattvAdiviruddhadharmasamAvezaH sambhavati zItoSNavat / -zAMkarabhASya,

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syAdvAda 125 uttara dete-'maiM saMnyAsI huuN|' punaH prazna kiyA jAtA-'Apa gRhastha haiM yA nahIM ?' to ve kahate- 'maiM gRhastha nahIM haiN|' aba tIsarA prazna unase yaha kiyA jAtA-- pApa hU~' bhI aura 'nahIM hU~' bhI kahate haiM, isa paraspara virodhI kathana kA kyA AdhAra hai ? taba prAcArya ko ananyagatyA yahI kahanA par3atA- saMnyAsAzrama kI apekSA hU~, gRhasthAzrama kI apekSA nahIM hai, isa prakAra apekSAbheda ke kAraNa mere uttaroM meM virodha nahIM hai| basa, yahI uttara syAdvAda hai| sattva aura asattva dharma yadi eka hI apekSA se svIkAra kiye jAe~ to paraspara virodhI hote haiM, kintu svarUpa se sattva aura pararUpa se asattva svIkAra karane meM kisI prakAra kA virodha nahIM hai, jaise-maiM saMnyAsI hU~ aura saMnyAsI nahIM haiM, yaha kahanA viruddha hai, kintu maiM saMnyAsI hU~, gRhastha nahIM hU~, aisA kahane meM koI virodha nahIM hai| nayavAda : nayavAda ko syAhAda kA eka stambha kahanA caahie| syAdvAda jina vibhinna dRSTikoNoM kA abhivyaMjaka hai, ve dRSTikoNa jaina paribhASA meM naya ke nAma se abhihita hote haiN| pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki pratyeka vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai| vastu ke una ananta dharmoM meM se kisI eka dharma kA bodhaka abhiprAya yA jJAna naya hai / pramANa vastu ke aneka dharmoM kA grAhaka hotA hai aura naya eka dharma kA / kintu eka dharma ko grahaNa karatA huaA bhI naya dUsare dharmoM kA na niSedha karatA hai aura na vidhAna hI karatA hai / niSedha karane para vaha durnaya ho jAtA hai / 35 vidhAna karane para pramANa kI koTi meM parigaNita ho jAtA hai / naya, pramANa aura apramANa donoM se bhinna pramANa kA eka aMza hai, jaise samudra kA aMza na samudra hai, na asamudra hai, 34. arthasyAnekarUpasya dhIH pramANaM tadaMzadhIH / nayo dharmAntarApekSI, durnayastannirAkRtiH / / 35. svAbhipretAdazAditarAMzApalApI punarnayAbhAsaH / -pramANanayatattvAloka, vAvideva /

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dharma aura darzana varan samudrAMza hai / 3 naya kA grAhya bhI vastvaMza hI hotA hai / vizva ke sabhI ekAntavAdI darzana eka hI naya ko apane vicAra kA AdhAra banAte haiM / unakA dRSTikoNa ekAMgI hotA hai / ve bhUla jAte haiM ki dUsare dRSTikoNa se virodhI pratIta hone vAlA vicAra bhI saMgata ho sakatA hai / isI kAraNa ve ekAMgI dRSTikoNa ko prastuta karate haiM aura vastu ke samagra svarUpa ko sparza nahIM kara pAte / ve sampUrNa satya ke jJAna se vaMcita raha jAte haiM / nayavAda aneka dRSTikoNoM se vastu ko nirakhane parakhane kI kalA sikhalAtA hai / bauddhadarzana vastu ke anityatva dharma ko svIkAra karake dravya kI apekSA pAye jAne vAle nityatva dharma kA niSedha karatA hai / sAMkhyadarzana nityatva ko aMgIkAra karake paryAya kI dRSTi se vidyamAna pranityatva dharma kA apalApa karatA hai| isa prakAra ye donoM darzana apane-apane ekAnta pakSa ke prati prAgrahazIla hokara eka-dUsare ko mithyA kahate haiM / ve nahIM jAnate ki dUsare ko mithyAvAdI kahane ke kAraNa ve svayaM mithyAvAdI bana jAte haiM / agara unhoMne dUsare ko saccA mAnA hotA to ve svayaM sacce ho jAte, kyoMki vastu meM dravyataH nityatva aura paryAyataH anityatva dharma rahatA hai / 126 isa prakAra nayavAda dvIta prata, nizcaya vyavahAra, jJAna-kriyA, kAla-svabhAva-niyati yadRcchA - puruSArtha Adi vAdoM kA sundara aura samI cIna samanvaya karatA hai / nayavAda durAgraha ko dUra karake dRSTi ko vizAlatA aura hRdaya ko ko udAratA pradAna karatA hai / vaha vastu ke vividha rUpoM kA vizleSaNa hamAre samakSa prastuta karatA hai / AcArya samantabhadra ne kahA hai- "he jinendra ! jisa prakAra vividha rasoM dvArA susaMskRta loha svarNa Adi dhAtu pauSTikatA aura svAsthya Adi abhISTa phala pradAna karatI haiM, usI prakAra 'syAt' pada se aMkita Apake naya 36. nAsamudraH samudro vA samudrAMzo yathaiva hi / nAyaM vastu na cAvastu, vastvaMzo kathyate budhaiH / / - zlokavAttika, vidyAnanda,

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syAdvAda 127 manovAMchita phala ke pradAtA haiM, ataeva hitaiSI Arya puruSa prApako namaskAra karate haiN| kahA jA cukA hai ki pratyeka padArtha meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kI prakriyA nirantara cAlU hai| svarNapiNDa se eka kalAkAra ghaTa banAtA hai| phira usa svarNaghaTa ko tor3akara mukuTa banAtA hai / yahA~ prathama piNDa ke vinAza se ghaTa kI aura ghaTa ke vinAza se mukUTa kI utpatti hotI hai, magara svarNadravya saba avasthAnoM meM vidyamAna rahatA hai| yaha dravya se nityatA aura paryAya se anityatA hai| jisane dUdha hI grahaNa karane kA niyama aMgIkAra kiyA hai vaha dadhi nahIM khAtA / dadhi khAne kA niyama lene vAlA dUdha kA sevana nahIM krtaa| kintu gorasa kA tyAga kara dene vAlA donoM kA sevana nahIM krtaa| isase spaSTa hai ki dugdha kA vinAza, dadhi kI utpatti aura gorasa kI sthiratA hone se vastU kA paryAya se utpAda-vinAza hone para bhI drA se dhrauvya rahatA hai| isa udAharaNa se vastu kI sAmAnya vizeSAtmakatA bhI pramANita ho jAtI hai| prAzaya yaha hai ki pratyeka vastu ke do mukhya aMza haiM--dravya aura paryAya / ataeva dravya ko pradhAna rUpa se grahaNa karane vAlA dRSTikoNa dravyArthika naya aura paryAya ko grahaNa karane bAlA paryA dhArthika naya kahalAtA hai| yadyapi vastagata ananta dharmoM ko grahaNa karane vAle abhiprAya bhI ananta hote haiM, aura isa kAraNa nayoM kI saMkhyA kA avadhAraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, tathApi una saba kA samAveza 37. ghaTamaulisuvarNArthI, nAzotpAdasthitiSvayam / zoka-pramoda-mAdhyasthyaM, jano yAti sahetukam // -prAcArya samantabhadra, 38. payovrato na dadhyatti na payotti dadhivrataH / agorasavato nobhe, tasmAttattvaM trayAtmakam / / ---prAcArya samantabhadra, 36. jAvaiyA vayaNapahA, tAvaiyA ceva huti nyvaayaa| --sanmatitarka, prAcArya siddha sena

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128 dharma aura darzana 40 dravyAthika aura paryAyArthika, ina do nayoM meM hI ho jAtA hai / jisa koNa meM dravya kI pradhAnatA ho vaha dravyArthika naya kahalAtA hai aura jisameM paryAya kI mukhyatA ho vaha paryAyArthika naya hai / jaina sAhitya meM nayaviSayaka aneka granthoM kA nirmANa huA hai| adhika jAnakArI ke lie pAThakoM ko una granthoM kA avalokana karanA caahie| vistArabhaya se yahAM adhika nahIM likhA gayA hai / 40. vyAsato'nekavikalpaH / samAsatastu dvibhedo dravyArthikaH paryAyArthikazca / - pramANanayatattvAloka zra0 71415

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pA~ca dharma kA mUla : samyagdarzana dharma kA mala kyA hai ? yaha eka gambhIra prazna rahA hai, aura isa prazna kA uttara vibhinna dRSTiyoM se vibhinna vicArakoM ne diyA hai| kahIM para dayA ko dharma kA mUla batAyA hai| kahIM para vinaya ko dharma kA mUla kahA hai / aura kahIM para darzana ko dharma kA mUla kahA hai| apekSA dRSTi se sabhI kathana satya haiN| dayA meM cAritrasambandhI sabhI niyamoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| vinaya kA artha yahA~ namratA nahIM kintu sadAcAra hI hai| sadAcAra samyagdarzanamalaka hotA hai| isa prakAra dharma ke mUla meM zabdabheda hone para bhI prAzayabheda nahA hai / tathApi gaharAI se cintana kiyA jAya to yaha spaSTa hue vinA / 1. dayAmUlo bhaveddharmo, dayAprANyanukampanam / -mahApurANa-jinasena 213262 (kha) dayA dharma kA mUla hai, pApa mUla abhiAna / / -saMta tulasIdAsa 2. evaM dhammassa viNao, mUlaM paramo se mokkho / -dazavakAlika hArA2 ki mUlae dhamme ? sudaMsaNA, viNayamUle dhmme| -jJAtAsUtra 5 3. daMsaNamUlo dhmmo| -kundakundAcArya

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130 dharma aura darzana rahegA ki dharma kA mUla vastutaH samyag darzana hI hai, kyoM ki samyagdarzana ke abhAva meM dayA sahI dayA nahIM hai aura vinaya sahI vinaya nahIM hai| samyagdarzana kA artha hai vizuddhadRSTi / pAzcAtya vicAraka Ara0 viliyamsa ke zabdoM meM jina dvArA batAe gae mokSa mArga meM zraddhA samyakattva hai|" prAcArya vasunandin ke anusAra prApta, Agama aura tattvapadArtha ina tInoM meM zraddhA rakhanA samyakttva hai| pUrNa jJAnI aura pUrNa vItarAga puruSa prApta kahalAtA hai / usakI vANI Agama aura usake dvArA upadiSTa padArtha-tattva haiM / zrAvakapaMcAcAra vRtti ke anusAra-tIrthaMkaroM ke dvArA upadiSTa satyoM meM zraddhA samyakttva hai| prAcArya hemacandra ke anusAra-sudeva, suguru aura sudharma meM zraddhA samyaktva hai| AcArya kundakunda ke zabdoM meM 'vyavahAra naya se jIvAdi tattvoM kA 4. nAdaMsaNissa nANaM, nANeNa vinA na huti caraNaguNA / aguNissa natthi mokkho, natthi amokkhassa nivAraNaM / -uttarAdhyayana 2830 Ara0 viliyamsaH 'jaina yoga', prakAzaka o0 yU0 presa landana 1963 pR0 41 / attAgamataccANaM, jaM saddahaNaM suNimala hoi| saMkAidosarahiyaM, taM sammatta muNeyavvaM // -vasunandizrAvakAcAra gA0 6 7. savvAi jiNesarabhAsiAI, vayaNAi nannahA huti / ia buddhi jassa maNe sammattaM niccalaM tassa / -zrAvaka paMcAcAra vRtti, gA0 3 8. yA deve devatAbuddhi, gurau ca gurutAmatiH / dharmaM ca dharmadhIH zuddhA, samktva midamucyate / -yogazAstra, pra0 3 / 2 zloka

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dharma kA mUla : samyagdarzana 131 kA zraddhAna karanA samyakttva hai, kintu nizcaya naya se AtmA kA zraddhAna hI samyaktva hai| umAsvAti ke zabdoM meM 'tattvarUpa padArthoM kI zraddhA arthAt dRr3ha pratIti samyagdarzana hai / 10 AdhArabhUta tathya ko tattva kahate haiM / sthAnAGga aura uttarAdhyayana2 Adi meM tattva ke nau bheda kiye haiM--(1) jIva (2) ajIva (3) puNya, (4) pApa (5) Asrava (6) saMvara (7, nirjarA (8) baMdha () mokss| umAsvAti va prAcArya hemacandra ne tattva ke sAta bheda kiye haiM(1) jIva (2) ajIva (3) Asrava (4) bandhaH (5) saMvara (6) nirjarA (7) aura mokSa / puNya aura pApa ko unhoMne Asrava ke antargata ginA hai| 120 6. jIvAdIsaddahaNaM sammattaM, jiNavarehiM paNNattaM / _vavahArANicchayado; appANaM havai sammatta / / -darzana pAhuDa 20 10: tattvArtha zraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam / -tattvArtha sUtra 112 (kha) uttarAdhyayana 28.15 11. sthAnAGga 665 jIvA-jIvA ya baMdho ya, puNNaM pAvA'savo tahA / saMvaro nijjarA mokkho, saMtee tahiyA nava // -uttarAdhyayana 28 / 14 (kha) jIvAjovA bhAvA, puNNaM pAvaM ca AsavaM tesi / saMvaraNijjarabaMdho, mokkho ya havati ta aTThA // -paMcAstikAya 2 / 108 13. jIvAjIvAsravabandhasaMvaranirjarAmokSAstattvam / -tattvArthasUtra 14 (kha) jIvAjIvAzravAzcaiva, saMvaro nirjarA tathA / baMdho mokSazceti sapta, tttvaanyaahurmniissinnH|| -saptatattvaprakaraNam-prAcArya hemacandra

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dharma aura darzana saMkSepa dRSTi se tattva ke do bheda haiN| eka jIva aura dUsarA prajIva / 14 jIva kA lakSya ziva hai, kintu usakA bAdhaka tattva jIva hai / jIva ziva bananA cAhatA hai, para ajIva tattva jIva meM paya-pAnIvat ghulamila jAne ke kAraNa jIva apanA zuddha svarUpa pahacAna nahIM pAtA / vaha anAdi ananta kAla se apane azuddha rUpa ko hI zuddha rUpa samajhane kI bhayaMkara bhUla kara rahA hai / apane Apako zuddha caitanyasvarUpa na mAna kara zarIra se, indriyoM se, mana se, karmodayajanita manuSyaparyAya Adi se prabhinna samajhanA mithyA hai / 132 ise hI jaina dArzanikoM ne mithyAtva kahA hai / " rAtrisaMbaMdhI andhakAra ko dUra kiye vinA jaise sahasrarazmi sUrya udita nahIM hotA vaise hI mithyAtva rUpI andhakAra ko naSTa kiye vinA samyagdarzana utpanna nahIM hotA / 16 jaba atmA meM samyagdarzana kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai taba vaha AtmA jIva aura jIva kA pRthakttva samajhatA hai / maiM jar3a nahIM cetana ! merA svarUpa zuddha cetanA hai / mujha meM rAga, dva eSa Adi kI jo vikRti vaha jar3a ke saMsarga se haiN| maiM samprati karmoM se baddha hU~, kintu karmoM ko 14. (ka) jIvarAsI caiva prajIvarAsI ceva / 15. 16. - sthAnAGga 2/4/65 (kha) duve rAsI pannattA, taM jahA jIvarAsI ceva ajIvarAsI ceva / - samavAyAMga 2 / 146 (ga) jIvA cevA ajIvA yaM, esa loe viyAhie || W - uttarAdhyayana (gha) pannavaNA duvihA pannattA - taM jahA jIvanavaNA ya jIvapannavaNA ya || mithyA viparItA dRSTiryasya sa mithyAdRSTi: niddhaya tamo naizaM; yathA nodayateM'zumAn / tathAnudbhidya mithyAtvatamo nodeti darzanam / / -panavaNA-1 - karmagrantha TIkA0 2 - mahApurANa, 116/6/200

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dharma kA mUla : samyagdarzana naSTa kara eka dina maiM avazya hI mukta bnuugaa|' isa prakAra kI niSThA usake antarmAnasa meM jAgRta hotI hai| samyagdarzana prApti ke do kAraNa haiM- eka naisargika aura dUsarA AdhigAmika / 17 nisarga kA artha svabhAva hai / jaba karmoM kI sthiti kama hote-hote eka koTAkoTI sAgaropama se bhI kama raha jAtI hai aura darzanamoha kI tIvratA meM kamI A jAtI hai, taba paropadeza ke vinA hI jo tattvaruci utpanna hotI hai-yathArtha darzana hotA hai, vaha naisargika samyagdarzana hai / zravaNa, manana, adhyayanaM yA paropadeza se satya ke prati jo niSThA jAgRta hotI hai, vaha Adhigamika samyagdarzana hai| prastuta bheda bAhya nimittavizeSa ke kAraNa hI hai| darzanamoha kA vilaya jo antaraMga kAraNa hai, vaha donoM prakAra ke samyagdarzana meM anivArya hai| eka yAtrI yAtrA ke lie calA / pathabhraSTa ho gayA * itastataH paribhramaNa karatA huA svataH patha para AgayA, yaha naisargika pathalAbha huaa| dUsarA yAtrI yAtrA ke lie claa| pathabhraSTa hokara idhara udhara bhaTakatA rahA / pathadarzaka se patha pUcha kara patha para ArUr3ha hA, yaha Adhiramika patha-lAbha huA / ThIka isI prakAra naisargika aura Adhigamika samyagdarzana hai| prAcArya jinasena ke abhimatAnusAra dezanAlabdhi aura kAlalabdhi samyagadarzana kI upalabdhi ke bahiraMga kAraNa haiM, tathA karaNa labdhi antaraMga kAraNa hai / jaba donoM kI prApti hotI hai tabhI bhavya jIva samyagdarzana kA dhAraka hotA hai / 18 17. tannisargAdadhigamAdvA / -tatvArtha sUtra 113 18. dezanAkAlalabdhyAdi, bAhyakAraNasampadi / antaH karaNasAmagra yAM, bhavyAtmA syAd vizuddhikRt // - mahApurANa, jinasena 116 / 6 / 166

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134 dharma aura darzana __ jaba darzana moha ke paramANuoM kA pUrNa upazamana hotA hai taba aupazamika samyaktva hotA hai / kevala vipAkodaya ruka kara pradezodaya hone para kSAyopazamika samyaktva hotA hai aura pUrNa vilaya (kSaya) hone para kSAyika samyakttva hotA hai| yadyapi prApti-krama ke sambandha meM koI nizcita mata nahIM hai, tathApi yaha spaSTa hai ki saiddhAntika dRSTi se sarva prathama kSAyopazamika samyagadarzana utpanna hotA hai / mahApurANa' aura karmagrantha ke anusAra aupazamika samyagdarzana hotA hai| kitane hI prAcArya donoM vikalpoM ko mAnya karate haiM aura kitane hI prAcAryoM kA yaha bhI abhimata hai ki kSAyika samyakdarzana bhI pahale pahala prApta ho sakatA hai| samyagdarzana kA sAdi ananta vikalpa isakA AdhAra hai| tattvoM ke sahI zraddhAna se mithyAtva kA nAza hotA hai aura samyaktva kI upalabdhi hotI hai| jo AtmavikAsa kA prathama sopAna hai jisase zrAvaka-dharma yA zramaNa-dharma ko grahaNa karane ke lie kadama Age bar3hate haiN|21 samyagdarzana jIvana kI amUlya nidhi hai / jise yaha amUlya nidhi prApta ho jAtI hai vaha bhaMgI bhI deva hai| tIrthaMkaroM ne use deva kahA 16. kSayAd darzanamohasya, samyaktvAdAnamAditaH / jantoranAdimithyAtvakalaGkakalilAtmanaH // ' -mahApurANa, 117 / 6 / 200 20. mokha mahala kI parathama sIr3hI, yA vina jJAna critraa| __ samyaktA na lahai so darzana, jAno bhavya pavitrA / -paM0 daulatarAma, chahaDhAlA (kha) darzanaM jJAnacAritrAtsAdhimAnamupAznute, darzanaM karNadhAraM tanmokSamArge pracakSave / -samantabhadra, ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra 21. natthi caritta sammattavihUrNa, daMsaraNe u bhaiyavvaM / sammattacarittAi, jugavaM puvvaM va sammatta // --uttarAdhyayana, adhya0 28 gA0 26

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dharma kA mUla : samyagdarzana hai| rAkha se AcchAdita agni kA teja timira nahIM banatA, vaha jyotipuJja hI rahatA hai / 22 mAnavatA kA sAra jJAna hai aura jJAna kA prAdhAra samyagdarzana hai / 23 kahA jAtA hai ki zrIkRSNa ke pAsa sudarzana cakra thA, jisase sampUrNa zatruoM ko parAjita karake trikhaNDa ke adhipati bana gye| prAtmArUpI kRSNa ke pAsa bhI yadi samyagdarzanarUpI sudarzana cakra hai to vaha bhI kaSAya rUpI zatruoM ko parAjita kara eka dina trilokInAtha bana sakatA hai| ___ mahApuruSoM ke vicAroM kA yaha nitharA huA nicor3a hai-dharmarUpI motI samyagdarzana rUpI sIpI meM hI panapatA hai / 22. samyagdarzanasampannamapi mAtaMgadehajam / devA devaM vidurbhasma-gUDhAMgArAntaraujasam // -ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra 28 23. nANaM narassa sAraM, sAro vi nANassa hoi sammatta / -darzana pAhuDa-gA0 31

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chaha sAdhanA kA mUlAdhAra adhyAtmasAdhanA meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, aura samyak cAritra'- ina tInoM kA gauravapUrNa sthAna hai| dRSTi kI vizuddhi se jJAna vizuddha hotA hai aura jJAna kI vizuddhi se hI cAritra nirmala hotA hai| ataH santa-saMskRti ke prANa-pratiSThApaka bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sAdhanA ke kaThora kaNTakAkIrNa mahAmArga para bar3hane ke pUrva dRSTivizuddhi kI prabala preraNA pradAna kI hai| sAdhanA kI daSTi se samyagdarzana kA prathama sthAna hai, samyagjJAna kA dvitIya aura samyak cAritra kA tRtIya hai| samyagdarzana : AtmA ko AtmavismRti ke gahana andhakAra se nikAlakara 1. tivihe samme paNNatte, taM jahA-NANasamme, daMsaNasamme carittasamme / -sthAnAGga 3 / 4 / 114 2. nAdaMsaNissa nANaM, -uttarAdhyayana 28 // 30 3. nANeNa vinA na huti caraNaguNA / -uttarAdhyayana 28130 4. jeyA'buddhA mahAbhAgA, vIrA asamattadaMsiNo / asuddha tesiM parakkataM, saphalaM hoI savvaso // -sUtrakRtAGga pra08 gA0 22 samma(saraNaM paDhama, sammanANaM biijjiyaM, taiyaM ca samma cArittaM, egabhUyamimaM tigN| -mahAnizItha, 2

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sAdhanA kA mUlAdhAra Atma-bhAva ke Aloka se Alokita karane vAlI vivekayukta dRSTi hI True Faith samyagdarzana hai / dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAya to AtmavikAsa kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asava saMvara, nirjarA, baMdha aura mokSa prAdi tattvoM kA yathArtha zraddhAna samyagdarzana hai| zraddhA jIvana kA sambala hai / vyAvahArika dRSTi se 'jina' kI vANI meM, jinake upadeza meM, jisako dRr3ha niSThA hai, vahI samyagdarzI hai| dharma kA mUla samyagdarzana hai / " yadi mUla meM bhUla hai, samyagdarzana kA prabhAva hai, to sabhI kriyAe~ saMsAra kA kSaya na kara abhivRddhi hI karatI haiM / " samyagdarzI pApa kA anubandhana nahIM karatA / " jo samyagdarzana se saMpanna hai vaha karma se baddha nahIM hotA aura jo samyagdarzanavihIna hai vahI saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai | 12 cAritra 6. 7. 8. 6. 10. sthAnAGga, C ( ka ) tahiyANaM tu bhAvANaM, sabbhAve uvaesaNaM / bhAveNa saddahaMtassa sammattaM taM viyAhiyaM // 12. (kha) tattvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam / tameva saccaM NIsaMkaM jaM jiNehiM paveiyaM / 11. sammattadaMsI na karei pAvaM / (kha) NiggaMthe pAvayaNe aTTe, ayaM paramaThuTTe, sese aNaTThe / daMsaNamUlo dhammo / natthi caritaM sammattavihUNaM / 137 samyagdarzanasampannaH karmabhi rna nibaddha yate / darzanena vihInastu saMsAraM pratipadyate // , - uttarAdhyayana 28 / 15 -- tattvArtha sUtra 1 / 2 - zrAcArAMga, 5 / 163 udda e0 5 - bhagavatI 25 - uttarAdhyayana zra0 28 gA0 26 -darzana pAhuDa - zrAcArAMga 11302 - manusaMhitA, 6 / 74

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dharma aura darzana se bhraSTa vyakti kA nirvANa sambhava hai, para samyagdarzana se calita zrAtmA kA nirvANa asambhava hai / 3 138 AdhyAtmika kSetra meM samyagdarzana kI apAra mahimA gAI gaI hai / jJAtR dharmakathA meM ise ratna kI upAdhi pradAna ko gaI hai / 14 jisa sAdhaka ko isa 'cintAmaNi' divyaratna kI samupalabdhi ho jAtI hai vaha cANDAla bhI deva hai / tIrthaGkaroM ne use deva mAnA hai / rAkha se prAcchAdita prAga kI taraha usake antaratara meM jyotipuJja jAjjvalyamAna rahatA hai / " samyagdarzI sAdhaka Atma-abhyudaya ke patha para nirantara agrasara hotA rahatA hai / vaha kabhI parizrAnti kA anubhava nahIM karatA / vaha yathArtha draSTA hotA hai / usake antarmAnasa meM satya kI jagamagAtI jyoti nirantara jalatI rahatI hai / satya hI loka meM sArabhUta hai ", satya hI bhagavAn hai / " satya bhagavAn kI ArAdhanA sAdhanA hI usake jIvana kA dhyeya hotA hai / satya kI paryupAsanA karane vAle samyagdRSTi ke lie mithyA ta bhI samyak zrata bana jAte haiM / " satya 13. daMsaNabhaTThA bhaTThA, daMsaNabhaTThassa Natthi NivvANaM / sijyaMti cariyabhaTThA, daMsaNabhaTThA Na sijbhaMti // 14. apaDiladdhasammattarayaNapaDilaMbheNaM..... 15. samyagdarzanasampannamapi devA devaM vidurbhasmagUDhAMgArAntaraujasam // saccaM logammi sArabhUyaM / 17, saccaM khu bhagavaM / 18. sammadiTThissa suaM suyanANaM, micchAdiTThissa su sua- annANaM, 16. -jJAtR dharmakathA, zra0 1 sU0 45 mAtaMgadehajam / - SaTprAbhRta -ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 28 - praznavyAkaraNa sUtra -- praznavyAkaraNa sUtra - nandIsutaM

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sAdhanA kA mUlAdhAra 136 sAdhaka rAga-dveSAtmaka saMsAra se pAra ho jAtA hai / vaha devagati ke sivAya anya kisI bhI gati kA Ayu bandha nahIM karatA / 2deg vaha avarNanIya aura acintya AdhyAtmika Ananda kA anubhava karatA hai| eka prAcArya ke zabdoM meM samyagdarzana yathArtha meM bahuta sUkSma hai aura vaha vANI se pare hai / 21 samyagdarzana zabda meM virAT artha sannihita hai / samyaktva, saccAI, haqIkata, rAstI, Tratha, Rta, samatva, yoga, zraddhA Adi zabdoM se jo prAzaya nikalatA hai, usa sabakA samAveza isameM ho jAtA hai| prAyaH sabhI darzanoM aura vicArakoM ne samyagdarzana ko apanI-apanI paramparA ke anusAra mahattva pradAna kiyA hai aura use mukti kA mukhya kAraNa mAnA hai| samanvayadRSTi se cintana karane para sUrya ke ujAle kI bhA~ti spaSTa parijJAna hotA hai ki bhASA meM antara hone para bhI unakA bhAva samAna hI hai| gItA ne yoga22 ko samyagdarzana kahA hai to nyAyadarzana23 ne . tattvajJAna ko| sAMkhyadarzana24 ne bhedajJAna ko samyagdarzana mAnA hai to yogadarzana25 ne vivekakhyAti ko| bauddhadarzana ne kSaNabhaMguratA aura cAra Arya satyoM kA jJAna samyagdarzana svIkAra kiyA hai26 to vedoM ne Rta ko| 16. saccassa prANAe uvaTThio mehAvI mAraM tarai / --prAcArAMga 20. bhagavatI 301 21. samyaktvaM vastutaH sUkSmamasti vAcAmagocaram / 22. samattvaM yoga ucyate / -gItA 2148 23. nyAyasUtra 4 / 1 / 306 24. sAMkhya kArikA 64 25. yoga darzana 1113 26. bauddha darzana

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140 dharma aura darzana samyagdarzana jIvana kI zreSTha kalA hai / prAtmA ko sahaja abhivyakti hai| etadartha hI jaina saMskRti ke isa maulika tattva ko sabhI vicArakoM ne apane yahA~ sthAna diyA hai| samyagjJAna : jJAna AtmA kA nija guNa hai| jJAna ke abhAva meM AtmA kI kalpanA karanA saMbhava nhiiN| nyAya vaizeSika darzana kI taraha jaina darzana ne jJAna ko aupAdhika yA Agantuka nahIM mAnA, kintu prAtmA kA maulika guNa mAnA hai / jJAna prAtmA hI hai, aAtmA se abhinna hai / 27 jo AtmA hai vaha vijJAtA hai aura jo vijJAtA hai vaha AtmA hai / 28 vyavahAra naya se jJAna aura AtmA meM bheda hai, kintu nizcayanaya se prAtmA aura jJAna meM koI bheda nahIM hai / 29 ananta jJAnazakti AtmA meM svabhAva se hI vidyamAna hai kintu jJAnAvaraNa karma se AcchAdita hone ke kAraNa usakA pUrNa prakAza prakaTa nahIM hone pArahA hai| jyoM jyoM AvaraNa haTatA jAtA hai tyoM-tyoM jJAnaprakAza bhI bar3hatA jAtA hai, para prAtmA kI aisI avasthA kabhI nahIM hotI ki usameM kiMcit bhI jJAna kA Aloka na ho| kintu samyagdarzana-sahacarita na hone se vaha jJAna ajJAna arthAt mithyAjJAna kahalAtA hai / AtmA kyA hai ? karma kyA hai ? baMdhana kyA hai ? karma prAtmA ke sAtha kyoM baddha hote hai ? Adi viSayoM kA yathArtha rUpa se parijJAna hI True knowledge samyagjJAna hai| ayathArtha bodha mithyAjJAna hai|31 27.. gANe puNa NiyamaM AyA / -~bhagavatI 12 / 10 28. je AyA se viNAyA, je viNNAyA se aayaa| __ -AcArAMga, 5252166 26. smysaar-6|7 30. savvajIvANaMpi ya NaM akkharassa aNaMtabhAgo niccugghADiyo / -nandI sUtra 43 31. dravya saMgraha

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sAdhanA kA mUlAdhAra 141 dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAya to pratyeka dravya kA unakI ananta guNa paryAyoM sahita aura apane vizuddha AtmasvarUpa kA yathArtha jJAna samyagjJAna hai / 32 jJAna usa tRtIya netra ke samAna hai jisake abhAva meM jIva ziva nahIM bana sakatA, AtmA bhavabandhanoM se vimukta nahIM ho sktaa| mahAn vicAraka zeksapiyara ke zabdoM meM 'jJAna vaha paMkha hai jisase hama svarga meM ur3ate haiN| 33 kanphyUziyasa ne jJAna ko AnandapradAtA mAnA hai|4 vastutaH samyagjJAca hI sacce sukha kA kAraNa hai / jaba taka samyagjJAna nahIM hotA taba taka vikAroM kA vinAza hokara vicAroM kA vikAsa nahIM hotaa| vaidika dArzanikoM ne bhI samyagjJAna ko mahattva diyA hai aura use 'brahmavidyA' kahA hai / 'adhyAtmavidyA' hI samasta vidyAoM kI pratiSThA hai| vahI una saba meM pramukha hai / unako dIpaka ke samAna Aloka dikhAne vAlI hai|8 aura paripUrNatA prApta karAnevAlI hai| 32. jaM jaha thakkau dava, jiya taM taha jANai joji / appaha kerau bhAvaDau NANu suNijjahi soji // -paramAtma prakAza 2026 33. jJAnagaMgA, ayodhyAprasAda goyalIya 34. amara vANI 35. satyena labhyastapasA hyaSa AtmA, samyagjJAnena brahmacaryeNa nityam / -muNDakopaniSad 36. brahmavidyAM sarvavidyApratiSThAm / -muNDakopaniSad 111 37. sarveSAmapi caiteSAmAtmajJAnaM paraM smatam / taddhvagra yaM sarvavidyAnAM prApyate hyamRtaM tataH // -- manusmRti 12-85 38. pradIpaH sarvavidyAnAmupAyaH sarvakarmaNAm / AzrayaH sarvadharmANAM, zazvadAnvIkSikI matA // -kauTilIya arthazAstra 112

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142 138 isa eka kA 4' 1 yahI sarvotkRSTa dharma hai aura jJAnoM meM zreSTha jJAna hai parijJAna hone para kucha bhI jJAtavya nahIM raha jaataa| isa AtmavidyA ke dvArA rAga-dva eSa kI prahAriNa kI jAtI hai / aura yahI sarvottama rAjavidyA hai | 42 nyAyadarzana mithyAjJAna, moha Adi ko saMsAra kA mUla mAnatA hai aura sAMkhya darzana viparyaya ko / 44 bauddha darzana vidyA, rAga-dveSa ko saMsAra kA pradhAna kAraNa svIkAratA hai / 45 jaina dRSTi se sAdhanA ke kSetra meM samyagjJAna kA vahI mahattva haiM jaisA samyagdarzana kA hai| jJAna prakAzaka hai / 46 prathama jJAna aura phira cAritra prAdurbhUta hotA hai / 47 samyak cAritra : AtmasvarUpa meM ramaNa karanA aura jinezvaradevoM ke vacanoM para 36. (ka) ayaM tU paramo dharmaH yadyogenAtmadarzanam / 40. (kha) AtmajJAnaM paraM jJAnam / yajjJAtvA neha bhUyo'nyat jJAtavyamavaziSyate / 41. AnvIkSikyAtmavidyA, syAdIkSaNAt sukhaduHkhayoH / IkSamANastayA tattvaM, harSazokau vyudasyati // 42. rAjavidyArAjaguhya N pavitramidamuttamam / 9 43. nyAyasUtra 4 / 1-3-6 44. sAMkhya kArikA 64 / 3 45. buddha bacana 46. NANaM payAsayaM / 47. paDhamaM NANaM tao dayA / dharma aura darzana - yAjJavalkya 1 / 118 - mahAbhArata, zAntiparva - gItA 7 / 2 - zukranIti 11152 - gItA hAra - mahAnizItha 7 - dazavekAlika 4

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sAdhanA kA mUlAdhAra pUrNa AsthA rakhate hue acchI taraha unhIM ke anurUpa AcaraNa karanA True Conduct samyak cAritra hai / jJAna netra hai, cAritra caraNa hai / patha kA avalokana to caraNa usa prora nahIM bar3he to abhIpsita lakSya kI prApti svinA~ka ne likhA hai - 'vinA cAritra ke jJAna zIze kI A~kha kI taraha hai, sirpha dikhalAne ke lie aura eka dama upayogitArahita / " jJAna kA phala virakti hai / 48 jJAna hone para bhI yadi viSayoM meM anurakti banI rahI to vaha vAstavika jJAna nahIM hai / 48. 46. 50. samyak cAritra jaina sAdhanA kA prAraNa hai / vibhAvagata AtmA ko punaH zuddha svarUpa meM adhiSThita karane ke lie satya ke parijJAna ke sAtha jAgarUka bhAva se sakriya rahanA AcAra-ArAdhanA hai / cAritra eka aisA camakatA hIrA hai jo hara kisI patthara ko ghisa sakatA hai / jIvana kA lakSya sukha nahIM, cAritra hai / " uttama vyakti zabdoM se susta aura cAritra se custa hotA hai / deg bauddha sAhitya meM samyak cAritra ko samyak vyAyAma kahA hai / samanvaya : samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra - ye sAdhanA ke tIna aMga haiM | anya darzanakAra kevala sAdhanA ke eka-eka aMga ko pramukhatA dete haiM - kintu jaina darzanakAra tInoM ke samanvaya ko / bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra ne cAra prakAra ke puruSa batAe haiM: eka zIlasampanna hai, dUsarA zrutasampanna haiM, tIsarA zIla sampanna hai, aura zruta sampanna hai / cauthA na zIla sampanna hai, na ta sampanna hai / jJAnasya phalaM viratiH bIcara kanphyUziyasa zrutasampanna nahIM | zIlasampanna nahIM / 143 kiyA, para saMbhava hai /

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144 dharma aura darzana prathama vyakti mokSamArga kA deza ArAdhaka hai / 51 dUsarA deza virAdhaka hai / 52 tIsarA sarva ArAdhaka hai63, aura cauthA sarva virAdhaka hai|54 isa caturbhaGgI meM bhagavAn ne batAyA ki korA zIla kalyANa kI ekAMgI ArAdhanA hai / korA jJAna bhI isI prakAra kA hai / zola aura jJAna donoM hI nahIM haiM to vaha kalyANa kI ArAdhanA hai hI nhiiN| zIla aura jJAna donoM kI saMgati hai to vaha kalyANa kI sarvAGgINa ArAdhanA hai / 55 samyagdarzana kI prApti caturtha guNasthAna meM ho jAtI hai| sAtaveM guNasthAna taka vaha avazya hI vaha pUrNatA prApta kara letA hai / samyagjJAna kI pUrNatA terahaveM meM aura samyak cAritra ko pUrNatA caudahaveM guNasthAna meM hotI hai| jaba tInoM pUrNa hote haiM tabhI sAdhya kI siddhi hotI hai, acintya avinAzI mokSa pada kI prApti hotI hai / 56 pUrNa vidyA aura cAritra kA samanvaya hI mokSa hai / 57 51. bhagavatI 8.10 12. bhagavatI 8 / 10 53. bhagavatI 8 / 10 54. bhagavatI 8 / 10 55. bhagavatI 8.10 56. sadRSTijJAnacAritratrayaM yaH sevate kRtii| rasAyanamivAtayaM so'mRtaM padamaznute // -mahApurANa, parva 11 zloka0 56 57. Ahesu vijjAcaraNaM pamokkhaM / -sUtrakRtAGga 1 / 12 / 11

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sAta zramaNasaMskRti aura tapa zramaNa saMskRti tapaH pradhAna saMskRti hai / tapa zramaNa saMskRti kA prANa-tattva hai| jIvana kI kalA hai| prAtmA kI antaHsphUrta pavitratA hai, jIvana kA Aloka hai / tapa kI mahimA aura garimA kA jo gauravagAna zramaNa saMskRti ne gAyA hai, vaha anUThA hai, apUrva hai / zramaNa saMskRti kA AdhAra zramaNa hai| jainAgamoM meM aneka sthaloM para'samaraNa' zabda vyavahRta huA hai, jisakA artha sAdhu hai| 'zramaraNa' zabda ke tIna rUpa hote haiM-'zramaNa' 'samana' aura 'zamana' / zramaNa zabda zrama dhAtu se niSpanna hotA hai jisakA artha hai-zrama krnaa| __ dazavakAlika vRtti meM AcArya haribhadra ne tapa kA apara nAma zrama bhI diyA hai / zramaNa kA artha tapasyA se khinna, kSINa kAya tapasvI kiyA hai / jo vyakti apane hI zrama se utkarSa kI prApti karatA hai vaha zramaNa hai| 1. zrAmyantIti zramaNAH tapasyantItyarthaH / -dazavakAlika vRtti 23 2. zrama tapasi khede / 3. zrAmyati tapasA khidyata iti kRtvA zramaNaH / -sUtrakRtAGga 1 / 16 / 1 zolAGka TokA, patra 263

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dharma aura darzana zramaNa saMskRti ne tapa ko dharma mAnA hai| sthAnAGga", samavAyAGga meM daza vidha dharma kA jo ullekha hai usameM tapa bhI eka hai| mokSa mArga kI sAdhanA karane vAle sAdhaka ke lie tapa kI sAdhanA anivArya hai| ___ Agama sAhitya kA paryavekSaNa karane para jJAta hotA hai ki zramaNa saMskRti kA zramaraNa zramaNatva ko svIkAra kara tapaH karma kA prAcaraNa karatA hai| sabhI tIrtha kara tapa ke sAtha hI pravrajyA lete haiN| kyoMki 4. dhammo maMgalamukkiTTha', ahiMsA saMjamo tavo / -dazavakAlika 11 5. khaMtI muttI prajjave maddave lAghave scce| saMjame tave ciyAe baMbhaceravAse / -sthAnAGga 712 6. khaMtI ya maddavajjava, muttI tava saMjame ya boddhavve / saccaM soyaM AkiMcaNaM ca, baMbhaM ca jai-dhammo / / -samavAyAGga 10 7. nANaM ca daMsaraNaM ceva, carittaca tavo thaa| eyaM maggamaNuppattA, jIvA gacchanti soggii|| --uttarAdhyayana 28 / 3 jeNeva samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre teNeva uvAgacchai, uvAgacchaittA evaM jahA usabhadatto taheva pavvalao, NavaraM paMcahiM purisasaehiM saddhiM taheva jAva sAmAiyamAiyAiekkArasabhaMgAI ahijjai, ahijjaittA bahUhiM cauttha chaTTaTTha majAva mAsaddhamAsakkhamaNehiM vicittahiM tavokammehiM appANaM bhAvemANe viharai / ___ -bhagavatI 6 / 33 (kha) bhagavatI 2 / 11906 6. sumaittha NiccabhattaNa, Niggao vAsupujja cottheNaM / pAso mallI ya aTThameNa sesA u cha?reNaM // __ --samavAyAGga sUtra 168 (kha) sumaittha niccabhattaNa, niggato vAsupujja jiNa cauttheNa / pAso mallIvi ya aTTameNa sesA u chaTheNaM // -aAvazyaka niyukti gA0 250

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zramaNasaMskRti aura tapa 12 tapa maMgala hI nahIM, utkRSTa maMgala hai / " bhagavAn zrI RSabhadeva ne eka hajAra varSa taka chadmasthAvasthA meM tapa kI sAdhanA kI / " bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra ne bhI bAraha varSa aura teraha pakSa taka ugra tapa tapA / " isa lambI avadhi meM unhoMne kevala tIna sau unapacAsa dina AhAra grahaNa kiyA / zeSa dina ve nirjala aura nirAhAra rhe| AcArAMga, Avazyaka niyukti, zrAvazyaka cUriNa, Avazyaka hAribhadrIyAvRtti, Avazyaka malayagirivRtti triSaSThizalAkApuruSa caritra, mahAvIra cariyaM prabhRti granthoM meM bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra ke ugra tapa kA jo romAMcakArI varNana kiyA hai use paDhakara pAThaka vismita ho jAtA hai / AcArya bhadrabAhu " 14 ke zabdoM meM anya tIrthaGkaroM kI grapekSA mahAvIra kA tapaH karma pratyugra thA / 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. digambara AcArya guNabhadra ke abhimata se sumatinAtha ne bhI belA ke tapa se dIkSA grahaNa kI thI : dIkSAM SaSThopavAsena sahetukavane'gRhIt / site rAjJAM sahasra eNa sumatirnavamIdine || - uttara purANa, parva 91, dazakAlika 1|1 usame jAva appA 147 arahA kosalie egaM vAsasahassaM nicca vosaTTakAye ciyattadehe bhAvemANassa ekkaM vAsasahassaM vikkataM / (kha) jambUdvIpa prajJapti sU0 40-41 pR0 84 / Avazyaka niyukti gA0 526 se 535 (kha) Avazyaka hAribhadrI mAvRtti 10 227 - 226 (ga) triSaSThizalAkApuruSa caritra 10 / 4 / 652 - 657 (gha) mahAvIra cariyaM, guNacandra 711-8, 10 250 timni sae divasAraNaM auNApanne ya vAraNAkAlo / ilo0 70 pR0 30 - kalpasUtra sU0 196 pR0 58 ( puNyavijaya jI dvArA sampAdita) uggaM ca tavo kammaM, visesao vaddhamANassa / - zrAvazyaka niyukti 534 - zrAvazyaka niyukti gA0 240

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148 dharma aura darzana bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana kA talasparzI adhyayana karane para niHsaMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve tapovijJAna ke advitIya AcArya the| unhoMne apane samaya meM pracalita dehadamanarUpa bahimukha tapa kA Antarika sAdhanA ke sAtha sAmaMjasya sthApita kiyA aura use Antarika evaM vyApaka svarUpa pradAna kiyaa| isa prakAra ve tapaH sAdhanA ke mahAn saMskartA aura sAtha hI puraskartA bhI hue| unakI aneka bahumUlya denoM meM tapaviSayaka dena bhI kama mahattva kI nahIM hai| ____jainAgamoM kI taraha bauddha vAGmaya meM bhI aneka sthaloM para mahAvIra ke ziSyoM ke lie nigaMTha' ke sAtha 'tapassI' 'diggha tapassI' vizeSaNa prayukta hue haiN| isase bhI spaSTa hai ki mahAvIra svayaM kitane ugra tapasvI rahe hoMge / anuttaropapAtika", antakRt dazA", bhagavatI" Adi AgamoM meM mahAvIra ke ziSya aura ziSyAoM kA varNana hai / unhoMne ratnAvalI, kanakAvalI, muktAvalI laghusiMhaniSkrIDita, bhikSu pratimA, laghu sarvatobhadra, mahAsarvatobhadra, bhadrottara pratimA, AyaMbila vardhamAna, guNaratna saMvatsara, candra pratimA, saMlekhanA Adi mahAn tapa karake deha ko jarjarita banAyA thaa|deg "tavasUrA araNagArA"+ anagAra tapa meM zUra hote haiM, yaha jaina paramparA kA prasiddha vAkya hai| 15. 17. uggatave, dittatave, tattatave, mahAtave, orAle ghore ghoraguNe ghora tavassI / , -bhagavatI zataka 1 udde0 3 majjhimanikAya 56 upAlisutta 2 / 1 / 6 anuttaraupapAtika varga 3 antakRtdazA varga 6, a0 3, varga 8, a0 1-10 bhagavatI 21 antkRtdshaa| + khaMtisUrA arihantA, tavasUrA aNagArA / dANasUre vesamaNe, juddhasUre vAsudeve / / -ThANAGga 4 / 3 / 363 20.

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zramaNasaMskRti aura tapa 146 jaina zramaNa ke lie jahA~ jJAna-darzana-cAritrasampanna vizeSaNa prayukta hue hai vahA~ use tapasampanna bhI kahA gayA hai / 21 ___ tapa jIvanotthAna kA prazasta patha hai / tapa kI utkRSTa aArAdhanAsAdhanA se tIrthakara pada prApta hotA hai| sabhI tIrthaGkaroM ne apane pUrva bhavoM meM tapa kI sAdhanA kI / zramaNa bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra ke jIva ne 'nandana' ke bhava meM eka lakSa varSa taka nirantara mAsakhamaNa kI tapasyA kI / 22 una mAsakhamaNoM kI saMkhyA gyAraha lAkha sATha hajAra thii| vaidika saMskRti ne bhI sAdhaka ke lie tapa ko sAdhanA Avazyaka mAnI hai / 23 yoga darzana ne tapa ko kriyAyoga meM sthAna diyA hai / 24 21. bhgvtii| 22. sayasahassa samvattha mAsabhatteNaM / -Avazyaka niyukti gA0 450 (kha) ekkArasa aMgAi ahijjittA tattha mAsaM mAseNaM khamamANo egaM bAsasahassaM pariyAgaM pAuNittA -prAvazyaka cUNi pR0 235 jinadAsagaNI mahattara (ga) sayasahassa tti varSazatasahasra yAvaditi / kathaM ? sarvatra mAsabhakteneti anavaratamAsopavAseneti / -prAvazyaka malayagirivRtti pa0 252 (gha) tatra varSalakSaM sarvadA mAsakSapaNena tapastaptvA / -samavAyAGga, abhayadeva vRtti 136 (Ga) mAsopavAsa: satataH zrAmaNyaM sa prakarSayan / vyahArSIdguruNA sArdhaM grAmAkarapurAdiSu / -triSaSThi0 1011 / 221 23. zaucasantoSatapaH svAdhyAyezvarapraNidhAnAni niyamAH / -yogadarzana 2 / 32 24. tapaH svAdhyAyezvarapraNidhAnAni kriyAyogaH / -yogadarzana 211

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150 dharma aura dazana upaniSad,25 gItA,26 aura manusmRti27 ne bhI tapa aura svAdhyAya para para bala diyA hai| kintu yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki vaidika saMskRti kI tapaH sAdhanA meM aura jaina saMskRti kI tapaH sAdhanA meM mahAn antara hai| ___jaina saMkRti ne tapa ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai-eka bAhya tapa aura dUsarA Abhyantara tapa / 28 25. sa tapo'tapyata / -bRhadAraNyaka 1 / 2 / 6 (kha) tapastapyate bahUni varSasahasrANi / -bRhadAraNyaka 3 / 810 (ga) yajJena dAnena tpsaa| -bRhadAraNyaka 4 / 4 / 22 (gha) tapazca svAdhyAyapravacane ca -taittirIya upaniSad 161 26. zraddhayA parayA taptaM tapaH -gItA 17 / 17 27. kSAntyA zuddha yanti vidvAMso, dAnenA'kAryakAriNaH / pracchannapApA japyena tapasA vedavittamAH / / -manusmRti 5 / 106 (kha) adbhir gAtrANi zuddha yanti, manaH satyena zudhyati / vidyAtapobhyAM bhUtAtmA, buddhimena zudhyati / -manusmRti 5 / 108 (ga) tapazcaraNazcogra : sAdhayantIha tatpadam / / --manusmRti 675 (gha) tapo vidyA ca viprasya, niHzreyasakaraM param / tapasA kilviSaM hanti, vidyayA'mRtamaznute // -vahIM 12 / 104 28. so tavo duviho vutto, bAhiranbhansaro tahA / bAhiro chaviho vutto, evamabhaMtaro tavo // ----uttarA03017

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zramaNasaMskRti aura tapa 151 jisa tapa meM zArIrika kriyA kI pradhAnatA hotI hai aura jo bAhya dravyoM kI apekSAyukta hone se dUsaroM ko dRSTigocara hotA hai vaha bAhya tapa hai / aura jisa tapa meM mAnasika kriyA kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, antarvattiyoM kI parizuddhi mukhya hotI hai aura jo mukhya rUpa se bAhya dravyoM kI apekSA na rakhane ke kAraNa dUsaroM ko bhI nahIM dIkhatA hai, vaha Abhyantara tapa hai / 29 bAhya tapa ke chaha bheda haiM (1) anazana-AhAra, jala Adi kA eka dina, yA adhika dina athavA jIvana paryanta ke lie tyAga karanA anazana hai| itvarikaalpakAlika aura yAvatkathika-yAvajjIvita, ye mukhya rUpa se do bheda bAhyatapaH-bAhyazarIrasya parizoSaNena karmakSapaNahetutvAditi, AbhyantaraM-cittanirodhaprAdhAnyena karmakSapaNahetutvAditi / -samavAyAGga sama0 6 ko abhayadeva vatti (kha) abhitarae-abhyantaram -Antarasyaiva zarIrasya tApanA tsamyagdRSTibhireva tapastayA pratIyamAnatvAcca, 'bAhirae' tti bAhyasyaiva zarIrasya tApanAnmithyAdRSTibhirapi tapastayA pratIyamAnatvAcceti / -aupapAtika sUtra 30 ko abhayadeva vRtti (ga) bAhyadravyApekSatvAtparapratyakSatvAcca bAhyatvam kathamasyAbhyantaratvam ? manoniyamanArthatvAt / -tattvArthasUtra 6 / 16-20, sarvArthasiddhi aNarANamUNoyariyA, bhikkhAyariyA ya rspriccaao| kAyakileso saMlINayA, ya bajjho tavo hoi / ---uttarAdhyayana 308 (kha) anazanAvamaudaryavRttiparisaMkhyAnarasaparityAgaviviktazayyAsanakA - yaklezA bAhya tapaH / ___-tattvArthasUtra0 pra0 6, sU0 16 (ga) mUlAcAra-baTTakera 346 (gha) ThANAGga 6 / sU0 511 (Ga) pravacanasAroddhAra gAthA 270-272

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152 dharma aura darzana hai / itvarika tapa avakAMkSAsahita hotA hai aura yAvatkathika avakAMkSA rahita hotA hai| ina donoM ke bhI aneka bheda prabheda haiN| (2) UnodarikA-Agama sAhitya meM UnodarikA, avamodarikA33 aura avamaudarya ye tIna nAma upalabdha hote haiM / AhAra kI mAtrA se kama khAnA, kucha bhUkhA rahanA, kaSAyoM ko kama karanA, upakaraNoM ko kama karanA UnodarikA hai| mukhya rUpa se UnodarikA tapa ke tIna bheda haiM-(1) upakaraNa avamodarikA, (2) bhakta pAna avamodarikA (3) aura bhAva avamodarikA / 35 ina tInoM ke bhI aneka bheda prabheda pratipAdita kiye gaye haiM / 36 (3) bhikSAcaryA-sthAnAGga, bhagavatI, uttarAdhyayana aura propapAtika meM prastuta nAma prApta haiM aura samavAyAMga, va tattvArtha sUtra meM 31. ittariya maraNakAlA ya, aNasaNA duvihA bhave / ittariya sAvakaMkhA niravakaMkhA u biijjiyA // -uttarAdhyayana 309 .324. samavAyAGga sama0 6 (kha) bhagavatI 257 (ga) uttarAdhyayana 3018 33. (ka) sthAnAGga 3 / 3 / 182 (kha) aupapAtika 30 (ga) bhagavatI 257 34. (ka) uttarAdhyayana 30 / 14,23 (kha) tattvArtha sUtra 616 tivihA promoyariyA paM0 taM0 uvagaraNomoyariyA, bhattapANomodaritA, bhaavomodritaa| --sthAnAGga 3 // 3 // 182 aupapAtika 30 (kha) bhagavatI 257 (ga) ThANAGga 3 / 3 / 182 (gha) uttarAdhyayana 30 samavAyAGga, sama06 38. sattvArtha sUtra 1916 35. 36.

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zramaNa saMskRti aura tapa 153 ise 'vRtti saMkSepa' aura 'vRttiparisaMkhyAna' kahA hai| abhigraha pUrvaka bhikSA kA kama karanA vRttisaMkSepa hai|39 arthAt jIvana nirvAha ke sAdhanoM kA saMyama krnaa| aupapAtika aura bhagavatI meM isake tIsa bhedoM kA ullekha hai / sthAnAGga42 meM unake atirikta do bhedoM kA aura ullekha kiyA hai tathA uttarAdhyayana3 meM bhI anya bhedoM kA nirUpaNa hai| (4) rasaparityAga-ghRta, dUdha, dahI, makkhana Adi rasoM kA parityAga karanA,44 tathA praNIta pAna bhojana kA varjana krnaa| umAsvAti ne madya, mAMsa, madhu aura makkhana Adi jo rasa vikRtiyA~ haiM unakA pratyAkhyAna tathA virasa Adi kA abhigraha rasa (kha) dazavakAlika niyukti gA0 47 36. bhikSAcaryA sarva tapo nirjarAGgatvAdanazanavad athavA sAmAnyopAdAne'pi viziSTA vicitrAbhigrahayuktatvena vRttisaMkSeparUpA sA graahyaa| ThANAGga 5 / 3 / 51 vRtti 40. aupapAtika sama0 30 41: bhagavatI 257 42. ThANAGga 5 / 11366 43. aTThavihagoyaraggaM tu tahA satteva esaNA / abhiggahA ya je anne bhikkhAyariyamAhiyA / / -uttarA0 30125 44. khIradahisappimAI paNIyaM pANabhoyaNaM, parivajjaNaM rasANaM tu bhaNiyaM rasavivajjaNaM / -uttarA0 30126 (kha) ghRtAdivRSyarasaparityAgazcaturtha tpH| -tattvArtha0 6 / 16 sarvArthasiddhiH

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dharma aura darzana parityAga tapa mAnA hai / 45 isake bhI aupapAtika meM nau bheda batAye haiN|46 (5) kAyakleza-Asana, AtApanA, vibhUSA-varjana aura parikarma ke dvArA zarIra ko sthira karanA kAyakleza tapa hai| isake AgamoM meM kahIM para sAta,48 kahIM para dasa9 aura kahIM para bAraha bheda nirUpita kiye gaye haiN| (6) pratisaMlInatA- mana aura indriyoM ko apane viSayoM se haTAkara antamukha karanA, anudIrNa krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA nirodha karanA tathA udaya meM Aye hue ko viphala karanA, aura strIpazu napuMsaka rahita ekAnta zAnta sthAna meM nivAsa karanA pratisaMlInatA tapa hai| yaha (1) indriya-pratisaMlInatA (2) kaSAya prati saMlInatA, (3) yoga 45. rasaparityAgo'nekavidhaH / tadyathA-mAMsamadhunavanItAdInAM madyarasavikRtInAM pratyAkhyAnaM virasarUkSAdyabhigrahazca / -tattvArtha0 6 / 16 bhASya se ki taM rasa pariccAe ? arogavihe paNatte / taM jahA-nivvIie, paNIyarasapariccAe (3) AyaMbilie (4) AyAmasitthabhoI (5) arasAhAre, (6) virasAhAre, (7) antAhAre (8) pantAhAre, (1) luuhaahaare| .-aupapAtika, sama0 30 47. ThANA vIrAsaNAIyA jIvassa u suhAvahA / uggA jahA dharijjanti kAyakilesaM tamAhiyaM // -uttarA0 3017 48. ThANAGga 7 / 3 / 554 46. ThANAGga // 1 // 366 50. aupapAtika, sama0 30 (kha) bhagavatI 257 meM bhI kAyakleza ke aneka bheda batAye hai|

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zramaNa saMskRti aura tapa pratisalInatA (4) viviktarAyanAsanasevanatA ke rUpa meM cAra prakAra kA hai / aura inake bhI aneka upabheda haiN|11 prAbhyantara tapa ke bhI chaha bheda haiM-52 (7) prAyazcitta--pUrvakRta doSoM kI AlocanA kara Atmavizuddha yartha prAyazcita grahaNa krnaa| prAyazcitta pApa kA chedana karatA hai aura citta ko vizuddha karatA hai / 54 prAyazcitta tapa ke bhI dasa bheda haiM-(1) AlocanAha (2) pratikramaraNArha (3) tadumayAha (4) vivekArha (5) vyutsargArha (6) tapArha (7) chedAha (8) mUlAI (6) anavasthApyAI (10) pArAMcitArha / 55 51. indiyakasAyajoge, paDucca saMloNayA muNeyavvA / taha jA vivittacariyA, pannattA vIyarAgehiM // -uttarA0 30128 nemicandrIya TIkA meM uddhRta 52. pAyacchitaM viNao, veyAvaccaM taheva sjjhaao| jhAraNaM ca viussago, eso abhitaro tvo|| --uttarAdhyana 30 / 30 (kha) prAyazcitavinayavaiyAvRtyasvAdhyAyavyutsargadhyAnAnyuttaram / ___ tatvArtha sUtra a0 6 sU0 20 (ga) sthAnAGga 6 sU0 551 (gha) mUlAcAra-vaTTakera gA0 360 (Ga) pravacana sAroddhAra gA0 270-72 53. AloyaNArihAIyaM pAyacchitta tu dasavihaM / jaM bhikkhU vahai sammaM pAyacchitta tamAhiyaM / / -uttarA0 30 54. pApaM chinatti yasmAt prAyazcittamiti bhaNyate tasmAt, prAyeNa vApi cittaM vizodhayati tena prAyazcittam / -dazavakAlika 11 hAribhadrIyA vRtti meM uddhRta 55. AloyaNapaDikkamaNe mIrAvivege tahA viussagge, tavamUlamaNavaTThayA ya pAraMcie ceva / ... dazavakAlika 11 hAribhadrIyA vRtti meM uddhRta

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156 dharma aura darzana (8) vinaya-jJAna, darzana, cAritra, Adi sadguNoM meM bahumAna rakhanA vinaya hai| vinaya ke sAta prakAra haiM-(1) jJAna kA vinaya, (2) zraddhA kA vinaya (3) cAritra kA vinaya (4) mana-vinaya (5) vacanavinaya (6) kAya-vinaya aura (7) lokopacAra vinaya 56 inake bhI phira aneka bheda prabheda haiM / 50 (9) vaiyAvRtya-prAcArya, upAdhyAya, tapasvI, zaikSaka, glAna, gaNa, kula, saMgha, sAdhu Adi kI AhAra Adi ke dvArA sevA krnaa|58 (10) svAdhyAya-vidhipUrvaka prAtma-vikAsakArI adhyayana 56 (kha) aupapAtika, sama0 30 (ga) sthAnAGga 733 (gha) bhagavatI zataka 25 u0 7 (Ga) vyavahAra bhASya gA0 53 pR0 20 (ka) bhagavatI 257 (kha) ThANAGga-585 (ga) aupapAtika (ga) dharma saMgraha adhyayana 3, vratAticAra prakaraNa NANe daMsaNacaraNe maNavaikAovayArio viNao / NANe paMcapagAro maiNANAINa saddahaNa // bhattI taha bahumANo taddidvatthANa sammabhAvaNayA / vihigahaNanbhAsovi a eso viNao jiNAbhihio // -dazavakAlika 11 hAribhadrIyA vRtti meM 57. (ka) bhagavatI 257 (kha) ThANAGga 7 / 3 / 585 (ga) dazava0 hAri0 vRtti0 111 58. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekheM, lekhaka kA 'sevA : eka vizleSaNa' lekha /

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zramaNa saMskRti aura tapa svAdhyAya hai / 59 isake pAMca prakAra haiM-(1) vAcanA, (2) pRcchA (3) parivartana-smaraNa, (4) anuprekSA-cintana, (5) dhrm-kthaa|60 (11) dhyAna-adhyavasAya ko sthira karanA dhyAna hai / caMcala citta kA kisI eka viSaya meM sthira ho jAnA dhyAna hai| dhyAna ke cAra prakAra haiM-(1) prAtaH, (2) raudra, (3) dharma, (4) zukla / 62 pAta aura 56. "ajjhayaNaMmi rao sayA"-ajjhayaNaM sajjhAo bhaNNai, taMmi sajjhAe sadA rato bhavijjati / -dazavakAlika, jinadAsa cUNi 287 (kha) svAdhyAye vAcanAdau -dazavakAlika, hAribhadrIyaTIkA 235 60. vAyaNA pucchaNA ceva, taheNa pariyaTTaNA / aguppehA dhammakahA, sajjhAo paMcahA bhave // -uttarA0 30 // 34 (kha) paMcavihe sajjhAe pa0 taM0 vAyaNA, pucchaNA, pariyaTTaNA, aNuppehA, dhmmkhaa| -sthAnAGga 5 / 3 / 465 (ga) tattvArtha sUtra 6 / 25 (gha) bhagavatI 25702 aupapAtika 30 61. (ka) egagga maNasannivesaNAe NaM bhaMte ! jIve ki jaNayai ? egaggamaNasannivesaNAe NaM cittanirohaM karei / -uttarAdhyayana 2625 (kha) uttamasaMhananasyaikAgracintAnirodho dhyAnam / -tattvArtha sUtra 627 (ga) jaM thiramajhavasANa taM jhAraNaM / (gha) ThANAGga // 3 // 511 TIkA 62. cattAri jhANA paM0 20 aTTa jhANe, rodda jhANe, dhamme jhAraNe, sukke jhaanne| -ThANAMga 4 / 1 / 308

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158 dharma aura darzana raudra ye do dhyAna aprazasta haiN| dharma aura zukla the do dhyAna prazasta haiM / 63 aprazasta dhyAna ko tyAgakara prazastadhyAna meM prAtmA ko sthira karanA vastutaH dhyAna hai|64 ina cAroM dhyAnoM ke bhI aneka bheda prabheda haiN|65 (12) vyutsarga-zarIra, sahayoga, upakaraNa aura khAna-pAna kA tyAga karanA aura kaSAya, saMsAra aura karma kA tyAga karanA vyutsarga hai|66 vyutsarga tapa do prakAra kA hai-(1) dravya vyutmarga (2) aura bhAva vyutsarga / 60 dravya vyutsarga,---(1) zarIra vyutsarga,68 (2) gaNa-vyutsarga, (3) upadhi vyutsarga (4) aura aAhAravyutsarga rUpa meM cAra prakA hai| bhAvavyutsarga-(1) kaSAyavyutsargaH, (2) saMsAra vyutsarga ( 3ra karmavyutsarga rUpa meM tIna prakAra kA hai / isa prakAra tapa ke do prakAra batAye haiN| bAhya tapa meM sarIrasambandhI sabhI sAdhanA-niyama samA jAte haiM, aura pAbhyantara tapa meM 64. (kha) Artaraudradharma shuklaani| -tattvArthaH 6 / 26 63. pare mokSahetU / -tattvArtha0 6 / 30 aruddANi vajjittA, jhAejjA susamAhie / dhammasukkAI jhANAI jhANaM taM tu buhA' vara / / - uttarA0 30135 sthAnAGga 4 / 1 / 308 66. aupapAtika, tapo'dhikAra / 67. bAhyAbhyantaropadhyoH / -tattvArtha 0 6 / 26 68. sayaNAsaNaThANe vA, je u bhikkhU na vAvare / kAyassa viussago, chaTTho so prikittio||

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zramaNa saMskRti aura tapa 156 hRdaya ko vizuddha banAne vAle prAcAroM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| anazana aura dhyAna donoM kA sundara samanvaya prastuta krama meM kiyA gayA hai| isa krama meM na kevala kaSTa sahana kA vidhAna hai aura na kaSTa se pAlayana kara citta ko ekAgra karane kA prayatna hI hai / sAdhaka ke lie sahiSNutA aura ekAgratA donoM apekSita haiN| donoM kA sumela isa sAdhanA krama meM hai| para anya paramparAoM meM aisA suniyojita krama nahIM hai / anya paramparAoM ne jahA~ kevala kAya-kleza aura deha-damana ko mahattva diyA hai, vahA~ jaina paramparA ne kAyakleza aura dehadamana ke sAtha hI prAbhyantara tapa ko mahattva diyA hai / jaina saMskRti kA yaha vajra AghoSa rahA hai ki bAhya tapa ke sAtha yadi prAbhyantara tapa kA mela nahIM hai to vaha bAhya tapa mithyA hai / dhanya anagAra kI taraha hI 66. davve bhAve a tahA duhA, visaggo cauviho davve / gaNadehovahibhatta, bhAve kohAdi cAo tti / kAle gaNadehANaM, atirittAsuddhabhattapANANaM / kohAiyANa sayayaM, kAyavvo hoI cAo tti / / -dazavakAlika 1-1 hAribhadrIyA vRtti 70. lokapratItattvAt kutIthikaizca svAbhiprAyeNA''sevyamAnatvAt bAhya, taditaraccA''bhyantaramuktam / -uttarAdhyayana 3017 nemicandrAcArya vRtti (kha) bAhyadravyApekSatvAd bAhyatvam / 17 parapratyakSatvAt 18 tIrthyagRhasthakAryatvAcca // 19 // anazanAdi hi tIthyagRhaspaizca kriyate tato'pyasya bAhyatvam / -tattvArtha sUtra 6 / 16 rAjavAtika 71. khuhaM pivAsaM dussejjaM, sIjaNahaM araI bhayaM / ahiyAse avvahio, dehe dukkhaM mahAphalaM // -vazavakAlika gA0 27 72. anusaropapAtika varga 3

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160 dharma aura darzana tAmalI tApasa 3 aura pUraNa tApasa ne ugra tapa kiyA thA, kintu prAbhyantara tapa ke abhAva meM unake vipula tapa ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ajJAnatapa kahA hai| karor3oM varSoM taka ajJAna-tapa karane para ajJAnI jitane karmoM ko naSTa kara pAtA hai, utane karmoM ko jJAnI kucha hI samaya meM naSTa kara detA hai / etadartha hI sAdhaka ko bAhya tapa karane ke pUrva AgamoM kA adhyayana karanA Avazyaka mAnA hai / 6 bAhya tapa kriyAyoga kA pratIka hai aura prAbhyantara tapa jJAnayoga kA / jJAna aura kriyA kA samanvaya hI mokSa kA mArga hai| upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI ne etadartha hI muni ko bAhya aura Abhyantara tapa karane kI preraNA dI hai| __mahAtmA buddha ne majjhima nikAya Adi meM jaina saMskRti ke tapa 73. bhagavatI, zataka 3 / uddeza0 1 74. bhagavatI, zataka 3 udda0 2 jaM annANI kamma khavei, bahuyAhi vAsakoDIhiM / taM nANI tihiM gutto, khavei UsAsamitteNa / / ___.-saMthAra painnA (kha) uggatavaNaNNANI jaM kamma khavadi bhavahi bahuehi / taM NANI tihiM gutto, khavei aMtomuhattaNaM // -mokSa pAhuDa-kundakunda 53 76. tae NaM se dhanna aNagAre samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa tahArUvAraNaM therANaM aMtie sAmAiyamAiyAiekkArasa agAI ahijjai, ahijjittA saMjameNaM tavasA appANaM bhAve mAraNe vihri| -anuttaraupapAtika varga 3 77. dohiM ThANehi aNagAre saMpanna aNAiyaM aNavadaggaM dIhamaddha cAuraMtasaMsArakaMtAraM bIivaejjA, taM jahA-vijjAe ceva, caraNeNa neva / -sthAnAMga 21 (kha) jJAna kriyAbhyAM mokssH| 75. mUlottaraguNazreNi, prAjyasAmrAjyasiddhaye / bAhyamAbhyantaraM cetthaM, tapaH kuryAt mahAmuniH / / -jJAnasAra tapapraSTaka 6 76. majjhimanikAya, upAlisutta 56

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zramaNasaMskRti aura tapa kA upahAsa kiyA hai aura usakI nirarthakatA batAI hai / para jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne kevala bAhya tapa ko hI asalI tapa samajhA, yAbhyantara tapa kI ora unakA dhyAna hI nahIM gayA / yadi gayA hotA to bhUlakara ke bhI ve jaina paramparA ke tapa kA upahAsa nahIM kara sakate the| jaina paramparA meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai-kAyakleza aura dehadamana tabhI taka sArthaka haiM jaba unakA upayoga AdhyAtmika zuddhi ke lie hotA hai| jo bAhya tapa AdhyAtmika kaluSatA paidA karatA hai, vaha tapa nahIM, tApa hai, upavAsa nahIM, laMghana hai| upavAsa kA artha hai-pApoM se nivRtta hokara sadguNoM meM ramaNa krnaa| ___ mahAtmA buddha aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kI tapaH sAdhanA meM yahI mukhya antara rahA hai| mahAtmA buddha ne chaha varSa taka ugra tapa kiyA, tapa se deha ko jarjarita banAyA, para prAbhyantara tapa ke abhAva meM bAhya tapa unheM zAnti pradAna nahIM kara skaa| anta meM unhoMne bAhyatapa kA tyAga kiyaa| kintu bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra bAhyatapa ke sAtha sadA Abhyantara tapa karate rhe| anazana ke sAtha Asana aura dhyAna kI spardhA-sI calatI rhii| unhoMne apane sAdhanA kAla meM UkaDU Asana, niSadyA, kAyotsarga, pratimAe eka bAra nahIM, apitu zatAdhika bAra 80. tadeva hi tapaH kArya, duniM yatra no bhavet / yena yogA na hIyante, kSIyante nendriyANi ca // -jJAnasAra, tapaaSTaka, upA0 yazovijaya 81. kaSAyaviSayAhAraH tyAgo yatra vidhIyate / upavAsaH sa vijJeyaH, zeSaM laMghanaMka viduH // 82. upAvRttasya pApebhyaH sahavAso guNahi yaH / upavAsaH sa vijJeyo na zarIrasya zoSaNam // 83. ihAsane zuSyatu me zarIraM, tvagasthimAMsaM pralayaM ca yAtu / aprApya bodhiM bahukalpadurlabhAM naivAsanAt kAyamidaM caliSyati // -darzana aura cintana, paM0 sukhalAla jI dvi0 khaNDa -pR0 63 meM uddhRta 84. majjhima nikAya 12 mahAsIhanAda sUtra0 daNDikA 20 se 26 taka /

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162 dharma aura darzana kii|5 bAraha bAra unhoMne eka rAtri kI pratimA aMgIkAra kii|6 jaba bhagavAn dRr3habhUmi ke peDhAla grAma meM vicaraNa kara rahe the taba unhoMne polAza caitya meM tIna dina kA upavAsa kiyaa| kAyotsarga mudrA kii| unakA tana Age kI ora kucha jhukA huA thaa| eka pudgala para dRSTi kendrita thii| A~kheM animeSa thiiN| tana praNihita thA, indriyA~ gupta thiiN| donoM paira saTe hue the aura donoM hAtha pralambita the| prastuta mudrA meM bhagavAn ne eka rAtri kI mahApratimA kii| __bhagavAn ne sAnulaSTi grAma meM bhadrA, mahAbhadrA aura sarvatobhadrA pratimA nAmaka tapazcaryA kI / cAroM dizAoM meM cAra-cAra prahara taka kAyotsarga karanA bhadrA pratimA hai|" isa pratimA kI ArAdhanA karane vAlA prathama dina pUrvadizA kI ora mukha kara kAyotsarga karatA hai, rAtri 85. tinni sae divasAraNaM auNApanna ya pAraNAkAlo / ukkuDuanisijjAe, ThiyapaDimANaM sae bahue // -zrAvazyaka niyukti gA0 534 86. dasa do a kira mahappA ThAi maNI egarAiyaM paDimaM / aTThamabhatteNa jaI ikkikaM caramarAI a|| -Avazyaka niyukti gA0 531 87. tato bhayavaM bahumecchaM daDhabhUmi gato, tassa bahiM polAsaM nAma ceiyaM, tattha aTThameNa bhattaNa apANaeNa IsipabbhAragaeNa kAeNaM, isIpabbhAragato nAma Isi oNato kAto, egapoggalaniruddhadiTThI aNimisanayaNe, tatthavi je acittA poggalA tesu diTTi nivesei, sacettehi diTThI appAijjai, jahA duccAe, ahApaNihiehiM gattahiM savidiehiM guttahiM dovi pAe sAhaTTa vagghAriyapANI egarAiyaM mahApaDimaM Thito / etadevAhadaDhabhUmI bahumicchA peDhAlaggAmamAgao bhayavaM / polAsaceiyammi TThiegarAI mahApaDimaM // -Avazyaka niyukti gA0 467 malayagiri vRtti patra 288 pUrvAdidikcatuSTaye pratyekaM praharacatuSTayakAyotsargakaraNarUpA ahorAtra dvayamAneti / - sthAnAGga sUtra, saTIka pra0 bhA0 patra 65-2 88.

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zramaNasaMskRti aura tapa 163 meM dakSiNa dizA kI ora mukha kara kAyotsarga karatA hai / dvitIya dina pazcima dizA kI ora mukha kara kAyotsarga karatA hai aura rAtri meM uttara kI ora mukha kara kAyotsarga karatA hai| bhagavAn ne bhadrA ke pazcAt hI mahAbhadrA pratimA prArambha kara dii| usameM cAroM dizAoM meM eka dina rAta kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai| bhagavAna ne cAra dina taka isakI ArAdhanA kii| isake pazcAt sarvatobhadrA pratimA kA prArambha kiyA, isameM dasa dina-rAta lge| dazoM dizAoM meM kramazaH ahorAtra kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai ! isa prakAra bhagavAn solaha dina-rAta taka satata dhyAnarata aura upavAsI rahe / 91 89. mahAbhadrApi tathaiva, navaramahorAtrakAyotsargarUpA ahorAtracatuSTayamAnA / -sthAnAGga bRtti pra0 bhA0 patra 65-2 60. sarvatobhadrA tu dazasu, dikSu pratyekamahorAtrakAyotsargarUpA ahorAtradazakapramANeti / / __ --vahI, patra, 65-2 61. tadanantaraM sAnulaSTigrAmaM gataH / tattha bAhi bhaddapaDimaM hito / kerisiyA bhaddA paDimA ? bhannai, pubbAbhimuho divasaM acchai, pacchA ratti dAhiNahutto, tato boe ahoratta avareNaM divasaM uttareNaM ratti, evaM cha?NaM bhatteNaM niTThiyA, tahavi na ceva pArei, tato apArito ceva mahAbhadda paDimaM ThAi, sA puNa evaM-puvAe disAe ahoratta, evaM causu vi disAsu cattAri ahorattA, evamesA dasameNa nidviA, tahAvi na pArei, tAhe apArito ceva savvatobhaddapaDimaM ThAi, sA puNa savvatobhaddA evaM iMdAe ahoratta, evaM-aggeIe jammAe neraIe vAruNIe vAyavvAe somAe IsANIe vimalAe (tamAe) tattha jAI uDDhaloiyAI davAI tAI nijjhAyai, tamAe hechillAI, eyamesA dasahiM disAhiM bAvIsaimeNa samappai, evaM ca prathamAyAM pratimAyAM cattAri yAmacatuSkANi, tadyathAeka pUrvasyAmekamaparasyAmekaMdakSiNasyAmekamuttarasyAM, dvitIyasyAmaSTau yAmacatuSkANi, tadyathA dvayAmacataSke pUrvasyAmevaM yAvata dvayAmacatuSke uttarasyAM, tRtIyasyAM viMzatiryAmacatuSkAni, tadyathA-va yAmacatuSke pUrvasyAmevaM yAvat dve yAmacatuSke tamAyAmiti,........

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164 dharma aura darzana taba bhI ve UkaDU aura dhyAnAntarikA meM ki ve tapa se kabhI bhI jaba bhagavAn ko kevala jJAna utpanna huA thA, Asana se baiThe the| do dina kA upavAsa thA / vartamAna the / unake jIvanadarzana se spaSTa hai Ube nahIM / isa ugra tapazcaraNa kI badaulata unameM asAdhAraNa sahiSNutA utpanna ho gaI thI / yahI kAraNa hai ki ghora se ghora anukUla aura pratikUla upasarga evaM parISaha unheM apane dhyeya se vicalita nahIM kara sake / 95 bhagavAn ne atyanta vIratA ke sAtha unheM sahana karake eka Adarza upasthita kara diyA / upAdhyAya zrI yazovijaya jI kahate haiM - " jaise dhanArthI manuSya ko zIta, tApa, kSudhA Adi dussaha pratIta nahIM hotA, vaise hI tattva jJAna ke arthI sAdhaka ko bhI kisI prakAra kA dehakaSTa duHssaha nahIM hotA / " paDimA bhadda mahAbhadda savvaobhadda paDhamiyA cauro / avIsA''de bahuliya taha ujjhiyA divvA || 92. jaMbhiya bahi ujuvAliya tIraviyAvatta sAmasAla ahe / chakkuDuyassa u uppanna kevalaM nANaM // . 6. - zrAvazyaka niyukti gA0 466, malaya0 vRtti 208 64. 63. bhAratariyAe vaTTamANassa / - zrAvazyaka niyukti 524 bR0 pa0 265 dhUlI pivaliAo uddasA ceba taha ya uNholA / vicchua naulA sappA ya mUsagA ceva aTThamayA // hatthI hatthiNiyAo pisAbae ghorarUMva vaggho ya / thero therI sUo Agacchai pakkaNo a tahA // kharavAya kalaMkaliyA, kAlacakkaM taheva ya / pAbhAiyamuvasaggo, bIsaime hoti agulome // sAmANiyadeviddhi devo dAei so vimANagao / bhai vareha maharisi ! niSpattI saggamokkhANaM // - zrAvazyaka niyukti gA0 502 - 505 (kha) triSaSThi 0 10 / 4 / 186 - 281 - zrAvazyaka niyukti gA0 525 AcArAMga zra0 2, a0 15, sU0 1018 dhanArthinAM yathA nAsti zItatApAdi dussaham / tathA bhava - viraktAnAM tatva-jJAnArthinAmapi // -jJAnasAra-tapASTaka

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zramaNasaskRti aura tapa 165 apitu dhyeya ke mAdhurya kA anubhava ho jAne para aura usameM gaharI lagana laga jAne para dehadamana bhI Ananda kI vRddhi karane vAlA hotA hai / __ jaina saMskRti ne tapa kA mukhya dhyeya AtmAbhyudaya svIkAra kiyA hai| prAcArya jinadAsa gaNI mahattara ke zabdoM meM "tapa vaha hai jo aSTa prakAra kI karma granthiyoM ko tapAtA hai, unheM bhasma karatA hai|98 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne tapa kA phala vyudAna batAyA hai / 99 vyudAna kA artha saMcita karma-mala ko sApha kara denA hai| eka prAcArya ne tapa kA artha icchAoM ko rokanA kiyA hai| prAcArya hemacandra ne kahA hai-jaise sadoSa svarNa, pradIpta agni dvArA zuddha hotA hai, vaise hI prAtmA tapa agni se vizuddha hotA hai| bAhya aura prAbhyantara tapasyAgni ke prajvalita hone para yamI durjara karmoM ko tatkSaNa bhasma kara detA hai / 01 67. sadupAyaH pravRttAnAmupeyamadhuratvataH / jJAninAM nityamAnandavRddhi reva tapasvinAm / / -jJAnasAra, tapASTaka 68. tavo NAma tAvayati aDhavihaM, kammagaMThi nAsetitti vuttaM bhavai / -vazavakAlika, jinadAsa cUNi pR0 15 66. taveNaM bhaMte jIve ki jaNayai ? taveNaM vodANaM jaNayai / / -uttarAdhyayana a026|27 (kha) tave vodANaphale / -bhagavatI,zataka 2 / udde0 5 100. icchAnirundhanam tapaH / sadoSarmApa dIptena, suvarNa vahninA yathA, tapo'gninA tapyamAnastathA jIvo vizudhyati / dIpyamAne tapovahnau, bAhya cAbhyantare'pi ca, yamI jarati karmANi, durjarANyapi tatkSaNAt / -navatattvasAhitya saMgrahaH zrI hemacandra sUriracita saptatattva prakaraNa gA0 126 / 132

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166 dharma aura darzana uttarAdhyayana meM batAyA hai 'koTi bhavoM ke saMcita karma tapa dvArA jIrNa hokara naSTa ho jAte haiM / 102 prAcArya zrI zayyaMbhava ne tapa ke dhyeya para prakAza DAlate hue batAyA- (1) ihalokasaMbaMdhI lAbha ke nimitta tapa nahIM karanA cAhie (2) paraloka saMbaMdhI abhyudaya ke nimitta tapa nahIM karanA cAhie (3) kIti, varNa, [loka-vyApI yaza], zabda [lokaprasiddhi] aura zloka [sthAnIya prazaMsA] ke lie tapa nahIM karanA caahie| nirjarA ke atirikta anya kisI bhI uddezya se tapa nahIM karanA caahie|103 prAcArya akalaMka deva kahate haiM ---jaise kisAna ko khetI se abhISTa dhAnya ke sAtha-sAtha payAla bhI milatA hai, usI taraha tapa-kriyA kA pradhAna prayojana karmakSaya hI hai / abhyudaya kI prApti to payAla kI taraha AnuSaMgika hai / 104 tapa svarUpataH eka hai, kintu tapasvI kI bhAvanA ke bheda ke kAraNa use sakAma aura niSkAma, ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiN| lokeSaraNA yA laukika Rddhi-siddhi ke uddezya se kiyA jAne vAlA tapa sakAma tapa kahalAtA hai aura Atma-utthAna ke lie yA karma nirjarA ke artha jo tapa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha niSkAma tapa hai| 102. bhavakoDi saMciyaM kammaM tavasA nijarijjai / / -- uttarA0 3016 103. caunvihA khalu tavasamAhI bhavai taMjahA (1) no ihalogaTThayAe tavamahiTThajjA (2) no paralogaTThayAe tavamahiTThajjA (3) no kittivaNNasaddasilogaTThayAe tavamahiThThajA / (4) nannattha nijjaraTThayAe tavamahiThThajjA / -dazavakAlika a0 6|u0 4 / 4 104. guNapradhAnaphalopapattarvA kRSIvalavat / athavA, yathA kRSIvalasya kRSikriyAyAH palAlazasyaphalaguNapradhAnaphalAbhisambandhaH tathA munerapi tapaskriyAyAM pradhAnopasarjanAbhyudayaniHzreyasaphalAbhisambandho'bhisandhivazAdvaditavyaH / - tatvArthasUtra 6 / 3, rAjavArtika 5

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zramaNa saMskRti aura tapa 167 106 Agama sAhitya kA adhyayana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki laukika kAmanA se tapa karane vAloM ko laukika- siddhiyA~ bhI upalabdha huI haiM / jambUdvIpa prajJapti meM cakravartI samrAT bharata kA varNana hai / unhoMne samagra SaTkhaNDa bhAratavarSa ko prazAsanika dRSTi se eka sUtra meM grathita karane ke lie, sAtha hI prAdinAtha RSabha dvArA sthApita kalyANakArI maryAdAoM aura vyavasthAoM ko sarvatra lAgU karane ke lie jo virAT abhiyAna kiyA thA, usakI saphalatA ke lie teraha bAra aSTama tapa kI sAdhanA kI / 105 zrI kRSNavAsudeva apane laghubhrAtA gajasukumAra ko prApta karane ke lie tapa karate haiM / garbhavatI rAnI dhAraNI ke dohada ko pUrNa karane ke artha, devI sahAyatA prApta karane ke lie, abhayakumAra tapa karate haiM / tapa ke prabhAva se deva varSAkAla na hone para bhI varSA - kAla kA manohara dRzya upasthita karatA hai / ityAdi udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki tapa se laukika kAmanAe~ bhI pUrNa hotI haiM | para jaina saMskRti ne isa prakAra ke tapa ko prAdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI dRSTi se koI mahattva nahIM diyA hai| yahI nahIM, bhogoM kI lAlasA se kiye jAne vAle tapa ko mokSaprApti meM bAdhArUpa mAnA hai / dazAzra taskaMdha meM spaSTa nirdeza hai ki parabhava meM abhISTa vastu kI prApti ke hetu kiyA jAne vAlA tapa nidAna hai, jo sAdhanA ke lie zalya rUpa hai / 307 108 gAMdhI jI kahate haiM - tapa se jIvana nikharatA hai, mana ma~jatA hai aura kAyA kaMcanamaya hotI hai / 19 kAyA ke kaMcanamaya ho jAne kA 105. jambUdvIpa prajJapti, bharatacakravartI adhikAra | 106. antakRtadazAGga, tRtIya varga 107. jJAtRdharmakathAGga 1 / 16 108. dazAzra taskaMdha a0 10 nidAna varNana, (kha) sthAnAGga 3|182, (ga) samavAyAGga sama0 3 106. gAMdhI jI kI sUktiyA~ G

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dharma aura darzana Azaya yahI hai ki tapa se zuSka zarIra meM eka anUThA tapasteja damaka uThatA hai / tapa eka prakAra se zuddha kI huI rasAyana hai| kahA jAtA hai ki Aja ke vaijJAnikoM ne "vAyokemiSTa" auSadhiyoM kI zodha kI hai| unakA mantavya hai ki zarIra meM bAraha prakAra ke tattva hote haiN| una tattvoM meM se kisI bhI eka tattva kI nyUnatA hone se zarIra rugNa hotA hai / bAraha prakAra ke kSAra tattvoM se rogoM ko naSTa kara zarIra ko pUrNa svastha aura masta banAyA jA sakatA hai| tapa ke bhI jo bAraha prakAra haiM, ve "vAyo kemiSTa" auSadhiyoM ke samAna haiN| ina tapoM kA zarIra ke kisa tattva para kaisA prabhAva par3atA hai, yaha anusandhAna kA viSaya hai / tathApi nissandeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki inake AcaraNa se karma rUpI roga naSTa hote haiM aura prAtmA pUrNa svastha hotA hai| tapa zramaNa saMskRti kI AtmA hai| tapa aura zramaNa saMskRti ke dvata kI mAnyatA ko maiM mAnasa kI sikur3ana mAnatA huuN| tapa saMyama kI paudha kA phalanA, phUlanA hI zramaNa saMskRti kA vikAsa hai|

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ATha ahiMsA aura sarvodaya bhAratIya cintakoM ne jitanI gaharAI se ahiMsA ke sambandha meM cintana kiyA hai utanA vizva ke anya vicArakoM ne nhiiN| ahiMsA AtmA kA pAloka hai, jIvana kI pavitratA hai, mana kA mAdhurya hai, maitrI kA mUlamantra hai| sneha, sauhAdra aura sadbhAvanA kA sUtra hai| dharma, saMskRti, samAja kA prANa hai / sAdhanA kA patha hai| hiMsA zabda hananArthaka hiMsi dhAtu se banA hai / hiMsA kA artha hai"pramatta yoga se dUsaroM ke prANoM kA apaharaNa karanA'- duSprayukta mana, vacana yA kAyA ke yogoM se prANa vyaparopaNa krnaa| aura ahiMsA kA artha hai-prANAtipAta se virati / jaina sAhitya meM hiMsA ke lie prANAtipAta zabda kA prayoga huA hai| indriyA~, mana, vacana, kAyA, zvAsocchvAsa aura Ayu ye prANa hai| prANAtipAta kA artha hai prAraNI ke prAraNoM kA pratipAta karanA-jIva se prANoM kA pRthak krnaa| jIvoM ko samApta karanA 1. pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA / -tattvArtha sUtra 713 2. maNavayaNakAehi joehi duppauttahiM jaM pANavavarovaNaM kajjai sA hiNsaa| --dazavakAlika, jinadAsa cUNi pra0 adhya0 3. ahiMsA nAma paannaativaayvirtii| -dazavakAlika, jinadAsa cUNi pR0 15

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dharma aura darzana hI kevala pratipAta nahIM hai, kintu unako kisI bhI prakAra kA kaSTa denA bhI prAraNAtipAta hai / 170 1 ukta vyAkhyAnoM meM dayA aura karuNA kA payodhi uchAleM mAra rahA hai / sthUla se lekara sUkSma taka kisI bhI prANI ko mana, vacana aura kAyA se kaSTa na pahu~cAnA aura unake prati maitrI bhAva rakhanA hiMsA hai| hisA hameM " prAtmavat sarvabhUteSu' kA pATha par3hAtI hai / ahiMsA kA mahatva pratipAdita karate hue bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra ne hisA ko 'bhagavatI' kahA hai / " aura prAcArya samantabhadra ne ahiMsA ko 'parama brahma' kahA hai| mahAbhAratakAra vyAsa ne ahiMsA ko parama dharma, parama tapa, parama satya, parama saMyama, parama dAna, parama yajJa, parama phala, parama mitra aura parama sukha kahA hai|" (ka) 4 pANAtivAtA [ to ] ativAto hiMsaraNaM tato esA paMcamI apAdAraNe bhayahetulakkhaNA vA bhItArthAnAM bhayaheturiti / - dazavaM0 zragastya siMha cUrNi (kha) pANAivAo nAma iM diyA AuppANAdino chavviho pANA ya jesiM atthite pAgiNo bhaNAMti, tesiM pANANamaivAo tehi pAhi saha visaMjogakaraNatti vRttaM bhavai / - dazavekAlika, jinadAsa cUrNi pR0 146 teSAmatipAtaH prANAtipAtaH - jIvasya 5. (ga) prANA - indriyAdayaH mahAduHkhotpAdanaM, na tu jIvAtipAta eva / esA sA bhagavatI ahiMsA 6. ahiMsA bhUtAnAM jagati viditaM brahma paramam / 7. ahiMsA paramo dharmastathA'hiMsA paraM tapaH / ahiMsA paramaM satyaM yato dharmaH pravartate // ahiMsA paramo dharmaMstathA'hiMsA paro damaH / ahiMsA paramaM dAnamahiMsA paramaM tapaH // - dazavaikAlika, hAribhadrIyAvRtti pa0 144 --praznavyAkaraNa - bRhat svayaMbhU strotra

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ahiMsA aura sarvodaya 10 Agama sAhitya kA paryavekSaNa karane para jJAta hotA hai ki mahAvratoM kI trividha paramparA rahI hai / AcArAMga meM ahiMsA, satya aura bahirdhAdAna ina tIna kA ullekha hai', sthAnAGga' uttarAdhyayana' prabhRti meM hiMsA, satya, pracIrya aura bahirddhAdAna" ina cAra yAma [mahAvratoM] kA ullekha hai / uttarAdhyana 12 dazavaikAlika 3 yadi AgamoM meM aneka sthAnoM para ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina pA~ca mahAvratoM kA varNana hai / .93 sthAnAGga prAdi ke anusAra bhagavAn zrI RSabhadeva ne tathA bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra ne pAMca mahAvratAtmaka dharma kA prarUpaNa 8. e, 10. 11. ahiMsA paramo yajJastathA'hiMsA paraM phalam | ahiMsA paramaM mitramahiMsA paramaM sukham // - mahAbhArata, anuzAsana vavaM 115 - 23 | 116 / 28-26 jAmA tiNi udAhiyA / sthAnAGga 266 ujjAmo a jo dhammo, jo imo paMca desio vaddhamANeNaM, pAseNa ca 12. ahiMsa saccaM ca ateNagaM ca, - uttarA0 23 / 23 'bahidvAdANAoM' tti bahiddhA - maithunaM parigrahavizeSaH AdAnaM ca parigrahastayodvandva katvamatha vA AdIyate ityAdAnaM parigrAhya vastu, tacca dharmopakaraNamapi bhavatItyata zrAha - bahistAt dharmopakaraNAd bahiriti / iha ca maithunaM parigrahe'ntarbhavati, na hyaparigRhItA yoSid bhujyata iti / -sthAnAGga vRtti 266 paDivajjiyA paMca mahavvayAI, - AcArAMga 7|1|400 sikkhao | mahAmunI // tato ya baMbhaM ca'pariggahaM ca / 13. dazavekAlika, a0 4 171 carijja dhammaM jiNadesiyaM viU / -- uttarAdhyayana, 21 22

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172 dharma aura darzana kiyA aura anya bAIsa tIrthaGkaroM ne cAturyAma dharma kA nirUpaNa kiyA / 14 para dhyAna dene yogya bAta yaha hai ki sarvatra ahiMsA ko prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai / hiMsA kI vizada vyApti meM hI satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha Adi vratoM kA samAveza hA jAtA hai / jahA~ hiMsA hai vahA~ pA~coM mahAvrata haiM / ' 15 jaina darzana ke manISI prAcAryoM ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki satya Adi jitane bhI vrata haiM ve sabhI ahiMsA kI surakSA ke lie haiM / 6 ahiMsA dhAna hai aura satya Adi usakI rakSA karane vAle bAr3e haiM / " hiMsA yadi pAnI hai to satya yadi usakI rakSA karane vAlI pAla haiM / " 18 14. 15. majjhigamA bAvIsaM arahaMtA bhagavaMtA cAujjAmaM dhammaM paNNaveMti, taM jahA savvAto pANAtivAyAo veramaNaM, evaM musAvAyAo veramaNaM, savvAto adinnAdAnAo veramaraNaM, savvAo bahiddhAdANAo veramaNaM / --sthAnAGgaH 266 ahiMsA - gahaNe paMca mahavvayANi gahiyANi bhavaMti / saMjamo puNa tIse ceva ahiMsAe uvaggahe vaTTai, saMpuSNAya ahiMsAya saMjamo vi tassa vaTTai | 16. ekkaM ciya ekkaM vayaM niddiTTha savehiM pANAivAyaviramaNa 17. - dazavekAlika cUrNi pra0 pra0 jiNavarehiM / savvasattassa rakkhaTThA / (kha) ahiMseSA matA mukhyA svarga- mokSa prasAdhanI / etatsaMrakSaNArtha ca nyAyyaM satyAdipAlanam / (ga) avasesA tassa rakkhaTThA / ahiMsAzasya saMrakSaNe vRttikalpatvAt 18. ahiMsApayasaH pAlibhUtAnyanyavratAni yat / satyAdivratanAm / - hAribhadrIyASTaka 16/5 -- paMcasaMgraha - hAribhadrIyASTaka 16/5 - yogazAstra prakAza - 2

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ahiMsA aura sarvodaya 173 yoga sAdhanA ke pATha sopAna haiN| unameM prathama sopAna kA prathama caraNa hai ahiMsA / 20 ahiMsA kI maMjila ko pUrI kiye binA yoga meM gati aura pragati nahIM ho sktii| ahiMsA kI sAdhanA se hI sneha, sauhArda aura prema kA samudra ThAThe mArane lagatA hai| yahA~ taka ki ahiMsaka ke sannikaTa pahu~cakara hiMsaka se hiMsaka kA bhI vaira vismRta ho jAtA hai / 21 yahI kAraNa hai ki tIrthaGkaroM ke samavasaraNa meM zera aura bakarI eka sthAna para baiThate haiN| devarSi nArada bhaktoM ko preraNA dete haiM ki bhagavAn ke caraNoM meM ahiMsA, indriyanigraha, dayA, kSamA, zAnti, tapa, dhyAna aura satya ye ATha prakAra ke puSpa arpita kro| inameM bhI sarvaprathama puSpa ahiMsA hai / 22 jisa prakAra hAthI ke paira meM saba prANiyoM ke paira samA jAte haiM, usI prakAra ahiMsA meM saba dharmoM ke artha va tattva samA jAte haiN| aisA jAnakara samajhakara jo ahiMsA kA pratipAlana karate haiM ve nitya amRta-mokSa meM vAsa karate haiM / 23 16. yamaniyamAsanaprANAyAmapratyAhAradhAraNAdhyAnasamAdhayo'STAvaMgAni / -pataMjali, yogadarzana 2 / 26 20. ahiMsAsatyAsteyabrahmacaryAparigrahA yamAH / / -pataMjali, yogadarzana 2030 21. ahiMsA pratiSThAyAM tatsaMnidhau vairatyAgaH / 22. ahiMsA prathamaM puSpaM, puSpaM indriyanigrahaH / sarvabhUtadayA puSpaM, kSamA puSpaM vizeSataH / zAntiH puSpaM tapaH puSpaM dhyAnapuSpaM tathaiva ca / satyaM aSTavidhaM puSpaM viSNoH prItikaraM bhavet / ---padmapurANa 23. yathA nAgapade'nyAni padAni padagAminAm / sarvANyevApi dhAryante padajAtAni kaure // evaM sarvahiMsAyAM dharmArthamapi dhIyate / amRtaH sa nityaM vasati yo'hiMsA pratipadyate // -mahAbhArata 12 / 237 / 18 / 16

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dharma aura darzana abhiprAya yaha hai ki sabhI dharmoM ne, panthoM ne, santoM aura maharSiyoM ne eka svara se grahisA ke mahatva ko svIkAra kiyA hai | 24 hiMsA dharma, saMskRti, samAja aura rASTra ke yogakSema kA mUlAdhAra hai / ahiMsA ke abhAva meM dharma, saMskRti, samAja aura rASTra kA koI bhI mUlya nahIM hai / 174 hiMsA eka amRtakalaza ke samAna hai, jisakA svAda sabhI ke lie madhura hai, madhuratama hai / hiMsA aura sarvodaya kA ghaniSTha sambandha hai / grahiMsA hI sarvodaya kI janmabhUmi hai / jo ahiMsaka hai usake virATa hRdaya meM hI sabake udaya, sabake utkarSa, sabake vikAsa aura sabake kalyANa kI maMgalamaya bhAvanA udbuddha hotI hai / sabake jIvanotthAna kI prazasta bhAvanA ko prAcIna bhAratIya manISiyoM ne ahiMsaka bhAvanA kahA hai / use hI Aja ke cintakoM ne sarvodaya kahA hai / yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki mahAtmA gAndhI sarvodaya ke upadeSTA the, para sarvodaya zabda ke sraSTA nahIM the / sarvodaya zabda kA prayoga jainAcArya samantabhadra ne bahuta hI pahale kiyA hai / unhoMne tIrthaGkara ke zAsana ko sarvodaya tIrtha kahA hai / 25 tIrthaGkara kA zAsana eka aisA viziSTa aura vilakSaNa zAsana hai jisameM prANImAtra kA utkarSa hai, sabhI kA vikAsa hai / sabhI kA udaya hotA hai / vaha samasta ApadAoM kA antakara hai| sarvodaya bhAratIya cintana kA mUlasvara hai / "saba sukhI raheM, saba svastha raheM, saba kalyANabhAgI baneM, koI kabhI duHkhI na ho / 26 "saba parama dharmaM zrutividita ahiMsA | 24. 25. sarvApadAmantakaraM niraMtaM, sarvodayaM tIthamidaM tavaiva / , 26. sarve bhavantu sukhinaH sarve santu nirAmayAH, sarve bhadrANi pazyantu mA kazcid duHkhabhAgbhavet / - saMta tulasIdAsa - samantabhadra

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ahiMsA aura sarvodaya jIva mujhe kSamA kareM, maiM bhI sabako kSamA karatA hU~, sabake sAtha merI mitratA hai, kisI para bhI merA vaira bhAva nahIM hai saMsAra kA kalyANa ho, prANI eka dUsare ke hita meM hamAre samagra doSa naSTa hoM, sarvatra jIva sukhI raheM / 28 vizvAtmavAda sarvodaya kA prAdarza hai aura samanvaya usakI nIti hai / vizvAtmavAda ke dvArA vaha mAnavanirmita samasta viSamatAoM ko samatA meM parivartita karanA cAhatA hai| eka vyakti sukha ke sAgara para tairatA rahe aura dUsarA vyakti duHkha kI bhaTTI meM jhulasatA rahe, yaha anucita hai / varNavyavasthA samAjakRta hai, yaha kRtrima hai, svAbhAvika nahIM, ataH sarvodaya sabhI vargoM kA utkarSa cAhatA hai / para - utkarSa meM hI sva-utkarSaM nihAratA hai / sarvodaya kI niSThA rAjanIti meM nahIM, lokanIti meM hai, zAsana meM nahIM, anuzAsana meM hai adhikAra meM nahIM, kartavya meM hai / viSamatA meM nahIM, samatA meM hai / bheda meM nahIM, prabheda meM haiM, anekatva meM nahIM ekatva meM hai / 27. jahA~ hiMsA hai, maMtrI hai, karuNA hai, dayA hai, sneha hai, sauhArda hai, sadbhAvanA hai, vahIM sarvodaya hai aura jahA~ sarvodaya hai bahIM zAnti hai, sukha hai / 28. khAmemi savve jIvA, savve jIvA khamantu me I mittI me savvabhUesu, veraM majjha N na keNai || zivamastu doSAH sarvajagataH parahita niratA bhavantu bhUtagaNAH / prayAntu nAzaM -zrAvazyaka sUtra 175 / 27 "sampUrNa sadA rata raheM, sarvatra sukhI bhavatu lokaH /

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sevA : eka vizleSaNA bhAratavarSa kA cintana mAnava ko sadA se yaha saMdeza pradAna kara kara rahA hai ki sevA jIvana hai, sevA parama tapa hai, ' sevA pradhAna dharma hai / sevA se bar3hakara koI dharma nahIM, tapa nahIM / 'sevA' yaha do akSaroM kA laghu zabda apane Apa meM eka virAT artha- garimA ko saMjoye hue haiM / AAja sevA ke artha meM sahayoga zabda vyavahRta hotA hai kintu sahayoga aura sevA meM bahuta bar3A antara hai / sahayoga vinimaya kI bhAvanA rahatI hai / sevA meM samarpaNa hotA hai, sahayoga meM alagAva kA bhAva nihita hai / sahayoga ke antastala ahaMkAra ho sakatA hai, jaba ki sevA meM namratA ke atirikta anya koI bhAvanA nahIM hotI / vaha viveka para Azrita hai ataH sevA ke artha meM sahayoga zabda kA prayoga karanA, sevA kI 'mahAn arthasampadA ko kama karanA hai / 1, 2. pAyacchittaM viNao, veyAvaccaM taheva sajjhAbo, bhANaM ca viusaggo, eso avbhintaro tabo / - uttarAdhyayana, 30, gA0 30 (kha) aupapAtika tapodhikAra / (ga) prAyazcittavinayavaiyAvRttyasvAdhyAyabhyutsagaMdhyAnAnyuttaram / -- tattvArtha sUtra, pradhyAya 6, sU0 20 There is No greater religion than Seruice.

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sevA : eka vizleSaNa 177 jainAgamoM meM sevA ke artha meM veyAvaDiyaM' aura 'veyAvacca'4 ye do zabda prayukta hue haiM, jinakA saMskRta rUpa kramazaH vayApRtya aura vayAvRtya hai| vaiyAvRtya kA artha hai-jisa vyakti ko jisa prakAra 3, (ka) veyAvaDiyaM kareha / (kha) veyAvaDiyaM kareMti / -bhagavatI, zataka 5; uddezA 4 sU0 187 (ga) eyAI tIse vayaNAI soccA, pattIi bhaddAi subhaasiyaaii| isissa veyAvaDiyaTThayAe, jakkhA kumAre viNivArayanti / / -uttarAdhyayana pra0 12, gA024 (gha) pubviM ca iNDiM ca aNAgayaM ca, maNappadoso na me asthi koI / jakkhA hu veyAvaDiyaM karenti, tamhA hu ee nihayA kumArA / -uttarAdhyayana,12132 (Ga) gihiNo veyAvaDiyaM / -dazavakAlika, pra0 3, gA0 6 (ca) gihiNo veyAvaDiyaM na kujjaa| -dazavakAlika dUsarI cUlikA, gA0 6 4. (ka) veyAvaccaM taheva sajjhAo / -uttarAdhyayana pra0 3030 (kha) uttarAdhyayana a0 26-43 (ga) veyAvacca vAvaDabhAvo iha dhammasAhaNaNimitta, aNNAiyANa vihiNo saMpAyaNamesa bhAvattho / -sthAnAGga 53 // 511 / TI0pa0 346 (gha) bhagavatI 257 / pR0 280 (Ga) aupapAtika sUtra 301 pR0 26

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178 dharma aura darzana kI AvazyakatA ho usa kA usI prakAra ucita satkAra karanA / zramaNoM ko zuddha AhAra Adi se sahArA phNcaanaa|' athavA 'dravya' aura bhAva se apanA svayaM kA tathA para kA upakAra krnaa| saMyamI kI ApattiyoM ko dUra kara saMyama meM apanA anurAga krnaa| 5. AsevaNaM jahAthAmaM, veyAvaccaM tamAhiyaM / -uttarAdhyayana a0 30 / 33 6. (ka) vyAvRttasya bhAvaH karma vA vaiyAvRtyaM bhaktAdibhirupaSTambhaH / -sthAnAGga 3 / 3 / 188 TI0 50 145 (kha) vyAvRttabhAvo vaiyAvRtyaM dharma sAdhanArtha annAdi-dAnamityarthaH / -sthAnAGga 5 // 3 // 511 To0 pa0 346 (ga) 'veAvacce' tti vaiyAvRttyaM bhaktapAnAdibhirupaSTambhaH / -propapAtika TI0 pR0 81 (gha) bhagavatI 257 pR0 280 (Ga) vyAvRttabhAvo vaiyAvRtyam ucita AhArAdisampAdanam / - uttarAdhyayana 30 // 33 / vRhavRtti 50 608 (ca) vaiyAvaccaM vAvaDabhAvo, taha dhammasAhaNanimittaM / annAiyANa vihiNA, sampAyaNamesa bhAvattho / / -uttarAdhyayana 30 // 33 ko nemicandra TIkA (cha) vyAvRttabhAvo vaiyAvRtyaM / ' -Avazyaka hAribhadrIyAvRtti pa0 116 (ja) vyAvRttasya bhAvo vaiyAvRttyaM, sAdhUnAM, mumukSUNAM prAsukAhAro padhizayyAstathA bheSajavizrAmaNAdiSu pUrvatra ca vyAvRttasya manovAkkAyaH zuddhaH pariNAmo vaiyAvRttyamucyate / -tattvArthabhASya, siddhasena TIkA 7. davveNa bhAveNa vA, jaM appaNo parassa vA, uvakArakaraNaM taM savvaM veyAvaccaM // __-nizotha cUNi 4 / 375 8. vyApattivyapanodaH padayoH saMvAhanaM ca guNarAgAt / vaiyAvRtyaM yAvAnupagraho'nyopi saMyaminAm / -ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 112

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sevA : eka vizleSaNa vaiyAvRtya ke dasa prakAra haiM-(1) prAcArya, (2) upAdhyAya, (3) zaikSa, (4) glAna. (5) tapasvI, (6) sthavira, (7) sArmika, (8) kula (6) gaNa aura (10) saMgha kI vaiyAvRtya krnaa| prAcArya, upAdhyAya, sthavira prabhRti ke prati hArdika zraddhA rakhanA, unakI prAjJA ke anukUla pravRtti karanA. sevA hai / tapasvI ko tapa meM sahayoga pradAna karanA aura nava dIkSita zramaNa ko zrAmaNya dharma ke vidhAnoM se paricita karAnA, va sahadhArmikoM ko dharma patha para agrasara karanA, unakI jIvana vidhi ke pratyeka caraNa meM sahAyatA denA / kula, gaNa, saMgha ke utkarSa ke lie satata sannaddha rahanA, rugNa vyaktiyoM ko roga ke upAdAnoM se paricita karAnA tathA auSadhopacAra se svastha 6. veyAvacce dasavihe paNNatte taM jahA-Avariya veAvacce, uvajjhAyaveAbacce, sehaveAvacce, gilANavegAvacce, tavassiveAvacce theraveAvacce, sAhammiaveAvacce, kulaveAvacce, gaNaveAvacce, sNghveaavcce| -bhagavatI zataka 25, udda0 7 sU0 802 (kha) veAvaccaratibahule, veyAvacca dasavihaM taM jahA AyariyauvajbhAte, thera-tavassI-gilANa-sehANaM / sAhammiya-kula-gaNa, saMghasaMgayaM tamiyaM kAyavvaM / / 1 / / - prAvazyaka cUNi, jinadAsa pR0 134 (ga) Avazyaka hAribhadrIyAvRtti pa0 116 (gha) Avazyaka malayagiri vRtti / (Ga) prAcAryopAdhyAya tapasvizakSaglAnagaNakulasaMghasAdhumanojJAnAm / -tattvArtha sUtra, a0 6 sU0 24 (ca) navatatva prakaraNa sArthaH pR0 126 (cha) navatatvaprakaraNa, sumaMgalA TIkA-patra 112-1 (ja) aupapAtika sUtra / (jha) sthAnAMga / (a) Ayariya uvajjhAe, thera tavassI gilANa sehANaM / sAhammiya kula-gaNa, saMghasaMgayaM tamiha kAyavvaM / / -utta0 30133 nemicandrIya TIkA

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180 dharma aura darzana karanA sevA hai / inakI sevA karane vAlA zramaNa nirgantha mahAnirjarA aura mahAparyavasAna karatA hai|" pUrvokta dasa meM se pratyeka kI teraha prakAra se vaiyAvRtya kI jA sakatI hai| ataeva vaiyAvatya ke 130 bheda hote haiN| bhASyakAra" va cUrNikAra ne usake teraha prakAra yoM batalAe haiM-(1) bhakta, (2) pAna (3) zayyA, (4) saMstAraka-pAsanAdi pradAna karanA, (5) kSetra kA pratilekhana karanA, (6) pairoM kA mArjana karanA, (7) glAna-rugNAvasthA meM auSadha kA lAbha denA, (8) mArga meM thakAvaTa Adi hone para usakA nivAraNa karanA, (6) rAjAdi ke kopa bhAjana banane para nistAra karanA, (10) zarIra, upadhi Adi kA saMrakSaNa karanA, (11) aticAra vizuddhi ke lie prAyazcitta lenA 11, glAna ko samAdhi utpanna karanA, (13) tathA uccAraprasravaraNa Adi ke pAtroM kI vyavasthA karanA / ye sabhI sevA ke vibhinna prakAra haiN| 10. paMcahi ThANehi samaNe nigganthe mahAnijjarae, mahApajjavasANe bhavai, taM jahA-agilAe Ayariya veyAvacca karemANe, evaM uvajjhAya veyAvacca, theraveyAvacca tavassiveyAvacca, gilANaveyAvacca kremaanne| ___ paMcahi ThANehiM samaNe niggaMthe mahAnijjare mahApajjavasANe bhavai taM jahA- agilAe sehaveyAvaccaMkaremAraNe, agilAe kulaveyAvacca kAremANe, agilAe saMghaveyAvacca karemANe, agilAe sAhamiya veyAvacca karemANe / - sthAnAMga 5, sU0 13 |u0 1 11. bhatte pANe sayaNAsaNe ya paDileha pAyamacchimaddhANe, rAyA teNe daNDa-gahe ya gelaNNa matte ya / -vyavahAra bhASya 12. taM ekkekkaM terasavihaM taM jahA (1) bhatte, (2) pANe, (3) AsaNa, (4) paDilehA, (5) pAda, (6) acchi, (7) bhesajja, (8) addhANa, (9) dRTTha. (10) teNe, (11) daMDaga, (12) gelanna (13) mannaMti, - Avazyaka cUNi, jinadAsa, pR0 134

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sevA : eka vizleSaNa 181 bhagavatI sUtra meM mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika dRSTi se sevA ke tIna bheda kiye gae haiM / sva-sevA, para-sevA, aura svapara sevA ke rUpa meM sevA ke tIna prakAra aura bhI hai|+ sevA kA artha AjJA kA pAlana bhI hai| jaba vyakti AjJA kI ArAdhanA karatA hai taba vaha apano sevA karatA hai / Atma guraNoM kA vikAsa karanA svayaM kI sevA karanA hai| dUsare ke prAtma guNoM ke vikAsa meM sahAyatA karanA tathA unheM samAdhi pradAna karanA para sevA hai| svayaM ke sadguragoM kA vikAsa kara mAnasika samAdhi prApta karanA aura dUsaroM ko samAdhi denA yaha svapara-sevA hai| vaiyAvRtya jaina zramaNa kI sAdhanA kA pramukhatama aMga rahA hai| svAdhyAya bhI usakI sAdhanA kA aGga hai, para svAdhyAya se bhI vaiyAvRtya ko pramukhatApradAna kI gaI hai| ziSya prabhAta ke puNya paloM meM sarvaprathama vastra pAtrAdi kA pratilekhana karatA hai aura usake pazcAt guru ke caraNAravindoM meM praNipAtakara namra nivedana karatA hai -- gurudeva! aba mujhe kyA karanA cAhie ? grApa cAheM to mujhe vayAvRtya meM saMlagna kara dIjiye yA svAdhyAya meM / guru, ziSya ko yadi vaiyAvRtya meM niyukta kara dete haiM to vaha glAnibhAva kA parityAga kara sevA karatA hai| 14 / jaina saMskRti kA zramaraNa zarIra ke prati mamatvabhAva se prerita hokara AhAra nahIM krtaa| zarIra kA pAlana-poSaNa karanA usakA 13. tivihAe pajjuvAsaNAe pajjuvAsaMti evaM vadAsI / -bhagavatI, zataka, 2 udeza, 5 + (kha) sthAnAGga, ThA0 3,sU 0 188 / 14. pubvillaMmi caubhAge, Aiccami smutttthie| bhaMDayaM paDilehittA, vaMdittA ya tao guru|| pucchijjA paMjaliuDo, kiM kAyavvaM bhae ihaM / icchaM nioigraM bhaMte, veyAvacce va sajjhAe / veyAvacce niutteNaM, kaayvvmgilaayo| -uttarAdhyayana a0 26 gA0 8 / 10

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adarlindirtistirremarLA.. 182 dharma aura darzana lakSya nahIM hai / vaha chaha kAraNoM se AhAra grahaNa karatA hai, unameM dvitIya kAraNa vaiyAvatya hai| vaiyAvRtya karane ke pavitra uddezya se vaha AhAra-grahaNa karatA hai kyoMki AhAra ke abhAva meM zarIra vaiyAvRtya karane meM asamartha ho jAtA hai| sevA karane vAloM ke lie AgamasAhitya meM vizeSa vidhAna kiye gaye haiN| ____kalpasUtra ke samAcArI prakaraNa meM eka vidhAna hai ki varSAvAsasthita zramaNa ko gRhastha ke ghara para eka bAra jAnA kalpatA hai / punaH punaH gRhastha ke ghara jAnA nahIM klaataa| kintu prAcArya, upAdhyAya, tapasvI, bAlaka, rugNa aAdi zramaNoM kI sevA kA prasaMga upasthita hone para sevAniSTha muni ko anekavAra gRhastha ke yahA~ bhikSA ke lie jAnA kalpatA hai / 16 zramaNa saMskRti ke zramaNoM ke lie prAcArAMga", bRhatkalpa aura 15. veyaNa veyAvacce, iriyaTThAe saMjamaTThAe / taha pANavattiyAe, chaTTha puNa dhammacintAe / -uttarAdhyayana 263 16. vAsAvAsaM pajjosaviyANa niccabhattiyassa bhikkhussa kappai egaM goyarakAlaM gAhAvaikulaM bhattAe vA pANAe vA nikkhamittae vA pavesittae vA, na 'nnatya AyariyaveyAvacceNa vA uvajjhAyaveyAvacceNa, tavassigilANave0 khuDaeNaM vA avaMjaNajAyaeNaM / -kalpasUtra sU0 240 pR0 71 puNyavijaya jo sampAdita abbhugate khalu vAsAvAse abhipavu? bahave pANA bahubIyA saMbhUyA bahave bIyA aragunbhinnA aMtarA se maggA bahupANA, bahubIyA, jAva sasaMtANagA aNokkaMtA paMthA No viNNAyA maggA sevaM NaccA No gAmANugAmaM duijjejjA tao saMjayAmeva vAsAvAsaM uvalliejjA / --prAcArAMga 18. no kappai niggaMthANaM niggaMthINaM vA vAsAvAsAsu carittae / -bRhatkalpa udde0 1, sU0 36-37

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sevA : eka vizleSaNa nizItha Adi Agama sAhitya meM yaha spaSTa vidhAna hai ki vaha varSAvAsa meM jIvoM kI dayA ke lie, rakSA ke lie, eka sthAna para sthira hokara saMyama sAdhanA kare / varSARtu meM grAmAnugrAma vihAra na karake pavana rahita sthAna meM rhe| Agamika bhASA meM use pratisaMlInatA tapa kahA hai- 'vAsAsa paDisalINA / "20 zramaNa prastuta vidhAna kA ullaMghana kara yadi grAmAnugrAma vihAra karatA hai to use cAturmAsika prAyazcitta pAtA hai|21 __ sthAnAGga sUtra meM upayukta vidhAna se bhinna dvitIya vidhAna yaha hai ki zramaNa varSAvAsa meM bhI pA~ca kAraNoM se vihAra kara sakatA hai| usameM eka kAraNa AcArya upAdhyAya prabhRti kI sevA hai| prAcArya upAdhyAyAdi kA anyatra varSAvAsa hai| unheM sevA ke lie AvazyakatA hai to zramaNa vihAra kara unakA sevA ke lie jA sakatA hai, yA ve jahA~ Adeza deM, sevA ke lie, vahA~ jA sakatA hai / 22 sevA ke lie 16. nizItha sUtra, uddezA 2, sU0 41 / 20. (ka) sadA iMdiyanoidiyaparisamallINA viseseNa siNehasaMghaTTa pariharaNatthaM NivAtalataNagatA vAsAsu paDisaMloNA no gAmAraNugAmaM dUtijjati / -- dazavakAlika agasyasiMha cUNi (kha) vAsAsu paDisaMlINA nAma AzrayasthitA ityarthaH, tavavisesesu ujjamaMti no gAmanagarAisu viharaMti / -dazavakAlika jinadAsa cUNi pR0 116 (ga) varSAkAleSu saMlonA, saMlInA ityekAzramasthA bhavanti / - dazavaivAlika hAribhadrIyA vRtti 10 116 21. je bhikkhu paDhamapAusaMsi gAmAraNugAmaM dUijjai dUijjataM vA sAijjai / -nizIya uddhe 2, sU0 41 22. kappai paMcahi ThANehiM NiggaMthANaM NiggaMthINaM vA paDhamapAusaMsi gAmANugAmaM dUijjattae taMjahA NANaTThayAe, daMsaNaTThayAe, carittadvayAe, Ayariya uvajjhAyAraNaM vA se vIsubhejjA, Ayariya uvajjhAyAraNaM vA bahiyA veyAvacca karaNayAe / -sthAnAGga 5, sthAna

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184 dharma aura darzana yadi zramaNa varSAvAsa meM vihAra karatA hai to use prAyazcitta nahIM AtA / hA~, sevA kA prasaMga samupasthita hone para bhI yadi vaha vihAra nahIM karatA hai to prAyazcitta kA bhAgI hai| kitanA gaharA hai sevA kA mahattva / zrAcArya jinasena ne to sevA ko tapa kA hRdaya mAnA hai parihAra vizuddha cAritra ko ArAdhanA aura sAdhanA bhI binA vaiyAvRtya ke saMbhava nahIM hai / Agama sAhitya meM parihAra vizuddha cAritra kI vidhi isa prakAra hai- " nau pUrvI taka yA dazaveM pUrva kI tRtIya AcAra vastu taka adhyayana karane vAle nau sAdhu, gradhyayana ke pazcAt tIrthaGkara yA jinhoMne tIrthaGkara ke sAnnidhya meM parihAravizuddha cAritra kI sAdhanA kI hai una viziSTa sAdhakoM ke sAnnidhya meM parihAra vizuddha cAritra ko svIkAra karate haiN| una nau zramaNoM meM se prathama cAra zramaNa yadi uSNa kAla huA, to utkRSTa aSTama bhakta kI ArAdhanA karate haiM / yadi zIta kAla huA to jaghanya SaSTa bhakta, madhyama aSTama bhakta aura utkRSTa dazama bhakta kI prArAdhanA karate haiM / yadi varSA kAla huA to jaghanya aSTama bhakta, madhyama dazama bhakta, aura utkRSTa dvAdaza bhakta kI tapazcaryA karate haiM / avazeSa pAMca zramaNoM meM se eka zramaNa pravacana karatA hai aura cAra zramaNa pA~coM kI sevA karate haiM / tapa karane vAle zramaraNa pArihArika kahalAte haiM aura vaiyAvRtya karane vAle anupArihArika kahalAte haiM / 24 pravacana karane vAlA sAdhu, jo 23. sa vaiyAvRtyamAtene vratastheSvA mayAdiSu / anAtmatarako bhUtvA tapaso hRdayaM hi tat // 24. sekitaM parihAravizuddhiya caritAriyA ? parihAra vizuddhi caritAriyA duvihA paNNattA taM jahA - nivvissamAga parihAra visuddhiya caritAriyA / nimbikAiyaparihAravisuddhiyacaritAriyA ya / settaM parihAra visuddhiya caritAriyA / taM duvigappaM nivvissamANaparihAriyA'NuparihAriyANa --- - mahApurANa 72 / 11 / 233 panavaNA pada 1 0 105 nivviTukAiyavaseNa / kapaTTiyassaviya //

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sevA : eka vizleSaNa 185 gurusthAnIya hotA hai, kalpasthita kahalAtA hai / prastuta krama chaha mAha taka calatA hai| usake pazcAt cAroM tapa karane vAle zramaNa vaiyAvRtya karate haiM, vaiyAvRtya karanevAle tapa tapate haiM / pravacana karane vAlA zramaNa pUrvavat hI pravacana karatA hai| chaha mAha pUrNa hone para pravacana karane vAlA tapa karatA hai aura ATha zramaNoM meM se eka pravacana karatA hai, zeSa sAtoM zramaNa sevA karate haiM / 25 chaha mAsa taka tapa kara cukane vAle niviSTa kAyika kahalAte haiM aura jo tapa kara rahe hoM ve nivizyamAnaka kahe jAte haiN| pAgama sAhitya meM. aneka sthaloM para kar3AI sthavira kA varNana hai| kaDAi sthavira sevA ke jIte jagAte sajaga praharI hote the / sevA karanA unake jIvana kA pramukha dhyeya hotA thaa| ve sevA kI prazasta bhAvanA se prerita hokara sathArA aura saMlekhanA karane vAle ke sAtha parvatAdi para jAte the| kahA jAtA hai ki jaba taka saMthArA karane vAle kA saMthArA parNa nahIM hotA thA taba taka ve svayaM bhI AhArAdi grahaNa nahIM karate the aura aglAna bhAva se usakI sevA karate the / 26 / / parihAro puNa parihAriyANa so gimha-sisira-vAsAsu / patta yativigappo cautthayAI tavo neo / / gimha-sisira-vAsAsu cautthayAINi baarstaaii| aDDhopakkatie jahaNNa majjhimukkosayatavAraNaM / / sesA u niyamabhattA pAyaM bhattaM ca tANamAyAma / hoi navaNhavi niyamA na kappae sesayaM savvaM // parihAriyA-'guparihAriyANa kappaTThiyassa vi ya bhtt| cha chammAsA u tavo aTThArasamAsio kappo / -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, prathama bhAga gA0 1271 se 1275 10 458-460 prakAzaka-zrAgamodayasamiti 25. pannavaNA sUtra, pR0 102-103 amolaka RSi jii|| 26. ......"tahAruvehi kaDAihiM therehi saddhi viulaM pavvayaM saNiyaM saNiyaM dUruhai dUruhittA....."taeNaM te therA bhagavaMto mehassa aNagArassa agilAe veyAviDayaM kareMti / - jJAtAsUtra, a0 1 sU0 46

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dharma aura darzana niyuktikAra ne zramaNoM ke lie vidhAna kiyA hai ki jaba zramaNa zArIrika dRSTi se sakSama ho jAya, bhikSA lene ke lie jAne meM samartha ho jAya to sarvaprathama usa sAdhaka kA karttavya hai ki glAna zramaNa kI mana lagAkara sevA kare | 27 186 niyuktikAra ne spaSTa kahA hai ki 'cararaNa kararaNa meM pramAda kA grAcararaNa karane vAle, saMyamIya sadbhAva se vimukha, pArzvasya, avasanna, kuzIla, nirgranthoM kI bhI kAraNa vazAt sevA kI jA sakatI hai, to phira vivekI jitendriya mana, vacana aura kAyA ko govana karane vAle udyatavihArI mokSAbhilASI kI to hara prayatna se sevA karanI hI cAhie / 28 vRddhoM kI sevA karane vAle puruSoM ko hI cAritra Adi sampadA prApta hotI hai aura krodhAdi kaSAyoM se kaluSita banA mana bhI nirmala ho jAtA hai| gaNadhara gautama ke prazna ke uttara meM bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra ne kahA - vaiyAvRtya se jIva tIrthaGkara nAma gotra kA baMdha karatA hai | 30 kevala jJAna to koI bhI viziSTa sAdhaka prApta kara sakatA hai, para tIrthaGkara banane ke lie lambI sAdhanA karanI par3atI hai / sAdhanA ke jitane bhI patha haiM una sabhI meM sevA kA patha sarvazreSTha hai / yadyapi sevA 27. 28. kujjA gilANagassa u paDhamAlia jAva bahigamaNaM / 30. 26. vRddhAnujIvinAmeva, jatA pAsatthosaNNa kusIlaniNhavagANaMpi desi caraNakaraNAlasAraNaM sambhAvaparaM muhA - zroghaniyukti, glAna dvAra karaNaM / ca // - proghaniyukti 48 syuzcAritrAdisampadaH / bhavatyapi ca nirlepa, manaH krodhAdikazmalam // - jJAnArNava pra0 15 zloka 16 veyAvacceNaM bhaMte ! jIve kiM jaNayaI ! arracce jIve titthayaranAmagottaM kammaM nibaMdhai | - uttarAdhyayana zra0 26 prazna0 43

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sevA : eka vizleSaNa 187 dharma parama gahana mAnA gayA hai, usa para calate samaya yogiyoM ke kadama bhI lar3akhar3A jAte haiM" kintu yaha vismaraNa nahIM honA cAhie ki sumanoM kI sumadhura saurabha vahIM prApta hotI hai / kahAvata bhI hai " kare sevA, pAve mevA / " anya sabhI guraNa pratipAtI haiM, ve mAnavajIvana ke prAnta taka hI sAtha rahate haiM, para vaiyAvRtya pratipAtI hai / vaha dUsare janma meM bhI sAtha rahatA hai / saMyama sAdhanA se bhraSTa hone para prathavA mRtyu prApta hone para cAritra kI cAru candrikA naSTa ho jAtI hai / svAdhyAya ke abhAva meM paThita zAstra bhI vismRti ke aMcala meM chipa jAte haiM kintu vaiyAvRtya se prApta zubha phala kabhI bhI naSTa nahIM hotA / vaha avazya hI prApta hotA hai mahAtmA buddha ne bhI kahA hai " eka tarapha mAnava sau varSoM taka jaMgala meM agni kI paricaryA kare aura dUsarI tarapha puNyAtmA kI kSaNabhara bhI sevA kare vaha sevA sau varSa taka kiye gaye yajJa se kahIM uttama hai | 33 sadA vRddha mahAnubhAvoM kI sevA karane vAle aura abhivAdanazIla puruSa kI prAyu, saundarya, sukha aura bala ye cAra vastue~ vRddhi ko prApta sevAdharmaH paramagahano yoginAmapyagamyaH / uttaraguNe savvaM kila paDivAI, veyAvaccaM paribhaggassa mayassa vA, nAsai caraNaM suyaM aguNagAe / na hu veyAvacca ciya, suhodayaM nAsae kammaM // 31. 32 veyAvaccaM niyayaM kareha, 33. dharitANaM / apaDivAI | yazca varSazataM janturagniM paricared vane / ekaM ca bhAvitAtmAnaM, muhUrtamapi pUjayet // tadidaM pUjanaM zreyo, na tu varSazataM hutam // paMcataMtra - viSNuzarmA - zroghaniyukti 5320533 - dhammapada ( saMskRta chAyA ) 107

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188 dharma aura darzana hotI hai|34 ataH pratyeka sAdhaka kA kartavya hai ki vaha zreSTha sadguNoM ke dhAraka mahApuruSoM kI nirantara sevA kre| hindI sAhitya ke eka santa kavi ne bhI bar3I sundaratA se kahA hai ki "santa kI sevA karane se paramAtmA bhI prasanna hotA hai|"37 sevA se hI jJAna kA akhaNDa prakAza prApta hotA hai / prAgamasAhitya kA manthana karane vAlA pratyeka jijJAsu yaha jAnatA hai ki gaNadhara gautama aura jambU Adi ne jo jJAna kI nirmala jyoti prApta kI thI, usake antastala meM unakI sevA hI pramukha thii| sevA se prApta jJAna zatazAkhI ke rUpa meM vistRta ho sakatA hai / glAna zramaNa kI sevA karanA svayaM bhagavAn kI sevA karane ke samAna hai| gautama mahAvIra se prazna karate haiM-bhagavan ! jo manuSya glAna kI sevA kara rahA hai vaha dhanya hai athavA jo manuSya darzana ke dvArA prApako svIkAra kara rahA hai vaha dhanya hai ? 34. abhivAdanasIlassa, niccaM vuDaDhApacAyino / cattAro dhammA vaDDhanti, Ayu vaNNo sukhaM balam // -dhammapada 106 (kha) abhivAdanazIlasya nityaM vRddhopasevina / catvAri tasya vardhante AyurvidyA yazo balam / - manusmRti, adhyAya 2 zloka 121 35. santana kI bhakti kiyA, prabhu rIjhata hai aap| jAMkA bAla khelAiye, tAMkA rIjhe bApa // (kha) jJAtAsUtra a0 1 sU0 3. (ga) bhagavatI za0 5, u0 4, sU0 5 36. je Ayariya uvajjhAyANaM sussUsA vayaNaM kre| tesi sikkhA pavaDDhAMti, jala-sittA iva pAyavA / / -dazavakAlika pra06-2 gA0 12

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sevA : eka vizleSaNa 186 uttara meM bhagavAn kahate haiM-gautama ! jo manuSya glAna kI sevA rahA hai vaha dhanya hai| gautama kI jijJAsA ne punaH vANI kA rUpa liyA "bhagavan ! Apa yaha kisa hetu se kaha rahe haiM ?" samAdhAna kI bhASA meM uttara milA-gautama ! jo glAna kI sevA kara rahA hai vaha merI sevA kara rahA hai, aura jo merI sevA kara rahA hai, vaha glAna kI sevA kara rahA hai| arihaMta kA darzana arihaMta kI AjJA kA pAlana karanA hai| arthAt arihaMta ke darzana kA sAra haiarihanta kI AjJA kA pAlana karanA / ataH he gautama ! maiMne aisA kahA ki jo manuSya glAna kI sevA kara rahA hai, vaha darzana se mujhe svIkAra kara rhaa| vahI merA saccA upAsaka hai / mahAtmA buddha ne bhI eka rugNa bhikSu ko darda se chaTapaTAte dekhakara Ananda Adi pradhAna zramaNoM ko sambodhitakara kahA thA-Ananda, sarva 37. kiM bhante ! je gilANaM paDiyarai se dhanna ? udAhu je tumaM dasaNeNa paDivajjai ? goyamA ! je gilANaM paDiyarai / -Avazyaka hAribhadrIya vRtti pR0 661 (kha) jo gilANaM paDiyarai so maM paDiyarai / ___ jo maM paDiyarai so gilANaM paDiyarai / / -propaniyukti, saTIka gA0 12 (ga) je gilANaM paDiyarai se dhaNNe (gha) uttarAdhyayana, sarvArtha siddhi, parISaha adhyayana, 38. se keNaTTaNaM bhante evaM vuccai ? / je gilANaM paDiyarai se maM daMsaNeNaM paDibajjai, je maM daMsaNeNa paDivajjai se gilAraNaM paDiyara itti ANAkaraNasAraM khu arahaMtANaM daMsaNaM, se teNaTheNaM goyamA ! evaM vuccai je gilANaM paDiyarai se maM paDivajjai je maM paDivajjai se gilAraNaM pddivjji| -prAvazyaka hAribhadrIyA vRtti pR0 661-62

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dharma aura darzana prathama rugNa bhikSutroM kI sevA kro| jinako merI sevA karanI ho ve pIr3itoM kI sevA kareM 38 160 eka pAzcAtya vicAraka ne bhI kahA hai- garIboM kI sevA Izvara kI sevA hai / " maryAdA puruSottama zrI rAma kI jijJAsA kA samAdhAna karate hue vaziSTha ne kahA- jisa kisI bhI taraha mana, vacana aura kAya se kisI kI sevA karanA IzvarapUjA hai / 41 bhagavAn kA eka nAma dInabandhu hai / unheM 'dInAnAtha " bhI kahate haiN| dIna aura rugNa kI sevA karanA sAkSAt jIvita bhagavAn kI sevA karanA hai / narasevA hI nArAyaNasevA hai / prazna hai ki jaba sevA kA itanA gaharA mahattva hai aura jaina sAhitya meM bhI sevA kA itanA ullekha hai to jaina saMskRti ke zramaraNa ko to niHsaMkoca bhAva se sabhI kI sevA karanI cAhie, cAhe vaha gRhastha ho yA zramaNa ho / uttara hai ki jaina saMskRti ke zramaNa kI apanI maryAdA hai| usakA apanA karmakSetra hai / maryAdA meM rahakara vaha gRhastha kI dravya sevA nahIM kintu bhAva sevA kara sakatA hai| bhAva sevA kA mahattva bhI kama nahIM hai | yadi zramaNa apane zramaraNa-dharma kI maryAdA ko bhUlakara gRhastha kI dravya sevA karatA hai to vaha zramaNa ke lie anAcAra hai / 42 36. 40. 41. 42. (kha) jo gilANaM paDiyarai se majbhaM jANeNaM daMsaNeNaM cariteAM paDivajjaha -- vRhatkalpa sUtra, laghubhASya (ga) uttarAdhyayana sarvArtha siddhi, paroSaha adhyayana (ba) ANArAiNaM daMsaraNaM khu jiNAraNaM, vinaya piTaka 8|7|| kA sArAMza, Service of poor is the service of GOD yena kena prakAreNa, yasya kasyApi dehinaH / saMtoSaM janayed rAma !, tadevezvarapUjanam // gihiNo veyAvaDiyaM, - dazabaikAlika zra0 3 gA0 6

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sevA : eka vizleSaNa 161 zramaNa kA kartavya hai ki saMyamazIla zramaNa kI sevA kare / glAna sAdha kI sevA karane se tIrtha kI anuvartanA hotI hai aura tIrthakara deva kI bhakti hotii|43 prAcArya kA bhI kartavya hai ki sahadharmI ke rogI hone para usakI yathA zakti sevA kare / 44 jo saMgha sevA-zuzra SA kI bhAvanA ko nahIM jAnatA hai, use prazraya nahIM detA hai, jisa saMgha ke prAcArya apane saMgha ke sadasyoM kI sukha duHkha nivAraNa kI vidhi nahIM jAnate, rogI kI cikitsA se anabhijJa haiM vaha saMgha chinna-bhinna hokara naSTa ho jAtA hai|45 saMghasamutkarSa ke lie apekSita hai ki saMgha kA pratyeka sadasya sevAniSTha ho / nandiSeNa 6 meghakumAra bAhu,48 aura subAhu muni (kha) gihiNo veyAvaDiyaM na kujjA / -dazavakAlika dUsarI cUlikA gA0 / (ga) 'gRhiNo' gRhasthasya vaiyAvRttyaM gRhibhAvopakArAya tatkarmasvAtmano vyAvRttabhAvaM na kuryAt, svaparobhayAzreyaH samAyojana doSAt / -dazavakAlika-hAribhadrIyA vRtti pa0 281 43. titthANusajjaNA khalu bhattI ya kayA havai evaM / -bRhatkalpasUtra, laghubhASya gA0 1878 44. sAhammiyassa gilAyamANassa ahAthAmaM beyAvacce anbhudvittA bhavaI / / -dazAzu taskaMdha, caturthadazA 45. uppaNroNa gelANe jo gaNadhArI na jANaI tegicchaM / dIsaM tato viNAso suha dukkhA teNa uccatA / / - vyavahAra bhASya 55128 46. uttarAdhyayana ttiikaa-kthaa| 47. ajjappabhiINaM bhaMte ! mama do acchIgi motturaNaM / avasese kAe samaNANaM niggaMthAlaM nisaTu / - jJAtRdharma kathA pra0 1 Avazyaka cUNi pR0 133 (kha) Avazyaka hAribhadrIyAvRtti pa0 216 (ga) triSaSThizalAkA puruSacaritra. 1316606, AcArya hemacandra kRta

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162 dharma aura darzana kI taraha saMgha ke pratyeka sadasya ke jIvana ke kaNa-kaNa meM sevA kI virATa bhAvanA aThakheliyA~ karatI rhe| sevA kA prasaMga upasthita hone para sacce senAnI kI taraha sadA tatpara rahe, bagaleM na jhA~ke / yadi vaha jhA~katA hai to prAyazcitta kA adhikArI hai| jo zramaNa zramaNa kI glAnatA sunakara bhI usakI upekSA karatA hai to use [savistAra] gurucAturmAsika prAyazcitta kA bhAgI honA par3atA hai|50 ___yadi koI samartha sAdhu bImAra sAdhu ko chor3akara anya kisI kArya meM laga jAya, bImAra kI sAra-saMbhAla na kare, to use guru caumAsI prAyaztti pAtA hai|51 rAste meM jAte hue, gA~va meM praveza karate hue athavA bhikSA ke lie paribhramaNa karate hue zramaNa ko yadi kisI muni kI glAnAvasthA kI sUcanA prApta ho to vaha Avazyaka kArya ko chor3akara usake pAsa sevA ke lie pahu~ce / yadi vaha nahIM pahu~catA hai to use guru cAturmAsika prAyazcitta AtA hai / 52 eka zramaNa vihAra kara jA rahA hai| use jisa sthAna para pahu~canA hai, vahA~ svagaccha kA athavA paragaccha kA zramaraNa glAna hai, vahA~ pahu~cane (gha) dekhie lekhaka kA 'RSabhadeva : eka parizIlana' grantha / 46. Avazyaka cUNi, pR0 133 (kha) Avazyaka niyukti malayagiri vRtti / (ga) Avazyaka hAribhadrIyAvRtti pR0 219 (gha) triSaSThi0 1111906 50. jo u uvehaM kujjA laggai gurue savitthAre / -vRhatkalpa sUtra bhASya 1875 51. je bhikkhU gilANaM socA NaccA na gavesai, na gavasaMtaM vA sAijjai........Avajjai caummAsiyaM parihAra ThANa aNugdhAiyaM / -nizItha 137 52. soUNa u gilANaM, paMthe gAme ya bhikkhavelAe / jai turiyaM nAgacchai, laggai garuya sa caumAse // -vahatkalpasUtra bhASya 1872

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sevA : eka vizleSaNa 163 para mujhe unakI zuzra SA karanI par3egI, isa bhAvanA se yadi vaha zramaNa usa sthAna ko chor3akara araNya meM hokara jAne kA mArga grahaNa karatA hai, athavA jisa mArga se AyA usI mArga se pUnaH lauTane kA prayatna karatA hai to use AjJA, anavasthA, mithyAtva aura virAdhanA aAdi doSa lagate haiN| yadi koI zramaNa apane sAthI muni kI asvasthatA kI upekSA kara tapazcaraNa karatA hai, zAstra svAdhyAya karatA hai to vaha bhI prAyazcitta kA adhikArI hai| vaha saMgha meM rahane ke ayogya hai / sevA se jI curAnA apane prAtma-guNoM kA hanana karanA hai| aura sAtha hI saMghIya maryAdA kI upekSA karanA hai, jo sabase bar3A pApa hai| dazAzra taskandha, samavAyAMga aura Avazyaka sUtra meM mahAmohanIya karma bandhana ke tIsa prakAra batAye haiN| aSTa kama prakRtiyoM meM mohanIya karma sabase adhika patana kA kAraNa hai / jaba duradhyavasAya kI tIvratA evaM ka ratA adhika mAtrA meM bar3ha jAtI hai taba mahAmohanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai, arthAt utkRSTa sattara koDAkoDI sAgara taka kI sthiti vAle mohanIya karma kA baMdha karatA hai| prastuta tIsa bhedoM meM bAIsavAM aura paccIsavAM bheda sevA na karane ke sambandha meM hai| sevA na karane se, aura sevA ke prati upekSA rakhane se prAtmA kA kitanA bhayaMkara patana hotA hai, vaha isa se spaSTa hai| prAcArya aura upAdhyAya kI jo samyaka prakAra se sevA nahIM karatA vaha apratipUjaka aura ahaMkArI hone se mahAmohanIya karma kI upArjanA karatA hai / 54 53. soUNa u gilANaM. ummaggaM gaccha paDivahaM vAvi / maggAo vA maggaM, saMkamaI ANamAINi // -vRhatkalpa niyukti bhASya 1871 54. Ayariya-uvajjhAyAraNaM, sammaM no paDitappai / appaDipUyae thaddha, mahAmohaM pakuvvai // -dazAbhuta skandha, 6 dazA, gA0 22

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164 dharma aura darzana ___jo zakti hone para bhI dUsaroM kI sevA nahIM karatA hai aura kahatA hai--'jaba maiM rugNa huA thA, taba isane bhI merI sevA nahIM kI thii| maiM kyoM karU? yadi vaha vyathA se vyathita hai to bhale hI ho, mujhe kyA garja hai ?' aisA vicAra karane vAlA bhI mahAmohanIya karma kA baMdhana karatA hai / 55 prAcArya jinadAsa gaNI mahattara ne sevA ko hI bhakti mAnA hai / AcArya ke sammAna meM khar3A honA, daNDa grahaNa karanA, pA~va poMchanA, Asana denA Adi jo sevA hai, vahI bhakti hai / 16 rAjendra koSakAra ne sevA kA artha bhakti aura vinaya kiyA hai|57 umAsvAti ne vinaya ke jJAna darzana, cAritra aura upacAra ye cAra bheda kiye haiN| inameM upacAra kA artha prAcArya pUjyapAda ne sarvArtha siddhi meM prAcArya ke pIche calanA, sAmane Ane para khar3A honA, paMjalibaddha hokara (kha) samavAyAMga sa.ma0 30 (ga) Avazyaka a04 sAhAraNaTThA je :kei, gilANammi uvaTThie / pabhU na kuNai kicca, majha pi se na kumvai / saDhe niyaDI-paNNANe, kalusAula-ceyase / appaNo ya abohIe, mahAmohaM pakuvvai / / -dazAbhuta skandha, 6 dazA, gA0 25 / 26 (kha) samavAyAMga sama0 30 / (ga) Avazyaka a0 4 56. anbhuTThANadaMDaggahaNa-pAyapucchaNAsaNappadANagahaNAdIhiM sevA jA sA bhakti / -nizItha cUNi 57. sevAyAM bhaktivinayaH / -rAjendra koSa 58. jJAna darzana cAritropacArAH / -tattvArthasUtra, pra0 6, sU0 23

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sevA : eka vizleSaNa namaskAra karanA kiyA hai| jo sevA hI hai| prAcArya kauTilya ne vaiyAvRtya kA artha paricaryA kiyA hai / 59... sevA prAtma-sAdhanA kA apUrva upAya hai, nara se nArAyaNa banane kI zreSTha kalA hai| sevA karane vAlA, sevA karAnevA le se mahAn hotA hai / zira sevya haiM aura paira sevaka hai| sevya hI sevaka ke caraNoM meM jhukatA hai| rAma sevya the, aura hanumAna sevaka the| hanumAna ke upAsanA gRha (mandira) prAyaH pratyeka gAMva meM milate haiM, kintu rAma ke kvacit hii| hanumAna kI yaha loka-priyatA siddha karatI hai ki sevya se bho sevaka adhika jana-mana priya hotA hai| gAMdhI jI ke zabdoM meM "sevA se bar3hakara vyakti ko dravita karane vAlI aura koI cIja saMsAra meM nahIM hai|60 ___jJAtRdharma kathA kA eka madhura prasaMga hai| sevAmUrti paMthaka muni kI sevAniSThA ne zailakarAjarSi ke jIvana ko AmUlacUla parivartita kara diyaa| unheM na kevala dravyanidrA se balki bhAvanidrA se bhI jAgRtakara diyA thaa| ___ Aja sevA kA nArA eka kinAre se dUsare kinAre taka gaja rahA hai / sevakoM kI bharamAra hai; para sevA meM jaisI cAhie vaisI camaka paidA nahIM ho rahI hai| isakA kAraNa hai prema aura tanmayatA kA abhAva / kartavya kI dRSTi se jo sevA kI jAtI hai, usameM samarpaNa evaM Atmotsarga hI pramukha hotA hai| usameM badale kI cAha nahIM hotI / vaha Sar3I ke kAMTe kI taraha nirantara calatI rahatI hai| 56. taha yAvRtyakArANAmadhaMdaNDaH / vyAkhyA-tadva yAvRttyakArANAM tasya vaiyAvRtyakArAH vizeSeNa AsamantAvartanta iti / vyAvRttaH paricArakaH tasya karma vaiyAvRtyaM paricaryA tat kurvantaH paricArakAH teSAM ardhadaNDa / kauTilIya arthazAstra, adhikaraNa 2 prakaraNa 23 / 20 60. gA~dhI jI ko sUktiyA~ pR0 111 61. NAyAdhammakahAo zruta0 1 a0 5

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166 dharma aura darzana ... prema kI jisa urvara bhUmi se kattavya kA janma hotA hai vaha kartavya sevA hai| mAM putra kI sevA karatI hai| apane Apako putra kI sevA meM vismRta kara detI hai| bhUkha pyAsa bhUla jAtI hai / etadartha hI usakI sevA ucca koTi kI ginI gaI hai| jisa sevA meM Atma-bhAva kA abhAva hotA hai usameM tolane kI buddhi rahatI hai, aura jahA~ para tola hai, vahA~ hRdaya ke mAdhurya kA mola kama ho jAtA hai| ataH bhAratIya saMskRti sAdhaka ke antarhRdaya meM sevA kI sahI jyoti jagAtI hai aura sevaka ke hRdaya meM prAtmArpaNa kI bhavya bhAvanA paidA karatI hai| aglAna bhAva se sevA karane ko utprerita karatI hai|62 62. gilANassa agilAe veyAvacca karaNayAe abbhu? yavvaM bhavai / -sthAnAGga, sthAna 8, sUtra 62

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dasa dharma kA pravezadvAra : dAna dAna, dharmarUpI bhavya-bhavana kA pravezadvAra hai / ' hRdaya kI udAratA kA pAvana pratIka hai| mana kI virATtA kA dyotaka hai, jIvana ke mAdhurya kA pratibimba hai| ___ DudAn dhAtu se an pratya lagakara dAna zabda niSpanna huA hai / jo diyA jAtA hai vaha dAna hai| prAcArya zaMkara ne dAna kA artha saMvibhAga kiyA hai| prAcArya umAsvAti ne-apanI AtmA aura para ke anugraha ke lie tyAga karanA dAna mAnA hai| ukta mAnyatA dvArA yaha dhvanita kiyA gayA hai ki dAtA apane dAna se para kA hI upakAra nahIM karatA varan svayaM bhI upakRta hotA hai| isa prakAra dAtA AdAtA ko upakRta karatA, hai to AdAtA bhI dAtA ko upakRta karatA hai| pAkhira pAdAtA hI to dAtA ko dAna dharma kA 1. prArthanA sAdhaka ko Izvara ke mArga para AdhI dUrI taka pahu~cAyegI. upavAsa mahala ke dvAra taka le jAyegA aura dAna mahala meM praveza kraayegaa| muhammava 2. dIyate iti dAnaM / 3. dAnaM saMvibhAgaH / lArya zaMkara 4. anugrahArthaM svasyAtisargo dAnam / -tattvArtha sUtra, a0 7 / sU0 38

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dharma aura darzana avasara pradAna karatA hai / dAna kI isa vyAkhyA ko hRdayaMgama kara lene vAle dAtA ke mana meM ahaMkAra utpanna na hogA / aura yaha nirahaMkAra bhAva hI dAna kA AbhUSaNa hai| isI se dAna ke pUrNa phala kI prApti hotI hai / 168 dAna dharma hai / " dAna zIla, tapa aura bhAvanA ye dharma ke cAra zrAdhAra stambha haiM / dAna unameM prathama hai aura sabase adhika AsAna hai / grAja dina taka jitane bhI tIrthaGkara hue haiM ve sabhI saMyama grahaNa karane ke pUrva eka varSa taka sUryodaya se lekara prAtaH kAlIna bhojana taka eka karor3a ATha lAkha svarNa mudrAe~ dAna dete rahe haiN|" ve eka varSa meM tIna araba, aThAsI karor3a, aura assI lAkha svarNa mudrAoM kA dAna dAnaM dharmaH / 5. 7. -- koTilya so dhammo caubheo, uvahaTTho sayalajiNavaridehi | dANaM sIlaM ca tavo, bhAvo via tassime bheyA // (kha) durgatiprapatajjantu - dhAraNAd dharmaM ucyate / dAna-zIla tapo-bhAva--bhedAt sa tu caturvidhaH // triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 1 / 1 / 152 (ga) dAnaM sIlaM ca tavo, bhAbo evaM caubviho dhammo / samvajihiM bhaNio tahA duhA suacaritehiM // - saptatizatasthAna praka0, gA0 66, puvvasUrAo // saMvaccharaNa hohiti, abhikkhamaNaM tu jiNarvAridANaM / to atthi saMpadANa, pavvattI egA hiraNNakoDI, aTheva aNUNayA sUrodaya- mAdIyaM sayasahassA | dijjai jA pAyarAsotti // - AcArAMga dvi0 0 0 23 gA0 112 113 (kha) egA hiraNNakoDI, aTTheba zraguNagA saya sahassA / dijjai jA sUrodayamAIyaM 1 pAyarAsAo / / (ga) triSaSThizalAkA puruSa caritra 1 / 3 / 23 somatilaka sUri -- zrAvazyaka niyukti gA0 236 bhadrabAhu

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dharma kA pravezadvAra : dAna 166 dete haiN| dAna grahaNa karane ke lie jo bhI sanAtha, anAtha, pathika, preSya, bhikSu Adi prAjAte haiM unheM ve binA bheda bhAva ke dAna dete haiN| saMyama lene ke pazcAt anya tIna dharmoM kA ArAdhana ho sakatA hai para dAna nahIM diyA jA sakatA hai / ataH tIrthaGkara prathama dAna dekara saMsAra ko dAna dene kA udbodhana dete haiN| vaidika RSi ke zabdoM meM unakA prastuta prAcaraNa yahI preraNA detA hai ki, "yadi tuma sau hAthoM se ikaTThA karate ho to hajAra hAthoM se bA~Ta do|1deg dAna karane se gaurava prApta hotA hai, dhana kA saMcaya karane se nhiiN| jala kA dAna karane vAlA megha sadA Upara rahatA hai aura saMgraha karane vAlA samudra nIce rahatA hai| bhartRhari ne kahA hai|-"daan, bhoga aura nAza ye tIna dhana kI gatiyA~ hai / jo na detA hai aura na bhogatA hI hai, usakA dhana naSTa ho jAtA hai / '12 aura jaba naSTa ho jAtA hai to dhana kA svAmI madhu 8. tiNraNeva ya koDisayA, aTThAsII aM hoMti koddiio| asiyaM ca sayasahassA, eyaM saMvacchare diNNaM / / -Avazyaka niyukti, gA0 242 (kha) tripaSThizalAkApuruSa caritra 1 / 3 / 24 pa0 68 (ga) Avazyaka bhASya gA0 85 pR0 260 6. tate NaM mallI arahA kallAkalliM jAva mAgaho pAyarAsoti bahUNaM saNAhANa ya aNAhANa ya paMthiyANa ya pahiyANa ya karoDiyANa ya kappaDiyANa ya egamegaM hiraNNakoDI aTTha ya aNUNAtiM sayasahassAti imeyArUvaM atthasaMpadAraNaM dalayati / --jJAtRdharma pra0 8 / sU0 76 10. zatahastaM samAhara sahasra hastaM saMkira / ----atharvaveda 11. gauravaM prApyate dAnAnna tu vittasya saMcayAt / sthiti rucca pAyodAnAM, payodhInAmadhaH sthitiH / / 12. dAnaM bhogo nAzastisro gatayo bhavanti vittasya / yo na dadAti na bhukte, tasya tRtIyA gatirbhavati / / . --motizataka zlo0 03

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dharma aura darzana makkhI kI taraha hAtha malakara zira dhunatA huA pazcAttApa karatA hai / 3 isake viparIta jo udAramanA hote haiM ve karNa kI taraha dene meM hI Ananda kI anubhUti karate haiN| jina prAtmAnoM ko nIce jAnA hotA ve dhana ko nimna kAryoM meM kharca karate haiM aura jinako Upara jAnA hotA hai ve dhana ko sanmArga meM vyaya karate haiM / 200 kisAna pahale kheta ko rezama kI taraha mulAyama karatA hai, usake pazcAt usameM bIja botA hai / hRdaya rUpI kheta ko bhI dAna dekara mulAyama kIjiye, phira anya vratAdi rUpI bIja boiye / zrAvaka kA jIvana udAra hotA hai, hRdaya virAT hotA hai / usake ghara kA dvAra tuGgiyA nagarI ke zrAvakoM kI taraha sadA khulA rahatA hai / 14 jo bhI atithi, abhyAgata usake dvAra para AtA hai, usakA vaha hRdaya se svAgata karatA hai aura Avazyaka vastu prasannatA se pradAna karatA hai / denA hI usake jIvana kA pradhAna lakSya hai / dene se samAdhi utpanna hotI hai aura samAdhi ke kAraNa use bhI samAdhi prApta hotI hai / 15 Agama sAhitya kA adhyayana karane vAlA vidyArthI sahaja hI jAna sakatA hai ki gaNadhara gautama ne jaba kabhI bhI kisI vyakti ko vipula vaibhava sampanna dekhA taba unhoMne bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra ke samakSa yaha 13. deyaM bhoja ! dhanaM dhanaM sukRtibhirno saMcitaM sarvadA / ' zrIkaraNasya balezca vikramapateradyApi kIrtiH sthitA / AzcaryaM madhudAnabhogarahitaM naSTaM cirAt saJcitam / ' nirvedAditi pANipAdayugalaM, gharSantyaho makSikAH // 14. Usiaphalihe, avaMguaduvAre / 15. - ( kAlIdAsa) cANakyanIti zra011 - bhagavatI zataka 2, udde0 5 samaNovAsa gaM tahArUvaM samaraNaM vA jAva paDilAbhemANe tahArUvassa samaNassa vA mAhaNassa vA samAhiM uppAeti samAhikAraeNaM tameva samAhiM paDilabhai | - bhagavatI zataka 7, u0 1 sU0 263

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dharma kA pravezadvAra : dAna 201 jijJAsA prastuta kI-bhagavan ! isa vyakti ne pUrvabhava meM kyA dAna diyA thA jisake kAraNa ise atula sampatti samprApta huI hai ?16 samAdhAna karate hue bhagavAn usake dAnasambandhI pUrvabhava ke sunahare saMsmaraNa sunAte haiN| dAna se jIva sAtA vedanIya karma kA bandhana karatA hai / + dAna ke divya prabhAva se hI zrI RSabhadeva ke jIva ne aura bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra ke jIva ne kramazaH dhannA, zreSThI ke bhava meM18 aura nayasAra ke bhava meM19 sarva prathama samyaktva kI upalabdhi kii| dAna se hI zAlibhadra ne aparimita evaM svargIya sampatti prApta kI / 2deg 16. kiM vA daccA? -sukhavipAka, a01 17. dekhie sukhavipAka / bhUtavratyanukampAdAnaMsarAgasaMyamAdiyogaH kSAntiH zaucamiti sadasthaya / -tattvArtha 6 / 13 18. dhaNasatthavAhaposaNa, jaigamaNaM aDavi vAsaThANaM ca / bahu bolINa vAse, ciMtA ghayadANamAsi tayA / / --Avazyaka niyukti gA0 168 (kha) Avazyaka cUNi pR0 133 (ga) Avazyaka malayagirivRtti 50 158 / 1 (gha) Avazyaka-hAribhadrIyAvRtti pa0 115 (Ga) tadAnIM sArthavAhena, dAnasyA'sya prabhAvataH / __lebhe mokSatarorbIjaM, bodhibIjaM sudurlabham / / --triSaSThi zalAkApuruSa caritra 111 / 143 16. dANa'nna paMtha nayaNaM aNukaMpa gurugakahaNasammatta / -prAvazyaka bhASya, gA0 2 (kha) Avazyaka niyukti gA0143, 144 pa0 152 (ga) triSaSThi zalAkA puruSa caritra 10 / 1 / 3-22 20. triSaSThi zalAkA0 / 10 / 10

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202 dharma aura darzana dAna zrAvaka ke jIvana kA pradhAna guNa hai / 21 dvAdazavatoM meM antima vrata atithisaMvibhAga vrata hai / 22 paNDita rAjamalla jI ne use sabase bar3A vrata kahA hai / 23 jo saMvibhAga nahIM karatA usakI mukti nahI hotI / 24 zrAvaka pratidina prAtaH tIna manorathoM kA cintana karatA hai| unameM prathama manoratha hai-jisa dina maiM apane parigraha ko supAtra kI sevA meM tyAga kara prasannatA anubhava karUMgA, mamatA ke bhAra se mukta banUMgA, vaha dina mere lie kalyANakArI hogA5 zrAvakoM ke lie yaha bhI vidhAna hai ki bhojana karane ke pUrva kucha samaya taka atithi kI pratIkSA kreN| rAjapraznIya sUtra meM samrATa pradezI kA varNana hai / samrAT pradezI ke jIvana kI tasvIra kezIzramaNa ke upadeza se badala jAtI hai| vaha nAstika se parama Astika banatA hai| zramaraNopAsaka banate hI vaha apanI rAjya zrI ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta karatA hai / eka bhAga se vaha virAT dAnazAlA kholatA hai| jo bhI zramaraNa, brAhmaNa, bhikSu, rAhagIra Adi Ate haiM, unheM vaha saharSa dAna karatA hai / 26 itihAsaprasiddha samrAT kumArapAla ne bhI 21. (ka) dharmabindu, AcArya haribhadra, (kha) dharmaratna prakaraNa (ga) yogazAstra, hemacandra, (gha) zrAddhaguNa vivaraNa 22. atithisaMvibhAgavae -upAsaka dazAMga, a01 23. atithisaMvibhAgAkhyaM, vratamasti vratAthinAm / / __ sarvavrataziroratnamihAmutra sukhapradam // 24. asaMvibhAgI nahu tassa mokkho| daza0 a04 25. sthAnAGgasUtra 3 / 4 / 21 ahaM NaM seyabiyAnagarIpAmokkhAi, satta gAmasahassAI cattAri bhAge karissAmi / egaM bhAgaM balavAhaNassa dalaissAmi, evaM bhAgaM koTThAgAre chabhissAmi, egaM bhAgaM ante urassa dala issAmi, egeraNaM bhAgeraNaM mahaImahAlayaM kUDAgAraM sAlaM karissAmi / tattharaNaM bahUhiM purisehiM dina 26.

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dharma kA pravezadvAra : dAna 203 prAcArya zrI hemacandra ke pravacanapIyUSa kA pAnakara paramAhata kA viruda pAyA aura asahAyoM ke bhojana, vastra ke nimitta satrAgAra kI sthApanA kii| isI uddezya kI pUrti ke lie usane eka maTha kA bhI nirmANa karAyA thA / 27 jaina zrAvaka bhAmAzAha, jagaDUzAha aura khemAdedarANI kI dAnavIratA kisI se chipI nahIM hai, jinhoMne rASTra ke lie sarvasva samarpaNa kara diyA thaa| ve zramaNopAsaka Ananda kI taraha hI samAja ke lie mer3hI-stambha AdhAra rUpa the, A~kha ke samAna patha-pradarzaka the, aura bhojana ke samAna Alambana rUpa the|28 yadi ApakA svadharmI bandhu prArthika dRSTi se atyadhika saMkaTagrasta hai, use samaya para khAne ko nahIM mila rahA hai pahanane ko kapar3e nahIM mila rahe haiM, rahane ko jhoMpar3o nasIba nahIM hai, usa samaya Apa yadi usakI dInatA para ha~sate haiM to Apa bhI usI bAdazAha ke khAnadAna ke haiM, jo nagara ko Aga meM jhulasatA dekhakara bhI vaMzI bajAyA karatA thaa| yadi Apa usakI sthiti ko dekhakara bhI udhara dhyAna nahIM dete haiM, to miTTI ke lauMde ke samAna haiN| yadi Apa use kevala Tukura-Takura nihArate haiM to pazu ke samAna haiN| yadi Apa use sahAyatA dete haiM, usa gire hue ko Upara uThAte haiM to manuSya haiM, zrAvaka haiN| eka pAzcAtya vicAraka ne kahA hai-jIvana kA artha hI dAna hai / 29 prArthanAmandira meM jAkara prArthanA ke lie sau bAra hAtha jor3ane ke bajAya dAna ke lie eka bAra hAtha kholanA adhika mahattvapUrNa hai / ataH vicAra kiye binA dete jaao|1 hAtha ka 27. 28. bhaibhatta veyaNehi vi ulaM asaNaM 4 uvakkhaDAvettA bahUNaM samaNa mAhaNa-bhikkhuyANaM paMthiyapahiyANaM paDilAbhemANe"." -rAyapaseNiya kumArapAla pratibodha, somaprabhAcArya meDhibhUe pAhAre AlaMbaNe cakkhumeDhibhUe upAsakavazAMga 01 Life means giving. One hand opened in charity is worth a hundred in Prayer, Give without a thought. 26. 30. 31.

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204 dharma aura darzana zobhA dAna dene se hai, na ki ratnajaTita kaMgana pahanane se|32 bhAratIya sAhitya meM hAtha ko kamala kI upamA dI hai / 3 use 'kara-kamala' kahate haiN| hAtha tabhI kamala banatA hai jaba usameM se dAna kI manamohaka sugandha nikalatI hai| denA ehasAna nahIM hai, yaha jIvana kA tAnA-bAnA hai| tAnA bAne se sthita hai aura bAnA tAne se| yadi donoM kA sahayoga naSTa ho jAyegA to donoM kevala sUta raha jaayeNge| bhAratavarSa ke RSiyoM kA cintana kahatA hai ki dAna do, para dene vAle ko dIna-hIna aura daridra samajhakara mata do| yadi dIna-hIna aura daridra samajha kara doge to usameM ahaMkAra kA viSa mila jAyegA, jo dAna ke proja ko naSTa kara degA / ataH lene vAle ko bhagavAn samajhakara do / bhakta mandira meM pahu~catA hai, mUrti ke sAmane mohanabhoga, aura naivedya car3hAtA hai / vaha bhagavAn ko bhUkhA aura dIna-hIna samajhakara arpaNa nahIM karatA, kintu vizvambhara samajhakara detA hai / "he prabho ! yaha sabhI tumhArA hai aura tumheM hI samarpaNa kara rahA hU~"4 yaha kitanI gaharI aura UMcI bhAvanA hai| arpaNa meM kitanA Ananda aura ullAsa hai| putra pitA ko bhojana arpaNa karatA hai to usameM bhI yahI bhAvanA hai.| bhUkhe haiM, do-aisA socakara nahIM detA, kintu 'pitRdevo bhava' samajhakara detA hai| vaise hI pratyeka AtmA ko paramAtmA samajhakara do, bAdaloM kI taraha arpaNa kara do| bAdala AkAza se pAnI nahIM lAte kintu bhUmaNDala se hI grahaNa karate haiN| bAdaloM ke pAsa jo eka-eka bada kA astitva hai vaha isI bhU-maNDala kA hai, isI se liyA aura isI ko arpaNa kara diyA / tumhArI cIja tumheM hI sarpita hai / isa arpaNa meM ehasAna nahIM, kintu prema hai / ahaMkAra nahIM, vinaya hai / yadi Apa bhAgyavAna haiM to apane bhAga meM se bhAga denA sIkhie / ApakI sampatti meM samAja kA bhI bhAga hai / yadi bhAiyoM ke hisse ho 32. dAnena pANirna tu kaGkaNena / 33. dAnAmRtaM yasya karAravinde / 34. tvadIyaM vastu govinda, tubhyameva samapyate /

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dharma kA pravezadvAra : dAna rahe hoM aura Apako apanA bhAga nahIM milatA hai, to Apa kitane becaina hote haiM ? kintu samAja kA bhAga, jo Apake pAsa hai, use dene ke lie becaina hote haiM yA nahIM ? bhAratIya saMskRti ke eka mananazIla medhAvI santa ne kahA - ' jo arpaNa karatA hai vaha devatA hai ' devai so devatA aura leveM so levatA / ' sUrya nirantara prakAza detA hai ataH vaha devatA hai / jisameM nirantara arpaNa karane kI zakti hai vaha deva hai / marAThI bhASA meM 'dAna' ko deva kahA hai / jisake antara meM devatva vidyamAna hai vaha detA hai / ---- prAcIna yuga meM prAcArya dIkSAnta bhASaNa meM ziSya se kahate the" vatsa ! tuma gRhasthAzrama meM praveza karane ke lie jA rahe ho| tumhAre yahA~ koI atithi Aye to zraddhA se denA, azraddhA se na denA prasannatA se denA, namratA se denA, para bhaya se na denA, sahAnubhUti zraura prema se denA / 3 padmapurANakAra ne kahA-yadi zatru bhI ghara para AjAya to use bhI arpaNa karo / kisI bhI vastu ke lie inkAra na karo / 36 jo diyA jAtA hai vaha mIThA hotA hai aura jo liyA jAtA hai vaha kaDuvA hotA hai / vRkSa apanI icchA se jo phala detA hai vaha kitanA madhura hotA ? para jo balAt liyA jAtA hai usameM madhuratA kahA~ hotI hai ? dAna eka vazIkaraNa maMtra hai, jo sabhI prANiyoM ko moha letA hai, para ko bhI apanA banA letA hai| ataH pratidina dAna dIjie, 37 35. 36. 37. 205 zraddhayA deyam ! zrazraddhayA'deyam ! zriyA deyam / hriyA deyam ! bhiyA'deyam ! saMvidA deyam // zatrAvapi gRhAyAte nAstyadeyaM tu kiMcana / taittirIya upaniSad 1 / 11 - padmapurANa dAnena satvAni vazIbhavanti, dAnena vairANyapi yAnti nAzam / paro'pi bandhutvamupaitidAnAttasmAddhi dAnaM satataM pradeyam // -- dharmaratna

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dharma aura darzana zraddhA se arpaNa kIjie / 8 dAna se hI amarapada prApta hotA hai|39 __dAna ke vijJApana kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| kisAna kheta meM jo bIja botA hai, use khulA nahIM rakhatA, miTTI se DhaMka detA hai| yadi bIja miTTI se DhaMkatA nahIM hai to usase aMkura nahIM ugatA / vaha naSTa ho jAtA hai| vaise hI dAna ko bhI la~kie, use gupta rahane dIjie, usakA vijJApana na kiijiye| eka vicAraka ne kahA hai, 'jo mAnava apane hAtha se dAna detA hai vaha detA nahIM, para apane hAtha se ikaTThA karatA hai / eka anya pAzcAtya vicAraka ne likhA hai ki-bahuta adhika dene se udAratA siddha nahIM hotI, kintu AvazyakatA ke samaya sahAyatA pradAna karanA hI saccI udAratA hai|41 daridroM ko dIjiye, aizvaryasampanna vyaktiyoM ko denA to svastha aura prasanna vyakti ko auSadha pradAna karane ke samAna hai / 42 gaMje vyakti ko jisa prakAra kaMghI denA, aura andhe vyakti ko darpaNa denA nirarthaka hai, vaise hI anAvazyaka aura anupayogI vastuoM kA dAna bhI nirarthaka hai| jJAtRdharma kathA kA prasaMga hai ki-nAgazrI ne dIrgha tapasvI dharma ruci anagAra ko kaDue tumbe kA zAka diyA, aura kaThopaniSad kA prasaMga hai ki vAjizravA RSi 40. 41. 38. dAnaM dadantu saddhAya, sIlaM rakkhantu savvadA / bhAvanAbhirutA hontu, etaM buddhAna sAsanaM ||-mhaatmaa buddha 36. dakSiNAvanto amRtaM bhajante / -Rgveda The hand that gives gathers. ' Liberality does not consist in giving much, but in giving at the right moment. 42. daridrAn bhara kaunteya ! mA prayacchezvare dhanam / vyAdhitasyauSadhaM pathyaM, nIrujasya kimauSadham ? -hitopadeza saeNaM sA nAgasirI mAhaNI dhammaruI ejjamANaM pAsai2 tassa sAlai yassa""eDaNaTThayAe (nisaraNiThyAe) haTTatuTThA uThAe u8 i2 jeNeva bhattaghare teNeva uvAgachai,2 taM sAlaiyaM"..."dhammaruissa aNagArassa paDiggaMhaMsi savvameva nissirai -jJAtRdharma kathA, adhyayana 16 vA

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dharma kA pravezadvAra dAna ne vRddha gAe~ brAhmaNoM ko samarpita kii| yaha dAna thA, yA dAna kA upahAsa thA ? ise hI 'marI bachiyA bAmhana ke nAma' kahate haiM / dAna sukha kI kuMjI hai / jaina darzana ne lAbhAlAbha kI dRSTi se citta, vitta aura pAtra kI mahattA para prakAza DAlA hai / dravya deya aura pAtra kI zuddhatA se hI dAna meM camaka paidA hotI hai / 45 tInoM meM eka kI bhI nyUnatA hone para utkRSTa phala kI upalabdhi nahIM ho sakatI / jaina darzana kI bhA~ti bauddha darzana ne bhI dAna ke tIna upakaraNa nAne haiM - ( 1 ) dAna kI icchA (2) dAna kI vastu, (3) aura dAna lene vAlA / eka samaya zrAvastI meM kauzalarAja prasenajita ne mahAtmA buddha se kahA - bhante ! kise denA cAhie ? uttara meM buddha ne kahA - mahArAja ! jisake mana meM zraddhA ho / 46 dvitIya prazna kiyA-bhaMte ! kisako dene se mahAphala hotA hai ? uttara diyA- mahArAja zIlavAn ko diye gaye dAna kA mahAphala hotA hai / 47 vaidika dharmaM ne bhI deza, kAla, aura pAtra kI mahattA svIkAra kI hai / 48 jaise modaka ke nirmANa meM ghI, zakkara, aura mede kI AvazyakatA hotI haiM vaise hI dAna ke lie bhI citta, vitta, aura pAtra kI AvazyakatA hai / 44. kaThopaniSad 45. 46. 47. 48. 207 davvasuddhaNaM, dAyagasuddha eNaM, paDiggahasuddha eNaM, tivihaM tikaraNasuddha gaM dANe saMyutta nikAya, 'issatya sutta' 3|3|4 saMyukta nikAya, issattha sutta 33334 deze kAle ca pAtre ca taddAnaM sAttvikaM viduH / - bhagavatI za0 15 - gItA zra0 17 zlo0 20

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208 dharma aura darzana sthAnAGga meM bhAvanA Adi ke bheda kI dRSTi se dAna ke daza bheda batAye haiM / 49 (1) anukampAdAna-dIna, anAtha, daridra, duHkhI, rogI, zokagrasta prANiyoM para anukampA karake denA / 50 (2) saMgrahadAna-abhyudaya yA Apatti ke avasara para sahAyatA hetu denaa| yaha dAna apane svArtha ke lie diyA jAtA hai, ataH vaha mokSa kA kAraNa nahIM hai / (3) bhayadAna- rAjA, maMtrI, purohita, pulisa prabhRti ke bhaya se denA / 52 (4) kAruNyadAna-putra Adi svajana ke viyoga se vyathita hokara usake nAma se denA / jisase usakA parabhava sudhara jAya / 46. dasavihe dANe paNNatte taM jahA aNukaMpA saMgahe ceva,bhaye kAluNite ti ya / lajjAte gAraveNaM ca, adhamme puNa sattame / / dhamme ya aTThame vRtta, kAhIti ta kataMti ta // -sthAnAGgapra0 10 sU0 745 50 kRpaNe'nAthadaridra, vyasanaprApte ca rogazokahate / / yaddIyate kRpArthAdanukampA tadbhaveddAnam // -sthAnAGga 10 / 3 sU0 745 TIkA abhyudaye vyasane vA, yat kiJciddIyate sahAyatArtham / tatsaMgrahato'bhimataM, munibhirdAnaM na mokSAya // -sthAnAGga 1013 sU0 745 TIkA 52. rAjAramapurohitamadhumukhamAvalladaNDapAziSu ca / / yaddIyate bhayAttidbhayadAnaM budha yam / -sthAnAGga 103, sU0 745 TIkA kAruNyaM zokastena putraviyogAdijanitena tadIyasyaiva talpAdeH sa janmAntare sukhito bhavatviti vAsanAto'nyasya vA yaddAnaM tatkAruNyadAnaM, kAruNyajanyatvAd vA dAnamapi kAruNyamuktam upacArAditi // sthAnAGga u0 3 / sU0 745 TI.

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dharma kA praveza dvAra dAna (5) lajjAdAna - janasamUha kI bIca baiThe hue vyakti se jaba koI mA~gane lagatA hai, usa samaya dene kI icchA na hote hue bhI lajjA ke vazIbhUta hokara denA / 54 (6) gauravadAna - yaza prApti ke liye naToM ko, pahalavAnoM ko, apane snehI sambandhiyoM ko gauravapUrvaka denA / 15 (7) dharmadAna -- dharma kI puSTi karane ke lie, gaMdI vAsanAtroM se prerita hokara hiMsA, asatya, steya, vezyAgamana, Adi duSkRtyoM ke poSaNa hetu denA / 56 (8) dharmadAna - jinakA jIvana tyAga aura vairAgya se paripUrNa ho, jinake lie tRNa, mariNa muktA eka samAna hoM aise supAtra ko dharmabhAva se denA / yaha dAna kabhI vyartha nahIM jAtA / 7 (6) kariSyatidAna - bhaviSya meM pratyupakAra kI dRSTi se jo diyA jAtA hai / arthAt bhaviSya meM inase mujhe sahAyatA prApta hogI, isa abhiprAya se denA / 58 54. abhyarthitaH pareNa tu yaddAnaM janasamUhagataH / paracitarakSaNArthaM, lajjAyAstadbhaveddAnam // 55. naTanataM muSTikebhyo dAnaM sambandhibandhumitrebhyaH / yaddIyate yazo'rthaM, garveNa tu tadbhaveddAnam // 56. hiMsAnRtacauryodyataparadAraparigrahaprasaktebhyaH / yaddIyate hi teSAM tajjAnIyAdadharmAya || 58. 206 57. samatRNamaNimuktebhyo yaddAnaM dIyate supAtrebhyaH / akSaya matulamanantaM taddAnaM bhavati dharmAya // 14 -- vahIM 1013, sU0 745 pR0 466 } 9 -sthAnAGga 10 / 3 / 745 / pR0 466 - sthAnAGga 10 / 3 / 745 pR0 496 kariSyati kaJcanopakAraM mamAyamitibuddhayA / taddAnaM tatkariSyatIti dAnamucyate // -sthAnAGga 10 / 3 / 745 TokA pu0466 - sthAnAGga 10 / 3 / 745 pR0 466

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210 dharma aura darzana (10) kRtadAna-pUrvakRta upakAra se uRNa hone ke lie denA / 59 . ina dAnoM meM kaunasA dAna heya, jJeya, aura upAdeya hai, yaha to pAThaka svayaM samajha sakate haiN| sthAnAGga kI taraha aMguttara nikAya meM bhI dAna ke isI prakAra ke pATha bheda batAye haiM / dharmadAna meM bhI deya vastu kI dRSTi se tIna, cAra, pATha, daza, aura caudaha bheda kiye gae haiN| tattvArtha bhASya meM ssaSTa nirdeza hai ki deya vastu nyAyopArjita aura kalpanIya honI caahie| jo nyAyopArjita aura kalpanIya hai, vahI annapAna Adi dravya deya hai / 60 anyatra bhASyakAra ne yaha bhI likhA hai ki anna Adi sArajAtIya aura guNoM kA utkarSa karane vAle hoN|62 AcArya amitagati ne likhA hai ki vahI deya vastu prazasta haiM jisase rAga kA nAza hotA hai, dharma kI vRddhi hotI hai, saMyama sAdhanA ko poSaNa milatA hai, viveka jAgRta hotA hai, AtmA upazAnta hotA hai| vastra, pAtra, aura AzrayAdi bhI ratnatraya kI vRddhi ke lie denA zreyaskara hai|64 59. zatazaH kRtopakAro, datta ca sahasrazo mamAnena / ahamapi dadAmi, kiMcitpratyupakArAya taddAnam // -sthAnAGga 10 / u0 3, sU0 745 60. aMguttara nikAya 8 / 31 // 32 61. nyAyAgatAnAM kalpanIyAnAmannapAnAdInAM dravyANAM........dAnaM / / -tattvArtha sUtra 7 / 16 bhASya 62. dravyavizeSo'nnAdInAmeva sArajAtiguNotkarSayogaH / -tattvArtha sUtra 7 / 34 kA bhASya 63. amitigati zrAvakAcAra, pariccheda 6 / 46 se 80 vastrapAtrAzrayAdIni, parANyapi yathocitam / dAtavyAni vidhAnena, ratnatritayavRddhaye // -amitigatizrAvakAcAra, pariccheda 6

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211 dharma kA praveza dvAra : dAna triSaSThizalAkA puruSa caritra meM dharmaratna prakaraNa meM aura sarvArthasiddhi meM dAna ke tIna bheda kiye haiN| jJAnadAna, abhayadAna aura dharmopagraharaNa dAna / prAcArya samantabhadra,6 prAcArya pUjyapAda,68 prAcArya prakalaMka aura prAcArya vidyAnandI ne AhAradAna, auSadhadAna, upakaraNa dAna aura AvAsa dAna-ye dAna ke cAra prakAra kiye haiN| prAcArya kArtikeya, prAcArya jinasena,72 somadeva, 3 65. tatra tAvad dAnadharmastri prakAraH prakIrtitaH / jJAnadAnA'bhayadAna dharmopagrahadAnataH / / -trizaSThi0, prAcArya hemacandra 1111153 dAnaM ca tattha tivihaM, nANayayANa ca abhayaMdANa ca / dhammovaggahadANa ca, nANadANa imaM tattha / / -dharmaratna prakaraNa, devendrasUri TIkA gA0 52 patra 223 / tyAgo dAnam / tattrividham-AhAradAnamabhayadAnaM jJAnadAnaM ceti / -sarvArtha siddhi 67. AhArauSadhayorapyupakaraNAvAsayozca dAnena / vaiyAvRtyaM bravate ! caturAtmatvena caturasrAH // -samIcInadharmazAstra adhyAya 5 zlo0 117 68. atithaye saMvibhAgo'tithisaMvibhAgaH / sa caturvidhaH bhikSopakaraNoSadhapratizrayabhedAt // -tattvArtha sUtra 7 / 21 ko sarvArtha siddhi TIkA 66. tattvArthasUtra, 7 / 21 rAjavArtika TIkA 70. tatvAvaMsUtra, 7 / 21 zlokavArtika TIkA 71. bhoyaNadAraleNa sokkhaM, osahadAraNeNa satyadANa ca / jIvANa abhayadANa, sudullahaM savvadANANa / -dvAdaza anuprekSAH, dharma anuprekSA 362 72. deyamAhArabhaiSajyazAstrAbhayavikalpitam / -mahApurANa parva0 20, zlo0 138 10 457 -pra0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI 73. abhayAhArabhaiSajyazrutabhedAt caturvidham / -yezastilaka, prAzvAsa 8

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212 dharma aura darzana devasena, 4 basunandi,75 aura guNabhadra ne 6 AhAra dAna, auSadhadAna, zAstra dAna aura abhayadAna-yoM dAna ke cAra bheda kiye haiN| upadeza mAlA, tathA dAna pradIpa meM dAna ke (1) vasati dAna, (2) zayanadAna, (3) AsanadAna, (4) bhakta dAna, (5) pAnI dAna, (6) bhaiSajya dAna, (7) vastra dAna, (8) pAtra dAna ye pATha bheda kiye haiN| Avazyaka cUriNa meM dAna ke (1) yathA pravRttadAna (2) annadAna, (3) pAnadAna, (4) vastradAna, (5) auSadha dAna, (6) bhaiSajyadAna (7) pITha dAna, (8) phalakadAna (6) zayyAdAna, (10) saMstAraka dAna-isa prakAra dasa bheda kahe gae haiM / 74. abhayapayANa paDhamaM vidiyaM taha hoi satthadANa ca / taiya osahadANa AhAraM cautthaM ca // -bhAvasaMgraha 486 75. AhArosaha-satthAbhayabheo jaM cauvvihaM dANaM / taM kuccai dAyavvaM, NihiTThamuvAsayajjhayaNe / -vasunandi zrAvakAcAra 233 76. AhArAbhayabhaiSajyazAstrairdeyaM caturvidham / -guNabhadrazrAvakAcAra 153 77. (1) vasahI, (1-3) sayaNAsaNa, (4) bhatta, (5) pANa, (6) bhesajja, (7) vattha, (8) pttaaii| - upadezamAlA do ghaTTo TIkA, gA0 240 50 420 / 2 78. dAnapradIpa saTIka patra 64 / 2 76. jo ahApavattANaM aNNapANavatthaosahabhesajjapIThaphalagasejjAsaMthAragAdINAM saMvibhAgo so ahAsaMvibhAgo bhavati / -prAvazyaka cUNi, pR0 305

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dharma kA praveza dvAra : dAna 80 Avazyaka sUtra, upAsaka dazAMga, " sUtrakRtAGga, bhagavatI Adi meM (1) prazana, (2) pAna, (3) khAdima, (4) svAdima, (5) vastra, (6) pratigraha, (7) kambala, (8) pAdapoMchana ( 6 ) pITha, (10) phalaka (11) zayyA (12) saMstAraka (13) auSadha (14) bhaiSajya, ina caudaha deya vastunoM kA nirdeza karake prakArAntara se dAna ke caudaha bheda kahe gae haiN| bauddha sAhitya meM bhI vividha dRSTiyoM se dAna ke bheda nirUpita kiye gaye haiM / mahAtmA buddha ne (1) prAmiSadAna [ indriyoM ke viSayoM kA dAna ] (2) aura dharmadAna, ye do bheda kiye haiM / ina donoM dAnoM meM dharmadAna mukhya hai| phaladAna kI dRSTi me dAna ke tIna bheda haiM (1) dRSTa dharma vedanIya, (2) paripakva vedanoya, (3) aura aparAvarya vedanIya | pAtra bheda kI dRSTi se bhI dAna ke tIna prakAra haiM - (1) pudgala dAna, (2) saMghadAna, (3) aura uddezyadAna / dAna dene vAle ke tIna prakAra haiM (1) dAnadAsa, (2) dAna sahAya, (3) aura dAnapati / 213 dAyaka aura dAnapAtra kI utkRSTatA va nikRSTatA ke kAraNa dAna kI vizuddhatA bhI cAra prakAra kI hai 80. 81. samaNe niggaMthe phAsue esaNijjeNaM asaNapANakhAimasAimeragaM vatthapaDiggahakaMbalapAyapuMcharaNaM pADihArieNaM pIDhaphalagasijjAsaMthAraeNaM osahabheSajjeNa ya paDilAbhemANe viharAmi / - Avazyaka sUtra kapa me samaNe ni ganthe phAsueNaM sasANijjeNaM asaNapANakhAimasAimeNaM vatthakambala paDiggahapAyapuMcharaNeNa pIDhaphalagasijjAsaMthAraeNaM osahabhe sajjeNa ya paDilA bhemANassa viharittae - - upAsakadazA - 1158 82. aMguttara nikAya 2 / 13

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214 dharma aura darzana (1) dAyaka dvArA dAna vizuddhi, (2) dAna pAtra dvArA dAna vizuddhi, (3) dAyaka aura dAnapAtra donoM dvArA dAna vizuddhi, (4) dAyaka aura dAnapAtra donoM dvArA dAna vizuddhi / siMha senApati ke prazna ke uttara meM mahAtmA buddha ne kahA-dAna se loka meM cAra lAbha prApta hote haiM-(1) dAtA lokapriya hotA hai (2) satpuruSoM kA saMsarga prApta hotA hai (3) kalyANakArI kIrti prApta hotI hai| (4) kisI bhI sabhA meM vaha vijJa kI taraha jA sakatA hai aura paraloka meM svarga meM jAtA hai / yaha adRSTa lAbha hai| 3 kAladAna (?) ke bhI cAra bheda batAye haiN| (1) Agantuka ko, (2) jAne vAle ko (3) glAna ko, (4) durbhikSa meN|4 gItA meM dAna ke sAtvika, rAjasa aura tAmasa ye tIna bheda kiye haiN| kartavya buddhi se jo dAna deza, kAla aura pAtra kA vicAra karake apanA upakAra na karane vAle vyakti ke lie diyA jAtA hai vaha sAtvika dAna hai| jo dAna upakAra ke badale meM athavA phala pAne kI icchA se diyA jAtA hai aura jisake dene se mana meM kucha kleza hotA hai vaha rAjasa dAna hai|86 jo dAna vinA satkAra kiye, athavA tiraskArapUrvaka, - 83. aMguttara nikAya 5 // 34 84. aMguttara nikAya 5236 85. dAtavyamiti yaddAnaM, dIyate'nupakAriNe / deze kAle ca pAtre ca, taddAnaM sAtvikaM viduH // --bhagavadgItA 17 / 20 86. yattu pratyupakArArtha, phalamuddizya vA punaH / dIyate ca parikliSTaM, taddAnaM rAjasaM smRtam / / -bhagavadgItA pra0 11 / 21

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dharma kA pravezadvAra : dAna 215 deza kAla kA vicAra kiye vinA apAtra ko diyA jAtA hai vaha tAmasa dAna hai| __ jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM hI paramparAoM meM vividha dRSTiyoM se dAna ke aneka bheda prabheda kiye gaye haiN| vistAra bhaya se tathA anAvazyaka hone se una sabhI kA ullekha yahA~ nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai| saMkSepa meM tInoM hI paramparAoM ne eka svara se annadAna, abhayadAna aura jJAnadAna ke mahattva ko svIkAra kiyA hai aura unakA vistAra se nirUpaNa bhI kiyA hai| annadAna: ___ jainAgamoM kI dRSTi se puNya ke nau prakAroM meM 'annapuNya' sarva prathama hai|" isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki kSudhA ke samAna koI vedanA nahIM hai / 89 bAIsa parISahoM meM kSudhA parISaha prathama hai / deg zramaNoM ko diye jAne vAle dAnoM meM bhI annadAna sarva prathama hai|1 bhojanadAna dene se tInoM hI dAna diye hue ho jAte haiM / + 87. adezakAle yadAnamapAtrebhyazca dIyate / asatkRtamavajJAtaM, tattAmasamudAhRtam // . -bhagavadgItA 17.22 Navavihe puNNe paM0 ta0 aNNa puNNe, pANapuNNe, vatthapuSNe, leNapuNNe, sayaNapuNNe, maNapuNNe, vayapuNNe, kAyapuNNe, namokkArapuNNe / -sthAnAGga sUtra, a0 6 sU0 676 89. khuhAsamA natthi veyaNA / -gautama kulaka 10. (ka) samavAyAMga 22 (kha) bhagavatI zataka 8 u0 8 pR0 161 (ga) uttarAdhyayana a0 2 (gha) tattvArthasUtra 6-8 / 17 61. dekhie TippaNa naM0 67 se 81 taka / + bhoyaNadANe diNNe tiNNi vi dANANi hoti diNNANi / -kArtikeyAnuprakSA 363

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dharma aura darzana saMyuktanikAya meM mahAtmA buddha ne kahA hai- "eka anna hI hai, jise sabhI cAhate haiM / devatA ho yA mAnava, bhalA aisA kauna sA prANI hai jise anna pyArA na ho ? jo anna kA zraddhA se dAna karate haiM, atyanta prasanna citta se, unhIM ko vaha anna prApta hotA hai / isa loka meM aura paraloka meM bhI 216 mahAtmA buddha se pUchA gayA-bhagavan ! kyA dene vAlA bala detA hai ? buddha ne kahA - anna dene vAlA bala detA hai ? 33 anyatra bhI mahAtmA buddha ne kahA hai - 'jo manuSya bhojana detA hai vaha lene vAle ko cAra vastueM detA hai-varNa, sukha, bala aura prayu / usakA phala dene vAle ko devAyu, divyavarNaM, divya sukha, aura divya bala'4 ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai / vaidika saMskRti ke amaragAyaka vyAsa kahate haiM - " anna hI manuSyoM kA prAraNa hai, usI se prANI utpanna hote haiM / sArA saMsAra anna ke sahAre TikA hai / ataH annadAna saba se adhika prazaMsanIya hai / jo vyakti durbala, vidvAn, jIvikAhIna evaM duHkhI vyakti ko anna dekara usakI kSudhA miTAtA hai, usake samAna saMsAra meM koI nahIM / saba dAnoM meM annadAna zreSTha hai, ataH dharma kI icchA rakhane vAle manuSya 'ko sarala bhAva se anna kA dAna karanA cAhie / " 2. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 199 saMyukta nikAya prathama bhAga, anna sutta 1|5|3 saMyukta nikAya prathama bhAga, ki dadaM sutta 11512 aMguttaranikAya 48 prANAnna manuSyANAM tasmAjjantuzca jAyate / anne pratiSThito lokastasmAdanna prazasyate // - mahAbhArata, anuzAsana, zra0 112 ilo0 11 kRzAya kRtavidyAya vRttikSINAya sodate / apahanyAt kSudhAM yastu, na tena puruSaH samaH // - mahAbhArata anuzAsana parva, zra0 56 zlo0 11 sarveSAmeva dAnAnAmannaM zra eSThamudAhRtam / pUrvamantra pradAtavyamRjunA dharmamicchatA / - mahAbhArata anuzAsana parva, a0 112 ilo0 110

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dharma kA pravezadvAra : dAna 217 abhayadAna : kisI marate hue prANI ko bacAnA, saMkaTa meM par3e hue kA uddhAra karanA, use nirbhaya banAnA abhayadAna hai / + bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra ne kahA-dAnoM meM zreSTha abhayadAna hai|8 padmapurANakAra ne to kahA hai ki abhayadAna se bar3hakara anya dAna nahIM hai| jo vidvAn saba jIvoM ko abhayadAna karatA hai vaha isa saMsAra meM niHsaMdeha prANadAtA mAnA jAtA hai / 100 abhayadAna pAkara prANI ko jo sukha hotA hai vaha apUrva hai| vartamAna yuga meM mAnava bhaya se kA~pa rahA hai| vijJAna ke prakharaprakAza meM bhI saMsAra patha-bhraSTa ho rahA hai / samara devatA kI bhayAnaka jIbha vizva ko nigalane ke lie lapalapA rahI hai| tIna araba kaNThoM kI prArta-vANo hai-'mAnavatA saMkaTApanna hai, zAnti kI mAsUma bulabule chaTapaTA rahI haiN| ataH aise mAI ke lAla kI AvazyakatA hai, jo mAnavoM ko bhaya se mukta kara abhaya pradAna kre| + jaM korai parirakkhA NiccaM maraNabhayabhIrujIvANaM / taM jANa abhayadANaM sihAmaNI savvadANANaM / -vasunandi zrAvakAcAra 238 (kha) bhavatyabhayadAnaM tu, jIvAnAM vadhavarjanam / mano-vAkkAyaiH karaNa-kAraNA'numatairapi // -triSaSThi0 1111157 (ga) vadhasya varjanaM teSvabhayadAnaM taducyate / --triSaSThi0 1 / 1 / 166 18. dANANa seTTha abhayappayANaM / -sUtrakRtAMga 06 gA0 23 66. abhayaH sarvabhUtAnAM, nAsti dAnamataH param / / -padmapurANa 100. sarvabhUteSu yo vidvAn, dadAtyabhayadakSiNAm / dAtA bhavati loke saH, prajAnAM nAtra saMzayaH // -mahAbhArata anu0 pra0 115 zlo0 18

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218 dharma aura darzana jJAnadAna : jJAna ke abhAva meM mAnava andhA hai| aMdhe ko netra milane para jitanI prasannatA hotI hai, usase bhI adhika ajJAnI ko jJAna prApta hone para hotI hai| jJAnadAna se hI prANI hitAhita tathA tattva atattva ko jAnatA hai aura vrata ko grahaNa karatA hai / 1 pahale jJAna hai, phira dayA hai / 102 dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa cAroM hI puruSArtha jJAna ke dvArA siddha hote haiN| ataH jJAnadAna dene vAlA ina cAroM ko pAne kA adhikArI hotA hai / 13 jala, anna, gau, bhUmi, vastra, tila, suvarNa tathA ghata jaise padArthoM ke dAna se jJAna kA dAna kahIM adhika utkRSTa hai|04 dAna dharma kA zilAnyAsa hai| isa zilAnyAsa para hI dharma kA suhAvanA saudha nimita ho sakatA hai| eDIsana ke zabdoM meM dAna hI dharma kA pUrNatva aura usakA AbhUSaraNa hai / 105 vikTara hyago ne kahA hai, jyoM hI parsa (baTugrA) rikta hotA hai, hRdaya samRddha hotA hai|06 dAna asaMkhya pApoM kA chAdana karane vAlA hai, ataH isa sanAtana niyama ko smaraNa rakho ki yadi tuma prApta karanA cAhate ho to arpita karanA siikho|08 dAna 'prijarva' nahIM kintu 'yo' hai| mausama para 101. jJAnadAnena jAnAti, jantuH svasya hitAhitam / vetti jIvAditattvAni, viratiM ca samaznute / / -triSaSThi zalAkA puruSa caritra 1111155 102. paDhamaM nANaM tao dayA / -dazavakAlika, a04 103. AcArya amitagati, 104. sarveSAmeva dAnAnAM, brahmadAnaM viziSyate / vAryannagomahIvAsastilakAJcanasarpiSAm // -manusmRti 4 / 133 105. jnyaangNgaa| 106. amrvaannii| 107. pITara mahAn / 108. subhASacandra bosa /

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dharma kA praveza dvAra : dAna kolDa sToreja meM grAma Adi rakha diye jAte haiM aura mausama bIta jAne para nikAla liye jAte haiM / isa prakAra rakSita kara rakhanA 'prijarva' hai / kintu grAma kA bIja bote haiM, usameM aMkura phUTate haiM, TahaniyAM AtI haiM, phUla khilate haiM phala lagate haiM, yaha saba saMvardhana 'gro' hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki dAna vRddhi kA kAraNa hai / hirAta kA zekha abdulA ansAra apane ziSyoM se kahatA thAziSyo ! prakAza meM ur3anA koI camatkAra nahIM hai, kyoMki gandI se gaMdI makkhiyA~ bhI prakAza meM ur3a sakatI haiM / pula yA nAva ke binA bhI nadiyoM ko pAra kara jAnA koI camatkAra nahIM hai, kyoMki eka sAdhAraNa kuttA bhI aisA kara sakatA hai / kintu duHkhI hRdayoM ko sahAyatA denA, dAna denA eka aisA camatkAra hai, jise pavitrAtmA hI kiyA karate haiM / jo jIvana meM dharma kI ArAdhanA va sAdhanA karanA cAhate haiM, unheM sarva prathama dAna vRtti apanAnA cAhie / S 216

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gyAraha mahAvIra ke siddhAnta zramaNa bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra yugapravartaka krAntikArI aura sUkSma draSTA mahApuruSa the| jisa yuga meM ve janme the usa yuga meM mAnava avidyA aura rUr3hiyoM kI jaMjIroM se jakar3A huA thA / bhISaNa atyAcAra panapa rahe the / mAnavatA kA koI sammAna nahIM thaa| jAtivAda ko khulakara prazraya prApta thA / dharma ke nAma para hajAroM mUka prANiyoM kI hI nahIM, apitu mAnavoM kI bhI bali dI jAtI thii| unake karuNa krandana se bhI dharmadhvajiyoM ke hRdaya dravita nahIM hote the / andhaparamparA ke nibiDatama andhakAra se logoM kI A~kha kholane kI zakti ekadama kSINa ho cukI thii| ve bilakula asahAya aura vivaza the| usa vikaTa-velA meM dIrgha tapasvI aura sAdhanA ke kaSopala para kase hue mahAvIra eka nUtana sandeza lekara aaye| unhoMne bhUle-bhaTake jIvanarAhiyoM ko prazasta patha kA pradarzana karate hue akAratrayIahiMsA, aparigraha aura anekAnta kI divya dezanA dii| prastuta akAratrayI meM mahAvIra kI samagra vANI kA sAra hai, zeSa jo kucha bhI hai-isI kA vistAra hai| ahiMsA : bhagavAn ne kahA-hiMsA granthi hai, moha hai, mRtyu hai, naraka hai|' etadartha hI vIra puruSa ahiMsA ke rAjapatha para cala par3e haiM, tuma bhI 1. esa khalu ganthe, esa khalu mohe, esa khalu mAre, esa khalu nnire| -prAcArAMga 1 / 3 / 23 2. paNayA vIrA mahAvIhi / -prAcArAMga zru0 1, a0 1 u0 3

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mahAvIra ke siddhAnta 221 clo| prANa, bhUta, jIva sattva kI hiMsA na karo, una para zAsana mata karo, unako pIr3ita mata karo, una para prahAra mata kro| jJAniyoM ke jJAna kA sAra yahI hai ki vaha kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA na kre| sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM cAhatA, ataH nirgantha prANivadha kA varjana karate haiN| sabhI prANiyoM ko apane prANa priya haiM, sukha anukUla hai aura duHkha pratikUla hai| jaise mujhe duHkha priya nahIM hai, vaise hI saba jIvoM ko bhI duHkha priya nahIM hai| yaha samajhakara jo na svayaM hiMsA karatA hai aura na dUsaroM se hiMsA karavAtA hai vahI zramaNa hai| isa prakAra hiMsA kA niSedha kara use naraka le jAne kA pramukha kAraNa batAkara bhagavAn ne mAnava ko ahiMsA ke rAjamArga para bar3hane . kI preraNA dii| unhoMne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA-manasA, vAcA, karmaNA jo svayaM jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai, dUsaroM se karavAtA hai, yA jo jIva 3. savve pANA, sabve bhUyA, savve jIvA, savve sattA na hantavvA / na majjAveyavvA, na parighetanyA, na pariyAyevvA, na uddaveyanvA / / -AcArAMga 1 / 4 / 1 4. evaM khu nANiNo sAraM, jaM na hiMsaI kiMcaNa / -sUtrakRtAMga zru0 1, a0 11 gA0 10 5. savve jIvA vi icchanti, joviu na marijji, tamhA pANivahaM ghoraM, NigganthA vajjayaMti NaM / -vazavakAlika, 610 6. savve pANA piyAuyA suhasAyA duhapaDikUlA appiyavahA piya jIviNo jiiviukaamaa| sabvesi jIviyaM piyaM / / -prAcArAMga 112 / 3 7. jaha mama na piyaM dukhaM, jANiya emeva savva jIvANaM na haNai na haNAvei a, samamaNai teNa so samaNo / -anuyoga dvAra 8. mahAraMbhayAe mahApariggahiyAe, paMcidiya vaheNaM, kuNimAhAreNaM / -bhagavatI zataka 39

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222 dharma aura darzana hiMsA kA anumodana karatA hai vaha vaira kI vRddhi karatA hai / ataH prAraNImAtra ko prAtmatulya smjho|" unhoMne hiMsAtmaka yajJoM ke sthAna para ahiMsAtmaka Atma-yajJa kA nirUpaNa kiyaa|" __ ahiMsA kA mahattva pratipAdita karate hue bhagavAn ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA-isa virAT vizva meM ahiMsA hI bhagavatI hai|12 vaha bhaya-bhItoM ke lie zaraNa hai, pakSiyoM ke lie pAMkha hai, pipAsutroM ke lie pAnI hai, bhUkhoM ke lie anna hai, samudra yAtriyoM ke lie pota hai, catuSpadoM ke lie prAzrama-sthala hai, rogiyoM ke lie auSadha hai, vana yAtriyoM ke lie sAtha (kAphilA) hai, ahiMsA sabhI ke lie kalyANakArI hai|'3 ahiMsA utkRSTa maMgala hai / 14 zramaNadharma aura zrAvakadharma kI 9. sayaM'tivAyae pANe, aduvannehi ghAyae / haNantaM vANujANAi, varaM vaDhA appaNo / --sUtrakRtAMga 11111-3 10. attasame manijja chappikAye / -dazavakAlika 10-5 (kha) Ayatule payAsu / --sUtra kRtAMga 1 / 1013 tavo joI, jIvo joiThANaM, jogA suyA sarIraM kArisaMgaM, kammehA saMjamajogasantI, homaM huNAmi isiNaM pasatthaM / -uttarANyayana sUtra 12 / 44 12. esA sA bhagavatI ahiMsA / -prazna vyAkaraNa 13. jA sA bhIyANa viva saraNaM, pakkhorA piva gamaNaM, tisiyANaM piva salilaM, khuhiyANaM piva asaNaM, samuddamajjhe va potavahaNaM, cauppayAlaM va bAsamapayaM, duhaTThiyAraNaM ca osahibalaM, aDavImajjhe visatthagamaNa ....tasathAvarasavvabhUyakhemakarI esA bhagavatI ahiNsaa| -prazna vyAkaraNa, saMvaradvAra 14. dazavakAlika 111

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mahAvIra ke siddhAnta .15 sAdhanA hiMsA ke vinA saMbhava nahIM hai / ataH mahAvIra ne mahAvrata' aura aNuvrata meM hiMsA ko prathama sthAna diyA / - 16 18 yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki zramaNa bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra hiMsA siddhAMta kevala niSedhAtmaka hI nahIM, apitu vidheyAtmaka bhI hai | praznavyAkaraNa meM ahiMsA ke jo sATha paryAyavAcI nAma batAye haiM, ve ahiMsA ke virAT svarUpa ke yA usake vividha rUpoM ke nirdezaka haiM / unameM gyArahavAM nAma dayA hai / 17 prAcArya zrI malayagiri ne usakA artha 'dehadhArI jIvoM kI rakSA karanA' kiyA hai|' ahiMsA ke jahA~ neka nAma niSedhAtmaka haiM vahA~ aneka nAma vidheyAtmaka bhI haiM, jaise rakSA, dayA, abhaya Adi / " niSkarSa yaha hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke virAT hisAtatva ko samajhane ke lie ahiMsA ke donoM pahaluoM ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai / gAndhI jI ne bhI kahA hai - jahA~ dayA nahIM, vahA~ hiMsA nahIM" 2deg astu / aparigraha bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra ne aparigraha kA sandeza dete hue kahA" vastu apane Apa meM parigraha nahIM hai, kintu vastu ke prati mUrcchA bhAva hI vastutaH parigraha hai / 21 parigraha eka prakAra kA baMdhana hai / saMsAra ke 15. ahiMsasaccaM ca ateNagaM ca tato ya baMbhaM ca aparigyahaM ca / paDivajjiyA paMca mahavvayAI, carijja dhammaM jiNadesiyaM biU || - uttarAdhyayana, 21 22 16. 17. 18. 16. 20. 21. 223 upAsaka dazAMga a0 1 praznavyAkaraNa saMvaradvAra dayAdehirakSA | prazna zyAkaraNa saMvaradvAra / gAndhIvANI pR0 17 mucchA pariggaho vRtto, ii vRttaM mahesiNA / - dazavekAlika zra0 6 / gA0 20

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224 dharma aura darzana sabhI prANiyoM ko parigraha ne jakar3a rakkhA hai| isase bar3hakara anya koI bhI baMdhana nahIM hai / 22 ___ jo mamattvabuddhi kA tyAga karatA hai, vahI vyakti mamatva kA bhI tyAga karatA hai, vahI saccA aura acchA sAdhaka hai| jise kisI bhI prakAra kA mamattva nahIM hai / 23 saccA sAdhaka apane tana para bhI mamattva nahIM rakhatA / 24 ___ jo vyakti artha ko anartha kA kAraNa na mAnakara use amRta mAnatA hai aura use prApta karane ke lie pApakRtya karatA hai, vaha karmoM ke dRr3ha pAza meM bandha jAtA hai, aneka jIvoM ke sAtha vairAnubandha kara anta meM virAT vaibhava ko yahIM chor3akara ekAkI naraka meM jAtA hai / 25 padArtha sasIma hai aura tRSNA asIma hai, AkAza ke samAna ananta hai| sUvarNa, rajata ke asaMkhya parvata bhI lobhI mAnava ke dila meM paritRpti utpanna nahIM kara sakate / virAT vaibhava bhI usake mana ko pramudita nahIM kara sakatA, vaha samajhatA hai--yaha bahuta hI kama hai|" 22. natthi eriso pAso, paDibaMdho atthi svv-jiivaannN| -praznavyAkaraNa je mamAia maI jahAi, se jahAi mamAigraM / sehu diTThabhaemuNI jassa natthi mmaaiaN|| -prAdhArAMga 24. avi appaNo vi dehammi nA''yaraMti mamAiyaM / -dazavaikAlika 25. je pAvakammehiM dhaNa maNUsA, samAyayantI amaI gahAya / pahAya te pAsapayaTThie nare, verAgubaddhA jarayaM urvati / -uttarAdhyayana, pra0 4 gA0 2 26. suvaNNarUvassa u pavvayA bhave siyA hu kelAsasamA asaMkhayA / narassa luddhassa na tehi kiMci .. icchA hu AgAsasamA aNaMtiyA // -uttarAdhyayana a06 / gA0 48

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mahAvIra ke siddhAnta 225 Aga meM kitanA hI Idhana DAlA jAya vaha kabhI tuSTa nahIM hotI, sAgara meM cAhe kitanI hI saritAeM gireM use tRpti nahIM hotii|' yahI avasthA mAnavamana kI hai| etadartha mahAvIra ne icchAoM ke niyaMtraNa para bala diyaa| dhana ko hI jIvana kA dhyeya samajhane vAloM ko mahAvIra ne kahAdhana isa loka aura paraloka meM tumhArI kahIM bhI rakSA nahIM kara sakatA, ataH dhana ko nahIM, dharma ko mahattva do / dharma hI saccA rakSaka aura sahI zaraNa hai / 28 anekAnta : zramaraNa bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra ne anekAnta kA sandeza dete hae kahA-tattva utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya yukta hai / 29 satya kA parijJAna karane ke lie apekSita hai ki vastu kA sabhI dRSTiyoM se cintana kiyA jAya / jo vastu nitya pratIta hotI hai, vaha anitya bhI hai| jo vastu kSaNika hai vaha nitya bhI hai| jahA~ nityatA hai vahA~ anityatA bhI hai / anityatA ke abhAva meM nityatA kI prattIti nahIM ho sakatI, aura nityatA ke abhAva meM anityatA kI pahacAna nahIM ho sakatI hai| eka kI pratIti dvitIya kI pratIti se hI saMbhava hai / anekAneka anitya pratItiyoM ke madhya jahAM eka sthira pratIti hotI hai, baha dhrauvya hai| saba jJAnoM kI viSayabhUta vastu anekAntAtmaka hotI hai| ataH 27. vitteNa tANaM na labhe pamatta, imammi loe aduvA paratthA / -uttarAdhyayana pr04|gaa05 25. eko hu dhammo naradeva ! tANaM na vijjae annamiheha kiNci|| -uttarA0 a0 14140 26. uppannei vA, vigamei vA, dhuvei vaa| -sthAnAGga sUtra, ThA0 10 30. anekAntAtmakaM vastu gocaraM sarvasaMvidAm / -nyAyAvatAra, siddhasena

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226 dharma aura darzana vastu ko anekAntAtmaka kahA hai| jisameM aneka artha, bhAva, sAmAnya vizeSa. guNaparyAya rUpa se pAye jAyeM vaha anekAnta hai| aura anekAntAtmaka vastutattva ko bhASA ke dvArA kathana karanA syAdvAda hai / bhagavAn ne anekAnta kI dRSTi se dekhA aura syAdvAda kI bhASA meM usakA pratipAdana kiyaa| bhagavadvANI sadA syAdvAdamayI hotI hai|33 'syAt' yaha avyaya anekAnta kA dyotaka hai / ataH syAdvAda ko anekAntavAda bhI kahate haiN|34 satya kA samudghATana karane ke lie bhagavAn ne pratyeka prazna kA uttara apekSA dRSTi se diyA / yathA jayantI-bhagavan ! sonA acchA hai yA jAganA ! mahAvIra-kitaneka jIvoM kA sonA acchA hai aura kitaneka jIvoM kA jAganA acchA hai| jayantI-bhagavan ! yaha kaise ? mahAvIra-jo jIva adharmI haiM, adharmAnuga haiM, adharmaniSTha haiM, adharmAkhyAyI haiM, adharmapralokI haiM, adharmapraraJjana haiM, adharmasamAcAra haiM, adhArmika-vattiyukta haiM, ve sote raheM, yahI acchA hai| kyoMki ve sote raheMge to aneka jIvoM ko pIr3A nahIM deNge| aura isa prakAra sva, para aura ubhaya ko adhArmika kriyA meM saMlagna nahIM kareMge, ataH unakA sonA zreSTha hai| kintu jo jIva dhArmika haiM. dharmAnuga haiM yAvat dhArmika vRtti vAle haiM unakA to jAganA hI zreSTha hai / kyoMki ve aneka jIvoM 31. atho'nekAntaH / aneke antA bhAvA arthAH sAmAnyavizeSaguNa paryAyAH yasya so'nekAntaH / 32. anekAntAtmakArthakathanaM syAdvAdaH / / -laghIyastraya TokA 62 akalaMka 33. syAdvAdaH bhagavatpravacanam / -nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa pa0 364 34. syAdityavyayamanekAntadyotakaM, tataH syAdvAdo'nekAntavAdaH / -- syAdvAda maMjarI kA0 5

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sahAvIra ke siddhAnta ko sukha dete haiM, sva, para aura ubhaya ko dhArmika anuSThAna meM saMlagna karate haiM, ataeva unakA jAganA hI zreSTha hai| jayantI-bhagavan ! balavAn honA zreSTha hai yA durbala honA ? mahAvIra-kucha jIvoM kA balavAn honA zreSTha hai aura kucha kA durbala honaa| jayantI-yaha kaise ? mahAvIra--jo jIva adhArmika haiM, yAvat adhArmika vRtti vAle haiM, unakA durbala honA zreSTha hai| ve balavAn hoMge to aneka jIvoM ko kaSTa deMge / jo jIva dhArmika haiM yAvat dhArmika vRtti vAle haiM unakA balavAn honA zreSTha haiM kyoM ki ve balavAna hone se adhika jIvoM ko sukha pahu~cAyeMge isa prakAra alasatva aura dakSatva ke prazna kA uttara bhI vibhAga karake diyaa| gautama-bhagavan ! Adra guDa meM kitane varNa haiM kitane gaMdha haiM kitane rasa haiM aura kitane sparza haiM ? ___ bhagavAn gautama ! do naya haiM-nizcaya naya aura vyavahAra naya / vyavahAra naya se prArdra guDa meM madhuratA hai, aura nizcaya naya se pA~ca varNa haiM, do gaMdha haiM, pA~ca rasa haiM aura ATha sparza haiM / 36 gautama-bhagavan ! mramara meM kitane varNa haiM ? - bhagavAn-gautama ! vyavahAra naya kI dRSTi se bhramara kAlA hai, eka 35. 36. bhamavalI 12 / 2 / 443 phANiyabule zaM bhante ! kaivanne kaigandhe kairase kaiphAse paNNatta ? ___ goyamA ! ettharaNaM do nayA bhavanti, taM jahA nicchaiyanae ya vAvahAriyanae ya, vAvahAriyanayassa goDDe phANiyamule, necchaiyanayassa paMcavanne dugaMdhe paMcarase aTThaphAse / -bhagavatI zataka 186

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228 dharma aura darzana varNa vAlA hai kintu nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se usameM zveta, kRSNa, nIla Adi pA~coM varNa haiN| isI prakAra rAkha aura zuka-piccha39 ke sambandha meM jijJAsA vyakta karane para bhagavAn ne vyavahAra aura nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se uttara pradAna kiye| mahAtmA buddha ne loka, jIva Adi kI nityatA, anityatA, sAntatA aura anantatA ke praznoM ko avyAkRta kahakara TAla diyaa| kintu bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra ne una praznoM ke uttara vividha rUpa se pradAna kiye / mahAtmA buddha ne aAtmA Adi ke sambandha meM cintana karanA sAdhaka ke lie anUcita mAnA hai| use--"ayonisomanasikAravicAra kA ayogya DhaMga kahA hai| "ayonisomanasikAra" se Azrava utpanna hote haiM aura utpanna prAzrava vRddhigata hote haiN| parantu bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra ne sAdhanA kI dRSTi se jIva, loka prAdi kAjJAna Avazyaka mAnA hai / 42 jaba taka ina bAtoM kA jJAna nahIM hotA, taba taka koI 37. bhamare NaM bhante ! kaivaNNe pucchA ? goyamA ! etthaNaM do nayA bhavanti taM jahA NicchaiyaNae ya, vAvahAriyaNae ya / vAvahAriyaNayassa kAlae bhamare, NicchaiyaNayassa paMcavaNe jAva aTTha phAse / / -bhagavatI zataka 1816 38. chAriyANaM bhante ! pucchA ? goyamA ! 'ettharaNaM do nayA bhavanti taM jahA-NicchaiyaNae ya, vAvahAriyaNaeya / vAvahAriyaNayassa lukkhA chAriyA, Necchaiyassa paMca vaNNe jAva aTThaphAse paNNatta / -bhagavatI zataka 1816 supiccheraNaM bhante ! kaivaNNe paNNatta ! evaM ceva NavaraM vAvahAriya. Nayassa gIlae suapicche, Necchaiyassa Nayarasa sesantaM ceva / -bhagavatI 1816 40. majjhimanikAya cUlamAlukyasutta 63 / 41. majjhimanikAya-savvAsavasutta 2 42. ihamegesi no sannA bhavai taM jahA-purasthimAo vA disAo Agao ahamaMsi, dAhiNAo vA....annayarIyAo vA disAo vA aNudisAo 36

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mahAvIra ke siddhAnta bhI jIva AtmavAdI, lokavAdI, karmavAdI aura kriyAvAdI nahIM ho sakatA / ataH AtmA Adi ke viSaya meM cintana karanA saMvara aura mokSa lAbha kA kAraNa mAnA hai / 43 loka zAzvata hai yA prazAzvata hai ? isa prazna ke uttara meM mahAvIra ne kahA jamAli ! loka zAzvata bhI hai aura prazAzvata bhI hai| trikAla meM eka bhI aisA samaya nahIM mila sakatA jaba loka na ho, ataeva loka zAzvata hai / vaha prazAzvata bhI hai, kyoMki loka hamezA ekarUpa nahIM rahatA / avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI kAla meM avanati aura unnati hotI rahatI hai / kAlakrama se loka meM vividharUpatA grAtI rahatI hai, ataH loka anitya hai, prazAzvata hai / 44 loka sAnta hai yA ananta hai ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA- skandaka ! loka ko cAra prakAra se jAnA 43. 226 44. vA Agao ahamaMsi / evamegesi no nAyaM bhavai - atthi me AyA uvavAie, natthi me AyA uvavAie, ke ahaM AsI, ke vA io cuo iha peccA bhavissAmi ? "se jaM puNa jANejjA sahasammaiyAe, paravAgararaNeNaM, annesi vA antie soccA / taM jahA - puratthimAo.... evamegesi nAyaM bhavaiatthi me AyA uvavAie jo hamAo disAo aradisAo vA praNusaMcarai sabdAo disAo aNudisAo, sohaM - se AyAvAI, logAvAI kammAbAI kiriyAvAI | - AcArAMga 1 -111 2-3 iha AgaI gaI parinnAya accei jAimaraNassa vahumagaM vikkhAyarae | -- zrAcArAMga 1 / 5 / 6 sAsae loe jamAlI, janna kathAvi NAsI No kayAvi Na bhavati yAviNa bhavissai, bhuvi ca bhavai ya, bhavissai ya dhuve jitie sAsae akkhae avvae avaTThie Nicce / asAsae loe jamAlI ! o oppaNI bhavittA usappiNI bhavai / - bhagavatI sUtra 633 / 387

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230 dharma aura darzana jAtA hai-dravya se, kSetra se, kAla se, aura bhAva se / dravya kI apekSA se loka eka hai aura sAnta hai| kSetra kI apekSA se loka asaMkhyAta yojana koTAkoTi vistAra aura asaMkhyAta yojana koTAkoTi parikSepa pramANa vAlA hai, ataH kSetra kI apekSA se loka sAnta hai| kAla kI apekSA se koI kAla aisA nahIM jaba loka na ho, ataH loka dhra va hai, niyata hai, zAzvata hai, akSaya hai, avyaya hai, avasthita hai, nitya hai / usakA kabhI anta nahIM hai / bhAva kI apekSA se loka ke ananta varNaparyAya, gaMdhaparyAya, rasaparyAya aura sparzaparyAya haiN| ananta saMsthAnaparyAya haiM, ananta gurulaghuparyAya haiM, ananta agurulaghuparyAya haiN| usakA koI anta nahIM / ataH loka dravya dRSTi se sAnta hai, kSetra dRSTi se sAnta hai, kAla dRSTi se ananta hai, bhAvadRSTi se ananta hai / 45 / jIva zAzvata hai yA azAzvata hai, prazna kA uttara dete hae bhagavAn ne kahA-gautama ! jIva kisI dRSTi se zAzvata hai, kisI dRSTi se 45. evaM khalu mae khandayA ! caunvihe loe paNNatte, taM jahA dabvao, khetao, kAlao, bhaavo| davvao NaM ege loe sagraMte / khettamao NaM loe asaMkhejjAo joyaNakoDAkor3Io AyAmavikvaMbheNaM, asaMkhejjAbo joyaNa koDAkoDIo parikkheveNaM pannatta, atthipuNa sote / kAlayo raNaM loe , kayAvi na Asi, na kayAvi na bhavati, na kayAvi na bhavissati / bhavisu ya bhavati ya bhavissai ya, dhUve Nitie sAsate, akkhae, avvae, avaTThie, Nicce, Nasthi puNa se aMte / bhAvao NaM loe aNaMtA vaNNapajjavA gaMdhapajjavA rasapajjavA phAsapajjavA aNaMtA saMThANapajjavA, aNaMtA garuyalahuyapajjavA aNaMtA agarulahuyapajjavA natthi puNa se ante / se ta khandagA ! davvao loe saaMte, khettao loe saante. kAlato loe aNante, bhAvato loe aNante / -bhagavatI 2 / 110

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mahAvIra ke siddhanta 231 azAzvata hai / dravyArthika dRSTi se zAzvata hai aura bhAvAthika paryAyArthika dRSTi se azAzvata hai|46 ___ dravya dRSTi kA artha hai abhedavAdI dRSTi aura paryAyadRSTi kA artha hai bhedavAdI dRSTi / dravyadRSTi se jIva meM jIvatvasAmAnya kA kabhI abhAva nahIM hotA, vaha kisI bhI avasthA meM ho, jIva hI rahatA hai, ajIva nahIM hotaa| ataH vaha nitya hai| paryAya daSTi se jIva kisI na kisI paryAya meM rahatA hai| eka paryAya kA parityAga kara anya paryAya ko grahaNa karatA rahatA hai, ataH anitya hai| ___jIva sAnta hai yA ananta hai, isa prazna kA uttara dete hue bhagavAn ne kahA jIva sAnta bhI hai aura ananta bhI hai| dravya kI dRSTi se eka jIva sAnta hai| kSetra kI apekSA se bhI jIva asaMkhyAtapradezayukta hone se sAnta hai / kAla kI dRSTi se jIva bhUtakAla meM thA, vartamAna meM hai aura bhaviSyat kAla meM rahegA, ataH ananta hai| bhAva kI apekSA se jIva ke ananta jJAnaparyAya, ananta darzana paryAya, ananta cAritra paryAya aura ananta agurulaghu paryAya haiM, ataH ananta hai|40 tAtparya yaha hai ki dravya aura kSetra kI dRSTi se jIva sAnta hai aura kAla tathA bhAva kI dRSTi se ananta hai| 46. jIvA NaM bhante ! ki sAsayA asAsayA ? goyamA ! jIvA siya sAsayA siya asaasyaa| goyamA davaTThayAe sAsayA, bhAvaThThayAe asAsayA / / -bhagavatI 7 / 2 / 273 47. je vi ya khandayA ! jAva saante jIva, tassa vi ya NaM eyamaThe-evaM khalu jAva davvao NaM ege jIve saante, khetao NaM jIve asaMkhejjapaesie asaMkhejjapaesogAr3he, atthi puNa se ante, kAlo NaM jIve na kayAvi na Asi jAva nicce, natthi puNa se ante, bhAvao Na jove aNantA NANapajjavA, aNantA vesaNapajjavA, aNantAcarittapajjavA, aNantA agurulahuyapajjavA, natthi puNa se ante / -bhagavatI0 2 / / 60

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232 dharma aura darzana bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dravya meM ekatA aura anekatA donoM dharma mAnya kiye haiN| bhagavAna ne kahA-somila ! dravyadRSTi se maiM eka huuN| jJAna aura darzana kI dRSTi se maiM do huuN| na parivartana hone vAle pradezoM kI dRSTi se maiM akSaya hU~, avyaya hU~, avasthita huuN| parivartita hone vAle upayoga kI dRSTi se maiM aneka huuN|48 isa prakAra bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra ne anekAnta dRSTi se pratyeka prAna kA samAdhAna kiyaa| virodhI pratIta hone vAle ekatva aura anekatva, nityatva aura anityatva, sAntatva aura anantatva, sattva aura asatva dharmoM kA anekAnta dRSTi se samanvaya kiyaa| yahA~ para yaha spaSTIkaraNa karanA Avazyaka hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kI : nekAnta dRSTi do ekAntoM ko milAne vAlI mizradRSTi nahIM hai / kintu yaha eka svatantra aura vilakSaNa dRSTi hai, jisameM vastu kA pUrNa rUpa parijJAta hotA hai aura vastu ke sabhI dharma nirvirodha rUpa se pratibhAsita hote haiN| bhagavAn ne apane zramaNoM ko bhI yaha Adeza diyA ki bhikSuo ! tuma syAdvAda bhASA kA hI prayoga kro|49 bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra kI vANI meM eka zAzvata satya thA, jo jana-mana ko chU gayA thaa| hiMsA, zoSaNa aura durAgraha ke sthAna para ahiMsA, aparigraha aura anekAnta kI amala-dhavala dhArA jana-mana meM pravAhita hone lgii| bhagavAna ke pAvana pravacanoM se pazu aura mAnavoM kI bali banda huI, ahiMsaka yajJa prArambha hue| gulAma prathA kA anta hamA, nArI aura zUdroM ko dharmAdhikAra prApta hue / aparigraha aura anekAnta kI prANapratiSThA huii| 48. somilA ! davvaTThayAe ege ahaM, NANadaMsaNaTThayAe duvihe ahaM, paesaTThayAe akkhae vi ahaM, avvae vi ahaM, avaTThie vi ahaM, uvaogaTThayAe aNegabhUyabhAvabhavie vi ahaM / -bhagavatI 110 46. bhikkhu vibhajjavAyaM ca viyAgarejjA / -sUtrakRtAGga 1 / 14 / 32

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mahAvIra ke siddhAnta 233 Aja vijJAna aura vinAza kI isa kasamasAtI velA meM bhagavAna. mahAvIra ke ahiMsA, aparigraha aura anekAnta dRSTi ke pracAra kI utanI hI AvazyakatA hai, jitanI usa yuga meM thii| yaha dezanAtrayI mAnavasamAja ke lie eka amRtopama auSadhi hai, jisake sevana se mAnava samAja pUrNa svastha, masta aura prasanna ho sakatA hai| jaba vicAra meM anekAnta, vyavahAra meM ahiMsA aura samAja meM aparigraha kI udAtta bhAvanA aThakheliyAM karane lagegI taba jana-jana ke jIvana meM Ananda kI miyA~ taraMgita hoNgo| ahiMsA, aparigraha aura anekAnta hI bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUlabhUta siddhAnta haiM - inameM bhAratIya saMskRti kA sAra saMgRhIta hai| samAja, rASTra aura jIvana meM sarvatra sukha aura santoSa kA saMcAra karanA hI isakA mUla dhyeya hai, jo purAtana hone para mI abhinava hai| cirantana hone para bhI ciranavIna hai|

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pariziSTa 'dharma aura darzana' meM prayukta grantha (1) prAcArAMga (2) carpaTapaMjarikA (3) mahAbhArata (4) dazavakAlika (5) dazavakAlika -jinadAsa cUNi (6) dazavaikAlika-hAribhadrIyAvRtti (7) dazavakAlika-agasyasiMha cUNi (8) vaizeSika darzana (8) sarvadarzana saMgraha TIkA-mAdhavAcArya (10) bahadAraNyopaniSad (11) uttarAdhyayana (12) gItA (13) bauddha darzana (14) aMguttara nikAya (15) sUtrakRtAGga (16) sthAnAGga (17) Avazyaka niyukti prAcArya bhadrabAhu (18) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya-jinabhadra (19) sUtrakRtAGga-zIlA TIkA (20) bhagavatI (21) yogadarzana (22) taittirIya upaniSad (23) manusmRti (24) samavAyAGga (25) kalpasUtra-bhadrabAhu

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236 dharma aura darzana (26) kalpasUtra-puNyavijaya jI (27) kalpasUtra subodhikA TIkA (28) kalpasUtra-kalpadra ma kalikA (26) kalpasUtrArtha prabodhinI-rAjendrasUri (30) kalpasUtra kalpalatA (3 :) kalpasUtra kalpArthabodhinI (32) jambUdvIpa prajJapti (33) majjhima nikAya (34) anuttaropapAtika (35) antakRddazA (36) Avazyaka cUNi-jinadAsagaNI mahattara (37) Avazyaka sUtra-malayagirivRtti (38) Avazyaka sUtra-hAribhadrIyA vRtti (36) samavAyAGga-abhayadeva vRtti (40) triSaSThizalAkA puruSacarita-prAcArya hemacandra (41) uttarAdhyayana-nemicandrIya vRtti (42) tatvArtha sUtra-umAsvAti (43) tatvArtha sUtra-rAjavArtika (44) mUlAcAra-baTTakera (45) mokSapAhuDa-prAcArya kundakunda (46) saMthAra painnA (47) jJAnasAra tapASTaka-upAdhyAya yazovijaya (48) darzana aura cintana-paM0 sukhalAla jI (46) uttara purANa-guNacandrAcArya (50) mahApurANa-jinasenAcArya (51) gA~dhIjI kI sUktiyA~ (52) jJAtA sUtra (53) Ara0 viliyamsa, jaina yoga (54) vasunandI zrAvakAcAra (55) paMcAcAra vRtti (56) karmagraMtha TIkA

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pariziSTa (57) chahaDhAlA -- paM0 daulatarAma jI (58) ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra - (56) nizItha cUrNi - jinadAsa gaNI mahattara (60) vyavahAra bhASya (61) vRhatkalpa (62) nizItha sUtra (63) pannavagA sUtra (64) oghaniyukti (65) jJAnArNava - zubhacandra (66) paMcatantra - viSNu zarmA (67) dhammapada (68) vRhatkalpa laghubhASya ( 6 ) vinayapiTaka ( 70 ) dazAzrutaskandha (71) RSabhadeva : eka parizIlana - devendra muni ( 72 ) vRhatkalpa niyukti (73) rAjendra koSa (74) kauTalIya arthazAstra (75) mahAnizItha (76) darzana pAhuDa (77) manusaMhitA (78) SaT prAbhuta - zrAcArya samantabhadra (79) prazna vyAkaraNa (80) naMdI sUtra (81) yogasUtra - pataJjali (82) bauddha darzana (83) samayasAra - - prAcArya kundakuncha ( 84) dravya saMgraha - nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI (85) paramAtma prakAza (86) jJAna gaGgA (87) amara vANI 23:7

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pariziSTa 236 (119) paMcAdhyAyI-paM0 rAjamalla (120) loka prakAza-vinaya vijaya (121) gaNadharavAda-gujarAta vidhAsabhA, ahamadAbAda (122) vizuddhimagga (123) zAntizatakam (124) dvAtriMzikA (125) Sadarzana samuccaya TIkA (126) mahAvIra jIvana darzana- devendramuni (127) pratikramaNa sUtravRtti-prAcArya nami (128) pravacanasAra (126) prazastapAda bhASya-prazastapAda (130) mAThara bRtti (131) kaThopaniSad (132) milinda prazna (133) kathAvatthu (134) bhAratajJAna koSa (135) upadezamAlA, doSaTTI TIkA (136) jana-bhAvanagara (137) karmavAda : eka adhyayana :-sureza muni (138) samAja aura saMskRti-upAdhyAya pramara muni (136) zrI amara bhAratI, AgarA (140) pravacana sAroddhAra (141) dhavala siddhAnta, dhavalA TIkA (142) abhidhAna cintAmaNi (143) tiloyapaNNatti (144) vasudeva hiNDI (145) gatAgatI stoka (146) dazAzru taskaMdha-zrI ghAsIlAla jI ma. . (147) navatattva sAhitya saMgraha : (148) sthAnAGga-samavAyAGga-paM0 balasula mAlavaNiyA (146) niyamasAra-prAcArya kundakunda

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pariziSTa 236 (119) paMcAdhyAyI-paM0 rAjamalla (120) loka prakAza-vinaya vijaya (121) gaNadharavAda-gujarAta vidhAsabhA, ahamadAbAda (122) vizuddhimagga (123) zAntizatakam (124) dvAtriMzikA (125) Sadarzana samuccaya TIkA (126) mahAvIra jIvana darzana- devendramuni (127) pratikramaNa sUtravRtti-prAcArya nami (128) pravacanasAra (126) prazastapAda bhASya-prazastapAda (130) mAThara bRtti (131) kaThopaniSad (132) milinda prazna (133) kathAvatthu (134) bhAratajJAna koSa (135) upadezamAlA, doSaTTI TIkA (136) jana-bhAvanagara (137) karmavAda : eka adhyayana :-sureza muni (138) samAja aura saMskRti-upAdhyAya pramara muni (136) zrI amara bhAratI, AgarA (140) pravacana sAroddhAra (141) dhavala siddhAnta, dhavalA TIkA (142) abhidhAna cintAmaNi (143) tiloyapaNNatti (144) vasudeva hiNDI (145) gatAgatI stoka (146) dazAzru taskaMdha-zrI ghAsIlAla jI ma. . (147) navatattva sAhitya saMgraha : (148) sthAnAGga-samavAyAGga-paM0 balasula mAlavaNiyA (146) niyamasAra-prAcArya kundakunda

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240 dharma aura darzana (150) jaina darzana ---DA0 mohanalAla mehatA (151) prajJApanA TIkA (152) vinayacanda caubIsI (153) tatvArtha sUtra- paM0 sukhalAla jI kA vivecana (154) tattvArtha satra-~sarvArtha siddhi (155) tattvArtha sUtra-siddhasenavRtti (156) tattvArtha sUtra-zru tasAgarIyAvRtti (157) navatattva prakaraNa (158) nava padArtha (156) jaina darzana ke maulika tattva (160) jaina bhAratIkalakattA (161) dhanaJjaya nAmamAlA (162) mahAvIra kathA (163) jayadhavalA bhAga-1 (164) suttAgame (165) saptatizata sthAna prakaraNa-somatilaka sUri (166) Avazyaka bhASya (167) Rgveda (168) nItizataka (166) cANakya nIti (170) amitagatizrAvakAcAra (171) dharmarala prakaraNa / (172) samIcIna dharmazAstra (173) dvAdaza anuprekSA (174) yazastilaka campU (175) bhAva saMgraha (176) guNabhadra zrAvakAcAra (177) dAna pradIpa (178) kArtikeyAnuprekSA (179) AcArya amitagati

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pariziSTa (180) sukhavipAka (181) upAsakadazAGga (182) rAyapaseNIya sutta (183) dravya saMgraha, brahmadeva TIkA (184) pramANanayatattvAloka-vAdideva sUri (185) mAdhyamika kArikA (186) paTisaMbhidA (187) kauSItakI upaniSada (188) caraka saMhitA (189) tattva saMgraha (190) nyAyAvatAravArtika vRtti kI prastAvanA (161) mAgandiya suttanta (192) kumArapAla pratibodha-somaprabhAcArya (163) ziva gItA (194) The wonder world of why aud how. (165) dharma bindu-prAcArya haribhadra (166) dharma ratna prakaraNa-mahAmahopAdhyAya mAnavijaya gaNi (197) zrAddhaguNa vivaraNa-jinamaNDana gaNI (198) tattvAnuzAsana (196) adhyAtma saMgraha-upAdhyAya yazovijaya (200) aSTasahasrI-vidyAnandI (201) anyayogavyavaccheda dvAtriMzikA-prAcArya hemacandra (202) jainasUtrAja kI bhUmikA-DAkTara harmana jaikobI (203) samarAiccakahA-prAcArya haribhadra (204) nandIsUtra-malayagiri vRtti (205) paMcAstikAyaTIkA-zrI amRtacandra (206) sanmatitarka-siddhasena

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