Patanjalyoga evam Jainyoga ka Tulnatmak Adhyayana

Author(s): Aruna Anand
Publisher: B L Institute of Indology
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/001981/1

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana aruNA Ananda

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"mokkheNa joyaNAo joo savvo vi dhammavAvAro' mokSa se yojita karane vAlA arthAt mokSa kI ora le jAne vAlA samasta dharmavyApAra 'yoga' hai| jaina AcArya haribhadra dvArA nirUpita 'yoga' kI yaha paribhASA jahA~ jaina- paramparAgata vyAkhyA se bhinna pratIta hotI hai, vahIM pataJjali ke yoga lakSaNa 'yogazcittavRttinirodhaH ' ke samakakSa bhI hai| prAcIna jaina Agamika paramparA meM kAyika, vAcika evaM mAnasika pravRttiyoM ke artha meM pracalita 'yoga' zabda karma-bandha kA hetu hai, mokSa kA hetu nhiiN| mokSa ke hetu ke rUpa meM pracalita tapa aura dhyAna jaisI kriyAoM kA vivecana jaina AgamoM meM yatra-tatra upalabdha hai| cUMki yoga kA AdhAra AcAra hai, isalie prAcIna jaina granthoM meM yoga-sAdhanA kA pratipAdana AcArazAstra ke rUpa meM hI huA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki prAcIna jainayoga-paramparA meM pAtaJjalayoga ke samAna koI vyavasthita grantha nahIM likhA gayA thaa| paravartI kAla meM jainAcAryoM ne jainayoga kA nirUpaNa karate samaya maharSi pataJjali ke dvArA nirUpita aSTAMgayoga-paddhati ke sAtha samanvaya sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| jainayoga-sAdhanA kA vyavasthita evaM sarvAMgINa svarUpa prastuta karane vAle svataMtra va maulika granthoM kI racanA kA zubhArambha lagabhaga 8vIM zatI ke AsapAsa AcArya haribhadra ne kiyaa| unhoMne apane pUrvavartI yoga viSayaka vicAroM meM pracalita Agama-zailI kI pradhAnatA ko tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM evaM lokaruci ke anurUpa parivartita kara jainayoga kA eka aisA abhinava, vividhalakSI evaM samanvita rUpa prastuta kiyA, jo pAtaJjalayoga-sAdhanA ke samakakSa to thA hI, sAtha jaina paramparA ke siddhAtoM ke anurUpa bhI thaa| pazcAdvartI jaina AcAryoM ne unakA anusaraNa kara jainayoga- sAhitya ko samRddha karane meM apanA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyaa| prastuta pustaka meM A0 haribhadra, zubhacandra, hemacandra evaM upA0 yazovijaya ke yoga-granthoM ke AdhAra para pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karate hue donoM paramparAoM meM nihita sAmya, vaiSamya evaM vaiziSTya darzAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| ISBN: 81-208-1787-7 Jamation International Rs.695

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana

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B.L. Series No. 15 Patanjalayoga Evam Jainayoga Ka Tulanatmaka Adhyayana ARUNA ANAND MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PRIVATE LIMITED * DELHI & BHOGILAL LEHARCHAND INSTITUTE OF INDOLOGY * DELHI

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bI0 ela0 sIrIz2a kra0 15 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana aruNA Ananda motIlAla banArasIdAsa pablizarsa prAiveTa limiTeDa * dillI aura bhogIlAla leharacanda bhAratIya saMskRti saMsthAna * dillI

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prathama saMskaraNa: dillI, 2002 sarvAdhikAra lekhikAdhIna ISBN: 81-208-1787-7 vitaraka: motIlAla banArasIdAsa 8 mahAlakSmI caimbara, 22 bhulAbhAI desAI roDa, mumbaI 400 026 41 yU0e0baMgalo roDa, javAhara nagara, dillI 110007 236 nAiMtha mena I|| blAka, jayanagara, baMgalaura 560 011 sanAja plAjA, 1302 bAjIrAva roDa, puNe 411002 120 rAyapeTTA hAI roDa, mailApura, cennaI 600 004 8 kemeka sTrITa, kolakAtA 700 017 azoka rAjapatha, paTanA 800004 cauka, vArANasI 221001 mUlya: ru0695 prakAzaka: bhogIlAla leharacanda insTITyUTa oNpha iNDaoNlAjI, 20vaoN ki.mI., jI.TI. karanAla roDa, alIpura, dillI-110036 mudraka : jainendra prakAza jaina, zrI jainendra presa, e.-45 nArAyaNA, pheja-1, naI dillI 110 028

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zrIdalasukhamAlvaNiyA virAjate vidvadagraNIrguNavAn / grantho'yaM sazraddhaM samarpyate tasmA 'aruNayA ' //

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sampAdakIya cA "yoga" adhyAtma sAdhanA kI AtmA hai, usakA prANa hai, usakA mArga hai, aura mArga para ArUDha hone kA sAdhana bhI hai| "yogazcittavRttinirodhaH ke anusAra yoga sAdhana hai, kaivalya usakA sAdhya hai, aura aSTAMga yoga hai usakA maarg| "yogaH karmasu kauzalam - isa rUpa meM vaha adhyAtmaniSTha sAdhaka ke jIvana-vyApAra kI kuzalatA aura kasauTI hai| "samatvaM yoga ucyate" kI dRSTi se vaha yoga kA bAhyAbhyaMtara lakSaNa hai| jisake kSaNa-kSaNa jIvana vyApAra meM bhItara-bAhara, indriyavRttiyoM, manobhAvanAoM ora antastama AtmapariNAmoM meM samatA/zuddhatA nahIM, vahA~ "yoga" kaisaa| isI bhAva ko Ao kundakunda ne vyakta kiyA hai ina zabdoM meM - cArittaM khalu dhammo dhammo jo so samotti nnidittttho| mohakkhohavihINo pariNAmo appaNo hu samo || - pravacanasAra 1. 7 / / __ cAritra hI dharma hai| vaha dharma hai AtmA kA sAmyabhAva / usa sAmyabhAva kI pahacAna hai AtmA kA rAga-dveSa rahita, zuddha-zAnta, naiSkarmya pariNAma yA vartana, arthAt AtmA kA nirantara pratikSaNa apane zAnta/zuddha-svarUpa meM bane rhnaa| yoga ke AThaveM aMga "samAdhi ke ThIka-ThIka samakakSa hai bhagavAna baddha ke Arya aSTAMgika mArga kA AThavAM aMga "smaadhi| sAkSAdabrahma kI anubhUti se utpanna "ahaM brahmAsmi / yA "so'ham ke udgAra saMjJAna haiM isa avasthA ke| sUphI santoM kA "ana'lahaka AtmAnubhUti ke isI utkarSa kA udaghoSa hai| __ RSibhASita (isibhAsiyAI) ke racanAkAra RSiyoM ne 44 RSiyoM kA saMkSiptavRtta dete hue yaha kahakara ki "ina 44 santoM meM kevala 4 RSi jina-mArga ke anuyAyI the, zeSa 40 apane-apane pRthak-pRthak mArga se calakara Aye the; una sabhI ne arhat (jIvanmukta) pada ko prApta kiyA thA, aura vahI unakA apanA-apanA svAdhIna yoga thA" yoga mArga athavA mukti-mArga ke isI khulepana ko, isI svAdhInatA ko, ghoSita kiyA thaa| "terA sAiM tujha meM" - svAnubhUti ke jisa atala-tala se yaha "dhvani upajI hai, vaha bhI "yoga' kI hI eka anirvacanIya dazA hai| yoga kA yaha mArga, yaha sAdhanA, ye anubhUtiyA~ kisI eka deza, kAla, jAti, dharma, paramparA yA samudAya kI bapautI nahIM haiN| yaha una sabakA hai, una sabake lie hai jo zuddha dRSTi-zraddhA-bhakti-jJAna-karma-saMnyAsa yA tyAga ( = cAritra-zuddhi)- ina sabako yA inameM se kisI bhI eka ko pUrNa samarpaNa bhAva se svIkAra kara, apanA ApA khokara "karmaNyevAdhikAraste ke dhyeya mArga para Dagara-Dagara cala par3ate haiN| zuddhatA/ samatA/sAmyabhAva/aura naiSkarmya kI usa bhUmikA para bhakti, jJAna, karma, saMnyAsa aura yoga pRthaka-pRthaka nahIM rhte| saba milakara ekameka ho jAte haiN| jo bhakti hai, vahI jJAna ho jAtA hai; jJAna hI karma bana jAtA hai; athavA karma hI jJAna rUpa ho jAtA hai; vahI saMnyAsa aura vahI yoga bana jAtA hai| "samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritrANi mokSamArgaH - isa sUtra kA yahI artha maiMne samajhA hai| ___ "mokkheNa joyaNAo joo savvo vi dhammavAvAro" - mokSa se jor3ane vAlA samasta dharma-vyApAra "yoga" hai, athavA jo mokSa se jor3e vahI dharma hai, aura vahI yoga hai| yoga aura dharma kI isase adhika vyApaka, satyasamanvita, adhyAtma-poSaka tathA yoga va dharma ke avicchedya, anyo'nyAzrita, antaH sambandha kI nirvivAda evaM sarvamAnya dUsarI koI paribhASA kahIM milatI nhiiN| yoga evaM dharma kI isI avadhAraNA ne A0 haribhadrasUri kI zAstravArtAsamuccaya, SaDdarzanasamuccaya evaM yogadRSTisamuccaya prabhRti racanAoM ko vaha khulApana, vaha sampradAyAtIta dRSTi, aura vaha mumukSujanapriyatA pradAna kI hai, jo unameM hai| tAhA

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icchA to yaha thI ki DaoN0 aruNA Ananda kI isa racanA ke lie eka aisI bhUmikA likhI jAtI, jisase sabhI dharmoM, yoga-mArgoM, adhyAtma sAdhanAoM aura lokakalyANa athavA lokamukti kI akhaNDa sAdhanA ke karmapatha para ArUr3ha karmayogiyoM kI dRSTi se parama satya ke zodha-bodha ke ina saba upAyoM/mArgoM meM jo tAtvika samanviti hai, jo ekatA hai, jo AnandAnubhUti hai, usakA yatkiMcit rasAsvAda sudhI pAThakoM ko ho ske| isa icchA ke kAraNa hI DaoN0 aruNA Ananda kI isa racanA kA prakAzana, isakI presa kaoNpI taiyAra hone ke uparAnta bhI lagabhaga eka varSa taka rukA rahA, kyoMki apekSita tattvagarbhita vistRta bhUmikA likhane kA avakAza nahIM mila paayaa| isa akSamya derI ke lie yaha sampAdaka DaoN0 aruNA Ananda aura sudhI pAThakavRnda kA kSamAprArthI hai| DaoN0 aruNA ne isa racanA ko prastuta karane meM jitanA samaya, zrama, zakti vyaya kI hai, unheM nikaTa se jAnane vAle hI usakA Akalana kara skeNge| isa racanA kA svAdhyAya pAThakavRMda kI yoga-abhiruci ko tanika bhI jagA pAyA, to lekhikA kA zrama sArthaka hogaa| bhogIlAla laheracanda bhAratIya saMskRti saMsthAna kA yaha 13 vA~ puSpa hai| saMsthAna kI yojanA hai ki bhaviSya meM eka-eka kara vibhinna paramparAoM ke aise grantha-ratnoM ko zrRMkhalAbaddha rIti se prakAzita kiyA jaave| AzA hai isa satprayojana kI pUrti meM hameM sampUrNa samAja aura satyArthI va jijJAsu pAThakoM kA apekSita sahayoga prApta ho skegaa| dillI, maMgalavAra di. 26 janavarI 1666 svAdhIna bhArata kA 50vA~ gaNataMtra divs| vimala prakAza jaina vili

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prAkkathana jIvana ke suSupta evaM bikhare hue kaNoM ko samAyojita kara suvyavasthita evaM Anandamaya jIvana vyatIta karane kI cintanaparaka mAnavIya pravRtti ne vibhinna vicAradhArAoM ko janma diyA. jo vikAsa kI daSTi se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai - vaidika aura avaidik| vaidika vicAradhArA meM veda ko AdhAra mAnakara jIvanadarzana kI vyAkhyA karane vAle sAMkhya, yoga, vaizeSika, nyAya, mImAMsA Adi tathA avaidika vicAradhArA meM cArvAka, jaina aura bauddha darzana samAviSTa haiN| prastuta grantha meM kevala yoga aura jaina vicAradhArA kA adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| ___ AtmavikAsa hetu pracalita AdhyAtmika sAdhanA-paddhatiyoM meM 'yoga' mahatvapUrNa hai, jise sabhI darzanoM ne kisI na kisI rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| dArzanika mata-matAntaroM meM bhinnatA hone para bhI vedabAhya bauddha, jaina Adi darzana yoga-sAdhanA para utanI hI AsthA rakhate rahe haiM jitanI veda para zraddhA rakhane vAle drshn| isa dRSTi se bhAratIya darzanazAstra ke SaDdarzanoM meM yogadarzana' ko viziSTa sthAna prApta hai| prAcIna RSiyoM evaM muniyoM dvArA tattva-sAkSAtkAra hetu svAnubhava ke AdhAra para anveSita yoga kI paramparA sAdhanA ke rUpa meM prAgaitihAsika kAla se hI calI A rahI hai| yogaviSayaka aneka mahatvapUrNa prasaMga veda, upaniSada, mahAbhArata, gItA, yogavAsiSTha Adi granthoM meM bhI prApta hote haiN| parantu yogasAdhanA ko 'darzana' ke rUpa meM mAnyatA dilAne kA zreya maharSi pataJjali ko hai, kyoMki unhoMne yoga kI vibhinna praNAliyoM kA samanvaya karake unheM saiddhAntika rUpa se sUtrazailI meM nibaddha kara zAstra rUpa pradAna kiyaa| unakA yaha yogazAstra hI Aja 'yogadarzana' ke nAma se pratiSThita hai| vartamAna meM yogadarzana kA prArambha bhI pataJjali ke yogasUtroM se hI mAnA jAtA hai| ataH yogadarzana kA pratipAdaka grantha 'pAtaJjalayogasatra' hI hai| Aja pAtaJjalayoga jitanA prasiddha hai, utanA jainayoga nhiiN| isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki jaina-paramparA meM bhI vaidika-paramparA ke samAna hI vipula yogasAhitya kI racanA huI thI, parantu vaha Aja sarvAMzataH upalabdha nahIM hai| jainayoga ke bIja avazya jainAgamoM meM yatra-tatra bikhare hue dikhAI dete haiM parantu usase jainayoga kA vyavasthita rUpa prakaTa nahIM hotaa| vastutaH jainayoga-sAdhanA kA vyavasthita va sarvAMgINa svarUpa prastuta karane vAle grantha likhane kI paramparA 8vIM zatI meM prArambha huI aura isakA zreya AcArya haribhadrasUri ko hai| unhoMne jainAgamoM meM yatra-tatra bikhare hue yoga sambandhI tathyoM ko saMkalita kara pAtaJjalayogasAdhanA ke anurUpa DhAlane kA prayAsa kiyaa| paravartI jainAcAryoM ne saharSa unakA anukaraNa kiyaa| una AcAryoM meM AcArya zubhacandra, AcArya hemacandrasUri evaM upAdhyAya yazovijaya ke nAma vizeSa rUpa se nIya haiN| paravatI kAla meM bhI adhyAtma-sAdhanA se sambandhita sAhitya kI racanA huI, kintu usase jainayoga-sAdhanA kA svarUpa pUrNataH parilakSita nahIM hotaa| 20vIM zatI meM 'jainayoga' nAma se pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne kucha likhane kA prayAsa kiyA, parantu usameM jainayoga viSayaka sAmagrI nAmamAtra bhI nahIM hai| apitu usameM zrAvaka ke 12 vratoM kA hI vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| vartamAnakAla meM bhI kucha bhAratIya vidvAnoM evaM jaina muniyoM ne jainayoga-sAdhanA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai jo prazaMsanIya to hai, parantu usase na to jainayoga kA vyavasthita evaM sarvAMgINa svarUpa prakaTa hotA hai aura na hI hribhdraadi| jainAcAryoM dvArA pravAhita vicArasaraNi kI spaSTa va vistRta jAnakArI milatI hai| ina jainAcAryoM kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki inhoMne jainayoga-sAdhanA ko vividha pariprekSyoM evaM vividha rUpoM meM nirUpita karate hue pAtaJjalayoga-paramparA ke sAtha samanvayAtmaka sambandha sthApita karane kA advitIya prayAsa kiyA, jo sarAhanIya hai| vastutaH ukta cAroM AcArya jainayoga-sAdhanA ke AdhArastambha haiN|

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yadyapi pAtaJjala evaM jaina - donoM paramparAoM meM yoga kA mahattva nikaSa para hai tathApi isa kSetra meM racanAtmaka kAryoM kA abhAva parilakSita hotA hai| ina darzanoM kI tattvamImAMsA, AcAramImAMsA Adi para to Dhera sAre kArya hote rahe haiM kintu sarvathA vaijJAnika tattva 'yoga' kA vivecana aspRSTa prAyaH hI hai| vaise bhI pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga ke tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana karane kA prayAsa bahuta kama ho pAyA hai, jisakI atyanta AvazyakatA anubhava kI jA rahI hai| jainayoga kA vistRta jJAna prApta karane ke lie A0 haribhadra, zubhacandra, hemacandra tathA upA0 yazovijaya ke yoga-granthoM kA gambhIratA se adhyayana karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai, anyathA jainayogaviSayaka jJAna ekAMgI hogaa| isa mahattva ko aMgIkAra karate hue hI maiMne donoM darzanoM ke tulanAtmaka vivecana ko AdhAra banAyA aura AcArya haribhadrAdi cAra pramukha jainAcAryoM dvArA racita yogagranthoM ke AdhAra para jainayoga kA pAtaJjalayoga ke sAtha tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane kA prayatna kiyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa donoM yoga-paramparAoM kI paraspara aneka samAnatAe~, viSamatAe~ evaM viziSTatAe~ prakAza meM AIM, jo isa grantha meM prastuta haiN| prastuta kRti kA zIrSaka hai "pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyyn"| isameM sAta adhyAya haiN| "pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA tathA sambandhita sAhitya" nAmaka prathama adhyAya meM pAtaJjalayogasAdhanA evaM jainasAdhanA-paddhati kA saMkSipta rUpa prastuta karate hue donoM-paddhatiyoM kA tulanAtmaka sarvekSaNa tathA donoM paramparAoM se sambandhita sAhitya kA saMkSipta vivaraNa hai| sAtha hI isa grantha meM vivecita jainAcAryoM ke vyaktitva evaM kRtitva para prakAza DAlate hue unake yoga-granthoM kA paricaya bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| . ___ "yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda" nAmaka dvitIya adhyAya meM yoga ke vyutpattilabhya artha, svarUpa (lakSaNa) evaM bhedoM kA pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-paramparA ke AdhAra para tulanAtmaka vivecana hai| "yoga ke adhikArI, prAthamika yogyatA evaM Avazyaka nirdeza" nAmaka tRtIya adhyAya meM pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga, donoM paramparAoM meM mAnya yoga ke adhikAriyoM, vibhinna prakAra ke yogiyoM, yogAdhikArI kI prAthamika yogyatA, usake lie nirdiSTa Avazyaka anuSThAna, AhAra tathA guru kI AvazyakatA Adi viSayoM kI carcA hai| "yoga aura AcAra" nAmaka catartha adhyAya meM vicAra aura AcAra kA sambandha batAte hae pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga-paramparAnusAra AcAra kI upayogitA prastuta hai| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kI samaSTi ke rUpa meM jaina AcAra ke saMkSipta paricayapUrvaka zrAvaka aura zramaNa ke lie nirdhArita AcAra-niyamoM kA pRthaka-pRthaka pratipAdana hai| isake atirikta jainayoga ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM karma-siddhAnta tathA bhAgya aura puruSArtha ke pArasparika sambandha kA vivecana hai| ___"AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama" nAmaka paMcama adhyAya meM pAtaJjala evaM jaina, donoM yoga-paramparAoM meM svIkRta AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI vibhinna avasthAoM kA ullekha hai| jaina-paramparA meM caudaha guNasthAna, trividha AtmA, trividha upayoga, vibhinna dRSTiyoM tathA manaHsthitiyoM ke mAdhyama se AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama kI carcA hai| inake svarUpa para vicAra karate hue yogaja ATha dRSTiyoM kI pataJjali ke ATha yogAMgoM se kramazaH tulanA tathA saMdarbhAnusAra saptama yogAMga meM 'dhyAna' kI carcA karate hue jainayoga ke anusAra dhyAna kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| mana kI vibhinna avasthAoM kA citra bhI yahA~ upasthita hai| "siddhi-vimarza" nAmaka chaThe adhyAya meM pAtaJjala evaM jaina, donoM yoga-paramparAoM meM varNita siddhiyoM kI tulanAtmaka vivecanA prastuta hai| jainayoga kA sarvAMgINa vivecana karane ke pazcAt upasaMhAra ke rUpa meM "pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga meM paraspara sAmya, vaiSamya evaM vaiziSTya" nAmaka saptama adhyAya likhA gayA hai| isa adhyAya meM aitihAsika

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pariprekSya meM yoga ke Adya upadeSTA tathA pravartaka ke viSaya meM vicAra karate hue kAla-pravAha se yoga ke kramika vikAsa kI jAnakArI dI gaI hai tathA pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga ke paraspara sAmya, vaiSamya evaM vaiziSTya ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| pRthak-pRthak samaya meM pramukha jainAcAryoM ne samAna, asamAna evaM viziSTa mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para yoga kA jo varNana kiyA hai, vaha jaina tathA jainetara yoga ke vikAsa meM adbhuta hai, aura vartamAna meM isako vyavahAra meM lAne kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai| yaha merA parama saubhAgya hai ki DaoN0 (zrImatI) TI.esa. rukmiNI, pUrva prAcAryA, mirAMDA hAusa, dillI vizvavidyAlaya ne atyanta vyasta rahate hue bhI pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane meM merA samyaka mArgadarzana kiyaa| usake lie maiM unakA hArdika AbhAra prakaTa karatI huuN| DaoN0 dAmodara zAstrI, bhUtapUrva adhyakSa, jainadarzana vibhAga, lAlabahAdura zAstrI kendriya saMskRta vidyApITha, dillI ne apane satparAmarzoM dvArA jainadarzana ke marma ko samajhAne meM apanA ananya sahayoga pradAna kiyaa| unake prati kRtajJatA jJApana unake mahatva ko kama karanA hogaa| maiM muni zrI yazovijayajI, panyAsa zrI padmavijayajI, muni zrI nagarAjajI, muni zrI mahendra kumArajI, zrI puSkaramunijI, zrI devendramunijI Adi kI atyanta RNI hU~ jinake jJAna tathA snehamaya AzIrvacanoM se maiM sadA protsAhita hotI rhii| isake atirikta parama AdaraNIya DaoN0 nathamala TATiyA, DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, DaoN brahmamitra avasthI, DaoN0 chaganalAla zAstrI tathA paM0 rAdhezyAma zAstrI Adi vidvAnoM kI bhI kRtajJa hU~, jinhoMne samaya-samaya para apanA apratyAzita sahayoga pradAna kiyaa| __bhAratIya vidyAoM ke manISI, padmavibhUSaNa, vidvadvarya paramapUjya paMDita dalasukha mAlavaNiyA jI kI maiM vizeSa RNI hU~, jinhoMne mere prabandha kA atyanta sUkSma dRSTi se parIkSaNa kara kucha mahattvapUrNa sujhAva diye| unakA varadahasta sadA merA mArga prazasta kregaa| sAtha hI maiM jainavidyA ke prasiddha vidvAn pro0 vimala prakAza jaina kI bhI atyanta AbhArI hU~, , kyoMki unhoMne isa grantha kA saMzodhana karane meM merA yatheSTa mArgadarzana kiyA hai| prastuta kRti petA zrI desarAja Ananda kI satata preraNA evaM mAtA zrImatI kRSNA Ananda ke zubhAzIrvAda evaM tyAga tathA anuja ajaya ke viziSTa sahayoga kA hI pariNAma hai| ataH unake prati AbhAra vyakta karanA mere laghutva kA hI sUcaka hogaa| bhogIlAla laheracanda bhAratIya saMskRti saMsthAna, dillI ke bhataparva nidezaka DaoN0 nIlaratna benarjI: upAdhyakSa, zrI narendra prakAza jaina, DaoN0 jitendra bAbUlAla zAha; prabandha samiti ke sadasya zrI rAjakumAra jaina tathA zaikSaNika salAhakAra DaoN0 dhaneza jaina va pro0 preta siMha kI bhI kRtajJa hU~, jinhoMne ise saMsthA kI prakAzana-mAlA ke puSpa ke rUpa meM svIkAra karake mujhe tathA merI kRti ko gauravAnvita kiyA hai| maiM saMsthA ke upanidezaka, DaoN0 kamaleza jaina kI bhI AbhArI hU~ kyoMki unhoMne prUpha rIDiMga karake TaMkaNa kI galatiyoM ko sudhArane meM merI madada kI hai| __ anta meM maiM una saba vidvAnoM evaM sahayogiyoM kA hRdaya se AbhAra vyakta karatI hU~, jinhoMne isa kRti ke praNayana meM pratyakSa evaM parokSa rUpa se apanA sadbhAva evaM sahayoga pradAna kiyA tathA mujhe sadA protsAhita kiyaa| aruNA Ananda 266, rAmAkRSNA vihAra 26, indraprastha vistAra dillI - 110062

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sampAdakIya prAkkathana prathama adhyAya : 1. pAtaJjalayoga-paddhati 2. jaina sAdhanA-paddhati 3. pAtaJjalayoga-paddhati aura jaina sAdhanA-paddhati : eka tulanAtmaka sarvekSaNa 4. pAtaJjalayoga- sAhitya pAtaJjala evaM jaina-yoga-sAdhanA paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya 1 - 46 5. jainayoga- sAhitya 6. pramukha jainAcAryoM kA vyaktitva evaM kRtitva a. haribhadrasUri A. AcArya zubhacandra i. hemacandrasUri I. upAdhyAya yazovijaya dvitIya adhyAya : viSayAnukramaNikA 1. yoga : vyutpatti evaM artha 2. yoga kA svarUpa yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda a. pAtaJjalayoga-mata A. jainayoga-mata 3. yoga ke bheda a. pAtaJjalayoga-mata :- samprajJAtayoga, samprajJAtayoga ke bheda - vitarkAnugatasamprajJAtayoga, vicArAnugatasamprajJAtayoga, AnandAnugatasamprajJAtayoga, asmitAnugatasamprajJAtayogaH asamprajJAtayoga, asamprajJAtayoga ke bheda bhavapratyaya, upAyapratyaya / A. jainayoga-mata :- sarvadharma-vyApArayogaH praNidhAnAdi pAMca Azaya - praNidhAna, pravRtti, vighnajaya, siddhi, viniyogaH nizcaya vyavahArayoga; icchAdi trividha yoga - icchAyoga, zAstrayoga, sAmarthyayoga; adhyAtmAdi paMcavidha yoga - adhyAtmayoga, (japa, Atma-saMprekSaNa, devavandana, pratikramaNa, bhAvanAnucintana), bhAvanAyoga, dhyAnayoga, samatAyoga, vRttisaMkSayayogaH tAttvikAdi SaDvidha yoga - tAttvika aura atAttvikayoga, sAnubandha aura niranubandhayoga, sAsrava aura anAsravayoga: sthAnAdi paMcavidha yoga sthAna, UrNa, artha, Alambana, anAlambanaH sthAnAdi paMcavidha yoga ke bheda evaM upabheda; karmayoga aura jJAnayoga / - xiii --- pRSTha vii ix 50 60

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tRtIya adhyAya : yoga ke adhikArI, prAthamika yogyatA evaM Avazyaka nirdeza 61-120 1. yoga ke adhikArI a pAtaJjalayoga-mata A jainayoga-mata :- yoga kA adhikArI - samyaktvI, trividha koTi ke yogAdhikArI - apunarbandhaka, bhinna-granthi yA samyagdRSTi, cAritrI (vrtii/sNymii)| adhikArI-bheda se yogI ke vividha prakAra a pAtaJjalayoga-mata :- prathamakalpikayogI, madhubhUmikayogI, prajJAjyotiyogI, atikrAntabhAvanIyayogI A jainayoga-mata :- kulayogI, gotrayogI, pravRttacakrayogI (yogAvaJcaka, kriyAvaJcaka, phalAvaJcaka), niSpannayogI yoga-sAdhanA prArambha karane se pUrva Avazyaka taiyArI a pAtaJjalayoga-mata A jainayoga-mata :- pUrvasevA (devagurupUjana, dAna, sadAcAra, tapa, mokSa-adveSa). mArgAnusArI ke guNa, sAdhaka ke lie nirdiSTa anuSThAna (viSAnuSThAna, garAnuSThAna, ananuSThAna, taddhetu anuSThAna, amRtAnuSThAna), gRhastha va muni ke lie pRthaka-pRthak dharmAnuSThAna, AhAra-nirdeza, guru kI aavshyktaa| caturtha adhyAya : yoga aura AcAra 121-187 a. pAtaJjalayoga aura AcAra A. jainayoga aura AcAra :- samyagdarzana - artha, aMga, lakSaNa, bheda, pratipakSI bhAva mithyAtva, mithyAtva ke prakAra, samyagdarzana ke doSa, praaptikrm| samyagjJAna - artha, jJAna ke prakAra, jJeya vastu, anekAntavAda, vastu kA svarUpa, anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda, syAdavAda kA artha, syAdavAda kI kathana zailI- saptabhaMgI, jJeyaviSaya-jIva, ajIva (dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla, pudagala), puNya, pApa, Amrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa / samyakcAritra - artha, cAritra ke bheda - nizcaya aura vyavahAra-cAritra, sarAga aura vItarAga-cAritra, sakala aura vikala-cAritra, sAmAyikAdi paMcavidha cAritra (sAmAyika, chedopasthApanA, parihAravizuddhi. sUkSmasaMparAya evaM ythaakhyaat)| zrAvakAcAra - aNuvrata (sthUla prANAtipAtaviramaNa, sthUla mRSAvAdaviramaNa, sthUla adattAdAnaviramaNa, svadArasaMtoSa yA paradAraviramaNa, icchA-parimANa yA parigraha-parimANa aNuvrata). zIlavrata - guNavrata (digvata, bhogopabhoga-parimANavrata, anarthadaNDavrata), zikSAvrata (sAmAyika, dezAvakAzika, pauSadhopavAsa yA pauSadhavrata, atithi saMvibhAgavata), gRhastha yogI kI viziSTa sAdhanA : pratimA (darzana, vrata, sAmAyika, pauSadha, kAyotsarga, brahmacarya, sacittavarjana, Arambhavarjana, preSyavarjana, udiSTabhaktavarjana, zramaNabhUta), zrAvaka ke chaha karma, sllekhnaa| zramaNAcAramahAvrata (ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha). samiti-gupti - gupti, samiti (IryAsamiti, bhASAsamiti, eSaNAsamiti, AdAnanikSepa samiti, utsarga yA vyutsargasamiti). dvAdazAnuprekSA (anitya, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azuci, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, dharma, loka, bodhi-durlabha). SaDAvazyaka (sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vandanA, pratikramaNa, xiv

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kAyotsarga, pratyAkhyAna), dazavidha dharma, priisshjy| i. jainayoga aura AcAra kA AdhAra : karmasiddhAnta :- karma kA artha, jIva aura karma, karmoM ke bheda, karma-vipAka, karma-vipAka ke prakAra, karmoM kI avasthAe~ (bandha, saMkramaNa, udavartanA, apavartanA, sattA, udaya, udIraNA, upazamana, nidhatti, nikaacnaa)| I bhAgya, puruSArtha aura krm| paMcama adhyAya : AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 188-246 a. pAtaJjalayoga-mata :- kSiptacitta, mUr3hacitta, vikSiptacitta, ekAgracitta, niruddhcitt| A. jainayoga-mata :- guNasthAna - artha va svarUpa, guNasthAna-paramparA, guNasthAna kramArohaNa kA mukhya AdhAra, mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna, sAsAdana samyagdRSTi guNasthAna, samyagmithyAdRSTi guNasthAna, avirata samyagdRSTi guNasthAna. dezavirati guNasthAna, sarvavirati guNasthAna, apramattasaMyata guNasthAna, apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna, anivRtti-samparAya guNasthAna, sUkSmasamparAya guNasthAna, upazAntamoha guNasthAna, kSINamoha guNasthAna, sayogikevalI guNasthAna, ayogikevalI guNasthAna; AtmA kI tIna avasthAe~ - bahirAtmA, antarAtmA, paramAtmA; trividha upayoga; dRSTi-vibhAjana - oghadRSTi, yogadRSTi; yogadRSTiyA~ aura yogAMga - mitrAdRSTi aura yama, tArAdRSTi aura niyama, balAdRSTi aura Asana, dIprAdRSTi aura prANAyAma, sthirAdRSTi aura pratyAhAra, kAntAdRSTi aura dhAraNA, prabhAdRSTi aura dhyAna, jainayoga meM dhyAna, dhyAna ke bheda-prabheda - ArtadhyAna, raudradhyAna, dharmadhyAna, dharmadhyAna ke bheda - AjJAvicaya, apAyavicaya, vipAkavicaya, saMsthAnavicaya (piNDasthadhyAna, padastha dhyAna, rUpasthadhyAna, rUpAtItadhyAna); dharmadhyAna kI maryAdAe~ - bhAvanA, deza, kAla, Asana, Alambana, krama, dhyAtavya, dhyAtA, anuprekSA, lezyA, liMga evaM phala; zukladhyAna, zukladhyAna ke bheda - pRthakvavitarka-savicAra, ekatvavitarka avicAra, sUkSmakriyA apratipAtI. samucchinnakriyAnivRtti, parAdRSTi aura samAdhi; mana kI avsthaaeN|| SaSTha adhyAya : siddhi-vimarza 247-263 a. pAtaJjalayoga-mata :- yamoM se prApta siddhiyA~, niyamoM se prApta siddhiyA~, Asana se prApta siddhi, prANAyAma se prApta siddhi, pratyAhAra se prApta siddhi, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi rUpa saMyama se prApta siddhiyA~, janma se prApta siddhiyA~, auSadhijanya siddhiyA~, maMtra se utpanna siddhiyA~, tapa se utpanna siddhiyA~, samAdhijanya siddhiyaaN| A. jainayoga-mata :- buddhiRddhi, vikriyARddhi yA vaikriyaRddhi. kriyARddhi, tapaRddhi, balaRddhi, auSadhaRddhi, rasaRddhi, kssetrRddhi| saptama adhyAya : pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga meM paraspara sAmya-vaiSamya evam vaiziSTya 264-276 sandarbha grantha sUcI 280-267 viziSTavyaktinAmAnukramaNikA 268-300 granthAnukramaNikA 301-305 zabdAnukramaNikA 306-326 XV

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pAtaJjala evaM jaina-yoga-sAdhanA paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya paridRzyamAna saMsAra meM anAdikAla se paribhramaNa kara rahe jIvoM ke sarvavidha saMtApoM kI nivRtti kara zAzvata va cirantana Ananda kI prApti karAne vAle sAdhanoM meM 'yoga' pramukha hai| Atma-vikAsa hetu AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke rUpa meM prAgaitihAsika kAla meM bhI 'yoga' kA pracalana thA / sindhu ghATI ke avazeSoM meM prApta dhyAnastha yogI kA citra ukta tathya ko puSTa karatA hai| prAcIna RSiyoM ne cirantana satyoM kA sAkSAtkAra kara yoga-sAdhanA mArga ko eka zAstra ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA jo 'yogadarzana' ke rUpa meM vikhyAta huA / dArzanika dRSTi se vicAra karane para jJAta hotA hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti meM tIna dhArAe~ pramukha rahI haiMvaidika, jaina aura bauddha / avAntararUpa se anya bhI aneka paramparAe~ thiiN| una sabakI cintana-paddhati evaM maulika vicAradhArA meM bhinnatA hone se unakI sAdhanA-paddhati bhI pRthak-pRthak thI / vastutaH yoga eka viziSTa sAdhanA paddhati hai, jisakA sambandha Atmadarzana se hai| isalie vaidikayoga, bauddhayoga aura jainayoga Adi nAmoM se Antarika una-una dharmoM / sampradAyoM kI viziSTa sAdhanA-paddhati ko prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai| ina sabhI yoga-sAdhanA paddhatiyoM kA uddezya zuddha AtmasvarUpa kI prApti karAnA hai| isa dRSTi se sabhI yoga-sAdhanAoM meM paraspara samAnatA/ ekatA hai| ina sabameM pratyeka sAdhanA-mArga kA pRthakpRthak vaiziSTya hai| yoga-sAdhanA ke mArga ananta haiN| bhaktiyoga, jJAnayoga, karmayoga, rAjayoga, haThayoga, dhyAnayoga, japayoga, mantrayoga, tapayoga, layayoga Adi yoga kI aneka zAkhAe~ haiN| vastutaH ye sabhI zAkhAe~ eka dUsare kI pUraka haiM aura pratyeka kI sthiti-bheda ke kAraNa hI ina sAdhanA mArgoM meM antara dikhAI par3atA hai| pAtaJjalayoga-paddhati pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM cittavRttiyoM ke nirodha ko yoga kahA gayA hai| antaHkaraNa kI vRttiyA~ yogakriyA dvArA kramazaH zAnta hote-hote jaba pUrNataH zAnta ho jAtI haiM usa avasthA kA nAma yogayukta avasthA hai| usI avasthA meM draSTA apane yathArtha svarUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai| sAdhakoM meM dRzyamAna vibheda ke kAraNa yogasUtra meM cittavRttinirodha ke uddezya se tIna prakAra ke sAdhanoM kA nirdeza huA hai| ye tIna sAdhana haiM 1. abhyAsa evaM vairAgya, 2. kriyAyoga' aura 3. assttaaNgyog| inameM se "abhyAsa evaM vairAgya uttama adhikAriyoM ke lie, "kriyAyoga" madhyama adhikAriyoM ke lie tathA "aSTAMgayoga" adhama adhikAriyoM ke - 1. prathama adhyAya 1. 2. 3. 4. Sir J. Marashall, Mohan Jodaro and the Indus Civilization, ( Vol. 1), p.53 pAtaJjalayogasUtra. 1/12 vahI, 2/1 vahI, 2 / 32

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2 | lie hai| kriyAyoga ke antargata tapa, svAdhyAya evaM IzvarapraNidhAna ina tIna sAdhanoM kA vidhAna aSTAMgayoga ke antargata yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna evaM samAdhi ina ATha yogAMgoM kI carcA hai| ye ATha aMga yoga kI ATha sIr3hiyA~ haiM jina para yogazAstra kA sampUrNa bhavana khar3A hai| inameM se kucha to yoga-siddhi ke sAdhana haiM aura kucha paramparayA yoga-siddhi meM sahAyaka hote haiN| jisa prakAra kisI vastu ko rakhane se pUrva bartana ko sApha karanA par3atA hai, usI prakAra yama-niyama ke pAlana se antaHkaraNa ke janma-janmAntaroM se dUSita saMskAroM ko dUra kara use nirmala banAnA hotA hai| isase yoga-sAdhanA meM ruci bar3hatI hai| parantu inheM yoga kA bahiraMga sAdhana kahA gayA hai| prANAyAma Adi yoga-siddhi ke sAkSAt sAdhana haiN| ataH inheM antaraMga sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra yama se lekara pratyAhAra taka yoga ke bahiraMga sAdhana haiM aura dhAraNA, dhyAna, samAdhi antaraMga / parantu sarvasammati hai ki ye ATha aMga hI yoga ke AdhAra haiN| 2. jaina - sAdhanA-paddhati jainadharma kI sAdhanA-paddhati kA nAma 'mukti mArga' thA,' jo mUlataH 'ratnatrayayoga para AdhArita hai| ratnatraya ke antargata samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra - ina tInoM kA samAveza hai| ina tIna ratnoM meM samyakcAritra pramukha hai, kyoMki vahI mukti kA avyavahita aura anivArya kAraNa hai| cAritra ke sAtha samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna kI sahayuktatA hone para hI samyakcAritra kI sthiti sampanna mAnI jAtI hai| isalie sAmAnyataH samyakcAritra hI muktimArga aura mokSa kA sAkSAt kAraNa hai| samyakcAritra ke antargata sAdhanA kI dvividha prakriyA sAtha-sAtha calatI hai| vaha hai - saMvara aura nirjarA / ' karmoM ke Agamana ko rokanA 'saMvara' hai aura saMgRhIta karmoM kA kSaya (nijIrNatA) 'nirjarA hai| saMvara ke sAdhanabhUta AcaraNoM meM gupti, samiti, dazadharma, anuprekSA, parISahajaya va cAritra parigaNita kiye gaye haiN| inameM dazavidha dharmoM meM tapa kA sthAna atyanta viziSTa hai kyoMki vaha saMvara kA to sAdhana hai hI, nirjarA kA bhI pramukha sAdhana hai / " jainaparamparA ke anusAra viSaya kaSAyoM kA nigraha karake dhyAna va svAdhyAya meM nirata rahate hue Atmacintana karanA 'tapa' hai|" jana sAdhAraNa meM tapa prAyaH icchAnirodha, anazana Adi kA sUcaka mAnA jAtA hai kintu jaina zAstroM meM 'tapa' kA kSetra vyApaka hai| 'tapa' ko cAritra kA hI avAntara bheda mAnA gayA hai| 12 'cAritra' se Ane vAle karmoM kA nirodha hotA hai aura 'tapa' se pUrva saMcita karmoM kI nirjarA bhI hotI hai|" saMkSepa meM karmoM ko nijIrNa karane kI sAdhanA kA nAma tapa hai| samasta (nae evaM pUrvabaddha) karmoM ke kSaya se 1. ra 3. 4. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1/1/66-70 cAritraprAbhRta, (aSTapAhuDa), 8- 6: sarvArthasiddhi, 6/18/854 sarvArthasiddhi, 1/4/16 19. AsravanirodhaH saMvaraH / - tattvArthasUtra 6/ 1. 5. 6. tattvArthasUtra 1/1 yoga pradIpa, 113 tattvArthasUtra, 1 / 1 sarvArthasiddhi, 1/1/7 tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1/1/46 pravacanasAra, 1 / 6 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 8. sarvArthasiddhi. 8/23/778 saguptisamitidharmAnuprekSAparISahajayacAritraiH / - tattvArthasUtra, 6/2. 6. 10. tattvArthasUtra, 6/3.6 11. dvAdazAnuprekSA, 77 12. sarvArthasiddhi 6/18 13. tattvArthasUtra, 6/2, 6 14. tapasA nirjarA ca / - tattvArthasUtra, 6/3.

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya hI mokSa prApta hotA hai|' yahI kAraNa hai ki uttarAdhyayana meM ratnatraya ke sAtha-sAtha tapa, jo cAritra kA hI aMga hai, ko bhI mokSa (AtmasvarUpopalabdhi) kA anivArya sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| jaina zramaNoM ke lie * bhI Agama-granthoM meM vibhinna prakAra ke vizeSaNa' prayukta hue haiM, jo unheM tapaH zUra athavA tapoyoga ke utkRSTa sAdhaka ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karate haiN| jainAgamoM meM tapoyoga kA vyApaka evaM vistRta vivecana milatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra svayaM eka mahAn yogI the| unhoMne sAr3he bAraha varSa taka mauna rahakara ghora tapa, dhyAna evaM Atmacintana dvArA yoga-sAdhanA kA hI jIvana bitAyA thaa| AcArAMga meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI tapazcaryA kA vistRta varNana hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ugra tapa ke sAtha pahale se hI dhyAna jaise antastapa para pUrA jora diyA aura kahA ki bAhyatapa cAhe kitanA bhI kaThora ho, parantu usakI sArthakatA antastapa para avalambita hai / isalie unhoMne apane tapomArga meM bAhyatapa ko antastapa ke eka sAdhana ke rUpa meM hI sthAna diyA / bAhya aura Abhyantara bAhyatapa kA adhika saMbaMdha zarIra se hai aura Abhyantaratapa kA Antarika jIvana se| donoM ke chaH-chaH bheda haiN| bAhyatapa ke bheda haiM : jainAgamoM meM tapa ke mUlataH do bheda kiye gaye haiM 1. anazana 2. UnodarI 3. bhikSAcarI 4. rasa- parityAga 5. kAyakleza 1. prAyazcitta 2. vinaya 3. vaiyAvRttya 6. pratisaMlInatA Abhyantaratapa ke bheda haiM : 4. svAdhyAya 5. dhyAna 6. vyutsarga 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 19. (AhAra - parityAga karanA) (bhUkha se kama khAnA) ( bhikSA dvArA bhojana grahaNa karanA) ( rasanendriya kA nigraha karanA) (zarIra-sAdhanA * garmI-sardI Adi ko sahanA tathA padmAsana, vIrAsana Adi kA abhyAsa karanA) (indriyoM ko viSayoM se haTAnA ) / bandhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAm kRtsnakarmakSayo mokssH| tattvArthasUtra. 10/2.3 uttarAdhyayanasUtra. 28/2 uggatayedittatatattataye mahAtave orAle dhIre ghoraguNe ghortvssii| bhagavatIsUtra. 27/1/1 tavasUrA aNagArA 1- sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/3/317 AcArAMgasUtra (pra0 zruta0), adhyayana 6; aupapAtikasUtra, adhikAra 3: uttarAdhyayanasUtra, adhyayana 30 AcArAMgasUtra. 6/ 47, 66, 107, 108 3 ( aparAdha - pApa kI zuddhi) ( abhimAna kA parityAga kara gurujanoM evaM apane se bar3oM ke prati Adara va bahumAna pradarzita karanA) (niSkAma bhAva se gurujanoM, vRddhajanoM aura dIkSita, tapasvI Adi sAdhakoM kI sevA karanA) (zAstroM kA paThana-pAThana karanA) (eka lakSya para citta ko ekAgra karanA) (mamatva kA visarjana arthAt tyAga karanA) / - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 30 / 7 8. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 30/8 30: tattvArthasUtra, 6/16, 20 bhagavatIsUtra, 25/7/103 6. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 20/8-28 aupapAtikasUtra, 30 sthAnAMgasUtra. 6/511 bhagavatIsUtra, 25/7/104,123; tattvArthasUtra,6/166 10. tattvArthasUtra 6/19 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 20 / 26- 36 aupapAtikasUtra, 30 sthAnAMgasUtra. 6/511 tatyArthasUtra, 6/2

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 'tapa' yoga kI pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM __bAhyatapa Abhyantaratapa meM sahAyaka hotA hai| tapa ke ukta bhedoM meM yoga kI dRSTi se pratisaMlInatA, dhyAna aura (vyutsarga) kAyotsarga' kA bahuta mahatva hai| vastutaH ina tInoM prakAra ke tapa para hI yoga-sAdhanA Azrita hai| inameM bhI vizeSataH dhyAna pramukha hai| dhyAna ke kaI sopAna haiM, jinakI antima pariNati nirvikalpaka samAdhi kI caramAvasthA hai, jahA~ zuddha caitanya mAtra kI akhaNDa evaM advaita anubhUti zeSa raha jAtI hai| uparyukta saMvara va nirjarA kI sAdhaka kriyAoM ke atirikta jaina-sAdhanA-paddhati meM vrata ko bhI sthAna diyA gayA hai| vratoM kA kArya saMvara kI kriyAoM meM sahAyatA pahu~cAnA aura azubha kriyAoM se Upara uThakara sadAcAra meM pravRtta karAnA hotA hai| ina vratoM kA svarUpa sAdhanA ke stara ke anurUpa bhinna-bhinna hai| jaise nimna koTI ke sAdhaka (gRhastha) ke lie aNuvratoM kA aura ucca koTI ke sAdhaka (muni) ke lie mahAvratoM kA vidhAna hai| inameM sAdhaka dvArA ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha kA AMzika pAlana aNuvrata hai| unakA pUrNataH pAlana mahAvrata hai| saMvara aura nirjarA kI sAdhaka uparyukta kriyAoM para hI saMkSepa meM jainayoga-sAdhanA AdhRta hai| 3. pAtaJjalayoga-paddhati aura jaina-sAdhanA-paddhati : eka tulanAtmaka sarvekSaNa pAtaJjala va jaina donoM sAdhanA-paddhatiyA~ pRthaka va svatantra haiN| donoM meM pratyeka kI sAdhanA-paddhati kA prAsAda apane svatantra DhAMce ko lie hue hai| pAtaJjalayoga-paddhati meM yama, niyama, Asana Adi aSTAMgoM ko pramukhatA dI gaI hai, to jainayoga-sAdhanA meM bAhya evaM Abhyantara tapa ke rUpa meM dvAdazAMgoM ko mahatvapUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki sAdhanA kI rIti alaga hone para bhI donoM kA lakSya samAna hai aura vaha hai- zaddha Atmatattva kI praapti| ukta donoM yoga-sAdhanAe~ bhAratIya darzana aura anuzIlana meM ruci rakhane vAloM ke lie samAna rUpa se AdaraNIya haiN| kheda hai ki sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatAoM ke kAraNa ina donoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bahuta kama ho pAyA hai| sudIrgha aitihAsika paramparA meM vaidika aura zramaNa-saMskRtiyoM meM paraspara AdAna-pradAna huA ho, isakI prabala sambhAvanA hai| ataH prastuta prabandha meM uparyukta donoM sAdhanA-paddhatiyoM kI paraspara tulanA karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama eka tathya yahA~ dhyAna dene yogya hai, vaha yaha ki yadyapi jaina-sAdhanA-paddhati pataJjali ke aSTAMgayoga se pRthak svatantra rUpa se vikasita huI thI, kintu kAlAntara meM samanvaya kI bhAvanA se, jaina-sAdhanA-paddhati ko bhI aSTAMgayoga-mArga ke anurUpa banAne kA prayAsa kiyA gyaa| jaina-sAdhanA-paddhati meM, prArambha meM pataJjali ke aSTAMgayoga ke sabhI aMgoM kI koI vyavasthA nahIM thii| tapa ke aMtargata 'dhyAna' hI eka aisA tattva hai jo donoM paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se mAnya hai| kintu jainasAdhanA-paddhati kA 'dhyAna' pAtaJjalayoga-sAdhanA-paddhati ke 'dhyAna' se adhika vyApaka hai, kyoMki jainaparamparA-sammata dhyAna meM pAtaJjalayoga-sammata pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi- cAroM samAviSTa haiN|' 1. 'kAyotsarga' vyutsarga kA hI eka prakAra hai| AgamoM meM kahIM-kahIM kAyotsarga 'vyutsargatapa' ke rUpa meM nirUpita huA hai| vItarAgastotra, 14/8: samayasArakalaza, 85 tattyArtharAjavArtika,7/1/13. 14 sAgAradharmAmRta, 2/80 tattvArthasUtra, 7/2 cAritraprAbhRta, 24ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 52,72, paMcAdhyAyI, 72.73 AdipurANa, 20/12, padamanandipaMcaviMzati. 4/6

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA-paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya 5 pAtaJjalayoga kA prathama aMga 'yama' hai, jisakA artha hai - bAhyAbhimukhI cittavRttiyoM ko antarmukhI krnaa| sarvaprathama, IsA kI pahalI-dUsarI zatI meM svAmI samantabhadra ne vratoM ko yama, niyama kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyaa| sambhavataH yaha pAtaJjalayoga-paramparA ke sAtha jaina-sAdhanA-paddhati ko samanvita karane kA sarvaprathama prayAsa thaa| jainAgamoM meM anekatra AsanoM ke abhyAsa kA bhI saMketa prApta hotA hai| I08vIM-6vIM zatI ke grantha AdipurANa meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki dhyAna ke lie Asana kI koI niyata sthiti nirdhArita karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| zarIra kI jo-jo avasthA (Asana) dhyAna kA virodha na karane vAlI ho, usI-usI avasthA meM sthita hokara muniyoM ko dhyAna karanA caahiye| cAheM to ve baiThakara, khar3e hokara athavA leTakara dhyAna kara sakate haiN| vahA~ yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki dhyAna ke samaya muniyoM ko sukhAsana lagAnA hI zreSTha hai| cUMki paryaGka Asana yA kAyotsarga Asana sukhAsana haiM zeSa saba viSama haiM (duHkha dene vAle haiM) isalie dhyAna ke samaya paryaGka Asana yA sukhAsana hI lagAnA caahie| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki Asana ke sambandha meM prArambha meM jainAcAryoM kA koI Agraha nahIM thaa| kevala zarIra kI savidhA para bala diyA jAtA thaa| AsanoM kI vividhatA aura sAdhanA-paddhati meM apekSA-dRSTi se paravartI sAhitya meM adhika vistRta sAmagrI hai| prAcIna jainAgamoM meM prANAyAma-sAdhanA kA bhI svatantra nirUpaNa prApta nahIM hotA, jabaki uttaravartI jainasAhitya meM isakI vistRta carcA upalabdha hai| jainasAhitya ke anuzIlana se yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai ki jainayoga-sAdhanA meM prANAyAma ko yoga kA anivArya aMga nahIM mAnA gayA hai| kucha sthaloM meM prANAyAma kI zArIrika svAsthya kI dRSTi se upayogitA pratipAdita kI gaI hai| kintu kucha AcAryoM ne citta kI sthiratA evaM anAkulatA kI dRSTi se ise anupayogI bhI batAyA hai| 8vIM, 6vIM zatI ke bAda likhe gaye granthoM meM dharmadhyAna ke antargata pArthivI Adi dhAraNAoM kA bhI nirUpaNa hai| isI prakAra dhyAna kI kucha uccatara avasthAoM ko 'samAdhi' nAma se abhihita karane kI pravRtti bhI jaina-granthoM meM dekhane ko milatI hai| uparyukta vivecana ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki jaina-sAdhanA-paddhati kA nirmANa yadyapi svatantra rUpa se kiyA gayA thA, kintu paravartI kAla meM jainAcAryoM kA yaha prayAsa rahA ki jainasAdhanA-paddhati kA nirUpaNa karate samaya, pAtaJjalayoga-sammata aSTAMgayoga-paddhati ke sAtha samanvaya sthApita kiyA jaae| 4. pAtaJjalayoga-sAhitya pAtaJjalayogasUtra maharSi pataJjali viracita yogasUtra yogaviSayaka eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai jisakA prArambha 'atha yogAnuzAsanam sUtra se hotA hai| yaha sUtra isa bAta kA pratIka hai ki maharSi pataJjali yoga ke Adi praNetA nahIM the| unhoMne OMOM ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 4/21 sthAnAMgasUtra, 5/1/42, 43, 50 kalpasUtra. 121, 280; bhagavatIsUtra. 2/1: pR0 241: AcArAMgasUtra (pra0 zruta0) 6/4/4: (dvi0 zruta0) 7/2/161: pravacanasAroddhAra, 1567: uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 1/22 AdipurANa, 22/75-86 yazastilakacampU 36/603,715.716: yogazAstra, 5/10-12 AdipurANa, 21/65, 66: yogazAstra 6/5 yogazAstra 7/6-25 : jJAnArNava, 34/2-31 7. zAstravArtAsamucyaya aura syAdavAdakalpalatA, stabaka 1. pR076

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana to apane se pUrva pracalita samasta sAdhanA-paddhatiyoM ko samanvita karake unakI dArzanika samIkSA kI hai tathA yatra-tatra bikhare hue yoga-sambandhI vicAroM, siddhAntoM tathA paddhatiyoM ko eka vyavasthita rUpa pradAna kiyA hai| isa grantha meM unhoMne saMkSepa se yoga ke mahatva ko prakaTa karate hue usakI sAMgopAMga prarUpaNA kI hai| yogasUtra kA mukhya uddezya manuSya ko sukha-duHkha rUpa karmabandhana aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa janma-mRtyu ke cakra se chuTakArA dilAkara Atma-kalyANa kA sIdhA, saccA aura kriyAtmaka mArgadarzana karAnA hai| 165 sUtroM meM nibaddha yaha grantha samAdhi, sAdhana, vibhUti aura kaivalya nAmaka pAda-catuSTaya meM vibhakta hai| prathama samAdhipAda meM yoga kA lakSaNa, lakSaNastha padoM kA vivecana, yoga kA uddezya, cittavRttiyoM kA nirUpaNa, yoga kI prApti ke upAyoM tathA samAdhi ke bhedoM Adi kA varNana hai| sAdhanapAda nAmaka dvitIya adhyAya meM kriyAyoga, kleza, karma, karmoM ke bheda, kAraNa, svarUpa, karmavipAka, duHkha, duHkha-hetu, hAna aura hAnopAya kA vivecana hai| upAdeya kI kAraNabhUta vivekakhyAti ke sopAna svarUpa yama, niyamAdi aSTAMgayoga kA bhI isameM pratipAdana hai| vibhUtipAda nAmaka tRtIya adhyAya meM dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi - ina tIna aMtaraMga yogAMgoM ke svarUpa kA eka-eka sUtra meM nirdeza diyA gayA hai| tadanantara saMyama-janya vibhUtiyoM, trividhaM pariNAma, tathA vivekaja jJAna kI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai| kaivalyapAda nAmaka caturtha adhyAya meM pUrva varNita siddhiyoM ko janma, auSadhi, maMtra, tapa aura samAdhi - ina pA~ca nimittoM se utpanna hone vAlI batAyA gayA hai| isake atirikta yahA~ vijJAnavAda ke nirAkaraNapUrvaka, nirmANa-citta, dharmameghasamAdhi evaM kaivalya-prApti kI prakriyA tathA kaivalya ke svarUpa kA varNana hai| pAtaJjalayogasUtra kA akSarazaH anukaraNa karake jaina aura bauddha sampradAyoM meM abhyAsa aura vairAgya ke stambha khar3e kiye gaye haiN| yoga ke yamaniyamAdi ATha aMga prAyaH sabhI darzanoM meM mAnya haiN| isa grantha ke sarvapriya hone meM eka vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki yaha rAjayoga ke antargata AtA hai| isameM haThayoga ke samAna haThapUrvaka prANa-nigraha na karaka sIdhe mana kA nirodha kiyA jAtA hai| rAjayoga ke binA haThayoga vyartha samajhA jAtA hai| rAjayoga kA yaha siddhAnta hai ki haThayoga rAjayoga kI prApti ke lie Avazyaka nahIM, varana kiJcit bAdhaka hai| pAtaJjalayogasUtra se sambandhita sAhitya maharSi pataJjali praNIta yogasUtra se sambandhita sAhitya meM una sabhI bhASyoM, TIkAoM, upaTIkAoM aura vRttiyoM kA samAveza hotA hai jo yogadarzana ke nigUr3ha rahasyoM ko udghATita karane ke lie samaya-samaya para likhe gye| yogasUtra para tIna bhASya upalabdha hote haiM - (1) vyAsabhASya (2) jJAnAnandabhASya (3) svaaminaaraaynnbhaassy| inameM se sabase prAmANika bhASya vyAsamuni kA hai jisameM sUtroM ke arthoM ko atyanta sAragarbhita zailI meM samajhAyA gayA hai| pAtaJjalayogasUtroM ke rahasyoM ko samajhane ke lie vyAsabhASya pravezadvAra ke tulya hai| vyAsabhASya ke gahana tatvoM ke spaSTIkaraNa hetu vAcaspatimizra ne tattvavaizAradI, vijJAnabhikSu ne yogavArtika tathA hariharAnanda AraNyaka ne bhAsvatI nAmaka TIkAe~ likhI haiN| yogasUtra ke marma ko samajhane ke lie ye TIkAe~ atyanta upayogI haiN| tattvavaizAradI ke kaThina zabdoM evaM vAkyoM ko subodha banAne ke lie rAghavAnanda sarasvatI ne 'pAtaJjalarahasya' nAmaka upaTIkA kI racanA kI hai| sUtroM ke bhAvArtha ko samajhane ke lie bhASyakAroM evaM TIkAkAroM ke sAtha-sAtha aneka vRttikAroM ne bhI apanA-apanA yogadAna diyA hai, jinameM

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya se kucha vRttiyA~ prakAzita haiM aura kucha aprkaashit| udAharaNataH bhojadeva kRta rAjamArtaNDa, nArAyaNatIrtha kRta sUtrArthabodhinI, anantadeva paNDitakRta padacandrikA, nAgezabhaTTakRta yogasUtra- laghvIvRtti, nAgezabhaTTa kRta yogasUtra- bRhatIvRtti, bhAvAgaNezakRta yogasUtravRtti (yogadIpikA), nArAyaNatIrthakRta yogasiddhAntacandrikA, sadAzivendra sarasvatIkRta yogasudhAkara, yazovijayakRta yogasUtravRtti, udayaMkarakRta yogasUtravRtti (aprakAzita), rAmAnanda sarasvatIkRta maNiprabhA, kSemAnanda dIkSitakRta navayogakallolavRtti aprakAzita, jJAnAnandakRta yogasUtravRtti, bhavadevakRta abhinava bhASya (aprakAzita), bhavadevakRta yogasUtraTippaNa, mahAdevakRta yogasUtravRtti, rAmAnujakRta yogasUtrabhASya, vRndAvana zuklakRta yogasUtravRtti (aprakAzita), zivazaMkarakRta yogasUtravRtti, zaMkara bhagavatpAdakRta pAtaJjalayogasUtrabhASya-vivaraNam, rAdhAnandakRta pAtaJjalarahasyaprakAza, umApati mizra praNIta yogasUtravRtti (aprakAzita), svAmI hariprasAdakRta yogasUtra- vaidikavRtti, baladeva mizrakRta yogapradIpikA.. gopAla mizrakRta yogasUtravRtti, udayavIra zAstrIkRta vidyodaya bhASya, svAmI darzanAnaMda kRta yogasUtrabhASya, svAmI tulasIrAmakRta yogasUtrabhASya, tathA vRndAnanda zuklakRta vRtti Adi / hindI, gujarAtI, marAThI, baMgalA Adi pracalita rAjabhASAoM meM yogasUtra kA anuvAda tathA vivecana huA hai / aMgejI, phreMca, jarmana Adi videzI bhASAoM meM bhI yogasUtra kA anuvAda kiyA gayA hai| inameM vuDaskRta bhASya evaM TIkA sahita mUla yogasUtra kA anuvAda viziSTa hai| uparyukta vivecana se pAtaJjalayoga sAhitya kI samRddhi kA kucha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| 7 5. jainayoga- sAhitya jainayoga kI paramparA evaM vikAsakrama ko jAnane ke lie jainayoga saMbaMdhI pramukha granthoM kA saMkSipta paricaya prApta karanA ucita hogA / Agamayuga se lekara vartamAnayuga taka ke saMpUrNa kAla ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1. Agamayuga 2. madhyayuga arvAcInayuga I0 pU0 chaThI zatI se 7vIM zatI I0 I0 8vIM zatI se 14vIM zatI 15vIM zatI se vartamAna kAla taka 3. ukta tIna kAloM meM racita sAhitya racanA kA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai Agama-yuga (prAcIna kAla ) - ( I0 pU0 chaThI zatI se sAtavIM zatI I0) Agama-yuga meM mukhyataH tapa aura dhyAna para hI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA avalambita thI / ataH usa yuga meM huI yoga saMbaMdhI sAhitya kI racanA para Agama-zailI kA prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| ukta kAla meM pAtaJjalayogasUtrasammata artha meM 'yoga' zabda kA prayoga prAyaH nahIM huA thA / pramukhataH sAmAnya vyApAra (kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika) ke artha meM 'yoga' zabda kA prayoga hotA thA / ' yadyapi jainAgamoM meM 'yoga' zabda yatra-tatra dhyAna, samAdhi Adi yaugika sAdhanoM ke artha meM bhI prayukta huA hai, kintu vaha sAmAnya sAdhanAparaka hai| isa yuga meM huI racanAoM kA varNana isa prakAra hai ww jainAgama sAhitya meM AtmonmukhI sAdhanA kI pracura sAmagrI prApta hotI hai, jise 'jainayoga' kA prArambhika rUpa mAnA jA sakatA hai| jainAgamoM meM 'yoga-sAdhanA' ke artha meM 'dhyAna' zabda prayukta huA hai| kucha Agama 1. kAyavAGmanaH karmayogaH / - tattvArthasUtra. 6 / 1 -

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana granthoM meM dhyAna ke lakSaNa, bheda-prabheda, Alambana Adi kA vistRta varNana hai|' sthAnAMga, sUtrakRtAMga aura bhagavatIsUtra' Adi aMga-Agama granthoM meM saMyama, samAdhi va dhyAna ke artha meM yoga zabda kA prayoga huA hai / uttarAdhyayana meM bhI jaina-sAdhanA paddhati kA atisUkSma va mArmika pratipAdana hai| isameM 'yoga' zabda saMyama evaM samAdhi donoM arthoM meM vyavahRta huA hai| 8 AgamoM ke uparAnta niryukti, cUrNi evaM bhASyoM meM bhI Agama sammata yoga-sAdhanA kA vistRta varNana hai / niryuktiyoM meM vizeSataH 'Avazyakaniryukti' ke 'kAyotsarga adhyayana" meM dhyAna ke lakSaNa va bheda-prabhedoM kA varNana hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM AvazyakasUtravRtti meM bhI dhyAna ke svarUpa, usake bheda evaM sAdhanA kA vistRta vivecana hai| IsA kI prathama zatI meM AcArya kundakunda ne pravacanasAra, samayasAra, niyamasAra, aSTapAhur3a Adi adhyAtma-granthoM kI racanA kara jainaparammparA ke lie sAdhanA kA nayA kSetra kholA / parantu pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM varNita dhyAna kA yoga nAma se ullekha mokSaprAbhRta meM hI milatA hai / kundakunda ke anusAra yaha grantha paramayogiyoM ke usa paramAtma rUpa paramapada kA vyAkhyAna karatA hai, jisako jAnakara tathA nirantara apanI sAdhanA meM yojita karake yogI avyAbAdha, ananta aura anupama nirvANa ko prApta karatA hai| isameM pataJjali ke aSTAMgayoga meM se prANAyAma ko chor3akara zeSa aMgoM kA jaina paramparAnusAra sphuTa varNana bhI upalabdha hai| IsA kI prathama dUsarI zatI se jainaparamparA meM saMskRta bhASA meM grantharacanA kI pravRtti prArambha huI tathA saMskRta meM svatantra sUtragranthoM kI racanA bhI kI gyii| isa zatI ke ullekhanIya sarvaprathama AcArya umAsvAmi (ti) haiM, jinhoMne sarala saMskRta meM 'tattvArthasUtra' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| isa laghu grantha meM jaina-mokSamArga aura usase saMbaMdhita darzana evaM tattvacintana kA gaMbhIra paricaya prApta hotA hai| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ko mokSa kA hetu batAne vAle isa mokSa mArga-pratipAdaka grantha meM jJAna-kriyA, jJeya tathA cAritra kA vivecana hai| yoga-nirUpaNa meM bhI prAyaH cAritra kA hI varNana huA hai, kyoMki cAritra ke pAlana se hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa sambhava hotA hai| IsA kI pAMcavI - chaThI zatI meM pUjyapAda devanandi ne AdhyAtmika anubhUtiyoM ke ajasra srota samAdhitantra" aura iSTopadeza" nAmaka do granthoM kI racanA kI / iSTopadeza meM granthakAra ne yoga ke nirUpaNa ke sAtha-sAtha sAdhaka kI una bhAvanAoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, jinake ciMtana se vaha apana caMcala vRttiyoM ko chor3akara adhyAtma-mArga meM lIna hotA hai tathA bAhya vyavahAroM kA nirodha karake AtmAnuSThAna meM sthira hokara paramAnanda kI prApti karatA hai / 12 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. AcArAMgasUtra, 6/1/5, 7, 6/2/4, 12, 1/4/3, 14, 15, samavAyAMgasUtra, 4/4: sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/1/247 bhagavatIsUtra, 25/7 aupapAtikasUtra, adhyayana 30 sthAnAMgasUtra, 10/33,3/88 evaM abhayadevavRtti sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/2/1/11 bhagavatIsUtra, 18/10/6 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 27/2, 11/14 evaM bRhad vRtti uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 18/4 Avazyaka niryukti, (niryuktisaMgraha) 1476 - 1506 mokSaprAmRta (aSTapAhuDa) 3 (ka) tattvArthasUtra, vivecaka paM0 sukhalAla, bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala (vardhA) san 1612 (kha) tattvArthasUtra, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, san 1676 10. samAdhitantra, vIra sevA mandira TrasTa, sarasAvA, san 1936 11. iSTopadeza, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI san 1654 12. iSTopadeza, 47-46

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA-paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya samAdhitantra' apara nAma 'samAdhizataka' meM dhyAna tathA samAdhi dvArA Atma-tattva ko pahacAnane ke upAyoM kA sundara vivecana hai| isa para prabhAcandra, parvatadharma tathA dazacandra. kI TIkAe~ aura meghacandra kI eka vRtti bhI milatI hai| __ I0 606 meM jinabhadragaNi ne Agama zailI meM jainayoga viSayaka eka mahatvapUrNa grantha kI racanA kI, jo 'dhyAnazataka' nAma se prasiddha hai, jisameM dhyAna, Asana, prANAyAma evaM anuprekSAoM kA sundara vivecana hai| isa para haribhadrasUrikRta TIkA bhI milatI hai| IsA kI chaThI-sAtavIM zatI meM yogIndu deva ne paramAtmaprakAza evaM yogasAra' nAmaka do granthoM kI racanA kii| ina donoM granthoM meM AcArya kundakundakRta mokSaprAbhRta ke anurUpa AtmA ke trividha svarUpoM kI vistRta carcApUrvaka jIva ko saMsAra ke viSayoM se haTAkara, Atmonmukha banAne ke upAyoM kA samucita vivecana hai| madhyayuga (I. 8vIM se 14vIM zatI) madhyayuga meM deza meM aneka sAdhanA paddhatiyA~ pracalita thIM, parantu haThayoga evaM taMtrayoga kA prabhAva adhika thaa| jainAcAryoM meM madhyakAla se tulanAtmaka adhyayana prArambha huaa| vaidika evaM bauddhayoga ke sAtha samanvaya sthApita karanA tathA unheM dRSTi meM rakhate hue apane vaiziSTya kA upasthApana karanA madhyakAla ke jainAcAryoM kI vizeSatA hai| itanA hI nahIM, unake pAribhASika athavA unake samAnAntara zabdoM kA prayoga bhI ukta yuga meM kiyA gyaa| usa kAla meM racita jainayoga-sAhitya kA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai - I0 8vIM zatI meM eka aise mahAn ratna kA prAdurbhAva huA, jisane vaidika evaM bauddha sAhitya meM varNita yogapaddhatiyoM evaM paribhASAoM kA jainapaddhatiyoM se samanvaya sthApita kara jainayoga-paramparA ko eka naI dizA pradAna kii| isa mahAn vibhUti kA nAma hai - hribhdrsuuri| inake mukhya grantha haiM - yogabindu, yogadRSTisamuccaya, yogaviMzikA, yogazataka' evaM ssoddshk| inakA vistRta vivecana Age kiyA jaayegaa| I0 8.6vIM zatI meM AcArya guNabhadra dvArA AtmAnuzAsana' nAmaka kRti yogAbhyAsa kI pUrvapIThikA ke rUpa meM prastuta kI gii| isameM mana ko bAhya viSayoM se haTAkara zuddha AtmasvarUpa kI ora pravRtta karane kI preraNA dI gaI hai| I0 10vIM zatI meM amitagati ne subhASitaratnasaMdoha tathA yogasAraprAbhRta' nAmaka do racanAe~ likhIM, jinameM naitika va AdhyAtmika upadeza ke sAtha muni evaM zrAvakoM ke vrata, dhyAna, cAritra Adi kI carcA hai| I0 1026 (vi0 sa0 1086) kA muni padmanandikRta 'jJAnasAra'" bhI yogaparaka eka mahatvapUrNa prAkRta-grantha hai, jisakA varNya viSaya zubhacandrakRta jJAnArNava ke anusAra hI hai| OM is 1. dhyAnazataka, vinayasundaracaraNa granthamAlA. jAmanagara, vi0 saM0 1647 paramAtmaprakAza aura yogasAra, rAyacandra jaina granthamAlA, bambaI. I0 san 1615 yogabindu, jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, san 1621 yogadRSTisamuccaya, vijayakamala kezaragranthamAlA, khambhAta, vi0 saM0 1662 yogaviMzikA, RSabhadevajI kesarImalajI zvetAMbara saMsthA, ratalAma, 1627 yogazataka, gujarAta vidyAsabhA, ahamadAbAda. 1656. SoDazaka, RSabhadeva jI kesarImala jI jaina zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, vIranirvANa saM0 2462 AtmAnuzAsana, jainasaMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, vi0 saM0 2018 (ka) subhASitaratnasaMdoha, nirNayasAgara presa. bambaI. I0 san 1603 (kha) subhASitaratnasaMdoha. jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, I0 san 1977 10. yogasAraprAbhRta, (saMpA0) jugalakizora mukhtAra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI, san 1966 11. jJAnasAra, digambara jaina pustakAlaya kApaDiyA bhavana, sUrata, vI0ni0 saM0 2470

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana rAmasenAcArya kRta 'dhyAnazAstra' athavA 'tattvAnuzAsana' kA pratipAdya viSaya mukhyataH dhyAna hai| isameM mana kI ekAgratA ke lie dhyAna ko mahatva dete hae dhyAna ke bhedoM va naimittika evaM sahAyaka tattvoM ke sAtha-sAtha mantra, japa, Asana Adi kA bhI vivecana hai| muni rAmasiMha (1100I0 se pUrva) dvArA racita 'pAhuDadohA'2 apabhraMza kI atizaya ullekhanIya AdhyAtmika racanA hai, jisakA yogIndudeva kRta 'paramAtmaprakAza' aura 'yogasAra' se bahuta adhika sAmya hai| isameM jhUThe yogiyoM ko khUba phaTakArA gayA hai| I0 11vIM zatI meM zubhacandrAcArya ne 'jJAnArNava' nAmaka yoga viSayaka grantha kI racanA kii| isameM aSTAMgayoga, haThayoga va tantrayoga ke mahatvapUrNa viSayoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| prANAyAma, bheda-prabheda sahita dhyAna, mantra, japa, zakuna, nAr3I aura pavanajaya Adi viSayoM kA vistRta evaM spaSTa citraNa isa grantha kI vizeSatA hai| isa para tIna TIkAe~ upalabdha haiM - 1. tattvatraya prakAzinI - (digambara AcArya zrutasAgara) 2. nayavilAsa kRta TIkA 3. ajJAtakartRka TIkA I0 12vIM zatAbdI meM hemacandrasUri ne sahasrazlokI 'yogazAstra' kI racanA kii| isakA praNayana satazAstra, sadaguruvacana tathA svAnubhava ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| hemacandra ne isameM yoga kI pAramparika paddhatiyoM kA nirUpaNa kara mana ke cAra prakAra batAye haiN| isameM yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA evaM dhyAna kA bhI vistRta varNana hai| mumukSuoM ke lie yaha kRti bAlakavaca ke samAna hai| isa para unakI svopajJa TIkA tathA nimnalikhita anya TIkAe~ bhI haiM - 1. amarakIrti ke ziSya indranandI kRta yogiramA TIkA, 2. amaraprabhasUri kRta vRtti, 3. ajJAtakartRka TIkA-TippaNa, 4. avacUri (ajJAtakartRka), 5. somasuMdarasUri kRta bAlAvabodha, 6. indrasaubhAgyagaNi kRta vArtika Adi / 13vIM zatAbdI meM paM0 AzAdhara kI kRti 'adhyAtmarahasya apara nAma 'yogoddIpana' prApta hotI hai| isameM AdhyAtmika rahasyoM kA sundara pratipAdana hai| isake atirikta, 'yogasAra' evaM 'yogapradIpa' nAmaka do OM OM908 1. tattvAnuzAsana, vIra sevA mandira TrasTa, dillI, 1663. pAhuDadohA, (saMpA0) hIrAlAla jaina, kAraMjA jaina pablikezana sosAiTI, vi0 saM0 1960 (ka) jJAnArNava, (saMpA0) bAlacandra zAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, san 1627 (kha) jJAnArNava, paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa, vi0 saM0 2037 (ka) yogazAstra, RSabhacandra joharI, kizanalAla jaina, dillI san 1663 (kha) yogazAstra, (saMpA0) go0 jI0 paTela, jaina sAhitya prakAzana samiti ahamadAbAda 1638. (ga) yogazAstra : eka parizIlana, amaramuni, sanmati jJAnapITha AgarA, san 1663. draSTavya : moharAjaparAjaya, (saMpA.) caturvijaya, aMka 1 yogazAstravivaraNa, jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAva nagara, I0 1626 jainasAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa (bhA04), pR0 245 8. adhyAtmarahasya, vIrasevA mandira TrasTa, dillI, san 1657 yogasAra, (ajJAtakartRka), jaina sAhitya vikAsa maNDala, baMbaI, san 1668 10. yogapradIpa, (ajJAtakartRka), jaina sAhitya vikAsa maNDala, baMbaI, I0 san 1660

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA-paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya racanAe~ ajJAtakartRka prApta hotI haiM, jinameM AtmA aura paramAtmA se sambandha sthApita karane ke upAya varNita haiN| 13vIM zatAbdI meM hI ravicandra munIndra kRta 'ArAdhanAsArasamuccaya, 13-16 vIM zatI ke zrI gurudAsa kRta 'yogasArasaMgraha' nAmaka saMskRta-padyAtmaka yoga viSayaka granthoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| arvAcInayuga ( I0 15vIM zatI se vartamAnakAla taka ) arvAcInayuga meM AgamakAla va madhyakAla meM pracalita paramparA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yoga ke viSaya ko adhika spaSTa karane kA kArya prArambha huaa| jainoM dvArA vaidika granthoM para TIkA likhane kA kArya bhI isI yuga meM Arambha huA thaa| isa kAla ke jainayoga sAhitya kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai 15 vIM zatAbdI kI eka kRti muni sundarasUri kI hai| usakA nAma 'adhyAtmakalpadruma'? hai| isameM upadezAtmaka zailI meM yoga kA nirUpaNa hai| yaha kRti mumukSuoM ko mamatA ke parityAga, kaSAyAdi ke nivAraNa va manovijaya se vairAgya patha ke anurAgI banane tathA samatA evaM sAmya kA sevana karane kA upadeza detI hai| bhAskaranandi (16vIM zatI) ne saMskRta bhASA meM 'dhyAnastava' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| isameM 100 padya haiN| isa kRti ko unhoMne apane citta kI ekAgratA ke lie likhA hai| I0 1566 (vi0saM0 1621) meM 'dhyAnadIpikA' nAma se sakalacandra ne saMskRta-padyAtmaka grantha kI racanA kI, jisameM dhyAna ke svarUpa va bhedoM Adi para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / kavi rAjamalla, vi0saM0 1603-62 (16vIM zatI) kRta 'adhyAtmakamalamArtaNDa' nAmaka 200 zloka-parimANa saMskRta-padyAtmaka kRti cAra paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama pariccheda meM mokSa va mokSamArga, dvitIya meM dravya sAmAnya kA lakSaNa, tRtIya meM dravyavizeSa, tathA caturtha meM jIvAdi sAta tattvoM evaM nau padArthoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai| 1. 2. 3. 4. vi0saM0 1666 (I0 1666) meM bhAvavijaya ne 'dhyAnasvarUpa' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| isameM mukhyataH dhyAna kA hI varNana hai| I0 16vIM - 17vIM zatI meM yazovijaya nAmaka eka anya AcArya kA padArpaNa huA, jinhoMne yoga viSayaka aneka granthoM kI racanA kara yoga kI ajastra dhArA pravAhita kI / yathA - adhyAtmasAra, adhyAtmopaniSad, dvAtriMzadddvAtriMzikA" (yogAvatAra battIsI), pAtaJjalayogasUtravRtti, yogaviMzikA TIkA tathA jJAnasAra (aSTaka) / 12 inakA paricaya agrima pRSThoM meM diyA gayA hai| 5. 6. 7. 8. 6. 10. 11. 12. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhA0 4, pR0 255 adhyAtmakalpadruma, nirNayasAgara mudraNAlaya, baMbaI, san 1666 kucha loga inheM 12vIM zatI kA mAnate haiN| dhyAnastava, vIra sevA mandira, dillI, san 1676 dhyAnadIpikA, somacandra zAha, ahamadAbAda, 1616 11 -- adhyAtmakamalamArttaNDa, mANikacandra digambarajaina granthamAlA, vi0 saM0 1663 ullikhita, jinaratnakoza, bhA0 1, pR0 166 adhyAtmasAra, jainadharmaprasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi0saM0 1665 (ka) jJAnasAra, AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, san 1971 (kha) jJAnasAra, omaprakAza jaina, pratApa mArkiTa, dillI, 1668 adhyAtmopaniSad, kezarabAI jJAna bhaNDAra sthApaka, jAmanagara, vi0saM0 1644 dvAtriMzadddvAtriMzikA, yazovijaya, (saMpA0 ) paM0 sukhalAla, jaina AtmAnandasabhA, bhAvanagara, san 1666 pAtaMjalayogadarzana evaM hAribhadrIyA yogaviMziMkA TIkA, (saMpA0) paM0 sukhalAla jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, san 1622

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12 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana vi0saM0 1766 (I0 18vIM zatI) meM devendranandi ne 'dhyAnadIpikA' nAmaka gujarAtI grantha kI racanA kii| isameM 12 bhAvanA, ratnatraya, mahAvrata, dhyAna, mantra tathA syAdvAda kA nirUpaNa hai| kahA jAtA hai ki jo zubhacandra ke jJAnArNava kA lAbha nahIM le sakate, unake lie yaha sArarUpa meM likhI gaI hai| 18.vIM zatAbdI meM vinayavijayagaNi ne 'zAntasudhArasa' kI racanA kI, jo bhAvanAyoga kI sundara kRti hai| 20vIM zatI meM 'jainayoga' ke nAma se pAzcAtya vidvAn Ara. viliyamsa ne eka pustaka likhI, parantu isa pustaka meM jainayoga se sambandhita koI sAmagrI nahIM hai, apitu isameM yoga ke AdhArabhUta zrAvakAcAra (zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata) kA hI vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| vi0saM0 2018 (20vI-21vIM zatI) meM A0 zrItulasI ne 'manonuzAsanam nAmaka eka grantha kI racanA kI, jo pAtaJjalayogasUtra kI bhA~ti sUtrAtmaka zailI meM nibaddha hai| isI yuga meM muni nathamala ne 'jainayoga' nAmaka pustaka likhii| isameM jainayoga kA eka naI zailI se pratipAdana huA hai| 20vIM zatI meM hI AtmArAma jI mahArAja dvArA 'jainAgamoM meM aSTAMgayoga' nAmaka eka laghu kRti kI racanA kI gii| bAda meM lagabhaga 50 varSa bAda 1683 meM isI kRti ko AdhAra banAkara unhoMne 'jainayoga siddhAnta aura sAdhanA" nAmaka bRhad grantha kI racanA kI, jisameM bar3I sundara zailI meM bhAratIya yogavidyA kA tulanAtmaka cintana prastuta karate hue jainayoga kI vizeSatAoM ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai| jainasAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa meM yoga viSayaka kucha anya granthoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jinameM ajJAtakartRka dhyAnavicAra, dhanarAjakRta vairAgyazataka, muni nyAyavijayakRta adhyAtmatattvAloka, vijayasiMhasUrikRta sAmyazataka, ajJAtakartRka yogasAra evaM yogapradIpa, ajJAtakartRka dhyAnacatuSTya, yazaHkIrtikRta dhyAnasAra, nemidAsakRta dhyAnamAlA, ajJAtakartRka samAdhidvAtriMzikA Adi haiN| __jinaratnakoza' meM 'yoga' zabda se prArambha hone vAlI kucha aisI kRtiyA~ nirdiSTa haiM, jinake racayitAoM ke nAma nahIM diye gye| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM-yogadRSTisvAdhyAyasUtra, yogabhakti, yogamAhAtmyadvAtriMzikA, yogaratnasamuccaya, yogaratnAvalI, yogavivekadvAtriMzikA, yogasaMkathA, yogasaMgraha, yogasaMgrahasAra, yogAnuzAsana aura yogAvatAradvAtriMzikA / ye kRtiyA~ prAyaH anupalabdha haiN| inake atirikta kucha aise bhI yoga viSayaka granthoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jinake lekhakoM kA nAma nirdeza kiyA gayA hai - yogataraMgiNI paM0 jinadattasUri yogadIpikA paM0 AzAdhara yogadIpikA yazovijaya yogapradIpa devAnanda yogabhedadvAtriMzikA paramAnanda * Tus 1. dhyAnadIpikA, adhyAtmajJAna prasAraka maNDala, san 1626. 2. zAntasudhArasa, (anu0) manasukha bhAI pI0 mehatA bhagavAnadAsa ma0 mehatA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM02462 3. Jain Yoga, R. Williams, Oxford University Press, London, 1963 manonuzAsanam, jainazvetAmbara terApanthI mahAsabhA, gorakhapura, saMvat 2021. jainayoga, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, yUru. 1678 jainAgamoM meM aSTAMgayoga, AtmArAma jaina prakAzanAlaya, ludhiyAnA, 1633 jainayoga : siddhAnta aura sAdhanA. (saMpA0) zrI amaramuni, AtmajJAnapITha, mAnasA maMDI, paMjAba, 1683 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 4, pR0 288. jinaratnakoza (bhAga 1), bhaNDArakara prAcya vidyA saMzodhana mandira, pUnA, 1644. jinaratnakoza, bhAga 1, pR0 321-325; jainasAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 4, pR0 256 .g .

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA-paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya jinacandra yogaratnamAlA nAgArjuna yogamArga somadeva yogaratnAkara jayakIrti yogalakSaNadvAtriMzikA paramAnanda yogavivaraNa yAdavasUri yogasaMgrahasAra yogasaMgrahasAraprakriyA nandIguru athavA adhyAtmapaddhati yogasAra gurudAsa yogAMga zAntarasa yogAmRta vIrasena deva jinaratnakoza' meM 'adhyAtma' zIrSaka vAlI vividha kRtiyoM kA ullekha hai, jinameM se kisI ke bhI kartA kA nAma vahA~ nahIM diyA gayA / ataH ye saba ajJAtakartRka kahI jA sakatI haiN| inake nAma isa prakAra haiMadhyAtmabheda, adhyAtmakalikA, adhyAtmaparIkSA, adhyAtmaprabodha, adhyAtmabindu, dvAtriMzikA, adhyAtmaliMga aura adhyaatmsaaroddhaar| uparokta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina paramparA meM yogaviSayaka vipula sAhitya kI racanA huI hai| parantu kheda kA viSaya hai ki ukta saba sAmagrI Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| adhikAMza nAmazeSa hI raha gayI hai| Agamayuga se lekara vartamAnayuga taka prAcIna, madhya evaM arvAcIna-tInoM kAloM meM jainayoga-sAhitya para huI grantha racanAoM meM haribhadrasUri, zubhacandrAcArya, hemacandrasUri evaM upA0 yazovijaya kRta yogagrantha jaina samAja meM hI nahIM, jainetara samAja meM bhI prasiddha haiN| unakI prasiddhi, unameM pAI jAne vAlI abhinava vicAradhArA tathA anya vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa hI prastuta prabandha meM inheM adhyayana kA viSaya banAyA gayA hai| ukta cAra jainAcAryoM ko prastuta prabandha kA AdhAra banAne kA eka anya kAraNa yaha bhI thA ki ve apane-apane yuga ke viziSTa pratinidhi the| jahA~ taka haribhadra kA sambandha hai ve eka aise mahAn jainAcArya hae haiM jinheM brAhmaNa (vaidika) aura jainaparamparA meM samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa ko pramukhatA dene kA gaurava prApta huA hai| ve svayaM bhI brAhmaNaparamparA ke eka diggaja vidvAn the, kintu bAda meM unhoMne svecchA se jaina dharma aMgIkAra kara liyA thaa| jainayoga-sAdhanA ko vividha pariprekSyoM meM aura vividha rUpoM meM nirUpita karane evaM pAtaJjalayoga-paramparA ke sAtha samanvayAtmaka dRSTi se upasthApita karane meM ve pUrNataH saphala rahe haiN| isI taraha upA0 yazovijayakRta granthoM ko jainadarzana va nyAya ke vikAsa kI parAkASThA kahA jAe to anucita na hogaa| jahA~ unhoMne vaidikaparamparA ke navya nyAya kI zailI ko aMgIkAra kara, jainadarzana kA sadar3ha tarka-prAsAda khar3A kiyA, vahA~ haribhadrasUri dvArA pravartita cintana-paramparA ko Age bar3hAte hue jainayoga-sAdhanA kA vyApaka va vistRta nirUpaNa bhI kiyA, jo maulika aura Agamika paramparA se sambaddha hone ke sAtha-sAtha tulanAtmaka aura samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa kI dRSTi se sarvathA navIna evaM upayogI sAmagrI prastuta karatA hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, bhAga 1, pR05-6; jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 4 pR0 264

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ukta donoM AcAryoM ke madhya meM hemacandrasUri jahA~ zvetAmbaraparamparA kA pratinidhitva karate haiM, vahA~ A0zubhacandra digambaraparamparA ke haiN| ina donoM AcAryoM ke granthoM kA adhyayana kiye binA jainayoga-sAdhanA kA nirUpaNa ekAMgI rahegA / samagra rUpa se vicAra kiyA jAye to haribhadrasUri zubhacandrAcArya, hemacandrasUri evaM upA0 yazovijaya ye cAra AcArya jainayoga-sAdhanA rUpI bhavana ke AdhArastambha haiN| anya AcArya inhIM cAroM kA kisI na kisI aMza meM anugamana karate pratIta hote haiN| aneka AcArya inhIM cAra AcAryoM dvArA upasthApita vicAradhArA ke RNI haiN| jainayoga-sAdhanA ke saMbaMdha meM jo bhI maulika va svataMtra graMtha likhe gaye haiM, ve jainayoga-sAdhanA ke saba pakSoM ko AMzika rUpa se hI sparza karate haiN| jitane vyApaka va sarvAMgINa dRSTikoNa se ukta cAra AcAryoM ne nirUpaNa kiyA hai, vaisA anya kisI AcArya ne nhiiN| saMkSepa meM, ukta cAra AcAryoM ne jo kucha bhI kahA hai usase koI navIna bAta anya AcArya ne nahIM khii| ina saba dRSTiyoM se prastuta prabandha ke lie ukta AcAryoM kA cayana ucita va saMgata hai| ina cAra AcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita yoga-sAdhanA ke svarUpa kA vivecana karane se pUrva yaha ucita hogA ki inake vyaktitva evaM kRtitva para saMkSepa meM prakAza DAlA jAye / 6. pramukha jainAcAryoM kA vyaktitva evaM kRtitva 14 a. haribhadrasUri T haribhadrasUri zvetAmbara jaina-sampradAya ke labdhakIrti puruSa haiM / sampradAya meM isa nAma ke aneka AcAryoM kA ullekha milatA hai|' parantu yoga-viSayaka graMthoM ke racayitA ke rUpa meM inhIM kA nAma sarvazruta hai / bhadrasUri ne apane graMthoM meM apane samaya va jIvanavRtta kA spaSTa ullekha kahIM nahIM kiyA hai| unake graMthoM meM prApta kucha saMketoM tathA unake samakAlIna' va paravartI lekhakoM ke AdhAra para unake samaya evaM jIvanavRtta viSayaka jAnakArI milatI hai| unake apane granthoM meM diye gaye saMketoM ke AdhAra para, unakI pUrvAvadhi va uttarAvadhi kA nirNaya karanA yahA~ saMgata hogaa| haribhadrasUri ke samaya-saMbaMdhI vivAdAspada prazna para muni jinavijaya, muni kalyANavijaya, pro0 harmana jaikobI aura pro0 ke0 vI0 abhyaMkara ne apane lekhoM dvArA vividha mata vyakta kiye haiN| haribhadrasUri ke samaya se saMbaMdhita nimnalikhita mAnyatAe~ pracalita haiM 1 1. chaThI zatI vi0 saM0 2. 6-10 vIM zatI vi0 saM0 3. 8-6 vI zatI I0 4. I08 vIM zatI 1. 2. 3. - 4. (paramparAgata mAnyatA) (pro0 abhyaMkara tathA harmana jaikobI) (paM0 mahendrakumAra tathA DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI ) ( muni jinavijaya ) jainasAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 882 draSTavya : haribhadrasUri kRta graMthoM ke antima prazasti padya (ka) kahAvalI, bhadrezvara, (amudrita) vi0 saM0 1467 meM likhita, saMghavI pAr3A pATana meM prApta tADapatrIya pothI, khaNDa 2. patra saM0 300 (kha) kuvalayamAlA, udyotanasUri, siMghI jaina zAstra vidyApITha, bambaI, 1656 (ka) upadezapada, haribhadrasUri, TIkA, municandra vi0 saM0 1174, kI prazasti / (kha) gaNadharasArdhazataka, jinadatta, vi0 saM0 1166-1211 (ga) prabhAvakacaritra, candraprabhasUri, zrRMga 6 (gha) prabandhakoSa yA caturviMzatiprabaMdha, rAjazekhara, zrI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA, bambaI, 1632, pR0 46-54 (Ga) gaNadharasArdhazataka bRhada TIkA sumatigaNin, vi0 sa0 1665 (ca) purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, kalakattA, 1636. pR0 42-43

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA-paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya 15 vi0 saM0 chaThI zatI vi0 saM0 585 meM haribhadrasUri ke svargastha hone kI mAnyatA ko aneka purAtattvavettAoM kA samarthana prApta hai| isa kA samarthana anya aneka vidvAnoM ke sAtha muni jayasundaravijaya ne bhI kiyA hai| apane samarthana meM unhoMne nimnalikhita pramANa prastuta kiye haiM - ___ merutuMgAcArya ne 'vicArazreNi' nAmaka graMtha meM 'uktaM ca' kahakara eka prAcIna prAkRta gAthA uddhRta kI hai, jisake anusAra vi0 saM0 585 meM haribhadrasUri kA svargavAsa huA thaa| merutuMgAcArya kI ukta gAthA ko pradyumnasUri ne apane 'vicArasAraprakaraNa' meM aura samayasundaragaNi ne svasaMgRhIta 'gAthAsahasrI' nAmaka prabandha meM uddhRta kiyA hai| isa Azaya kA samarthana kulamaMDanasUri ne 'vicArAmRtasaMgraha'5 meM aura dharmasundara ne 'tapAgacchagarvAvalI meM kiyA hai| mani sandarasari ne saMvata 1466 meM svaracita tapAgacchagarvAvalI meMharibhadrasUri ko mAnadevasUri kA mitra batAyA hai| mAnadeva kA samaya paTTAvaliyoM kI gaNanA aura mAnyatA ke anusAra vi0 kI chaThI zatI mAnA jAtA hai| haribhadrasUri ne laghukSetrasamAsavRtti ke antima zlokoM meM vi0 saM0 580 meM isake samApta hone kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| munijayasundaravijaya jI ne ukta carcA ko mahatva dete hue inakA samaya vikrama kI chaThI zatI svIkAra kiyA hai| isa prakAra uparokta sabhI granthakAroM ke anusAra haribhadrasUri kA sattA-samaya vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI aura svargavAsa kA samaya saM0585 (I0saM0526) hai| ise mAnane meM kaI ApattiyA~ haiM, jinameM mukhya isa prakAra haiM - haribhadrasUri ne apane granthoM meM dharmakIrti (600-650I0), bhartRhari (600-650 I0), dharmapAla (635I0), kumArila (620-680). zubhagupta (640-700I0) aura zAntarakSita (705-732I0) Adi AcAryoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| vi0 saM0 585 meM haribhadrasUri kA svargavAsa mAnane para ina AcAryoM ke ullekha kI saMgati nahIM baiTha paatii| ataH haribhadrasUri kA samaya I0 san 700 ke bAda honA caahie| 1. zAstravArtAsamuccaya evaM syAdvAdakalpalatA, stabaka 1, bhUmikA, pR08-6 2. zrIvIramokSAda dazabhiH zataiH paMcapaMcAzadadhikaiH(1055) zrIharibhadrasUreH svargaH / uktaM ca - paMcasae paNasIe vikkamakAlAu jhatti atthmio| haribhaddasUrisUro bhaviyANaM disau kallANaM / / - vicArazreNi (uddhRta : jainasAhitya saMzodhaka, aMka 1 bhA0 1) vicArasAraprakaraNa, gA0532 4. gAthAsahasrI. (udadhRta : jainasAhitya saMzodhaka, aMka 1 bhA0 1) zrI vIranirvANAt sahasravarSe pUrvazrutavyavacchinnam / zrI haribhadrasUrayastadanu paMcapaMcAzatAvarSadivaM prAptAH ||- vicArAmRta saMgraha (uddhRta : jainasAhitya saMzodhaka, aMka 1 bhA01) 6. zrI vIrAta paMcapaMcAzadadhikasahasravarSe vikramAt paMcAzItyadhikapaMcazatavarSe yAkinIsUnuH zrIharibhadrasUriH svargabhAk / -dharmasAgara, tapAgacchagurvAvalI 7. (ka) abhUda guruH zrI haribhadramitraM, zrImAnadevaH punareva sUriH / yo mAndhato vismRtasUrimantraM, lebhe'mbikA''syAttapasojjayate / / - gurvAvalI. zrIyazovijaya jainagranthamAlA, pR04 (kha) vidyAsamudraharibhadramunIndramitraM sUrirbabhUva punareva hi mAnadevaH / mAndyAt prayAtamapi yo'naghasUrimantraM lebhe'mbikAmukhagirA tapasojjayante / / -- aJcalapaurNamikagacchapaTTAvalI (uddhRta : dharmasaMgrahaNI, jaina pustakoddhAra saMsthA, prastAvanA,patra 28) 8. dinno haribhaddeNa vi, vijjAharavAyaNAe tyaa| ciramittapIitosA, dinno haribhadadasUriNA viio / vijjAharasAhivo, maMto sirimANadevassa / / - bRhadagacchIyasUrividyAprazasti, pR0443-44 laghukSetrasamAsasya vRttireSA samAsataH / racitA'budhabodhArtha zrIharibhadrasUribhiH / / paMcAzItikavarSe vikramato vrajati zuklapaJcamyAm / zukla(kra)sya zukravAre puSye zasye ca nksstre|| - laghukSetrasamAsavRtti, 1-2

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16 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 6-10vIM zatI vi0 saM0 dvitIya mata ke samarthaka pro0 harmana jaikobI tathA pro0 ke0 vI0 abhyaMkara haiN| inake mata meM haribhadrasUri kI sthiti narvI-dasavIM zatI hai| pro0 jaikobI dvArA likhI gaI samarAiccakahA kI prastAvanA ke AdhAra para haribhadrasUri siddharSi ke sAkSAt guru the|' isake pramANasvarUpa unhone upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA ke prazasti padya prastuta kiye haiM jinameM siddharSi ne haribhadrasUri ko apanA guru svIkAra kiyA hai| isake AdhAra para jaikobI ne haribhadrasUri kA samaya vi0 kI 10vIM zatAbdI siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| pro0 abhyaMkara ne haribhadrasUri para zaMkarAcArya kA prabhAva batAte hue unheM zaMkarAcArya kA pazcAtvartI mAnA hai| sAmAnyataH sabhI vidvAna zaMkarAcArya kA samaya 78.I0 se 120 I. mAnate haiN| pro0 abhyaMkara : haribhadrasUri ko siddharSi kA sAkSAt guru mAnane ke pakSa meM haiN| ve haribhadrasUri kA samaya zaMkarAcArya aura siddharSi ke madhyavartI arthAt vi0 saM0 800 se 150 siddha karate haiN|' I05-6 vIM zatI __paM0 mahendrakumAra ke mata meM haribhadrasUri kA samaya I0720 se 810 hai, jabaki DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI unakA samaya I0 730 se 830 mAnate haiN| isaprakAra donoM vidvAn paraspara matabheda rakhate hue bhI isa bAta para sahamata haiM ki A0 haribhadra 8vIM-6vIM zatI meM he| paM0 mahendrakumAra ne kucha anya tathyoM para prakAza DAlate hue kahA hai ki haribhadrasUri ke 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya" meM kucha aise zloka milate haiM jo jayantabhaTTa kI nyAyamaMjarI meM bilkula vaise hI diye gaye haiN| jayanta kI nyAyamaMjarI kA racanAkAla I0 san 800 ke lagabhaga mAnA jAtA hai| isa samaya meM haribhadrasUri avazya rahe hoNge| isake atirikta akaMlakadeva kA prabhAva bhI haribhadrasUri ke graMthoM meM spaSTa dRSTigocara hotA hai| bahuta sambhava hai ki akalaMkadeva va haribhadrasUri donoM samakAlIna rahe hoN| akalaMka deva kA samaya I0720-780 hai| nyAyamaMjarI ke uparokta zloka ko jayantabhaTTa kI nyAyamaMjarI kA mAnane para haribhadrasUri ke samaya kI uttarasImA ko I0 sana 810 taka bar3hAnA pdd'egaa| tabhI ve jayantabhaTTa kI nyAyamaMjarI ko dekha sake hoNge| 1. samarAiccakahA, (saMpA0) jaikobI, prastAvanA, pR0 1-3 AcAryaharibhadro me, dharmabodhakaro guruH / prastAve bhAvato hanta, sa evAdye niveditaH / / viSaM vinirdhUya kuvAsanAmayaM, vyacIcaradyaH kRpayA mdaashye| acintyavIryeNa suvAsanAsudhAM, namo'stu tasmai haribhadrasUraye / / anAgataM parijJAya, caityvNdnsNshryaa| madarthava kRtA yena, vRttillitvistraa|| - upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA, prazastipadya, 15-17 yadyapi prazastipadya meM saMvat kA nAmollekha nahIM huA hai. tathApi jyotiSagaNanA ke AdhAra para ukta tithi vi0 saM0 pahalI maI 606 siddha hotI hai| viMzativiMzikA, (prastAvanA) ke0 vI0 abhyaMkara, pR07 draSTavya : siddhivinizcaya, nyAyakumudacandra tathA akalaMkagraMthatraya kI prastAvanA / haribhadra ke prAkRta kathAsAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana, pR046 rolambagavalavyAlatamAlamalinatviSaH / vRSTiM vyabhicarantIha naivaM prAyAH payomucaH / / - SaDdarzanasamuccaya, gA0 20 gambhIragarjitArambhanirbhinnagirigaharAH / rolamcagavalavyAlatamAlamalinatviSaH / / tvaMgattaDillatAsaMgapizaMgotuMgavigrahAH / vRSTiM vyabhicarantIha naiva prAyAH payomucaH / / - nyAyamaMjarI, pR0 117

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA-paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya haribhadrasUri kA jIvana lagabhaga 60 varSoM kA thA / ataH unakA jIvanakAla I0 san 720 se I0 810 ke madhya honA caahiye| DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI ke anusAra udyotanasUri ne 'kuvalayamAlAkahA' meM haribhadrasUri ko apanA siddhAnta-guru mAnA hai aura unakI prakhyAta prAkRta kRti 'samarAiccakahA' kA bar3e gaurava ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki haribhadrasUri udyotanasUri ke samakAlIna haiN| udyotanasUri ne 'kuvalayamAlAkahA' kI samApti kA samaya eka dina nyUna zak savaMt 700 arthAt zak saMvat 700 kI caitra kRSNa caturdazI likhA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki haribhadrasUri zaka saMvat 700 arthAt I0 778 (vi0 saM0 835) taka vidyamAna the| ___ DaoN0 zAstrI ne jayanta kI 'nyAyamaMjarI' tathA haribhadrasUri ke 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' grantha meM prApta zlokoM ke AdhAra para donoM ko samakAlIna batAyA hai jo tarkasaMgata nahIM hai| vastutaH jayantabhaTTa tathA haribhadrasUri donoM ne hI ukta zloka kisI tRtIya granthakAra trilocana (vAcaspati mizra ke guru) ke grantha se lie haiN| DA0 zAstrI ne kucha anya mahatvapUrNa tathyoM para dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai| haribhadrasUri ne anekAntajayapatAkA kI TIkA meM saTIka nayacakra ke racayitA mallavAdI kA nirdeza kiyA hai| DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI ke anusAra haribhadrasUri mallavAdI ke samasAmayika vidvAn the| mallavAdI kA samaya pahale bhrAntivaza vIra nirvANa saMvat 884 arthAt vi0 saM0 414 mAnA jAtA rhaa| bAda meM vIra nirvANa saMvat ke sthAna para vIra vikrama saMvatsara pATha ko mAnya kiyA gayA aura mallavAdI kA samaya vi0 saM0884 arthAt 827 I0 mAnA jAne lgaa| uparyukta carcA ke prakAza meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki haribhadrasUri 700 I0 se lekara 827 I0 ke kucha samaya pazcAt taka jIvita rhe| mallavAdI kI tithi ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue haribhadrasUri kA samaya 730 I0 se lekara 830 I0 ke lagabhaga mAnA jA sakatA hai| isase udyotanasUri ke sAtha unake guru-ziSya sambandha kA bhI nirvAha ho jAtA hai| muni jinavijaya (I0 8vIM zatI0) muni jinavijaya ke matAnusAra haribhadrasUri ke samaya kI pUrvasImA unake granthoM meM ullikhita anya granthakAroM ke samaya se bhI nirdhArita kI jA sakatI hai| unhoMne haribhadrasUri ke samaya kI pUrvasImA nirdhArita karane ke lie unhIM ke dvArA ullikhita 32 granthakAroM aura 2 granthoM (vAsavadattA aura priyadarzanA) kI nAmAvalI taiyAra kI hai| isameM samaya kI dRSTi se pramukha AcArya haiM - dharmakIrti (600-650I0), bhartRhari 1. siddhivinizcaya TIkA, prastAvanA, pR051-52 2. so siddhateNa gurU juttI-satthehi jassa haribhaddo / bahu-sattha-gatha-vitthara-patthAriya-payaDa-savvattho / / - kuvalayamAlAkahA, pR0282, anuccheda 430 jo icchai bhavavirahaM bhavavirahaM ko Na vaMdae suyaNo / samaya-saya-sattha-guruNo samaramiyaMkAkahA jassa / / - vahI, pR0 4 anuccheda 6 saga-kAle volINe varisANa saehiM sattahiM gaehiM / ega-diNeNUNehiM raiyA avaraha-velAe / / - vahI, pR0 283. anuccheda 430 haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana, pR046 (ka) ukta ca vAdimukhyena-mallavAdinA sammatau-svaparetyAdi / - anekAntajayapatAkA, svo0 vR0 pR058 (kha) uktaM ca vAdimukhyena mallavAdinA sammatau kimityAha - na viSayagrahaNa ....| - vahI pR066 7. haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana, pR0 46 pUrvAcArya dharmapAla-dharmakIrtyAdibhiH .....1- anekAntajayapatAkA, pR0 57 6. zabdArthatattvavidaH bhartRhariH ..... 1 - vahI, pR0 366 r fy n

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (600-650I0), dharmapAla (635 I0), kumArila' (I0 620 se680 taka), zubhagupta (640-700I0) aura zAntirakSita (705-732 ii0)| aMtaH spaSTa hai ki haribhadrasUri kI pUrvasImA 700 I0 hai| cUMki udyotanasUri (778 I0) ne haribhadrasUri ko guru rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai, ataH 778 I0 ko unakI uttarAvadhi mAnanA caahiye| isaprakAra haribhadrasUri kA sthitikAla I0 700 se 770 ke madhya mAnanA saMgata hogaa| ___ muni jinavijaya ne pro0 abhyaMkara ke mata ke viparIta haribhadra ko zaMkarAcArya kA pUrvavartI mAnA hai| unakA kathana hai ki yadi zaMkarAcArya haribhadra se pahale vidyamAna hote to unakA ullekha haribhadra ne apane granthoM meM avazya kiyA hotA kyoMki haribhadra ne apane pUrvavartI prAyaH sabhI dArzanikoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| zaMkarAcArya ne jainadarzana ke syAdvAdasiddhAMta va saptabhaMgInyAya kA khaNDana kiyA hai| yadi zaMkarAcArya haribhadra se pUrva hue hote to haribhadra unakA nAmollekha athavA unake khaMDana ke tarkoM kA pratyuttara avazya dete| isase spaSTa hai ki haribhadrasUri zaMkarAcArya se pahale hue haiM aura zaMkarAcArya haribhadrasUri ke svargagamana ke pazcAt prAdurbhUta hue| ___ A0 haribhadra ko siddharSi kA guru mAnakara unheM 6vIM-10vIM zatI taka le jAne kI mAnyatA kI AlocanA karate hue muni jinavijaya jI likhate haiM ki vAstava meM A0 haribhadra siddharSi ke sAkSAt guru nahIM the, paramparA-guru the| muni jinavijaya ne 'haribhadrasUri kA samaya nirNaya' nAmaka lekha meM kuvalayamAlAkahA ke prazasti padya ke anAgata' zabda ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki haribhadrakRta 'lalitavistarAvRtti' ke adhyayana se siddharSi kA kuvAsanA viSa dUra huA thaa| siddharSi ke vicAra se haribhadra kA lalitavistarA kI racanA kA kArya bhaviSyakAlIna upakAra kI dRSTi se hai| isI kAraNa siddharSi ne usa vRtti ke racayitA ko apanA dharmabodhakaguru mAna liyaa| ukta matoM kI samIkSA A0 haribhadra kA samaya vi0 saM0 585 hone kI paramparAgata mAnyatA kathamapi svIkArya nahIM kI jA sakatI, kyoMki ise mAnane meM 7vIM zatI ke dharmakIrti, bhartRhari, dharmapAla, kumArila Adi AcAryoM kA Ao haribhadra dvArA ullekha kiyA jAnA Apattijanaka pratIta hotA hai| isI prakAra A0 haribhadra ko abhyaMkara dvArA. zaMkarAcArya kA pazcAtvartI mAnanA bhI aneka yuktiyoM ke Aloka meM svataH khaNDita ho jAtA hai| yadi A0 haribhadra zaMkarAcArya ke pazcAtvartI hote to ve nizcaya hI unake siddhAntoM kI samIkSA apane granthoM meM krte| __ A0 haribhadra, siddharSi aura udyotanasUri ina donoM meM se kisI eka ke hI sAkSAt guru ho sakate haiM, donoM ke kadApi nhiiN| muni jinavijayajI ne aneka yuktiyoM ke AdhAra para A0 haribhadra ko udyotanasUri kA sAkSAt guru aura siddharSi kA paramparAguru siddha kiyA hai, yaha ucita bhI pratIta hotA hai| siddharSi ne dra ko dharmabodhaka garu mAnA hai, kyoMki haribhadra kI lalitavistarA ko paDha kara siddharSi kI kuvAsanA dUra huI thii| isaprakAra pro0 abhyaMkara aura harmana jaikobI dvArA A0 haribhadra ko siddharSi kA sAkSAt guru mAnane kI mAnyatA nirasta ho jAtI hai| __DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI dvArA A0 haribhadra ko mallavAdI (I0 826) kA paravartI batAyA jAnA bhI parIkSaNIya hai| vastutaH mallavAdI nAma ke do vidvAn hue haiN| Ao haribhadra ne 'anekAntajayapatAkA' meM dvAdazAranayacakra' ke praNetA jisa mallavAdI kA smaraNa kiyA hai, vaha I0 cauthI zatI meM hae dasare 1. Aha ca kumaarilaadi....| - zAstravArtAsamuccaya, zlokAMka, 266, svo0 TI0 2. AcAryaharibhadrasya samayanirNayaH, jainasAhityasaMzodhaka granthamAlA, aMka 1, pR0 6. 10 3. vahI

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA-paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya 19 mallavAdI AcArya, jinhoMne dharmottarakRta 'nyAyabinduTIkA' para TippaNI likhI, haribhadra ke bAda I0 6vIM zatI meM hue haiN| ina donoM mallavAdI nAmaka AcAryoM ko eka samajhakara nemicandra zAstrI ne A0 haribhadra kA samaya 6vIM zatI I0 siddha karane kA jo prayAsa kiyA hai vaha nirdhAnta nahIM hai| muni jinavijaya kA ukta mata saba bhrAntiyoM ko nirasta kara detA hai, isalie vahI tarkasaMgata pratIta hotA hai| kintu isa mata ko mAnane meM jo mukhya Apatti hai, vaha vikrama saMvat 585 meM haribhadra ke svargavAsa kA ullekha kiyA jAnA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne yaha sujhAva diyA hai ki 'vicArasAraprakaraNa' Adi meM haribhadra ke svargavAsa kI jo tithi 585 saMvat batAI gaI hai, use vikrama saMvat kI apekSA gupta saMvat samajhanA caahie| gupta saMvat kA prArambha I0 185-186 ke AsapAsa huA thaa| isa prakAra haribhadra kA samaya gupta saMvat 585 arthAt I0 770 ke AsapAsa siddha hotA hai| isake atirikta, A0 haribhadra ke granthoM meM jo sAMskRtika sAmagrI prApta hotI hai, vaha bhI AThavIM zatI meM A0 haribhadra ke astitva ko puSTa karatI hai| ataH muni jinavijaya jI dvArA pratipAdita mata kI satyatA sthApita ho jAtI hai| isa mata ko prAyaH sabhI vidvAnoM ne mAnya ghoSita kiyA hai| saMkSepa meM, A0 haribhadra kA samaya 8 vIM zatI mAnanA hI ucita hai| jIvana paricaya A0 haribhadra ke jIvanavRtta ke viSaya meM jAnakArI dene vAle granthoM meM sabase adhika prAcIna samajhI jAnevAlI bhadrezvara kRta 'kahAvalI'2 nAmaka prAkRta kRti hai| 'kahAvalI' ke anusAra inakA janmasthAna 'piyU~gaI baMbhapuNI hai jabaki anya granthoM meM inakA janmasthAna cittaur3a - citrakUTa mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi ye donoM sthAna-nirdeza bhinna haiM tathApi inameM vizeSa visaMgati nahIM honI cAhie kyoMki saMbhavataH baMbhapuNI (jisakA saMketa brahmapurI se milatA hai) kA saMbaMdha cittaur3a se athavA usake samIpastha kisI brAhmaNa bastI se rahA hogaa| inakA janma eka brAhmaNa parivAra meM huA thaa| pitA kA nAma zaMkarabhaTTa aura mAtA kA nAma gaMgA thaa| haribhadra ne apanI prArambhika zikSA kahA~ aura kisase prApta kI, isakA kahIM koI nirdeza nahIM miltaa| parantu yaha to svAbhAvika hI hai ki janmataH brAhmaNa hone ke kAraNa unakA prArambhika vidyAbhyAsa brAhmaNa paramparAnukUla hI huA hogaa| unhoMne kisI acche brAhmaNa vidyAguru athavA vidyAguruoM ke pAsa vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, darzana aura dharmazAstra Adi saMskRta-pradhAna vidyAoM kA gaharA aura pakkA parizIlana kiyA, aura caudaha prakAra kI vidyAoM para Adhipatya prApta kiyaa| 1. AcAryaharibhadrasya samayanirNayaH, jainasAhityasaMzodhaka granthamAlA aMka 1, pR06, 10 yaha kRti amudrita hai| isakI hastalikhita prati pATana ke jaina bhaNDAra meM upalabdha hai| isakA racanA samaya nizcita nahIM hai, parantu itihAsajJa ise vikrama kI 12vIM zatI ke AsapAsa kA mAnate haiM / draSTavya : saMghavI pADA pATana ke jaina bhaNDAra kI vi0 saM0 1467 meM ullikhita tADapatrIya pothI, khaNDa 2. patra 300vAM (ka) haribhadrasUrikRta upadezapada para caMdraprabhasUrikRta TIkA (kha) gaNadharasArdhazataka para sumatigaNikRta vRtti (ga) candraprabhasUrikRta prabhAvakacaritra, navam zrRMga, zlo05 (gha) rAjazekharasUrikRta prabaMdhakoza, vi.saM. 1405, pR060 saMkaro nAma bhaTo tassa gaMgA nAma bhttttinnii| tIse haribhado nAma paMDio putto| - draSTavya : kahAvalI patra saM0 300 6. samadarzI AcArya haribhadra, pR0 10

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20 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana haribhadra adbhuta pratibhAzAlI sampanna vidvAn the, isalie unheM cittaur3a rAjya ke jitAri nAmaka rAjA kA purohita banane kA avasara milaa|' rAjadarabAra meM unakI acchI pratiSThA thii| rAjapurohita ke sammAna meM jaya-jaya ke nAroM se vAtAvaraNa guMjAyamAna ho jAtA thaa| unakI kIrti diganta taka phailI huI thii| haribhadra paNDitoM meM agraNI the| unheM SaDdarzanoM kA talasparzI pANDitya aura vedavidyAoM meM parama-niSNAtatA prApta thii| isI kAraNa unheM 'vAdIndu' aura 'vidvat-ziromaNi' kahA jAtA thaa| apanI asAdhAraNa pratibhA para unheM bahuta garva thaa| unakA yaha vizvAsa thA ki saMsAra meM aisI koI bhI vidyA nahIM hai jise ve na jAnate hoM athavA jise samajhane meM unheM koI kaThinAI hotI ho| kahA jAtA hai ki samasta jambUdvIpa meM unake jaisA vidvAn koI nahIM hai, ise ghoSita karane ke lie ve hAtha meM jambU vRkSa kI zAkhA rakhA karate the| unakI yaha pratijJA thI ki yadi kabhI kisI zAstra yA vacana kA artha samajhane meM ve asaphala raheMge, to use samajhane ke lie unheM kisI kA bhI ziSyatva grahaNa karane meM koI saMkoca nahIM hogaa| saMyogavaza eka dina aisA hI huaa| eka choTI sI ghaTanA ne unake sAre jIvana ko parivartita kara diyaa| eka bAra ve eka jaina upAzraya ke pAsa se gujara rahe the| usa samaya upAzraya meM yAkinI mahattarA nAmaka eka jaina sAdhvI AgamoM kA pATha kara rahI thii| usake mukha se uccarita eka prAkRta gAthA kA artha haribhadra kI samajha meM nahIM aayaa| ve upAzraya meM gae aura mahattarA jI se ukta gAthA kA artha pUchA, tathA pratijJAnusAra ziSyatva pradAna karane kI prArthanA kii| sAdhvI ne unheM apane guru A0 jinadattasUri, jo vidyAdhara kula ke A0 jinabhaTTa ke gurubhAI the, ke pAsa jAne ke lie khaa| prAtaHkAla hote hI haribhadra jinadattasari ke pAsa phuNce| unake mArga meM vaha jaina mandira bhI AyA jahA~ eka bAra eka unmatta hAthI se bacane ke lie unhoMne Azraya liyA thA, aura "vapureva tavAcaSTe spaSTamiSTAnnabhojanam" kahakara jinapratimA kA upahAsa kiyA thaa| Aja usa vAkya ko smaraNa kara unakA hRdaya tapa rahA thaa| hRdaya ke bhAva nirmala ho jAne se punaH prasphuTita hone vAlI usa kavitA kA rUpa aba sarvathA bhinna ho gayA thaa| garucaraNoM ke samIpa paha~cakara jaba haribhadra ne yAkinI mahattarA dvArA gAyI jAne vAlI gAthA kA artha pUchA to unhoMne jainadharma svIkAra kie binA usakA artha batAne se inkAra kara diyaa| antataH haribhadra ne jinadattasUri ke pAsa jaina dIkSA aMgIkAra kI aura sAtha hI apanI pratijJA kA pAlana karane ke lie yAkinI mahattarA ko apanI dharmamAtA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyaa| haribhadra ne apanI kRtiyoM ke anta meM apane Apako "dharmato yAkinImahattarAsanaH" kahakara mahattarA jI ke prati apanA bahumAna pradarzita kiyA hai| A0 haribhadra vaidikadarzana ke pAragAmI vidvAn to pahale hI the| jaina dIkSA aMgIkAra kara lene ke pazcAt unhoMne jainaparamparA ke anekavidha zAstroM kA bhI pAragAmI avagAhana kiyA aura aba ve saMskRta vAGmaya Mu 1. prabhAvakacarita, 6/7 paribhavanamatirmahAvalepAt kSitisalilAmbaravAsinA budhAnAm / avadAraNajAlakAdhirohaNyapi sa dadhau tritayaM jayAbhilASI / / sphuTati jaTharamatra zAstrapUrAditi sa dadhAvudare suvarNapaTTam / mama samamatirasti naiva jambUkSitivalaye vahate latAM ca jambvAH / / - prabhAvakacarita, 6/6.10 jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 157 cakkidugaM haripaNagaM paNagaM cakkINa kesavo cakkI / kesava cakkI kesava ducakkI kesI ya cakkI ya / / - Avazyakaniyukti, 421: prabhAvakacarita, 6/21 5. prabhAvakacarita,6/17 vapureva tavAcaSTe bhagavan ! vItarAgatAm / na hi koTarasaMsthe'gnau tarurbhavati zAdvalaH / - prabhAvakacarita, 6/26 7. draSTavya : haribhadrasUrikRta AvazyakasUtravRtti tathA upadezapada kI prazasti /

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA-paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya ke atirikta prAkRta Adi itara bhASA vAGmaya meM bhI niSNAta ho ge| unakI sarvatomukhI pratibhA, vidvattA evaM yogyatA se prabhAvita hokara guru ne unheM apanA paTTadhara ziSya banA liyA aura AcArya pada para niyukta kiyaa| jaise-jaise haribhadra ko jaina darzana ke gUr3ha rahasyoM kA jJAna milatA gayA, vaise-vaise unakI AtmA meM vairAgya evaM saMvega kI tIvra bhAvanA prabala hotI gyii| unhoMne parizrama, niSThA aura gurubhakti ke sAtha adhyayana karate hue alpa samaya meM hI jinAgama ke sUkSma siddhAMtoM kA talaspazI jJAna arjita kara liyaa| A0 haribhadra ke aneka ziSya the, jinameM haMsa aura paramahaMsa nAmaka do ziSyoM kI kathA 'prabhAvakacarita',2 'prabandhakoza' Adi granthoM meM milatI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki ve donoM ziSya bauddha siddhAntoM kA adhyayana karane kI icchA se kisI bauddhamaTha meM gupta rUpa se ge| vahA~ jaina sAdhu hone kI zaMkA hone para bauddha guru ne unakI parIkSA lenI caahii| unhoMne parIkSA ke lie vATikA ke dvAra para jinapratimA kI sthApanA kara saba ziSyoM ko usa para caraNa rakhakara calane kA Adeza diyaa| haMsa aura paramahaMsa ne pratimA para khaDiyA miTTI se tIna rekhAe~ khIMcakara jinapratimA ko buddha pratimA meM parivartita kara diyA aura usako lAMghakara Age bar3ha ge| bauddhoM ne unakI cAlAkI jAna lI aura unakI hatyA karanI caahii| bauddhoM ke ukta SaDyaMtra kA jJAna hote hI unhoMne vaha sthAna chor3a diyaa| bauddha rAjA ke sainya ne unakA pIchA kiyaa| lar3ate-lar3ate haMsa kI to mRtyu ho gaI, paranta dUsare bhAI paramahaMsa ko bauddhoM se zAstrArtha karane ke lie bAdhya honA pdd'aa| bauddha parAjita ho gae aura unhoMne paramahaMsa kI bhI hatyA karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| paramahaMsa bhAgane meM saphala ho gayA aura guru (haribhadra) ke samIpa pahu~cakara saba vRttAMta sunaayaa| pazcAt apane bhAI kI mRtyu ke zoka ke kAraNa vaha bhI mRtyu ko prApta ho gyaa| ___ bauddhoM dvArA apane ziSyoM kI hatyA kiye jAne kA samAcAra sunakara A0 haribhadra bahuta kSubdha hue aura unhoMne bauddhoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara mRtyudaNDa dene kA nizcaya kiyaa| parAjita dala ko garma tela ke kuNDa meM jalanA par3egA - isa nirNaya ke sAtha zAstrArtha prArambha huaa| haribhadra vijayI hue| bauddhAcArya hArane para, kholate hue kar3Ahe meM DAla die gaye / A0 haribhadra ke guru jinadatta ko jaba ukta ghaTanA kI sUcanA milI to unhoMne haribhadra ke kopa ke zamana hetu tIna gAthAe~ likhakara bhejiiN| A0jinadatta dvArA preSita ina zlokoM ko par3hate hI haribhadra kA kopa zAnta ho gayA aura ve isa mahAhatyA se virata hue| kahA jAtA hai ki ukta tIna gAthAoM ke AdhAra para hI A0 haribhadra ne 'samarAdityakathA' (samarAiccakahA) kI racanA kii| aisA bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki unhoMne 1440 bauddhoM kA saMhAra karane kA saMkalpa kiyA thA, ataH usake prAyazcita ke taura para unhoMne utane granthoM kI racanA kii| jaikobI likhate haiM ki koI bhI sUkSmadarzI vyakti ukta kathA ko haribhadra ke jIvana ke tathyAtmaka vRtta ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kregaa| pro0 jaikobI kI ukta mAnyatA ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| yaha satya hai ki madhyakAla meM kucha aMzoM meM pArasparika sAMpradAyika dveSa rahA, kintu ukta kathA ko yathAvat svIkAra karane meM sabase pramukha Apatti yaha hai ki haribhadra se sambaddha ukta kathA se bahuta kucha milatI julatI kathA akalaMkadeva ke viSaya meM bhI samarAiccakahA, (saMpA0) jaikobI, prastAvanA, pR0 365 2. prabhAvakacaritra, pR065-68 3. prabandhakoza, pR050-51; nyAyakumudacandra kI prastAvanA, pR032-35 4. prabhAvakacarita,6/182-187 purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha, pR0 105 prabaMdhakoza, pR052 7. jaikobI, samarAiccakahA, prastAvanA, pR0 17 us

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22 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prApta hotI hai| dUsarI Apatti yaha hai ki eka ahiMsA vratadhArI jainamuni ke lie sAmpradAyika vidveSa kI ukta carama sImA taka pahu~canA kathamapi saMbhava nahIM hai| guru ke upadeza se A0 haribhadra ne apane cintana ko mor3A aura ziSyasaMtati ke sthAna para jJAnasaMtati ke vikAsa meM rata hue| unakI vRttiyoM kA zodhana huA, para ziSyoM kI virahavedanA unake hRdaya meM kama nahIM huii| ataH unhoMne apane pratyeka grantha ke anta meM, kisI na kisI taraha arthasambandha ghaTAkara 'bhavaviraha' athavA 'viraha' zabda kA prayoga avazya kiyA hai| Aja bhI unake granthoM kI pahacAna anta meM prayukta 'viraha' zabda se kI jAtI hai| isalie haribhadra 'virahAMka kavi' bhI kahe jAte haiN| __ A0 haribhadra sarala evaM saumya prakRti puruSa the| jainadharma ke prati unakI ananya zraddhA thii| unakA hRdaya niSpakSatApUrNa thaa| ve udAracetA sAdhu evaM satya ke upAsaka the| dharma aura tattva ke vicAroM kA UhApoha karate samaya unhoMne madhyasthatA evaM guNAnurAgatA kI kiJcit bhI upekSA nahIM kii| A0 haribhadra kA bahuzruta vyaktitva vaidika, jaina aura bauddhaparamparA ke gambhIra adhyayana se otaprota thaa| unakI yaha mahAna vizeSatA thI ki unhoMne jitanI saphalatA ke sAtha jainadarzana para likhA, utanI hI gaMbhIratA ke sAtha bauddha aura vaidika viSayoM para bhI apanI lekhanI claaii| khaNDana-maNDana ke samaya meM bhI ve madhura bhASA kA prayoga karate the| umAsvAti, siddhasena divAkara, jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne jisa prakaraNAtmaka paddhati kA pracalana kiyA thA, una prakaraNa racanAoM ko A0 haribhadra ne vyavasthita rUpa diyaa| unake samasta sAhitya meM sabhI bhAratIya cintana-paramparAoM ke paryApta ullekha dekhane ko milate haiN| itanA hI nahIM, vyAvahArika evaM tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para unhoMne jainadharma kI jina-jina viziSTatAoM ko anubhava kiyA, unako taTastha bhAva se apane granthoM meM prakaTa bhI kiyaa| samAdhi-maraNa __ jaina-sAdhanA kI caritArthatA mRtyu ke samaya dekhI jAtI hai| cAhe zrAvaka ho yA muni, sabhI ke lie sallekhanA ke dvArA mRtyu ko varaNa karanA apekSita hotA hai| A0 haribhadra ne bhI apane jIvana ke antima kAla meM anazana aMgIkAra kiyA aura zAntacitta se prANa tyAgakara svargastha hue| kRtitva A0 haribhadrasUri ne samasta saMsArI jIvoM ko pApa, ajJAna, evaM duHkhamaya jIvana se mukti dilAne kI bhAvanA se AcAra, nyAya, tarka, anekAnta, yoga, kathA, stuti evaM jyotiSa Adi anekavidha viSayoM para maulika granthoM kI racanA kii| jainAgama granthoM para saMskRta meM vRtti likhane kA kArya bhI sarvaprathama unhoMne hI prArambha kiyaa| satya ke adhikAdhika nikaTa pahu~cA jA sake, isa dRSTi se unhoMne jainetara darzanoM ke vicAroM ko bhI apane hRdaya meM gahanatA se utArane kA prayAsa kiyaa| ve anekAntavAda ke vizeSa poSaka the| unhoMne anekAntavAda ko dArzanika paramparA meM eka vyAvahArika rUpa dene kA bhI prayatna kiyaa| unakA mata hai ki yukti kI kasauTI para jo bhI tattva parIkSaNa meM kharA utaratA ho, use niHsaMkoca, taTasthabhAva se jIvana 1. nyAyakumudacandra, prathama bhAga, prastAvanA, pR030-32 atizayahRdayAbhirAmaziSyadvayavirahomibhareNa taptadehaH / nijakRtimiha saMvyadhAt samastAM virahapadena yutAM satAM sa mukhyaH / / - prabhAvakacarita, 6/206 virahazabdena haribhadrAcAryakRtatvaM prakaraNasyAveditam, virahAMkatvAd hribhdrsuureriti| - aSTakaprakaraNa (TIkA).pR0 104 4. prabhAvakacarita, 6/221; prabandhakoza, pR0 26

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA-paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya meM utArane kA prayatna karanA caahie|' haribhadrasUri ne vibhinna paramparAoM meM phaile matabhedoM se sAdhaka ko digbhramita hone se bacAne ke lie sAmpradAyika baMdhanoM se Upara uThAne kA prayAsa kiyaa| apane va dUsare matoM meM sAmya darzAne ke lie unhoMne jo tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa apanAyA, vaha unakI vyApaka evaM udAra dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai| pratyeka lekhaka kI apanI viziSTa zailI hotI hai| A0 haribhadra kI bhI apanI nijI zailI hai jo pratibhA ke camatkAra aura bhASAsauSThava se paripUrNa hai| A0 haribhadra kA saMskRta aura prAkRta donoM bhASAoM para pUrNa adhikAra thaa| isalie unhoMne donoM bhASAoM meM gadya evaM padyabaddha granthoM kI racanA kii| _ vistAra, vividhatA aura guNavattA - ina tInoM dRSTiyoM se haribhadra kI racanAe~ jaina sAhitya meM mahatvapUrNa haiN| anuzruti ke anusAra, inakI racanAoM kI saMkhyA 1444 kahI gaI hai| isameM atizayokti ho sakatI hai, parantu yaha to nirvivAda satya hai ki haribhadrasUri ne apane jIvana meM jainasAhitya ko jitanA samRddha kiyA hai, utanA anya kisI ne nahIM / guNaratna, maNibhadra aura vidyAtilaka - tInoM vyAkhyAkAroM ne bar3e Adara ke sAtha haribhadra kA nAma liyA hai tathA eka svara se svIkAra kiyA hai ki haribhadra ne 1400 granthoM kI racanA kI thii| saMbhava hai, zeSa 44 grantha haribhadra nAma ke anya AcAryoM dvArA likhe gaye hoM, jinheM bhramavaza inake sAtha sambaddha kara diyA gayA ho| unake dvArA racita granthasaMkhyA meM kucha vidvAnoM ne matabheda prakaTa kiyA hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha hone vAle unake granthoM meM se vizeSa prasiddha aura pratiSThita granthoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM CM * * mudrita anupalabdha mudrita mudrita mudrita mudrita Agamika prakaraNa anuyogadvAravivRtti AvazyakabRhatTIkA AvazyakasUtravivRtti caityavaMdanasUtravRtti athavA lalitavistarA 5. jIvAbhigamasUtralaghuvRtti 6. nandyadhyayanaTIkA dazavaikAlikaTIkA (ziSyabodhinI) 8. piNDaniyuktivRtti prajJApanApradezavyAkhyA AcAra, upadeza sambandhI grantha aSTakaprakaraNa 2. upadezapada (prAkRta) 3. dharmabindu 4. paMcavastuka (prAkRta) svopajJa saMskRtaTIkA sahita mudrita anupalabdha mudrita mudrita mudrita mudrita mudrita 1. pakSapAto na me vIre na dveSaH kapilAdiSu / yuktimavacanaM yasya tasya kAryaH parigrahaH / / - lokatattvanirNaya, 1/38 jainasAhityasaMzodhaka, bhAga 1, aMka-1, pR0 23 caturdazazatasaMkhyazAstraviracanAjanitajagajjantUpakAraH .... shriihribhdrsuuriH| - SaDdarzanasamuccaya, guNaratnasUrikRta TIkA, pR01 4. caturdazazataprakaraNopakRtajinadharmo bhagavAn zrIharibhadrasUriH / - SaDdarzanasamuccaya, maNibhadrakRta TIkA, upodghAta 5. SaDdarzanasamuccaya, somatilaka(vidyAtilaka)kRta laghudRtti, upodghAta

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24 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana mudrita mudrita anupalabdha mudrita mudrita mudrita mudrita mudrita mudrita mudrita 5. paMcasUtravyAkhyA 6. paMcAzaka (prAkRta) . 7. bhAvanAsiddhi laghukSetrasamAsa yA jaMbUdvIpakSetrasamAsavRtti vargakevalIsUtravRtti 10. bIsa viMzikAe~ (viMzativiMzikA) (prAkRta) 11. zrAvakadharmavidhiprakaraNa (prAkRta) zrAvakaprajJapti (vRtti sahita) 13. sambodhaprakaraNa (prAkRta) hiMsASTaka (svopajJa avacUri sahita ) dArzanika grantha anekAntajayapatAkA (svopajJaTIkA yukta) anekAntavAdapraveza anekAntasiddhi Atmasiddhi 5. tattvArthasUtra-laghuvRtti 6. dvijavadanacapeTA dharmasaMgrahaNI (prAkRta) nyAyapravezaTIkA nyAyAvatAravRtti lokatattvanirNaya 11. zAstravArtAsamuccaya (svopajJaTIkA yukta) 12. SaDdarzanasamuccaya 13. sarvajJasiddhi (svopajJaTIkA sahita) 14. syAdvAdakucodyaparihAra yoga viSayaka grantha yogadRSTisamuccaya (svopajJaTIkA yukta) 2. yogabindu 3. yogaviMzikA (prAkRta), (bIsaviMzikA ke aMtargata) yogazataka 5. SoDazakaprakaraNa mudrita mudrita anupalabdha anupalabdha mudrita mudrita mudrita mudrita mudrita mudrita mudrita mudrita mudrita anupalabdha mudrita mudrita mudrita mudrita mudrita OM kathA-sambandhI grantha 1. 2. dhUrtAkhyAna (prAkRta) samarAiccakahA (prAkRta) mudrita mudrita

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA-paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhityA gAMdhInagara) pi 300000 jyotiSa-sambandhI grantha 1. lagnazudvilagnakuNDaliyA (prAkRta) mudrita stuti viSayaka grantha 1. vIrastava mudrita 2. saMsAradAvAnalastuti (saMskRta-prAkRta bhASAdvayAtmaka) mudrita pAzcAtya vidvAn viliyamsa ke mata meM uparyukta sabhI grantha eka hI haribhadra dvArA racita nahIM haiN| bhASA evaM varNyaviSaya ke AdhAra para unhoMne uparyukta granthoM ko do bhinna-bhinna 'haribhadra' nAmaka AcAryoM dvArA racita batAyA hai| unake matAnusAra paMcAzaka Adi graMtha to 'virahAMka' haribhadra dvArA race gaye haiM, jabaki dharmabindu, zrAvakaprajJapti, lalitavistarA tathA AvazyakasUtravRtti Adi graMtha 'yAkinImahattarAsunU' haribhadraM dvArA racita haiN| anya vidvAnoM ke mata meM donoM vizeSaNa eka hI haribhadra ke haiN| A0 haribhadra praNIta (mAne jAne vAla) anya grantha ___ inake atirikta adholikhita grantha A0 haribhadra dvArA racita mAne jAte haiM, parantu isakI asaMdigdha svIkRti ke lie adhika pramANoM kI apekSA hai : 1. anekAntapraghaTTa 2. arhaccUr3AmaNi 3. kathAkoSa karmastavavRtti caityavandanabhASya jJAnapaMcakavivaraNa darzanasaptatikA dharmalAbhasiddhi dharmasAra nANAyattaka nAnAcittaprakaraNa nyAyavinizcaya paralokasiddhi paMcaniyaMThI paMcaliMgI pratiSThAkalpa bRhanmithyAtvamaMthana boTikapratiSedha 16. yatidinakRtya yazodharacaritra vIrAMgadakathA 22. vedabAhyatAnirAkaraNa OM ; 14. 17. 20m

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26 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 23. saMgrahaNIvRtti 24. sapaMcAsittarI/sambodhasittarI . 25. saMskRta AtmAnuzAsana 26. vyavahArakalpa vaise to A0 haribhadra ke sabhI grantha bahuta mahatvapUrNa haiM aura unakI sarvatomukhI pratibhA ke paricAyaka haiM, tathApi unake yogaviSayaka granthoM meM jo adbhuta pratibhA, svAnubhava evaM navInatA pAI jAtI hai, vaha anyatra kahIM dikhAI nahIM detii| ataH unake vaiziSTya ko jAnane ke lie unakA saMkSipta paricaya prApta karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| haribhadra ke yoga-granthoM kA saMkSipta paricaya yogabindu (saMskRta) ___ isa grantha meM 527 zlokoM meM jainayoga ke vividha viSayoM kI vistRta vyAkhyA hai| isameM sarvaprathama yoga ke adhikArI va anadhikArI kI carcA karate hue unheM kramazaH zuklapakSI tathA bhavAbhinandI nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| ina donoM kA svarUpa pRthak-pRthak samajhAne ke anantara yoga ke adhikArI manuSya ko kI dRSTi se bhinna-bhinna zreNiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| yathA - apunarbandhaka, samyagdRSTi (bhinnagranthi) aura cAritrI - dezavirati, sarvavirati Adi / dezavirati kI sAdhanA-bhUmikA se prArambha hone vAle adhyAtma, bhAvanA, dhyAna, samatA, vRttisaMkSaya - ina pAMca yoga anuSThAnoM kA bhI yahA~ nirUpaNa huA hai| yaugika anuSThAnoM ko unakI prazastatA, aprazastatA ke AdhAra para pAMca vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| yathA - viSa, garala, ananuSThAna, taddhetu aura amRtAnuSThAna / aneka sthAnoM para pAtaJjalayoga evaM bauddhayoga ke sAtha tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta karate hue unameM paraspara samanvaya sthApita kiyA gayA hai| isa racanA meM yoga-nirUpaNa ke sAtha-sAtha anya aneka dArzanika tattvoM kI bhI samIkSA kI gaI hai| yogadRSTisamuccaya(saMskRta) ___ isa graMtha meM 227 zloka haiM jinameM kahIM-kahIM to yogabindu meM varNita viSayoM kI hI punarAvRtti huI hai aura kahIM-kahIM bilkula navIna viSayoM kI carcA hai| mumukSu jIva ke AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama kA nirUpaNa navIna dRSTikoNa se karate hue acaramAvartakAlIna avikasita avasthA ko 'oghadRSTi' tathA caramAvartakAlIna vikAsAvasthA ko yogadRSTiyoM ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA gayA hai| oghadRSTi meM pravRtti karane vAle bhavAbhinandI jIva kA nirUpaNa yogabindu ke anurUpa hI hai| yogabindu meM varNita 'pUrvasevA' kA hI vistRta nirUpaNa 'yogabIja' ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta yogyatAbheda ke AdhAra para yoga ko icchAyoga, zAstrayoga evaM sAmarthyayoga - ina trividha yogoM meM vibhAjita kara unakA svarUpa spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se yoga kI prArambhika bhUmikA se lekara caramapariNati taka kI bhUmikAoM ko karmaphala ke tAratamya ke anusAra ATha yogadRSTiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| mitrAdi ATha dRSTiyA~ pAtaJjalayogasUtra ke aSTAMgayoga tathA bauddhaparamparA ke khedAdi ATha doSoM ke parihAra tathA adveSAdi AThaguNoM ke prakaTIkaraNa para AdhArita haiN| prArambhika sAdhaka ke lie vibhinna AcAra-vyavahAroM kA nirUpaNa bhI kiyA gayA hai| grantha ke anta meM gotrayogI, kulayogI, pravRttacakrayogI aura niSpannayogI - ina 1. samadarzI AcArya haribhadra, pariziSTa, 2

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA-paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya 27 cAra prakAra ke yogiyoM ke lakSaNa batAye gae haiN| kevala kulayogI evaM pravRttacakrayogI ko hI yogAdhikArI kahakara avaMcakayoga ke tIna prakAroM kA vistRta citraNa kiyA gayA hai| yogabindu kI bhA~ti isa grantha meM bhI aneka dArzanika tattvoM kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| yogazataka (prAkRta) - isa grantha meM 100 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM prArambha meM nizcaya evaM vyavahAra donoM dRSTiyoM se yoga ke lakSaNa samajhAe gae haiN| yoga ke adhikArI va anadhikArI kI carcA bhI yogabindu ke anurUpa hI huI hai| prArambhika ke lie prAthamika yogyatA kA yogabindu evaM yogadRSTisamuccaya meM varNita "pUrvasevA' athavA 'yogabIja' ke samAna hI 'laukikadharma' ke rUpa meM citraNa huA hai| sAdhakoM ke lie unakI yogyatAnusAra AcaraNIya dharma kA upadeza dene ko kahA gayA hai| gRhastha evaM sAdhu donoM ke lie pRthak-pRthak cAritra kA nirdeza dete hue prApta bhUmikA se Upara kI bhUmikA para car3hane ke lie kucha Avazyaka, sAdhAraNa niyamoM kI bhI prarUpaNA kI gaI hai jaise-apane svabhAva kI AlocanA, rAga-dveSAdi doSoM kA ciMtana, aratinivAraNa ke upAya, akuzalakarmoM ke nivAraNArtha guru, japa, tapa jaise bAhya sAdhanoM kA Azraya, sUtrapATha, tIrtha-sevana tathA zAstra-zravaNa aadi| isa grantha kI sabase pramukha vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM yoga-sAdhanA meM pravRtta sAdhaka ko apane sadvicAra ke anurUpa ucita AhAra lene kA bhI nirdeza hai| isake lie granthakAra ne sarvasampatkarI bhikSA ke svarUpa kI bhI carcA kI hai| isake atirikta yaugika labdhiyoM kA svarUpa, doSakSaya kI dvividhatA, mokSaprApti meM sAmAyika kI mahattA tathA mRtyukAlajJAna ke vividha upAya Adi aneka gUr3ha viSayoM kA bhI varNana hai| grantha meM bIca-bIca meM prasaMgAnukUla aneka dArzanika viSayoM kA bhI nirUpaNa hai| viSayapratipAdana kI dRSTi se ukta graMtha kA yogabindu evaM yogadRSTisamuccaya se sAmya dRSTigocara hotA hai| isa grantha meM bhI darzanAntaroM meM varNita yogaviSayaka siddhAntoM aura paribhASAoM kA jainasiddhAntoM evaM paribhASAoM ke sAtha tulanApUrvaka samanvaya darzAne kA prayAsa hai| yogaviMzikA (prAkRta) AcArya vasubandhu ne vijJAnavAda kA nirUpaNa karane ke lie viMzikA, triMzikA jaise granthoM kI racanA kii| A0 haribhadra ne aisI racanAoM kA anukaraNa kara prAkRta meM viMzikAoM kA praNayana kiyaa| 'viMzativizikA' nAmaka prakaraNa ke antargata 'yogaviMzikA' yogaviSayaka eka aisA laghu prakaraNa hai jisameM 20 prAkRta gAthAoM ke mAdhyama se yoga kI vikasita avasthAoM kA nirUpaNa hai| yoga ke mukhya adhikArI ke rUpa meM cAritrI kA nirdeza karate hue usake sabhI dharmavyApAroM ko yoga kahakara AcArya haribhadra ne apanI vyApaka evaM udAra dRSTi kA paricaya diyA hai| grantha meM yoga kI pAMca bhUmikAe~ batAI gaI haiM - 1. sthAna 2. UrNa 3. artha, 4. Alambana aura 5. anAlambana, jinameM se kevala Alambana evaM anAlambana kI vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai, jabaki ukta grantha ke TIkAkAra upA0 yazovijaya ne ukta grantha kI TIkA meM pAMcoM kI vyAkhyA kI hai| granthakAra ne prathama do ko 'karmayoga' aura antima tIna bhedoM ko 'jJAnayoga' kahA hai| isake atirikta sthAnAdi pAMca bhedoM ke icchA, pravRtti, sthairya aura siddhi - cAra-cAra bheda karake unake svarUpa para vistRta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| sAtha hI sadanuSThAna ke prIti, bhakti, vacana aura asaMga - ina cAra bhedoM kA nirUpaNa bhI isa laghakati meM vidyamAna hai| SoDazaka prastuta grantha 16 prakaraNoM meM vibhAjita hai, jinameM kula 256 zloka haiN| grantha ke 16 prakaraNoM meM kucha hI prakaraNa yogaviSayaka haiN| grantha ke 14veM prakaraNa meM yoga-sAdhanA ke bAdhaka kheda, udvega, kSepa, utthAna, bhrAnti,

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana anyamuda, ruga aura AsaMga - ina ATha cittagata doSoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 16veM prakaraNa meM ukta ATha doSoM ke pratipakSI - adveSa, jijJAsA, zuzrUSA, zravaNa, bodha, mImAMsA, pratipatti aura pravRtti - ina ATha cittagata guNoM kA nirUpaNa tathA yoga-sAdhanA dvArA svAnubhUti rUpa paramAnanda kI prApti ke upAyoM kA bhI varNana hai| isa grantha meM yogaviSayaka koI navIna carcA upalabdha nahIM hotii| A. AcArya zubhacandra jJAnArNava ke racayitA zubhacandra kisa saMgha yA gaccha ke the aura unakI guru-paramparA kyA thI, isake sambandha meM svayaM lekhaka ne koI jAnakArI nahIM dI hai| yadi ukta grantha ke pratyeka sarga ke anta meM unakA nAma nahIM milatA, to yaha jAnanA kaThina hotA ki jJAnArNava ke racayitA kauna haiN|' zubhacandra kA apane viSaya meM kucha na kahanA unakI nirabhimAnatA kA dyotaka hai, aisA unhoMne svayaM kahA bhI hai| zubhacandra nAma ke aneka vidvAn hue haiN| eka zubhacandra kI carcA zravaNabelagola ke 43veM saMkhyaka abhilekha meM milatI hai| vahA~ unheM gaNDavimukta maladhArideva kA ziSya batAte hue unakA svargavAsa zaka saM0 1180 I0 meM batAyA gayA hai| dvitIya zubhacandra kA nirdeza zravaNabelagola ke 36veM abhilekha meM huA hai jo devakIrti ke ziSya the aura jinakA svargavAsa vi0 saM0 1220 meM huA thaa| tIsare zubhacandra sAgabADA ke paTTa para vi0 saM0 1600 (I0 san 1544) meM hue haiN| ve SaTabhASA kavi-cakravartI kI upAdhi se alaMkRta the| pANDavapurANa, svAmI kArtikeyAnuprekSA kI saMskRta TIkA ityAdi lagabhaga 40-50 granthoM ke ve racayitA mAne jAte haiM, parantu jJAnArNava ke racayitA zubhacandra se unakA koI sambandha nahIM hai|' samaya 'jJAnArNava' meM grantha kA racanAkAla nahIM diyA gyaa| ataH racanAkAla ke sambandha meM anya bAhya va antaH pramANoM se vicAra karanA hogaa| pATaNa ke khetaravAsI nAmaka zvetAmbara jaina bhaNDAra (naM0 13) meM 'jJAnArNava' kI eka prati vidyamAna hai jo vaizAkhasudI 10 zukravAra saM0 1284 ko likhI huI hai| grantha ke anta meM likhI gaI prazasti meM yaha ullikhita hai ki AryikA jAhiNI ne karmoM ke kSaya ke lie (karmakSayArtha) jJAnArNava nAmaka grantha zubhacandra yogI ke lie likhakara diyaa| yahA~ yogI zubhacandra ko dhyAnAdhyayanarata, tapa aura zAstra ke nidhAna, tattvoM ke jJAtA aura rAgAdi ripuoM ko parAjita karane vAle malla Adi vizeSaNoM se alaMkRta karate hue yaha nirdeza bhI diyA gayA hai ki ise kezarisuta vIsala ne sahasrakIrti ke lie saMvata 1284 meM likhaa| ataH zubhacandra kI uttaravartI sImA terahavIM zatI pratIta hotI hai| zrI vizvabhUSaNAcArya kRta 'bhaktAmaracarita' nAmaka saMskRta grantha meM zubhacandra ke jIvana ke saMbaMdha meM vistRta jAnakArI upalabdha hai| ukta grantha kI utthAnikA meM varNita kathA se jJAta hotA hai ki bhartRhari, bhoja, zubhacandra aura muJja samakAlIna the| isake atirikta 'bhaktAmarastotra' kI racanA se saMbaMdhita kathA meM 1. jJAnArNava, zrI paramazrutaprabhAvakamaMDala, prastAvanA, pR0 18. 2. na kavitvAbhimAnena na kIrtiprasarecchayA / kRtiH kintu madIyeyaM svabodhAyaiva kevlm|| - jJAnArNava, 1/16 tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, (bhAga 3) pR0 148 jJAnArNava, prastAvanA, pR0 26 draSTavya : jJAnArNava, grantha prazasti draSTavya : AcArya zubhacandra kA samaya nirNaya', jJAnArNava, zrI paramazrutaprabhAvakamaNDala, pR0 13

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA-paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya 29 mAnatuMga, kAlidAsa, vararuci aura dhanaMjaya ko bhI zubhacandra ke samasAmAyika batAyA gayA hai| ukta vyaktiyoM meM se eka kA bhI samaya jJAta hone para zubhacandra kA samaya jAnA jA sakatA hai| ___ A0 amitagati kRta 'subhASitaratnasaMdoha' kI prazasti ke anusAra muJja kA samaya saMvat 1050 se 1078 taka rhaa| isake pazcAt bhoja rAjyapada para AsIna hue| bhoja ke rAjyAsIna hone kA samaya hI zubhacandrAcArya kA samaya mAnA jAnA ucita hai| paMcasaMgraha ke anusAra vi0 saM0 1073 meM bhoja muJja ke rAjyapaTTa para AsIna hue| aneka pAzcAtya vidvAn bhI rAjA bhoja ko IsA kI 11vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha kA mAnate haiN| rAjA bhoja kA diyA huA eka dAnapatra, jo vi0 saM0 1078 (I0 san 1022) meM likhA gayA thA, ukta mata kI puSTi karatA hai| parantu usa mata kI parIkSA hetu jJAnArNava meM uddhRta pUrvavartI AcAryoM ke samaya para bhI dRSTipAta karanA upayukta hogaa| grantha ke prArambha meM A0 zubhacandra ne apane pUrvavartI kucha AcAryoM kA zraddhApUrvaka smaraNa kiyA hai| una AcAryoM meM samantabhadra, devanaMdi, bhaTTa akalaMka ke atirikta A0 jinasena' kA bhI nirdeza hai| A0 jinasena ne apane grantha 'jayadhavalA' ko 837 I0 meM samApta kiyA thaa| unakI isa racanA kI prasiddhi meM kama se kama dasa varSa avazya lage hoNge| isa AdhAra para zubhacandra kI pUrvasImA 847 I0 mAnanA upayukta hogaa| jJAnArNava para AcArya pUjyapAda (I05:-6vIM zatI.) viracita samAdhitantra va iSTopadeza, bhaTTAkalaMkadeva (8vIM zatI) viracita tattvArthavArtika, A0 jinasena (6vIM zatI) kRta AdipurANa (21vAM parva) ke atirikta jina anya granthoM kA prabhAva hai, unameM A0 amRtacandrasUri (10vIM zatI) ke puruSArthasiddhayupAya, rAmasenAcArya (10vIM zatI) ke tattvAnuzAsana, somadevasUri (11vIM zatI) ke upAsakAdhyayana tathA A0 amitagati prathama (10-11vIM zatI) ke 'yogasAraprAbhRta' Adi granthoM ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| ukta granthoM ke aneka padya jyoM ke tyoM yA parivartita rUpa meM jJAnArNava' meM upalabdha hote haiN| A0 zubhacandra ne 'uktaM ca' kahakara unako apane grantha meM uddhRta kiyA hai| udAharaNArtha somadevasUri kRta yazastilakacampU ke chaThe AzvAsa ke 'hataM jJAnaM kriyAzUnya' Adi padya ko jJAnArNava meM 'uktaM ca' kahakara uddhRta kiyA hai| OM 1. AdinAthastotra, bhUmikA, jainagrantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya. baMbaI / 2. samArUDhe pUtatridazavasatiM vikramanRpe / sahasra varSANAM prabhavati hi paJcAzadadhike / samApte paMcamyAmavati dharaNI muNjnRptau| site pakSe pauSe budhahitamidaM shaastrmnghm|| - subhASitaratnasaMdoha, padya 622 trisaptatyAdhike'bdAnAM sahase zakavidviSaH / masUtikApure jAtamidaM zAstraM manoramam / / - paMcasaMgraha (saMskRta), antimaprazasti padya 6 A History of Indian Literature, Pt. II, p. 528, fn. 1 See : Epigraphica Indica, pt. III, p.48-50 samantabhadrAdikavIndrabhAsyatAM sphuranti yatrAmalasUktirazmayaH / vrajanti khadyotavadeva hAsyatAM na tatra kiM jJAnalavoddhatA janAH / / - jJAnArNava, 1/14 apAkurvanti yayAcaH kAyavAkcittasaMbhavam / kalaMkamaginAM so'yaM devanandI namasyate / / - vahI, 1/15 zrImadbhaTTAkalaMkasya pAtu puNyA sarasvatI / anekAntamarunmArge candralekhAyitaM ythaa|| - vahI 1/17 jayanti jinasenasya vAcastravidyavanditAH yogibhiryA samAsAdya skhalitaM naatmnishcye| - vahI, 1/16 10. jainadharma ke prabhAvaka AcArya, pR0 261. 11. hataM jJAnaM kriyAzUnya hatA cAjJAninaH kriyA / dhAvannapyandhako naSTaH pazyannapi ca paGgukaH / / - yazastilakacampU 6/26, jJAnArNava, 4/26 (3); tattvArthavArtika, 1/1/46

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana amitagati dvitIya ne apanA 'subhASitaratnasandoha' vi0 saM0 1050 aura 'paMcasaMgraha(prAkRta) 1073 meM samApta kiyaa| inase do pIr3hI pUrva amitagati (prathama) hue haiM, jinakA samaya 11vIM zatI kA prathama caraNa mAnA jAtA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki jJAnArNava ke kartA zubhacandra A0 somadeva va amitagati se pUrva arthAt 11vIM zatI ke pUrva nahIM hue haiN| paravartI granthoM para prabhAva A0 zubhacandra ke samaya ko siddha karane ke lie unake grantha kA anya kina granthoM para prabhAva rahA hai, yaha jAnanA bhI upayogI hai| svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA' kI bhaTTAraka zubhacandra (16vIM zatI) viracita TIkAmeM 'tathA jJAnArNave' evaM bhaTTAraka zubhacandra (16vIM) ke pUrvavartI paMDita AzAdhara (13vIM zatI) kRta 'bhagavatIArAdhanA' kI TIkA meM 'uktaM ca jJAnArNave vistareNa' kahakara jJAnArNava ke kucha zloka' uddhRta haiN| paM0 AzAdhara ne jinayajJakalpa (pratiSThAsAroddhAra) kI prazasti meM ukta TIkA ke race jAne kI sUcanA svaya dI hai| jinayajJakalpa vi0 saM0 1285 (I0 1228) meM samApta kiyA gayA thaa| paM0 AzAdhara ko mUlArAdhanA kI racanA meM aura jJAnArNava kA parizIlana karane meM kucha samaya lagA hogaa| ataH jJAnArNava usase kama se kama 40-50 varSa pUrva likhA jAnA caahie| ukta nirUpaNa ke AdhAra para yaha sambhAvita hai ki A0 zubhacandra vi0 saM0 1285 se pUrva hue hoNge| ukta kAla ko kucha aura saMkucita karane ke lie A0 hemacandrasUri viracita yogazAstra para dRSTipAta karanA ucita hai| suprasiddha jainAcArya hemacandra (vi0 saM0 1145-1226, I0 1088-1172) kRta yogazAstra aura zubhacandrakata jJAnArNava meM bahata adhika samAnatA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki donoM meM se kisI eka ne dUsare ke grantha se preraNA evaM AMzika rUpa se AdhAra sAmagrI lI hai| yogazAstra kA prANAyAma aura dhyAna kA prasaMga jJAnArNava ke varNana aura viSaya se pUrNa sAmya rakhatA hai| kevala chandogata parivartana hone se kucha zabdabheda dRSTigata hotA hai| 'jJAnArNava' meM jahA~ vivecana atyanta vistRta, kramavihIna va kucha aprAsaMgika carcA se yukta hai, vahA~ 'yogazAstra' kA vivecana saMkSipta evaM kramabaddha hone ke sAtha sAtha aprAsaMgika carcA se rahita hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki hemacandra ne jJAnArNava ke hI prasaMgoM ko apane buddhicAturya se vyavasthita evaM saMkSipta rUpa pradAna kiyA hai| isake atirikta yaha bhI dhyAtavya hai ki A0 hemacandra ne zubhacandrAcArya dvArA jJAnArNava meM udadhata kI gaI aneka digambarAcAryoM kI gAthAoM ko apane yogazAstra meM uddhRta nahIM kiyaa| ukta mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para yaha sambhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai ki A0 hemacandra ke samakSa zubhacandra kA jJAnArNava avazya rahA hogA, jisakA parizIlana kara unhoMne anivArya parivartana evaM saMzodhana ke sAtha use nayA rUpa dekara yogazAstra kI racanA kI hogii| + subhASitaratnasandoha, 622 / 2. paMcasaMgraha (prAkRta). antima prazasti, padya 6 draSTavya : svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA, gA0487 para bhaTTAraka zubhacandrakRta ttiikaa| 4. mUlArAdhanA, gAthA 1887 jJAnArNava, 36/38, 36.41-46 draSTavya : jinayajJakalpa ke prazasti padya 7. yogazAstra, 5veM prakAza se 11veM prakAza taka jJAnArNava. 26 se 36 sarga taka /

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA-paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya 31 niSkarSa rUpa meM A0 zubhacandra kA samaya vi0 kI 11vIM zatI saMgata hai| ise mAna lene para bhoja aura muJja kI samakAlInatA bhI ghaTita ho jAtI hai| jIvana-caritra vizvabhaSaNabhaTTAraka kata bhaktAmaracaritra nAmaka saMskata grantha kI utthAnikA meM zabhacandra ke jIvana ke sambandha meM eka lambI kathA dI gaI hai| isa kathA ke anusAra zubhacandra aura bhartRhari ujjayinI ke nareza siMdhula ke putra the| sindhula ke pitA siMha ke kAphI dinoM taka koI santAna nahIM huii| eka dina rAjA siMha apanI rAnI va mantriyoM ke sAtha vana-krIr3A ke lie gye| vahA~ muJja ke kheta meM unheM eka bAlaka par3A milaa| rAjA va rAnI ne usa bAlaka ko ghara lAkara usakA pAlana-poSaNa kiyA aura usakA nAma 'muJja rakhA / muJja ke vayaska hone para rAjA ne usakA vivAha kara diyaa| kucha samaya ke pazcAt mahArAja siMha kI rAnI ne eka putra ko janma diyA jisakA nAma 'siMhala' rakhA gyaa| siMhala kI rAnI mRgAvatI ne do putra ratnoM ko janma diyA, jisameM se jyeSTha kA nAma 'zubhacandra' aura kaniSTha kA nAma 'bhartRhari' rakhA gyaa| bacapana se hI donoM bAlakoM kI vizeSa ruci tattvajJAna kI ora thii| ataeva vayaska hone taka donoM tattvajJAna meM nipuNa ho gye| eka dina meghoM ke paTala ko parivatartita hote hue dekha siMha ko vairAgya ho gayA aura usane muJja evaM siMhala ko rAjanIti sambandhI zikSA dekara svayaM jinadIkSA grahaNa kara lii| rAjA muJja apane bhAI ke sAtha sukhapUrvaka rahane lge| siMhala ke donoM beTe zubhacandra va bhartRhari atyanta parAkramI aura balazAlI the| eka dina rAjA muJja ko unakI vIratA dekhane kA avasara prApta huaa| bAlakoM ke apUrva bala ko dekhakara rAjA muJja Azcarya cakita ho gaye aura unake hRdaya meM bhaya utpanna ho utthaa| ve socane lage ki bar3e hone para ye donoM bAlaka kisI bhI kSaNa unheM rAjya siMhAsana se cyuta kara deNge| isa AzaMkA se unhoMne donoM bAlakoM kA vadha karAne kA Adeza diyaa| bAlakoM ko jaba isa Adeza kA patA lagA taba ve donoM apane pitA siMhala ke pAsa gye| siMhala ne isa SaDyantra ke pUrA karane se pahale hI muJja ko yamaloka pahu~cAne kA sujhAva diyaa| donoM kumAroM ne isa viSaya para bahuta vicAra-vimarza kiyaa| parantu unake vizAla hRdaya ne unheM pitRvad pUjya muJja kI hatyA ke kalaMka se bacA liyaa| tattvavizArada, udAra hRdaya bAlakoM ko saMsAra se virakti ho gii| unhoMne turanta gRhatyAga kara anyatra jAne kA vicAra kiyaa| unake isa kRtya para unake pitA snehArda netroM se unheM dekhate rahe, parantu kucha bola nahIM paaye| __zubhacandra ne kisI vana meM jAkara eka munirAja ke nikaTa jainadharma kI dIkSA aMgIkAra kI aura tapazcaraNa meM nimagna ho gye| unhoMne 13 prakAra ke cAritra' kA pAlana karate hue ghora tapa kiyaa| eka kaula tapasvI (tAMtrika ke nikaTa jAkara unakI sevA kI aura unase tAMtrika dIkSA lekara ve tantrasAdhanA meM lIna ho gye| 12 varSa taka bhartRhari ne aneka vidyAoM kI sAdhanA kI aura yoga-bala se aneka RddhiyA~ prApta kii| unheM eka yogI ne eka aisI vidyA aura aisA adbhuta rasa pradAna kiyA, jisake prayoga va sparza se tAMbA suvarNa bana sakatA thaa| eka dina bhartRhari ko cintA huI ki usakA bhAI zubhacandra na jAne kisa sthiti meM hai| unhoMne apane eka ziSya ko zubhacandra kA samAcAra lAne ke lie bhejaa| ziSya jaMgaloM meM ghUmatA huA usa sthala para pahu~cA jahA~ digambara muni zubhacandra nirvastra ho tapasyA kara rahe the| ziSya ne vApisa Akara sampUrNa vRttAnta bhartRhari 1. zAstroM meM cAritra ke 13 prakAra batAye gae haiM - 5 mahAvrata, 5 samiti aura 3 gupti| - dravyasaMgraha, 45

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko batAyA, jisase bhartRhari ke hRdaya meM atyanta karuNA jAgRta huii| unhoMne apanI tumbI se AdhA rasa dUsarI tuMbI meM DAlakara ziSya ke hAtha zubhacandra ke pAsa bhejA, tAki vaha usake dvArA sonA banAkara apanI daridratA ko dUra kara ske| zubhacandra ne usa rasa ko patthara kI zilA para DalavA diyaa| ___ ziSya ne bhartRhari ko jaba yaha ghaTanA sunAyI to ve svayaM mamatAvaza zubhacandra ke pAsa phuNce| zubhacandra nispRhI sAdhu the| unhoMne zeSa rasa ko bhI sAdhAraNa jala kI taraha pASANa-zilA para pheMkavA diyaa| bhartRhari ko isase bahuta duHkha huaa| zubhacandra ne bhartRhari ko samajhAte hue kahA - "bhAI ! yadi sonA banAnA hI abhISTa thA, to ghara kyoM chor3A? ghara meM kyA sonA-cAMdI-mANikya kI kamI thI ? sAMsArika duHkhoM kI nivRtti tantra, mantra, yantra athavA rasa se nahIM ho sktii| tapa meM hI vaha zakti hai| itanA kahakara zubhacandra ne apane pairoM ke nIce kI thor3I sI dhUla uThAkara pAsa meM par3I huI usI zilA para DAla dii| DAlate hI vaha vizAla zilA suvarNamaya ho gii| yaha dekhakara bhartRhari avAk ho gye| caraNoM meM girakara bole, "bhagavan ! kSamA kiijie| apanI mUrkhatA se ApakA mAhAtmya na jAnakara maiMne yaha aparAdha kiyA hai| sacamuca maiMne ina mantra-vidyAoM meM phaMsakara apanA itanA samaya vyartha hI kho diyA aura pApopArjana kiyaa| aba kRpA karake mujhe yaha lokottara dIkSA dekara apane samAna banA lIjie, jisase isa duHkhamaya saMsAra se hamezA ke lie mukta hone kA prayatna kara skuuN| __bhartRhari ko isa prakAra prAyazcitta karate dekha zrI zubhacandra muni ne use dharmopadeza diyA, jise sunakara bhartRhari ko yathArtha jJAna huaa| unhoMne tatkAla hI zubhacandra se dIkSA lI aura digambara muni bana gye| tatpazcAt zubhacandra ne bhartRhari ko munimArga meM dRr3hatA lAne tathA yoga kA jJAna karAne hetu eka vistRta grantha kI racanA kI, jisakA nAma rakhA 'jJAnArNava' / sacamuca yaha grantha apane nAma ke anurUpa hai| yaha grantha jJAna kA arNava yA samudra aura yogamArga ko pradIpta karane vAlA utkRSTa dIpaka hai, jise pAkara bhartRhari ko mahAn jJAna kI upalabdhi huI aura ve karmayogI bana gye| kRtitva A0 zubhacandra digambara jaina-paramparA ke samasta granthoM ke adhyetA, jaina siddhAntoM ke marmajJa, bahuzruta vidvAn evaM pratibhAsampanna kavi the| ve svayaM bahuta bar3e yogI the| unhoMne jaina granthoM ke atirikta yogaviSayaka jainetara granthoM kA bhI adhyayana kiyA thaa| unhoMne svAnubhava, tyAga aura sAdhanA ke bala para hI jainayoga-sAhitya ko eka vizAla grantha (jJAnArNava) ke rUpa meM anupama sAmagrI pradAna kii| jJAnArNava kI bhASA sarala va subodha hai| kavitA madhura va AkarSaka hai| isameM aneka viSayoM ke sAtha itara sampradAyoM kI bhI carcA va samIkSA kI gaI hai, jisase unakI bahuzrutatA kA jJAna hotA hai| unhoMne apane samaya meM pracalita yogaviSayaka sAhitya kA gambhIratApUrvaka adhyayana kiyA thA, jisakA unhoMne jJAnArNava meM samucita upayoga kiyA hai| jJAnArNava - eka paricaya 'jJAnArNava' jainayoga-paramparA meM atyanta prasiddha racanA hai| digambara-paramparA meM tattvAnuzAsana ke pazcAt 'dhyAna' para upalabdha ekamAtra grantha 'jJAnArNava' hI hai, jo vidvajjanoM meM apekSAkRta adhika prasiddha hai| isa vizada grantha meM dhyAna ke aMgabhUta aise viSayoM kI bhI carcA hai, jinakA varNana usase pUrva jaina sAhitya meM anyatra kahIM nahIM miltaa| jJAnArNava meM 36 adhyAya aura. 2230 zloka haiN| isameM dhyAna kI sAdhanabhUta 12 bhAvanAoM ke svarUpa, saMsArabaMdha ke kAraNa, kaSAya, mana ke viSaya, AtmA evaM bAhya padArthoM ke saMbaMdha tathA mokSa ke mArgabhUta ratnatraya

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya kA nirUpaNa hai| samyak cAritra kA vivecana karate hue ahiMsAdi pAMca mahAvratoM tathA pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM nirUpita aSTAMgayoga kI vistAra se prarUpaNA kI gaI hai| dhyAna evaM dhyAna ke bhedoM kA vistRta vizleSaNa isa grantha meM upalabdha hotA hai| sarvaprathama jJAnArNava meM hI piNDastha, padastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta dhyAnoM kA varNana vistAra se milatA hai| zvetAmbara- paramparA ke sAhitya meM ukta cAra dhyAnoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha nahIM hai| kevala A0 hemacandra aise prathama AcArya haiM, jinhoMne yogazAstra meM inakA varNana kiyA hai| jJAnArNava meM varNita sabhI viSaya dhyAna se saMbaMdhita haiN| tIsare sarga meM dhyAna-sAdhaka ke lie gRhasthAzrama ke tyAga kA spaSTa vidhAna hai| nAr3Izuddhi ke rUpa meM varNita pavanajaya-sAdhanA kA varNana haThayoga ke 'zivasvarodaya' se prabhAvita pratIta hotA hai| haThayoga meM hI varNita dhAraNAoM kI jaina paramparAnukUla kalpanA 'jJAnArNava' meM sarvaprathama A0 zubhacandra ne kI hai| jainagranthoM meM isase pUrva dhAraNAoM kA varNana kahIM nahIM kiyA gyaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki A0 zubhacandra ne svayaM nayA kucha nahIM likhA, tathA apane pUrvavartI digambara jainAcAryoM kI kRtiyoM ko uddhRta kara jaina siddhAntoM kA saMkalana mAtra kara diyA tathApi unakI yaha vizeSatA hai ki unhoMne pAtaJjalayoga evaM haThayoga ke anurUpa jainayoga kA pratipAdana kiyA / grantha meM tantra evaM mantrayoga kA bhI prabhAva spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai| saMkSepa meM 'jJAnArNava' pAtaJjalayoga ke aSTAMgayoga, haThayoga, tantrayoga, evaM mantrayoga sabhI kA jainasiddhAnta se samanvita rUpa prastuta karatA hai| i. hemacandrasUri bhAratabhUmi meM utpanna bahuzruta paNDitaratnoM meM jainAcArya zrI hemacandrasUri kA sthAna agragaNya hai| saMskRta sAhitya aura vikramAditya ke itihAsa meM jo sthAna kAlidAsa ko aura zrIharSa ke darabAra meM bANabhaTTa ko prApta thA, prAyaH vahI sthAna (vi0 saM0 1150 - 1166) 12vIM zatAbdI ke caulukyavaMzI suprasiddha gurjaranareza siddharAja jayasiMha kI rAjasabhA meM A0 hemacandra kA rahA hai| saubhAgya se isa mahAn AcArya, santa, sAhityapraNetA va dharmopadezaka kI jIvana viSayaka sAmagrI aneka samakAlIna va paravartI granthoM meM sulabha hai| ina granthoM meM somaprabhasUri racita 'kumArapAlapratibodha'' (saMvat 1241), prabhAcandrasUrikRta 'prabhAvakacarita' (saM0 1278), merutuMgAcAryakRta 'prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi'' (saM0 1362). rAjazekharakRta 'prabandhakoza (saM0 1465), yazapAla racita 'moharAjaparAjaya' nATaka (13vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha) evaM purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha '' Adi vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| inake atirikta svayaM hemacandra kRta dvayAzrayakAvya, siddhahemaprazasti tathA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita meM antarbhUta 'mahAvIracarita' Adi bhI unake jIvana para mahatvapUrNa prakAza DAlate haiN| prasiddha jarmana vidvAn byUlara ne ukta srotoM kA upayoga karate hue hemacandra ke jIvana va kRtitva para eka vistRta nibandha likhA hai| prabhAvakacarita meM varNita kathA ke anusAra A0 hemacandra kA janma vi0 saM0 1145 ko kArtika zukla 15 tadanusAra san 1088 yA 1086 ke navambara-disambara mAsa meM huA thaa| inakA janmasthAna gujarAta pradeza 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 33 kumArapAlapratibodha, pR0 21-22 prabhAvakacarita, pR0 183-212 prabandhacintAmaNi, bhAga 1, pR0 83, 84 prabandhakoza, dasavA~ prabandha moharAjaparAjaya, prathama aMka purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha, pR0 37 The life of Hemachandracharya, Singhi Jain Granthamala, 1936 prabhAvakacarita 22/850

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM ahamadAbAda se sATha mIla dUra sthita 'dhundhakA" nAmaka gAMva mAnA jAtA hai| inake pitA cAmuNDA gotrIya zaivadharmAnuyAyI mor3havaMzIya vaNika (vaizya) the| inake pitA kA nAma cAciga aura mAtA kA nAma pAhiNI athavA cAhiNI devI thaa| hemacandra kA bacapana kA nAma caMgadeva yA cAMgadeva thaa| somaprabhasUri ke anusAra jisa samaya bAlaka cAMgadeva mAtA ke garbha meM thA, usa samaya mAtA ne kaI Azcaryajanaka svapna dekhe the| cAMgadeva ke mAtA-pitA donoM hI jainadharma meM zraddhA rakhate the| bhAtA pAhiNI to dharma ke prati vizeSa zraddhA rakhatI thii| cAMgadeva kA mana bhI dharma ke atirikta anya kisI viSaya meM nahIM lagatA thaa| vaha apanI mAtA ke sAtha pratidina mandira jAyA karatA thA evaM pravacana sunatA thaa| eka bAra pUrNatalagaccha ke devacandrasUri ne apane jJAnabala se 'isake dvArA jainadharma kA mahAna udaya hone vAlA hai aisA jAnakara dIkSA ke lie usakI mA~ga kii| mAtA pAhiNI kI jainadharma ke prati atyanta zraddhA thI, isalie usane apane putra ko bAlyAvasthA meM hI muni devacandra ko sauMpa diyaa| yaha devacandra hI hemacandra ke guru the| prabhAvakacarita ke anusAra jaba cAMgadeva pAMca varSa ke hI the, taba vi0 saM0 1150 meM mAgha zukla caturdazI ke dina 'khambAta' pradeza meM inakA dIkSA saMskAra huaa| __ prabandhacintAmaNi, purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha aura prabandhakoza ke anusAra 8 varSa kI Ayu meM cAMgadeva ko kI dIkSA dI gaI thii| isalie zrI klaoNTa ne cAMgadeva kI dIkSA kA samaya vi0 saM0 1154 upayukta mAnA hai|11 dIkSA ke bAda cAMgadeva kA nAma badalakara somacandra rakha diyA gyaa|12 dIkSA ke pazcAt bAlaka somacandra apane guru ke sAnnidhya meM rahane lgaa| pariNAmasvarUpa pUrvajanma ke saMskAra, tIvrasmaraNazakti, sahajAta asAdhAraNa pratibhA aura sarvatomukhI buddhi ke dvArA evaM guru kI kRpA se alpa parizrama se hI zAstrajJAna prApta kiyaa| isaprakAra, alpakAla meM hI somacandra ne nyAya, tarka, vyAkaraNa evaM kAvya Adi samasta zAstroM meM pAraMgata hokara apAra jJAnarAzi kA saMcaya kiyaa| unakI asAdhAraNa vidvattA evam anupama pratibhA se AkarSitahokara devacandrasUri ne vi0 saM0 1166 ko vaizAkha zukla tRtIyA ke dina madhyAhana kAla meM khaMbhAta nagara meM caturvidha saMgha ke samakSa unheM saharSa 'sUripada' kI upAdhi pradAna kii| vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki isa mahotsava para hone vAlA samasta vyaya nAgapura ke eka dhanada nAmaka vyApArI ne vahana kiyA thaa|15 OMutobe 1 yaha gAMva vartamAna meM bhAdhara nadI ke dAhine taTa para ahamadAbAda se uttara pazcima meM 62 mIla kI dUrI para sthita hai| prabhAvakacarita, 22/26; prabandhacintAmaNi, bhAga 1, pR0 83; Indian Antiquary, VXII, p. 254, no. 852 purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha, pR0 123 / prabandhakoza, pR0 67; kumArapAlacaritrasaMgraha, pR0 18 prabandhacintAmaNi, bhAga 6, pR0 83 prabhAvakacarita, 22/27 kumArapAlapratibodha, somaprabhasUri, (kumArapAlacaritrasaMgraha) pR0 117 vahI, pR0 21-22 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita. prazasti padya, 12-16 prabhAvakacarita, pR0 347 8. prabandhacintAmaNi, bhAga-1, pR083 purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha, pR0 37 10. prabandhakoza, pR0 67 99. Indian Antiquary, V XII, p. 254, n. 852 12. hemacandrAcArya jIvanacarita, pR0 10; pramANamImAMsA, prastAvanA, pR0 36, kAvyAnuzAsana, prastAvanA, pR0 267-268, vi0 bhA0 musalagAMvakara, AcArya hemacandra, pR0 16 AcAryo hemcndro'bhuutttpaadaambhojssttpdH| tatprasAdAdadhigata-jJAnasaMpanmahodayaH / / - triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, prazasti padya 15 prabaMdhacintAmaNi, bhA0 1, pR0 84 15. A0 hemacandra aura unakA zabdAnuzAsana : eka adhyayana, pR0 17 ; pramANamImAMsA, prastAvanA, pR0 37; Indian Antiquary, VXII, p.254, n. 852

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA-paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya 35 AcArya pada ke bAda somacandra kA nAma badalakara 'hemacaMdra' rakha diyA gyaa|' 'kumArapAlapratibodha' ke anusAra hema' jaisI deha kI kAMti aura candra kI taraha AnandadAyaka hone ke kAraNa vaha hemacandra ke nAma se vikhyAta hue| pro0 kRSNamAcAriyara ke kathanAnusAra eka bAra somacandra ne zaktipradarzana ke lie apane bAha ko agni meM rakha diyA, lekina Azcarya kI bAta hai ki somacandra kA jalatA huA hAtha sone kA bana gyaa| isa ghaTanA ke uparAnta hI somacandra 'hemacandra' ke nAma se prasiddha ho ge| samagra loka ke upakArArtha hemacandra vividha dezoM meM vihAra karate the| eka bAra guru kI AjJA se unakA vihAra gurjaradeza meM hI maryAdita huaa| tadanusAra ve rAjya ke aNahillapura pATaNa nagara meM praviSTa hue| hemacandra kI vidvattA kI khyAti zanaiH-zanaiH sampUrNa nagara meM, yahA~ taka ki vahA~ ke rAjya darabAra meM bhI phailane lgii| unake pANDitya se mahAparAkramI gurjaranareza jayasiMha siddharAja bhI bahuta prabhAvita hue| kahA jAtA hai ki hemacandra ke prathama AzrayadAtA caulukyarAjA siddharAja jayasiMha (saM01050-1166) hI the|6|| 'prabhAvakacarita' ke anusAra rAjA jayasiMha aura hemacandra kA prathama sAkSAtkAra aNahillapara ke kisI saMkare mArga para huA thA, jahA~ se jayasiMha ke hAthI ko nikalane meM kaThinAI ho rahI thii| isa prasaMga meM hemacandra ne jayasiMha ko niHzaMka hokara apane gajarAja ko le jAne ke lie kahA aura zleSa saMstuti kii|" rAjA jayasiMha ne unheM darabAra meM Ane kA nimantraNa diyA, jise hemacandra ne saharSa svIkAra kiyaa| 'kumArapAlacarita' meM bhI yaha vRttAnta kucha parivartita rUpa meM milatA hai| tadanusAra jaba rAjA jayasiMha ne mAlavA para aMtima vijaya (vi0 saM0 1161-1162 meM) prApta kI taba bhinna-bhinna sampradAyoM ke pratinidhi unakA abhinandana karane ke lie aaye| usa samaya jaina sampradAya ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM hemacandra ne unakA svAgata kiyA thaa| caulukyarAjA siddharAja jayasiMha unakI vidvattA aura asAdhAraNa pANDitya se atyadhika prabhAvita hue aura unake bhakta bana gye| DaoN0 byUlara ke anusAra hemacandra mAlavA kI vijaya ke pUrva hI jayasiMha ke darabAra meM praveza kara cuke the| anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki ukta ghaTanA vi0 saM0 1161-62 (I0 saM0 1136 ke prArambha) meM ghaTita huI hogI aura usa samaya hemacandra kI Ayu 46-47 varSa kI hogii|12 apane pANDitya, dUradarzitA aura sarvadharma-sneha ke kAraNa hemacandra kA prabhAva rAjyasabhA meM uttarottara bar3hatA gyaa| vinTaraniTz2a ke anusAra rAjA jayasiMha kI sAhitya aura vijJAna meM atyadhika ruci thI Missue 1 prabaMdhacintAmaNi, bhA0 1, pR084 kumArapAlapratibodha, pR0 22 "To demonstrate his powers he set his arms in a blazing fire and his father found to his surprise the flashing arms turned into gold." - M. Krishanamachariar, History of Classical Sanskrit Literature, p. 174. 4. pramANamImAMsA, prastAvanA, pR0 36-37 5. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 261 vahI, pR0 241 kAraya prasaraM siddha ! hastirAjamazaMkitam / trasyantu diggajAH kiM tairbhUstyayaivoddhRtA yataH / / - prabhAvakacarita, 22/67 8 vahI, pR0 300 6. kumArapAlacarita, (kumArapAlacaritrasaMgraha) pR020 ___V.Raghvan, Cultural Leaders of India, p.88 99. Hemchandra was introduced to the court of Jayasingh before the conquest of Malva. - Bihler, The life of Hemchandracharya, p. 14. 12. pramANamImAMsA, prastAvanA, pR040 13. A History of Indian Literature, pt. II, p. 463; prabandhacintAmaNi, bhA0 1, pR0 60

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36 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana aura ve parama zivabhakta the| darzana ke prati unakI anurakti itanI adhika thI ki unhoMne A0 hemacandra ke atirikta anya vibhinna matAvalambI vidvAnoM ko bhI apanI paNDita-sabhA meM sthAna de rakhA thaa| A0 hemacandra ne apane pANDitya se rAjA ko prabhAvita hI nahIM kiyA, apitu jainadharma ke prati unheM vizeSa zraddhAlu banAne meM bhI saphalatA prApta kii| __hemacandra kI zikSA aura upadeza ke prabhAva se siddharAja jayasiMha jainadharma ke prati adhika AkRSTa hote aura unhoMne eka jaina maMdira bhI bnvaayaa| hemacandra ke prati rAjA kA aisA bhAva ho gayA thA ki jaba taka ve unake amRta-samAna upadeza ko na suna leM, unheM saMtoSa nahIM hotA thaa| ___ gujarAta nareza siddharAja jayasiMha ke Agraha se hemacandra ne saMskRta-prAkRta bhASA ke eka Adarza aura sarala, kintu sarvAMga-paripUrNa vyAkaraNa kI racanA kI aura rAjA ke prati sammAna bhAva pradarzita karane hetu grantha ko 'siddhahaima' nAma diyA, jisakA artha hai 'hemacanda viracita' evaM 'siddharAja ko samarpita' / usa samaya se jainaparamparA meM anya vyAkaraNa upekSita ho gae aura 'siddhahaimacandra' kA hI sarvatra adhyayana kiyA jAne lgaa| hemacandra kA yaha vyAkaraNa 'siddhahaimazabdAnuzAsana' ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| rAjA jayasiMha kI preraNA ko vyAkaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha koza, chanda tathA alaMkArazAstra kI racanA karane kA nimitta prApta huA aura unameM apane navIna vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM ke udAharaNa prastuta karane tathA cAlukya rAjAoM ke gauravagAna ke nimitta gujarAta ke lokajIvana ko pratibimbita karane vAle 'dvayAzraya' nAmaka mahAkAvya kI racanA karane kA bhAva utpanna huaa| sAhitya racanA ke sAtha hemacandrAcArya ne gujarAta kI rAjanIti ko bhI eka nayA mor3a diyaa| ve gujarAta ke tatkAlIna rAjA siddharAja jayasiMha kA uttarAdhikArI kumArapAla ko banAnA cAhate the| isake pIche ga haiN| pahalA kAraNa to yaha hai ki kumArapAla AcArya zrI se atyanta upakRta thaa| dUsarA, ve gujarAta meM ahiMsA ke kaI kArya karavAnA cAhate the| tIsarA, gujarAta meM jainadharma ke siddhAntoM kA janatA meM pracAra-prasAra karanA thaa| kumArapAla ke rAjA banane ke pazcAt unheM ukta saba kAryoM meM saphalatA milii| ina saba kAraNoM ke atirikta sabase mahatvapUrNa kAraNa kucha aura thaa| 'prabhAvakacarita' meM upalabdha vivaraNa ke anusAra kumArapAla ne jIvanarakSA ke lie hemacandra kA Azraya prApta kiyA thA, kyoMki rAjA jayasiMha use apane jIvanakAla meM hI mAra DAlanA cAhate the| hemacandra ne kumArapAla ke aMgoM para vizeSa rAjacihna dekhakara bhaviSyavANI kI thI ki kumArapAla hI isa samasta pradeza kA bhAvI zAsaka hogaa| kumArapAla ke sandeha vyakta karane para hemacandra ne yaha pratijJA kI ki yadi kumArapAla ko rAjya kI prApti na huI to ve bhaviSyavANI karanA chor3a deMge yaha dekhakara kumArapAla ne svIkAra kiyA ki yadi bhaviSyavANI satya pariNata huI to ve unakI AjJA kA pAlana kreNge| hemacandra ne usI samaya kumArapAla se pratijJA karavA lI ki yadi vaha rAjA bana gayA to jainadharma svIkAra kara legaa| hemacandra kI bhaviSyavANI satya haI aura 1. kumArapAlapratibodha, pR0221 2. (ka) yazo mama tava khyAtiH puNyaM ca maninAyaka ! / vizvalokopakArAya, kuru vyAkaraNaM navam / / - prabhAvakacaritam, 22/84 (kha) imAM purANavArtAmapahAyAsmAkameva sannihitaM kamapi vyAkaraNakartAraM brUte....| - prabandhacintAmaNi, bhA0 1 pR060 prabandhacintAmaNi, bhA0 1, pR060 pramANamImAMsA, prastAvanA, pR0 40 5. prabhAvakacarita, pR0 185 "saM0 1166 varSe kArtikadadi 2 ravau hastanakSatre yadi bhavataH paTTAbhiSeko na bhavati tadA'taHparaM nimitnAvalokanasaMnyAsaH iti patrakamAlikhyaka mantriNe'paraM tasmai smrpyt| - prabandhaci tAmaNi, bhA0 1 pR0 78 7. caulukya kumArapAla, pR0 76; prabaMdhacintAmaNi, bhA0 1, pR0 78

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA-paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya kumArapAla ko rAjya pada prApta ho gyaa| pratijJAnusAra kumArapAla jo ki zaiva thA, hemacandrAcArya dvArA jaina banA diyA gyaa| isa parivartana ke pazcAt (1156 I0 meM) kumArapAla ne gujarAta ko Adarza rAjya banAne kA prayatna kiyaa| hemacandra kI adhikAMza sAhityaracanA jo siddharAja ke rAjyakAla meM hI ho cukI thI, kumArapAla ke samaya meM prasiddhi ko prApta ho gii| kumArapAla ke zAsana meM unhoMne jo racanAe~ kIM, ve adhikatara dhArmika thiiN| yogazAstra, vItarAgastuti tathA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita Adi granthoM kI racanA unhoMne kumArapAla ke Agraha se hI kI thii| __aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki A0 hemacandra ne samaya-samaya para rAjA kumArapAla ko dharmaprareNA dI aura dharma-viruddha mArga para jAne se bcaayaa| AcArya ke vipula sAhitya-sarjana se prabhAvita hokara rAjA kumArapAla aura tatkAlIna anya vidvAnoM ne unheM 'kalikAlasarvajJa' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyaa| pITarsana Adi pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne to hemacandra ko 'OCEAN OF KNOWLEDGE' (jJAna kA mahAsAgara) kI upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyA, jo yathArtha evaM satya hai| kahA jAtA hai ki hemacandra ne apane jIvanakAla meM lagabhaga Der3ha lAkha logoM arthAt taiMtIsa hajAra kuTumboM ko jaina-dharmAvalambI bnaayaa| dehAvasAna ___ anta meM, caurAsI varSa kI Ayu meM satat sAhitya sRjana meM lIna rahakara akhaNDa brahmacArya kA pAlana karate hue vi0 saM0 1126 meM asAdhAraNa tapodhanI hemacandra kA svargavAsa ho gyaa| prabhAvakacarita ke anusAra, rAjA kumArapAla bhI hemacandra ke asahya viyoga se chaH mAsa pazcAt svarga sidhAra gye| kRtitva ___ hemacandrAcArya ne aneka navIna kRtiyoM kA sRjana kiyaa| A0 hemacandra eka jainAcArya the| ataH jaina siddhAntoM ke prati unakI ruci svAbhAvika thii| tathApi jIvanotthAna kI preraNA dene vAlA aisA koI viSaya nahIM, jisa para unhoMne apanI lekhanI na calAI ho| unhoMne vyAkaraNa, kAvya, nyAya, koza, sAhitya, cAritra, yoga aura chanda kisI bhI viSaya kI upekSA nahIM kii| kahA jAtA hai ki unhoMne sAr3he tIna karor3a zlokoM kI racanA kii| unake aneka grantha anupalabdha haiM aura bahuta se aprakAzita haiN| unakI kRtiyoM kI nAmAvalI isa prakAra hai - vyAkaraNa 1. siddhahemalaghuvRtti siddhahema bRhavRtti (tattvaprakAzikA) 3. siddhahemabRhannyAsa (zabda mahArNavanyAsa) (apUrNa) +Mus Winternitz, A History of Indian Literature, pt. II, p. 463 caulukya kumArapAla, pR0240 ratanalAla saMghavI, prAkRta vyAkaraNa, prastAvanA, pR0 15; Winternitz, A History of Indian Literature, pt. IIp.463 draSTavya : pITarsana kI cauthI riporTa; ratanalAla saMghavI. prAkRta vyAkaraNa, prastAvanA, pR0 15 vahI, pR0 15 hemacandrAcArya jIvanacaritra, pR086-60 caulukya kumArapAla, pR0266-267 (ka) nandadvaya-ravo varSe (226)'vasAnamabhavat prbhoH| - prabhAvakacarita, 22/851 (kha) Indian Antiquary, VXII, P. 254, n. 853 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhA0 5, pR0 28 8.

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38 koza darzana 4 5 6 7. 8. 6. 10. 11. 12. yoga sAhitya - alaMkAra 13. 14. 15. 16. 18. siddhama- prAkRtavRtti liMgAnuzAsana saTIka uNAdigaNa- vivaraNa dhAtuparAyaNa itihAsa kAvya 17. 21. abhidhAnacintAmaNi, svopajJa TIkA sahita abhidhAnacintAmaNi, pariziSTa anekArthakoza nighaNTuzeSa (vanaspati viSayaka) dezInAmamAlA (svopajJa TIkA sahita) stuti stotra 22. 23. 24. 25. kAvyAnuzAsana (svopajJa alaMkAracUr3AmaNi ora vivekavRtti sahita ) chando'nuzAsana (chandazcUr3AmaNi TIkA sahita) itihAsa, kAvya aura upadeza pariziSTaparva pramANamImAMsA, svopajJavRtti sahita (apUrNa) vedAMkuza-dvijavadanacapeTA vyAkaraNa sahita saMskRtadvayAzrayamahAkAvya prAkRtadvayAzrayamahAkAvya - 16. trizaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (mahAkAvya- dazaparva) 20. pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana yogazAstra, svopajJaTIkA sahita vItarAgastotra anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA (padya) ayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA (padya) mahAdevastotra (padya) A0 hemacandra ke jIvanacaritra va zreSTha racanAoM se unakI sarvAMgINa pratibhA ora abhyAsa kA paricaya milatA hai| isa mahAn kavi meM eka sAtha hI vaiyAkaraNa, AlaMkArika, dArzanika, chandonuzAsaka, dharmopadezaka, sAhityakAra, itihAsakAra, purANakAra aura kozakAra kA anupama samanvaya dRSTigocara hotA

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA-paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya 39 hai|' unakA sAhitya atizaya rocaka, marmasparzI aura sajIva hai| unakI pratyeka racanA meM nayA dRSTikoNa, nayI zailI aura nayA cintana aura vaiziSTaya daSTigocara hotA hai| triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita kI prazasti meM likhA hai ki unhoMne vyAkaraNa kI racanA to siddharAja jayasiMha ke anurodha se hI kI thI, kintu dvayAzrayakAvya, chandonuzAsana, kAvyAnuzAsana, yogazAstra aura triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita Adi kA praNayana lokArtha arthAt sarvasAdhAraNa ke lie kiyA thaa| __ A0 hemacandra gujarAta meM dhArmika prabhAva kI vRddhi karane hetu sarvadharma-samabhAvI, satyopAsaka, jainadharma ke pracAraka tathA dezoddhAraka ke rUpa meM prakaTa hue| unakI bahuzrutatA, sarvazAstra-samanvayazakti, sarvazAstrajJatA, jinazAsana-sevA Adi vizeSatAoM ko dekhate hue unakI "kalikAlasarvajJa kI upAdhi nitAMta saMgata hai| yogazAstra : eka paricaya __ "yogazAstra hemacaMdra kI yogaviSayaka anUThI kRti hai| vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM sAdhaka kI rakSA ke lie yaha vajra kavaca ke samAna upayogI hai| yogazAstra meM kahIM bhI haribhadrasUri ke yogaviSayaka granthoM kA prabhAva dRSTigata nahIM hotA, jabaki zubhacandra ke "jJAnArNava' kA prabhAva spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai| hemacandra ke "yogazAstra' ko par3hate hI AcArya zubhacandra ke "jJAnArNava kI smRti sahaja ho uThatI hai| yogazAstra meM 12 prakAza tathA 1012 zloka haiM / isa grantha meM hemacandra ne yoga kI pAramparika paddhatiyoM kA nirUpaNa kara guru ke upadeza evaM, svAnubhava ke AdhAra para yoga ke vibhinna sAdhanoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| unhoMne pAtaJjalayogadarzana ke "cittavRttinirodha" se lekara sarvabhUmikAoM ke lie samAna rUpa se yama, niyamAdi 8 aMgoM kA varNana kiyA hai| isa dRSTi se hemacandra ke "yogazAstra kI sarvapramukha vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne pAtaJjalayogasUtra kI zailI kA anukaraNa karate hue bhI varNana-krama meM maulikatA darzAyI hai aura mArgAnusArI se lekara gRhasthadharma, sAdhudharma Adi ucca AdhyAtmika bhUmikAoM taka pahu~cane ke lie jJAna-darzana aura caritrAtmaka yoga-sAdhanA kA sundara krama upasthita kiyA hai| isake atirikta, isameM AtmA ko paramAtmasvarUpa banAne ke lie dharmadhyAna, zukladhyAna, indriyakaSAya, manovijaya, samatA, dvAdaza anuprekSA, cAra bhAvanA Adi viSayoM kA vizada vivecana bhI hai| Asana, prANAyAma Adi kA vistRta varNana karate hue AcArya hemacandra ne prANavAyu dvArA iSTa-aniSTa, jIvana-mRtyu Adi kA jJAna, yaMtra, maMtra, vidyA, lagna, chAyA, upazruti Adi dvArA kAla-jJAna, nAr3I-zuddhi evaM parakAya praveza viSayoM kI jAnakArI bhI pradAna kI hai| isase yogazAstra para haThayoga evaM tantrayoga kA prabhAva spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai| A0 hemacandra ne haThayoga kI jaTila va bhautika prakriyAoM ko Atmacintana kI ora mor3akara jIvana ko yoga kI prakriyAoM se jor3a diyA hai| isa yogazAstra kA A0 zubhacandra kRta jJAnArNava se bahuta sAmya hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki A0 hemacandra ne A0 zubhacandra ke jJAnArNava se prabhAvita hokara jJAnArNava kA hI saMkSipta, sarala va kramabaddha rUpa prastuta kara diyA hai| yaha grantha jijJAsa sAdhaka ke lie adhyAtma-jJAna kA vizvakoSa aura uccakoTi ke sAdhaka ke lie Atma-sAkSAtkAra kA mArgadarzaka hai| 1. kaluptaM vyAkaraNaM navaM viracitaM chando navaM dvayAzrayAlaMkAro prathitau nayau prakaTitaM zrIyogazAstraM navam / tarkaH sajjanito navo jinavarAdInAM caritraM navaM baddhaM yena na kena kena vidhinA mohaH kRto dUrataH / / -- somaprabhasUrikRta zatArthakAvya kI TIkA zlo063 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, prazasti padya 16-17 draSTavya : moharAjaparAjaya, aMka 5 3

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40 I. upAdhyAya yazovijaya * janmakAla : durbhAgya kA viSaya hai ki aneka saMskRta kaviyoM kI bhA~ti kevala yazaH zarIra se amara rahane vAle mUrdhanya vidvAn upA0 yazovijaya ke sambandha meM hamArI jAnakArI nagaNya hai| kevala unakI kRtiyoM ke adhyayana, aitihAsika vastrapaTa, tathA prazastiyoM Adi ke AdhAra para unake samaya evaM jIvana ke saMbaMdha meM anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| kucha pramukha vidvAnoM ne unake samaya ke saMbaMdha meM matabheda prakaTa kiyA hai / unake anusAra yazovijaya kA samaya nimnalikhita hai - 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. I. 1608 - 1668 2. I. 1623 - 1688 I. 1624 - 1688 I. 1638 - 1688 17 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha yA 18vIM kA pUrvArdha 18vIM zatI 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. 6. 10. pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana uparyukta vivaraNa se upA0 yazovijaya ke samaya kI uttarasImA ke saMbaMdha meM vidvAnoM meM mataikya dRSTikoNa hotA hai| kevala pUrvasImA ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM ke pRthak-pRthak vicAra milate haiN| upA0 yazovijaya ke samakAlika kAntivijaya dvArA racita sujasavelIbhAsa ke anusAra DabhoI nAmaka gAMva meM vi0 saM0 1743 ( I0 1686) meM unakA svargavAsa huA thaa| vahIM vi0 saM0 1745 (1688 I0) meM pratiSThita kI gaI unakI pAdukA vidyamAna hai| eka anya srota ke anusAra unakA svargavAsa vi0 saM0 1745 ( I0 1688) meM huA, aisA jJAta hotA hai| isalie unake samaya kI uttarasImA 17vIM zatI kA antima caraNa hI siddha hotI hai| vi0 saM0 1663 (I0 1606) meM yazovijaya jI ke guru zrInayavijaya jI dvArA vastrapaTTa kA citra banAyA gayA thA jo Aja taka saMbhAla kara rakhA gayA hai| usakI puSpikA ke anta meM likhA hai ki "nayavijaya jI ne vijayadevasUrI ke samaya meM karNasAgara nAmaka gA~va meM rahakara saM0 1663 ( I0 1606) meM apane ziSya jayavijaya jI ke lie yaha paTTa likhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| puSpikA meM zrInayavijaya jI ne svayaM ko gaNI evaM paMnyAsa likhA hai| gaNI va paMnyAsa jaina zramaNa saMgha meM viziSTa pada mAne jAte haiN| ukta donoM pada unhoMne yazovijaya jI ko de diye the, aisA ullekha bhI prApta hotA hai|" vastrapaTTa se pramANita hotA hai ki vi0 saM0 1663 (1606 I0) meM upA0 yazovijaya ko "gaNI" pada prApta thA / yaha sAmAnya niyama hai ki dIkSA ke 10 varSa pazcAt gaNI pada kI prApti hotI hai|" tadanusAra unakI dIkSA vi0 saM0 1653 ( I0 1566) meM huI hogii| dIkSA ke samaya unakI Ayu kama se kama ATha varSa kI jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhA0 3, pR0 378 5. sukhalAla saMghavI, jainatarkabhASA, prastAvanA, pR0 1 6. 7. S.C. Vidyabhushan, A History of India Logic, p. 217. D. N. Bhargava, Jain Tarkabhasa, Introduction, p. 18 R. Williams, Jaina Yoga, p.16 hariprAda gajAnana zukla, gurjara jaina kaviyoM kI hindI sAhitya ko dena draSTavya: sujasavelI bhAsa, DhAla 4 pR0 5 jainastotrasandoha, prathama bhAga prastAvanA jambUsvAmIrAsa prastAvanA, pR0 3 vahI esa. sI. vidyAbhUSaNa' DaoN. dayAnanda bhArgava Ara. viliyamsa jainendra siddhAnta koza* paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI * DA. hariprasAda gajAnana zukla

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA-paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya rahI hogI, kyoMki ATha varSa se kama Ayu vAle ko dIkSA dene kA niyama nahIM hai| ataH unake kAla kI pUrvasImA (I0 1588) siddha hotI hai| upA0 yazovijiya ke granthoM meM unake pUrvavartI A0 hemacandra' (12 vIM za0), dharmabhUSaNa (15 vIM za0), tathA dadhItikAra (16vIM za0) kA ullekha milatA hai, isase bhI unake ukta kAla meM hone kI puSTi hotI hai| isa prakAra upA0 yazovijaya jI kA jIvana kAla sAmAnyataH I0 1568 aura I0 1688 ke madhya nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa saMdarbha meM kucha anya pramANa bhI haiM - 1. jaina sAhitya meM yazovijaya ke samakAlika "Anandaghana' nAmaka jaina kavi kA ullekha huA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki Anandaghana ke vyaktitva se prabhAvita hokara yazovijaya ne unakI prazaMsA meM "Anandaghana dI nAmaka hindI grantha kI racanA kii| Anandaghana kA samaya vi0 saM0 1670 se 1680 taka (I0 1613-1623) mAnA jAtA hai| 2. jaina granthoM meM yazovijaya ke samakAlika eka anya vidvAna vinayavijaya gaNi kA varNana bhI milatA hai| donoM meM paraspara ghaniSTa mitratA thii| kahA jAtA hai ki donoM vidvAnoM ne kAzI meM vidyAbhyAsa sAtha-sAtha kiyA thA aura vahIM rahate hue unhoMne eka hI rAta meM 1200 zloka pramANa kA grantha kaNThastha kiyA thaa| saM 1738 (1681 I0) meM vinayavijaya ke dvArA rAMdera gAMva meM cAturmAsa kie jAne kI sUcanA milatI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki isa cAturmAsa meM unhoMne "zrIpAlarAjano rAsa nAmaka grantha kI racanA kA kArya prArambha kiyA thA, jise ve pUrA na kara sake, kyoMki grantha pUrNa hone se pUrva hI unakA dehAvasAna ho gayA thaa| isase pUrva jaba unakA svAsthya kharAba rahane lagA to unhoMne yazovijaya ko bulAkara ukta grantha ko pUrA karane kA vacana le liyA aura yazovijaya ne isa vacana ko nibhAne ke lie grantha ke zeSa bhAga ko zIghra hI pUrA kara diyaa| vinayavijaya ke ukta grantha meM upalabdha varNanazailI kI bhinnatA se bhI isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki yaha kisI eka granthakAra kI racanA na hokara do granthakAroM dvArA racita kRti hai| 3. eka anya vivaraNa ke anusAra yazovijaya dvArA mAnavijayakRta "dharmasaMgraha' graMtha ke parivardhana hetu usa paNa likhe jAne kI sacanA bhI milatI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki upA0 yazovijaya ne mAnavijaya ke ukta padyabaddha graMtha ko gadyabaddha kara pAThakoM ke lie sarala banAyA hai| mAnavijaya ne usakI racanA 1681 I0 meM kI thii| ataH spaSTa hai ki upA0 yazovijaya jI 1680 I0 meM vidyamAna the| ja itthaM ca cAjJAnanivatarkatvena tarkasya prAmANyaM dharmabhUSaNoktaM stymev| - jainatarkabhASA, pramANa pariccheda, pR0 11 yattupRthakcamanyonyAbhAva eva ityAmidadhe dIdhitikRtA tnn| - syAdvAdarahasya, pR04 vAcA zrIhemasUrorvivRttimatirasollAsabhAjAM tanomi / - vahI, pR04 jainasAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pAda TippaNa, 527 (ka) jainastotrasandoha, prathama bhAga, prastAvanA pR061 (kha) zrIzAMtasudhArasa, vinayavijaya gaNi, prastAvanA, bhAvanagara vI0ni0 saM0 2462, pR032 saMyata satara aDatrIsA varape, rahI rAMdera comAse jii| - zrIpAlarAjanorAsa, saralapura, ahamadAvAda, khaMDa 4, padya 6 zAtasudhArasa, prastAvanA, pR032. praNamya vizvezvaravIradevaM, vizvAtizAyiprathitaprabhAvam / zAstrAnusRtyA kila dharmasaMgraha, sukhAvabuddhyai vivRNomi lezataH / / - dharmasaMgraha, pUrva bhAga, mAnavijaya, yazovijayakRta TippaNa, zlo01 (ka) jainasAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pAda TippaNa 527 (kha) In A.D. 1681 Manavijaya wrote a Dharma Samgraha in Sanskrit verses apparently designed to serve us a vehicle for the comprehensive prose commentry of Yasovijaya. - R. Williams, Jaina yoga, p. 18.

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 4. kahA jAtA hai ki vi0 saM0 1718 (1661 I0 ) meM yazovijaya ne ahamadAbAda meM auraMgajeba ke mahAbatakhA~ nAmaka gujarAta ke sUbedAra ke samakSa 18 avadhAna kiye the|' auraMgajeba kA samaya 1658 I0 se 1707 I0 ke bIca mAnA jAtA hai| ataH yazovijaya ko bhI isa samaya honA caahiye| 42 5. upA0 yazovijaya ke kucha granthoM kI prazasti meM akabara ( 1526 - 1507 I0) ke samakAlIna hIravijayasUri kA ullekha milatA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki akabara ne vi0saM0 1641 (I0 1584) meM hIravijayasUri ko jagadguru kI upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyA thaa| jagadguru A0 zrIhIravijayasUri ke paTTa prabhAvaka A0 zrI vijayasenasUri the| unake svargArohaNa ke pazcAt A0 zrI vijayadevasUri unake paTTa para AsIna hue| hIravijaya ke jIvana, unake dhArmika kAryoM tathA akabara bAdazAha se unakA samparka Adi bAtoM kA vistRta vivaraNa tapAgacchIya siMha vimalagaNi ke ziSya devagaNikRta "hIrasaubhAgyam" mahAkAvya meM upalabdha hotA hai / " isa kAvya kI racanA hIravijayasUri ke samaya meM hI ho gaI thI, parantu isakI samApti vijayadevasUri ke paTTAsIna kAla meM hI ho skii| isalie isa kAvya kI racanA saM0 1672 se 1685 (I0 1615 - 1628) ke bIca sampanna huI mAnI jAtI hai| yazovijayajI ke guru nayavijayajI hIravijayasUri se tRtIya the| tadanusAra nayavijayajI avazya hI 16 veM zatI ke uttarArdha meM hue hoNge|" yazovijayajI kA samaya nayavijaya jI se kucha samaya pazcAt mAnA jA sakatA hai| unakI dIkSA vijayadevasUri dvArA vi0 saM0 1688 ( I0 1631) meM sampanna huI thI / uparyukta pramANoM ke AdhAra para yaha siddha hotA hai ki upA0 yazovijaya 16vIM zatI se pahale nahIM hue, aura 18 vIM ke prArambha meM ve nizcaya se jIvita the| isa prakAra unakA jIvanakAla vi0 saM0 1645 se 1745 (I0 1568 - 1688) taka mAnA jA sakatA hai| jIvana paricaya gujarAta pradeza meM "kalola" ke nikaTa "kanoDu' nAmaka gAMva meM "nArAyaNa" nAmaka eka jaina vyApArI the, jinakI patnI saubhAgade ne do putraratnoM ko janma diyA, jinameM se eka kA nAma jasavanta kumAra aura dUsare kA padmasiMha thaa| jasavanta kI mAtA bar3e dhArmika vicAroM vAlI thI aura pratidina devadarzana ke lie mandira jAyA karatI thI, tathA jasavanta ko bhI sAtha le jAtI thii| mAtA ke saMskAroM ke prabhAva se choTI Ayu meM hI bAlaka jasavanta kI dharma ke prati pragAr3ha ruci utpanna ho gii| pUrvakAlIna saMskAroM ke kAraNa usakI buddhi tathA pratibhA kucha adbhuta thI / 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. hU 10. indracandra zAstrI, jainatarkabhASA, prastAvanA, pR0 2: sujasavelIbhAsa, DhAla 3, padya 6. E. Lethbridge History of India, p. 129 zrImadakabbara suratrANapradatta jagadguruvirudadhArakabhaTTAraka zrI hIravijayasUrIzvaraziSyamukhya mahopAdhyAya zrIyazovijayagaNinA saMdRbdhamidam / - aSTasahasrItAtparyavivaraNam granthaprazasti / guNazreNImaNIsindhoH zrIhIravijayaprabhoH / jagadgururidaM tena virudaM pradade tadA / / hIrasaubhAgyam, 14/205 zrIsUrihIravijaye bhajati dyulokamabhyudgate vijayasenagaNAvanIndre / prItiM janA dadhati zItarucau prayAte, kSetrAntaraM samudite'MzumatIva kokAH / / - vahI, 17 / 208 tatpaTTodayabhUdharabhAsvAnzrIvijayadevasUrIndraH / bhajate tapagaNarAjyazriyamurvIsArvabhauma iva / / - vahI, 17 / 206 granthanirmANasamayastu varNanIyasya hIravijayagaNermaraNasya 1652 vikramasaMvatsare (1565 I0) bhAdrapadazuklaikAdazyAM varNitatvena SoDazazatakAduparitana eva saMbhAvyate / - * vahI, bhUmikA, paM0 zivadattakAzInAtha zrImadyazovijayasmRtigrantha, pR0 21 jambUsvAmIrAsa prastAvanA, pR0 2 akabara aura jainadharma, pR0 8-11

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA-paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya eka bAra paM0 nayavijayajI ghUmate hue pATaNa ke nikaTa kaMNagera nAmaka gAMva meM phuNce| vahA~ (upAzraya meM) nayavijayajI jasavanta kumAra ke mukha para tejasvitA, vinayaM evaM vivekapUrNa vyavahAra, buddhimattA, cAturya aura dharmAnurAga ko dekhakara bar3e prabhAvita hue| unhoMne jasavanta meM bhaviSya ke eka mahAn ratna kA darzana kiyaa| gurujI ne saMgha kI upasthiti meM jasavanta ko jaina zAsana ke caraNoM meM samarpita karane kI mAMga kii| putra kI yogyatA se prabhAvita hokara mAtA ne deza va dharma ke ujjvala bhaviSya kI kAmanA se gurujI kI AjJA ko svIkAra kiyA aura apane ati priya beTe ko utsAhapUrvaka zubha muhUrta meM guru nayavijayajI ko samarpita kara diyaa| isa prakAra jainazAsana ke bhAvI navaratna kA bIjAropaNa huaa| choTe se gAMva meM aise yogya bAlaka ko dIkSA denA kama mahatvapUrNa na thaa| ataH jasavanta kumAra kI bhAgavatI dIkSA zubhamuhUrta meM "aNahilapura pATana" nAmaka prasiddha zahara meM bar3I dhUmadhAma se huii| jaina zramaNa-paramparA ke niyamAnusAra gRhasthAzrama kA nAma badala kara jasavijaya (jo bAda meM yazovijaya bana gayA) aura inake bhAI padmasiMha kA nAma padmavijaya rakhA gyaa| ina donoM kA samasta janatA ne utsAhapUrvaka abhinandana kiyaa| jaina municaryA ke niyamAnusAra sAdhaka ko pahale choTI dIkSA dI jAtI hai, bAda meM bar3I / ataH choTI dIkSA ke pazcAt inakI pUrva yogyatA kI jA~ca kara guru dvArA unheM bar3I dIkSA dI gii| tadantara guru nayavijayajI aura yazovijayajI ahamadAbAda phuNce| vahA~ vi0saM0 1666 meM saMgha ke samakSa jasavijaya jI ne ATha avadhAna kiye| unakI vilakSaNa buddhi se prabhAvita hokara vahA~ ke dhanajI surA nAmaka prasiddha vyApArI ne inheM uccazikSA prApta karavAkara dUsarA hemacandra banAne kI icchA vyakta kii| paM. nayavijaya kI AjJA se yazovijaya ko adhyayana ke lie kAzI bheja diyA gyaa| kahA jAtA hai ki usa vyApArI ne isa kArya ke lie do hajAra cAMdI ke dInAra dAna meM diye the| guru nayavijayajI apane ziSya yazovijaya ko lekara sarasvatI dhAma kAzI aaye| vahA~ yazovijaya ne eka prasiddha vidvAn zrI bhaTTAcArya (nAma ajJAta) se tIna varSa taka nyAyazAstroM kA adhyayana kiyaa| tIvrasmRti, apUrvagrahaNazakti va kaNThasthazakti ke kAraNa vyAkaraNa, tarka va nyAya Adi zAstroM kI vividha zAkhAoM meM pAraMgata ho gaye aura darzanazAstroM ke gahana adhyayana se unakI prasiddhi SaDdarzanavettA ke rUpa meM ho gii| navyanyAya ke to ve bejor3a vidvAna bane hI, sAtha hI zAstrArtha tathA vAdavivAda karane meM bhI unakI pratibhA ke samakakSa koI anya nahIM thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki kAzI meM gaMgAtaTa para rahakara yazovijayajI ne "aiMkAra mantra dvArA sarasvatI kA japa kiyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa mAtA zAradA ne prasanna hokara aisA varadAna diyA, jisake prabhAva se yazovijayajI kAvya aura bhASA ke kSetra meM kalpavRkSa ke samAna saphala sArthaka yazasvI bana gye| yazovijaya ke grantha kI pahacAna prArambha meM prayukta "aiM pada se hotI hai| eka bAra kAzI ke rAjadarabAra meM aneka vidvAnoM kI upasthiti meM eka ajaina vidvAna ke sAtha kie gaye zAstrArtha meM yazovijayajI vijayI he| inake pragAr3ha pANDitya evaM pratibhA se prabhAvita hokara kAzI 1. draSTayya : zrImAnavijayakRta dharmasaMgraha, prazastipadya; dvAtriMzatadvAtriMzikA, prazastipadya 2. sartakarkazadhiyA'khiladarzaneSu mUrdhanyatAmadhigatAstapAgacchadhuryAH / kAzyAM vijitya parayUthikaparSado'grayA, vistAritapravarajainamataprabhAvAH / / - dharmasaMgraha, prazastipadya, 10 3. sArada sAra dayA karo, Apo vacana surNg| tU tUThI muja upari, jApa karata upgNg|| - jambUsvAmIrAsa, prathama adhikAra, padya / 4. aiMkArajApavaramApya kavitvavittavavAMchAsuradrumapagaMgamabhaMgaraMgama |-nyaaykhnnddnkhnnddkhaady, padya 1

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke vidvAnoM ne unheM "nyAyavizArada' kI padavI pradAna kii| vidyA kA pavitra dhAma kAzI usa samaya darzana ke kSetra meM prasiddha thA / kAzI meM upA0 yazovijaya kA AnA aura phira usa samaya taka vikasita nyAyazAstra kA vizeSakara navyanyAya kA gahana adhyayana karanA, jaina paramparA ke lie varadAna siddha huA / kAzI ke pazcAt unhoMne AgarA meM 4 varSa rahakara nyAyazAstra kA vizeSa abhyAsa evaM cintana kiyA / AgarA se vihAra karake ve gujarAta ke ahamadAbAda nagara meM pdhaare| vahA~ zrIsaMgha ne isa diggaja vidvAn kA bhavya svAgata kiyaa| ahamadAbAda meM hI vi0saM0 1718 meM auraMgajeba ke mahAbatakhA~ nAmaka gujarAta ke sUbedAra ke samakSa unhoMne 18 avadhAna kiye| sUbedAra unakI smRtizakti para mugdha ho gyaa| unakA bhavya svAgata huA aura sarvatra jaina zAstra kA abhUtapUrva kIrtimAna sthApita ho gyaa| unakI vidvattA aura kuzalatA se prabhAvita hokara vi0saM0 1718 meM hI zrIsaMgha ne tatkAlIna tapAgacchIya zramaNasaMgha ke agraNI zrI devasUri se yazovijaya ko "upAdhyAya" pada pradAna karane kI prArthanA kii| taba vijayadevasUri ke ziSya zrI vijayaprabhasUri ne unheM vAcaka "upAdhyAya" pada se vibhUSita kiyaa| unakI prakhara pratibhA ne zrI haribhadrasUri ke grantha rUpI samudra meM avagAhana karake jo jJAnAmRta jijJAsuoM ko pradAna kiyA hai, usake kAraNa ve jaina munivarga meM "laghu haribhadra" ke upanAma se jAne jAte haiN| sau granthoM kI racanA karane para unheM "nyAyAcArya" kI padavI pradAna kI gaI / 44 isake atirikta vidvAnoM ne inako kavi, kUrcAlIzArada tathA tArkika Adi gauravapUrNa virudoM se bhI alaMkRta kiyaa| ziSya - paramparA kI dRSTi se zrI upAdhyAya jI ke 6 ziSya the / upAdhyAya jI ne aneka sthAnoM kA vicaraNa kiyA, kintu pramukha rUpa se ve gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM rahe, aisA unake granthoM evaM stutiyoM se jJAta hotA hai / upA0 yazovijaya kI yaha vizeSatA thI ki zvetAmbara sampradAya ke AcArya hote hue bhI unhoMne digambara granthoM kA adhyayana kiyA aura una para TIkAe~ likhiiN| yahI nahIM, unhoMne jainetara granthoM para bhI vivaraNa likhe| yaha unakA agAdha pANDitya hI hai ki unhoMne zruti, smRti, upaniSadoM Adi kA adhyayana karake apane granthoM meM aneka zrutigata vAkya uddhRta kiye| apanI isa asAdhAraNa pratibhA kA zreya ve gurubhakti kA prabhAva samajhate haiM / upA0 yazovijaya ke saMbaMdha meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki unhoMne anya jaina sAdhuoM ke samAna mandiranirmANa, mUrtipratiSThA, saMghanirmANa Adi bahirmukhI dharmakAryoM meM apanA manoyoga na lagAkara sArA jIvana mAtra zAstracintana tathA navyanyAya zailI ke granthoM ke nirmANa meM lagAyA / " kRtitva saMskRta, prAkRta, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI aura hindI bhASA para unakA samAna adhikAra thaa| ataH unhoMne 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. (ka) pUrvaM nyAyavizAradatvavirudaM kAzyAM pradattaM budhaiH / - jainatarkabhASA, prazasti padya, saM0 4 (kha) yasya nyAyavizAradatvavirudaM kAzyAM pradattaM budhaiH / - mahAvIra stuti, 108 (ga) asau jainaH kAzIvivudhavijayaprAptavirudo - nyAyakhaNDanakhaNDakhAdya, 108 oko tapa ArAdhayuM vidhi thakI tasa phala karatali kIdha / vAcaka padavI satara aDhAramAMjI zrIvijayaprabhasUri dIgha / / - sujasavelIbhAsa, DhAla 3. pR0 12 nyAyAcAryapadaM tataH kRtazatagranthasya yasyArpitam / - jainatarkabhASA, prazasti padya saM0 4 sitAmbara - ziromaNirvidita-cArucintAmaNirvidhAya hRdi rucyatAmiha samAnatantre naye / - aSTasahastrItAtparyavivaraNa, pR0 1 (ka) zrutiH zrutArthApattizca etadarthe pramANatAmavagAhete eva / - jJAnabinduprakaraNa, pR0 26 (kha) zrutismRtizatebhyo'jJAnameva ca mokSavyavadhAyakatvenAvagatam - vahI, pR0 30 amhArisA vi mukkhA, paMtIe paMDiANa pavisaMti / aNaM gurubhatI kiM vilasiamabaaM itto / / - gurutattvavinizcaya, 1/6 sukhalAla, saMghavI, jainatarkabhASA, prastAvanA, pR0 3

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya T ina saba bhASAoM meM grantha racanA kii| kahA jAtA hai ki unhoMne choTe-bar3e lagabhaga 500 grantha likhe / yadyapi unakI sabhI kRtiyA~ to upalabdha nahIM haiM, phira bhI jo upalabdha haiM, unakI saMkhyA 108 mAnI jAtI hai| upA0 yazovijaya bhI haribhadra ke samAna vibhinna bhAratIya dharma, darzana evaM yoga-sAdhanA kI paramparAoM ke prabala poSaka the| unakA adhyayana vyApaka evaM vastusparzI thA / isalie unakI racanA - zakti bhI adbhuta evaM vegavatI thii| sAhitya kI aneka vidhAoM para unhoMne apanI lekhanI claaii| unhoMne lokakalyANa va AtmakalyANa ke lie aneka viSayoM para grantha racanA kara jJAna ke kSetra kA vikAsa kiyA aura apane pANDitya kA adbhuta paricaya diyA / 12vIM zatI ke gaMgeza upAdhyAya dvArA pravartita navyanyAya kI zailI ke anurUpa aneka granthoM kA praNayana kiyA / tArkika, kavi va naiyAyika hone ke sAtha-sAtha ve mahAn yogI bhI the| unhoMne jahA~ pramANa, prameya, naya, tarka, AcAra, mukti, yoga, bhakti Adi aneka viSayoM para grantharacanA kI, vahA~ kAvya, vyAkaraNa Adi ko bhI achUtA nahIM chodd'aa| unakI racanAe~ gadya va padya donoM meM samAna rUpa se milatI haiN| zailI kI dRSTi se unake grantha vyAkhyA evaM varNanaparaka adhika milate haiM / inakI kRtiyoM meM khaMDana-maMDana aura samanvaya, tInoM kA samAveza hai| unakI bhASA alaMkRta aura prabhAvapUrNa hai / mahAkAvya dArzanika va naiyAyika ciMtana se bharapUra haiM tathA unameM jyotiSazAstra, zakunazAstra, va Ayurveda ke kucha prasaMga bhI haiM / pUrvavartI kaviyoM kA prabhAva upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI para pUrvavartI kaviyoM kA paryApta prabhAva hai| unake granthoM meM prAcIna kaviyoM, naiyAyikoM tathA dArzanikoM Adi ke matoM kA ullekha isakA dyotaka hai| mahAkavi kAlidAsa, harSa aura paNDitarAja jagannAtha ke padoM kI chAyA bhI inake mahAkAvyoM meM milatI hai| dharmabhUSaNa kI "nyAyadIpikA " ke sthaloM kA AnupUrvI ke sAtha prayoga bhI "jainatarkabhASA" meM huA hai| unake adhyAtmaviSayaka granthoM meM apane mata kI puSTi hetu jaina AgamoM, haribhadrasUri kRta yogagranthoM, vaidikagranthoM, vizeSakara gItA evaM pAtaJjalayogasUtra tathA bauddhagranthoM ke bahuzaH udAharaNa prApta hote haiM / I saMkSepa meM upA0 yazovijayajI atyanta pratiSThita, tathA sarvatomukhI pratibhA se sampanna vyakti the / inakI vidvattA evam pANDitya ko dekhate hue kisI vidvAn ne inheM vartamAna kAla ke "mahAvIra" ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai| Aja bhI zrIsaMgha meM kisI bhI bAta para vivAda utpanna hone para upAdhyAya jI dvArA racita zAstra athavA TIkA ke vAkya ko antima pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| isIlie samakAlIna munivaroM ne inako * zrutakevalI" isa vizeSaNa se saMbodhita kiyA hai| jaina granthAvalI ke anusAra upA0 yazovijaya dvArA racita granthoM kI nAmAvalI' isa prakAra hai| - 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. adhyAtmopaniSad adhyAtmamatadalana laghuH purASTAva (?) tizcaritraM, sthAtuM ca datte'nujamapyamuM yat / sampazyati bhrAtRgRhaM na vakra-krUragrahaH kiM mama cakradambhAt / / - ArSabhIyacaritra mahAkAvyam 3/85 vahI, 41--17 vahI, 3/16 syAdavAdarahasya, pR0 16 yazodohana, pR0 6-12. tarkapramANanayamukhyavivecanena prodbodhitAdimamunizrutakevalitvAH / cakruryazovijayavAcakarAjimukhyA granthe'tramayyupakRtiM parizodhanAdyaiH / / - dharmasaMgraha, prazasti padya 11 jainagranthAvalI, pR0 103-108 45

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46 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana OM OM 10. adhyAtmasAra adhyAtmamataparIkSA (prAkRta) evaM vRtti (svopajJa) upadezarahasya (prAkRta) evaM vivRti (svopajJa) karmaprakRtiTIkA 7. gurutattvavinizcaya (prAkRta) evaM vRtti (svopajJa) jJAnabindu (prakaraNa) jJAnasAra (aSTaka) jainatarkabhASA 11. devadharmaparIkSA 12. dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA (svopajJavRtti sahita) 13. dharmaparIkSA (prAkRta), (svopajJavRtti sahita) nayarahasya nayopadeza (svopajJaTIkA sahita) nyAyAloka 17. nyAyakhaNDanakhaNDakhAdyaTIkA pratimAzataka (svopajJaTIkA sahita) 16. pratimAsthApananyAya 20. bhASArahasya (prAkRta), (svopajJaTIkA sahita) 21. mArgaparizuddhi yatilakSaNasamuccaya (prAkRta) vairAgyakalpalatA SoDazakavRtti 25. sAmAcArIprakaraNa (prAkRta) (svopajJavRtti sahita) 26. syAdvAdkalpalatA (haribhadrakRta zAstravArtAsamuccaya para vRtti) 27. stotratraya (zaMkhezvarapArzvanAthastotra, goDIpArzvanAthastotra, zamInAbhidhapArzvanAthastotra) 28. stotrAvali upA0 yazovijaya kRta kucha anupalabdha grantha : 1 chandazcUDAmaNiTIkA 2. jJAnArNava (svopajJa TIkA sahita) 3. trisUtryAlokavivaraNa pAtaJjala-kaivalyapAda vRtti maMgalavAda mArgaparizuddhi (pUrvArdha) pramArahasya vidhivAda siddhAnta-tarkapariSkAra 10. vAdarahasya

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA-paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya inake atirikta nimnalikhita grantha bhI upA0 yazovijayajI dvArA racita mAne jAte haiM - 1. tattvaviveka 2. syAdvAdamaMjUSA, 3. kUpadRSTAMtavizadIkaraNa (prAkRta) (svopajJa TIkA sahita) adhyAtmasAra (saMskRta) ___ sAta prabandhoM (prakaraNoM) evaM 31 adhikAroM meM vibhakta ukta graMtha meM kula 646 zloka haiN| vividha dharmazAstroM meM yatra-tatra bikhare hue adhyAtma ke sabhI viSaya isa kati meM upalabdha haiN| prathama prabandha meM adhyAtma kI prazaMsA, adhyAtma kA svarUpa, daMbhatyAga evaM bhavasvarUpa ina cAra viSayoM kA savistAra varNana kiyA gayA hai| dUsare meM vairAgya saMbhava, vairAgya ke bheda aura vairAgya sambandhI Avazyaka viSayoM kA spaSTa rIti se varNana kiyA hai| tIsare meM mamatA kA tyAga, mamatA, sadanuSThAna aura manaHzuddhi kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| cauthe meM samyaktva, mithyAtvatyAga aura kadAgrahatyAga Adi viSayoM kA vivecana hai| pAcaveM meM yoga, dhyAna aura dhyAna-stuti varNita hai| chaThe meM Atmavinizcaya kA varNana hai| sAtaveM prabandha meM jinamata-stuti tathA anubhavI sajjana-stuti kI carcA hai| jaina zvetAmbara kAnphreMsa dvArA prakAzita jaina granthAvalI meM mUlagrantha kA pramANa 1300 zloka batAyA gayA hai| adhyAtmopaniSad (saMskRta) 231 zlokoM kA yaha grantha cAra adhikAroM meM vibhakta haiN| isa meM vaidika, naiyAyika, sAMkhya, mImAMsA, bauddha aura jainamata ke samanvayapUrvaka yogavAziSTha tathA haribhadra ke granthoM se uddharaNa lekara svamata kI puSTi kI gaI hai| zAstrayogazuddhi nAmaka prathama adhikAra meM adhyAtma kA svarUpa, adhyAtma ke adhikArI, mithyAgrahI tucchagrahI) jIvo kI dazA, zAstra kI sAmathrya, zAstra-parIkSA kI vidhi, trividha zUddhi, ekAntavAdiyoM ke mata kA syAvAda dRSTikoNa se vivecana, nayazuddhi, zrutajJAna, ciMtAjJAna aura bhAvanAjJAna kA svarUpa, dharmavAda ke adhikArI Adi viSayoM kA spaSTIkaraNa, tathA bIca-bIca meM anya Avazyaka prasaMga bhI sarasa nIti se carcita haiN| jJAnayogazuddhi nAmaka dvitIya adhikAra meM prAtibhajJAna, AtmajJAnI muni, saccA jJAnI, jJAnI puruSa kI nirlepatA, cittazuddhi ke sAdhana, jJAnayoga kA vyAvahArika va naiyAyika dRSTi se svarUpa, ina cha: viSayoM kI vyAkhyA hai| tIsare, kriyAyogazuddhi adhikAra meM kriyA kI upayogitA jAnane ke prasaMga meM kisa kriyA se bhAvazuddhi ho sakatI hai, isakA vivecana hai tathA yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki jJAnI puruSa bhI karma kA nAza karane ke lie kriyA kI sAdhanA avazya karatA hai| caturtha sAmyayogazuddhi adhikAra meM samatA, guNayukta jIva kI sthiti, samatA ke binA sAmAyika kI asaMbhAvyatA, paramAtma-svarUpa ko jAnane meM samatA kA sahAyaka honA tathA samatA se hone vAle lAbha kI vistRta carcA hai| ina viSayoM kI carcA meM bharata, damayaMtaRSi, namirAjaRSi, skandasUri ke ziSya, metArya, gajasukumAla, arNikAputra, dRr3haprahArI, zrImarudeva Adi ke udAharaNa bhI diye gaye haiN| jJAnasAra (saMskRta) yaha eka uccakoTi kA AdhyAtmika grantha hai| ukta grantha 32 aSTakoM meM vibhakta hai| isameM kula 256

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48 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana zloka haiM / ATha zlokoM dvArA racita pratyeka aSTaka meM AtmA ke pRthak-pRthak guNoM ke varNanapUrvaka pratyeka zloka meM jJAna, vairAgya aura adhyAtma kI eka advitIya amRtarasadhArA bahatI dikhAI detI hai| jJAnasAra meM mukhyatayA SaDdravyoM meM se jIva dravya kA vivecana hai| vibhAvadazA meM pha~sI huI AtmA kisa prakAra kaSTa kA anubhava karatI hai aura svabhAvadazA meM apane yathArtha svarUpa ko prApta kara kisa prakAra Ananda kA anubhava karatI hai, isakA atisundara varNana isameM upalabdha hotA hai| yahA~ svAnubhava evaM zAstrAdhyayana ke AdhAra para yoga aura adhyAtma donoM hI dRSTikoNoM se viSaya kA pratipAdana hai| yaha grantha upAdhyAyajI ke jJAna-samudra ke eka bindu ke samAna hai| laghukAya hote hue bhI yaha sindhu ke samAna jJAnanidhi kA AgAra hai| graMtha prazasti ke anusAra yaha graMtha na to bAlabodha ke kAraNa apanI hI lAra ko dUdha samajhakara cATane jaisA sarala hai aura na hI nIrasa / apitu yaha to nyAyamAlA rUpI amRta kA vaha pravAha hai jisake AsvAdana se moha kI jvAlA zAMta hotI hai tathA buddhi vizAla banatI hai| buddhi aura jJAna donoM ko mukhyatA pradAna karate hue kahA gayA hai ki buddhi dvArA vAda-prativAda to kie jA sakate haiM kintu tattvajJAna kA ata nahIM pAyA jA sktaa| ataH tattva ke yathArtha svarUpa kA jJAna prApta karane ke lie granthakAra ne jJAnasAra ke bAra-bAra vAcana, manana aura cintanapUrvaka svAdhyAya karane kI AvazyakatA para jora diyA hai| mantavya matAntara hone para bhI zrImadbhagavadgItA ke samAna ise jaina va jainetara donoM paramparAoM meM Adara prApta hai| isameM jaina darzana ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke samAvezapUrvaka vedAnta, gItA aura yogavAziSTha meM prayukta saccidAnanda, pUrNAnanda, cinmAtravizrAnti, parabrahma dharmasaMnyAsa, yogasaMnyAsa, nirvikalpatyAga, ma, asaMgakriyA Adi viSayoM kI saiddhAntika carcA kI gaI hai| saMkSepa meM yaha eka sArvapArSada grantha hai| ise akSaya sukha kA dAtA aura bhava-bandhana se mukti dilAne vAlA bhI kahA gayA hai| dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA (saMskRta) ___ isa racanA meM granthakAra ne dAna, dezanA, mArga, jinamahatva, bhakti, sAdhu sAmagrya, dharmavyavasthA, vAda, kathA, yoga-lakSaNa, pAtaJjala-yogalakSaNavicAra, pUrvasevA, muktyadveSaprAdhAnya, apunarbandhaka, samyagdRSTi, IzAnugrahavicAra, daivapuruSakAra, yogabheda, yogaviveka, yogAvatAra, mitrA, tArAditraya, kutarkagrahanivRtti, sadRSTi, klezahAnopAya, yogamAhAtmya, bhikSu, dIkSA, vinaya, kevalibhuktivyavasthApana, mukti, tathA sajjanastuti Adi battIsa viSayoM kA yathArtha svarUpa batAkara unheM battIsa zlokoM ke vibhAgoM meM bAMTA hai| isI kAraNa ise "dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA' kahA gayA hai| isa kRti meM mukhya rUpa se pAtaJjalayogasUtra evaM haribhadrasUrikRta yogagranthoM kI sarala vyAkhyA hone se yaha vizeSa upayogI hai| pAtaJjalayogasUtravRtti sAMkhya darzana para AdhRta evaM yogaprakriyA kA sAMgopAMga nirUpaNa karane vAle pAtaJjalayogasUtra para sabase prAmANika evaM mahattvapUrNa kRti vyAsabhASya hai| isake AdhAra para upA0 yazovijaya ne TippaNa rUpa laghu sUtravRtti kI racanA kI hai| yaha yogasUtravRtti pAtaJjalayogasUtra ke samasta sUtroM para na hokara kevala cune hue 27 sUtroM para hI jaina siddhAntoM ke anusAra unameM paraspara sAmya-vaiSamya darzAte hue racI gaI hai| apane mata kI puSTi ke lie vRttikAra ne AcArAMgasUtra, Avazyaka niyukti, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, siddhasena divAkarakRta dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA tathA haribhadrakRta yogabindu evaM yogaviMzikA ke vAkyoM ko bhI uddhRta kiyA hai| tti kA viSaya AcAra na hokara tattvajJAna hai| isakI bhASA sAdhAraNa saMskRta na hokara viziSTa saMskRta arthAt navyanyAya evaM dArzanika pAribhASika zabdAvalI hai| isameM rAjayoga, karmAzaya, AtmA tathA

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pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga-sAdhanA-paddhati tathA sambandhita sAhitya 49 mokSa viSayaka siddhAntoM kI bhI vizada carcA hai| Astika darzanoM ke viparIta isameM anubandha catuSTaya kA pratipAdana nahIM hai| vRttikAra ne ukta vRtti ke prathama pAda meM yoga-lakSaNa, cittavRttiyoM ke bheda, yoga ke upAyabhUta apara aura paravairAgya samprajJAta aura asamprajJAta yoga, bhavapratyaya, Izvara kA svarUpa, maitrI Adi cAra bhAvanAoM, samApatti ke cAra bhedoM, RtambharA prajJA kA svarUpa; dvitIya pAda meM tapa, Izvara-praNidhAna, avidyAdi pAMca klezoM, unakI prasupta Adi cAra avasthAoM, karma, karmavipAka tathA vipAka sambandhI niyamoM, sRSTisaMhArakrama, aMhisAdi pAMca yamoM, zauca, indriyoM kI paramAvazyatA Adi kA jainamAnyatAnusAra svarUpa varNana kiyA hai| tRtIya pAda meM kaivalya, vivekakhyAti aura sarvajJa sambandhI mukhya siddhAntoM kA, tathA caturtha pAda meM vastu ke pratyeka dharma kI bhAvi, bhUta aura vartamAna avasthAoM kI jaina paramparAnukUla vyAkhyA kI hai| jaina darzana kI bhitti "syAdvAda" hone se sarvatra syAdvAda ke siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karane kA prayAsa dikhAI detA hai| upA0 yazovijaya ke ukta grathoM meM jo madhyasthatA, guNagrAhakatA. sUkSmasamanvayazakti aura spaSTavAditA dikhAI detI hai, vaha anya AcAryoM meM apekSAkRta kama milatI hai|

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dvitIya adhyAya yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda 1. yoga : vyutpatti evaM artha ___ 'yoga' zabda kA sAmAnya artha hai jor3anA yA ekatra krnaa| saMskRta meM 'yoga' kI vyutpatti 'yuja' dhAtu se mAnI gaI hai| pANinI ke gaNapATha meM yuj dhAtu tIna bAra prayukta huI hai| tadanusAra rudhAdigaNa meM paThita 'yuj' dhAtu kA artha hai saMyoga,' divAdigaNa meM, ullikhita yuj dhAtu kA artha hai samAdhi, aura curAdigaNa meM paThita 'yuj' dhAtu kA artha hai saMyamana / ina tInoM arthoM meM varNita 'yuj' dhAtu meM ghaJ pratyaya jor3ane se 'yoga' zabda vyutpanna huA hai| 2. yoga kA svarUpa a. pAtaJjalayoga-mata ___ pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM yoga kI vyutpatti 'yuj samAdhau' se svIkRta hai| bhASyakAra vyAsa ke anusAra yoga aura samAdhi paryAyavAcI haiN| sUtrakAra pataJjali ne bhI samprajJAta aura asamprajJAta donoM prakAra ke yoga ke lie 'samAdhi' pada kA prayoga kiyA hai| anya vyAkhyAkAroM ne bhI pAtaJjalayoga meM ullikhita 'yoga' ko samAdhyarthaka mAnate hue ukta mata kI puSTi kI hai| tattvavaizAradIkAra vAcaspatimizra evaM hariharAnanda AraNya' ne to spaSTa zabdoM meM 'yoga' ke saMyoga artha kA niSedha kiyA hai| ___ maharSi pataJjali ko 'yoga' zabda se 'paramasamAdhi' artha abhipreta hai| paramasamAdhi rUpa yoga kI sthiti parNataH niruddha hone ke anantara hI saMbhava hotI hai. isalie anya zabdoM meM, 'cittavRttinirodha' ko yoga kahA gayA hai| isa paribhASA ke anusAra pUrNa nirodha tabhI saMbhava hotA hai, jaba vRttiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha unake saMskAroM kA bhI nirodha ho jaae| isa dRSTi se ekAgrAvasthA meM hone vAle yoga ko 'samprajJAta' tathA niruddhAvasthA meM hone vAle yoga ko 'asamprajJAta' kahakara 'yoga' ke do bheda kara +Mi "yujir yoge', siddhAnta kaumudI, dhAtukramasaMkhyA, 1444 2. 'yuja samAdhau', vahI, dhAtukramasaMkhyA. 1177 yuja saMyamane, vahI, dhAtukramasaMkhyA 1807 yogaH samAdhiH .........| - vyAsabhASya (pAtaJjalayogadarzana). pR02 (ka) tAH eva sabIjaH smaadhiH| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/36 (kha) tasyApi nirodhe sarvanirodhAnnirbIjaH smaadhiH| - vahI, 1/51 (ka) 'yuja samAdhau', anuziSyate vyaakhyaayte| - bhojavRtti(yogasUtram), pR01 (kha) yuja samAdhAvityanuzAsanataH prasiddho yogaH samAdhiH / - yogavArtika(pAtaJjalayogadarzanam). pR06 (ga) 'yuja samAdhau', iti dhAtoryogaH samAdhiH |-yogsudhaakr(yogsuutrm), pR03 'yuja samAdhau' ityasmAda vyutpannaH samAdhyartho na tu 'yujir yoge-ityasmAtsaMyogArtha ityarthaH / - tattvavaizAradI(pAtaJjalayogadarzanam), pR03 8. na ca saMyogAAdyarthako'yaM yogaH, 'yuja samAdhau' itishaabdikaaH| - bhAsvatI (pAtaJjalayogadarzanam ), pR06 6. yogazcittavRttinirodhaH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/2

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yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda diye gaye haiN| bhojadeva ne usa avasthA ko samprajJAtasamAdhi kahA hai, jisameM saMzaya aura viparyaya se rahita dhyeya vastu kA samyak jJAna hotA hai / kintu yaha avasthA asamprajJAta kI apekSA isalie nimna mAnI gaI hai, kyoMki isameM prakRti aura puruSa viSayaka bheda kI anubhUti hotI haiM aura dvaita buddhi banI rahatI hai, jabaki asamprajJAtasamAdhi meM usakA bhI nirodha ho jAtA hai| vahA~ kisI bhI vastu kA Alambana nahIM rahatA aura dhyAtA, dhyAna va dhyeya tInoM ekAkAra ho jAte haiM, saba vRttiyoM kA nirodha ho jAtA hai| maharSi pataJjali ne 'cittavRttinirodha' isa lakSaNa meM samprajJAta aura asamprajJAta donoM prakAra kI samAdhiyoM kA antarbhAva kiyA hai, jo lakSaNa mAtra se spaSTa nahIM hotaa| vAcaspatimizra ne "klezAdivirodhIcittavRttinirodha" kahakara ukta yoga- lakSaNa meM mahattvapUrNa pariSkAra sUcita kiyA hai| A. jainayoga-mata jaina - paramparAnusAra 'yoga' eka viziSTa pAribhASika zabda hai, jisakA artha hai mana, vacana va kAya kI pravRtti | isa pravRtti ke purovartI AtmapariNAmoM ko bhI 'yoga' kahA jAtA hai|' ukta dvividha 'yoga' ke kAraNa hI karmoM kA Asrava hotA hai" aura yadi kaSAya bhI hoM to vaha Asrava 'bandha' rUpa meM pariNata hokara dRr3ha ho jAtA hai|" yoga do prakAra kA hotA hai - zubhayoga evaM ashubhyog| zubhayoga se puNya, evaM azubha yoga se pApa kA 'Asrava' hotA hai| yaha donoM prakAra kA yoga karmabandha kA kAraNa hai|' yahA~ saMyogArthaka 'yujir dhAtu kA sAMsArika bandhakAraka artha abhipreta hai| ataH mokSa prApta karane ke lie yoga kA nirodha ( saMvara) aura pUrvabaddhakarmoM kA kSaya karanA par3atA hai| " jainetara paramparAoM tathA prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM 'yoga' pada adhyAtma-sAdhanA ke sandarbha meM prayukta huA hai, aura vaha pramukhataH samAdhi tathA usakI siddhi meM sahAyaka vividha ( yama, niyama) sAdhanAoM kA sUcaka hai / prAcIna jainAgamoM meM pramukhatayA 'yoga' zabda Asrava ke hetubhUta mana-vacana-kAya kI pravRtti Adi ke artha meM prayukta huA hai, parantu sAtha hI dhyAna, samAdhi Adi vividha yaugika sAdhanoM ke artha meM bhI isakA prayoga huA / sambhavataH jainetara paramparAoM ke prabhAva se aisA huA ho| jaina cUMki samanvayavAdI the, isalie unhoMne apane pAribhASika artha ke atirikta itara paramparAoM meM pracalita artha meM bhI 'yoga' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| athavA yoga- paramparA meM pracalita yama, niyama, tapa, svAdhyAya, IzvarapraNidhAna Adi bhI eka 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 6. 10. (ka) yogo hi dvividhaH samprajJAto'samprajJAtazca / - bhAvAgaNezavRtti, (yogasUtram ). pR0 4. (kha) dvividho yogaH samprajJAto'samprajJAtazca / - nAgojIbhaTTavRtti, (yogasUtram ), pR0 4 51 (ga) tatra yogo dvividhaH samprajJAto'samprajJAtazceti / - maNiprabhAvRtti, (yogasUtram), pR0 2 (gha) yuj samAdhau iti dhAtoryogaH samAdhiH; .... tatra samAdhirdvividhaH samprajJAto'samprajJAtazceti / yogasudhAkara, pR0 3 samyak saMzayaviparyayarahitatvena prajJAyate prakarSeNa jJAyate bhAvyasya rUpaM saH samprajJAtaH samAdhirbhAvanAvizeSaH / - bhojavRtti, pR0 20 sarvavRttinirodhe tvasaMprajJAtaH samAdhiH / - vyAsabhASya, pR0 3 klezakarmAzayaparipanthitve sati cittavRttinirodhatvaM yogatvam / - tattvavaizAradI, pR0 10 (ka) tivihe joe paNNatte taMjahA - maNajoe vaijoe kAyajoe / - sthAnAMgasUtra, 3/1/124 (kha) kAyavAGmanaH karma yogaH / - tattvArthasUtra, 6/1 dhyAnazataka, haribhadravRtti, gA0 3 pR0 3 sthAnAMgasUtra, (sthAnAMgasUtraM samavAyAMgasUtraM ca) abhayadevavRtti, 3/1/124, pR0 71 prAkRta paMcasaMgraha, 1/55 tattvArthasUtra, 6/2 vahI, 6/5 mithyAdarzanAviratipramAdakaSAyayogAH bandhahetavaH / - vahI, 8 / 1 bandhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAm, kRtsnakarmakSayamokSaH / - vahI, 10 / 2, 3

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prakAra se 'yoga' (kAyAdi pravRttiyA~) hI haiM, isalie saMbhava hai ki 'dhyAna' va 'samAdhi' Adi ko bhI 'yoga' ke rUpa meM svIkRta kara liyA gayA ho| uttarAdhyayana meM varNita joga (yoga) zabda saMyama tathA samAdhi' artha kA sUcaka hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM prayukta 'jogavaM' (yogavAn) ke 'yoga' pada kA 'saMyama' artha hai / 'ajjhappayoga' (adhyAtmayoga) zabda dharmadhyAna ke artha meM prayukta hai| sthAnAMga meM 'jogavAhitA' (yogavAhitA) zabda kA ullekha huA hai jisakA artha TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ke anusAra samAdhi kI nirantaratA hai AgamaparavartI jainasAhitya meM bhI dhyAna evaM samAdhi' artha meM 'yoga' zabda kA prayoga pracuratA se dRSTigocara hotA hai| yoga, samAdhi, zuddhopayoga, samyakpraNidhAna, dhyAna, cittaikAgratA, cittanirodha, dhIrodha, svAntanigraha, antaH saMlInatAye sabhI zabda ekArthavAcaka mAne gaye haiM, jisase yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki jaina- paramparA meM prayukta 'yoga' zabda samaSTi yoga-sAdhanA ko vyakta karatA thA, jisameM pratyAhAra se samAdhi taka ke aMga samAhita the kyoMki ye yogasiddhi (mokSa) ke sAkSAt sAdhana haiN| yama, niyama, Asana, aura prANAyAma yogasiddhi ke sAkSAt sAdhana na hone ke kAraNa bahiraMga sAdhana mAne jAte haiN| paravartI jaina granthoM meM yoga zabda saMyoga (jur3ane aura jor3ane ) artha meM bhI prayukta huA hai|" 52 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7. 8. 6 vahaNe vahamANassa kaMtAraM aivattaI / joge vahamANassa, saMsAro aivattaI || uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 27/2 (ka) iha jIviyaM aNiyamettA pabbhaTThA samAhijoehiM / te kAmabhogarasagiddhA avavajjanti Asure kAe / 1- vahI. 8/14 / (kha) yogaH samAdhiH so'syAsti iti yogavAn uttarAdhyayanasUtra bRhadvRtti, zAntyAcArya, pR0 343 (ka) jayayaM viharAhi jogavaM anupANA paMthA duruttarA / aNusAsaNameva pakkane, vIrehiM sammaM paveiyaM / / - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, (prathamazrutaskandha) 2/1/11 (kha) (jogavaM) yogavAn iti saMyamayogavAn guptittamitiguptaH ityarthaH / sUtrakRtAMgasUtra zIlAMka0 TIkA. (AcArAMgasUtraM sUtrakRtAMgasUtraM ca ) 2/1/11, pR0 38 (ga) yogo nAma saMyama eva, yogo yasyAstIti sa bhavati yogavAn / - sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi, 2/1/11 pR0 54. ettha vi bhikkhU aNunnae viNIe NAmae daMte davie vosaTThakAe saMvidhuNIya virUvarUve parisahovasagge ajajhappayogasuddhAdANe, uvaTThite ThitappA saMkhAe paradattabhoI bhikkhutti vucce / sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 16 / 3 (ka) sthAnAMgasUtra, 10 / 33,3/88 (kha) zrutopadhAnakAritvaM samAdhisthAyitA vA tayeti sthAnAMgasUtra, abhayadevavRtti 120 pR0 80 (ga) zrutopadhAnakAritayA yogena vA samAdhinA sarvatrAnutsukatvalakSaNena vahatItyevaMzIlo yogvaahii| vahI, 514, pR0 343. (ka) yogo dhyAnam / - AdipurANa, 38 / 176 / (kha) zubhAzubhacintAnirodhalakSaNaparamadhyAnazabdavAcyaM yogasya samayasAra, gA0 4/276, 277 tAtparyavRti / (ga) sAmyameva paraM dhyAnam / - jJAnArNava, 22/13 AdipurANa 38 / 181 sarvArthasiddhi 6/ 12 / 632, pR0 248 tattvArtharAjavArtika 6/1/12, pR0 505 6/12/8, pR0522, tattvArthazlokavArtika 6/12 samAdhitantraTIkA, gA. 17: pravacanasAra, gA0 2 / 108 tAtparyavRtti / (ka) yogo dhyAnaM samAdhizca dhIrodhaH svAntanigrahaH / antaH saMlInatA ceti tatparyAyAH smRtA budhaiH / / - AdipurANa, 21 / 12 (kha) yogaH samAdhiH samyaka praNidhAnamityarthaH sarvArthasiddhi 6/12/632.50 248 (ga) sAmyaM svAsthyaM, samAdhizca yogazcetonirodhanam / (gha) (ka) (kha) - zuddhopayoga ityete bhavantyekArthavAcakAH / / - padmanandi paMcaviMzikA, 4/6 yogaH cittaikAgranirodhanam 1 * tattvAnuzAsana, gA0 61 tapasA yojanaM yogaH / jainalakSaNAvalI (bhA. 3), pR0 646 yujyate iti yogaH - Avazyaka cUrNi, pR0 663. / yojanaM yogaH sambandhaH iti yAvat / - tattvArtharAjavArtika, 7/13/4, pR0 540. (gha) jogo sambandho / - dazavaikAlikasUtra 8/3 para agastyasiMhakRta cUrNi (Ga) jogaM ca samaNadhammammi juMje aNalaso dhuvaM / dazavaikAlika sUtra 8 / 42 (gha) vivarIyAmiNivesaM paricattA jonhakahie taccesu / jo jujadi appANaM NiyabhAvo so have jogo / / - niyamasAra, 136.

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yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda A0 haribhadra ke anusAra 'yoga' zabda una samasta vyApAroM kA vAcaka hai, jinase AtmA kA paramAtmA se yA mukti se sambandha saMbhava hotA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki unako 'yojayati iti yogaH' arthAt jo sambandha karAne vAlA hotA hai, vaha yoga hai, yaha vyutpatti svIkArya thii| haribhadra ke yogabindu, yogadRSTisamuccaya, yogaviMzikA evaM yogazataka nAmaka yogaviSayaka granthoM meM yoga ko mokSa se yojana (saMyoga) karAne vAlA kahA gayA hai| unake mata meM yoga vahI hai jo mokSa se joDatA hai aura isaprakAra mokSa kA hetu hai| mokSa kI prApti hetu jina-jana sAdhanoM kA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai, ve saba yoga kI zreNI meM parigaNanIya hai| mokSa kA pramukha kAraNa jaina Agamokta ratnatraya kI sAdhanA hai| ratnatraya meM tIna Avazyaka bAteM samAviSTa haiM - 1. samyagdarzana (samIcIna zraddhA) 2. samyagjJAna aura 3. smykcaaritr| isa ratnatraya kI sahAyaka aneka avAntara kriyAyeM haiN| ataH ratnatraya aura unakI sahAyaka sabhI dhArmika kriyAoM kI 'yoga' saMjJA ho jAtI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki A0 haribhadra ne una sabhI dharmavyApAroM ko 'yoga' kahA hai, jo AtmA ko mokSa se jor3ate haiM arthAt mokSa kI ora le jAte haiN| mokSa kI viparIta dizA meM le jAne vAlA yA dUsare zabdoM meM karmabaMdhana se jor3ane vAlA, koI bhI vyApAra 'yoga nahIM ho sktaa| A0 zabhacandra ne 'jJAnArNava' meM mokSaprApti ke sAdhana rUpa meM dhyAna ko adhika pramakhatA pradAna karate hae 'yoga' kA dhyAna ke rUpa meM Akalana kiyA hai| unhoMne ratnatraya ko sAkSAt mokSamArga ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate hae. paramAtmasvarUpa ko prakAzita karane vAlI adhyAtma-pravRtti ko yoga batalAyA hai| isa prakAra ve A0 haribhadra dvArA pratipAdita satkarmoM kI mahattA kA to samarthana karate haiM, parantu unhoMne dhyAna ko apekSAkRta adhika mahattA pradAna kI hai| 1. (ka) mokSaNa yojanAt yogaH / - yogabindu, 33 (kha) yojanAda yogaH ityukto mokSeNa munisattamaiH / - vahI, 201. (ga) mukkheNa joyaNAo jogo / - yogavizikA, 1 (gha) mokSayojanabhAvena......1-yogadaSTisamuccaya, 11 (Da) mokkheNa joyaNAo NiddiTTho joginaahehiN| - yogazataka, 2 (ca) evaM ca tattvasaMsiddheryoga evaM nibndhnm| - yogabindu, 64 (cha) etacca yogahetutvAd yogaH ityucitaM vcH| - vahI, 206 yogabindu.3.4 (ka) samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / - tattvArthasUtra, 1/1 (kha) nANaM va daMsaNaM ceva, carittaM ca tavo tahA / esa maggotti pannatto, jiNehiM varadasihaM || - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/2 (ga) uttarAdhyayanasUtra. 28/35 mukkheNa joyaNAo jogo, savyovi dhammavAvAro / parisuddho vinneo, ThANAigao viseseNaM / / - yogaviMzikA, 1 niyamasAra, 137; tattvArtharAjavArtika, 6/12 pR0505; tattvArthabhASya, siddhasenavRtti, 6/13; mUlAcAra, vasunandi TIkA, 7/17; uttarAdhyayanasUtra bRhadRtti, 11/14 mokSaH karmakSayAdeva sa samyagjJAnajaHsmRtaH / dhyAnabIjaM mataM taddhi tsmaattddhitmaatmnH|| - jJAnArNava, 3/13 janmajvarasamudbhUtamahAmUrchArtacakSuSA / ratnatrayamayaH sAkSAnmokSamArgo na vIkSitaH / / - vahI, 28/6 (ka) bAhyAtmAnamapAsyaivAntarAtmAnaM tatastyajet / prakAzayatyayaM yogaH svarUpa parameSThinaH / / - vahI. 26/24 (kha) eSa yogaH samAsena pradIpaH paramAtmanaH / / - samAdhitantra, 17 (ga) tulanA - dhyAnenAtmani pazyanti kecidaatmaanmaatmnaa| - gItA, 13/24 * 7 // prakAra

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54 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana A0 hemacandra ne 'yogazAstra' meM mokSa ko mukhya puruSArtha mAnate hue use yoga kA kAraNa batAyA hai aura usakI prApti ke sAdhana ko 'ratnatraya' ke nAma se abhihita kiyA hai jo samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra rUpa hai aura mokSa kA pramukha sAdhana hai| ratnatraya vAstava meM svayaM AtmA hI hai, kyoMki samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra-ye AtmA ke yathArtha svarUpa hai, svAbhAvika guNa hai| isa da se AtmA kA AtmA se yoga (sambandha) hI 'yoga' hai| isIlie yaha kathana yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai ki moha kA kSaya kara yogI ko jo Atmadarzana, AtmajJAna tathA zuddhAtmasvarUpa kA anubhava hotA hai, vahI usakA samyak cAritra hai, vahI usakA samyak jJAna hai, aura vahI usakA samyak darzana hai| isa prakAra A0 hemacandra ne bhI yoga ke saMyogArthaka 'yoga' zabda ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| __ upA0 yazovijaya ne apane jJAnasAra aSTaka, dvAtriMzaddvAtriMzikA, pAtaJjalayogasUtravRtti Adi yogaparaka granthoM meM haribhadrasUri kA hI anukaraNa kiyA hai| unake mata meM bhI 'yoga' nAma kI sArthakatA usakI mokSayojakatA meM hI nihita hai| unhoMne bhI mokSa ke hetubhUta samasta AcAra-vyavahAra ko 'yoga' kI saMjJA dI uparyukta yoga-lakSaNa ko adhika vyApaka rUpa meM prayukta karate hue samiti, gupti Adi AcAroM ko bhI 'yoga' kI zreNI meM antarbhUta kiyA hai| jaina-paramparA meM jina AcAra-vyavahAroM ke pAlana para adhika jora diyA gayA hai, unameM lIna sAdhaka ke cAritrika vikAsa va saMyama kI siddhi hetu pAMca samitiyoM kA tathA azubha pravRttiyoM se nivRtti ke lie tIna guptiyoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| samiti meM zubha pravRtti pradhAna hai, gupti meM mana kI ekAgratA aura nirodha mukhya hai| isaprakAra samiti aura gupti saMyama kI vRddhi aura cetanA kI zuddhi karAne vAle vyApAra haiM aura yoga bhI AtmA ko usakI zuddha svarUpAvasthA ko prApta karAne vAlA mArga hai| ataH samiti-gupti rUpa yoga se AtmA ko siddhAvasthA prApta hotI hai| yahI nahIM, upA0 yazovijaya ne pataJjali ke yoga-lakSaNa 'yogazcittavRttinirodhaH' meM 'kliSTa' pada kA adhyAhAra karake yoga-lakSaNa kA 1. catuvarge'graNIrmokSo, yogastasya ca kAraNam / jJAna-zraddhAna-cAritrarUpaM ratnatrayaM ca saH / / - yogazAstra, 1/15 (ka) Atmaiva darzana-jJAna-cAritrANyathavA yateH / - vahI, 4/1. (kha) dasaNaNANacarittANi sevidavvANi sAhuNA NiccaM / tANi puNa jANa tiNNivi appANaM ceva Nicchayado / / - samayasAra. 1/16 (ka) mokkhapahe appANaM Thavehi taM ceva jhAhi taM ceya / tattheva viraha NiccaM mA viraharasu aNNadavyesu / / - vahI, 10/412 yojayatyAtmanAtmAnaM svayaM janmApavargayoH / - jJAnArNava, 26/81 AtmAnamAtmanA vetti mohatyAgAdya Atmani / tadeva tasya cAritraM tajjJAnaM tacca darzanam / / - yogazAstra. 4/2 AtmA''tmanyeva yacchuddhaM jaanaatyaatmaanmaatmnaa| seyaM ratnatraye jJaptirucyAcArakatA munaiH / / - jJAnasAra, 13/2 jAnAti yaH svayaM svasmina svarUparUpaM gatabhramaH / tadeva tasya vijJAnaM tavRttaM tacca darzanam / / - jJAnArNava, 18/27 (ka) mokSeNa yojanAdeva yogo patra nirucyte| - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 10/1 (kha) mokSeNa yojanAda yogaH sarve'pyAcAra iSyate / / - jJAnasAra, 27/1 (ka) yataH samitiguptINAM prapaMco yoga uttamaH / - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 18/30 (kha) samitiguptisAdhAraNaM dharmavyApAratvameva yogatvam | - pAtaJjalayogasUtra 1/2 para yazovijayavRtti 7. inakA vistRta varNana 'yoga aura AcAra' nAmaka adhyAya meM dekheN| 8. sarvazabdAgrahaNe'pyattillAbhAdavyAptiH saMprajJAta iti kliSTacittavRttinirodhaH yogaH" iti lakSaNaM smyg......| -pAtaJjalayogasUtra 1/2 para yazovijayavRtti

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yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda 55 pariSkAra bhI kiyA hai| unakA yaha yoga-lakSaNa ativyApti aura avyApti donoM doSoM se rahita hai aura vAcaspati mizra ke yoga-lakSaNa' se sAmya rakhatA hai| isaprakAra spaSTa hai ki A0 haribhadrAdi jainAcAryoM tathA yogasUtrakAra pataJjali donoM ko 'yoga' adhyAtma artha meM abhISTa hai| maharSi pataJjali ne kahIM bhI spaSTaH na to saMyogArthaka yoga kA niSedha kiyA hai aura na hI samAdhyarthaka yoga ko grahaNa kiyA hai| parantu unake yogalakSaNa 'yogazcittavRttinirodhaH' se vyAsa Adi sabhI vyAkhyAkAroM ne samAdhyarthaka yoga ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| jainAcAryoM ne 'yujir yoge' se yoga kI vyutpatti mAnakara saMyogArthaka yoga zabda ko svIkAra kiyA hai, jabaki pAtaJjalayogasUtrakAra evaM usake vyAkhyAkAroM ne 'yUjira yoge' kI apekSA 'yuja samAdhau' se yoga kI niSpannatA mAnI hai| ataH sAmAnyataH AlocakoM kI dRSTi meM jainAcAryoM aura pAtaJjalayogasUtra ke vyAkhyAtAoM kI dRSTi meM antara spaSTa ho jAtA hai| yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki 'samAdhyarthaka yoga' sAdhya kA aura 'saMyogArthaka yoga' sAdhana kA dyotaka hai| jabaki yogasUtra kA samagrataH anuzIlana karane para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki maharSi pataJjali ko 'yoga' zabda se sAdhana evaM sAdhya donoM grAhya the| yama, niyama Adi ATha yogAMgoM meM samAdhi (carama avasthA) jahA~ sAdhya hai, vahA~ samAdhi ke pUrvavartI yama, niyama Adi tathA tapa, svAdhyAya va IzvarapraNidhAna rUpa kriyAyoga sAdhana haiN| isa vivecana ke dvArA pataJjali yaha saMketita karanA cAhate haiM ki aSTAMgayoga evaM kriyAyoga yoga (sAdhya) bhI haiM aura yoga ke sAdhana bhii| isa prakAra yogasUtrakAra 'yoga' zabda ko sAdhana evaM sAdhya donoM rUpoM meM svIkAra karate haiN| jainAcAryoM kI vyApaka/samanvitadRSTi ___ A0 haribhadra Adi jainAcAryoM ne saMyogArthaka yuj dhAtu se niSpanna 'yoga' zabda ko hI prayukta kiyA hai aura paramAtmatattva kI prApti meM jo bhI sAdhana haiM, una sabakA grahaNa unheM 'yoga' zabda se abhipreta hai| ataH unake dvArA vyavahata 'yoga' zabda meM samAdhi artha bhI svataH hI samAhita ho jAtA hai| Ao haribhadra dvArA varNita ukta 'yoga-lakSaNa' hI anya paravartI jainAcAryoM ke lie svIkArya hai| yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki A0 haribhadra ke samaya meM yoga kI kaI sAdhana praNAliyA~ pracalita thIM, isalie A0 haribhadra ko yoga ke sAdhana pakSa para adhika jora denA abhISTa thaa| isake atirikta yoga-yAjJavalkya,2 yogazikhopaniSad tathA haThayoga ke pratipAdaka anya granthoM meM bhI yoga ke saMyoga ko svIkAra karake usake sAdhana pakSa ko sacita kiyA gayA hai| ataH yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki haribhadrasari para unakA bhI prabhAva paDA ho aura unhoMne 'haThayoga' ke saMyoga artha (sAdhana-pakSa) tathA pataJjali ke samAdhi artha (sAdhya-pakSa) donoM ko apane 'mokSa-prApaka-dharmavyApAra' meM samanvita karane kI dRSTi se yoga kA vyApaka lakSaNa prastuta kiyA ho| __A0 zubhacandra evaM hemacandra haThayoga evaM tantrayoga se vizeSa rUpa se prabhAvita the| unhoMne bhI sAdhana-pakSa para jora dekara yoga ke saMyoga-artha ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| parantu jainAcArya hone ke kAraNa unhoMne jainadharma meM pratipAdita ratnatraya evaM dhyAna-sAdhanA para adhika bala diyA hai| 1. klezakarmavipAkAzayaparipanthA cittavRttinirodhaH / -tattvavaizAradI pR0 10 saMyogo yoga ityukto jiivaatm-prmaatmnoH| - yogayAjJavalkaya, 2/44 yo'pAnaprANayoraikyaM svarajo retasostathA / sUryAcandrasamoryogo jIvAtma-paramAtmanoH / / evantu dvandvajAlasya saMyogo yoga uccate / / - yogazikhopaniSada (upaniSatsaMgraha). 1/68

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56 yoga ke vyApaka lakSaNa ko prastuta karane meM A0 haribhadra kI samanvaya va udAra dRSTi kI pramukha bhUmikA rahI hai, isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai|' upA0 yazovijaya ne bhI A0 haribhadra kA anusaraNa karate hue apanI mAdhyasthya vRtti kA paricaya diyA hai| jainadharma nivRtti pradhAna hai, isalie jainAgamoM meM AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke sandarbha meM 'yoga' kI apekSA 'saMvara' zabda prayukta hai| jaina paribhASAnusAra mana, vacana kAya kI pravRtti rUpa 'yoga' jise Asrava kahA jAtA hai, 3 kA nirodha 'saMvara' hai| yaha 'saMvara' pataJjali ke 'cittavRttinirodha' rUpa yoga ke samakakSa / A0 haribhadra ne jainAgamoM kI nivRttimArgI paramparA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue mana, vacana, kAya kI pravRtti rUpa yoga ke abhAva arthAt 'ayoga' ko saba yogoM meM zreSTha tathA mokSa-yojaka batAyA hai| unake anusAra sarvasaMnyAsa ( mana, vacana, kAya kI samasta vRttiyoM kA tyAga ) isakA lakSaNa hai| A0 haribhadra ne pAtaJjalayoga meM pratipAdita cittavRttinirodha tathA jaina- paramparA dvArA samarthita 'ayoga' va 'sarvasaMnyAsa' rUpa yoga donoM kA samanvita rUpa prastuta kiyA / cittavRttinirodha rUpa yoga meM 'samprajJAtayoga' aura 'asamprajJAtayoga' donoM samAhita haiN| asamprajJAtayoga meM sarvavRttinirodha ho jAtA hai| haribhadra ke 'sarvasaMnyAsayoga' se bhI yahI artha abhipreta hai| 'yoga', zreya kI siddhi kA dIrghatama dharmavyApAra hai| isake do aMza haiM - niSedhAtmaka aura vidheyAtmaka / klezoM kA nivAraNa, niSedhAtmaka aMza ko sUcita karatA hai aura isase prakaTa hone vAlI zuddhi ke kAraNa citta kA kuzala mArga meM hI pravRtti karanA vidheyAtmaka aMza ko dyotita karatA hai / pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM cittavRttiyoM ke nirodha' ko yoga kahakara niSedhAtmaka aMza kI ora nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| jabaki bauddhaparamparA meM 'kuzalacitta kI ekAgratA yA upasaMpadA" jaise zabdoM ke dvArA kuzalapravRtti ko yoga mAnakara vidheyAtmaka aMza para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| vastutaH donoM pahalU eka hI sAdhya kI siddhi ke upAya haiN| sambhavataH yahI bhAva sUcita karane ke lie haribhadra ne pAtaJjala aura bauddha paramparA dvArA mAnya donoM lakSaNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, aura anta meM donoM pahaluoM ko apane meM sameTane kI dRSTi se sabhI dharma-vyApAroM ko yoga kahakara janasammata lakSaNa meM uparokta donoM lakSaNoM ko samAviSTa kiyA hai| A0 zubhacandra evaM hemacandra ne bhI A0 haribhadra ke samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa ko svIkAra karate hue jaina - paramparA sammata ratnatraya ko dharma-vyApAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| ratnatraya meM sabhI dhArmika vyApAra samAviSTa hote haiM / 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. .. 6. pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (ka) Agamena ca yuktyA ca yo'rthaH samabhigamyate / parIkSya hemavad grAhyaH pakSapAtAgraheNa kim / / - lokatattvanirNaya, 18 (kha) pakSapAto na me vIro na dveSaH kapilAdiSu / yuktimad vacanaM yasya tasya kAryaH parigrahaH / / - vahI, 38 svAgamaM rAgamAtreNa, dveSamAtrAt parAgamam / na zreyAmastyajAmo vA kintu mAdhyasthayAdRzA / / - jJAnasAra, 16 / 7 tattvArthasUtra, 6/ 1.2 vahI, 6/1 atastvayogo yogAnAM yogaH para udAhRtaH / mokSayojanabhAvena sarvasaMnyAsalakSaNaH pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/2 -11 yogadRSTisamuccaya, 11 sabbapApassa akaraNaM kusalassa upasaMpadA / sacittapariyodapanaM etaM buddhAna sAsanaM / / - dhammapada, 14/5 yogaviMzikA, 1 yogadRSTisamuccaya, 11; yogabindu, 31; yogazataka, 2, 4 tallakSaNajogAo cittavittInirohao ceva / taha kusalapavittIe mokkhammi ya joaNAo ti / / - yogazataka, 22.

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yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda upA0 yazovijaya eka mahAn tArkika vidvAn the| ataH unhoMne svasiddhAnta-sammata yoga-lakSaNa kA to samarthana kiyA hI, sAtha hI pAtaJjalayogasatra ke yoga-lakSaNa para bhI apanI tArkika daSTi DAlI tathA usa para samucita uhApoha kiyaa| apane 'dvAtriMzivAtriMzikA' nAmaka grantha meM unhoMne pataJjali ke yoga-lakSaNa para vicAra karate hae usameM kaI doSa dikhalAye haiN| yogadarzana sAMkhyamatAnurUpa puruSa ko kaTastha nitya mAnatA hai, kUTastha nitya puruSa meM nirodha rUpa pariNamana kaise sambhava ho sakatA hai ? upA0 yazovijaya ne isa para dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai| ___ saMkSepa meM jainAcAryoM dvArA mAnya yoga-lakSaNa jainetara paramparAoM ke yoga-lakSaNoM se bhinna pratIta hote hue bhI sakSmadRSTi se aikya ke parilakSaka haiN| haribhadrasari ne to apane sabhI granthoM meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha nirdeza kiyA haiM ki sabhI zAstroM meM bhinna arthoM meM grathita lakSaNa tattvataH eka hI lakSya kA pratipAdana karate haiN| 3. yoga ke bheda a. pAtaJjalayoga-mata ___ yoga, samAdhi kA paryAyavAcI zabda hai| yoga (samAdhi) samprajJAta aura asamprajJAta bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai| samprajJAtasamAdhi meM samasta cittavRttiyoM kA nirodha nahIM hotA jabaki asamprajJAtasamAdhi meM samasta cittavRttiyA~ niruddha ho jAtI haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa yogI ko Atma-sAkSAtkAra ho jAtA hai| dhyAtavya hai ki Atma-sAkSAtkAra kA mahatvapUrNa kArya samprajJAtasamAdhi meM hI prArambha ho jAtA hai aura isa samAdhi kA kArya niSpanna hone ke pazcAta, usameM bhI vairAgya hone se sAdhaka asaMprajJAtasamAdhi ko prApta kara lete haiN| saMprajJAta ko sabIjasamAdhi aura asaMprajJAta ko nirbIjasamAdhi bhI kahate haiN| isaprakAra pataJjali ke mata meM donoM prakAra kI samAdhi 'yoga' haiN| (ka) samprajJAtayoga ___ samprajJAtayoga (samAdhi) citta kI vaha avasthA hai jisameM rAjasika evaM tAmasika vRttiyoM ke niruddha ho jAne se sAttvika vRtti kA prAdhAnya rahatA hai| sattvaguNapradhAna citta kisI viSaya vizeSa ke sAtha ekAkAra vRtti dhAraNa kara letA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa citta svaccha evam nirmala ho jAtA hai| nirmala evaM svaccha citta se sAdhaka ko dhyeya viSaya kA saMzaya evaM viparyaya se rahita yathArtha jJAna prApta hotA hai| jisa bhAvanA vizeSa se isa yathArtha jJAna kI prApti hotI hai use hI samprajJAtasamAdhi (yoga) kahate haiN| yahA~ samprajJAta zabda hI yaha saMketa karatA hai ki isameM dhyeya padArtha kA sAkSAtkAra samyakarUpa se hotA hai| isa avasthA meM 1. draSTavya : dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 11vAM adhyayana 2. (ka) anekayogazAstrebhyaH saMkSepaNa samudadhRtaH / dRSTibhedena yogo'yamAtmAnusmRtaye paraH / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 207. (kha) sarveSAM yogazAstrANAmavirodhena tattvataH / / sannItyA sthApakaM caiva madhyasthAMstadvidaH prati / / - yogabindu. 2 bhAvAgaNezavRtti, pR0 4: maNiprabhAvRtti, pR02: nAgezabhaTTavRtti pR04; yogasudhAkara, pR03 4. ekAgre tu satvapradhAne ekaviSayasthite citte rajastamovRttinirodhaH sAtvikavRttivizeSasamprajJAtayogo bhvti| - maNiprabhAvRtti, pR02 samyaka saMzayaviparyayarahitatvena prajJAyate prakarSeNa jJAyate bhAvyasya rUpaM saH saMprajJAtaH samAdhibhAvanA vishessH|-bhojvRtti, pR0 10 (ka) samyakaprajJAyattvena yogaH samprajJAtanAmA bhavati / - yogavArtika. pR055 (kha) samyakasaMzayaviparyayarAhityena prajJAte prakarSeNa jJAyate bhAvyasvarUpaM yena sa samprajJAtasamAdhiH bhAvanAvizeSaH / - nAgezabhavRtti, pR0 21 (ga) sabhyaprajJAyate yena bhAvyaM vastu sa samprajJAtaH samAdhi - bhAvanAvizeSaH / - yogasudhAkara, pR0 23

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58 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana isa avasthA meM hone vAle jJAna ko RtaMbharAprajJA bhI kahate haiM kyoMki isa avasthA meM sAdhaka ko satya kA jJAna hotA hai| isameM viSaya ke sAkSAtkAra kA krama sthUla se sUkSma kI ora hotA hai| sthUlAdi tattvoM ke sAkSAtkAra kA krama nizcita hone se saMprajJAtayoga kaI avasthAoM meM vibhakta ho jAtA hai| samprajJAtayoga ke bheda samprajJAtayoga kI cAra avasthAe~ haiM - vitarka, vicAra, Ananda tathA asmitA / tadanusAra samprajJAtayoga (samAdhi) ke cAra bheda svIkAra kiye gaye haiM - vitarkAnugatasamprajJAtayoga (samAdhi). vicArAnugatasamprajJAtayoga (samAdhi), AnandAnugatasamprajJAtayoga (samAdhi) tathA asmitAnugatasamprajJAtayoga (smaadhi)|' 1. vitarkAnugatasamprajJAtayoga __ sthUla Alambana meM citta ko kendrita karanA vitarkAnugatayoga hai| vitakArnugatayoga meM sthUla padArtha viSayaka prajJA (samApatti) utpanna hotI hai, jo vikalpa se anuviddha evaM ananuviddha hone ke kAraNa do prakAra kI hotI hai - savitarka evaM nirvitrk| (ka) savitarkasamprajJAtayoga samprajJAtayoga kI savitarka avasthA kA prArambha zabdamaya cintana se hotA hai| isameM zabda, artha aura jJAna rUpa bhinna-bhinna padArthoM kI anuviddha saMkIrNa arthAt abheda rUpa se pratIti hotI hai| samAdhi ke viSayabhUta grAhya sthUla padArthoM meM zabda, artha aura jJAna ke vikalpoM se anuviddha (saMyukta) samApatti ko savitarkasamprajJAtayoga kahate haiN| (kha) nirvitarkasamprajJAtayoga savitarkasamprajJAtayoga kA nirantara abhyAsa karane se nirvitarkasamprajJAtayoga siddha hotA hai| jaba zabda, artha aura jJAna ke vikalpoM kA abhAva ho jAtA hai, taba usa avasthA ko nirvitarkasamprajJAtayoga kahate haiN| maharSi pataJjali ke zabdoM meM, 'smRti ke parizuddha ho jAne para jaba sAdhaka ko apane svarUpa ke jJAna kA abhAda sA hokara kevala artha mAtra kI hI pratIta hotI hai, taba use nirvitarkasamprajJAtayoga kahA jAtA hai|'6 2. vicArAnugatasamprajJAtayoga (samAdhi) vicAra kA artha hai -'suukssm'| ataH vicArAnugatasamprajJAtayoga sUkSmapadArtha viSayaka hotA hai| arthAt isa yoga meM sUkSma padArthoM kA aparokSa rUpa meM jJAna hotA hai| jisaprakAra sthUla dhyeya viSayaka yoga ke do bheda haiM, usIprakAra sUkSma dhyeya viSayaka (vicArAnugatasamprajJAta) yoga bhI dezakAla tathA nimitta se avacchinna aura anavacchinna jJAna hone ke kAraNa savicAra aura nirvicAra bheda se do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| sUkSma padArthoM 1. pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/48 vyAsabhASya, pR0 150 vitarkavicArAnandAsmitArUpAnugamAt sNprjnyaatH| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/17 tatra zabdArthajJAnavikalpaiH saMkIrNA savitarkA smaapttiH| - vahI, 1/42 tatra zabdajJAnAbhyAsabhedena vikalpite sthUle gavAdyarthe samAhitacittasya yoginaH samAdhijanyasAkSAtkAro yathA kalpitArthameva gRhNAti tathA sA samAdhiprajJA zabdArthajJAnAnAM vikalpaiH saMkIrNAH ...... savitarkA samApattiH / - maNiprabhAvRtti, pR0 46 smRtiparizuddhau svarUpazUnyamevArthamAtranirbhAsA nirvitrkaa| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/43. sUkSmo vicaarH| - vyAsabhASya, pR0 56. 8. etayaiva savicArA nirvicArA ca sUkSmaviSayA vyAkhyAtA / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/44

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yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda kI maryAdA sUkSma prakRti paryanta batAI gaI hai| ataH prakRti paryanta kisI bhI sUkSma dhyeya viSayaka yoga (samAdhi) ko savicAra aura nirvicAra ke antargata samajhanA cAhiye / (ka) savicArasamprajJAtayoga savicArasamprajJAtayoga meM sUkSmabhUta pArthivAdi paramANuoM kA tathA zabdAdi tanmAtrAoM kA saMkIrNa rUpa se sAkSAtkAra hotA hai|' ukta yoga kAryakAraNabhAva ke vicAra se yukta hotA hai| bhojadeva ke anusAra deza, kAla evaM nimitta ke jJAna se yukta sUkSma padArthaviSayaka uparyukta sAkSAtkAra savikalpasamAdhi (savitarka) ke samAna hI zabda, artha evaM jJAna ke vikalpa se yukta hotA hai| ' (kha) nirvicArasamprajJAtayoga nirvicArasamprajJAtayoga meM sUkSma padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra asaMkIrNa rUpa se hotA hai| arthAt zabda, artha aura jJAna ke vikalpoM se zUnya ho jAne para jaba sAdhaka ko sUkSma padArthoM kA deza, kAla, aura nimitta (kAryakAraNabhAva) ke vicAra se rahita aparokSa jJAna hotA hai, use nirvicArasamprajJAtayoga kahate haiN| saMkSepa meM isa yoga meM sUkSma padArtha kA sArvakAlika, sArvadezika tathA sarvadharmayukta jJAna hotA hai| 3. AnandAnugatasamprajJAtayoga vicArAnugatasamprajJAtayoga kA nirantara abhyAsa karate rahane se sAdhaka kI ekAgratA itanI bar3ha jAtI hai ki vaha samasta viSayoM sahita ahaMkAra kA saMzaya, viparyayarahita jJAna prApta kara letA hai| sAdhaka kI yaha avasthA vizeSa AnandAnugatasamprajJAtayoga kahalAtI hai| ahaMkAra ekAdaza indriyoM tathA tanmAtrAoM taka samasta sUkSma viSayoM kA upAdAna kAraNa hai| isameM sattvaguNa kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| sattvaguNa sukha rUpa hone ke kAraNa, isa ahaMkAra ko sAkSAtkAra karAne vAlI avasthA hai| vijJAnabhikSu ke anusAra, vicArAnugata dhyAnabhUmi taka ke samasta viSayoM kA sAkSAtkAra kara lene ke uparAnta, rAjasa evaM tAmasa vRttiyoM kA nirodha ho jAne ke kAraNa sattvaguNa kA udreka hone se jo sukha vizeSa utpanna hotA hai, vahI isa samAdhi kA Alambana athavA viSaya hai| isa avasthA meM sAdhaka ko aisA apUrva AnandaM prApta hotA hai| ki use anya kisI vastu kI abhilASA nahIM rhtii| 59 4. asmitAnugatasamprajJAtayoga samprajJAtayoga kI antima avasthA hai- asmitA asmitA ahaMkAra kA kAraNa hai aura usakI apekSA adhika sUkSma bhI hai| isalie yaha triguNAtmaka mUla prakRti kA puruSa ke prakAza se prakAzita hone vAla prathama viSayapariNAma hai| isa avasthA taka sAdhaka kA asmitA meM AtmAdhyAsa banA rahatA hai aura isameM ahaMkAra rahita kevala 'asmi' vRtti rahatI hai / sUtrakAra ne draSTA evaM dRzya tAdAtmya ko asmitA kahA hai|7 1. ra 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. sUkSmaviSayatvaM cA''liMgaparyavasAnam / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/45 tatra bhUtasUkSmeSvabhivyaktadharmakeSu dezakAlanimittAnubhavAvacchinneSu yA samApattiH savicAretyucyate / - vyAsabhASya, pR0 141 zabdArthavikalpasahitatvena dezakAladharmAdyavacchinnaH sUkSmo'rthaH pratibhAti yasyAM sA savicArA / - bhojavRtti, pR0 51 yA punaH sarvathA - sarvataH zAntoditAvyapadezyadharmAnavacchinneSu sarvadharmAnupAtiSu sarvadharmAtmakeSu samApatiH sA nirvicAretyucyate / - vyAsabhASya, pR0 141 yogamanovijJAna, pR0 247-248 atraivAlambane yazcittasya vicArAnugatabhUmyArohAtsattvaprakarSeNa jAyamAne AhlAdAkhyasukhavizeSa AbhogaH sAkSAtkAro bhavati sa AnandaviSayakatvAdAnanda ityarthaH / tenAnugato yukto nirodha AnandAnugatanAmAyoga iti bhAvaH / - yogavArtika, pR0 56 dRgdarzanazaktyorekAtmatevAsmitA / pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/6

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60 bhASyakAra vyAsa ne asmitA kA artha spaSTa karate hue asmitA ko ekAtmikA saMvid' kahA hai| vijJAnabhikSu ke anusAra, vyAsabhASya meM ullikhita 'eka' zabda 'kevala' artha kA vAcaka hai| isaprakAra asmitA athavA ekAtmikA kA artha hogA, vaha saMvit jisameM eka AtmA hI viSaya ke rUpa meM vidyamAna ho / citta kI vaha avasthA jisameM citta kI ekAgratA itanI bar3ha jAye ki asmitA meM dhAraNa karane se usakA yathArtha rUpa sAkSAt hone lage, use 'asmitAnugatasamprajJAtasamAdhi' kahate haiN| isa avasthA meM citta meM AtmA viSayaka 'maiM hU~' (asmi) isase bhinna koI anya jJAna nahIM raha jAtA hai| arthAt 'asmitAnugatasamprajJAtayoga' meM bhI citta samasta sthUla sUkSma viSayoM se niruddha hokara kevala Atma mAtra kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai / 'asmi' vRtti kI sUkSmatA meM puruSa aura citta meM bhinnatA utpanna karane vAlI vivekakhyAti rUpI vRtti kA udaya hotA hai / jisa vyakti meM vivekakhyAti rUpa vRtti kA udaya hotA hai, vaha sarva padArthoM kA adhiSThAtA tathA sarva padArthoM kA pratyakSa jJAtA ho jAtA hai / 4 ukta cAroM prakAra ke samprajJAtayoga meM eka kramika tAratamya hai, arthAt inakA kramazaH abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai / pUrva-pUrva avasthA meM uttarottara avasthA ke viSaya kA spaSTa cintana rahatA hai, jabaki uttaravartI avasthA meM pUrva- pUrva avasthA ke viSaya kA cintana chUTatA jAtA hai|' yathA prathama vitarkAnugatayoga vitarka, vicAra, Ananda aura asmitA ina cAroM AlambanoM se yukta hotA hai| dvitIya vicArAnugatasamprajJAtayoga meM vitarka kA Alambana chUTa jAtA hai aura vicAra, Ananda va asmitA ye tIna Alambana zeSa raha jAte haiN| isI prakAra tRtIya AnandAnugatasamprajJAtayoga meM vitarka aura vicAra donoM Alambana samApta ho jAne se Ananda aura asmitA hI zeSa raha jAte haiN| caturtha evaM antima asmitAnugatasamprajJAtayoga meM Ananda kA bhI tyAga kara diyA jAtA hai| kevala asmitA kA hI Alambana zeSa rahatA hai| ye cAroM prakAra ke samprajJAtayoga sAlambana tathA sabIja' haiM kyoMki ina cAroM meM kisI na kisI dhyeya rUpa bIja kA Alambana vidyamAna rahatA hai| 1. 2. 3. 4. samprajJAtayoga kI pratyeka avasthA meM abhyAsa kI vRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha jaise-jaise yogI kaivalya-mArga para bar3hatA jAtA vaise-vaise usa viziSTayoga meM bhI uttarottara prakAzavRddhi yukta prajJAe~ utpanna hotI calI jAtI haiM, jinake prakAza meM yogI yoga kI nimnatara avasthA se uccatara avasthA kI ora nirantara agrasara rahatA hai / samprajJAtayoga kI uccatama avasthA meM citta se pratibimbita puruSa kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai, aura aikAntika satya svarUpa RtambharAprajJA kA bodha hotA hai| isake dvArA padArtha ke vizeSa svarUpa kA jJAna prApta hotA hai isalie ise Agama evaM anumAna pramANa se zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| " 5. 6. pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 19. ekAtmikA saMvidAsmitA / eka zabdo'tra kevlvaacii| yogavArtika, 56 sA cAtmanA grahItrA saha buddhirekAtmikA sNvit| - tattvavaizAradI, pR0 55 vyAsabhASya, pR0 56 sattvapuruSAnyatAkhyAtimAtrasya sarvabhAvAdhiSThAtRtvaM sarvajJAtRtvaM ca / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 3 / 46 uccArohe kramikasopAnaparamparAvat / - nAgezabhaTTavRtti, pR0 21 (ka) tatraikaikasyAstyAga uttarottarA iti caturavastho'yaM samprajJAtaH samAdhiH / - bhojavRtti, pR0 21 (kha) pUrvapUrvabhUmikAsUttarottarabhUmiviSayasya. parityAgaM vidadhAti / - yogavArtika, pR0 57 tatra prathamazcatuSTyAnugataH samAdhiH savitarkaH / dvitIyo vitarkavikalaH savicAraH / tRtIyo vicAravikalaH sAnandaH / caturthastadvikalo'smitAmAtraH iti / vyAsabhASya, pR0 56-60 sarva ete sAlambanAH samAdhayaH / - vahI, pR0 60 8. 6. tA eva sabIjaH samAdhiH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1 / 46 10. pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1 / 48 11. zrutAnumAnaprajJAbhyAmanyaviSayA vizeSArthatvAt / - vahI 1/46 -

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yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda RtambharAprajJA janya saMskAroM se anya sabhI prakAra ke asamAdhikAlika arthAt laukika dazA vAle vyutthAna saMskAra niruddha ho jAte haiN|' pariNAmasvarUpa ukta prajJA ke nirmala prakAza meM vivekakhyAti kA udaya hotA hai| vivekakhyAti citta kI vaha sAttvika vRtti hai, jisameM sAdhaka ko prakRti aura puruSa ke bheda-jJAna kA sAkSAtkAra hone lagatA hai / vyAsabhASya ke anusAra 'sattvapuruSAnyatAkhyAti 'ke sAtha hI sAdhaka ko sarvabhAvAdhiSThAtRtva aura sarvajJAtRtva prApta ho jAtA hai, jo RtambharAprajJA se abhinna hai / vivekakhyAti kA hI utkRSTatama rUpa 'dharmameghasamAdhi' hai| vivekakhyAti meM bhI, vivekakhyAti se prApta sarvajJatva evaM sarvabhAvAdhiSThAtRtvAdi siddhiyoM ke prati virakta yogI ko nirantara vivekakhyAti kA udaya hone se 'dharmameghasamAdhi' hotI hai| 'dharmameghasamAdhi' dvArA samasta klezoM tathA karmoM se chuTakArA prApta ho jAtA hai / " malAvaraNa ke haTa jAneM se prApta asImita jJAna ke prakAza meM kucha bhI ajJAta nahIM raha jaataa| 'dharmameghasamAdhi' ke udita hone para kRtArtha hue (citta rUpa se avasthita ) sattvAdi guNoM ke pariNAma kA krama samApta ho jAtA hai| yaha 'dharmameghasamAdhi' samprajJAtayoga kI caramAvasthA hai / (kha) asamprajJAtayoga uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki samprajJAtayoga meM citta kI ekAgrAvasthA meM sAttvika akliSTAtmaka dhyeyAkAra vRtti avaziSTa rahatI hai| citta kI niruddhAvasthA meM usakA bhI nirodha ho jAtA hai| isa avasthA meM kisI bhI vastu kA Alambana nahIM rahatA / ataH ise nirbIja yA asamprajJAtasamAdhi kahate haiM / samprajJAtasamAdhi meM citta ko bhramita karane vAlI asaMkhya vRttiyA~ niruddha ho jAtI hai, phira bhI vivekakhyAti rUpa jJAnavRtti banI rahatI hai| vivekakhyAti se bhI vairAgya ho jAne para isa jJAna svarUpA vRtti kA bhI nirodha ho jAtA hai|" pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM ise hI nirbIjasamAdhi kahA gayA hai| " asamprajJAtayoga ke bheda yogasUtra meM asamprajJAtayoga ke bhI do bheda svIkAra kie gae haiN| 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. bhavapratyaya isa avasthA meM yogiyoM kA citta pUrvajanma kI yogasiddhi ke prabhAva se janma se hI yoga meM pravRtta hotA hai isalie ise 'bhavapratyaya' nAma diyA gayA hai / bhava kA artha hai janma, saMsAra aura pratyaya kA artha hai - kAraNa / vyAkhyAkAroM dvArA 'bhava' zabda ke bhinna-bhinna artha grahaNa kie gaye haiM / vAcaspati mizra ne 'bhava' zabda kA artha avidyA kiyA hai| unake anusAra avidyAmUlaka hone se jisa sarvavRttinirodha rUpa yoga kA kAraNa janma ho, vaha 'bhavapratyaya asamprajJAtayoga' hai|" vijJAnabhikSu ne 'bhava' zabda kA artha janma karate hue 5. 6. 7. 8. 6. 10. - 61 -- samAdhiprajJAprabhavaH saMskAro vyutthAnasaMskArAzayam bAdhate / - vyAsabhASya, pR0 155 vahI, pR0 155 prasaMkhyAne'pyakusIdasya sarvathA vivekakhyAterdharmameghaH samAdhiH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 4 / 26 tataH klezakarmanivRttiH / - vahI, 4 / 30 tadA. sarvAvaraNamalApetasya jJAnasyAnantyAjjJeyamalpam / - vahI, 4 / 31. tataH kRtArthAnAM pariNAmakramasamAptirguNAnAm / - vahI, 4 / 32 sarvavRttinirodhetvasamprajJAtaH samAdhiH / - vyAsabhASya, pR0 3 tasyApi nirodhe sarvanirodhAnnirbIjaH samAdhiH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1 / 51 sa khalvayaM dvividhaH upAyapratyayo bhavapratyazca / - vyAsabhASya, pR0 65 bhavanti jAyante'syAM jantavo iti bhavo'vidyA - tattvavaizAradI, pR0 56 1. bhavapratyaya aura 2 upAyapratyaya / sa khalvayaM bhavaH pratyayaH kAraNaM yasya nirodhasamAdheH sa bhavapratyayaH /

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jisa cittavRttinirodha rUpa yoga kA kAraNa janma ho, use bhavapratyaya kahA hai| bhojadeva ne 'bhava' pada kA saMsAra artha karate hue bhava arthAt saMsAra hai kAraNa jisakA use 'bhavapratyaya' kahA hai| bhavapratyaya asamprajJAtayoga kI prApti videha aura prakRtilaya-bhUmi ko prApta siddha yogiyoM ko hotI hai| sAdhaka Atma-svarUpa ke yathArtha jJAna kA abhAva hone se kevala bhUta yA indriyoM meM se kisI eka ko AtmA samajhakara usI kI upAsanA karate haiM aura maraNoparAnta apane-apane upAsya meM hI lIna ho jAte haiM, aise sAdhaka videha arthAt sthUla deha se rahita hone ke kAraNa saMskAramAtra-zeSa citta ke dvArA hI kaivalya pada kA anubhava karate haiM isalie unheM videha kahA jAtA hai| aura jo prakRti, mahattatva, ahaMkAra tathA paJcatanmAtrA rUpa anAtma padArthoM meM se kisI eka ko AtmA mAnakara usI kA cintana karate rahate haiM, aise prakRtilIna sAdhaka apane saMskAra-zeSa tathA sAdhikAra citta ke sAtha zarIrapAta ke anantara avyaktAdi meM se apane-apane upAsya meM lIna rahate haiN| isalie unheM prakRtilaya kahA jAtA hai| videha evaM prakRtilaya bhUmikA meM avasthita, ina donoM prakAra ke bhavapratyayasAdhaka yoga kA abhyAsa pUrva janma meM kara cuke hote haiM, unheM vartamAnajanma meM punaH abhyAsa karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| pUrva janma ke abhyAsa ke saMskAra-bala se unameM paravairAgya kA udaya hokara, 'virAmapratyaya' arthAt cittavRttiyoM ke abhAva ke abhyAsa se 'asamprajJAtayoga' siddha ho jAtA hai| 2. upAyapratyaya videha aura prakRtilaya bhUmikA meM sthita yogiyoM se bhinna sAdhakoM ko janmamAtra se yoga meM ruci nahIM hotii| aise sAdhakoM ko zraddhA, vIrya, smRti, samAdhi aura prajJA Adi upAyoM kA abhyAsa karane se samprajJAtayoga (samAdhi) kI prApti hotI hai| yoga kI prApti ke lie usameM abhiruci ko utpanna karane vAle vizvAsa kA nAma 'zraddhA' hai| yoga-sAdhanA meM tatparatA utpanna karane vAle utsAha kA nAma 'vIrya' hai| anubhUta viSaya ko na bhUlanA 'smRti' hai| citta kI ekAgratA "samAdhi' hai| jJeya vastu ke jJAna kA nAma 'prajJA' hai| ina zraddhAdi upAyoM kA kramazaH abhyAsa karate rahane se dRzya kA atyantAbhAva hokara, tadhetukabuddhivRtti kA bhI svayameva abhAva ho jAtA hai| taduparAnta nirbIjasamAdhi siddha ho jAtI hai| yadyapi donoM prakAra ke asamprajJAtayoga se sarvavRttinirodha ho jAtA hai, tathApi vyAkhyAkAroM ne mumukSu ke lie 'bhavapratyaya asamprajJAtayoga' ko anapAdeya (heya) tathA 'upAyapratyaya asamprajJAtayoga' ko grAhya (upAdeya) kahA hai| kyoMki bhavapratyaya meM ci cha samaya taka niruddha to rahatA hai, kAlAntara meM usakA OM 1. (ka) bhavo janma tadeva pratyayaH kAraNaM yasyeti vigrahaH.....! - yogavArtika, pR061 (kha) bhavo janmaiva pratyayaH kAraNaM yasyeti vyutptterityrthH| - bhAvAgaNezavRtti, pR0 25 (ka) bhavaH saMsAraH sa eva pratyayaH kAraNaM yasya saH bhvprtyyH| - bhojavRtti, pR0 24 (kha) bhavapratyayaH saMsAraH eva kAraNaM ysy| -candrikA TIkA, pR026 bhavapratyayo videhaprakRtilayAnAm / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra. 1/16 bhUtendriyANAmanyatamamAtmatvena pratipannAstadupAsanayA tadvAsanAvAsitAntaHkaraNAH piNDapAtAnantaramindriyeSu bhUteSu yA lInAH saMskAramAtrAvazeSamanasaH SATkauzikazarIrarahitA videhAH / te hi svasaMskAramAtropayogena cittena kaivalyapadamivAnubhavantaH prApnuvanto videhaaH| - tattvavaizAradI, pR056-60 tathA prakRtilayAzcAvyaktamahadahaMkAra paJcatanmAtreSvanyatamamAtmatvena pratipannAstadupAsanayA tadvAsanAvAsitAntaHkaraNAH piNDapAtAnantaramavyaktAdInAmanyatame liinaaH| - tattvavaizAradI, pR060 (ka) virAmapratyayAbhyAsapUrvaH saMskArazeSo'nyaH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/18 .(kha) tulanA : gItA 6/43-44 zraddhAvIryasmRtisamAdhiprajJApUrvaka itareSAm / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/20 8. (ka) upAyapratyayo yoginAM bhavati / - vyAsabhASya pR066 (kha) tatra tayormadhye, upAyapratyayo yoginAM mokSamANAnAM bhvti| ..... mumukSusambandhaM nissedhti| - tattvavaizAradI, pR0 56 7

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yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda vyutthAna avazya hotA hai / parantu upAyapratyaya asamprajJAtayoga meM upAya yAni prajJA arthAt zuddha jJAna ke utpanna hone para saMskAra kramazaH dagdha ho jAte haiM / ataH usameM vyutthAna kI koI AzaMkA nahIM rahatI / vAstava meM isI ko kaivalya kA pUrvAsvAda kahA jA sakatA hai|' kaivalya kI prApti hI yoga kA antima lakSya hai / A. jainayoga-mata jaina AcAryoM ne 'yoga' kA eka vyApaka svarUpa pratipAdita karate hue sAdhanA kI bhinna-bhinna koTiyoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara, unake bheda bhI pratipAdita kiye haiM, jo isaprakAra haiM (ka) sarvadharma-vyApArayoga yoga mokSa kA hetu hai| ataH mokSa kI prApti hetu jina-jina sAdhanoM ko AtmasAt kiyA jAtA hai, ve saba yoga kI zreNI meM parigaNita kiye gaye haiM / ve sabhI vizuddha dharma vyApAra yoga kahe gaye haiM, jo AtmA kA mokSa se yojana karAte haiM, mokSa kI ora pravRtta karAte haiN| samyagdRSTi sAdhaka ke sabhI yoga (kAyAdi vyApAra) jo saMvara va nirjarA ke hetu hote hue mokSa sAdhaka haiM, isa dRSTi se ve bhI 'yoga' ke rUpa meM pratipAdita haiN| isaprakAra samasta Atmika zaktiyoM ko pUrNataH vikasita karAne vAlI kriyA 'yoga' kahI jA sakatI hai| (kha) praNidhAnAdi pAMca Azaya (prakAra) - rAgAdi mala se pUrNa virati hI mukti hai| ukta sarvadharma-vyApAra kA lakSya hotA hai * zuddha Atmasthiti ( mukti, kaivalya) kI prApti, jo pApakSaya evaM puNyavRddhi karate hue kramazaH cittazuddhi ke mAdhyama se prApta hotI hai / kramika cittazuddhi ke vibhinna sopAna zAstroM meM varNita haiN| ukta sopAnoM ko 'yoga ke prakAra' bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| A0 haribhadra ke anusAra ukta sopAna pAMca haiM praNidhAna, pravRtti, vighnajaya, siddhi, aura viniyoga / ukta pAMca Azaya kramazaH uttarottara prApta hote haiM kyoMki ve uttarottara adhikAdhika prakarSazAlI cittopayoga arthAt mAnasa pariNAmasvarUpa haiN| inakA saMkSipta varNana isa prakAra hai 1. 2. 3. 1. praNidhAna (dhArmika kriyAoM ke prati sAvadhAnI ) sAvadhAnIpUrvaka apane se nIce kI koTi vAle jIvoM ke prati dveSa kI apekSA kRpAbhAva rakhanA, 4. 5. 6. 7. C.. 63 bhAratIya saMskRti aura sAdhanA, pR0 387, 388 yogaviMzikA, gA0 1 bhinnagrandhestu yat prAyo mokSe cittaM bhave tanuH / tasya tatsarva eveha yogo yogo hi bhAvataH / / - yogabindu, 203 puSTiH puNyopacayaH zuddhiH pApakSayeNa nirmalatA / anubaMdhini dvaye'smin krameNa muktiH parA jJeyA / / SoDazaka, 3/4 (ka) praNidhipravRttivighnajayasiddhiviniyogabhedataH prAyaH / dharmajJairAkhyAtaH zubhAzayaH paMcadhA'tra vidhau / / - vahI, 3/6 (kha) dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 10/10 praNidhAna pravRtti- vighnajaya-siddhi-viniyogAnAmuttarottarabhAvAt / - lalitavistarA, pR0 418 vahI, pR0 420 (ka) praNidhAnaM tatsamaye sthitimattadadyaH kRpAnugaM caiva / niravadyavastu viSaya parArthaniSpattisAraM ca / / SoDazaka, 3/7 (kha) praNidhAna kriyAniSThamadhovRttikRpAnugam / paropakArasAraM ca cittaM pApavivarjitam / / - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 10/11 - - AtmonmukhI ceSTA

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana paropakAra ko hI sAra mAnanA.. tathA apanI vartamAna dhArmika bhUmikA ke kartavya meM pApa kA varjana karanA 'praNidhAna' hai| 2. pravRtti' (caMcalatArahita tIvraprayatna) vartamAna dhArmika bhUmikA ke uddezya se nirdiSTa yoga-sAdhanA meM caMcalatArahita tIvraprayatna ko 'pravRtti' kahA gayA hai| 3. vighnajaya (pariSahoM evaM manovizrama meM sthiratA) ___ dhArmika pravRtti meM bAdhaka bhUkha-pyAsa Adi pariSaha, zArIrika roga evaM manovibhrama, tInoM para vijaya prApta karanA 'vighnajaya' hai| 4. siddhi' (sadguNI svabhAva, gurujanoM ke prati vinaya, apane se nimna zreNI ke logoM ke prati dayA, anukampA Adi) - aisI tAttvika dhArmika bhUmikA ko prApta karanA, jisameM gurujanoM ke prati Adara bhAva ho, samAna zreNI vAloM ke prati upakAra kI bhAvanA ho, tathA nimna zreNI vAloM ke prati dayA, dAna tathA anukampA kI bhAvanA ho, vaha 'siddhi' hai| 5. viniyoga (svaparakalyANa kI pravRtti kA niravacchinna pravartana) __ 'viniyoga' sAdhanA kI AtmasaMskArapUrNa aisI sthiti hai, jahA~ sarvotkRSTa dharmasthAna - mukti kI prApti nizcita ho jAtI hai| ___ ukta Azaya rUpa pAMca manobhAvoM ke abhAva meM bAhya-ceSTA nirjIva kriyA tulya ho jAtI hai. isalie koI bhI dhArmika kriyA prArambha karane se pUrva praNidhAnAdi pAMca AzayoM se cittazuddhi karanA Avazyaka hai| ina pAMca AzayoM se vizuddha dharmavyApAra ko hI mokSa kA hetu hone se 'yoga' kahA jAtA hai| (ga) nizcaya-vyavahArayoga jaina AdhyAtmika kSetra meM kisI padArtha kA nirUpaNa do dRSTiyoM se kiyA jAtA hai| ve do dRSTiyA~ 1. (ka) tatraiva tu pravRttiH zubhasAropAyasaGgatAtyantam / adhikRtayatnAtizayAdautsukyavivarjitA caiva / / - SoDazaka. 3/8 (kha) pravRttiH prakRtasthAne yatnAtizayasaMbhavA / anyAbhilASarahitA cetaH pariNatiH sthirA || - dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 10/12 2. (ka). vidhnajayastrividhaH khalu vijJeyo hInamadhyamotkRSTaH / mArga iha kaNTakajvaramohajayasamaH pravRttiphalaH / / - SoDazaka 3/6 (kha) bAhyAntAdhimithyAtvajayavyaMgyAzayAtmakaH | kaMTakajvaramohAnA jayairvighnajayaH samaH ||-dvaatriNshddvaatriNshiNkaa. 10/13 (ka) siddhistattaddharmasthAnAvAptiriha tAttvikI jJeyA / adhike vinayAdiyutA hIne ca dayAdiguNasArA / / - SoDazaka. 3/10 (kha) siddhistAttvikadharmAptiH sAkSAdanubhavAtmikA / kRpopakAravinayAnvitA hInAdiSu kramAt / / - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 10/14 (ka) siddhezcottarakArya viniyogo'vandhyametadetasmin / satyadvayasaMpattyA sundaramiti tatparaM yAvat / / - SoDazaka. 3/11 (kha) anyasya yojanaM dharme viniyogastaduttaram / kAryamanvayasaMpattyA tadavandhyaphalaM matam / / - dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 10/15 5. etaiH praNidhAnAdibhiH Azayayogestu binA dharmAya na kriyA baahykaayvyaapaarruupaa| - vahI. 10/16 para svo vR0

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yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda 65 haiM - nizcaya aura vyavahAra / tIrthaMkara kI dezanA (upadeza) ubhaya nayoM para AdhArita hotI hai| isI siddhAnta kA samarthana haribhadrasUri ne bhI apane granthoM meM kiyA hai| yogazataka nAmaka grantha meM unhoMne yoga ke svarUpa ko ubhaya dRSTi se prastuta karate hue yoga ke do bheda kiye haiM - 1. nizcayayoga, 2. vyvhaaryog| 1. nizcayayoga samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana aura samyakcAritra - ina tInoM kA AtmA ke sAtha sambandha 'nizcayayoga' hai| ina tInoM kA yoga AtmA ko mokSa se jor3atA hai| isalie usako yoga-saMjJA dI gaI hai| jainazAstroM meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ko mokSa ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| padArthoM ko yathArtha rUpa se jAnane kI ruci - niSThA kA honA samyagdarzana hai| vastu ke svarUpa kA yathArtha bodha samyagjJAna hai| zAstrokta vidhiniSedha ke anurUpa usakA AcaraNa karanA samyakcAritra hai| svataMtra rUpa meM tInoM meM se koI bhI sAdhana mokSa kA tu nahIM ho sktaa| samyagdarzana ke siddha hone para hI samyagjJAna kI prApti hotI hai| kucha vidvAn samyagjJAna kI prApti hone para hI samyagdarzana ko saMbhava mAnate haiN| vastutaH donoM sAtha-sAtha prApta hote haiN| samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna donoM kI prApti hone para hI samyaka cAritra siddha hotA hai| samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna ke prApta ho jAne para bhI yadi cAritra-zuddhi nahIM hotI arthAt cAritra kA pAlana nahIM kiyA jAtA to durgati kI saMbhAvanA hotI hai| jJAna kI apekSA cAritra kI pradhAnatA ko A0 haribhadra Adi ne spaSTa rUpa se udghoSita kiyA hai| isa trividha yoga ke pAlana se yoga paripuSTa hotA hai aura AtmA kA AdhyAtmika utkarSa hotA jAtA hai| yoga kI pUrNatA hI mokSa prApta karAtI hai| isalie spaSTa rUpa se haribhadrasUri ne samyagjJAnAdi tInoM guNoM ke sAtha AtmA meM praveza karane ko 'yoga' kahA hai| tInoM ke saMbaMdha se nizcita hI AtmA kA mokSa ke sAtha saMbaMdha hotA hai arthAta AtmA mokSa kI ora abhimukha hotI hai| isalie unhoMne ise 'nizcayayoga' kI saMjJA dI hai| A0 hemacandra ne bhI unase prabhAvita hokara hI samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra rUpa 'ratnatraya' ko mokSa kA hone se 'yoga' kahA hai| OM 1. paMcavastuka. 1014 evaM usa para TIkA : tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1/5/33 2. iha yogo dvidhA - nizcayato vyavahAratazceti / - yogazataka, 2 para vRtti 3. nicchayao iha jogo saNNANAINa tiNha saMbaMdho / mokkheNa joyaNAo NiddiTTo joginAhehiM / / - yogazataka, 2 4. (ka) samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / - tattvArthasUtra, 1/1 (kha) nANaM ca daMsaNaM gheva, caritaM ca tavo tahA / / esa bhaggo tti pannato, jiNehiM varadaMsihi / / - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/2 yogazataka. 3: uttarAdhyayanasUtra. 28/35; tattvArthasUtra, 1/2: sthAnAMgasUtra, abhayadevavRtti,1, pR016: niyamasAra, tAtparyavRtti, 3; yogazAstra, 1/17 yogazataka, 3: uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/35: yogazAstra, 1/16 (ka) saccaraNamaNuTThANaM vihipaDisehANugaM tattha / / - yogazataka, 3 (kha) yogazAstra, 1/18 8. nandIsUtra, haribhadravRtti, pR0 64-65: tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1/31/2 paMcavastuka, 1655 - 1660; AdipurANa 24/121 10. dazavaikAlikasUtra, haribhadravRtti, upasaMhAra (cUlikA), pR0 284-285 tathA prathamAdhyayana, pR80-81 nicchayao iha jogo saNNANAINa tiNha saMbaMdho / mokkheNa joyaNAo NididaTTho jogiNAhehiM / / - yogazataka, 2 12. caturvarge'graNI mokSo, yogastasya ca kAraNam / jJAna-zraddhAna cAritrarUpaM, ratnatrayaM ca saH / / - yogazAstra, 1/15 OM

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66 2. vyavahArayoga samyagjJAnAdi tInoM guNoM kA AtmA ke sAtha sambandha hone para hI mokSa kI prApti hotI hai, parantu AtmA meM ina guNoM kA na to svataH AvirbhAva hotA hai aura na hI ye svataH vikasita hote haiN| inakI prApti aura vikAsa ke lie kucha prayatna karanA par3atA hai, kucha dhArmika kriyAoM kA pAlana karanA par3atA hai, tathA anubhavI vyaktiyoM se pravRtti - nivRtti saMbaMdhI kriyAoM kA jJAna prApta karanA hotA hai| Atmika guNoM ke vikAsa ke lie jina dharmazAstrokta vidhi-niSedhoM kA pAlana tathA guruvinaya aura gurusevA Adi karane par3ate haiM, unheM bhI granthakAra ne 'vyavahArayoga' kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA hai| cUMki kAraNa meM kArya vidyamAna rahatA hai, isalie samyagjJAnadi rUpa kAraNoM kA AtmA va mokSa ke sAtha saMbaMdha bhI vyavahArataH 'yoga' kahA jAtA hai| isa vyavahArayoga ke pAlana se kAlakrama se arthAt uttarottara zuddhatA se nizcayayoga prApta ho jAtA hai / jisaprakAra koI vyakti kisI sthAna vizeSa para jAne ke lie gantavya mArga kI ora calanA prArambha karatA hai, cAhe usakI gati tIvra ho yA manda, yathAzakti gamana karate hue usa pathika ko vyavahAra meM iSTapura (gantavya sthAna) kA pathika kahA jAtA hai, usIprakAra AdhyAtmika lakSya kI siddhi ke lie guru-vinaya Adi meM pravRtta sAdhaka, jo samyagjJAnAdi guNoM kI paripUrNa upalabdhi rUpa yoga ko AtmasAt nahIM kara sakA hai, parantu usa mArga para yathAzakti gatizIla hone ke kAraNa yogI kahA jAtA hai ataH sabhI prakAra ke vyavahAra yA zAstranirUpita jJAna jo adhyAtmavikAsa kI vibhinna bhUmikAoM meM upayogI haiM, ve 'yoga' kahe jAte haiM / (gha) icchAdi trividha yoga A0 haribhadrasUri ne sAdhaka dvArA kriyAnvita kiye jAne vAle dhArmika vyApAroM ke AdhAra para yoga ke tIna bheda kiye haiM- icchAyoga, zAstrayoga aura sAmarthyayoga / ' upA0 yazovijaya ne bhI haribhadrasUri kA anumodana kara dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA meM inakA vizeSa varNana kiyA hai|" uparyukta trividha yoga tAttvika dharma kI ve pravRttiyA~ haiM jinameM kramazaH icchA, zAstra evaM sAmarthya kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| zuddha kriyA kI dRSTi se ye kramazaH truTita, akhaNDita evaM adhika balavAn hote haiM arthAt 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana guruviNao sussUsAiyA ya vihiNA u dhammasatthesu / taha ghevANudvANaM vihipaDisehesu jahasatI yogazataka 5 vavahArao ya eso vinneo eyakAraNANaM pi / jo sambandho so vi ya kAraNakajjovayArAo / yogazataka, 4 eso ciya kAle niyamA siddhI pagiTTharuvANaM / , sannANAINa tahA jAya aNubaMdhabhAveNa / / vahI. 6 - - adveNa gacchato sammaM sattIe iTThapurapahio / jaha taha guruviNayAisu payao ettha jogiti / vahI 7 eesiM niyaniyabhUmigAe uciyaM jamettha'NuTThANaM / ANAmaya saMjuttaM taM savvaM ceva jogo tti / / vahI, 21 (ka) iheye cchAdiyogAnAM svarUpamabhidhIyate / yoginAmupakArAya vyaktaM yogaprasaMgataH / yogadRSTisamuccaya 2 (kha) "icchAdiyogAnA" iti icchAyogazAstrayogasAmarthyayogAnAm kimata Aha.... / - vahI, gA0 2 para svo0 vR0 icchAM zAstraM ca sAmarthyamAzritya trividho'pyayam 1 gIyate yogazAstrajJairnirvyAjaM yo vidhIyate / / - dvAtriMzat dvAtriMzikA. 16/1 (ka) icchApradhAnatvaM cAsya tathA'kAlAdAvapi karaNAditi yogadRSTisamuccaya, gA03 svolyU0 (kha) zAstrapradhAno yogaH zAstrayogaH prakramAddharmavyApAra eva / - vahI gA0 4, svo0 vR0 (ga) sAmarthyapradhAno yogaH sAmarthyayogaH prakramAddharmavyApAra eva kSapaka zreNIgato gRhyate / - vahI, gA0 8 para svo0 vR0

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yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda 67 icchAyoga bhI dharmavRtti hI hai, lekina isameM kriyAzuddhi kI apekSA dharmapravRtti kI icchA pradhAna mAnI jAtI hai, jabaki kriyA azuddha bhI ho sakatI hai| zAstrayoga, icchAyoga kI apekSA uccatara pravRtti hai| isameM zAstra arthAt zAstrIya autsargika evaM anya samasta niyamoM kA pAlana pradhAna aura kriyAzuddhi akhaNDita rahatI hai| sAmarthyayoga meM to zAstrIya AdezoM ke pUrNa pAlana ke atirikta AtmA kI acintya sAmarthya prakaTa hone se dharma-pravRtti atyadhika balavatI hotI hai|' zrI esa0 ema0 desAI ina tIna yogoM ko tIna prakAra ke sAdhakoM ke AdhAra para vibhAjita huA mAnate haiN| unake mata meM tIna prakAra ke sAdhaka hote haiM, jinameM se kucha sAdhakoM meM yoga kA abhyAsa karane kI tIvra icchA to hotI hai, parantu pramAdavaza ve usakA abhyAsa nahIM krte| kucha sAdhaka aise hote haiM jo zAstroM kA anusaraNa to karate haiM, parantu unakI gahanatA taka pahu~cane kI sAmarthya unameM nahIM hotii| isake atirikta kucha aise sAdhaka bhI hote haiM, jinameM yoga-sAdhanA meM pravRtta hone kI sAmarthya hotI hai, tathA ve saralatA se apane lakSya kI ora agrasara ho sakate haiN| ina tIna prakAra ke sAdhakoM dvArA anukaraNIya yoga hI trividha yogoM meM vibhakta hai| tIna yogoM kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai - 1. icchAyoga ___ 'icchAyoga' meM icchA pradhAna hotI hai| dharma karane kI zuddha abhilASA ko icchA kahate haiN| dharmasAdhanA kI icchAmAtra karanA 'yoga' nahIM hai, aura na hI binA icchA ke kiyA gayA dharmavyApAra 'yoga' hai| isalie haribhadrasUri ne yoga kA svarUpa nirdhArita karate samaya dharma meM pravRtta hone kI icchA ke sAtha-sAtha guru-mukha se athavA zAstroM ke adhyayana yA zravaNa se una dhArmika kriyAoM evaM unake vidhi-vidhAnoM kA sampUrNa jJAna prApta karanA 'yoga' ke lie Avazyaka batalAyA hai| 'icchAyoga' meM dharmapravRtti kI zuddha icchA evaM usakA zAstrIya tattvajJAna hone para bhI sAdhaka pramAdavaza truTita dharmapravRtti karatA hai| saMkSepa meM 'icchAyoga' ke cAra viziSTa lakSaNa haiM - 1. pravRtta hone kI icchA, 2. zAstrazravaNa, 3. kartavyabodha evaM 4. puruSArtha / ___ 'icchAyoga sAdhanA kI prathama zreNI hai jisameM icchA hone para bhI pramAdavaza sAdhanA khaNDita ho jAtI hai, jo agrima zreNI meM akhaNDatA meM parivartita ho jAtI hai| parantu zrI desAI kA mata hai ki 'icchAyoga' meM sAdhaka ke lie tIvra icchA kI bhUmikA bhI atimahatvapUrNa hotI hai| sAdhaka meM jitanI tIvra icchA hogI, utanI hI tIvragati se vaha apane lakSya taka pahu~ca skegaa| upA0 yazovijaya ke anusAra nirdambhatA sahita kiyA gayA icchAyoga zubhAnubandhakAraka tathA ajJAnanAzaka hotA hai| 1. 2. 3 lalitavistarA, hindI vivecana, pR0 46-50 Haribhadra's Yoga Works and psychosynthesis, p. 51-52 icchApradhAnatyaM cAsya.............| - yogadRSTisamuccaya, gA03 svo0 vR0 pramAda ke aneka bheda zAstroM meM pratipAdita haiN| A0 haribhadra ne apane grantha meM pramAdoM kI saMkhyA pAMca batAI hai| ve pAMca haiM - madirAdi vyasana, viSayAsakti, krodhAdi kaSAya, nidrA aura vikathA - (rAjakathA, dezakathA, bhaktakathA, aura striikthaa)| - uttarAdhyayananiyukti (niyukti saMgraha). 180, uddhRta : nandIsUtra (sU0 83) para haribhadra vR0 pR071 (ka) kartumicchoH zrutArthasya jJAnino'pi prmaadtH| vikalo dharmayogo yaH sa icchAyoga ucyate / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 3 (kha) cikIrSoH zrutazAstrasya jJAnino'pi pramAdinaH / kAlAdi-vikalo yogaH icchAyoga udAhRtaH / / -dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 16/2 This type of Yoga mainly shows the intensity of the intention or the Keenness of the Sadhaka. The Keener the intention the speedier is he on his way to the goal. - Haribhadra's Yoga Works and psychosynthesis, p. 51-52 adhyAtmasAra, 7/20/26.30 & 7.

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68 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 2. zAstrayoga __'zAstrayoga' sAdhanA kI dvitIya zreNI hai| isameM zAstrapradhAna dharma-vyApAra hone se ise 'zAstrayoga' nAma diyA gayA hai| yathAzakti, pramAdarahita evaM zraddhAsampanna hokara sAdhaka tIvrabodha se yukta, AgamavacanAnusAra kAlAdi bhaMga se akhaNDita jisa dharmavyApAra meM pravRtta hotA hai, use 'zAstrayoga' kahA jAtA hai| zAstrayoga' meM sAdhaka ko sarvaprathama zAstroM meM nirdiSTa pramAdoM kA tyAga karanA Avazyaka hai| pramAdarahitatA ke sAthasAtha zAstrayoga meM sAdhaka ke viziSTa prakAra kA moha naSTa hokara svasaMpratyaya honA caahie| svasaMpratyaya kA artha hai-aisI ucca prakAra kI zraddhA kA utpanna honA jisase hRdaya meM anubhava rUpa zubha pratIti aura tIvraruci ho, evaM jo adhikAdhika Atmabalasthairya Adi kI preraka ho| anubhava rUpa zubha pratIti kA tAtparya hai - dharmapravRtti kA zAstrokta kaThora paaln| saMkSepa meM zAstrayoga kI vizeSatA hai - 'akhaNDita yogsaadhnaa'| akhaNDita yoga-sAdhanA ke lie A0 haribhadra ne nimnalikhita sAdhana Avazyaka batAye hai -1 apramAda, 2. viziSTazraddhA evaM 3. tiivrbodh| sAdhanA kI isa avasthA meM sAdhaka kI AgamoM kA anusaraNa karane kI tIvra icchA rahatI hai| usakI na to apanI vaiyaktika dRSTi hotI hai aura na hI vaha apane lakSya ke prati svAvalambI hotA hai| 3. sAmarthyayoga ' 'sAmarthyayoga' 'zAstrayoga' kI apekSA atyadhika balavAna hotA hai| haribhadrasUri ne ise tInoM yogoM meM zreSTha kahA hai| yaha yoga pUrvavartI donoM yogoM kI siddhi ke pazcAt hI saMbhava hotA hai| haribhadrasUri ke anusAra zAstroM meM jisakA upAya batAyA gayA hai, Atmazakti ke vaise viziSTa vikAsa ke kAraNa jisakA viSaya zAstra se bhI atikrAnta -- atIta hai, vaisA uttama yoga 'sAmarthyayoga' hai| zAstrayoga meM upAya yadyapi zAstra dvArA nirdiSTa hote haiM, kintu zAstra se Age bar3ha jAne vAlA puruSArtha prakaTa hotA hai| isa sAmarthyayoga meM Atma-sAmarthya kI prabalatA jAgRta hotI hai| aisI viziSTa zakti se sampanna dharmapravRtti jo sAmarthyayoga - 1. zAstrapradhAno yogaH zAstrayogaH ... 1 - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 4 para svo0 vR0 2. (ka) zAstrayogastviha jJeyo yathAzaktyapramAdinaH / __ zrAddhasya tIvrabodhena vacasA'vikalastathA / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 4; (kha) yathAzaktyapramattasya tIvrazraddhAvabodhataH / / zAstrayogastvakhaMDArAdhanAdupadizyate / / - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 16/4 3. pramAdoM kI saMkhyA sthAnAMgasUtra (6/4) meM cha:, tathA gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) meM pandraha batAI gaI hai| uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gA0 180 meM pramAda ke 5bheda mAne gaye haiN| 4.. ayameva viziSyate zrAddhasya- tathAvidhamohApagamAtsvasaMpratyayAtmikAdizraddhAvataH ..... | - - yogadRSTisamuccaya, gA04, svo0 vR0 evaM lalitavistarA, gA02 kI vyAkhyA pR051 5. yogadRSTisamuccaya, gujarAtI vyAkhyA, pR0 84; lalitavistarA, paMjikA vyAkhyA, pR051 The second category of 'Yoga by scripture mainly shows the intensity of the Sadhaku to follow the scriptures but had no insight of his own. He is not self-dependent in the matter of reaching the goal nor has he the insight for it. - Haribhadra's Yoga Works and psychosynthesis, p. 51-52 sAmarthyayogAbhidhAno'yaM yogaH 'uttamaH' - sarvapradhAnaH tadbhAvabhAvitvAt.............. | - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 5 svo vR0 8. (ka) zAstrasaMdarzitopAyastadatikrAntagocaraH / zaktyudrekAvizeSeNa sAmarthyAkhyo'yamuttamaH / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 5 (kha) zAstreNa darzitopAyaH sAmarthyAkhyo'tizaktitaH / / --dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 16/5 6. sAmAnyena zAstrAbhihitopAyaH, sAmAnyena zAstre tadabhidhAnAt ........ | - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 5 svo030

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yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda 69 kahalAtI hai, ko uttama yoga mAnA gayA hai| isakI uttamatA kA kAraNa yaha hai ki isameM zIghra hI vItarAga sarvajJatA kI prApti rUpa zreSTha phala utpanna hotA hai|' pUrvavartI donoM yogoM meM zAstroM ko atyadhika mahattA pradAna kI gaI hai, jabaki sAmarthyayoga meM jo mokSaupAya apekSita hote haiM, unakA parijJAna zAstroM se sambhava nahIM hotA, kyoMki zAstroM meM samasta asaMkhya upAyoM kA zabdazaH nirdeza honA kaThina hai| zAstra kA itanA hI kArya hotA hai ki vaha vastu ke sAtha sAdhaka kA hastasparza karA ske| DA0 ke0 ke0 dIkSita ke anusAra A0 haribhadra ke isa kaMthana kA Azaya yaha hai ki zAstroM se to mokSa rUpa paramapada kI prApti ke mArga ke prAthamika stara kA jJAna ho sakatA hai, kintu AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke ucca dharAtala para anubhUti mAtragamya pariNAmoM kA vivaraNa zabdoM ke mAdhyama se sambhava nahIM hai| isI viSaya meM zrIvijayabhuvanabhAnusUrIzvara jI mahArAja ne kahA hai ki yoga ke sAdhanoM kA pAlana karane se AtmA meM jo antarnihita zakti athavA bala utpanna hotA hai, tadanurUpa vizuddha va vizuddhattara hone vAle saMyama-sthAnoM t sayama ke adhyavasAyoM kA svarUpa varNana zAstroM dvArA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| unheM to anubhava dvArA hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| isase yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhiye ki zAstra nirarthaka haiM, kyoMki sAmarthyayoga kI avasthA prApta karane ke lie jo zAstrayoga aura usake upAya Avazyaka haiM, ve zAstroM se hI jJAta ho sakate haiN| parantu haribhadrasUri likhate haiM ki yadi zAstroM se hI mokSa paryanta saba upAyoM kI viziSTa jAnakArI prApta ho sakatI, to unase hI kevalajJAna kI bhAMti sampUrNa upAyoM kA bodha hone se sarvasAkSAtkAritA siddha ho jaatii| phalataH AgamazravaNa karane vAloM ko zravaNa karate hI sarvajJatA siddha ho jaatii| kyoMki mokSa ke advitIya upAya ayogakevalItva kA zAstroM se hI jJAna ho jAne se usako vyavahAra meM lAnA sambhava ho jAtA aura avilamba mokSa prApta ho jaataa| parantu vAstava meM aisA kabhI hotA nhiiN| 2. sa 1. 'zAstrasandarzitopAyaH' iti sAmAnyena zAstrAbhihitopAyaH........ | 'tadatikrAntagocara' iti zAstrAtikrAntaviSayaH ...... / - zaktyunekAt-zaktiprAbalyAt 'vizeSeNa' na sAmAnyena zAstrAtikrAntagocaraH, sAmAnyena phalaparyavasAnatvAcchAstrasya / 'sAmarthyAkhyo'yaM - sAmarthyayogAbhidhAno'yaM yoga: 'uttamaH sarvapradhAno, akSepeNa prdhaanphlkaarnntvaaditi| - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 5 svovR0 / (ka) siddhayAkhyapadasamprAptihetubhedA na tattvataH / zAstrAdevAvagamyante sarvathaiveha yogibhiH || - yogadRSTisamuccaya,6 (kha) zAstrAdeva na budhyante sarvathA siddhihetavaH / - dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 16/6 hastasparzasama zAstraM tat eva kathaJcana / atra tannizcayo'pi syAt tathA candroparAgavat / / - yogabindu, 316 8. This according to him, dependence on scriptures characterizes the lower and middle stages of spiritual; development; but it does not characterize the highest of these stages. -Yogadrstisamuccaya &Yogavimsika, p.20 yogadRSTisamuccaya(gujarAtI vyAkhyA), pR0 114 (ka) sarvathA tatparicchedAta sAkSAtkArityayogataH / tatsarvajJatvasaMsidvestadA siddhipadAptitaH / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya,7 (kha) zAstrAdeva na budhyante sarvathA siddhihetavaH / anyathA zravaNAdeva sarvajJatvaM prasajyate / / - dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 16/6 sarvathA sarvaiH prakAraiH / zAstrAdeva na budhyante / anyathA zAstrAdeva sarvasiddhihetUnAM bodhe sarvajJatvaM prsjyte| zravaNAdeya sarvasiddhihetujJAne sArvajJayasiddhayupadhAyakotkRSTahetujJAnasyApyAvazyakatvAt, tadupalaMbhAkhyasvarUpAcaraNa rUpacAritrasyApi vilambAbhAvAt sarvasiddhayupAyajJAnasya saarvjnyyvyaapytvaacc| - vahI, 16/6 para svo0 vR0 7. muktipadApteH, ayogikevalitvasyApi zAstrAdeva sdbhaavaavgtiprsNgaaditi| - yogadRSTisamuccaya, gA07 svo0 vR0 ja

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70 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana vastutaH zAstra se sarvajJatA evaM ayogikevalItva ke upAyoM kA bodha zakya hone para bhI mokSa nahIM hotaa| isIliye yaha mAnanA hogA ki isake atirikta viziSTa Atma-sAmarthya kI pradhAnatA vAlA sAmarthyayoga nAmaka koI avarNanIya dharma-vyApAra apekSita hai, jisase turanta hI sarvajJatvAdi kI siddhi prApta ho| yaha sAmarthyayoga prAtibhajJAna se samanvita hotA hai| jisa prakAra pragAr3ha andhakAra meM se bAhara nikalate samaya pahale alpa prakAza dikhAI detA hai usake bAda pUrNa prakAza, usI prakAra kevalajJAna ke prakaTa hone se pahale sUrya ke prakAza se pUrva USA ke prakAza jaisA prAtibhajJAna sAmarthyayoga ke sAtha prakaTa hotA hai| prAtibhajJAna na to matizrutAdi pAMcoM jJAnoM meM ginA gayA hai, aura na hI ukta pAMcoM ke atirikta koI chaThA jJAna hai| matijJAna se lekara manaHparyAyajJAna taka ke cAra jJAna utkRSTa rUpa meM hone ke anantara aura kevalajJAna hone ke pUrva prAtibhajJAna hotA hai, aura vaha kevalajJAna rUpa sUrya ke udaya meM usake pUrva aruNodaya ke prakAza ke sadRza hone se matijJAna se pRthak sunane meM nahIM aataa| lekina yaha eka jJAna avazya hai, kyoMki kevalajJAna ke pUrva aise cAra jJAnoM kI utkRSTa avasthA saMgata ho sakatI hai, aura usI viziSTa avasthA kA nAma 'prAtibhajJAna' hai| ___ 'prAtibhajJAna' meM kSAyopazamika (kSaya + upazama) bhAva hotA hai, jabaki kevalajJAna meM kSAyika bhAva hotA hai| dharmavyApAra ke prakaraNa se sAmarthyayoga bhI dharmavyApAra hI hai| lekina kSapaka zreNI ke puruSArtha ke antargata jo dharmavyApAra hai. vahI sAmarthyayoga meM grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| kSapaka zreNI kA paruSArtha vaha hai. jisameM zukladhyAna ke bala para antarmuhUrta mAtra kAla meM mohanIyakarma kI prakRtiyoM kA kSaya karate-karate pUrNa vItarAga dazA prApta hotI hai, aura bAda meM zIghra hI jJAnAvaraNakarma, darzanAvaraNakarma evaM aMtarAyakarma kA mUlataH nAza ho jAtA hai| phalasvarUpa sarvajJatva arthAt kevalajJAna prakaTa hotA hai, jisameM samasta jagat ke samastakAlavartI nikhila dravyoM kA sarvaparyAya sahita sAkSAtkAra prakaTa ho jAtA hai| 1. na caitadevaM yattasmAt praatibhsNgtH| sAmarthyayogo'vAcyo'sti sarvajJatvAdisAdhanam / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 8 (ka) na kevalaM, na ca jJAnAMtaramiti raatriNdivaarunnodyvt| aruNodayo hi na rAtriMdivAtirikto na ca tayorekopi vaktuM pAryate / evaM prAtibhamapyetanna tadatiriktaM na ca tayorekamapi vaktuM shkyte|- yogadRSTisamuccaya, gA0 8 syo0 vR0 (kha) prAtibhajJAnagamyastatsAmarthyAkhyo'yamiSyate / aruNodayakalpaM hi prAcyaM tatkevalArkataH / / rAtrerdinAdapi pRthagyathA no vAruNodayaH / zrutAcca kevalAjJAnAttathedamapi bhAvyatAm / / - dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 16/7.5 3. (ka) asadetat. mtyaadipNckaatirekennaasyaa'shrvnnaat| ucyate, caturjJAnaprakarSottarakAlabhAvi kevalajJAnAdadhaH tadudaye savitrAlokakalpam iti na matyAdipaMcakAtirekeNAsya zravaNam / asti caitad, adhikRtA -(adhikatvA - pra.) yasthopapatteriti etadvizeSa eva prAtibhamiti kRtaM prsNgen| - lalitavistarA, pR061 (kha) nanu prAtibhamapi zrutajJAnameva anyathA SaSThajJAnaprasaMgAttathA ca kathaM zAstrAtikrAntaviSayatvamasyetyata Aha - tAtibhaM hi kevalArkataH kevalajJAnabhAnumAlinaH prAcyaM pUrvakAlInaM arunnodyklpm|-dvaatriNshddvaatriNshikaa, 16/7 svo010 pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM bhI 'prAtibhajJAna' kA ullekha huA hai| donoM paramparAoM meM varNita 'prAtibhajJAna' kA tulanAtmaka vivecana 'AdhyAtmikavikAsakrama' nAmaka adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai| tatkAla eva tathotkRSTakSayopazamavato bhAvAt zrutatvena tattvato'saMvyavahAryatvAnna zrutaM, kSAyopazamikatvAdazeSadravyaparyAyA'viSayatyAnna kevlmiti| - yogadRSTisamuccaya, gA0 8 svo0 vR0 sAmarthyayogaH prakramAddharmavyApAra eva kSapaka zreNigato gRhyate, ......| - vahI, lalitavistarA, pR0 54; tattvArthasUtra, 1/30; pravacanasAra, 1/21

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yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda sAmarthyayoga meM jina dhArmika pravRttiyoM kA AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, unase antarAtmA meM kaisI prakriyA hotI hai, arthAt kisa prakAra ke bhAva utpanna hote haiM, aura kisa prakAra kI AtmapariNati hotI hai, isako zabdoM dvArA vyakta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isalie haribhadrasUri ne ise anirvacanIya kahA hai|' zrI desAI ke anusAra 'sAmarthyayoga' nAmaka tRtIya yoga-zreNI meM sAdhaka apane lakSya taka avilamba pahu~cane kI atula sAmarthya prApta karatA hai| use eka aisI antardRSTi prApta hotI hai, jisase zAstroM para to navIna prakAza par3atA hI hai sAtha hI mokSamArga bhI prakAzita hotA hai| zrI desAI ke isa mantavya se sAdhaka kI tIvra sAmarthya prakaTa hotI hai| sAmarthyayoga ke bheda ___ A0 haribhadrasUri ne sAmarthyayoga ke do bheda kiye haiM - 1. dharmasaMnyAsayoga aura 2. yogsNnyaasyog| 'dharma' zabda se cAritramohanIyakarma ke kSayopazama (kSaya+upazama) ke dvArA niSpanna kSamA Adi dharma gahIta haiM aura 'yoga' zabda se kAyAdi kriyaa| kAyAdi kriyA meM kAyotsarga Adi dharmavyApAra parigaNita hote haiN| 'saMnyAsa' zabda kA artha hai 'nivRtti' / nivRtti, uparama, tyAga - ye ekArthavAcaka zabda haiN| jisa yoga kI dharmasaMnyAsa saMjJA hai vaha 'dharmasaMnyAsasaMjJita' yoga kahalAtA hai| pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke anusAra saMjJA zabda meM itac pratyaya jor3ane se 'saMjJita' zabda banA hai| isI prakAra jisakI yogasaMnyAsa saMjJA hai, vaha 'yogasaMnyAsasaMjJita' yoga kahalAtA hai| jisaprakAra sAMsArika dharmoM, arthAt saMsAra kA tyAga karane vAle vyakti ko saMnyAsI kahA jAtA hai, usIprakAra kSAyopazamika (kSayopazama se hone vAle kSamA Adi) dharmoM ke tyAga karane ko dharmasaMnyAsayoga' aura kAyAdi yogoM ke tyAga karane ko 'yogasaMnyAsayoga' nAma diyA gayA hai| kSamAdi dharmoM kI nivRtti kSapakazreNI (AThaveM guNasthAna se) para ArUr3ha yogI ko hotI hai, ataH vahI dharmasaMnyAsa yogI hai| samasta kAyAdi vyApAroM kI nivRtti AyojyakaraNa zailezI avasthA (caudahaveM guNasthAna) meM sambhava hai, ata: vahI sthiti "sarvasaMnyAsayoga' kI sthiti hai| yoga-sAdhanA kA prArambhika sopAna 'sarvadharmavyApArayoga' hai, usakI apekSA 'dharmasaMnyAsayoga' aura 'yogasaMnyAsayoga' donoM ucca koTi ke yoga haiN| unameM bhI 'yogasaMnyAsayoga' ko sarvocca mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki dharmasaMnyAsa hone para AtmA 1. saamrthyyogo'vaacyo'sti| - yogadRSTisamuccaya, gA08 2 But in the third type of "yoga by exertion" the Sadhaka achieves such immense capability that he, like Ganapati, can reach the goal in no time. Like Ganapati, he gains an insight which sheds new light on even the scriptures and illumnates the path for the realization of the goal of Moksa. -Haribhadra's Yoga Works and Psychosynthesis, p.51-52 (ka) dvidhA'yaM dharmasaMnyAsa-yogasaMnyAsasaMjJitaH / kSAyopazamikA dharmA yogAH kAyAdikarma tu / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, gA06 (kha) dvAtriMzatadvAtriMzikA 16/11 evaM usa para svo0 10 4. saMnyAso nivRttiruparama ityeko'rthaH / - lalitavistarA, gA07 para paJjikA TIkA0 pR054 tato dharmasaMnyAsasaMjJAsaMjAtA'syeti dhrmsNnyaasNjnyitH| - yogadRSTisamuccaya, gA06 svo0 vR0 6. pANinIyyAkaraNa, 5/2/36; yogadRSTisamuccaya, gA06 svo0 vR0 evaM yogasaMnyAsasaMjJA saMjAtA'syeti yogsNnyaassNjnyitH| - yogadRSTisamuccaya, gA06 svo0 vR0 kaayvaangmnHkrmyogH| - tattvArthasUtra, 6/1 'AyojyakaraNa usa kriyA kA nAma hai jisameM avaziSTa nAma, gotra, vedanIya evaM Ayu- ina cAra aghAtikarmoM kA yathAyogya samaya kSaya hotA hai| karmoM kI kSayayogya avasthA upasthita karane kI kriyA kA prayatna AyojyakaraNa hai| _ - yogadRSTisamuccaya, gA0 8 svo00 evaM dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 16/12 svo0 vR0 10. dvitIyApUrvakaraNe prathamastAttviko bhavet / AyojyakaraNAdUvaM dvitIya iti tadvidaH / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, gA0 10

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jIvanmukta, anantajJAnasukhAdimaya, zuddha, siddha, paramAtma avasthA ko prApta karatA hai| dharmasaMnyAsa, yogasaMnyAsa ora sarvasaMnyAsa ke rUpa meM trividha saMnyAsa kA nirUpaNa karake yaha sUcita kiyA gayA hai ki jaina-paramparA meM 'guNasthAna' nAma se ullikhita AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama kA ukta trividha saMnyAsa meM hI antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki A0 haribhadrasUri ne sAmarthyayoga ko jaina-sammata 'guNasthAna' saMjJaka sopAnapaddhati ke anurUpa saMyojita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, jabaki icchAyoga va zAstrayoga meM unakI aisI koI abhiruci dRSTigocara nahIM hotii| DA0 ke0 ke0 dIkSita ne bhI isa se apanI sahamati prakaTa kI hai| __ isa prakAra trividhayoga (icchA, zAstra, sAmarthya) yoga-sAdhanA kI saMbhava avasthAoM kA trividha vibhAjana pratIta hote haiN| kucha vidvAnoM ne bhI isa tathya kI ora dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai| DA0 desAI ne inakI tulanA pataJjali ke mud, madhya aura adhimAtra ina tIvra saMvegoM se kI hai| vaha yaha mAnate haiM ki AcArya haribhadrasari ne pataJjali ke hI siddhAnta ko apanI navIna zailI dvArA trividha yogoM ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| ___ ukta trividhayoga nirUpaNa se Ao haribhadrasUri para gItA kA pracura prabhAva dRSTigata hotA hai| 'sAmarthyayoga' kA vivecana karate samaya A0 haribhadrasUri ne saMnyAsa zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| saMnyAsa zabda gItA meM bahutAyata se prayukta huA hai| (Ga) adhyAtmAdi paMcavidha yoga AdhyAtmika dRSTi se A0 haribhadrasUri ne yoga ke pAMca bheda kiye haiM - adhyAtma, bhAvanA, dhyAna, samatA aura vRttisNkssy| ye pAMcoM uttarottara zreSTha haiN| vastutaH ina pAMcoM prakAra ke yogoM ko A0 haribhadra ne cAritra ke antargata parigaNita kiyA hai| yogabindu meM vyAvahArika dRSTi se adhyAtma ko yoga ke samAnArthaka mAnA gayA hai, jabaki isI graMtha meM adhyAtma aura vRttisaMkSaya donoM ke lie bhI 'yoga' zabda prayukta huA hai| Ao haribhadra ne apane sabhI granthoM meM japa, tapa, svAdhyAya, dhyAna, Asana, vratapAlana Adi sabhI kA sAmAnya dRSTi se eka hI zabda 'dharmavyApAra' ke antargata parigaNana kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki cAritra ke dezataH, sarvataH 1. lalitavistarA, paMjikA vyAkhyA, pR056 2. Yogadrstisamuccaya&Yogavimsiki, p. 21-22 3. These three viz. Icchayoga, Sastrayoga and Samarthyayoga are the three broad divisions of all the possible stages of yoga. - Studies in Jain Philosophy, p. 300-301 8. In short my surmise is that this classification of the three yogas is not a 'new classification at all nor does it present any new type of yoga but they are the three categories of the intensity of Samvega for the attainment of the goal. This is fully supported by the above comparision with Patanjali's Sutras. - Haribhadra's Yoga Works and Psycosynthesis, p.51-52 (ka) adhyAtma bhAvanA dhyAnaM samatA vRttisaMkSayaH / mokSeNa yojanAd yoga eSa zreSTho yathottaram / / - yogabindu, 31 (kha) adhyAtma bhAvanA dhyAnaM samatA vRttisaMkSayaH / yogaH paMcavidhaH prokto yogamArgavizAradaiH ||-dvaatriNshddvaatriNshikaa, 18/1 6. atra pUrvodito yogo'dhyAtmAdiH saMpravartate / / - yogabindu, 357 (ka) saMkSepAtsaphalo yoga, iti sandarzito hyayam / Adyantau tu punaH spaSTa, bUmo'syaiva vizeSataH / / - vahI, 376 saMkSepAt samAsAt saphalaH saha phalena yoga iti - evaM sndrshitH| hiH - sphuTavRttyA aymdhyaatmaadibhedH| Adyantau tu punarAdyantAveva punaradhyAtmavRttisaMkSayalakSaNau bhedau spaSTaM........ | - yogabindu, 376, svo0 vR0 9 (kha) saMza

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yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda Adi jitane bheda haiM, ve saba 'yoga' haiN| ataH adhyAtma samyakcAritra kA samAnArthaka siddha hotA hai / 2 1. adhyAtmayoga samyagdRSTi avasthA meM saMsAra se virata hokara kiyA gayA AtmalakSI sAmAnya zuddha AcAra 'adhyAtma' hai| dUsare zabdoM meM zuddhAtmA meM vizuddhatA lAne vAle anuSThAna yA AcaraNa ko 'adhyAtma' kahA gayA hai|' cAritra-zuddhi ke lie adhyAtmayoga kA anuSThAna paramAvazyaka hai| isalie jainAgamoM meM mumukSu ko bAra-bAra adhyAtma se yukta hone kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki haribhadra ne bhI adhyAtmayoga kI carcA kI hai| zAstroM meM AtmA, mana aura prANa vAyu ke eka rUpa 'samatAyoga' ko 'adhyAtmayoga kahA gayA hai, ' jabaki A0 haribhadra ke anusAra ucita (zAstrokta vihita ) pravRtti se aNuvratoM, mahAvratoM Adi kA pAlana karanA, AgamapraNIta jIva, ajIvAdi tattvoM kA ciMtana karanA tathA maitrI Adi bhAvanAoM kA jIvana meM samyak rUpeNa pAlana karanA hI adhyAtma hai| upA0 yazovijaya jI ne adhyAtma kI ukta vyAkhyA para vicAra karate hue adhyAtma kA yaugika evaM rUr3hi donoM arthoM meM lakSaNa prastuta kiyA hai| yaugika artha ke anusAra, AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa ko lakSya meM rakhakara paMcAcAra (arthAt jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa evaM vIrya rUpa pAMca AcAroM) ke AcaraNa karane ko adhyAtma kahate haiM, aura rUr3hi artha ke anusAra, bAhya vyavahAra se prApta hue maitrI, pramoda, mAdhyasthya aura kAruNya bhAvanAoM se suvAsita nirmala mana ko adhyAtma kahate 8 haiN| adhyAtma ke binA koI bhI dharmAnuSThAna mokSa- sAdhaka nahIM hotA aura Atmazuddhi kiye binA jIva adhyAtmAdi yogoM kA pAlana karane meM samartha nahIM ho sktaa| paMcAcAra kA pAlana AtmA ke nija guNoM ko vikasita yA prakaTa karane kA upakrama hai| jaba AtmA kA vikAsa parAkASThA para pahu~ca jAtA hai, taba anAyAsa hI mokSa prApta ho jAtA hai| yahI AtmA kI nirvikalpa jJAna dazA hai aura yahI adhyAtma kI parAkASThA hai| A0 haribhadra ke anusAra kevala zuklapAkSika jIva jisane moharAgamayI granthi kA bhedana kara 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 7. 8. 6. (ka) dezAdi bhedatazcitamidaM coktaM mahAtmabhiH / atra pUrvodito yogo'dhyAtmAdiH saMpravartate / / yogabindu, 357 - () Desavirati occupies the fifth Gunasthana while Sarva Caritri (virati) occupies the sixth or seventh Gunasthana. Then there are names for the over all character of the person occupying the Gunasthanas eighth etc. By desa etc., Haribhadra means all these means. -Yogabindu., p.93 Now we can treat Adhyatma as a near synonym for good conduct. Yogadrstisamuccya.& Yogavimsika. Appendix I, p.100. yogabindu 404 adhyAtmopaniSad, 1/2 (ka) nija zuddhAtmani vishuddhaadhaarbhuute'nusstthaanmdhyaatmm| samayasAra tAtparyavRtti, pari0 pR0 525 (kha) dravyasaMgraha, TIkA 57/238 - (ka) ajjhaSpajjhANajute (adhyAtmadhyAnayuktaH) adhyAtmani AtmAnamadhikRtya AtmAlambanaM dhyAnaM cittanirodhastena yuktaH / iti vyAkhyAkAraH * praznavyAkaraNa (TIkA) saMvaradvAra 3. (kha) ajjhayajogasuddhAdANe uvadiTThie ThiappA sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 16 / 3 Atmamano maruttattvasamatAyogalakSaNo hyadhyAtmayogaH / - yazastilakacampU, 6/1, aucityAd vratayuktasya vacanAt tattvacintanam / maitryAdisAramatyantamadhyAtmaM tadvido viduH / / - yogabindu, 358 AtmAnamadhikRtya syAda. ya. paMcAcAracArimA / zabdayogArthanipuNAstadadhyAtmaM pracakSate / rUDhyarthanipuNAstvAhuzcittaM maitryAdi vAsitam / adhyAtmaM nirmalaM bAhyavyavahAropabRMhitam / / 73 adhyAtmopaniSad, 1/2 - adhyAtmopaniSad, 1/3

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana diyA hai aura jo cAritra pAlana ke patha para samArUr3ha hai, vahI adhyAtmayoga kA adhikArI hai| adhyAtma kI ukta paribhASA meM 'vratayukta prANI dvArA aucityapUrvaka cAritra pAlana karanA' se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki paMcama guNasthAnavI jIva hI adhyAtmayoga kA pAlana karane meM samartha ho sakatA hai, kyoMki aucityapUrNa cAritra kA pAlana karane kI yogyatA pAMcaveM guNasthAna meM hI prApta hotI hai| vratayukta dezavirati yA sarvavirati sAdhaka hI adhyAtmayoga meM pravRtta hote haiN| A0 haribhadrasUri ke kathana se bhI yahI sUcita hotA hai| isI bhAva ke AdhAra para paMcamaguNasthAna athavA ucca bhUmikAoM meM sthita jIva ko hI adhyAtmayoga kA adhikArI samajhA jAtA haiN| ___ adhyAtmayoga kA pAlana karane vAlA jIva dUsaroM ke sukhoM se IrSyA, duHkhiyoM kI upekSA, zubhakarmoM se adveSa ora adharmiyoM ke prati rAga-dveSa Adi sabhI azubha bhAvanAoM evaM pravRttiyoM kA tyAga karatA hai| usake jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai, Atmazakti jAgRta hotI hai, zIla kA pAlana karane se mana kI samAdhi (zAnti) prakaTa hotI hai, vastu-tattva kA yathArtha bodha hotA hai aura amRta ke samAna jJAnAdi kA satya anubhUta hotA hai| adhyAtmayoga ke prakAra A0 haribhadrasUri ne dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI apekSA se adhyAtmayoga ko vividha prakAra kA batAyA hai| inake nAma haiM - japa, AtmasaMprekSaNa, devavandana, pratikramaNa, bhAvanAnucintana / adhyAtma ke ukta bhedoM kI A0 haribhadra ne anya vidvAnoM ke matAnukUla hI vyAkhyA kI hai| japa A0 haribhadra kA mata hai ki jo sAdhaka yoga-sAdhanA meM abhI praviSTa hI huA hai arthAt jisane yoga kA abhyAsa karanA prArambha hI kiyA hai, usakI dRSTi meM 'japa' hI adhyAtma hai| dUsare zabdoM meM adhyAtma kA prArambhika rUpa 'japa' hai| japa kI siddhi devatA ke anugraha se hotI hai| isa adhyAtmasthiti (japa) meM sAdhaka devastuti rUpa mantra kI sAdhanA karatA hai, jisase pAparUpI viSa kA nAza ho jAtA hai| japa 1. carame pudgalAvarte yato yaH zuklapAkSikaH / bhinnagranthizcaritrI ca, tasyaivaitadudAhRtam / / - yogabindu,72 guNasthAnoM kA vistRta vivecana ke lie dekheM prastuta grantha kA 'AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama' nAmaka pAMcavA~ adhyAya 3. (ka) aucityAd vratayuktasya vacanAt tattvacintanam |-yogbindu, 358 (kha) dezAdibhedatazcitramidaM coktaM mahAtmabhiH / atra pUrvodito yogo'dhyAtmAdiH saMpravartate / / - vahI, 357 From the view point of the stage of spiritual development only the souls in the fifth or some higher stage are capable of it. - Studies in jain philosophy, p. 298 sukhIyA duHkhitopekSAM puNyadveSamadharmiSu / rAgadveSau tyajannetA labdhvAdhyAtma smaashryet||-dvaatriNshdvaatriNshikaa, 18/7 tataH pApakSayaH sattvaM zIlaM jJAnaM ca zAzvatam / / tathAnubhavasaMsiddhamamRtaM hyada eva tu / / - yogabindu, 356 : dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 18/8 tattvacintanamadhyAtmamaucityAdiyutasya tu / uktaM vicitrametacca tathAvasthAdi-bhedataH / / - yogabindu, 380 AdikarmakamAzritya japo hyadhyAtmamucyate / devatAnugrahAMgatvAdato'yamabhidhIyate / / - vahI381 japaH sanmantraviSayaH sa cokto devatAstavaH / dRSTaH pApApahAro'smAda, viSApaharaNaM yathA / / - yogabindu. 382

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yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda 75 kI vidhi tathA upayukta sthAna Adi kA nirUpaNa bhI A0 haribhadra ne kiyA hai, jo prAyaH sabhI paramparAoM meM mAnya hai|' unhoMne yogabindu meM japa kI vidhi evaM samayAvadhi kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| Atma-saMprekSaNa (yogyatAMkana) ___ anya vidvAnoM ke anusAra apane aucitya-yogyatA-sAmarthya kA vicAra kara tadanusAra dharmavyApAra meM pravRtti karanA tathA usake dvArA AtmasaMprekSaNa (AtmA ke svarUpa kA bodha prApta karanA) bhI adhyAtma hai| sAdhaka apanI yogyatA kA aMkana tIna prakAra se kara saqatA hai : 1. yoga (kAyika, mAnasika, vAcika pravRtti) dvArA, 2. janApavAda (logoM meM apane saMbaMdha meM pracalita apavAdoM) dvArA tathA 3. AgamazAstroM meM varNita zakuna Adi cinhoM dvArA 3 devavandana deva Adi kA bhalI-bhAMti vaMdana karanA, yathAvidhi pratikramaNa karanA, maitrI, karuNA, pramoda, mAdhyasthya rUpa bhAvanAoM kA cintana karanA tIsarA adhyAtma hai|' pratikramaNa 'prati' upasargapUrvaka gamanArthaka 'kramu' dhAtu se pratikramaNa zabda banA hai| isakA artha hai - pratikUla pAdanikSepa arthAt sadoSa AcaraNa meM jitane Age bar3ha gaye the utane hI pIche haTa kara svasthAna para jaanaa| ataH pratikramaNa kA artha huA doSoM kA prAyazcitta (pazcAttApa) krnaa| A0 haribhadrasUri isI bAta ko anya zabdoM meM spaSTa karate hae likhate haiM ki niSiddha AcaraNoM kA sevana karane se sAdhanA meM jo doSa AtA hai, usakI bhAva-saMzuddhi kA parama hetu pratikramaNa hai| pratikramaNa kriyA karane ke lie prAtaHkAla aura sAyaMkAla kA samaya to nirdhArita hai hI, sAtha hI isako dainika choTI se choTI kriyA karane para tathA vizeSa avasaroM para bhI karane kA vidhAna zAstroM meM milatA hai| A0 haribhadrasUri ke mata meM pramAda ke kAraNa doSa utpanna hone para bhI sAdhaka ko dina meM do bAra prAtaH aura sAyaM to pratikramaNa karanA hI caahie| yadi doSa na bhI utpanna ho, to bhI pratikramaNa karanA cAhie, kyoMki isase jJAna, darzana, cAritra Adi AtmaguNoM kI vRddhi hotI hai| ise unhoMne tIsare vaidya kI auSadhi ke dRSTAMta se spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| 1. yogabindu, 383-387 2. svaucityAlocanaM samyak tato dharmapravartanam / AtmasaMprekSaNaM caiva tadaitadapare jaguH / / - vahI, 386 yogebhyo janavAdAcca liMgebhyo'tha yathAgamam / svaucityAlocanaM prAhuryogamArgakRtazramAH / / yogAH kAyAdikarmANi janavAdastu tatkathA / zakunAdIni liMgAni svaucityAlocanAspadam / / - vahI 360, 361 4. devAdivaMdanaM samyak pratikramaNameva ca / maitryAdicintanaM caitat sattvAdiSvapare jaguH / / - vahI, 367 5. pratIpaM kramaNaM pratikramaNaM ayamarthaH zubhayogebhyo'zubhAyogAntaraM krAntasya zubheSu evaM kramaNAtpratIpaM krmnnm| - yogazAstra, svo0 vR03/126. niSiddhAsevanAdi yada viSayo'sya prakIrtitaH / tadetad bhAvasaMzuddheH kAraNaM paramaM matam / / - yogabindu 401 Avazyakaniyukti, (niyuktisaMgraha) gA0 1245 pratikramaNamapyevaM sati doSe prabhAdataH / tRtIyauSadhakalpatvAd dvisandhyamathavA'sati / / - yogabindu, 400

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76 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 'pratikramaNa' kA jainazAstroM meM bahuta mahattva hai| isIlie samasta Avazyaka kriyA ko 'pratikramaNa' zabda se bhI kahA jAtA hai| vaise 'zramaNa' ke lie nirdhArita SaDAvazyakoM meM isakA ullekha milatA hai| 'pratikramaNa' Atmazuddhi tathA jIvana-zodhana kI zreSTha prakriyA hai, isalie A0 haribhadra ne isako adhyAtma ke aMga ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| bhAvanAnucintana __ maitrI, pramoda, kAruNya aura mAdhyasthya bhAvanAoM kA cintana-manana aura AcaraNa karane se adhyAtmayoga puSTa hotA hai| isalie inheM adhyAtmayoga ke anivArya aMga kahA gayA hai| inakA varNana Age kiyA gayA hai| 2. bhAvanAyoga jina kriyAoM, bhAvoM yA vicAroM se jIva bhAvita hotA hai, vaha bhAvanA hai| A0 haribhadra ke anusAra, adhyAtma kA punaH punaH abhyAsa - citana karanA bhAvanA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa mana kI sthiratA se 'bhAvanAyoga' prakaTa hotA hai| bhAvanA ke abhyAsa se rAgadveSAdi kSINa ho jAte haiN| spaSTa zabdoM meM, bhAvanA ke abhyAsa se kAma, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, IrSyA, Adi doSoM se yukta azubha bhAva nivRtta ho jAte haiM, tathA sadbhAvanAoM kI vRddhi hotI hai| jainAgamoM meM bhI bhAvanAyoga kI mahattA prakaTa kI gaI hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki jisakI AtmA bhAvanAyoga se zuddha ho jAtI hai, vaha saba duHkhoM se mukta ho jAtA hai|' bhAvanA ke aneka prakAra haiN| jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa aura vairAgyabheda se bhAvanA ke pAMca prakAra kahe gaye haiN| isake atirikta bhAvanA ke aneka aura vargIkaraNa bhI milate haiN| pAMca mahAvratoM kI paccIsa bhAvanAe~ haiN| dharma aura zukla dhyAna kI cAra-cAra (milita rUpa meM ATha) anuprekSAe~ (bhAvanAe~) haiN| ye donoM AgamakAlIna vargIkaraNa haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM eka vargIkaraNa bAraha bhAvanAoM kA" aura dUsarA vargIkaraNa cAra bhAvanAoM kA prApta hotA hai| jas zramaNasUtra, pR0 206-210 (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26/8-13 (kha) sAmAyike stave bhaktyA vandanAyAM pratikrame / pratyAkhyAne tanUtsarge vartamAnasya saMvaraH 11- yogasAraprAbhUta, 5/46 3. pAsaNAhacariyaM, devabhadra. 5/460 (ka) abhyAso'syaiva vijJeyaH pratyahaM vRddhisaMgataH / manaH samAdhisaMyuktaH paunaHpunyena bhAvanA / / - yogabindu. 360 (kha) abhyAso vRddhimAnasya bhAvanA buddhisaMgataH |-dvaatriNshdvaatriNshikaa, 18/6 asyAdhyAtmasya abhyAso'nuvartanaM bhAvanocyate 1- vahI. svo0 vR018/6 5. bhAvayante mumukSubhirabhyasyante niraMtarametA iti bhAvanAto rAgAdikSaya iti| - dharmabinduprakaraNa, 75 (ka) nivRttirazubhAbhyAsAd bhAvavRddhizca tatphalam / / -dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 18/6 (kha) pratipakSabhAvanopahatAH klezAstanavo bhavanti / - vyAsabhASya, pR0 170 bhAvaNAjoga suddhappA jale NAvA va AhiyA / nAvA va tIra saMpannA, savvadukkhA tiuTThai / / - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/15/5 (ka) pAsaNAhacariyaM. 5/460 (kha) jJAnadarzanacAritratapovairAgyabhedataH / iSyate paJcadhA ceyaM dRr3hasaMskArakAraNam / / - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 18/10 6. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 1/17 10. sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/1/247, pR0 127 11. tattvArthasUtra, 6/7 12. vahI. 7/6

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yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda 77 yoga ke saMdarbha meM maitrI, pramoda, kAruNya aura mAdhyasthya - ye cAra bhAvanAe~ bhAvanAyoga athavA adhyAtmayoga ke anivArya aMga haiN|' jainAgamoM meM bhI ina bhAvanAoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| Agamottara sAhitya me sarvaprathama tattvArthasUtrakAra umAsvAti ne inakA ullekha kiyA hai| pazcAtvartI anya jainAcAryoM ne bhI ina cAra bhAvanAoM kI carcA kI hai| prasiddha jaina yogAcAryoM meM hemacandra evaM zubhacandra ne dhyAna ko paripuSTa karane ke lie uparyukta cAra bhAvanAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| kyoMki ina cAroM bhAvanAoM kA yoga-sAdhanA se ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hai| jaba taka citta meM bhAvanA nahIM AtI, taba taka zAnta rasa kI pracuratA nahIM aatii| bhAvanAe~ cU~ki hRdaya para prabhAva DAlatI haiM isalie inako yoga-sAdhanA kA viziSTa evaM anivArya bhAga mAnA gayA hai| ina bhAvanAoM ke abhyAsa se sAdhaka samatvayoga kI sAdhanA karane meM samartha banatA hai, phira mAdhyasthya bhAvanA to spaSTarUpeNa samatvayoga kI sAdhanA hI hai| isI prakAra anya tInoM bhAvanAe~ adhyAtmayoga meM sahAyaka hotI haiN| isIkAraNa, ina cAroM bhAvanAoM kA yoga-bhAvanA ke rUpa meM vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| zAstroM meM kahA gayA hai ki uparyukta bhAvanAe~ vivekazIla, gambhIra-cetA tathA sanmArgAnugAmI puruSoM ke citta meM vizeSa rUpa se udbhAvita hotI haiN| vaise AgamoM meM bhAvanA ke lie aNuvekkhA (anuprekSA) zabda kA prayoga huA hai jisakA artha hai bAra bAra dekhanA, cintana-manana aura abhyAsa karanA / zAstroM meM bAraha anuprekSAoM kA bhAvanA rUpa meM bhI vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM yoga ke saMdarbha meM maitrI, karuNA, muditA ora upekSA - ina cAra bhAvanAoM kA vizada varNana huA hai jinakI vyAkhyA haribhadra ke SoDazaka meM bhI dekhane ko milatI hai|11 3. dhyAnayoga bhAvanAyoga kA abhyAsa karate-karate sUkSma upayoga pUrvaka kisI zubha Alambana para manovRtti ko sthira karanA 'dhyAna' hai| yaha dhyAna dIpaka kI lau ke samAna jyortimaya hotA hai aura usa sthiratA meM sUkSma 1. maitrI pramoda kAruNya-mAdhyasthyaparicintanamA sattvaguNAdhikaklizyamAnAprajJApyagocaram / / - yogabindu, 402 AvazyakasUtra, 4: uttarAdhyayanasUtra. 16/2; sUtrakRtrAMgasUtra, 1/15/13, 1/6/33, 1/1/4/2: AcArAMgasUtra, 1/4/3 maitrI pramodakAruNyamAdhyasthAni sattvaguNadhikaklizyamAnA'vineyeSu / - tattvArthasUtra, 7/6 amitagati zrAvakAcAra, gA01; adhyAtmakalpadruma, gA0 11 5. (ka) maitrIpramodakAruNya mAdhyasthAni niyojayet / dharmadhyAnamupaskartu, taddhi tasya rasAyanam / / - yogazAstra, 4/117 (kha) catastro bhAvanA dhanyAH purANapuruSAzritAH / maitryAdayazciraM citte vidheyA dharmasiddhaye / / - jJAnArNava, 25/4 6. jainayoga : siddhAnta aura sAdhanA, pR0 226 7. vivekino vizeSeNabhavatyetad yathAgamam / tathA gambhIracittasya samyagmArgAnusAriNaH / / - yogabindu, 403 draSTavya : bhAvanAyoga - eka vizleSaNa, pR0 13-15 prazamaratiprakaraNa, 146-150; dhyAnazataka, 2, 10. maitrIkaruNAmuditopekSANAM sukhaduHkhapuNyApuNyaviSayANAM bhaavnaatshcittprsaadnm| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/33 11. (ka) parahitaciMtA maitrI, paraduHkhavinAzinI tathA krunnaa| parasukhatuSTirmuditA, prdossopekssnnmupekssaa|| - SoDazaka, 4/15 (kha) maitrI parasmin hitadhIH samagre, bhavetpramodo guNapakSapAtaH / kRpA bhavArte pratikartumIhopekSaiva mAdhyasthyamavAryadoSe / / - adhyAtmakalpadruma, 1/11

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78 . pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana AtmA kA upayoga bhI sAtha hI hotA hai| jainagranthoM ke anusAra ekAgraciMtAnirodha 'dhyAna' hai| vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM ekAgratA aura cintAnirodha - do dhyAna haiM, jinameM cintAnirodha dhyAna ucca sopAna se sambaddha hai| - sAmAnyataH citta ko kisI viSaya para kendrita karanA 'dhyAna' hai| tattvArthasUtra meM likhA gayA hai ki antarmuhUrta paryanta uttama saMhanana karane vAle jIva kI eka hI viSaya para sarvathA dhyeya viSaya meM ekAkAravRtti kA pravAhita honA 'dhyAna' hai| maharSi pataJjali ne bhI dhyeya meM citta kI ekatAnatA ko 'dhyAna' kahA hai| dhyAnayoga meM AtmA meM eka viSaya meM ekAgratA itanI bar3ha jAtI hai ki bAda meM usase pRthak anya viSaya para vicAra nahIM hotA tathA bodha bahuta unnata ho jAtA hai| A0 haribhadra va upA0 yazovijaya kA mantavya hai ki cittagata kheda, udvega, bhrama, utthAna, kSepa, AsaMga, anyamuda tathA rug (roga, pIr3A) ina ATha doSoM kA tyAga karane para hI dhyAnayoga kI prApti hotI hai anyathA nhiiN| dhyAnayoga AtmA ke yathArtha svarUpa ko prakaTa karane kA prabalatama sAdhana hai| isase jagat ke samasta ho jAte haiM aura citta meM sthiratA AtI hai| saMsAra se saMbaMdha-viccheda ho jAtA hai tathA AtmA meM sUrya ke samAna teja va zakti prakaTa hotI hai| 4. samatAyoga ___vyavahArika dRSTi se avidyA dvArA kalpita iSTa evaM aniSTa vastuoM ke prati athavA zubhAzubha pariNAmoM ke prati taTasthatA rakhanA 'samatA hai| AgamoM ke anusAra zatru va mitra, maNi va patthara tathA suvarNa aura miTTI meM rAga-dveSa ke utpanna na hone ko 'samatA' kahA gayA hai| A0 hemacandra ne rAgadveSa Adi hetuoM OM *. 1. (ka) zubhaikAlambanaM cittaM dhyAnamAhurmanISiNaH / sthirapradIpasadRzaM sUkSmAbhogasamanvitam / / - yogabindu, 362. (kha) upayoge vijAtIyapratyayAvyavadhAnabhAk | zubhaikapratyayo dhyAnaM, sUkSmAbhogasamanvitam ||-dvaatriNshddvaatriNshikaa, 18/11 (ga) tulanA : nivvAyasarayaNappadIpajjhANamiva niSpakampe | - praznavyAkaraNa, saMvaradvAra, 5 draSTavya : tattvArthasUtra, 6/21 para paM0 sukhalAla jI kI TippaNI / 3. Avazyakaniyukti, 1477; dhyAnazataka, 2 uttamasaMhananasyaikAgracintAnirodho dhyAnam, aamuhuurtaat| - tattvArthasUtra, 6/27-28 tatra pratyayaikatAnatA dhyaanm| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 3/2 (ka) aSTapRthagjanacittatyAgAdyogikulacittayogen / jinarUpaM dhyAtavyaM yogavidhAvanyathAdoSaH / / khedodvegakSepotthAnabhrAntyanyamudrugAsaMgaiH / yuktAni hi cittAni prabandhato varjayenmatimAn / / - SoDazaka, 14/2.3 (kha) khedodvegabhramotthAnakSepAsaMgAnyamudrujAm / / tyAgAdaSTapRthak cittadoSANAmanubandhyadaH / / - dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 18/12 (ka) vazitA caiva sarvatra, bhAvastaimityameva ca / anubandhavyavaccheda, udarko'syeti tadakdiH / / - yogabindu, 363 (kha) vazitA caiva sarvataH bhAvastaimityameva ca / / anubandhavyavacchedazceti dhyAnaphalaM viduH ||-dvaatriNshddvaatriNshikaa, 18/21 (ka) avidyAkalpiteSUccairiSTAniSTeSu vastuSu / saMjJAnAt tadvyudAsena, samatA samatocyate / / - yogabindu, 364 vyavahArakudRSTyoccariSTAniSTeSu vastuSu / kalpiteSu vivekena tattvadhI. samatocyate / / - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 18/22 (ka) sattu-mitta-maNi pAhANa-maTTiyAsu rAgadosAbhAvo smudaannaam| - dhavalA. pustaka 8, pR0 84 (kha) bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayA TIkA, 78 (ga) mUlAcAra, 1/22 (gha) AcArAMgasUtra, 1/34 ni

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yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda 79 meM mAdhyasthyavRti ko 'samatA' kahA hai| samatA arthAta mAdhyastha bhAva Ane se mana kA udvega naSTa ho jAtA hai| dhyAnayoga aura samatAyoga meM anyo'nyAzraya saMbaMdha hai kyoMki dhyAna ke binA samatAyoga sambhava nahIM hotA aura samatA ke binA dhyAnayoga saMbhava nhiiN| ataH dhyAnayoga ko sAdhane ke lie samatAyoga kI pUrNa AvazyakatA hai| samatAyoga meM jo prANI AcaraNa karatA hai, usako aneka labdhiyA~ prApta hotI haiN| phira sAdhaka kI tattva buddhi itanI sthira ho jAtI hai ki vaha una labdhiyoM arthAt asAdhAraNa zaktiyoM kA kabhI upayoga nahIM karatA, vaha unako sthUla jAnakara unameM lobha nahIM krtaa| isa yoga meM sUkSmakarmoM kA bhI kSaya ho jAtA hai, usase viziSTa cAritra jaise, 'yathAkhyAtacAritra' aura 'kevalajJAnadarzana' ko AvRtta karane vAle karmo kA nAza ho jAtA hai| sAdhaka ko saMsAra se kisI bhI prakAra kA sukha milane kI apekSA nahIM rahatI arthAt usakA saMsAra se saMbaMdha viccheda ho jAtA hai| saMkSepa meM samatAyoga ke tIna phala batAye gaye haiM - labdhiyoM kA apravartana, sUkSmakarmoM kA kSaya aura apekSA taMtuoM kA vicched| 5. vRttisaMkSayayoga 'vRttisaMkSaya' A0 haribhadrasUri dvArA nirUpita yogoM meM antima hai| samyagdarzana aura jJAna se yukta adhyAtmayoga ke sAdhaka ko anukrama meM bhAvanAyoga, dhyAnayoga aura samatAyoga kI prApti hotI hai| bhAvanAdi tInoM yogoM ke abhyAsa se vRttisaMkSayayoga siddha hotA hai| AtmA aura karma ke saMyoga kI anAdikAlIna yogyatA kA saMkSaya (nirmUla nAza) honA vRttisaMkSaya hai| AtmA kI sUkSma va sthUla sabhI ceSTAoM ko 'vRttiyA~ kahA jAtA hai| ye vRttiyA~ Atmetara/vijAtIya padArthoM tathA anAdi azubhavRttiyoM arthAt karmabandha kI yogyatA rUpa anyAnya hetuoM ke saMyoga se utpanna hotI haiM, isalie inheM yogyatA (vRttiyA~) kahA jAtA hai| ataH AtmA kI sthUla-sUkSma ceSTAoM aura unake hetubhUta karmasaMyoga kI yogyatA ke apagama arthAt hAsa ko vRttisaMkSaya' kahate haiN| yaha 'vRttisaMkSaya' granthibheda se Arambha hokara ayogakevalI nAmaka caudahaveM guNasthAna meM samApta hotA hai| A0 haribhadrasUri 'vRttisakSayayoga' kA svarUpa prastuta karate hue likhate haiM ki AtmA meM mana aura zarIra ke saMyoga se utpanna hone vAlI vikalparUpa tathA ceSTArUpa vRttiyoM kA 1. sagatA rAgadveSahetuSu mdhysthtaa| - yogazAstrama, svopajJavivaraNa 3/82 pR0 2. tAnevArthAn dviSatastAnevArthAn pralIyamAnasya / nizcayato nAniSTa na vidyate kiMcidiSTa vA / / - uddhRt : dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 18/22 svo010 vinaitayA na hi dhyAnaM dhyAneneyaM vinA ca na / tataH pravattacakraM syAdadvayamanyo'nyakAraNAta ||-dvaatriNshddvaatriNshikaa, 18/23 (ka) Rddhayapravartana caiva suukssmkrmkssystthaa| apekSAtantuvicchedaH phalamasyAH pracakSate / / - dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 18/24; yogabindu. 365 (kha) RddhiinaamaamrssaaNssdhyaadiinaamupjiivnenaaprvrtnmvyaapaarnnN| sUkSmANAM kevalajJAnadarzanayathAkhyAtacAritrAdyAvarakANAM karmaNA kSaya / tatheti smuccye| apekSaiva bandhanahetutvAttantustadvayavacchedaH phalamasyAH samatAyAH pracakSate vicakSaNAH / __ - dvAtriMzadavAtriMzikA, 18/24 svo010 bhAvanAditrayAbhyAsAda varNito vRttisaMkSayaH / / sa cAtmakarmasaMyogayogyatApagamo'rthataH / / - yogabindu, 405 sthUlasUkSmA yatazceSTA Atmano vRttayo matAH / anyasaMyogajAzcaitA yogyatA bIjamasya tu / / - vahI, 406 vRttikSayo hi AtmanaH karmasaMyogayogyatApagamaH, sthUlasUkSmA hyAtmanazceSTAvRttayaH tAsAM mUlahetuH karmasaMyogayogyatA... | - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/18 para yazo0 vR0 sA cAkaraNaniyamena granthibhede utkRSTamohanIyabandhavyavacchedena tattadguNasthAne tattatprakRtyAtyantikabandha vyavacchedasya hetunA kramazo nivartate / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/18 para yazo0 vR0

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80 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana apunarbhAva rUpa se jo nirodha hotA hai vaha vRttisaMkSaya hai| unakA kahanA hai ki AtmA svabhAva se hI nistaraMga sAgara ke samAna nizcala hai| jaise vAyu ke samparka se usameM taraMgeM uThane lagatI haiM, vaise hI mana aura zarIra rUpa vAyu ke saMyoga se AtmA meM saMkalpa-vikalpa aura parispanda jaisI aneka prakAra kI ceSTArUpa vRttiyA~ uThane lagatI haiN| inameM vikalpa rUpa vRttiyoM kA udaya manodravya ke saMyoga se hotA hai aura ceSTArUpa vRttiyoM kI utpatti zarIra ke saMbaMdha se hotI hai| ina vikalpa aura ceSTArUpa vRttiyoM kA nirmUla nAza hI 'vRttisaMkSayayoga' hai| yaha " ttisaMkSayayoga' sAdhaka ko kevalajJAna kI prApti ke samaya aura ayogakevalI kI sthiti meM upalabdha hotA hai| yadyapi vRttinirodha uccatara dhyAna Adi kI avasthA meM bhI hotA hai, kintu sampUrNa vRttiyoM kA nirodha to "vRttisaMkSayayoga' meM hI saMbhava hai| 'vRttisaMkSaya' yoga se sAdhaka ko kaivalya, zailezI avasthA tathA nirbAdha AnandadAyaka, paramAnandamaya mokSa-pada kI prApti hotI hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra 13veM guNasthAna meM kaivalya kI prApti hotI hai jisameM, vikalpa rUpa vRttiyA~ nirmUla ho jAtI haiM, aura 14veM guNasthAna meM zailezIkaraNa tathA mokSa kI prApti hotI hai, jahA~ avaziSTa ceSTArUpa vRttiyoM kA Atyantika kSaya ho jAtA hai| uparyukta donoM avasthAoM ko jaina paribhASA meM kramazaH 'sayogakevali' tathA 'ayogakevali' nAma diyA gayA hai| ukta donoM avasthAoM ko jainetara paribhASA meM kramazaH 'jIvanmukti' aura 'videhamukti' kahA jAtA hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki "vRttisaMkSayayoga' AdhyAtmika utkrAnti kI parAkASThA hai, arthAt mokSa ke prati sAkSAt kAraNa hai, isalie ise pradhAnayoga samajhanA caahiye| adhyAtma Adi pUrvavartI cAra yoga cU~ki pradhAna yoga vRttisaMkSaya ke kAraNa haiM, isalie yoga kahe jAte haiN| uparyukta pAMcoM prakAra ke yoga, sAdhaka ke AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama ko sUcita karate haiN| A0 haribhadrasUri svayaM isa bAta ko svIkAra karate haiN| unake kathanAnusAra sAdhaka ina pAMcoM prakAra ke yogoM ko kramazaH prApta karatA huA 'kevalajJAna' prApta karatA hai| adhyAtmAdi tIna yogoM kA pAlana karane se sAdhaka ke bhAvoM aura cAritra kI zuddhi hotI hai, jisase sAdhaka ke AyuSyakarma samApta ho jAte haiM aura vaha 'samatA' nAmaka caturtha yoga ko prApta karatA hai| 'samatAyoga' meM sAdhaka kSapaka zreNI para ArUr3ha hotA hai| tatpazcAt use alpakAla meM hI 'kevalajJAna' kI prApti hotI hai, jo 'vRttisaMkSaya' nAmaka yoga kI prathama upalabdhi hai| 2. 1. (ka) anyasaMyogavRttInAM, yo nirodhastathA tthaa| apunarbhAvarUpeNa sa tu tatsaMkSayo mataH / / - yogabindu, 366 (kha) vikalpaspandarUpANAM vRttInAmanyajanmanAm / apunarbhAvato rodhaH procyate vRttisaMkSayaH ||-dvAtriMzadavAtriMzikA, 18/25 iha svabhAvata eva nistaraMgamahodadhikalpasyAtmano vikalparUpAH parispandarUpAzca vRttayaH sarvA anyasaMyoganimittA eva / tatra vikalparUpAstathAvidhamanodravyasaMyogAt parispandanarUpAzca shriiraaditi| tato'nyasaMyoge yA vRttayaH tAsAM yo nirodhaH tathA tathA kevalajJAnalAbhakAle'yogikevalikAle ca apunarbhAvarUpeNapunarbhavanaparihArarUpeNa sa tu-sa punaH / tatsaMkSayo vRttisaMkSayo mata iti / - yogabindu, gA0 366 para svo0 vR0 (ka) ato'pi kevalajJAnaM zailezIsaMparigrahaH / / mokSaprAptiranAbAdhA sadAnandavidhAyinI / / - yogabindu, 367 (kha) kevalajJAnalAbhazca zailezIsaMparigraha: / mokSaprAptiranAbAdhA phalamasya prakIrtitam / / -dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 18/26 jJAnArNava, 36/51-53 paMcasaMgraha (saMskRta). 1/46-50 evamAsAdya caramaM janmAjanmatvakAraNam / zreNimApya tataH kSipraM kevalaM labhate kramAt / / - yogabindu, 420 OM OM

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yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda 81 A0 haribhadrasUri ne apanI samanvayavAdI dRSTi kA paricaya dete hue ukta pAMca yoga-bhedoM kI tulanA pAtaJjalayogadarzana sammata samprajJAta aura asamprajJAtayoga ke sAtha kI hai| unake matAnusAra samprajJAtasamAdhi, jisameM rAjasa evaM tAmasa vRttiyoM kA sarvathA nirodha hokara kevala sattvapradhAna prajJAprakarSa/utkRSTa jJAna rUpa vRtti kA udaya hotA hai, adhyAtma Adi cAra bhedoM meM samAviSTa mAnI gaI hai, tathA asamprajJAtasamAdhi, jisameM sampUrNa vRttiyoM kA kSaya hokara AtmasvarUpa kI prApti hotI hai, vRttisaMkSayayoga ke samAnAntara kahI gaI hai|' pAtaJjalayoga sammata asamprajJAtasamAdhi jainamatAnusAra sayogakevali va ayogakevali nAmaka donoM avasthAoM kA pratinidhitva karatI hai| inameM se prathama sayogakevali kI sthiti rAgAtmaka vikalpa rUpa manovRttiyoM aura unake kAraNabhUta jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM ke udaya ke nirodha se utpanna hotI hai, aura dUsarI ayogakevali kI sthiti saMpUrNa ceSTArUpa vRttiyoM aura unake kAraNabhUta audArikAdi zarIroM ke kSaya se prApta hotI hai| pahalI avasthA meM kaivalya aura dUsarI avasthA meM nirvANa-pada kI prApti hotI hai| upA0 yazovijaya jI ne apane dvAtrizadvAtrizikA nAmaka grantha (yogAvatAra dvAtrizikA) meM A0 haribhadra kA anusaraNa karate hue adhyAtma Adi pAMca bhedoM meM se prArambhika cAra bhedoM meM samprajJAtasamAdhi aura 'vRttisaMkSaya' nAmaka antima yoga meM asamprajJAtasamAdhi ko ghaTita kiyA hai| kintu pAtaJjalayogasUtra para vRtti likhate samaya unhoMne asamprajJAta kI bhAMti samprajJAtasamAdhi ko bhI vRttisaMkSaya nAmaka pAMcaveM bheda meM antarbhUta kara diyA hai| isameM unhoMne vRttisaMkSaya ke artha ko yogabindu meM kiye gaye artha kI apekSA adhika vyApakatA pradAna kara isake kSetra ko caturtha guNasthAna se 14veM guNasthAna taka vistRta kiyA hai| sAtha hI 12veM guNasthAna taka prApta hone vAle pRthaktvavitarka-vicAra aura ekatvavitarka-avicAra nAmaka do zukladhyAnoM meM asamprajJAtayoga ko antarbhukta kiyA hai, jo pAtaJjala yogazAstra meM varNita cAra samApattiyoM ke sAtha tulanA karane para ucita baiThatA hai| asamprajJAtayoga kA antarbhAva kevalajJAna kI prApti se lekara nirvANa prApti taka arthAt 13veM aura 14veM guNasthAna meM ho jAtA hai| ina donoM guNasthAnoM meM jJAnAvaraNAdi cAroM ghAti karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya ho jAne se utpanna kaivalya avasthA meM karmasaMyoga kI yogyatA aura usameM utpanna hone vAlI ceSTArUpa vRttiyoM kA samUla nAza ho jAtA hai| yahI sarvavRttinirodha rUpa asamprajJAtayoga hai| asamprajJAtayoga ko 'saMskArazeSa' kahA gayA hai, kyoMki 13veM guNasthAna meM bhavopagrAhI arthAt aghAtI karmoM kA sambandha mAtra zeSa raha jAtA hai| yahI saMskAra hai| usI kI apekSA se asaMprajJAtayoga ko saMskAra. zeSa kahA gayA hai| isa avasthA meM matijJAna ke bhedarUpa saMskAra samUla naSTa ho jAte haiM, arthAt vahA~ vRtti rUpa bhAvamana nahIM rhtaa| mana ke dvArA vicAra to kevala mati aura zrutajJAna meM hI kiyA jAtA hai| zeSa 1. sagAdhireSa evAnyaiH saMprajJAto'bhidhIyate / samyakaprakarSarUpeNa vRtyrthjnyaantstthaa|| asaMprajJAta eSo'pi samAdhirgIyate paraiH / niruddhAzeSavRttyAditatsvarUpAnuvedhataH / / -yogabindu. 416. 421 iha ca dvidhA'saMprajJAtasamAdhiH, sayogikevalikAlabhAvI ayogikevalikAlabhAvI c| tatrAdyo manovRttInAM vikalpajJAnarUpANAM tadabIjasya jJAnAvaraNAdyudayarUpasyanirodhAdutpadyate. dvitIyastu sakalAzeSakAyAdi vRttInAM tabIjAnAmaudArikAdizarIrarUpANAgatya-tocchedAt smpdyte| - vahI, svo00, gA0421 dvividho'pyaya adhyAtmabhAvanAdhyAnasamatAvRttisaMkSayabhedene paMcadhoktasya yogasya pNcmbhede'vtrti| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra 1/18 para yazovijayavRtti pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/21-44 (ka) virAgapratyayAbhyAsapUrvaH sNskaarshesso'nyH| - vahI. 1/18 / (kha) sarvavRttipratyastamaye saMskArazeSonirodhazcittasya smaadhirsNprjnyaatH| - vyAsabhASya, pR064 6. saMskArazeSatvaM cAtra bhavopagrAhikAzarUpasaskArApekSayA vyaakhyeym| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, yazo0 vR0.1/18

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82 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana tInoM (avadhi, manaHparyAya, aura kevala) jJAnoM meM mana kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| 14veM guNasthAna meM mana, vacana aura kAyika pravRttiyoM ke niruddha ho jAne se zailezIkaraNa evaM mokSapada kI prApti hotI hai| sarvavRttinirodha rUpa asamprajJAtasamAdhi kI carama pariNati yahI hai| isa prakAra vRttisaMkSaya kI isa vyApaka vyAkhyA meM yoga ke samasta prakAroM kA samAveza kiyA jAnA varNanazailI evaM saMketazailI kI vibhinnatA ko hI sUcita karatA hai, vastutaH inameM koI bheda nahIM hai| (ca) tAttvikAdi SaDvidha bheda : A0 haribhadra ne anya dRSTi se yoga ke cha: bheda bhI kiye haiN| ye haiM - tAtvika, atAttvika, sAnubandha, niranubandha, sAsrava aura anAyava / inakA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai - tAttvika aura atAttvikayoga __ tAttvikayoga yathArthataH pAramArthikayoga haiN| jisameM samyak jJAnapUrvaka sudeva, suguru, sudharma para zraddhA kI jAtI hai, jIva, ajIvAdi tattvoM ke svarUpa kA yathArtha bodha hotA hai aura mokSa sukha kI ekamAtra icchA hotI hai, vaha 'tAttvikayoga hai| saMkSepa meM yathAvidhi pAramArthika rUpa meM yoga kA anusaraNa karanA 'tAttvikayoga' hai| sudeva, suguru va sudharma kI zraddhA se rahita lokAnuraMjanArtha aupacArika rUpa se jisa yoga kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai vaha 'atAttvikayoga' hai|' sAnubandha aura nirnubndhyog| lakSya ko svAyatta karane tathA avicchinna gati se calane vAlA yoga 'sAnubandha hotA hai| vidvAn loga ise atAttvika hI mAnate haiM, kyoMki AtmA saMsAra meM bhramaNa karate hue aneka prakAra ke duHkhoM kA anubhava karatA hai aura puNyavAn jIvAtmAoM ke bhoga-vilAsa ko dekhakara una bhogoM ko prApta karane ke lie tar3apatA huA tApa, zIta, DaMsa Adi pariSahoM ko sahana karatA hai| upavAsa Adi karatA hai| isaprakAra akAmanirjarA ke dvArA puNyabandha se devatva, rAjya tathA aneka bhoga-sAmagrI prApta karatA hai, parantu saMsAra meM atyanta Asakti hone se usa yoga kA sAnabandha karma anabaMdha rUpa atAttvikayoga hai, jise dIrgha saMsAra kA kAraNa samajhanA caahie| jisa yoga meM sAdhaka kI sAdhanA meM bIca-bIca meM viccheda yA gatirodha hotA rahatA hai, vaha niranubandhayoga hai| samyagdarzana-jJAnarUpa tattva kI yathArthatA ko jAnakara saccaritra ke dvArA yathAzakti apramAda bhAva se dhyAna-samAdhi meM sthiratA prApta karane se dIrghakAla taka saMsAra kA baMdha nahIM hotaa| alpabhavI arthAt do yA tIna bhava meM mokSa kI ora gamana karane vAlA yoga 'niranubaMdhayoga' kahalAtA hai| sAmrava aura anAsavayoga pravRtti rUpa yoga 'sAsravayoga' hai aura nivRtti rUpa yoga 'anAsavayoga' hai| jo saMsAra ko dIrgha banAtA 1. tAttviko'tAttvikazcAyaM sAnubandhastathA'paraH / sAsravo'nAsravazceti saMjJAbhedena kIrtitaH / / - yogabindu. 32 yogabindu, gA0 33 para svo0 vR0 tAttviko bhUta eva syAdanyo lokvypekssyaa| - yogabindu, gA0 33 para svo0 0 acchinnaH sAnubandhastu chedavAnaparo mataH / / - yogabindu.33 5. yogabindu, (gujarAtI anuvAda) buddhisAgarasUri. pR0 82 lalitavistarA, pR065

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yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda 83 hai, janma-maraNa ke cakra ko bar3hAtA hai vaha 'sAmravayoga' hai, aura jo isa cakra ko rokatA hai vaha anAsravayoga' puNya-pApa rUpa jIvahiMsA se yukta yajJa-yAga karAne, Ahuti DAlane, bali dene Adi aneka prakAra ke pApAcaraNa jIvAtmA se saMbaMdha jor3akara AtmA ko dIrghatara saMsAra meM bhramaNa karAte haiM, isalie 'Asravayoga' kahalAte haiN| samyagdarzana sahita pAMca mahAvratoM ko dhAraNa kara apramAdayukta pAMca samiti, tIna gupti sahita dharmadhyAna tathA zukladhyAna meM pravRtti karane vAle yogI ko 'anAsravayoga' hotA hai| (cha) sthAnAdi paMcavidha yoga: yoga se abhiprAya mokSa ke kAraNabhUta AtmavyApAra se hai| haribhadrasUri ne sthAna, urNa, artha, Alambana aura anAlambana - ina pAMca vyApAroM ko AtmavyApAra meM parigaNita kara yoga ke pAMca bheda kiye haiN| upA0 yazovijaya ne jJAnasAra meM ukta paMcavidhayoga ko samasta AcAroM meM viziSTa mAnate hue UrNa ke sthAna para varNa tathA anAlambana ke sthAna para ekAgratA zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| mokSa ke kAraNa hone se hI inakI yogarUpatA siddha hotI hai| ukta pAMca vyApAroM meM prathama do kA saMbaMdha bAhyakriyA se hai tathA pazcAtavartI tIna kA sambandha jJAna yA cintana se hai, isIlie inheM karmayoga aura jJAnayoga ina do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara diyA gayA hai| karmayoga bAhya AdhyAtmika vyApAra hone se yoga kA 'bahiraMga sAdhana' hai aura jJAnayoga Antarika AdhyAtmika vyApAra hone se yoga kA 'aMtaraMga sAdhana' kahA jA sakatA hai| 1. sthAna __'sthAna' zabda se tAtparya sthita hone se hai| mokSa ke hetubhUta dharmavyApAroM meM 'Asana' kI viziSTa mahattA hai, kyoMki inako kriyAnvita karane ke lie zarIra kI sthiratA anivArya hai| maharSi pataJjali ke aSTAMgayoga meM tRtIya aMga Asana hai| jainayoga meM 'Asana' ke artha meM 'sthAna' zabda kA prayoga milatA hai|" Asana kA artha hai - 'baiThanA' / 'sthAna' kA artha hai - 'gati kI nivRtti' / sthiratA Asana kA mahatvapUrNa svarUpa hai| vaha khar3e hokara, baiThakara aura leTakara - tInoM prakAra se prApta kI jA sakatI hai| isa dRSTi se 'Asana' kI apekSA 'sthAna' se zabda adhika vyApaka hai| isIlie A0 haribhadrasUri ne 'Asana' kI apekSA 'sthAna' zabda kA upayoga karanA ucita smjhaa| yahA~ 'sthAna' zabda se tAtparya sthita hone se hai| isameM AsanAdi kriyAoM kA vidhAna hai| A0 haribhadra ne kisI AsanavizeSa athavA sthitivizeSa kA ullekha * 1. sAsravo dIrghasaMsArastato'nyo'nAsravaH paraH / / - yogabindu, 34 2. yogabindu, (guja0 anu0) pR082-83 (ka) mokkheNa joyaNAo jogo savvo vi dhmmvaavaaro| parisuddho vinneo ThANAigao viseseNaM / / ThANunnatthAlaMbaNarahio tantammi paMcahA eso | - yogaviMzikA, 1.2 (kha) sthAnorNAlaMbanatadanyayoga paribhAvanaM samyak / paratatyayojanamalaM yogAbhyAsa iti tattvavidaH / / - SoDazaka, 13/4 mokSeNa yojanAd yogaH sarve'pyAcAra iSyate / viziSyasthAnavarNArthAlambanaikAgrayagaucaraiH / / - jJAnasAra, 27/1 (ka) dugamitthakammajogo tahA tiyaM nANajogo u / / - yogaviMzikA, 2 (kha) karmayoga dvayaM tatra, jJAnayogaM trayaM viduH ||-jnyaansaar, 27/2 ymniymaasnpraannaayaamprtyaahaardhaarnnaadhyaansmaadhyo'ssttaavNgaani| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra. 2/26 (ka) titi tahiM teNa tthaannN| -AvazyakacUrNi, pR044 (kha) tiSThati svAdhyAya vyApRtA asminniti sthaanm| - vyavahArabhASya, 3 TI0 patra 54 8. sthIyate'neneti sthaanm| - yogaviMzikA, gA02 para yazovijaya vRtti *

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84 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana nahIM kiyaa| upA0 yazovijaya ne yogaviMzikA evaM SoDazaka kI vRtti meM kAyotsarga, paryaMkabandha evaM padmAsana Adi zAstraprasiddha AsanoM ko 'sthAna' zabda se abhipreta mAnA hai|' 2. UrNa UrNa, varNa yA zabda paryAyavAcI haiN| A0 haribhadra ne 'UrNa' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai aura upA0 yazovijaya ne 'varNa' zabda prayukta kiyA hai| pratyeka kriyA Adi ke samaya zAstravihita jo sUtra par3he jAte haiM, unheM UrNa, arthAt varNa yA zabda kahA jAtA hai| 3. artha ___ artha kA abhiprAya sUtrArtha ke jJAna se hai| Atmatattva ke gUr3ha rahasyoM ko samajhane ke lie zAstravihita sUtroM ke artha ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai| sUtra ke artha (zabda ke abhiprAya) ko jAne binA sUtroccAraNa kA koI mahatva nahIM hotaa| isalie A0 haribhadrasari ne 'artha' ko bhI mahatvapUrNa yoga-sAdhana mAnakara 'yoga' kI saMjJA dI hai| 4. Alambana jaba sAdhaka Asana, UrNa aura artha ke abhyAsa meM siddhahasta ho jAtA hai taba vaha dhyAna kA adhikArI, hotA hai| prArambhika avasthA meM sAdhaka ko dhyAna ke lie kisI pratIka kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| ataH vaha kisI tIrthaMkara kI mUrti arthAt bAhya pratimA Adi para pUrNa AsthA ke sAtha citta ko ekAgra karatA hai| bAhya pratimA Adi kA dhyAna karanA Alambana kahalAtA hai| Alambana do prakAra kA hotA hai - rUpI ora aruupii| parama arthAt mukta AtmA hI arUpI Alambana hai| usa arUpI Alambana ke guNoM kI bhAvanA rUpa jo dhyAna hai, vaha sUkSma (atIndriya viSayaka) hone se anAlambanayoga kahalAtA hai| upA0 yazovijaya ne ise nirAlambana nAma diyA hai| 5. anAlambana jaba sAdhaka tIrthaMkara kI pratimA Adi bAhya pratIka se dhyAna meM abhyasta ho jAtA hai, taba vaha tIrthaMkara ke Antarika guNoM para citta ko ekAgra karane kA abhyAsa karatA hai| mana kI yaha ekAgratA anAlambana kahalAtI hai, kyoMki dhyeya vastu kisI bhI indriya ke pratyakSagamya nahIM hai| upA0 yazovijaya ke zabdoM meM rUpI dravya ke Alambana se rahita jo zuddha caitanya mAtra kI samAdhi hai, vaha anAlambana hai| OM 1. sthAnaM AsanavizeSarUpaM kAyotsargaparyakabaMdhapadmAsanAdi sklshaastrprsiddhm| - yogaviMzikA, gA0 2 para yazovijaya vRtti 2. UrNaH zabdaH sa ca kriyaadaavuccaarymaannsuutrvrnnlkssnnH| - vahI arthaH shbdaabhidheyvyvsaayH| - vahI AlambanaM baahyprtimaadivissydhyaanm|- vhii| (ka) AlaMbaNa pi eyaM, rUvamarUpI ya ittha paramu tti / tagguNapariNairUvo, suhumo'NAlaMbaNo nAma || - yogaviMzikA, 16 (kha) SoDazaka. 14/1 jJAnasAra, 27/6 (ka) sUkSmo'tIndriyaviSayatvAdanAlambano nAma yogH| - yogaviMzikA, gA02 para yazo0 vR0 (kha) SoDazaka, 14/1 (1) The word analambana does not mean deviod of any alambana (object) but only devoid ofmeans 'abstract' or subtle (Suksma). - Studies in Jain Philosophy, p. 294. 8. 'rahitaH iti rUpidravyAlambanarahitonirvikalpacinmAtrasamAdhirUpa ityevaM.... | - yogabiMzikA, gA02 para razovijaya vRtti

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yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda 85. Alambanayoga ke adhikArI adhika se adhika chaThe guNasthAna vAle hote haiN| parantu anAlambanayoga ke adhikArI sAtaveM se 12veM guNasthAna taka ke svAmI hote haiN| saptama guNasthAna meM dhyAna apanI prArambhika avasthA meM hotA hai| isa avasthA meM AtmA apane yathArtha svarUpa kA anubhava karane ke lie bahuta utkaMThita hotA hai| ataH vaha abhyAsa karate-karate kSapaka zreNI para car3hakara AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke 8veM caraNa para pahu~ca jAtA hai| isa sthiti meM dhyAna apekSAkRta adhika sthira hotA hai| AtmA saMsAra se pUrNataH pRthak ho jAtA hai aura yathArtha svarUpa kA anubhava karane ke lie gaMbhIratApUrvaka Age bar3hatA hai| vaha taba taka vizrAma nahIM karatA, jaba taka use pUrNatA prApta nahIM ho jaatii| aise jIva kI sthiti 63 guNasthAna meM hotI hai| isa avasthA meM AtmA punaH kSapaka zreNI para ArUr3ha hokara 12veM guNasthAna meM pahu~cane ke lie prayatna karatA hai| 12veM guNasthAna meM pahuMcane para use utkRSTa jJAna kI prApti hotI hai| yaha vaha avasthA hai, jisameM AtmA amUrta viSayoM para dhyAna ekAgra karatA hai| abhI use amUrta viSayoM kA anubhava nahIM huA hotaa| parantu usameM una viSayoM kA anubhava karane kI tIvra AdhyAtmika icchA hotI hai| yahI anAlambanayoga hai| isa avasthA meM jIva meM Atma-anubhava kA prayatna jArI rahane se kisI bhI dhyeya kA dhyAna nahIM hotaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki dhyAna binA kisI Alambana ke hotA hai| A0 haribhadra evaM upA0 yazovijaya ne ukta avasthA meM sthita sAdhaka kI dhanurdhArI vyakti se, kSapaka zreNI kI dhanuSa se, Atma-anubhava kI dhyeya se aura dhyAna kI bANa se tulanA kI hai| jaba bANa ke chUTate hI lakSyavedha rUpa paramAtmatattva kA prakAza hotA hai, vaha avasthA anAlambanayoga kI caramasImA mAnI gaI hai| ukta paramAtmatattva kA prakAza hI kevalajJAna hai, jo anAlambanayoga kA phala hai| Atmatattva ke sAkSAtkAra se pUrva jaba taka usakI prabala AkAMkSA hotI hai, taba taka kA viziSTa prayatna nirAlambana dhyAna hai| parantu 'kevalajJAna' hone para Atmatattva ke sAkSAtkAra kI icchA na rahane se anAlambana dhyAna na ho, to bhI Atmatattva viSayaka kevalajJAna rUpa prakAza ko 'sAlambanayoga' kahA jA sakatA hai| kevali-avasthA prApta hone ke pazcAt jaba taka yoga-nirodha ke lie prayatna nahIM kiyA jAtA, taba taka kI sthiti ko eka prakAra kI vizrAnti mAtra kaha sakate haiM, dhyAna nahIM, kyoMki dhyAna vaha viziSTa prakriyA hai, jo 'kevalajJAna' ke pUrva yA yoganirodha ke samaya hotI hai| nirAlambana dhyAna ke siddha ho jAne para sAdhaka moha sAgara ko pAra kara letA hai| yahI kSapaka zreNI kI siddhi hai| kSapakazreNI se kevalajJAna kI prApti hotI hai| 'kevalajJAna' se kramazaH 'ayoga' nAmaka yoga tathA parama nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai| isa avasthA 1. (ka) sAmarthyayogato yA tatra didRkSetyasaMgazaktyAdayA / sAnAlambanayogaH proktastadarzanaM yAvat / / - SoDazaka, 15/8 (kha) SoDazaka, yazobhadravRtti evaM yazovijayavRtti 15/8 (ga) 'tatra' paratatve draSTumicchAdidRkSA 'iti' evaMsvarUpA-asaMgazaktyAnirabhiSvaMgAvicchannapravRttyA ATyA-pUrNA 'sA' paramAtmadarzanecchA anAlambanayogaH, paratattvasyAdarzana-anupalambhaM yAvat, paramAtmasvarUpadarzane tu kevalajJAnenAnAlambanayogo na bhavati, tasya tdaalmbntyaat| alabdhaparatattvastallAbhAya dhyAnarUpeNa pravRtto hynaalmbnyogH| - .yogaviMzikA, gA0 16 para yazo0 vR0 2. tatrApratiSThito'yaM yataH pravRttazca tattyatastatra / sarvottamAnujaH khalu tenAnAlambano gItaH / / - SoDazaka, 15/6 (ka) drAgasmAttadarzanamiSupAtajJAtamAtrato jJeyam / etacca kevalaM tajjJAnaM yattatparaM jyotiH / / - vahI, 15/10 (kha) yogaviMzikA, gA0 16 para yazo0 vR0 (ka) eyammi mohasAgarataraNaM seDhI ya kevalaM ceva / tatto ajogajogo, kameNa paramaM ca nivvANaM / / - yogaviMzikA, 20 (kha) yogaviMzikA, gA020 para yazovijayavRtti

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM avaziSTa vRttiyoM ke bIja rUpa sUkSma saMskAra bhI jala jAte haiN| ise hI pAtaJjalayoga meM 'dharmameghasamAdhi' kahA gayA hai| anya loga ise amatAtmA. bhavazatra, zivodaya, saccidAnanda Adi vizeSaNoM se vibhUSita karate haiN| yahI sarvotkRSTa nirvANa hai|' maharSi pataJjali ne jisa yoga (samAdhi) ko samprajJAta kahA hai vahI jaina zAstrAnusAra nirAlambana dhyAna hai| jaina paribhASA meM jo kevalajJAna' hai, vaha pAtaJjalayoga kI paribhASA meM 'asamprajJAtayoga' ke nAma se abhihita hai|2| __ mokSa ke sAdhanabhUta uparyukta sthAnAdi pAMca yogoM kA anuSThAna samyak darzana kI prApti hone para hI sambhava ho sakatA hai, kyoMki kriyArUpa athavA jJAnarUpa cAritra mohanIyakarma ke kSayopazama arthAta zithila hone para avazya prakaTa hotA hai| isIlie cAritrI ko hI yoga kA adhikArI mAnA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki A0 haribhadra ne yogabindu meM adhyAtma, bhAvanA, dhyAna, samatA aura vRttisaMkSaya rUpa pAMca yogoM kI prApti cAritra meM hI mAnI hai| upA0 yazovijaya ne adhyAtmAdi pAMca yogoM ko sthAnAdi pAMca yogoM meM samAviSTa kiyA hai| uparyukta paMcavidha yoga kI pAtaJjalayogasUtra se tulanA karane para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jainasammata 'sthAnayoga' maharSi pataJjali sammata tRtIya aMga 'Asana' hI hai| isakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki yaha sthAnayoga' Asana kI apekSA adhika vyApaka artha meM prayukta huA hai| sthAnAdi paMcavidha yoga ke bheda evaM upabheda ukta sthAnAdi yogoM kI siddhi jisa krama se hotI hai, tadanurUpa inameM se pratyeka ke cAra-cAra bheda kiye gaye haiN| sarvaprathama jIva meM ukta kriyAoM ke prati ruci jAgRta hotI hai| tatpazcAt vaha unameM kuzalatApUrvaka pravRtti karatA hai| abhyAsa karate karate unameM sthiratA prApta kara letA hai| aura anta meM una kriyAoM para use siddhi prApta ho jAtI hai| isI krama se A0 haribhadrasUri evaM upA0 yazovijaya ne sthAnAdi pratyeka yoga ke icchA, pravRtti, sthiratA aura siddhi Adi cAra-cAra bheda kiye haiN| jisa avasthA meM sthAna Adi yogoM kA abhyAsa karane meM rata sAdhakoM ko kathA sunakara prIti hotI ho tathA aisA ullAsa prakaTa ho, jisase vidhipUrvaka anuSThAna karane vAloM ke prati bahumAnapUrvaka vividha prakAra ke bhAva paidA hote hoM, vaha avasthA 'icchAyoga' hai| jisa avasthA meM vIryollAsa kI prabalatA hone se upazamabhAvapUrvaka sthAnAdi yogoM 1. (ka) dharmamegho'mRtAtmA ca bhavazakrazivodayaH / sattvAnandaH parazceti yojyo'traivArthayogataH / / - yogabindu, 422 (kha) 'tatazca' kevalajJAnalAbhAdanantaraM ca 'ayogayogaH' vRttibIjadAhAyogAkhyaH samAdhirbhavati, ayaM ca 'dharmameghaH' iti pAtaJjalairgIyate. amRtAtmA' ityanyaiH, 'bhavazatruH ityaparaiH, "zivodayaH' ityanyaiH 'sattvAnandaH ityekaiH, 'parazca' ityaparaiH / "krameNa' upadarzitapAramparyeNa tato'yogayogAta 'parama' sarvotkRSTaphalaM nirvANaM bhvti| - yogaviMzikA, 16, yazo0 vR0 2. tatazca 'kevalameva' kevalajJAnameva bhavati / ayaM cAsamprajJAtaH samAdhiriti parairgIyate. ... / vahI One reaches the consummation of these activities in the following order. At the outset one develops an interest in these activities, and comes to have a will for practising them. Then he takes an active part in them and begins actual practice. Gradually he becomes steadfast in them and achieves stability. Finally he gains mastery over the activities. Each of the five activities is mastered in this order. -- Studies in Jain Philosophy, p. 294. (ka) ikkikko ya cauddhA itthAM puNa tattao muNeyavyo / icchApavittithirasiddhi bheyao samayanII e || - yogaviMzikA, 4 (kha) kRpA nirvedasaMvegaprazamotpattikAriNaH / bhedAH prtyekmtrecchaa-prvRttisthirsiddhyH|| -jJAnasAra, 27/3 (ka) tajjuttakahApIIi saMgayA vipariNAmiNI icchA / savvatthuvasamasAraM, tappAlaNamo pavattI u / / - yogaviMzikA, 5 (kha) yogaviMzikA, gA03 para yazo0 vR0

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yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda 87 kA zAstrAnusAra abhyAsa kiyA jAye vaha 'pravRttiyoga' hai| jisa avasthA meM pravRttiyoga ke pAlana meM yoga ke bAdhaka kAraNoM kI cintA, bhaya na hoM, vaha 'sthiratAyoga hai| jisa avasthA meM sthAnAdi samasta anuSThAnayoga parahita sAdhaka banane lage, vaha siddhiyoga' hai| siddhiyoga' meM sthAnAdi yoga kA AcaraNa karane vAle sAdhaka apanI AtmA meM to zAMti utpanna karate hI haiM, sAtha hI usa AtmA ke saMsarga meM Ane vAle sAdhAraNa prANI bhI prabhAvita hote haiN| yadyapi icchA Adi cAroM yoga paraspara eka dUsare se bhinna haiM tathApi kSayopazama athavA yogyatA-bheda ke AdhAra para inameM se pratyeka ke asaMkhya prakAra mAne gaye haiN| sthAnAdi yogAMgoM meM pratyeka ke prIti, bhakti, vacana aura 'asaMga anuSThAna' Adi cAra vibhAga kiye gaye haiN| jo dharma-anuSThAna prIti-rAgapUrvaka kiyA jAtA hai, use 'prIti anuSThAna' kahate haiN| bhaktipUrvaka dhArmika kriyA karane para vaha bhakti anuSThAna' kahalAtA hai| zAstra athavA ziSTa puruSoM ke vacanAnusAra AcaraNa karanA 'vacana-anuSThAna' hai| nirantara abhyAsa dvArA candana kI gaMdha ke samAna sahajabhAva se satpuruSoM dvArA kI jAne vAlI kriyA asaMgAnuSThAna yA asaMgayoga haiN| inameM se prathama do anuSThAna prIti yA bhaktipUrvaka kiye jAne ke kAraNa laukika phala svarga kI prApti karAte haiM tathA antima do anuSThAna kisI nimitta ke binA karttavyabhAvapUrvaka kiye jAne se mokSa ke kAraNa haiN|" ___ saMkSepa meM sthAnAdi pAMca yogoM ke tAttvika dRSTi se pratyeka ke icchA, pravRtti Adi cAra-cAra bheda hone se yoga ke bIsa bheda hue| inameM se bhI pratyeka ke prIti anuSThAna, bhakti anuSThAna, AgamAnuSThAna aura asaMgAnuSThAna Adi cAra-cAra bheda hone se yoga ke 80 bheda banate haiN| ye sabhI mokSa ke kAraNabhUta sAdhana hone se yoga kahe gaye haiN| udAra evaM sUkSmadRSTisUcaka ukta yoga-bheda vivecana haribhadrasUri evaM upA0 yazovijaya ke atirikta anya kisI kI kRti meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| (ja) karmayoga aura jJAnayoga __ mokSa-prApti hetu kiye jAne vAle samasta vyApAroM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai - 1. karmayoga aura 2. jnyaanyog| karmayoga ke antargata sthAna evaM UrNa tathA jJAnayoga ke antargata artha, Alambana evaM 1. taha ceva eyabAhaga-ciMtArahiyaM thirataNaM neyaM / savyaM paratthasAhaga-rUvaM puNa hoI siddhi tti / / - yogaviMzikA, gA06 svasannihitAnAM sthAnAdiyogazuddhyabhAvavatAmapi tatsiddhividhAnadvArA paragatasvasadRzaphalasaMpAdaka punaH siddhirbhvti| ataeva siddhA'hiMsAnAM samIpe hiMsAzIlA api hiMsAM kartuM nAlam, siddhasatyAnAM ca samIpe'satyapriyA apyasatyamabhidhAtuM nAlam / - yogaviMzikA, gA06 para yazoM010 yogaviMzikA gA07 para yazovijayavRtti / (ka) ee ya cittarUyA, tahAkhaovasamajogao huMti / tassa u saddhApIyAijogao bhavvasattANaM / / -yogaviMzikA, 7 (kha) eyaM ca pIibhattAgamANugaM taha asaMgayAjuttaM / naiyaM caudhvihaM khalu, eso caramo havai jogo / / - vahI. 18 (ga) jJAnasAra, 27/7 (gha) adhyAtmopaniSad 3/41 (Da) SoDazaka, 10/10 SoDazaka, 10/3-8 prIti va bhakti meM antara hai| strI ko patnIvad mAnakara kiyA gayA anurAga prIti hai, aura mAtA mAnakara kiyA gayA anurAga bhakti hai| (draSTavya : SoDazaka 10/5 tathA yazovijayavRtti) SoDazaka, 10/6 (ka) karmajJAnAdi bhedena sa dvidhA tatra cAdimaH / - adhyAtmasAra,5/15/2 (kha) karmayogadvayaM tatra, jJAnayoga trayaM viduH| - jJAnasAra, 27/2 (ga) zAstravArtAsamuccaya para syAdavAdakalpalatA TIkA, vAM stabaka, zloka 7 (gha) dugamittha kammajogo, tahA tiyaM nANajogo u ||-yogviNshikaa.2 ja

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana anAlambana (ekAgratA), ina tIna yogoM ko antarbhUta kiyA gayA hai parantu adhyAtmasAra meM upA0 yazovijaya ne karmayoga ke antargata sAmAyika caturviMzatistava, guruvandana Adi SaDAvazyaka kriyAoM kA parigaNana kiyA hai| jJAnayoga ke antargata AtmA ke sadbhUta arthoM kA cintana samAviSTa hai| karmayoga kA sambandha bAhya kriyAoM se hai tathA jJAnayoga kA saMbaMdha Antarika cintana se / 'adhyAtmasAra' meM varNita inakA viSayAnukUla vivecana isa prakAra hai karmayoga 88 AvazyakAdi vihita dhArmika kriyA kA anuSThAna karmayoga hai| yaha yoga zArIrika ceSTAoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa karmAtmaka kahalAtA hai| sat meM pravRtti rUpa deha kA prazasta rAga yukta adhyavasAya puNyAtmaka hotA hai arthAt zubhakarma kA bandha karatA hai| AvazyakAdi kriyA para rAga (prIti) rakhane se aura bhagavadvacana para bahumAnabhAva ( bhaktibhAva) hone se karmayoga ko sAdhane vAlA sAdhaka svarga-sukha to prApta kara sakatA hai, parantu paramapada prApta nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki AvazyakAdi dharma para hone vAlA rAga mukhya rUpa se zubhakarma kA baMdha karatA hai, na ki viziSTa karmanirjarA / viziSTa karmanirjarA rAga bhAva se nahIM hotii| sarAgabhAva to zubhakarma kA baMdha karatA hai aura zubha karma-baMdha se svargAdisukha kI hI prApti hotI hai|' jJAnayoga AtmA ke viSaya meM eka pratIti hI jisakA lakSaNa hai, aisA zuddha tapa 'jJAnayoga' kahalAtA hai| vaha jJAnayoga indriya viSayoM se unmanI bhAva hone (udAsInatA kA anubhava karane) ke kAraNa mokSa ke sukha kA sAdhaka hai|" zuddha tapa se karmoM kI viziSTa nirjarA hotI hai| viziSTa nirjarA se mokSa prApta hotA hai / tapa ke dvArA karmoM kA AtmA se pRthaka honA 'nirjarA hai| sabhI karmoM kA niHzeSa pUrNakSaya 'mokSa' kahalAtA hai|" zuddha tapa ke dvArA karmoM kA kSaya kiyA jAtA hai| karmakSaya kA hetu hone se tapa ko bhI nirjarA kahA gayA hai|" jisa avasthA meM tapa se zuddha huI AtmA meM hI rati rakhanA arthAt Atma-sAkSAtkAra karanA ekamAtra 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. yogaviMzikA, 3 jJAnasAra, 27/1 adhyAtmasAra, 5/15/2 7. vahI 5/15/5 AvazyakAdivihitakriyA rUpaH prakIrtitaH / adhyAtmasAra, 5/15/2 zArIraspandakarmAtmA yadayaM puNyalakSaNam / " karmo'tanoti sadrAgAt karmayogastataH smRtaH / / vahI 5/15/3 (ka) AvazyakAdi rAgeNa vAtsalyAd bhagavadgirAm / prApnoti svargasaukhyAni na yAnti paramaM padam / / vahI 5/15/4 (kha) dhammeNa pariNadappA appA jadi suddhasaMpayogajudo / pAvadi NivvANasuhaM suhovajuto va saggasuhaM / pravacanasAra 1/11 (ga) pratibandhakaniSThaM tu svataH sundaramapyadaH / tatsthAnasthitikAryeva vIre gItamarAgavat / dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 21/10 jJAnayogastapaH zuddhamAtmaratyekalakSaNam / indriyArthonmanIbhAvAt sa mokSasukhasAdhakaH / / adhyAtmasAra, 5/15/5 zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 1/20, 21,96/22, 23: syAdavAdakalpalatA, 6/21 karmaNA vipAkatastapasA vA zATo nirjarA tattvArthabhASya haribhadravRtti, 1/4 10. kRtsnakarmakSayomokSaH / - tattvArthasUtra, 10 / 2 85. 6. / 11. jamhA nikAiyANa vi kammANa taveNa hoI nijjaraNaM / tamhA upadhArAo, tavo ihaM nijjarA bhaNiyA navatattvaprakaraNa 11 devaguptasUribhASya 10 / / - - -

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yoga kA svarUpa evaM bheda lakSya ho, vaha 'jJAnayoga' kahalAtA hai| yahI 'jJAnayoga' samasta karmoM kA kSaya karatA hai aura mokSa-sukha kA sAdhaka hai| DA0 dIkSita ke matAnusAra zubha tapa se haribhadra kA Azaya dharma athavA zubhakoTi ke jIvana vyApAra se hai| mokSa kA janaka siddha hone ke lie ina vyApAroM meM eka viziSTatA honI cAhiye arthAt ve phalakAmanA se rahita arthAt niSkAma bhAva se saMpAdita kiye jAne caahiye|' yaha vicAra pUrNataH Agama-sammata pratIta hotA hai| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki karmayoga svargAdi sukha kA tathA jJAnayoga mokSa-sukha kA dAtA hai| jo sAdhu apramatta hote haiM unake lie AvazyakAdi kriyAe~ karane kA koI pratibandha nahIM hai kyoMki unake jIvana meM avicAroM (doSoM) kA abhAva hotA hai| apane dhyAna meM virodha na Aye isaprakAra ve ukta kriyAoM ko karate bhI haiM, kyoMki unake lie ukta kriyAoM kA sarvathA niSedha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| gItA meM kahA gayA hai ki jo mumukSu AtmasvarUpa meM hI ramaNa karatA hai, AtmA meM hI tRpta rahatA hai, AtmA meM hI santoSa anubhava karatA hai, usake lie kucha bhI karaNIya nahIM hai| jJAnayogI bhikSAcaryA Adi jo kriyAe~ karatA hai vaha kevala zarIra nirvAhArtha hotI haiM kyoMki zarIra ke binA dharma-sAdhanA nahIM ho sakatI aura zarIra AhArAdi ke binA Tika nahIM sktaa| yadyapi jJAnayogI kI bhikSATana Adi kriyAe~ deha se hI hotI haiM, parantu anAsakta bhAvanA ke kAraNa unameM AtmA kA koI sarAga prayatna nahIM hotaa| isalie ve kriyAe~ sAdhaka ke ucca dhyAna meM kisI bhI prakAra vighAtaka nahIM hotii| jaise ratnoM kI parIkSA kA prazikSaNa lete samaya jo dRSTi hotI hai, vaha ratnoM kI parIkSA ke samaya kI dRSTi se bhinna hotI hai, kyoMki donoM ke phala meM antara hotA hai| usI prakAra, jJAnI kI AcAra-kriyA meM bhI antara hotA hai| ataH sabhI viSayoM se mana ko haTAkara dhyAnArtha kI jAne vAlI kriyA prArabdha janma ke saMkalpa se hotI hai, jisakA phala AtmalAbha hotA hai| jJAna aura kriyA donoM milakara mokSa ke hetu banate haiN| jJAna kA mahattva tabhI saMbhava hotA hai, jaba usake anurUpa AcaraNa kiyA jaae| jJAnapUrvaka kiyA gayA AcaraNa hI yoga hai| ataH kriyA ke binA jJAna nirarthaka mAnA jAtA hai aura binA jJAna ke koI bhI kriyA phalIbhUta nahIM hotii| isalie Atma-sAdhanA ke lie bhI kriyA ke pUrva kA jJAna honA Avazyaka hI nahIM, anivArya mAnA gayA hai| jainAgamoM meM spaSTa 1 zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 1/21 2. ihalaukika va pAralaukika bhogoM kI AkAMkSA samyagdarzana meM aticAra (doSa) paidA karatI hai| phalavizeSa kI icchA rUpa 'nidAna' ko ArtadhyAna meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai, jisase durgati hotI hai| isa dRSTi se zAstroM meM aihika va pAralaukika lAbha ko dRSTi meM rakhakara tapa karanA varjita batAyA gayA hai| na hyapramattasAdhUnAM kriyA'pyAvazyakAdikA / niyamA dhyAnazuddhatvAd yadanyairapyadaH smRtam / / - adhyAtmasAra, 5/15/7 4. (ka) yastvAtmaratireva syAdAtmatRptazca mAnavaH / Atmanyeya ca santuSTastasya kArya na vidyate / / naiva tasya kRtenA'rtho nAkRteneha kshcn| na cAsya sarvabhUteSu kazcidarthavyapAzrayaH / / - gItA 3/17,18 udadhRta : adhyAtmasAra, 5/15/8 (kha) mokSaprAbhRta, 16.83 (ga) AtmAbhyAse ratiM kuryAt / - yogazAstra, 12/17 dehanirvAhamAtrArthA yA'pi bhikSATanAdikA / kriyA sA jJAnino'saMgAnneva dhyAnavighAtinI / / - adhyAtmasAra, 5/15/11 ratnazikSA dRganyA hi tanniyojanadRgyathA / phalabhedAttathAcArakriyA'pyasya vibhidyate / / - adhyAtmasAra, 5/15/12 dhyAnArthA hi kriyA seyaM pratyAhRtya nija manaH / prArabdhajanmasaMkalpAdAtmajJAnAya kalpate / / - vahI, 5/15/13 8. jJAnasAra 6/2. 3: adhyAtmopaniSad, 3/13. 14 aca

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90 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana zabdoM meM kahA gayA hai ki pahale jJAna phira kriyaa| vAstava meM jJAna aura kriyA kI gauNatA aura mukhyatA ko lekara hI avasthA-bheda hotA hai| arthAt jahA~ karmayoga hotA hai vahA~ kriyA kI pradhAnatA aura jJAna kI gauNatA hotI hai aura jahA~ jJAnayoga hotA hai, vahA~ jJAna kI pradhAnatA aura karma kI gauNatA hotI hai| / ukta samasta bheda AdhyAtmika yoga-sAdhanA ke kramika sopAnoM ko saMketita karane ke lie nirdhArita kiye gaye haiN| inakA abhyAsa kara sAdhaka AtmAlocana karane meM samartha ho sakatA hai| vaha yaha jAna sakatA hai ki vaha sAdhanA kI kisa bhUmikA para pahu~cA hai, tathA use kitanA Age jAnA hai| dUsarI bAta jo ukta bhedoM meM parilakSita hotI hai, vaha yaha hai ki sAdhanA kI nimna koTi meM hI bAhya kriyAkANDoM ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| sAdhanA kI ucca koTi meM dhyAna kI uttarottara avasthA kA pallavana hotA jAtA hai aura sAre kriyAkANDa svataH chUTate jAte haiN| ukta sabhI bhedoM kA varNana karate hue ukta sopAnoM meM vidyamAna sAdhaka kI avasthAoM kA evaM usake dvArA pAlanIya anuSThAnoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| / pramukha jaina AcAryoM ne ukta sopAnoM kA varNana karate hue pAtaJjalayogasUtra sammata vividha sopAnoM ke sAtha unakA tulanAtmaka saMbaMdha sthApita karane kA bhI prayAsa kiyA hai, tAki donoM paramparAoM kI samAnasatratA (samAnalakSyatA) ke viSaya meM sAdhaka digbhrAnta na hoM. kyoMki AcArya haribhadra Adi jainAcAryoM spaSTa abhimata vyakta kiyA hai ki mokSa-sAdhanA heta yoga kI vibhinna paramparAoM meM koI maulika bheda nahIM hai| yadi bheda hai to kevala nirUpaNa zailI kA hai| A0siddhasena ne bhI nAmAdi bheda ke AdhAra para paraspara vivAda karane ko heya mAnA hai|' 1. paDhamaM nANaM tao dayA / - dazavakAlikasUtra, 4/33 jJAnaM kriyAhInaM, na kriyA vA jJAna varjitA / guNapradhAnabhAvena dazAbhedaH kilaitayoH / / - adhyAtmasAra, 5/15/24 3. yogabindu.3 4. dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA (siddhasena). 20/4, 4/15, 16

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1. yoga ke adhikArI bhAratIya dharmoM kI yaha avadhAraNA hai ki paramAtmapada prApta karane ke adhikArI ve hI loga haiM jinhoMne moha, abhimAna evaM viSayAsakti Adi para pUrNa vijaya prApta kara lI hai, jo sAMsArika kAmanAoM se rahita haiM aura adhyAtma sAdhanA meM satata saMlagna rahate haiN| kintu ukta sthiti sahajatayA sabhI prANiyoM ko prApta nahIM hotii| vividha yoniyoM meM janma-maraNa ke ananta AvatoM ko pAra karate hue prANI jaba isa bhAratabhUmi meM, jo svarga aura mokSa ke mArga ke samAna hai, aura jahA~ jIva devayoni se manuSya yoni meM Ate haiM, taba unheM yahA~ janma lekara adhyAtma sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se mokSa prApta karane kA avasara sulabha hotA hai, anyathA nhiiN| sabhI manuSya eka jaise svabhAva ke nahIM hote| sAtvika guNoM se alaMkRta vyakti hI mokSa-sAdhanA meM saphalatA prApta kara sakate haiN| yoga-sAdhanA kA adhikArI kauna vyakti ho sakatA hai, isa saMbaMdha meM zAstroM meM paryApta vicAra-vimarza kiyA gayA hai| pramukhataH adhyAtma-sAdhanA kI pAtratA ke lie jo Avazyaka bAteM batAI gaI haiM, unameM tIvra vairAgyaH zraddhA, Atmatatva evaM mokSa prApti kI jijJAsA vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| isake atirikta indriyasaMyama kI zakti ko bhI yoga-sAdhaka ke lie Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai / " a. pAtaJjalayoga-mata adhyAtma-sAdhanA kA lakSya hai - cittavRttinirodha / aura vaha yoga ke abhyAsa va vairAgya ke binA sambhava nahIM hai| yaha (abhyAsa aura vairAgya) saba prANiyoM meM sambhava bhI nahIM hotaa| jo manuSya abhyAsa aura 1. 2. 3. 4. jr ut g j w 6. tRtIya adhyAya yoga ke adhikArI, prAthamika yogyatA evaM Avazyaka nirdeza 7. 8. nirmAnamoha jitasaMgadoSA adhyAtmanityA vinivRttakAmAH / dvandvairviguktAH sukhaduHkhasargacchantyamUDhAH padamavyayaM tat / / gItA (zrImadbhagavadgItA) gItApresa, 15/5 (ka) gAyanti devAH kila gItakAni dhanyAstu te bhaartbhuumibhaage| svargApavargAspadamArgabhUte bhavanti bhUyaH puruSAH suratvAt / / - - viSNupurANa, 2/3/24: tulanA : sthAnAMgasUtra, 3/3 (kha) bhAgavatapurANa 5/17/11 (ga) viSNupurANa 2/4/22 (ka) iyaM hi yoniH prathamA yAM prApya jagatIpate / AtmA vai zakyate trAtuM karmabhiH zubhalakSaNaiH / / - mahAbhArata zAntiparva, 267/32 (kha) bhAgavatapurANa, 191/6/29 UrdhvaM gacchanti satvasthA madhye tiSThanti rAjasAH / jaghanyaguNavRttisthA adho gacchanti tAmasAH / gItA, 6/3 para nIlakaNThI TIkA gItA, 4/38. 36 vahI, 6 / 36 yogazcittavRttinirodhaH pAtaJjalayogasUtra 1/2 abhyAsavairAgyAbhyAM tannirodhaH / - vahI, 1/12 - - gItA, 14/18

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana vairAgya ke sAdhaka hote haiM, kevala ve hI Atma-sAdhanA ke adhikArI ho sakate haiM, anya nhiiN|' yoga kA adhikArI sAdhanA kA rasika hotA hai| use sAMsArika viSaya vAsanAoM tathA unakI carcA meM bilkula Ananda nahIM aataa| AdhyAtmika yA dhArmika carcAoM meM vaha harSAtireka se romAMcita ho uThatA hai| vyAsabhASya ke anusAra, jisa prakAra varSARtu meM tRNAMkura ke phUTane se bhUmi meM usake bIja kI sattA kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra mokSa-mArga kI carcA ke zravaNa se jaba kisI vyakti kA zarIra romAMcita ora netroM meM azrupAta dikhAI dene lage, to usase yaha anumAna hotA hai ki usake hRdaya meM mokSa sambandhI vizeSa darzana (zraddhA) kA bIja vidyamAna hai, arthAt usane pUrva janma meM AtmakalyANa kI sAdhanA kI hai| __ sAdhanA ke kSetra meM kucha loga kAphI Age bar3he hote haiM to kucha prArambhika sthiti meM vidyamAna hote haiN| kucha aise bhI hote haiM jo prArambhika sthiti se thor3A Age bar3ha cuke haiM, kintu sAdhanA kA lakSya jinake lie abhI bahuta dUra hai| inameM se jo jitanA Age bar3hA huA hai, vaha apane pIche rahane vAle sAdhaka kI apekSA uttama hai| vijJAnabhikSu evaM nAgojI bhaTTa ne isI dRSTi se sAdhanA ke adhikAriyoM ke tIna bheda nirdhArita kiye haiM - manda (ArurukSu), madhyama (yuJjAna) aura uttama (yogaaruuddh')| inameM 'manda sAdhaka' vaha hotA hai, jo viSaya-vAsanAoM meM pha~sA hone para bhI yogamArga para agrasara hone kA icchuka hotA hai| ise 'ArurukSu' bhI kahA jAtA hai| aSTAMgayoga-sAdhanA meM nirataM gRhastha isa koTi meM AtA hai| 'madhyama adhikArI' (yuJjAna) vaha hotA hai jo saMsAra se virakta hokara tapa, svAdhyAya aura IzvarapraNidhAna rUpa kriyAyoga-sAdhanA meM saMlagna rahatA hai| vAnaprastha Azramadharma kA pAlaka isa koTi kA sAdhaka kahA jA sakatA hai| 'uttama sAdhaka' (yogArUr3ha) vaha vyakti hai, jo sabhI kAma-saMkalpoM ko chor3a cukA hai| aise sAdhaka ke lie abhyAsa aura vairAgya-sAdhanA kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| ukta sAdhaka pUrvajanma meM kI gaI bahiraMga-sAdhanA ke kAraNa sAdhanA-mArga meM sarvAgraNI mAnA gayA hai| 'jar3a bharata' Adi isI uttama koTi ke sAdhakoM meM parigaNita kiye jAte haiN| vyAsa aura bhoja ne uttama sAdhaka ke lie samAhitacitta tathA madhyama aura mandasAdhaka ke lie vyutthitacitta zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| pAtaJjalayogasUtra ke anusAra yoga-sAdhanA meM 'upAyapratyaya' nAmaka prathama koTi kA adhikArI hone ke lie kucha guNa apekSita haiN| yathA - yoga-sAdhanA ke prati zraddhA (AstikatA va sammAna) vIrya (abhiruci evaM utsAha), smRti (apane lakSya evaM gantavya mArga kA avismaraNa), samAdhi (ekAgratA kI sAmarthya), aura prajJA (heyopAdeya viveka se yukta buddhi)| * 1. gItA.7/3 2. yathA prAvRSi tRNAMkurasyodbhavena............ krmaabhirnivrtitmitynumiiyte| - vyAsabhASya, pR0530 tatra mandamadhyamottamabhedena trividhA yogAdhikAriNo bhvntyaarurukssuyunyjaanyogaaruuddh'ruupaaH| - yogasArasaMgraha, pR0 37 yogAdhikAriNastrividhA mandamadhyamottamAH krameNArurukSuyuMjAnayogArUr3harUpAH / - nAgojIbhaTTavRtti, 2/1 yogasArasaMgraha, pR060 vahI, pR0 50 yadA hi nendriyArtheSu na karmasvanuSajjate / sarvasaMkalpasaMnyAsI yogArUr3hastadocyate / / - gItA, 6/4. draSTavya : adhyAtmasAra, 5/15/23 uddiSTaH samAhitacittasya yogaH / kathaM vyutthitacitto'pi yogayuktaH syaadityetdaarbhyte| - vyAsabhASya, avataraNikA, sUtra 2/1, pR0 161 6 tadevaM prathame pAde samAhitacittasya sopAyaM yogamabhidhAya vyutthitacittasyApi kathamupAyAbhyAsapUrvako yogaH saatmym| - bhojavRtti, avataraNikA, sUtra 2/1, pR060 10. zraddhAvIryasmRtisamAdhiprajJApUrvaka itareSAm / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/20

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yoga ke adhikArI, prAthamika yogyatA evaM Avazyaka nirdeza 93 yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki ukta guNoM kI apekSA kA nirUpaNa aise vyaktiyoM ko lakSya karake kiyA gayA hai, jo pUrvajanma meM sAdhanA kI viziSTa koTi meM pahuMca gae the kintu lakSya taka nahIM pahuMca paaye| aise yoga-bhraSTa vyakti ko agale janma meM pUrva janma ke viziSTa saMskAra svataH prApta hote haiN| unake lie ukta guNoM kI anivAryatA nahIM hai, kyoMki zraddhA Adi guNoM kI siddhi ve apane pichale janma meM hI kara cuke hote haiN| aise sAdhakoM ko pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM bhavapratyaya' aura unase bhinna sAmAnya sAdhakoM ko upAyapratyaya' nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnyataH ina donoM sAdhakoM meM mukhya antara yaha hotA hai ki jahA~ 'upAyapratyaya' sAdhaka 'vyutthitacitta' hotA hai, aura use citta kI ekAgratA evaM samAdhi kI siddhi ke lie viziSTa prayAsa karanA par3atA hai, vahA~ 'bhavapratyaya' sAdhaka svataH 'samAhitacitta' hotA hai aura samprajJAtasamAdhi kI prApti usake lie zata pratizata sambhava hotI hai|' niSkarSa yaha hai ki yoga-sAdhanA kA adhikArI vyakti pUrNa Astika, saMsAra se virakta, evaM saMyama sAdhanA meM pUrNa sakSama hotA hai| A. jainayoga-mata jainazAstroM meM bhI mokSa-prApti ke lie karmabhUmi meM evaM manuSya yoni meM utpanna honA anivArya mAnA gayA hai| bhogabhUmi meM utpanna hone vAle manuSya tathA karmabhami meM utpanna hone vAle manaSyetara prANI mokSa prApta nahIM kara skte| jaina zAstrokta 1 4 meM utpanna jIva ko hI mukti prApta karane kA avasara mila sakatA hai, anya ko nhiiN| bhogabhUmi meM utpanna honevAle vyakti saMyama Adi cAritra pAlana karane meM akSama hote haiM, isalie ve mukti ke anadhikArI mAne gae haiN| __ manuSya yoni meM bhI sabhI adhyAtma-sAdhanA ke adhikArI nahIM hote| kucha viziSTa guNoM se sampanna manuSyoM meM hI mukti kI pAtratA hotI hai, jinheM 'bhavyajIva' kahA gayA hai| zAstroM ke anusAra yogya kAlAdi sAdhana milane para jo jIva AtmA ke svAbhAvika nija guNoM-jJAna, darzana, cAritra, vIryAdi ko prakaTa karane meM sakSama ho, vaha 'bhavya' kahalAtA hai| bhavya ko 'kanakapASANa' aura abhavya ko 'andhapASANa' kI upamA dI gaI hai| jisa prakAra andhapASANa meM suvarNa banane kI yogyatA nahIM hotI, vaise hI abhavya jIvoM meM mokSamArga ko pAra karane kI sAmarthya nahIM hotii| bhavya manuSyoM meM bhI sabhI mukti ke adhikArI nahIM hote| kevala vahI 'bhavya' sAdhanA ke saphala 1. pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/1 para vyAsabhASya aura bhojavRtti kI avataraNikA bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 781 kI TIkA karmabhUmi vahI hai jahA~ mokSamArga ke jJAtA aura upadeSTA tIrthaMkara utpanna hote haiN| isake atirikta kSetra akarmabhUmi' kahalAtA hai| jaina zAstroM ke anusAra karmabhUmiyoM kI saMkhyA 170 mAnI gayI hai| mukhyataH bharata, airAvata, aura videha - ye tIna karmabhUmiyA~ haiM, jinameM se pratyeka meM 3-3 karmabhUmiyA~ svIkAra kI gaI hai| yathA -5 bharata, 5 airAvata aura 5 videh| isa prakAra karmabhUmiyoM kI saMkhyA 15 ho jAtI hai| kintu yadi 5 videhoM ke 32-32 kSetroM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara karmabhUmiyoM kI saMkhyA nirdhArita kI jAye to videha kSetra meM 160 karmabhUmiyA~ ho jAtI haiN| bharata, airAvata meM se pratyeka kI pAMca-pAMca karmabhUmiyoM ko milA dene se kula 170 karmabhUmiyA~ ho jAtI hai| 4. harivaMzapurANa, 64/64, 66/50 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 266 5. bhagavatIsUtra. 26/8/1, 2 jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra. 2/45, sarvArthasiddhi, 3/1/113 sarvArthasiddhi, 10/6, tattvArtharAjavArtika, 9/10/2 tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/37 sijhaMti bhavyajIvA abhavyajIvA na sijjhNti| -- paMcasaMgraha, (prAkRta) 155, 156 jJAnAdyanantacatuSTayaM bhavituM yogyo bhvyH| - uddhRta : adhyAtma-anubhava-yogaprakAza, pR0 10 10. uttarAdhyAnasUtra, 3/11: tattvArtharAjavArtika,8/6/6 11. paMcasaMgraha. (prakRta) 1/54

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana adhikArI ho sakate haiM, jo saMjJI' (paMcendriya), paryAptaka' evaM jAgaruka avasthA meM hoM, savikalpa (sAkAra) jJAnopayoga vAle hoM, zubha lezyA (Atma-pariNAma) se yukta hoM, sAtha hI jinameM zraddhA dharmazravaNa kI jijJAsA evaM saMyama meM puruSArtha kI kSamatA ho| jaina zAstroM meM yoga-sAdhanA ke adhikArI hone ke viSaya meM paryApta UhApoha upalabdha hotA hai, jisakA vivecana prastuta hai :yoga kA adhikArI - samyaktvI yoga mokSa kA hetu hai aura jainadarzana meM mokSa ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM samyagdarzana (samIcIna zraddhApUrNa dRSTi), samyagjJAna (ukta dRSTi se yukta heya-upAdeya kA viveka) aura samyakcAritra (sAvadya yogoM se nivRtti evaM kaSAyahInatA)- tInoM ke samudAya ko mAnyatA pradAna kI gaI hai| ina tInoM ke samucita rUpa se pAlana karane para hI mokSa kI prApti hotI hai, anyathA nahIM, isalie ukta ratnatraya ko hI jainayoga-mArga kahanA upayukta hogaa| A0 haribhadra, A0 zubhacandra, A0 hemacandra, evaM upA0 yazovijaya Adi sabhI AcAryoM ne ukta 'ratnatraya' ko 'yoga-mArga' ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA hai| A0 haribhadra ne to ise 'mahAyoga' kahakara apanI viziSTa zraddhA vyakta kI hai| uparokta "jainayoga-mArga kI sAdhanA kA vAstavika adhikArI cAritra (vrata) sampanna vyakti hotA hai| cAritra yA saMyama se sampanna hone ke lie samyagdRSTi honA arthAt mithyAtvagranthi se rahita tathA tattvajJAnI. honA atyanta Avazyaka hai| isalie jaina zAstroM meM mokSa-sAdhanA ke mArga meM 'samyagdRSTi' va 'samyagjJAnI' ko atyadhika mahattva diyA gayA aura use mokSa kA prathama adhikArI kahA gyaa| kAlAntara meM AcAryoM ne samyagdarzana ko prathama sopAna tathA saMyama/vrata/cAritra ko dvitIya sopAna kaha diyA / isaprakAra samyagdRSTi ko prAthamika adhikArI tathA saMyamI/vratI/cAritrI ko ucca adhikArI mAnA jAne lgaa| samyagdarzana prApta karane ke lie bhI AtmA meM viziSTa pariNamana yogyatA kA honA jarUrI hai| samyagdarzana kI pAtratA ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki karmoM kA tathA usameM kAraNabhUta kaSAyoM kA prabhAva itanA manda par3a jAe ki jIva dvArA samyagdarzana kI prApti hetu kiyA jA rahA puruSArtha nizcita rUpa se saphalatA ko prApta ho| OMuse, 1. mana ke sadbhAva ke kAraNa jina jIvoM meM zikSA grahaNa karane va vizeSa prakAra se vicAra, tarka Adi karane kI zakti hotI hai, ve saMjJI kahalAte haiN| AhAra grahaNa karane kI zakti. zarIra, indriya, zvAsocchavAsa, bhASA aura mana inakI pUrNatA ko paryApti kahate haiM. inase yukta jIva ko 'paryAptaka' kahA jAtA hai / 3. kaSAya se anuraJjita kAyayoga, vacanayoga aura manoyoga arthAt kAya, vacana aura mana kI pravRtti ko lezyA kahate haiN| tattvArtharAjayArtika, 2/3/2 gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 652 samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaargH| - tattvArthasUtra, 1/1 yogazataka,2 jJAnArNava, 18/21, 22,6/1 yogazAstra, 1/15 10 jJAnasAra, 13/2 11. dharmastu samyagdarzanAdirUpo dAnazIlatapobhAvanAmayaH sAsravAnAsravo mahAyogAtmakaH / - lalitavistarA, pR0 63 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/26; bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 735 13. darzanaprAbhRta, (prAbhRtasaMgraha) 2.3 . mokSaprAbhRta, 36; rayaNasAra, 126 127, kArtikeyAnuprekSA 325 14. AdipurANa, 6/131, darzanaprAbhRta 21; bhAvaprAbhRta, 147 15. uttarapurANa, 67/66, zIlaprAbhRla, 20 12.

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yoga ke adhikArI, prAthamika yogyatA evaM Avazyaka nirdeza 95 ukta yogyatAoM ke sAtha-sAtha sabase pramukha vastu 'kAlalabdhi" kA suyoga ho arthAta samyakatva prApti kA niyatakAla samupasthita ho gayA ho| ukta kAlalabdhi tabhI sambhava hai, jabaki jIva ke saMsAra-bhramaNa kA kAla adhika se adhika 'ardhapudgalaparAvartana mAtra avaziSTa raha gayA ho| trividha koTi ke yogAdhikArI yoga-sAdhanA ke vibhinna sopAnoM para car3hane ke lie sAdhakoM ko unakI yogyatA ke anukUla kramazaH sAdhanA karanI par3atI hai| A0 haribhadra ne sarvaprathama prArambhika yogAdhikArI ke lie prAthamika sopAna kI navIna kalpanA kI, jisakA upA0 yazovijaya ne bhI anusaraNa kiyaa| isa sopAna kA nAma hai - 'apunarbandhaka / isa prakAra yoga-sAdhanA ke adhikAriyoM kI uccatA va navInatA ke AdhAra para tIna koTiyA~ banatI haiM - 1. apunarbandhaka, 2. samyagdRSTi aura 3. caaritrii| inakA saMkSipta paricaya isaprakAra hai - 1. apunarbandhaka (yoga-sAdhanA kA prathama adhikArI) __ apunarbandhaka kA artha hai - punaH bandhana meM na par3anevAlA, arthAt mohanIya karma kI utkRSTa sthiti kA punaH bandha na karane vaalaa| yahA~ vaha ullekhanIya hai ki jIva dvArA bAMdhe jAne vAle karmoM kI avadhi kI jaghanyatA va utkRSTatA tathA karmoM ke phala dene kI zakti meM mandatA yA tIvratA kA nirdhAraNa-kaSAyoM ke pariNAmoM va svarUpa para nirbhara hai, aisI jaina mAnyatA hai| apane acche Atma-pariNAmoM tathA manda kaSAya ke kAraNa mithyAdRSTi ko bhI gAr3ha azubha karmabandha nahIM ho pAtA / utkRSTa-saMkleza-pariNAma vAle mithyAdRSTi (saMjJI, paryAptaka) ko utkRSTa sthiti kA bandha hotA hai| ukta mithyAtva cAritramohanIya bandha kI utkRSTa sthiti.sattara kor3A-kor3I sAgara pramANa tathA jaghanya sthiti 'anta: kor3Akor3I-sAgaropama' mAnI gaI hai| jIva ke utkRSTa pariNAmoM ke kAraNa jaba karmoM kI eka 'antaH kor3Akor3I sAgara meM simaTa jAtI hai, tabhI vaha samyaktva kI ora unmukha ho pAtA hai, anyathA nhiiN| jisakI tIvrakarmaprakRti nivRtta nahIM ho pAI hai, aisA vyakti yoga-sAdhanA kA adhikArI nahIM mAnA gayA hai| yoga kA adhikArI hone ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki karmabandha kI tIvra evaM utkRSTa sthiti na ho, * 1. mokSamArga meM pravRtta hone kI pAtratA kA niyata kAla upasthita ho jAnA 'kAlalabdhi hai| 2. jIva dvArA loka meM vyApta samasta pudgaloM ko eka bAra grahaNa va tyAga karane meM jitanA samaya lagatA hai, use 'pudagalaparAvarta kahate haiN| saMsAra ke samasta pudagaloM ko kevala eka bAra kisI na kisI rUpa meM bhoga sakeM. mAtra itanA samaya zeSa raha jAe to use 'arddhapudgalaparAvarta' kahA jAtA hai| kArtikeyAnuprekSA. 307. 308 tathA una para zubhacandra viracita TIkA 4. tatvArtharAjavArtika. 8/3/10.8/13/3: gommaTasAra, (karmakANDa), 257 (ka) evaM sAmAnyato jJeyaH pariNAmo'sya shobhnH|| mithyAdRSTerapi sato mhaabndh-vishesstH|| - yogabindu, 267 (kha) tattvArtharAjavArtika,8/12/1 gomATasAra (karmakANDa). 137. 138 para karNATakavRtti 7. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa). 144 para karNATakavRttiH tattvArtharAjavArtika, 8/15; tatvArthasUtra, 8/15, para zrutasAgarIyavRtti gomATasAra (karmakANDa), 146 para karNATakavRtti kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 308 para zubhacandrakRta TIkA; labdhisAra, 8.6 10. (ka) aniyatte puNa sIe egateNeva haMdi ahigaaro| tapparatato bhavarAgao daDhaM aNahigArI tti / / - yogazataka 10 (kha) anivRttAdhikArAyAM prakRtau sarvathaiva hi / na pusastatvamArge'smijijJAsA'pi pravartate / - yogabindu. 101. tulanA : pAtaJjalayogasUtra 2/17, 18

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96 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kyoMki aisI sthiti vAle jIva meM antarmukhI pravRtti sambhava nahIM hotii| itanA hI nahIM, tIvra azubha karmabandha vAle jIva ke lie manuSya yoni kI prApti atyanta durlabha kahI gaI hai| aise apunarbandhaka jIva ko prathama koTi kA yogAdhikArI mAnA gayA hai| adhyAtma mArga meM bar3hate hue jIva ke prayatna kA yaha prathama sopAna hai| kahA gayA hai ki karmoM kI utkRSTa sthiti kA bandha na karane vAlA apunarbandhaka jIva hI mokSa-mArga kA pathika banane ke lie prayatna karatA hai, dUsarA koI nhiiN| A0 haribhadra ke anusAra jisaprakAra vana meM mArga bhUle hue pathika ko pagaDaNDI batA dI jAe, to vaha sahI sthAna para pahu~ca jAtA hai, usIprakAra prathama zreNI ke sAdhaka apurnabandhaka ko dharma kA laukika mArga batA dene se bhI vaha adhyAtmayoga taka pahu~ca jAtA hai| jina jIvoM kI saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karane kI sthiti parimita ho jAtI hai, aise vyakti 'caramAvartI'5 nAma se abhihita haiN| apunarbandhaka ko 'zuklapAkSika' bhI kahA gayA hai, kyoMki isameM mohanIyakarma ke tIvra bhAva kI kAlimA rUpI 'kRSNapakSa' kA andhakAra naSTa ho jAtA hai aura AtmA ke svAbhAvika guNoM ke AvirbhAva rUpa zuklapakSa kA prakAza udita hone lagatA hai| dazAzrutaskandhacUrNi meM bhI isI tathya kI puSTi kI gaI hai| apunarbandhaka yA zuklapAkSika jIva kI AtmA saMsAra-samudra se nikalakara mukta hone ke lie tIvratA se utkaNThita rahatI hai, usakI saMsAra meM Asakti nyUna tathA dharma-ruci pragAr3ha ho jAtI hai| isa sthiti meM karmoM kI mandatA ke kAraNa jIva kevala daiva ke vazIbhUta hI nahIM hotA, apuita usakA puruSArtha karmoM kI apekSA adhika prabala ho jAtA hai, aura yahIM se jIva ke UrdhvavartI vikAsa kI yAtrA kA prArambha samajhanA caahie| AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke 14 sopAna, jinheM 'guNasthAna' kahA jAtA hai, unameM sAdhaka ko mukhya rUpa se pAMca par3Ava pAra karane hote haiN| pahalA par3Ava caM NasthAna hai, jahA~ vaha mithyAtva para vijaya prApta karatA OM ja 6. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 3/7 paDhamassa lokadhamme parapIDAvajjaNAi ohennN| gurudevAtihipUyAi dINadANAi ahigicca / / - yogazataka, 25 syAdvAdakalpalatA, pR061 evaM ciya avayAro jAyai maggammi haMdi eyss| raNNe pahapabhaTTho'vaTTAe vaTTamoyarai / / -yogazataka, 26 caramAvarta meM vidyamAna jIva 'caramAvartI' kahalAtA hai| 'caramAvarta' anAdi saMskAra kA sabase choTA va antima kAla hai| isameM carama aura Avarta do zabda haiN| carama kA artha hai antima aura Avarta kA artha hai pudgalAvarta / jIva dvArA grahaNa kie jA sakane yogya loka meM vyApta samasta pudgaloM kA eka bAra saMsparza aura visarjana eka 'pudgalAvarta' kahalAtA hai| isa krama kA antima Avarta, jise bhogane ke pazcAt jIva ko punaH isa cakra meM nahIM AnA par3atA, 'caramapudgalAvarta yA caramAvarta kahalAtA hai| (ka) carame pudgalAvarte yato yaH zuklapAkSikaH / bhinnagranthizcaritrI ca tasyevaitadudAhRtam / / - yogabindu, 72 (kha) yogadRSTisamuccaya, 24 7. kRSNapakSe parikSINe, zukle ca smudnycti| dyotante sakalAdhyakSAH, pUrNAnandavidhoH klaa|| - jJAnasAra, 1/8 jesiM avaDhDho poggalapariyaTTo, sesao u sNsaaro| te sukkapakkhiA khalu ahige puNa kiNhapakkhi tti / / - dazAzrutaskandhacUrNi, 30 apunarbandhakAdInAM bhavAbdhau clitaatmnaam| nAsau tathAvidhA yuktA vakSyAmo yuktimatratu / / - yogabindu 68 10. (ka) pAvaM na tivvabhAvA kaNaina baha mannaI bhavaM ghorN| uciyaTTiiM ca sevaI sabvattha vi apuNabaMdho ti / / - yogazataka 13 (kha) so apuNabaMdhago jo No pAvaM kuNai tivvbhaavennN| bahumaNNai Neva bhavaM sevai savvattha uciyaThiI / / - upadezarahasya 22

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yoga ke adhikArI, prAthamika yogyatA evaM Avazyaka nirdeza 97 hai| chaThe guNasthAna meM avirati (avrata) para, sAtaveM meM pramAda para, 12veM meM kaSAya para, 14veM meM yoga (mana, vacana aura kAya kI sakriyatA) para vijaya prApta karatA hai narbandhaka-jIva kI sthiti 'mithyAtva' nAmaka prathama guNasthAnavI jIva tathA 'samyagdRSTi' nAmaka caturtha guNasthAnavartI jIva se bhinna hai| yaha ukta donoM avasthAoM ke madhyavartI vaha avasthA hai, jahA~ se jIva granthi-bheda kI ora Age bar3hatA hai| jIva granthibheda kI ora tabhI bar3hatA hai, jaba usakA mithyAtva atyanta alpa raha jAtA hai| granthibheda hote hI mithyAtva naSTa ho jAtA hai| vAstava meM mithyAtva kA atyanta naSTa ho jAnA hI granthibheda kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki apunarbandhaka na to mithyAtvI hai, na samyagdRSTi, aura na hI smykcaaritrii| DA0 dIkSita ne bhI apunarbandhaka ko samyagdRSTi aura cAritrI se bhinna batAyA hai| unhoMne apunarbandhaka ko prathama guNasthAna kI carama avasthA mAnA hai| isa sthiti meM mithyAtva bahuta kama hotA hai| ataH jIva granthibheda kI kriyA meM kie jAne vAle tIna karaNoM meM se prathama 'yathApravRttikaraNa' kI kriyA meM pravRtta hotA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki apanarbandhaka avasthA hI yoga kA Arambhika caraNa hai| isa avasthA vAlA jIva hI unnati karatA haA vikAsa kI carama sImA, arthAta usake antima lakSya svarUpa mokSa ko prApta hotA hai| apunarbandhaka ke lakSaNa apunarbandhaka jIva utkRSTa saMkleza athavA tIvrakaSAya yukta pApAcaraNa nahIM krtaa| isa duHkhapUrNa saMsAra meM usakI ruci/Asakti nahIM hotii| vaha laukika, pArivArika, sAmAjika, dhArmika sabhI kAryoM meM nyAyapUrvaka maryAdA kA pAlana karatA hai| haribhadrasUri ke anusAra apunarbandhaka-jIva meM bhavAbhinandI jIva ke viparIta guNa pAye jAte haiN| bhavAbhinandI jIva kSadra lobhI, dIna, matsarI-ISyAla, dharta evaM ajJAnI hotA hai, aura vaha nirarthaka kAryoM meM lagA rahatA hai jabaki apunarbandhaka jIva akSudratA, udAratA, nirlobhatA, adInatA, amatsaratA, nirbhayatA, saralatA, viveka, jJAna Adi guNoM se yukta hotA hai| usake audArya, dAkSiNyAdi guNa zuklapakSa ke candramA kI taraha uttarottara bar3hate rahate haiN| vaha devapUjA, gurubhakti, dAna, zIla, tapa ityAdi zuddha anuSThAnoM meM zuddhAzaya se pravRtta hotA hai, aura dharma kA adhikArI banakara mokSamArga meM pravRtti karatA hai| apunarbandhaka jIva hI 'pUrvasevA Adi sadanuSThAnoM kA yathArthatA se pAlana karatA hai, na ki upacAra se, kyoMki isake Atma-pariNAma kramazaH pavitra bhAvayukta hote jAte haiN| AtmasaMyata puruSoM 1. 2. .....an Apunarbandhaka is neither a Bhinnagranthi nor aCharitrin. - Dixit K.K.,Yogabindu, p. 20 .....In this graduated series an Apunarbhandhaka occupies the uppermost level of the first Gunasthana. -- Ibid, introduction p. 5 lalitavistarA, pR0 26 yogazatakaM, 13 bhavAbhinandidoSANAM pratipakSaguNairyataH / vardhamAnaguNaprAyo, hyapunarbandhako mataH / / - yogabindu, 178 kSudro lAbharatirdIno matsarIbhayavAn shtthH| ajJo bhavAbhinandI syAnniSphalArambhasaMgataH / / - vahI, 67 bhavAbhinandidoSANAM - 'kSudro lAbharatirdIno matsarI ityAdinA prAgevoktAnAm pratipakSaguNairakSudratAnirlobhatAdibhiryuto "vardhamAnaguNaprAyo - vardhamAnA zuklapakSakSapApatimaNDalamiva pratikalamullasanto guNA audAryadAkSiNyAdayaH prAyo bAhulyena yasya sa tathA, apunarbandhako dharmAdhikArI mto'bhipretH| - vahI, gA0 178 para vRtti (ka) zAntodAttatvamatraiva zuddhAnuSThAnasAdhanam sUkSmabhAvohasaMyuktaM tttvsNvednaanugm|| - yogabindu, 186 (kha) adhyAtmasAra, 1/2/7 draSTavya : yogabindu, 106-166 tathA yazovijaya kRta 'pUrvasevA' nAmaka 12vI dvAtriMzikA / asyaiSA mukhyarUpA syAt pUrvasevA ythoditaa| kalyANAzayayogena zeSasyApyucArataH / / - yogabindu, 176 10.

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98 kI AtmA krodhAdi kaSAyoM se prabhAvita nahIM hotii| unakI AtmA zAMta va udAtta prakRti kI hone se unakI buddhi zubha arthAt puNyAtmaka kAryoM meM lagI rahatI hai, aura unheM vizeSa prakAra ke guNoM kI prApti hotI hai / ' jahA~ bhavAbhinandI jIva sAMsArika kAmabhogoM meM Asakta rahatA hai, vahA~ apunarbandhaka jIva mukti ko hI manorama ramaNI kI bhAMti jAnakara usako pAne ke lie vyAkula va saceSTa rahatA hai| mArgAnusArI jIva prAyaH tAttvika cintana va tattvacarcA meM saMlagna rahatA hai| AtmA ko karmabandhana se mukta karAne ke lie gatizIla rahatA hai aura tadanurUpa samyak AcaraNa bhI karatA hai| apunarbandhaka kI dvividha sambhAvita sthiti eka bAra apunarbandhaka avasthA prApta ho jAne para jaba jIva granthibheda kI ora agrasara hotA hai, taba vaha mArgAbhimukha evaM mArgapatita ina do viziSTa avasthAoM se bhI gujaratA hai| mArgAbhimukha aura mArgapatita * ina donoM avasthAoM kI vyAkhyA haribhadrasUri ne isa prakAra kI hai-sIdhI nalI meM praveza karane para sarpa jisa taraha vakratA chor3akara sIdhA ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra citta kI avakraM athavA sarala pravRtti hI mArga hai| arthAt aisI sthiti AdhyAtmika guNa prApta karane meM upakAraka hotI hai jo jIva isa sthiti kI ora abhimukhaM to hotA hai, parantu use abhI isa sthiti kI prApti na huI ho, vaha mArgAbhimukha, aura jisako vaha sthiti prApta ho gaI hai, vaha mArgapatita kahalAtA hai| 1 1. 2. bhinna granthi yA samyagdRSTi (yoga kA dvitIya adhikArI) apunarbandhaka se Upara kI sthiti 'samyagdRSTi kI hai| yaha apunarbandhaka kI tulanA meM yoga kA zreSTha adhikArI hai| apunarbandhaka jIva apane sadguNoM kA vikAsa karate-karate eka aisI sthiti meM pahu~ca jAtA hai, jaba usameM rahane vAlA alpa mithyAtva bhI samApta ho jAtA hai, aura sAdhaka kA vAstavika Atma-vikAsa prArambha ho jAtA hai| Atma-vikAsa meM mukhya bAdhaka moha aura rAgAdi kI granthi hai| ataH rAga-dveSa kI usa karkaza, dRr3ha aura rezama kI gAMTha ke samAna durbhedya granthi ko kATanA Avazyaka hai| saghana rAga-dveSa se atyanta 2. 3. 4. - pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana - yogabindu, 163 krodhAdyabAdhitaH zAntaH udAttastu mahAzayaH / zubhAnubandhipuNyAcca viziSTamatisaMgataH / / Uhate'yamataH prAyo, bhavabIjAdigocaram / kAntAdigatageyAdi, tathA bhogIva sundrm|| vahI 194 evamUDapradhAnasya prAyo mArgAnusAriNaH / etadviyogaviSayo'pyeSa samyak pravartate / / vahI, 166 (ka) yato lalitavistarAyAM mArgalakSaNamitthamuktam- "iha mArgazcetaso'vakragamanaM bhujaMgamanalikAyAnatulyo viziSTaguNasthAnAvAptirpraguNaH svarasavAhI kSayopazamavizeSa iti / tatra praviSTo mArgapatitaH mArgapravezayogyabhAvApanno mArgAbhimukhaH / - yogabindu0 179 para svo0 vRtti - - (kha) ina donoM avasthAoM kI prApti ke saMbaMdha meM do mata milate haiM - kucha logoM kA mata hai ki ye avasthAe~ apunarbandhakatva prApta hone ke pazcAt hI jIva meM AtI haiN| kucha loga yaha mAnate haiM ki ye avasthAe~ apunarbandhakatva prApta hone se pahale kI haiN| inameM se pahalA mata A0 haribhadra kA hai aura dUsarA mata yogabindu kI ajJAtakartRka TIkA meM uddhRta hai, para TIkAkAra ne usakA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| A0 haribhadra ne paMcasUtravRtti (sUtra 5) meM likhA hai ki apunarbandhakatva prApta hone ke pazcAt hI mArgAbhimukha va mArgapatita nAmaka avasthAe~ prApta hotI hai| AcArya abhayadeva ne mArgAbhimukha aura mArgapatita ko apunarbandhaka se bhinna aura nimnakoTi kA mAnA hai| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yogabindu kI vRtti meM pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM uddhRta dUsarA mata zAyada abhayadeva kI paramparA se liyA gayA ho| (draSTavya : paMcAzaka 3/3) A0 haribhadra ke upadezapada kI TIkA (zloka 253) meM A0 municandra ne bhI prathama gata kA hI nirdeza kiyA hai. kintu upA0 yazovijaya ne apunarbandhaka dvAtriMzikA (14/2 4) meM donoM matoM kA samanvaya bhI kiyA hai|

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yoga ke adhikArI, prAthamika yogyatA evaM Avazyaka nirdeza 99 mandika pariNAma ko prathamitha malina pariNAma ko 'granthi' kahate haiN| jaba AtmA vikAsa kI ora bar3hate hue tIvratama rAga-dveSa ko kucha manda kara, moha kI prathama zakti ko chinna-bhinna karane yogya Atma-bala prakaTa kara letA hai, vaha sthiti karmazAstroM meM 'granthibheda' ke nAma se spaSTa kI gaI hai| samyagdRSTi ke lakSaNa jisa jIva kA granthibheda ho jAtA hai, usake darzanamohanIyakarma tathA anantAnubandhI kaSAyoM kA kSayopazama athavA kSaya ho jAtA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa sAdhaka ke bhAvoM meM itanA parivartana A jAtA hai ki usakI deha to saMsAra meM hotI hai, parantu citta prAyaH mokSa ke dhyAna meM lIna rahatA hai| usake dvArA kI jAne vAlI japa, tapa, saMyama, dhyAna Adi kriyAyeM adhyAtmamayI hotI haiN| sAdhaka kI dRSTi uttama bhAvayukta arthAt mokSAnugAmI ho jAtI hai, jisase dainika kAryoM meM lagA rahane para bhI usakA citta mokSa meM hI rata rahatA hai, una kAryoM meM nhiiN| eka ora vaha saMsAra ke baMdhana se AtmA ko pRthak karane ke upAyoM (mokSopAya) ke viSaya meM cintana karatA hai, dUsarI ora usameM zuddhAnuSThAna karane kI abhilASA jAgRta hotI hai| AtmabhAvoM meM pUrNa sthiratA hone para vaha sadA zuddha anuSThAnoM ko kriyAnvita karatA hai| yaha zuddha anuSThAna hI 'yoga' kahalAte haiM, aura pUrvasevA' Adi anuSThAnoM dvArA sAdhaka kramazaH uttarottara zuddhatA prApta karatA jAtA hai| samyagdRSTi jIva ko dvitIya zreNI kA sAdhaka/adhikArI mAnate hue A0 haribhadrasUri ne usake lie aNuvratAdi adhyAtmadharma athavA lokottaradharma kA pAlana karane kA upadeza diyA hai| 3. cAritrI (vratI/saMyamI) - (yoga kA ucca adhikArI) samyagdRSTi ko sadasadviveka hone para bhI, jaba taka vaha cAritradharma kA pAlana karane meM samartha nahIM hotA, taba taka use muktidvAra meM praviSTa hone kA adhikAra prApta nahIM ho paataa| samyagdRSTi jIva jaba caturtha guNasthAna se Age bar3hate hue saMyatAsaMyata (dezavirati) nAmaka paMcama guNasthAna meM pahu~catA hai, to vahIM para cAritra kA udaya hotA hai| 1. gaThiti sudukhoo kkkhddpnnruuddhguuddhgtthivv|| jIvassa kAjaNio ghaNarAgado sprinnaamo|| -vizeSAvazyakabhASya (vaizAlI saMskaraNa). 1165 sAdhaka apane sAdhanAkAla meM do bAra granthibheda karatA hai| prathama bAra jaba vaha apane mithyAtva ko samyaktva rUpa meM pariNata karatA hai, aura dUsarI bAra jaba vaha kaivalyaprApti ke lie zreNI kA ArohaNa karatA hai| donoM bAra usakA sAdhanAkrama eka jaisA hI hotA hai / bhinnagranthestu yat prAyo mokSe cittaM bhave tanuH / tasya tatsarva eveha yogo yogo hi bhaavtH|| -yogabindu. 203 4. nAryA yathAnyasaktAyAstatra bhAve sadA sthite| tadyogaH pApabandhazca tathA mokSe'sya dRzyatAm / / - vahI, 204 5. na ceha granthibhedena pazyato bhAvamuttamam / itareNAkulasyApi tatra citaM na jAyate / / - vahI, 205 cAru cetad yato hyasya tathohaH saMpravartate / etadviyogaviSayaH zuddhAnuSThAnabhAka sa yat / / - vahI, 206 7. vahI, 208 etacca yogahetutvAdyoga ityucitaM vcH| mukhyAyAM pUrvasevAyAmavatAro'sya kevalam / / - vahI, 206 bIyassa u loguttaradhamgamgi aguvvayAi ahigicca / parisuddhANAyogA tassa tahAgAvagAsajja / / tarasA''saNNataNao tammi dadaM pkkhvaayjogaao| sipa pariNAgAo saga paripAlaNAo y|| - yogazataka, 27.28 10. gUlAcAra, 6/6: pravacanasAra, 3/37

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100 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana A0 haribhadrasUri ne cAritrI ko tRtIya zreNI kA sAdhaka mAnA hai| unakA abhimata hai ki tRtIya zreNI ke sAdhaka ko yuktipUrvaka sAmAyika Adi se sambaddha (paramArthoddiSTa) bhAvapradhAna upadeza diyA jAnA cAhie, kyoMki vaisA upadeza hI usake lie uttarottara uttama yoga kA sAdhaka mAnA gayA hai| __ sabhI azubha yA sAvadya yogoM se nivRtti, zubha meM pravRtti, kaSAyahInatA evaM zuddha-svarUpa meM ramaNa, ina sabhI kA samAveza 'cAritra' meM kiyA jAtA hai| sAdhaka azubha karmoM se nivRtta hokara zubha karmoM meM pravRtta hotA hai, aura dhIre-dhIre rAgAdi kaSAyoM ko kramazaH kSINa karate hue pUrNa zuddha Atma-svarUpa meM sthiratA rUpI AcaraNa kA pAlana karane meM sakSama hotA hai| haribhadrasUri ke zabdoM meM jaba samyagdRSTi jIva apane lie nirdiSTa anuSThAnoM kA pAlana karatA huA vikAsa ke usa caraNa taka pahu~ca jAtA hai, jahA~ para do se nau palyopama taka kI avadhi ke madhya kisI bhI avasthA taka ke usake karma nivRtta ho jAte haiM, taba vaha cAritrI kahalAne lagatA hai| cAritrI ke lakSaNa haribhadrasUri ke anusAra dhArmika tattvoM meM ruci rakhanA, siddhAntapriya honA, AdhyAtmika gaNoM meM anurAga rakhanA, sadanuSThAna meM kriyAzIla rahanA, yathAzakti dharma kA pAlana karanA - ye saba 'cAritrI' ke lakSaNa haiN| ___ yogabindu meM cAritrI ke lakSaNoM ko sodAharaNa spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra sunasAna jaMgala meM bhaTakate hue netrahIna vyakti, jisake AsAtAvedanIya duHkhaprada karma kA udaya nahIM huA hai, vaha gaDr3he Adi se bacatA huA, apane mArga para calatA jAtA hai, ThIka usI prakAra saMsAra rUpI bhayAnaka jaMgala meM bhaTakatA huA jIva sAtAvedanIya karma kA udaya hone para apane ko pApakarmoM se bacAtA huA, zAstrajJAna rUpI netra se rahita hone para bhI, samyak mArga para gatizIla hotA hai arthAt zubha dharmAcaraNa meM kriyAzIla hotA hai| jisa jIva meM uparyukta guNa nahIM pAye jAte, usako cAritraguNa kI prApti nAmamAtra kI huI hai, aisA samajhanA cAhie tathA jisameM uparyukta sabhI guNa vidyamAna hote haiM, unake cAritra meM bhI pUrvasaMcita karmoM kI vicitratA hone se kucha doSa A jAte haiN|" taiyassa puNa vicitto taduttarasujogasAhaNo bhnnio| sAmAiyAivisao nayaniuNaM bhAvasAro ti / / - yogazataka, 26 palyopama ke sambandha meM vistRta jAnakArI hetu dekheM : paumacariyaM, vimalasUri 20/65-66: tatvArthAdhigamabhASya, 4/45.pR0 264; sarvArthasiddhi. 3/38; anuyogadvAracUrNi, pR0 57: anuyogadvAra, haribhadravRtti, pR0 84; dhavalA. pustaka 14. pR0 300 3. (ka) evaM tu vartamAno'yaM cAritrI jAyate ttH|| palyopama-pRthaktvena vinivRttena karmaNaH / / - yogabindu, 352 (kha) dviprabhRtyAnavabhyaH pRthaktya......- vahI. 352 para svo0 vR0 4. (ka) liGga mArgAnusAryeSa zrAddhaH prajJApanApriyaH / guNarAgI mahAsattvaH sacchakyArambhasaMgataH / / - vahI, 353 (kha) maggaNusArI saddho pannavaNijjo kiyAvaro cev| guNarAgI-sakkAraMbhasaMgao taha ya cAritrI / / - yogazataka. 15 jisa karma kA vedana/anubhava paritApa ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai, use asAtAvedanIya kahate haiN| - zrAvaka prajJapti (TIkA) 14; dharmasaMgrahaNI, malayagirivRtti, pR0 611; dhavalA. pustaka 6, pR0 35 asAtodayazUnyo'ndhaH kAntArapatito ythaa| gartAdiparihAreNa samyaka ttraabhigcchti|| tathA'yaM bhavakAntAre paapaadiprihaartH| zrutacakSurvihIno'pi satsAtodayasaMyutaH / / - yogabindu. 354-355 anIdRzasya tu punazcAritraM zabdamAtrakam / IdRzasyApi vaikalyaM vicitratvena karmaNAm / / - vahI, 356

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yoga ke adhikArI, prAthamika yogyatA evaM Avazyaka nirdeza 101 jisa avasthA meM 'cAstriI kI sthiti prArambha hotI hai, usase lekara antima avasthA taka dezAdi bheda se cAritrI ke aneka bheda hote haiN| yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki cAritrI ke aneka bheda chaThe guNasthAna se lekara 12veM guNasthAna taka guNasthAnoM ke nAmoM para AdhArita haiN| chaThe guNasthAna se antima guNasthAna kI ora bar3hate hue sAdhaka ke abhyAsa kI avadhi jaise-jaise bar3hatI jAtI hai, vaise-vaise usake karmoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai, taba jIva sarvajJa bana jAtA hai, aura usakI sAdhanA samApta ho jAtI hai| 14veM guNasthAna ke anta meM sAdhaka ko mokSa prApta ho jAtA hai| prArambha meM 'cAritrI' ke sAmarthya kA vikAsa itanA nahIM ho pAtA ki vaha pUrNa rUpa se cAritradharma kA pAlana kara ske| prArambha meM vaha 'eka deza' se arthAt aMzataH cAritradharma kA pAlana karatA hai| ataH use 'dezavirata cAritrI' kahate haiN| kramazaH cAritradharma kA pAlana karatA huA vaha eka kadama aura Age bar3hakara 'sarvavirati nAmaka chaThe guNasthAna para pahu~ca jAtA hai| yahA~ vaha hiMsAdi samasta pApa karmoM kA pUrNa rUpa se tyAga kara detA hai, aura samyak rUpa se cAritradharma kA pAlana karane lagatA hai| isalie use 'sarvavirata' kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| 'sarvavirata cAritrI' chaThe guNasthAna se lekara 12veM guNasthAna taka vibhinna avasthAoM se gujaratA hai| isIlie A0 haribhadra likhate haiM ki vItarAga dazA prApta hone taka sAmAyika Adi zuddhi ke tAratamya se tathA zAstrajJAna ko jIvana meM kriyAnvita karane kI pariNati ke anusAra 'sarvavirata cAritrI' aneka prakAra kA hotA hai| sarvavirata yogiyoM meM bhI kucha zreNI-ArUDha aura kucha zreNI-anArUDha hote haiN| zreNIgata yogiyoM meM bhI kucha sayogIkevalI aura kucha ayogIkevalI hote haiN| ayogIkevalI sarvopari hai| isaprakAra yogAdhikArI ke aneka bheda kiye jA sakate 2. adhikArI-bheda se yogI ke vividha prakAra yoga-sAdhanA ke ArohaNa-krama meM yogI kI vividha ucca-uccatara-uccatama sthitiyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara, yogI ke vividha prakAra zAstroM meM varNita kiye gaye haiN| a. pAtaJjalayoga-mata pAtaJjalayoga-paramparA meM yogI ke cAra bheda batAe gae haiM - prathamakalpika, madhubhamika, prajJAjyoti evaM atikraantbhaavniiy| (ka) prathamakalpikayogI jo yogI pravRttamAtrajyoti arthAt saMyama meM tatpara hone se paracitta-jJAna Adi siddhiyoM ke unmukha abhyAsa meM lIna haiM, vaha prathamakalpika nAmaka yogI kahA jAtA hai| dezAdibhedatazcitramidaM coktaM mahAtmabhiH / / - yogabindu, 357 mokSaprAbhRta, 30: pravacanasAra, 2/105-106 sarvArthasiddhi.7/21/356/12; tatyArtharAjavArtika, 7/21/3/547/27: puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 136: vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 215 kArtikeyAnuprekSA. 367-368 sarvArthasiddhi, 7/21/360/12: tattvArtharAjavArtika,7/21/3/547/27: puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 140: vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 216: kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 366-370 eso sAmAiyasuddhibheyao'NegahA muNeyavyo / ANApariNaibheyA aMte jA vIyarAgo ti / / - yogazataka, 16 adhyAtmasAra, 1/2/8-11 catvAraH khalbamI yoginaH prathamakalpiko madhubhUmikaH prjnyaajyotirtikraantbhaavniiyshceti| - vyAsabhASya, pR0447 tatrAbhyAsI pravRttamAtrajyotiH prthmH| - vahI, pR0448 ja

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102 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (kha) madhubhUmikayogI' __ madhubhUmika-yogI vaha hai jisakI prajJA RtambharA hai arthAt jisane jIvoM tathA indriyoM para vijaya prApta nahIM kI hai, parantu unheM jItane kI icchA karatA hai| (ga) prajJAjyotiyogI jisane sabhI bhUtoM tathA indriyoM para vijaya prApta kara lI hai, aura bhUtendriya ke jaya se niSpAdita sarva pApa-racitta-jJAnAdi meM jo katarakSAbandha arthAta siddhi lAbha vAlA hai. tathA vizokAdi rthAt siddhi lAbha vAlA hai, tathA vizokAdi siddhiyoM kI prApti hetu yatnazIla hai,vaha prajJAjyoti nAmaka tRtIya yogI kahA jAtA hai| (gha) atikrAntabhAvanIyayogI' caturtha atikrAntabhAvanIya-yogI vaha hai, jisane vizokA bhUmi ko prApta karake vivekakhyAti kA bhI lAbha kara liyA hai evaM usake prati bhI virakta hai, aura isI vairAgya ke kAraNa vighnazaMkA se rahita jIvanmukta hai arthAt jo parama vairAgya se yukta hai| A. jainayoga-mata ___ jaina-paramparA ke prasiddha A0 haribhadrasUri ne nimnalikhita cAra prakAra ke yogiyoM kI carcA kI hai - gotrayogI, kulayogI, pravRttacakrayogI aura nisspnnyogii| ina cAra prakAra ke yogiyoM kI kalpanA tathA paribhASA jaina-paramparA meM A0 haribhadra ne hI sarvaprathama kI hai| inakA svarUpa saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai - (ka) kulayogI jo yogiyoM ke kula meM janma lekara unake kula dharmAnusAra hI AcaraNa karate haiM, unheM kulayogI kahA jAtA hai| sAmAnyataH yogiyoM ke gotra meM utpanna yogiyoM ko bhI kulayogI kahA jAtA hai| ukta lakSaNa dravyataH samajhanA caahie| bhAvataH karmabhUmi meM utpanna hone vAle bhavya jIvoM kA hI prastuta vyAkhyA meM samAveza ho sakatA hai, dUsaroM kA nhiiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki jo yogI apane pichale janma meM apanI yoga-sAdhanA sampUrNa nahIM kara pAte, bIca meM hI AyuSya pUrNa kara lete haiM, ve agale janma meM kulayogI ke rUpa meM utpanna hote haiM, kyoMki pUrva saMskAravaza unheM janma se hI yoga prApta hone se unakI pravRtti yoga-sAdhanA ke anurUpa hAtI hai| kulayogI ke lakSaNa isa prakAra haiM - kulayogI kisI se dveSabhAva nahIM karate, deva, guru aura brAhmaNa (sAdhuvarga) ke prati zraddhA rakhate haiM / ve prakRti se dayAlu, vinamra, prabuddha evaM jitendriya hote haiN| kula yogI kI isa hAribhadrIya avadhAraNA para pAtaJjalayoga sammata 'bhavapratyaya' yogI kI avadhAraNA kA paryApta prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| OMi 1. RtambharAprajJo dvitiiyH| - vyAsabhASya, pR0448 bhUtendriyajayI tRtIyaH / sarveSu bhAviteSu bhAvanIyeSu kRtarakSAbandhaH kRtkrttvysaadhnaadimaan| - vahI, pR0 448. 3. caturtho ystvtikraantbhaavniiyH| tasya cittapratisargaH eko'rthH| - vahI kulAdiyogabhedena caturdhA yogino yataH / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 208 ye yoginAM kule jAtAstaddharmAnugatAzca ye / kulayogina ucyante gotravanto'pi nApare || - vahI. 210, dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA. 16/21 ye prakRtyA'nye'pi kulayogina ucyante dravyato bhAvatazca gotracanto'pi sAmAnyena karmabhUmibhavyA api nApare kulayogina iti| - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 16/21 para svo0 vR0 pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM ullikhita "bhavapratyaya sAdhaka meM bhI pUrva janma meM kie gae yogAbhyAsa ke saMskAravaza janma se hI yoga-sAdhanA ke anurUpa pravRtti hotI hai| - draSTavya : pAtaJjalayogasUtra. 1/16 sarvatrAdveSiNazcaite gurudevadvijapriyAH / dayAlavo vinItAzca bodhavanto yatendriyAH / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya. 211: dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA. 16/22 5 |

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yoga ke adhikArI, prAthamika yogyatA evaM Avazyaka nirdeza 103 (kha) gotrayogI ___'bhUmibhavya' va nAmadhArI yogiyoM ko 'gotrayogI' kahA jAtA hai| 'bhUmibhavya' unheM kahate haiM, jo AryakSetra ke antargata bhAratabhUmi meM uppanna hote haiN| isa bhUmi meM yoga-sAdhanA ke anukUla uttama sAmagrI, sAdhana, nimitta Adi sahaja upalabdha ho jAte haiM kintu unameM vaha yogyatA, bhavyatA athavA supAtratA nahIM hotI ki ve yoga-sAdhanA kara skeN| kevala bhUmi kI bhavyatA se sAdhanA niSpanna nahIM hotii| vaha tabhI sadhatI hai, jaba sAdhaka meM apanI bhavyatA, yogyatA evaM supAtratA vidyamAna ho| isIlie A0 haribhadra ne kahA hai ki dUsare gotrayogI hote hue bhI kulayogI nahIM hote| (ga) pravRttacakrayogI jisakA ahiMsAdi yogacakra pravRtta huA ho use 'pravRttacakrayogI' kahate haiN| jisa prakAra cakra ke kisI bhAga para DaNDA saTAkara ghumA dene para vaha svayaM ghUmane lagatA hai, usI prakAra jina yogiyoM kA yogacakra unake kisI aMga kA saMsparza kara dene para svayaM hI yoga meM pravRtta ho jAtA hai, ve 'pravRttacakrayogI' kahalAte haiN| A0 haribhadrasUri likhate haiM ki jinameM icchAyama, pravRttiyama, sthirayama aura siddhiyama, ina cAra prakAra ke yamoM meM se pahale do yama siddha ho cuke hote haiM aura zeSa do ko prApta karane kI icchA hotI hai, tathA jo zuzruSA Adi guNoM se yukta hote haiM, ve 'pravRttacakrayogI' haiN| __ pravRttacakrayogI apanI Atmonnati ke lie aneka prakAra ke cAritra kA pAlana karatA huA, rAga-dveSAdi se chuTakArA pAkara AtmaguNoM kI vRddhi ke krama meM tIna prakAra kI avaJcakatAoM ko pUrA karatA hai| 'avaJcaka' kA artha hai - jo kabhI vaJcanA (ThagI) na kre| tAtparya yaha hai ki jo binA cUke bANa kI taraha sIdhA apane lakSya para pahu~ca jAye, vahI avaJcaka hai| avaJcaka tIna prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM - yogAvaJcaka, kriyAvaJcaka ora phlaavnyck| ina tIna avaMcakoM kI prApti satpuruSoM ko unake dvArA kRta praNAma, vaiyAvatya, sevA Adi kAryoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa hotI hai| 1. yogAvaJcaka ___jinake darzana se mana meM pavitratA kA saMcAra hotA hai, aise kalyANadRSTi-sampanna viziSTa puruSoM ke sAtha yoga yA sambandha honA yogAvaJcakatA hai| satpuruSoM kA sahayoga sAdhaka ke lie prakAzastambha hai, sAdhaka ke lie Age bar3hane kA yaha Adya sopAna hai, ataH aise sAdhaka ko AdyAvaJcaka bhI kahate haiN| 2. kriyAvaJcaka satpuruSoM ke darzana (suyoga) ke pazcAt unakA vaMdana, stavana, kIrtana, vaiyAvRtya, sevAdi kriyA karanA cm jainayoga-granthacatuSTaya, pR068 2. kulayogina ucyante gotravanto'pi nApare ||-yogdRssttismuccy, 210: dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 16/21 pravattacakrAstu punaryamadvayasamAzrayAH / zeSadvayArthino'tyantaM zuzrUSAdiguNAnvitAH / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 212 yogakriyAphalAkhyaM yatzrUyate'vaMcakatrayam / sAdhUnAzritya paramamiSulakSyakriyopamam / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 34: dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 16/25 etacca satpraNAmAdinimittaM samaye sthitam / asya hetuzca prmstthaabhaavmlaalptaa||- yogadRSTisamuccaya, 35, dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 16/26 sadabhiH kalyANasaMpannairdarzanAdapi pAvanaiH / tathA darzanato yoga AdyAvaMcaka ucyte||- yogadRSTisamuccaya, 216: dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 16/26 *

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104 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kriyAvaJcakatA hai| satpuruSoM kA suyoga prApta hone para sAdhaka kI sthiti meM itanA parivartana A jAtA hai ki usakI kriyAye pAramArthika ho jAtI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa usake mahApApo kA 6 3. phalAvaJcaka satpuruSoM ke upadeza se to aura bhI adhika lAbha hotA hai| vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki jina satpuruSoM kA sAnnidhya sAdhaka ko prApta huA hai unake upadezAnusAra dhArmika-kriyAyeM karane se uttarottara uttama yogoM kA phala prApta hotA hai| aise sAdhaka ko phalAvaJcaka kahA jAtA hai| pravRttacakrayogI sarvaprathama Adya yogAvaJcaka sthiti ko prApta karatA hai| isakI prApti ke pazcAt use kriyAvaJcaka aura phalAvaJcaka-sAdhanA kI sthitiyA~ sahaja hI prApta ho jAtI hai| ukta trividha avaJcaka hI yoga-sAdhanA kA abhyAsa karane ke adhikArI mAne gaye haiN| (gha) niSpannayogI jo sAdhaka yoga-niSpanna athavA yoga-siddha ho gaye hoM, arthAt jinakI yogasAdhanA samApta ho gaI ho aise yogI niSpannayogI yA siddhayogI kahalAte haiN| ye yogasiddhi ke nikaTa hote haiN| ataH inheM punaH dharmavyApAra meM pravRtta hone kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| dUsare zabdoM meM satyadarzI (draSTA) ke lie satya-asatya, karttavya-akartavya kA nirdeza Avazyaka nahIM rahatA / AcArAMga meM bhI kahA gayA hai - "uddeso pAsagassa ptthi| 6 ___ uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki cAra prakAra ke yogiyoM meM kevala kulayogI aura pravRttacakrayogI hI yoga-sAdhanA ke adhikArI haiN| gotrayogI nAmamAtra kA hI yogI hotA hai| Atma-pariNAmoM ke malina hone se usameM yoga kA abhyAsa karane kI yogyatA kA abhAva hotA hai| niSpannayogI pahale hI apanA yogAbhyAsa pUrNa kara cukA hotA hai, isalie use yoga kA adhikArI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 3. yoga-sAdhanA prArambha karane se pUrva Avazyaka taiyArI a. pAtaJjalayoga-mata yoga-sAdhanA kI kSamatA rakhate hue bhI pratyeka prANI ko yoga-sAdhanA prArambha karane se pUrva vizeSa prayatna 1 2. teSAmeva praNAmAdi-kriyAniyama ityalam / kriyAvacaMkayoga: syaanmhaapaapkssyodyH|| - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 220: dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 16/30 phalAvaMcakayogastu sadbhyaH eva niyogataH / sAnubandhaphalAvAptidharmasiddhau satAM mtaa|| - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 221: dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA. 16/31 AdyAvaJcaka-yogAptyA tadanyadvayalAbhinaH / ete'dhikAriNo yogaprayogasyeti tadvidaH / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 213 evaM dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 16/24 (ka) niSpannayoginAM tu siddhibhaavaaditi|- yogadRSTisamuccayaM, 206 svo0 vR0 (kha) siddherniSpannayogasya noddezaH pazyakasya yat / -dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA. 16/16 (ga) tathA siddheH sAmarthya yogata evaM kAryaniSpatteH niSpannayogasyAsaMgAnuSThAnapravAhapradarzanena siddhayogasyAyaM zAstreNa naadhiiyte| - vahI 16/16, svo0 vR0 adyasmAt pazyakasya svata eva viditavedyasya / / uddizyata ityudezaH sadasatkartavyAkartavyAdezo nAsti / / - vahI AcArAMgasUtra 2/73. uddhRta : dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA,16/16 svo0 vR0 (ka) kulapravRttacakrA ye ta evasyAdhikAriNaH / yogino na tu sarve'pi tathA siddhayAdi-bhAvataH / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 206 (kha) zAstreNAdhIyate cAyaM nAsiddhergotrayoginAm / siddherniSpannayogasya noddezaH pazyakasya yat / / -dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA 16/16

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yoga ke adhikArI, prAthamika yogyatA evaM Avazyaka nirdeza 105 karanA par3atA hai| tadanurUpa kucha yogyatA arjita karanI par3atI hai| maharSi pataJjali ne tIna prakAra ke sAdhakoM ke lie tIna prakAra ke yoga-upAyoM (abhyAsa-vairAgya, kriyAyoga, aSTAMgayoga) kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| kisa prakAra kA sAdhaka aSTAMgayoga kA pAlana karane ke yogya ho sakatA hai, isa viSaya kI koI carcA unhoMne nahIM kI hai| sambhavataH unakI dRSTi meM sabhI vyakti yoga-sAdhanA karane kI yogyatA rakhate haiN| yaha bAta dUsarI hai ki sAdhanA kI ucca koTi meM sabhI vyakti na pahu~ca skeN| A. jainayoga-mata jainadharma meM nivRttimArga kI pradhAnatA hai aura nivRtti kA mArga sAdhucaryA hai| vahI mokSa kA sAkSAt mArga hai| kintu sabake lie sAdhu-mArga para calanA sambhava nahIM hai, aura munidharma/sAdhudharma ko apanAye binA mokSa kI prApti sambhava nahIM hai| mokSa hI parama puruSArtha hai| jainadharma meM pratyeka jIva ke lie mokSa prApta karanA jIvana kA aMtima lakSya batAyA gayA hai, tathA gRhastha ke lie gRhasthadharma yA sAgAradharma aura muni ke lie dharma yA munidharma kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra jaina-paramparA meM nivRttimArga kA anusaraNa karane meM asamartha gRhastha sAdhakoM ke lie dharmapUrvaka pravRttimArga kA prAvadhAna hai| ukta pravRttimArga azubha pravRttiyoM se nivRtta hokara zubha pravRttiyoM meM pravRtta hone kI preraNA detA hai| pravRttimArga meM rahate hue bhI sAdhaka kA lakSya yaha rahatA hai ki vaha usa sthiti se Upara uThakara arthAt zubha-azubha donoM pravRttiyoM se rahita zuddha Atma-svarUpa kI prApti kara ske| nivRttimArga kI carama pariNati pUrNa vItarAgatA evaM arhanta-pada athavA jIvanmukta avasthA kI prApti meM hotI hai| isa kAraNa jaina-paramparA meM sAdhaka ke lie nivRttiparaka AcAra kI pradhAnatA dikhAI detI hai| vaidika-paramparA ke gItA, dharmasUtra, evaM smRti Adi granthoM meM pravRtti evaM nivRtti donoM prakAra ke mArgoM kA saMketa milatA hai| A0 haribhadrasUri aise prathama AcArya haiM jinhoMne jaina-paramparA ko vaidika-paramparA ke anukUla DhAlane kA prayatna kiyA hai| A0 haribhadra mUlataH brAhmaNa the| ataH aisI saMbhAvanA karanA ucita hai ki unake vidyAbhyAsa kA prArambha prAcIna brAhmaNa-paramparA ke anurUpa hI huA hogA aura unhoMne samasta brAhmaNagranthoM kA gahanatA se parizIlana kiyA hogaa| vaidika evaM jaina donoM paramparAoM meM pracalita vidhAnoM kI paraspara tulanA karane para jaba unheM anabhava haA hogA ki gRhasthavarga samAja kA kendra binda hai, to unhoMne gahastha ke lie AdhyAtmika mArga para pragati karane hetu sAmAjikadharma evaM maryAdAoM kA yogya rIti se pAlana karate hue unake AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA patha vizeSa rIti se prazasta kiyaa| AdhyAtmikatA ke nAma para avazya AcaraNIya sAmAjika kartavyoM kI upekSA se AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA mArga avaruddha hotA hai| isalie A0 haribhadra ne sAdhaka gRhasthavarga ke lie nivRtti ke sAtha-sAtha pravRttidharma kI dRSTi se AcaraNIya kucha Avazyaka niyamoM evaM kartavyoM kA vidhAna kiyA, jinheM mArgAnusArI sAdhaka ke guNoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| anya yoga granthoM meM ukta Avazyaka kartavya, yoga-mArga meM praveza karane se pahale kI jAne vAlI pUrva OM 1. anagAradharmAbhRta, prastAvanA, pR014-15 2. sAgAradharmAmRta, 1/3 AtmAnuzAsana, 235, jJAnArNava, 23/1, 25. 30. 37 AtmAnuzAsana, 236 vahI, 237 (ka) pravRttaM ca nivRttaM ca dvividha karma vaidikam / Avarteta prayatnena, nivRttenAznute mRtam / / - bhAgavatapurANa,7/15/47 (kha) bhAgavatapurANa,6/1/1-2: manusmRti, 12/88: mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 340/2-3. 16/1.36/12-13. 217/4 7. dharmabinduprakaraNa, prathama adhyAya

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106 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana taiyArI ke rUpa meM varNita haiN|' isa taiyArI ko yogabindu meM pUrvasevA yogadRSTisamuccaya meM 'yogabIja tathA yogazataka meM laukikadharma'' ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| pUrvasevA' meM ukta niyamoM kA vyApaka evaM spaSTa rUpa se citraNa hai| 'yogabIja' evaM 'laukikadharma' meM ullikhita karttavya karma bhI pUrvasevA meM hI antarbhUta ho jAte haiN| isalie upA0 yazovijaya ne bhI 'pUrvasevA' kI spaSTatara vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai| __A0 zubhacandra ne bhI 'pUrvasevA' se sambaddha viSayoM kA bhinna-bhinna prasaMgoM meM vivecana kiyA hai, parantu unhoMne pUrvasevA ke sthAna para 'vRddhasevA' pada ko grahaNa kiyA hai| A0 hemacandra ne haribhadra se prabhAvita hokara gRhastha ko vizeSa mahattA pradAna kI hai, aura gRhastha kI bhUmikA para hI yogazAstra kI racanA kI hai, kyoMki rAjA kumArapAla gRhastha the aura hemacandra ne kumArapAla ke lie hI ukta grantha kI racanA kI thii| unhoMne samyagdRSTi sAdhaka ke lie yaha arhatA prApta karane se pUrva athavA prApta kara lene para tathA aNuvratadharma kA bhI pAlana karane se pahale Arambhika taiyArI ke rUpa meM kucha niyamoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jinheM, 'mArgAnusArI ke guNa' kahA gayA hai| ye niyama yadyapi saMkhyA meM 35 hI haiM, tathApi ve gRhastha jIvana ke sabhI pahaluoM kA sparza karate haiN| A0 haribhadrakRta dharmabindu meM bhI mArgAnusArI ke ina guNoM kA vistRta vivecana hai| saMkSepa meM inakA svarUpa isa prakAra hai - (ka) pUrvasevA ___ adhyAtmayoga ke lie upadiSTa pUrvabhUmikA arthAt prathama sopAna 'pUrvasevA' hai| guru devAdi pUjyavarga kI sevA, dInajanoM ko dAna, sadAcAra, tapa aura makti ke prati adveSa bhAva ko parvasevA kahA gaya meM A0 haribhadra ne prathama adhikArI apunarbandhaka ke lie parapIr3A-parihAra, deva, guru, atithi jaise viziSTa puruSoM kI pUjA tathA dInajanoM ko dAna rUpa laukikadharmoM kA pAlana Avazyaka batAyA hai| 1. devagurupUjana ___ A0 haribhadra ke anusAra adhyAtmayoga-mArga para Age bar3hane ke lie usakI taiyArI kI dRSTi se vyakti kA mAnasika saMskAra isa prakAra kA honA cAhiye ki vaha guruvarga meM kevala dharmaguru ko hI apanA guru na mAne, apitu saba bujurgoM ko guru samajhakara, unakA bhI Adara kre| aise bujurgoM arthAt gurujanoM meM unhoMne mAtA-pitA, kalAcArya, jJAtijana vipra evaM vRddhajanoM Adi kA samAveza kiyA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ve yoga-mArga ke zikSaka ke rUpa meM guru kI AvazyakatA kA anubhava karate the| guru vaha hai, jo manuSya ke yogaprAsAdaprathabhUmikArUpA punaH tantrajJaiH- samyagadhigatazAstraiH prakIrtitA' ityuttareNa yogH|- yogabindu 106 para svo0 vR0 2. yogabindu, 106-146 yogadRSTisamuccaya, 22, 23, 27, 28 yogazataka, 25, 26 dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA meM pUrvasevA nAmaka 12vI dvAtriMzikA jJAnArNava, 4/6-14 yogazAstra, 1/47-57 dharmabindu, 1/2 (ka) pUrvasevA tu tantrajJairgurudevAdipUjanam / sadAcArastapo muktyaveSazceha prkiirtitaa|| - yogabindu, 106 (kha) pUrvasevA tu yogasya, gurudevAdipUjanam / sadAcArastapo muktyadveSazceha prkiirtitaa|| - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA 12/1 10. yogazataka, 25 11. mAtA-pitA kalAcArya eteSAM jnyaatystthaa| vRddhA dharmopadeSTAro guruvargaH satAM mataH / / - yogabindu, 110, dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA 12/2

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yoga ke adhikArI, prAthamika yogyatA evaM Avazyaka nirdeza 107 hRdayastha ajJAna-aMdhakAra ko samApta karake use jJAna ke prakAza se prakAzita kara de| dUsare zabdoM meM mana meM ajJAna, aviveka, hiMsA, asatya, steya, maithuna aura parigraha Adi doSoM ke andhakAra ko vinaSTa karane vAlA mahApuruSa 'guru' kahalAtA hai| vRddha puruSoM kI sevA tathA unakA Adara karane se bhI mArga darzakatA prApta hotI hai| guNavAn kI saMgati se, unake saMparka se aura unakI paryupAsanA se guNoM kI pahacAna hotI hai| guNoM ke prati rAga hotA hai aura unheM prApta karane kI icchA hotI hai| sAdhaka apanI isa icchApUrti hetu prayAsa karatA hai, zubhAcaraNa karatA hai| isake atirikta mAtA-pitA Adi bhI mArgadarzaka hote haiN| sabase pahale mAtA-pitA hI baccoM ko acche-bure kartavya-akartavya kA jJAna karAte haiN| unheM sadA zubha mArga para calane ke lie prerita karate haiN| unake isa upakAra kA RNa kisI bhI prakAra nahIM cukAyA jA sktaa| A0 haribhadra ne mAtA-pitA kI bhI guruvada sevA, pUjA va Adara-satkAra karane kA upadeza diyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki jisa kArya se mAtA-pitA, kalAcArya unake saMbaMdhI, zikSaka, vRddha evaM dharmopadezaka Adi kA aniSTa ho, usa kArya kA tyAga kara denA cAhiye tathA jisa meM unakA hita ho, vaisI pravRtti karanI cAhie, jisase unake dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa rUpa puruSArtha meM bAdhA yA kaSTa na ho, aise kArya karane caahie| unakI ucita prakAra se mAna-sammAna-dAna Adi se pUjA karanI caahiye| unakI vaya, jJAna aura upakAra ke anurUpa unakA mAna karanA cAhiye aura unake prati vinayabhAva rakhanA caahie| devapUjana ke viSaya meM ve kahate haiM ki AdhyAtmika vyakti ko yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki kisI deva vizeSa meM AsthA hone para bhI vaha anyadevoM ke prati dveSa bhAva na rkhe| sabhI devoM kA samabhAva se Adara kre| unake anusAra uttama gRhastha ke lie sabhI deva mAnanIya haiM, aisA vicAra karane se apane mAnya deva se bhinna dUsare devoM ke prati aruci athavA hInabhAvanA dUra ho sakatI hai| aisI sarvadevanamaskAra kI udAttavRtti anta meM lAbhadAyaka siddha hotI hai, yaha batAne ke lie hI unhoMne cArisaMjIvanInyAya kAdRSTAMta bhI diyA hai| jisa prakAra vizeSa parIkSA kI yogyatA na hone ke kAraNa saba vanaspatiyoM ke sAtha saMjIvanI bUTI carAkara, eka strI ne apane pati rUpa baila ko punaH manuSyatva rUpa prApta karAyA thA, usI prakAra vizeSa parIkSAvikala prArambhika yogAdhikArI bhI saba devoM kI samabhAva se upAsanA karate-karate yoga-mArga meM vikAsa karake iSTa lAbha kara sakatA hai| sambhava hai ki ukta dRSTAnta bahuta purAnA ho, parantu isakA viniyoga sarvadevoM ke prati samAna Adara rakhane ke bhAva se A0 haribhadra evaM upA0 yazovijaya jI ne 1. ajJAnatimirAndhasya jnyaanaanyjnshlaakyaa| cakSurunmIlitaM yena tasmai zrIgurave namaH / / - nAradapurANa 1/65/56. tulanA : AdipurANa, 6/173-177; yogazAstra, 12/15--16: padamanandipaMcaviMzati 6/18; pANinIya zikSA, 56 yogabindu, 111-115: dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA,12/3-6 (ka) guNAdhikyaparijJAnAda vishesse'pyetdissyte| adveSeNa tadanyeSAM, vRttAdhikye tathAtmanaH / / - yogabindu, 120 kha) dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 12/10 avizeSeNa sarveSAmadhimuktivazena vA / gRhiNAM mAnanIyA yat,sarve devA mahAtmanAm / / sarvAn devAn namasyanti, naikaM devaM samAzritAH / jitendriyA jitakrodhA durgANyatitaranti te|| - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 117, 118 evaM dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 15/7-8 (ka) cArisaMjIvanIcAranyAya eSa satAM mataH / nAnyathA'treSTasiddhiH syAdvizeSeNAdikarmaNAma || - yogabindu, 116 (kha) cArisaMjIvanIcAranyAyAdevaM phalodayaH / mArgapravezarUpaH syAdvizeSeNAdikarmaNAm || - adhyAtmopaniSada, 1/66, dvAtriMzadavAtriMzikA 12/6

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108 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhinna-bhinna paMthoM ke bIca devoM ke nAma para hone vAle kalaha ko kama karane kA sarvasamanvaya sUcaka sahI mArga logoM ke sAmane upasthita kiyA hai| ___ dravya evaM bhAvabheda se pUjana do prakAra kA hotA hai| arhat-siddhAdi ko lakSya banAkara gandha, puSpa, dhUpa aura akSata Adi viziSTa vastuoM dvArA unakI pratimAoM kI pUjA karanA dravyapUjana hai aura bhAvapUrvaka mana meM unako sthAna denA bhAvapUjana hai| apanA sarvasva deva ko arpaNa karanA aura yathAsAmarthya unakI bhakti karanA, ye saba devapUjana ke antargata Ate haiN| dhana kA tIrthAdika zubha sthAna meM vyaya, deva ke lie sundara mandira kA nirmANa, bimba-sthApanA Adi ke rUpa meM devapUjana kiyA jAtA hai| A0 haribhadra ne devapUjana kI ukta vidhiyoM para bhI prakAza DAlA hai| ___ yogadRSTisamuccaya meM kahA gayA hai ki jina bhagavAn ke prati kuzala-zubhabhAva yukta citta se namaskAra karanA, mana, vacana aura kAya kI pUrNa zuddhipUrvaka unheM praNAma karake apane bhaktibhAva ko prakaTa karanA, AcAryAdi bhAvayogiyoM kI pUjA karanA; guru, deva, brAhmaNa-vipra, yati aura tapasviyoM kI tanmayatA evaM zraddhApUrvaka pUjA sammAnAdi karanA 'yogabIja' hai|' 2. dAna A0 haribhadra ne guruoM evaM devoM ke prati bhakti-bhAvanA ke atirikta, eka mahatvapUrNa sAmAjika kartavya 'dAna' kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki rogI, anAtha, nirdhana Adi nissahAya varga ko sahAyatA ke rUpa meM unakI AvazyakatA kI vastue~ dAna meM denI caahiyeN| parantu dAna dete samaya yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki apane Azrita janoM kI upekSA na hone paaye| atyanta mahatvaparNa hai ki A0 haribhadra ne paNya ke lobha meM binA vicAre dAna dene ko anucita batAkara, pratyeka vyakti ko apane AzritoM ke prati kiye jAne vAle kartavya kA AbhAsa karAyA hai| yoga ke pUrva upAyoM meM dAna kA ullekha isalie kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki isase tyAgadharma kI zuruAta hotI hai| 3. sadAcAra nIti ke uttama niyamoM kA anusaraNa karanA 'sadAcAra' hai| mokSa-mArgadarzaka ke rUpa meM yaha ati upayogI hai| haribhadra ne 'sadAcAra' ke antargata aneka guNoM kA samAveza kiyA hai| unake anusAra saba prakAra kI nindA kA tyAga sAdhu puruSoM kA guNagAna, vipatti ke samaya bhI dInatA anaMgIkAra, sampatti hone para bhI nirabhimAnatA, samayAnukala evaM satyabhASaNa, vacanoM kA pAlana, azubha kAryoM meM dhana aura kulakramAgata dhArmika kRtyoM kA anusaraNa, pramAda kA tyAga, lokavyavahAra meM upayogI aura lokasammata, niyamAnusAra vinaya, namana, dAna ityAdi kA paripAlana, nindanIya kAryoM meM apravRtti tathA prANanAza kA 1. (ka) puSpaizca balinA caiva vastraiH stotraizca zomanaiH / devAnAM pUjanaM jJeyaM zaucazraddhAsamanvitam ||-yogbindu, 116 (kha) devAnAM pUjanaM jJeyaM zaucazraddhAdipUrvakam / puSpairvilepanai--painaivedyaiH zobhanaiH stavaiH / / - dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 12/6 yogadRSTisamuccaya, 22-23, 26 vahI, 151 (ka) pAtre dInAdivarge ca dAnaM vidhivadiSyate / poSyavargAvirodhena na viruddhaM svatazca yat / / - yogabindu, 121 AturApathyatulyaM yadAnaM tadapi ceSyate / pAtre dInAdivarge ca poSyavargAvirodhataH / / - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 12/11 (ga) yogadRSTisamuccaya, 27

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yoga ke adhikArI, prAthamika yogyatA evaM Avazyaka nirdeza 109 prasaMga A jAne para bhI nindita kArya nahIM karanA sadAcAra ke antargata Ate haiN| saMkSepa meM ve saba zubha kArya jinake pravartana se manuSya kI prabhAvazIla tathA lokakalyANaka, nItiyukta (nItivAn) aura sadguNI manuSyoM meM gaNanA hotI hai tathA jisa vyavahAra se loka meM atizAyI prAmANikatA aura saujanya ke guNa prApta hote haiM, una sabako sadAcAra meM samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai| nIti ke ve zreSTha niyama, jinheM naitika bindu kahA jAtA hai, utkRSTa cAritrika guNa mAne gaye haiN| ina sabakA 'yoga kI pUrvasevA' meM samAveza hotA hai| yoga-dharma kA vAstavika adhikArI naitika dRSTi se tanika bhI patita nahIM hotaa| yogamArgArUr3ha sAdhaka ke lie sadAcAra ke sabhI naitika niyamoM kA pAlana svAbhAvika aura anivArya hai| 4. tapa aneka prakAra ke tapa karane se indriyoM para saMyama hotA hai| jaina-paramparA meM azubha karmoM ko naSTa karane ke lie tapa ke rUpa meM sAdhanA pracalita thii| vAsanAoM ko kSINa karane, azubha karmoM ko naSTa karane evaM sAdhanA ke lie AdhyAtmika bala prApta karane ke lie zarIra, mana aura indriyoM ko jina-jina upAyoM se tapAyA jAtA hai, ve sabhI tapa haiN| upA0 yazovijaya kSudhA aura kRzatA ko tapa kA lakSaNa na mAnate hue, titikSA (krodha aura dInatA se rahita sahanazIlatA ke pariNAma vAlI kSamA) tathA brahmagupti (nau prakAra ke brahmacarya kA pAlana) Adi rUpa bodha ko hI 'tapa' kahate haiN| unakA kathana hai ki jisa tapa se krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA nAza, brahma aura vItarAga kA dhyAna hotA hai, use hI zuddha aura nirdoSa tapa samajhanA caahiye| jaina-paramparA meM tapa kI aneka vidhiyA~ pracalita haiN| mukhyataH tapa ke do bheda mAne gaye haiM- bAhya aura Abhyantara / zarIra kI bAhyakriyA se sambandhita tapa ko 'bAhyatapa' kahA jAtA hai| bAhyatapa chaH prakAra kA hai- 1. anazana, 2. UnodarI (avamaudaya), 3. bhikSAcarI (vRtti parisaMkhyAna) 4. rasaparityAga, 5. kAyakleza kta zayyAsana (prtisliintaa)| bAhyakriyA kI apekSA jisakA sambandha AtmA se hotA hai, aise tapa ko Abhyantara tapa kahA jAtA hai| vaha bhI chaH prakAra kA hai - 1. prAyazcita, 2. vinaya, 3. vaiyAvRtya, lokApavAdabhIrutvaM, dInAbhyuddharaNAdaraH / kRtajJatA sudAkSiNyaM, sadAcAraH prkiirtitH|| sarvatra nindAsaMtyAgo.varNavAdazca sAdhuSu / ApadyadainyamatyantaM tadvata saMpadi namratA / / prastAve mitabhASitvamavisaMvAdanaM tathA / pratipannakriyA ceti, kuladharmAnupAlanam / / asadavyayaparityAgaH, sthAne caitakriyA sdaa| pradhAnakArye nirbandhaH pramAdasya vivarjanam / / lokAcArAnuvRttizca, sarvatraucityapAlanam / pravRttirgarhite neti, prANaiH knntthaagtairpi|| - yogabindu, 126-130 (kha) dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 12/13-16 bubhukSA dehakAzya vA, tapaso nAsti lkssnnm| titikSA brahmaguptyAdi sthAnaM jJAnaM tu tadvapuH / / - adhyAtmasAra, 6/18/158 3. yatra rodhaH kaSAyANA, brahmadhyAnaM jinasya ca / jJAtavyaM tattapaH zuddhamavaziSTaM tu laMghanam / / - vahI, 6/18/157 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 30/7 (ka) aNasanamUNoyariyA bhikkhAcariyA ya rasapariccAo / kAyakileso saMlINayA ya bajjho tavo hoI / / - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 30/8 (kha) anazanAvamaudaryavRttiparisaMkhyAnarasaparityAgaviviktazayyAsanakAyaklezA bAhyaM tpH| - tattvArthasUtra, 6/16 om OM

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110 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 4. svAdhyAya, 5. dhyAna aura 6. vyutsrg|' bAhyatapa Abhyantaratapa meM sahAyaka hotA hai| isalie bAhyatapa ko antastapa kA eka sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| bAhyatapa se sthUla zaktiyoM para aMkuza lagAyA jA sakatA hai| taduparAnta mAnasika vRttiyA~ bhI sAdhaka ke vazIbhUta ho jAtI haiN| tapa meM hI citta ko yoga-sAdhanA meM samartha banAne kI zakti hai| ataH yogabhUmikA para ArUr3ha hone ke lie 'tapa' Avazyaka hai| isIlie A0 haribhadra ne yoga-sAdhanA kI pUrvAvasthA meM 'tapa' ko atyanta mahatvapUrNa sthAna diyA hai| unhoMne jainetara paramparA meM pracalita cAndrAyaNa, kRcchra, mRtyughna aura pApasUdana Adi tapoM kA bhI parigaNana kiyA hai| unakA vicAra hai ki yadi jaina dRSTi se yoga sadhatA hai, to cAndrAyaNAdi vratoM ko karane vAlA bhI vratI kyoM nahIM ho sakatA arthAt vaha bhI vratI khlaayegaa| jaina-paramparA meM to aNuvrata aura mahAvratoM kA pAlana karane vAlA hI vratI kahalAtA hai aura samyagdarzana kI prApti se pUrva sAdhaka ko vratoM kA pAlana karane meM asamartha mAnA jAtA hai| A0 haribhadra ne cAndrAyaNAdi vratoM ko bhI yoga kI pUrvabhUmikA meM sthAna dekara yoga ko samyak darzana kI saMkIrNa paribhASA se Upara uThAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| isa vicAra ke pIche, yoga-sAdhanA ke prati Adara bhAva kA nirmANa karanA unakA eka viziSTa uddezya thaa| A0 haribhadra evaM upA0 yazovijaya ne ukta cAndrAyaNAdi vratoM (kriyAyoga ke antargata parigaNita) ko pApanAzaka batAte hue, unakI vidhi kA vivecana bhI apane granthoM meM kiyA hai| 5. mokSa-adveSa ___mokSa ke prati dveSabhAva na rakhanA arthAt mokSa ke prati prItibhAva rakhanA eka anivArya Abhyantara upAya hai, jo yoga-prApti ke lie Avazyaka hai| mokSa meM na koI viSayabhoga hai aura na kisI prakAra kA sNklesh| parantu kucha bhavAbhinandI jIva atizaya rAga ke kAraNa usI meM anuraJjita rahate haiM, use hI apanA sarvasva mAnate haiN| aisI rAgayukta avasthA meM tyAga saMbhava nhiiN| bhavAbhinandI jIva tIvra ajJAna aura mithyAtva ke kAraNa mokSa se dveSa karane lagate haiN| zAstroM meM bhI mokSa ke prati dveSa rakhane vAloM ke AlApa sune jAte haiM, jo satpuruSoM ke sunane yogya nahIM hote, kyoMki satpuruSa to indriya-sukhoM ko bhI duHkha hI mAnate haiM, jabaki bhavAbhinandI jIva indriyaviSayoM aura unase prApta hone vAle sukhoM ko hI vAstavika sukha mAnakara mokSa 1. (ka) pAyacchittaM viNao veyAvaccaM taheva sjjhaao| jhANaM ca viussaggo eso abhiMtaro tavo / / - uttarAdhyayanasUtra. 30/30 (kha) prAyazcittavinayavaiyAvRtyasvAdhyAyavyutsargadhyAnAnyuttaram / - tattvArthasUtra, 6/20 adu porisiM............ jhaayi| - AcArAMgasUtra, 6/1/5 rAI dipi jymaanne........jhaai|- vahI 6/2/4 akasAI vigygehii........jhaai| - vahI 6/4/15 (ka) vidhinoktena mArgeNa kRcchracAndrAyaNAdibhiH / zarIra-zoSaNaM prAhustapasAstapa uttamam / / - yogi yAjJavalkya, 2/2.3 (kha) vratAni caiSAM yathAyogaM kRcchrcaandraaynnsaantaapnaadiini| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/32 para vyAsabhASya 4. (ka) tapo'pi ca yathAzakti karttavyaM pApatApanam tacca cAndrAyaNaM kRcchra mRtyughnaM pApasUdanam / / - yogabindu, 131 (kha) tapazcAndrAyaNaM kRcchre mRtyunaM pApasUdanam / AdidhArmikayogyaM syAdapi laukikmuttmm|| - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 12/17 yogabindu, 132-135 dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 12/18-31 (ka) kRtsnakarmakSayAnmukti gasaMklezavarjitA / bhavAbhinandinAmasyAM dveSo'jJAnanibaMdhanaH / / - yogabindu, 136 (kha) mokSaH karmakSayo nAma bhogasaMklezavarjitaH / ___ tatra dveSo dRDhAjJAnAdaniSTapratipattitaH / / - dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 12/22 ja

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yoga ke adhikArI, prAthamika yogyatA evaM Avazyaka nirdeza 111 kI avahelanA karate hai| jo mokSa ke prati dveSa rakhate haiM, ve mahAmoha se abhibhUta, akalyANamaya jIva janma-maraNa ke cakra meM pha~sakara saMsAravardhana karate haiN| isake viparIta jo jIva mokSa ke prati dveSa nahIM rakhate, unheM prazaMsAyogya kahA gayA hai| jo jIva saMsAra ke bIja rUpa moha kA tyAga kara cuke hote haiM, ve kalyANa ke bhAgI hote haiN| isa prakAra mokSa ke prati dveSabhAva na rakhate hue tadanurUpa AcaraNa karane se mokSa prApta karane meM sahAyatA milatI hai| jo jIva mukti ke prati adveSa, guru devAdi kA pUjana Adi kArya karate haiM, ve hI Atmahita karate haiN| va jinakI AtmA doSayukta hai, ve uttama kalyANa-mArga ko prApta nahIM kara skte| jo doSayukta hone para bhI satkArya karate haiM, unake dvArA, bar3e-bar3e doSoM kA sevana karane vAle jIva ke dvArA, ghora doSapUrNa kriyA karane vAle jIva ke dvArA kie gae choTe-choTe satkArya bhI mahattvahIna ho jAte haiN| yaha to bhIloM ke rAjA kI usa AjJA jaisA hai jisameM usane apane bhauta-bhautikatA pradhAna guru (athavA zarIra para bhUti-rAkha malane vAle) ko paira se sparza na karane kA Adeza dekara AdarabhAva vyakta kiyA thA, paraMtu sAtha hI guru ke vadha kI AjJA dekara ghora hiMsAmaya aparAdha bhI kiyaa| gurujanoM kI pUjAdi ke jo pUrvasevA Adi prakAra haiM, unameM sabase adhika mahattva mukti ke prati adveSabhAva kA hI hai| isIlie A0 haribhadra ne sAMsArika jaMjAla se nivRtta hone ke lie mukti ke prati adveSabhAva rakhane kA upadeza diyA hai| uparyukta dhArmika vyApAroM kA pAlana kie binA sAdhaka ko mokSa prApti ke agrima sopAnoM para car3hane kI yogyatA prApta nahIM hotI, isalie yathArtha rUpa se yoga-sAdhanA prArambha karane se pUrva prAthamika yogyatA ke rUpa meM ukta dharmoM kA pAlana anivArya hai| pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM varNita kriyAyoga' (tapa, svAdhyAya aura Izvara-praNidhAna) tathA aSTAMgayoga ke dvitIya aMga 'niyama' meM inakA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| antara kevala yaha hai ki yoga-paramparA meM inheM spaSTa rUpa se pUrvabhUmikA ke rUpa meM nirdiSTa nahIM kiyA gyaa| (kha) mArgAnusArI ke guNa A0 haribhadra evaM hemacandra ne mArgAnusArI ke nimnalikhita 35 guNa batAye haiM - 1. nyAya-nIti se dhanopArjana krnaa| 2. ziSTajanoM kA yathocita sammAna karanA, unase zikSA grahaNa karanA aura unake AcAra kI prazaMsA krnaa| 1. yogabindu, 137, 138; dvAtriMzadavAtriMzikA,12/23-25 : tulanA : pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/15 evaM usa para tattvavaizAradI TIkA 2. mahAmohAmibhUtAnAmevaM dveSo'tra jAyate / akalyANavatAM pusAM tathA saMsAravardhanaH / / - yogabindu, 136 nAsti yeSAmayaM tatra te'pi dhanyAH prakIrtitAH / bhavabIjaparityAgAt tathA kalyANabhAjinaH / / - vahI, 140 anenApi prakAreNa dveSAbhAvo'tra tattvataH / hitastu yat tadete'pi tathAkalyANabhAginaH / / - vahI. 146 yeSAmeva na muktyAdau dveSo gurvAdipUjanam / ta eva cAru kurvanti nAnye tadagarudoSataH / / - vahI, 147 sacceSTitamapi stokaM gurudoSavato na tat / bhautahanturyathA'nyatra pAdasparzaniSedhanam / / - vahI, 148 gurvAdipUjanAnneha tathA guNa udaahRtH| muktyadveSAt yathA'tyaMta mahApAyanivRttitaH / / - vahI, 146 dharmabindu, 1/3-57 yogazAstra, 1/47-56

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112 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 3. samAna kula aura AcAra vAle, svadharmI kintu bhinna gotra meM utpanna vyakti ke sAtha vaivAhika sambandha krnaa| 4. corI, parastrIgamana, asatyabhASaNa Adi pApa karmoM kA tyAga krnaa| 5. apane deza ke kalyANakArI AcAra-vicAra aura saMskRti kA pAlana krnaa| 6. kisI dUsare kI, vizeSa rUpa se rAjA tathA rAjya karmacAriyoM kI nindA na krnaa| 7. aise ghara meM nivAsa karanA jo na adhika gupta ho aura na adhika khulA ho, jo surakSA vAlA bhI ho aura jisameM avyAhata vAyu evaM prakAza A ske| 8. ghara meM bAhara nikalane ke aneka dvAra na rkhnaa| sadAcArI janoM kI saMgati krnaa| 10. mAtA-pitA kI pUjA, unakA Adara-sammAna karanA / 11. upadrava vAle sthAna se dUra rhnaa| 12. nindanIya kArya meM pravRtti na krnaa| 13. Aya ke anusAra vyaya krnaa| 14. vaibhava/deza aura kAla ke anusAra vastrAbhUSaNa dhAraNa krnaa| 15. dharmazravaNa karane kI icchA, avasara milane para dharmazravaNa, zAstroM kA adhyayana, unakA smaraNa, jijJAsA-prerita zAstracarcA, viruddha artha se bacanA, arthajJAna aura tattvajJAna prApta karanA evaM buddhi ke ina sadguNoM se yukta hokara dharma-zravaNa krnaa| 16. ajIrNa hone para bhojana kA tyAga krnaa| 17. bhojana ke samaya santoSa se pathya-yukta bhojana krnaa| 18. dharma, artha aura kAma Adi tIna puruSArthoM kA isa prakAra sevana karanA, jisase kisI meM bAdhA utpanna na ho| 16. apanI zakti ke anusAra atithi, sAdhu evaM dIna-dukhiyoM kI sevA krnaa| 20. mithyA-Agraha se dUra rhnaa| 21. guNoM ke prati pakSapAta honA aura unako prApta karane kA prayatna krnaa| 22. niSiddha dezAcAra evaM niSiddha kAlAcAra kA tyAga krnaa| 23. apanI zakti-azakti arthAta sAmarthya-asAmarthya kA vicAra karake kArya krnaa| 24. AcAravRddha aura jJAnavRddha janoM ko apane ghara Amantrita karanA, sammAnita karanA evaM yathocita sevA krnaa| 25. mAtA-pitA, patnI, putra Adi AzritoM kA yathAyogya bharaNa-poSaNa krnaa| 26. dIrghadarzI honaa| kisI bhI kArya ko prArambha karane se pUrva usake guNoM-avaguNoM para vicAra krnaa| 27. apane hita-ahita, kRtya-akRtya ke prati vivekazIla honaa| 28. kRtajJa honaa| 26. lokapriya honaa| 30. lajjAzIla honA, anucita kArya karane meM lajjA kA anubhava krnaa| 31. karuNAzIla, dayAvAna honaa| 32. saumya svabhAvayukta honaa| 33. paropakAra karane meM karmaTha honaa| el

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yoga ke adhikArI, prAthamika yogyatA evaM Avazyaka nirdeza 34. kAma, krodha, lobha, moha, mada aura mAtsarya Adi chaH Antarika zatruoM kA tyAga karane meM tatpara honA / 35. indriya- vijetA honA / ukta 35 guNoM se yukta jIva hI viziSTa gRhasthadharma kI bhUmikA taka pahu~ca kara zrAvaka banane ke yogya hotA hai / usameM yoga mArga para calane kI yogyatA A jAtI hai| ataH ina 35 guNoM ko gRhastha-dharma kI nIMva yA AdhArabhUmi samajhanA cAhiye / A0 hemacandra ne svaMya likhA hai - "gRhi dharmAya kalpate" / ' ina guNoM ko jo dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha sadgRhastha kI bhUmikA para pratiSThita hotA hai| ataH gRhasthadharma aMgIkAra karane se pUrva uparokta 35 guNoM ke dvArA jIvana ko zuddha karanA Avazyaka hai| ina sarvaguNoM se yukta mArgAnusArI jIva hI zrAvaka banakara, aNuvrata-sAdhanA kA adhikArI banatA hai| (ga) sAdhaka ke lie nirdiSTa anuSThAna 'cAritrI' vyakti sadanuSThAnoM meM pravRtta rahatA hai aura asadanuSThAnoM se bacane kA prayatna karatA hai| jainadRSTi bhAvazuddhi ko adhika pramukhatA detI hai, isalie pratyeka anuSThAna kI prazastatA / aprazastatA kA AdhAra bhAvoM prazastatA / aprazastatA hai| isI dRSTi se A0 haribhadra ne sAdhaka kI sthiti vizeSa ke AdhAra para anuSThAnoM kI prazastatA / aprazastatA kA nirdhAraNa kiyA hai / anuSThAna ke prakAra zAstroM meM aneka prakAra ke anuSThAnoM kA varNana milatA hai, parantu ve sabhI eka jaise nahIM hote| na hI unakA prabhAva eka jaisA hotA hai aura na hI sabhI sAdhakoM ke lie sabhI anuSThAna upayogI siddha hote haiN| isIlie A0 haribhadra ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki jisaprakAra eka hI bhojya padArtha kA eka rugNa vyakti dvArA sevana kiyA jAe aura usI padArtha ko eka svastha vyakti sevana kare to donoM kI pariNati eka jaisI na hokara bhinna hotI hai, usI prakAra eka hI anuSThAna, kartA ke bheda se bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA ho jAtA hai aura bhinna-bhinna vyaktiyoM ko pRthak-pRthak phala pradAna karatA hai| phala prApti kA AdhAra AMtarika Azaya aura tattvAvabodha hai| ataH ukta anuSThAna kaisA hai, usakA bAhyadRSTi se vicAra karanA cAhiye / A0 haribhadra ne yogabindu va yogaviMzikA meM pAMca prakAra ke anuSThAnoM kA varNana kiyA hai| :- 1. viSAnuSThAna, 2. garAnuSThAna, 3. ananuSThAna, 4. taddhetu anuSThAna, 5. amRtAnuSThAna / inameM se pahale tIna asadanuSThAna haiM, jabaki antima do sadanuSThAna haiN| inameM se bhI antima anuSThAna moha rUpI ugraviSa kA nAzaka hone se zreSTha kahA gayA hai| tIna asadanuSThAna acaramAvartI jIvoM ko hI hote haiM, kyoMki acaramAvartI jIvoM kI saMsAra 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. antaraMgAriSaDvarga parihAra-parAyaNaH / vazIkRtendriyagrAmo gRhidharmAya kalpate / / - yogazAstra, 1 / 56 bhAvaprAbhRta (aSTapAhuDa) gA0 2-7 ekamevAnuSThAnaM kartRbhedena bhidyate / sarujetarabhedena bhojanAdigataM yathA / / - yogabindu, 153: dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 13/8 (ka) itthaM caitad yataH proktaM sAmAnyenaiva paMcadhA / viSAdikamanuSThAnaM vicAre'traiva yogibhiH || 113 viSaM garo'nanuSThAnaM taddheturamRtaM param / gurvAdipUjAnuSThAnamapekSAdividhAnataH / / - yogabindu, 154 155 (kha) viSaM garrA'nanuSThAnaM taddheturamRtaM param gurusevAdyanuSThAnamiti paMcavidhaM jaguH / / - adhyAtmasAra, 3 / 10 / 2 dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 13/11 dvayaM hi sadanuSThAnaM trayamatrAsadeva ca / tatrApi caramaM zreSThaM mohograviSanAzanAt / / - adhyAtmasAra, 3/10/28

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114 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM atyAdhika Asakti hotI hai ve jo bhI kArya karate haiM. ve saba unake karmabandhana ke kAraNa banate haiN| unakA mukhya uddezya aihika tathA pAralaukika phala kI kAmanA hotA hai| caramAvarta kAla meM karmoM kI malinatA kama ho jAtI hai| ataH isa kAlAvadhi meM praviSTa jIva ke koI anuSThAna asad nahIM hote, apitu ve 'taddhetu nAmaka caturtha anuSThAna kI koTi meM Ate haiN| apunarbandhakAdi yogAdhikAriyoM kA anuSThAna sadanuSThAna hI hotA hai| upA0 yazovijaya ke anusAra Adara, kriyA karane meM prIti, zraddhA, avighna, jJAnAdi sampatti kI prApti, dharmAdi ke vAstavika svarUpa ko jAnane vAle muniyoM kI sevA karanA Adi sadanuSThAna ke lakSaNa haiN| asadanuSThAna yoga-sAdhanA meM bAdhA utpanna karate haiM, isalie haribhadra ne unakA niSedha kara sadanuSThAnoM kA pAlana karane kA upadeza diyA hai| ukta pAMcoM anuSThAnoM kA svarUpa isaprakAra hai -. 1. viSAnuSThAna isa anuSThAna meM sAdhaka kA uddezya dhana, samRddhi evaM kAmabhogoM kI upalabdhi, kIrti, AhAra, upAdhi, pUjA tathA Rddhi Adi prApta karanA hotA hai| jisaprakAra 'viSa' use khAne vAle vyakti kA tatkAla hanana kara detA hai, usIprakAra isa janma meM prApta hone vAle anukUla khAna-pAna Adi bhogoM kI prApti kI AkAMkSA se kiyA huA anuSThAna kartA ke zubhacitta ke zubha-pariNAmoM ko tatkSaNa naSTa kara detA hai| isalie isa anuSThAna ko 'viSa' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| mahAna anuSThAna bhI labdhi Adi kI prArthanA se kiye jAne para tuccha bana jAte haiM, tathA sAdhaka meM laghutA kA bhAva utpanna karate haiN| rAgAdi bhAvoM kI adhikatA ke kAraNa kiye gaye sAdhaka ke lie heya mAnA gayA hai| 2. garAnuSThAna divya bhogoM, svargAdi sukhoM kI abhilASA se kiye jAne vAlA dhArmika anuSThAna puNya karma ke phala kI pUrNatA ko kAlAntara meM kSaya kara detA hai, isalie manISIjana ise 'garAnuSThAna' kahate haiN| jaise kudravyoM/ OM yogabindu, 150, 151: dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA,13/10 (ka) caturthametat prAyeNa jJeyamasya mahAtmanaH / sahajAlpamalatvaM tu yuktiratra puroditA / / - yogabindu, 163 (kha) sadanuSThAnarAgeNa taddheturmArgagAminAm / etacca caramAvarte'nAbhogAdevinA bhavet / / - adhyAtmasAra, 3/10/17 AdaraH karaNe prItiravighnaH sampadAgamaH / jijJAsA tajjJasevA ca sadanuSThAnalakSaNam / / - vahI, 3/10/26 (ka) viSa ladhyAdyapekSAt idaM sccittmaarnnaat| mahato'lpArthanAjjJeyaM lghutvpaadnaattthaa|| - yogabindu. 156 (kha) AhAropadhi-pUjarddhi-prabhRtyAzaMsayA kRtm| zIghra sccitthntRtvaadvissaanusstthaanmucyte|| sthAvara jaMgamaM cA'pi tatkSaNaM bhakSitaM vissm| yathA hanti tathedaM sccittmaihikbhogtH|| - adhyAtmasAra. 3/10/3.4 viSaM labdhyAdyapekSAtaH kssnnaatsccittmaarnnaat| - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 13/12: yogaviMzikA TIkA, 12 divyabhogAbhilASeNa garamAhurmanISiNaH / etada vihitanItyeva kaalaantrnipaatnaat|| - yogabindu, 157 (kha) divya-bhogAbhilASeNa kAlAntara-parikSayAt / svAdRSTaphalasampUrtergarA'nuSThAnamucyate / / - adhyAtmasAra, 3/10/5 (ga) divya-bhogAbhilASeNa garaH kAlAntare kSayAt / / -dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 13/15 (gha) draSTavya : yogaviMzikA, 12. ghara yazo0 vR0

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yoga ke adhikArI, prAthamika yogyatA evaM Avazyaka nirdeza 115 prANaghAtaka dravyoM ke saMyoga se banAyA huA 'gara' nAmaka viSa bhakSaNakartA ko kAlAntara meM dhIre-dhIre mAra DAlatA hai, usI prakAra garAnuSThAna bhI kAlAntara meM (janmAntara meM) AtmA kA hanana kara detA hai| prathama donoM anuSThAna saMsAra kI vRddhi karane vAle, naraka tathA tiryaJcagati meM le jAne vAle tathA aneka prakAra ke mahAna anartha, kleza aura upadrava karAne vAle hote haiN| isalie jinezvaroM ne sarvatra nidAna sahita inakA niSedha karane kI AjJA dI hai| 3. ananuSThAna praNidhAnAdi ke abhAva meM zuddha adhyavasAya rahita hokara, saMmUrchima jIvoM kI mAnasika zUnyatA ke samAna sUne mana se tathA ucita-anucita kA vicAra karane meM asamartha hokara jo kriyAyeM kI jAtI haiM, unheM 'ananuSThAna' kahate hai| inheM isalie 'ananuSThAna' kahate haiM kyoMki ye kriyAyeM kI huI hokara bhI na kiye hue ke barAbara hotI haiN| isa ananuSThAna rUpa anuSThAna meM oghasaMjJA tathA lokasaMjJA, ina do kAraNoM se pravatti hotI hai| vizeSatA rahita sarvasAdhAraNa kA bodha karAne vAlI sAmAnya jJAna rUpa dRSTi 'oghasaMjJA' kahalAtI hai tathA sUtra-kathita nirdoSa mArga kI apekSA se rahita sAdhAraNa manuSya jaisI dRSTi 'lokasaMjJA' kahalAtI hai| isa anuSThAna meM vyakti apanI icchAnusAra kucha na kucha kriyAe~ karatA rahatA hai| parantu na usakI ina kriyAoM ke prati zraddhA hotI hai aura na viveka / ataH gatAnugatikatA arthAt sUtrokta AcArarahita evaM oghasaMjJA se anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai, vaha 'ananaSThAna' kahalAtA hai, aura vaha mokSa kA sAdhaka nahIM hotA, isalie tyAjya hai| kahA jAtA hai ki isa anuSThAna meM zArIrika parizrama atyadhika hone se akAmanirjarA hotI hai, akAmanirjarA se sAMsArika sukha kI prApti hotI hai, ataH yaha tyAjya hai| 4. taddhetu anuSThAna yaha anuSThAna dhArmika kriyAoM ke prati anurAga hone se kiyA jAtA hai| isameM zubha-bhAvoM kA aMza yathAkudravya saMyogajanita garasaMjJitam / viSaM kAlAntare hanti tathedamapi tattvataH / / - adhyAtmasAra, 3/10/6 niSedhAyAnayoreva vicitrAnarthadAyinoH / sarvatraivAnidAtvaM jinendraiH prtipaaditm|| - vahI. 3/10/7 binA garbha se utpanna hone vAle jIva sammarchana kahalAte haiM / (ka) anAbhogavatazcaitadananuSThAnamucyate / saMpramugdha mano'syeti tatazcaitad yathoditam / / - yogabindu. 158 (kha) praNidhAnAdhabhAvena karmAnadhyavasAyinaH / / sNmuurchim-prvRttaabhmnnusstthaanmucyte|| - adhyAtmasAra, 3/10/8 (ga) anAbhogavataH kutrApi phalAdAvaprANihitamanasaH etad anuSThAnaM 'ananuSThAna anuSThAnameva na bhavatItyarthaH / - yogaviMzikA. gA0 12 para yazo0 vR0 (gha) samohAdananuSThAna sdnusstthaanraagtH| - dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 13/13 oghasajJA'tra sAmAnyajJAnarUpA nibandhanam / lokasajJA ca nirdoSasUtramArgAnapekSiNI / / - adhyAtmasAra,3/10/6 na loka nA'pi sUtraM no guruvaacmpeksste| anadhyavasitaM kiJicat kurute caughsNjnyyaa|| - vahI 3/10/10.11 taragAd gatyAnugatyA yat kriyate suutrvrjitm|| oghato lokato vA tdnnusstthaanmevhi|| - vahI, 3/10/15 akAganirjarAgatva kaaykleshaadihoditm| sakAganirjarAtu syAt sopayogaM pravRttitaH / / - vahI, 3/10/16 5.

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana vidyamAna hotA hai aura yaha mokSa kA hetu hai isalie ise 'taddhetu anuSThAna' kahA gayA hai|' upA0 yazovijaya ne isa anuSThAna ke sAdhaka ko mArgAnusArI tathA caramAvartI jIva kahA / unake mata meM caramAvarta meM kI jAne vAlI kriyAyeM anAbhoga, anAdara, vismRti tathA phalAkAMkSA ke binA kI jAtI haiN| aise samaya meM sAdhaka ko dharma ke prati anurAga utpanna hotA hai, jo mokSa kA kAraNa hotA hai| ataH ise 'taddhetu-anuSThAna' kahate haiM / 116 5. amRtAnuSThAna candana aura usakI sugandha ke samAna jo AtmA ke sahaja svAbhAvika tathA zuddha bhAvadharma haiM, ve AtmA se abhinna haiM / isa bhAvadharma atha ca Atmadharma se (garbhita) anuSThAna, 'amRtAnuSThAna' kahA jAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM AtmA ko samakSa rakhakara bhAvazuddhi athavA cittazuddhipUrvaka kiyA jAne vAlA atyanta saMvega se garbhita anuSThAna, 'amRta-anuSThAna' kahalAtA hai| isa anuSThAna kA phala amRta ke samAna AnandadAyaka hotA hai, arthAt sAkSAt mokSa kA kAraNa hotA hai / * yadyapi yogazataka meM ukta anuSThAnoM kI carcA karate hue kevala yaha sAmAnya sUcanA dI gaI hai ki pratyeka anuSThAna apanI-apanI bhUmikA ke anurUpa 'yoga' hI hai, kyoMki usameM apadhyAna arthAt durdhyAna kA prAyaH abhAva hotA tathA sarvadarzana sammata yoga ke lakSaNa usameM ghaTita hote haiN| gRhastha va muni ke lie pRthak-pRthak dharmAnuSThAna jaina-paramparA meM muni va gRhastha donoM ke lie pRthak-pRthak anagAra va sAgAradharma kA pratipAdana hai| jahA~ gRhastha vratoM kA AMzika va sthUla pAlana karatA hai, vahA~ muni pUrNatA sUkSmadRSTi se pAlana karatA hai| ukta Agamika vibhAjana kA A0 haribhadra aura hemacandra Adi ne bhI samarthana kiyA hai|' unhoMne gRhastha ko saddharma ke pAlana meM bAdhA upasthita na ho isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhate hue AjIvikA calAne tathA nirdoSa dAna dene, vItarAga pUjA, vidhipUrvaka bhojana, saMdhyAkAlIna upAsanA Adi karane kA upadeza diyA hai| isake atirikta jaina- paramparA meM pracalita pratikramaNa Adi Avazyaka karma, caityavandana, dharmazravaNa aura sAdhujana ko saMyama 1. etadrAgAdikaM hetuH zreSTho yogavido viduH / sadanuSThAnabhAvasya zubhabhAvAMza-yogataH / / - (ka) sanuSThAnarAgeNa taddheturmArgagAminAm / 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. yogabindu, 156 etacca caramAvarte'nAbhogAdervinA bhavet / / (kha) taddheturamRtaM tu syAcchraddhayA jainavartmanaH / (ga) sadanuSThAnarAgataH tAttvikadevapUjAdyAcArabhAvabahumAnAdi . - adhyAtmasAra 3/10/ 17 - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 13/13 - sahajo bhAvadharmo hi sugandhazcandanagandhavat etadgarbhamanuSThAnamamRtaM sampracakSate / / - adhyAtmasAra, 3/10/25 (ka) jinoditamititvAhurbhAvasAramadaH punaH / etadgarbhamanuSThAnamamRtaM munipuMgavAH / / (kha) jainImAjJAM puraskRtya pravRttaM cittazuddhitaH / saMvegagarbhamatyantamamRtaM tadvido viduH / / - - yogabindu, 160 . taddheturucyate / - vahI 13/13 para svo0 vR0 - adhyAtmasAra, 3/10/26 (ga) jainavartmano jinoditamArgasya zraddhayA idameva tattvamityadhyavasAyalakSaNayA tvanuSThAnamamRtaM syAt, amaraNahetutvAt / - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 13/13 para svo0 vR0 eesiM niyaNiyabhUmiyAe uciyaM jamettha'NuTThANaM / ANAmayasaMyutaM taM savvaM ceva yogo tti / / tallakkhaNayogAo u cittavittINirohao ceva / taha kusalapavittIe mokkheNa u joyaNAo tti / / yogazataka, 21-22 yogazAstra, 1/46 : zrAvakaprajJapti, 6, 106 : yogazataka, 27-32 va TIkA

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yoga ke adhikArI, prAthamika yogyatA evaM Avazyaka nirdeza meM upakAraka ucita sevA rUpa kriyAyoga ke abhyAsa karane kA bhI upadeza diyA hai|' vratoM ke saMbaMdha meM unhoMne maitrI Adi bhAvanAoM para adhika bhAra diyA hai| isa prakAra A0 haribhadra ne nivRtti aura pravRtti dharma kA samanvita lokopakArI rUpa prastuta kiyA hai| sarvavirata sAdhu ke lie jina AcAroM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, ve haiM guru ke adhIna rahakara gurukula meM nivAsa, yathocita vinayadharma kA pAlana, niyatakAla meM apane sthAna ke parimArjana meM prayatnazIlatA, apanA bala chipAe binA sabhI kAryoM meM zAntipUrvaka pravRtti, AtmakalyANapUrvaka guru ke vacanoM kA pAlana, nirdoSa bhAva se saMyama kA pAlana, vizuddha bhikSAvRtti se jIvana-nirvAha, zAstra-vidhi ke anusAra svAdhyAya tathA mRtyu jaise saMkaToM kA sAmanA karane meM samudyata rahanA Adi haiN| yahI nahIM, A0 haribhadra ne abhinava sAdhaka ke lie AcaraNa karane yogya vidhi kA nirUpaNa bhI kiyA hai| unakA mata hai ki abhinava sAdhaka ko pahale zrutapATha, gurusevA, Agama-AjJA jaise sthUla sAdhanoM ke abhyAsa meM rata rahanA caahiye| zAstra ke artha kA avabodha ho jAne para sAdhaka ko rAga-dveSAdi Antarika doSoM ko nikAlane ke lie sUkSmatApUrvaka Atma-avalokana karanA caahiye| isake atirikta citta meM sthiratA lAne hetu sAdhaka ko rAgAdi doSoM ke viSaya evaM pariNAmoM kA cintana karane kI vidhi bhI batAI gaI hai| A0 haribhadra ke anusAra yogAbhyAsI ko uparokta kramAnusAra abhyAsAnukUla AcaraNIya vidhividhAna kA pAlana karanA cAhiye / samucita krama ke viparIta AcaraNa karane se sAdhanA meM sAmaJjasya nahIM raha pAtA / A0 haribhadra dvArA yoga sambandhI anuSThAnoM kA jisa vistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, vaisA pUrvavartI granthoM meM prApta nahIM hotaa| ukta sabhI anuSThAna kisI sampradAya / dharma vizeSa se bandhe hue pratIta nahIM hote / 1. (gha) AhAra-nirdeza yogAbhyAsI ko yoga-sAdhanoM ke abhyAsa ke sAtha-sAtha AhAra para bhI vizeSa dhyAna denA caahiye| AhAra kA mana ke sAtha ghaniSTha sambandha hai| isalie A0 haribhadra ne AhAra kI carcA ke sambandha meM sarvasaMpatkarI bhikSA kA vidhAna kiyA hai| sarvasampatkarI bhikSA kA bhAva yaha hai ki vaha bhikSA sAdhaka ke vartamAna aura bhAvI jIvana ko zreya kI ora le jAne vAlI ho arthAt usake jIvana ko AdhyAtmika dRSTi se UrdhvagAmI banAne vAlI ho| isI prakAra vaha bhikSA dene vAle aura lene vAle donoM meM se kisI meM bhI doSakAraka na 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. C. saddhammANuvaroMhA vittI dANaM ca teNa suvisuddha / jiNapuya bhoyaNavihI saMjhANiyamo ya jogaMto / / - yogazataka, 30 ciivaMdaNa jaivissAmaNA ya savaNaM ca dhammavisayaM ti / gihiNo imo vi jogo, kiM puNa jo bhAvaNAmaggo / / - vahI, 31 aNigUhaNA balammI savvattha pavattaNaM pasaMtIe / NiyalAbhaciMtaNaM saha aNuggaho me tti guruvayaNe / / saMvaraNicchitte suddhachujjIvaNaM suparisuddhaM / vihisajjhAo maraNAdavekkhaNaM jaijaNuvaeso / - vahI, 34, 35 vahI, 51, 52 vahI, 57 -- 60 vahI, 78- 76 eso cevettha kamo udhiyapAvittIe vannio sAhU / iharA'samaMjasattaM tahA tahAM'ThANaviNiogA / / - vahI, 80 sAhAraNo puna vihI sukkAhAro imassa viNNeo / aNNatthao ya eso u savvasaMpakkarI bhikkhA / / - vahI, 81 117 -

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana hokara donoM ke lie guNakArI tathA parimita mAtrA meM hI honI cAhie tAki usase bhUkha-pyAsa jaisI anivArya zArIrika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ho ske| 118 (Ga) guru kI AvazyakatA 1 yoga-sAdhanA ke sandarbha meM jaina-jainetara sabhI granthoM meM guru ke sAnnidhya kI AvazyakatA para bala diyA gayA hai, kyoMki yogya guru ke nirdezana ke binA yoga ke vyavahArikapakSa ko jAnanA kaThina hai kevala zAstroM kA adhyayana kara yaugika kriyAoM kA abhyAsa karane se lAbha kI apekSA hAni hotI hai| zAstra to kevala yoga ke aMgoM, tathA usake upAyoM kA saiddhAntika jJAna karAte haiM, parantu yoga ke vyavahArikapakSa ko jAnane ke lie yogya guru kA sAnnidhya apekSita hotA hai| yoga ke pramukha aMga Asana, prANAyAma aura dhyAna kI yathArtha vidhi yogya guru ke nirdezana ke binA nahIM jAnI jA sktii| Asana, prANAyAma aura dhyAna kA galata athavA asAvadhAnIpUrvaka abhyAsa karane se kaI prakAra ke zArIrika va mAnasika roga ho jAte haiM jinakA cikitsA dvArA upacAra asambhava hotA hai| yadyapi maharSi pataJjali ne zAbdika rUpa se guru ke sambandha kucha nahIM kahA tathApi guru ke rUpa meM Izvara kI sattA ko svIkAra karake guru kA mahattva aura Adara sthApita kiyA hai| meM jaina-paramparA meM bhI A0 haribhadra, A0 zubhacandra A0 hemacandra evaM upA0 yazovijaya prabhRti pramukha jainAcAryoM ne guru kI AvazyakatA ko anubhava karake sAdhaka ko guru ke sAnnidhya meM rahane kA upadeza diyA hai| ukta sabhI jainAcAryoM ne svayaM yogya guru ke sAnnidhya meM rahakara yoga mArga kA anubhava prApta kiyA thaa| usI ke anusAra unhoMne sAdhaka ko guru ke pAsa rahakara yoga-mArga kA jJAna prApta karane kA upadeza diyA aura guru ke lie bhI yaha Avazyaka batalAyA ki vaha sAdhaka kI prakRti yogyatA, ruci evam sthiti ko jAnakara yoga ke vyavahAramArga kA nirdezana kre| jo sAdhaka yoga sAdhanA kI uttarottara vRddhi ke krama meM guru kI AjJA ke binA tathA apane adhikAra va yogyatA ko jAne binA abhyAsa karatA hai, vaha Age calakara apane sthAna se cyuta ho jAtA hai| isake atirikta yoga kI kucha kriyAe~ jaise - Asana, mudrA, prANAyAma aura dhyAna bhI guru-zikSaNa kI vizeSa apekSA rakhate haiN| ataH yoga-zikSA ke lie guru kA sadA pAsa rahanA Avazyaka hai| zAstroM meM guru ko ajJAna rUpI aMdhakAra kA nAzaka batAyA gayA hai| jainAcAryoM ne bhI guru kI mahimA kA guNagAna karate hue, use aihika sukha tathA pAralaukika sukha, donoM dRSTiyoM se hitakara batAyA hai|" 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. vaNalevo dhammeNaM uciyattaM taggayaM niogeNa / etthaM avekkhiyavvaM iharA'jogo ti dorAphalo 11- yogazataka, 82 () Practise yoga only after learning the techniques thoroughly from a competent teacher (Guru). If you start taking them wrongly without being properly trained, it will be difficult to correct them later. If not properly practised, the mind gets disturbed and a feeling of uneasiness results. It is therefore, all the more necessary to learn yoga practices under the strict eye of an able preceptor. - - Text Book of Yoga, p. 9 (kha) haThayogapradIpikA, 2/16, 17 pAtaJjalayogasUtra 26 yogazataka, 61; jJAnArNava, 20/11 yogazAstra 1/4, 12 / 55 adhyAtmasAra, 1/1/7 guruNA liMgehiM tao eesiM bhUmigaM muNeUNa / yogazataka, 24 uvaeso dAyavvo jahociyaM osahA''haraNA / / ajJAnatimirAndhasya jJAnAnjanazalAkayA / cakSurunmIlitaM yena tasmai zrI gurave namaH / / - zrInAradIya mahApurANa, 23/20: tulanA : AdipurANa 6/173, 176 yogazataka 12 gurutattvavinizcaya 1/2-10

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yoga ke adhikArI, prAthamika yogyatA evaM Avazyaka nirdeza isa prakAra pAtaJjala evaM jaina donoM yoga-paramparAoM meM kucha viSayoM ko chor3akara sAmAnyataH ekarUpatA hI dRSTigocara hotI hai| donoM meM samAna rUpa se mokSa prApti ke lie karmabhUmi evaM manuSyayoni meM utpanna honA anivArya batAyA gayA hai| jahA~ pAtaJjalayoga-paramparA spaSTa rUpa se yaha ghoSaNA karatI hai ki yogasAdhanA sabhI manuSyoM kA dharma hai, vahA~ jaina paramparA bhI mokSa mArga aura usakI sAdhanA ko sabhI manuSyoM ke lie samAna rUpa se upayogI ghoSita karatI hai, parantu vahA~ mokSa kI prApti kA adhikAra kevala bhavyajIvoM ko hI pradAna kiyA gayA hai, abhavyajIvoM ko nahIM / vastutaH jaina paramparA meM bhavyatva aura abhavyatva kI kalpanA manuSya kI svabhAvasiddha yogyatA ko dekhakara hI kI gaI hai| jaise mU~ga meM koI dAnA aisA hotA hai, jise 'koraDu' kahate haiM, isa 'koraDu' kA aisA svabhAva hai ki cAhe jitanA bhI prayatna kara liyA jAe, parantu vaha pakatA nahIM hai, isI prakAra jo abhavyajIva hotA hai, usameM mukta hone yogya pariNAmoM kI sambhAvanA nahIM hotii| yaha jainoM kA apanA siddhAnta hai, jo anya paramparAoM kI apekSA viziSTa hai| yogabindu Adi granthoM meM caramAvartI aura acaramAvartI jIvoM ke rUpa meM yoga ke adhikAriyoM evaM adhikAriyoM ke viSaya meM jo carcA hai, vaha jaina- paramparA ke cirantana siddhAntoM para AdhArita hone para bhI viziSTa hai| isa vicAra ke mAdhyama se A0 haribhadra ne pAThakoM ko karmagranthoM ke caramapudgalAvarta jaise pAribhASika zabdoM kA paricaya karAne kA prayatna kiyA hai / A0 haribhadra ne caramAvartI jIvoM ke rUpa meM jo yogAdhikAriyoM ke lakSaNa batAe haiM, lagabhaga vaisA varNana vyAsabhASya meM bhI dekhane ko milatA hai, jahA~ mokSa mArga kI carcA ke zravaNa mAtra se zarIra meM hone vAle romAMca evaM AnandAnupAta ko yogAdhikArI kA anumApaka cihna batAyA gayA hai| parantu yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki jaina - paramparA kA vivecana apekSAkRta adhika manovaijJAnika hai evaM karmoM kI taratamatA para AdhArita hai| yogAdhikAriyoM ke bhedoM ke viSaya meM pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga donoM kI dRSTi samAna hai| sAdhanA-krama meM kramika pragati va ApekSika taratamatA ke anusAra haribhadra ne apunarbandhaka, samyagdRSTi aura cAritrI ke bheda se yoga ke adhikAriyoM kA jo vibhAjana kiyA hai vaha pAtaJjalayoga ke adhama, madhyama evaM uttama zreNiyoM meM kie gaye vibhAjana ke anurUpa hai, tathApi unake lakSaNa evaM svarUpa ke vivecana meM maulikatA hai| yogAdhikArI kI prAthamika va anivArya yogyatA ke sambandha meM pataJjali prAyaH mauna haiN| asamprajJAtasamAdhi kI carcA karate hue unhoMne kevala upAyapratyaya adhikArI ke lie hI zraddhAdi guNa apekSita batAe haiM / sAmAnya adhikArI ke viSaya meM unhoMne koI carcA nahIM kI / pataJjali ne upAyapratyaya sAdhaka ke lie zraddhA, vIrya, smRti, samAdhi aura prajJA Adi jo guNa apekSita batAe haiM, unakI samAnatA jaina sAdhanA-mArga ke samyaktva (samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna) ke sAtha sahaja kI jA sakatI hai| jainazAstroM meM samyagdarzana ke jo prazama, saMvega, nirveda, anukampA aura Astikya rUpa lakSaNa iMgita kiye gaye haiM, inameM Astikya aura saMvega yogadarzana sammata zraddhA, vIrya aura smRti se sAmya rakhate haiN| jaina - paramparA sammata samyagjJAna yogasammata prajJA kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| jainazAstroM meM samyakcAritra kA prathama sopAna sAmAyika mAnA gayA hai aura gRhastha va muni donoM ke lie sAmAyika kI anivAryatA varNita kI gaI hai| 'sAmAyika' meM sAdhaka ko pratidina niyatakAla taka samatAbhAva ( anya padArthoM se mana ko haTAkara zuddha AtmasAdhanA kI ora unmukha bhojavRtti, pR0 3 1. 2. sa ca nirodhaH sarvAsAM cittabhUmInAM sarvaprANinAM dharmaH kadAcit kasyAJcid bhUbhau Avirbhavati / - (ka) uccAvacajanaprAyaH samayo'yaM jinezinAm / naikasminpuruSe tiSThedekastambha ivAlayaH / / - yazastilakacampU, 8 / 365 119 (kha) upAsakAdhyayana, 43/822 (ga) harivaMzapurANa, 58 / 3

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120 honA) dhAraNa karanA' apekSita hotA hai| pratyeka jaina ke lie yaha eka Avazyaka vidhAna hai| pAtaJjalayoga sammata samAdhi (citta kI ekAgratA) aura jaina- paramparA meM svIkRta sAmAyika cAritra, ina donoM kI paraspara samAnatA svataH spaSTa hai / yogAdhikArI kI prAthamika va anivArya yogyatA yoga- paramparA meM sarvaprathama A0 haribhadra ko anubhava huI aura unhoMne apane sabhI granthoM meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra se ise samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyaa| A0 zubhacandra kA jJAnArNava cUMki sAmAnya vyakti ke lie na hokara, ucca stara ke sAdhaka arthAt muni (jo svataH yogAdhikArI kI yogyatA se sampanna hotA hai) ke lie hai, isalie unheM isakA vivecana karane kI AvazyakatA anubhava nahIM huI / A0 hemacandra evaM upA0 yazovijaya ne usakI upayogitA samajhakara, apane pUrvavartI A0 haribhadra kA anusaraNa kiyA / A0 haribhadra kI eka vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki unhoMne jainetara paramparA meM pracalita cAndrAyaNAdi vratoM ko bhI yoga kI pUrvabhUmikA meM sthAna diyA aura apane isa udAra dRSTikoNa se yoga ko samyagdarzana kI sImita paribhASA se Upara uThAkara yoga-sAdhanA ke prati eka gahana AdarabhAva kA nirmANa kiyA / ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM siddhoM ke 15 bheda batAe gaye haiN| jinameM anyaliMgasiddha (jainamuni kA vezadhAraNa na karake anya veza se siddha hone vAle) bhI eka bheda hai| vahA~ spaSTa rUpa se yaha mAna liyA gayA hai ki jainetara mArga se sAdhanA karake bhI siddhatA (mukti) prApta ho sakatI hai| Agamika cintana kI yaha udAratA nizcaya hI A0 haribhadra kI bhAvabhUmi meM rahI hogI / yogI ke vividha prakAroM ke nirUpaNa meM bhI donoM paramparAoM meM sAdhanA mArga meM prApta upalabdhi ke tAratamya ko AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki A0 haribhadra ne pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM varNita caturvidha yogiyoM ke nirUpaNa se prabhAvita hokara hI apane yogagranthoM meM cAra prakAra ke yogiyoM kA vivecana kiyA hai / parantu yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki A0 haribhadra ne yogiyoM kI paribhASA kI jo saMghaTanA kI hai vaha bilkula navIna hai| hA~, kulayogI kI hAribhadrIya avadhAraNA para, pAtaJjalayoga sammata bhavapratyayayogI kI avadhAraNA kA paryApta prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhAvoM kI prazastatA aura aprazastatA ke AdhAra para A0 haribhadra dvArA kiyA gayA bhinna-bhinna anuSThAnoM kA vivecana bhI kaI dRSTiyoM se viziSTa hai| unhoMne yoga sambandhI bhinna-bhinna anuSThAnoM kA jisa vistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA hai, vaisA anyatra kahIM prApta nahIM hotA aura na hI ve kisI sampradAya vizeSa se baMdhe hue pratIta hote haiN| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki pAtaJjalayoga paramparA se aneka samAnatAoM evaM viSamatAoM ke hone para bhI jaina paramparA kA apanA vaiziSTya surakSita rahA hai| 1. gommaTasAra, (jIvakANDa), 368 para TIkA 2. gRhastha aura muni ke lie nirdhArita SaDAvazyakoM meM sAmAyika kA parigaNana kiyA gayA hai| draSTavya : anuyogadvAra (vyAvara saMskaraNa) 74-75 3. draSTavya : naMdIsUtra 21 sthAnAMgasUtra, 1/214-22

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caturtha adhyAya yoga aura AcAra darzanazAstra ke do pakSa haiM - saiddhAntika aura vyvhaarik| ataH yogadarzana jahA~ yoga ke saiddhAntika pakSa kA nirUpaNa karatA hai, vahA~ isakA sambandha jJAna ke anubhavAtmaka anuSThAna arthAt vyavahArika pakSa se bhI hai| siddhAnta pakSa ko 'vicAra' aura vyavahAra pakSa ko 'AcAra' kahA jAtA hai| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA dArzanika siddhAntoM para pratiSThita hai, kyoMki vicAra prathama hai, ataH usa vicAra kI pariNati ke lie AcAra apekSita hai| vicAra ko AcaraNa meM lAe binA prApya, aprApya bana jAtA hai| jahA~ AcAra ke lie zraddhA apekSita hai, vahA~ vicAra ke lie tarka kI AvazyakatA hai| donoM ke saMtulita vikAsa se hI vyaktitva kA vikAsa saMbhava hai| AcAra aura vicAra kI eka avicchinna zrRMkhalA hai| isalie bhAratIya cintakoM ne dharma aura darzana arthAt AcAra aura vicAra kA yugapat pratipAdana kiyA hai| aneka Adhunika cintaka darzana aura AcAra (sAdhanapakSa) ko pRthak-pRthak rakhane kA prayatna karate haiM, tathA AcAra aura darzana ko asampRkta siddha karane kA prayatna bhI kiyA gayA hai, vizeSakara tarkazAstra ke kSetra meN| tarkazAstra kI upalabdhiyoM ko jIvanasAdhanA ke rUpa meM utArane kI kalpanA na kiyA jAnA svAbhAvika bhI hai| sambhavataH isI kAraNa darzana aura AcAra (sAdhanapakSa) ko alaga-alaga dekhane kI pravRtti dArzanika jagat meM pracalita ho gaI hai| kintu jainadarzana athavA yogadarzana ke adhyetA ke lie darzana aura AcAra ko pRthak-pRthak karanA sahaja pratIta nahIM hotaa| phalataH yadi yaha kahA jAe ki jainadarzana aura yogadarzana mUlataH AcAra-pradhAna darzana haiM, to anucita na hogaa| pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga-paramparA meM AcAra ko pradhAnatA dene ke sAtha-sAtha vividha dArzanika viSayoM kA AcAra ke sAtha sambandha sthApita karane kA prayAsa bhI kiyA gayA hai| a. pAtaJjalayoga aura AcAra pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM kaivalya prApti ke lie abhyAsa aura vairAgya', kriyAyoga (tapa, svAdhyAya, IzvarapraNidhAna) aura aSTAMgayoga' kA pratipAdana hai tathA kaivalya ke rUpa meM puruSArtha-zUnya guNoM ke pratiprasava kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| 1. abhyAsavairAgyAbhyAM tnnirodhH| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/12 2. tapaH svAdhyAyezvarapraNidhAnAni kriyAyogaH / - vahI, 2/1 3. yogAMgAnuSThAnAdazuddhikSaye jnyaandiiptiraavivekkhyaateH| ymniymaasnpraannaayaamprtyaahaardhaarnnaadhyaansmaadhyo'ssttaavNgaani| - vahI. 2/28.26 4. puruSArthazUnyAnAM guNAnAM pratiprasavaH kaivalyaM svarUpapratiSThA vA citishktiriti| - vahI, 4/34

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122 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana A. jainayoga aura AcAra jaina-paramparA meM bhI mokSa kI prApti hetu sAdhanA ke eka samanvita mArga kA pravartana huA hai, jo samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra rUpa ratnatraya ke nAma se prasiddha hai| jaina tIrthaMkaroM evaM sAdhuoM ne tattvajJAna aura usake dvArA nirdiSTa sAdhanA ke pUrva usake upAyoM ke prati zraddhA ko anivArya batalAyA jaina-paramparA meM samyaka AcAra sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai aura use kendra meM rakhakara hI dharmaviSayaka cintana kA vikAsa huA hai| koI vyakti jo jainAgamoM kA jJAtA to hai, parantu tadanurUpa AcaraNa nahIM karatA, to usakA vaha saMpUrNa jJAna nirarthaka aura vismaraNazIla hai| kevala zAstroM ke jJAtA ko mleccha yA zabdadaitya kahA jAtA hai| jo vyakti mAtra jJAnI hai, usakA na koI mahattva hai aura na saarthktaa| jJAna kA mahatva usake anurUpa AcaraNa meM hai aura usakI sArthakatA manonigraha, saMyama, vItarAgatA va mokSAnurakti meN| isa kAraNa manonigrahakAraka evaM vItarAgatA-utpAdaka 'jJAna' ko hI 'saccA jJAna' kahA gayA hai| AcAra kA pAlana karane se hI jJAna meM nikhAra AtA hai aura vaha spaSTa evaM paripakva banatA hai| binA AcaraNa (samyakcAritra) ke usameM pUrNatA nahIM aatii| ataH jJAna ke pUrNa vikAsa ke lie samyak AcaraNa aura AcaraNa kI zuddhatA evaM pUrNatA ke lie jJAna paraspara pUraka tathA anivArya haiN| jJAna aura kriyA kI saMyukta sAdhanA se hI sAdhya kI siddhi hotI hai, anyathA nhiiN| isIlie jainadarzana meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ke samanvita rUpa ko mokSamArga ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA gyaa| inakI vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki ina tInoM meM sampUrNa jaina AcAra va tAttvika vivecanA samAhita hai| yadyapi jainadarzana meM saMkIrNa sampradAyaniSThatA ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai tathApi vyavahArika dRSTikoNa se usake trividha sAdhanA-mArga meM sampradAyaniSThatA spaSTa dikhAI detI hai| A0 haribhadra ne sampradAyaniSTha saMkIrNatA ko dUra karane tathA jainAcAra ko sarvagrAhya banAne ke lie tatkAlIna paristhiti va lokaruci ke anurUpa, abhinava dRSTikoNa apanAyA aura sabhI dhArmika vyApAroM ko 'yoga' kI saMjJA dekara, sAdhanA kI dRSTi se yoga ke kSetra ko bhI eka navIna dizA pradAna kii| A0 zubhacandra ne bhI prAcIna-paramparA kA anusaraNa karate hue samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna ora samyakcAritra kA mokSa-mArga ke rUpa meM vivecana kiyaa| AtmajJAna kI vRddhi karanA hI jJAnArNava kI racanA kA ekamAtra uddezya thaa| isalie jJAnArNava meM unhoMne kevala sAdhvAcAra kA hI nirUpaNa kiyA aura dhyAna-sAdhanA karane vAle sAdhaka ke lie gRhasthAzrama ke tyAga kA spaSTa vidhAna kiyaa| 1. tattvArthasUtra, 1/1 ; yogapradIpa, 113 yogazAstra, 1/15 2. (ka) kriyAvirahitaM hanta, jJAnamAtramanarthakam / gatiM binA pathajJo'pi, nApnoti puramIpsitam / / svAnukUlAM kriyAM kAle, jJAnapUrvo'pyapekSate / pradIpaH svaprakAzo'pi, tailaM pUrtyAdikaM yathA / / - jJAnasAra, 6/2,3; adhyAtmopaniSada, 3/13, 14 (kha) tulanA : bhAvaprAbhRta, 52, 53; zIlaprAbhRta, 30, 31 mUlAcAra, 267. 268 4. jJAnakriyAbhyAM mokSaH / samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / - tattvArthasUtra .1/1 mokkheNa joyaNAo jogo savvo vidhmmvaavaaro| - yogaviMzikA, 1 jJAnArNava, adhyAya 6 se 16 na kavitvAbhimAnena na kIrtiprasarecchayA / / kRtiH kiM tu madIyeyaM svabodhAyaiva kevalam / / - vahI, 1/16 vahI, 4/10-13

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yoga aura AcAra 123 isI prakAra A0 hemacandra ne bhI samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyakcAritra rUpa trividha sAdhanA mArga kA hI citraNa kiyA hai| unhoMne 'yogazAstra' kI racanA rAjA kumArapAla ke nimitta kI thii| isalie unakA yaha grantha lokadharma kI bhUmikA para racA gayA hai| yahI isa grantha kI sarvopari vizeSatA hai|| upA0 yazovijaya ne bhI apane yoga-granthoM meM A0 haribhadra sammata yogamArga evaM sarvagrAhya AcAra ko hI pallavita-puSpita kiyaa| pUrvapRSThoM meM ina viSayoM kA vizada vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai| ___ prastuta adhyAya meM una AcAroM kA vivecana kareMge jinakI pRSThabhUmi meM A0 zubhacandra aura A0 hemacandra ne apane yoga-granthoM kI racanA kI hai| ve haiM - samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna tathA samyakcAritra rUpa rtntry| ka. samyagdarzana artha : 'darzana' zabda prAyaH 'dRSTi' ke artha meM athavA tattvajJAna aura usake sAdhanoM ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai| isa dRSTi se 'samyagdarzana' zabda kaI bAra samyak tattvajJAna kA paryAyavAcI pratIta hotA hai| kintu yahA~ yaha isa artha meM prayukta nahIM hai| jainadarzana meM samyagdarzana' pada pAribhASika hokara eka vizeSa artha meM prayukta hai, jisake anusAra jIva, ajIva Adi tattvoM para zraddhA rakhanA samyagdarzana hai| jaina AgamoM meM paribhASita 'samyagdarzana' kA yahI artha A0 haribhadra, A0zubhacandra,5 A0 hemacandra evaM upA0 yazovijaya" Adi ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA ke kucha granthoM meM 'Agama' yA 'zAstra' para hone vAlI zraddhA ko 'samyagdarzana' kahA gayA hai| zAstroM kA upadezaka guru hotA hai, isalie zvetAmbara-paramparA ke sabhI granthoM meM guru para zraddhA rakhanA bhI "samyagdarzana' kA lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai| A0 hemacandra ke anusAra sacce deva ko deva samajhanA, sacce guru ko guru samajhanA aura sacce dharma meM dharma-buddhi rakhanA 'samyaktva' hai / 10 / pAtaJjalayogasatra ke vyAsabhASya meM bhI 'samyagdarzana' zabda kA ullekha haA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki anAdi duHkha rUpa pravAha se prerita yogI AtmA aura bhUtasamUha ko dekhakara samasta duHkhoM ke kSaya ke kAraNabhUta 'samyagdarzana' kI zaraNa meM jAtA hai arthAt duHkhanivRtti kA kAraNa mAnakara use svIkAra karatA hai| yahIM use saMsAra ke hAna kA, usase mukti pAne kA upAya bhI kahA gayA hai|" jainadarzana meM prarUpita 1. catarvarge'graNIrNokSo. yogastasya ca kAraNama / jJAna-zraddhAna-cAritrarUpaM ratnatraya ca saH / / - yogazAstra.1/15 shriicauluky-kumaarpaal-nRptertyrthmbhyrthnaad| AcAryeNa nivezitA pathi girA zrIhemacandreNa saa|| - vahI, 2/55 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/10: tattvArthasUtra, 1/2: vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 10: paMcAstikAya, 107: prazamaratiprakaraNa, 222, darzanaprAbhRta, 16: sarvArthasiddhi,13; paMcasaMgraha,1/156: puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 22 yogazataka, 3: zrAvakaprajJapti, 62 jJAnArNava. 6/4(1). 5, 6(2) yogazAstra.1/7 adhyAtmasAra, 4/12/6 vasunandizrAvakAcAra.6: ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 1/4 agitagatizrAvakAcAra, 14 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 317 (ka) yA deve devatAbuddhirguro ca gurutaamtiH| dharge ca dharmadhIH zuddhA, sbhyktvmidmucyte|| - yogazAstra, 2/2 (kha) yadyapi rucirjinoktatattveSviti yatizrAvakANAM sAdhAraNa smykttvlkssnnmuktm| tathApi gRhasthAnAM devagurudharmeSu pUjyatvopAsyatvAnuSTheyatvalakSaNopayogavazAddevagurudharmatattvapratipattilakSaNaM samyaktvaM punrbhihitm| - yogazAstra, svopajJa vRtti. 2/2 11. tadevaganAdinA duHkhasrotasA vyUhyamAnamAtmAnaM bhUtagrAma ca dRSTvA yogI sarvaduHkhakSayakAraNaM samyagdarzanaM zaraNaM prapadyata iti.. hAnopAya: sbhygdrshnm| - vyAsabhASya, pR0 215.218

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124 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana samyagdarzana ke samakakSa artha meM pAtaJjalayoga-paramparA meM 'vivekakhyAti' kA ullekha huA hai, jise 'sattvapuruSAnyatApratyaya' bhI kahA jAtA hai|'' ramparA meM jina jIva, ajIvAdi tattvoM ke zraddhAna ko samyagdarzana kahA gayA hai, unakI carcA pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM nahIM miltii| vahA~ vyakta ora avyakta do prakAra ke tattvoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| vyakta tattvoM meM mahattattva, ahaMkAra, ekAdaza indriyoM, paMcatanmAtrAoM tathA paMcamahAbhUtoM kA' tathA avyakta tattva meM prakRti kA parigaNana kiyA gayA hai| jahA~ taka A0 hemacandra dvArA nirdiSTa samyagdarzana ke svarUpa kA prazna hai, vaha pataJjali kI mAnyatA ke sarvathA aviruddha tathA anukUla hai| pataJjali ne cittavRttinirodha ke aneka upAyoM kI carcA karate hue IzvarapraNidhAna kA ullekha kiyA hai| IzvarapraNidhAna ko spaSTa karate hae unhoMne Izvara ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa karake use sabhI guruoM kA bhI guru kahA hai aura usake vAcaka pada praNava kA japa aura Izvara ke prati sarvAtmanA samarpaNa Avazyaka mAnA hai| yahA~ Izvara ko 'paramaguru' kahanA aura bhASyakAra dvArA maharSi pataJjali ke tAtparya ko spaSTa karate hue, parama guru ke prati sarvAtmanA samarpaNa kI carcA meM samyagdarzana kI uparyukta bhAvanA hI bIjarUpa meM pratiSThita dikhAI par3atI hai| isake atirikta maharSi pataJjali ne yoga ke ATha aMgoM meM "svAdhyAya' ko yoga ke eka aMga ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| bhASyakAra dvArA "svAdhyAyaHpraNavAdi pavitrANAm japo mokSazAstrAdhyayanaM vA' kahakara jo spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai, vaha tattvajJAna ke pratipAdaka athavA mokSamArga ke pratipAdaka granthoM ke prati sAdhaka meM parama zraddhA hone kI anivAryatA ko sUcita karatA hai, jo punaH samyagdarzana kA eka anya viziSTa lakSaNa hai| isa prakAra jainaparamparA meM svIkRta 'samyagdarzana' na kevala vedAnta ke aviruddha hai, apitu pataJjali kI mUla bhAvanA ke atyanta anukUla bhI hai| samyagdarzana kI jIvana meM pratiSThA, tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pratipAdita sAdhanA kI pUrvapIThikA hai| yaha vaha bhUmi hai jahA~ se bhavyaprANI kA jIvana ajJAnAndhakAra se nikalakara, samyak Atmabodha rUpa jJAna kI ora agrasara hotA hai| samyagdarzana kI pratiSThA hI samyagjJAna kI pRSThabhUmi banatI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jaba taka samyagdarzana kA AvirbhAva nahIM hotA, taba taka jJAna samyagjJAna nahIM kahalAtA aura usake abhAva meM koI bhI dhArmika pravRtti samyakcAritra kI koTi meM nahIM aatii| A0 zubhacandra ke anusAra samyagdarzana ke sadbhAva meM hI samyajJAna aura samyakcAritra upalabdha hote haiM, tathA yama, niyama, japa, tapa Adi sArthaka ho sakate haiN| samyagdarzana ke abhAva meM samasta jJAna aura samasta cAritra mithyA hI bane rahate haiN| samyagdarzana ke binA sarva jJAna aura cAritra ke mithyA hone se vyakti kA apanA koI mUlya usI prakAra nahIM hotA, jaise aMka ke binA zUnya mUlyahIna hotA hai, aura aise vyakti kabhI bhI duHkhanivRtti rUpa mokSa ko prApta nahIM kara OM5 sattvapuruSAnyatApratyayo vivekkhyaatiH| - vyAsabhASya, pR0 262 te vyaktasUkSmAH gunnaatmaanH|- pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 4/13 ...........niHsadasannirasadavyaktamaliMgaM pradhAnaM ttprtiynti|- vyAsabhASya, pR0 234 saH pUrveSAmapi guruH kAlenAnavacchedAt |-paatnyjlyogsuutr, 1/26 5. tasya vAcakaH praNavaH / tajjapastadarthabhAvanam / -vahI, 1/27, 28 IzvarapraNidhAnaM sarvakriyANAM paramagurAvarpaNaM tatphalasaMyAso vaa| - vyAsabhASya, pR0 162 vahI jJAnArNava, 6/53 6 vahI, 6/54

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yoga aura AcAra paate|' isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki samyagdarzana adhyAtma-sAdhanA meM siddhi rUpI prAsAda taka pahu~cane ke lie prathama sopAna hai| aMga : jisa prakAra pataJjali ke yogadarzana meM yama, niyamAdi ATha aMgoM kI carcA ke uparAnta yamAdi aMgoM ke ahiMsA Adi bheda svIkAra kie gaye haiM, usI prakAra jainaparamparA meM samyagdarzana ke niHzaMkita, niHkAMkSita, nirvicikitsA, amUDhadRSTi, upabRMhA (upagUDhana yA upagUhana), sthirIkaraNa, vAtsalya aura prabhAvanA - ina ATha aMgoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ina ATha aMgoM ke rahane para hI tattvajJAna athavA unake dvArA pratipAdita tattva, unake pratipAdaka zAstra aura unakA bodha karAne vAle guru Adi ke prati zraddhA sudRr3ha ho pAtI hai / udAharaNArtha tattvoM ke prati athavA unake bodhaka zAstra evaM guru ke prati zaMkAlu hone para, zraddhA kA udaya nahIM ho sktaa| dharma-phala ke prati saMdeha, aura jar3atA (vidyamAna saMskAroM ke prati mUr3hatApUrNa abhiniveza) bhI zraddhA ko panapane nahIM dete| sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoM ke prati rAga bhI sAdhaka ko mokSa - mArga ke prati zraddhAlu nahIM rahane detaa| ataH nirAkAMkSitA (niH kAMkSita honA) bhI mokSazAstra ke prati zraddhA ke lie Avazyaka hai / vaha vyakti jo zreSTha janoM ke guNoM ke prati AdarabhAva nahIM rakhatA, sadguNoM kI vRddhi kI kAmanA nahIM karatA arthAt jo upabRMhaNa se zUnya hai, vaha bhI mokSa-mArga ke prati apanI zraddhA ko sthira nahIM rakha pAtA / caMcalatA kyoMki sat aura asat donoM hI kAryoM kI ora jIva kI pravRtti karAne meM preraka hotI hai, ataH caMcalatA ke kAraNa sanmArga kA pathika bhaTaka jAtA hai| isIkAraNa pratipakSa svarUpa caMcalatA ke 'sthirIkaraNa ko samyagdarzana ke eka aMga ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| na kevala adhyAtma-sAdhanA, balki laukika jIvana ke lie bhI sahadharmI samAja kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / ekAkI sAdhanA karane vAlA vyakti aura sahadharmiyoM ke prati upekSA rakhane vAlA vyakti, bahudhA kabhI sandehagrasta hotA hai, kabhI Apadagrasta / yahI paristhitiyA~ use apane mArga se vicalita kara detI haiN| isa dRSTi se samyagdarzana ke eka aMga ke rUpa meM 'vAtsalya' ko bhI anivArya mAnA gayA hai| samyagdarzana kA aSTama aMga hai 'prabhAvanA' arthAt dharmazAstra ke pracAra-prasAra kI pravRtti / yaha pravRtti jahA~ guru-RNa se mukta hone kA eka upAya hai, vahIM sAdhanA aura jJAna kI pUrNatA prApti kA bhI eka mukhya sAdhana hai; kyoMki jJAna kI pUrNatA adhIti, bodha aura AcaraNa ke uparAnta, usakI samyak prabhAvanA yA pracAra-prasAra se hI bana pAtI hai| isa tathya ko prAcIna AcAryoM ne nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai| samyagdarzana kI pUrNatA ina AThoM aMgoM kI samaSTi se hI hotI hai, aura usake pazcAt hI sAdhaka samyagjJAna kI ora Age bar3ha pAtA hai / lakSaNa: jIvAjIvaprabhRti saptatattvoM, tattvajJAna, zAstra evaM guru Adi ke prati zraddhA ko 'samyagdarzana' kahate haiM / yaha zraddhA eka prakAra kA manobhAva hai / koI bhI manobhAva janasAmAnya ke hRdaya meM samaya-samaya para utpanna hotA hai aura vilIna ho jAtA hai| kintu kucha manobhAva kinhIM paristhiti vizeSa meM adhika kAla taka rahA karate haiN| prema, krodha, utsAha, bhaya, vismaya, ghRNA (jugupsA), hAsya evaM bhakti, aise hI bhAva haiM, jo cirakAla taka vyakti vizeSa meM dikhAI par3ate haiN| ina manobhAvoM kA kAvyAdi meM varNana hone para unheM 1. 2. 3. 4. jJAnArNava, 6/57 (ka) siddhiprasAdasopAnaM viddhidarzanamagrimam / - AdipurANa, 6/131 (kha) sovANaM paDhamamokkhassa / bhAvapAhur3a, 145 uttarAdhyayanasUtra. 28/31 125 adhItibodhAcaraNapracAraNaiH dazAzcatasraH praNayannupAdhibhiH / caturdazatvaM kRtavAn kutaH svayaM na vedmi vidyAsu caturdaza svayam / / naiSadhIyacaritam, 1/4

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126 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana sthAyIbhAva ke nAma se smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, aura unakA AsvAdana rasa' ke nAma se svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai|ye 'sthAyIbhAva' anya bhAvoM kI apekSA bhale hI cirasthAyI hoM, kintu zraddhA athavA bhakti aisA manobhAva hai, jo eka bAra utpanna hone ke bAda apane Azraya ke prati kucha kAla vizeSa meM hI na rahakara, sudIrghakAla taka sthira rahatA hai, aura kabhI-kabhI to AjIvana prabhAvazAlI bane rahate hue anya sabhI bhAvoM ko tiraskRta kie rahatA hai| vaiSNava saMtoM kI paramparA meM rAmAnuja, rAmAnanda, vallabha, madhva, nimbArka aura caitanya aise santa haiM, jinake mAnasa meM eka bAra bhakti kA udaya huA to ve usameM hI lIna ho gae aura unakI ziSya-paramparA meM mIrA, ravidAsa, malUkadAsa Adi santa bhI usa zraddhA-bhakti meM nirantara sarAbora rhe| jaina-paramparA meM bhI dharma ke prati atyanta pragADha zraddhA kisI bhI sAdhu athavA gRhastha meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| isa zraMddhA aura bhakti kA udaya yadyapi kisI bhI paristhiti meM ho sakatA hai. tathApi isake udaya aura paripoSa meM satsaMgati, gurUpadeza aura svAdhyAya kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA karatA hai| kisI bhI sAdhaka ke jIvana meM zraddhA kA bIja hone para, usakA paripoSa dhIre-dhIre hotA hai| kintu jaba vaha zraddhA pUrvokta tattvAdi ke prati paripuSTa hotI huI susthira ho jAtI hai, taba sAdhaka ke jIvana meM kucha cihna prakaTa hote haiM, jinheM jaina-paramparA meM samyagdarzana ke lakSaNa ke nAma se smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| ye lakSaNa haiM - 1. prazama 2. saMvega. 3. nirveda 4. anukampA aura 5. Astikya / / __A0 zubhacandra prabhRti kucha jainAcAryoM ne nirveda ko saMvega kA paryAyavAcI mAnakara pRthaka rUpa se carcA nahIM kI, isalie unhoMne cAra lakSaNoM kA hI ullekha kiyA hai| yaha svAbhAvika bhI hai ki mAnava ke hRdaya meM tattvoM athavA guru Adi ke prati zraddhA paripakva hone para, usake hRdaya meM sthita karatA Adi kaSAya zAnta hone lageM, saMsAra ke prati rAga dUra hokara vairAgya pRSTa hone lage, prANI mAtra ke prati anukampA jIvana meM parilakSita hone lage aura mokSa-prApti kI tIvra abhilASA mAnasa meM vidyamAna ho| ina cihnoM meM paMcama Astikya to zraddhA kA pUrNa vikAsa hai, ataH usakA prAkaTya to honA hI hai| ina saba cihnoM ke prakaTa hone se yaha pratIta hone lagatA hai ki sAdhaka apane mArga para samyak rIti se agrasara ho rahA hai aura aba vaha sAMsArika viSayoM kI ora AkRSTa na hokara, mokSa mArga para tIvra gati se Age bar3ha skegaa| maharSi pataJjali ke anusAra bhI zraddhA vairAgya ko samRddha karatI haI abhyAsa meM sAdhaka ko nirantara pravRtta rakhatI hai, aura anta meM use samAdhi kI utkRSTatama koTi taka pahu~cA detI hai| jinhoMne pUrva janma meM paryApta yoga-sAdhanA kI hai, unake lie bhale hI zraddhA kI bahuta apekSA na ho, kintu anya sAdhaka sAdhanA ke prati zraddhAvAn hone para hI samAdhi rUpa mokSa-mArga para agrasara ho pAte haiM, aura kucha viziSTa koTi ke sAdhakoM meM sAdhanA-kAla meM vividha siddhiyA~ prakaTa hone lagatI haiN|' bheda : samyagdarzana bhI zraddhA hone ke kAraNa eka manobhAva hai| kisI bhI manobhAva kI sthiti vizeSa arthAta prabalatA ke stara ke AdhAra para usake ananta bheda ho sakate haiN| jina paristhitiyoM meM usa manobhAva kA udaya hotA hai usake AdhAra para bhI pratyeka manobhAva ke aneka bheda kie jA sakate haiN| ananta bhedoM kI saMbhAvanA ke kAraNa pratyeka bheda kA parigaNana karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| jaina AcAryoM ne sabhyagdarzana rUpa 1. sAhityadarpaNa, 2/10 2. yogabindu, svopajJa vRtti, 252: zrAvakaprajJapti, 56, dharmasaMgrahiNI, 806: yogazAstra, 2/5: adhyAtmasAra, 4/12/24 3. jJAnArNava, 6/6/4: paramAtmaprakAza (TIkA).2/17/132/5: tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1/2/3 4. bhavapratyayo videhaprakRtilayAnAm / zraddhAvIryasmRtisamAdhiprajJApUrvakaM itareSAm / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/16-2)

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yoga aura AcAra 127 127 manobhAva ke aneka vargIkRta bheda svIkAra kiye haiM, jinameM kucha nimnalikhita haiM : 1. nizcaya aura vyavahAra-samyagdarzana' 2. nisargaja aura adhigamaja-samyagdarzana sarAga aura vItarAga-samyagdarzana' dravya aura bhAva-samyagdarzana 5. aupazamika, kSAyika aura kSAyopazamika-samyagdarzana samyagdarzana ke ina pAMca vargoM meM 'nisargaja aura adhigamaja-samyagdarzana' manobhAva kI utpatti ke hetu ke AdhAra para varNita kiyA gayA bheda hai, jabaki aupazamika, kSAyika aura kSAyopazamika samyagdarzana manobhAva ke prakAra ke AdhAra para parigaNita huA hai| 'dravya evaM bhAva-samyagdarzana' usake viSaya ko AdhAra mAnakara kiyA gayA hai, jabaki 'sarAga aura vItarAga samyagdarzana' zraddhA rUpI manobhAva ke sAtha itara manobhAva ke saMzleSa aura asaMzleSa ke AdhAra para svIkRta hai| 'nizcaya aura vyavahAra-samyagdarzana' zraddhA rUpI manobhAva ke uparyukta paristhitiyoM se sarvathA bhinna viSaya aura pravRtti donoM ko AdhAra mAnakara svIkAra kie gae haiN| inameM nizcaya-samyagdarzana mUlatattva viSayaka hotA hai, jabaki vyavahAra-samyagdarzana sAMsArika vyavahAra athavA usake upAdAnoM se sambaddha hai| kahane kA tAtparya hai ki samyagdarzana ke ina vargoM meM jaina AcAryoM ne spaSTa rUpa se saMketa kiyA hai ki samyagdarzana rUpa manobhAva ko aneka dRSTiyoM se dekhA aura samajhA jA sakatA hai| zraddhA rUpI manobhAva apanI atyanta prArambhika avasthA meM jahA~ ruci kI apekSA rakhatA hai, vahIM usake paripuSTa hone para vividha viSayoM athavA kriyAoM Adi ke prati ruci ko utpanna bhI karatA hai| ye ruciyA~ bhI yadyapi ananta ho sakatI haiM, tathApi jaina AcAryoM ne nisarga, upadeza, AjJA, sUtra, bIja, abhigama, vistAra, kriyA saMkSepa evaM dharma ko AdhAra mAnakara uparyukta 10 ruciyA~ svIkAra kI haiN| ye dasoM prakAra kI ruciyA~ samyaktva kI utpatti kI nimitta mAnI jA sakatI haiM kintu inakI sattA sampUrNa vairAgya utpanna hone ke bAda (vItarAga dazA meM) nahIM hotI arthAt ye sarAga samyagdarzana meM hI raha sakatI haiM, isake Age nhiiN| pratipakSI bhAva - mithyAtva : samyagdarzana mithyAtva kA pratipakSI bhAva hai| mithyAtva kA artha hai - avidyA kI sthiti| pataJjali ke anusAra avidyA, jise jaina darzana meM mithyAdaSTi kahA gayA hai, asmitA, rAga dveSa aura abhiniveza kA mUla kAraNa hai| cUMki samasta klezoM ke mUla meM inakI sattA rahatI hai, isalie inheM svayaM bhI kleza kahA jAtA hai| maharSi pataJjali ke anusAra cittavRttinirodha rUpa yoga kI sAdhanA meM pravRtta hokara, nirantara vairAgyapUrvaka abhyAsa karate rahane para samprajJAtasamAdhi kI siddhi hotI hai| tabhI RtambharAprajJA kA udaya hotA hai, jisake OMs rayaNasAra, 4 tattvArthasUtra, 1/3: tattvArthazlokavArtika.2/1/3; anagAradharmAmRta, 2/47/171 sarvArthasiddhi, 1/2/10/7: tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1/2/26-31; anagAradharmAmRta, 2/51/178; bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 51/175/18.21 tattvArthabhASya siddhasenavRti, 1/5 zrAvakaprajJapti, 44: yogazAstra, svopajJavRtti, 2/2. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/16 dasavihe sarAgasa gardasaNe pannate taMjahA nisgguvdesruii.....ityaadi| - sthAnAMgasUtra, 10/75 pAtaJjalayogasUtra. 2/3

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128 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana phalasvarUpa sAdhaka ke mAnasa meM pUrva se vidyamAna samasta saMskAra avaruddha hote haiM, aura jaba samasta saMskAra kA nirodha ho jAne para prajJA kA saMskAra bhI niruddha ho jAtA hai, taba sAdhaka nirbIjasamAdhi ko prApta karane meM samartha hotA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne bhI mithyAdRSTi apara paryAya 'avidyA' kA nirodha yogasAdhanA ke lie Avazyaka mAnA hai| unakI yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki mithyAdRSTi kA pratibandhana Arambha hone para hI vyakti sAdhanA ke mArga meM Age bar3ha pAtA hai| isalie unhoMne mithyAdRSTi ke pratipakSI samyagdarzana ko sarvaprathama sthAna diyA hai| yaha mithyAdRSTi aneka prakAra kI ho sakatI hai| maharSi pataJjali ne anitya padArthoM ko nitya samajhanA, azuci padArthoM ko zuci samajhanA, duHkhamaya padArthoM ko sukhamaya samajhanA aura anAtma padArthoM ko AtmasvarUpa samajhanA avidyA hai, aisA svIkAra kiyA hai| pataJjali ke ina anitya, azuci, duHkha aura anAtma zabdoM dvArA vizva ke samasta padArthoM kA bhinna-bhinna cAra dRSTiyoM se vargIkaraNa kara diyA gayA hai| jainAcAryoM ne sAdhakoM kI suvidhA ke lie uparyukta vargIkaraNa ko apratyakSataH svIkAra karate hue bhI, pratyakSataH isake aneka prakAra svIkAra kie haiN| udAharaNataH sthAnAMgasUtra meM adharma ko dharma, dharma ko adharma, amArga ko sanmArga, mArga ko amArga, asAdhu ko sAdhu, sAdhu ko asAdhu, ajIva ko jIva, aura jIva ko ajIva, amukta ko mukta tathA mukta ko amukta samajhanA mithyAtva hai, aisA kahA gayA hai| A0 hemacandra ne ukta lakSaNa ko dRSTigata rakhate hue adeva meM devatva buddhi, aguru meM gurutva buddhi aura adharma meM dharmabuddhi rakhane ko mithyAtva kahA hai| __ A0 hemacandra prabhRti jaina AcAryoM ne uparyukta vargIkaraNa ke atirikta pAMca prakAra ke anya mithyAtvoM kI carcA bhI kI hai yathA - AbhigrAhika, anAbhigrAhika, Abhinivezika, sAMzayika aura anaabhogik| mithyAtva ke prakAra - jaina darzana meM mithyAtva ke 5 prakAroM ke sambandha meM vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se ullekha prApta hote haiN| sAmAnyataH mithyAtva pAMca prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai - 1. AbhigrAhika mithyAtva paramparAgata mAnyatAoM ko binA samIkSA ke apanA lenaa| 2. anAbhigrAhika mithyAtva sAdhAraNa azikSitoM kI taraha binA tattvaviveka ke sabhI guruoM, devoM evaM dharmoM ko maannaa| 3. Abhinivezika mithyAtva abhimAna kI rakSA ke lie asatya mAnyatAoM ko haThapUrvaka pakar3e rhnaa| 4. sAMzayika mithyAtva saMzayagrasta bane rahakara satya kA nirNaya na kara paanaa| 5. anAbhogika mithyAtva viveka yA jJAna-kSamatA kA abhaav| upA0 yazovijaya ne sthAnAM varNita mithyAtva ko avidyA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara 1. RtambharA tatra prjnyaa| tajjaH sNskaaro'nysNskaarprtibNdhii| tasyApi nirodhe sarvanirodhAnnirbIjaH samAdhiH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/48.50.51 anityA'zuciduHkhA'nAtmasu nityshucisukhaa''tmkhyaatirvidyaa| - vahI . 2/5 3. sthAnAgasUtra, 10/7/34 yogazAstra. 2/3 evaM svopajJavRtti dharmasaMgraha, adhikAra 1, pR0 36; yogazAstra, syopajJavRtti, 2/3. pR0 166 atrAvidyA sthAnAMgoktaM dazavidhaM mithyAtvameva | - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, yazovijayavRtti, 2/5 ja

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yoga aura AcAra 129 pataJjali dvArA svIkRta avidyA kI paribhASA ko lagabhaga unhIM zabdoM meM grahaNa kara liyA hai| pataJjali ke anusAra anitya, apavitra, duHkhamaya aura anAtma padArthoM meM kramazaH nitya, pavitra, sukhamaya aura AtmA kA jJAna honA avidyA hai| samyagdarzana ke doSa : adhyAya ke prArambha meM yaha carcA kI gaI hai ki samyagdarzana tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pradarzita mArga kA prathama sopAna hai| jaisA ki loka meM AbhANaka prasiddha hai "zreyAMsi bahuvighnAni bhavanti"3 arthAt kisI bhI bhadrakArya meM bahuta vighna huA karate haiN| mokSa-sAdhanA ke prathama sopAna para padArpaNa karate hue bhI aneka bAdhAe~ upasthita hotI haiM, jinheM samyagdarzana (samyaktva) ke doSa ke nAma se smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| A0 haribhadra evaM A0 hemacandra ke anusAra samyaktva ke pAMca mukhya doSa haiM - 1. zaMkA vItarAga muniyoM ke vacanoM para zraddhA ke sthAna para saMdeha utpanna honaa| 2. (A)kAMkSA paradharma svIkAra karane kI kAmanA krnaa| 3. vicikitsA svadharmAcaraNa ke phala meM sandeha rkhnaa| 4. parapASaNDa-prazaMsA sarvajJa-praNIta mata ke atirikta anya mata kI athavA anya mata vAle mithyAdRSTiyoM kI prazaMsA krnaa| 5. parapASaNDI-saMstava sarvajJa-praNIta mata ke atirikta anya mata vAle mithyAdaSTiyoM se gAr3ha paricaya athavA rAgAtmaka AsthA rkhnaa| A0 zubhacandra Adi kucha AcAryoM ne samyagdarzana meM 25 doSoM kI sambhAvanA vyakta kI hai, jinheM unhoMne cAra vargoM meM vibhAjita kara rakhA hai| ve haiM - 1. mUr3hatA ajnyaantaa| yaha ajJAnatA tIna prakAra kI ho sakatI hai - dharma ke viSaya meM, deva ke viSaya meM aura guru ke viSaya meM jise kramazaH dharmamUr3hatA, devamUr3hatA aura gurumUr3hatA kahA jAtA hai| 2. mada antaHkaraNa ke bhItara abhimAna kA prAdarbhAva honaa| ye ATha prakAra kA hotA hai, yathA - jAtimada, kulamada, balamada, lAbhamada, jJAnamada, tapamada, rUpamada aura aizvaryamada, jo kramazaH mAtRvaMza, pitRvaMza, zArIrika bala, pUjA-pratiSThA, buddhi, upavAsa Adi zArIrika saundarya aura aizvarya ke Azraya se antaHkaraNa meM prAdurbhUta hotA hai| 3. anAyatana na aaytn| Ayatana arthAt sthaan| jo dharma ke Ayatana hote haiM ve dharmAyatana kahe jAte haiN| kintu jo dharma ke vastutaH sthAna nahIM hote, ve anAyatana kahalAte haiM aura ve saMkSepa meM chaH haiM - kudeva, kuzruta, kuliMgI (kuguru), tathA gatiranityAzunyakAtitA / / - jJAnasAra, 14/- pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/ 1. nityazucyAtmatAkhyAtiranityAzucyanAtmasu / avidyA tattvavidyA, yogAcAryaiH prakIrtitA / / - jJAnasAra, 14/1 anityA'zuciduHkhAnAtmasu nityazucisukhA''tmakhyAtiravidyA / / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/5 uddhRta yogazataka, svopajJavRtti, gA0 1 zrAvakaprajJapti, 86 5. yogazAstra, 2/17

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130 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ina tInoM ke bhakta - kudevabhakta, kuzrutabhakta aura kuliMgIbhakta / ina chahoM kI prazaMsA karane se samyagdarzana malina hotA hai| vItarAga yA arhata ke vacanoM para zaMkA karanA, unakI yathArthatA ke prati saMdeha vyakta karanA athavA tattvArtha ke zraddhAna meM zithilatA honaa| 4. zaMkA zaMkA ATha prakAra kI ho sakatI hai - zaMkA, AkAMkSA, vicikitsA, mUDhadRSTi, anupagUhana, asthirIkaraNa, avAtsalya aura aprbhaavnaa| inameM se prathama cAra A0 haribhadra dvArA bhI svIkRta haiM aura unakA varNana pIche 1 jA cukA hai| zeSa cAra meM ajJAnI yA azaktajanoM ke kAraNa mokSa-mArga kI nindA hone para use dUra karane kA prayatna nahIM karanA tathA apanI prazaMsA aura dUsaroM kI nindA karanA, 'anupagRhana' hai| prANiyoM ko mokSa-mArga se bhraSTa hote dekhakara bhI unheM usameM sthira rakhane kA prayatna nahIM karanA, 'asthirIkaraNa' hai| sAdharmIjanoM kA sadabhAvanApUrvaka yathAyogya Adara-satkAra nahIM karanA, 'avAtsalya' hai| jainadharma viSayaka ajJAnatA ko dUra karake usakI mahimA ko pradarzita karane kA prayatna nahIM karanA yA svayaM ajJAnatAvaza aisA AcaraNa karanA, jisase dharma kI nindA ho sakatI ho, 'aprabhAvanA hai| smaraNIya hai ki dasavIM evaM gyArahavIM zatI ke brAhmaNa AcArya kSemendra ne darpadalana nAmaka grantha meM pUrvavarNita 8 madoM meM se 7 arthAt kula, dhana, vidyA, rUpa, zaurya, dAna aura tapa ko darpa kA kAraNa mAnA hai aura isa darpa ko bar3A doSa svIkAra kiyA hai| kintu jo sAdhaka ina doSoM se baca kara svayaM meM jinazAsana meM sthiratA, dharma kI prabhAvanA, jinazAsana meM bhakti, jinazAsana meM kauzala tathA caturvidhasaMgha-sevA rUpI bhUSaNoM ko pratiSThita kara lete haiM, ve pUrvokta doSoM para vijaya prApta karake samyagdarzana rUpI manobhAva ko sampUrNa rUpa se paripuSTa karake mokSa-sAdhanA ke rAjapatha para pahu~ca jAte haiN| prAptikrama : samyagdarzana kI prApti kI apekSA unhIM jIvoM ko hai, jinheM vaha aba taka prApta nahIM haA hai, aura jo mithyAdRSTi meM hI bhaTaka rahe haiN| aise jIvoM kI do sthitiyA~ ho sakatI haiM, prathama jo anAdi kAla se mithyAdRSTi meM par3e hue haiM, aura dUsare jo samyagdarzana ko prApta karake, kinhIM kAraNoM se bhaTakakara, punaH mithyAdRSTi meM patita ho gae haiN| ina donoM meM anAdikAla se mithyAdRSTi meM vidyamAna jIvoM ke lie punaH mithyAdRSTi meM patita jIvoM kI apekSA samyagdarzana kI prApti kucha sarala hai| yahA~ yaha bhI dhyAna rakhane yogya hai ki, sabhI mithyAdRSTi jIva samyagdarzana ke adhikArI nahIM hote| isa prasaMga meM pAtaJjalayoga-paramparA jaina-paramparA se bhinna hai| pAtaJjalayoga meM bhavyajIva (mokSa-prApta kara sakane yogya) tathA anAdi-ananta abhavyajIva (jinheM kabhI bhI mokSa kI prApti nahIM hogI), aisA koI vibhAjana nahIM hai| maharSi pataJjali kI dRSTi meM sabhI vyakti samAna rUpa se yoga ke adhikArI haiN| samyagdarzana prApta karane kI yogyatA kA udaya hote hI jIva usake unmukha hotA hai, aura vaha' kSayopazama', 'vizuddhi', 'dezanA', 'prAyogya' aura 'karaNa' ina pAMca labdhiyoM ko prApta karatA hai| inameM antima 1. jJAnArNava,6/7*1: upAsakAdhyayana, 21/24 kSemendraH suhRdAM prItyA darpadoSacikitsakaH / svAsthyAya kurute yatnaM madhuraiH sUkti bheSajaiH / / kulaM vittaM zrutaM rUpaM zaurya dAnaM tapastathA / prAdhAnyena manuSyANAM saptaite madahetavaH / / - darpadalana, 3.4 sthairya prabhAvanA bhaktiH, kauzalaM jinazAsane / tIrthasevA ca paMcA'sya bhUSaNAniH pracakSate / / - yogazAstra, 2/16 labdhi kA artha hai- prApti / prakRta meM samyaktva grahaNa karane ke yogya sAmagrI kI prApti ko 'labdhi' kahA gayA hai| gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa). 650, 651 5 .

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yoga aura AcAra 131 'karaNalabdhi' bhavya-jIvoM ko hI prApta hotI hai, aura isakI prApti ke uparAnta samyagdarzana kA prakaTana prArambha ho jAtA hai|' 'karaNalabdhi' ke sAmAnyataH tIna stara (pariNAma) svIkAra kiye gaye haiM - 1. yathApravRttakaraNa, 2. apUrvakaraNa, 3. anivRttikrnn| inameM prathama sthiti meM jIva anAdi, durbhedya karma-granthi ke samIpa pahu~catA hai, dvitIya sthiti meM granthi-bhedana kI yogyatA prApta karatA hai aura tRtIya sthiti meM mohanIyakarma kI usa kaThora, gAr3ha-granthi kA bhedana kara letA hai| jisa prakAra vaidika yoga-sAdhanA meM saphalatA guru kI kRpA se hI sambhava mAnI jAtI haiM usI prakAra jainayoga-paramparA meM uparyukta karaNoM meM prathama arthAt yathApravRttakaraNa ko eka svAbhAvika, parantu mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA mAnA jAtA hai| isa prathama karaNa kI prApti ke pazcAt jIva kI sAdhanA kramazaH Age bar3hatI hai, aura vaha dvitIya, tRtIya 'karaNoM ko kramazaH prApta karatA jAtA hai| smaraNIya hai ki digambara paramparA meM yathApravRttakaraNa ke sthAna para adhaHpravRttakaraNa zabda milatA hai| jaina AcAryoM ke anusAra yathApravRttakaraNa do prakAra kA hotA hai - sAmAnya yathApravRttakaraNa aura viziSTa yathApravRttakaraNa / inameM prathama karaNa kI prApti abhavya jIva ko bhI ho sakatI hai, kintu viziSTa yathApravRttakaraNa kA adhikArI bhavyajIva hI bana pAtA hai| samyagdarzana kI pUrNatA viziSTa yathApravRttakaraNa kI prApti ke bAda kramazaH hone lagatI hai aura jIva apUrvakaraNa va karaNa ko prApta karake sAdhanA ke prathama sopAna para pUrNataH ArUr3ha ho jAtA hai tathA samyagdarzana kI pUrNatA ke sAtha hI samyagjJAnI kI koTi meM A jAtA hai| kha. samyagjJAna jaina-paramparAnusAra mokSa kA dvitIya sopAna samyagjJAna hai| pAtaJjalayogazAstra meM cittavRttinirodha rUpa yoga ko kaivalya kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai, aura usakI prApti ke lie abhyAsa-vairAgya, Izvara-praNidhAna, prANAyAma Adi jina sAdhanoM kI carcA kI gaI hai, unameM jJAna kA alaga se parigaNana nahIM hai| cittavRtti kA nirodha eka sthiti vizeSa taka ho jAne para arthAta samprajJAtasamAdhi ke siddha hone para RtambharAprajJA ke udaya kI bAta kahI gaI hai| yaha RtambharAprajJA adhyayana se prApta jJAna aura anumAna se prApta jJAna se bhinna huA karatI hai| yahA~ isa jJAna ko yadyapi vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki isa jJAna kA saMskAra anya samasta saMskAroM kA nirodha kara DAlatA hai, aura usake anantara svayaM usakA bhI nirodha ho jAtA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa sAdhaka ko nirbIjasamAdhi kI siddhi hotI hai, tathApi yaha jJAna jaina-paramparA ke samyagjJAna ke samAnAntara pratIta nahIM hotA, kyoMki donoM jJAnoM ke hetu meM paraspara paryApta bheda hai| mous 1. labdhisAra, 3 2. karaNaM ahApavattaM apuvvamaniyaTTimeva bhvvaannN| - vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 1202 amanaskayoga, 15 jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR0451 vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 1202, pR0 302 6 jaina AcAra: siddhAnta aura svarUpa, pR0 122 yogabindu, 265 yogshcittvRttinirodhH| abhyAsavairAgyAbhyAM tannirodhaH / iishvrprnnidhaanaadvaa| pracchardanavidhAraNAbhyAM vA praannsy| viSayavatI vA pravRttirutpannA manasaH sthitinibNdhnii| vizokA vA jyotissmtii| vItarAgaviSayaM vA cittam / svapnanidrAjJAnAlambanaM vaa| ythaabhimtdhyaanaadvaa| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/2, 12, 23, 34-36 vahI, 1/48, 46 10. pAtaJjalayogasUtra. 1/50. 51

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132 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana artha : samyagjJAna kA artha hai - samyagdarzana arthAt samyaka zraddhApUrvaka jIvAjIvAdi navatattvaviSayaka yathArtha jnyaan| sAMsArika padArthoM ke samyagdRSTi rahita jJAna ko isa kAraNa mithyAjJAna kahA gayA hai kyoMki vaha jIva ko viSayabhogoM kI ora AkRSTa karatA hai aura vaha mukti kI apekSA baMdhana kA kAraNa banatA hai| AtmAbhimukha hone ke lie Atmabodha honA Avazyaka hai| usa Atmatattva ko athavA vAstavika kalyANa-sAdhana ke mArga ko pahacAnanA samyagjJAna hai| isalie upA0 yazovijaya ne kahA hai ki mokSa ke hetubhUta eka pada kA jJAna bhI zreSTha hai, jabaki mokSa kI sAdhanA meM anupayogI vistRta jJAna bhI vyartha hai| jJAna ke prakAra : samyagjJAna kI carcA prArambha hote hI jJAna ke svarUpa, usake sAdhana aura usake viSaya kI ora hamArA dhyAna anAyAsa calA jAtA hai| ina tInoM dRSTiyoM se jJAna ke aneka bheda pratIta hote haiN| sAmAnya rUpa se jainadarzana ke anusAra jJAna ke pratyakSa aura parokSa, do bheda haiN| bhAratIya darzana meM sAdhAraNatayA indriyoM dvArA hone vAle jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnA jAtA hai parantu jainadarzana ke anusAra indriyoM aura mana kI sahAyatA kI apekSA ke binA sAkSAt AtmA se hI jo jJAna hotA hai vaha pratyakSa kahalAtA hai| isake viparIta indriya aura mana Adi kI sahAyatA se bAhya evaM Abhyantara viSayoM kA jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha parokSa hai| laukika pratyakSa kA samAveza pratyakSa meM karane kI dRSTi se pratyakSa ke punaH sAMvyavahArika. (indriya) pratyakSa tathA pAramArthika (Atma) pratyakSa, ye do bheda bhI kie gae hai| jainadarzana meM anya prakAra se bhI jJAna ke bheda kiye gaye haiN| yathA - mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyAya aura kevl| inameM se matijJAna aura zrutajJAna ko 'parokSa tathA avadhi, manaHparyAya aura kevalajJAna ko 'pratyakSa mAnA gayA hai| mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA, abhinibodha paryAyavAcaka zabda haiN|" pAMcoM indriyoM tathA mana se hone vAlA jJAna 'matijJAna' kahalAtA hai / 13 matijJAna ke pazcAt zAstrAdi ke AdhAra para cintana-manana ke dvArA jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha 'zrutajJAna' hai| indriyajanya aura manojanya hone para bhI matijJAna meM zabdollekha nahIM hotA, jabaki zrutajJAna meM zabdollekha hotA hai| yadyapi donoM meM indriya aura mana kI apekSA samAna hai, tathApi mati kI apekSA zrata kA viSaya adhika vistata hai aura usameM spaSTatA bhI adhika hai kyoMki zrutajJAna meM manovyApAra kI pradhAnatA hone se zabda aura artha kI paryAlocanA rahatI hai tathA pUrvApara krama bhI banA rahatA hai| isIlie kahA gayA hai ki anya se zravaNa kara yA graMtha Adi par3hakara jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai vaha 'zrutajJAna' hai|3 zrutajJAna avagrahAdi matipUrvaka hotA hai| jisa jJAna se indriyoM kI sahAyatA ke binA hI eka nizcita sImA ke bhItara arthAt maryAdApUrvaka rUpI padArthoM ko jAnA jA sake, vaha 1. (ka) nANeNa jANaI bhAve, daMsaNeNa ya rudahe / - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/35 (kha) pajjavANa ya savvesiM, nANaM nANIhi desiyaM / / - vahI, 28/5 muni nyAyavijaya, jainadarzana, pR04 jJAnasAra, 5/2 tattvArthAdhigamabhASya, 1/12 atiindriytvaat| - vahI nimittaapeksstvaat| - vahI pratyakSa dvividham- sAMvyavahArikama, pAramArthika ceti / - jainatarkabhASA, pR02 tattvArthasUtra, 1/6; jJAnArNava, 1/3 tattvArthasUtra, 1/11 vahI, 1/12 matiH smRtiH saMjJA cintA'bhinibodha ityanarthAntaram / - vahI, 1/13 12. tadindriyA'nindriyanimittam |- vahI, 1/14 13. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 100, 121 / / 14. zrutaM matipUrva ..... | - tattvArthasUtra 1/20 11

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yoga aura AcAra 133 'avadhijJAna' hai| jisa jJAna se saMjJI, paMcendriya jIvoM ke manogata bhAvoM ko jAnA jA sake, vaha manaHparyayajJAna kahalAtA hai| yaha jJAna bhAvoM kI vizeSa nirmalatA aura tapa ke prabhAva se utpanna hotA hai| isalie avadhijJAna kI apekSA ise zreSTha kahA gayA hai| jaina-paramparA meM jJAna kI parAkASThA ko ananta aura asIma mAnA gayA hai| paripUrNa brahmajJAna, parizuddha AtmajJAna athavA kevalajJAna, jJAna kI usI parAkASThA ke bodhaka haiN| jJAnAvaraNAdi cAra ghAtikarmoM ke pUrNataH naSTa hone para jo eka nirmala, paripUrNa evaM asAdhAraNa jJAna utpanna hotA hai, use kevalajJAna kahate haiN| kevalajJAna se trikAlavartI sabhI dravyoM aura unakI paryAyoM ko eka sAtha jAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha jJAna kI sarvocca avasthA hai| isake prApta hone para AtmA sarvajJa, sarvadarzI aura parama cinmaya bana jAtA hai| yaha manuSya kI sAdhanA kA antima phala hai, jisake prApta hone para AtmA jIvanmukta tathA anta meM siddha avasthA ko prApta ho jAtA hai|5| pataJjali ne nirodha karane yogya vRttiyoM kI carcA karate hue pramANa, viparyaya, vikalpa, nidrA aura smRti kA vivecana kiyA hai| pramANa ina vRttiyoM meM prathama hai| pataJjali ne pramANa tIna mAne haiM- pratyakSa, anumAna aura aagm| ina pramANoM se prApta jJAna kI koTiyA~ jainadarzana kI mAnyatA se aviruddha haiN| RtambharAprajJA ke sandarbha meM pataJjali ne ina tIna pramANoM ke AdhAra para zrutaprajJA aura anumAnaprajJA, isa prakAra dvividha prajJA kI upalabdhi kA ullekha kiyA hai| RtambharAprajJA ina donoM prajJAoM se bhinna hai| vaha bheda viSayamUlaka hai| arthAt zrutaprajJA evaM anumAnaprajJA kA viSaya kucha aura hotA hai tathA RtambharAprajJA kA kucha aur| / kahA jAtA hai ki jaba yogI kA citta dinabhara ke lie laya hone lagatA hai taba sampUrNa brahmANDa usake jJAna kA viSaya bana jAtA hai| cha: rAtriparyanta amanaskatA siddha hone para sampUrNa bhUtakAlika jJAna aura sAta rAtri paryanta amanaskatA siddha hone para vizvavetRtA siddha hotI hai, jise kevalajJAna kI jaina avadhAraNA ke samAnAntara rakhA jA sakatA hai| pataJjali dvArA nirdiSTa RtambharAprajJA ke samAnAntara jainadarzana ke avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevalajJAna meM se ThIka-ThIka kisa jJAna ko rakhA jAe, yaha kahanA kaThina hai, tathApi kevalajJAna ko usakI sImA meM hI samAhita kiyA jA sakatA hai| matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna anumAnaprajJA aura zrutaprajJA meM antargarbhita ho jAte haiN| jJeya vastu : jJeya vastu kA artha hai - jise jAnA jaae| jaina AcAryoM ne sampUrNa jJeya padArthoM ko sAmAnya * tmr 1. ruupissyvdheH| - tattvArthasUtra, 1/28 2. vishuddhikssetrsvaamivissyebhyo'vdhimnHpryaayyoH| - vahI, 1/26 (ka) mokSakSayAjjJAnadarzanAvaraNAntarAyakSayAcya kevlm| - tattvArthasUtra, 10/1 (kha) azeSadravyaparyAyaviSayaM vizvalocanam / anantamekamatyakSaM kevalaM kIrtitaM jinaiH / / - jJAnArNava,7/8 sarvadravyaparyAyeSu kevlsy| - tattvArthasUtra, 1/30 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26/71,72 pramANaviparyayavikalpanidrAsmRtayaH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra. 1/6 pratyakSAnumAnAgamAH pramANAni / - vahI, 1/7 zrutAnumAnaprajJAbhyAmanyaviSayA vizeSArthatyAt / - vahI, 1/46 vyAsabhASya, pR0 153 10. amanaskayoga, 62 11. vahI, 66, 70

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana aura vizeSa, do vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai|' unhoMne jJeya ke lie kahIM prameya zabda kA aura kahIM dravya zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / 2 134 jainadarzana meM sat aura dravya meM koI bheda nahIM mAnA gayA hai arthAt sattA sabhI dravyoM meM vidyamAna rahatI hai|' jaina AcAryoM ne dravya ko svayaM sattA svarUpa mAnA hai, arthAt sattA rUpa paramatattva dravya, guNa aura paryAya tInoM meM rahatA hai| ataH ve sattA (dravya) ke hI vistAra haiN| isa kathana ke anusAra paramatattva dravya ke tIna sthUla bheda kie jA sakate haiM dravya (sthUla dravya) guNa aura paryAya dRSTibheda se aneka bAra dravya aura sattA meM pradezabheda na mAnakara guNa-guNIbheda darzAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra sattA dravya kA abhinna lakSaNa hai| tathApi guNa guNI rUpa se sattA va dravya meM kathaMcit bheda bhI hai| dravya kA svarUpa sattA ke svarUpa se bhinna hai| sattA guNa hai aura dravya guNI hai| dravya ke binA guNa nahIM raha sakate aura guNa ke binA dravya kA svarUpa siddha nahIM hotA / ataH dravya svayaM hI sattA svarUpa hai| | cU~ki dravya apane svabhAva meM nitya avasthita rahatA hai isalie dravya sat hai|" aura sat utpAda-vyayadhauvyAtmaka hai|" isalie jainAcAryoM ne dravya kA lakSaNa utpAda vyaya dhrauvya kiyA hai ye tInoM paraspara avinAbhAvI haiN| vyaya athavA vinAza ke binA utpAda nahIM hotA, utpAda ke binA vyaya nahIM hotA, dhauvya ke binA utpAda vyaya nahIM hote aura na utpAda-vyaya ke binA dhrauvya rahatA hai / 12 utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvya dravya kA pariNAma haiN| dravya kA svayaM utpAda athavA vinAza nahIM hotA hai| paryAya kI apekSA hI dravya utpAda vyaya rUpa hotA hai|" utpAda evaM vinAza dravya meM rahane vAlI paryAyoM kA hotA hai|" isIlie AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai ki jo apane mUla svabhAva ko chor3e binA una guNoM kA AdhAra hotA hai, jisakI paryAya utpanna hotI hai aura naSTa ho jAtI hai, use dravya kahate haiN| isa prakAra dravya meM utpatti, sthiti aura vinAza tInoM kI sattA rahatI hai| 16 udAharaNArtha jaise ghaTAdi padArtha navInatA ko chor3akara dUsare bhAva ko svIkAra karate haiM phira bhI unakA mUlabhAva yAni maulika astitva khaMDita nahIM hotaa| jainadarzana ke anusAra pUrva paryAya ko chor3akara jo navIna paryAya utpanna hotI hai, usakA nAma 'utpAda' aura pUrva paryAya ke vinAza kA nAma 'vyaya' hai| ina donoM ke sAtha-sAtha vastu meM jo anAdi svAbhAvika pariNAma sadA rahatA hai use dhauvya kahA jAtA hai|" udAharaNArtha suvarNamaya gahanoM ko tor3akara nae-nae AkAra ke gahanoM kA nirmANa karAne se unake AkAra to bhinna ho jAte haiM para unakI svarNarUpatA (pItAdi guNa) sadA vidyamAna rahatI 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. vahI. 2/6, 13 vahI, 2/15 vahI, 2/16 vahI, 2/17 paMcAstikAya, 13 - jJeyaM hi vastu sAmAnya vizeSAtmakamatra yat / - pravacanasAra, 1 / 36 iha vivihalakkhaNANaM lakkhaNamegaM saditi savvagayaM / -- 8. 6. pravacanasAra, 2/18 10. tattvArthasUtra 5 / 26: pravacanasAra, 2/6 11. tattvArthasUtra 5/30: pravacanasAra, 2/7 anekAntavyavasthAprakaraNa, pR0 83 pravacanasAra, 1/18 13. 14. vahI, 2/11 15. vahI, 1/18 16. yogabindu, 501: pravacanasAra, 2/3 17. pravacanasAra, 2/8 * AcArasAra, 4 / 3 vahI, 2/5

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yoga aura AcAra 135 hai|' yahA~ svarNatva dhrauvya hai aura pUrvavartI AkAroM kA vinAza tathA uttaravartI AkAroM kA nirmANa kramazaH vyaya aura utpAda haiN| isIprakAra dUdha se dahI banAnA dUdha kA vinAza hai aura dahI kI utpatti utpAda hai, tathA donoM meM rahane vAlA gorasatva dhrauvya hai| isaprakAra spaSTa hai ki sat padArtha eka hI samaya meM utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya rUpa hotA hai| ___ jaina AcAryoM ne dravya kA lakSaNa karate hue dravya kI eka anya vizeSatA yaha batAI ki dravya guNa, paryAya svarUpa hai| arthAt guNa aura paryAya bhI dravya rUpa haiM kyoMki paryAya se rahita dravya aura dravya se rahita paryAya nahIM hotii| usI prakAra dravya ke binA guNa aura guNa ke binA dravya nahIM hotaa| arthAt dravya aura guNa paraspara abhinna haiM parantu dravya kI vividha paryAyoM meM pariNamana hotA rahatA hai| dravya jaba jisa rUpa meM pariNamana karatA hai, taba vaha usI rUpa meM ho jAtA hai| dravya meM pariNAma-janana kI zakti hI usakA guNa hai, aura guNajanya pariNAma paryAya hai| isalie dravya guNa, paryAya vAlA hai| nadarzana meM varNita vasta kI utpAda. vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpa trigaNAtmakatA pataJjali praNIta yogasatra meM bhI dharma aura dharmI, AkRti aura dravya nAma se nirdiSTa hai| vahA~ bhASyakAra vyAsa likhate haiM ki jaise rucaka svastikAdi anekavidha AkAroM ko dhAraNa karatA huA bhI suvarNapiMDa apane mUla svarUpa kA parityAga nahIM karatA arthAt suvarNa asuvarNa nahIM ho jAtA, apitu usake AkAra vizeSa hI anyAnya svarUpoM ko dhAraNa karate haiN| isI prakAra dharmI meM rahane vAle dharmoM kA hI anyathAbhAva bhinna-bhinna svarUpa meM parivartana hotA hai, dharmI rUpa dravya kA nhiiN| dharmI dravya to sadA apanI mUla sthiti meM rahatA hai| isaprakAra dharmoM ke utpAda aura vinAza evaM dharmI ke dhrauvya tathA utpatti, vinAza aura sthiti rUpa vastu kI siddhi meM koI nyanUtA pratIta nahIM hotii| ataH spaSTa hai ki vastu ananta-dharmAtmaka hai| anekAntavAda __maharSi pataJjali ne niroddhavya vRttiyoM meM pramANa, viparyaya, vikalpa nidrA aura smRti, ina pAMca vRttiyoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| ye vRttiyA~ kliSTa aura akliSTa bheda se do prakAra kI haiN|12 kliSTa kA artha haiklezahetuka / bhASyakAra vyAsa ke anusAra jo vRttiyA~ dharma, adharma tathA vAsanA samUha kI utpatti karane vAlI evaM avidyA Adi klezamalaka haiM. ve kliSTa kahalAtI haiN|3 maharSi pataJjali ne inheM avidyA, asmitA. rAga, dveSa aura abhiniveza ke bheda se pAMca prakAra kA mAnA hai|14 abhiniveza kA artha hai - 'atizaya aagrh| * is bog pravacanasAra, 1/20 para tattvadIpikATIkA zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 7/3: AtmamImAMsA, 60; adhyAtmopaniSad, 44 AtmamImAMsA, 51: SaDdarzanasamuccaya, 57 4. tattvArthasUtra, 5/37: paMcAstikAya, 10 pravacanasAra, 1/10: paMcAstikAya, 12 paMcAstikAya, 18 7. tattyArtharAjayArtika,5/38/43 pravacanasAra, 1/6 6 tattvArthasUtra, 5/37; pravacanasAra, 1/2 tatra dharmasya dharmiNi vartamAnasyaivAdhvasvatItAnAgatavartamAneSu bhAvAnyathAtvaM bhavati na tu dravyAnyathAtvaM yathAsuvarNabhAjanasya bhittyAnyathA kriyamANasya bhAvAnyathAtvaM bhavati na suvarNAnyathAtvamiti / - vyAsabhASya, pR0 338. 336 11. pramANaviparyayavikalpanidrAsmRtayaH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/6 vRttayaH paMcatayaH kliSTA'kliSTAH / - vahI, 1/5 13. klezahetukAH karmAzayapracayekSetrIbhUtAH kliSTAH / - vyAsabhASya, pR 23 14. avidyA'smitArAgadveSAbhinivezAH paJcaklezAH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/3

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136 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jisakI vyAkhyA karate hue bhASyakAra vyAsa ne "maiM na hoU~, "aisA na ho isa udAharaNa ko prastuta kiyA hai|' isa abhiniveza kI puSTi mukhya rUpa se ekAntavAda se huA karatI hai, jisake unmUlana ke lie jainAcAryoM ne anekAntavAda kI sthApanA kii| isakI sthApanA kA ekamAtra uddezya abhiniveza rUpI vatti kA nirodha hai, aisA samajhanA caahie| __ anekAntavAda jaina darzana kI samasta darzana jagat ko eka mahattvapUrNa dena hai| yaha jaina darzana kA maulika cintana hai, jisameM vibhinna dharmoM aura darzanoM meM nihita satyoM ko svIkAra kara unameM paraspara samanvaya sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| anekAntavAda vastu ke vyApaka aura sArvabhaumika svarUpa ko jAnane kA vaha prakAra hai, jisameM vivakSita dharma ko jAnate hue bhI anya dharmoM kA niSedha nahIM kiyA jAtA, unheM gauNa yA avivakSita kara diyA jAtA hai| isase sampUrNa vastu kA mukhya-gauNa bhAva se sparza ho jAtA hai arthAt vastu ke sabhI aMzoM kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| 'anekAntavAda' ke 'anekAnta' zabda para vicAra karane se anekAnta zabda meM 'aneka' aura 'anta' ina do zabdoM kA saMyoga dikhAI detA hai| 'anta' zabda kA vyutpatigata artha hai-amyate gamyate-nizcIyate iti antaH dharmaH / na ekaH anekaH / anekazcAsau antazca iti anekAntaH / arthAt vastu meM aneka dharmoM ke samUha ko mAnanA anekAnta hai| anekAnta kI paribhASA eka jainAcArya ne isa prakAra dI hai - aneke antAH bhAvAH arthAH sAmAnyavizeSa-guNaparyAyAH, yasya so'nekAntaH arthAt jisameM aneka artha, bhAva, sAmAnya, vizeSa, guNa, paryAya rUpa se pAye jAyeM, vaha anekAnta hai| 'vAda' kA artha hai - siddhAnta, cintana, yA kthnshailii| isaprakAra anekAntavAda kA artha huA - padArtha kA bhinna-bhinna dRSTiyoM/apekSAoM se paryAlocana krnaa| vastu kA svarUpa jainadarzana kisI bhI padArtha ko ekAnta nahIM maantaa| usake mata meM padArtha mAtra hI anekAntAtmaka hai| kevala eka hI dRSTi se kiyA gayA padArtha-nizcaya jainadarzana meM apUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| jainadarzana ke matAnusAra vastu kA svarUpa virATa hai| usameM sattA-asattA, bhAva-abhAva, nityatA-anityatA, pariNAmitAapariNAmitA Adi aneka pratidvandvI paraspara virodhI-dharma vidyamAna haiN| yadi vastu meM rahane vAle anekadharmoM meM se kisI eka hI dharma ko lekara usakA (vastu kA) nirUpaNa kiyA jAe aura usI ko sarvAMzatayA satya mAna liyA jAe to yaha vicAra apUrNa evaM bhrAnta hogA kyoMki jo vicAra eka dRSTi se satya samajhA jAtA hai tadvirodhI vicAra bhI dRSTyantara se satya hote haiN| udAharaNArtha - eka vyakti pitA, putra, bhAI Adi bhinna-bhinna saMjJAoM se pukArA jAtA hai, jisase pratIta hotA hai ki usameM pitRtva, putratva tathA bhrAtatva Adi aneka dharmoM kI sattA vidyamAna hai| jisaprakAra bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM se eka hI vyakti meM pitRtva, putratva Adi kI kalpanA hotI hai, unameM koI virodha nahIM mAnA jAtA, usIprakAra eka hI vastu meM nityAnityAdi anekAnta dharma mAnane meM bhI koI virodha nahIM hai| vastutaH padArtha kA svarUpa eka samaya meM eka hI zabda ke dvArA sampUrNatayA nahIM kahA jA sakatA aura na hI vastu meM rahane vAle aneka dharmoM meM se kisI eka hI 1. sarvasya prANina iyamAtmAzIrnityA bhavati, "gA na bhUvaM bhuuyaasmiti'| na cAnanubhUtamaraNadharmakasyaiSA bhavatyAtmAzIH / - vyAsabhASya, pR0 185 2. ratnAkarAvatArikA, pR86 'anekAntavAda'. muni zrI mohanalAla zArdUla, tulasIprajJA, khaNDa 8, aMka 4-6. pR0 17 kathaM vipratiSiddhAnAM na virodhaH smuccye| apekSAbhedato hanta saiva vipratiSiddhatA / / bhinnApekSA yathaikatra pitRputrAdikalpanA / nityAnityAdyanekAntaH tathaiva na virotsyte|| avyApyavRttidharmANAM ythaavcchedkaashryaa| nApi tataH parAvRttiH tat kiM nAtra tthaikssyte|| - adhyAtgopaniSada. 38-40

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yoga aura AcAra dharma ko svIkAra karake anya kA apalApa kiyA jA sakatA | anekAntavAda cintana kI vaha zailI hai, jisake dvArA apekSAbheda se vastu kI anantadharmAtmakatA kA bodha ho sakatA hai| eka zabda yA vAkya ke dvArA vastu ke samasta dharmoM kA yugapad kathana azakya hone se prayojanavaza kabhI eka dharma ko mukhya mAnakara kathana kiyA jAtA hai, to kabhI dUsare ko / ananta dharmoM meM se jisakA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai vaha mukhya hotA hai, zeSa sabhI gauNa hote haiN| mukhya dharma ke sAtha anya dharma bhI gauNa rUpa se svIkRta hote raheM, unakA niSedha na ho, isa prayojana se pratyeka vAkya ke sAtha 'syAt' yA 'kathaMcit' zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai|' 'syAt' zabda kA artha hai - kisI apekSA se / vastu-tattva ke nirNaya meM kisI apekSA kI pradhAnatA para AdhArita vAda 'syAdvAda' kahalAtA hai| anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda kA paraspara ghaniSTa sambandha hai| donoM eka dUsare ke pUraka haiN| eka ke abhAva meM dUsare kA koI mahatva nahIM raha jaataa| anekAntavAda vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko sApekSa dRSTi se cintana- vicAra karane kI zailI hai jabaki syAdavAda vastu kI aneka dharmAtmakatA yA anantadharmAtmakatA ko kahane kA sAdhana hai| isaprakAra anekAntavAda eka siddhAnta hai to syAdavAda anekAntavAda kA nirUpaNa karane kA vAcanika upAya arthAt zailI hai / anekAntavAda sApekSa cintanazailI hai aura syAdavAda nirUpaNapaddhati / zAstroM meM kahA gayA hai ki syAdavAda kA 'syAd' zabda anekAnta dyotaka 'avyaya' hai isalie syAdavAda hI anekAntavAda hai| nitya aura anitya Adi aneka dharmoM se yukta vastu kA abhyupagama 'syAdavAda' hai| isa prakAra syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda donoM paryAyavAcI mAne gae haiN| syAdvAda kA artha syAdvAda zabda 'syAt' aura 'vAda' ina do zabdoM ke mela se banA hai| unameM 'syAt' zabda as dhAtu kA vidhiliMga meM prathamapuruSa ke eka vacana kA rUpa pratIta hotA hai, parantu yathArtha meM yaha avyaya hai| isake aneka artha haiN| yathA- prazaMsA, vivAda, astitva, saMzaya, prazna aura anekAnta / jainadarzana meM yaha anekAnta ke artha meM prayukta hai / yaha kathaMcit kA paryAyavAcI avyaya aura anekAntAtmaka artha kA pratipAdaka hai| isakA artha hai kisI apekSA se / 'vAda' zabda kA artha hai * kathana krnaa| isaprakAra syAdavAda kA artha huAapekSA vizeSa se padArtha meM vidyamAna (anya apekSAoM kA nirAkaraNa kie binA) vastu ke svarUpa kA kathana karanA | tAtparya yaha hai ki syAdavAda sApekSa siddhAnta hai| jaba koI kathana kisI vastu ke dharma vizeSa para AdhArita hotA hai to vaha sApekSa kahalAtA hai| saMkSepa meM vastutattva ke nirNaya meM kisI apekSA kI pradhAnatA para AdhArita vAda 'syAdavAda' hai / - 137 1. jainendrasiddhAnta koza, bhAga, 4, pR. 467 2. laghIyastrayam, 62 para vivRtti 3. syAdityavyayamanekAntadyotakam / tataH syAdavAdaH anekAntavAdaH nityAnityAdyanekadharmazabalaikavastvabhyupagama iti yAvat / syAdavAdamaJjarI, pR0 15 -- (ka) syAditi zabdo anekAntadyotakoti pratipattavyo na punarvidhivicArapraznAdidyotI tathA vivakSApAyAt / 4. 5. -- aSTasahasrI, pR0 286 (kha) atra sarvathAtyaniSedhako'nekAntadyotakaH kathaMcidarthe syAcchabdo nipAtaH / - paMcAstikAya, 14 para amRtacandrasUri kI TIkA syAtkathaMcitvivakSitaprakAreNAnekAMtarUpeNa vadanaM vAdo jalpaH kathanaM pratipAdanamiti syAdvAdaH / -- samayasAra, tAtparyavRtti, 413/7

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138 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana syAdavAda kI kathana zailI - saptabhaMgI ___ syAdvAda kA vizleSaNa karane kI zailI hI 'saptabhaMgI' kahalAtI hai kyoMki jaina-paramparAnusAra vastu ke samasta guNoM kA sarvAMgINa nirUpaNa sAta prakAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai| saptabhaMgI kA artha hai - vicAradhArA ke sAta prakAra | saptabhaMgI kI paribhASA dete hue kahA gayA hai ki eka vastu meM kisI eka niyata dharma-sambandhI prazna ko lekara aviruddha rUpa se pRthak-pRthak yA sammilita vidhi-niSedha kI kalpanA dvArA 'syAt pada se yukta sAta prakAra ke vacana kA prayoga 'saptabhaMgI' hai|' anantadharmAtmaka vastu meM sat-asat, astitva-nAstitva, bheda-abheda, nitya-anitya Adi aneka paraspara virodhI dharma vidyamAna haiM aura sabhI apane-apane sthAna para upayukta haiN| jisaprakAra loka-vyavahAra meM paraspara virodhI dharma-yugaloM kA vicAra kathana, jJAna, apekSA-dRSTi ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai, usIprakAra vastu ke paraspara virodhI dharmoM kA vicAra bhI apekSAbheda ko lakSya meM rakhakara kiyA jA sakatA hai| inakA kathana karane ke lie sva-para kI apekSA kA Azraya liyA jAtA hai| sva ke lie dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva AdhAra haiM, aura para ke kathana ke lie bhI yahI dravyAdi bhAva AdhArabhUta hote haiM, kyoMki pratyeka vastu kisI na kisI dravya rUpa hai yA dravya hai aura dravya nirAdhAra nahIM rhtaa| usake rahane ke lie sthAna avazya honA caahie| ataH vaha kisI na kisI kSetra meM rhegaa| dravya kA astitva trikAlavartI hai, jisase dravya ke rUpa se rUpAntarita hote rahane para bhI samaya to pratyeka sthiti meM usake sAtha rahatA hI hai| pratyeka vastu ke astitva kA bodha svayaM usakA bhAva hai| yadyapi vastu kI avasthAe~ aneka rUpa dhAraNa kara letI haiM tathApi unakI apanI maulika prakRti meM koI parivartana nahIM hotaa| yathA jIva ajIva nahIM hotA aura na ajIva jIva hotA hai| vastu kA svarUpa tabhI bana sakatA hai jaba usameM sva kI sattA kI bhA~ti para kI asattA bhI ho| arthAt vastu-svarUpa ke kathana meM vidhi aura niSedha donoM prakAra ke vAkyoM kA prayoga karanA par3atA hai kyoMki pratyeka zabda ke mukhya rUpa se vidhi aura niSedha ye do vAcya hote haiN| pratyeka vidhi ke sAtha niSedha aura pratyeka niSedha ke sAtha vidhi kA saMbaMdha avazya rahatA hai| ekAnta rUpa se na koI vidhi saMbhava hai aura na hI koI nissedh| sva-dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva kI apekSA pratiSedha rUpa praNAlI apanAI jAtI hai| ye aura niSedha ke dvArA apane artha ko batAtA hai to usake sAta prakAra hote haiN| cUMki vastu ke eka dharma sambandhI prazna sAta prakAra se ho sakate haiM, isalie syAdvAda kI kathana zailI ke bhaMga bhI sAta hI hote haiN| cU~ki jijJAsAe~ sAta hI prakAra kI hotI haiM, isalie prazna bhI sAta hI prakAra ke hote haiN| cUMki zaMkAe~ (saMdeha) sAta prakAra kI hotI haiM, isalie jijJAsAe~ bhI sAta hI prakAra kI hotI haiN| kisI bhI eka hI dharma ke viSaya meM sAta hI bhaMga hone se ise saptabhaMgI kahate haiN| bhaMga kA artha hai - vikalpa, prakAra yA bhed| vidhi-niSedha ke AdhAra para saptabhaMgI rUpa sAta prakAra ke vacana-vinyAsa kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai1. syAd asti kathaMcita hai| 2. syAd nAsti kathaMcit nahIM hai| 3. syAd asti-nAsti kathaMcit hai aura nahIM hai| 4. syAd avaktavya kathaMcit kahA nahIM jA sakatA hai| 5. syAd asti-avaktavya kathaMcita hai, to bhI kahA nahIM jA sktaa| ekatravastunyekaikadharmaparyanuyogavazAvirodhonavyastayoH samastayozca vidhiniSedhayoH kalpanA syAtkArAMkitaH saptadhA vAkprayogaH sptbhNgii| - pramANanayatattvAloka, 4/14, uddhRta saptabhaGgInayapradIpa prakaraNa pR06 pramANanayatattvAloka.44/37-442 2.

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yoga aura AcAra 139 6. syAda nAsti-avaktavya kathaMcit nahIM hai, to bhI kahA nahIM jA sktaa| 7. syAda asti-nAsti-avaktavya kathaMcit hai aura nahIM hai, to bhI kahA nahIM jA sktaa|' isa saptabhaMgI meM asti, nAsti ora avaktavya - ye tIna bhaMga mUla haiN| yadyapi asti rUpa vidhi tathA nAsti rUpa niSedha kA anubhava to vyakti ko prati samaya hotA rahatA hai, tathApi vyavahAra meM donoM meM se kisI eka kI mukhyatA aura dUsare kI gauNatA hI AdhAra hotI hai| donoM ko milAkara eka sAtha vidhi, aura niSedha kA kathana karane vAlA koI zabda nahIM hai| ataH vidhi aura niSedha kA eka sAtha kathana karane vAle zabda yA vAkya ke abhAva meM vivazatApUrvaka yaha kahanA par3atA hai ki ina donoM ko eka sAtha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isI ko avaktavya nAmaka tIsarA bhaMga kahate haiN| isaprakAra asti, nAsti aura avaktavya - na bhaMgoM ke saMyoga se zeSa cAra bhaMga banate haiN| unameM se syAda-asti-nAsti, syAdasti-avaktavya aura syAta-nAsti avaktavya, ye tIna dvisaMyogI tathA syAdasti-nAsti-avaktavya eka trisaMyogI bhaMga hai| ina saptabhaMgoM ke samUha ko hI saptabhaMgI kahate haiN| saptabhaMgoM ke lakSaNa isa prakAra haiM - 1. syAta-asti : yaha bhaMga vastu ke anya dharmoM kA niSedha na karate hue vidhi-viSayaka bodha utpanna karatA hai| jaise kathaMcit yaha ghaTa hai| yahA~ ghaTa meM astitva dharma sva-dravya, sva-kSetra, sva-kAla aura sva-bhAva kI dRSTi se darzAyA gayA hai| 2. syAt-nAsti : yaha bhaMga dharmAntara kA niSedha na karate hue niSedha viSayaka bodha kA kathana karatA hai| jaise - kathaMcita ghaTa nahIM hai| yahA~ ghaTa meM nAstitva kA kathana paracatuSTaya kI apekSA se hai| para kI apekSA se kiyA gayA kathana niSedha rUpa hotA hai| 3. syAta-asti-nAsti : yaha bhaMga eka dharmI meM krama se Ayojita vidhi-pratiSedha viSayaka bodha kA kathana karatA hai| yathA -kisI apekSA se ghaTa hai aura kisI apekSA se ghaTa nahIM hai| isameM pTaya kI apekSA se astitva kA aura paracatuSTaya kI apekSA se nAstitva kA kathana hai| -avaktavya : yaha bhaMga eka dharmI meM pratipAdita vidhi aura pratiSedha viSayaka bodha ke yugapada kathana kI avaktavyatA kA niSedha karatA hai| jaise ghaTa kA kathaMcit vacana dvArA kathana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa bhaMga meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki ghaTa kI vaktavyatA (varNana) yugapad meM nahIM, krama meM hI hotI hai| arthAta astitva-nAstitva yA vidhi-niSedha kA yugapad vAcaka koI zabda nahIM hai, isalie yaha kathaMcit avaktavya hai| 5. syAt-asti-avaktavya : yaha bhaMga prathama aura caturtha bhaMga ko eka sAtha jor3akara banAyA gayA hai| isameM dharmI vizeSya meM sattva sahita avaktavya vizeSaNa vAle jJAna kI utpatti kA kathana hai| jaise - kathaMcita ghaTa hai kintu usakA kathana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yahA~ vAkya ke pUrvArdha meM vidhi kI vivakSA karake uttarArdha meM yugapad vidhi-niSedha kI vivakSA kI gaI hai| 6. syAt-nAsti-avaktavya : yaha bhaMga dvitIya aura caturtha bhaMga ko jor3akara banAyA gayA hai| yaha dharmI vizeSya meM asattva sahita avaktavya vizeSaNa vAle jJAna kI utpatti kA kathana karatA hai| jaise - kathaMcita ghaTa nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai| yahA~ vAkya ke pUrvArdha meM niSedha kI vivakSA karake uttarArdha meM yugapad vidhi-niSedha kI avaktavyatA batAI gaI hai| 1. paMcAstikAya, 14 2. syAdavAdamaJjarI, zloka 24 kI vyAkhyA

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 7. syAt-asti-nAsti-avaktavya : yaha bhaMga tRtIya aura caturtha bhaMga ko jor3akara banA hai| isameM sattvaasattva sahita avaktavya vizeSaNa vAle jJAna kI utpatti kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| jaise - kathaMcit ghaTa hai, nahIM hai, aura avaktavya hai| yahA~ pahale kathana meM vidhi kI aura dUsare meM niSedha kI vivakSA karake tIsare kathana meM yugapad vidhi - niSedha kI avaktavyatA sUcita kI gaI hai| 140 yadyapi anantadharmAtmaka vastu kA kathana karane vAle zabda bhI ananta ho sakate haiM, tathApi una saba kathanoM kA samAhAra uparyukta saptabhaMgoM meM ho jAtA hai| ina sAtabhaMgoM kA pratyeka bhaMga nizcayAtmaka hai, anizcayAtmaka nhiiN| isalie kaI sthaloM para 'eva' (hI) zabda kA prayoga hotA bhI dekhA gayA hai| jaise 'syAd ghaTa astyeva' / yahA~ para 'eva' zabda svacatuSTaya kI apekSA nizcita rUpa se ghaTa kA astitva prakaTa karatA hai / parantu jahA~ 'eva' zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAtA, vahA~ anizcayAtmakatA kI sthiti nahIM samajhanI caahie| isa prakAra jainadarzana kA syAdvAda sAta parAmarzoM ko samAnAMtara sthApita karatA hai| ina parAmarzoM ko mAnasa meM eka sAtha lAne para jo siddhAnta banatA hai vaha 'anekAnta siddhAnta' arthAt 'anekAntavAda' kahalAtA hai| yaha siddhAnta jIvana ke kisI bhI prasaMga meM, cAhe vaha vyAvahArika jagat se saMbaMdhita ho athavA tAttvika cintana se, manuSya ke jIvana se abhiniveza kI nivRtti karAne meM AdhAra kA kArya karatA hai aura isa prakAra pataJjali dvArA nirdezita avidyA, asmitA, rAga, dveSa aura abhiniveza' meM antima kleza ke samUla uccheda meM hetu banatA hai| abhiniveza kI nivRtti honA prArambha hote hI svataH rAga-dveSa kI bhI nivRtti hone lagatI hai, asmitA bhI zithila ho jAtI hai aura usakA antima pariNAma hotA hai| * avidyA kA samUla uccheda / isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki pataJjali kI kleza nivRtti kI sAdhanA meM tattva-cintana kI dRSTi se kie jAne vAle abhyAsa aura vairAgya meM jainadarzana kA anekAnta siddhAnta upayogI siddha hotA hai| - jJeya viSaya jainadarzana yathArthavAdI hone ke sAtha-sAtha dvaitavAdI bhI hai| dvaitavAdI hone ke kAraNa jainadarzana meM mukhya rUpa se do hI tattva mAne gae haiM- jIva aura ajIva / donoM hI tattva saha astittva vAle hote hue bhI eka dUsare se bhinna haiM / caitanya lakSaNa vAle jitane bhI tattva vizeSa haiM, ve saba jIva vibhAga ke antargata A jAte haiN| isake viparIta jinameM caitanya nahIM hai aise sabhI tattvoM kA samAveza ajIva vibhAga ke antargata ho jAtA hai| ina do tattvoM ke AdhAra para hI jaina dArzanika paramparA meM sAta yA nau tattvoM kI kalpanA kI gaI / sAdhAraNataH vyavahArika dRSTikoNa se tattva / padArtha ke sAta bheda mAne gae haiM- jIva, ajIva, Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA, aura mokss| kahIM-kahIM puNya aura pApa ko milAkara nau tattva mAne gae haiN| vAstava meM zubhakarmoM kA Agamana puNyAsrava aura azubhakarmoM kA Agamana pApAsrava hai, tathA zubha karmoM kA baMdha puNyabaMdha aura azubhakarmoM kA baMdha pApabandha hai / isa dRSTi se puNya aura pApa ina do tattvoM kA antarbhAva pucchAvaseNa bhaMgA satteva du saMbhavadi jassa jathA / vatthutti taM pauccadi sAmaNNavisesado NiyadaM / / - uddhRta tattvArtharAjavArtika, pR0 253 avidyA'smitArAgadveSAbhinivezAH paMcaklezAH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/3 2. 3. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 36: dravyasaMgraha, 23 : anuyogadvArasUtra 123: pravacanasAra, 2 / 35 4. sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR0 33 5. 1. 6. (ka) jIvAjIvAsravabaMdhasaMvaranirjarAmokSAstattvam / - tattvArthasUtra, 1/4 (kha) jIvAjIvAstravo bandhaH saMvaro nirjarA tataH / mokSaccaitAni saptaiva tattvAnyUcurmanISiNaH / / - jJAnArNava, 6/8 - sthAnAMgasUtra, 6 / 665 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28 / 24

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yoga aura AcAra 141 Asrava yA bandha meM ho jAtA hai| jIva va ajIva ina donoM ke saMyoga-viyoga se Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA evaM mokSa kI siddhi hotI hai| jainadarzana kI mAnyatA hai ki ina mUlabhUta tattvoM ke zraddhAna ke binA mukti sambhava nhiiN| isa prasaMga meM yaha dhyAtavya hai ki bhAratIya darzana kI sAMkhya, vedAnta, nyAya aura vaizeSika zAkhAoM meM zreya ko AdhAra banAkara dArzanika mImAMsA kI gaI hai| ina vicArakoM ke anusAra mUla tattvoM kI saMkhyA meM antara hai aura isakA mukhya kAraNa hai- paraspara dRSTi kA bhed| sAMkhya ke anusAra kevala do tattva haiMtriguNAtmaka prakRti aura puruSa / yogadarzana meM mukhyataH heya aura upAdeya dRSTi se tattvoM ke do vibhAga kie gae haiN| jisa prakAra jainadarzana meM baMdha, Asrava, mokSa aura nirjarA, ina cAra tattvoM kI carcA kI gaI hai, usIprakAra yogadarzana meM bhI heya, heyaheta, hAna va hAnopAya rUpa catarvyaha' kA vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| jainadarzana meM dravyoM kA vibhAjana eka dUsare prakAra se bhI kiyA gayA hai| jaina matAnusAra jIva dravya arUpI hai| ajIva dravya ke do bheda haiM - rUpI aura aruupii| rUpI arthAt rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza guNa se yukta dravya / rUpI dravya ko 'pudgala' kahA gayA hai| arUpI dravya ke punaH cAra bheda haiM - dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, aura kAla / isaprakAra dravya ke kula chaH bheda ho jAte haiM - jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla, jinheM SaDdravya kahA jAtA hai| uparyukta SaDdravyoM meM se prathama pAMca dravya asaMkhyAta pradezI hone ke kAraNa astikAya haiN| aura chaThA kAla dravya ekapradezI hone ke kAraNa anastikAya hai| 'astikAya' kA artha hai - pradeza bahutva arthAt bhudeshvyaapii| anastikAya kA artha hai - ekdeshvyaapii| jainadarzana meM kAla eka aisA dravya hai jo ekadezavyApI hai, isalie use 'anastikAya' nAma diyA gayA hai| mokSa-mArga meM upayogitA kI dRSTi se jJeya rUpa meM Sar3adravyoM kI apekSA sAta yA nau tattvoM kA adhika mahatva mAnA gayA hai, isalie yahA~ inakA saMkSipta vivecana prastuta hai| 1. jIya jIva athavA AtmA eka atyanta parokSa padArtha hai, jise saMsAra ke sabhI dArzanikoM ne tarka dvArA siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| svarga, naraka, mukti Adi ati parokSa padArthoM kA mAnanA bhI AtmA ke astitva para hI AdhArita hai| vaidika darzanoM meM AtmA aura jIva kA bheda karate hue jIva tattva ko kama mahatva diyA gayA hai| unake matAnusAra mokSAvasthA meM AtmA jIva-bhAva se mukta ho jAtA hai| kintu jainadarzana meM AtmA aura jIva meM koI bheda nahIM kiyA gayA / jainadarzana meM AtmA ke lie aneka nAma prayukta haiM jinameM se jIva bhI eka hai|10 1. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 6 se 6 2. yathA cikitsAzAstram caturmyaham - rogo, rogaheturArogyaM bhaiSajyam iti / eSam idamapi zAstraM caturdUhameva, tadyathA-saMsAraH, saMsArahetuH, mokSo mokSopAyaH iti| - vyAsabhASya, pR0 218 3. bhagavatIsUtra, 2/10/117, sthAnAMgasUtra, 5/441 tattvArthasUtra, 5/5 sarvArthasiddhi.5/4/533 gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 588; uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/7 tattvArthasUtra, 5/1-3 sarvArthasiddhi.5/1/527 / dravyasaMgraha, 24 sthAnAMgasUtra, 10 (ka) jIvaH prANI ca jantuzca kSetrajJaH purussstthaa| pumAnAtmAntarAtmA ca jJo jJAnItyasya paryayAH / / - AdipurANa, 24/103 (kha) SoDazaka, yazovijayavRtti, 1/11 fy fyh

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142 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jIva sAmAnya kA lakSaNa upayoga hai|' upayoga kA artha hotA hai - caitnyprinnti| jIva kA sAdhAraNa guNa caitanya hai jisase vaha samasta jar3a dravyoM se apanA pRthak astitva rakhatA hai| jainadarzana meM jIva kA svarUpa batAte hue use upayogamaya, amUrta, kartA, svadeha parimANa, bhoktA, saMsArI, siddha tathA svabhAva se Urdhvagamana karane vAlA batAyA gayA hai| vahA~ pratyeka jIva ko svabhAvataH anantajJAna, anantadarzana aura anantasAmarthya Adi guNoM se sampanna mAnA gayA hai| jainAcAryoM ke matAnasAra jaise ratna kI kAnti. nirmalatA aura zakti ratna se alaga nahIM hai, vaise hI jJAna, darzana aura cAritra rUpa lakSaNa AtmA se bhinna nahIM hai| parantu karmoM se Abaddha hone arthAt AcchAdita hone ke kAraNa jIva meM ina guNoM kA AvirbhAva nahIM ho paataa| apane dvArA kie gae zubha-azubha karmoM ke prabhAva se jIva ke svAbhAvika guNa AcchAdita rahate haiN| zubha kAryoM ke anuSThAna se jaba karmAvaraNa haTa jAte haiM taba jIva ko apane yathArtha svarUpa kA bhAna hotA hai| jIva sAmAnyataH do prakAra ke hote haiM baddha (saMsArI) aura mukt| muktajIvoM-siddhoM kA pAramArthika dRSTi se koI prakAra nahIM hotaa| vyavahArika dRSTi se siddhoM-muktoM ke 15 bheda varNita kie gae haiN| saMsArIjIva sthAvara aura jaMgama-bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai| jaMgamajIva ko jainadarzana meM 'rasa' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| indriyoM kI saMkhyA ke bheda se trasajIva ke cAra prakAra hote haiM - paMcendriya, caturindriya, trIndriya aura dviindriy| saMsArIjIva nAraka, manuSya, tiryaJca aura deva-bheda se bhI cAra prakAra kA mAnA jAtA hai| sabase nikRSTa yoni sthAvarajIvoM kI hotI hai, kyoMki inameM kevala sparzanendriya hI hotI hai| 2. ajIva yadyapi jIva aura ajIva donoM dravya saha astitva vAle haiM tathApi inameM jIva jahA~ jJAna rUpa hai vahA~ ajIva ajnyaanruup| isI prakAra jIva bhoktA hai to ajIva bhogya; jIva jJAtA hai to ajIva jJeya; jIva cetana hai to ajIva acetn|1 caitanya rahita sabhI jar3a padArtha ajIva kahe jAte haiN| ajIva dravya pAMca prakAra kA hai - dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudagala aura kaal|12 bhagavAna ne loka ko paMcAstikAya rUpa mAnA hai|13 OM 1. bhagavatIsUtra, 2/10; uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/10; tattvArthasUtra, 3/8; pravacanasAra, 2/83; AvazyakasUtra, haribhadravRtti 1057, pR0 414; tattvArthAdhigamabhASya, haribhadravRtti 1/4 dhavalApustaka 15, pR0 33; sarvArthasiddhi, 1/4, tattvArtharAjavArttika, 1/4/7, SaDdarzanasamuccaya, 43, 44, pR0 138. jIvo uvaogamao amuttikattA sdehprimaanno| bhottA saMsArattho siddho so vissasoDr3hagaI / / - dravyasaMgraha, 2 eka eva hi tatrAtmA svabhAve samavasthitaH / jJAna-darzana-cAritralakSaNaH pratipAditaH / / - adhyAtmasAra, 6/18/6 prabhAnairmalyazaktInAM yathA ratnAnna bhinntaa| jJAnadarzanacAritralakSaNAnAM tathAtmanaH / / - vahI, 6/18/7 Sor3azaka, 1/11 tattvArthasUtra.2/10 sthAnAMgasUtra, 1/214-22; nandIsUtra, 21 tattvArthasUtra, 1/12 vahI. 1/14 11. tdvipryylkssnno'jiivH| - sarvArthasiddhi, 1/4/18 12. tattvArthasUtra, 5/1 13. bhagavatIsUtra, 13/4/481

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yoga aura AcAra (ka) dharma jIva aura pudgala kI gati ( gamana kriyA) meM jo sahAyaka kAraNa (mAdhyama ) hai use dharma kahate haiM / " dharma amUrta hai, niSkriya hai aura nitya hai / dharma eka akhaMDa dravya hai, jo sAre loka meM vyApta hai / (kha) adharma jisaprakAra jIva aura pudgala kI gati meM dharma sahAyaka kAraNa hai usIprakAra jIva aura pudgala kI sthiti meM adharma kAraNa hai| dharma ke samAna adharma bhI amUrta, niSkriya aura nitya hai / yaha bhI akhaNDa dravya hai aura sarvalokavyApI hai| (ga) AkAza jo dravya jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura kAla ko sthAna ( Azraya) detA hai, vaha AkAza hai| AkAza nitya aura vyApaka, anantapradeza vAlA aura amUrta hai| jaina paramparA meM AkAza ke do vibhAga kie gae haiM- lokAkAza aura alokaakaash| jahA~ dharma-adharmAdi dravyoM kI sthiti hai vaha loka hai| isake viparIta jahA~ kevala AkAza kI hI sthiti hai, anya dravyoM kA pUrNataH abhAva hai, vaha aloka hai| jaise jala ke AzrayasthAna ko jalAzaya kahA jAtA hai usIprakAra loka ke AkAza ko lokAkAza aura aloka ke AkAza ko alokAkAza kahate haiN| jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura kAla lokAkAza meM hI avakAza grahaNa karate haiN| alokAkAza meM jIvAdi kisI kI sattA nahIM hotI, kevala AkAza hI hotA hai| jaina - mAnyatA ke anusAra AkAza jIvAdi anya dravyoM kA Azraya sthAna hai parantu svayaM svapratiSThita hai| AkAza kA koI AdhAra nahIM hai| (gha) kAla jIvAdi dravyoM ke pariNamana meM nimitta kAraNa ko 'kAla' kahA jAtA hai| kAla adRzya hai, ataH anumAna ke dvArA hI isake astitva kA jJAna hotA hai| kAla ananta hai, akhaNDa hai, sarvatra vyApta hai, kAla ke ekadezIya hone se usakA vistAra nahIM hotA, ataH vaha astikAya nahIM hai, kintu astikAya na hone para bhI yaha eka satpadArtha hai, kyoMki anya padArthoM kI vartanA aura pariNAma meM yaha parokSataH sahAyaka hotA hai|7 jaina- paramparA meM kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnane ke saMbaMdha meM AcAryoM meM vaimatya dRSTigocara hotA | kucha AcArya use svatantra dravya mAnate haiM aura kucha ise svatantra dravya na mAnakara jIvAjIvAdi dravyoM kI paryAyoM kA pravAha rUpa mAnate haiN| 143 (Ga) pudgala jainadarzana meM lokasaMsthAna ke Sar3adravyoM meM 'pudgala' ko eka svatantra dravya mAnA gayA hai| 'pudgala' jaina 1. 2. 3. 4. tattvArtharAjavArttika 5/1/16: tattvArthasAra, 7/33,34 tattvArtha sUtra 5 / 4 tattvArthasAra, 7/35 niyamasAra, 30 sarvArthasiddhi 5/8/541 tattvArthasUtra 5/18 jainadharmadarzana, pR0 213 vartanA pariNAmaH kriyA paratvAparatve ca kAlasya / tattvArthasUtra, 5/22 8. bhagavatIsUtra. 25/4/734 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 27 / 7 -8: tattvArthasUtra, 5/58 (zvetAmbara pATha) 6. sarvArthasiddhi 5/38-36: tattvArtharAjavArtika, 5/36-40 pR0 501-502 : tattvArthazlokavArtika, 5/38-36 5. 6. 19

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana paramparA kA pAribhASika zabda hai / isa zabda kA isa artha meM vyavahAra anya kisI darzana meM nahIM milatA / vyutpatti ke AdhAra para jinakA saMyoga aura pArthakya ho sake, unheM pudgala' kahate haiN| jainagranthoM meM pUraNa aura galana svabhAva ke kAraNa hI padArtha ko 'pudgala' batAyA gayA hai| pudgala ke vizeSa guNa yA dharma cAra haiM sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa pudgala samasta bhautika jagata kA AdhAra hai| mUlataH pudgala dravya paramANu rUpa hai| isake do bheda haiM- aNu aura skndh| pudgala kA vaha antima bhAga jisakA punaH vibhAga na kiyA jA sake, aNu kahalAtA hai| jinameM sthUla rUpa se pakar3anA, rakhanA Adi vyApAra kA skandhana arthAt saMghaTanA hotI hai, ve skandha kahalAte haiM / pudgala ko anya dravyoM se pRthak svatantra mAnA gayA hai kyoMki pudgala ke pradeza apane skandha se alaga ho sakate haiM, parantu jIvAjIvAdi anya dravya avibhAgI haiN|" 144 3. puNya jainadarzana meM svIkRta nava tattvoM meM 'puNya' ko tRtIya sthAna diyA gayA hai| jo AtmA ko pavitra banAtA hai usa zubhakarma ko 'puNya' kahate haiN| A0 hemacandra ne karmoM ke lAghava ko bhI 'puNya' mAnA hai| 4. pApa 1 1 puNya kA pratipakSI tattva pApa hai jo AtmA kA patana kare, usa azubhakarma ko pApa kahate haiN|" sarvArthasiddhi ke anusAra jo AtmA ko zubha se bacAtA hai, vaha pApa hai jaise asAtAvedanIya Adi / ' puNya | aura pApa donoM kA sambandha karmapudgaloM se hai aura donoM hI karmabandha ke kAraNa haiN| saMsAra dazA meM ye jIva ke sAtha baMdha ko prApta hote haiM, isalie unakA antarbhAva Asrava tattva meM ho jAtA hai| 5. Asrava 'Asrava' jainaparamparA kA pAribhASika zabda hai, jo AtmA ke sAtha karmoM kA saMbaMdha karAne vAle hetuoM ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai| kahA gayA hai ki jina hetuoM se karma AtmA meM praviSTa hote haiM, ve 'Asava' haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra jIva zarIra, vANI aura mana - ina tIna sAdhanoM se kriyAoM meM pravRtta hotA hai / zarIra vANI aura mana ke sAmAnya vyApAra ko jaina paribhASA meM 'yoga' kahA gayA hai| vahI Asrava hai" kyoMki inhIM tInoM ke yoga dvArA Atmapradeza meM spandana hone se AtmA meM eka vizeSa avasthA utpanna hotI hai|" yaha Asrava zubha aura azubha bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai zubhayoga se mukhyatayA puNya prakRti kA tathA azubhayoga se pApa-prakRti kA Asrava hotA hai / 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. / pUraNagalanAnvarthasaMjJatvAt pudgalAH tattvArtharAjadArtika 5/1/24. pU. 434 tattvArthasUtra, 1/23 vahI, 1/25 tatvArtharAjavArtika, 5/8/10 pR0 450 pravacanasAra, 2/66: SaDdarzanasamuccaya 46 adhyAtmasAra, 5/18/60 yogazAstra. 4/107 tattvArthasUtra, 6 / 3 pravacanasAra, 2 / 86, adhyAtmasAra, 5/18/60 sarvArthasiddhi 6/3/516 sarvArthasiddhi 6/2/61: zrAvakaprajJapti 76 para svo0 0 8. 6. 10. kAyavAGmanaH karmayogaH / - tattvArthasUtra, 6/1 11. sa AsravaH / - tattvArthasUtra, 6/2 12. sarvArthasiddhi 6/1/610: zrAvakaprajJapti, 76: jJAnArNava, 2/176 13. tattvArthasUtra, 6/3 sarvArthasiddhi 6/3/614 zrAvakaprajJapti 76

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yoga aura AcAra 145 6. bandha cetana ke sAtha acetana karma-paramANuoM ke sambandha ko 'bandha' kahate haiN|' jaba jIva Asrava ke samparka meM AtA hai to usakA apanA yathArtha svarUpa AcchAdita ho jAtA hai aura vaha bandhana meM par3a jAtA hai, isalie kahA gayA hai ki kaSAyasahita hone se jIva dvArA karma-yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karanA 'bandha' hai| __ jainadRSTi se bandha cAra prakAra kA hotA hai - sthitibaMdha, prakRtibaMdha, anubhAgabaMdha, aura prdeshbNdh| prakRti va pradezabandha kA AdhAra kAyAdi vyApAra rUpa yoga hai, jabaki anubhAga va sthiti-baMdha kA AdhAra kaSAya hai| karma-bandha ke mukhya hetu rAga-dveSa haiN| bandha ke pAMca hetu haiM - mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yog| ukta bandha-hetu pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM paMca klezoM ke rUpa meM varNita haiN| jainadarzana meM ullikhita mithyAtva pAtaJjalayoga meM avidyA ke rUpa meM varNita hai| jaina-paramparA meM varNita avirati pAtaJjalayoga ke rAga-dveSa ke samakakSa hai| pramAda jo ki asAvadhAnI kA hI paryAya hai, yogasUtra meM citta ko vikSipta karane vAle vighnoM meM parigaNita hai| 7. saMvara ___ saMvara kA artha hai - "nirodha' / jaina matAnusAra Asrava kA nirodha saMvara' hai| dUsare zabdoM meM AtmA ke prati Ane vAle karmoM kA ruka jAnA hI 'saMvara' hai| mokSa-prApti ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki jIva kA karma-pudgaloM se saMbaMdha na hone paaye| isalie jIva ke karma-pudgala se saMbaMdha sthApita na hone aura usake kAraNoM ke nirodha ko 'saMvara' kahA gayA hai| vastataH Asrava tathA baMdha kA nirodha hI 'saMvara' hai| phalaprApti kI abhilASA ke binA kie gae sabhI satkarma saMvara rUpa hote haiN| yaha saMvara gupti, samiti, dharma, anuprekSA, parISahajaya aura cAritra nAmaka upAyoM se siddha hotA hai|" inakA vistRta vivecana samyakcAritra ke nirUpaNa ke saMdarbha meM kiyA jaayegaa| 8. nirjarA nirjarA, kSaya aura vedanA athavA nirjaraNa, kSapaNa aura nAza ye tInoM samAnArthaka zabda haiN| anAdikAla se saMcita zubha tathA azubhakarmoM kA AtmA se ekadeza (aMzataH) pRthak honA 'nirjarA' hai| A0 zubhacandra evaM A0 hemacandra prabhRti AcAryoM ke anusAra saMsAra ke janma-maraNa ke hetubhUta karmoM ko AtmA se aMzataH alaga karanA nirjarA' hai| isase spaSTa hai ki nirjarA meM karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya nahIM hotaa| samiti, anuprekSA, gupti, parISaha tathA cAritra meM nirdiSTa upAyoM aura nirodhoM ke AcaraNa se jIva kA sambandha karmapudgaloM se nahIM ho pAtA tathA mokSa-mArga bahuta kucha niSkaMTaka ho jAtA hai| kintu ina nirodhoM ke pAlana se una karma-pudgaloM * * 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 14/14 2. tattvArthasUtra.8/2. 3: zrAvakaprajJapti, 80 tattvArthasUtra, 8/3; zrAvakaprajJapti, 80, jJAnArNava, 6/45 zrAvakaprajJapti, gA080 svo0 vRtti tattvArthasUtra, 8/1, jJAnArNava, 6/4; yogazAstra, 4/75 tattvArthasUtra, 6/1: jJAnArNaya, 2/128 7. tattyArthasUtra.4/1; zrAvakaprajJapti, 81 / tattvArthAdhigamabhASya, 8/24: zrAvakaprajJapti, 82 sarvArthasiddhi. 1/4/18, tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti, 14 jJAnArNava. 2/140; yogazAstra, 1/16 svo0 vRtti ; yogazAstra, 4/86, sthAnAMgasUtra, abhayadevavRtti, 4/1/250 pR0 130; kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 103

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146 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kA kSaya yA vinAza nahIM ho pAtA, jo ina nirodhoM kA AcaraNa karane se pUrva hI jIva meM praviSTa ho gae haiN| yaha sthiti mokSa meM bAdhaka hai| ataH mokSa-prApti ke lie ina karma-pudgaloM kA nAza Avazyaka hai| vinAza kI yaha prakriyA jaina paribhASA meM 'nirjarA' ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| sake lie tapa, saMyama Adi kI AvazyakatA hai| ___'nirjarA' mokSa-prApti kA sAkSAt kAraNa hai, kyoMki nirjarA kI kriyA jaba utkRSTatA ko prApta kara letI hai, taba Atma-pradezoM se saMbaMdhita sarvakarmoM kA kSaya ho jAtA haiM, aura AtmA apane zuddha svarUpa ko prApta kara letA hai| 6. mokSa 'mokSa' bandha kA pratipakSI hai| isalie bandha ke kAraNoM kA abhAva hokara sampUrNa karmoM kA kSaya ho jAnA hI 'mokSa' hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaba taka jIva ke sAtha karma kA sambandha rahatA hai taba taka usakA svAbhAvika svarUpa prakaTa nahIM ho pAtA, vaha samasta jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM ke AtmA se pRthaka ho jAne para hI prAdurbhUta hotA hai| sampUrNa karmoM kA kSaya tabhI ho sakatA hai, jaba navIna karmoM kA bandha sarvathA roka diyA jAe aura pUrvabaddha karmoM kI pUrI taraha nirjarA kara dI jaae| jaba taka navIna karma Ate raheMge, taba taka karma kA Atyantika kSaya sambhava nahIM ho sktaa| navIna karmoM kA AnA saMvara dvArA avaruddha hotA hai aura pUrvabaddha karmoM kA nirjarA dvArA kSaya hotA hai / isaprakAra jaba AtmA pUrNa rUpa se karmabandhana se mukta ho jAtA hai taba vaha apane zuddha svarUpa meM A jAtA hai, vahI avasthA mokSa yA mukti kahalAtI hai| yaha mokSa rUpa jIva kI avasthA sAdi hokara anantakAla taka rahane vAlI hai tathA bAdhaka karmoM ke haTa jAne se vaha nirAkula, nirbAdha sukha se sampanna hai| ga. samyakcAritra jisaprakAra kisI rogI kI parIkSA aura nidAna karane ke anantara cikitsaka auSadhi kI vyavasthA karatA hai kintu auSadhi kI vyavasthA ke pazcAt bhI yadi rogI auSadhi kA prayoga na kare to usake niroga hone kI koI sambhAvanA ho hI nahIM sktii| usI prakAra samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna ke bAda yadi usakA jIvana meM upayoga na kiyA jAe to ve donoM bhI pUrNataH nirarthaka ho jaaeNge| isalie samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna ke anantara samyakcAritra kA nibaMdhana jainadarzana aura jaina-sAdhanA-paddhati meM kiyA gayA hai| isa prasaMga meM yadi yaha kahA jAe ki samyakcAritra hI jaina sAdhanA kA mukhya abhISTa hai aura samyagdarzana va samyagjJAna usakI kevala pUrvapIThikA haiM to anucita na hogaa| artha : samyakcAritra kA artha hai - cittagata malinatAoM ko naSTa krnaa| yahA~ malinatA se tAtparya rAgadveSAdi karmamala haiN| unako dUra karane ke anantara hI AtmA meM pUrNa nirmalatA A sakatI hai, jisake lie samyakcAritra kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| maharSi pataJjali ne bhI nirodhavya kliSTa vRttiyoM meM avidyA aura asmitA ke sAtha rAga-dveSa aura abhiniveza kA nibandhana kiyA hai tathA klezoM kI nivRtti ke lie unhoMne tapasA nirjarA c| - tattvArthasUtra 6/3 2. tattvArthasUtra, 10/2, 3: jJAnArNava, 3/6 zrAvakaprajJapti, 83 tattvArthazlokavArtika, 86: uttarAdhyayanasa, 25/26, 30 jJAnasAra, 6/2.3, 24, 10/1, 11/8..: adhyAtmopaniSada, 3/13. 14 ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 3/1/47 6. avidyA'smitArAgadveSAbhinivezAH paMcaklezAH / -- pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/3

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yoga aura AcAra 147 abhyAsa aura vairAgya rUpa sAdhanA kA patha pradarzita kiyA hai| jisane sukha kA anubhava prApta kiyA hai usako sukha kI anusmRtipUrvaka sukha aura unake sAdhana meM jo gardA arthAt tRSNA aura lobha hotA hai use rAga kahate haiN| isake viparIta jisane duHkha kA anubhava prApta kiyA hai usako duHkha kI anusmRtipUrvaka duHkha aura unake sAdhana meM jo pratigha arthAt dveSabhAvanA yA krodha aura usako mArane kI icchA hotI hai, use dveSa kahate haiN| jaisA Upara kahA gayA hai ki samyakcAritra kA artha cittagata malinatAoM ko dUra karanA hai kintu jaina AcAryoM ne ise aneka prakAra se paribhASita kiyA hai| unake anusAra sAMsArika bandhana ko utpanna karane vAlI kriyAoM kA nirodha karate hue zuddha AtmasvarUpa kA lAbha karane ke lie samyagjJAnapUrvaka jo kriyAe~ kI jAtI haiM unheM 'samyakcAritra' kahate haiN| isake lie sAdhaka ko aisI kriyAoM kA pAlana karanA cAhie jisase AtmA meM samatva kI sthApanA ho ske| AcArya kundakunda ne samyakcAritra ko dharma kI saMjJA dete hae kahA hai ki moha evaM kSobha se rahita AtmA kI zaddhAvasthA ko prApta karanA samatva hai aura AtmA kA yaha samatvadharma hI cAritra hai| anyatra unhoMne indriyoM ke iSTa-aniSTa bhAvoM meM samatAbhAva rakhane ko samyakcAritra kahA hai| isa kathana meM eka prakAra se pUrvokta kathana kA vizadIkaraNa hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaina-paramparA meM samyakcAritra ke lie AcAra-vicAra kA vizeSa mahattva hai| yahA~ yaha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki AcAra-vicAra ke samyaka pAlana se hI cAritra kA utkarSa ho sakatA hai| A0 zubhacandra aura A0 hemacandra uparyukta kathana ko hI prakArAntara se kahane kA prayatna karate haiN| yadyapi A0 hemacandra ne uttarottara guNoM kI apekSA se pAMca samitiyoM evaM tIna guptiyoM se pavitra sAdhuoM kI zubhavRtti ko bhI 'samyakcAritra' ke nAma se abhihita kiyA hai| A0 haribhadrasUri ne uttarottara cittazuddhi ke uddezya se dhyAnAdi kriyAoM ke abhyAsa ko cAritra mAnA hai| maharSi pataJjali ne aSTAMgayoga meM yama aura niyama kI vyavasthA dvArA rAga-dveSa Adi citta ke kAluSya ko dUra karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| unake anusAra hiMsA kI utpatti kAma, krodha, aura lobha ke dvArA hI hotI hai, unake binA nahIM tathA kAma, krodha aura lobha rAga-dveSa ke hI vikAra haiN| ataH yoga kA sAdhaka ahiMsAdi kA pAlana karate hae sarvaprathama ina citta-vikAroM ko dUra karane kA abhyAsa karatA hai| isake atirikta niyamoM meM zauca-sAdhanA ke dvArA rAga-dveSAdi mAnasika maloM kI nivRtti ke lie pataJjali ne spaSTa 1. abhyAsavairAgyAbhyAm tannirodhaH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/12 2. sukhAbhijJaraya sukhAnusmRtipUrvaH sukhe tatsAdhane vA yo gardhastRSNA lobhaH sa rAgaH iti| -- vyAsabhASya, pR0 164 duHkhAbhijJasya duHkhAnusmRtipUrvo duHkhe tatsAdhane vA yaH pratidho manyurjighAMsA krodhaH sa dvessH| - vyAsabhASya, pR0 184 4. tattvArthAdhigamabhASya, pR0411 5. pravacanasAra, 1/7 paMcAstikAya, 107: mokSaprAbhRta, 38 jaina AcAra : sAdhanA aura siddhAnta, prastAvanA, pR0 16 8. jJAnArNava, ./1 6. sarvasAvadyayogAnAM tyaagshcaaritrmissyte| - yogazAstra, 1/16. 10. vahI, 1/34 11. yogabindu, 371 12. vitarkA hiMsAdayaH kRtakAritAnumoditA lobhakrodhamohapUrvakA mRdumadhyAdhimAtrA duHkhAjJAnAnantaphalA iti pratipakSabhAvanam / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/34

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148 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana nirdeza kiyA hai| yogasUtra ke TIkAkAra bhAvAgaNeza, nAgojIbhaTTa Adi isake spaSTa pramANa haiN| pataJjali svayaM bhI zaucasAdhanA ke phala kI carcA karate hue sattvazuddhi, saumanasya, ekAgratA aura indriyajaya kI carcA karate haiN| isase spaSTa patA calatA hai ki pataJjali ne uparyukta cittamaloM kI nivRtti ke lie yama-niyamoM kI sAdhanA para sarvAdhika bala diyA hai aura unheM aSTAMgayoga meM sarvaprathama sthAna diyA hai| cAritra ke bheda : jaina AcAragranthoM meM cAritra para vividha dRSTiyoM se vicAra karate hue usakA nimnalikhita prakAra se vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai - (ka) nizcaya aura vyavahAra-cAritra' : rAgAdi vikalpoM se rahita zuddha AtmasvarUpa meM AcaraNa karanA hai jabaki aNuvrata, mahAvrata, samiti, gupti, dharma aura tapa meM pravRtti vyavahAracAritra hai| dUsare zabdoM meM azubha kAryoM se nivRtti aura zubha kAryoM meM pravRtti 'vyvhaarcaaritrhai| (kha) sarAga aura vItarAga-cAritra' : vyavahAracAritra ko hI 'sarAgacAritra' aura nizcayacAritra ko 'vItarAgacAritra' kahA jAtA hai| (ga) sakala aura vikala-cAritra : sAdhu evaM gRhastha kI apekSA se cAritra ke sakala aura vikala do bheda kiye gaye haiN| sAdhu mokSa-prApti hetu nirdiSTa vratoM ko sUkSma rIti se arthAt sarvAMzataH pAlana karatA hai jabaki gRhastha sAmAjika evaM pArivArika kAryoM ko karate hue unhIM vratoM kA aMzataH pAlana karatA hai| isIlie sAdhu evaM gRhastha donoM ke lie pRthaka-pRthaka AcAroM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| ina donoM prakAra ke cAritra ko kramazaH sAdhudharma, sAdhvAcAra, zramaNAcAra tathA gRhasthadharma, gRhasthAcAra, zrAvakAcAra bhI kahA jAtA hai| (gha) sAmAyikAdi paMcavidha cAritra : cAritra ke vikAsakrama ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue pAMca prakAra ke cAritra kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai - 1. sAmAyika, 2. chedopasthApanA, 3. parihAravizuddhi, 4. sUkSmasaMparAya tathA 5. yathAkhyAta 1. sAmAyika-cAritra . samabhAva meM rahane ke lie saMpUrNa azuddha pravRttiyoM kA tyAga karanA 'sAmAyika-cAritra' hai| vyavahArika dRSTi se hiMsAdi bAhya pApoM se nivRtti bhI 'sAmAyika-cAritra' hai| jo thor3e samaya ke lie kiyA jAtA hai, vaha 'itvarakAlika', aura jo sampUrNa jIvana ke lie kiyA jAtA hai vaha 'yAvatkAlika sAmAyika-cAritra' kahalAtA hai| 2. chedopasthApanA-cAritra cheda kA artha hai - bhedana karanA yA chodd'naa| upasthApanA kA artha hai - punaH grahaNa karanA / prathama dIkSAM 1. cittamalakSAlanarUpAcchaucAtsattvazuddhiH sattvodrekaH tataH saumanasyaM svAbhAvikI priitiH| tataH prItacittasyAvikSepAdaikaNyam / -bhAvAgaNezavRtti pR0 102 2. tataH indriyjysttshcaatmsaakssaatkaaryogytaa| - nAgojIbhaTTavRtti pR0 102 sattvazuddhisaumanasyaikAgrayendriyajayAtmadarzanayogyatvAni ca / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/41 bRhadravyasaMgraha, 45, 46 evaM brahmadevavRtti; pravacanasAra, 1/6 para tattvadIpikATIkA bRhadravyasaMgraha. 45, 46 evaM brahmadevavRttiH pravacanasAra 1/6 para tattvadIpikATIkA puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 16-17. 40-41: ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 50 7. tattvArthasUtra, 6/18 jJAnArNava, 8/2; prazamaratiprakaraNa, 228 para haribhadraTIkA us

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yoga aura AdhAra 149 grahaNa karane ke pazcAt viziSTa zruta kA abhyAsa kara cukane para vizeSa zuddhi ke nimitta ahiMsAdi vratoM kA jIvana paryanta pAlana karane hetu jo punaH dIkSA grahaNa kI jAtI hai, use chedopasthApanA-cAritra' kahate haiN| isameM sAdhaka pUrvagRhIta vratoM kA chedana karake punaH upasthApanA karatA hai, isalie ise ukta nAma diyA gayA hai| 3. parihAravizuddhi-cAritra ___ AtmA kI viziSTa zuddhi hetu jisa vizeSa prakAra ke tapa kA AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai use 'parihAravizuddhi-cAritra' kahate haiN| 4. sUkSmasaMparAya-cAritra jisameM krodhAdi kaSAya kSINa ho jAte haiM, kevala lobha kA aMza atisUkSma rUpa meM avaziSTa rahatA hai, vaha 'sUkSmasaMparAya-cAritra' hai| 5. yathAkhyAta-cAritra jisase sUkSmakaSAya bhI zAnta ho jAte haiM, vaha nirmala evaM vizuddha cAritra 'yathAkhyAta-cAritra' kahalAtA hai| isa cAritra kA sAdhaka jinopadiSTa cAritra kA usI rUpa meM pAlana karatA hai, isalie ise 'yathAkhyAta-cAritra' kahate haiN| yaha pUrNa vItarAgatA kI avasthA hai isalie ise 'vItarAga-cAritra' yA 'nizcaya-cAritra' bhI kahA jAtA hai| pataJjali ke yogasUtra meM isaprakAra ke vibhAjana kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM samajhI gaI hai| isakA kAraNa sambhavataH yoga-sAdhanA ke kSetra meM pravRtta sAdhakoM dvArA smRtiyoM meM varNita AcAra-niyamoM kA anivAryataH pAlana karane kA abhyAsa rahA hai| jaina-paramparA meM adhikArI-bheda se AcAra kA vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| kucha AcAra viSayaka niyama zrAvakoM ke lie anivArya mAne gae haiM aura kucha muniyoM ke lie| jaina-sAdhanA-paddhati meM muniyoM ke lie atyanta kaThora AcAra vyavasthA kA vidhAna hai, jabaki zrAvakoM ke lie unakI apekSA sarala AcAra viSayaka niyama nirdhArita haiN| mUlataH ina AcAra-niyamoM ke nirdhAraNa kA uddezya zrAvaka ko eka sAmAnya vyakti se Upara uThAkara adhyAtma-patha kA pathika banAnA hI hai| vyatpatti ke AdhAra para 'zrAvaka' zabda meM tIna pada haiM - zrA, va aura kA zrA' pada se tattvArtha zraddhAna 'va' pada se dharma kSetra meM dhana rUpa bIja bone kI bhAvanA tathA 'ka' pada se kliSTakarma arthAt mahApApoM se dUra rahane kA saMkalpa, artha svIkRta hai|' maharSi pataJjali ke yogasUtra meM isa prakAra kA koI vibhAjana nirdiSTa na hone ke kAraNa zrAvakAcAra aura zramaNAcAra kA saMkSepa meM varNana kiyA jA rahA hai| zrAvakAcAra A0 haribhadrasUri ne zrAvakAcAra kA vivecana karate hue 'zrAvaka' arthAt gRhastha ko do vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai 'sAmAnya gRhastha' arthAt 'avirata samyagdRSTi' tathA vizeSa gRhastha' arthAt 'dezavirata smygdRsstti| sAmAnya gRhasthadharma kA pAlana karane ke anantara sAdhaka vizeSa gRhasthadharma ke pAlana kA adhikArI banatA hai aura tabhI vaha pUrNa zrAvaka bana pAtA hai| sAmAnya gRhasthadharma ke 35 mArgAnusArI guNa haiM jinakA varNana 1 anti-pacanti tattyArthazraddhAnaM niSThAM nayantIti zrAH, tathA vapanti guNavat saptakSetreSu dhanabIjAni nikSipantIti vAH, tathA kiranti kliSTa-karmarajo vikSipantIti kAH, tataH karmadhAraye 'zrAvakA' iti bhvti| - abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, bhAga 7. pR0776 2. dharmavindu, 1/2

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150 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana pUrva adhyAya meM kiyA jA cukA hai| vizeSa gRhasthadharma meM bAraha vratoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| ina vratoM meM pAMca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvrata haiN| yadyapi zrAvaka ina vratoM ke pAlana meM pUrNataH sajaga rahatA hai, tathApi kabhI-kabhI pramAdavaza yA ajJAnavaza usase kucha aise kArya ho jAte haiM jinase zrAvaka ko doSa lagane kI saMbhAvanA hotI hai| una donoM ko jaina-paramparA meM aticAra kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| 'aticAra' kA artha hai - vrata meM Ane vAlA mAlinya yA vikAra | jaina-paramparA meM pratyeka vrata ke pAMca-pAMca aticAra batAe gae haiN| aticArayukta vratoM kA pAlana puNyakAraka nahIM hotaa| ataH zrAvaka ko vratoM ke aticAroM se yathAsaMbhava bacane kA prayAsa karanA caahie| vratadhArI sAdhaka ko cAhie ki kisI bhI prayojana ke binA ina doSoM kA kadApi sevana na kre| parantu ghara-gRhasthI kA kartavya nibhAne ke lie vizeSa prayojanavaza yadi aticAroM kA sevana karanA par3e to bhI komalabhAva se hI kAma lenA caahie| (ka) aNuvrata vrata kA artha hai - hiMsA Adi (karane, karavAne aura anumodana karane) se virati / aNuvrata se tAtparya hai - ahiMsAdi vratoM kA sthUlataH athavA AMzika, yathAzakti pAlana yA hiMsAdi pApoM se AMzika virti| zrAvaka hiMsAdi kA pUrNarUpa se parityAga na karake maryAdita rUpa se ahiMsAdi vratoM kA pAlana karatA hai, kyoMki ArambhAdi gRhakAryoM ko karate hue gRhastha ke lie unakA pUrNa rUpa se tyAga zakya nahIM hai, isalie sarvavirati rUpa mahAvratoM kI apekSA se ahiMsAdi vratoM meM 'aNu' vizeSaNa jor3akara unheM aNuvrata kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| mUla Agamagrantha upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM yAvajjIvana ke lie do karaNa evaM tIna yoga (mana, vacana, kAya) se sthUla hiMsAdi ke tyAga ko 'aNuvrata' kahA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtra, meM hiMsAdi pApoM ke ekadezatyAga ko 'aNuvrata' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| A0 somadevasUri ne hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla va parigraha ke ekadezatyAga ko 'aNuvrata' kahA hai| A0 hemacandra tathA paM0 AzAdhara ne sthUla hiMsAdi doSoM ke tyAga ko aNuvrata mAnA hai| __ inheM aNuvrata kahane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki bahuta bAra sAdhaka kaThora niyamoM kA pAlana nahIM kara pAtA aura usa sthiti meM sampUrNa sAdhanA se hI virata ho jAtA hai| aisA na ho, isa dRSTi se vratoM ko kucha laghu rUpa diyA gayA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki aNuvrata eka prakAra se laghuvrata hI haiN|11 udAharaNa ke lie ahiMsA (prANAtipAtaviramaNa) eka kaThora vrata hai| pataJjali ke anusAra hiMsA ke mUla meM lobha, OM je 1. tattvArthasUtra,7/15-16: ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 66 2. zrAvakaprajJapti,6 yogazAstra, 3/86 sukhalAla saMghavI, tattvArthasUtra, pR0 303 (ka) hiMsAyAmanRte steye maithune'tha prigrhe| virativratamityuktaM sarvasattvAnukampakaiH / / - jJAnArNava, 8/5 (kha) tattvArthasUtra, 7/1, 13-17 upAsakadazAMgasUtra, (saMpA0 madhukaramuni), pR0 26 tattvArthasUtra, 7/2 yazastilakacampU. 6/300 virati sthuulhiNsaaderdvividhtrividhaadinaa| ahiMsAdIni paMcANuvratAni jagadurjinAH / / - yogazAstra, 2/13 10. sAgAradharmAmRta, 4/5 11. aNuni laghUni vratAni annuvrtaani| - abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, bhAga 1, pR0416

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yoga aura AcAra 151 krodha aura moha rahA karate haiN| ataH unase virati ke lie inakA pUrNa tyAga apekSita hotA hai, jabaki aNuvrata kA sAdhaka sthUla prANAtipAtaviramaNa se hI saMtoSa kara letA hai| isI prakAra mRSAvAdaviramaNa, adattAdAnaviramaNa, svadArasaMtoSa aura icchAparimANa kA bhI sthUla rUpa se pAlana aNuvrata meM kiyA jAtA hai| smaraNIya hai ki prANAtipAtaviramaNa Adi ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha nAma se yamoM ke rUpa meM pataJjali ke yogazAstra meM anivArya pAlanIya vrata ke rUpa meM svIkata haiM, isIlie inheM sArvabhauma mahAvrata kahA gayA hai| aNavrata saMkhyA meM pAMca haiM - 1. sthUla prANAtipAtaviramaNa, 2. sthUla mRSAvAdaviramaNa, 3. sthUla adattAdAnaviramaNa 4. svadArasantoSa tathA 5. icchaaprimaann| ina pAMcoM aNuvratoM kA pAlana tIna yoga evaM do karaNapUrvaka hotA hai| inakA saMkSipta varNana isa prakAra hai :1. sthUla prANAtipAtaviramaNa yA ahiMsANuvrata prathama aNuvrata meM sAdhaka sthUla hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai, isalie isa vrata ko skUla prANAtipAtaviramaNa' nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| 'sthUla' zabda se yahA~ abhipreta hai - bar3e arthAta sthAvaroM kI apekSA se trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA na krnaa| yahA~ sthUla zabda se niraparAdha aura saMkalpapUrvaka kI jAne vAlI hiMsA kA bhI tyAga karanA abhISTa hai| vastutaH hiMsA cAra prakAra kI hotI hai- ArambhI, udyogI, virodhI aura saMkalpI/ A0 haribhadra ne saMkalpa aura Arambha ke bheda se hiMsA ko do prakAra kA batAyA hai| A0 zubhacandra ne saMrambha, samArambha tathA Arambha tIna prakAra kI hiMsA kA ullekha karate hue hiMsA ko tIna yogoM (mana, vacana, kAya) aura cAra kaSAyoM (krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha) se guNita karake hiMsA ke eka sau ATha bheda (3434344 % 108) mAne haiN| sabhI jainAcAryoM kA mata hai ki zrAvaka kevala saMkalpI hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai jabaki sAdhu saba prakAra kI hiMsA kA tyAgI hotA hai|" upA0 yazovijaya ne hiMsA ke vividha rUpa kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai - 1. dUsaroM ko kaSTa pahu~cAnA, 2. svayaM zarIra kA nAza karanA, 3. duSTa bhAva rkhnaa| isaprakAra spaSTa hai ki zarIra se kisI ke prANoM ko AghAta pahu~cAnA to hiMsA hai hI, sAtha hI mana tathA vacana se kisI ko duHkha pahu~cAnA bhI hiMsA hI hai| umAsvAti ne pramattayoga arthAt pramAda athavA rAga-dveSa kI pravRtti se prerita hokara prANoM ke vyaparopaNa (vadha) ko hiMsA kahA hai| hiMsA kI isa paribhASA se jainAcAryoM ne hiMsA ke do rUpoM kI ora saMketa kiyA hai - dravyahiMsA aura bhAvahiMsA / mana, vacana aura kAya meM rAga-dveSa 1. pAtaMjalayogasUtra, 2/34 2. (ka) sthUlaprANAtipAtAdibhyoH viratiraNuvratAni pNceti| - dharmabindu, 3/16 (kha) zrAvakaprajJapti. 106 evaM svo0 vRtti 3. jAtidezakAlasamayAnavacchinnAH sArvabhaumA mhaavrtm| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/31 4. dharmabindu, 3/16; zrAvakaprajJapti, 106 evaM svo0 vRtti: yogazAstra, 2/18 yogazAstra. 2/18 nirAgastrasajantUnAM hiMsAsaMkalpastyajet / - yogazAstra, 2/16 jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 4, pR0534 zrAvakaprajJapti, 107: yogazAstra, 2/16 6. jJAnArNava. 8/: tatvArthasUtra. 6/6 zrAvakaprajJapti, 107: yogazAstra.2/16 11. gommaTasAra. (jIvakANDa) 26; sAgAradharmAmRta, 2/82.4/10-12 12. pIDAkartRtvato dehavyApattyA-duSTabhAvataH / tridhA hiMsAgage proktA na hIthamapahetukA / / - adhyAtgasAra, 4/12/41 13. pragatayogAta prANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA / - tattvArthasUtra. 7/8

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152 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana Adi kaSAyoM kA pravRtta honA 'bhAvahiMsA hai aura prANI ke prANoM kA vinAza karanA athavA use kisI prakAra kA kaSTa pahu~cAnA 'dravyahiMsA' hai| donoM prakAra kI hiMsA kA sarvathA tyAga ahiMsA hai| paranta ahiMsANuvratI zrAvaka pUrNa rUpa se hiMsA kA tyAga karane meM asamartha hotA hai, vaha AMzika rUpa se hI hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai| sthUla prANAtipAtaviramaNa yA ahiMsAvrata ke aticAra' 1. bandha krodhapUrvaka kisI bhI prANI ko bAMdhanA, usake abhISTa sthAna meM jAne se roknaa| 2. vadha krodhapUrvaka kisI bhI prANI ko pratAr3ita karanA, pIr3A pahu~cAnA, yA cAbuka, DaMDe athavA kisI hathiyAra se maarnaa| 3. cheda yA chaviccheda krodhapUrvaka kisI bhI prANI ke aMga yA camar3I Adi ko kATanA athavA sira Adi phodd'naa| 4. atibhArAropaNa krodhapUrvaka baila, U~Ta, gadhA, manuSya Adi kisI ke bhI kaMdhe, pITha yA sira para zakti se adhika bojha lAdanA athavA sAmarthya se adhika kAma lenaa| 5. annapAnanirodha krodhapUrvaka, adhInastha kisI pazu yA manuSya ko anna-pAnI yA ghAsa-cArA na denA athavA samaya para yA ucita mAtrA meM na denaa| 2. sthUla mRSAvAdaviramaNa yA satyANuvrata ___ dvitIya aNuvrata meM asatya ke tyAga rUpa satya ke pAlana kI carcA hai| satyANuvratI sAdhaka ke lie mRSAvAda (asatyabhASaNa) kA sarvathA tyAga karanA asambhava hotA hai, isalie usake lie sthUla mRSAvAda ke tyAga kA vidhAna prastuta kiyA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM satya ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie asatya kI paribhASA dete hue kahA gayA hai ki kaSAyabhAva se ayathArtha bhASaNa karanA 'asatya' hai| jo vacana hitakArI haiM, pApa se rakSA karate haiM, ve asatya hote hue bhI bolane vAle ke zubha vicAroM kA dyotaka hone se 'satya' kahe jAte haiN| isake viparIta apriya evaM ahitakArI vacana satya hone para bhI asatya mAne jAte haiN| ataH priya, hitakArI aura yathArthavacana bolanA hI satya kA lakSaNa hai| isIlie A0 zubhacandra ne asatyavacana ko ahitakara aura satyavacana ko hitakara mAnate hue asatya kI nindA aura satya kI.prazaMsA kI hai| jaina zAstroM meM jhUThI gavAhI denA, jhUThA dastAveja likhanA, kisI kI gupta bAta ko prakaTa karanA, cugalI karanA, kisI ko jhUTha batA kara galata rAste para le jAnA, AtmaprazaMsA aura paranindA Adi ko sthUla 1. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 43 tattvArthasUtra, 7/20; puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 183; amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 7/3. zrAvakaprajJapti, 258; dharmabindu, 3/23; yogazAstra.3/60: ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 3/8 3. upAsakadazAMgasUtra, 1/14 asadabhidhAnamanRtam / - tattvArthasUtra, 7/6 5. (ka) asatyamapi tatsatyaM yatsattvAzaMsakaM vacaH / sAvadhaM yacca puSNAti tatsatyamapi grhitm|| - jJAnArNava, 6/3 (kha) yogazAstra, 1/21; tulanA : gItA 7/15; manusmRti, 4/138 6 draSTavya : jJAnArNava, adhyAya 6

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yoga aura AcAra 153 mRSAvAda (asatya) meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta kanyAlIka, golIka, bhUmilIka,nyAsApahAra, kUTasAkSI Adi ko bhI sthUla mRSAvAda ke antargata rakhA gayA hai| A0 hemacandra ne ina saba ko lokaviruddha vizvAsaghAta paidA karane vAle tathA puNya ke nAzaka batAte hue zrAvaka ko inase bacane kA upadeza kiyA sthUla mRSAkAdaviramaNa yA satyANuvrata ke aticAra 1. sahasA-abhyAkhyAna binA vicAra kie kisI para doSAropaNa krnaa| 2. rahasya-abhyAkhyAna dUsare ke dvArA ekAnta meM kie gae vyavahAra ko anya janoM se kahanA, kisI kI jhUThI prazaMsA karanA yA jhUThI nindA-cugalI karanA athavA strI yA puruSa ko ekAnta meM eka dUsare ke prati bhrAntijanaka bAteM khnaa| 3. svadAra-mantrabheda apanI strI ke dvArA vizvasta rUpa se kaha gaye vacanoM ko dUsare para prakaTa krnaa| 4. mRSopadeza asat arthAt zAstra va dharma ke viruddha upadeza dekara viparIta mArga para pravRtta kraanaa| 5. kUTalekhakaraNa jhUThe lekha likhanA, jhUThe dastAveja banAnA, dUsare kI muhara yA hastAkSara banAkara asamIna pravRtti krnaa| 3. sthUla adattAdAnaviramaNa yA asteyANuvrata ___ zrAvaka ke lie nirUpita isa tRtIya aNuvrata meM binA dI huI dUsare kI vastu ko grahaNa na karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| yaha aNuvrata 'acauryANuvrata' ke nAma se bhI prasiddha hai| kaSAyabhAva se dUsare kI vastu usakI AjJA ke binA lenA 'steya' yA 'cauryakarma' kahalAtA hai| isake viparIta AcaraNa karanA asteya yA acauryakarma mAnA jAtA hai| A0 hemacandra ke anusAra rAste meM calate samaya girI huI, usake mAlika ke bhUla jAne se rakhI huI, khoI athavA naSTa huI, mAlika dvArA dharohara ke rUpa meM rakhI parantu vismRta huI, yogya jamIna meM gAr3I huI vastu ko binA kisI kI anumati ke na grahaNa karanA 'asteyANuvrata' hai| loka meM dhana ko prANoM se bhI adhika priya samajhA jAtA hai| dhana kI rakSA ke lie loga apane prANa taka dene ko taiyAra hote haiM / isaliye zAstrakAroM ne dhana ko bAhya prANa mAnA hai| dUsare ke dhana kA haraNa karane se isa loka tathA paraloka (janmAntara) ke dharma, dhairya, mati, kArya-akArya rUpa bhAvadhana kA bhI haraNa ho jAtA hai| vaha svayaM pApa baMdha karake apane Atma-guNoM rUpa prANoM kA ghAta karatA hai| cauryakarma se isa bhava meM to rAjadaNDa, jAtidaNDa, nindAdaNDa ( 1) Adi bhogane hI par3ate haiM, sAtha hI agale janmoM meM 1. 2. * tAyArthasUtra, 7/21 sAgAradharmAmRta 4/36: upAsakadazAMgasUtra, 1/6, para abhayadeva vR0: zrAvakaprajJapti. 260: yogazAstra. 2/54 yogazAstra.2/55 tattvArthasUtra, 7/21:. upAsakadazAMgasUtra, 1/46: sAgAradharmAmRta, 4/45: puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 184; amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 7/4. zrAvakaprajJapti, 263: dharmabindu. 3/24, yogazAstra, 3/61 adattAdAnaM steyaM / - tattvArthasasUtra,7/10 yogazAstra.2/66 jJAnArNava. 10/3: yogazAstra, 1/22 yogazAstra.2/67 jJAnArNava, 10/4-6 * fy n

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154 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhI nIca-gatiyoM ke bhayaMkara duHkha bhI bhogane par3ate haiN| kisI kI koI vastu curAne se mana bhI azAMta rahatA hai kyoMki sadA use apane pakar3e jAne kA bhaya rahatA hai| itanA hI nahIM bandhu-bAndhava bhI usakA sAtha chor3a dete haiN| A0 zubhacandra ne cauryakarma ko aneka prakAra se anarthakAra siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| zrAvaka ko aise doSayukta cauryakarma kA tyAga kara denA caahie| sthUla adattAdAnaviramaNa yA acaurya-aNuvrata ke aticAra 1. stenAhata stena arthAt cora dvArA curAI gaI mUlyavAna vastuoM ko lobhavaza grahaNa karanA, khriidnaa| 2. taskaraprayoga coroM ko corI karane kI preraNA denA, yA taskaroM ko taskarI se mAla lAne kI preraNA denA arthAt corI ke upAya btaanaa| 3. viruddharAjyAtikrama rAjya kI ora se nirdhArita niyamoM kA ullaMghana karake corI se kara Adi ko bacAkara eka rAjya se dUsare rAjya meM vastuoM ko le jAnA aura vahA~ se apane yahA~ le aanaa| 4. kUTatulA-kUTamAna tarAjU tathA nApane tolane ke jhUThe paimAne rakhanA tathA kama tolanA, kama nApanA aadi| 5. pratirUpaka-vyavahAra adhika mUlya vAlI vastu meM usI ke sadRza alpa mUlya vAlI vastu milAkara becnaa| 4. svadArasaMtoSa, paradAratyAga yA brahmacarya-aNavrata __ parastrI kA tyAga aura svastrIsaMtoSa caturtha aNuvrata hai, ise 'brahmacaryANuvrata' bhI kahA jAtA hai| mokSa-prApti ke lie brahmacaryavrata kA pAlana atyAvazyaka hai| brahmacaryavrata ke binA anya vrata mokSa-prApti meM pUrNatayA sArthaka nahIM ho pAte aura na hI brahmacaryavrata ke abhAva meM anya vratoM kI samagra ArAdhanA kI jA sakatI hai| __ tattvArthasUtra meM pramattayoga arthAt kaSAyajanita bhAvoM se mithunakriyA karane ko 'abrahma' kahA gayA hai| abrahma kA tyAga 'brahmacarya' kahalAtA hai| brahmacarya kA vAstavika artha AtmA meM ramaNa karanA hai| yaha AtmaramaNa mana, vANI aura kAya ke dvArA indriyoM para saMyama karane se hI ho sakatA hai| zrAvaka ke brahmacaryANuvrata kI maryAdA parastrI ke tyAga aura svastrI meM saMtoSa taka sImita rakhI gaI hai| jaina sAhitya meM isa vrata kI paryApta carcA haI hai| A0 zubhacandra evaM A0 hemacandra ne strI jAti kI nindA karate hae strI-saMsarga se utpanna doSoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| Mosbe 1. yogazAstra,2/66 jJAnArNava, 10/10: yogazAstra,2/70 jJAnArNava, 10/10, 11; yogazAstra, 2/71 draSTavya : jJAnArNava, adhyAya 10 tattvArthasUtra, 7/22: zrAvakaprajJapti. 268: yogazAstra. 3/62 tattvArthasUtra, 7/11 upAsakadazAMgasUtra. 1/16: zrAvakaprajJapti, 270 sarvArthasiddhi, 7/20: ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 3/13: puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 110; sAgAradharmAmRta, 4/52: kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 338, jJAnArNava, adhyAya 11; yogazAstra, 2/76-76 6. jJAnArNava, adhyAya 12-14 10. yogazAstra. 2/78-16

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yoga aura AcAra 155 svadArasaMtoSa, paradAratyAga yA brahmacarya-aNuvrata ke aticAra' 1. itvaraparigRhItAgamana kirAyA dekara kucha kAla ke lie grahaNa kI gaI kisI dUsare kI strI yA vezyA ke ghara gamana / 2. aparigRhItAgamana dUsare ke dvArA yathAvidhi grahaNa na kI gaI strI, arthAt vezyA, kulAMganA Adi kA upabhoga krnaa| 3. anaMga-krIr3A asvAbhAvika kriyAoM dvArA kaam-sevn| 4. paravivAhakaraNa apanI santAna ko chor3akara kanyAdAna ke phala kI icchA se dUsaroM kI santAna kA vivAha kraanaa| 5. kAmatIvrAbhiniveza kAmabhoga meM atyanta aaskti| A0 hemacandra ke anusAra isa vrata ke aticAra isa prakAra haiM- 1. itvarAttAgamana 2. anAttAgamana 3. paravivAhana 4. kAmaviSayaka tIvra abhilASA aura 5. anNgkriidd'aa| A0 hemacandra ne itvarAttA (itvara-parigrahItA) aura anAttAgamana ina do aticAroM kA nirdeza kevala svadAra saMtoSI ke lie kiyA hai| zeSa tIna aticAra donoM ke lie kahe haiN| 5. icchA-parimANa yA parigraha-parimANa-aNuvrata ___ icchAe~ asIma haiM, ananta haiN| icchA meM aprApta ko prApta karane kI kAmanA hotI hai| manuSya ke vyavahArika jIvana meM pratikSaNa aneka icchAe~ utpanna hotI rahatI haiN| jaise Aga meM ghI DAlane se vaha bujhane kI apekSA aura adhika prajjvalita ho jAtI hai, vaise hI icchAoM kI pUrti karate rahane se ve aura adhika baDhatI jAtI haiN| yadi una para niyantraNa na lagAyA jAe to ve kadApi tRpta nahIM ho sktiiN| manuSya strI, putra va dAsI-dAsa Adi dvipada aura hAthI-ghor3A Adi catuSpada, sacitta vastuoM tathA suvarNa-cAMdI Adi acitta padArthoM kI icchA ko maryAdita karanA 'icchA-parimANa' aNuvrata hai| jaba padArthoM ke prati icchA hotI hai to usako saMgraha karane kI pravRtti bhI balavatI hotI hai| jaba icchAe~ parimita ho jAtI haiM aura unake prati mamatva yA mUcrchA kama ho jAtI hai to sAdhaka kevala jIvana-nirvAha hetu apanI maryAdA ke anusAra kama se kama padArthoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| ise aparigraha bhI kahate haiM kyoMki vidvAnoM ke anusAra mUrchA hI parigraha hai| ataH lobha-kaSAya ko nyUna karake saMtoSapUrvaka apanI AvazyakatAnusAra icchAoM ko sImita karanA 'parigraha-parimANa-aNuvrata' kahA jAtA hai| A0 hemacandra ne parigraha ke doSa batAte hue parigraha ko prANiyoM ke upamardana rUpa saMsAra ke mUla ArambhoM kA hetu batAyA hai aura zrAvaka ko parigraha kA parimANa nizcita karane kA upadeza diyA hai|" 1 tatvArthasUtra, 7/23: zrAvakaprajJapti. 273: ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra. 3/14 yogazAstra. 3/13 yogazAstra. 3/63 svo0 0 zrAvakaprajJapti, 275 mUrchA parigrahaH / - tatvArthasUtra, 7/12 asantoSamavizvAsamArambhaMduHkhakAraNam / matvA gRcchaphilaM kuryAt parigraha-niyantraNam / / - yogazAstra. 2/106 saMsAramUlamArabhmAsteSAM hetuH parigrahaH / tasmAdupAsakaH kuryAdalpamalpaM parigraham / / - vahI, 2/110

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156 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana icchA-parimANavrata ke aticAra' 1. kSetra-vAstu-pramANAtikrama kSetra (khulI jamIna, yathA - kheta, bagIce, bhUmi Adi) aura vAstu (makAna, dukAna Adi) donoM ke nizcita parimANa kA atikrama kara unheM bar3hA lenaa| 2. hiraNya-suvarNa-pramANAtikrama cAMdI aura sonA yA cAMdI aura sone ke bane hue sikke, gahane va anya upakaraNa Adi kI jo mAtrA nizcita kI hai, usakA atikrama krnaa| 3. dhn-dhaany-prmaannaatikrm| dhana (gaNima - ginakara dI jAne vAlI, dharima - tolakara dI jAne vAlI, meya - mApa kara dI jAne vAlI, parIkSya - parIkSA karake dI jAne vAlI), dhAnya(anAja, dAla Adi) kI jitanI maryAdA nizcita ho, usase adhika svayaM rakhanA yA dUsare ke yahA~ rkhnaa| 4. dvipada-cuSpada-pramANAtikrama dvipada (manuSya, putra, strI, dAsa-dAsI Adi), catuSpada (gAya, bhaiMsa, baila, bakarI, hAthI, ghor3A Adi) ke rakhane kI jitanI saMkhyA nizcita kI ho, usase adhika rkhnaa| 5. kupya-pramANAtikrama sone-cAMdI ke atirikta halkI dhAtuoM (kAMsA, tAMbA, lohA, zIzA, jastA, gilTa, Adi) ke bartana, cArapAI, palaMga, kursI, sophAsaiTa, alamArI, ratha, gAr3I, moTara, hala, TraikTara Adi khetI ke sAdhana tathA ghara va vyApAra meM upayoga meM Ane vAlI anya vastuoM kI jo maryAdA nizcita ho, usakA ullaMghana krnaa| vastutaH ye pAMcoM hI vrata gRhastha ke lie sthUla rUpa se pAlanIya haiN| inakA sUkSma rUpa se pAlana to muni loga hI kara sakate haiN| maharSi pataJjali ne jaina-paramparA sammata 'aNuvrata' zabda kA yogasUtra meM kahIM spaSTataH ullekha nahIM kiyaa| parantu unakA yaha kathana ki jAti, deza, kAlAdi se sarvathA anavacchinna hone para ahiMsAdi pAMca yama 'mahAvrata' kahalAte haiM, avacchinna sthiti meM 'aNuvrata' kI sthiti ko svIkAra karatA pratIta hotA hai| isake atirikta ahiMsAdi yamoM ko yogAMgoM meM prathama sthAna dene kA tAtparya hI hai, aNuvratoM ko svIkAra karanA, kyoMki prArambha meM koI bhI sAdhaka ina vratoM kA sarvathA pAlana karane meM samartha nahIM hotaa| vaha unakA ekadeza, ekakAla tathA ekajAti se pAlana karatA hai| sarvajAti, sarvadeza tathA sarvakAla se anavacchinna hokara pAlana karane kI sthiti to 'pratyAhAra' nAmaka pAMcaveM yogAMga meM hI sambhava hai| ataH yaha kahanA anucita na hogA ki prathama 'yama' nAmaka yogAMga aNuvrata kA hI dyotaka hai| (kha) zIlavrata jainazAstroM meM zrAvaka ke lie varNita bAraha vratoM meM se pAMca aNuvratoM kI carcA pUrva pRSThoM meM kI jA cukI hai| zeSa sAta vratoM ko zIlavrata' athavA 'saptazIla' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| zIlavrata kA tAtparya hai ki ina vratoM kA pAlana sAkSyapUrvaka karanA anivArya hotA hai| yaha zIlavrata pUrvokta aNuvratoM kI rakSA meM sahAyaka huA karate haiN| 1. 2. tattvArthasUtra.7/24: zrAvakaprajJapti, 278; yogazAstra, 3/64 amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 12/41

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yoga aura AcAra 157 zIlavratoM kA vibhAjana jaina AcAryoM dvArA guNavrata aura zikSAvratoM ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| inameM guNavrata bAhya AcAra ko niyamita karate haiM aura zikSAvrata Antarika zuddhi ko puSTa karate haiN|' guNavrata guNavrata tIna haiM - 1. digvata, 2. anarthadaNDavrata evaM 3. bhogopabhoga-parimANavrata / kucha granthoM meM bhogopabhoga-parimANavrata ke sthAna para 'dezavrata' kA ullekha milatA hai| 1. digvrata jisa vrata dvArA dazoM dizAoM meM gamanAgamana kI sImA nizcita kara tadanusAra niyama aMgIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, vaha 'digvrata' yA 'dizA-parimANa' nAmaka prathama guNavrata hai| isa vrata meM deza ke dUrastha bhAgoM evaM videzoM meM vyavasAya dvArA hone vAle zoSaNa sImita ho jAte haiN| gamanAgamana ke maryAdita ho jAne se carAcara prANiyoM kI vyartha hiMsA se bhI nivRtti ho jAtI hai| A0 hemacandra likhate haiM ki isa vrata ko aMgIkAra karane se vyakti lobha para niyaMtraNa prApta karane meM samartha hotA hai|6 digbata ke aticAra UryadizA-pramANAtikrama pramAdavaza parvata, zikhara yA vRkSa para maryAdA se adhika U~cA cddh'naa| 2. adhodizA-pramANAtikrama bhUmigRha (talaghara), kue~ Adi meM maryAdA se adhika nIce utrnaa| 3. tiryagdizA-pramANAtikrama pUrva Adi dizAoM meM maryAdA se adhika gmn| 4. kSetravRddhi pramAdavaza svIkRta kSetra kI maryAdA ko bar3hA lenaa| 5. smRtyantarAdhAna gamanAgamana kI maryAdita sImA ko ativyAkulatA yA pramAdavaza bhUla jaanaa| 2. bhogopabhoga-parimANavata zrAvaka kA dUsarA guNavrata 'bhogopabhoga-parimANavata' hai| isa vrata meM apanI zArIrika va mAnasika zAkti ke anusAra bhogya aura upabhogya vastuoM kI saMkhyA kI maryAdA nirdhArita kI jAtI hai| jo padArtha eka bAra bhogane meM Ae (jaise anna, jala, phUla Adi) vaha 'bhoga' kahalAtA hai aura jisakA bAra-bAra upabhoga kiyA jA sake (jaise vastra, AbhUSaNa, ghara, bichaunA, Asana, vAhana Adi) use 'upabhoga' kahate haiN| bhojana aura karma kI apekSA se ukta vrata do prakAra kA hotA hai| A0 haribhadra ke matAnusAra ukta vratadhArI zrAvaka ko bhojana kI apekSA sAmAnya se nirdoSa AhAra lenA caahie| unhoMne zrAvaka ko prAsuka * Big 1. bhAratIya darzanoM meM yoga, pR0 124 2. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 361-386; sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/1; zrAvakaprajJapti, 280-261; dharmabindu, 3/17; yogazAstra, 3/1:4/73: ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 3/21 sarvArthasiddhi.7/21, harivaMzapurANa, 18/46, vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 2/14-16; AdipurANa, 10/65 zrAvakaprajJApti. 280: yogazAstra, 3/1 zrAvakaprajJapti. 281: yogazAstra.3/2 yogazAstra. 3/2-3 zrAvakaprajJapti, 283. yogazAstra, 3/66 yogazAstra, 3/4: zrAvakaprajJapti, 284, 285 6 yogazAstra, 3/5 zrAvakajJapti, 285 11. tatra bhojanataH zrAvakeNotsargato niravadyAhArabhojinA bhvitvym| - zrAvakaprajJapti. 285, svopajJavRtti

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158 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (jIva-jantuoM se rahita) aura eSaNIya (grahaNa karane yogya) AhAra lene kA upadeza diyA hai| prAsuka evaM eSaNIya AhAra kI prApti hone para sacitta ko chor3akara aneSaNIya AhAra ko bhI grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| parantu acitta bhojana ke na milane para sacitta bhojana meM anantakAya aura bahabIja vAle padArthoM ko lene kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| A0 hemacandra ne bhojya padArthoM meM mAMsa, makkhana, madhu, udumbara Adi pAMca prakAra ke anantakAyika phala, ajJAta phala, rAtri-bhojana, Ama aura gaurasa meM mile hue mUMga, cane, ur3ada, moTha Adi dvidala (dAleM), phUlana (kAIpar3e hue cAvala, do dina bAda kA dahI, sar3A bAsI anna Adi vastuoM ke sevana kA tyAga karane kA upadeza diyA hai|' karma ke binA zrAvaka jI nahIM sakatA, isalie usake tyAga kA to prazna hI nahIM hotaa| A0 haribhadra likhate haiM ki karma kI apekSA se zrAvaka ko atyanta sAvadya karmoM ko chor3akara nirdoSa karmoM kA anuSThAna karanA caahie| bhogopabhoga-parimANavata ke aticAra 1. sacittAhAra kanda-mUlAdi sacitta (sajIva, sacetana) bhojya padArthoM kA sevn| 2. sacitta-pratibaddhAhAra sacitta vRkSa se sambaddha goMda aura Ama Adi guThalI sahita pake phala, yA khajUra, chuhArA Adi meve grahaNa krnaa| 3. apakva-bhakSaNa binA pake phala athavA kacce zAka Adi kA bhkssnn| 4. duSpakvAhAra-bhakSaNa adhapake yA adhika pake bhojya padArthoM ko khaanaa| 5. tuccha-auSadhi-bhakSaNa jina padArthoM meM khAne kA aMza kama ho aura pheMkane kA adhika, unheM grahaNa krnaa| yathA - mUMgaphalI, sItAphala aadi| ukta pAMca aticAroM meM se tIna tattvArthasUtra aura hemacandrakRta yogazAstra meM varNita aticAroM ke samAna haiM zeSa do bhinna haiN| yathA - 1. sacittAhAra 2. sacitta-saMbaddhAhAra, 3. sammizrAhAra, 4. abhiSavAhAra aura 5. dusspkvaahaar| inameM 'sammizrAhAra' (sacitta-sammizrAhAra) kA artha hai- acitta padArtha ke sAtha mile kisI sacitta khAdya padArtha ko khaanaa| yathA - gehU~ ke ATe kI banI roTI meM par3e gehU~ ke akhaNDa dAne ko khAnA yA acitta jau, cAvala Adi ko sacitta tela meM milAkara lenA athavA ubAle hue pAnI meM kaccA pAnI milaanaa| tathA 'abhiSavAhAra' kA artha hai - abhiSava arthAta aneka dravyoM ko milAkara banAye hue mAdaka padArthoM jaise madirA, sauvIra, tAr3I, zarAba, dArU Adi tathA bhAMga, tambAka, jardA, gAMjA, carasa, Adi nazIle padArthoM kA sevana krnaa| ___ uparyukta bhojya padArthoM se saMbaMdhita aticAra to tyAjya haiM hI, inake atirikta karma meM malinatA paidA karane vAle una kaThora karmoM kA tyAga karanA bhI Avazyaka hai, jinheM 'karmAdAna' kahA jAtA hai| karmAdAna una kAryoM yA vyApAroM ko kahate haiM, jinase jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA bandha hotA hai| ina kAryoM meM 1. yogazAstra,3/6,7 zrAvakaprajJapti, 285, svopajJavRtti zrAvakaprajJapti, 286 tattvArthasUtra.7/30; yogazAstra. 3/64 4.

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yoga aura AdhAra 159 atyadhika hiMsA hotI hai, isalie zrAvakoM ke lie unakA tyAga karanA Avazyaka hai| ye karmAdAna saMkhyA meM 15 haiM - 1. iMgAlakamma (aMgArakarma) agni ko prajvalita kara koyalA va lohe Adi ke upakaraNa bnaanaa| vaNakamma (vanakama) jaMgala ke vRkSa va unakI pattiyoM ko becakara AjIvikA claanaa| 3. sADIkamma (zakaTakama) zakaTa arthAt bailagAr3I, ratha, tAMgA Adi banAnA, becanA athavA calAkara jIvikA claanaa| 4. bhADIkamma (bhATI yA bhATakakarma) gAr3I Adi ke dvArA bojhA Dhokara bhAr3e ke Azraya se jIvikA calAnA athavA baila, azva Adi pazuoM ko bhAr3e para dekara jIvikopArjana krnaa| 5. phoDIkamma (sphoTakakarma) suraMga banAnA, khAna khodanA aura patthara tor3anA, halAdi ke dvArA bhUmi jotnaa| 6. daMtavANijja (dantavANijya) hAthI ke dAMta yA anya pazu ke bahamUlya dAMtoM, haDDiyoM evaM camar3e Adi kA vyApAra krnaa| lakyANijja (lAkSavANijya) vRkSoM se nikAlI gaI lAkha dvArA vyApAra krnaa| 8. rasavANijja (rasavANijya) vibhinna prakAra ke madya-madirA Adi rasoM ko kharIda becakara vyApAra krnaa| 6. visavANijja (viSavANijya) viSailI vastuoM kA kraya-vikraya kara vyApAra krnaa| 10. kesavANijja (kezavANijya) bAloM yA bAla vAle prANiyoM kA vyApAra krnaa| 11. jantapIlaNakamma (yantrapIr3anakarma) kolhU, Ikha ke yantra, cakra Adi dvArA tela va Ikha kA rasa nikaalnaa| 12. nillaMchaNakamma (nirlAJchaNakarma) baila, bakare Adi pazuoM ko naMpusaka banAnA, unako niyantraNa meM rakhane ke lie nAsikA meM rassI DAlanA, kAna Adi avayavoM meM cheda karanA ityaadi| 13. davaggidAvaNayA yA davadANavaNijjA jaMgala athavA khetoM meM Aga lgaanaa| (dAvAgnidApanatA yA davadAnavyApAra) 14. saradahatalAyasosaM jhIla, sarovara, tAlAba Adi jalAzayoM ke pAnI ko (saradraha-taDAgazoSaNa) nikAlakara unheM sukhaanaa| 1. amI bhojanatastyAjyAH, karmataH kharakarma tu|| tasmina paMcadazamalAna karmAdAnAni saMtyajet / / - yogazAstra,3/68 2. (ka) iMgAlI-vaNa-sADI-bhADI-phoDIsu vajjae kamma / vANijjaM ceva daMta-lakkha-rasa-kesa-visavisayaM / / evaM khu jaMtapIlaNakamma nillaMghaNaM ca davadANaM / sara-daha-talAyasosaM asaIposaM ca vjjijjaa|| - zrAvakaprajJapti, 287.288 (kha) aNgaar-vn-shktt-bhaattk-sphottjiivikaa| danA-lAkSA-rasa-keza-viSavANijyakAni ca / / yaMtrapIDA-nilAchanamasatIpoSaNaM tthaa| davadAnaM saraH zoSa iti paJcadaza tyjet|| - yogazAstra, 3/66, 100

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160 15. asaIposaM ( asatIpoSaNa) isa prakAra bhogopabhoga parimANavrata ke jitane bhI aticAra haiM, cAhe ve bhojana sambandhI hoM athavA karma-sambandhI, sabhI jIvahatyA ke preraka-prANaghAtaka hone se zrAvaka ke lie tyAjya haiN| 3. anarthadaNDavrata zrAvaka ke lie nirdhArita vratoM meM tIsarA guNavrata 'anarthadaNDavrata' hai| A0 umAsvAti ne anarthadaNDa meM artha-anartha zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai ki jisase upabhoga paribhoga hotA ho, vaha zrAvaka ke lie 'artha' hai aura isake viparIta jisase upabhoga-paribhoga na hotA ho, vaha 'anartha' hai| A0 hemacandra ke zabdoM meM, zarIra Adi ke lie anivArya rUpa se kI jAne vAlI Arambha yA sAvadya rUpa pravRtti 'arthadaNDa' hai aura jisameM kisI kA bhI lAbha na ho tathA jisa pApa se akAraNa hI AtmA daNDita ho vaha 'anarthadaMDa' hai| isa vrata ke cAra bheda haiM - 1. apadhyAna, 2. pApopadeza, 3. hiMsAdAna aura 4. pramAdAcarita / zrAvaka ko ina cAroM prakAra ke anarthadaMDa se bacanA caahie| anarthadaMDavrata ke aticAra' 1. kaMdarpa 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3. 4. 5. kautkucya maukharya saMyuk pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhAr3A grahaNa karane kI icchA se durAcAriNI striyoM kA poSaNa karanA / yogazAstra, 3 / 101 - 113 tattvArthasUtra, 7/16 yogazAstra, 3/74 kAmoddIpaka, viSayavardhaka aziSTa vacana bolanA / kut kA artha hai - kutsita aura kuc kA artha hai - ceSTA / vidUSaka yA bhAMDa ke sadRza zArIrika kuceSTAe~ karanA / mUrkhatA se binA soce vicAre dhRSTatApUrvaka vacana bolanA / AtmA ko durgati kA adhikArI banAne vAle Ukhala, mUsala, hala Adi upakaraNoM ko jor3akara rakhanA / jaise Ukhala ke sAtha mUsala, hala ke sAtha phAla, dhanuSa ke sAtha bANa Adi / uparyukta guNavratoM meM 'divrata' ke pAlana kA uddezya moha para niyantraNa pAnA aura 'bhogopabhoga parimANavrata kA uddezya lobha para vijaya pAnA tathA 'anarthadaNDavrata' kA uddezya lobha, mohAdi kisI vizeSa bhAva kA niyamana hai, kintu hiMsA ke kucha anya prakAra, jinheM prAyaH loga hiMsA meM nahIM ginate, unase bacanA hai| ukta tInoM vratoM meM se 'divrata' nAmaka guNavrata ko pataJjali dvArA niyamoM ke antargata parigaNita saMtoSa ke. paryApta nikaTa dekhA jA sakatA hai| upabhoga paribhogAtirekatA upabhoga aura paribhoga kI vastuoM ko AvazyakatA se adhika ekatrita karanA / zrAvakaprajJapti, 286: yogazAstra, 3 / 73 zrAvakaprajJapti 261: yogazAstra, 3/115 -

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yoga aura AcAra zikSAvrata zikSAvrata cAra mAne gaye haiM 1. sAmAyikavrata, 2. dezAvakAzikavrata 3 pauSadhavrata aura 4. atithisNvibhaagvrt| ina cAroM hI zikSAvratoM kA uddezya vairAgya bhAvanA ko puSTa karanA hai kyoMki vairAgya kI puSTi ke binA kiyA gayA abhyAsa sAdhanA kI pUrNatA taka nahIM pahu~ca paataa| pataJjali ne bhI isIlie cittavRtti ke nirodha ke lie abhyAsa aura vairAgya ko ratha ke do pahie ke samAna sahacArI mAnA hai| zikSAvratoM ko anya vratoM se bhinna rUpa meM parigaNita karane kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki aNuvrata aura guNavrata yAvajjIvana pAlanIya hote haiM, jabaki zikSAvrata alpakAla taka hI abhyAsa yogya mAne gaye haiN| A0 haribhadra ne zikSAvratoM ko mokSa prApta karAne kA mukhya sAdhana mAnA hai| 1. sAmAyika mana, vacana, kAya se, eka niyata samaya taka hiMsAdi pAMca azubha pravRttiyoM kA sarvathA tyAga karanA, rAgadveSa rahita honA, sarvajIvoM meM samatA bhAva rakhanA, Arta va raudra dhyAna kA tyAga karanA sAmAyika zikSAvrata' hai|' aneka granthoM meM sAvadyayoga ke parityAga aura niravadyayoga ke Asevana ko 'sAmAyika' kahA gayA hai|" 'sAmAyika' zabda sama, Aya aura ika ina tIna padoM se milakara banA hai| 'sama' kA artha hai - samatA aura 'Aya' kA artha hai jJAnAdi kA lAbha isa prakAra samAya' kA artha huA 1- samabhAva yA samatvavRtti kI prApti / vaha kriyA jisase samabhAva kI prApti hotI hai vaha 'sAmAyika' hai| rAga-dveSa ko naSTa kara saba prANiyoM ko Atmavat samajhane se hI samatvabhAva kI upalabdhi hotI hai| ataH sAmAyika kA artha aura uddezya prANimAtra ko Atmavat samajhate hue samatva kA vyavahAra karanA arthAt pratyeka prANI ke prati samabhAva rakhanA hai| AgamoM meM sAmAyika ke lakSaNa kA nirdeza niruktipUrvaka aneka prakAra se kiyA gayA hai| yathA'sama' kA artha rAga dveSa se rahita aura 'aya' kA artha gamana hai| isaprakAra samagamana kA nAma 'samAya' hai aura yaha samAya hI 'sAmAyika' hai| athavA ukta 'samAya' meM hone vAlI, usase nirvRtta, tanmaya athavA ukta prayojana ke sAdhaka kI pravRtti ko 'sAmAyika jAnanA caahie| athavA 'sama' se samyaktva, jJAna aura cAritra abhipreta haiM unake viSaya meM yA unake dvArA jo ayagamana yA pravartana hai, usakA nAma 'samaya' aura usa samaya ko hI 'sAmAyika' kahA jAtA hai| athavA sama ke rAga-dveSa se rahita jIva ke jo Aya-guNoM kI prApti hotI hai usakA nAma samaya hai, athavA samoM kA arthAt samyaktva, jJAna aura cAritra kA jo Aya (lAbha) hai use sAmAyika samajhanA caahie| athavA sAma kA artha maitrIbhAva aura 'aya' kA artha gamana hai, isa prakAra maitrIbhAva meM yA usake dvArA jo pravRtti hotI hai, vaha 'sAmAyika' hai / athavA ukta maitrIbhAva rUpa jo sAma hai usake Aya (lAbha) ko sAmAyika samajhanA caahie|' kevalI bhagavAna ne usa sAdhaka kI sAmAyika ko 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 8. x - zrAvakaprajJapti 292 abhyAsavairAgyAbhyAM tannirodhaH pAtaJjalayogasUtra 1/12 zrAvakaprajJapti, 328 zrAvakaprajJapti 262 para svo0 vRtti 161 puruSArthasiddhadhupAya 1486: yogazAstra 3/82: AvakaprajJapti 262 para svo0 vRtti zrAvakaprajJapti, 262: AvazyakasUtra, 6/6 : ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 4/7; tattvArthAdhigamabhASya, 6/6 evaM haribhadravRtti zrAvakaprajJapti, 262 para svopajJavRtti paMcAzaka, 5/15,17 vizeSAvazyakabhASya 4220-26. anuyogadvAra haribhadravRtti, pR0 26 AvazyakasUtra 6/6 haribhadravRtti pR0 831 paMcAzake, 1/25 para abhayadeva vRtti

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162 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana hI sacce arthoM meM sAmAyika mAnA hai jo, trasa aura sthAvara sabhI prANiyoM ke prati samabhAva rakhatA hai|' sAmAyikavrata ke aticAra manoduSpraNidhAna azubha pravRttiyoM meM mana ko lagAnA, mana meM azubha vicAra aanaa| vacana-duSpraNidhAna sAmAyika karate samaya kaTu, karkaza, niSThura yA asabhya athavA apazabda bolnaa| kAya-duSpraNidhAna sAmAyika meM bAra-bAra zarIra ko hilAnA, azubha vyApAroM meM pravRtta honA, akAraNa zarIra ko sikor3anA, phailAnA ityaadi| smRtyakaraNatA sAmAyika kA samaya, pATha athavA pATha kI pUrNatA yA apUrNatA kI smRti kA abhAva honA (bhUla jAnA) athavA smRtibhaMga honaa| 5.. anavasthitakaraNa sAmAyika ke prati anAdara bhAva rakhate hae sAmAyika ko samaya se pUrva hI samApta kara denA, yathAvasthita sAmAyika na krnaa| 2. dezAvakAzikavrata 'deza' kA artha hai - digvrata meM gRhIta deza kA eka aNsh| usameM avakAza hone se isa vrata kI 'dezAvakAzika' saMjJA sArthaka hai| digvata nAmaka prathama gaNavrata meM dazoM dizAoM meM gamanAgamana kI jo sImA. nirdhArita kI gaI hai, vaha kucha vistRta pramANa meM aura yAvajjIvana arthAta jIvana paryanta ke lie hai| usa nizcita maryAdA ko eka dina-rAta ke lie, upalakSaNa se pahara Adi se ghaTA kara AvAgamana ke kSetra aura bhogyopabhogya padArthoM kI maryAdA ko saMkucita kara denA 'dezAvakAzikavrata' hai| dezAvakAzikavrata ke aticAra 1. Anayana maryAdita kSetra se bAhara kI vastue~ mNgvaanaa| 2. preSya-prayoga svayaM niyama kA pAlana karate hue maryAdita kSetra ke bAhara kArya karane kI AvazyakatA par3ane para svayaM na jAkara dUsare ko bhejnaa| 3. zabdAnupAta maryAdita kSetra ke bAhara prayojana ke upasthita hone para svayaM na jAkara chIMkanA, khAMsI Adi zabda saMketoM dvArA kAma nikaalnaa| 4. rUpAnupAta maryAdita kSetra ke bAhara khaDe vyakti ko apanA rUpa dikhAkara bulaanaa| 5. pudgala-kSepaNa maryAdita kSetra ke bAhara kaMkar3a Adi pheMka kara apanA prayojana prakaTa krnaa| 3. pauSadhopavAsavrata yA pauSadhavrata pauSadha kA artha hai - apanI AtmA ko puSTa krnaa| upavAsa kA artha hai - bhojana kA tyAga / A0 hemacandra ke anusAra cAra parva tithiyoM (aSTamI, caturdazI, pUrNimA aura amAvasyA) meM upavAsa karake azubha pravRttiyoM kA tyAga, brahmacarya kA pAlana evaM snAna-zrRMgArAdi kA tyAga karanA 'pauSadha' yA 'pauSadhopavAsavrata' Avazyakaniyukti, gA0767 zrAvakaprajJapti, 312; yogazAstra, 3/115 zrAvakaprajJapti, 318; yogazAstra, 3/84 zrAvakaprajJapti, 320, yogazAstra, 3/116

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yoga aura AcAra hai|' ukta lakSaNAnusAra pauSadhavrata meM zrAvaka cAra prakAra kA tyAga karatA hai 1. AhAra, 2. zarIra-satkAra arthAt zrRMgAra-prasAdhana, 3. abrahmacarya aura 4. sabhI sAMsArika kriyAkalApa / pauSadhopavAsavrata ke aticAra 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. apratyupekSita- duSpratyupekSita zayyA-saMstAraka 3. apramArjita - duSpramArjita zayyA-saMstAraka pATa-caukI, zayyA, Asana Adi ko dekhe aura pramANita kie binA rakhanA aura utthaanaa| 2. apratyupekSita- duSpratyupekSita uccAra-prasavaNabhUmi bhUmi ko dekhe aura pramArjita kie binA mala-mUtra kA utsarga karanA / jhAr3e-poche binA athavA vyAkulacitta se jhAr3a-poMchakara zayyA va Asana bichAnA / mala-mUtrAdi ke visarjana ke samaya bhUmi ko binA dekhe hI (binA pramArjita kie ) athavA adhIratA se dekhakara unakA visarjana karanA / samasta AhArAdi viSayaka pauSadhopavAsavrata kA bhalI-bhAMti pAlana na karanA / 4. apramArjita - duSpramArjita uccArAdibhUmi 5. samyak ananupAlanatA 4. atithi saMvibhAgavrata zrAvaka ke lie nirdhArita 12 vratoM meM antima tathA zikSAvratoM meM caturtha vrata 'atithi saMvibhAgavrata' hai / nyAya se upArjita apane AhAra, pAnI, vastra, pAtra Adi kalpanIya deya padArthoM meM se yathocita aMza nirdoSa bhikSA ke rUpa meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko dAna denA, 'atithi saMvibhAgavrata' hai| atithi kA artha hai - jisake Agamana kI koI nizcita tithi na ho, jisake koI parva yA utsava Adi niyata na hoN| aise vyaktiyoM ke lie yathAyogya apane bhojya padArtha ke samucita vibhAga karanA 'yathAsaMvibhAga' yA 'atithi saMvibhAgavrata' kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra atithi saMvibhAgavrata ke kAraNa gRhasthaAzrama muni saMsthA ke lie atyanta upayogI siddha hotA hai / atithi saMvibhAgavrata ke aticAra 1. sacittanikSepa 2. sacittapidhAna 3. kAlAtikramadAna 4. paravyapadeza 5. mAtsarya 163 atithi ko dene yogya padArtha sacittapAtra meM rakhanA / atithi ko deya bhojya vastu ko sacitta phala yA patte Adi se r3hakakara yogazAstra, 3/85 zrAvakaprajJapti 321 zrAvakaprajJapti 323: yogazAstra, 3/117 zrAvakaprajJapti 323, 326: yogazAstra, 4 / 87 zrAvakaprajJapti 327: yogazAstra, 3/118 rakhanA / dAna dene ke samaya kA ullaMghana karanA / dAna na dene kI bhAvanA se apanI vastu ko dUsare ko batAnA / IrSyAvaza athavA ahaMkAra se yukta hokara dAna denA athavA dAna ke prati AdarabhAva na rkhnaa|

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164 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana A0 hemacandra ke anusAra jo zrAvaka ukta bAraha vratoM kA niraticAra pAlana karatA huA apane dhana ko sAta kSetroM (jinapratimA, jinamaMdira, jinaAgama, sAdhu-kSetra, sAdhvI-kSetra, zrAvaka-kSetra, zrAvikA-kSetra) meM bhaktipUrvaka tathA ati dInajanoM meM dayApUrvaka lagAtA hai, vaha mahAzrAvaka kahalAtA hai|' (ga) gRhastha yogI kI viziSTa sAdhanA : pratimA zrAvaka dvArA samyakatvapUrvaka uparokta bAraha vratoM ko grahaNa kiye jAne para bhI viziSTa sAdhanA ke rUpa meM jaina AgamoM tathA uttaravartI sAhitya meM kucha viziSTa pratijJAe~ lene kA vidhAna prastuta kiyA gayA hai| zAstroM meM ina viziSTa pratijJAoM ko pratimA (paDimA) kahA gayA hai| pratimA kA artha hai - viziSTa sAdhanA kI pratijJA, jisameM zrAvaka saMkalpapUrvaka apane svIkRta yamaniyamoM (zrAvakAcAra) kA dRr3hatA se pAlana karatA hai| zrAvaka meM jaba zramaNa ke sadRza jIvana vyatIta karane kI icchA utpanna hotI hai taba vaha ina pratimAoM kA Azraya letA hai| cUMki pratimAoM kI ArAdhanA karane vAle zrAvaka kA jIvana eka prakAra se zramaNa-jIvana kI hI pratikRti hotA hai, isalie usake dvArA svIkRta vratavizeSa pratimA' kahe jAte haiN| zAstroM meM zrAvaka ke lie gyAraha pratimAoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai|" hemacandra ke yogazAstrAnusAra inakA saMkSipta varNana isa prakAra hai - 1. darzana-pratimA zaMkAAdi doSarahita, prazamAdi lakSaNoM se yukta sthairyAdi bhUSaNoM se bhUSita, mokSamArga meM mahala kI nIMva ke samAna samyagdarzana kA vizuddha rUpa se nirantara eka mAsa taka pAlana krnaa| vrata-pratimA pUrvapratimA sahita bAraha vratoM kA niraMtara niraticAra evaM avirAdhita rUpa se pAlana krnaa| 3. sAmAyika pratimA pUrvapratimAoM kI sAdhanA karate hue donoM samaya apramatta rUpa se 32 doSoM se rahita nirantara zuddha sAmAyika (samatAbhAva) kI sAdhanA krnaa| 4. pauSadha-pratimA pUrvapratimAoM kA anuSThAna karate hue niraticAra rUpa se cAra mAsa taka pratyeka catuSparvI para pauSadha kA pAlana karanA / pauSadhavrata meM zrAvaka dezataH pravRtti kara sakatA hai, parantu pauSadha-pratimA meM usakA pUrNataH pAlana apekSita hai| 5. kAyotsarga-pratimA pUrvokta cAra pratimAoM kA pAlana karate hue pAMca mAsa taka pratyeka catuSpI meM ghara ke andara, ghara ke dvAra para athavA cauka meM parISaha-upasarga meM rAta bhara binA hile-Dule kAyA ke vyutsarga rUpa meM kAyotsarga krnaa| 6. brahmacarya-pratimA pUrva pratimAoM kA anuSThAna karate hue chaha mahIne taka trikaraNayoga se niraticAra brahmacarya kA pAlana krnaa| | 1. yogazAstra,3/116 (ka) pratimApratipattiH pratijJeti yaavt| - sthAnAMgavRtti, patra, 64. pR.43 (kha) pratimA abhigrahAH / - vahI, patra, 351, pR.168 3. jaina AcAra, pR0 125 samavAyAMgasUtra, 11/71. pR0 26-30; sAgAradharmAmRta, 1/17, 7/1-46; yogazAstra,3/147 para svo0 vRti 5. draSTavya : yogazAstra, 3/147 para svo0 vR0

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yoga aura AcAra 165 fr nmy w 7. sacittavarjana-pratimA nau mahIne taka sacitta padArtha ke sevana kA tyAga krnaa| Arambhavarjana-pratimA ATha mAsa taka svayaM hiMsAtmaka kriyAoM kA tyAga krnaa| preSyavarjana-pratimA nau mAsa taka dUsare se bhI hiMsAtmaka kriyAoM kA tyAga kraanaa| uddiSTabhaktavarjana dasa mAsa taka apane lie taiyAra kiye hue AhAra kA tyAga krnaa| (tyAga)-pratimA 11: zramaNabhUta-pratimA gyAraha mAsa taka svajana Adi kI saMgati chor3akara rajoharaNa, pAtra Adi sAdhuveza dhAraNa kara sAdhu ke samAna caryA karanA, sira ke bAloM kA loca yA muMDana karanA tathA anya kriyAe~ bhI susAdhu ke sadRza krnaa| gRhastha ukta 11 pratimAoM ko kramazaH dhAraNa karatA huA Atmika vikAsa karate-karate utkRSTa zrAvaka bana jAtA hai| uttara-uttara kI pratimA ko dhAraNa karatA huA zrAva kI pratimAoM ke sabhI niyamoM kA pAlana karatA huA sAdhvAcAra kI ora bar3hane kA nirantara prayatna karatA hai| (gha) zrAvaka ke chaha karma jaina paramparA meM uparyukta bAraha vrata tathA gyAraha pratimAoM ke sAtha-sAtha zrAvaka ke lie chaha nitya karmoM kA vidhAna bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| inake nAma haiM- 1. devapUjA, 2. gurusevA, 3. svAdhyAya, 4. saMyama, 5. tapa evaM 6. daan| A0 hemacandra ne mahAzrAvaka kI dinacaryA kI prarUpaNA karate hue ukta cha: Avazyaka karmoM ko usI meM antarbhUta kara diyA hai| unhoMne svAdhyAya se pUrva Avazyaka karmoM (sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vaMdanaka, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna kI sAdhanA anivArya mAnI hai| Avazyaka karmoM ke saMbaMdha meM unhoMne AgamavacanAnusAra zrAvakoM ke lie bhI pratikramaNa karane kA vidhAna prastuta kiyA hai| ___ zrAvaka ke lie nirdhArita ukta chaha Avazyaka karma A0 haribhadra dvArA nirUpita 'pUrvasevA' tathA A0 hemacandra dvArA ullikhita 'mahAzrAvaka kI dinacaryA meM parigaNita kie gae haiN| zailI meM bhinnatA hone para bhI inakA mUla uddezya samAna hai| ina sabakA mUla uddezya zrAvaka ke jIvana ko vyavasthita evaM niyamita banAnA hai| ina karttavya-karmoM ke anukUla AcaraNa karane se hI zrAvaka jIvana-dhyeya meM saphalatA prApta kara kalyANa aura nirvANa kA adhikArI hotA hai| gRhastha ke chaha AvazyakoM (nityadharmoM) kA nirUpaNa pIche kiyA jA cukA hai| una chaH AvazyakoM meM saMyama aura tapa kA parigaNana hai| zrAvaka yathAzakti apane jIvana meM saMyama va tapa kI ArAdhanA karatA hai| mRtyu ke samaya prANa-hAni kI saMbhAvanA se AkulatA hotI hai jisase zrAvaka kA saMyamapatha se vicalita ho jAnA svAbhAvika hai| jaina AcArazAstra ke anusAra sallekhanA-vidhi kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai jo sAdhaka ke pUrva saMyamamaya jIvana ko pramANita karane vAlI eka kasauTI hai| yadi sAdhaka sallekhanA-vidhi ke anusAra zAMtipUrvaka mRtyu kA AliMgana karatA hai tabhI usake saMyamamaya jIvana kI sArthakatA siddha hotI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka parizIlana, pR0 236 devapUjA gurupAstiH svAdhyAyaH saMyamastapaH / dAnaM ceti gRhasthAnAM SaTkarmANi dine dine|| - yazastilakacampU 8/954; upAsakAdhyayana, 46/611 tatazca sandhyAsamaye, kRtvA devArcanaM punaH / kRtAvazyakakarmA ca, kuryAt svaadhyaaymuttmm|| - yogazAstra, 3/126 4. yogazAstra, 3/126 para svopajJavRti

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166 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (Ga) sallekhanA 'sallekhanA' jIvana ke antima samaya meM liyA jAne vAlA bhAva hai,' jo zrAvaka evaM zramaNa donoM kI AtmA evaM zarIra ko samAna rUpa se zuddha karatA hai| samyaka rUpa se kAya aura kaSAya kA lekhana karanA arthAt kRza karanA 'sallekhanA' kahalAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM bAharI zarIra evaM bhItarI kaSAyoM kA, uttarottara kAya aura kaSAya ko puSTa karane vAle kAraNoM ko nyUna karate hue samyak prakAra se lekhana karanA arthAt kRza karanA 'sallekhanA' hai| - gRhastha ke samAna bhikSu ke lie bhI isakA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa samaya bhikSu ko yaha pratIta hone lage ki vaha AcAra-dharma kA pAlana karane meM asamartha hai, usI samaya use saMkalpapUrvaka AhAra-tyAga karate hue kaSAyoM ko kSINa karane kA vrata le lenA caahiye| yahI jaina zAstroM kI paribhASA meM 'sallekhanA' hai| A0 hemacandra ke matAnusAra zrAvaka ko sallekhanA vrata ke lie arihantoM ke janma, dIkSA, kevalajJAna athavA nirvANa-kalyANaka kI pavitra bhUmi para jAnA caahiye| yadi kalyANabhUmi nikaTa na ho to kisI ghara, upAzraya, vana yA jIva-jantu se rahita ekAnta, zAMta bhUmi meM sallekhanA karanI caahiye| sallekhanA vrata ke aticAra 1. ihAlokAzaMsA prayoga laukika sukha kI prApti kI icchaa| 2. paralokAzaMsA prayoga paraloka meM svargAdi sukhoM kI prApti kI icchaa| 3. jIvitAzaMsA prayoga adhika kAla taka jIne kI icchaa| 4. maraNAzaMsA prayoga sallekhanA kI kaThinAIyA~ sahana na hone para jaldI marane kI icchA krnaa| 5. bhogAzaMsA prayoga sallekhanA ke phalasvarUpa kAma-bhogAdi kI abhilASA krnaa| ukta vrata meM saphalatA prApta karane hetu sAdhaka ko apanI vAsanAoM evaM tRSNAoM para pUrNa vijaya prApta karane kA prayAsa karanA caahie| sallekhanA aura AtmahatyA ___ sallekhanA kA sambandha mRtyu kI avasthA se saMbaMdhita hai, isalie kucha vidvAn sallekhanA, ko eka prakAra kI AtmahatyA mAnate haiN| parantu unakI yaha dhAraNA anucita hai kyoMki sallekhanA kA mUla AdhAra AtmA aura zarIra ke pArthakya kI dRr3ha bhAvanA hai| sallekhanA zarIra ke vyartha ho jAne para usake prati rAga chor3ane kI eka prakriyA hai| AtmahatyA aura sallekhanA meM nimnalikhita bheda draSTavya haiM - ___ mAraNAntikI saMlekhanAM jossitaa|- tattvArthasUtra, 7/17 2. na imaM savvesu bhikkhasu. na imaM svvesugaarisu| - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 5/16 sarvArthasiddhi, 7/22/705 zrAvakaprajJapti, 378 para svopajJavRtti; yogazAstra, 3/157 para svopajJavRtti AcArAMgasUtra, 1/8/6/105: yogazAstra, 3/148 janma-dIkSA-jJAna-mokSasthAneSu shriimdrhtaam| tadabhAve gRhe'raNye, sthaNDile jntuvrjite||- yogazAstra, 3/146 zrAvakaprajJapti, 385 7. The Heart of Jainism, p. 168

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yoga aura AcAra 167 AtmahatyA (AtmaghAta) kA mUla kAraNa hai - kaSAya, jabaki sallekhanA meM zarIra kA tyAga gauNa hai aura kaSAyoM kA tyAga pradhAna hai|' sallekhanA kA mUla AdhAra hai - zarIra aura AtmA meM Ane vAle vikAroM ko kRza krnaa| isa kAraNa sallekhanA kAlamRtyu hai, akAlamRtyu nhiiN| isameM moha kA abhAva hotA hai| sallekhanA ke antargata kaSAyoM ko kuza karane para adhika bala diyA gayA hai| ataH sallekhanA meM rAga-dveSAtmaka vRtti kA abhAva hotA hai, jabaki AtmaghAta to rAga-dveSAtmaka vRtti kI prabalatA hone para kiyA jAtA hai| AtmaghAta meM mRtyu kI icchA kI jAtI hai, kintu sallekhanA meM jIvana yA maraNa kI icchA nahIM hotii| apitu vaha to mRtyu yA anya koI duHsAdhya Apatti A jAne para prasannatApUrvaka zarIra-tyAga karane kI eka prakriyA hai| sallekhanA meM kisI prakAra ke bhogoM kI icchA nahIM hotI, jabaki AtmaghAta karane vAlA vyakti icchita bhogoM ke na milane ke kAraNa AtmahatyA karatA hai| isake viparIta sallekhanA karane vAlA vyakti kisI prakAra kI icchA nahIM krtaa| uparyukta tathyoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki AtmaghAta meM eka prakAra kA tanAva hotA hai jabaki sallekhanA meM zAnti / AtmaghAta Darakara palAyanavAdI prakati ke kAraNa binA kisI vicAra ke chipakara kiyA jAtA hai, jabaki sallekhanA kA AdhAra parAkrama hai, AdhyAtmika nirbhIkatA hai| isameM paristhiti se palAyana na karake samajhautA kiyA jAtA hai| ise eka jIvana darzana ke AdhAra para ghoSaNApUrvaka sabake sammukha kiyA jAtA hai, chupakara nhiiN| isalie sallekhanA ko AtmahatyA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isaprakAra spaSTa hai ki jaina-paramparA meM varNita sallekhanA prayatnapUrvaka maraNa (AtmahatyA) nahIM hai, balki AI haI mRtyu kA vIratApUrvaka varaNa hai arthAt jaba zarIra apane upayoga kA na raha jAe aura usake pAlana-poSaNa ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA prayatna nirarthaka pratIta ho rahA ho, taba usa sthiti meM sallekhanAvrata dvArA zarIra-tyAga ko ucita mAnA gayA hai, jabaki vaidika-paramparA meM apanI icchAnusAra prANotsarga ko pApa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai. kyoMki IzopaniSada ke anusAra Atmahanana karane vAle loga asUrya lokoM ko prApta karate haiN| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina AcAra ke niyama apekSAkRta adhika vyApaka evaM kaThora haiN| zramaNAcAra jainadharma nivRttipradhAna hai aura nivRtti kA mArga sAdhumArga hai| jaina-paramparA meM sAdhu ke lie 'zramaNa' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| dharma kA mUla AdhAra aura kendrabindu 'sAdhu' yAni 'zramaNa' hI hai| usI ke nAma OM 1. kasAe payaNue kicyA, samAhiyacce phalagAvayaTThI uhAe bhikkhU abhinivvuddcce| - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/8/6/105 samyakkAya-kaSAyalekhanA sllekhnaa| - sarvArthasiddhi,7/22 rAgadveSamohAviSTasya hi viSazAstrAdyupakaraNaprayogavazAdAtmAnaM ghnataH svaghAto bhvti| na sallekhanAM pratipannasya rAgAdayaH santi tato nAtmavadhadoSaH - sarvArthasiddhi,7/22 jIviyaM NAbhikaMkhejjA, maraNaM No viptthe| duhatovi Na sajjejjA, jIvite maraNe thaa|| - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/8/8/4 bheuresu na rajjejjA, kAmesu bahutaresu vi| icchAlobha Na sevejjA, suhumaM vaNNaM spehiyaa|| - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/8/8/23 puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 168 7. IzopaniSad, (upaniSatsaMgraha), 3 OM

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168 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana para jainadharma ko zramaNadharma tathA jaina saMskRti ko zramaNasaMskRti kahA jAtA hai| zramaNadharma ko hI utsarga mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki vahI mokSa kI prApti kA sAkSAt mArga hai| zramaNadharma dhAraNa kiye binA mokSa-prApti nahIM ho sktii| jo zramaNadharma dhAraNa karane meM asamartha hote haiM, kintu usameM AsthA rakhate haiM, ve bhaviSya meM zramaNa banane kI bhAvanA se hI zrAvakadharma ko aMgIkAra karate haiN| ataH zrAvakadharma apavAdadharma hai aura zramaNadharma yathArthadharma hai| 'zramaNa' zabda 'zram' dhAtu se vyutpanna hai, jisakA artha hai - parizrama karanA / isa vyutpatti ke AdhAra para mokSamArga athavA Atmazuddhi meM parizrama karane vAle ko 'zramaNa' kahA jAtA hai| A0 haribhadra ne dazavaikAlika vRtti meM tapa aura parizrama ko paryAyavAcI mAnate hue zrama yAni parizrama karane vAle aura tapa karane vAle donoM ko 'zramaNa' kahA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jo sAdhaka parizrama karatA hai, tapa se zarIra ko kaSTa pahu~cAtA hai, vaha 'zramaNa' kahalAtA hai| __jaina-paramparA meM zramaNa ke lie 28 mUlaguNa aura sattara uttaraguNoM kA vidhAna prastuta kiyA gayA hai| mUlaguNoM meM pAMca mahAvrata, pAMca samiti, pAMca indriyoM kA nirodha (trividha gupti), chaha Avazyaka, loca, Acelakya, asnAna, kSiti, adanta-dhAvana, sthiti-bhojana aura eka bhukti parigaNita haiN|| ukta 28 mUlaguNa digambara-paramparA meM varNita haiN| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM isase bhinna 27 mUlaguNoM kA ullekha milatA hai| samavAyAMga sUtra ke anusAra 27 mUlaguNa isa prakAra haiM - pAMca mahAvrata, pAMca indriyoM kA saMyama, cAra kaSAyoM kA parityAga, bhAvasatya, karaNasatya, yogasatya, kSamA, virAgatA, mana-vacana-kAya kA nirodha, jJAna, darzana aura cAritra se saMpannatA, kaSTa-sahiSNutA aura maraNAnta-kaSTa ko shnaa| zubhacandra ne zramaNAcAra ke antargata paMca mahAvrata, pAMca samiti aura trividha gupti ko hI samAviSTa kiyA hai|" (ka) mahAvrata _ 'mahAvrata' meM mahAn zabda mahatva aura prAdhAnya artha meM gRhIta hai| jo mahAn vrata haiM ve mahAvrata kahalAte haiN| jJAnArNava meM kahA gayA hai ki mahAvrata ananta jJAnAdi rUpa mahAphala ko pradAna karate haiM arthAt unako dhAraNa karane para hI ananta jJAnAdi rUpa mahAphala kI prApti hotI hai| mahAphala kI prApti ke hetubhUta hone se ye mahAvrata kahe jAte haiN| dUsare ye gaNadhara athavA indra Adi mahApuruSoM dvArA Acarita haiN| tIsare ye svayaM mahAn haiM, kyoMki inameM sthUla aura sUkSma saba prakAra kI hiMsA, asatya, adattAdAna, abrahma aura parigraha kA sarvathA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| vastutaH ina mahAvratoM meM lobha, moha aura krodha kI pUrNataH nivRtti ho jAtI hai| jisaprakAra vividha bhAvanAoM se bhAvita karane se auSadhiyA~ rasAyana banakara puSTidAyaka bana jAtI hai, usIprakAra zAstroM meM mahAvratoM kI puSTi tathA zuddhi hetu pAMca-pAMca bhAvanAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| aura kahA gayA hai ki ye bhAvanAe~ mukti-prApti meM sahAyaka siddha hotI haiN| pAMca mahAvratoM ke nAma isa *sbe kailAzacandra zAstrI, prastAvanA, anagAradharmAmRta, (AzAdhara) pR0 14 2. zrAmyantIti zramaNAH tapasyantItyarthaH / - dazavaikAlikasUtra 1/3 para haribhadra vRtti zrAmyati tapasA khidyata iti kRtvA shrmnnH| - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/16/1para zIlAM0 TIkA, pR0 263 mUlAcAra 2-3; yogasAraprAbhRta, 8/6-7: pravacanasAra 3/8-6 piMDavisohI samiI bhAvaNa paDimA ya indianiroho| paDilehaNa guttIo abhiggahA cevakaraNaM tu|| - dharmasaMgraha (uttara bhAga), adhikAra 3, gA0 47 para yazo0 kRta vyAkhyA, patra 130 samavAyAMgasUtra, 27 vA~ smvaay| jJAnArNava, 8/2 (1, 3. 4) jJAnArNava, 18/1. (1).2 jJAnArNava, 18/2: yogazAstra, 1/16 10. yogazAstra, 1/25

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yoga aura AcAra 169 prakAra haiM - 1. ahiMsA-mahAvrata, 2. satya-mahAvrata, 3. asteya-mahAvrata, 4. brahmacarya-mahAvrata aura 5. aprigrhmhaavrt| 1. ahiMsA-mahAvrata ahiMsA-mahAvrata sabhI vratoM meM pradhAna evaM mahatvapUrNa hai| ise samasta vratoM kA saratAja tathA vrata-ratnoM kI khAna kahA gayA hai| A0 zubhacandra ne ise satyAdi uttaravartI vrata samUha kA kAraNa batAte hue likhA hai ki satyAdi saba vratoM kI sthiti ahiMsA-mahAvrata para TikI huI hai| jIvana paryanta trasa aura sthAvara sabhI prakAra ke jIvoM kI mana, vacana aura kAya rUpa tIna yogoM se tathA kRta, kArita aura anumodana rUpa tIna karaNoM se kisI prakAra kI hiMsA na karanA 'ahiMsA mahAvrata' hai| ahiMsA-mahAvrata kI bhAvanAe~ - jaina zAstroM ke anusAra ahiMsA-mahAvrata kI nimnalikhita pAMca bhAvanAe~ haiM - 1. manogupti bhAvanA mana ko zubha aura zuddha dhyAna meM lagAe rakhanA, rAga-dveSa ke sUcaka saMkalpa-vikalpoM ko chor3akara mana ko samatAbhAva meM sthApita krnaa| 2. eSaNAsamiti bhAvanA vastra, pAtra, AhAra, sthAna Adi vastuoM kA gaveSaNa, grahaNa yA upayoga rUpa tIna eSaNAoM meM doSa na lagane denA, nirdoSa vastu kA grahaNa yA upayoga krnaa| 3. AdAnasamiti bhAvanA pAda, pAdapITha, vastra, pAtra Adi upakaraNoM ko lete va chor3ate samaya sAvadhAnI baratanA, tAki kisI jIva kI virAdhanA na ho| IryAsamiti bhAvanA pramAdarahita hokara sAvadhAnIpUrvaka mArga para samyaka dRSTi rakhate hue, kisI jIva kI virAdhanA kie binA gamanAgamana krnaa| dRSTAnnapAna grahaNa yA AhAra-pAnI ko bhalI-bhAMti dekhakara lenA aura upalakSaNa se Alokita pAna bhojana AhAra ke samaya bhI ahiMsA-bhAva rkhnaa| bhAvanA bh `mr ye pAMcoM bhAvanAe~ 'ahiMsA-mahAvrata' ko puSTa karatI haiM aura use sthiratA pradAna karatI haiN| pataJjali ke yogasUtra meM bhI 'ahiMsA-mahAvrata' kI carcA milatI hai| bhASyakAra vyAsa evaM anya TIkAkAroM ne samasta prANiyoM ke prati droha na karane, unheM pIr3A na pahucAne ko 'ahiMsA mahAvrata' kahA hai| 2. satya-mahAvrata jainAgamokta bhASA meM ise da-viramaNa' kahate haiN| isa mahAvrata meM zramaNa sAdhaka tIna karaNa evaM 3. jJAnA mUlAcAra, 4; uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 21/12: jJAnArNava, 8/5 yogazAstra, 1/18.16 2. anagAradharmAmRta, 4/35 jJAnArNava, 8/6 jJAnArNaya. 8/7 yogazAstra, 1/26: mUlArAdhanA, 337; tattvArthAdhigamabhASya, 7/33 6. vyAsabhASya, pR0 275 ; nAgojIbhaTTavRtti, pR0 62; bhAvAgaNezavRtti, pR0 62

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170 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana tIna yoga se asatya vacanoM kA tyAga karatA hai| yaha mahAvrata, Agama-jJAna evaM yama kA AdhAra, vidyA va vinaya kA bhUSaNa tathA cAritra aura jJAna kA bIja hai| isalie zramaNadharma ko svIkAra karane vAle vyakti ko 'satya-mahAvrata' kA pAlana avazya karanA caahie| jaina zAstroM meM kahA gayA hai ki satya-mahAvrata ke ArAdhaka zramaNa ko sadA mauna hI rahanA caahie| parantu yadi bolanA Avazyaka ho to aise vacana bolane cAhie~, jo priya, satya aura sarvahitakArI hoN| yadi dharma kA nAza hotA ho, kriyAkAMDa vidhvaMsa hotA ho, svasiddhAntoM kA artha naSTa hotA ho, to unakA svarUpa prakAzita karane ke lie binA pUche bhI bolanA caahie| satya-mahAvrata kI bhAvanAe~ jaina zAstrakAroM ke anusAra satya-mahAvrata ko puSTa karane meM nimmalikhita pAMca bhAvanAe~ sahAyaka 1. hAsya-pratyAkhyAna haMsI-majAka meM bhI asatya bhASaNa kA tyAga krnaa| lobha-pratyAkhyAna lobha ke vazIbhUta hokara dhana kI AkAMkSA se asatya vacana na bolnaa| 3. krodha-pratyAkhyAna krodha ke Aveza meM Akara kaThora vacanoM yA asatya vacanoM ko na bolnaa| bhaya-pratyAkhyAna prANoM kI rakSA yA pratiSThA Adi jAne ke bhaya se asatya-bhASaNa kA tyAga krnaa| 5. Alocya-bhASaNa ajJAnatApUrvaka kaTu satya athavA zIghratA aura capalatA se binA vicAra kie na bolanA, vicArapUrvaka bolnaa| pAtaJjalayogasUtra ke anusAra satya ko dvitIya mahAvrata mAnate hue vANI tathA mana ke yathArthatva ko 'satya' kahA gayA hai| bhASyakAra vyAsa ise spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM ki jaisA pratyakSa dekhA gayA, sunA gayA aura tarka dvArA anumAna kiyA gayA ho, vaisA hI mana aura vANI kA honA satya hai| yadi mana meM kucha anya ho aura vANI se kucha anya bolA jAe to vaha satya nahIM khlaataa| jo vaMcita, bhrAnta tathA pratipattivandhya na ho, vahI vAkya 'satya' kahA jAtA hai| 3. asteya-mahAvrata Agamokta bhASA meM isa mahAvrata ko 'sarva adattAdAna-viramaNa' kahA jAtA hai| mana, vacana, kAya rUpa tIna yogoM tathA tIna karaNoM se cauryakarma kA tyAga karanA 'asteya' yA 'acaurya-mahAvrata' hai| mokSamArga meM sthiratA prApta karane ke lie guNoM ke bhUSaNa svarUpa acaurya vrata kA pAlana karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| isa mahAvrata meM zramaNa ko sUkSma se sUkSma corI kA bhI parityAga karanA par3atA hai| usake acaurya aura adattAdAna kI sImA bahuta vistRta hotI hai| 1. dazavaikAlikasUtra, adhyayana 4 2. jJAnArNava, 6/27 3. jJAnArNava, 6/1 vahI, 6/6; anagAradharmAmRta, 4/44 jJAnArNava, 6/15 yogazAstra, 1/27 satyaM yathArtha vAGmanase / yathAdRSTaM yathAnumitaM yathAzrutaM tathA vaangmnshceti| paratra svabodhasaMkrAntaye vAguktA sA yadi na vaJcitA bhrAntA vA pratipattivandhyA vA bhvediti| - vyAsabhASya, pR0 276 8. jJAnArNava, 10/1 *

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yoga aura AcAra 171 asteya-mahAvrata kI bhAvanAe~ jaina zAstroM ke anusAra nimnalikhita bhAvanAe~ asteya-mahAvrata ko puSTa karatI haiM - 1. Alocya avagrahayAcana mana se vicAra karake hI svAmI se avagraha (rahane ke sthAna) kI yAcanA krnaa| abhIkSNa-avagrahayAcana mAlika se bAra-bAra avagraha kI yAcanA krnaa| 3. parimita-avagrahayAcana jitane sthAna kI AvazyakatA ho, utane hI sthAna kI yAcanA karanA, AvazyakatA se adhika kI nhiiN| 4. sAdharmika-avagrahavAcana svadharmI sAdhu se bhI avagraha kI yAcanA karake rahanA yA tthhrnaa| 5. anujJApita pAna-anna- guru kI AjJA se AhAra-pAnI kA upayoga krnaa| azanagrahaNa uparokta bhAvanAoM se zramaNayogI kI vRttiyA~ apekSAkRta adhika saMkucita ho jAtI haiN| yAcanA se vinamratA aura nirabhimAnatA kA bhAva utpanna hotA hai tathA Asakti-bhAva kama hotA hai| anAsakta yogI ko saMsAra kI samasta vastue~ tuccha pratIta hone lagatI haiN| pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM bhI 'asteya' ko tIsarA mahAvrata mAnA gayA hai| bhASyakAra vyAsa ke anusAra zAstrokta vidhi ke binA kisI anya ke dravyoM ko grahaNa karanA 'steya' hai aura usake pratiSedha (abhAva) evaM mana se bhI anya ke dravya ko grahaNa karane kI icchA ke abhAva ko 'asteya' kahA jAtA hai| 4. brahmacarya-mahAvrata __ zAstrokta bhASA meM isa vrata ko 'sarvamaithuna-viramaNa' kahate haiN| mana, vacana aura kAya se sarvathA maithunavRtti kA tyAga karanA 'brahmacarya-mahAvrata' hai| A0 hemacandra ke anusAra divya athAta devatAoM ke vail zarIra tathA manuSya aura tiryaJca jAti ke audArika zarIra se saMbaMdhita kAmabhogoM (maithunavRtti) kA mana, vacana aura kAya se sevana karane, karAne aura anumodana karane kA tyAga karanA 'brahmacarya hai| A0 hemacandra ne 18 prakAra ke maithuna tyAjya hone se brahmacarya mahAvrata ko bhI 18 prakAra kA mAnA hai| devatA-saMbaMdhI ratisukha mana, vacana aura kAya se tathA kRta, kArita aura anumodana ke bheda se trividha-trividha (3 x 3 = 6) virati rUpa hone se 6 prakAra kA hotA hai| isI taraha audArika saMbaMdhI kAma ke bhI 6 bheda hote haiN| isa prakAra 18 prakAra kA brahmacarya-mahAvrata hotA hai| jainAgamoM meM brahmacarya-mahAvrata kI mahimA kA guNagAna karate hue paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| jaina-paramparA meM brahmacarya-vrata kA atyanta kaThoratA se pAlana karane kA Adeza diyA gayA hai| zramaNa ke lie isa vrata meM kisI prakAra kA apavAda svIkArya nahIM hai| brahmacarya-mahAvrata kI bhAvanAe~ brahmacarya kI surakSA hetu jaina zAstroM meM nimnalikhita pAMca bhAvanAoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai - 3. yogazAstra, 1/28, 26: mUlArAdhanA 336: tattvArthAdhigamabhASya,7/3 steyamazAstrapUrvakaM dravyANAM parataH svIkaraNam, tatpratiSedhaH punaraspRhArUpamasteyamiti / / - vyAsabhASya, pR0 277-78 yogazAstra, 1/23 yogazAstra, 1/23 para svopajJavRtti pR0 120 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/5/2/107; dazavaikAlikasUtra, a04 yogazAstra 1/30, 31; mUlAcAra 340; tattvArthAdhigamabhASya, 7/3 OMja

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172 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 1. strI-SaNTa-pazamadvezmAsanakuDyAntaratyAga brahmacArI sAdhaka dvArA strI, napuMsaka aura pazuoM ke rahane ke sthAna tathA unake baiThe hue Asana yA Asana vAle sthAna kA tyAga krnaa| isI prakAra jahA~ kAmottejaka yA ratisahavAsa ke zabda sunAI deM, bIca meM kevala eka pardA, TaTTI yA dIvAra ho, aise sthAna kA bhI tyAga krnaa| 2. sarAgastrIkathAtyAga rAga utpanna karane vAlI strI-kathAoM kA tyAga karanA athavA rAgapUrvaka striyoM ke sAtha bAteM karane kA tyAga krnaa| 3. prAratismRtivarjana brahmacarya avasthA svIkAra karane se pUrva anubhava (pUrvaratibilAsasmaraNatyAga) kI huI ratikrIr3A ke smaraNa kA tyAga krnaa| 4. strIramyAMgekSaNa-svAGga-saMskAraparivarjana / strI ke kAmavardhaka aura manohara aMgoM kI ora dekhane tathA apane zarIra para zobhAvarddhaka zrRMgAra prasAdhana yA sajAvaTa kA tyAga krnaa| 5. praNItAtyazanatyAga yA praNItarasabhojanatyAga ati svAdiSTa, pramANa se adhika AhAra kA tyAga krnaa| pataJjali ke yogasUtra meM bhI 'brahmacarya' ko caturtha mahAvrata mAnA gayA hai| bhASyakAra vyAsa ke anusAra guptendriya arthAt upastha kA saMyama 'brahmacarya' kahalAtA hai|' bhAvAgaNeza evaM nAgojIbhaTTa ne aSTavidha maithuna ke tyAga ko 'brahmacarya kahA hai| 5. aparigraha-mahAvrata isakA jaina Agamokta nAma 'sarvaparigraha-viramaNa' hai| mahAvratI sAdhaka ko saMyama kI siddhi hetu mana, vacana aura kAya se bAhya evaM Abhyantara saba prakAra ke parigraha kA tyAga karanA caahie| avidyamAna padArthoM meM bhI dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva se mUrchA hone se mana meM azAMti banI rahatI hai aura mana meM aneka prakAra ke vikalpajAla athavA vikAra uThate rahate haiN| isalie A0 hemacandra ne padArthoM ke tyAga kI apekSA una para hone vAlI mUrchA ke tyAga ko aparigraha kI koTi meM parigaNita kiyA hai| aparigraha kI mahattA kA varNana karate hue A0 zubhacandra likhate haiM ki mana va indriyoM ko svAdhIna karake samasta parigraha se nirmukta sAdhaka hI dhyAna kI dhurA ko dhAraNa kara sakatA 1. brahmacaryaguptendriyasyopasthasya saMyamaH 1- vyAsabhASya, pR0 275 brahmacaryamaSTavidhamaithunanivRttiH / bhAvAgaNezavRtti, pR0 62 brahmacaryamaSTavidhamaithunatyAgaH / nAgezabhaTTavRtti, pR062 4. yogazAstra, 1/24 5. jJAnArNava, 16/41 m

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yoga aura AcAra aparigraha - mahAvrata kI bhAvanAe~" 1. aparigraha - mahAvrata kI surakSA evaM puSTi hetu jaina granthoM meM pAMca bhAvanAoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai sparzanendriyaviSayarAga-dveSavarjana manohara sparzanendriya viSayoM meM rAga tathA apriya sparzanendriya viSayoM meM dveSa kA tyAga karanA / 2. rasanendriyaviSayarAga-dveSavarjana rasanendriya viSayoM meM (vibhinna prakAra ke rasoM meM) rAga-dveSa ghrANendriyaviSayarAga-dveSavarjana 3. 4. cakSurindriyaviSayarAga-dveSavarjana zrotrendriyaviSayarAga-dveSavarjana 1. ra 5. pataJjali ke yogasUtra meM bhI aparigraha pAMcaveM mahAvrata ke rUpa meM svIkRta hai| bhASyakAra vyAsa ke anusAra viSayoM ke arjana, rakSaNa aura kSaya meM saMgadoSa Adi doSoM ko dekhate hue unheM asvIkAra karanA aparigraha hai / 4. yadyapi jaina paramparAgata pAMca mahAvrata pAtaJjalayogasUtrokta pAMca mahAvratoM ke sadRza haiM tathApi jaina paramparA meM unakA vyApaka varNana prastuta huA hai / 5. 6. 7. (kha) samiti-gupti (aSTapravacanamAtA) pAMca mahAvratoM rUpa mUlaguNoM kI rakSA evaM vizuddhi ke lie azubhabhAvoM kI nivRtti evaM zubhabhAvoM meM sAvadhAnIpUrvaka pravRtti atyanta Avazyaka hai| isI uddezya kI siddhi hetu jaina zAstroM meM mUlaguNoM ke pazcAt uttaraguNoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| uttaraguNoM ke antargata guptiyA~ azubha bhAvoM se nivRtti kI tathA samitiyA~ zubha bhAvoM meM samyak pravRtti kI dyotaka haiN| inase sAdhu kA caritra pavitra hotA hai, isalie inako samyakcAritra kahA jAtA hai| samitiyoM evaM guptiyoM kA pAlana karane vAlA sAdhu hI guru-paramparA se prApta jainAgamoM ke sUkSma jJAna ko mAtA ke samAna surakSita rakhane meM samartha ho sakatA hai, isalie zAstroM meM inheM 'aSTapravacanamAtA' ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai / 6 kA tyAga karanA / ghrANendriyaviSayoM meM (sugandha - durgandha Adi meM ) rAga-dveSa kA 1. gupti 'gupti' kA artha hai - gopana karanA, khIMcanA yA dUra karanA / isalie mana, vacana aura kAya kI azubha pravRttiyoM kA nirodha yA nigraha karanA 'gupti' kA lakSaNa batAyA gayA hai| azubha bhAvoM kI nivRtti kA artha tyAga karanA / cakSurindriyaviSayoM (cakSurindriyoM se dekhe jAne vAle vibhinna prakAra ke rUpoM) meM rAgadveSa kA tyAga karanA / zrotrendriyaviSayoM (priya-apriya, komala-kaThora, satya-asatya vacanoM ke zravaNa) meM rAgadveSa kA tyAga karanA / 173 3. piNDassa jA visohI, samiIo, bhAvaNA tavo duviho / paDimA abhiggahA viya uttaraguNao viyANAhi / / - paMcAzakavRtti, 15/31 eyAo paMcasamiIo, caraNassa ya pavattaNe / uttarAdhyayanasUtra. 24/26 yogazAstra, 1 / 32, 33: mUlArAdhanA, 341: tattvArthAdhigamabhASya, 7/3 viSayANAgarjanarakSaNakSayasaMgahiMsAdoSadarzanAdasvIkaraNamaparigrahaH / - vyAsabhASya pR0 278 guttI niyattaNe vuttA, asubhatthesu savvaso / / jJAnArNava, 18/16 : yogazAstra 1/34 yogazAstra 1/45: uttarAdhyayanasUtra. 24/1 (ka) paJcAhuH samitIstistro guptIstriyoganigrahAt / - yogazAstra, 1 / 35 (kha) samyagyoganigraho guptiH / - tattvArthasUtra, 6/4

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana hai - zubha bhAvoM meM pravRtti / zubhabhAvoM meM pravRtti kA artha hai * azubha bhAvoM se nivRtti / isIlie mana Adi ke kuzala bhAvoM ke pravartana evaM akuzala bhAvoM ke nivartana ko 'gupti' kahA gayA hai|' sarvArthasiddhi meM likhA hai ki jisake bala se saMsAra ke kAraNoM se AtmA kA gopana arthAt rakSA hotI hai, vaha 'gupti' hai / ' rAga-dveSAdi kaSAya saMsAra ke mUla kAraNa haiN| isalie inase AtmA kI rakSA karane ke lie A0 zubhacandra evaM hemacandra prabhRti vidvAnoM ne mana, vacana aura kAya kI azubha pravRttiyoM ke nigraha (nirodha) ko gupti kahA hai / 174 kisI bhI prakAra kI pravRtti mana, vacana evaM kAya dvArA saMbhava hone se gupti ke bhI tIna bheda kiye gae haiM- manogupti, vacanagupti aura kAyagupti / 2. samiti jahA~ guptiyoM ke dvArA sAdhanA ke niSedhAtmaka pakSa ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vahA~ samitiyA~ sAdhanA ke vidheyAtmaka pakSa ko prastuta karatI haiN| samitiyA~ sAdhu meM dRr3hatA aura cAritrika vikAsa lAne ke lie mahAvratoM kI rakSA karatI haiM, isalie sAdhuoM ke lie Avazyaka rUpa se pAlanIya haiN| 'samiti' kA artha hai - samyak pravRtti / pApa se bacane ke lie mana kI prazasta ekAgratA 'samiti' kahalAtI hai| abhayadevasUri ke anusAra eka niSThA ke sAtha kI jAne vAlI zubha pravRttiyA~ 'samiti' kahalAtI haiN| A0 hemacandra ke zabdoM meM pAMca prakAra kI ceSTAoM kI tAMtrika saMjJA athavA arhatpravacanAnusAra kI jAne vAlI prazasta ceSTA 'samiti' hai| samitiyoM ke prakAra pAMca prakAra kI ceSTAoM se sambaddha hone se samitiyA~ bhI pAMca prakAra kI mAnI gaI haiM 1. IryAsamiti, 2. bhASAsamiti, 3. eSaNAsamiti, 4. AdAnanikSepasamiti aura 5. utsarga yA vyutsargasamiti / inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai 1. IryAsamiti bhASAsamiti 2. 3. eSaNAsamiti - 1. sthAnAMgasUtra, abhayadevavRtti, 112, pR0 75 2. sarvArthasiddhi, 6/2/786 3. jJAnArNava, 18/4; yogazAstra 1/34 para svopajJavRtti; uttarAdhyayanasUtra 6/20 tattvArthasUtra, 6/4 4. yogazAstra, 1/41-43 - 'IryA' kA artha hai - caryA (gati) aura samiti kA artha hai . samyak pravRttiM karanA / arthAt gamana-kriyA meM samyak pravRtti karanA / vivekapUrvaka svapara ke lie hitakArI, parimita ora asaMdigdha artha ko batAne vAlI doSarahita bhASA kA prayoga karanA / eSaNA kA sAmAnya artha hai - AvazyakatA yA icchA tathA viziSTa artha hai - khoja yA gaveSaNA / saMyatamuni dvArA apanI AvazyakatAoM ko sImita karate hue vivekapUrNa AhArAdi grahaNa karanA / sthAnAMgasUtra, abhayadevavRtti, patra 343, pR0 226 5. 6. yogazAstra, 1 / 34 para svopajJavRtti 7. jJAnArNava, 18/3. yogazAstra, 1 / 35 jJAnArNava, 18/5-7 yogazAstra, 1 / 36 evaM svo0 vR0 8. 6. jJAnArNava, 18/8, 6: yogazAstra 1/37 10. jJAnArNava, 18 / 10,11: yogazAstra, 1 / 38 -

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yoga aura AcAra 175 4. AdAnanikSepa- zayyA va AsanAdi upakaraNoM tathA zAstra ke upakaraNoM ko AMkhoM samiti se pratilekhana (dekhakara) tathA pramArjana karake sAvadhAnIpUrvaka lenA athavA rkhnaa| 5. utsarga yA vyutsarga- jIva-jantuoM se rahita jamIna para kapha, malamUtrAdi kA sAvadhAnIsamiti' pUrvaka tyAga krnaa| pataJjali ne mahAvratoM ke pAlana ke mUla meM lobha, krodha aura moha ke sabhI prakAroM (27-27-27) ke prati pratipakSa bhAvanA ko samRddha karane kI carcA kI hai| usI ke samAnAntara jaina-paramparA meM ina guptiyoM aura samitiyoM kI carcA spaSTIkaraNa kI dRSTi se kI gaI hai| (ga) dvAdazAnuprekSA yA dvAdazabhAvanA mokSamArga meM pravRtta sAdhaka ko zithilatA, zrAnti athavA klAnti kA anubhava na ho, usameM sadA sphUrti banI rahe, isa dRSTi se jaina zAstrakAroM ne anuprekSAoM ke cintana kI prarUpaNA kI hai| anuprekSA kA artha hai - gahana cintana karanA aura mana, citta tathA caitanya ko usa viSaya meM lIna karanA, una saMskAroM ko dRr3ha krnaa| anuprekSAoM kA bAra-bAra cintana-manana karake sAdhaka saMskAroM se apanI AtmA ko bhAvita karatA hai, isalie anuprekSAoM ko bhAvanA bhI kahA jAtA hai| anuprekSA aura bhAvanA donoM zabda ekArthavAcI haiN| A0 zubhacandra evaM hemacandra ke matAnusAra samatva ke upAyabhUta nirmamatva ko jAgRta karane ke lie bhAvazaddhi honI Avazyaka hai| ataH Atma-pariNAmoM ko vizuddha rakhane ke lie vItarAga prarUpita bhAvanAoM kA cintana karanA caahie| jisaprakAra mahAvata upadrava se rakSA karane ke lie balavAna hAthI ko AlAnastambha (hAthI ko bAMdhane kA khambhA) se bAMdha kara rakhatA hai, usIprakAra munijana viSayoM Adi se mana kA saMrakSaNa karane tathA dharmAnurAga kI vRddhi hetu bhAvanAoM ko mana meM bAMdhakara rakhate haiN| arthAt mana se nirantara unakA cintana karate haiN| A0 zubhacandra ne anityAdi bAraha bhAvanAoM ko mokSa rUpa prAsAda kI sopAna paMkti ke samAna mAnate hue inakI prazaMsA kI hai| dvAdazabhAvanAoM kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai - 1. anitya-bhAvanA tInoM lokoM meM vidyamAna cetana aura acetana sabhI padArtha anitya haiN| dhana, vaibhava, sattA, parivAra Adi saba kSaNabhaMgura haiM. aisA punaH-punaH ciMtana krnaa| 1. jJAnArNava, 28/12.13; yogazAstra, 1/36 2. jJAnArNava, 18/14; yogazAstra, 1/40 (ka) aNuppehA NAma jo maNasA pariyaTTei No vaayaae| - dazavaikAlikacUrNi, pR0 26 (kha) zarIrAdInAM svbhaavaanucintnmnuprekssaa|- sarvArthasiddhi. 6/2/406 (ga) parijJAtArthasya ekAgreNa manasA yatpunaH punaH abhyasanaM anuzIlanaM saanuprekssaa| -kArtikeyAnuprekSA TIkA, 466 pAsanAhacariya, 5/460 jJAnArNava, 2/4.5, yogazAstra, 4/55 jJAnArNava. 2/6 jJAnArNava, 2/7 8. jJAnArNava. 2/8-160; yogazAstra, 4/57-106 us

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176 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 6. 10. 11. 12. azaraNa-bhAvanA saMsAra-bhAvanA ekatva-bhAvanA anyatva-bhAvanA - bhAvanA Asrava bhAvanA saMvara-bhAvanA nirjarA-bhAvanA pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana anitya saMsAra meM aneka kAraNoM se utpanna duHkhoM se AkrAnta jIva ko zaraNa dene vAlA koI nahIM hai| mRtyu ke anivArya caMgula se use koI nahIM bacA sakatA, kevala zubha dharma hI zaraNa de sakatA hai, isaprakAra azaraNatA kA vicAra karate hue saMsAra se virakta ho jAnA / sAgara meM gote khAte hue isa AtmA ne sampUrNa bhavoM ko bhogA hai| isameM se maiM kaba chUTUMgA ? yaha saMsAra merA nahIM hai| maiM mokSamaya huuN| isa prakAra saMsAra ke yathArtha svarUpa kA cintana | isa durgama saMsAra rUpa marusthala yaha jIva akelA hI paribhramaNa karatA hai, akelA hI paidA hotA hai, akelA hI maratA hai aura akelA hI janma-janmAntara ke saMcita karmoM ko bhogatA hai| paraloka kI mahAyAtrA use akele hI karanI par3atI hai, aisA cintana karanA / AtmA svabhAva se zarIrAdi se bhinna hai| zarIra se bhinna AtmA kA bandhu bAndhava, mitra Adi se bhI kucha sambandha nahIM hai| isa prakAra jagata ke samasta padArthoM va zarIrAdi se AtmA ko bhinna mAnate hue usakA bAra-bAra cintana karanA / svabhAva se malina yaha zarIra aneka durgandhita, apavitra athavA nindanIya padArthoM se banA hai| ataH zarIra saMbaMdhI moha ko naSTa karane ke lie zarIra kI azucitA kA punaH cintana karanA / mana, vacana, kAya ke vyApAra rUpa yoga ko Asrava kahate haiM, kyoMki inhIM tIna yogoM se karma AtmA meM praviSTa hote haiM, arthAt karmoM kA Asrava hotA hai| zubha evaM azubha karmAsrava ke kAraNoM kA cintana karanA / jaise Asrava-bhAvanA meM karmoM ke Ane ke kAraNoM para vicAra kiyA jAtA. hai usIprakAra saMvara-bhAvanA meM karmoM ke Agamana ko rokane ke upAyoM kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| Asrava ke nirodha rUpa saMvara kA bAra-bAra cintana karanA / pUrvasaMcita karmoM ko naSTa karanA nirjarA hai| jisakA mukhya hetu tapa hai| nirjarA ke hetubhUta tapa tathA usake pariNAma rUpa AtmA ke zuddha-nirmala svarUpa kA cintana karanA / dharma-bhAvanA jo vizva ko pavitra karatA hai, va use dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha dharma hai / dharma ke svarUpa aura usakI mahimA kA cintana karanA / loka-bhAvanA loka ke svarUpa tathA usakI utpatti evaM vinAza ke viSaya meM cintana karanA / bodhi- durlabha bhAvanA saMsAra meM bhaTakate hue AtmA ko samyak jJAna prApta honA durlabha hai aura yadi samyaka jJAna kI prApti ho bhI jAe to sarvavirati rUpa cAritra kI prApti kaThina hai| isa prakAra samyakjJAna arthAt bodhi kI durlabhatA kA bAra-bAra cintana karanA /

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yoga aura AcAra 177 ina bAraha bhAvanAoM se jisakA mana nirantara bhAvita rahatA hai, vaha sabhI bhAvoM para mamatArahita hokara samabhAva kA avalambana letA hai| jaba jIva samatAbhAva se yukta ho jAtA hai, taba jIva ke samasta kaSAya naSTa ho jAte haiN| kaSAya rUpI agni ke vilIna ho jAne se jJAna rUpI dIpaka vikasita ho jAtA hai| ataH jIva ko nirAkula, avinazvara, atIndriya sukha pradAna karane vAlI ina bhAvanAoM kA cintana avazya karanA caahie| jaina-paramparA meM varNita dvAdaza anuprekSAoM/bhAvanAoM ke samakakSa pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM yama-niyama kI pratipakSI vighna (virodhI) bhAvanAoM kA avalambana lene kI carcA milatI hai| vizeSatA itanI hai ki pataJjali ne bhAvanAoM ke nAma, saMkhyA Adi kA nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA, jabaki jainayoga-sAdhanA meM inheM viziSTa sthAna pradAna kiyA gayA hai| __ jaina-paramparA ke sadRza pAtaJjalayogadarzana meM bhI bhAvanA aura jIva kA ghaniSTha sambandha darzAyA gayA hai| usake anusAra bhAvanAoM kA cintana karane se Atma-zuddhi hotI hai, citta prasanna rahatA hai| citta ke prasanna rahane se buddhi sthira hotI hai aura citta kI ekAgratA banI rahatI hai| isalie vahA~ Izvara kA bAra-bAra japa karane kA vidhAna prastuta kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki japa ke pazcAt Izvara kI bhAvanA karanI cAhie aura Izvara-bhAvanA ke pazcAta punaH japa, isa prakAra bAra-bAra AvRtti karate rahane se paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| (gha) SaDAvazyaka _ 'Avazyaka' jaina sAdhanA kA mukhya aMga hai| jisa prakAra zrAvaka ke lie deva-pUjA, guru-sevA Adi cha: nitya karmoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra zramaNa ke lie chaH Avazyaka kriyAoM kA vidhAna prastuta haA hai, jise jaina pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM 'SaDAvazyaka' kahA gayA hai| 'Avazyaka' zabda 'avaza' se vyutpanna hai, jisakA artha hai - "kaSAyoM se svtntrtaa'| jo sAdhu dUsaroM ke adhIna rahatA hai, vaha ina Avazyaka karmoM kA pAlana nahIM kara sktaa| parantu jo yathArthataH sAdhu hai, usake lie ina karmoM kA pAlana karanA Avazyaka hotA hai| guNoM se zUnya AtmA ko jo guNoM se pUrNa rUpa se vAsita kare arthAt guNoM se yukta kare, vaha bhI 'Avazyaka' kahalAtA hai|12 jaina zAstroM meM Avazyaka ke cha: aMga mAne gaye haiM, jinake nAma va svarUpa isa prakAra haiM - bhAvanAbhiravizrAntimiti bhAvitamAnasaH / nirmamaH sarvabhAveSu, smtvmvlmbte|| - yogazAstra, 4/110 jJAnArNaya, 2/162; yogazAstra, 4/11 jJAnArNava, 2/161 4. vitarkabAdhane prtipkssbhaavnm| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra. 2/33 maitrIkaruNAmuditopekSANAm sukhaduHkhapuNyApuNyaviSayANAM bhaavnaatshcittprsaadnm|- pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/33 prasannamekAgraM sthitipadaM lbhte|- vyAsabhASya, pR0 113 tjjpstdrthbhaavnm|- pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/28 praNavasya japaH praNavAbhidheyasya cezvarasya bhAvanam / tadasya yoginaH praNavaM japataH praNavArtha ca bhAvayatazcittamekAgram sNpdyte| tathA coktam - svAdhyAyAt yogamAsIta yogaatsvaadhyaaymaaste| svAdhyAyayogasaMpattyA paramAtmA prkaashte|| - vyAsabhASya, pR065-66 mUlAcAra, 22; uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26/2-4; niyamasAra, 141 10. niyamasAra, 142, mUlAcAra, 515, anagAradharmAmRta, 8/16 11. niyamasAra, 143 12. jJAnAdiguNa-kadambakaM mokSo vA AsamantAd vazyaM kriyte'nenetyaavshykm| -AvazyakasUtra, malayagiriTIkA, pR066

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178 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 1. sAmAyika sama upasarga parvaka gatyarthaka.DaNa' dhAta se 'samaya' zabTa kI niSpatti mAnI gaI hai| sama arthAta ekIbhAva aya arthAt gamana yAni ekIbhAva dvArA bAhyAbhimukhatA se antarmukhatA kI ora gamana karanA 'samaya' hai aura samaya kA bhAva 'sAmAyika' hai| 'sama' kA artha rAga-dveSa meM madhyastha rahanA bhI hai| ataH madhyastha bhAvayukta sAdhaka kI mokSa ke prati jo abhimukhatA hai, vaha sAmAyika hai| A0 hemacandra ke anusAra Arta evaM raudraha yAna kA tyAga karake dharmadhyAna kA avalambana lekara zatru-mitra, tRNa-svarNa Adi meM samabhAva rakhanA 'sAmAyika' hai| cUMki samyaktva, zruta aura cAritra dvArA hI samabhAva meM sthira rahA jA sakatA hai isalie zAstroM meM sAmAyika ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM - 1. samyaktva sAmAyika, 2. zruta sAmAyika, 3. cAritra sAmAyika sAmAyika se jIva saba prakAra kI pApAtmaka vRttiyoM se virakta ho jAtA hai| 2. caturviMzatistava sAvadyayoga se nivRtta hokara samabhAva meM sthira hone ke lie kisI Alambana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, isIlie jaina zAstroM meM 'caturviMzatistava' nAmaka dvitIya Avazyaka kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| jainadharma ke pravartaka evaM upadezaka 24 tIrthaMkaroM evaM siddhoM kI stuti karanA 'caturviMzatistava' kahalAtA hai| Ao hemacandra likhate haiM ki ca~ki ye caubIsa tIrthaMkara eka hI kSetra meM aura vartamAna avasarpiNI rUpI eka kAla meM hue haiM, ataH Asanna (nikaTa) upakArI hone se unakI stuti karanA parama Avazyaka hai| vItarAga tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti karane se darzana kI vizuddhi hotI hai| jIva ko AdhyAtmika bala milatA hai tathA sAdhanA kA mArga prazasta hotA hai, Antarika cetanA jAgRta hotI hai| 3. vandanA tIrthaMkara ke pazcAt dUsarA sthAna guru kA mAnA gayA hai, isalie tIrthaMkara kI stuti ke sAtha-sAtha gurutva ko bhI Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| mana, vacana evaM kAya kI zuddhipUrvaka sarvAtmanA sadaguru ko abhivAdana karanA 'vandanA' kahalAtA hai| guruvandanA se nIca gotrakarma kA kSaya aura ucca gotrakarma kA bandha hotA hai tathA jIva ko apratihata saubhAgya va sarvatra AdarabhAva prApta hotA hai| 4. pratikramaNa prati upasagapUrvaka kram' dhAtu ke sAtha bhAva artha meM anaT pratyaya lagane se vyutpanna 'pratikramaNa' zabda kA artha hai vApisa lauTanA / A0 hemacandra ke zabdoM meM zubhayoga se azubhayoga meM gae hue AtmA kA phira se OM 1. sarvArthasiddhi.7/21 2. (ka) samorAga-dveSayorapAntarAlavartI madhyasthaH, iN gatau', ayanaM ayo, gamanamityarthaH, samasya ayaH samAyaH samIbhUtasya sato mokSAdhvani pravRttiH, samAya eva saamaayikm|-aavshyksuutr, gA0854 para malayagiriTIkA, pR0 474 (kha) vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 3477 Avazyakaniyukti gA0766 ___ sAmAieNaM sAvajjajogaviraI jnnyi|- uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26/8 (ka) caturvizatInAM tIrthakRtAmapyanyeSAM ca stavAbhidhAyI cturviNshtistvH| - tattvArthAdhigamabhASya, haribhadravRtti, 1/20 (kha) caturvizatestIrthakarANAM nAmotkIrtanapUrvakaM stavo guNakIrtanam, tasya ca kAyotsarge manasA'nudhyAnaM zeSakAlaM vyaktavarNapAThaH / -yogazAstra, 3/130 para svo0 vR0 yogazAstra. 3/123 para svo0 vR0 cauvvIsatthaeNaM daMsaNavisohiM jnnyi| - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26/6 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26/10 je

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yoga aura AcAra 179 zubhayoga meM vApisa lauTa AnA 'pratikramaNa hai| vastutaH dhArmika kriyAoM meM pramAda Adi ke kAraNa yA zuddhopayoga ke abhAva meM asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa doSa lagane para unakI nivRtti ke lie dina meM do yA tIna bAra pratikramaNa karane kA vidhAna hai, parantu A0 haribhadra likhate haiM ki yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki doSa lagane para hI pratikramaNa kiyA jaaye| doSoM ke abhAva meM bhI pratikramaNa karane se jJAna, darzana aura cAritra Adi AtmaguNoM kI vRddhi hotI hai| unhoMne pratikramaNa ko adhyAtma ke antargata parigaNita kiyA hai| 5. kAyotsarga ___ kAyotsarga kA sAmAnya artha hai - kAya yAni zarIra kA utsarga arthAt tyAga karanA / lekina jIvita rahate hue zarIra kA tyAga karanA ucita nahIM, isalie yahA~ isakA artha bhinna hai| yahA~ zarIra-tyAga kA artha hai - zArIrika caMcalatA kA tyaag| zarIra se jinamudrA meM khar3e hokara athavA ekAgratApUrvaka sthira hokara baiThanA, zabda se mauna rahanA aura mana se zubha dhyAna karanA tathA mana, vacana, kAya kI samagra pravRttiyoM kA tyAga karanA kAyotsarga kahalAtA hai| jaina zAstroM meM kAyotsarga ko atyanta mahattA pradAna kI gaI hai| isake dvArA atIta aura vartamAna kAla ke prAyazcitta yogya doSoM kI zuddhi hotI hai aura jIva prazastadhyAna meM lIna hokara sukhapUrvaka vicaraNa karatA hai| A0 hemacandra ke anusAra kAyotsarga se karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai| 6. pratyAkhyAna prati+A+khyAna, ina tIna zabdoM ke yoga se 'pratyAkhyAna' zabda vyutpanna huA hai| prati- pratikUla pravRtti, A - maryAdApUrvaka aura khyAna - kathana karanA, arthAt anAdikAla se vibhAvadazA meM rahe hue AtmA ke dvArA vartamAna svabhAva se pratikUla maryAdAoM kA tyAga karake anukUla maryAdAoM ko svIkAra karanA, pratyAkhyAna yA paccakkhANa kahalAtA hai| pratyAkhyAna se karmAsrava kA nirodha hotA hai, saMyama kI vRddhi hotI hai, viSaya-tRSNA kA uccheda hotA hai aura pUrvakRta karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai| anta meM sAdhaka eka dina kevalajJAna prApta kara letA hai| kevalajJAna se zAzvata sukha mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| isaprakAra paramparA se 'pratyAkhyAna' mokSa phaladAtA hai| sAdhanA kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para 'SaDAvazyaka' ko eka sampUrNa adhyAtmayoga-sAdhanA.kI bhUmikA kahA jA sakatA hai| isameM haribhadra ke adhyAtmAdi pAMca yoga evaM pataJjali ke aSTAMgayoga kA samAveza ho jAtA hai / SaDAvazyaka kA prathama aMga sAmAyika samatAyoga hai| caturviMzatistava aura guruvaMdana adhyAtmayoga ke hI prakAra haiN| pratikramaNa se doSoM kA parimArjana hotA hai| kAyotsarga bhAvanA aura dhyAna kA hI prakAra hai| pratyAkhyAna 'vRttisaMkSayayoga' hai| isIprakAra SaDAvazyaka-sAdhanA meM hI pataJjali ke aSTAMgayoga kI sAdhanA bhI samAhita ho sakatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina-sAdhanA-paddhati meM pratidina SaDAvazyaka-sAdhanA kA vidhAna prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 1. yogazAstra, 3/126 para svo0 vRkSa 2. pratikramaNamapyeva sati doSe prmaadtH| tRtIyauSadhakalpatyAda dvisndhymthvaa'sti|| - yogabindu. 400 yogazAstra. 3/126 para svo0 vR0 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26/12 yogazAstra. 3/126 para svo0 vR0 vahI. 7. vahI * ja

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180 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 1. (Ga) dazavidha dharma jainAcAryoM ne zramaNa kI saMyama-sAdhanA ko sthiratA pradAna karane evaM AtmavikAsa hetu dazavidha dharmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinheM tattvArthasUtrakAra umAsvAti ne 'uttamadharma kahA hai| isa vizeSaNa ke lagAne kA eka mukhya abhiprAya hai - ina dharmoM kA viziSTa bhAva se AcaraNa krnaa| AcArya umAsvAti ke anusAra uttamaguNoM se yukta ye dazavidha dharma anagAra sAdhu meM prakarSatayA pAe jAte haiN| ye dazadharma isa prakAra haiM - kSamA krodha kA tyAga karanA, samabhAva rkhnaa| mArdava mAna-kaSAya kA nigraha karanA, namratA dhAraNa krnaa| Arjava kapaTabhAva na rakhanA, saralabhAva se rhnaa| zauca lobha-kaSAya kA tyaag| satya kaSTa par3ane para bhI asatya bhASaNa na krnaa| saMyama cha: kAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA karanA, mana, vacana aura kAya ko vaza meM krnaa| 12 prakAra ke tapa kA AcaraNa karanA tathA ajJAnatapa kA tyAga krnaa| tyAga bhAva-doSoM kA prityaag| akiMcanya zarIra aura saMyamopakaraNa meM bhI mamatvabhAva na rkhnaa| brahmacarya kAmottejaka vastuoM kA tyAga karate hue zIlavrata kA pAlana krnaa| vastutaH ukta dazadharmoM kA vratoM evaM samiti, gupti Adi ke antargata samAveza ho jAtA hai, tathApi samiti, gupti aura mahAvratoM meM doSa na lage, isalie inakA pRthaka kathana kiyA gayA hai| ina dazavidha uttama dharmoM ke pAlana se pUrvasaMcita rAga-dveSa, mohAdi kA alpakAla meM hI upazamana ho jAtA hai tathA ahaMkAra, parISaha, kaSAya kA bhI bhedana ho jAtA hai| isaprakAra ye dazavidha dharma bAhyAcaraNa kI apekSA AbhyaMtara parimANoM evaM bhAvoM kI zaddhatA para atyadhika bala dete haiM, jo yoga-sAdhanA meM bhI apekSita haiM / ataH yoga-sAdhanA kI dRSTi se inakA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| tapa * 500 (ca) parISahajaya parISaha zabda anvartha hai| pariSote iti parISahAH' arthAt jo sahana karane yogya haiM, ve parISaha kahalAte haiN| sAdhanA ke samaya sAdhaka ke samakSa aneka prakAra kI vighna-bAdhAe~ upasthita hotI haiM, jinheM 'parISaha kahA jAtA hai| sAdhanA-mArga meM upasthita vighnoM ko pAra kiye binA jo jJAna prApta kiyA jAtA hai vaha punaH vighnoM ke upasthita hone para naSTa ho jAtA hai| isalie jaina-sAdhanA-paddhati meM muni ko yathAzakti duHkha sahana karane athavA vighnoM ko jhelane kI sAmarthya utpanna karAne ke lie parISahoM para vijaya prApta karane kA vidhAna hai| jainazAstroM meM kahA gayA hai ki mokSa-mArga se cyuta (patita) na hone tathA karmoM kI nirjarA ke lie parISahoM ko sahanA Avazyaka hai| parISahoM ko sahana kiye binA na to AtmasvarUpa kA yathArtha jJAna hotA hai aura na hI citta ko sthira kiyA jA sakatA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa sAdhaka dhyAna karane meM bhI samartha nahIM ho paataa| 1. sthAnAMgasUtra, 10/14; samavAyAMgasUtra, 10/1; viMzativiMzikA 11/2 2. uttamakSamAmArdavArjavazaucasatyasaMyamatapastyAgAkiMcanyabrahmacaryANi dhrmH| - tattvArthasUtra. 6/6 ityeSa dazavidho'nagAradharmaH uttamaguNaprakarSayukto bhvti| - tattvArthAdhigamabhASya. 6/6. pR0 384 4. tattvArthasUtra. 6/8

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yoga aura AcAra ataH sAdhaka ko mokSamArga meM upasthita hone vAle parISahoM ko nibharyatApUrvaka, jinabhagavAn kI bhakti meM tallIna hokara AnandapUrvaka sahana karanA cAhie / yadyapi parISahoM kI saMkhyA ke saMbaMdha meM saMkSepa meM kama aura vistAra meM adhika kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai, tathApi tyAga ke vikAsa ke lie jaina Agama evaM AgamottaravartI sAhitya meM vizeSa rUpa se bAIsa parISaha batAe gaye haiM, jinake nAma haiM 1. kSudhA 2. pipAsA, 3. zIta, 4. uSNa, 5. daMzamazaka, 6. acelakatva, 7. arati, 8. strI, 6. caryA, 10. niSadyA, 11. zayyA, 12. Akroza, 13. vadha, 14. yAcanA, 15 alAbha, 16. roga, 17. tRNasparza, 18. mala, 16. satkAra, 20. prajJA, 21. ajJAna aura 22 adarzana / ' ukta pariSahoM ko jAnakara jo muni samatvabhAva se inako sahana karatA hai, vahI saMvara-dharma kA ArAdhaka hotA hai aura karmoM kI nirjarA karane meM samartha hotA hai / jisa prakAra jaina paramparA meM parISahoM ko sAdhanAmArga meM vighna svarUpa mAnA hai, usIprakAra pAtaJjalayoga meM bhI yogasAdhanA ke mArga meM bAdhaka antarAyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| pataJjali ke anusAra ye antarAya cittavikSepa rUpa huA karate haiM tathA saMkhyA meM 6 haiM - vyAdhi, styAna ( citta kI akarmaNyatA), saMzaya, pramAda, Alasya, virati, bhrAnti-darzana (aviveka), alabdha bhUmikatva (samAdhi kI pUrva bhUmikAoM kI aprApti) aura anavasthitatva (citta kI sthiratA kA abhAva ) / kabhI-kabhI ina nau antarAyoM ke sAtha-sAtha vividha duHkha, icchAoM kI apUrNatA ke kAraNa citta meM vikSobha, zarIra meM kampana evaM zvAsa-prazvAsa kI asthiratA bhI antarAya ke rUpa meM upasthita hote haiN| ye sabhI antarAya samAdhi-sAdhanA ke virodhI haiM, isalie abhyAsa aura vairAgya dvArA ina para vijaya pAne arthAt nirodha karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| i. jainayoga aura AcAra kA AdhAra : karmasiddhAnta karma kA artha karma kA zAbdika artha kAya, pravRtti yA kriyA hai| jo kucha bhI jIva dvArA kiyA jAtA hai vaha 'karma' hai| yogadarzana meM saMskAra ke artha meM 'karma' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| jaina paramparA meM 'karma' kA kriyA rUpa artha bhAvakarma ke rUpa meM mAnya hai, kintu dravya rUpa meM kriyA dvArA ajIva dravya pudgala kA AtmA ke saMsarga meM Akara AtmA ko baMdhana meM DAlanA hai| jIva AtmA ke dvArA kRta hone se vaha 'karma' kahA jAtA hai / 5 jaina-paramparAnusAra 'karma' kevala manuSyakRta prayatna hI nahIM hai apitu niHsvabhAva niyamana mAtra bhI hai| 'karma' vastutaH jar3a padArtha hai aura AtmA ke samAna hI svAdhIna evaM jIva-virodhI dravya hai| jainamatAnusAra karma eka aisA vizvavyApI - jAgatika vyApAra hai, jisake kAraNa saMsAra cakra pravAhita hai / jagata kI naitika suvyavasthA kA mUla kAraNa karma siddhAnta hai, jise pratyeka darzana svIkAra karatA hai| jIva dvArA jo kucha bhI kArya kiyA jAtA hai usakA phala avazya utpanna hotA hai, usakA nAza kathamapi nahIM hotA aura jisa phala kA hama vartamAna meM bhoga kara rahe haiM, vaha pUrva janma ke kie gae karma kA hI pariNAma hai|" yoga kA AdhAra AcAra hai aura AcAra karma siddhAnta para AdhRta hai / 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 181 tattvArthasUtra, 6/ 2: uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 2: yogazAstra, 3/152 para svopajJa vR0 pAtaJjalayogasUtra. 1 / 30 duHkhadaurmanasyAMgamejayatvazvAsaprazvAsA vikSepasahabhuvaH / pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1 / 31 athaite vikSepAH samAdhipratipakSAstAbhyAmevAbhyAsavairAgyAbhyAM niroddhavyAH / - vyAsabhASya 1 / 32 kI avataraNikA karmagrantha, devendrasUri, bhA0 1, gA0 1 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 4 / 3 bhAratIya darzana, baladeva upAdhyAya, pR0 22-23 ( upodghAta)

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182 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jaina AcAra kA pramukha AdhAra bhI karma-siddhAnta hI hai| AcAra ke lie karmasiddhAnta utanA hI Avazyaka hai jitanA vijJAna kA kArya-kAraNa-siddhAnta / karma manuSya ko bhAgyavAdI evaM nirAza banane se rokatA hai, aura use zubhakarma kI ora prerita karatA hai| zubha dhArmika kriyAoM ke AcaraNa se manuSya duHkha tathA janma-maraNa ke bandhana se mukti pAne meM saphala hotA hai| isa dRSTi se karma-siddhAnta kA jJAna zuddha AtmA kI upalabdhi meM sahAyaka hai| ___ pAtaJjalayogasUtra ke anusAra saMsAra ke samasta bandhanoM kA eka mAtra kAraNa avidyA hai| avidyA ke kAraNa hI isa jagata meM prANI mAtra kA janma-maraNa huA karatA hai| avidyA hI samasta klezoM kI jananI hai| avidyA ke kAraNa hI prANI karma-cakra meM phaMsatA hai| karma-cakra kA niyamana karma-siddhAnta ke anusAra hotA hai| jIva aura karma A0 haribhadra ke anusAra karma-pudgala ko AkRSTa karanA, unase sambaddha honA AtmA kI yogyatA hai| AtmA aura pudgaloM ke saMyoga kI paramparA bhI pravAha rUpa meM anAdi hai, kyoMki AtmA aura karma kA sambandha svarNa tathA mRttikA-piNDa ke sambandha ke samAna anAdi hai| AtmA aura karma kA sambandha anAdikAlIna hone para bhI donoM svabhAva se sarvathA eka dUsare se bhinna-bhinna haiN| ___ jIva yathArthataH zuddha vastra ke samAna nirmala evaM nirdoSa hai, parantu karmoM ke saMyoga se usakA yathArtha svarUpa AcchAdita ho jAtA hai aura vaha bandhana meM par3a jAtA hai| jaise hI karmoM kA AvaraNa haTa jAtA hai sAMsArika jIva mukta ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra jIva kI saMsArAvasthA aura muktAvasthA AtmA aura karmapudagaloM ke svabhAva para Azrita hai| karmoM ke bheda __ yogasUtra ke anusAra karma cAra hote haiM - kRSNa, zukla, zukla-kRSNa aura azukla-akRSNa / 'kRSNakarma' tamovardhaka hote haiN| kevala duHkha dene se durAtmAoM ke karma 'kRSNakarma' kahalAte haiN| zuklakama' sattvavardhaka hote haiN| svAdhyAya evaM tapa meM saMlagna sAdhakoM ke vAk aura manas dvArA kie gae puNya karmoM ko 'zuklakarma' kahate haiN| dakSiNA, dAnAdi karma 'zukla-kRSNa' kahalAte haiM jo acche uddezya se kie jAne para bhI bAhya sAdhanoM kA Azraya lene se dUsare prANiyoM ko kucha na kucha hAni pahu~cAte hI haiN| cU~ki yogiyoM ke karma bAhya sAdhanoM se saMpAdita nahIM hote, isalie kRSNa nahIM hote aura yogI apane kartRtva kA abhimAna chor3akara yA karmoM ke phala ko Izvara meM samarpita kara karma karate haiM, isalie unake karma zukla bhI nahIM hote| isa prakAra unake karma azakla-akRSNa haA karate haiN| pataJjali kA ukta karma-vibhAjana jaina-paramparA ke lezyA varNana se prabhAvita pratIta hotA hai| jainazAstroM meM karma kI ATha mUla prakRtiyoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai jo prANI ko vibhinna prakAra ke anukUla evaM pratikUla phala pradAna karatI haiN| unake nAma haiM - 1. jJAnAvaraNIya, 2. darzanAvaraNIya 3. vedanIya, pravacanasAra, 2/34 yogazataka, 11 yogazataka, 57: yogabindu. 164; paMcAdhyAyI, 2/55 yogazataka, 54 yogabindu.6 pAtaJjalayogasUtra,4/7 7. paMcAdhyAyI, 2/666

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yoga aura AcAra 4. mohanIya, 5. AyuSya, 6. nAma, 7. gotra aura 8. antarAya / inameM se jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura nAma ye cAra ghAtIkarma haiM, kyoMki ve AtmA ke svAbhAvika guNoM kA ghAta karate haiN| zeSa cAra aghAtIkarma kahalAte haiM, kyoMki ve AtmA ke guNoM kA ghAta nahIM karate / - karma vipAka pAtaJjalayogasUtra ke anusAra karmaprakRti kI viziSTa athavA vividha prakAra kI zakti aura phala dene meM abhimukhaM hone ko 'vipAka' kahate haiN| jainamatAnusAra viziSTa yA nAnA prakAra ke pAka kA nAma 'vipAka' hai| krodha, lobha, moha Adi kaSAyoM ke tIvra, manda Adi rUpa bhAvAsrava ke bheda se viziSTa pAka kA honA 'vipAka' hai, athavA dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava aura bhAva lakSaNa ke nimitta se utpanna huA vaizya rUpa nAnA prakAra kA pAka 'vipAka' hai| karma vipAka ke prakAra maharSi pataJjali ke anusAra zubhAzubhakarma kA phala kevala sukha yA dukha kI anubhUti rUpa meM pratIta hotA hai| deva, manuSya, pazu, tiryak, Adi nAnAvidha yoniyoM meM se utkRSTa athavA apakRSTa yoni ko dIrghakAla athavA alpakAla paryanta dhAraNa karanA bhI karmAdhIna hai, kyoMki karma ke mukhya phala sukha-duHkha ke bhogArtha bhogAyatana zarIra kI nizcita kAla paryanta sthiti mAnI gaI hai| isa dRSTi se pAtaJjalayogadarzana meM karma vipAka ke tIna bheda kie gae haiM- jAtivipAka, AyurvipAka tathA bhogavipAka / 'jAti' zabda kA artha vyAkhyAkAroM ne janma athavA devAdi yoni kiyA hai| vastutaH devAdi koTi ke zarIroM ke puruSa kA aupAdhika sambandha 'janma' hai| isa prakAra ke aupAdhika sambandha kI nizcita kAla paryanta sthiti 'Ayu' hai / sukha-duHkhAtmaka zabdAdi vRtti 'bhoga' hai| jaina meM karma prakRtiyoM kI saMkhyA ATha hone se karma vipAka ke prakAroM kI saMkhyA bhI ATha mAnI gaI hai / upA0 yazovijaya pataJjali dvArA karma vipAka ko tIna kI saMkhyA meM niyata karane para AkSepa karate hue kahate haiM ki kevala jAti (janma) kA hI nahIM apitu maraNa kA bhI vipAka hotA hai| unake mata meM vipAka rUpa janma se abhipreta hai- gatinAma, jAtinAma Adi nAmakarmoM dvArA utpAdita jIva paryAya / Ayu jIvana kA paryAya hai jo manuSya, nAraka, deva, tiryaMca - cAra prakAra se phalita hotA hai, isalie ina cAra gatiyoM ke utpAdaka 'Ayukarma ko bhI cAra prakAra kA mAnanA caahie| jAti va Ayu ko chor3akara zeSa chaH karma ke vipAka rUpa phala bhoga kahe jAte haiN| isalie karma vipAka bhI karma prakRtiyoM ke AdhAra para ATha prakAra ke mAne jAne cAhiye / 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 6. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 33 / 2.3 paMcAdhyAyI, 2/668 vahI, 2 / 666 satsu kuzaleSu karmAzayo vipAkArambhI bhavati / .. karmAzayo vipAkaprarohI bhavati / vyAsabhASya, pR0 165 sarvArthasiddhi 8/21/368 sati mUle tadvipAko jAtyAyurbhogAH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/13 bhojavRtti, pR0 73 183 pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/13 para yazovijayavRtti, pR0 22-23 pAtaJjalayogasUtra. 2/13 para yazovijayavRtti, pR0 23

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184 karmoM kI avasthAe~ jaina- paramparA meM karmoM kI vibhinna avasthAoM para gahanatA se vicAra huA hai| pramukha rUpa se ina avasthAoM kI saMkhyA daza mAnI gaI hai' - - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 6. 10. bandha saMkramaNa udvartanA apavartanA sattA udaya udIraNA upazamana nidhatti pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kaSAya evaM yoga ke phalasvarUpa karma-paramANuoM ke Atma-pradeza se hone vAlA sambandha / jaina-karma-siddhAntAnusAra eka karma prakRti kA dUsarI sajAtIya karmaprakRti meM parivartita honA / AtmA dvArA navIna bandha karate samaya pUrvabaddha karmoM kI kAla-maryAdA aura tIvratA ko bar3hAne kI prakriyA | navIna bandha karate samaya pUrvabaddha karmoM kI kAla maryAdA aura tIvratA ko ghaTAnA / bandhane ke bAda karma kA phala turanta nahIM milatA, kucha samaya pazcAt milatA hai| karma jaba taka phala na dekara astitva rUpa meM rahatA hai taba taka kI sthiti / vaha avasthA, jaba karma apanA phala denA prArambha kara dete haiN| niyata kAla ke pUrva hI prayAsapUrvaka udaya meM lAkara karmoM ke phaloM ko bhoga lenA / karmoM ke vidyamAna rahate hue bhI unake phala dene kI zakti ko kucha samaya ke lie dabA denA / karmoM kI vaha avasthA, jisameM udvartana-apavartana ke atirikta saMkramaNa Adi nahIM ho sakate / nikAcanA jina karmoM kA phala nizcita sthiti aura anubhAga ke AdhAra para bhogA jAtA hai, jisake vipAka ke bhoge binA chuTakArA nahIM mila sakatA / jaina- paramparA sammata ukta avasthAoM meM sattA, upazama, kSayopazama virodhI prakRti ke udayAdikRta vyavadhAna aura udayAvasthA ke bhAva pataJjali ke yogasUtra meM varNita klezoM kI prasupta, tanu, vicchinna aura udAra - ina cAra avasthAoM ke samakakSa haiN| jaisA pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki samasta karmoM meM 'mohanIyakarma' atyadhika balavAna hotA hai| usI ke kAraNa karma-bandha kA pravAha satata banA rahatA hai| jaba taka mohanIyakarma prabala aura tIvra rahatA hai, taba taka anya karmoM kA bandhana bhI prabala aura tIvra rahatA hai| jaise hI mohanIyakarma kA dabAva kama honA prArambha hotA hai, vaise hI AtmA para se anya karmoM kA AvaraNa bhI kSINa hotA jAtA hai aura AtmA kA yathArtha svarUpa vikasita hone lagatA hai / karma-siddhAnta ke anusAra vikAsa kI sarvocca sImA ko prApta karane vAlA jIva hI Izvara hai, paramAtmA hai| jaina paramparAnusAra karmAvaraNoM se mukta jIva sarvajJa hai aura sarvajJa hI Izvara hai / pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM bhI klezoM, karmoM evaM saMskAroM se pUrNatayA alipta rahane vAle sarvajJa, ananta zakti sampanna puruSa vizeSa ko 1. gommaTasAra, (karmakANDa), gA0 437 2. karmagrantha, bhAga 4 prastAvanA, pR0 11 3. jinavANI, pR0 43

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yoga aura AcAra 185 hI Izvara kI saMjJA dI gaI hai|' jIva yA puruSa hI apanI karmoM se AvRtta tathA avikasita zaktiyoM ko Atma-bala ke dvArA kSINa kara Atma-zaktiyoM ko vikasita karane meM samartha hotA hai| vikAsa ke sarvocca zikhara para pahu~cakara jIva hI paramAtma-svarUpa ko prApta kara letA hai| ataH pratyeka AtmA apane prayatna vizeSa (puruSArtha) se paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| I. bhAgya, puruSArtha aura karma __ jainadarzana ke isa karma-siddhAnta meM karma kI pradhAnatA ke sAtha-sAtha bhAgya aura puruSArtha donoM ko mahattA pradAna kI gaI hai| A0 haribhadra evaM upA0 yazovijaya ne jIva ko karma karane ke lie prerita karate hue bhAgya, puruSArtha aura karma ke pArasparika sambandha ko sarala va subodha bhASA meM samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| atIta meM kiye gaye zubha yA azubhakarma hI bhAgya kahalAte haiM aura vartamAna meM kiye jAne vAla karma puruSArtha kahe jAte haiN| bhAgya vastutaH puruSArtha kI hI santAna hai| atIta meM kie gae karma usa samaya ke puruSArtha hI to haiN| puruSArtha se hI vartamAna meM nae jIvana kA sUtrapAta kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki donoM eka dUsare para Azrita haiN| vyakti kA vartamAna jIvana samagra rUpa se pUrva saMcita karmoM dvArA nirdhArita hai| pUrva saMcita karmoM ke binA usakA jIvana-vyApAra nahIM ho sakatA aura vartamAna meM jaba taka manuSya puruSArtha nahIM karatA, taba taka use saMcita karmoM kA phala bhI nahIM miltaa| bhAgya jaba durbala hotA hai to vaha puruSArtha dvArA usakI durbalatA ko prabhAva-zUnya kara detA hai| aura jaba puruSArtha durbala hotA hai to bhAgya usI durbalatA ko prabhAva-zUnya kara detA hai| isa prakAra bhAgya aura puruSArtha donoM kI sthiti pradhAna-gauNa bhAva se apane-apane svabhAva para TikI huI hai| jaba jo pradhAna hotA hai, taba vaha dUsare ko upahRta karatA hai| antima pudgalaparAvarta meM bhAgya puruSArtha dvArA upahRta hotA hai jabaki usase pUrvavartI pudgalAvaroM meM puruSArtha bhAgya dvArA upahRta rahatA hai| antima pudgalaparAvarta meM puruSArtha karake granthi-bheda kI sthiti prApta hotI hai| isa sthiti meM niyamapUrvaka dharmasAdhanocita pravRtti se jIva ke saMcita karmoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| karmoM kA sambandha atIta aura vartamAna donoM ke vyApAroM se hotA hai| ataH ekAntataH bhAgya para yA puruSArtha para nirbhara nahIM rahanA caahie| vartamAna meM kevala bhAgya para nirbhara na rahakara puruSArtha ko adhika mahattA dI jAnI cAhie kyoMki puruSArtha meM vaha zakti hai, jo bhAgya ko bhI parivartita kara detI hai| ataH karmoM se mukti pAne ke lie puruSArtha Avazyaka hai| cU~ki yoga kA AdhAra AcAra hai, aura AcAra se hI sAdhaka AdhyAtmika vikAsa karatA huA parama lakSya taka pahu~catA hai, isalie pAtaJjala evaM jaina - donoM yoga-paramparAoM meM AcAra ko pramukhatA pradAna kI gaI hai| 1. klezakarmavipAkAzayairaparAmRSTaH puruSavizeSaH IzvaraH / tatra niratizayaM sarvajJabIjam / saH eSaH pUrveSAmapi guruH kaalenaanvcchedaat| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/24-26 daivaM nAmeha tattvena karmaiva hi zubhAzubham / tathA puruSakArazca svavyApAro hi siddhidaH / / daivamAtmakRtaM vidyAt karma yat paurvdehikm| smRtaH puruSakArastu kriyate ydihaaprm|| - yogabindu, 316, 325 yogabindu, 320.324: dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 17/11.12 yogabindu, 321, 326, dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 17/5,6,13 5. yogabindu, 327 yogabindu, 336, dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 17/26 yogabindu, 337 yogabindu, 338; dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 17/27 6. yogabindu, 340 OMOMOM |

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186 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM kaivalya kI prApti ke lie abhyAsa aura vairAgya, kriyAyoga tathA aSTAMgayoga kA vidhAna prastuta hai, jabaki mokSa-prApti ke sAdhanoM ke sambandha meM jaina-paramparA meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra rUpa trividha AyAmI yoga kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| __ jaina-paramparA kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki isameM jJAnayoga evaM kriyAyoga kA sundara samanvaya hai| ekAMgI jJAna aura ekAMgI sadAcAra arthAt avivekapUrNa AcAra aura sadAcAra-vihIna jJAna donoM ko hI mokSa-prApti ke lie ayogya samajhA gayA hai| jaina-paramparA sammata samyagdarzana kA svarUpa pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM ullikhita vivekakhyAti' meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| pataJjali dvArA nirdiSTa cittavRttinirodha ke upAyoM meM varNita Izvara-praNidhAna evaM svAdhyAya kI carcA meM samyagdarzana kI hI bhAvanA bIja rUpa meM pratiSThita dikhAI detI hai| samyagdarzana ke pratipakSI bhAva 'mithyAtva' kA svarUpa pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM varNita 'avidyA ke samakakSa hai| jaina-paramparA kI mAnyatA hai ki mithyAtva ke ghora aMdhakAra meM DUbe sabhI vyakti samyagdarzana prApta nahIM kara skte| isa mAnyatA ke viruddha pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM sabhI vyakti samAna rUpa se yoga-sAdhanA ke adhikArI mAne gaye hai| ___ jisaprakAra jainadarzana meM jIva aura ajIva do tattva pramukha mAne gaye haiM usIprakAra puruSa aura prakRti tathA cetana aura jar3a ye do tattva pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM bhI svIkRta haiN| jainadarzana kA jIva to pAtaJjalayogasUtra ke puruSa ke sadRza hai parantu ajIva tattva ko pAtaJjalayoga sammata prakRti ke sadRza mAnanA anucita hai| yadyapi ajIva tattva, prakRti ke samAna hI svAdhIna, svatantra, anAdi aura ananta hai, tathApi unameM bheda ekatva-anekatva ko lekara hai| ajIva aneka haiM parantu prakRti eka hI hai| jaina matAnusAra ajIva ke pAMca bheda - pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla kI carcA pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM nahIM miltii| vahA~ vyakta aura avyakta tattvoM kA ullekha huA hai| jainadarzana tattva arthAt dravya ko pariNAmI nitya mAnatA hai jabaki yogadarzana meM puruSa (nAmaka tattva) kI kUTastha nityatA svIkAra kI gaI hai| jainadarzana sammata vastu kI triguNAtmakatA pAtaJjalayogasUtra ke dharma-dharmI ke svarUpa vivecana meM dRSTigocara hotI hai| jaina-paramparA meM samyagjJAna ko mokSa kA dvitIya evaM anivArya sAdhana mAnA gayA hai, jabaki pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM kaivalya-prApti ke upAyoM meM jJAna kA spaSTataH kahIM ullekha nahIM huaa| ___ jaina-paramparA kA sAdhanA-mArga sAdhaka kI yogyatA ke anusAra kaI sopAnoM meM vibhAjita hai| sabase nimna bhUmikA saMsArI jIva kI hai| unameM bhI manuSyoM meM gRhastha kI bhUmikA nimna hai| sabase ucca bhUmikA muni kI hai| jaina-paramparA meM gRhastha evaM muni ke lie pRthak-pRthak AcAra kA vidhAna hai| muni athavA zramaNa kA AcAra pUrNataH tyAgamaya hotA hai, jabaki gRhastha athavA zrAvaka kA AcAra AMzika / zramaNa kA dhyeya pUrNa rUpa se AdhyAtmika vikAsa hotA hai, jabaki zrAvaka vyAvahArika jIvana meM hI apanI samasyAoM ke AdhyAtmika samAdhAna kI icchA karatA hai| gRhastha ke sAdhanA-mArga ko bhI aneka pratimAoM ke rUpa meM kaI sopAnoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| muni kA sAdhanA-mArga bhI guNasthAnoM aura unameM AcaraNIya cAritroM kI vividhatA ke kAraNa kaI sopAnoM meM vibhAjita hai| sAdhanA-mArga ke sabhI sopAnoM meM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha - ina pA~ca mUlabhUta vratoM ko vizeSa sthAna diyA gayA hai| isaprakAra jainAcAra atyanta manovaijJAnika paddhati para AdhArita hai, aisA spaSTa ho jAtA hai| __ jaina-paramparA meM zrAvaka ke lie aNuvratoM evaM zramaNa ke lie mahAvratoM kA jo vidhAna prastuta huA hai, vaha pAtaJjalayoga-paramparA meM varNita yama-niyama ke anurUpa hI haiN| jaina-sAdhanA meM varNita daza dharmoM meM saMyama aura tapadharma pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM svIkRta pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi se sAmya rakhate haiN| isa prakAra donoM kA lakSya eka hI hai, aisA siddha hotA hai|

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yoga aura AcAra 187 jainayoga meM mokSa-prApti ke lie sampUrNa karmoM kA nAza anivArya mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki karma aura AtmA kA sambandha anAdikAlIna aura pragAr3ha hai| karma ke kAraNa hI AtmA saMsAra meM bhaTakatI hai| jainayoga ke anusAra karmoM kA kartA evaM bhoktA AtmA hI hai| ataH karma aura AtmA kA viyoga nitAnta Avazyaka hai| jainayoga ke samAna pAtaJjalayoga-paramparA meM bhI bandha aura mokSa puruSa ke hI mAne gaye haiN| karma-siddhAnta kA sambandha bhAgya aura puruSArtha donoM se hai| jainayoga-paramparA meM spaSTa rUpa se sAdhaka ko nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki kevala bhAgya para nirbhara rahane se na hI jIvana rUpI gAr3I calatI hai aura na hI mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| usake lie puruSArtha kI AvazyakatA hai, jo AcAra athavA cAritra ke rUpa meM varNita hai| isaprakAra spaSTa hai ki jaina-paramparA pAtaJjalayoga-paramparA kI apekSA vaiziSTya rakhatI hai|

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paMcama adhyAya AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama yoga mokSa kA hetu hai| mokSa se tAtparya hai - Atma-vikAsa kI puurnntaa| dUsare zabdoM meM vizuddha AtmasvarUpa kI upalabdhi hI mokSa hai, jo karmoM ke kSaya se prApta hotI hai| jisaprakAra khAna meM sthita svarNa bAhya evaM Antarika mala se yukta hone ke kAraNa apanI vAstavika camaka-damaka se virahita hotA hai, usI prakAra AtmA jaba taka saMsArAvasthA meM hai, taba taka vaha anekavidha AvaraNoM se AveSTita rahatA hai| ataH usakA vAstavika, sahaja svarUpa bhI vyakta nahIM ho paataa| usake jJAna, darzana, sukha evaM vIrya Adi guNa vikRta, malina aura apUrNa rahate haiN| ina guNoM kA pUrNatayA prakaTa honA hI mokSa hai| jyoM-jyoM AtmA para se karmAvaraNa yoM-tyoM AtmA kA svarUpa ujjvala hotA jAtA hai tathA usake svAbhAvika guNa vikasita hone lagate haiN| AtmA ke svarUpa kI ujjvalatA evaM usake guNa ke vikAsa kA parama prakarSa hI mokSa hai| jIva ko Atmika vikAsa kI yaha pUrNatA sahasA tathA eka hI prayAsa meM adhigata nahIM hotii| isake lie use saMgharSa karanA par3atA hai| aneka janmoM kI sAdhanA se jIva usa pUrNa vikAsa ko pAne meM samartha banatA hai| ataH AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko vyAvahArika bhASA meM cAritra vikAsa kahA jA sakatA hai| vikAsa ke kramAnusAra uttarottara sambhAvita sAdhanoM ko sopAna-paramparA kI taraha prApta karatA huA jIva anta meM carama lakSya ko prApta karatA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama meM hI vairAgya tathA samatA kA bhAva udita hotA hai, jo yoga kA pramukha aMga hai| ataH mokSa ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM jaba yoga kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai taba usameM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI jhalaka svataH hI dRSTigata hone lagatI hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama meM prArambha se lekara anta taka kI sabhI avasthAe~ samAviSTa ho jAtI haiN| isa viSaya ke sambandha meM bhArata ke prAyaH sabhI darzanoM ne pRthaka-pRthaka DhaMga se vicAra kiyA hai| paribhASA tathA varNanazailI bhinna hone para bhI unake vicAroM meM prAyaH samAnatA hI dRSTigocara hotI hai| a. pAtaJjalayoga-mata pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM yoga kI paribhASA dete hue cittavRttinirodha rUpa yoga ko sAdhya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai kyoMki citta-vikalpa hI samasta duHkhoM kA mUla hai, jo rAga yA Asakti janita hai| rAga yA Asakti hone para hI citta-vikalpa hote haiN| samAdhi kI avasthA taka pahu~cane ke lie citta kA nirvikalpa honA Avazyaka hai| pAtaJjalayogasUtrabhASya meM AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama meM citta kI pA~ca bhUmikAoM kA varNana huA hai - kSipta, mUr3ha, vikSipta, ekAgra aura niruddh| inameM pahalI (kSipta) aura dUsarI 1. kRtsnakarmakSayo mokssH| - tattvArthasUtra, 10/2 gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa).8 yogasya panthAH paramastitikSA tato mahatyAtma-balasya puSTiH! - adhyAtmatatvAloka.4/11' kSipta mUr3ha vikSiptamekAgraM niruddhamiti cittbhuumyH| - vyAsabhASya, pR02 OM

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 189 (mUr3ha) avasthA avikAsa kI bhUmikAe~ haiN| tIsarI vikSipta bhUmikA vikAsa aura avikAsa donoM kA saMyukta rUpa hai kyoMki isa avasthA meM vikAsa prArambha hone para bhI mukhyataH avikAsa hI hotA hai| isalie ina tInoM avasthAoM meM yoga nahIM hotaa| cauthI ekAgrabhUmi evaM pAMcavI niruddhabhUmi vikAsakAlIna avasthA kI sUcaka haiM / ekAgrabhUmi meM samprajJAtayoga aura niruddhabhUmi meM asamprajJAtayoga mAnA gayA hai| samprajJAtayoga meM sthUla athavA sUkSma Alambana hotA hai, jabaki asamprajJAtayoga nirAlamba hotA hai isalie use nirbIja va saMskArazeSa kahA gayA hai| ukta pAMca avasthAoM ke lakSaNa isa prakAra haiM : 1. kSiptacita 'kSipta' kA artha hai, pheMkA huA arthAt viSayoM meM pheMkA gayA citta / yaha citta kI rajoguNa pradhAna avasthA hai| isa avasthA meM citta rUpa, rasa, gandha Adi viSayoM meM ramaNa karane se atyanta asthira hotA hai isalie yaha avarathA 'kSipta' kahalAtI hai| 2. mUr3hacitta __yaha citta kI tamoguNa pradhAna avasthA hai| jisa avasthA meM citta mUrkhavat ho jAe arthAt kRtyAkRtya ko bhUla jAe use 'mUr3ha' kahate haiM / isa avasthA meM citta adharma, ajJAna, avairAgya tathA anaizvarya kI ora Asakta hokara unameM hI ramaNa karane lagatA hai| isameM AtmAbhiruci aura jJAnAbhiruci kA abhAva rahatA hai tathA jIva Alasya evaM nidrAvRtti vAlA ho jAtA hai| 3. vikSiptacitta ___ vikSipta' kA artha hai - kSipta se viziSTa / kSiptabhUmi meM rajoguNa kI prabalatA ke kAraNa citta kabhI bhI samAhita nahI ho sakatA, parantu vikSipta avasthA meM sattvaguNa kI prabalatA ke kAraNa kabhI-kabhI vaha samAhita bhI ho jAtA hai| isa avasthA kI eka viziSTatA yaha bhI hai ki isameM sattvaguNa kA Adhikya hone para bhI rajoguNa aura tamoguNa kI upasthiti rahatI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa usameM zubha aura azubha ke bIca saMgharSa calatA rahatA hai| isalie isa avasthA meM citta vyAkula yA vyagra ho jAtA hai| tathApi kabhI-kabhI prazasta viSayo kA anubhava karane ke kAraNa citta kI isa avasthA ko 'vikSipta' kahA jAtA hai| 4. ekAgracitta ___ 'ekAgra' zabda kA artha hai - citta ke agrabhAga para eka hI viSaya meM lagA honaa| AtmacetanA ke pUrNataH jAgarUka hone para jaba citta viSayoM se vimukha hokara satata eka hI dhyeya meM lagA rahatA hai to citta kI vaha avasthA 'ekAgra kahalAtI hai| 5. niruddhacitta ____ 'niruddha' kA artha hai - rokA gayA citta, arthAt jo apanI vRttiyoM se pRthak kara diyA gayA ho| ekAgrabhUmi meM anya vRttiyoM ke haTane se citta meM eka hI dhyeya kI vRtti rahatI hai, parantu niruddhabhUmi meM vaha vRtti tathA usake saMskAra bhI laya kara diye jAte haiN| isalie ekAgra aura niruddha, do hI bhUmiyoM meM yoga (samAdhi) ho sakatA hai, Arambhika tIna bhUmiyoM meM nhiiN| niruddhAvasthA meM citta kI saba vRttiyoM kA nirodha ho jAtA hai, kevala saMskAra mAtra zeSa rahate haiN| 1. ka) virAgapratyayAbhyAsapUrvaH saMskArazeSo'nyaH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/18 kha) sarvavRttipratyastamaye saMskArazeSo nirodhazcittasya samAdhirasaMprajJAtaH / ........tadabhyAsapUrvaka hi citta nirAlambanamabhAvaprAptamiva gavatItyeSa nirvIja. smaadhirsprjnyaatH| -- vyAsabhASya, pR064-65

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190 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana A. jainayoga-mata prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama se sambandhita vicAra vyavasthita rUpa meM upalabdha hote haiN| unameM jIvasthAna, mArgaNAsthAna, guNasthAna aura bhAva nAma se jIvoM kI vividha avasthAoM kA varNana huA hai| jIvasthAna' ke varNana se yaha jAnA jA sakatA hai ki jIvasthAna rUpa caudaha avasthAe~ jAti sApekSa haiM arthAt zArIrika racanA ke vikAsa yA indriyoM kI nyUnAdhika saMkhyA para nirbhara haiN| 'mArgaNAsthAna' ke bodha se yaha vidita hotA hai ki sabhI mArgaNAe~ jIva kI svAbhAvika avasthA rUpa nahIM haiN| guNasthAna' AdhyAtmika utkrAnti karane vAle AtmA kI uttarottara vikAsasUcaka bhUmikAe~ haiN| 'bhAvoM' kI jAnakArI se yaha nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki 'kSAyika' bhAvoM ko chor3akara anya saba bhAva, cAhe ve utkrAnti kAla meM upAdeya kyoM na hoM, para anta meM heya hI haiN| AdhyAtmika vihA ke pratyeka sAdhaka kI yaha svAbhAvika jijJAsA hotI hai ki AtmA kisa prakAra aura kisa krama se AdhyAtmika vikAsa karatA hai tathA use vikAsa kAla meM kisa-kisa prakAra kI avasthA kA anubhava hotA hai| isa dRSTikoNa se anya avasthAoM kI apekSA 'guNasthAna' kA mahatva adhika hai| mUla Agama tathA Agamottara sAhitya meM AtmavikAsa kA kramika, vyavasthita evaM spaSTa varNana milatA hai| jainadarzana meM AtmavikAsa kA gaharA tathA sUkSmatama cintana kiyA gayA hai| jaina dArzanika bhASA meM vikAsa kI ina bhUmikAoM ko 'guNasthAna' kahA jAtA hai, jinakI saMkhyA caudaha hai| pahalI bhUmikA ekAnta avikAsa kI hai| dUsarI-tIsarI avasthA meM alpatama vikAsa yogyatA (jisameM prabalatA avikAsa kI hI hai) hotI hai| cauthI avasthA AtmA ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se prathama sopAna mAnI jAtI hai| isake Age ke guNasthAna AtmA ke kramika vikAsa ke sUcaka haiM / antima 14vI avasthA meM vikAsa pUrNa ho jAtA hai aura jIva mokSa prApta kara letA hai| kucha svatantra cintakoM ne bahirAtmA, antarAtmA, paramAtmA yA azubhopayoga, zubhopayoga va zuddhopayoga* ina tInoM sopAnoM meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke krama ko nirUpita kiyA hai| Agamottara sAhitya meM A0 haribhadra, A0 zubhacandra, A0 hemacandra tathA upA0 yazovijaya Adi vidvAnoM ne isa para paryApta rUpa se likhA hai| A0 haribhadra ne ukta vividha nirUpaNoM se pRthaka svatantra rUpa se AdhyAtmika vikAsa va yogasAdhanA ke kramika sopAnoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| unhoMne avikAsa ko oghadRSTi aura vikAsa ko sadadRSTi ke nAma se abhihita kara sadRSTi ke ATha bheda kiye haiN| ina ATha yogadRSTiyoM meM se prathama cAra dRSTiyoM meM vikAsa hone para bhI ajJAna tathA moha kI prabalatA rahatI hai| pazcAtvartI cAra dRSTiyoM meM jJAna tathA cAritra kI prabalatA aura ajJAna tathA moha kI kSINatA hotI jAtI hai| yaha rUpAntara se guNasthAnoM kA hI varNana hai| isake atirikta A0 haribhadra ne yogabindu meM adhyAtma, bhAvanA, dhyAna, samatA aura vRttisaMkSaya, ina pAMca bhAgoM kA; yogaviMzikA meM sthAna, UrNa, varNa, Alambana aura anAlambana, ina pAMca sAdhanoM kA tathA yogazataka va yogabindu meM apunarbandhaka, samyagdRSTi, dezavirati evaM sarvavirati se pUrNatA taka jIva kI avasthAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| __ A0 zubhacandra ne prAcIna jaina AgamoM tathA pUrvavartI Agamottara granthoM kA anusaraNa karate hue AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama se sambandhita jIva kI vividha avasthAoM ke sUcaka jIvasthAna, mArgaNAsthAna, 2 cauthA karmagrantha, prastAvanA, pR08.6 cauthA karmagrantha, prastAvanA, pR08.6 mokSaprAbhRta, 4: samAdhitaMtra 14: dravyasaMgraha, TIkA. 14/46: kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 162; jJAnArNava, 26/5: yogazAstra. 12/7; adhyAtmasAra, 7/20/20,21: dvAtriMzadavAtriMzikA, 20/17. 18 bhAvaprAmRta, 76; pravacanasAra. 2/63: jJAnArNava. 3/28 4.

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 191 guNasthAna aura bhAvoM kA ullekha to kiyA hai, parantu 'dhyAna' pradhAna apane grantha 'jJAnArNava' meM dhyAna ke adhikAriyoM ke prasaMga meM guNasthAna-paramparA kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA hai| sAtha hI AgamottaravartI svatantra cintakoM ke matAnukUla bahirAtmA, antarAtmA va paramAtmA tathA azubhopayoga, zubhopayoga tathA zuddhopayoga kA varNana bhI kiyA hai| A0 hemacandra ne apane yogazAstra meM yadyapi prAcIna jainAgamoM kI gaNasthAna-paramparA ke anakala hI viSaya kA varNana kiyA hai, tathApi svAnubhava ke AdhAra para mana kI cAra avasthAoM - 1. vikSipta, 2. yAtAyAta, 3. zliSTa, aura 4. sulIna kA nirUpaNa bhI kiyA hai| yaha unakI nijI va svatantra kalpanA hai| upA0 yazovijaya ne bhI guNasthAna-paramparA kA hI Azraya lete hue haribhadra ke granthoM meM varNita AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke vividha vargIkaraNa ko adhika spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| unakI yaha vizeSatA hai ki unhoMne pAtaJjalayoga-paramparA meM varNita citta kI pAMca bhUmikAoM kA jaina paramparAnusAra varNana kara donoM meM sAmya darzAne kA prayAsa bhI kiyA hai| (ka) guNasthAna - artha aura svarUpa guNa' zabda se tAtparya hai - AtmA kI darzana, jJAna aura cAritra rUpa svAbhAvika vizeSatAe~ (shktiyaaN| 'sthAna' kA artha hai - ina zaktiyoM kI zuddhatA kI taratamabhAvayukta avsthaaeN| sAMsArika avasthA meM AtmA ke sahaja guNa vividha AvaraNoM se AvRtta hote haiN| jitanI adhika mAtrA meM AvaraNoM kA kSaya hogA, utane hI adhika parimANa meM unake guNoM meM abhivRddhi hogii| AvaraNa jitanI kama mAtrA meM kSINa hoMge, utanI hI kama mAtrA meM unake guNoM kI vRddhi hogii| isaprakAra Atmika guNoM kI zuddhi ke prakarSa yA apakarSa ke asaMkhya prakAra sambhava haiN| parantu jainAcAryoM ne unheM caudaha bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai, jinheM 'guNasthAna' kahA jAtA hai| A0 nemicandra ne jIvoM ko hI 'guNa' kahA hai| vidvAnoM ke mata meM 'guNasthAna' yaha anvartha saMjJA hai, kyoMki karmoM ke udaya, upazama, kSaya, kSayopazama tathA udayAdi ke binA kevala svabhAva mAtra kI apekSA se hone vAle bhAva 'guNa' zabda se vyavahRta kiye gaye haiM | caudaha jIvasthAna ina pAMca bhAvoM ke AdhAra para niSpanna haiM, isalie jIvasthAna ko hI 'guNasthAna' bhI kahA gayA hai| gommaTasAra meM 'guNasthAna' ke lie 'jIvasamAsa' zabda kA prayoga bhI haA hai|" guNasthAna-paramparA prAcIna zvetAmbara jainAgamoM meM kahIM bhI 'guNasthAna' zabda kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| kevala samavAyAMgasUtra meM karmavizuddhi ke tAratamya ke AdhAra para caudaha jIvaTThANoM (jIvasthAnoM) kA vyavahAra huA hai| samavAyAMgasUtra ke pazcAtvartI sAhitya meM 'jIvasthAna' ke sthAna para 'guNasthAna' zabda kA prayoga karane kI paramparA prArambha huii| 'samavAyAMgasUtra meM varNita 'jIvasthAna' ko hI karmagranthoM meM 'guNasthAna' kahA gayA hai|" 1. ka) tatra guNaH jJAnadarzanacAritrarUpAH jiivsvbhaavvishessaaH| - karmagrantha TIkA, bhAga 2. gA02 kha) Ilere the word 'virtue does not mean an ordinary moral quality but it stands for the nature of the soul, L.e. the knowledge, belief and conduct. - Jain Philosophy, 205 jaina dharma kA prANa, pR087 / gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 7 gomATasAra (jIvakANDa).8: prAkRtapaMcasaMgraha. 1/3 5. gogaTasAra (jIvakANDa).10: dravyasaMgraha, 13 kabhgavisohigaggaNa paDucca cauddasa jIvaTThANA pnnnnttaa| - samavAyAMgasUtra, 14/4/65 samayasAra. 55 prAkRtapaMcasaMgraha. 1/3-5 karmagrantha 4/1: gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa). 2: dravyasaMgraha, 13 * s

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192 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana digambara jaina-paramparA meM prathama Agama ke rUpa meM mAnya SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI caudaha guNasthAnoM kA varNana milatA hai|' SaTakhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM 'guNasthAna' ke sthAna para 'jIvasamAsa' zabda kA prayoga dekhane meM AtA hai| tadAnusAra jIva cUMki guNoM meM rahatA hai, isalie use 'jIvasamAsa' kahate haiN| saMkSepa aura ogha guNasthAna ke paryAyavAcI zabda mAne gaye haiN| audAyika, aupazamika, kSAyopazamika, kSAyika guNa to jIva meM karma kI avasthAoM se sambandhita hote haiM kintu pAriNAmika eka aisA guNa hai jisameM kisI karma kI apekSA nahIM hotI, vaha svAbhAvika hai| ataH isa guNa ke kAraNa jIva ko bhI guNa kahA jAtA hai| sambhava hai ki guNa kI mukhyatA se hI pazcAtvartI sAhitya meM 'jIvasthAna' kI apekSA 'guNasthAna' zabda kA prayoga huA ho| isaprakAra AgamoM aura pazcAtvartI sAhitya meM zAbdika bheda hone para bha 'guNasthAna' zabda AgamoM ke 'jIvasthAna' ke Azaya ko hI prakaTa karatA guNasthAna kramArohaNa kA mukhya AdhAra ATha karmoM meM jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura aMtarAya - ye cAra Atmazakti ko AcchAdita karane vAle (ghAtI) karma haiM aura inameM bhI mohanIyakarma pradhAna evaM saghanatama hai| jaba taka mohakarma balavAna aura tIvratama rahatA hai taba taka anya sabhI karmAvaraNa sabala evaM tIvra bane rahate haiN| jaise hI mohanIyakarma nirbala hone lagatA hai vaise hI anya karmAvaraNoM kI sthiti bhI nirbala hotI jAtI hai| ataH AtmA ke vikAsa meM mukhya bAdhaka moha kI prabalatA aura mukhya sahAyaka moha kI nirbalatA hai| mohanIyakarma kI prabalatA hI jIva kI ajJAnatA kA kAraNa hai, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa jIva apane yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnane meM asamartha hotA hai| moha ke naSTa hote hI saba ghAtIkarma naSTa ho jAte haiM aura jIva ko kevalajJAna prApta ho jAtA hai tathA vaha mukta ho jAtA hai| isalie AtmA ke vikAsa kI kramAgata avasthAe~ (guNasthAnoM kA krama) moha zakti kI utkaTatA aura maMdatA tathA kSINatA para AdhArita haiN| mohanIyakarma ke kAraNa AtmA tattva kI yathArtha zraddhA (samyagdarzana) aura tadanakala pravRtti (samyakcAritra) nahIM kara paataa| moha kI pradhAna zaktiyA~ do haiM, jinheM darzanamohanIya aura cAritramohanIya kahate haiN| darzanamohanIya ke kAraNa sva-para rUpa kA nirNaya (viveka) nahIM ho sakatA aura cAritramohanIya karma AtmA ko viveka prApta ho jAne para bhI tadanusAra pravRtti nahIM karane detaa| vyavahArataH vastu kA yathArtha bodha (darzana) hone para usa vastu ko prApta karane yA tyAga karane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsagAmI AtmA bhI ina donoM mukhya kAryoM meM pravRtta hotA hai -- svarUpadarzana aura tadanusAra prvRtti| darzanamoha rUpa prathama zakti ke prabala hone para cAritramoha rUpa dUsarI zakti bhI 1 SaTkhaNDAgama, 1/1/6.22.1/1/27 2. jIvAH samyagAsate'sminniti jiivsmaasH| kvAsate (?) guNeSu / - dhavalA, pustaka, 1. pR0 161 (ka saMkheo oghotti ya, guNasaNNA sA ca mohajogabhavA......1- gommaTasAra, (jIvakANDa), gAthA 2 pR03 (kha) ogheNa atthi micchaaitttthii| - SaTkhaNDAgama, 1/1/6 4. dhavalA, pustaka,7 pR0 62, paMcAdhyAyI, 2/668 tattvArthasUtra, 10/1; jJAnArNava, 21/37; dazAzrutaskandhasUtra.5/12 & It should be noted that the limitation of the self consists primarily in its forgetfulness of its true nature, which is due to the influx of the Mohniya or the deluding Karma in it. The inflow of the Mohniya prepares the self for the further absorption of other form of the Karma. - Jain Moral Doctrine, p. 68 tattvArthasUtra, 8/6 tattvArtharAjavArtika,8/6/2 vahI, 8/6/3 |

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 193 prabala rahatI hai, nirbala nahIM hotii| darzanamoha ke maMda, maMdatara aura maMdatama hone ke sAtha hI dUsarI zakti cAritramoha bhI tadanurUpa hI ho jAtI hai| svarUpabodha hone para svarUpa-lAbha kI prApti kA mArga prazasta ho jAtA hai| isaprakAra guNasthAna-kramArohaNa meM mohanIyakarma kA manda, maMdatara, maMdatama aura kSaya honA mUla AdhAra hai aura isI AdhAra para guNasthAnoM kA krama nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai| A0 nemicandra ke zabdoM meM moha aura mana, vacana, kAya kI pravRtti rUpa yoga guNasthAnoM kI utpatti kA mukhya AdhAra hai| saMsAra-bandha ke hetu mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga kahe gaye haiM, jinakA guNa-zreNI-ArohaNa meM saMvara (nirodha) ho jAtA hai| isalie kucha jainAcAryoM ne saMvara ke svarUpa kA vizeSa parijJAna karane ke lie caudaha guNasthAnoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| prathama guNasthAna (mithyAtva) meM baMdha ke sabhI hetu vidyamAna hote haiN| cauthe guNasthAna meM mithyAtva kA, chaThe meM avirati kA, 7veM meM pramAda kA, 10veM meM kaSAya kA tathA 14veM meM yoga kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki guNasthAna meM bandha ke hetuoM kA kramazaH nAza hokara uttarottara jIva ke cAritra kI vizuddhi hotI hai| jIva dhIre-dhIre cAritra kA vikAsa karate hue nimnazreNI se ucca zreNI kI ora arthAt mithyAtva kI sthiti se mokSa kI ora prayANa karatA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne 'guNasthAnoM ko eka aise tharmAmITara' kI upamA dI hai, jo AtmA ke vikAsa evaM moha kI taratamatA kA digdarzana karAtA hai| ina guNasthAnoM ke AdhAra para pratyeka cintanazIla prANI yaha jAna sakatA hai ki vaha vikAsa ke kisa caraNa para khar3A hai| jainazAstroM meM jIva kI vividha avasthAoM ko jina 14 bhAgoM/guNasthAnoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai, unake nAma isaprakAra haiM - 1. mithyAdRSTi, 2. sAsAdanasamyagdRSTi, 3. samyagmithyAdRSTi, 4. aviratasamyagdRSTi, 5. dezavirati (viratAvirata samyagdRSTi), 6. pramattasaMyata, 7. apramattasaMyata, 8. apUrvakaraNa, 6. anivRttibAdara, 10. sUkSmasamparAya, 11. upazAntamoha, 12. kSINamoha, 13. sayogakevalI, 14. ayogkvlii| inakA saMkSipta varNana isa prakAra hai - 1. mithyAdaSTi gaNasthAna jisa avasthA meM darzanamohanIyakarma kI prabalatA ke kAraNa samyaktva guNa AvRtta hone se AtmA kI tattvaruci prakaTa nahIM ho pAtI, satya ke viruddha yA ayathArtha hI rahatI hai, usa avasthA ko mithyAdRSTi kahA jAtA hai| jisaprakAra pitta jvara se pIr3ita jIva ko madhura rasa acchA nahIM lagatA, usIprakAra mithyAdRSTi 1. OM us ka) kammavisohimaggaNaM paDucca cauddasa jIvaTThANA pnnnnttaa| - samavAyAMgasUtra, 14/1 kha) karmavizodhimArgaNAM pratItya-jJAnAvaraNAdikarmavizuddhigaveSaNAmAzritya cturdshjiivsthaanaani|- samavAyAMgasUtravRtti,patra 27 guNasaNNA sA ca mohjogbhvaa| - gommaTasAra, (jIvakANDa), 2 tattvArthasUtra,8/1 tasya saMvarasya vibhAvanArthaM guNasthAnavibhAgavacanaM kriyte| - tattvArtharAjavArtika, 6/1/10 vahI. 6/1/24 darzana aura cintana, pR0252 samavAyAMgasUtra. 27 SaTakhaNDAgama, 1/1/6: prAkRtapaMcasaMgraha, 1/3: gommaTasAra, (jIvakANDa), 16; bRhadravyasaMgraha, TIkA, 13: pR0 36: guNasthAnakramAroha. 2-5 SaTkhaNDAgama. 2/1/80-81, gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 17: guNasthAnakramAroha, 6, prAkRtapaMcasaMgraha, 1/6: bRhadravyasaMgraha, TIkA, 13 pR. 36, yogazAstra, svo0 vRtti 1/16

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jIva kI ruci bhI satya meM nahIM hotI,' apitu asatya meM hotI hai| use dharma aura adharma kA jJAna nahIM hotA / nimitta pAkara jaba bhavya jIva mithyAtva ko dUra kara lete haiM, taba ve prathama guNasthAna se U~ce uThakara sIdhe caturtha guNasthAna meM pahu~ca jAte haiM aura jaba patita hote haiM taba punaH isa guNasthAna meM A jAte haiN| 2. sAsAdana samyagdRSTi guNasthAna* jIva prathama guNasthAna se dvitIya guNasthAna kI ora nahIM bar3hatA, apitu AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI uccatara zreNiyoM se prathama zreNI kI ora patita hone para kucha samaya taka isa guNasthAna meM rukatA hai| isIlie isa guNasthAna ko vikAsAvasthA na kahakara patanAvasthA kA sUcaka kahA gayA hai| caturtha guNasthAnavartI jIva to patita hone para isa guNasthAna se hokara gujaratA hI hai, kabhI-kabhI 'upazama zreNI' para car3hane vAlA jIva bhI isa avasthA A giratA hai| jo jIva isa guNasthAna meM AtA hai vaha prathama guNasthAna meM avazya vApisa jAtA hai| 194 3. samyagmithyAdRSTi guNasthAna tRtIya guNasthAna meM samyagdarzana aura mithyAdarzana donoM ke mile jule bhAva rahate haiM, isalie isa avasthA ko 'mizra guNasthAna' yA 'samyagmithyAdRSTi' guNasthAna kahate haiN| zAstroM meM kahA gayA hai ki prathama bAra upazama samyaktva prApta karate hue jIva mithyAtva karma ke mithyAtva, samyagmithyAtva aura samyak prakRti rUpa tIna vibhAga karatA hai| inameM se upazama samyaktva kA antarmuhUrta kAla pUrNa hote hI yadi samyagmithyAtva prakRti kA udaya ho jAtA to vaha ardha samyaktvI yA ardhamithyAtvI jaisI dRSTi vAlA ho jAtA hai| yahI 'samyagmithyAdRSTi' nAmaka guNasthAna hai|" isa guNasthAna ko saMzaya aura tanAva kI sthiti bhI kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki jIva ke pariNAma mizra mohanIyakarma ke udaya se satya ke prati udAsIna hote haiN| ve na to kevala samyaktva rUpa hI hote haiM aura na kevala mithyAtva rUpa hI / isa prakAra jIva kI vivekazakti vikasita na hone ke kAraNa sandehazIla banI rahatI hai / vaha tattva aura atattva kA viveka karane meM samartha nahIM hotii| yaha avasthA lambe samaya taka nahIM cltii| isakA kAla eka antarmuhUrta ( 48 minaTa) mAnA jAtA hai|" itanA alpa samaya bIta jAne ke bAda saMzaya ke naSTa ho jAne se yA to punaH vikasita hokara samyaktva rUpa ho jAte haiM yA patita hokara prathama guNasthAna meM pahu~ca jAte haiN| jo jIva caturtha guNasthAna meM samyaktva ko prApta kara punaH patita hokara prathama guNasthAna meM A jAte haiM, ve hI utkrAnti kAla meM prathama guNasthAna se sIdhe tRtIya guNasthAna meM pahu~cate 1: 2. 3. 4. je ut ; i ut ggg dhavalA, pustaka, 1, pR0 163: prAkRtapaMcasaMgraha, 1/6 : gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 17 Sogani, K.C. Ethical Doctrine in Jainism, p. 172 guNasthAnakramAroha, 8 SaTkhaNDAgama, 1/1/10 : gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) 16 - 20 : bRhadravyasaMgrahaTIkA, 13: prAkRtapaJcasaMgraha, 1/4 guNasthAnakramAroha, 10-12 yogazAstra, svo0 vRtti 1/16 11. Studies in Jain Philosophy, p. 276; Jain Philosophy, p. 209, 210; Jain Ethics, p. 213 Studies in Jain Philosophy, p. 277 SaTkhaNDAgama, 1/1/11: gommaTasAra, (jIvakANDa). 21: guNasthAnakramAroha, 13-17: prAkRtapaMJcasaMgraha, 1/10 tattvArthasAra, 2/21 samavAyAMgasUtra, vyAkhyA, pR0 42 10. bRhadravyasaMgrahaTIkA, gA0 13, pR0 41 Jain Philosophy, p. 210 12. samavAyAMgasUtra vyAkhyA, pR0 42

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 195 haiN| parantu jina jIvoM ne kabhI samyaktva prApta hI nahIM kiyA, ve apane vikAsa kAla meM prathama guNasthAna se sIdhe caturtha guNasthAna meM pahu~ca jAte haiM, kyoMki yathArthatA kA anubhava kiye binA saMzaya athavA anizcaya nahIM hotA aura saMzaya hone para ve isI guNasthAna meM girate haiN| isIlie ise vikAsa aura patana donoM avasthAoM kA sUcaka mAnA gayA hai| prAcIna granthakAroM ne isa avasthA kI tulanA dahI aura gur3a ke mizrita svAda se kI hai| 4. avirata samyagdRSTi yA asaMyata samyagdRSTi guNasthAna ___ AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI caturtha avasthA saMyama rahita samyagdarzana kI avasthA kahI jAtI hai| jisa jIva ko satya yA yathArtha meM dRr3ha vizvAsa ho jAtA hai vahI isa guNasthAna meM praveza karatA hai| jaina granthoM ke anusAra jo indriya-viSayoM se virata nahIM hai, trasa va sthAvara jIvoM kA rakSaNa bhI nahIM karatA, kintu jinokta tattvoM para zraddhA rakhatA hai vaha 'avirata samyagdRSTi' nAmaka caturtha guNasthAnavartI kahA jAtA hai| kucha granthakAroM ne ise 'asaMyata samyagdRSTi' nAma bhI diyA hai| AtmA kI isa avasthA meM mohanIya karma kI zithilatA ke kAraNa jIva ko samyagdarzana to prApta ho jAtA hai parantu cAritra mohanIyakarma kA udaya hone se vaha satya mArga para calane meM samartha nahIM ho paataa| yadyapi usameM saMyamAdi kA pAlana karane kI icchA hotI hai parantu vaha unakA lezamAtra bhI pAlana nahIM kara paataa| cU~ki isa avasthA meM krodhAdi apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya kA udaya hotA hai aura jIva indriya-sukha kA bhoga karatA hai isalie use 'avirata samyagdRSTi' nAma diyA gayA hai| caturtha guNasthAna kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki isase Age kI sabhI bhUmikAe~ samyagdRSTi yukta hotI haiM kyoMki unameM uttarottara vikAsa tathA dRSTi kI zuddhi adhikAdhika hotI jAtI hai| eka bAra samyaktva prApta ho jAne para vikAsonmukha AtmA yadi Upara kI kisI bhUmikA se patita bhI ho jAye tathApi vaha punaH kabhI na kabhI apane lakSya ko prApta kara letI hai| ataH jainadarzana meM isa guNasthAna ko atyanta mahatvapUrNa pada prApta hai| dezavirati, viratAvirata yA saMyatAsaMyata gaNasthAna caturtha guNasthAna meM jisa apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya kA udaya hotA hai, paMcama guNasthAna meM usakA 1. darzana aura ciMtana, pR0 264 2. Jain Ethics, p.214 3. gommaTasAra(jIvakANDa). 22; guNasthAnakramAroha, 14: tattvArtharAjavArtika, 6/1/14; tattvArthasAra, 2/20; paJcasaMgraha, 1/10/166: dravyasaMgraha. TIkA. 13/33/2 SakhaNDAgama, 1/1/12; gommaTasAra(jIvakANDa). 27-26: guNasthAnakramAroha, 16: prAkRtapaMcasaMgraha, 1/11: bRhadravyasaMgraha, TIkA, 13 pR0 41: yogazAstra, svo0 vRtti, 1/16 5. gommaTasAra(jIvakANDa), 26: prAkRtapaJcasaMgraha, 11; dhavalA, pustaka, 1 pR0 173; guNasthAnakramAroha. 16: pR0 12; bhAvasaMgraha, 261; lokaprakAza. 6-3/1157 tattvArtharAjavArtika. 6/1/15/186: dhavalA. pustaka, 1, pR0 172: tattvArthasAra, 21 7. tattvArthasAra, 2/21 8. samavAyAMgasUtra, vyAkhyA, pR0 42 bRhadravyasagraha, TIkA, gA0 13. pR041: yogazAstra, svo0 vR01/16 darzana aura ciMtana, pR0 271 11. SaTkhaNDAgama, 1/1/13: gommaTasAra(jIvakANDa). 30-31; guNasthAnakramAroha, 20; prAkRtapaJcasaMgraha, 1/12; bRhadravyasaMgraha, TIkA, 13 pR0 41; yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/16

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196 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana upazama ho jAne se karmoM kI nirjarA kA prArambha hotA hai| isa avasthA meM darzanamohanIyakarma bhI zithila ho jAte haiN| ataH sAdhaka AMzika rUpa se vratoM kA pAlana karatA hai| arthAt jIva ke pariNAma aNuvratoM ko dhAraNa karane ke yogya ho jAte haiN| isalie zAstroM meM paMcama guNasthAnavartI jIva ko viratAvirata, dezavirati athavA saMyatAsaMyata kahA gayA hai| 6. sarvavirati-pramattasaMyata guNasthAna __ chaThe guNasthAna meM jIva dezavirata se sarvavirata ho jAtA hai| vaha ghara chor3akara muni bana jAtA hai tathA aNuvratoM ke sthAna para mahAvratoM kA pAlana karane lagatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM vaha pUrNarUpeNa samyakacAritra kA pAlana karanA prArambha kara detA hai| ___cUMki isa guNasthAna meM jIva saMyamI hote hue bhI pramAdI hotA hai isalie ise 'pramattasaMyata guNasthAna' ke nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai| sAdhaka apanI AdhyAtmika paristhiti ke anusAra isa guNasthAna se nIce bhI gira sakatA hai aura Upara bhI car3ha sakatA hai| jaba sAdhaka 'eka samaya' ke pazcAt ukta avasthA se nIce giratA hai, taba vaha avirata bana jAtA hai arthAt caturtha guNasthAna meM pahu~ca jAtA hai aura yadi antarmuhUrta ke pazcAt patita hotA hai to vaha paMcamaguNasthAna meM pahuMcakara dezavirati bana jAtA hai| antarmuhUrta kA samaya binA kisI ghaTanA ke vyatIta ho jAne para sAdhaka sAtavIM avasthA meM pahu~ca jAtA hai| 7. apramattasaMyata guNasthAna" __AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ora bar3hate-bar3hate sAdhaka 'apramattasaMyata' nAmaka saptama guNasthAna para ArohaNa karatA hai| jaba SaSTha guNasthAnavI jIva ke saMjvalana aura nokaSAyoM kA maMda udaya hotA hai, taba vaha indriya-viSaya, vikathA, nidrAdi rUpa sarva pramAdoM se rahita hokara pramAdahIna saMyama kA pAlana karatA hai| isIlie isa avasthA ko 'apramattaguNasthAna' nAma diyA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya hai ki saptam guNasthAnavartI sAdhaka ko pramAdajanya vAsanAe~ ekadama nahIM chor3a detiiN| ve yadA-kadA use parezAna karatI rahatI haiN| ataH jahA~ eka ora apramAdajanya utkaTa sukha kA anubhava AtmA ko usa sthiti meM sthita rahane ke lie uttejita karatA hai vahA~ dUsarI ora pramAdajanya vAsanAe~ use apanI ora khIMcatI haiN| aisI sthiti meM vikAsagAmI AtmA kI pramAdajanya vAsanAe~ kabhI-kabhI udita ho jAtI haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa kabhI sAdha ka pramAdAvasthA meM vidyamAna rahatA hai to kabhI apramAdAvasthA meN| isaprakAra usakI nAva chaThe aura sAtaveM guNasthAna ke bIca DolatI rahatI hai| ouse 1. Jain Ethics, p. 214. 2. tattvArthasAra,2/22 SaTkhaNDAgama, 1/1/14; gommaTasAra(jIvakANDa), 32-33; guNasthAnakramAroha, 21, prAkRtapaJcasaMgraha, 1/14: bRhadravyasaMgrahaTIkA,13 pR0 42: yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/16 tattvArthasAra, 2/23: samavAyAMgasUtra, vyAkhyA, pR0 42 jainadharmadarzana, pR0467 Jain Philosophy, p. 211 SaTkhaNDAgama, 1/1/15 gommaTasAra(jIvakANDa), 50-54; guNasthAnakramAroha, 22, prAkRtapaJcasaMgraha. 1/16: bRhadavyasaMgrahaTIkA,13, pR0 42, yogazAstra svo0 vR0, 1/16 gommaTasAra(jIvakANDa), 34: prAkRtapaMcasaMgraha, 1/33 jainadharma, kailAzacandra zAstrI, pR0 236 10. darzana aura ciMtana, pR0 272

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 8. apUrvakaraNa athavA nivRttibAdara guNasthAna' sAtaveM guNasthAna taka AtmA kSayopazama bhAva kA anusaraNa karatA hai arthAt anantAnubandhI cAra kaSAyoM aura darzanamoha kI tIna ina sAta prakRtiyoM kA na to pUrNa rUpa se upazama kara pAtA hai aura na hI kSaya / agrima guNasthAna meM AtmA pramAdajanya ina antardvandvoM ko jItane ke lie eka vizeSa zakti ko bar3hAne kA prayatna karatA hai, jisase pUrva guNasthAnoM meM avaziSTa mohabala ko naSTa kiyA jA ske| cUMki isa avasthA meM sAdhaka nirantara zuddhatara hone vAlI abhUtapUrva Atma-pariNAma rUpa vizuddhi ko prApta karatA hai isalie isako 'apUrvakaraNa' nAmaka guNasthAna kahA gayA hai| yaha eka aisI avasthA hai jahA~ se jIva patita nahIM hotA, apitu usakA svarUpa apekSAkRta adhika pariSkRta hotA jAtA hai| - vizuddhatA ke tAratamya kI dRSTi se AtmA ke pariNAmoM kI tIna sthitiyA~ hotI haiM jinheM jaina paribhASA meM tIna karaNa kahA gayA hai| ye tIna karaNa haiM 1. yathApravRttikaraNa, 2. apUrvakaraNa aura 3 anivRttikaraNa / yathApravRttikaraNa ko prayAsa aura sAdhanA kA pariNAma na samajhate hue eka saMyoga, prAkRtika upalabdhi mAnA gayA hai / yathApravRttikaraNa kI pUrva avasthA apramattasaMyata nAmaka sAtaveM guNasthAna meM hotI hai, jabaki AThaveM guNasthAna meM yaha prakriyA badala jAtI hai| 'apUrvakaraNa' AThaveM guNasthAna meM hotA hai| isa avasthA meM mAnasika tanAva aura saMzaya pUrNarUpeNa samApta ho jAte haiM aura AtmA ko anupama zAnti kA anubhava hotA hai| yahIM se AtmA kI anAtmA para vijaya yAtrA prArambha hotI hai| vikAsagAmI AtmA ko yahA~ prathama bAra apUrva zAnti kI anubhUti hotI hai, isalie yaha prakriyA 'apUrvakaraNa' kahalAtI hai| isI prakaraNa ke AdhAra para hI isa guNasthAna kA nAma rakhA gayA hai| 1. AThaveM guNasthAna kA apara nAma 'nivRttibAdara guNasthAna' bhI hai| 'nivRtti' zabda kA artha hai - bheda / isa avasthA meM samasamayavartI jIvoM ke pariNAmoM meM bhinnatA rahatI hai aura bAdara saMjvalana kaSAyoM kA udaya hotA hai, ataH ise 'nivRttibAdara guNasthAna, kahA jAtA hai / 6 jaina- paramparA ke anusAra AThaveM guNasthAna se Age bar3hane vAle jIvoM kI do zreNiyA~ prArambha ho jAtI haiM - upazamazreNI aura kSapakazreNI / cAritramohanIyakarma kA upazama yA kSaya karane ke lie pariNAmoM kI jo santati hotI hai use 'zreNI' kahate haiM / 'zreNI' kA artha hai paMkti yA ktaar| jisa zreNI para jIva karmoM kA upazama karatA huA car3hatA hai, use 'upazamazreNI' kahate haiM aura jisa zreNI para jIva karmoM kA kSaya karatA huA car3hatA hai use 'kSapakazreNI' kahate haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki darzana-moha kA kSaya karane vAlA jIva hI 'kSapakazreNI para car3ha sakatA hai aura darzanamoha kA upazama yA kSaya karane vAlA jIva hI 'upazamazreNI' para car3ha sakatA hai|' jisaprakAra jala ke tala meM baiThA huA mala thor3A sA kSobha pAte hI Upara 2. 3. - 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 6. SaTkhaNDAgama. 1/1/16 : gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), 50-54; guNasthAnakramAroha, 23: prAkRtapaJcasaMgraha, 1/20 - 21: bRhadravyasaMgraha, TIkA, 13, pR0 42; yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/16 darzana aura ciMtana, pR0 272 ka) karaNaM tyAtmapariNAmo bhavyate / tacca trividhmiti.......| - vizeSAvazyakabhASya 1202, pR0 302 kha) karaNaM ahApavattaM apuvyamaniyameva bhavvANaM / - vahI, 1202 jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 2, pR0 4 ga) gha) yogabindu, 264 jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR0 451 197 nirbhedena vRttiH nivRttiH / - dhavalA, pustaka, 1. pR0 187 samavAyAMgasUtra, vyAkhyA, pR0 43 tattvArthasAra, 2/23 dhavalA, pustaka, 6, pR0 317 jainasiddhAnta, pR0 81-82

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198 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana uThakara jala ko malina kara detA hai usIprakAra pahale upazAnta kiyA huA moha bhI sAdhanA kI zakti ko parAjita kara detA hai arthAt prathama zreNI (upazamazreNI) vAle AtmAoM ko apane vega se nIce girA detA hai| isa zreNI para ArUr3ha AtmA gyArahaveM guNasthAna se Age nahIM jA sktaa| jabaki dUsarI (kSapaka) zreNI para ArUr3ha AtmA moha ko kramazaH kSINa karate-karate anta meM sarvathA nirmUla kara detA hai| aisA jIva apane prakaTa karake saba prakAra ke karmabandhanoM se chUTa kara mokSa ko prApta kara letA hai| yaha avasthA bArahaveM guNasthAna kI hai| yadyapi upazama evaM kSapaka donoM zreNiyoM ke jIvoM ko navA~ aura dasavA~ guNasthAna pAra karanA par3atA hai parantu Atmazuddhi va Atmabala meM taratamatA ke kAraNa prathama zreNI vAle jIva dasaveM guNasthAna ko pArakara anta meM gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM moha se hAra jAte haiM aura patita hokara nimna zreNiyoM meM pahu~ca jAte haiM jabaki dUsarI zreNI vAle jIva dasaveM guNasthAna meM itanA Atmabala prakaTa kara lete haiM ki anta meM moha ko sarvathA kSINa kara bArahaveM guNasthAna ko prApta kara lete haiN| AThaveM guNasthAna meM yadyapi na to moha kA upazama hotA hai aura na hI kSaya hotA hai, tathApi Age kiye jAne vAle karmoM ke upazama aura kSaya kI apekSA upacAra se ise 'upazamaka' aura 'kSapaka' kahate haiN| isa guNasthAna meM krodha aura mAna kA lopa ho jAtA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki AThaveM guNasthAna meM jIva 'zukladhyAna' rUpa vrata kA pAlana karatA 6. anivRtti-samparAya guNasthAna __sAdhaka kisI bhI zreNI para ArUr3ha hokara 'anivRttikaraNa' kI prakriyA kara sakatA hai| vikAsa kI ora bar3hate-bar3hate jaba sAdhaka nirvikalpasamAdhi ke abhimukha hotA hai to usakI saMjJA 'anivRttikaraNa guNasthAna' kahI jAtI hai| isa avasthA ko prApta sabhI jIvoM ke pariNAma taratamatA rahita sadRza hote haiN| isa guNasthAna meM pariNAmoM kI nivRtti arthAt vyAvRtti nahIM hotI, arthAt ve kabhI nahIM chuuttte| dUsare zabdoM meM isa guNasthAna meM pratisamaya (eka-eka samaya) meM eka-eka hI pariNAma hotA hai, kyoMki isa eka samaya meM pariNAmoM ke jaghanya va utkRSTa bheda nahIM hote| agrima guNasthAna kI apekSA isa guNasthAna meM kaSAyoM kA upazama athavA kSaya sthUla rUpa se hotA hai| yaha batAne ke lie hI isa guNasthAna ke nAma ke sAtha 'bAdara-samparAya' zabda jor3A gayA hai| 'samparAya' kA artha hai - kaSAya aura 'bAdara' kA artha hai - sthuul| AThaveM guNasthAna ke pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi kI apekSA naveM guNasthAna meM pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi anantaguNI adhika hotI hai| isa guNasthAna meM krodha, mAna aura mAyA nivRtta ho jAte haiM, parantu 'lobha' nAmaka kaSAya zeSa raha jAtA hai|12| h ouse 1. pravacanasAroddhAra, 700-708; darzana aura cintana, pR0 273 2. pravacanasAroddhAra, 664-666 darzana aura cintana, pR0 273-274 jaina siddhAnta, pR081 4. Fundamentals of Jainism, p. 83-84 SaTkhaNDAgama, 1/1/17; gommaTasAra(jIvakANDa), 18-57; guNasthAnakramAroha, 37: prAkRtapaJcasaMgraha. 1/20-21: bRhadravyasaMgraha, TIkA, 13 pR042-43; yogazAstra, svo0 vR01/16 jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhA0 1, pR067 8. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalATIkA, 1/1/17/183, gA0 116 SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalATIkA 1/1/17/186 gA0 120; gommaTasAra(jIvakANDa), gA057 va TIkA 10. tattvArthasAra, 2/26 Jain Ethics, p. 216; Studies in Jain Philosophy, p. 228 12. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 58, guNasthAnakramAroha, 71-72 11.

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 10. sUkSmasamparAya guNasthAna' dasaveM guNasthAna meM yadyapi sAdhaka lobha nAmaka kaSAya kA upazamana karatA hai tathApi usameM sUkSma lobha kI lAlimA ( sUkSma AbhA) bacI rahatI hai, isalie isakA nAma 'sUkSmasamparAya guNasthAna' rakhA gayA hai| isa guNasthAna meM sUkSma lobha rUpa kaSAya kA hI udaya hotA hai, anya kaSAyoM kA upazama yA kSaya ho jAtA hai / 2 prakRta guNasthAna ke sambandha meM jainAcAryoM ne lobha kA artha kiyA hai AtmA kI zarIra ke sAtha sUkSma Asakti / kucha AtmA upazamazreNI para car3hakara isa guNasthAna meM pahu~cate haiM to kucha kSapakazreNI para car3hakara sIdhe bArahaveM guNasthAna meM pahu~ca jAte haiN|" 11. upazAntamoha (kaSAya) guNasthAna kSapakazreNI vAle jIva ke lie gyArahaveM guNasthAna para pahu~canA saMbhava nahIM hotaa| kevala upazamazreNI vAle jIva hI isa guNasthAna meM pahu~ca pAte haiM arthAt jo sAdhaka krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA kSaya karane kI apekSA kevala upazAnta karatA huA hI Age bar3hatA hai, vaha kramazaH cAritrazuddhi karatA huA gyArahaveM guNasthAna ko prApta karatA hai| isa guNasthAna meM rahane vAlA jIva Age unnati nahIM krtaa| vaha antarmuhUrta (utkRSTatayA aura jaghanyatayA ekasamaya) ke lie mohanIyakarma ko upazAnta kara vItarAga avasthA prApta kara letA hai| kintu usa avadhi ke samApta hote hI vaha punaH prabhAva meM A jAtA hai| phalataH AtmA ke patana kA mArga punaH prazasta ho jAtA hai| isa guNasthAna se patita hokara AtmA kabhI-kabhI sabase nimna bhUmikA prathama guNasthAna taka bhI pahu~ca jAtA hai| isalie ise adhaHpatana kA sthAna kahA gayA hai| isa guNasthAna meM sthita jIva punaH apane dugune prayAsa dvArA kaSAyoM ko upazAnta athavA kSINa karatA huA anta meM kSapakazreNI para car3hakara mokSa prApta kara letA hai| 12. kSINakaSAya guNasthAna bArahaveM guNasthAna meM jIva mohanIyakarma ko sarvathA kSINa kara detA hai| prAcIna jaina granthoM meM kSapakazreNI vAlA sAdhaka gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM gae binA sIdhe dasaveM guNasthAna se bArahaveM guNasthAna meM pahu~ca jAtA hai| isa guNasthAna meM pahucakara jIva kabhI patana ko prApta nahIM karatA, apitu antarmuhUrta taka isI avasthA meM sthira rahakara niyama se terahaveM guNasthAna meM calA jAtA hai|" isa guNasthAna taka ke jIva chadmastha kahalAte haiM kyoMki isa avasthA taka unakA karmoM ke sAtha sambandha banA rahatA hai| isalie isa avasthA ko 'kSINakaSAya chaMdmastha" yA 'kSINakaSAya vItarAga chadmastha 12 guNasthAna bhI kahA jAtA hai| 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ut g j w 7. 8. 6. SaTkhaNDAgama, 1/1/18: gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), 58- 60: guNasthAnakramAroha, 72: prAkRtapaJcasaMgraha, 1/22-23: bRhadravyasaMgraha, TIkA, 13 pR0 43: yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/16 Studies in Jain Philosophy, p. 278; Jain Ethics, p. 216; jaina AcAra, pR0 36 Studies in Jain Philosophy, p. 278 darzana aura cintana, pR0 274 199 SaTkhaNDAgama. 1/1/16 gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), 61; guNasthAnakramAroha, 73; prAkRtapaJcasaMgraha, 1/24: bRhadravyasaMgraha, TIkA, 13 pR0 43: yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/16 bhAvasaMgraha, 655: dhavalA, pustaka 1, pR0 106 darzana aura cintana, pR0 275 vahI, pR0 274 SaTkhaNDAgama, 1/1/20 : gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ) 62 : guNasthAnakramAroha, 74; prAkRtapaJcasaMgraha, 1/25: bRhadravyasaMgraha, TIkA, 13 pR0 43: yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/16 Jain Ethics, p. 217 paJcasaMgraha, 1/27-30: tattvArthasAra, 2/26 10. 11. 12. jainasiddhAnta, pR0 83

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200. 13. sayogikevalI guNasthAna' I bArahaveM guNasthAna ke anta meM jaise hI ghAtIkarmoM kA nAza hotA hai, vikAsagAmI AtmA ko zIghra hI apane vizuddha svarUpa anantajJAna, anantavIrya anantadarzana aura anantasukha kI prApti ho jAtI hai| jaise pUrNimA kI rAta meM candramA kI sampUrNa kalAyeM prakAzamAna hotI haiM vaise hI isa guNasthAna meM AtmA kI cetanA Adi sabhI pramukha zaktiyA~ vikasita ho jAtI haiN|' terahaveM guNasthAna kI isa avasthA ko sayogakevalI. ' sayogikevali' tathA sayogikevalIjina guNasthAna' ke nAma se bhI citrita kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ 'kevala' pada se kevalajJAna kA grahaNa huA hai mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti ko jainadarzana meM 'yoga' kahA gayA hai| ' ataH mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyoM se yukta jIva ko sayogI kahate haiM isaprakAra jisa guNasthAna meM vizuddha jJAna prApta kara lene para jIva meM zArIrika pravRttiyA~ vidyamAna rahatI haiM use 'sayogakevalI' athavA 'sayogIkevalI' kahA jAtA hai, jo pAtaJjalayogasUtra sammata samprajJAtasamAdhi kI avasthA ke samakakSa mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa guNasthAna meM prApta sarvajJatA kI sthiti kI tulanA pAtaJjalayoga kI vivekakhyAti se kI jA sakatI hai| A0 haribhadra ne isa tulanA kI ora hamArA dhyAna bhI AkRSTa kiyA hai| pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM 'vivekajajJAna' se pUrva prAtibhajJAna' kI sthiti mAnI gaI hai| 'prAtibhajJAna' kA hI dUsarA nAma 'tArakajJAna' bhI hai| jaise sUryodaya se pUrva AkAza meM usakI aruNa prabhA kA AvirbhAva hotA hai, vaise hI vivekakhyAti ke pahale tArakajJAna kA udaya mAnA gayA hai|" A0 haribhadra ne ukta prAtibhajJAna kI saMgati kevalajJAna se pUrvavartI svAnubhUti yA svasaMvedana jJAna ke sAtha biThAI hai| isa prAtibhajJAna ko yogaja adRSTajanita batAyA gayA hai| jaina dRSTi meM zrutajJAna svAnubhUti kevalajJAna, yaha krama svIkRta hai jisaprakAra rAtri aura dina ke madhya meM saMdhyA hotI hai usIprakAra zrutajJAna aura kevalajJAna ke madhya ukta 'prAtibhajJAna' hotA hai| ukta prAtibhajJAna ke saMbaMdha meM yogasUtra ke TIkAkAroM evaM A0 haribhadra ke nirUpaNa meM pUrNa samAnatA yahA~ ullekhanIya hai / A0 haribhadra ne apane yogadRSTisamuccaya kI svopajJa vyAkhyA meM pAtaJjalayoga sammata tArakajJAna aura ukta prAtibhajJAna kI ekatA kA saMketa bhI kiyA hai / " > I 1. 2.. 3. 5. 6. 7. 8. - pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana SaTkhaNDAgama, 1/12/21 gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa). 63. 64: guNasthAnakamAroha 83 prAkRtapaJcasaMgraha 1/27 26 bRhadravyasaMgraha TIkA, 13 pR0 43: yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/16 darzana aura cintana, pR0 275 jainasiddhAnta pR0 83 SaTkhaNDAgama, 1/1/21: gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa). 63. 64: guNasthAnakramAroha 83 prAkRtapaJcasaMgraha 1/27 26. yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/16 tatvArthasUtra zrutasAgarIyavRtti 1/1 tatvArthasUtra 6/1 draSTavya : pAtaJjalayogasUtra 3/33 para vyAsabhASya evaM bhojavRtti A0 haribhadra se pUrvavartI jainagranthoM meM prAtibhajJAna ko matijJAna kA hI eka bheda mAnA gayA hai| paravartIkAla meM ise anumAna pramANa ke antargata svIkAra kiyA gyaa| jaise ratnAdi ke prabhAva evaM mUlyAdi ko sAmAnyajana na jAna sakeM, kintu atyanta abhyAsa ke kAraNa tadvizeSajJa vyakti usake prabhAva evaM mUlyAdi ko tatkAla jAna leM aise jJAna ko 'prAtibha' kahA gayA hai| A0 haribhadra ne pAramparika jJAna se bhinna prAtibhajJAna kA ullekha kiyA hai| upA0 yazovijaya bhI unhIM kA anusaraNa karate pratIta hote haiN| draSTavya tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1/13/388 50 217 tattvArthasUtra zrutasAgarIyavRtti 12/13 zAstravArtAsamuccaya 8 /62 6. yogadRSTisamuccaya, gA0 8 para svo0 vR0; adhyAtmopaniSad, 2/2 10. yogadRSTisamuccaya, gA0 para svo0 0 -

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 14. ayogikevali (ayogakevalI yA ayogijina) guNasthAna' terahaveM guNasthAna ke anta meM jIva mokSa prApti ke lie prayatna karatA huA avaziSTa cAra aghAtIkarmoM ko bhI kSINa karane ke lie dhyAna rUpI agni kA Azraya letA hai aura mAnasika, vAcika evaM kAyika pravRttiyoM ko niruddha karatA huA 'ayogakevalI' nAmaka caudahaveM guNasthAna meM praveza karatA hai| jaina zAstroM meM ise ayogikevali yA ayogijina' guNasthAna bhI kahA gayA hai| yaha avasthA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI parAkASThA athavA caramAvasthA tathA antima guNasthAna hai| isa guNasthAna meM jIva samucchinnakriyApratipAti nAmaka utkRSTatama zukladhyAna ke dvArA sumeruparvata kI taraha niSprakampa sthiti ko prApta kara anta meM deha kA tyAga kara siddhAvasthA ko prApta hotA hai| yahI avasthA nirguNa brahma, pUrNAnanda, saccidAnanda, paramAtmapada, svarUpasiddhi, mokSa, kaivalya aura nirvANa kI mAnI jAtI hai / 4 uparyukta caudaha guNasthAnoM ke mAdhyama se jaina paramparA meM AtmA kI avikasita avasthA se lekara vikAsa kI ora bar3hate hue anta meM pUrNatA kI prApti taka kI avasthAoM kI saMkSipta jhAMkI prastuta kI gaI hai| inake vivecana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki kisa prakAra AtmA eka-eka sopAna para ArUr3ha hotA huA kramazaH mithyAtva ko chor3akara samyaktva ko prApta karatA hai| samyaktva se hI jaina- paramparA meM AdhyAtmika unnati kA prArambha mAnA gayA hai| samyaktva arthAt samyagzraddhA se hI jIva (azubha) pApakarmoM kI nivRtti kI ora apanA prayAsa zurU karatA hai| pApakarmoM kI nivRtti se apramattatA AtI hai| apramattatA se kramazaH kaSAyoM kI mukti hotI hai| kaSAya mukti se karmoM kA nirodha hotA hai| isa prakAra zanaiH-zanaiH prayatna karatA huA jIva kramazaH samasta karmoM kA kSaya karake mokSAvasthA arthAt svarUpAvasthA ko prApta karatA hai| ataH ina guNasthAnoM ko AtmavikAsa ke kramika sopAna kahanA anupayukta na hogA / (kha) AtmA kI tIna avasthAe~ mithyAdarzana yukta ajJAnI jIva kI prArambhika avasthA se lekara AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI prApti taka kI sampUrNa yAtrA meM Ane vAlI jina avasthAoM kA caudaha guNasthAnoM ke rUpa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai, ve hI saMkSipta rUpa meM AtmA kI tIna avasthAoM ke nAma se bhI citrita kI gaI haiN| ye tIna avasthAe~ haiM bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA / pahale tIna guNasthAna, jo ajJAnAvasthA ko sUcita karate haiM, 'bahirAtmA' ke nAma se varNita haiM / caturtha guNasthAna meM jaba jIva ko samyagdarzana kI prApti ho jAtI hai to usake lie Atmonnati / adhyAtmonnati kA mArga khula jAtA hai| ataH jIva apanA puruSArtha prArambha kara apanI yogyatA aura pAtratA meM kramazaH vRddhi karane lagatA hai| caturtha guNasthAna se lekara bArahaveM guNasthAna taka jIva kA prayAsa jArI rahatA hai| jIva ke isa sampUrNa abhyAsakrama ko 'antarAtmA' kahA gayA hai| unnati karatA huA jIva anta meM sarvopari maMjila ko prApta karatA hai| terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNasthAna ko pUrNatA, pUrNAvasthA, caramAvasthA yA siddhAvasthA kahA jAtA hai, jisakA yahA~ 'paramAtmA' ke nAma se varNana kiyA gayA hai| inheM kramazaH avikAsa, vikAsa aura pUrNatA kI avasthA bhI kahA jAtA hai| inake lie 1. 201 2. 3. 4. 5. SaTkhaNDAgama, 1/1/22: gommaTasAra, (jIvakANDa), 65: guNasthAnakramAroha, 103. 104 prAkRtapaJcasagraha, 1/100: bRhadravyasaMgrahaTIkA, 13 pR0 43: yogazAstra, svo0 vR0, 1/16 prAkRtapaJcasaMgraha, 1/100, dhavalA, pustaka, 1, pR0 280: bRhadravyasaMgrahaTIkA, 13 pR0 43 paJcasaMgraha, malayagirivRtti, 1/15 pR0 32 SaTkhaNDAgama, 1/1/22 evaM dhavalATIkA, pR0 223 darzana aura cintana, pR0 275 mokSaprAbhRt 4: samAdhitantra, 4; paramAtmaprakAza, 1/11 : bRhadravyasaMgraha, TIkA, 14 pR0 46: kArttikeyAnuprekSA 162 : jJAnArNava, 26/5 yogazAstra, 12 / 7: adhyAtmasAra, 7/20, 21: dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 20/17 18 adhyAtmamataparIkSA, 125 para svo0 vR0 pR0 336 40

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202 kramazaH patitAvasthA, sAdhakAvasthA aura siddhAvasthA nAma bhI milate haiN|' A0 kundakunda ne bahirAtmA ko heya, antarAtmA ko paramAtmA kI avasthA prApta karane kA upAdeya sAdhana aura paramAtmA ko dhyeya mAnA hai / A0 hemacandra evaM upA0 yazovijaya' ne bahirAtmA ko zarIra, antarAtmA ko zarIra kA adhiSThAtA evaM paramAtmA ko samagra upAdhiyoM se rahita, Anandamaya, cinmaya rUpa tathA indriyoM se agocara kahA hai / AtmA kI ina tIna avasthAoM meM hI caudaha guNasthAnoM kI avasthAe~ samA jAtI haiN| AtmA kI tIna avasthAoM kA spaSTa rUpa se varNana A0 kundakunda kI dena hai| unhoMne sarvaprathama 'mokSaprAbhRta' meM inakI vyAkhyA kI hai| paravartI digambara zvetAmbara sabhI jainAcAryoM ne inhIM kA anukaraNa kara AtmA kI ina avasthAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| gRhIta AcAryoM meM A0 haribhadra eka maulika cintaka the| unhoMne AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko guNasthAnakrama tathA AtmA kI uparyukta tIna avasthAoM ke sthAna para vividha dRSTiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyaa| ATha dRSTiyoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue unhoMne bahirAtmA kI sthiti kA prathama cAra dRSTiyoM taka tathA antarAtmA kI sthiti kA pAMcavI se sAtavIM dRSTi taka varNana kara AThavIM dRSTi meM paramAtma svarUpa kI upalabdhi kA saMketa kiyA hai| 1. bahirAtmA prathama avasthA meM AtmA kA yathArtha svarUpa karma-AvaraNoM se pUrNataH AcchAdita rahatA hai| ataH usakA jJAna bhI mithyAtva yukta hotA hai| mithyAtva karma ke udaya ke kAraNa Atma-svarUpa se anabhijJa jIva, zarIrAdi ko hI AtmA samajhatA hai| heya, upAdeya yA hitAhita kA viveka na hone se vaha viSaya bhogoM meM hI Asakta rahatA hai| ukta avasthA meM vidyamAna jIva ko bahirAtmA' kI koTi meM parigaNita kiyA jAtA hai / " 2. antarAtmA dvitIya avasthA meM mithyAtva ke naSTa ho jAne se samyagdarzana kA AvirbhAva ho jAtA hai aura AtmA ko sva-para kA viveka arthAt bheda jJAna kI pratIti hone lagatI hai| jainamatAnusAra jisa avasthA meM zarIra ko AtmA na mAnane kI pravRtti utpanna ho jAe aura zarIra va AtmA meM bheda pratIta hone lage, use, 'antarAtmA' kahA jAtA hai|' A0 kundakunda ne ise 'paramAtmAvasthA ko prApta karane kA upAdeya sAdhana mAnA hai / " A0 zubhacandra evaM upA0 yazovijaya prabhRti jaina vidvAna bhI 'antarAtmA' ko sAdhakAvasthA samajhate haiM kyoMki isa avasthA meM jIva zubhAzaya se dhArmika kriyAoM kA AcaraNa karatA huA AdhyAtmika unnati kI ora agrasara hotA hai| " 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. mokSaprAbhRta, 5, 8 6. jJAnArNava, 26/5-10: mokSaprAbhRta, 5-8: samAdhitaMtra, 4: paramAtmaprakAza, 1/12: adhyAtmasAra, 7/20/21 - 24: yogazAstra, 12/7 dRSTiyoM kA vistRta vivecana, pR0 212-252 para hai| 7. mokSaprAmRta, 6 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 162 paramAtmaprakAza 1/13: samAdhitaMtra, 7; yogasAra, 7 jJAnArNava 29/6, 11-16, 22: yogazAstra, 12/7: adhyAtmasAra, 7/20/20-21: adhyAtmamataparIkSA, 125 para svo0 vR0 mokSaprAmRta, 5 niyamasAra 150 samAdhitaMtra, 5 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 194: jJAnArNava, 29/7 yogazAstra, 12 / 7: adhyAtmasAra, 7/20/21: dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 26/17 adhyAtmamataparIkSA, 125 para svo0 vR0 darzana aura cintana, pR0 262 movAprAbhUta, 5.8 yogazAstra, 12/7 6. pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana adhyAtmasAra, 7/20/21 dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 20/17 10. mokSaprAmRta, 5-8 11. jJAnArNava, 26 / 6, 10 adhyAtmasAra, 7/20/23

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 203 DA0 dayAnanda bhArgava ne 'antarAtmA' kI tulanA yogadarzana ke 'kaivalya prAgbhAra' se kI hai|' yogadarzana ke anusAra vivekajJAna ko prApta huA AtmA kaivalya kI ora abhimukha hotA hai| 'kaivalya prAgbhAra' kA artha hI hai - kaivalya kI ora jhukA huA yA abhimukh| 'antarAtmA' bhI samyagjJAna prApta hone para mokSa kI ora abhimukha hokara dhArmika kriyAoM meM pravRtta hotA hai| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki yadyapi antarAtmA kI sthiti cauthe guNasthAna se lekara bArahaveM guNasthAna taka mAnI gaI hai kintu yahA~ utkRSTa antarAtmA se tAtparya hai| utkRSTa antarAtmA kI sthiti sAtaveM guNasthAna se zurU hotI hai| AThaveM guNasthAna se AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI do dhArAe~ calatI haiM - upazama va kSapaka / upazamadhArA meM gyArahaveM guNasthAna taka pahu~cakara bhI sAdhaka punaH nIce A jAtA hai| kSapaka zreNI para car3hane vAlA sAdhaka naveM, dasaveM guNasthAna se hotA huA (gyArahave meM na jAkara) sIdhe bArahave guNasthAna meM jAtA hai aura terahaveM guNasthAna meM sarvajJatva (Izvaratva) ko prApta karatA hai| ataH 'kaivalya prAgbhAra' kI samatA kSapakazreNI para ArUr3ha utkRSTa antarAtmA kI sthiti se karanA ucita hogaa| 3. paramAtmA ___ saMsArI jIvoM meM AtmA kI sabase utkRSTa avasthA paramAtmA' kahI jAtI hai| karmAvaraNoM se nirlipta saMkalpa-vikalpAdi upAdhiyoM se rahita zuddha, Anandamaya evaM anantaguNoM se yukta AtmA ko paramAtmA' nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| bahirAtmA aura antarAtmA donoM kA kramazaH tyAga karane se paramAtmA' kA svarUpa pratibhAsita hotA hai| ukta avasthA kI tulanA pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM varNita kaivalyAvasthA se kI jA sakatI hai| (ga) trividha upayoga jahA~ kucha svataMtra cintakoM ne bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA - ina trividha sopAnoM meM AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai vahA~ unhoMne azubhopayoga, zubhopayoga tathA zuddhopayoga ina trividha upayogoM ke mAdhyama se bhI AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama kA varNana karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| cetanA kI pariNati vizeSa kA nAma 'upayoga' hai| cetanA sAmAnya guNa hai aura jJAna-darzana isakI do paryAya avasthAe~ haiN| inhIM ko upayoga kahate haiN| A0 kundakunda ne AtmA ke pariNamana kI apekSA se upayoga ke tIna bheda batAe~ haiM - 1. azubhopayoga, 2. zubhopayoga, 3. shuddhopyog| azubha aura zubha anuSThAna ke karane se kramazaH azubha aura zubha bhAva utpanna hote haiN| jaba AtmA zubha aura azubha anuSThAnoM ke vikalpoM se rahita nirvikalpa rUpa ho jAtA hai, taba usake zuddha bhAva utpanna hote 4. Jain Ethics, p. 206 2. tadAvivekanimna kaivalya prAgbhAraM cittam / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra. 4/26 paramAtmA saMsArijIvebhyaH utkRSTaH aatmaa|- samAdhitaMtra, TIkA, 6/225/15 mokSaprAbhRta, 5 niyamasAra, 7; bhAvasaMgraha, 272, 273, kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 165-166; paramAtmaprakAza, 1/15; jJAnArNava, 26/8; yogazAstra, 12/8; adhyAtmasAra,7/20/24dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 20/18: adhyAtmamataparIkSA, 125 para svo0 vR0 ka) bAhyAtmAnamapAsyaivAntarAtmAnaM tatastyajetA prakAzayatyayaM yogaH svarUpa parameSThinaH / / - jJAnArNava, 26/24 kha) pRthagAtmAnaM kAyAtpRthak ca vidyAtsadAtmanaH kaaym| ubhayorbhedajJAtAtmanizcaye na skhaledhogI / / - yogazAstra, 12/6 6. sarvArthasiddhi,7/32; tattvArtharAjavArtika, 7/32/6 7. appA uvaogappA uyaogo NANadaMsaNaM bhnnido| so vi suho asuho vA uvaogo appaNo hvdi|| - pravacanasAra, 2/63

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204 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana haiN| jIva zubha, azubha athavA zuddha jisa kisI bhAva ke rUpa meM pariNamana karatA hai, vaisA hI ho jAtA hai| A0 kundakunda ke anusAra AtmA jaba zuddha bhAva ke rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai, taba nirvANa kA sukha prApta karatA hai, jaba zubhabhAva rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai, taba svarga kA sukha prApta karatA hai aura jaba azubha bhAva rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai, taba hIna manuSya, nAraka yA pazu Adi banakara sahasroM duHkhoM se pIr3ita hotA huA cirakAla taka saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| mithyAtva, sAsAdana aura mizra guNasthAnoM ke jIvoM ke azubhopayoga hotA hai| caturtha guNasthAna se chaThe guNasthAna taka ke jIvoM ko tAratamya rUpa se zubhopayoga hotA hai| zuddhopayoga apramatta nAmaka sAtaveM guNasthAna se kSINakaSAya nAmaka 12veM guNasthAna taka ke jIvoM ke tAratamya rUpa se hotA hai| sayogakevalI aura ayogakevalIjina honA zuddhopayoga kA phala hai| A0 kundakunda dvArA nirUpita zubha-azubha yA zuddha bhAvoM ke pariNAmoM kI hI A0 zubhacandra ne Azayabheda se carcA kI hai| unhoMne jIva ke Azaya ko puNyAzaya, azubhAzaya aura zuddhopayoga ke bheda se tIna prakAra kA batAyA hai tathA yaha nirdeza diyA hai ki unameM puNyAzaya ke vazIbhUta hokara lezyA kA Alambana letA huA jo bhavya jIva vastusvarUpa kA cintana karatA hai usake prazasta dhyAna hotA hai| isake viparIta azubhAzaya ke vazI vazIbhata hokara cintana karane vAle jIva ke asadadhyAna (dAna) hotA hai| rAgAdi ke kSINa ho jAne ke kAraNa antarAtmA ke prasanna hone para jo Atma-svarUpa kI prApti hotI hai, use zuddhopayoga yA zuddhAzaya kahA gayA hai| zubha dhyAna kA phala jahA~ svarga meM deva yA indra ke vaibhava kI prApti hai," vahA~ durdhyAna kA phala narakAdi durgati kI prApti hai| zuddhopayoga kI prApti kA phala jJAnarAjya (kaivalya) kI prApti hai| (gha) dRSTi-vibhAjana yogadRSTisamuccaya meM A0 haribhadra ne jaina-paramparA sammata AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama kI 'guNasthAna' saMjJaka vibhinna avasthAoM kA nirUpaNa dRSTiyoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA hai| 'dRSTi' se abhiprAya hai - 'satya ke prati zraddhAyukta bodha' / ukta bodha sAdhaka kI asat pravRttiyoM ko naSTa kara satpravRtti kI ora le jAtA hai|10 vikAsa kI pratyeka avasthA sAdhaka ko eka navIna dRSTi pradAna karatI hai, isalie A0 haribhadra ne AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI kramika avasthAoM ke lie 'dRSTi' sambodhana prayukta kiyA hai| jainamatAnusAra asat bodha taba taka hotA hai jaba taka AtmA kI moha rAgamayI granthi kA bhedana nahIM hotaa| granthi-bheda hue OM use 1. pravacanasAra, 1/8-12 mithyAtvasAsAdanamizraguNasthAnatraye tAratamyenAzubhopayogaH, tdnntrmsNytsmygdRssttideshvirtprmttsNytgunnsthaantrye| tAratamyena zubhopayogaH, tadanantaramapramattAdikSINakaSAyAntaguNasthAnaSaTke tAratamyena zuddhopayogaH, tadanantaraM sayogayogijinaguNasthAnadvaye zuddhopayogaphalamiti bhAvArthaH / / - pravacanasAra, 1/6 para jayasenAcAryakRta tAtparyaTIkA tatra puNyAzayaH pUrvastadvipakSo'zubhAzayaH / zuddhopayogasaMjJo yaH sa tRtIyaH prakIrtitaH / / - jJAnArNaya, 3/28 vahI. 3/26 5. jJAnArNava, 3/30 vahI, 3/31 vahI. 3/32 vahI, 3/33 vahI, 3/34 ka) satchraddhAsaMgato bodho dRssttiritybhidhiiyte| asatpravRttivyAghAtAt satpravRttipadAvahaH / / -yogadRSTisamuccaya, 17 kha) dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 20/25 11. Yogadrstisamuccaya& Yogavimsika, Introduction, p. 1

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 205 binA samyagdarzana kI prApti nahIM hotI aura samyagdarzana ko prApta kie binA sAdhaka mokSa-mArga meM unnati nahIM kara sktaa| dUsare zabdoM meM yoga-sAdhanA kA yathArtha prArambha samyagdRSTi se hI hotA hai| oghadRSTi _ samyagdarzana kI prApti se pUrva jo asat bodha hotA hai use hI mithyAdarzana, darzanamohanIya, mithyAtva athavA avidyA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| sAmAnya vyakti kI dRSTi anAdikAlIna pragAr3ha mithyAtva se / / hai aura usame nAnA prakAra ke jJAnAvaraNAdi kamoM ke kSayopazama kI vicitratA hotI hai isalie use 'oghadRSTi' ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| 'oghadRSTi' vAlA jIva viveka aura jJAna kA abhAva hone se saMsArAbhimukhI hotA hai| ataH 'oghadRSTi' saMsAra ke pravAha meM patita, avidyA meM nimagna vyakti kI cetanA kI avasthA hai| pataJjali ke anusAra yaha sabhI klezoM kI mUla hai aura svayaM bhI mahAkleza hai| yogAcAryoM kA mata hai ki oghadRSTi ke kAraNa hI tattvadarzana meM bhedadRSTigocara hotA hai| 'oghadRSTi' se Upara uThakara sAdhaka 'yogadRSTi' meM praveza karatA hai| 'yogadRSTi' 'oghadRSTi' se viparIta hotI hai| 'oghadRSTi' 'yogadRSTi' kI pUrvavartI avasthA hai| A0 haribhadra dvArA kiyA gayA 'oghadRSTi' va 'yogadRSTi' kA vibhAjana bauddha paramparA se anuprANita pratIta hotA hai| yogadRSTi A0 haribhadra ne jIva ke karmamala kI tAratamyatA ke bheda se hone vAle bodha ko ATha yogadaSTiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| jaise-jaise AtmA kA karma-mAlinya ghaTatA jAtA hai vaise-vaise AtmA vizuddhi kI ora bar3hatI jAtI hai| AtmA kI vizuddhatA ke sAtha sAdhaka kI dRSTi bhI vikasita hotI jAtI hai| usake samakSa jo ajJAnAndhakAra hotA hai vaha dhIre-dhIre kama hotA jAtA hai aura bodha rUpI prakAza meM vRddhi hotI jAtI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa sAdhaka ko Age kA mArga spaSTa dikhAI dene lagatA hai| isase usakA Age bar3hane kA utsAha bhI bar3hatA jAtA hai| bar3hate-bar3hate vaha anta meM pUrNatA (pUrNaprakAza-jJAna) prApta kara letA hai| pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi kA yaha krama vikAsazIla yogadRSTiyoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| A0 haribhadrasUri ke anusAra yogadRSTiyA~ ATha haiM, jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM - mitrA, tArA, balA, dIprA, sthirA, kAntA, prabhA aura praa| 1. adhyAtma pravezikA, pR0 142 2. ka) sameghA'megharAtryAdau sagrahAdharbhakAdivat / oghadRSTiriha jJeyA, mithyAdRSTItarAzrayA || - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 14 kha) sameghAmegharAtriMndivarUpadarzanavat klissttaaklissttlaukikiishaikssyshaikssiibhidRssttibhirdhrmdrshnm| - abhidharmakozamASya, 1/41 3. avidyA'smitArAgadveSAbhinivezAH paMcaklezAH / avidyA kSetramuttareSAm ..... / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2, 3, 4 4. etannibandhano'yaM darzanabheda iti yogAcAryAH / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, gA0 13 para svo0 vR0 ka) Haribhadra's distinction between oghadrsti and Yogadrsti has some parallel in Buddhism. - Yogadrstisamuccaya & Yogavimsika, Preface, p.5 kha) tulanA : tathaughayogAdRSTInAM pRthAgbhAvastu pATavAt / - abhidharmakoza, 5/37 yogadRSTya ucyante aSTau sAmAnyatastutAH |- yogadRSTisamuccaya, 12 mitrA tArA balA dIprA sthirA kAntA prabhA praa| nAmAni yoga dRSTInAM lakSaNaM ca nibodhata / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 12, 13

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206 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana aisA pratIta hotA hai ki A0 haribhadra ko yogadRSTiyoM ke aSTavidha vibhAjana kA sujhAva bauddha- paramparA ke abhidharmakoza' aura usake bhASya meM varNita ATha dRSTiyoM se milA hai| ukta ATha dRSTiyoM ke nirUpaNa meM pataJjali ke aSTAMgayoga (ATha aMgoM), bhagavadatta dvArA nirUpita ATha doSoM aura bhadanta bhAskara dvArA pratipAdita ATha guNoM meM ekasUtratA dRSTigata hotI hai| yoga ke ATha aMga aura ATha yogadRSTiyoM kI saMkhyA barAbara hone se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki A0 haribhadra kA yogadRSTi-vivecana pAtaJjalayogadarzana se adhika prabhAvita huA hai| dRSTiyoM ke lakSaNa se yaha bhI AbhAsa hotA hai ki haribhadra ke samakSa AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI praNAlI meM kramika avasthAoM kI tIna mahatvapUrNa vivecanAe~ rahI hoMgI, jinako unhoMne ATha dRSTiyoM ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA aura apane pUrvavartI AcAryoM kI isa vivecanA meM pAI jAne vAlI ATha kramika avasthAoM meM ATha kI saMkhyA ko hI yathArtha mAnakara apane vivecana kA AdhAra bnaayaa| isalie DaoN0 dIkSita yaha mAnate haiM ki A0 haribhadra dvArA yogadRSTiyoM ke rUpa meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI avasthAoM kA jo vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai usameM jaina-paramparA kA abhilakSaka kucha bhI nahIM hai| ve kisI jainetara-paramparA se lie gaye haiN| parantu vAstavikatA yaha hai ki A0 haribhadra ne AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama meM tIna bhinna-bhinna paramparAoM se sahAyatA lekara abhinava dRSTikoNa prastuta karate hue sAmpradAyika bheda ko miTAne ke lie sabhI meM sAmya darzAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| unakA mata hai ki yogadRSTi meM praveza karake sAdhaka jaba yama-niyama Adi kA abhyAsa karatA hai taba usameM (sAdhaka meM) vidyamAna kheda, udvega Adi doSoM kI nivRtti hone lagatI hai, rAga aura dveSa zAMta hone lagate haiM tathA pariNAmasvarUpa adveSa; jijJAsA Adi guNoM kA udbhava hone lagatA hai aura mitrA Adi yoga dRSTiyA~ utpanna hotI haiM evaM sAdhaka kramazaH uttarottara dRSTiyoM ko prApta karatA jAtA hai| pataJjali ke ATha yogAMga, bhagavadatta ke ATha doSa aura bhadanta bhAskara ke ATha guNa kA jaina-paramparA se paraspara sambandha jor3ane ke lie ATha dRSTiyoM kI abhinava kalpanA A0 haribhadra ke vaiziSTya aura gUDha vicAroM kI sUcaka hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki A0 haribhadra ne sAdhanAkrama meM tattvajJAna kI prApti hetu cintana kI sthitiyoM kA atyanta sUkSma adhyayana kiyA thaa| yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya yaha hai ki ATha yogadRSTiyoM meM bhI prathama cAra dRSTiyA~ mithyAtva yukta hone se prathama guNasthAnavartI mAnI jAtI haiN| ataH unakA antarbhAva bhI 'oghadRSTi' meM honA cAhiye thA, parantu 1. cakSuzca dharmadhAtozca pradezo dRSTiH aSTadhA / - amidharmakoza, 1/41 draSTavya : abhidharmakoza 1/41 para bhASya Studies in Jain Philosophy, p.2 Haribhadra seems to have had before him three important treatments of the successive stages in the process of spiritual development, treatments which all enumerated these stages as eight. Having himself decided to devide the process in question into eight stages Haribhadra felt that the eight. successive stages occuring in the treatment of his three predecessors exactly corresspond to the eight that were to occure in his own proposed treatment. -Yogadratisamuccaya& Yogavimsikii, p. 26 Yogadrstisamuccaya & Yogavinsika, p. 24, 25 yamAdiyogayuktAnAM khedAdiparihArataH / adveSAdiguNasthAnaM krameNaiSA satAM matA / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 16 ymniymaasnpraannaayaamprtyaahaardhaarnnaadhyaansmaadhyo'ssttaavnggaani|- pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/21 khedodvegakSepotthAnabhrAntyanyamudrugAsaMgaiH yuktAni hi cittAni prapaMcato vrjyenmtimaan| -uddhRta : yogadRSTisamuccaya, gA0 16 svo0 vR0 adveSo jijJAsA zuzrUSA zravaNabodhamImAMsA / / parizuddhA pratipattiH pravRttiraSTAMgikI tattve / / - vahI 10. evaM krameNaiSA sadRSTiH satAM' - munInAM bhagavatpataJjalibhadantabhAskarabandhubhagavaddattAdInAM yoginAmityarthaH 'mtaa'--issttaa| - vahI

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 207 mithyAvRSTi hone para bhI prathama cAra dRSTiyoM meM sthita jIvoM meM mithyAtva kI vaha pragAr3hatA nahIM hotI jo anya sAmAnya jIvoM meM hotI hai| prathama cAra dRSTiyA~ AtmA ko samyagdarzana ke samIpa lAne meM sahAyaka hotI haiM, isalie inakA antarbhAva 'yogadRSTiyoM' meM kiyA gayA hai| jaba taka AtmA meM mithyAtva kA kucha bhI aMza vidyamAna rahatA hai, vaha satkriyAoM meM pravRtta nahIM ho sktaa| prathama cAra dRSTiyA~ 'mithyAdRSTi' nAmaka prathama guNasthAnavartI hone se 'asat dRSTiyA~' kahI jAtI haiN| pAMcavIM dRSTi meM moharAgamayI granthi kA bhedana ho jAne se mithyAtva naSTa ho jAtA hai aura samyagdarzana kI prApti hotI hai| isase sAdhaka ke lie mokSa kA mArga khula jAtA hai| use Age unnati karane kI sAmarthya prApta ho jAtI hai| pAMcavIM se Age kI samasta dRSTiyA~ samyagdarzana yukta hotI haiM isalie unakI pravRtti satkriyAoM meM hI hotI hai asat meM nhiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki antima cAra dRSTiyoM ko satdRSTiyA~ kahA jAtA hai| cU~ki prathama cAra dRSTiyoM meM mithyAtva kA aMza vidyamAna rahatA hai, isalie inakI vRtti saMsArAbhimukhI rahatI hai, jisase inake patana kI bhI saMbhAvanA hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki A0 haribhadra ne inheM pratipAti' evaM 'sApAyA' arthAt apAyayukta (doSayukta) kahA hai| antima cAra dRSTiyA~ samyagdRSTi jIvoM ko hI prApta hotI haiN| inameM AtmA AtmavikAsa kI ora unmukha hotI hai| inameM praveza pAne ke pazcAt sAdhaka kA patana nahIM hotaa| isalie inheM apratipAti aura bAdhArahita kahA gayA hai| apratipAti dRSTi prApta hone para hI yogI sAdhaka apane carama lakSya kI ora prayANa karatA hai| prathama cAra dRSTiyA~ yathArtha jJAna se rahita hone ke kAraNa avedyasaMvedyapada' kahI jAtI haiN| jabaki agrima cAra dRSTiyA~ yathArtha jJAna se yukta hone ke kAraNa vedyasaMvedyapada' kahalAtI haiN| avedyasaMvedyapada kA nirAkaraNa (atikramaNa) satpuruSoM kI saMgati aura zAstrazravaNa se hotA hai| A0 haribhadra ne ATha yogadRSTiyoM kI tulanA kramazaH tRNAgni, kaNDAgni, kASThAgni, dIpakAgni, ratnaprabhA, nakSatraprabhA, sUryaprabhA tathA candraprabhA se kI hai jo kramazaH uttarottara vRddhi kI dyotaka haiN| cUMki A0 haribhadra ne ATha yoga dRSTiyoM ko pataJjali sammata yama-niyama Adi ATha aMgoM ke samAnAntara nAmabheda ke sAtha darzAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki eka yogAMga kI sAdhanA se eka-eka yogadRSTi prApta hotI hai, isalie yahA~ yogadRSTiyoM ke sAtha yogAMgoM kA tulanAtmaka vivecana prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| | ka) pratipAtayutAzcAdhAzcatastro nottarAstathA / sApAyA api caitAstatpratipAtena netarA: / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 16 kha) dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 20/28 2. jisameM bAhyavedha arthAt jAnane yogya, anubhava karane yogya viSayoM ke saMvedana aura jJAna kA abhAva ho use 'avedyasaMvedyapada kahate haiN| ' 3. ka) avedyasaMvedyapadaM yasmAdAsu tatholyaNam / pakSicchAyAjalacarapravRttayAbhamataH param / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 67: dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 22/24 kha) adhyAtmatattvAloka, 106, 4. jisameM vedya (jAnane yogya) viSayoM ke paryAya svarUpa kA saMvedana aura jJAna kiyA jA sake. vaha 'vedyasaMvedyapada' kahalAtA hai| samyagdhetvAdibhedena loke yastattvanirNayaH / / vedyasaMyedyapadataH sUkSmabodhaH sa ucyate / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 65; dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 22/23 6. avedyasaMvedyapadamAndhyaM durgtipaatkRt| satsaMgAgamayogena jeyametanmahAtmabhiH / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 85, dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 22/32 ka) tRNagomayakASThAgnikaNadIpaprabhopamA / ralatArArkacandrAbhAH sadRSTedRSTiraSTadhA / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 15 kha) dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 20/26

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208 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana yogadRSTiyA~ aura yogAMga 1. mitrAdRSTi aura yama mitrAdRSTi adhyAtmayoga kI prathama avasthA hai aura prathama yogadRSTi bhI hai| isameM dRSTi sampUrNatayA samyaka nahIM hotii| rAga-dveSa kucha hI mAtrA meM manda hote haiN| ataH isa dRSTi meM hone vAlA Atma-bodha bhI bahuta dhundhalA, manda aura kSaNika hotA hai| isa dRSTi kI upamA tinake ke agnikaNa (cinagArI) se dI gaI hai,' jisakA prakAza bahuta kama aura kSaNika hotA hai, phira bhI vaha oghadRSTi ke ghora aMdhakAra se bhinna hotA hai| isa avasthA meM sAdhaka jina dhArmika kriyAoM kA AcaraNa karatA hai usakA kucha lAbha use avazya milatA hai, jisase usake hRdaya meM AtmaguNoM kI sphuraNA ke rUpa meM AtmavikAsa rUpa kArya kA bIjAropaNa ho jAtA hai| arthAt jIva kA mokSa ke prati prayANa prArambha ho jAtA hai| jIva ko yaha dazA mokSa-prApti meM caramapudgalaparAvartana kAla zeSa rahane para hI prApta hotI hai| bhAvamala apekSAkRta kama hone se prathama dRSTi prathama guNasthAnavartI mAnI jAtI hai| yahA~ yathApravRttikaraNa kI sthiti hotI hai arthAt jIva rAga-dveSa kI granthi ke pradeza ke samIpa pahu~ca jAtA hai|" mitrAdRSTi meM jIva Atmonnati ke lie yoga ke prathama aMga 'yama' kA pAlana karatA hai| isa dRSTi meM zubha kAryoM ke prati ruci, unako kriyAnvita karane meM kheda kA abhAva, tathA samasta prANiyoM ke prati dveSa bhAva kA abhAva sAdhaka ke citta meM pratiSThita ho jAtA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prANiyoM ke prati maitrI bhAva rakhane kI ceSTA ke kAraNa hI isa dRSTi kA nAma 'mitrAdRSTi' rakhA gayA hai| smaraNIya hai ki maharSi pataJjali ne bhI yamoM meM prathama ahiMsA ke pAlana ke pariNAmasvarUpa sAdhaka ke prati sabhI prANiyoM meM nirvaira bhAva kI siddhi prApta hone kA nirdeza diyA hai| upA0 yazovijaya ne bhI pataJjali ke ukta mata meM sammati pradAna kI hai| 'yama' kA zAbdika artha hai - saMyama, naitika kartavya yA dhrmsaadhn| ataH jAgatika anuzAsana se sambaddha vyApAra 'yama' kahe jAte haiN| maharSi pataJjali ne ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ke bheda se 'yama' ke pAMca bheda mAne haiM, jo jaina-paramparA meM vrata ke rUpa meM svIkRta haiN| jaina-paramparA meM ukta pAMcoM vrata AMzika rUpa se pAlana kie jAne para 'aNuvrata' tathA pUrNarUpeNa pAlana kie jAne para 'mahAvrata' + la * ka) mitrAyAM bodhastRNAgnikaNasadRzo bhavati / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, svo0 vR0 gA0 15 kha) mitrAyAmiti ...... tRNAgnikaNodyotena sadRzaH / - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, svo0 vR0 21/1 2. ka) karoti yogabIjAnAmupAdAnamiha sthitaH / / avandhyamokSahetUnAmiti yogavido viduH / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 22 kha) yogabIjamupAdatte zrutamatra zrutAdapi / - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 21/7 ka) carame pudagalAvarte tathA bhavyatvapAkataH / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 24 kha) dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 21/6 yogadRSTisamuccaya, 38-40: dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 21/24, 25 ka) mitrAyAM darzanaM mandaM yama icchaadikstthaa| akhedo devakAryAdAvadveSazcAparatra tu / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 21 kha) dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 21/1 ahiMsApratiSThAyAM tatsannidhau vairatyAgaH | - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/35 dvAtriMzadavAtriMzikA, 21/6 evaM svo0 vR0 8. ka) ahiMsAsatyAsteyabrahmacaryAparigrahA yamAH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra. 2/30 kha) ahiMsAsUnRtAsteyabrahmAkiJcanatA ymaaH| -dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 21/2 hiMsAnRtasteyAbrahmaparigrahebhyo virtivrtm| - tattvArthasUtra,7/1 10. dazavaikAlikasUtra,4/7 dharmabiMdu, 3/16: yogazAstra, 2/1 *

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 209 kahalAte haiN|' pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM ullikhita yama vrata' to kahe jA sakate haiM parantu sArvabhauma na hone ke kAraNa mahAvrata nhiiN| mitrAdRSTi ko prathama yogAMga 'yama' ke samakakSa isalie mAnA gayA hai kyoMki yaha prathama guNasthAnavartI hone se mithyAtvayukta hotI hai| parantu isameM mithyAtva kA kucha aMza kama hotA hai pariNAmasvarUpa jIva ahiMsA, satya asteya, brahmacarya aparigraha rUpa vratoM/yamoM ke prati niSThAvAna banatA hai| jainadarzana ke vrata to samyagdarzana arthAt yathArtha zraddhAna se yukta anuSThAna hote haiN| eka sAmAnya vyakti ke lie prArambha meM ina vratoM kA yathArtha pAlana karanA asambhava hotA hai| isalie A0 haribhadra ne yama ke pAMca bhedoM meM pratyeka ke icchA, pravRtti, sthairya aura siddhi cAra-cAra bheda kiye hai| prathama dRSTi meM ahiMsAdi yamoM meM pravRtti na hone para bhI sAdhaka ke mana meM unake pAlana karane kI icchA jAgrata hotI hai| ataH mitrAdRSTi meM, 'yama' kI prathama zreNI 'icchAyama' sulabha hone se hI "mitrAdRSTi' aura 'yama' meM sAdRzya darzAyA gayA hai| 2. tArAdRSTi aura niyama ___ 'tArA' nAmaka dUsarI dRSTi meM rAga-dveSa kA prabhAva kucha adhika kama hone se Atmabodha 'mitrAdRSTi' kI apekSA kucha adhika spaSTa hotA hai| isakI upamA upaloM kI cinagArI se dI gaI hai jinakA prakAza tRNAgni se kucha adhika hotA hai| parantu yaha prakAza pahale kI apekSA adhika spaSTa hone para bhI 'mitrAdRSTi' ke samAna hI iSTakArya kI siddhi meM samartha nahIM hotaa| isa dRSTi meM hone vAle bodha meM sthAyitva bhI nahIM hotaa| isa dRSTi meM sAdhaka AtmavikAsa ke lie adhika prayatnazIla rahatA hai| vaha yamoM kI apekSA adhika unnatakArI niyamoM kA pAlana rahatA hai| inake pAlana se vaha kaluSita bhAvoM ko citta se haTAkara AtmapariNAmoM ko adhika nirmala banAne kI ceSTA karatA hai| citta apekSAkRta adhika nirmala hone se usakA udvega nAmaka doSa dUra ho jAtA hai tathA viveka jagane lagatA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa sAdhaka ke mana meM apane doSa aura kamiyoM ke lie kheda tathA AtmotthAna ke lie tattvonmukhI jijJAsA utpanna hotI hai| usake phalasvarUpa yoga-kathAoM meM avacchinna prIti, zuddhAcaraNa karane vAle yogiyoM ke prati AdarabhAva, upadrava-hAni zraddhAvRddhi, azubhakarmoM se sahajanivRtti, bhavabhaya se nivRtti, dveSabhAva rAhitya, zAstrajJAna ke prati tIvra jijJAsA evaM prApta jJAna ke prati asaMtoSa tathA anta meM ziSTajanoM ke prati prAmANikatA kA bhAva utpanna hotA hai| pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM bhI niyamoM ke sarvAtmanA pAlana se apane zarIra ke prati jugupsA evaM parasaMsarga kA abhAva, sattvazuddhi, saumanasya, ekAgratA, indriyajaya tathA AtmasAkSAtkAra kI yogyatA, apUrva sukhAnubhUti evaM azuddhikSaya ke phalasvarUpa kAyasiddhi, indriyasiddhi, iSTadeva kA sAnnidhyalAbha tathA samAdhisiddhi Adi kI prApti kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26/12; mUlAcAra, 4: tattvArthasUtra, 7/12; ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 72, jJAnArNava, 8/2 (1) ka) jAtidezakAlasamayAnavacchinnAH sArvabhaumA mahAvratam |- pAtaJjalayogasUtra. 2/5 kha) dikkAlAdhanavacchinnAH sArvabhaumA mhaavrtm|-dvaatriNshddvaatriNshikaa, 21/2 3. ete ca icchApravRttisthairyasiddhibhedA iti vkssyti| - yogadRSTisamuccaya, svo0.10 21 yogadRSTisamuccaya, 21: dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 21/7 tArAyAM tu bodho gomayAgnikaNasadRzaH, ayamapyevaMkalpa eva, tattvato viziSTasthitivIryavikalatvAt. ato'pi prayogakAle smRtipATavAsiddheH tadabhAve prayogavaikalyAt. tatastathA ttkaaryaabhaavaaditi| -yogadRSTisamuccaya, svo0 vR0. gA0 15 . tArAyAM tu manAkspaSTa niyamazca tathAvidhaH / anudvego hitArambhe jijJAsA tattvagocarA / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 41; dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 22/1 yogadRSTisamuccaya, 42-48; dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 22/6-6 8. pAtaJjalayogasUtra. 2/40-45 dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 22/3.4

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210 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ___ vyakti ke anuzAsana ke lie lAgU hone vAle cAritra sambandhI vidhAna 'niyama' ke nAma se jAne jAte haiN| maharSi pataJjali ne pAMca prakAra ke niyamoM kA ullekha kiyA hai-1. zauca, 2. saMtoSa, 3. svAdhyAya, 4. tapa aura 5. iishvr-prnnidhaan| zauca kA artha hai 'shuddhi'| bAhya aura Abhyantara bheda se zauca ke do bheda kahe gae haiN| miTTI, jala Adi ke dvArA zarIra ke bAharI aMgoM ko zuddha karanA tathA medhya AhAra Adi dvArA zarIra ke AMtarika vikAroM ko dUra karanA 'bAhya zauca' hai| cittagata maloM ko dUra karanA, 'Abhyantara zauca' hai| jIvanayApana ke Avazyaka padArthoM ke atirikta anya padArthoM kI aspRhA 'saMtoSa' hai| dvandvoM kA sahanA 'tapa' hai| dvandva se tAtparya kSudhA-pipAsA, zIta-uSNatA, Asana-sthAna tathA kASThamauna evaM AkAramauna Adi haiN| praNava Adi pavitra mantroM kA japa karanA tathA mokSa-mArga kI ora pravRtta karAne vAle zAstroM kA nirantara adhyayana karate rahanA 'svAdhyAya' kahalAtA hai| sabhI (laukika va vaidika) karmoM ko (phalAkAMkSA ke binA) paramaguru Izvara ko samarpita kara denA 'Izvara-praNidhAna' hai| pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM niyamoM ke pAlana ke sambandha meM pUrNa pratiSThA kI koI zarta nahIM rakhI gii| isase jJAta hotA hai ki sAdhaka jitanA inakA pAlana karatA hai, utanA hI use lAbha milatA hai| jaina mantavyAnusAra niyamakAla (samaya) kI maryAdA ko lekara kiye jAne vAle AcAra 'niyama' kahalAte haiN| niyama ke antargata 'para' ke sambandhoM ko lekara 'sva' ke anuzAsana ke lie dravya, kSetra, kAla kI maryAdA sahita vrata, guNavrata, zikSAvrata, Adi dhAraNa kiye jAte haiN| (inakA varNana pichale adhyAya meM kiyA jA cukA hai)| upA0 yazovijaya ne pataJjali dvArA nirUpita niyamoM kI apane hI DhaMga se vyAkhyA kI hai| unhoMne 'zauca' se bhAvazauca ko bAdhita na karane vAlA dravyazauca artha grahaNa kiyA hai| dravyazauca ke antargata snAna zarIra-zuddhi, bAhya sthAna-zuddhi Adi parigaNita haiN| bhAvazauca AtmA kA nirmala pariNAma hai| saMtoSa Adi bhAva aMtaraMga zuddhi rUpa haiN| aMtaraMga zuddhi hone se vyakti kI tRSNA samApta ho jAtI hai isalie asaMtoSa kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| isa dRSTi se bhAvazauca ke aMtargata hI saMtoSa kA samAveza siddha ho jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki yazovijaya ne saMtoSa ko pRthak rUpa se parigaNita karanA Avazyaka nahIM smjhaa| tapa ke sambandha meM jaina mAnyatAnusAra kSudhA aura zarIra kI kRzatA tapa kA lakSaNa nahIM hai| apitu titikSA (krodha aura dInatA se rahita sahana pariNAma vAlI kSamA) tathA brahmagupti (nau prakAra ke brahmacarya pAlana kA upAya) Adi sthAna rUpa bodha hI tapa hai| jainadarzana meM hI anyatra viSaya-kaSAyoM kA nigraha karake dhyAna va svAdhyAya meM nirata hote hue Atmacintana ko tapa kahA gayA hai| tapa ke viSaya meM hI yazovijaya kA OM use 1. zaucasaMtoSatapaHsvAdhyAyezvarapraNidhAnAni niyamAH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/32; dvAtriMzadavAtriMzikA, 22/2 2. tatra zaucaM mRjjalAdijanitaM medhyAbhyavaharaNAdi ca baahym| AbhyantaraM cittmlaanaamaakssaalnm|- vyAsabhASya, pR0282 3. saMtoSaH sNnihitsaadhnaaddhiksyaanpaaditsaa|- vahI 4. tapo dvndvshnm| dvandvaM ca jighatsApipAse zItoSNe sthAnAsane kASThamaunAkAramaune c| - vahI, pR0282, 283 svAdhyAyaH mokSazAstrANAmadhyayanaM praNavajapo vaa|- pAtaJjalayogasUtra, pR0 284 IzvarapraNidhAnaM tasminparamagurau srvkrmaarpnnm| - vahI, pR0 284 ka) niyamaH parimitakAlaH / - ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 3/41 kha) niyamo niyatakAlavratam / - AtmAnuzAsana, 225 niyamA paDimAdayo abhigghvisesaa| - dazavaikAlikasUtra. 2/4 para cUrNi bhAvazaucAnuparodhyeva dravyazaucaM bAhyamAdeyamiti tttvdrshinH| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra. 2/32 para yazo0 vR0 bubhukSA dehakAryaM vA tapaso nAsti lkssnnm| titikSA brahmaguptyAdisthAnaM jJAnaM ta tadavapuH / / - adhyAtmasAra, 6/18/158 visayakasAyaviNiggahabhAvaM kAdUNa jhaannsjjhaae| jo bhAvadi appANaM tassa tavaM hodi nniymenn|| - dvAdvazAnuprekSA, 77

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 211 kahanA hai ki jisa tapa ke karane se krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA nAza, brahma aura vItarAga kA dhyAna hotA hai, use hI zuddha aura nirdoSa tapa samajhanA caahiye| jaina matAnusAra satzAstroM ko maryAdApUrvaka par3hanA, vidhisahita adhyayana karanA svAdhyAya' hai| jainAgamoM meM svAdhyAya ko tapa kA hI eka bheda mAnA gayA hai isalie jaina yogAcAryoM ne pRthak rUpa se svAdhyAya kI carcA nahIM kii| jaina zAstroM meM Izvara-praNidhAna kI apekSA 'praNidhAna' zabda kA prayoga dikhAI detA hai, jisakA artha hai - paramaguru svarUpa prabhu meM hI saba zubhAzubha karmoM ko arpaNa kara denA athavA karmaphala kA tyAga kara denaa| haribhadrAdi pramukha jainayogAcAryoM meM kevala yazovijaya ne hI pAtaJjalayogasUtra vRtti meM IzvarapraNidhAna ke saMbaMdha meM spaSTIkaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| unake mata meM pratyeka anaSThAna ke mukhya pravartaka zAstra kA smaraNa kara (dRSTi ke sammukha rakhakara) tadvArA usake Adi upadezaka paramaguru (vItarAga) ko hRdaya meM sthAna denA 'Izvara-praNidhAna' hai| jainamatAnuyAyiyoM kI Izvara-smRti pAtaJjalayogasUtra ke IzvarapraNidhAna se bhinna hai kyoMki pataJjali kA Izvara to kalpanA mAtra hai, jisakA na koI rUpa hai, na dhyeyAkAra hai| parantu jainoM ke dhyeya jinezvara (vItarAga) sAkSAt isa dharatI para paidA hue haiN| ataH unakA rUpa aura AkAra donoM haiN| jaina pratimAo meM jinezvara kA vahI svarUpa parilakSita hotA hai| sAdhaka usake dhyAna se usa svarUpa ko apane antaHkaraNa meM dhAraNa karake AtmasAkSAtkAra kI prApti karatA hai, isIlie kahA gayA hai ki munIndra ko hRdaya meM sthApita karane para saba kAryoM kI siddhi hotI hai| tArA nAmaka dvitIya dRSTi kI 'niyama' nAmaka dvitIya yogAMga se tulanA karane kA mahatvapUrNa kAraNa yaha hai ki isa dRSTi meM sAdhaka mithyAtva kA aMza kucha kama hone se niyamoM ke prati niSThAvAna banatA hai| pataJjali ke saMtoSAdi pAMcoM niyama haribhadra dvArA nirUpita pUrvasevA meM samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki yamoM kI bhAMti niyama bhI yoga kI AdhA 3. balAdRSTi aura Asana ____ mitrA' aura 'tArA' nAmaka do dRSTiyoM meM jo alpabodhaprakAza hotA hai, vaha 'balA' nAmaka tRtIya dRSTi meM apekSAkRta kucha bar3ha jAtA hai| isa dRSTi meM hone vAle prakAza meM pahale kI apekSA adhika samaya taka sthira rahane kI viziSTatA hotI hai| aise prakAza kI upamA kASTha kI cinagArI se dI gaI hai| isa dRSTi meM sAdhaka apanI Atmonnati ke lie adhika puruSArtha karatA hai| zarIra kI caMcalatA ko dUra kara sthiratA lAne ke lie yoga-sAdhanA meM 'Asana' kriyA kA Azraya letA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa sAdhaka ko ga kI utkaTa abhilASA, vikSepoM kA abhAva, asattRSNA kA abhAva, nirbAdha vyAtmasAra. 6/abhayadevavRttiATaka vRtti dhaanm| yatra rodhaH kaSAyANAM, brahmadhyAnaM jinasya c| jJAtavyaM tattapaH zuddhamavaziSTaM tu lNghnm|| - adhyAtmasAra, 6/18/157 suSThu A-maryAdayA adhIyate iti svAdhyAyaH / - sthAnAMgasUtra, abhayadevavRtti, 346 pR0 233 sarvakriyANAM paramagurAvarpaNa tatphalaM saMnyAso vaa| - mUlArAdhanA para karNATaka vRtti 4. sarvatrAnuSThAne mukhyaprarvatakazAstrasmRtidvArA tadAdipravartakaparamagurorhadaye nidhaanmiishvrprnnidhaanm| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/1 para yazo0 vR0 asmin hRdayasthe sati, hRdayasthastattvato munIndra iti| hRdayasthite ca tarimanniyamAt sarvArthasaMsiddhi / / - SoDazaka, 2/14; pAtaJjalayogasUtra 2/1 para yazo0 vR0 vijJAya niyamAnetAnevaM yogopkaarinnH|| atraiteSu rato dRSTau bhavedicchAdikeSu hi|| - dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 22/5 7. ka) balAyAmapyeSa kASThAgnikaNakalpo viziSTa ISaduktabodhadvayAt, tadbhavato'tra manAka sthitivIrye, ataH paTuprAyA smRtiriha _ prayogasamaye tadabhAve cArthaprayogamAtraprItyA ytnleshbhaavaadit| - yogadRSTisamuccaya, svo0 vR0 gA0 15 kha) balAyA dRSTau darzanaM dRDhaM kASThAgnikaNodyotasamamiti kRtvaa| - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, svo0 vR0 22/10

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana praNidhAna, laukika jIvana meM sthiratA, samasta karmaphaloM kA nAza, sAdhanA meM nirbAdha pragati evaM abhyudaya kI prApti anAyAsa ho jAtI hai|' pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM bhI Asanasiddhi ke pariNAmasvarUpa bhUkha-pyAsa, sukha-duHkha Adi dvandvoM se pIr3A tathA bAdhAoM se nivRtti kI bAta kahI gaI hai| 'Asana' sAdhanA-paddhati kA vaha aMga hai jo zarIra, mana aura mastiSka ko saMtulita rakhane meM sahAyaka hai / parama lakSya mokSa kI prApti ke lie japa, tapa, prANAyAma, dhAraNA, dhyAna, samAdhi Adi jina sAdhanoM kA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai unameM Asana pUrvabhUmikA' ke rUpa meM upayogI mAnA jAtA hai| ukta yogasAdhanoM kA abhyAsa prArambha karane se pUrva 'Asana' kI sthiratA kI anivAryatA prAyaH sabhI yoga-paddhatiyoM svIkRta hai| A0 haribhadra, zubhacandra hemacandra tathA upA0 yazovijaya' ne bhI zArIrika sthiratA evaM dhyAna kI siddhi hetu Asana kI mahattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| yoga-sAdhanA krama meM baiThane ke vizeSa DhaMga ko 'Asana' kahA gayA hai| vaise to baiThane ke asaMkhya DhaMga haiN| pratyeka vyakti ke baiThane ke alaga-alaga samaya meM alaga-alaga kAma ke lie alaga-alaga DhaMga ho sakate haiN| ataH AsanoM kI saMkhyA bhI asaMkhya hai / parantu maharSi pataJjali ne na kisI Asana vizeSa kA nAmollekha kiyA hai aura na hI AsanoM ke bhedoM kA varNana kiyA hai| unhoMne baiThane kA tarIkA sAdhaka kI icchA para hI chor3a diyA hai| Asana kI paribhASA meM unhoMne itanA hI kahA hai ki jisase sthiratApUrvaka sukha se baiThA jA sake, vahI Asana hai|" bhASyakAra vyAsa ne padmAsana, vIrAsana, bhadrAsana, svastikAsana, daNDAsana, sopAzrayAsana, paryaMkAsana, krauMcaniSadanAsana, hastiniSadanAsana, uSTraniSadanAsana, samasaMsthAnAsana, sthirasukhAsana tathA yathAsukhAsana - ina 13 AsanoM ke nAma ginAkara Adi pada se anya AsanoM kI ora bhI saMketa kiyA hai / 212 jainayoga- paramparA meM bhI Asana ko kisI na kisI rUpa meM svIkAra kara usakA varNana kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ Asana ke lie 'sthAna' zabda kA prayoga bhI milatA hai| A0 haribhadra tathA upA0 yazovijaya ne 'sthAna' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| 'Asana' kA artha hai - 'gati kI nivRtti' / sthiratA Asana kA mahatvapUrNa svarUpa hai, jise khar3e rahakara, baiThakara aura leTakara tInoM sthitiyoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa dRSTi se 'Asana' kI apekSA 'sthAna' zabda adhika vyApaka hai / 1. 2 3. 4. ut 6. yogadRSTisamuccaya, 46 - 56: dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 22/10-15 tato dvandvAnabhighAtaH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra. 2/48 ThANA kAyaniroho takkArIsu bahumAnabhAvo ya / daMsA ya agaNaNammi vi vIriyajogo ya iTThaphalo / / yogazataka, 64 athAsanajayaM yogI karotu vijitendriyaH / manAgapi na khidyante samAdhau susthirAsanAH / / AsanAbhyAsavaikalyAdvapuH sthairyaM na vidyate / khidyante tvaMgavaikalyAt samAdhisamaye dhruvam / / - 5. 6. adhyAtmasAra, 5/15/80-82; jJAnasAra, 30/6-8 19. sthirasukhamAsanam / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/46 8. tadyathA padmAsanaM vIrAsanaM bhadrAsanaM svastikaM daMDAsanaM sopAzrayaM paryaGkaM krauMcaniSadanaM hastiniSadanamuSTraniSadanaM samasaMsthAnaM sthirasukhaM yathAsukhaM cetyevamAdIni / - vyAsabhASya, pR0 266 yogaviMzikA, 2 10. yogaviMzikA, gA0 2 para yazovijayavRtti vAtAtapatuSArAdyairjantujAtairanekazaH / kRtAsanajayo yogI khedito'pi na khidyate / / - jJAnArNava, 26 / 30-32 yogazAstra, 4 / 123

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 213 jainayoga-paramparA kisI Asana vizeSa kA prayoga karane meM Agraha nahIM rakhatI, isalie A0 zubhacandra evaM hemacandra ne jisa-jisa Asana kA prayoga karane se mana sthira hotA hai, usI-usI kA sAdhana rUpa meM prayoga apekSita batAyA hai| . jainAgamoM meM vIrAsana, utkaTikAsana, daNDAsana, padamAsana, godohikA Asana, haMsAsana, paryaMkAsana, arddhaparyaMkAsana, laMgaDAsana Adi aneka AsanoM ke ullekha yatra tatra prApta hote haiN| A0 haribhadra ne 'sthAna pada se padamAsanAdi kA grahaNa kiyA hai| 'Adi' zabda se yaha sUcita hotA hai ki unheM anya Asana bhI mAnya the| A0 zubhacandra ne paryaMkAsana, ardhaparyaMkAsana, vajrAsana, vIrAsana, sukhapUrva Asana (sukhAsana) aura aravindapUrva Asana (padmAsana) tathA kAyotsarga Adi ko dhyAna ke lie abhISTa mAnA hai| A0 hemacandra ne paryaMkAsana, vajrAsana, padmAsana, bhadrAsana, daNDAsana, utkaTikAsana, godohikAsana, kAyotsargAsana Adi AsanoM kA nAmollekha karane ke pazcAta kramazaH unakA lakSaNa bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai| yogazAstra kI TIkA meM unhoMne AmrakubjikAsana, krauMcAsana, haMsAsana, azvAsana, gajAsana, lagur3azAyitvAsana, samasaMsthAna Asana, duryodhanAsana, daNDapadamAsana, svastikAsana, sopAzrayAsana Adi kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai| upA0 yazovijaya ne 'sthAna' zabda se 'Asana' artha grahaNa karate hue kAyotsarga, paryaMkabandha tathA padmAsana kA nAmollekha kiyA hai tathA Adi zabda se samasta zAstroM meM prasiddha AsanoM ke lie apanI svIkRti prakaTa kI hai| 4. dIprAdRSTi aura prANAyAma abhyAsa bar3hane se rAga-dveSa rUpI karmamala apekSAkRta kama hote jAte haiM aura sAdhaka ke cittagata pariNAma pUrvokta tIna dRSTiyoM kI apekSA adhika nirmala ho jAte haiN| ataH isa 'dIprA' nAmaka caturtha dRSTi meM hone vAlA bodha-prakAza bhI pahale kI apekSA viziSTa koTi kA hotA hai, jise A0 haribhadrasUri ne dIpaka ke prakAza ke tulya mAnA hai| yadyapi isa dRSTi taka mithyAtva nAmaka prathama guNasthAna hI hotA hai tathApi atyanta alpa mithyAtva hone se yaha usakI antima parAkASThA mAnI gaI hai| cUMki isameM mithyAtva kA kucha aMza vidyamAna rahatA hai, isalie jIva meM heya-upAdeya kA viveka jAgRta nahIM ho paataa| parantu rAga-dveSa ke kama hone se AtmadazA meM nirmalatA apekSAkRta adhika bar3hane lagatI hai| bodha spaSTa hone se AcaraNa bhI zuddha aura pavitra banatA jAtA hai| isa dRSTi meM sAdhaka 'prANAyAma' nAmaka caturtha yogAMga kA abhyAsa karatA OM 1. yena yena sukhAsInA vidadhyunizcalaM mnH| tattadeva vidheyaM syaanmunibhirbndhuraasnm|| - jJAnArNava, 26/11 jAyate yena yeneha vihitena sthiraM manaH / tattadeva vidhAtathyamAsanaM dhyaansaadhnm|| - yogazAstra, 4/134 . sthAnAMgasUtra, 366, 460; AcArAMgasUtra, 6/3/11; sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 2,2: bhagavatIsUtra, 1/11; praznavyAkaraNa, 161; uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 30/27; jJAtAdharmakathAGgasUtra, 1/1: mUlArAdhanA 3/223-224 tathA usa para vijayodayA vRtti; bRhadakalpabhASya, 5453, 5454 tathA vRtti upAsakAdhyayana, 36/732 sthAnAt - padmAsanAdeH .......1- yogazataka, gA064 para svo0 vR0 paryakamardhaparyakaM yajaM vIrAsanaM tthaa| sukhAravindapUrve ca kAyotsargazca sNmtH|| - jJAnArNava, 26/10 yogazAstra,4/124-133 yogazAstra, 4/133 para syo0 vR0 8. sthIyate'neneti sthAnaM-AsanavizeSarUpaM kAyotsargaparyakabandhapadmAsanAdi sklshaastrprsiddhm| - yogaviMzikA, gA02 para yazo0 vR0 6. dIprAyAM tveSa dIpaprabhAtulyo viziSTatara uktabodhatrayAt......iti prathamaguNasthAnakaprakarSa etAvAniti samayavidaH / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, svo0 vR0 gA0 15 *

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214 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana hai, jisase citta ko ekAgra karane meM saralatA hotI hai| sAdhaka kI bAhyAbhimukhIvRtti antarmukhI hone lagatI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa sAdhaka kA utthAna nAmaka doSa naSTa ho jAtA hai aura tattvazravaNa nAmaka guNa utpanna ho jAtA hai| isa dRSTi meM apUrva jJAna kA udaya to hotA hai parantu usa jJAna meM sUkSma bodha nahIM ho paataa|' isa avasthA meM sAdhaka ko dharma ke prati prANoM se bhI adhika prema hone lagatA hai| A0 haribhadra ne 'dIprAdRSTi' kA varNana atyanta vistAra se kiyA hai| isa prakaraNa meM unhoMne vedyasaMvedya, avedyasaMvedya, kutarka, paropakAra, pramANamImAMsA, anekAntadRSTi, bhakti, iSTApUrtakarma arthAt parArtha kUpa,taDAga Adi kA nirmANa Adi prasaMgoM kI bhI vistArapUrvaka carcA kI hai| isI sandarbha meM unhoMne bodha arthAt tattvajJAna kA manovaijJAnika dRSTi se atyanta sUkSma vizleSaNa kiyA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie citta kA nirodha aura citta ke nirodha ke lie prANa kA nirodha Avazyaka hai, kyoMki jaba taka zvAsa kI prakriyA calatI rahatI hai taba taka citta bhI usake sAtha caMcala rahatA hai| jaba zvAsavAyu kI gati sthagita ho jAtI hai taba mana meM bhI sthiratA/niSpandatA A jAtI hai| isalie yogasUtrakAra pataJjali ne citta ko niyantrita karane ke upAya svarUpa prANavAyu ko niyantrita karane kA upadeza diyA hai aura kahA hai ki 'Asana' ke siddha hone para zvAsa-prazvAsa kI gati kA viccheda honA hI 'prANAyAma hai| prANAyAma ke tIna prakAra haiM- recaka, pUraka aura kumbhaka / pAtaJjalayoga kI bhASA meM inheM kramazaH bAhyavRti, AbhyantaravRtti aura stambhavRtti kahA gayA hai| isake atirikta prANAyAma kA cauthA bheda bhI batAyA gayA hai jahA~ deza, kAla aura saMkhyA ke jJAna ke binA hI apane Apa jisa kisI deza vizeSa meM prANoM kI gati kA nirodha hotA hai| prAcIna jainayoga granthoM meM yadyapi yogasAdhanA ke aMga ke rUpa meM prANAyAma ko mAnyatA nahIM dI gaI, tathApi unameM prApta ullekhAnusAra prAcInakAla meM pUrvajJAna ke dhAraka utkRSTa yogI mahAprANa-dhyAna kI sAdhanA kiyA karate the| pUrvajJAna aura dRSTivAda aMga kI vilupti ke sAtha yaha dhyAna-sAdhanA bhI vilupta ho gii| aba to isa dhyAna-sAdhanA aura sAdhakoM kA ullekha mAtra hI zAstroM meM prApta hotA hai| isa mahAprANa-dhyAna-sAdhanA ke sAdhakoM meM A0 bhadrabAhu kA nAma vizeSa rUpa se liyA jAtA hai| kAyotsarga kI prakriyA meM bhI zvAsocchavAsa yukta kAyotsarga sAdhanA karane kA vidhAna milatA hai| zvAsocchavAsa kI sUkSma prakriyA kI svIkati prANAyAma kI hI svIkati mAnI jAnI caahiye| pazcAtavartI jaina granthoM meM haThayoga dvArA mAnya prANAyAma kI sAdhanA-paddhati evaM bhadrabAhu kI mahAprANa-sAdhanA ke anurUpa prANAyAma kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| jainayoga meM 'prANAyAma' se zvAsa-prazvAsa kA nirodha artha abhipreta nahIM hai| vahA~ prANAyAma se 'bhAvaprANAyAma' artha liyA gayA hai| yaha vaha avasthA hai jisameM sAdhaka apane bhAvamaloM ko dUra kara nirmala + prANAyAmavatI dIpA na yogotthAnavatyalam / tattvazravaNasaMyuktA sUkSmabodhavivarjitA / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 57; draSTavya : dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 22/16 prANebhyo'pi gururdharmaH satyAmasyAmasaMzayam / prANAMstyajati dharmArthaM, na dharma prANasaMkaTe / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 58; draSTavya : dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 22/20 yogadRSTisamuccaya, 65-117, dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 22/23 - 32 4. yogadRSTisamuccaya, 120-122. 124-126 tasmin sati zvAsaprazvAsayorgativicchedaH prANAyAmaH / -pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/46 bAhyAbhyantarastambhavRttirdezakAlasaMkhyAbhiH paridRSTo dIrghasUkSmaH / - vahI, 2/50 7. bAhyAbhyantaraviSayAkSepI caturthaH | - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/51 jainayoga : siddhAnta aura sAdhanA, pR062-63 6. Avazyakaniyukti, kAyotsarga adhyayana; amitagati zrAvakAcAra, 8/67 usbu

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 215 banAne kA prayatna karatA hai| upA0 yazovijaya ne 'bhAvaprANAyAma' kA vivecana karate hue bahivRtti ko recaka, antarvRtti ko pUraka tathA antarvRtti ke stambhana/nirodha ko kuMbhaka kahA hai| unake anusAra bAhya bhAva kA recana karake antarbhAva kA pUraNa karanA aura nizcita artha meM kuMbhaka karanA 'bhAvaprANAyAma' hai| dUsare pataJjali Adi yogAcAryoM ne prANAyAma se dhAraNA kI yogyatA bar3hane, prakAzAvaraNa ke kSINa hone kI jo bAta kahI hai, vaha sAdhaka kI yogyatA para nirbhara hai| Atma-yogyatA (Atma-sAmarthya) ke sadha jAne para hI aisA honA sambhava hai| A0 haribhadra ne bhI prANAyAma se 'bhAvaprANAyAma' artha svIkAra kiyA hai| adhyAtmamUlaka tapoyoga meM bhI bhAva ko viziSTa sthAna prApta hai| yadyapi haribhadra ke granthoM para pAtaJjalayoga, haThayoga evaM anya sAdhanA-praNAliyoM kA prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai aura unhoMne bhAvamaloM kI alpatA sUcita karane ke lie dIprAdRSTi ko prANAyAma ke sadRza bhI batAyA hai, parantu prANAyAma ke svarUpa-vidhi Adi para koI prakAza nahIM ddaalaa| paravartI jainAcAryoM meM A0 zubhacandra ne prANAyAma ko manovijaya kA sAdhana aura A0 hemacandra ne ise dhyAna kI siddhi tathA mana ko ekAgra karane kA Avazyaka sAdhana batAyA hai| A0 zubhacandra Adi jainAcAryoM ne prAcIna yoga-paramparA meM pracalita prANAyAma ke tIna prakAroM recaka, pUraka aura kumbhaka kA hI varNana kiyA hai, jabaki A0 hemacandra ne ina tIna pracalita prANAyAmoM meM pratyAhAra, zAnta, uttara aura adhara, ina cAra prakAra ke anya prANAyAmoM ko jor3akara sAta prakAra ke prANAyAma kI carcA bhI kI hai| A0 zubhacandra ne 'paramezvara' nAmaka eka anya prANAyAma kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| jaina-paramparA meM prANAyAma ke sambandha meM do mata milate haiN| prathama mata ke anusAra prANa kA nirodha karane para zarIra meM pIr3A utpanna hotI hai, zarIra meM pIr3A hone se mana meM caMcalatA utpanna hotI hai| pUraka, kumbhaka aura recaka meM parizrama karanA par3atA hai| parizrama karane se mana meM saMkleza utpanna hotA hai bh sh 1. recaka: syAdabahirvRttirantarvRttizca pUrakaH / kumbhakaH staMbhavRttizca prANAyAmastridhetyayam / / - dvAtriMzadavAtriMzikA, 22/17 tataH kSIyate prakAzAvaraNam | dhAraNAsu ca yogyatA manasaH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/52, 53 dhAraNAyogyatA tasmAta prakAzAvaraNakSayaH / anyairuktaH kvaciccaitadhujyate yogyatAnugam / / -dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 22/18 sunirNItasvasiddhAntaiH prANAyAmaH prazasyate / munibhiyAnasiddhayarthaM sthairyArtha cAntarAtmanaH / / ataH sAkSAt sa vijJeyaH pUrvameva manISibhiH / manAgapyanyathA zakyo na kartuM cittanirjayaH / / - jJAnArNava, 26/41,42 prANAyAmastataH kaizcidAzrito dhyAnasiddhaye / zakyo netarathA kartuM manaHpavananirjayaH / / - yogazAstra. 5/1 (ka) recakaH pUrakazcaiva, kumbhakazceti sa tridhA | - yogazAstra, 5/4 (kha) tridhA lakSaNabhedena saMsmRtaH pUrvasUribhiH / pUrakaH kumbhakazcaiva recakastadanantaram / / - jJAnArNava, 26/43 (ga) recakaH syAdabahirvRttirantarvRttizca pUrakaH / kumbhakaH staMbhavRttizca prANAyAmastridhetyayam / / - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 22/17 pratyAhAraratathA zAntaH uttarazcAdharastathA / ebhirbhe daizcutarbhistu saptadhA kIrtyate paraiH / / - yogazAstra, 5/5 nAbhikandAdviniSkrAntaM hRtpdmodrmdhygm| dvAdazAnte tu vizrAntaM taM jJeyaM prmeshvrm|| - jJAnArNava, 26/47 .

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216 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana aura mana kI saMklezabhaya sthiti mokSa meM bAdhaka hotI hai| dUsare matAnusAra prANAyAma se zarIra ko kucha dera ke lie sAdhA to jA sakatA hai, parantu sAdhya ko siddha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa kriyA se mokSalAbha nahIM ho sktaa| upA0 yazovijaya ne to spaSTataH prANAyAma kA niSedha kiyA hai| unakA maMtavya hai ki prANAyAma cittanirodha kA aura indriyajaya kA sAdhana nahIM hai, isase yoga-sAdhanA meM vighna upasthita hotA hai| jainAgamoM meM bhI isakA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, isalie prANAyAma ko mAnyatA nahIM dI jA sktii| yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki niyuktikAra ne tatkAla maraNa kI sambhAvanA kI dRSTi se ucchvAsa ke pUrNa nirodha kA niSedha kiyA hai| cUMki ucchavAsa-nirodha kA saMbaMdha kumbhaka se hai na ki pUraka aura recaka se aura niyuktikAra ko bhI dIrghakAlIna kumbhaka kA niSedha abhipreta thA, na ki sAmAnya kumbhaka kA, isalie unhoMne svayaM ucchavAsa ko sUkSma karane kA ullekha kiyA hai| ataH yaha kahanA ki jainayoga meM 'prANAyAma' ko haThayoga kA sAdhana hone ke kAraNa mAnyatA nahIM dI gaI, anucita hai| uparokta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jainayoga meM prANAyAma kA pUrNataH (samagratayA) niSedha nahIM kiyA gayA hai apitu kucha aMza taka use svIkArA hI hai| prANAyAma kA niSedha karane kA mukhya kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki prANAyAma yogya mArga nirdezaka ke mArgadarzana meM karanA apekSita hai kyoMki ucita paddhati ke abhAva meM athavA asAvadhAnIvaza kie jAne para prANAyAma ke duSpariNAma bhI dRSTigocara hone lagate haiN| ___ A0 haribhadra dvArA dIprAdRSTi ko prANAyAma ke sadRza batAne kA pramukha kAraNa bhAvamaloM kA tyAga kara bhAvoM ko nirmala banAnA thA, jo bAhya bhAvoM ke recana (tyAga), antarAtmabhAva ke pUrana tathA usI ke cintana-manana ke kumbhaka (sthirIkaraNa) se sambhava hotA hai| 5. sthirAdRSTi aura pratyAhAra prathama cAra dRSTiyoM meM mithyAtva avasthA vidyamAna rahane se granthi-bheda nahIM hotaa| anantAnubandhi nAmaka kaSAya kI rAga-dveSa rUpI bAMsa kI gAMTha ke samAna kaThora, karkaza aura durbhedya granthi samyaktva kI prApti meM bAdhaka hotI hai| pAMcavIM dRSTi meM usa durbhedya granthi kA bhedana ho jAtA hai aura sAdhaka ko samyaktva prApta ho jAtA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa sAdhaka ko ratna kI prabhA ke sadRza nitya evaM sUkSmabodha kI prApti hotI hai| yaha bodha apratipAtI, pravardhamAna, nirapAya, dUsaroM ko santApa na dene vAlA, nirdoSa, AnandadAyaka aura prAya - 1. (ka) tannApnoti manaHsvAsthyaM prANAyAmaiH kadarthitam / prANasyAyamane pIr3A, tasyAM syAccittaviplavaH / / pUraNe kumbhane caiva, recane ca parizramaH | cittasaMkleza karaNAt. mukteH pratyUhakAraNam / / - yogazAstra, 6/4.5 (kha) prANAyAmena vikSiptaM manaH svAsthyaM na vindati / / - jJAnArNava, 27/4-11 2. jJAnArNava, 26/140, 26/43(1); yogazAstra, 5/10-12 yogazAstra : eka anuzIlana, pR041 anaikAntikametat, prasahya tAbhyAM mano vyAkulIbhAvAt 'UsAsaM (ussAsa) Na NiruMbhai (Avazyakaniyukita 1510) ityAdi pAramarSeNa tanniSedhAcca, iti vayam / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra 1/34 para yazo0 vRtti Avazyakaniyukti, 1524 / prANAyAmAdi yuktena sarvarogakSayo bhavet / ayuktAbhyAsayogena sarvarogasamudabhavaH / / hikkA zvAsazca kAsazca ziraH karNAkSivedanAH / bhavanti vividhAH rogAH pavanasya prakopataH / / - haThayogapradIpikA, 2/16, 17 OM ja

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 217 praNidhAnAdi pA~ca AzayoM kA bIjabhUta hotA hai| A0 haribhadra ne sthirAdRSTi ko aSTAMgayoga ke pratyAhAra ke samAna mAnA hai aura kahA hai ki isa dRSTi ke prApta hone para sAdhaka ko pUrNatayA abhrAnta, nirdoSa, sUkSmabodha prApta hotA hai| tamogranthi kA bheda ho jAne se sAdhaka kI sabhI sAMsArika ceSTAe~ bAlakrIr3A mAtra raha jAtI haiN| sAdhaka ko saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA evaM niHsAratA kA bhAna, dharmajanita bhoga meM aniSTa buddhi kA udaya, heya-upAdeya tattvoM kA jJAna tathA indriya-saMyama hotA hai tathA usake sabhI prayatna dharma-bAdhA ke parihAra ke prasaMga meM hote haiN| sthirAdRSTi do prakAra kI kahI gaI hai- sAticAra aura niraticAra / sAticAra sthirAdRSTi meM hone vAlA bodha mala sahita ratnaprabhA ke samAna aticAra yukta hotA hai, jo samyagdarzana ke aticAra yukta hone se sadA eka-sA nahIM rhtaa| usameM nyUnAdhikya hotA rahatA hai| isake viparIta niraticAra sthirAdRSTi meM aticAroM (doSoM) kA abhAva hone se usameM hone vAlA bodha nitya hotA hai| dharma-sAdhanA meM doSoM kI alpatA hone se sAdhaka meM kucha yaugika guNoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| A0 haribhadrasUri ke matAnusAra anya yogAcAryoM dvArA yogI sAdhaka ko prApta hone vAle guNa, jaise - acaMcalatA, nIrogatA, aniSThuratA, malAdi kI alpatA, kAnti, prasAda, svarasaumyatA, maitrIbhAva, viSayoM meM anAsakti, dvandva-nAza, janapriyatA, samatA, vairanAza tathA RtambharAprajJA Adi isa dRSTi meM bhI sampanna hote haiN| pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM bhI pratyAhAra se indriyoM para pUrNa niyaMtraNa prApta karane kI bAta kahI gaI hai aura use paramA (sarvotkRSTa) vazyatA (indriyajaya) kI saMjJA bhI dI gaI hai| vyAsabhASya ke anusAra kucha vidvAn zabdAdi viSayoM meM avyasana arthAt Asakti ke abhAva ko, kucha apanI icchA se hI zabdAdi viSayoM ke sAtha indriyoM ke saMprayoga (sambandha) hone ko, tathA kucha zabdAdi viSayoM ke jJAna hone ko 'indriyajaya' kahate haiN| yogI jaigISavya kA mata hai ki citta kI ekAgratA hone se usake adhIna indriyoM kI zabdAdi viSayoM meM pravRtti kA sarvathA abhAva hI indriya-vazyatA rUpa 'indriyajaya' hai| inameM se bhASyakAra indriyoM ke nirodha arthAt zabdAdi viSayoM ke sAtha indriyoM ke sambandha-viccheda ko hI 'indriyajaya' mAnate haiN| ataH cittanirodha hI paramA vazyatA kA upAya hai| __'pratyAhAra' yoga kA pAMcavA aMga hai, jisakA artha hai - pIche haTanA, rokanA yA indriya-damana krnaa| sUtrakAra pataJjali ke anusAra indriyoM kA apane viSayoM se samprayoga na hone para unakA citta ke svarUpa meM vilIna ho jAnA hI 'pratyAhAra' hai|' 1. sthirA tu bhinnagranthereva bhavati tadbodho ratnaprabhAsamAnastadbhAvA'pratipAtI pravardhamAno nirapAyo nAparaparitApakRta paritoSahetu: prAyeNa prnnidhaanaadiyoniriti| - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 15, svo0 vR0 sthirAyAM darzanaM nityaM pratyAhAravadeva ca / kRtamabhAntimanaghaM sUkSmabodhasamanvitam / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 154 yogadRSTisamuccaya, 155-158 4. sthirAyAM dRSTI, darzana-bodhalakSaNaM nityamapratipAti niraticArAyAma, sAticArAyAM tu prakSINanayanapaTalopadravasya taduktopAyAnayabodhakalpamanityamapi bhavati tthaaticaarbhaavaat| - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 154, svo0 vR0 vahI, 161 tataH paramA vshytendriyaannaam| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/55 zabdAdiSvavyasanamindriyajaya iti kecit / saktirvyasanaM vyasyatyenaM zreyasa iti| aviruddhA prtipttiaayyaa| zabdAdisaMprayogaH svecchayetyanye / rAgadveSAbhAve sukhaduHkhazUnyaM zabdAdijJAnamindriyajaya iti kecit / cittaikAgrayApratipattireveti jaigISavyaH / tatazca paramA tviyaM vazyatA yaccittanirodhe niruddhAnIndriyANi netarendriyajayavat prayatnakRtamupAyAntaramapekSante yogina iti / / .. vyAsabhASya, pR0 310-311 8. svaviSayAsaMprayoge cittasya svarUpAnukAra ivendriyANAM pratyAhAraH |- pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/54

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218 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jaina-sAdhanA-paddhati meM mana kI pravRtti kA saMkoca kara lene para hone vAlA mAnasika saMtoSa 'pratyAhAra' mAnA gayA hai| yogadarzana meM 'pratyAhAra' se jo Azaya vyakta kiyA gayA hai, vahI abhiprAya jaina-paramparA meM pratisaMlInatA tapa se prakaTa hotA hai| saMlInatA kA artha hai - pUrNa rUpa se lIna honA / yahA~ 'prati' zabda kisI kA vAcya hai| pratisaMlInatA kA abhiprAya hai - AtmA ke prati saMlInatA arthAt AtmA ke prati pUrNarUpa se lIna honaa| isakA dUsarA artha isa prakAra bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai ki bAhyamukhI indriyoM ko viparIta karake, mor3akara karanA, AtmA meM lgaanaa| jainAgamoM meM pratisaMlInatA ke cAra prakAra batAe gae haiM - 1. 3. indriyapratisaMlInatA yogapratisaMlInatA 2. 4. kaSAyapratisaMlInatA viviktazayanAsanasevana pratyAhAra' pratisaMlInatA ke prathama aura dvitIya prakAra se sAmya rakhatA hai| sAdhanA ke rUpa meM indriyoM kI viSaya-vimukhatA ko rAga-dveSa Adi vikAroM kI zAnti ke prakAza meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| A0 zubhacandra ne samAdhi ko bhalI-bhA~ti siddha karane ke lie pratyAhAra kA ullekha kiyA hai| unake mata meM prANAyAma se vikSipta huA mana svasthatA ko prApta nahIM hotA, parantu pratyAhAra se sthira huA mana svastha aura samasta saMkalpa-vikalpoM se rahita hokara samabhAva ko prApta hotA huA AtmA meM hI laya ko prApta hotA hai| unhoMne pratyAhAra kA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai ki yogI indriyoM sahita mana ko indriyaviSayoM se haTAkara use icchAnusAra jahA~ dhAraNa karatA hai use 'pratyAhAra' kahA jAtA hai| isaprakAra mana ko svAdhIna kara lene para yogI kachue ke samAna indriyoM ko saMkucita karake samatAbhAva ko prApta hotA huA dhyAna meM sthira ho jAtA hai aura jitendriya yogI viSayoM se indriyoM ko tathA indriyoM se mana ko pRthak (vimukha) karake AkulatA se rahita hue mana ko atizaya sthiratApUrvaka mastaka meM dhAraNa karatA hai|" ___ A0 hemacandra ke anusAra bAhya viSayoM se indriyoM ke sAtha mana ko haTAnA 'pratyAhAra' hai| unhoMne abhidhAnacintAmaNi meM netrAdi indriyoM ko rUpAdi viSayoM se haTAne ko pratyAhAra' kahA hai| upA0 yazovijaya ke zabdoM meM, sampUrNa rAga-dveSa se mana ko haTAkara AtmA ko apane meM kendrita kara lenA 'pratyAhAra' hai| isaprakAra pAtaJjala evaM jaina, donoM yoga-paramparAoM meM dhyAna ko kendrita karane aura rAga-dveSa Adi pravRttiyoM ko niyantrita karane ke lie pratyAhAra kI mahattA ko svIkArA gayA hai| parantu upA0 yazovijaya ko, pataJjali dvArA mAnya indriyoM ke nirodha ko unakI paramA vazyatA kA upAya mAnane 1. pratyAhArastu tasyopasaMhRtaiH cittanivRttiH / - AdipurANa, 21/230 2. bhagavatIsUtra, 25/7/802; aupapAtikasUtra, 16 3. aupapAtikasUtra, 16; sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/1/267 4. jJAnArNava, 21/4, 5 samAkRSyendriyArthebhyaH sAkSaM cetaH prazAntadhIH / yatra yatrecchayA dhatte sa pratyAhAra ucyate || - jJAnArNava, 27/1 vahI, 27/2 vahI, 27/3 8. indriyaiH samamAkRSya viSayebhyaH prazAntadhIH / - yogazAstra, 6/6 pratyAhArastu indriyANAM viSayebhyaH samAhRti | - abhidhAnacintAmaNikoza, 83 10. viSayAsaMprayoge'ntaHsvarUpAnukRtiH kila / pratyAhAro hRSIkANAmetadAyattatAphalaH / / - dvAtriMzadavAtriMzikA, 24/2

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 219 meM Apatti hai| unakA kahanA hai ki indriyoM kA nirodha unakI paramA vazyatA nahIM hai| acche yA bure zabdAdi viSayoM ke sAtha karNa Adi indriyoM kA sambandha hone para tattvajJAna se rAgadveSa kA utpanna na honA bhI indriyoM kI paramA vazyatA hai| ataH paramA vazyatA kA ekamAtra upAya jJAna hI hai| apane mata kI puSTi hetu ve AcArAMgasUtra ko uddhRta karate hue likhate haiM ki jo puruSa ina zabda, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparzoM ko bhalI-bhA~ti jAna letA hai, unameM rAga-dveSa nahIM karatA, vaha AtmavAna, jJAnavAna, vedavAna, dharmavAna aura brahmavAna hotA hai| zabda, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza kI Asakti AtmA kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka banatI hai| inameM Asakta manuSya anAtmavAn aura anAsakta manuSya AtmavAn kahalAtA hai| jise AtmA upalabdha hotI hai use jJAna, zAstra, dharma aura AcAra saba kucha upalabdha ho jAtA hai arthAta jo AtmA ko jAna letA hai vaha jJAna, zAstra, dharma aura AcAra saba kucha jAna letA hai| 'abhisamanvAgatA' kA artha batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki viSayoM ke iSTa, aniSTa, manojJa, amanojJa rUpa ko, unake upabhoga ke duSpariNAmoM ko Age-pIche se, nikaTa aura dUra se yathArtha rUpa se jAna letA hai tathA unakA tyAga karatA hai, vahI AtmavAn kahalAtA hai| AtmA anitya, zuddha, buddha rUpa hai| AtmA ke isa yathArtha rUpa ko jAnanA hI indriya-jaya hai| __ vastutaH zabdAdi viSayoM kI Asakti AtmA ke abhAva meM hotI hai jo ina para Asakti nahIM rakhatA, vahI AtmA kI bhalI-bhA~ti upalabdhi kara sakatA hai| jo AtmA ko upalabdha kara letA hai use Agamadharma aura brahma kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| anyatra bhI kahA gayA hai ki rUpa Adi viSaya ke sAmane A jAne para cakSu use na dekhane meM samartha nahIM hotA arthAt sAmane Ane para cakSu apane viSaya ko ava bhikSu ko cAhie ki vaha rAga-dveSa kA tyAga kre| paramA vazyatA kA eka mAtra upAya jJAna hI hai, cittanirodha nhiiN| jJAna bhI adhyAtma bhAvanA se hone vAle samabhAva pravAha vAlA honA caahiye| yahI jJAna rAjayoga hai| saMkSepa meM, citta kA jaya ho yA bAhya indriyoM kA jaya ho, sabakA mukhya upAya ukta jJAna rUpa rAjayoga hI hai, prANAyAma Adi haThayoga nhiiN| jJAna prApti ke lie hI jainadarzana meM varNita paMca mahAvrata aura aNuvrata, tapa, svAdhyAya, Izvara-praNidhAna Adi ko mahatva diyA gayA hai| ___ A0 haribhadrasUri ne sthirAdRSTi ko pratyAhAra ke samakakSa isalie kahA hai kyoMki isa dRSTi meM granthibheda ho jAne se sAdhaka kA bodha itanA bar3ha jAtA hai ki use sAMsArika ceSTAe~ bAla-dhUli krIr3A ke samAna bhAsita hotI haiM aura usakI indriyA~ viSayoM se vimukha hokara AtmA meM kendrita hone lagatI haiN| 'pratyAhAra' meM bhI indriyA~ bAhya viSayoM se haTakara AtmamukhI hotI haiN| 6. kAntAdRSTi aura dhAraNA 'kAntA' nAmaka chaThI dRSTi meM tAre kI prabhA jaisA spaSTa evaM sthira bodha hotA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa 1. vyutthAnadhyAnadazAsAdhAraNaM vastusvabhAvabhAvanayA svaviSayapratipattiprayuktarAgadveSarUpaphalAnupadhAnamevendriyANAM paramo jayaH iti tu payam |-paatnyjlyogsuutr, yazo0 vRtti 2/55 (ka) 'jassime sadA ya rUpA ya gaMdhA ya rasA ya phAsA ya abhisamannAgayA bhavaMti, se AyavaM nANavaM veyavaM dhammavaM bNbhv| - AcArAMgasUtra, 3/1/4 : uddhRta : pAtaJjalayogasUtra, yazo0 vRtti 2/55 atra "abhisamanvAgatA" ityasya abhItyAbhimukhyena manaHpariNAmaparatantrA indriyaviSayAdatyupayogalakSaNena (?) samiti samyaksvarUpeNa naite iSTA aniSTA veti nirdhAraNayA, anu pazcAdAgatAH paricchinnAH yathArthasvabhAvena yasyetyarthaH, sa AtmavAnityAdi parasparamindriyajayasya phalArthavAdaH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, yazo0 102/55 "Na sakkA rUvamaTTha, cakkhU visayamAgaya / rAgadosA u je tattha te bhikkhU parivajjae || - uddhRta : pAtaJjalayogasUtra, yazo0 vRtti 2/55 5. vahI

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220 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana pUrva dRSTi meM kiye jAne vAle dhArmika anuSThAna isa avasthA meM niraticAra evaM zuddha ho jAte haiN| sAdhaka jina anuSThAnoM kA pAlana karatA hai ve viniyoga pradhAna hote haiN|' __isa dRSTi meM sAdhaka kA vyaktitva itanA vikasita ho jAtA hai ki usake samyagdarzana Adi guNa dUsaroM ko sahaja hI prItikara lagane lagate haiN| citta kI caMcalatA kama ho jAne se usakA citta Atma-ciMtana meM lIna hone lagatA hai| haribhadrasUri ke zabdoM meM sAdhaka chaThe yogAMga 'dhAraNA' kA abhyAsa karatA hai, pariNAmasvarUpa usako mImAMsA guNa aura paropakAra bhAvanA kI prApti hotI hai tathA usake cittagata doSoM kA abhAva (vinAza) ho jAtA hai| isa avasthA meM yogI mAyA prapaJca se udvigna hue binA usake svarUpa ko jAnatA rahatA hai, usake prati Asakta nahIM hotA, usake duSprabhAvoM se pare ho jAtA hai aura sabase mahatvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki vaha saba prANiyoM kA priya pAtra bana jAtA hai| dhAraNA yoga kA chaThA aMga tathA yogasamAdhi kA pramukha tattva hai| yogAbhyAsI kA citta sAdhAraNa manuSyoM ke samAna hI caMcala hotA hai| yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma aura pratyAhAra se jaba citta-cAMcalya pUrNarUpeNa nivRtta ho jAye to sAdhaka kisI eka dizA vizeSa kI ora unmukha hone meM saphala hotA hai| pratyAhAra siddha hone para sAdhaka kA bAhya jagat se sambandha chUTa jAtA hai, jisase use bAhya jagata janya koI bAdhA nahIM hotii| isalie vaha kisI bAhya bAdhA ke binA cittanirodha kA abhyAsa karane yogya ho jAtA hai| prANAyAma se pavana aura pratyAhAra se indriyoM ke vaza meM ho jAne para citta meM vikSepa kI sambhAvanA nahIM hotii| ataH use eka sthAna paraM saphalatApUrvaka lagAyA jA sakatA hai| Asana, prANAyAma aura pratyAhAra ke abhyAsa ke pazcAta hI dhAraNA kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| dhAraNA meM bAhya viSayoM se indriyoM ko haTAkara antarmukha kiyA jAtA hai tathA citta ko kisI eka sthAna para sthira evaM zAnta kiyA jAtA hai| ___ maharSi pataJjali ne dhAraNA kI paribhASA dete hue kahA hai ki citta ko kisI deza vizeSa' meM bA~dhanA dhAraNA hai| vyAsa ke anusAra yahA~ deza vizeSa' zabda nAbhicakra, hRdaya-kamala, kapAla, nAsikAgra bhAga, jihvAgra bhAga Adi tathA bAhya viSayoM (candra, sUrya, nakSatra Adi) kA vAcaka hai| ina deza-vizeSoM meM citta ko vRtti mAtra se lagAnA arthAt sthira karanA dhAraNA hai| jainayoga-paramparA meM bhI samAdhi rUpa antima sopAna para pahu~cane ke lie dhAraNA kI bhUmikA ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| jaina-sAdhanA-paddhati meM dhAraNA se tAtparya hai - 'bIjAkSaroM kA avadhAraNa krnaa| rous 1. kAntAyAM tu tArAbhAsamAnaH eSaH, ataH sthita evaM prakRtyA niraticAramAtrAnuSThAnaM zuddhopayogAnusAri viziSTA'tramAdasaciyaM viniyogapradhAnagambhIrodArAzayamiti / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, svo0 vRtti gA0 15 2. (ka) kAntAyAmetadanyeSAM prItaye dhAraNA praa| ato'tra nAnyamunnityaM mImAMsA'sti hitodayA / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 163 (kha) dhAraNA prItaye'nyeSAM kAntAyAM nityadarzanam / nAnyamut sthirabhAvena mImAMsA ca hitodayA / / - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 24/yogadRSTisamuccaya, 164-168; dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA 24/6-16 4. yogamanovijJAna, pR0214 bhAratIyadarzana, baladeva upAdhyAya, pR0 303 gorakSasaMhitA, 2/52 dezabandhazcittasya dhaarnnaa| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 3/1 nAbhicakre, hRdayapuNDarIke, mUni jyotiSi, nAsikAgre, jihAgre ityevamAdiSu dezeSu bAhye vA viSaye cittasya vRttimAtreNa bandha iti dhaarnnaa| - vyAsabhASya, pR0314 6. adhyAtmataraMgiNI, gA03 10. dhAraNA zrutanirdiSTabIjAnAmavadhAraNam / - AdipurANa, 21/227

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama jaina sAhitya meM ullikhita "ekAgramanaH sannivezana" zabda bhI pAtaJjalayoga sammata dhAraNA se pUrNa sAmya rakhatA hai| ekAgra kA artha hai avalambana vizeSa aura sannivezana kA artha hai sthApita karanA / isa prakAra "ekAgramanaH sannivezana" kA artha huA * mana ko kisI eka dhyeya (Alambana) para sthira karanA / isakA phala cittanirodha (dhyAna) kI siddhi hai|' isIlie A0 hemacandra ne kisI dhyeya meM citta ko sthira karane ko dhAraNA kahA hai| - - jainayoga-paramparA meM 'dhAraNA' ke viSaya ke rUpa meM pudgala kAra aura nAsikA ke agrabhAga kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| dhAraNA ke sthAna ke viSaya meM jainAgamoM meM koI spaSTa vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hotaa| kevala AcArAMgasUtra meM isa viSaya se sambandhita ullekha kucha sthaloM para dRSTigata hote haiN| dhAraNA kA varNana uttaravartI sAhitya meM adhika huA hai| 10vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAtvartI AcAryoM ne vizeSataH A0 zubhacandra evaM hemacandra ne isakA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| dasavIM zatI meM haThayoga- paramparA evaM nAtha- paramparA kA kAphI pracalana thaa| unake yogaviSayaka granthoM kA lekhana isI kAla meM huA thA / ataH sambhAvita hai ki A0 zubhacandra evaM A0 hemacandra ne tatkAlika paristhitiyoM ke anukUla janamAnasa kI mAMga ko dekhate hue haThayoga, tantrayoga evaM nAtha- paramparA se prabhAvita hokara tadanurUpa varNana karane kA nirNaya liyA ho / A0 zubhacandra ne 'dhAraNA' ko yogAMga ke rUpa meM ullikhita nahIM kiyA parantu unakA yaha kathana'jitendriya yogI viSayoM kI ora se indriyoM ko tathA una indriyoM kI ora se nirAkula mana ko pRthak karake nizcitatApUrvaka lalATa pradeza meM dhAraNa kare', ' dhAraNA ke hI svarUpa ko abhivyakta karatA hai| A0 zubhacandra evaM A0 hemacandra ne netrayugala, karNayugala, nAsikA kA agrabhAga, lalATa, mukha, kapAla, zira, hRdaya, tAlu, bhrUmadhya nAbhi Adi sthAnoM ko dhAraNA sthAna na kahakara dhyAna-sthAna ke rUpa meM sambodhita kiyA hai|' A0 hemacandra ne yogazAstra kI vRtti meM spaSTa karate hue inheM dhAraNA ke sthAna kahA hai aura dhAraNA ko dhyAna kA nimitta batAyA hai|" upA0 yazovijaya ne dhAraNA ko dhyAna kI pUrvapIThikA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate hue maharSi pataJjali ke samAna hI usakA lakSaNa kiyA hai| unake zabdoM meM citta ko nAbhicakra, nAsikA ke agrabhAga Adi deza - vizeSa meM sthira karanA 'dhAraNA' hai| isase mana dharma meM ekAgra hotA hai aura sAdhaka sabhI jIvoM meM priya ho jAtA hai / " dhAraNA ke sambandha meM uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki jainayoga-granthoM meM dhyAna ke prathama caraNa ke rUpa meM dhAraNA ko sahAyaka to mAnA gayA hai, parantu pAtaJjalayogasUtra ke samAna pRthak rUpa se usakA varNana kahIM nahIM miltaa| vastutaH jainayoga meM dhyAna kA kSetra itanA vistRta hai ki dhAraNA aura samAdhi donoM usI meM samAhita ho jAte haiN| jabaki pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi kA pRthak varNana huA hai| vahA~ dhyAna kI pUrvapIThikA 'dhAraNA' nAma se aura dhyAna kI parAkASThA 'samAdhi' ke rUpa meM citrita hai| pAtaJjalayoga se prabhAvita hokara hI upA0 yazovijaya ne citta ko kisI eka dhyeya para ekAgra karane 6. 7. 8. egaggamaNasannivesaNAe NaM cittaNirohaM karei / 1. 2. pAsanAhacariyaM 300 3. AcArAMgasUtra, 2/5/63, 6/4/14 4. upAsakAdhyayana, 6/6 : jJAnArNava, 27/ 12, 13 : yogazAstra, 6/7 5. 221 * uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26 / 26 nirudhya karaNagrAmaM samatvamavalambya ca / lalATadezasaMlInaM vidadhyAnnizcalaM manaH / / - jJAnArNava, 27/12 vahI. 27/13 yogazAstra, 6/7 evaM svo0 vRtti dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 24/10 evaM svo0 vRtti

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222 ko 'dhAraNA' kahA hai, ' kyoMki binA isake samAdhi kI pUrNa prApti nahIM ho sktii| kAntA nAmaka chaThI dRSTi ko chaThe yogAMga dhAraNA ke samakakSa mAnane kA pramukha kAraNa yaha ki isa dRSTi meM jIva kA bodha uttarottara bar3hatA huA usa avasthA taka pahu~ca jAtA hai, jahA~ usake citta kI caMcalatA kama ho jAtI hai| 7. prabhAdRSTi aura dhyAna 'prabhA' nAmaka sAtavIM dRSTi meM sAdhaka kI Atma-nirmalatA meM adhika abhivRddhi hotI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa usako sUrya kI prabhA ke sadRza suspaSTa bodha hotA hai jo dhyAna kA hetu banatA hai| isa dRSTi meM ucca koTi kA bodha hone se anya vikalpoM ko upasthita hone kA avasara nahIM milatA, sAdhaka ko prazama pradhAna sukha kI anubhUti hotI hai| saptama yogAMga dhyAna meM sAdhaka kI prIti hone se usake rAga, dveSa, moha rUpa tridoSajanya bhAvaroga naSTa ho jAte haiM, use tattvapratipatti nAmaka guNa kI prApti hotI hai tathA usakA jhukAva sadA satpravRtti kI ora rahatA hai| isake atirikta kAma para sampUrNatayA vijaya, dhyAnaja sukhAnubhUti, prazAntabhAva pradhAna viveka bala kA tIvra prAdurbhAva malarahita vizuddha svarNa ke samAna vizuddha, nirmala evaM kalyANakArI bodha kI prApti isa dRSTi kI vizeSatAe~ haiN| - pahale jo sAdhaka kA satpravRtti kI ora jhukAva batAyA gayA hai use hI A0 haribhadra ne asaMgAnuSThAna kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA hai| jo anuSThAna punaH punaH sevana rUpa abhyAsa kI adhikatA se kiyA jAtA hai, use asaMgAnuSThAna kahate haiN| isakA dUsarA nAma anAlambanayoga bhI hai aura yaha prIti, bhakti, Agama (vacana) aura asaMgatA * ina cAra anuSThAnoM meM sabase antima anuSThAna hai| asaMgAnuSThAna adhyAtma-sAdhanA ke mahAn patha para gatizIlatA kA sUcaka hai| isa avasthA meM sAdhaka adhyAtma-sAdhanA ke mahAn patha para apanI gati prArambha karatA hai jo usa zAzvata pada kI ora le jAtI hai jahA~ pahu~cakara koI vApisa (janma-maraNa rUpa saMsAra meM) nahIM lauTatA / parAdRSTi meM saMsthita sAdhaka dvArA asaMgAnuSThAna kA pAlana karane se yaha parama vItarAga bhAvarUpa sthiti ko prApta karAne vAlI kahI gaI hai| A0 haribhadra ke anusAra anya matoM meM asaMgAnuSThAna vibhinna nAmoM se AkhyAta hai| yogadarzana meM ise 'prazAMtavAhitA', bauddhadarzana meM 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 19. pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ny dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA 24/10 evaM svo0 vR0 prabhAyAM punararkabhAsamAno bodhaH sa dhyAnahetureva sarvadA, neha prAyo vikalpAvasaraH, prazamasAraM sukhamiha / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 15, svo0 vR0 (ka) dhyAnapriyA prabhA prAyo nAsyAM rugata eva hi / tattvapratipattiyutA vizeSeNa zamAnvitA / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 170 (kha) dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 24/17 yogadRSTisamuccaya, 171 vahI, 174: dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 24/20 (ka) satpravRttipadaM cehAsaMgAnuSThAnasaMjJitam - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 175 (kha) dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 24 / 21 SoDazaka, 10/7; yogaviMzikA, yazo0 vR0 gA0 18 yogaviMzikA, 18 6. yogadRSTisamuccaya. 175 10. yogadRSTisamuccaya, 177

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 223 "visabhAgaparikSaya' tathA zaivadarzana meM "zivavartma', anya mahAvratiyoM ke mata meM 'dhruvamArga' kahA jAtA hai|' A0 haribhadrasUri ne yogadRSTisamuccaya meM ise samAdhiniSTha anuSThAna bhI kahA hai| citta kI pUrNa svastha avasthA jisameM koI bheda-vibheda, rati-arati kA sparza nahIM hotA, 'samAdhi' kahalAtI hai| citta kI aisI zAnta-prazAnta avasthA meM yogI sAdhaka ke samIpa Ane vAle krUra-hiMsaka-vairI jIvoM kA vaira-virodhabhAva naSTa ho jAtA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa vaha anya prANiyoM ko kalyANa kA mArga batAkara paropakAra parAyaNa bana jAtA hai| usakI saba kriyAe~ paramArthabhAva rUpa hone se avandhya-amogha hotI haiM aura nizcaya hI mukti phalapradAyinI hotI haiN| ___ 'dhyAna' yoga kA sAtavAM tathA atyaMta mahatvapUrNa aMga hai| 'dhyai cintAyAm' dhAtu meM lyuT pratyaya ke yoga se niSpanna dhyAna kA artha hai - manana, vicAra yA cintana / kintu yoga meM isakA Azaya kucha bhinna hai| yoga kI paribhASA meM dhyAna kA artha cintana nahIM hai, apitu cintana kA ekAgrIkaraNa hai| arthAt citta ko kisI eka lakSya para sthira karanA 'dhyAna' hai| pataJjali ke anusAra dhAraNA meM jahA~ citta ko ThaharAyA jAe usI meM vRtti kA bane rahanA 'dhyAna' hai| bhASyakAra vyAsa isI bAta ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM ki jaba citta kI vRtti kisI eka dhyeya meM samAna pravAha se lagI rahe aura anya koI vRtti bIca meM na Ae to vaha sthiti 'dhyAna' kahalAtI hai| jainayoga meM dhyAna _ jainayoga meM dhyAna ko viziSTa sthAna diyA gayA hai| vastutaH jainayogAnusAra dhyAna jahA~ mana kI caMcala vRttiyoM ko niyaMtrita karake mana ko sthira karatA hai vahA~, karmoM kI nirjarA karake sAdhanA ko pUrNatA pradhAna karatA hai| jainamata meM bhI pAtaJjalayogadarzana kI bhA~ti kisI eka prabala viSaya para citta ko sthira karane ko 'dhyAna' kahA gayA hai| uttama saMhanana vAle kA eka viSaya meM cittavRtti ko rokanA bhI 'dhyAna' hai,jo antarmuhUrta kAla taka hotA hai| umAsvAti ne ekAgracintA tathA zarIra, vANI aura mana ke nirodha ko 'dhyAna' kahA hai| dhyAna meM nAnA padArthoM kA avalambana lene vAlI parispandavatI cintA ko haTAkara kisI eka dhyeya meM nirodha kiyA jAnA hI 'ekAgracintAnirodha' pada kA artha hai| isI dRSTi se citta vikSepa ke tyAga ko bhI 'dhyAna' kahA gayA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina-paramparA meM dhyAna kA sambandha kevala 1. (ka) prazAntavAhitAsaMjJaM visabhAgaparikSayaH / zivavartma dhuvAdhyeti yogibhirgIyate hyadaH / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 176 (kha) prazAntavAhitAsaMjJa-sAMkhyAnAM, visabhAgaparikSayo-bauddhAnAM, zivavartma-zaivAnA, dhruvAdhyA-mahAvratikAnAM, ityevaM yogibhirgIyate hAdo'saMgA'nuSThAnamiti / - vahI, gA0 176 svo0 vR0 (ga) dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 24/22 (ka) akiMcitkarANyatrAnyazAstrANi, samAdhiniSThamanuSThAnaM, tatsannidhau vairAdinAzaH, parAnugrahakartRtA, aucityayogo vineyeSu, tathAvandhyA satkriyeti / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, gA0 15 svo0 vR0 (kha) dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 24/23-25 tatra pratyayakatAnatA dhyAnam |-paatnyjlyogsuutr, 3/2 tasmindeze dhyeyAvalambanasya pratyayasyaikatAnatA sadRza pravAhaH pratyayAntareNAparAmRSTo dhyAnam / - vyAsabhASya, pR0 314-15 tattvArthasUtra. 6/3. 27 (ka) ato muttakAlaM cittassegaggaNayA havai jhaannN| - Avazyakaniyukti, gA0 1477 (kha) dhyAnazataka,2 (ga) dhyAnaM tu viSaye trimnnekprtyysNttiH| - abhidhAnacintAmaNikoza, 1/84 7. uttamasahananasyaikAgracintAnirodho dhyaanmaantrmuhuurtaat| - sarvArthasiddhi, 6/27 8. tattvArthasUtra, 6/27 aupapAtikasUtra, 26/25, sarvArthasiddhi, 6/27/872 10. cittavikSapatyAgo dhyaanm| - vahI, 6/20/857

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224 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana mana se hI nahIM mAnA gayA thA, vaha mana, vANI aura zarIra, tInoM se sambandhita thaa| isa abhimata ke AdhAra para mana kI niSprakampa dazA 'dhyAna' hai|' ___ A0 haribhadra ke anusAra sthira adhyavasAna AtmapariNAma kA nAma 'dhyAna' hai| yogabindu meM unhoMne zubha pratIkoM ke Alambana arthAt una para citta ke sthirIkaraNa ko dhyAna kahA hai jo dIpaka kI sthira lau ke samAna jyotirmaya, sUkSma tathA antaHpraviSTa cintana se samAyukta hotA hai| A0 zubhacandra ne ekAgracintAnirodha ko dhyAna kahA hai jisakA abhiprAya hai pratyayAntara ke saMsarga se rahita hokara eka hI vastu kA sthiratApUrvaka cintana kiyA jaanaa| dhyAna kA yaha svarUpa chadmastha meM hI saMbhava hai, isalie aisA dhyAna bArahaveM guNasthAna taka hotA hai| chadmastha ke dhyAna kA kAla-parimANa adhika se adhika antarmuhUrta taka batAyA gayA hai| isase adhika kAla taka chadmastha kA dhyAna eka viSaya para Tika nahIM sktaa| parantu eka viSaya se dUsare viSaya para, dUsare se tIsare viSaya para cintana kA pravAha cAlU rahane se dhyAna kA pravAha adhika samaya taka bhI cala sakatA hai| jaisA ki A0 hemacandra tathA A0 yazovijaya ne bhI kahA hai ki antarmuhUrta se Age Alambana bheda se dhyAnAntara ho sakatA hai, kintu eka viSayaka dhyAna antarmuhUrta se adhika kAla taka nahIM ho sktaa| aneka AlambanoM meM saMkramaNa hone para jo dIrgha sthiti vAlI tathA nirantara anya-anya dhyAna ke rUpa vAlI jo sthiti hotI hai use dhyAnazreNI yA dhyAnasantati kahA jAtA hai| vastutaH dhAraNA dvArA sthApita deza meM citta kI ekatAnatA 'dhyAna' hai| dhyAna ke bheda-prabheda ___ jainAgamoM evaM jainayoga sambandhI Agamottara sAhitya meM dhyAna ke cAra pramukha bhedoM kA varNana milatA hai - Arta, raudra, dharma aura zukla / inameM se Arta aura raudra dhyAna saMsAra-bandha ke kAraNa hone se aprazasta arthAt azubha mAne gaye haiM, jabaki dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna mokSa ke kAraNa hone se prazasta arthAt zubha kahe gaye haiN| inheM kramazaH durdhyAna aura sudhyAna kI saMjJA bhI dI gaI hai| dhyAna ke Arta Adi cAra bhedoM meM se pratyeka ke pRthaka-pRthak cAra bhedoM kA nirdeza bhI kiyA gayA hai| ArtadhyAna parigraha aura abrahmacarya ke viSayoM se sambandhita kiyA gayA cintana hai aura raudradhyAna hiMsA, asatya, caurya aura viSayarakSaNa - ina cAra avratoM ke viSayoM se sambandhita cintana hai| isalie saMsAra-bandha OM 1. Avazyakaniyukti, 1477-1462 yat sthiramadhyavasAnaM tad dhyAnam / - dhyAnazataka, 2 para haribhadra vRtti zubhaikAlambanaM cittaM dhyAnamA?manISiNaH / sthirapradIpa sadRzaM sUkSmAbhogasamanvitam / / - yogabindu, 362 jJAnArNava 23/14 (1.2) 5. muhUrtAntarmanaHsthairya, dhyAnaM chadmasthayoginAm / - yogazAstra. 4/115 muhUrtAtparatazcintA, yadvA dhyAnAntaraM bhvet| baharthasaMkrame tu syAddIrghA'pi dhyAnasaMtatiH / / - yogazAstra, 4/116 muhUrtAntarbhaved dhyAnamekArthe manasaH sthitiH / barthasaMkrame dIrghA'pyacchinnA dhyAnasaMtatiH / - adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/2 cittasya dhAraNAdeze pratyayasyaikatAnatA / dhyAnaM tataH sukhaM sAramAtmAyattaM pravartate / / - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 24/18 sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/247; samavAyAMgasUtra, 4/2; bhagavatIsUtra, 25/7/13; Avazyakaniyukti, 1477, mUlAcAra, 167: aupapAtikasUtra,30 tattvArthasUtra, 6/28; mahApurANa, 24/28; dhyAnazataka, 5 tattvAnuzAsana, 34 va 220; jJAnArNava, 4/1; 23/18-16, adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/3: Avazyakaniyukti, hari0 vR0 dhyAnAdhikAra, gA02 11. tattvArthasUtra, 6/28, siddhasenaTIkA evaM zrutasAgarIya vRtti; dhyAnazataka 3, jJAnArNava, 25/20, yogazAstra, 4, 115 .

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 225 ke kAraNa hone se ukta donoM dhyAna mokSa ke hetubhUta yathArtha dhyAna ke svarUpa ekAgracintA-nirodha' ke viparIta haiN| sambhava hai ki vahA~ tapa kA prakaraNa hone se Arta aura raudra ina do aprazasta dhyAnoM kA parigaNana na kiyA gayA ho| parantu tapa kA prakaraNa hone para bhI mUlAcAra, tattvArthasUtra aura aupapAtika sUtra meM uparyukta Arta aura raudra dhyAna ko sammilita kara dhyAna ke pUrvokta cAroM bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| dhyAna ke antargata inakA varNana doSoM kA parimArjana karane kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai| jaise doSa ko jAne binA doSa kA parimArjana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, usI prakAra Arta aura raudradhyAna ko jAne binA unake chor3ane kI bAta samajha meM nahIM aatii| Ate aura raudradhyAna ko chor3anA sAdhaka ke lie atyAvazyaka hai isIlie dhyAna ke antargata inakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| ____ A0 zubhacandra ne dhyAna ke azubha, zubha aura zuddha tIna bheda kiye haiM, jo Arta, raudra, dharma aura zukla, ina cAra dhyAnoM meM samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| AcArya zubhacandra aura hemacandra ne piNDastha, padastha, rUpastha, rUpAtIta - dharmadhyAna ke ina cAra avAntara bhedoM kA cittavRtti ko ekAgra karane kI apekSA se varNana kiyA hai| inake yogagranthoM meM dharmadhyAna ke maulika rUpa AjJAvicaya, vipAkavicaya aura saMsthAnavicaya ke sthAna para piNDastha Adi dhyAna varNita haiN| jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura vairAgya bhAvanA ke sthAna para pArthivI, AgneyI, vAyavI aura mAruti - ina cAra bhAvanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| sambhava hai ki haThayoga aura taMtrayoga ke prati janasamudAya ke AkarSaNa ko dekhakara ukta jainAcAryoM ne bhI apane yogagranthoM meM parivartana kara inakA samAveza kiyA ho| vastutaH piNDastha Adi cAra dhyAnoM kA mUla taMtrazAstra hai| __ A0 hemacandra ne dharma aura zukla ina do prazasta dhyAnoM kA hI vivecana kiyA hai| dharmadhyAna meM AjJAvicaya Adi cAra bhedoM tathA zakladhyAna meM zratavicArayakta pathaktvavitarka Adi cAra bhedoM kA varNana hai| dhyAna ke viSaya ke antargata 'dhyAna' ko piNDasthAdi cAroM bhAgoM meM bhI vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| upA0 yazovijaya ne Arta Adi dhyAna ke cAra bhedoM evaM upabhedoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| 1. ArtadhyAna __ 'Rte bhavam Artam' isa nirukti ke anusAra Rta arthAt duHkha ke nimitta yA duHkha meM hone vAlA dhyAna 'ArtadhyAna' hai| athavA duHkhI prANI kA dhyAna 'ArtadhyAna' hai| yaha dhyAna mithyAjJAna kI vAsanA se utpanna hotA hai isalie ise diGmUr3hatA yA unmattatA ke samAna kahA gayA hai| aniSTa padArthoM ke saMyoga, iSTa padArthoM ke viyoga, rogajanita vedanA aura aprApta bhogoM ko prApta karane kI AkAMkSA rUpa nidAna ke Azraya 9. Suzuko-Ohira, Treatment of Dhyana, Philosophical Quarterly, Vol - III, No. 1 Oct, '75, p. 54 saMkSeparucibhiH sUtrAttannirUpyAtmanizcayAt / tridhaivAbhimataM kaizcidhato jIvAzayastridhA || - jJAnArNava, 3/27 jJAnArNava, 37/1 yogazAstra, 7/8 piNDasthaM ca padastha ca rUpasthaM rUpavarjitam / / caturdhA dhyAnamAmnAtaM bhavyarAjIvabhAskaraiH / / - jJAnArNava, 34/1 pArthivI syAttathAgneyI zvasanAkhyAtha vAruNI / tattvarUpavatI ceti vijJeyAstA yathAkramam / / - jJAnArNava, 34/3 taMtrAloka, 10/241 Rte bhavamathArtaM syAdasaddhyAnaM zarIriNAm / diGmohonmattatAtulyamavidyAvAsanAvazAt / / - jJAnArNava, 23/21

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226 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana se jo saMklezatApUrNa cintana hotA hai, vaha ArtadhyAna kahalAtA hai| aniSTa vastu kA saMyoga, pratikUla vedanA, iSTa vastu kA viyoga aura bhoga kI lAlasA, ye duHkha kI utpatti ke mukhya cAra kAraNa haiN| inhIM ke AdhAra para A0 zubhacandra, upA0 yazovijaya tathA anya jainAcAryoM ne ArtadhyAna ke bhI cAra bheda mAne haiM - 1. aniSTasaMyoga ArtadhyAna, 2. rogacintA ArtadhyAna, 3. iSTaviyoga ArtadhyAna tathA 4. nidAna aartdhyaan| ___ A0 zubhacandra ne zaMkA, zoka, bhaya, pramAda, jhagar3Alu vRtti, cintA, bhrAnti, vyAkulatA, pAgalapana, viSayoM kI abhilASA, niraMtara nidrA, zarIra kI jar3atA, parizrama aura mUrchA Adi lakSaNoM se ArtadhyAnI kI pahacAna batAI hai| __ upA0 yazovijaya ke anusAra ArtadhyAnI meM krandana, (zokAtura hokara azrupAta karanA), zecana (atyanta zoka-vilApa karanA) paridevana (dInatA bhare vacana bolanA, jhUranA), tADana (pITanA) Adi lakSaNa dikhAI dete haiN| unake anusAra ArtadhyAnI meM anya lakSaNa bhI pAye jAte haiN| jaise - apane niSphala hue kRtya kI nindA karanA, dUsaroM kI sAMsArika sampatti kI prazaMsA karanA, vismita hokara una sampattiyoM ke lie prArthanA karanA tathA unheM prApta karane ke lie atyanta lAlAyita rhnaa| ArtadhyAnI ke kApota, nIla aura kRSNa - ye tIna lezyAe~ hotI haiN|6|| ArtadhyAna kI utpatti ke nimnalikhita hetu (kAraNa) haiM - 1. pramattatA, 2. indriya-viSayoM meM lolupatA, 3. dharma se vimukhatA, 4. jinavacanoM se nirpeksstaa|" ArtadhyAna prathama guNasthAna se lekara pramattasayaMta nAmaka chaThe guNasthAna taka ke sAdhakoM ko hotA hai| prathama pAMca guNasthAnoM meM cAroM prakAra kA ArtadhyAna ho sakatA hai| chaThe guNasthAna meM nidAna ArtadhyAna nahIM hotaa| vaha pUrvavartI pAMca guNasthAnoM meM hI saMbhava hai| ___ rAga-dveSa, mohayukta prANI ArtadhyAna ke kAraNa saMsAra kI vRddhi karatA hai aura sAmAnyataH tiryaMca gati meM jAtA hai| 1. (ka) aniSTayogajanmAdyaM tatheSTArthAtyayAtparam / rukprakopAtRtIyaM syAnnidAnAtturyamaGginAm / / - jJAnArNava, 23/22 (kha) adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/4.5; draSTavya : sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/248 jJAnArNava, 23/22; adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/4.5, bhagavatIsUtra, 25/7: aupapAtika sUtra, 30vAM adhikAra sthAnAMgasUtra, sthAna,4; tattvArthasUtra, 6/31-34 jJAnArNava, 23/41 adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/7 moghaM nindannijaM kRtyaM, prazaMsan parasampadaH / vismitaH prArthayannetAH prasaktazcaitadarjane / / - vahI, 5/16/8 jJAnArNava, 23/38; adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/6 adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/6 (ka) saMyatAsaMyateSvetaccaturbhedaM prajAyate / pramattasaMyatAnAM tu nidAnarahitaM tridhA / / -- jJAnArNava, 23/37 (kha) prmttaantgunnsthaanaanugmetnmhaatmnaa| - adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/10 (ka) anantaduHkha saMkIrNamasya tiryaggatiH phalam / - jJAnArNava, 23/40 (kha) sarvapramAdamUlatvAttyAjyaM tiryaggatipradam | - adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/10

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 2. raudradhyAna raudra arthAt krUra aura kaThora vRtti vAle citta athavA jIva kA dhyAna 'raudradhyAna' hai|' hiMsA, asatya, corI aura viSaya saMrakSaNa ke lie jo krUratApUrNa cintana kiyA jAtA hai vaha 'raudradhyAna' hai| cUMki krUratA aura kaThoratA kA mUla kAraNa hiMsA, asatya, corI aura viSaya saMrakSaNa kI pravRtti hai, ataH ina pravRttiyoM ke AdhAra para raudradhyAna ke bhI cAra prakAra mAne gae haiN|- 1. hiMsAnubandhI raudradhyAna, 2. mRSAnubaMdhI raudradhyAna, 3. cauryAnubandhI raudradhyAna tathA 4 viSayasaMrakSaNAnubandhI raudradhyAna / jJAnArNava meM raudradhyAnI ke duSTatA, daNDa kI kaThoratA, dhUrtatA, kaThoratA aura svabhAva meM nirdayatA Adi Abhyantara cihnoM tathA agni ke kaNa ke samAna lAla netra, bhRkuTiyoM kI kuTilatA, zarIra kI bhayAnaka AkRti, kAMpanA aura pasInA Adi AnA ityAdi bAhya cihnoM kA ullekha milatA hai| upA0 yazovijaya ke anusAra utsanna doSatva (bahulatA se hiMsAdi meM se kisI eka meM bAra-bAra pravRtti karanA), bahudoSatva (hiMsAdi aneka doSoM meM bahulatA se pravRtta honA), nAnAdoSatva (ajJAnavaza hiMsAdi nAnA doSoM meM pravRtta honA), AmaraNAnta athavA mAraNa doSatva (maraNa paryanta hiMsAdi karmoM ke lie pazcAttApa na karake unameM pravRtti karate rahanA) hiMsAdi meM pravRtti tathA pApa karake khuza honA, nirdayatA, pazcAttApa kA abhAva, dUsaroM ko Apatti meM dekhakara atyanta abhimAna karanA athavA hRdaya meM harSita honA Adi raudradhyAna ke lakSaNa haiN| raudradhyAna meM atisaMkliSTa ( atyantamalina) rUpakarmoM ke pariNAma ke kAraNa kApota, nIla aura kRSNa - ye tIna lezyAe~ hotI haiN| yaha deza virati nAmaka paMcama guNasthAna taka ke jIvoM ko hotA hai| raudradhyAna utpanna hokara prANiyoM ke tInoMlokoM kI lakSmI ko utpanna karane vAle dharma rUpa vRkSa ko Adhe kSaNa meM hI jalAkara bhasma kara detA hai| raudradhyAnI sAmAnyataH naraka gati meM jAtA hai|" 3. dharmadhyAna mana ko ekAgra karanA 'dhyAna' hai| vaise to hara samaya kisI na kisI viSaya meM mana aTakA rahane ke kAraNa vyakti ko koI na koI dhyAna rahatA hI hai, parantu ve saba rAga-dveSa mUlaka hone se zreyamArga meM aniSTa haiM / ataH dhArmika kAryoM meM citta kI ekAgratA kA honA 'dharmadhyAna' hai / dharmadhyAna ke bheda jainAgamoM tathA uttaravartI granthoM meM dharmadhyAna ko cAra prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai| 1. AjJAvicaya, 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. rudraH krUrAzayaH prANI raudrakarmAsya kIrtitam / rudrasya khalu bhAvo vA raudramityabhidhIyate / / - jJAnArNava, 24/2 bhagavatIsUtra, 25/7 aupapAtika sUtra 30vAM adhikAra sthAnAMgasUtra sthAna 4 tattvArthasUtra 1/36: jJAnArNava, 24 / 3: adhyAtmasAra, 5/16 / 11, 12 krUratA daNDapAruSyaM vaMcakatvaM kaThoratA / nistriMzatvaM ca liMgAni raudrasyoktAni sUribhiH / / visphuliMganibhe netre bhrUvakrA bhISaNAkRtiH / kampasvedAdiliMgAni raudre bAhyAni dehinAm / / jJAnArNava, 24 / 35, 36 adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/15, 16, dhyAnazataka, 26 jJAnArNaya, 24 / 34; adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/14 (ka) raudrametaddhi jIvAnAM syAt paMcaguNabhUmikam jJAnArNava, 24 / 34 (kha) dezaviratiparyantaM raudradhyAnaM caturvidham / / - adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/13 jJAnArNava, 24 / 38 jJAnArNava, 24 / 42 adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/16 227 8. 6. bhagavatIsUtra, 25/7 sthAnAMgasUtra, 4 / 1: aupapAtikasUtra 30vAM adhikAra; tattvArthasUtra 6/37 10. jJAnArNava, 30 / 5. yogazAstra, 10 / 7, adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/35 J

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228 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 2. apAyavicaya, 3. vipAkavicaya,4. sNsthaanvicy| AjJA, apAya, vipAka tathA saMsthAna -ye dhyeya haiN| jisa prakAra kisI sthUla yA sUkSma Alambana para citta ko ekAgra kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra ina dhyeya viSayoM para bhI citta ko ekAgra kiyA jAtA hai| ukta kramAnusAra prANI pahale 'sAlambanadhyAna karane meM samartha hotA hai| jaba usameM citta kI sthiratA ho jAtI hai, tabhI vaha 'nirAlambanadhyAna' karane kI yogyatA prApta karatA hai| anAdi vibhrama, moha, anabhyAsa aura asaMgraha se prANI Atmatattva ko jAna lene para bhI skhalita ho jAtA hai aura AtmatattvaciMtana meM pragati nahIM kara paataa| aisA prANI ajJAna athavA mithyAtva ke bala para kabhI bhI Atmatattva kA cintana karane kA vicAra kare to bhI usakI sva meM sthiti nahIM ho sktii| isakA kAraNa usakI jhUThAvasthA aura sthUla vastuoM ke Upara rAga hai| aise prANiyoM ko nirAlambana Atmatattva kA ciMtana karane se pUrva vastudharma kA ciMtana kara sthiratA prApta kara lenI caahiye| jisa-jisa pramANa meM vaha lakSya meM se alakSya meM, sthUla se sUkSma meM, sAlambana se nirAlambana meM praveza karatA hai usI ke AdhAra para dharmadhyAna ke cAra bheda batAe gaye haiN| (1) AjJAvicaya' AjJA kA abhiprAya hai - kisI viSaya ko bhalI prakAra jAnakara usakA AcaraNa krnaa| vicaya kA artha hai - vicAra krnaa| yoga-mArga meM dhyAna ke saMdarbha meM isakA Azaya tIrthaMkara bhagavAna dvArA kathita upadezoM ke cintana se hai| jisa dhyAna meM sarvajJa kI AjJA ke anusAra Agamasiddha vastu ke svarUpa kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai vaha 'AjJAvicaya' kahalAtA hai| (2) apAyavicaya apAya kA artha hai - vinAza, doSa yA durgunn| jisa dhyAna meM karmoM ke vinAza aura upAya kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai vaha 'apAyavicaya' kahalAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM dhyAna meM utpanna hone vAle rAga-dveSa, krodhAdi kaSAya, viSaya-vikAra Adi pApasthAnoM tathA tajjanita kaSToM, durgatiyoM Adi kA cintana karanA 'apAyavicaya' hai| (3) vipAkavicaya pUrvabaddha karma udaya meM Akara jo pratyeka kSaNa aneka prakAra ke phala dete haiM usakA nAma vipAka hai| ataH kSaNa-kSaNa meM utpanna hone vAle vibhinna prakAra ke karmaphala ke udaya kA cintana karanA 'vipAkavicaya' hai| (4) saMsthAnavicaya saMsthAna kA artha hai - AkAra / isa dhyAna meM anAdi anantasthAyI parantu utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya svarUpa loka kI AkRti evaM sthiti Adi kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| isa loka saMsthAna meM svayaM AtmA apane karmoM kA kartA evaM bhoktA hai, arUpI hai, avinAzI hai tathA upayoga lakSaNa se yukta hai aisA vicAra karanA bhI 'saMsthAnavicaya' dhyAna kahalAtA hai| isake atirikta AgamottaravartI jaina sAhitya meM dhyAna ke anya bhedoM kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| yathA - piNDastha, padastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta dhyaan| A0 zubhacandra evaM 1. jJAnArNava 30vA adhikAra; yogazAstra 10/6-10: adhyAtmasAra.5/16/36 2. jJAnArNava 31vAM adhikAra; yogazAstra 10/10, 11; adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/37 3. jJAnArNava 32vAM adhikAra: yogazAstra 10/12, adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/38 4. jJAnArNava 33vAM adhikAra: yogazAstra 10/14: adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/36 bhAvasaMgraha 616-30; amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 15/23-56 piNDarathaM ca padasthaM ca rUpasthaM rUpavarjitam / caturdhA dhyAnamAmnAtaM bhavyarAjIvabhAskaraiH / / - jJAnArNava. 34/1

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 229 A0 hemacandra ne bhI inakA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| A0 hemacandra ne ukta cAra prakAra ke dhyAnoM kA varNana dhyAna ke viSaya (dhyeya) ke aMtargata kiyA hai| taMtrazAstra meM bhI piNDa, pada, rUpa aura rUpAtIta, ina cAroM dhyAnoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai| donoM ke artha-bheda ko chor3akara dekhA jAe to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaina sAhitya kA uparyukta vargIkaraNa taMtrazAstra se prabhAvita hai| (ka) piNDasthadhyAna piNDa kA artha hai - zarIra piNDa arthAta zarIra kA Alambana lekara kiyA jAne vAlA dhyAna piNDastha dhyAna' hai| isameM zarIra ke vibhinna bhAgoM para mana ko kendrita kiyA jAtA hai| isameM dhAraNAoM kA Alambana bhI liyA jAtA hai| A0 zubhacandra evaM hemacandra ne pA~ca prakAra kI dhAraNAoM kA nirdeza kara piNDastha dhyAna ke svarUpa ko aura adhika vikasita kara diyA hai| ye pA~ca dhAraNAe~ haiM - 1. pArthivI, 2. Agneya, 3. mAruti, 4. vAruNI aura 5. tattvarUpavatI (tttvbhuu)| pArthivI dhAraNA prathama pArthivI dhAraNA meM yogI madhyaloka ke samAna kSIra-samudra, usameM hajAra pattoM vAle jambUdvIpa pramANa kamala, usameM meru parvata svarUpa karNikA, usake Upara unnata siMhAsana aura usake Upara rAga-dveSa se rahita AtmA kA smaraNa karatA hai| AgneyI dhAraNA AgneyI dhAraNA meM sAdhaka nAbhimaNDala meM solaha pattoM vAle kamala, usake pratyeka patra para akArAdi ke krama se sthita solaha svaroM aura usakI karNikA para mahAmaMtra (i) kI kalpanA karatA hai| phira usa mahAmaMtra kI repha se nikalatI huI agnikaNoM se saMyukta jvAlA vAlI dhUmazikhA kA cintana karatA hai| isa jvAlA samUha ke dvArA vaha hRdayastha usa ATha pattoM vAle adhomukha kamala ko bhasma hotA huA dekhatA hai, jisake ATha pattoM para jJAnAvaraNadi ATha karma sthita haiN| tatpazcAt vaha zarIra ke bAhara usa trikoNa agnimaNDala kA smaraNa karatA hai, jo zarIra aura usa kamala ko jalAkara bAhya kucha zeSa na rahane se svayaM zAnta ho gayA hai| mAruti (vAyavI) dhAraNA isa dhAraNA meM sAdhaka mahAsama kSubdha kara AkAza meM vicaraNa karane vAlI bhayAnaka. usa prabala vAyu kA cintana karatA hai, jo pRthvItala meM praviSTa hokara AgneyI dhAraNA meM deha evaM kamala ko jalAne ke bAda 1. piNDasthaM ca padasthaM ca rUpasthaM rUpavarjitam / caturdhA dhyeyamAmnAtaM dhyAnasyA'lambanaM budhaiH / / - yogazAstra.7/8 tantrAloka 10/241 yogazAstra.7/8 para svopajJa vRtti jJAnasAra, 16-20 jJAnArNava, 34/2.3 yogazAstra. 7/6 7. jJAnArNava, 34/46: yogazAstra. 7/10-12 8. jJAnArNava, 34/10-16: yogazAstra, 7/13-18 6. jJAnArNava. 34/20-23: yogazAstra.7/16, 20

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230 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana usa zarIra aura kamala kI bacI huI bhasma ko uThAkara svayaM zAnta ho jAtI hai| isake sAtha hI sAdhaka vAyu ke bIjAkSara 'so'yaM' kA dhyAna karatA hai| vAruNI dhAraNA' isa dhAraNA ke antargata sAdhaka amRta ke samAna vRSTi barasAne vAle megha samUha se vyApta aura indradhanuSa aura bijalI kI garjanA se yukta aise AkAza kA cintana karatA hai jo nirantara bar3I-bar3I bUMdoM se varSA karake jalapravAha ke dvArA ardhacandrAkAra varuNa bIjAkSara se cihnita ramaNIya varuNapura ko DubotA huA pUrvokta bhasma hue zarIra se utpanna usa samasta dhUli ko dho DAlatA hai| tattvarUpavatI (tattvabhU) dhAraNA' isake antargata sAdhaka sapta dhAtuoM se rahita pUrNa candra ke samAna nirmala kAnti vAle sarvajJa sadRza apane zuddha AtmA kA cintana karatA hai| usake pazcAt siMhAsana para ArUr3ha hokara samasta atizayoM se suzobhita samasta karmoM ke vinAzaka, kalyANakArI mahimA se sampanna, apane zarIra meM sthita nirAkAra AtmA kA smaraNa-cintana karatA hai| isa prakAra nirantara paMcavidha dhAraNAoM se yukta piMDasthadhyAna meM dRr3hatara abhyAsa ko prApta huA yogI thor3e hI samaya meM anya ke dvArA asAdhya mokSa-sukha ko prApta kara letA hai| piNDasthadhyAna kA abhyAsa karane vAle sAdhaka kI samIpatA pAkara duSTa vidyAe~ - uccATaNa, mAraNa, staMbhana, vidveSaNa, mantra, maNDala Adi zaktiyA~ nirarthaka ho jAtI haiN| zAkinI, duSTa graha aura rAkSasa Adi bhI apanI durvAsanA ko chor3a dete haiN| saMkSepa meM isa dhyAna meM AtmazaktiyoM ke jAgRta hone para bAhya virodhI zaktiyA~ vazIbhUta ho jAtI haiM aura sAdhaka kA mana kramazaH sthira hotA huA zukladhyAna ke yogya bana jAtA hai| (kha) padasthadhyAna pavitra padoM kA Alambana lekara jo anuSThAna yA cintana kiyA jAtA hai use 'padasthadhyAna' kahate haiN| isa dhyAna kA mukhya Alambana zabda hai, kyoMki svaroM tathA vyaMjanoM se zabdoM kI utpatti hotI hai| isalie isa dhyAna ko varNamAtakA kA dhyAna bhI kahA jAtA hai| isameM sarvaprathama nAbhikanda para sthita solaha paMkhur3iyoM vAle prathama kamala meM pratyeka patra para kramazaH solaha svaroM a, A, i, I, u, U, R, lu, e, ai, o, au, aM aH kI bhramaNa karatI huI paMkti kA cintana kiyA jAtA hai| tatpazcAt hRdayastha karNikA sahita kamala kI caubIsa paMkhur3iyoM para ka, kha, ga, gha, Ga, ca, cha, ja., jha, Ja, Ta, Tha, Da, Dha, Na, ta, tha, da, dha, na, pa, pha, ba, bha, ma ina 25 vyaMjanoM kA cintana kiyA jAtA hai| isake bAda sAdhaka mukha meM tIsare ATha 1. 2. jJAnArNava, 34/24-27: yogazAstra,7/21. 22 jJAnArNava 34/28-30; yogazAstra 7/23-25 (ka) ityavirataM sa yogI piNDasthe jAtanizcalAbhyAsaH / zivasukhamananyasAdhyaM prApnotyacireNa kAlena / / - jJAnArNava, 34/31 (kha) sAbhyAsa iti piNDasthe, yogI zivasukhaM bhajet / - yogazAstra, 7/25 jJAnArNava, 34/33: yogazAstra.7/26-28 (ka) padAnyAlambya puNyAni yogibhiryavidhIyate / tatpadasthaM mataM dhyAnaM vicitranayapAragaiH / / - jJAnArNava, 35/1 (kha) yatpadAni pavitrANi, samAlamya vidhIyate / tatpadasthaM samAkhyAtaM. dhyAnaM siddhAntapAragaiH / / - yogazAstra.8/1 dhyAyedanAdisiddhAntaprasiddhAM varNamAtRkAm / niHzeSazabdavinyAsajanmabhUmi jagannatAm / / - jJAnArNava, 35/2 ja

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama paMkhur3iyoM vAle kamala kI kalpanA kara usameM zeSa ATha vyaMjanoM ya, ra, la, va, za, Sa, sa, ha kA cintana karatA hai|' isa prakAra nirantara dhyAna karane vAlA yogI sampUrNa zruta kA jJAtA ho jAtA hai / prakArAntara se mantrarAja (ahaM) anAhata deva, praNava (U), guru, paMcanamaskAramantra, saptAkSara mantra, solaha akSarayukta mahAvidyA, chaha varNayukta vidyA, cAra varNayukta mantra, do varNayukta mantra, a varNa, pAMca varNamaya vidyA, maMgala-uttama-zaraNa padasamUha, teraha akSaravAlI vidyA, pA~ca varNamaya mantra, ATha varNayukta mantra, mAyAvarNa, mahAmAyA, saptAkSara maMtra, praNava- zUnya- anAhatatraya, ityAdi bahuta se maMtroM va vidyAoM ke cintana kA nirdeza dete hue sabakA pRthak pRthak phala bhI batAyA gayA hai| padasthadhyAna ke prabhAva se trikAlavartI padArthoM kA jJAna tathA padmazrI mantramayI devatA kI ArAdhanA se mukti prApti kI sukaratA, indriyAtIta jyoti kA prAdurbhAva Adi phala bhI kahA gayA hai|" (ga) rUparathadhyAna sazarIra arihanta bhagavAn kI zAnta mudrA kA sthira citta se dhyAna karanA 'rUpasthadhyAna' hai / jJAnArNava evaM yogazAstra meM sAta dhAtuoM se rahita va samasta atizayoM va pratihAryo Adi se vibhUSita samavasaraNa meM virAjamAna Adya jinendra ke svarUpa kA cintana karane ko 'rUpasthadhyAna' kahA gayA hai' athavA rAga-dveSa evaM mohAdi vikAroM se rahita jinendra pratimA ke rUpa kA jo dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai, vaha 'rUpastha-dhyAna hai| isa dhyAna meM dhyAtA ko mahezvara", Adideva, acyuta, sanmati, sugata, mahAvIra aura vardhamAna Adi aneka sArthaka pavitra nAmoM se upalakSita kara ananta vIryayukta va rogarahita sarvavyApI deva kA smaraNa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| phalasvarUpa vItarAga paramAtmA rUpI dhyeya se tanmayatA hone lagatI hai| (gha) rUpAtItadhyAna jJAnArNava evaM yogazAstra meM amUrta, nirAkAra, cidAnandasvarUpa nirmala, niraMjana evaM avinAzI, siddhaparamAtmA ke dhyAna ko 'rUpAtItadhyAna' kahA gayA hai| rUpAtIta dhyAna bhI rUpastha dhyAna kI taraha dhyeya rUpa siddha paramAtmA ke sAtha ekarUpatA kI prApti meM parama sahAyaka hai|" isa avasthA meM koI bhI Alambana nahIM rahane se yogI siddha-paramAtmA kI AtmA meM tanmaya ho jAtA hai tathA dhyAtA aura dhyAna ina donoM ke 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. jJAnArNava, 35 / 3-5 yogazAstra, 8 / 2-4 ityajastraM smaranyogI prasiddhAM varNamAtRkAm / zrutajJAnAmbudheH pAraM prayAti vigatantramaH / jJAnArNava 35/6 jJAnArNava, 35 / 7-117 yogazAstra, 8 /6-80 yogazAstra, 8 / 523, 27 arhato rUpamAlambya dhyAnaM rUpasthamucyate / - yogazAstra, 6/7 jJAnArNava 36vAM prakaraNa yogazAstra, 6/1-7deg yogazAstra, 6/8-10 jJAnArNaya, 36/27-31 - 8. 6. yogazAstra 6/11-12, 14 10. (ka) cidAnandamayaM zuddhamamUrtaM jJAnavigraham / 231 smaretrAtmanAtmAnaM tadrUpAtItamiSyate / jJAnArNava, 37/16 (kha) amUrtasya cidAnandarUpasya paramAtmanaH / niraMjanasya siddhasya, dhyAnaM syAd rUpavarjitam / / - yogazAstra, 10/1 11 ityajastraM smaran yogI tatsvarUpAvalambanaH / tanmayatyamavApnoti grAhyagrAhakavarjitam / yogazAstra, 10/2 .

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232 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana abhAva meM dhyeya rUpa siddha-paramAtmA ke sAtha usakI ekarUpatA ho jAtI hai| isa avasthA ko 'samarasIbhAva' bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha nirAlambana dhyAna hai| ukta kramAnusAra pahale sAdhaka sAlambana dhyAna kA abhyAsa karatA hai| usameM eka sthUla Alambana hotA hai, jisase dhyAna ke abhyAsa meM suvidhA milatI hai| jaba isakA abhyAsa paripakva ho jAtA hai taba nirAlambana dhyAna kI yogyatA prApta hotI hai| jo vyakti sAlambana dhyAna kA abhyAsa kiye binA sIdhA nirAlambana dhyAna karanA cAhatA hai, vaha vaicArika AkulatA se ghira jAtA hai, isalie sarvaprathama sAlambana dhyAna karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| dhyAna kA krama sthUla se sUkSma, savikalpa se nirvikalpa aura sAlambana se nirAlambana honA caahiye| isa krama se dhyAna kA abhyAsa karane se alpa samaya meM hI tattvajJAna kI prApti ho jAtI hai| ukta cAroM prakAra ke dhyAnAmRta meM nimagna muni kA mana jagata ke tattvoM kA sAkSAtkAra karake anubhava jJAna prApta kara AtmA kI vizuddhi kara letA hai| dharmadhyAna kI maryAdAe~ (yogyatA) dhyAna meM saphalatA prApta karane ke lie abhyAsa prArambha karane se pUrva kucha viziSTa bAtoM ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai kyoMki unheM samajha lene para hI dhyAna karanA sulabha hotA hai| vaise to sabhI dhyAna-granthoM meM nyUnAdhika rUpa se unakI carcA kI gaI hai parantu jainAcAryoM ne unake viSaya meM apanA viziSTa abhimata prakaTa kiyA hai| dhyAna se sambandhita jina viSayoM kA jJAna prApta karanA Avazyaka hai, ve isa prakAra haiM - bhAvanA, pradeza, kAla, Asana, Alambana, krama, dhyAtA, anuprekSA, lezyA, liMga aura phl| upA0 yazovijaya ne ukta paramparA kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai, jabaki A0 hemacandra ne dhyAtA, dhyeya aura phala kA hI nirUpaNa kiyA bhAvanA dharmadhyAna meM yogyatA prApti hetu upA0 yazovijaya ne jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura vairAgya - ina cAra bhAvanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ina bhAvanAoM ke abhyAsa se mAnasika sthiratA prApta hotI hai aura sthira citta vAlA puruSa hI dhyAna kI yogyatA prApta karatA hai| dUsare meM aisI yogyatA nahIM hotii| umAsvAti, zubhacandra va hemacandra1 Adi jainAcAryoM ne dhyAna kI siddhi hetu maitrI, pramoda, karuNA aura mAdhyastha-ina cAra bhAvanAoM ke cintana para jora diyA hai| sabhI saMsArI jIvoM meM samAnatA kA bhAva rakhate hue unake OMoing yogazAstra, 10/3 2. alakSya-lakSyasambandhAt, sthUlAt sUkSma vicintayet / sAlambanAcca nirAlamba, tattvavit tattvamaJjasA / / - yogazAstra, 10/5 evaM caturvidha dhyAnAmRtamagnaM munermanaH / sAkSAtkRtajagattattvaM, vidhatte zuddhimAtmanaH / / - yogazAstra 10/6 dhyAnazataka, 28, 26 adhyAtmasAra.5/16/18, 16 yogazAstra,7/1 vahI. 5/16/16 adhyAtmasAra.5/16/20.21 maitrIpramodakAruNyamAdhyasthAni sttvgunnaadhikklishymaanaavineyessu| - tattvArthasUtra, 7/6 10. catasro bhAvanA dhanyAH purANapuruSAzritAH / maitryAdayazciraM citte vidheyA dharmasiddhaye / / - jJAnArNaya, 25/4 11. maitrI-pramoda-kAruNya-mAdhyasthAni niyojayet / dharmadhyAnamupaskatu, taddhi tasya rasAyanam / / - yogazAstra, 4/117 For Private & Personal use.Only

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 233 lie duHkha utpanna na ho, isa prakAra kI abhilASA kA nAma 'maitrI bhAvanA hai|' athavA sabhI prANI saMkleza va Apatti se rahita hokara jIvita raheM tathA vaira, pApa evaM apamAna ko chor3akara sukha ko prApta hoM - aisA vicAra karanA 'maitrI bhAvanA hai| jinhoMne sabhI doSoM kA tyAga kara diyA hai, aura jo vastu ke yathArthasvarUpa ko dekhate haiM, una sAdhu puruSoM ke guNoM ke prati AdarabhAva hAna SoM ke guNoM ke prati AdarabhAva honA, unakI prazaMsA karanA, 'pramoda bhAvanA' athavA 'muditA bhAvanA hai| dIna, pIr3ita, bhayabhIta aura jIvana kI yAcanA karane vAle prANiyoM ke duHkha ko dUra karane kI buddhi karuNA bhAvanA hai| nizaMkatA se krUra kArya karane vAle, deva-guru kI nindA karane vAle aura Atma-prazaMsA karane vAle jIvoM para upekSA bhAva rakhanA 'mAdhyastha bhAvanA hai| ina cAroM bhAvanAoM kA pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM bhI varNana milatA hai| deza dhyAna ke lie ekAnta pradeza apekSita hai| A0 zubhacandra ne vaha sthAna jahA~ mleccha va adharma janoM kA nivAsa ho, jo duSTa rAjA ke dvArA zAsita ho tathA pAkhaMDI samUha, mithyAdRSTi, kaulika, kApAlika, bhUta, betAla, juArI, madya-pAna karane vAlA, vaTI, zilpI, kArU, unmatta, upadravI evaM durAcAriNI striyoM se vyApta ho, kA dhyAna meM bAdhaka hone se niSedha kiyA hai| isake atirikta unhoMne tRNa, kAMTe, sAMpa kI bAMbI, patthara, kIcar3a, bhasma, jUThana, haDDI, rudhira Adi se dUSita tathA jIva-jantuoM dvArA prAdhikRta sthAna ko bhI dhyAna ke lie ayogya batAyA hai| noM kI ora nirdeza karate hue A0 zubhacandra evaM A0 hemacandra ne siddhakSetra, mahAtIrtha, purANa puruSoM se adhiSThita aura tIrthaMkaroM ke kalyANakoM se sambaddha kSetra ko dhyAna kI siddhi hetu upayukta batAyA hai| isake atirikta vRkSakoTara, jIrNa udyAna, zmazAna, guphA, siddhakUTa, jinAlaya aura kolAhala evaM upadrava se rahita janazUnya gRha Adi ko bhI dhyAna ke yogya sthAna kahA gayA hai| jisa sthAna para rAgAdi doSoM kA utpanna honA sambhAvita na ho, vaha sadA hI dhyAna ke lie yogya mAnA gayA hai| parantu bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dhyAna ke lie kisI sthAna vizeSa kI koI maryAdA nirdhArita nahIM kii| upA0 yazovijaya ne bhI bhagavAna kI isa mAnyatA kA samarthana kiyA hai|12 kAla dhyAna ke lie kAla kI koI maryAdA nahIM hai| vaha sArvakAlika hai| dhyAna ke lie vahI kAla upayogI 1. jJAnArNava. 25/5; yogazAstra, 4/118; tattvArthAdhigamabhASya, 7/6; SoDazaka, 4/15, 2. jJAnArNava, 25/7 3. jJAnArNaya, 25/11; yogazAstra, 4/116: Sor3azaka, 4/15, 4. jJAnArNava. 25/10: yogazAstra, 4/120 SoDazaka, 4/15, jJAnArNava, 25/13-14; yogazAstra, 4/121 pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/33 jJAnArNava, 25/23-32 vahI. 25/33-35 (ka) simakSetre mahAtIrthe purANapuruSAzrite / kalyANakalite puNye dhyAnasiddhiH prajAyate / / -vahI, 26/1 (kha) tIrthaM vA svasthatAhetuM yattada vA dhyAnasiddhaye / kRtAsanajayo yogI, viviktaM sthAnamAzrayet / / - yogazAstra, 4/123 10. jJAnArNava, 26/2-6 11. gAme vA aduvA raNe, Neva gAme Neva raNNe dhammamAyANaha ....| - AcArAMgasUtra, 8/1/200 12. adhyAtmasAra,5/16/27

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234 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana hotA hai, jisameM yogoM ko uttama samAdhAna prApta ho| dhyAna ke lie dina, rAta, kSaNa, ghar3I Adi kA koI niyama nahIM hai| Asana jaina-paramparA meM dhyAna ke lie kisI Asana vizeSa para baiThane kA koI niyama nirdhArita nahIM hai| apitu jisa Asana (sthiti vizeSa) meM dhyAna karanA salabha ho, usI ko dhyAna ke lie upayukta batAyA gayA hai| isa abhimata ke anusAra dhyAna khar3e hokara, baiThakara athavA leTakara - tInoM avasthAoM meM kiyA jA sakatA Alambana jainazAstroM meM dhyAna rUpI zikhara para car3hane ke lie cAra Alambana batAe haiM - 1. vAcanA, 2. pracchanA, 3. parivartanA, 4. anuprekssaa| sUtrAdi kA paThana-pAThana 'vAcanA' hai| sUtrAdi meM zaMkA hone para nivAraNa hetu prazna pUchanA 'pRcchanA' hai| par3he hue sUtrAdi kI punaH punaH AvRtti karanA 'parivartanA' hai| sUtrArtha kA cintana-manana karanA 'anuprekSA' hai| upA0 yazovijaya ne ina cAroM AlambanoM ke sAtha kriyA (pratyupekSaNAdi) saddharma (uttama kSamAdi pariNAma rUpa dharma) tathA Avazyaka (sAmAyika Adi) kriyA ko bhI AlambanoM meM parigaNita kiyA hai| unake mata meM sUtrAdi AlambanoM kA Azraya lene se yogI saddhyAna para ArUr3ha ho jAtA hai aura usakA kabhI patana nahIM hotaa| krama apanI zakti ke anusAra dhyAna-sAdhanA ke aneka krama ho sakate haiN| jainAcAryoM ne dhyAna ke krama kA vicAra karate hue dharmadhyAna ke sAtha zukladhyAna ke bhI krama kA nirUpaNa kara diyA hai| unakA abhimata hai ki kevalajJAnI meM mana ke nirodha Adi se lekara dhyAna kI pratipatti taka eka nizcita krama hotA hai, kintu jo kevalajJAnI nahIM hai aise dharmadhyAniyoM ko yathAyogya (apanI-apanI yogyatAnusAra) samAdhAna karanA caahiye| dhyAtavya dhyAna karane yogya padArtha, vastu aura Alambana arthAt viSaya jinakA dhyAna kiyA jA sake, citta ko ekAgra kiyA jA sake, dhyAtavya yA dhyeya kahe jAte haiN| A0 haribhadra ne aise Alambana rUpa dhyeya do prakAra ke batAe haiM - rUpI aura aruupii| arhanta va usakI pratimA 'rUpI' Alambana hai, jabaki siddha paramAtmA ke kevalajJAnAdi rUpa goM kI pariNati rUpa Alambana 'arUpI' hai| A0 zubhacandra ne piMDasthAdi 1. 2. OM adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/28 jJAnArNava, 26/11; yogazAstra, 4/134 adhyAtmasAra,5/16/26 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1710. 1875 sthAnAMgasUtra, 247; dhyAnazataka, 42 vAcanA caiva pRcchA ca, parAvRtyanucintane / kriyA cAlambanAnIha, saddharmAvazyakAni ca / / - adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/31 adhyAtmasAra,5/16/32-33 vahI.5/16/34; dhyAnazataka, 44 (ka) AlaMbaNaM pi eyaM, rUvimarUvI ya ittha paramu tti / tagguNapariNairUvo, suhumo'NAlaMbaNo nAma || - yogaviMzikA, 16 (kha) SoDazaka, 14/1 //

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama cAra prakAra ke dhyAnoM kA ullekha karate hue bhinna-bhinna dhyeyoM kI carcA kI hai| piNDastha dhyAna meM zarIra ke avayava dhyeya (Alambana) hote haiN| isameM pArthivI, AgneyI Adi dhAraNAoM kI bhI Alambana rUpa meM carcA kI gaI hai|' padastha dhyAna meM netrapadoM kA, rUpastha meM arhat ke rUpa (pratimA) kA tathA rUpAtIta meM amUrta AtmA ke svarUpa kA Alambana lene kI bAta kahI gaI hai| A0 hemacandra ne bhI piNDastha, padastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta ina cAra prakAra ke dhyeyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| upA0 yazovijaya ne AjJA, apAya, vipAka aura saMsthAna ina cAra prakAra ke dhyAnoM kA dhyeyoM (dhyAna ke yogya viSayoM) ke rUpa meM nirdeza kiyA hai| dhyAtA jaina zAstroM meM vizeSa kara zubhacandra ke jJAnArNava meM pramAda se abhibhUta saMyamahIna gRhastha vyaktiyoM ko dhyAna kA adhikArI mAnane meM asahamati prakaTa kI gaI hai| mithyAdRSTi evaM jijJAsA ke pratikUla pravRtti karane vAle asthiracitta muniyoM kA bhI niSedha kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ gRhastha ke dhyAna ke niSedha kI jo bAta kahI gaI hai usakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki gRhastha ke dharmadhyAna hotA hI nahIM, apitu usakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki gRhastha ke uttama koTi kA dhyAna nahIM hotA / A0 hemacandra kA yogazAstra to gRhastha kI bhUmikA para hI racita hai| 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. - dhyAtA ke svarUpa para vicAra karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo mumukSu janma-maraNa svarUpa saMsAra se virakta hokara sthiratApUrvaka indriyoM para vijaya prApta kara cukA hai vaha dhyAtA prazaMsA ke yogya haiN| 6. - A0 hemacandra ke anusAra prANoM ke nAza kA samaya upasthita hone para bhI saMyama kA tyAga na karane vAlA, anya jIvoM ko Atmavat samajhane vAlA, apane lakSya para dRr3ha rahane vAlA, parISahajayI, mumukSu, rAga-dveSAdi kaSAyoM, duSpravRttiyoM evaM kAmavAsanAoM se mukta, zatru-mitra, sone-pASANa, nindA-stuti, mAna-apamAna Adi meM samabhAva rakhane vAlA, paropakArI tathA prazasta buddhi vAlA vyakti dhyAna kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai| upA0 yazovijaya ne aise sAdhaka ko dharmadhyAna kA adhikArI kahA hai jisakI buddhi mana aura indriyoM para vijaya prApta karane se nirvikAra ho gaI hai, jo zAnta (kaSAyavijetA) aura dAnta (indriya-vijetA) hai|* dhyAtA kA yaha lakSaNa gItA ke sthitaprajJa ke sadRza hai / " 7. 8. 6. jJAnArNava, 34 se 37 veM adhikAra taka jJAnArNava, 34 yAM adhikAra vahI, 34 / 2, 3 vahI, 37/21-30 piNDasthaM ca padasthaM ca rUpasthaM rUpavarjitam / caturdhA dhyeyamAmnAtaM dhyAnasya'lambanaM budhaiH / / - yogazAstra, 7/8 AjJApAyavipAkAnAM saMsthAnasya ca cintanAt / dharmadhyAnopayuktAnAM dhyAtavyaM syAccatuvirdham / jJAnArNava, 4/6 - 17 vahI, 4/18. 16 mumukSurjanmanirviNNaH zAntacitto dazI sthiraH / jitAkSaH saMvRto dhIro dhyAtA zAstre prazasyate / / - jJAnArNava, 4/6 10. manazcendriyANAM ca jayAdyo nirvikAradhIH / dharmadhyAnasya sa dhyAtA, zAnto dAntaH prakIrtitaH / / adhyAtmasAra, 5/16 / 62 adhyAtmasAra, 516 / 35. 235 - 11. parairapi yadiSTaM ca sthitaprajJasya lakSaNam / ghaTate hyatra tatsarvaM tathA cedaM vyavasthitam / / vahI 5/16 / 63 tulanA gItA 2 / 55

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236 dharmadhyAna ke adhikAriyoM ke viSaya meM bhI vidvAnoM meM kAphI matabheda rahA hai| zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anusAra dharmadhyAna sAtaveM guNasthAna se lekara 12veM guNasthAna taka saMbhava hai| digambara-paramparA ke anusAra cauthe se sAtaveM guNasthAna taka dharmadhyAna kI saMbhAvanA mAnya hai|' jJAnArNava meM pramukha rUpa se apramattasaMyata ko aura gauNa rUpa se pramattasaMyata ko dharmadhyAna kA svAmI kahA gayA hai / 2 matAntara se usake svAmI samyagdRSTi se lekara apramattasaMyata taka cAra guNasthAnavartI jIva batalAe gae haiN| A0 hemacandra ke mata meM apramattasaMyata, upazAnta kaSAya aura kSINakaSAya guNasthAnavartI jIvoM ko dharmadhyAna hotA hai| anuprekSA 1 anuprekSA kA artha hai bAra-bAra dekhanA, gaharAIpUrvaka cintana karanA aura usa cintana meM tallIna ho jAnA | dhyAna kI siddhi ke lie anuprekSAoM kA abhyAsa karanA nitAnta Avazyaka / unake abhyAsa se jisakA mana susaMskRta ho jAtA hai, vaha viSama sthiti upasthita hone para bhI avicala raha sakatA hai, priya aura apriya donoM sthitiyoM ko samabhAva se sahane meM samartha ho jAtA hai| jaina zAstroM meM dharmadhyAna kI cAra anuprekSAe~ batAI gaI haiM 1. ekatva anuprekSA, 2. anitya anuprekSA, 3. azaraNa anuprekSA aura 4. saMsAra anuprekSA / - zubhacandra evaM A0 hemacandra ne bArahaM bhAvanAoM kA varNana kiyA hai aura unheM dharmadhyAna kA kAraNa batAyA hai| parantu dharmadhyAna ke lie pUrvApekSita abhyAsa ke rUpa meM maitrI, pramoda, kAruNya aura mAdhyastha - ina cAra bhAvanAoM kI hI vivecanA kI hai| upA0 yazovijaya ke anusAra bhrAntirahita muni ko dhyAna ke virAmakAla meM bhI sadA anityatva Adi anuprekSAoM kA dhyAna karanA cAhie, kyoMki ye (anityAdi anuprekSAe~) hI vAstava meM dhyAna kI prANa rUpa haiN| lezyA A0 hemacandra evaM upA0 yazovijaya ne dharmadhyAna ke samaya meM kramazaH uttarottara vizuddhi ko prApta hone vAlI pIta (teja), padma aura zukla nAmaka tIna zubha lezyAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai|" jabaki A0 zubhacandra ke anusAra dharmadhyAna meM zukla lezyA hotI hai| liMga A0 zubhacandra evaM hemacandra ne viSayoM meM anAsakti, nirogatA, dayAlutA, zarIra kI sugandhatA, malamUtra kI hInatA, kAnti, mukha kI prasannatA aura svara meM saumyatA ye dharmadhyAna ke lakSaNa batAye haiN|13 upA0 1. sukhalAla saMghavI, tattvArthasUtra, (dvitIya saMskaraNa). pR0 227 2 jJAnArNava, 26 / 26 3. jJAnArNava, 26 / 28 4. 5. 6. 19. pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana yogazAstra, 10/16 zarIrAdInAM svabhAvAnucintanamanuprekSA / sarvArthasiddhi, 6/ 2 / 406 sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/1/247; dhyAnazataka, 65 jJAnArNava, adhikAra 2 yogazAstra, 4 / 55-76 jJAnArNava, 38/3 zra 11. yogazAstra, 10 / 16: adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/71 jJAnArNava. 38 / 12 12. 13. jJAnArNava, 38 / 13 (1) yogazAstra, 10/17 8. 6. vahI, 25/4; yogazAstra, 4/117 10. anityatvAdyanuprekSA, dhyAnasyoparame'pi hi / bhAvayennityamabhrAntaH prANAH dhyAnasya tAH khalu / / adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/70 -

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama yazovijaya ne AgamoM ke prati zraddhA, vinaya, aura sadguNa' dharmadhyAna ke ina tIna mukhya lakSaNoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| phala 'dharmadhyAna' ke ukta prabhedoM kA abhyAsa karane se yogI ke dhyAna meM sthiratA AtI hai aura usakA citta eka hI dhyeya meM tallIna ho jAtA hai| aisI avasthA meM jIva ko indriyoM se agamya Atmika sukha kA anubhava hotA hai | zarIrAdi parigrahoM tathA indriyAdi viSayoM se usakI nivRtti ho jAtI hai| ekAgratA ko dhAraNa kara vaha AtmA meM hI avasthita ho jAtA hai| yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki dharmadhyAna kA abhyAsa karane se mokSa kI prApti nahIM hotI, apitu mahAsukRta puMja kI paramparA bar3hAne vAle svarga kI prApti hotI hai| dharmadhyAna ke sAdhaka svarga ke divya sukhoM ko bhogane ke pazcAt svargapaTala se cyuta hokara punaH pRthvI para manuSya rUpa meM janma lete haiM aura vahA~ carama zarIrI mahApuruSoM / tIrthaMkaroM kI vibhUti ko prApta karake vividha prakAra ke bhogoM ko anAsakti pUrvaka bhogate haiN| tatpazcAt viveka kA Azraya lekara, saMsAra ke samasta bhogoM se virakta hokara ve uttama dhyAna (zukladhyAna) dvArA samasta karmoM kA vinAza kara zAzvata pada mokSa ko prApta karate haiN| saMkSepa meM dharmadhyAna ke abhyAsa se 'zukla dhyAna' rUpa uttamadhyAna kI yogyatA prApta hotI hai jo mokSa-prApti kA mUla hetu hai / 4. zukladhyAna dharmadhyAna meM cittazuddhi kA prArambhika abhyAsa pUrNa hotA hai| zukladhyAna ke antargata ukta abhyAsa meM adhika paripakvatA AtI hai aura kramazaH citta zAMta va niSprakampa ho jAtA hai tathA anta meM cittavRtti kA pUrNataH nirodha, pUrNa saMvara kI sthiti, jaina yoga kI paribhASA meM zukladhyAna tathA pAtaJjalayogAnusAra dharmamegha samAdhi kI prApti hotI hai| yaha dhyAna kI sarvotkRSTa evaM vAsanAhIna sthiti hai| isalie dhIra yogI Atyantika zuddhi ko prApta karake dharmadhyAna kA atikramaNa karatA huA zukladhyAna kA abhyAsa prArambha karatA hai| dharmadhyAna kA abhyAsa karate-karate jaba AtmA nirmala ho jAtI hai, taba usa sAdhaka kI ekAgratA yA Atyantika sthiratA ko 'zukladhyAna' kahate haiN| A0 haribhadra ne zukladhyAna kA vyutpattilabhya artha kiyA hai 'zoka-nivartaka aura ekAgracitta nirodha' arthAt jisase Atmagata zoka sarvathA nivRtta ho jAe, aisA ekAgracittanirodha zukladhyAna hai|" A0 zubhacandra ke anusAra jo cittakriyA se rahita, indriyoM se atIta aura dhyAna-dhAraNa se vihIna hokara arntamukha ho jAtA hai arthAt samasta saMkalpa-vikalpoM se rahita hokara AtmasvarUpa meM lIna ho jAe use 'zukladhyAna' kahA jAnA caahie|" yaha dhyAna nirmalatA tathA kaSAyoM ke kSaya athavA upazama ho jAna ke kAraNa cUMki vaiDUrya maNi ke samAna atizaya nirmala va sthira hotA hai, isalie ise 'zukladhyAna kahA gayA hai| A0 hemacandra ne zukladhyAna ke lie upayukta sAmagrI prApta na hone 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 6 adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/71 jJAnArNava 38 / 13: yogazAstra, 10/17 para svo0 vR0 jJAnArNava, 38/6 vahI, 38 / 14 - 22 yogazAstra, 10 / 18-22: adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/72 jJAnArNava, 38 / 23 - 25. yogazAstra, 10 / 23-25 atha dharmamatikrAntaH zuddhiM cAtyantikIM zritaH / dhyAtumArabhate dhIraH zuklamatyantanirmalam / / - jJAnArNava, 36 / 3 237 zucaM kalamayatIti zuklaM zokaM glapayatItyarthaH / dhyAnazataka, gA0 1 para haribhadraTIkA jJAnArNava 36 / 4 (1) jJAnArNava 36 / 4 (2). 5

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238 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke kAraNa vartamAnakAla ke sAdhakoM ke lie usakA abhyAsa karanA atiduSkara batAyA hai tathApi zukladhyAna kI paramparA kA viccheda na ho, kyoMki avicchinna-paramparA se yadA-kadA koI vyakti thoDI bahuta mAtrA meM lAbhAnvita ho sakatA hai, isalie usakA vivecana karanA bhI Avazyaka smjhaa|' zukladhyAna ke bheda zukladhyAna ke cAra bheda batAe gae haiM - 1. pRthaktvavitarka-savicAra, 2. ekatvavitarka-avicAra, 3. sUkSmakriyA-apratipAtI aura 4. samucchinnakriyAnivRtti yA vyuprtkriyaanivRtti| inameM se pahale do prakAra sAlambana dhyAna kahalAte haiM kyoMki inameM zrutajJAna aura yoga kA Alambana hotA hai, parantu bAhya AlambanoM kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| zeSa do dhyAna nirAlambana kahalAte haiM kyoMki unameM kisI bhI prakAra ke Alambana nahIM hote| (1) pRthaktvavitarka-savicAra ___ pUrvagata zruta ke anusAra vividha nayoM se padArthoM kI paryAyoM kA bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM cintana karanA tathA dhyeya vastu zabda, artha aura yoga meM saMkramaNa karanA 'pRthaktvavitarka-savicAra' nAmaka prathama zukladhyAna hai| pRthaktva kA artha hai - bhed| isa prathama zukladhyAna meM sAdhaka pUrvagata zrutAnusAra eka dravya kA vividha nayoM ke dvArA bheda cintana karatA hai, isalie ise pRthaktva kahA gayA hai| vitarka kA artha hai - zrutajJAna / yaha cintana zrutAnusArI hotA hai, ataeva ise vitarka kahate haiN| vicAra se tAtparya hai - artha, vyaJjana aura yoga kA sNkrmnn| isa dhyAna meM sAdhaka zabda se artha para, artha se zabda para, eka dravya se dUsare dravya para aura eka paryAya se dUsare paryAya para athavA dravya se paryAya para, paryAya se dravya para yA eka vyaJjana (zrutavacana) ko chor3akara dUsare vyaJjana athavA eka yoga se dUsare yoga para saMkramita hotA rahatA hai isalie ise savicAra kahate haiN| isaprakAra dhyAna kI bheda-pradhAna (pRthaktva) aura saMkramaNazIla sthiti ke kAraNa hI isa prathama dhyAna ko 'pRthaktvavitarka-savicAra' nAma diyA gayA hai| (2) ekatvavirtaka-avicAra pUrvazruta kA Alambana lekara jaba eka dravya ke kisI eka paryAya kA abheda dRSTi se cintana kiyA jAtA hai aura mana-vacana-kAyAdi tIna yogoM meM se kisI eka yoga meM hI dRr3ha rahakara zabda yA artha meM se kisI eka kA hI cintana kiyA jAtA hai taba zukladhyAna kI vaha sthiti 'ekatvavitarka-avicAra' kahalAtI hai| isako zrata kA avalambana hone se 'vitarka, abheda kA cintana hone se 'ekatva' aura yoga evaM zabdArtha kA saMkramaNa na hone se 'avicAra' kahate haiN| isa dhyAna meM yogI mana ko bhinna-bhinna indriya viSayoM se haTAkara kisI eka viSaya meM kendrita kara letA hai| viSayoM ke abhAva meM mana kI caMcalatA samApta ho jAtI hai| 1. anavacchittyAmnAyaH samAgato'syeti kIrtyate'smAbhiH / duSkaramapyAdhunikaiH zukladhyAnaM yathAzAstram / / - yogazAstra, 11/4 sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/247; bhagavatIsUtra, 25/7; aupapAtikasUtra, adhikAra, 30; tattvArthasUtra, 6/41; jJAnArNaya, 36/8, 6; yogazAstra,6/5: adhyAtmasAra,5/16/74-80 jJAnArNava, 36/12-16 (1-3); yogazAstra, 11/6.15, 16: adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/74.75 vitarkaH zrutam |-tattvArthasUtra, 6/45 vicAro'rthavyaJjanayogasaMkrAntiH / - vahI, 6/46 zabdAcchabdAnantaraM yAyAdyogaM yogAntarAdapi / savIcAramidaM tasmAt savitarka ca lakSyate / / - jJAnArNava, 36/16(2) 7. jJAnArNava, 36/13: yogazAstra, 11/7.8 OM

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 239 yogI ke samasta ghAtikarma kSaNabhara meM bhasma ho jAte haiM aura yogI AtmA kI vizuddha evaM Atyantika utkRSTa sthiti arthAta kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ko prApta kara letA hai| use samasta loka aura aloka ko yathAvasthita rUpa meM jAnane aura dekhane kI sAmarthya tathA anantasukha, anantavIrya Adi AtmA ke svAbhAvika guNoM kI prApti hotI hai| ___dhyAna ke ukta donoM prakAroM meM se prathama dhyAna kA abhyAsa dRr3ha ho jAne ke pazcAta hI dvitIya abheda pradhAna dhyAna kI yogyatA prApta hotI hai| (3) sUkSmakriyA apratipAtI dvitIya 'ekatva' vitarka zukladhyAna ke prabhAva se arihanta avasthA prApta ho jAne para jaba kevalI kI Ayu antarmuhUrta mAtra zeSa raha jAtI hai taba vaha tRtIya zukladhyAna kA adhikArI banatA hai| isa avasthA meM Ayukarma kI sthiti anya nAmAdi aghAtiyA karmoM se adhika hone para unheM sama avasthA meM lAne ke lie kevalI ko samudaghAta kriyA karanI par3atI hai| 'samudaghAta' kA artha hai-jisa kriyA se eka hI bAra meM samyak prakAra se prAdurbhAva ho, dUsarI bAra na ho, isaprakAra prabalatA se ghAta karanA, Atmapradeza ko zarIra se bAhara nikaalnaa| yaha samudghAta kriyA ATha samaya meM hotI hai| prathama tIna samaya meM AtmA ke pradezoM ko zarIra se bAhara nikAla kara kramazaH daNDAkAra, kapATAkAra evaM prastAkAra meM phailA diyA jAtA hai| cauthe samaya meM bIca ke khAlI bhAgoM ko AtmapradezoM se pUrNa karake unase sampUrNa loka ko vyApta kiyA jAtA hai| pAMcaveM se sAtaveM samaya meM AtmA ke lokavyApI pradezoM ko saMharaNa-kriyA dvArA sikor3akara punaH prastAkAra, kapATAkAra evaM daNDAkAra banAyA jAtA hai aura AThaveM samaya meM daNDAkAra ko sameTa kara Atmapradeza ko pUrvavat apane mUlazarIra meM hI sthita kara liyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra isa kriyA se lokapUraNasamudghAta meM unake cAroM ghAtIkarmoM kI sthiti samAna ho jAtI hai| vedanIya Adi karmoM ko bhogane ke lie kI jAne vAlI yaha samudaghAta kriyA pAtaJjalayogasatra meM varNita bahakAyanirmANakriyA ke samakakSa pratIta hotI hai| tattvasAkSAtkartA yogI sopakramakarma ko zIghra bhogane ke lie ukta kriyA karatA hai|" samudaghAta kI kriyA ke pazcAt acintanIya zakti se yukta vaha yogI bAdara kAyayoga kA avalambana lekara bAdara vacanayoga evaM manoyoga ko zIghra hI sUkSma kara letA hai, phira sUkSma kAyayoga se bAdaMra kAyayoga ko rokatA hai| tadanantara sUkSma kAyayoga se sUkSma vacanayoga aura sUkSma manoyoga kA bhI nirodha kara letA hai| tatpazcAt vaha sUkSma kAyayoga se 'sUkSmakriyA-nivRtti' nAmaka tRtIya dhyAna kA abhyAsa karatA hai, isI kA dUsarA nAma samucchinnakriyA athavA sUkSmakriyA apratipAtI zukladhyAna hai| isa avasthA meM kevala zvAsocchavAsa Adi kI sUkSmakriyA zeSa rahatI hai| sUkSmakriyA niruddha hokara bhI sthUla nahIM hotii| isa dhyAnAvasthA ko prApta huA yogI anya dhyAnoM meM nahIM lauTatA, vaha antima samaya meM sUkSmakriyA kA bhI tyAga kara nirvANa ko prApta ho jAtA hai| 1. OM jJAnArNava. 36/24-27: yogazAstra, 11/16-44 jJAnArNava. 36/16(4); yogazAstra. 11/17 jJAnArNava, 36/36 jJAnArNava, 36/38: yogazAstra, 11/50 yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 11/50 jJAnArNava. 36/36-42: yogazAstra, 11/51-52 vyAsabhASya, pR0 386, 472. 473 jJAnArNava, 36/43-46; yogazAstra, 11/53-55 yogazAstra, 11/8; adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/78 * s 6.

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240 (4) samucchinnakriyAnivRtti - sAdhaka jaba zukladhyAna ke cauthe tathA aMtimacaraNa meM pahu~catA hai taba dhyAna kI avaziSTa sUkSmakriyA kA bhI nirodha ho jAtA hai aura Atmapradeza mana, vacana, kAya - tInoM yogoM ke nirodha se meru parvata ke samAna nizcala, sarvathA niSprakampa ho jAte haiN| zailezI avasthA ko prApta kevalI kI yaha sthiti 'samucchinnakriyAapratipAtI' dhyAna kahalAtI hai|' A0 hemacandra ne ise 'utsannakriyApratipAti' athavA 'vyuparatakriyAnivRtti' nAma se abhihita kiyA hai| isa dhyAna ke prabhAva se zeSa cAra aghAtIkarmoM kA bhI kSaya ho jAtA hai| Ahemacandra ke anusAra a, i, u, R, lR * ina pAMca hrasva svaroM ko bolane meM jitanA samaya lagatA hai, utane samaya taka meM zailezI avasthA arthAt meru parvata ke samAna nizcala dazA prApta karake eka sAtha sAdhaka vedanIyAdi karmoM kA mUla se kSaya kara detA hai| isa dhyAna meM kevalI 'ayogakevalI guNasthAna' ke upAntya (anta samaya ke pahale samaya meM 72 karmaprakRtiyoM tathA isI guNasthAna ke anta samaya kI avaziSTa 13 karmaprakRtiyoM ko bhI naSTa kara dete haiN| kyoMki usake Age dharmAstikAya kA abhAva hai, isalie inakA Age gamana nahIM hotaa| kevala jJAna aura darzana se yukta siddhAtmA sarvakarmoM se mukta hokara sAdi-ananta - anupama, avyAbAdha aura svAbhAvika paidA hone vAle Atmika sukha ko prApta kara usI meM magna rahatI hai| upA0 yazovijaya ke anusAra zukladhyAnI kI pahacAna avadha ( avyatha), asammoha (sUkSma padArtha viSayaka mUr3hatA kA abhAva ) viveka aura vyutsarga (zarIra aura upAdhi meM anAsakta bhAva ) - ina cAra bAhya cihnoM se hotI hai| kSAnti, mRdutA, Arjava aura mukti, ye cAra zukladhyAna ke Alambana haiN| jinakA zarIra-saMhanana vajra ke samAna sudRr3ha hotA hai (vajraRSabhanArAcasaMhanana vAle) tathA jo pUrva zruta kA jJAtA hotA hai, vahI zukladhyAna kA adhikArI hotA hai| inase rahita alpasattva vAle sAdhaka ke citta meM kisI bhI taraha zukladhyAna kI sthiratA prApta nahIM hotii| prathama do zukladhyAna chadmastha arthAt alpajJAniyoM ko hote haiM, kyoMki unameM zrutajJAnapUrvaka padArthoM kA avalambana hotA hai| zeSa do zukladhyAna kaSAyoM se rahita kAyayoga kI sthiratA vAle kevalajJAnI ko hote haiN|" yogI kI dRSTi se prathama zukladhyAna eka yoga yA tIna yoga vAle muniyoM ko hotA hai| dUsarA eka yoga vAle muni ko 3, tIsarA sayogI kevalI" ko tathA cauthA ayogI kevalI" ko hI hotA hai / zukladhyAna ke prathama do bhedoM meM zukla lezyA, tIsare meM paramazukla lezyA mAnI gaI hai tathA cauthe ko lezyAtIta kahA gayA hai| 16 1. adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/76 yogazAstra, 11 / 6 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. vahI, 11 / 56 vahI, 11/57 jJAnArNava, 36/47-46 jJAnArNava, 36/55: yogazAstra, 11 / 56 7. yogazAstra, 11 / 61 taa 8. adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/84 x. vahI, 5/16 / 73 10. jJAnArNava, 38 / 6, yogazAstra, 11 / 2 11. yogazAstra, 11/11 12. jJAnArNava, 36/18: adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/76 13. jJAnArNava 36 / 22 14. vahI, 36/46 15. yogazAstra, 11 / 10 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 16. adhyAtmasAra, 5/16/82

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 241 dharmadhyAna ke jo zubhAnubandhI phala haiM vahI utkRSTAvasthA meM vizeSa rUpa se prathama do zukladhyAna ke phala bana jAte haiN| prathama do zakladhyAnoM kA phala svarga kI prApti hai tathA aMtima do dhyAnoM kA phala mokSa hai| 'prabhA' nAmaka saptama dRSTi ko yoga ke saptama aMga 'dhyAna' ke samakakSa isalie mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki isa avasthA meM sUrya ke prakAza ke samAna bodha kI prApti hotI hai pariNAmasvarUpa rug nAmaka doSa vilIna ho jAtA hai, jisase dhyAna meM zUnyavRtti paidA hotI hai| 8. parAdRSTi aura samAdhi ___ AThavIM tathA antima dRSTi parAdRSTi' kahalAtI hai| isameM candramA kI zItala jyotsanA ke prakAza jaisA bodha prApta hotA hai| yahA~ 'bodha' se tAtparya mAtra vastu kI jAnakArI rUpa bodha nahIM hai, apitu yaha AtmA kI viziSTa bodha pariNati kA dyotaka hai| isa dRSTi meM prApta bodha atyaMta saumya-zAMta, tathA zItala hone se saddhyAna rUpa hI hotA hai| dhyAna kA viziSTa phala 'samAdhi' hai| isalie parAdRSTi ko samAdhiniSTha mAnA / isa avasthA meM pahuMcane para sAdhaka sabhI aMgoM (Asakti) se rahita ho jAtA hai, kevala Atmatattva meM hI lIna rahatA hai, usameM kisI bhI prakAra kI pravRtti karane kI icchA nahIM rhtii| usakA citta pravRtti se Upara uThA huA hotA hai aura vikalparahita ho jAtA hai| nirvikalpaka dazA meM sAdhaka ko uttama sukha kI prApti hotI hai| vaha sahaja niraticAra sAdhanA karatA hai| aticAroM kA abhAva hone se use pratikramaNAdi kisI anuSThAna ke pAlana kI apekSA nahIM rhtii| sAdhaka kI AcAra-kriyA pUrvAvasthAoM kI AcAra-kriyAoM se phalabheda kI dRSTi se sarvathA bhinna hotI hai| vaha pUrNa kRtakRtya hokara jJAnAvaraNIya Adi ghAtiyA karmoM ke kSaya se hone vAle 'dharmasanyAsa' nAmaka sAmarthyayoga ko prApta ho jAtA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa use binA kisI bAdhA ke kevalajJAna rUpI lakSmI adhigata hotI hai aura jaba megha ke samAna jJAnAvaraNAdi cAra ghAtikarma pUrvokta yoga rUpI vAya ke AghAta se haTa jAte haiM, taba Atma-lakSmI se yukta sAdhaka jJAnakevalI arthAta sarvajJa bana jAtA hai| samagralabdhi-sampanna sarvajJa puruSa doSoM ke kSINa ho jAne para avaziSTa aghAtiyA karmoM ke udaya se anya saMsArI jIvoM ke upakArArtha AtmazAMti kA upadeza dete haiM aura avaziSTa cAra aghAtiyA karmoM ko bhI naSTa kara yoga kI caramAvasthA ko prApta kara lete haiN| yoga kI caramAvasthA meM sayogIkevalI ko mana, vacana aura kAya rUpa yoga se rahita ayoga-avasthA prApta hotI hai, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa yogI bhavavyAdhi kA kSaya karake nirvANa ko prApta kara letA hai| ThIka yahI sthiti yoga ke aSTama va antima aMga 'samAdhi se prApta hotI hai| "samAdhi' dhyAna kI caramAvasthA kA hI nAma hai| isa avasthA meM dhyAtA dhyeya meM itanA vilIna ho jAtA hai ki use apanA bhI bhAna nahIM hotaa| dhyAtA aura dhyAna donoM ekAkAra ho jAte haiM, dhyeya zeSa rahatA hai| citta usI ke AkAra Mos 1. adhyAtmasAra.5/16/80 2. parAyAM punardRSTau candracandrikAbhAsamAno bodhaH saddhyAnarUpa eva sarvadA ..... / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, svo0 vR0, gA0 15 3. samAdhiniSThA tu parA'STamI dRSTiH, "samAdhistu dhyAnavizeSaH', phlmitynye| - vahI, 178 4. samAdhiniSThA tu parA tdaasNgvivrjitaa| sAtmIkRtapravRttizca taduttIrNAzayeti ca / / - yogadRSTisamuccaya, 178 5. vahI, 176 vahI, 180-184 kSINadoSo'tha sarvajJaH sarvalabdhiphalAnvitaH / / paraM parArtha sampAdya tato yogAntamaznute / / -- yogadRSTisamuccaya, 185 tatra drAgeva bhagavAnayogAdyogasattamAt / bhavavyAdhikSayaM kRtvA nirvANaM labhate param / / - vahI, 186 6. tadA dhyAnameva samAdhirucyate ityarthaH / - yogavArtika, pR0 280

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242 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko dhAraNa kara letA hai| pataJjali ne bhI 'samAdhi' kA lagabhaga yahI artha grahaNa kiyA hai| unake anusAra jaba kevala dhyeya mAtra kI hI pratIti ho aura citta svarUpazanya ho jAe to vaha avasthA 'samAdhi hai| bhoja ne samAdhi kA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai ki vighnoM ko haTAkara jisameM mana ko ekAgra kiyA jAtA hai vaha 'samAdhi' hai| pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM samAdhi ke do bheda nirdiSTa haiM - samprajJAtasamAdhi evaM asmprjnyaatsmaadhi| samprajJAtasamAdhi meM sAdhaka ko cittavRtti kI ekAgratA ke sthUla athavA sUkSma AlambanoM kA bhAna hotA rahatA hai| AlambanoM ke sthUlatva athavA sUkSmatva ke AdhAra para hI samprajJAtasamAdhi ke cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM - 2. vicArAnugata, 3. AnandAnugata, 4. asmitaanugt| samprajJAtasamAdhi meM samasta cittavRttiyoM kA nirodha nahIM hotaa| dhyAtA aura dhyeya kI pratIti banI rahatI hai, isalie samAdhi kI yaha avasthA pUrNayoga ko prApta nahIM hotii| pataJjali ne ise 'sabIjasamAdhi' bhI kahA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM ise 'sAlambana samAdhi' bhI kaha sakate haiN| 'asamprajJAtasamAdhi' meM dhyAtA, dhyAna aura dhyeya tInoM hI ekarUpa ho jAte haiN| isa avasthA meM samasta cittavRttiyoM kA nirodha ho jAtA hai| citta meM mAtra saMskAra hI avaziSTa raha jAte haiN| isalie ise 'nirbIjasamAdhi' bhI kahA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM sabIja aura nirbIja samAdhi ko sAlambana aura nirAlambana dhyAna bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| pataJjali ke yogasUtra meM asamprajJAtasamAdhi ke bhavapratyaya aura upAyapratyaya nAmaka jo do avAntara bheda batAe gae haiM, inameM upAyapratyaya samAdhi hI vAstavika samAdhi hai| yaha zraddhA, vIrya, smRti, samAdhi aura prajJA se prApta hotI hai| isameM sthita sAdhaka apane lakSya ko nizcita rUpa se prApta kara letA hai| pAtaJjalayogadarzana meM 'yoga' ko 'samAdhi' rUpa mAnakara usakI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| vahA~ klezakarma vAsanA ke samUlanAzaka rUpa vRttinirodha ko 'yoga' mAnA gayA hai|2 jainadarzana meM vRttiyoM ke pUrNanAza se mokSa-prApti kI saMbhAvanA batAI gaI hai| zakladhyAna aura samAdhi, donoM kA sambandha vRttinirodha se hai| ataH mokSa prApti ke viSaya meM donoM darzanoM meM mataikya dRSTigata hotA hai| dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi, tInoM eka dUsare se jur3e hue haiN| isalie maharSi pataJjali ne tInoM ke ekatrIbhAva ko saMyama kI saMjJA dI hai| vastutaH 'dhyAna' kI hI utkRSTa sthiti 'samAdhi' hai aura isakI pUrvAvasthA 'dhAraNA' hai| parantu maharSi pataJjali ne dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi kA pRthak-pRthak aMga ke rUpa meM bhI varNana kiyA hai jabaki ye tInoM dhyAna kI hI kramika avasthAe~ haiN| tInoM ko pRthaka-pRthak aMga svIkAra karane se yogasUtra meM dhyAna kA svarUpa adhika vikasita nahIM ho skaa| isake viparIta jaina-paramparA meM dhyAna ko itane vyApaka artha meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai ki usase pRthak samAdhi jaisA koI aMga svIkAra * 1. tadevArthamAtranirbhAsaM svarUpazUnyamiva smaadhiH| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 3/3 2. samyagadhIyate ekAgrI kriyate vikSepAn parihRtya mano yatra saH samAdhiH / - bhojavRtti, pR0 117 vyAsabhASya, pR08-11 vitrkvicaaraanndaa'smitaanugmaatsmprjnyaatH|- pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/17 vyAsabhASya 1/50-51 tAH eva sabIjaH samAdhiH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/46 vyAsabhASya, pR060 virAmapratyayA'bhyAsapUrvaH saMskArazeSo'nyaH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/18 eSa nirbIjaH smaadhirsNprjnyaatH| - vyAsabhASya, pR065 * s wi vahI 11. zraddhAvIryasmRtisamAdhiprajJApUrvakaM itareSAm / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/20 12. pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/1 para bAlakarAma svAmi kI TippaNI 13. trayamekatra saMyamaH | - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 3/4

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 243 karane kI unheM koI AvazyakatA hI pratIta nahIM huii| upA0 yazovijaya ne bhI svarUpamAtra nirbhAsa dhyAna ko hI 'samAdhi' kahA hai aura samAdhi ko dhyAna kA phala batAyA hai| prAcIna jainAgama tathA Agametara sAhitya meM nirUpita zukladhyAna yogasUtra meM varNita samAdhi kI prakriyA se bahuta sAmya rakhatA hai| jaise - jainadarzana meM prarUpita prathama zakladhyAna (pRthaktvasavitarka-savicAra) meM dravyaparyAyAdi ke jJAna evaM yoga ke saMkramaNa yukta cintana ko savitarka va savicAra kahA gayA hai, usIprakAra yogasUtra meM ullikhita samprajJAtasamAdhi meM bhI pUrvApara ke anusaMdhAnapUrvaka zabda va artha ke vikalpa se yukta sthUla va sUkSma tattvoM kA cintana karane ko savitarka va savicAra nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| isIprakAra jaise jainadarzana meM dvitIya zukladhyAna ke nirUpaNa meM zabda, artha aura yoga kA saMkramaNa na hone ke kAraNa use avicAra zabda se dyotita kiyA gayA hai, usIprakAra yogadarzana meM tanmAtrA aura antaHkaraNa rUpa viSaya kA Alambana lene vAlI caturtha (nirvicAra) samAdhi meM bhI deza, kAla aura dharma ke avaccheda se rahita dharmI mAtra kA pratibhAsa hone ke kAraNa use nirvicAra kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| pAtaJjalayogadarzana meM jo nirbIja-samAdhi kI carcA kI gaI hai vaha prAyaH jaina-paramparA meM nirUpita zukladhyAna ke aMtima do bhedoM 'sUkSmakriyApratipAtI' aura 'samucchinnakriyAnivRtti ke samakakSa hai| unameM bhI moha, jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya - ina cAra ghAtikarmoM ke pUrNatayA vinaSTa ho jAne para jJAna-jJeya Adi vikalpoM kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| jainamatAnusAra ye donoM dhyAna kevalI ko huA karate haiM aura kevalI ko jar3a, cetana, sthUla, sUkSma, dezAMtara, kAlAntara, vyavahita, avyavahita saba padArthoM kA jJAna hotA hai| yahI viziSTatA yogasUtra evaM usake bhASya meM bhI kahI gaI hai| jisaprakAra yogasUtra ke vyAsa bhASya meM svarUpa meM sthita jIva ko zuddha, kevalI va mukta kahA gayA hai, usIprakAra kA varNana jaina-paramparA meM bhI milatA ___ A0 haribhadra evaM upA0 yazovijaya ne bhI 'pRthaktvasavicAra-savitarka' aura 'ekatvavitarka-avicAra' ina do zakladhyAnoM ko pAtaJjalayoga sammata 'samprajJAtasamAdhi' tathA 'sakSmakriyApratipAtI' aura 'samucchinnakriyAnivRtti' ina do zukladhyAnoM ko yoga kI 'asamprajJAtasamAdhi' ke sadRza batAkara donoM paramparAoM meM samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa darzAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jaina-sAdhanA-paddhati meM dhyAna se pRthak samAdhi aMga ko svIkAra karane kI paramparA prArambha meM nahIM thI, aura na hI jaina-paramparAgata dhyAna pAtaJjalayogasUtra se prabhAvita pratIta hotA hai| aisA bhI nahIM hai ki prAcIna jainasAhitya meM 'samAdhi' zabda kA prayoga hI na huA ho| jainAgamoM meM prayukta 'samAdhi' zabda 'dhyAna' se niSpanna hone vAlI Atmasthiti ko nahIM, apitu AcAra-paddhati ko abhivyakta karatA hai| samAdhi ko dhyAna se pRthak aMga mAnane kI mAnyatA uttaravartIkAla meM prArambha huii| OMja 1. dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 24/27 2. pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/46 evaM vyAsabhASya 3. sasminnivRtte puruSaH svarUpamAtrapratiSThato'taH zuddhaH kevalo muktaH ityucyate iti| - vyAsabhASya, pR0 160 jJAnArNava, 36/24-28, 50-53 samAdhireSa evAnyaiH samprajJAto'bhidhIyate / samyakaprakarSarUpeNa vRttyarthajJAnatastathA / / asamprajJAta eSo'pi samAdhirgIyate paraiH / niruddhAzeSavRttyAditatsvarUpAnuvedhataH / / - yogabindu. 416, 421 tatra pRthaktvavitarkasavicArakatva vitarkAvicArAkhya zukladhyAnabhedavaye samprajJAtaH samAdhivatyarthAnA smygjnyaanaat| ... nirvitarkavicArAnandAsmitAni sastuparyAyavinimuktazuddhadravyadhyAnAbhiprAyeNa vyAkhyeyaH ..................... kSapaka zreNiparisamAptau kevalajJAnalAbhastvasamprajJAtaH smaadhiH| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra 1/18 para yazo0 vR0 7. sthAnAMgasUtra meM samAdhi ko pAMca mahAvrata tathA pAMca samiti rUpa mAnA gayA hai| - sthAnAMgasUtra, 10/3

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244 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana A0 haribhadra ne 'parAdRSTi' ko aSTama yogAMga 'samAdhi' ke samakakSa isalie batAyA hai kyoMki isa dRSTi meM hone vAlA bodha AtmA kI usa viziSTabodha-pariNati kA dyotaka hai, jo jaina-paramparAgata 'zukla- dhyAna' aura pAtaJjalayoga sammata 'asaMprajJAtasamAdhi' meM prApta hotI hai| Ga mana kI avasthAe~ yoga kA pramukha cintya viSaya AtmA hai aura AtmA mana se sambaddha hai| arthAt AtmA kA mana se ghaniSTa sambandha hai| AtmA se saMyukta hokara padArthoM kA bodha karAne vAlI indriya ko 'mana' kahA jAtA hai| mana ko manuSya ke bandha aura mokSa kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| jaba mana viSayoM meM Asakta hotA hai taba AtmA bandhana meM par3a jAtA hai aura jaba viSayAsakti miTa jAtI hai taba AtmA mukta ho jAtA hai| adhyAtmakalpadruma meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki mana kI samAdhi yoga kA heta hai tathA tapa kA nidAna hai, aura mana ko kendrita karane ke lie tapa Avazyaka hai| ataH tapa zivakarma arthAt mokSa kA mUla kAraNa hai| isalie mokSaprApta karane ke lie mana kI caMcalatA ko rokakara mana ko niyantraNa meM karanA Avazyaka hai| A0 hemacandra kA mata hai ki mana kI avasthAoM ko jAne binA aura unheM ucca sthiti meM sthita kie binA yoga-sAdhanA saMbhava nahIM hai| ataH sarvaprathama unhoMne yogazAstra meM svAnubhava ke AdhAra para mana kI cAra avasthAoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai jo unakA maulika cintana hai| ye avasthAe~ haiM - 1. vikSiptamana, 2. yAtAyAtamana, 3. zliSTamana, aura 4. suliinmn| vikSipta mana' atyanta caMcala hotA hai, vaha idhara-udhara bhaTakatA rahatA hai| 'yAtAyAtamana' vikSiptamana se kucha kama caMcala hotA hai isalie yaha citta kucha AnandadAyaka hotA hai| vaha kabhI bAhara jAtA hai to kabhI andara sthira ho jAtA hai isalie ise 'yAtAyAta' nAma diyA gayA hai| prAthamika abhyAsa vAloM ke lie citta kI ye do sthitiyA~ hotI haiN| abhyAsa se dhIre-dhIre caMcalatA kama hotI jAtI hai aura sthiratA Ane lagatI hai| phira bhI mana ke ye donoM bheda citta-vikalpa ke sAtha bAhya viSayoM ke grAhaka bhI hote haiN| sthira hone ke kAraNa jo citta Anandita rahatA hai vaha 'zliSTamana' kahalAtA hai| jaise-jaise citta kI sthiratA bar3hatI jAtI hai tadanurUpa Ananda kI mAtrA bhI bar3hatI jAtI hai| jaba citta atyanta sthira ho jAtA hai taba paramAnanda kI prApti hotI hai| citta kI yaha sthiti 'salInamana' kahalAtI hai| A0 hemacandra kA kathana hai ki isa prakAra kramazaH abhyAsa bar3hAne se 'nirAlambana dhyAna' hone lagatA hai| 'nirAlambana dhyAna' se samarasa prApta karake paramAnanda kA anubhava karanA caahie|" * 1. bhAratIya darzana meM mukti mImAMsA, pR0 141 2. mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM bandhamokSayoH / bandhAya viSayAsaMgi muktyaiH nirviSayaM manaH / / - amanaskayoga, 2/76 yogasya heturmanasaH samAdhiH paraM nidAnaM tapasazca yogaH / tapazca mUlaM zivakarma AhuH manaH samAdhi bhaja tatkaMthacit / / - adhyAtmakalpadruma, 4/15 iha vikSiptaM yAtAyAtaM zliSTaM tathA sulInaM ca / cetazcatuHprakAraM tajjJacamatkArakAri bhavet ||-yogshaastr, 12/2 vikSiptaM calamiSTaM, yAtAyAtaM ca kimapi sAnandam / prathamAbhyAse dvayamapi, vikalpa-viSayagrahaM tat syAt / / - vahI, 12/3 vahI, 12/4 evaM kramazo'bhyAsAvezAd dhyAnaM bhajet nirAlambanam / samarasabhAvaM yAtaH paramAnandaM tato'nubhavet / / - vahI. 12/5 *

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AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 245 upA0 yazovijaya ne pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM varNita citta kI pAMca avasthAoM kA apanI dRSTi se spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| unhoMne citta kI una pAMca avasthAoM kA varNana kiyA hai, jo pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM varNita haiN| jaise - 1. kSipta, 2. mUr3ha, 3. vikSipta, 4. ekAgra aura 5. niruddha / ' ye pAMca prakAra ke citta kramazaH avikAsa kI ora bar3hatI haI avasthAoM ke sUcaka haiN| kSiptacitta' rajoguNa pradhAna citta hai jo adhyAtma se bahirmukha rahatA hai tathA kalpita viSayoM meM aura samakSa upasthita hue viSayoM meM rajoguNa se nivezita (rAga se anurakta) sukha-duHkha se mizrita hotA hai| / tamoguNa kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa ajJAna ke AvaraNa se yukta citta 'mUr3hacitta' kahalAtA hai| tAmasika svabhAva vAlA hone se yaha krodhAdi kaSAyoM se AviSTa, dharmavimukha, evaM loka-viruddha kAryoM meM pravRtta, tathA kRtya-akRtya ke viveka se rahita hotA hai| __ sattvaguNa pradhAna 'vikSiptacitta' sukha ke kAraNoM tathA zabdAdi viSayoM meM sadaiva pravRtta rahatA hai tathA abhisandhi vAle duHkhadAyI kAmAdi se rahita hotA hai| isaprakAra ke citta vAlA jIva saMsAra ke bhaya se trasta rahatA hai parantu 'ekAgracitta dveSa, IrSyA Adi doSoM se rahita hotA hai| kheda, vaira, hatyA, bhaya Adi vikAroM se bhI yaha mukta rahatA hai, tathA sabhI AtmAoM meM samAna bhAvanA rakhatA hai| ukta mana se iSTa vastu kI siddhi hotI hai| ___ 'niruddhacitta' bAhya viSayoM se vimukha va sarvadA zuddha rahatA hai| vikalpa vRttiyoM ke zAnta (upazama) ho jAne se niruddha avasthA prApta hotI hai| yaha sthiti Atma-rati vAle muniyoM ko prApta hotI hai| isa sthiti meM avagraha (pratibandha) Adi kI sambhAvanA nahIM hotii|6|| ___ upA0 yazovijaya jI ke matAnusAra jaina-paramparA meM mAnya dhyAna kI uccatama sthiti jo pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM 'samAdhi' zabda se vyavahita hai, usake lie citta kI prathama tIna avasthAe~-kSipta, mUr3ha aura vikSipta, upayogI nahIM haiN| sattvaguNa kA utkarSa hone se, cittanirodha meM sthiratA ke kAraNa tathA atizaya sukhamaya hone ke kAraNa antima do avasthAe~ - ekAgra aura niruddha hI 'samAdhi' ke lie upayogI haiN|" isalie prathama tIna avasthAe~ tyAjya aura antima do avasthAe~ upAdeya kahI gaI haiN| prathama tIna avasthAe~ yadyapi anupayogI haiM tathApi unameM se jo tRtIya avasthA 'vikSiptamana' hai vaha abhyAsa kI prArambhika avasthA meM iSTa mAnI gaI hai, kyoMki tRtIya avasthA meM sAdhaka kA citta kabhI caMcala hokara idhara-udhara bhaTakatA hai to kabhI zAnta hokara Ananda kA anubhava karatA hai| cUMki yoga kI prArambhika avasthA meM 'vikSiptamana' meM sthiratA kA AvAgamana hotA rahatA hai isalie yaha kadAcit upayogI ho sakatA hai, parantu rAgAdi se grasta 'kSiptacitta' aura 'maDhacitta' vyutthAnakAraka hone se anapayogI hI hotA hai| viSayoM aura kaSAyoM se nivRtta huA tathA vividha prakAra ke yogoM-mokSopAyoM meM gamana karane vAlA citta (mana) caMcala hone para bhI abhyAsakAla meM iSTa mAnA gayA hai| 'vacanAnuSThAna meM pravRtta 'yAtAyAtacitta' gamanAgamana karate samaya 1. vyAsabhASya, pR02; adhyAtmasAra, 7/20/3 adhyAtmasAra,7/20/4 adhyAtmasAra 7/20/5 adhyAtmasAra, 7/20/6 5. adhyAtmasAra,7/20/7 adhyAtmasAra, 7/20/8; yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/41 (ka) na samAdhAvupayogaM, timrazcetodazA iha labhante / - sattvotkarSAt sthairyAdubhe samAdhI sukhAtizayAt / / - adhyAtmasAra, 7/20/6 (kha) dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 11/31, 32 adhyAtmasAra,7/20/10 6 adhyAtmasAra, 7/20/11 s

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana aticAra yukta hone para bhI gajAMkuzanyAya' se abhyAsa kAla meM adUSita hI mAnA jAtA hai| isalie, 'vyutthAnacitta' bhI yoga kI prArambhika avasthA meM upAdeya hai| abhyAsa meM vRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha 'vyutthAnacitta' meM sAdhaka unnata avasthAoM ko prApta kara sakatA hai| 246 saMkSepa meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI kramikatA pAtaJjala evaM jaina donoM yoga paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se svIkRta hai, kevala varNana-zailI meM bheda dRSTigata hotA hai / pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke jisa krama ko cittagata pAMca bhUmiyoM meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vahI krama jaina-paramparA meM caudaha guNasthAnoM, trividha AtmA, trividha upayoga, ATha dRSTiyoM tathA mana kI cAra aura pAMca avasthAoM ke rUpa meM nirUpita hai| inake dvArA avikAsa, vikAsa aura pUrNatA rUpa tIna mukhya avasthAoM ko sUcita kiyA gayA hai| jaina- paramparAgata guNasthAna ke sAtha inakI tulanA karane para jJAta hotA hai ki pAtaJjalayoga ke avikAsakAlIna 'kSiptacitta' evaM 'mUDhacitta' prathamaguNasthAna tathA mizra avasthA kA sUcaka 'vikSiptacitta' tRtIya guNasthAna ke sadRza hai| vikAsakAlIna 'ekAgracita' caturtha guNasthAna se bArahaveM guNasthAna taka kI avasthAoM tathA pUrNatA kA sUcaka niruddhacitta' terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNasthAna ke samakakSa pratIta hotA hai| isIprakAra jainaparamparA sammata trividha AtmAoM meM 'bahirAtmA kI sthiti prathama tIna guNasthAna taka, 'antarAtmA' kI sthiti cauthe se bArahaveM guNasthAna taka tathA 'paramAtmA' kI sthiti terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNasthAna meM mAnI gaI hai| trividha upayoga meM 'azubhayoga' kI sthiti prathama tIna guNasthAna meM, 'zubhopayoga' kI cauthe se chaThe guNasthAna meM tathA zuddhopayoga kI sAtaveM se bArahaveM guNasthAna taka samajhI jAtI hai, jabaki 13vA~ va 14vA~ guNasthAna zuddhopayoga kA phala hai| A0 haribhadra dvArA nirUpita yoga dRSTiyoM meM prathamacAra dRSTiyA~ prathama guNasthAna kI, pAMcavIM aura chaThI dRSTi kramazaH pAMcaveM aura chaThe guNasthAna kI sAtavIM dRSTi sAtaveM aura AThaveM guNasthAna kI tathAAThavIM dRSTi naveM se caudahaveM guNasthAna taka kI avasthA ko dyotita karatI hai| isaprakAra A0 haribhadra dvArA yoga dRSTiyoM ko yoga ke ATha aMgoM ke samakakSa mAnanA bhI yoga ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI kramikatA ko sUcita karatA 1 A0 hemacandra dvArA nirUpita mana kI cAra avasthAoM meM 'vikSiptamana' prathama guNasthAna, 'yAtAyAta- mana' mizra nAmaka tRtIya guNasthAna, 'zliSTamana' caturtha guNasthAna se bArahaveM guNasthAna tathA 'sulInamana' terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNasthAna kI avasthA ke sadRza pratIta hotA hai / pAtaJjalayoga sammata pAMca prakAra kI cittagata bhUmiyoM meM se vikSiptacitta' 'yAtAyAtamana' ke 'ekAgracitta' 'zliSTamana' ke tathA 'niruddhacitta' 'sulInamana' ke samakakSa kahA jA sakatA hai| isaprakAra spaSTa hai ki pataJjali ke yogasUtra meM varNita citta kI mUr3hAdi pAMca avasthAoM aura jainaparamparA meM vivecita AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI vibhinna kramika avasthAoM meM koI bheda nahIM hai| kevala varNanazailI meM bhinnatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki upA0 yazovijaya ne pAtaJjalayoga sammata cittagata avasthAoM kA jaina- paramparAnukUla varNana kara sAmpradAyika bheda miTAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| 1. 2. hAthI kA aMkuza ke prahAra se samyak mArga para calanA gajAMkuzanyAya kahA jAtA hai| adhyAtmasAra, 7/20/12 SoDazaka, 10/6

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SaSTha adhyAya siddhi-vimarza pAtaJjala evaM jainayoga, donoM paramparAoM meM sAdhanA kA lakSya pUrNa paramAtma avasthA kI prApti rahA hai| yaha zuddha evaM pUrNa paramAtma avasthA, jise pAtaJjalayoga meM kaivalya tathA jaina-paramparA meM mokSa kahA jAtA hai, samasta karmoM ke kSaya se prApta hotI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki tapa, dhyAnAdi rUpa yoga-sAdhanA ke prabhAva se sAdhaka ke samasta karma kSINa ho jAte haiN| yogAbhyAsa dvArA AdhyAtmika vikAsa karatA huA sAdhaka jyoM-jyoM pragati karatA hai, tyoM-tyoM usakA citta nirmala hotA jAtA hai| karmakSaya rUpa Abhyantara pariNAma kI prApti se pUrva sAdhanA kI avasthA meM hI sAdhaka ko yoga ke AnuSaMgika phala, adbhuta sAmarthya vizeSa kI prApti hotI hai, jise yoga kA bAhyapariNAma kahA jA sakatA hai| ukta sAmarthya vizeSa ko pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM vibhUti tathA jaina-paramparA meM labdhi va Rddhi' nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| donoM paramparAoM meM sAmAnyataH inake lie 'siddhi' zabda kA prayoga bhI huA hai| cUMki ye siddhiyA~ sAmAnya vyakti meM nahIM pAI jAtI, isalie inheM alaukika yA lokottara kahA jAtA hai| vartamAnayuga kA zikSita samAja natA hai| unakA vicAra hai ki prAkRtika niyamoM ke viruddha hone ke kAraNa saMsAra meM koI camatkAra nahIM ho sktaa| prAkRtika niyamoM ke viruddha koI ghaTanA nahIM ho sktii| parantu jo kucha ghaTita hotA hai vaha prAkRtika niyamoM kA ullaMghana nahIM hai, apitu sUkSma prAkRtika niyamoM kA avabodha arthAta jAgaruka honA hai| muni nathamala ke anusAra, manuSya ke zarIra meM aneka rAsAyanika dravya hote haiM, jo saMyogoM se badalate rahate haiN| bhAvanA, tapasyA aura dhyAna ke dvArA zArIrika vidyut aura rAsAyanika dravyoM meM parivartana hotA hai| yathAsamaya bAhyAloka meM unakA prakAzamAtra hotA hai| __ eka se aneka honA, aneka se eka honA, AvirbhUta honA, tirohita yA adRzya honA, prAcIra-parvatAdi kaThina vastuoM ke andara se sthUla hue binA hI nikala jAne yA calane kI sAmarthya honA, jala kI taraha pRthvI meM unmajjana-nimajjana karanA, AkAza meM pakSI kI taraha saMcAra karanA, hAthoM se candra aura tattvArthasUtra, 10/2; yogabindu, 136, jJAnArNava, 3/13: yogazAstra, 4/113 (ka) yogabindu, 37-41 (kha) kSiNoti yogaH pApAni cirkaalaarjitaanypi| pracitAni yathaidhAMsi, kSaNAdevAzuzukSaNiH / / - yogazAstra, 1/7 (ga) api krUrANi karmANi kSaNAdyogaH kSiNoti hi / - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 26/25 draSTavya : pAtaJjalayogasUtra, vibhUtipAda / guNapratyayo hi sAmarthyavizeSo labdhiH / - AvazyakasUtra, malayagirivRtti, a0 1 jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga-1, pR0 446 pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 3/37.4/1; yogabindu, 233-235: jJAnArNava, 35/26 dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA 26/11, 18, 22 Nothing happens in nature, which is in contradiction with its universal laws. - kavirAja, gopInAtha, "yoga tathA yogavibhUti, kalyANa (yogAMka) pR0 724 muni nathamala, jainayoga, pR0 130-131 8.

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248 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana sparza karane kI zakti Adi vibhinna prakAra kI sAdhanAoM ke hI pariNAma haiM, jo Rddhi-siddhi ke antargata Ate haiN| pAtaJjala evaM jaina donoM yoga-paramparAoM meM pUrNa lakSya kI prApti se pUrva, sAdhanAvasthA meM prApta ne vAlI viziSTa RddhiyoM evaM siddhiyoM kI mAnyatA ko svIkArA gayA hai| inakA pRthak-pRthak varNana isaprakAra hai a. pAtaJjalayoga-mata yogadarzana meM siddhi pada kA vyApaka artha meM prayoga huA hai isIlie yahA~ siddhiyoM kI sImita saMkhyA batAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| sUtrakAra pataJjali ne prAtibha, zrAvaNa, vedana, Adarza, AsvAda aura vArtA Adi kA eka sAtha siddhi' nAma se ullekha kiyA hai| isake atirikta maharSi pataJjali ne parazarIra-praveza, jalapaMka kaMTaka Adi se asaMga, divya zrotra Adi aneka aizvaryoM kI carcA kI hai, jo yogI ko saMyama-sAdhanA ke pariNAmasvarUpa prApta hotI haiN| inheM bhI prakaraNAnusAra siddhiyA~ kahA jA sakatA hai| yogasUtra meM ina siddhiyoM kA 'vibhUti' nAma se vistRta vivecana huA hai, isalie tRtIyapAda ko 'vibhUtipAda' nAma diyA gayA hai| isake atirikta sAdhanapAda meM bhI yama-niyamAdi yogAMgoM meM pratyeka aMga se prApta vibhUtiyoM (siddhiyoM) kA ullekha huA hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki yogadarzana meM vibhUtiyoM kI saMkhyA bahuta hai| ina vibhUtiyoM ko bAhya evaM Abhyantara bheda se do vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| bAhya varga meM yogAMgoM se prApta siddhiyA~ parigaNita hotI haiM, zeSa siddhiyA~ Abhyantara varga meM AtI haiN| inameM prathama prakAra kI siddhiyA~ apekSAkRta kama mahatvapUrNa haiN| inakA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai - (1) yamoM se prApta siddhiyA~ 1. 'ahiMsAvata' ke siddha hone para yogI ke sAnnidhya meM Ane vAle hiMsra prANI bhI apane svAbhAvika vaira kA tyAga kara dete haiN| 'satya' ke siddha hone para sAdhaka kI vANI amogha ho jAtI hai, mukha se nikalA huA pratyeka vacana satya ho jAtA hai| 'asteya' ke siddha hone para dhana-sampatti Adi svataH prApta ho jAte haiN| sAdhaka ko saba dizAoM meM rahane vAlI ratnAdi kI samRddhi prApta hotI hai| brahmacarya se vIrya lAbha hotA hai| aparigraha se sAdhaka ko vartamAna tathA pUrvajanmoM kI sAdhanA kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| (2) niyamoM se prApta siddhiyA~ 1. (bAhya) zauca kI sthiratA se sAdhaka ko apane zarIra se ghRNA tathA dUsaroM se aliptatA kA laja 1. tataH prAtibhazrAvaNavedanAdarzAsvAdavArtAH jAyaMte / te samAdhAvupasargAH vyutthAne siddhayaH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 3/36, 37 vyAsabhASya, 4/1 atha vibhUtipAdastRtIyaH - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, tRtIyapAda kI avataraNikA pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/35-45,48, 46, 52, 53. 55 ahiMsApratiSThAyAM tatsannidhau vairatyAgaH / - vahI, 2/35 satyapratiSThAyAM kriyAphalAzrayatvam / - vahI, 2/36 asteyapratiSThAyAM sarvaratnopasthApanam / - vahI, 2/37 brahmacaryapratiSThAyAM vIryalAbhaH ! - vahI, 2/38 aparigrahasthairye janmakathAntarasambodhaH / - vahI, 2/36 *

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siddhi-vimarza 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. (3) Asana se prApta siddhi Asana ke siddha hone para zItoSNAdi dvandvoM ko sahane kI yogyatA prApta hotI hai / " 5. 6. 7. bhAva utpanna hotA hai| isake atirikta Abhyantarazauca se sattva kI zuddhi, prasannatA, ekAgratA, indriyoM para vijaya tathA Atma-sAkSAtkAra kI yogyatA prApta hotI hai| saMtoSa se parama sukha kI prApti hotI hai| tapa se azuddhi kA kSaya hone para zarIra aura indriyoM kI siddhi hotI hai| zarIra siddhi meM aNimA, garimA, laghimA, mahimA, prApti, prAkAmya, vazitva, Izitva Adi siddhiyA~ prApta hotI hai| indriya-siddhi meM divyadarzana, divyazravaNa tathA dUrazravaNa kI adbhuta zakti prApta hotI hai| svAdhyAya se iSTa devatA kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / 5 Izvara praNidhAna se samAdhi-lAbha hotA hai|' (4) prANAyAma se prApta siddhi prANAyAma se vivekajJAna kA AvaraNa kSINa ho jAtA hai tathA citta meM vividha dhAraNAoM kI yogyatA AtI hai| (5) pratyAhAra se prApta siddhi pratyAhAra se indriyoM para pUrNa vijaya prApta hotI hai|" (6-8) dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi rUpa saMyama se prApta siddhiyA~ dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi tInoM ko saMyama kahA gayA hai|" saMyama kI sthiratA se prajJA kI dIpti arthAt vivekakhyAti kA udaya hotA hai| isake atirikta pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM saMyama se prApta hone vAlI aneka anya siddhiyoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai yathA 249 1. viSayoM ke dharma, lakSaNa evaM avasthA rUpa pariNAmatraya3 meM saMyama karane se yogI ko bhUta, bhaviSya ke sAkSAtkArAtmaka jJAna kI praapti|" zaucAtsyAMgajugupsA parairasaMsargaH pAtaJjalayogasUtra 2/40 sattvazuddhisaumanasyaikAcendriyajayAtmadarzanayogyatvAni ca / yahI 2/41 1 / / santoSAdanuttamaH sukhalAbha vahI 2/42 kAryandrigasiddhirazuddhikSayAttapasaH yahI 2/43 svAdhyAyAdiSTadevatAsamprayogaH / dahI. 2/44 smaadhisiddhiriishvrprnnidhaanaat| - vahI. 2/45 tato indrAnanighAtaH / vahI 2/48 - 8. 6. 10. tataH kSIyate prakAzAvaraNam / vahI, 2/52 dhAraNAsu ca yogyatA manasaH / - vahI 2 / 53 tataH paramAvazyatendriyANAm / trayamekatra saMyamaH / vahI, 3/4 12. tajjayAtprajJAlokaH / vahI, 3/5 vahI, 2 / 55 11. - 13. etena bhUtendriyeSu dharmalakSaNAvasthApariNAmAH vyAkhyAtAH / - vahI, 3/13 14. pariNAmatrayasaMyamAdatItAnAgatajJAnam - vahI, 3/16

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250 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana zabda, artha aura jJAna kI pRthakatA meM saMyama karane se samasta pazu, pakSI Adi prANiyoM kI bhASAoM kA jnyaan| saMskAroM para saMyama karane se samasta pUrvajanmoM kA jnyaan| pratyaya-viSayaka (citta viSayaka) saMyama se paracitta kA jJAna / ' zarIra aura usake rUpAdi kA saMyama karane se antardhAna hone kI yogytaa| sopakrama aura nirupakrama - ina do prakAra ke karmoM meM saMyama karane se mRtyu kA jJAna / / maitrI Adi bhAvanAoM para saMyama karane se bala kI prApti / hastyAdi ke balaviSayaka saMyama ke dvArA bala kI prApti / mana kI jyotiSmatI pravRtti meM saMyama karane se (pravRttyAloka ke nyAsa se) sUkSma evaM vyavahita tathA viprakRSTa padArthoM kA jJAna / / 10. sUrya meM saMyama karane se samasta bhuvanoM kA jJAna / 11. candramA meM saMyama karane se tArA samUha kA jJAna / 10 dhruva meM saMyama karane se unakI gati kA jJAna / 11 13. nAbhicakra meM saMyama dvArA zarIra-saMracanA kA jJAna / 12 14. kaNThakUpa meM saMyama dvArA bhUkha-pyAsa para niyntrnn|3 15. kUrmanAr3I meM saMyama karane se citta aura zarIra meM sthairya kI prApti / 14 16... brahmarandhra kI prakAzayukta mUrdhA-jyoti meM saMyama karane se siddhapuruSoM kA darzana 15 hRdaya meM saMyama karane se samasta vRttiyoM sahita citta kA sAkSAtkAra / 16 svArthaviSayaka saMyama se puruSa kA sAkSAtkAra / 16. ukta saMyama ke abhyAsa se puruSa darzana se pUrva prAtibha, zrAvaNa, vedanA, Adarza, AsvAd evaM vArtA Adi siddhiyoM kI praapti|18 zabdArthapratyayAnAmitaretarAdhyAsAt saMkarastatpravibhAgasaMyamAt srvbhuutrutjnyaanm| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 3/17 sNskaarsaakssaatkrnnaatpuurvjaatijnyaanm| - vahI. 3/18 pratyayasya prcittjnyaanm| - vahI, 3/16 kAyarUpasaMyamAttagrAhyazaktistambhe ckssussprkaashaasNprkaashaasNpryoge'ntrdhaanm|- vahI, 3/21 sopakramaM nirupakramaM ca karma tatsaMyamAdaparAntajJAnamariSTebhyo vaa| - vahI, 3/22 maitryAdiSu blaani| - vahI, 3/23 7. baleSu hstiblaadiini| - vahI, 3/24 prvRttyaaloknyaasaatsuukssmvyvhitviprkRssttaajnyaanm| - vahI, 3/25 6 bhuvanajJAnaM suuyesNymaat|- vahI 3/26 10. candre taaraavyuuhjnyaanm|- vahI, 3/27 11. dhuve tdgtijnyaanm|- vahI,3/28 12. nAbhicakre kaayvyuuhjnyaanm| - vahI, 3/26 13. kaNThakUpe kssutpipaasaanivRttiH| - vahI, 3/30 14. kUrmanADyAM sthairym| - vahI, 3/31 15. mUrdhajyotiSi siddhdrshnm| - vahI, 3/32 16. hRdaye cittsNvit| - vahI 3/34 17. satvapuruSayoratyantAsaMkIrNayoH pratyayAvizeSo bhogaH parArthatvAt svaarthsNymaatpurussjnyaanm| - vahI, 3/35 18. tataH prAtibhazrAvaNavedanAdarzAsvAdavArtA jaaynte|- vahI, 3/36

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siddhi-vimarza 251 20. saMyama dvArA bandhana kA kAraNa zithila hone se tathA pracAra kA jJAna hone se citta kA para zarIra meM praveza sNbhv| saMyama dvArA udAna vAyu ke jItane se jala, paMka evaM kaNTakAdi se asaMga evaM Urdhvagati kI praapti| samAna vAyu ke jaya se yogI ke zarIra kA agni ke samAna dedIpyamAna honaa| zrotra evaM AkAza ke saMbaMdha viSayaka saMyama se divyazrotra kI praapti| zarIra evaM AkAza ke saMbaMdha viSayaka saMyama se tathA laghu-tula kI samApatti ke dvArA sAdhaka ko AkAza-gamana kI siddhi kI prApti 25. (zarIra ke) bAhara (citta kI) akalpita vRtti mahAvidehA hai, usa para saMyama karane se sAdhaka ke citta meM prakAza ke AvaraNa kA kSaya / / / pRthvI Adi paMcabhUtoM kI sthUla, svarUpa, sUkSma, anvaya tathA arthavattva - ina pAMca avasthAoM meM saMyama karane se bhUtajaya nAmaka siddhi kI prApti tathA usake pariNAmasvarUpa aNimAdi aizvarya, kAyasampat evaM una bhUtoM ke dharmoM ke anabhighAta rUpa sAmarthya kI prApti / indriyoM kI grahaNa, svarUpa, asmitA, anvaya, arthavattva - ina pAMca avasthAoM meM saMyama karane se indriyajaya nAmaka siddhi kI praapti| sattvAtmaka buddhi aura puruSa kI bhinnatA kA bodha 'vivekakhyAti' hai| usa khyAti mAtra meM hI pratiSThita yogI ko samasta padArthoM ke adhiSThAtRtva tathA sarvajJatva kI praapti| sattvaguNAtmaka vivekakhyAti ke prati bhI paravairAgya ho jAne para samasta doSoM kA bIja kSINa ho jAne se kaivalya kI prApti / isake atirikta kSaNa evaM usake krama viSayaka saMyama se bhI vivekajanya sarvajJAtRtva kI prApti / pariNAmasvarUpa atIta tathA anAgatakAlIna samasta padArthoM ko unake azeSa-vizeSa rUpa sahita jAnane kA sAmarthya-lAbha / 14 isaprakAra spaSTa hai ki sAdhaka yogI ko sAdhanA ke pariNAmasvarUpa nAnA prakAra kI siddhiyA~ prApta hotI haiN| inameM se kucha to sAkSAt samAdhi athavA mokSa kI sahAyaka hotI haiM tathA kucha paramparayA samAdhi kI sahAyaka hotI haiN| isake atirikta kucha siddhiyA~ yathAvasara samAdhi ke mArga meM paramparayA upasthita hotI FormOM 500, bandhakAraNazaithilyAtpracArasaMvedanAcca cittasya prshriiraaveshH| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 3/38 udAnajayAjjalapaGkakaMTakAdiSvasaGga utkraantishc|- vahI, 3/36 3. samAnajayAjjvalanamA- vahI,3/40 zrotrAkAzayoH sambandhasaMyamAd divyaM shrotrm.| - vahI 3/41 kAyAkAzayoH smbndhsNymaallghutuulsmaaptteshcaakaashgmnm|- vahI, 3/42 bahirakalpitA vRttirmahAvidehA, tataH prakAzAvaraNakSayaH / - vahI, 3/43 sthUlasvarUpasUkSmAnvayArthavattvasaMyamAd bhuutjyH| - vahI, 3/44 tato'NimAdiprAdurbhAvaH kaaysNpttddhrmaanbhidhaatshc| - vahI, 3/45 grhnnsvruupaasmitaanvyaarthvttvsNymaadindriyjyH|- vahI, 3/47 sattyapuruSAnyatApratyayo vivekkhyaatiH|- vyAsabhASya, pR0 262 sattyapuruSAnyatAkhyAtimAtrasya sarvabhAvAdhiSThAtRtvaM sarvajJAtRtvaM c|- pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 3/46 12. tadvairAgyAdapi doSabIjakSaye kaivlym| - vahI, 3/50 / 13. kSaNatatkramayoH saMyamAdvivekajaM jnyaanm|- vahI, 3/52 14. jAtilakSaNadezairanyatAnavacchedAttulyayostataH prtipttiH| - vahI, 3/53

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252 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ukta siddhiyoM ke atirikta sAdhaka ko janma, auSadhi, mantra athavA tapa se bhI aneka prakAra kI siddhiyA~ prApta hotI haiN| janma se prApta siddhiyA~ pUrva janmoM ke sAdhanAjanya puNyoM ke prabhAva se devAdi dehAntaroM se vartamAna meM manuSya deha meM janma se hI prApta zaktiyoM (yogyatA) ko janmajA siddhi kahA jAtA hai| vijJAnabhikSu kA mata hai ki laukika karmoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa devAdi anya manuSyetara dehoM meM janma mAtra se prApta hone vAlI aNimAdi siddhiyA~ kahalAtI auSadhijanya siddhiyA~ auSadhiyoM ke dvArA bhI citta meM vilakSaNa pariNAma utpanna hote haiM, jinheM auSadhijanya siddhiyA~ kahA jAtA hai| bhASyakAra vyAsa kA abhimata hai aisI siddhiyA~ asurabhavanoM meM hI hotI haiM kyoMki vahA~ vilakSaNa pariNAmoM ko utpanna karane vAle rasAyana pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hote haiN| parantu vijJAnabhikSu kA kahanA hai ki isa loka meM bhI auSadhi ke prayoga se svarNAdi kA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai isalie yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhiye ki aisI siddhiyA~ kevala asurabhavanoM meM hI sambhava haiM anyatra nhiiN| maMtra se utpanna siddhiyA~ / isake atirikta vidhivat mantra anuSThAna ke prabhAva se citta meM aNimAdi siddhiyA~ tathA AkAzagamana Adi vilakSaNa prakAra kI zaktiyA~ udita hotI haiM, jinheM 'maMtrajA siddhiyA~' kahA jAtA hai| tapa se utpanna siddhiyA~ tapa ke dvArA bhI zarIra, indriya tathA citta kI zuddhi hotI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa vilakSaNa zaktiyA~ prApta hotI haiM, jinheM tapa se utpanna siddhiyA~ kahate haiN| bhASyakAra vyAsa ke anusAra tapa se saMkalpasiddhi prApta hotI hai, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa sAdhaka svecchA se hI aNimAdi siddhiyoM ko tatkAla prApta karane meM samartha ho jAtA hai tathA vaha jo kucha bhI sunanA, dekhanA, athavA cintana karanA cAhatA hai, use karane kI sAmarthya use adhigata ho jAtI hai| samAdhijanya siddhiyA~ pUrva varNita dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi rUpa saMyama se prApta hone vAlI siddhiyA~ samAdhijanya kahalAtI haiN| ina pAMcoM prakAra kI siddhiyoM meM samAdhijanya siddhiyA~ hI zreSTha haiM kyoMki unake dvArA hI sAdhaka ko caramalakSya kaivalya kI prApti hotI hai| anya prakAra kI siddhiyoM kA kAraNa pUrvajanma kA abhyAsa hI hotA hai| janma, auSadhi Adi to kevala nimittamAtra hote haiN| 1. janmauSadhimantratapaH samAdhijAH siddhayaH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 4/1 2. dehAntaritA janmanA siddhiH|- vyAsabhASya, pR0 466 3. aihikena karmaNA devAdidehAntare janmamAtreNa bhavantI aNimAdisiddhirjanmajetyarthaH / - yogavArtika, pR0 367 auSadhibhirasurabhavaneSu rsaaynenetyevmaadiH| - vyAsabhASya, pR0 466 atrApyauSadhibhiH suvarNAdisiddhInAM bhaavaat| - yogavArtika, pR0 367 mntrairaakaashgmnaa'nnimaadilaabhH| - vyAsabhASya, pR0 467 tapasA sNklpsiddhiH| - vahI, pR0 467 yadeva kAmayate'NimAdi tadekapade'sya bhvti| yatra kAmayate zrotuM vA mantuM vA tatra tadeva zrRNoti manute veti| - tattvavaizAradI, pR0 367

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siddhi-vimarza 253 A. jainayoga-mata pAtaJjalayoga ke samAna jaina-paramparA meM bhI yaha mAnyatA rahI hai ki tapa, dhyAna aura yogasAdhanA se Rddhi evaM siddhiyoM kI prApti hotI hai| A0 haribhadra, zubhacandra, hemacandra tathA upA0 yazovijaya ne bhI ukta mAnyatAnusAra apanI sahamati vyakta kI hai| jaina-paramparA meM pAtaJjalayoga ke 'vibhUti' zabda ko 'karmasampadA' nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA hai, yadyapi vahA~ vibhUti zabda ke sthAna para Rddhi athavA labdhi zabda kA prayoga adhika milatA hai| yogasiddhiyA~ sAdhaka kI madhyavartinI avasthAe~ haiM, isI dRSTi se AcArya jinadAsa ne mokSa ko 'parama avasthA' aura yaugika vibhUti Adi ko 'aparama avasthA' kahA hai| jisaprakAra pAtaJjalayoga meM janma, auSadhi, mantra, japa, tapa Adi se janita aneka prakAra kI siddhiyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra jaina-paramparA meM bhI tIna prakAra kI RddhiyA~ mAnI gaI haiM - 1. deva, 2. rAjya aura 3. gaNi (aacaary)| inameM 'devaRddhi' janma se prApta hotI hai aura 'rAjyaRddhi' vividha upAyoM se tathA 'gaNiRddhi' tapa se prApta hotI hai|" jaina-paramparA ke siddhAnta granthoM meM RddhiyoM-siddhiyoM kA vistata vivecana upalabdha hai, isalie Ao haribhadra, A0 zubhacandra, A0 hemacandra tathA upA0 yazovijaya Adi manISiyoM ne apane yoga granthoM meM RddhiyoM ke svarUpa evaM bhedopabheda Adi kA vyavasthita, vistRta evaM sarvAMgINa vivaraNa prastuta nahIM kiyaa| cU~ki Rddhi-siddhi Adi kA sAdhanA ke kSetra meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai, isalie inakA jJAna prApta karanA Avazyaka hai| jaina-paramparA meM varNita siddhiyoM kA varNana isa prakAra hai - jaina Agama va Agamottara granthoM meM vibhinna prakAroM kI RddhiyoM (labdhiyoM) kI carcA kI gaI hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM jahA~ jJAna, darzana, cAritrAdi dasa prakAra kI labdhiyoM kA ullekha huA hai vahA~ tiloyapaNNattI,11 zrutasAgarIya tattvArthavRtti tathA dhavalATIkA meM 64, Avazyakaniyukti meM 24, SaTkhaNDAgama"5 meM 44, vidyAnuzAsana meM 48, maMtrarAjarahasya' meM 50, pravacanasAroddhAra evaM vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM 28 RddhiyoM kA varNana milatA hai| zrutasAgarIya tattvArthavRtti ke anusAra RddhiyoM kA varNana isa prakAra hai - gaNadhara deva ATha RddhiyoM se yukta hote haiM - buddhi, kriyA, vikriyA, tapa, bala, auSadhi, rasa aura kSiti (kssetr)| 4. yogabinda 26yA~ prakaraNa aura.6ThA adhyAya.. 7/20/23-26 1. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 6/6/27; AdipurANa, 2/47; 34/124, 36/152-55, harivaMzapurANa, 56/121; upAsakAdhyayana,36/717 yogazataka, 83.84; yogabindu, 233-236 3. jJAnArNava, 35/26, 37/12 tathA 26yau~ prakaraNa yogazAstra, 1/8,6:5/36-41:6/15-16; 5vA~ aura.6ThA adhyAya dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 6/14 evaM 18/24 para svo0 vR0: adhyAtmasAra, 7/20/23-26: jJAnasAra, srvsmRddhyssttk| uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 1/47 dazavaikAlikasUtra. 6/2/2 para jinadAsacUrNi evaM haribhadraTIkA sthAnAMgasUtra. 3/4/501 6. sthAnAMgasUtra, 2/2; aupapAtikasUtra, 24prajJApanA, 6/144 10. bhagavatIsUtra, 8/2 11. tiloyapaNNatti, 1/4/1067-61 12. tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti, 3/36 13. dhavalA. pustaka 14, pR058 Avazyakaniyukti, 66-70 15. SaTkhaMDAgama, 4/1/6 16. maMtrarAjarahasya, 1-7 17. pravacanasAroddhAra, 1462-1508 18. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 777-807 16. tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti, 3/36

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254 buddhiRddhi' buddhi nAma avagama yA jJAnaM kA hai| usako viSaya karane vAlI RddhiyA~ 18 prakAra kI hotI haiN| 1. kevalajJAna' 2. avadhijJAna* 3. manaH paryAya 4. bIjabuddhi 5. koSThakabuddhi 6. padAnusArI 7. saMbhinnasrota 8. dUrasvAditva" (dUrAsvAdana) 6. dUradarzitva " 10. dUrasparzatva 11. dUraghrANatva" 12. dUrazravaNatva 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana cAra ghAtiyA karmoM arthAt jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya tathA antarAya karmoM ke kSINa hone para pUrNa atIndriya jJAna kevalajJAna kI prApti / avadhi jJAna rUpI (sparza, gandha, rasa, varNa yukta) padArthoM ke traikAlika padArthoM ko jAnane kI kSamatA / saMjJI jIvoM ke manogata bhAvoM ko sAmAnya rUpa se jAnane kI sAmarthya / sune hue graMtha ke eka bIja pada ko jAnane se hI aneka padoM aura unake arthoM ko jAnane kI kSamatA / guru-mukha se eka hI bAta smRta, zravita evaM paThita jJAna ko akSarazaH grahaNa kara smRti meM surakSita rakhane kI kSamatA / eka pada ke AdhAra para pUre zloka yA sUtra ko jAna lene kI kSamatA / pratyeka aMga se sunane kI kSamatA tathA sabhI indriyoM dvArA eka dUsare kA kArya karane kI sAmarthya | jihA indriya ke utkRSTa viSaya kSetra ke bAhara saMkhyAta yojanoM ke vividha rasoM ko jAna lene kI kSamatA ! cakSurindriya ke utkRSTa viSaya kSetra ke bAhara saMkhyAta yojanoM meM sthita dravyoM ko dekhane kI sAmarthya | sparzanendriya ke utkRSTa viSaya kSetra ke bAhara saMkhyAta yojanoM taka ATha prakAra ke (dUrastha) sparzoM ko jAna lene kI kSamatA / ghrANendriya ke utkRSTa viSaya kSetra ke bAhara saMkhyAta yojanoM taka bahuta prakAra ke gaMdhoM ko grahaNa karane kI yogyatA / zrotrendriya ke utkRSTa viSaya kSetra ke bAhara saMkhyAta yojana paryanta taka sthita manuSyoM tiryaJcoM ke akSara-anakSara rUpa zabdoM ko sunane kI sAmarthya | tiloyapaNNatti, 4 / 666-67 : tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/201 buddhiravagamo jJAnaM tadviSayA aSTAdazavidhA RddhayaH / - tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/201 yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/8, pR0 21 yogazAstra 1/6 vahI, 1/6 tiloyapaNNatti, 4 / 975-677 : tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/201: dhavalA, pustaka 6, pR0 56 57 56: tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti, 3/36 : yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1 / 8. pR0 38 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/678-676: tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/2013 26. dhavalA, pustaka 6, pR0 53 54: tattvArthasUtra zrutasAgarIya vRtti, 3/36: yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/8 pR0 38: pravacanasAroddhAra, 1502 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/680-683: tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/201 : 28, dhavalA, pustaka 6, pR0 60: yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/8. pR0 38: AvazyakasUtra, malayagirivRtti, 75, pR0 80: pravacanasAroddhAra, 1503 6 tiloyapaNNatti, 4 / 664-686: tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/201 30 dhavalA, pustaka 6, pR0 61: yogazAstra, 1 / 8 10. tiloyapaNNatti, 4 / 687-88: tattvArtharAjavArtika 3/36/3/202 11. tiloyapaNNatti, 4 / 666-67 12. tiloyapaNNatti, 4 / 686-60 tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/202 13. tiloyapaNNatti, 4 / 661-62 14. tiloyapaNNatti, 4 / 663-65

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siddhi-vimarza 255 13. dazapUrvitva' 14. caudahapUrvitva' 15. aSTAMgamahAnimitta 16. prajJAzramaNa athavA prAjJazramaNa muniyoM ke dazapUrva ke par3hane meM 500 mahAvidyAoM aura 700 laghuvidyAoM ke devatA Akara AjJA mAMgate haiN| usa samaya jo muni jitendriya hokara una vidyAoM kI icchA nahIM karate ve vidyAdhara zramaNa' isa paryAya nAma se bhuvana meM prasiddha hote hue abhinna dazapUrvI kahalAte haiN| una muniyoM kI buddhi dazapUrvI jAnI jAtI hai| sampUrNa zruta arthAt caudaha pUrvo meM paarNgttaa| nabha, bhauma, aMga, svara, vyaMjana, lakSaNa, cihna aura svapna - ina ATha bhedoM sahita nimitta jJAna meM kuzalatA prApta honaa| adhyayana ke binA hI caudaha pUrvo meM se atisUkSma viSaya kA nirUpaNa karane meM kushltaa| yaha Rddhi autpattikI, pAraNAmikI, vainayikI aura karmajA bheda se cAra prakAra kI hotI hai| ___ inameM se pUrva bhava meM kie gaye zruta ke vinaya se utpanna hone vAlI autpattikI, nija-nija jAti meM utpanna haI pAriNAmikI, dvAdazAMga zruta ke yogya vinaya se utpanna hone vAlI vainayikI aura upadeza ke binA hI vizeSa tapa kI prApti se 3 catartha karmajA prajJAzramaNaRddhi kahalAtI hai| guru ke upadeza ke binA hI karmoM ke upazama se samyagjJAna aura tapa ke viSaya meM prgti| zakrAdi ke pakSa ko bhI bahuta vAda se niruttara kara denA aura para ke dravyoM kI gaveSaNA krnaa| 17. pratyekabuddhi" 18. vAditva vikriyARddhiA yA vaikriyaRddhi10 zarIra ko choTA, bar3A, bhArI, halkA Adi karane kI kssmtaa| yaha 11 prakAra kI mAnI gaI hai :1. aNimA" zarIra ko aNu ke samAna choTA banAne kI kssmtaa| 2. mahimAre zarIra ko meru ke barAbara bar3A banAne kI saamrthy| *s snet 1. tiloyapaNNatti,4/668-1000, tatvArtharAjavArtika.3/36/3/202: dhavalA, pustaka 6.pR066 tiloyapaNNatti. 4/1001: tatyArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/202; dhavalA. pustaka 6. pR070 tiloyapaNNatti 4/1002: tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203: dhavalA, pustaka 6. pR072 tiloyapaNNatti,4/1017-16: tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/202: dhavalA. pustaka 6, pR081 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1016; yogazAstra, svo0 vR01/8. pR0 37-38 tiloyapaNNatti,4/1016-21: tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/202: dhavalA. pustaka 6, pR081-82 tiloyapaNNatti,4/1022; tattvArtharAjayArtika, 3/36/3/202 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1023: tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/202/25 tiloyapaNNatti. 4/1024-25 tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/202/33: tatvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36 yogazAstra, svo0 vR01/8, pR0 37 tiloyapaNNati, 4/1026: tattvArtharAjavArtika. 3/36/3/202/34: tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti. 3/36: yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/8. pR037: pravacanasAroddhAravRtti, 1445: jJAnArNava, 16/6, 27/6, 35/26. 60; yogazataka,84; dhavalA, pustaka 6, pR075 12. tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1027: tatvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203: tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36; yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/8, pR0 10 jJAnArNava. TI0 16/6 : yogazataka. 84: svo0 vR0 dhavalA. pustaka 6. pR075

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256 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana OM OM OM laghimA' zarIra ko vAyu se bhI halkA banAne kI kssmtaa|' garimA zarIra ko vaja se bhI adhika bhArI bnaanaa| prApti bhUmi para khar3e rahakara aMgulI se meru, sUrya, candrAdi ko chU lene kI sAmarthya / prAkrAmya' jala ke samAna pRthvI para bhI unmajjana - nimajjana kriyA karanA aura pakSI ke samAna jala para bhI gamana krnaa| Izitva samasta jagata para prabhutva prApta krnaa| vazitva tapa dvArA samasta jIvoM ko vaza meM krnaa| apratighAta zaila, zilA yA vRkSAdi ke madhya meM hokara AkAza ke samAna gamana karane kI saamrthy| 10. antardhAna adRzya hone kI sAmarthya | 11. kAmarUpitva' eka sAtha aneka kA nirmANa karane kI sAmarthya / kriyARddhi cAraNa aura AkAzagAmitva bheda se kriyARddhi do prakAra kI mAnI gaI hai -- (ka) cAraNaRddhi cAraNa, cAritra, saMyama, pApakriyAnirodha - inakA eka hI artha hai| isameM jo kuzala arthAt nipuNa haiM ve cAraNa kahalAte haiN| cAraNa Rddhi ke jalacAraNa, jaMghAcAraNa, phalacAraNa, puSpacAraNa, patracAraNa, agni-zikhAcAraNa, makaDItantacAraNa Adi punaH kaI prabheda kiye gaye haiN|13|| svo vR084 tatvArtha sUtra, zrutamAmavalA, pustaka 6. zAstra, tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1027: tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203; tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36: yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/8, pR040 jJAnArNava. TI0 16/6. yogazataka. 84: svo0 vR0 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1027: tattvArtharAjavArtika. 3/36/3/203: tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36: yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/8. pR040 jJAnArNava, TI016/6, yogazataka, svo vR084 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1028: tatvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203; tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36, yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/8, pR0 40 pravacanasAroddhAravRtti, 1505: jJAnArNava, TI0 16/6; yogazataka. 84; dhavalA, pustaka 6, pR075 4. tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1026: tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203: tattvArthasUtra. zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36: yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/8, pR0 40 pravacanasAroddhAravRtti, 1505 jJAnArNava, TI0 16/6. 27/6. 35/26. 60; yogazataka, 84: svo0 vR0 dhavalA, pustaka 6. pR076. 76 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1030; tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203: yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/8. pR0 40; pravacanasAroddhAra vRtti 1505: jJAnArNava, TI0 16/6; yogazataka 84: svo0 vR0 dhavalA. pustaka 6, pR076 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1030; tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203: tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRti 3/36: yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/8, pR0 40; pravacanasAroddhAravRtti, 1505: jJAnArNava, TI0 16/6. : yogazataka, 84: syo0 vR0. dhavalA. pustaka 6. pR060 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1031: tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203: tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36: yogazAstra.84: svo0 vR01/8, pR040; pravacanasAroddhAravRtti,1505 . tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1032; tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203: tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36: yogazAstra. svo0 vR01/8, pR040; pravacanasAroddhAravRtti, 1505 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1032; tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203: tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIya vRtti 3/36; ye gazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/8, pR040: dhavalA, pustaka 6. pR076 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1033: tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/202 11. tiloyapaNNatti 4/1035, 48 tattvArtharAjavArtika. 3/36/3/202: dhavalA, pustaka 6. pR0 80.88: vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 1507 12. yogazAstra. svo0 vR01/6 13. tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1034. 35 48; tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/202: dhavalA. pustaka 6. pR0 78, 80.:

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siddhi-vimarza 257 1. jalacAraNa jalakAyika jIvoM ko kaSTa diye binA samudra ke madhya jAne tathA daur3ane kI kssmtaa| 2. jaMghAcAraNa cAra aMgula pramANa pRthvI ko chor3akara AkAza meM ghuTanoM ko mor3e binA bahuta yojanoM taka gamana karane kI sAmarthya | 3. phalacAraNa vanaphaloM meM rahane vAle jIvoM kI virAdhanA na karake unake Upara dauddnaa| 4. puSpacAraNa bahata prakAra ke phUloM meM rahane vAle jIvoM kI virAdhanA na karake unake Upara se daudd'naa| 5. patracAraNa bahuta prakAra ke pattoM meM rahane vAle jIvoM kI virAdhanA na karake unake Upara se gamana krnaa| 6. agnizikhAcAraNa agnizikhAoM meM sthita jIvoM kI virAdhanA na karake una vicitra agnizikhAoM se gamana krnaa| 7. makar3ItantucAraNa' zIghratA se kiye gaye pada vikSepa meM atyanta laghu hote hue makar3I ke tantuoM kI paMkti para se gamana krnaa| yogazAstra kI svopajJavRtti meM cAraNaRddhi(cAraNalabdhi) ke uparyukta bhedoM ke atirikta zreNIcAraNa, dhUmacAraNa, nIhAracAraNa, avazyAyacAraNa, meghacAraNa, vAridhArAcAraNa, jyotirazmicAraNa tathA vAyucAraNa Adi labdhiyoM kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| (kha) AkAzagAmitva' AkAza meM Ane-jAne kI viziSTa zakti prApta honaa| tapaRddhi tapaRddhi ke 7 bheda mAne gaye haiM - 1. ghoratapa, 2. mahAtapa, 3. ugratapa, 4. dIptatapa, 5. taptatapa, 6. ghoraguNabrahmacAritA, 7. ghorpraakrmtaa| 1. ghoratapa siMha, vyAghra, cItA, svApada Adi duSTa prANiyoM se yukta girikandarA + 6m 450 tiloyapaNNati, 4/1036: tatvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203: tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36: yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/.. pR0 40-41; pravacanasAroddhAravRtti, 1505 dhavalA. pustaka 6. pR076.81 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1038; tattvArthasUtra. zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36; yogazAstra. svo0 vR0 1/6. pR0 41; pravacanasAroddhAra, 601: dhavalA, pustaka 6. pR076.81 tiloyapaNNazi. 4/1038; tatvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203: tatvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36: yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/6. pR0 40.41: pravacanasAroddhAra, 567-566: dhavalA, pustaka 6, pR076.81 4. tiloyapaNNati, 4/1036: tatvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203: tattvArthasUtra. zrutasAgarIyavRti 3/36; yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/6. pR041: pravacanasAroddhAra, 601: dhavalA, pustaka 6, pR076 tiloyapaNNatti. 4/1040: tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36; yogazAstra, svo vR01/6, pR041: dhavalA, pustaka 6. pR0 76.81 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1041 7. tiloyapaNNatti 4/1045: tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36: yogazAstra, svo0 vR01/8, pR041 8. yogazAstra. syo0 vRtti 1/8, pR041-42 6. tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1033-34: tatvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/202; tatvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36; yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/6. pR0 41: dhavalA. pustaka 6. pR0 80.84 10. tiloyapaNaNArI. 4/1046-50: tatvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203 11. tiloyapaNAta 4/1055: tatvArtharAjavArtika. 3/36/3/203: tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36: dhavalA, pustaka 6. pR0 12

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258 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana Adi sthAnoM meM aura bhayAnaka zmazAnoM meM tIvra Atapa, zIta Adi kI bAdhA hone para bhI ghora upasargoM kA shnaa| 2. mahAtapa pakSa, mAsa, chahamAsa aura eka varSa kA upavAsa karanA athavA matijJAnAdi cAra samyagjJAnoM ke bala se maMdarapaMkti siMhaniSkrIDita Adi sabhI mahAn tapoM ko krnaa| 3. ugratapara paJcamI, aSTamI aura catardazI ko upavAsa karanA tathA do yA tIna bAra AhAra na milane para tIna, cAra athavA pAMca upavAsa krnaa| dhavalA pustaka tathA tiloyapaNNatti meM ugratapa ke do upabheda mAne gaye haiM - ugrogratapa aura avsthittp| dIkSopavAsa Adi ko karake AmaraNAMta eka-eka adhika upavAsa ko bar3hAkara nirvAha karanA ugroyatapa hai| dIkSA ke lie eka upavAsa karake pAraNA karanA, punaH eka dina ke antara se upavAsa karake pAraNA karanA / isaprakAra kisI nimitta se eka upavAsa ke sthAna para do upavAsa (SaSThopavAsa) karanA, phira do se vihAra karate hue aSTama, dazama aura dvAdaza Adi ke krama se upavAsoM ko jIvanaparyanta bar3hAte jAnA, pIche na haTanA, avasthita ugratapa kahalAtA hai| 4. dIptatapa zarIra se bAhara sUrya jaisI kAnti kA niklnaa| 5. taptatapa tape hue lauhapiNDa para girI huI jala kI bU~da kI taraha AhAra grahaNa karate hue AhAra kA patA na laganA arthAt AhAra kA paca jaanaa| 6. ghoraguNabrahmacAritA yA aghorabrahmacAritva muni ke kSetra meM bhI cora Adi kI bAdhAe~, kAla mahAmArI aura mahAyuddha Adi kA na honA athavA saba guNoM ke Azraya se maharSi kA brahmacAritva aghora (zAnta, akhaNDita) rhnaa| 7. ghoraparAkrama muniyoM ko dekhakara bhUta, preta, rAkSasa, zAkinI Adi kA Dara jaanaa| balaRddhi balaRddhi ke tIna bheda haiM - manobala, vacanabala aura kAyabala / 1. tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1054; tattvArtharAjavArtika. 3/36/3/203: tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36: dhavalA, pustaka 6. pR061 tiloyapaNNati. 4/1050 tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203: tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36: dhavalA pustaka 6. pR0 67 dhavalA, pustaka 6, pR087.86 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1050-51 tiloyapaNNatti,4/1052; tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203: tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36; dhavalA, pustaka 6. pR060 tiloyapaNNati, 4/1053: tattvArtharAjavArtika. 3/36/3/203: tattvArthasUtra. zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36: dhavalA. pustaka 6.pR0 61 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1058-60tatvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203: tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36: dhadhalA. pustaka 6. pR0 ___ tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1056-57; tattvArtharAjavArtika,3/36/3/203: tatvArthasUtra. zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36; dhapalA, pustaka 6, pR0 63 tiloyapaNNatti. 4/1061-66: tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203: tatvArthasUtra. zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36: dhavalA. pustaka 6. pR068-66

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siddhi-vimarza 259 1. manobala' 2. vacanabala' 3. kAyabala' antarmuhUrta meM sampUrNa zruta ko cintana karane kI sAmarthya / antarmuhUrta meM sampUrNa zruta ko pATha karane kI zakti / mahInoM taka eka hI Asana meM baiThe yA khar3e rahane kI kSamatA athavA aMgulI ke agrabhAga se tInoM lokoM ko uThAkara dUsarI jagaha rakhane kI sAmarthya kA honaa| auSadhaRddhi __ auSadhaRddhi ATha prakAra kI hai| jina yogiyoM-muniyoM ke kapha, zleSma, viSThA, kAna kA maila, dAMta kA maila, AMkha aura jIbha kA maila, hAtha Adi kA sparza, viSThA, mUtra, keza, nakha Adi kathita yA akathita sabhI padArtha auSadha rUpa bana jAte haiM, aura unase prANiyoM ke asAdhya roga bhI naSTa ho jAte haiM, ve auSadhaRddhi ke dhArI hote haiN| ye RddhiyA~ ATha prakAra kI hotI haiM - 1. AmISadhi 2. zvelauSadhi 3. jallauSadhi 4. malauSadhi yogI ke hAtha-paira Adi ke sparzamAtra se prANI kA nIroga ho jaanaa| yogI kI lAra, kapha, akSimala aura nAsikAmala se jIvoM ke rogoM kA vinaash| yogI ke sveda, pasIne Adi se rogoM kA naash| yogI ke jihavA, oSTha, dAMta, zrotrAdi ke mala se jIvoM ke samasta rogoM kA naSTa honaa| yogI ke maMtra, viSThA Adi se jIvoM ke bhayAnaka rogoM kA naash| yogI ke sparza kiye hue jala va vAyu tathA roma aura nakha Adi se vyAdhi kA niraakrnn| yogI ke vacanamAtra se tiktAdi rasa va viSa se yukta vividha prakAra ke anna kA nirviSa honaa| AsyanirviSa12 muni ke vacana ke zravaNamAtra se hI vyAdhiyukta manuSya kA svastha ho jaanaa| viprauSadhi 6. sarvauSadhi 7. mukhanirviSa OM 1. tiloyapaNNati, 4/1061-62; tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203; tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36; dhavalA, pustaka 6, pR068: yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/8, pR0 38-36 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1063-64: tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203; tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36: dhavalA, pustaka 6, pR068-66: yogazAstra, svo0 vR01/8. pR036 3. tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1065-66; tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203; tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36; dhavalA, pustaka 6, pR0 66: yogazAstra, svo0 vR01/8, pR036 tiloyapaNNatti. 4/1067: tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203: pravacanasAroddhAra, 1462 / / tiloyapaNNati. 4/1068; tattvArtharAjavArtika. 3/36/3/203: tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36: dhavalA, pustaka 6. pR0 65-66: yogazAstra, svo001/8, pR036: AvazyakasUtra, haribhadravRtti va malayagirivRtti, pR066: pravacanasAroddhAra, 1466 tiloyapaNNati, 4/1066: tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203: dhavalA, pustaka 6. pR066 tiloyapaNNati. 4/1070: tattvArtharAjavArtika. 3/36/3/203; dhavalA. pustaka 6. pR066 tiloyapaNNA, 4/1071: tattvArtharAjavArtika. 3/36/3/203 tiloyapaNNArA, 4/1072; tattvArtharAjavArtika. 3/36/3/203: tiloyapANNati. 4/1073: tatvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203; dhavalA, pustaka 6, pR067 11. tiloyapaNNArA.4/1074: tatvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203 12. tiloyapaNNati, 4/1074: tatvArtharAjavArtika. 3/36/3/203 OM Jut

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260 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 8. dRSTinirviSa yogI dvArA roga aura viSa se yukta jIva ko dekhane mAtra se usakA nIroga ho jaanaa| rasaRddhi isake 6 bheda haiM - 1. AzIviSa yogI dvArA kisI prANI ko 'mara jAo' aisA kahane para usa prANI kI tatkSaNa hI mRtyu ho jaanaa| 2. dRSTiviSa kisI kruddha muni ke dvArA kisI prANI ke dekhe jAne para usa prANI kI usI samaya mRtyu ho jaanaa| 3. kSIrAsAvI yogI ke hAtha meM Ae hue nIrasa bhojana evaM vANI kA jhIra ke samAna madhura evaM santoSajanaka ho jaanaa| 4. madhvAsAvI yogI ke hAtha meM Ae hue nIrasa bhojana evaM vANI kA madhu ke samAna madhura ho jAnA athavA yogI ke vacanoM kA madhu-zakkara Adi madhura dravya ke samAna ho jaanaa| 5. sarpirAsrAvI yogI ke hastagata nIrasa bhojana evaM vANI kA ghRta ke samAna snigdha honaa| 6. amRtasrAvI athavA amRtAsravI yogI ke hastagata nIrasa bhojana evaM vANI kA amRta ke samAna vizuddha evaM nirmala ho jaanaa| kSetraRddhi kSetraRddhi ke do bheda haiM - 1. akSINamahAnasaRddhi aura 2. akssiinnmhaalyRddhi| 1. tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1076; tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1077: tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1078 tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203 dhavalA pustaka, 6, pR085 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1076; tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203; dhavalA pustaka, 6. pR086 tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti, 3/36 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1080-81; tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/204; tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIya vRtti 3/36 dhavalA. pustaka 6. pR0 66; yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/8, pR0 36: AvazyakasUtra, malayagiri vRtti pR075 tiloyapaNNatti 4/1082-83, tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/204; tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36 yogazAstra. svo0 vR01/8, pR036, AvazyakasUtra, malayagirivRtti pR075, 80 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1086; tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/204; tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36; yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/6, pR0 36, dhavalA, pustaka 6, pR0 100 8. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/204; dhavalA, pustaka 6, pR0 101, tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36; yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/8, pR0 36 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1084-85 10. tilloyapaNNattI, 4/1088; tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/204; tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36, yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/8, pR036

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siddhi-vimarza 261 1. akSINamahAnasa' aura akSINamahAnasika kisI muni yA sAdhu dvArA kisI ke ghara meM bhojana kiye jAne para bhikSA yA bhojana kI kamI na honaa| 2. akSINamahAlaya kisI muni yA sAdhu dvArA kisI mandira meM nivAsa karane para usa sthAna meM samasta deva, manuSya aura tiryaMcoM ko bAdhArahita nivAsa karane kI zakti prApta honaa| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki pAtaJjala evaM jaina-paramparA meM varNita siddhiyoM meM pUrNa sAmya hai kevala unake nAmoM, saMkhyA evaM varNana-zailI meM bhinnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| pAtaJjalayoga paramparA kI apekSA jainaparamparAgata siddhi-varNana meM vyApakatA evaM spaSTIkaraNa kI dRSTi se vaiziSTya avazya pratIta hotA hai| jainaparamparA kI eka anya vizeSatA usakA samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa rahA hai| isIlie A0 haribhadrAdi prasiddha jaina manISiyoM ne pAtaJjala evaM jaina donoM yoga paramparAoM meM prApta siddhiyoM kA sthAna-sthAna para ullekha kiyA hai| A0 haribhadra ne to spaSTa rUpa se pataJjali ke yama-niyamAdi yogAMgoM se prApta ratnAdi, vaidika evaM haThayogAdi anya paramparAoM meM varNita aNimAdi tathA jaina-paramparAgata 'Amosahi' Adi siddhiyoM kI ora saMketa karate hue tInoM paramparAoM meM sAmya dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| aNimAdi siddhiyA~ yoga kI viziSTa bhUmikA meM prApta hone se sabhI paramparAoM meM mAnya haiN| isalie AcArya haribhadra, AcArya zubhacandra, AcArya hemacandra tathA upAdhyAya yazovijaya Adi vidvAnoM ne bhI unakA ullekha kiyA hai| / ukta AcAryoM ne anyatra bhI pAtaJjalayogasUtra sammata siddhiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai| yathA A0 zubhacandra dvArA ahiMsA ke prabhAva se yogI ke sAnnidhya meM Ane vAle krUra prANiyoM ke vairabhAva tyAga karane kA ullekha pAtaJjalayogasUtra se milatA hai|14 isI prakAra A0 hemacandra evaM upA0 yazovijaya dvArA nirUpita pavanajaya se prApta siddhiyA~ pAtaJjalayoga se prabhAvita pratIta hotI haiN|15 1. tiloyapaNNatti. 4/1066-60; tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/204; dhavalA, pustaka 6, pR0 101-102; AvazyakasUtra, malayagiri vRtti 75, pR0 80: tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti 3/36; yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/8, pR0 36 pravacanasAroddhAra, 1504 tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1061; tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/204; tattvArthasUtra, zrutasAgarIyavRtti, 3/36; yogazAstra, svo0 vR0 1/8. pR0 36 asteyapratiSThAyAM srvrtnopsthaanm| - pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/37 5. bhAgavatapurANa, 11/15/3-5; yogazikhopaniSada, 5/51, maNDalabrAhmaNa, 303/4. pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 3/44, 45, tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1024-25 tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 1506-1506 pravacanasAroddhAra, 1462-1508, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 1024-25 7. jogANabhAvao ciya pAyaM na ya sohaNassa viya laabho| laddhINa vi sampattI imassa jaM vanniyA sme|| rayaNAI laddhIo aNimAIyAo taha cittaao| AmosahAjhyAo tahA tahA jogvuddddhiie|| - yogazataka, 83, 84 pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 3/44, 45; bhAgavatapurANa, 11/15/3-5, tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1024-25, tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3/36/3/203 yogazataka 84 tathA svo0 vR0 jJAnArNava, 16/6. 27/6.35/26.60 11. yogazataka syo0 vR01/8, pR0 37 12. dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA, 26/15 evaM TIkA 13. jJAnArNava, 22/22 14. pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/35 15. yogazataka. 5/24; dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 26/15 evaM svo0 vR0 tulanA - pAtaJjalayogasUtra 3/36

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262 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana A0 hemacandra ne pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM varNita siddhiyoM kA varNana karane ke sAtha sva-paramparAgata auSadhi Adi siddhiyoM kA bhI saMkSepa meM pUrNa vivaraNa diyA hai|' ___ upA0 yazovijaya ne sabhI jainAcAryoM se viziSTa kArya yaha kiyA ki pataJjali ne 'vibhUtipAda' nAmaka tRtIya adhyAya meM jina yogaja vibhUtiyoM kI carcA kI hai, una sabhI kI vyAkhyA unhoMne 'yoga-mAhAtmya' nAmaka dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA meM prastuta kI hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki yazovijaya ko maharSi pataJjali dvArA nirUpita siddhiyA~ pUrNataH mAnya thiiN| isIprakAra yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki A0 haribhadra Adi cAroM pramukha jainAcAryoM ne varNana-zailI kI bhinnatA ko yathArtha bheda na mAnakara sabhI paramparAoM meM samanvaya pradarzita kiyA hai, jo ucita bhI hai| siddhiyoM ke sambandha meM yaha dhyAtavya hai ki ukta sabhI siddhiyA~ yoga-mArga ke pathika ko kramazaH prApta hotI haiN| ina siddhiyoM ke prApta hone para yogI ko apanI dainika AvazyakatAoM kI parti ke lie dUsare para Azrita nahIM rahanA pdd'taa| yahI nahIM, AvazyakatA par3ane para vaha jana-kalyANa ke lie bhI unakA prayoga kara sakatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki siddhiyoM ke prApta hone para sAdhaka kI yoga-sAdhanA ke prati niSThA bar3ha jAtI hai tathA usameM Atma-vizvAsa jAgRta hotA hai| kintu yogI sAdhaka ko yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki ye siddhiyA~ yoga-sAdhanA kA lakSya nahIM haiN| ataH yadi vaha inake prApta hone para saMtuSTa hokara svayaM ko lokottara puruSa samajhakara AtmapratiSThA ke lie inakA prayoga karatA hai, taba ye siddhiyA~ use yoga ke carama lakSya taka nahIM pahu~cane detIM, apitu usake yoga-mArga meM vighna bana jAtI haiM aura use sAdhanA-patha se bhraSTa kara detI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki prasiddha yogiyoM ne ina siddhiyoM ke prati upekSAbhAva rakhane kA upadeza diyA hai| maharSi pataJjali ne bhI inheM samAdhi kI siddhi meM vighna mAnA hai| jaina-paramparA meM bhI RddhiyoM evaM siddhiyoM ko sAdhanA meM vighna samajhate hue sAdhaka ko unake prati anAsakta rahane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| A0 kundakunda ne sAdhaka ko parAmarza diyA hai ki vaha Rddhi dekhakara mohita na ho jaae|6 dazavaikAlikasUtra meM Rddhi kA garva karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| anya jainazAstroM meM kAma, bhoga evaM Rddhi ke prati anAsakti rakhane vAle ko hI saccA muni kahA gayA hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM sAdhaka ko yaha nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki vaha ihalaukika evaM pAralaukika phalAkAMkSA, kIrti, prazaMsA, pratiSThA athavA prasiddhi ke nimitta tapa na kre| tattvArtharAjavArtika meM RddhikAmI sAdhu ko bakuza kI koTi meM rakhA gayA hai| A0 haribhadra ne RddhiyoM ko vighna mAnate hue kahA hai ki agara yogI ou yogazataka, svo0 vR0 1/8,6 2. yogamAhAtmyadvAtriMzikA, (dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, yazovijaya) siddhau cittaM na kurvIta caJcalatvena cetsH|| tathA'pi jJAtatattvo'sau mukta evaM na saMzaya / / - yogazikhopaniSad 5/62 4. te samAdhAvupasargAH vyutthAne siddhayaH / - pAtaJjalayogasUtra 3/37 5. prazamaratiprakaraNa, 256-258 6. bhAvaprAbhRta, 126 7. dazavaikAlikasUtra, 6/2/22 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 10/17, 8/58, 56 samAdhitantra, 42: tattvAnuzAsana, 22, uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 35/18, 6/16 (ka) na ihalogaTTyAe tvmhiddhejjaa| na paralogaTThAe tavamahiThejjA / / na kitti-vaNNasaddasilogaTTayAe tavamahiDhejjA / / - dazavaikAlikasUtra,6/4/6 (kha) dazavaikAlikasUtra, 1/4/6 para haribhadraTIkA evaM jinadAsacUrNi 10. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 6/46/2

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siddhi-vimarza 263 RddhiyoM ke prati Asakta ho jAtA hai to samasta anuSThAna viSa rUpa ho jAtA hai| A0 zubhacandra, hemacandra evaM upA0 yazovijaya ne bhI siddhiyoM ko vighna svarUpa mAnA haiN| ataH yogI ko cAhie ki vaha inakI apekSA na kara samAdhi kI sAdhanA meM nirantara unmukha rhe| siddhiyoM ke prati upekSAbhAva rakhate hue yoga-mArga meM Age bar3hatA huA sAdhaka anta meM mokSa ko prApta kara letA hai, usakA bhava-sAgara se sambandha chUTa jAtA hai| yahI yogI kA carama lakSya hai| 1. 2. 3. yogabindu, 155, 156, 365 jJAnArNava, 37/12-14, 35/26.36/1-14,5/3. 13 yogazAstra,6/1-3,6/15, 16 dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, svo0 vR0 18/24, jJAnasAra, 20/8 |

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saptama adhyAya pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga meM paraspara sAmya-vaiSamya evaM vaiziSTya bhAratIya darzana kA mukhya uddezya hai mAnava jIvana ko abhAva evaM sAMsArika kaSToM se mukti dilAkara zAzvata evaM cirantana Ananda kI prApti kraanaa| sabhyatA ke AdikAla se hI mAnava ne sAsArika viSaya vAsanAoM se apane Apako Abaddha pAte hue bhI usase nikalane kA prayAsa jArI rakhA hai| prAcIna kAlIna RSiyoM evaM Adhunika cintakoM ne samaya-samaya para vividha upAyoM kA anveSaNa kara svAnubhava dvArA tattvasAkSAtkAra karAne vAlI vyAvahArika paddhatiyoM ko dharAtala para utArane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| unake dvArA AtmavikAsa kI pUrNatA aura usase prApta hone vAle prajJA-prakarSajanya pUrNabodha kI prApti hetu anveSita upAyoM meM 'yoga' eka viziSTa evaM anyatama upAya hai| 'yoga' Arya jAti kI sabase zreSTha evaM anupama AdhyAtmika nidhi hai| yoga-sAdhanA ke mArga ananta haiN| bhaktiyoga, jJAnayoga, karmayoga, rAjayoga, haThayoga, dhyAnayaM soyA yAnayoga japayoga, mantrayoga, tapayoga, layayoga Adi yoga kI aneka zAkhAe~ haiM / vastutaH ye sabhI zAkhAe~ eka dUsare kI pUraka haiN| vicAra karane para jJAta hotA hai ki pratyeka yoga meM bhakti, jJAna, karma, dhyAna Adi sAdhanoM kA nyUnAdhika rUpa meM upayoga avazya hotA hai| parantu sAdhaka ajJAnAndhakAra se vazIbhUta hone ke kAraNa inake gUr3ha rahasyoM ko samajha nahIM pAtA / yahI kAraNa hai ki kisI eka mArga kA anusaraNa karane vAle sAdhaka apane Apako dUsaroM se pRthaka samajhane lagate haiN| yathA - bhaktimArgI logoM ko haThayogiyoM se athavA jJAnamArgI logoM kA karmayogiyoM se athavA karmamArgI logoM kA jJAnayogiyoM se virodha spaSTa dikhAI detA hai, jabaki jJAna, bhakti, karma, japa, tapa, dhyAna, jJAna Adi kI samaSTi hI sampUrNa yoga hai| pratyeka kI sthitibheda ke kAraNa hI inake sAdhanA-mArga meM antara dikhAI par3atA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti tIna pramukha dhArAoM meM pravAhita rahI hai - vaidika, bauddha evaM jain| ina sabakI cintana paddhati evaM maulika vicAradhArA meM bhinnatA hone se inakI mokSa-prApaka sAdhanA-paddhatiyoM meM jo pArthakya dikhAI detA hai unakI ora dhyAna AkarSita karane ke lie yoga ke sAtha vaidika, bauddha, jaina tathA anya sampradAyoM kA nAma jor3A gayA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa vaidikayoga, bauddhayoga athavA jainayoga Adi nAma pracalita hone lge| yathArtha meM yoga kA kisI dharma, sampradAya athavA jAti vizeSa se koI sambandha nahIM hai| 'yoga' eka vyApaka zabda hai jisameM sabhI sAdhanA-paddhatiyA~ samAhita haiN| yoga-paramparA kA prArambha kaba, kahA~, aura kisake dvArA haA? isake sambandha meM prAmANika rUpa se kucha kahanA sambhava nahIM hai| yoga ke aitihAsika pariprekSya para vicAra karane para itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki AtmavikAsa hetu AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke rUpa meM 'yoga' kA pracalana prAgaitihAsika kAla se calA A rahA hai| sindhu ghATI kI sabhyatA ke avazeSoM se prApta dhyAnastha yogI kA citra ukta tathya kA poSaka pramANa hai|

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga meM paraspara sAmya-vaiSamya evaM vaiziSTya 265 yoga ke Adya pravartaka kauna the, isa sambandha meM vaidika paramparA 'hiraNyagarbha ko yoga kA Adya vaktA mAnatI hai|' mahAbhArata meM prApta ullekhAnusAra yaha dyutimAna hiraNyagarbha vahI hai jisakI vedoM meM stuti kI gaI hai| yogI loga nitya isakI pUjA karate haiN| jaina-paramparAnusAra yoga ke Adya pravartaka prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva the| mahApurANa meM kahA gayA hai ki RSabhadeva ke aneka nAmoM meM eka hiraNyagarbha thaa|" vaidika purANoM ke anusAra bhagavAn RSabhadeva bhagavAna viSNu ke pAMcaveM parantu prathama mAnava avatAra the| zrImadbhAgavata meM eka sthala para "bhagavAn RSabhadevo yogIzvaraH 6 kahakara bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI prathama yogIzvara ke rUpa meM stuti kI gaI hai aura anyatra hiraNyagarbha ko yogavidyA kA Adya pravartaka kahA hai|" jaina vAGmaya meM bhI bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI hiraNyagarbha ke rUpa meM stuti kI gaI hai| ukta vicAroM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki hiraNyagarbha aura RSabhadeva donoM eka hI vyakti ke do nAma haiM jo yoga ke Adya pravartaka the| ___ sindhu ghATI kI sabhyatA se prApta dhyAnastha yogI kI nagnAvasthA aura kAyotsarga mudrA (padmAsana) meM prApta mUrti ko dekhakara purAtattvavetA yaha anumAna lagAte haiM ki ukta mUrti prathama jaina tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI hai| cU~ki bhagavAn ziva kA svarUpa bhI digambara (nagna) thA isalie kucha vidvAna ukta mUrti ko bhagavAn ziva kI mUrti batAte haiM / unake isa tathya se RSabhadeva aura ziva kI ekAkAratA kI ora bhI vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa huA / isI AdhAra para zrI rAmacandra dIkSitAra ne I0 san 3000 varSa pUrva tathA usase bhI prAcIna bhAratavarSa meM pracalita yoga-sAdhanA ko pAzupata yoga-sAdhanA kA prArambhika rUpa mAnA hai|" uparyukta cUMki padamAsana meM utkIrNa hai isalie kucha vidvAna haThayoga kA prArambha bhI prAgaitihAsika kAla se hI svIkAra karate haiM / 2 haThayoga meM 'AdinAtha' ko haThayoga kA Adyapravartaka mAnate hue unakI stuti kI gaI hai| AdinAtha 'RSabhadeva' athavA 'hiraNyagarbha' kA hI apara nAma hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki prAgaitihAsika kAla meM yoga kI vibhinna paddhatiyA~ sAdhanA rUpa meM pracalita thiiN| ataH bhinna-bhinna sAmpradAyikoM ne apane-apane matAnusAra apane iSTadeva ko yoga kA Adya pravartaka mAna liyaa| prAcIna kAla meM kisI bhI vidyA kA grahaNa, dhAraNa evaM paThana-pAThana guru-ziSya paramparA dvArA hotA thA isalie RSi-paramparA dvArA hI isakA pracAra huaa| lekhana paramparA kA abhAva hone se anya vidyAoM ke samAna yogavidyA bhI zAstrabaddha na ho skii| pariNAmasvarUpa Aja isakA kramika va prAmANika itihAsa anupalabdha hai| kahA jAtA hai ki hiraNyagarbha ne yoga viSayaka eka grantha kI racanA kI thii|14 parantu ukta grantha ke anupalabdha hone se isa viSaya meM koI pramANa prastuta karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| 1. hiraNyagarbhaH yogasya vaktA nAnya purAtanaH | - mahAbhArata, 2/346/65 2. vahI, 12/342/66 3. RgvedasaMhitA, 10/121/1 mahApurANa, 12/15 zrImadbhAgavatapurANa, 5/3/20 vahI. 5/4/3 vahI, 5/6:13 AdipurANa 24/33 Jainism the oldest living Religion, p. 49-50. 'pAzupata yoga kA prArambhika itihAsa', kalyANa (yogAMka), pR0 237 11. vahI, kalyANa (yogAMka). pR0237 12. zarmA, surendra kumAra, haThayoga - eka aitihAsika pariprekSya evaM haThayogapradIpikA, pR0 17 13. zrI AdinAthAya namo'stu tasmai yenopadiSTA htthyogvidyaa| - haThayogapradIpikA, 1/1 14. nairaJjana, zrI mauktinAtha, "pAtaJjalayogadarzana kI prAcInatA' kalyANa, (yogAMka) pR0 255

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266 yogaviSayaka aneka mahatvapUrNa prasaMga, veda, upaniSad, mahAbhArata, gItA, yogavAsiSTha Adi granthoM meM prApta hote haiM, parantu yoga ko vyavasthita evaM samyakpa pradAna karane kA zreya sarvaprathama maharSi pataJjali (IsA pUrva dvitIya zatI) ko prApta huA hai| unhoMne apanI sAdhanA-paddhati kA mUla apanI paramparA meM hI sthApita karate hue katipaya saMzodhana kara vibhinna paddhatiyoM ko sUtrabaddha kara yogazAstra' kA rUpa pradAna kiyA jo 'pAtaJjalayogadarzana' nAma se prasiddha hai / pataJjalikRta yogagrantha ke prathama sUtra 'athayogAnuzAsanam ke AdhAra para vAcaspatimizra tathA vijJAnabhikSu Adi TIkAkAra yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki pataJjali yoga ke pravartaka nahIM the balki eka saMgrahakartA the / unakA mata hai ki pAtaJjalayogadarzana kA vikAsa 'hairaNyagarbhazAstra' se hI huA hai jo durbhAgya se anupalabdha / pataJjalikRta yogasUtra meM cittavRttinirodha hetu varNita Izvara-praNidhAna (bhaktiyoga), prANAyAma ( haThayoga), viSayavatI pravRtti (tantrayoga), vizokA pravRtti (paMcazikha kA sAMkhyayoga), vItarAga viSayatA (jainoM kA vairAgya) svapna Adi kA avalambana (bauddhoM kA dhyAnayoga) Adi vibhinna sAdhanA-paddhatiyA~ pataJjali ke pUrvavatI pracalita hone kA pramANa prastuta karatI haiN| pataJjali ne pUrvavartI ina yoga-praNAliyoM ko kevala saMkalita kara yoga kA samanvita rUpa janatA ke samakSa rakhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| vartamAna meM yogadarzana se tAtparya pataJjali ke sUtroM se hI mAnA jAtA hai| ukta grantha meM dArzanika pakSa (tattva- cintana) kI apekSA sAdhanA ko aura Atmika unnati ke kramika mArga ko hI pradhAna rUpa se pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jahA~ taka jaina paramparA kA sambandha hai, isameM bhI saiddhAMtika pakSa kI apekSA AcAra pakSa ko adhika mahatva diyA gayA hai| jaina tIrthaMkaroM ke jo upadeza haiM, ve bhI sAdhanAmaya jIvana meM Age bar3hate hue uccatama sthiti para tattvoM kA sAkSAtkAra karane ke anantara hI die gae / isa prasaMga meM yaha vizeSa ullekhanIya hai ki prAcIna bhAratIya sAdhakoM ne saMkIrNatA kI sadA upekSA kI hai aura udAratApUrvaka vividha sampradAyoM meM pracalita yoga-kSemakArI siddhAntoM aura sAdhanA ke mArgoM ko binA kisI saMkoca ke svIkAra karate hue vicAroM kA AdAna-pradAna kiyA hai| ataH svAbhAvika hai ki varNana-zailI meM bhinnatA hone para bhI 'pAtaJjalayoga' evaM 'jainayoga' kI sAdhanA-paddhatiyoM meM samAnatA yA avirodha ho / maharSi pataJjali ne 'yoga' zabda ko jisa samAdhiparaka artha meM grahaNa kiyA hai, prAcIna jaina vAGmaya meM, vizeSakara Agama sAhitya meM vaha usa artha meM pracalita nahIM thaa| jainAgamoM meM 'yoga' zabda kAyika, vAcika evaM mAnasika pravRttiyoM ke artha meM svIkRta hai| jahA~ taka mokSa prApti kA sambandha hai vaha daihika aura bhautika Asakti ke uccheda se hI saMbhava hai| isalie bhArata meM vizeSataH jaina- paramparA meM, 'tapa' ko mokSopayogI sAdhanA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gyaa| Age calakara 'dhyAna' rUpa Abhyantara tapa kI zreSThatA svIkAra karane para dhyAna va samAdhi kI prakriyA ko 'yoga' ke artha meM mAnyatA dI jAne lgii| jainAgamoM meM bhI yogasAdhanA ke artha meM 'dhyAna' zabda hI adhika prayukta huA hai| jaina paramparA meM jJAnayoga, kriyAyoga evaM dhyAnayoga kA sundara samanvaya dRSTigocara hotA hai jo anyatra durlabha hai| bhakti ko bhI jaina-sAdhanA meM yathocita sthAna prApta huA hai kintu use jaina tattva- cintana paddhati ke anurUpa DhAlane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| jaina tIrthakara va prAcIna RSi-muniyoM kI sAdhanA meM ukta sAdhanA ke prayogAtmaka pakSa kA darzana kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1. 2. 3. 4. pAtaJjalayogasUtra 1/1 para tattvavaizAradI TIkA vahI, 1/1 para yogavArtika bhAratIya darzana kA itihAsa, bhA0 1, pR0 237 nairaJjana, zrI mauktinAtha, 'pAtaJjalayoga darzana kI prAcInatA" kalyANa, (yogAMka) pR0 255

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga meM paraspara sAmya-vaiSamya evaM vaiziSTya 267 yadyapi jainAgamoM meM yatra-tatra dhyAna viSayaka pracura-sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai kintu usa para vyavasthita va sarvAMgINa jainayoga-sAdhanA paddhati kA bhavana khar3A nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki prAcIna jaina-paramparA meM pAtaJjalayogasUtra kI taraha yoga-sAdhanA kA vyavasthita grantha likhA hI nahIM gayA thaa| yoga (adhyAtma-sAdhanA) kA AdhAra 'AcAra' hai kyoMki AcAra se hI yogI ke saMyama meM vRddhi hotI hai tathA samatA kA vikAsa hotA hai| ataH prAcIna granthoM meM jainayoga-sAdhanA kA pratipAdana AcArazAstra (cAritra) ke rUpa meM huA hai| bAda meM gRhastha sAdhaka ke 'AcAra' ko gauNa mAna kara municaryA para adhika bala diyA jAne municaryA ke pramukha aMga 'vairAgya' va 'dhyAna' kI vizeSa vyAkhyA karane vAle adhyAtmaparaka granthoM kA praNayana prArambha huaa| IsA kI 7vIM zatI taka jainayoga sAhitya meM Agama-zailI kA hI prAdhAnya rhaa| Agamayuga se lekara vartamAnayuga taka Agama sAhitya para aneka vidvAnoM ne apanI lekhanI calAI, kintu jainayoga-sAdhanA ke vyavasthita va sarvAMgINa svarUpa ko prastuta karane vAle svatantra va maulika grantha likhane kI paramparA kA sUtrapAta lagabhaga 8-6 vIM zatI ke Asa-pAsa huaa| sambhavataH ukta prayAsa pAtaJjalayogasUtra, tat sambaddha sAhitya va usakI vicAradhArA kI lokapriyatA se prabhAvita hokara kiyA gayA ho| ukta granthakAroM meM sarvaprathama va sarvAgraNI AcArya haribhadra haiM jinhoMne pAtaJjalayogasUtra tathA usakI yoga-sAdhanA se sambaddha sabhI pakSoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue usI ke samakakSa jainayoga-sAdhanA kA vividha pariprekSyoM meM vyavasthita evaM samanvayAtmaka svarUpa prastuta kiyaa| A0 haribhadra (8 vIM zatI) ke samaya meM deza meM yoga-sAdhanA vividha rUpoM meM pracalita thii| jahA~ eka ora bauddhoM dvArA mantrayAna, tantrayAna aura vajrayAna Adi kA tIvratA se pracAra kiyA jA rahA thA, vahIM dUsarI ora siddhoM ne 'siddhayoga' kA pracAra karanA prArambha kara diyA thaa| sAmAnya janatA na to tantroM, vizeSakara vAmamArga ke rahasya ko samajha pAne meM samartha thI aura na hI siddhoM ke 'siddhayoga' se prabhAvita ho sakI thii| pariNAmasvarUpa unameM durAcAra va vyabhicAra phailane lgaa| tatkAlIna jaina samAja kI dhArmika sthiti bhI acchI na thii| jaina-paramparA meM jahA~ eka aura caityavAsa vikasita ho cukA thA vahIM svayaM ko zramaNa athavA tyAgI kahane vAle varga ne mandira nirmANa, pratiSThA, jinapUjA Adi bAhya kriyAkANDoM ko adhika mahatva denA prArambha kara diyA thaa| jinapratimA aura jaina mandira tathAkathita zramaNoM kI dhyAnabhUmi yA sAdhanAbhUmi na banakara bhogabhUmi bana rahe the| sAmpradAyika matabheda vartamAnayuga kI bhAMti caramasImA para thaa| svayaM A0 haribhadra dvArA jaina dharma aMgIkAra karane se pUrva jinapratimA kA upahAsa karanA, unake ziSyoM kA gupta rUpa se bauddha maThoM meM jAkara zikSA grahaNa karanA tathA rahasya khulane para bauddhAcAryoM dvArA unakI hatyA karAyA jAnA Adi sabhI ghaTanAe~ brAhmaNa, bauddha evaM jaina-paramparAoM meM vidyamAna pArasparika dveSa evaM ghRNAbhAva kI spaSTa jhAMkI prastuta karatI haiN| usa yuga meM dhArmika kSetra kI bhA~ti dArzanika kSetra bhI khaNDana-maNDana kI pravRtti se achUtA na thaa| aisI viSama paristhitiyoM kA tatkAlIna sAhitya para prabhAva par3anA svAbhAvika thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa yuga meM tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI pravRtti bhI prArambha ho gaI thii| vaidika evaM bauddha yoga ke sAtha samanvayAtmaka sambandha rakhanA tathA unake dRSTikoNa ko samakSa rakhakara apane vaiziSTya kA upasthApana karanA isa yuga ke jainAcAryoM kI pramukha vizeSatA thii| itanA hI nahIM, unake pAribhASika 1. jaina. sAgaramala "haribhadra ke dharga-darzana meM krAntikArI tatva'. bI0 ela0 insTITyUTa Apha iNDolaoNjI, dillI. dvArA 1687 meM Ayojita 'AcArya haribhadrasUri saMgoSThI meM paThita lekha, pR04 2. draSTavya : akalaMkakathA; nyAyakumadacandra, prastAvanA 3. vahI |

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268 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana zabdoM ke samAnAntara zabdoM athavA unake pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga bhI isa yuga ke jainasAhitya meM upalabdha hotA hai| __ jaina-paramparA samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa kI pakSadhara rahI hai aura anekAntavAda usakA mUla siddhAnta hai| ataH yaha kahanA anucita na hogA ki A0 haribhadra ko samanvayAtmaka, udAra evaM vyApaka dRSTikoNa jainaparamparA kI anekAntadRSTi se uttarAdhikAra meM mile the| parantu unhoMne jisa sUkSmatA evaM sUjhabUjha se ina guNoM ko apane jIvana meM AtmasAta kiyA, usakA udAharaNa jaina athavA jainetara kisI bhI paramparA meM nahIM miltaa| unhoMne pratyeka bhAratIya darzana ko paramasatya kA aMza batAkara una sabhI darzanoM kI paraspara dUrI ko miTAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| unake abhimatAnusAra bhinna-bhinna zabdoM meM grathita sabhI grantha eka hI lakSya va paramatattva kA pratipAdana karate haiM, isalie satya ke gaveSaka aura sAdhanA ke pathika ko pUrvAgrahoM se mukta hokara vibhinna mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA karanI cAhiye tathA unameM se jo bhI yuktisaMgata lage use svIkAra kara lenA caahiye| apanI isa udAra evaM samanvayAtmaka dRSTi ke AdhAra para unhoMne jainayoga ke kSetra meM udbhAvaka ke rUpa me praveza kiyaa| unhoMne apane pUrvavartI yoga viSayaka vicAroM meM pracalita Agama-zailI kI pradhAnatA ko tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM evaM lokaruci ke anurUpa parivartita kiyA tathA jainayoga kA eka abhinava, vividhalakSI evaM samanvita svarUpa janatA ke samakSa rakhA tAki loga vividha yoga-praNAliyoM ke bhramajAla meM phaMsakara digbhramita na ho skeN| itanA hI nahIM, unhoMne apanI sarvatomukhI pratibhA, cintana paddhati evaM anubhUti kI apratima AbhA se anekavidha yogagranthoM kI racanA kara jainayoga sAhitya meM abhinava yuga kI sthApanA kii| Ao haribhadra ne jo saraNi prastuta kI, usakA paravartI jainAcAryoM ne sotsAha anukaraNa kiyaa| 10vIM zatI meM kucha parimArjita evaM vicAravAn yogiyoM ne 'siddhayoga' meM truTiyA~ dekhakara usake viruddha nAtha-sampradAya kI sRSTi kii| nAtha-sampradAya ke prathama ratna gorakhanAtha mAne jAte haiM, jinhoMne sAre bhArata meM parimArjita, zuddha evaM sAttvika haThayoga kA pracAra kiyA aura haThayoga viSayaka aneka granthoM kI racanA kii| haThayoga kA uddezya zArIrika tathA mAnasika vikAsa karAnA hai| yadyapi isameM AcAra-vicAra kI zuddhi para bhI bala diyA gayA hai tathApi Asana, mudrA evaM prANAyAma dvArA zarIra kI Antarika zuddhi karake prANa ko sUkSma banAkara cittavRtti kA nirodha karanA, isakA mukhya lakSya hai| kahA bhI hai ki kevala rAjayoga kI siddhi ke lie hI haThayoga kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| ukta kathana se siddha hotA hai ki rAjayoga aura haThayoga eka dUsare ke pUraka haiN| 11vIM zatI meM rAjayoga (aSTAMgayoga), haThayoga aura tantrayoga Adi yoga-praNAliyoM kA prAdhAnya thaa| svAbhAvika hai ki isa yuga ke AcAryoM para isa prakriyA kA prabhAva par3A ho| digambara jaina-paramparA ke pratinidhi A0 zubhacandra (11 vIM zatI) ke samakSa pataJjali kA yogasUtra, rAjayoga, haThayoga tantrayoga tathA hAribhadrIya yogasAhitya upalabdha thaa| ataH unhoMne A0 haribhadra ke samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa ke anusAra rm bh yh 1. yogabindu, 3 lokatattvanirNaya, 18 bhagavatI prasAda siMha, "caurAsI siddha tathA nAtha sampradAya', kalyANa, (yogAMka), pR0 466-70 nAtha sampradAya, pR063-101, 123-148 5. kevalaM rAjayogAya haThavidyopadizyate / - haThayogapradIpikA, 1/2

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga meM paraspara sAmya-vaiSamya evaM vaiziSTya jainayoga, pAtaJjalayoga, haThayoga evaM tantrayoga kA samanvayAtmaka evaM vyApaka svarUpa janatA ke samakSa rkhaa| unhoMne apane ekamAtra grantha 'jJAnArNava' meM pAtaJjalayoga meM nirdiSTa ATha yogAMgoM ke kramAnusAra zramaNAcAra kA jaina-zailI ke anurUpa varNana kiyA hai| unake ukta nirUpaNa meM Asana tathA prANAyAma se sambandhita aneka mahatvapUrNa viSayoM kA pratipAdana bhI huA hai| cU~ki municaryA meM dhyAna ko vizeSa sthAna prApta hai, isalie 'jJAnArNava' meM bhI dhyAna viSayaka sAmagrI pracura mAtrA meM varNita hai| A0 zubhacandra ne haThayoga evaM tantrayoga meM pracalita padastha, piNDastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta dhyAna kA vistRta va spaSTa vivecana kiyA hai / 269 A0 zubhacandra kRta 'jJAnArNava' kI viSaya zailI zvetAmbara jaina paramparA ke pratinidhi A0 hemacandra ( 12vIM zatI) kRta yogazAstra meM bhI draSTavya hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki A0 hemacandra ne A0 zubhacandra ke vizAlakAya 'jJAnArNava' meM hI kucha mUla parivartana kara usakA saMkSipta, pariSkRta evaM parimArjita rUpa upasthita kiyA hai| unake yogazAstra para bhI pAtaJjalayoga, haThayoga, tantrayoga tathA jainayoga kA paryApta prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai / yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki A0 zubhacandra kA jJAnArNava jahA~ sAdhu jIvana kI AdhArabhUmi para sthita hai, vahA~ hemacandrakRta yogazAstra gRhastha-sAdhu jIvana kI AdhArazilA para pratiSThita hai aura usameM gRhastha va sAdhu donoM ke AcAra kA nirUpaNa huA hai| donoM hI AcAryoM ke yoga granthoM ko dekhakara Azcarya hotA hai ki pUrvavartI jaina-jainetara yoga kI varNanazailI evaM bhASAzailI kA anukaraNa karane vAle ukta donoM jainAcAryoM ne apane pUrvavartI jainAcArya haribhadra kI yogaviSayaka abhinava zailI kA kahIM ullekha nahIM kiyaa| donoM ke yoga grantha kevala haribhadra kI samanvayAtmaka zailI ke anurUpa jainatattvajJAna aura jaina AcAra ke samanvita rUpa ke AdhAra para jainayoga kA svatantra evaM viziSTa svarUpa prastuta karate haiM / A0 haribhadra kI samanvayAtmaka zailI kA anukaraNa karane vAle AcAryoM meM pramukha sthAna upA0 yazovijaya (18vIM zatI) kA hai| unake samaya meM yoga-praNAliyoM kI vividhatA meM apekSAkRta adhika vRddhi ho rahI thI tathA sAmpradAyika-bheda bhI caramasImA ko chU rahe the| darzana evaM cintana ke kSetra meM bhI paraspara khaMDana-maMDana kI pravRtti jora pakar3a rahI thI / ina viSama paristhitiyoM meM upA0 yazovijaya ne A0 haribhadra dvArA pravartita cintana paramparA ko Age bar3hAte hue jainayoga-sAdhanA kA vyApaka va vistRta nirUpaNa kiyA / unake dvArA prasUta yoga sAhitya maulika aura Agamika paramparA se sambaddha hone ke sAtha-sAtha tulanAtmaka evaM samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa vAle adhyetAoM ke lie bhI navInatama evaM upayogI sAmagrI prastuta karatA hai jisaprakAra sUtrazailI meM nibaddha maharSi pataJjalikRta yogasUtroM ke gUr3ha arthoM ko samajhane ke lie maharSi vyAsa, bhoja, vAcaspati mizra, vijJAnabhikSu Adi aneka AcAryoM ne bhASya evaM TIkAoM kI racanA kI, usI prakAra upA0 yazovijaya ne bhI pataJjali ke yogasUtra evaM A0 haribhadra ke yogagranthoM ke gUr3hArtha ko samajhAne ke lie aneka vyAkhyAparaka yoga evaM adhyAtma-granthoM kI racanA kI / inake yogagranthoM kA sarvAdhika vaiziSTya yaha hai ki unameM spaSTa zabdoM meM haThayoga kA niSedha huA hai aura citta kI bAhyAbhimukhI cittavRttiyoM ko antarmukhI karane ke prayAsoM para adhika jora diyA gayA hai| 1 samagra rUpa se vicAra karane para pratIta hotA hai ki ukta cAroM jainAcArya jainayoga ke AdhArastambha haiN| ina saba kI sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa vizeSatA yaha hai ki ina cAroM AcAryoM ne apane-apane yuga kA pratinidhi banakara tatkAlIna yoga-sAdhanA kA aisA samanvita va vyApaka svarUpa prastuta kiyA jo sAmAnya janatA ko digbhramita hone se bacAne tathA sAmpradAyika bheda ko samApta karane meM upayogI sAmagrI prastuta karatA hai| anya AcArya ina cAroM kA kisI na kisI rUpa meM anugamana karate pratIta hote haiN| aneka AcArya

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270 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana inhIM cAroM AcAryoM dvArA upasthApita vicAradhArA ke RNI dRSTigocara hote haiN| isalie jaina va jainetara samAja meM inheM adhika prasiddhi prApta huI hai| unake yogagranthoM evaM pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM paraspara sAmya, vaiSamya evaM vaiziSTya isa prakAra hai :yoga : zabdArtha yuj dhAtu se niSpanna 'yoga' zabda ke do artha haiM - 1. 'yujir yoge' se saMyoga (jor3anA) aura 2. 'yuja samAdhau' se samAdhi / pataJjalikRta yogasUtra meM yoga zabda 'samAdhi' artha meM svIkRta hai jabaki jaina-paramparA meM yoga ke 'saMyoga' artha kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra donoM paramparAoM meM yoga ke artha ke sambandha meM bhinnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai parantu sUkSma rUpa se vicAra karane para isa bhinnatA meM bhI samAnatA pratIta hotI hai| yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki 'samAdhi' sAdhya kA aura 'saMyoga' sAdhana kA pratIka hai aura donoM eka dUsare ke pUraka haiN| binA sAdhya ke sAdhana kI aura binA sAdhana ke sAdhya kI siddhi sambhava nahIM hotii| isI dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para maharSi pataJjali ne 'yoga' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| unake yogasUtra meM svIkRta 'yoga' zabda meM sAdhya evaM sAdhana donoM artha grahIta haiN| yama, niyama Adi ATha yogAMgoM meM antima aMga samAdhi jahA~ sAdhya hai, vahA~ samAdhi se pUrvavartI yama, niyama (jisameM kriyAyoga bhI samAhita hai), Asana, prANAyAma Adi sAdhana haiN| ina ATha aMgoM kI samaSTi hI sampUrNa yoga hai| isa prakAra pataJjali dvArA svIkRta 'yoga' samAdhyarthaka hote hue saMyogArthaka (sAdhanapakSa) kA bhI pratIka hai| haribhadrAdi pramukha jainAcAryoM ko bhI paramAtmatattva kI prApti ke sabhI sAdhana 'yoga' zabda se abhipreta haiN| jisaprakAra pataJjali dvArA svIkRta samAdhyarthaka yoga meM saMyogArthaka yoga bhI samAhita hai, usIprakAra haribhadrAdi pramukha jainAcAryoM dvArA grahIta saMyogArthaka yoga meM samAdhyarthaka yoga antarbhUta hai| A0 haribhadra ne mokSa ke hetubhUta sabhI dharmavyApAroM ko 'yoga' kI saMjJA dI aura vaha anya sabhI jainAcAryoM ko abhISTa huii| prAyaH paravartI AcAryoM ne haribhadra kA hI anukaraNa kiyA hai| A0 haribhadra ne samAdhyarthaka yoga kI apekSA saMyogArthaka yoga ko hI kyoM svIkAra kiyA ?' isa prazna ke uttara meM yaha kahanA anucita na hogA ki. A0 haribhadra ke samaya meM yoga kI aneka sAdhana-praNAliyA~ pracalita thIM, isalie unhoMne tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM ke anurUpa sAdhanapakSa para jora denA ucita smjhaa| isake atirikta yoga-yAjJavalkya', yogazikhopaniSada tathA anya vaidika granthoM meM bhI saMyogArthaka yoga zabda svIkRta hai| ataH sambhava hai ki A0 haribhadra para unakA bhI prabhAva par3A ho| yadyapi A0 haribhadra ne yoga ko saMyoga artha meM grahaNa kiyA hai tathApi unake dvArA pratipAdita yogalakSaNa 'mokSa-prApaka dharmavyApAra' meM saMyoga artha (sAdhanapakSa) aura samAdhi artha (sAdhyapakSa) donoM samAhita haiN| ___ A0 zubhacandra evaM A0 hemacandra ne apane samaya meM pracalita tantrayoga, siddhayoga evaM haThayoga kI praNAliyoM se prabhAvita hokara yoga ke sAdhanapakSa ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai, parantu jaina-paramparA se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa unhoMne jaina-paramparA kI ratnatraya evaM dhyAna sAdhanA para vizeSa bala diyA hai| upA0 yazovijaya ne bhI A0 haribhadra kA anusaraNa karate hue yoga ke saMyoga artha ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| 1. yoga-yAjJavalkya, 1/44 2. yogazikhopaniSad, 1/68

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga meM paraspara sAmya-vaiSamya evaM vaiziSTya 271 yoga : lakSaNa maharSi pataJjali ne cittavRttiyoM ke nirodha ko yoga kI saMjJA dI hai, jabaki prAcIna jainAgamoM meM mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyoM ko 'yoga' kahA gayA hai| jainAgamoM meM AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke sandarbha meM 'yoga' zabda kI apekSA 'saMvara' zabda adhika prayukta huA hai| samAdhi, tapa, dhyAna Adi zabdoM kA upayoga 'yoga' ke samAna artha meM huA hai| mokSa ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM jaina-paramparA meM ratnatraya (samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra) ko hI sarvottama upAya mAnA gayA hai| A0 haribhadra ne Agamika zailI ko parivartita kara mokSa se yojana karAne vAle sabhI vizuddha dharmavyApAroM ko yoga' kI saMjJA dI hai| unake isa vyApaka lakSaNa meM sabhI paramparAoM meM pracalita lakSaNoM kA samAveza hojAtA hai| A0 haribhadra kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki unhoMne 'sarvavizuddha dharmavyApAra' rUpa yoga-lakSaNa meM pataJjali ke cittavRttinirodha rUpa yoga ko samAviSTa karake tulanAtmaka dRSTi kA paricaya diyA hai| unake isa vyApaka lakSaNa kI eka vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki jahA~ Agamika paramparA meM yoga kA artha mana, vacana, kAya ke vyApAra rUpa meM hI sImita thA, vahA~ ukta lakSaNa se jainetara-paramparA ke yogadarzana meM svIkRta yoga kA jaina-paramparA meM praveza ho gyaa| isake atirikta A0 haribhadra ke ukta vyApaka yoga-lakSaNa meM jaina-paramparA kI Agamokta ratnatraya-sAdhanA aura usakI anya sahAyaka avAntara kriyAoM kA bhI samAveza ho gayA hai| itanA hI nahIM A0 haribhadra ne jaina Agamika paramparA ke yoga sambandhI sAMsArika pravRttiparaka lakSaNa kA AdhyAtmika yoga se sambandha batAne ke lie samasta kAyika, vAcika evaM mAnasika vyApAroM ke ayoga (nirodha) ko mokSa sAdhaka yoga ke rUpa meM nirUpaNa kiyA hai| nivRttimArgI jaina-paramparA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yaha pratipAdana bhI kiyA hai ki sarvasaMnyAsa (mana, vacana, kAya kI samasta pravRttiyoM kA tyAga) hI yoga kA lakSaNa hai| haribhadra dvArA nirUpita ukta yoga-lakSaNa se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki A0 haribhadra kI dRSTi pAtaJjalayoga meM pratipAdita cittavRttinirodha rUpa yoga tathA jaina-paramparA meM samarthita ayoga va sarvasaMnyAsa rUpa yoga, donoM kA samanvita rUpa prastuta karane kI rahI hai| cittavRttinirodha rUpa yoga meM samprajJAtayoga aura asamprajJAtayoga donoM samAhita haiN| asamprajJAtayoga meM sarvavRttinirodha ho jAtA hai| Ao haribhadra ke 'sarvasaMnyAsayoga' pada se bhI yahI abhipreta hai| ukta tathyoM se A0 haribhadra kI samanvayavAditA spaSTa jhalakatI hai| __ A0 zubhacandra evaM hemacandra ne jaina-paramparA sammata ratnatraya ko mokSa ke hetu rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| vastutaH 'ratnatraya' kA svarUpa itanA vyApaka hai ki usameM sabhI dhArmika vyApAra samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| upA0 yazovijaya ne svasiddhAnta sammata yoga-lakSaNa kA pUrNataH samarthana kiyA hai| unhoMne haribhadrasari dvArA nirUpita yoga lakSaNa ko to svIkAra kiyA, sAtha hI use aura adhika vistRta karate hue samiti, gapti Adi dharmavyApAroM ko bhI yoga maanaa| itanA hI nahIM unhoMne pataJjali dvArA prarUpita yoga-lakSaNa para bhI apanI tArkika dRSTi DAlI tathA usa para samucita uhApoha kiyaa| yaha unakA vizeSa yogadAna kahA jaaegaa| unhoMne apane dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA nAmaka grantha meM pataJjali ke.yoga-lakSaNa para vicAra karate hue usameM doSa dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| pAtaJjalayogasUtra para vRtti likhate samaya unhoMne 'cittavRtti kA nirodha yoga hai' isa lakSaNa ko adhUrA batAyA hai| unake anusAra kliSTa cittavRtiyoM ke nirodha ko yoga kahA jAnA cAhiye / yogadarzana sAMkhyamatAnurUpa puruSa ko kUTaratha nitya mAnatA hai| kUTastha nitya puruSa meM cittavRttinirodha rUpa pariNamana kaise sambhava ho sakatA hai, isa tathya para bhI unhoMne dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA pramukha jainAcAryoM dvArA nirUpita ukta yoga-lakSaNa yadyapi jainetara paramparAoM se bhinna pratIta hote haiM parantu sUkSmadRSTi se vicAra karane para unameM aikya dikhAI detA hai|

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272 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana yoga : bheda maharSi pataJjali ne cittavRttinirodha rUpa yoga ke do bheda kie haiM - samprajJAta aura asmprjnyaat| dUsare zabdoM meM inheM krama se sabIja (sAlambana) aura nirbIja (nirAlambana) yoga/samAdhi bhI kahA gayA hai| citta kI ekAgrAvasthA meM dhyeya vastu kA jJAna banA rahatA hai aura mana ko samAhita karane ke lie kisI na kisI Alambana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| citta kI ukta avasthA samprajJAtayoga/samAdhi kahalAtI hai| samprajJAtayoga/samAdhi ke cAra bheda kie gae haiM -vitarkAnagata, vicArAnagata, AnandAnagata aura asmitaangt| ___jaba citta kI samasta vRttiyoM kA pUrNarUpeNa nirodha ho jAtA hai taba citta kI usa niruddhAvasthA ko asamprajJAtayoga/samAdhi kahA jAtA hai| usameM sAdhaka ko dhyAtA, dhyAna, dhyeya rUpa tripuTI kA bhAna nahIM hotA aura kucha jJeya bhI nahIM rhtaa| citta kI yaha avasthA zAMta evaM saMskArarahita hotI hai| asamprajJAtayoga ke bhI bhavaMpratyaya aura upAyapratyaya do bheda batAe gae haiN| bhavapratyaya to pUrva janma ke saMskAroM se prApta hotA hai ataH upAyapratyaya nAmaka asamprajJAtayoga (samAdhi) hI vAstavika yoga (samAdhi) hai| zraddhA, vIrya, smRti, samAdhi aura prajJA Adi usakI prApti ke upAya haiN| pataJjali dvArA nirUpita ukta yoga-bheda AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI kramikatA ko sacita karate haiN| __ A0 haribhadra ne bhI AdhyAtmika yoga-sAdhanA ke kramika sopAnoM ko saMketita karane ke lie yoga ke vibhinna bheda kie haiN| yogadRSTisamuccaya meM nizcaya evaM vyavahAra naya kI dRSTi se yoga ko do bhAgoM meM tathA sAdhaka dvArA kie jAne vAle dhArmikavyApAroM ke AdhAra para icchA, zAstra evaM sAmarthya Adi tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| yogabindu meM yoga ke adhyAtma, bhAvanA, dhyAna, samatA aura vRttisaMkSaya tathA yogaviMzikA meM sthAna, urNa, varNa, Alambana aura anAlambana Adi pAMca bheda kie gae haiN| yoga-mArga meM sAdhaka kI unnati ke AdhAra para sthAnAdi pAMca yoga-bhedoM ke aneka bheda-prabhedoM kA nirUpaNa bhI huA hai| sthAnAdi pAMca yoga-bhedoM kA bAhya evaM Abhyantara vyApAra se sambandha batAne ke lie unako karmayoga evaM jJAnayoga meM bhI vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| yoga-sAdhanA kA yathArtha prArambha samyagdRSTi se hotA hai| jaba jIva para se anAdikAlIna mithyAtva kA AvaraNa haTa jAtA hai arthAt usakA granthibheda ho jAtA hai taba sAdhaka mokSa-mArga kI vikasita avasthAoM para ArohaNa karane meM samartha hotA hai| isIlie A0 haribhadra ne icchAdi trividha, adhyAtmAdi pAMca tathA sthAnAdi pAMca yoga-bhedoM ko jaina-paramparA ke guNasthAnakrama se jor3ane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| unhoMne spaSTa kahA hai ki ina sAdhanoM kA abhyAsa dezavirati, sarvavirati athavA usase ucca avasthA vAlA jIva hI kara sakatA hai| unhoMne dhyAna kI vibhinna avasthAoM kA sambandha guNasthAna kI vibhinna avasthAoM se karane kA prayAsa bhI kiyA hai| A0 haribhadra ne ukta yoga-bhedoM kI pataJjalikRta yoga-bhedoM se tulanA karate hue sAmya darzAne kA prayatna bhI kiyA hai| unhoMne adhyAtmAdi pAMca yoga-bhedo meM se prathama cAra ko pataJjali ke samprajJAtayoga (samAdhi) tathA antima bheda vRttisaMkSaya ko asamprajJAtayoga (samAdhi) ke sadRza batAyA hai jabaki upA0 yazovijaya ne vRttisaMkSaya nAmaka antima yogabheda meM hI samprajJAta aura asamprajJAta donoM ko samAviSTa kara diyA hai| jaina-paramparAgata sthAnAdi pAMca yoga-bhedoM meM 'sthAna' nAmaka prathama bheda yadyapi pataJjali ke tRtIya yogAMga 'Asana' ke sadRza hai tathApi apekSAkRta adhika vyApaka dRSTikoNa rakhatA hai| 'urNa' evaM 'varNa pataJjali ke japa' ke sadRza haiN| 'Alambana' saptama yogAMga 'dhyAna' se tathA 'anAlambana' AThaveM yogAMga samAdhi se sAmya rakhatA hai| jisa krama se ina sthAnAdi yogoM kI siddhi hotI hai, tadanurUpa unake bheda-prabheda karake A0

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga meM paraspara sAmya-vaiSamya evaM vaiziSTya 273 haribhadra ne vyApaka dRSTikoNa kA paricaya diyA hai| upA0 yazovijaya ne unakA anukaraNa karate hue unake abhimata ko adhika spaSTa rIti se samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| ukta yoga-bhedoM ke nirUpaNa se yaha parilakSita hotA hai ki sAdhanA kI nimnakoTi meM hI bAhya kriyAkANDa kucha mahatva rakhate haiM | sAdhanA kI ucca koTi meM dhyAna kI uttarottara avasthA pallavita hotI jAtI hai aura samasta kriyAkANDa svataH chuTa jAte haiN| yoga-bhedoM kA vividha pariprekSyoM meM nirUpaNa kara A0 haribhadra ne yaha saMketita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki bhAratIya yoga-sAdhanA ke sopAna vividha rUpoM meM varNita kie jA sakate haiN| yoga ke adhikArI ___ pAtaJjala evaM jaina donoM paramparAoM ke anusAra mokSa-prApti ke lie karmabhUmi evaM manuSya yoni meM utpanna honA anivArya hai| jahA~ pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se yoga-sAdhanA ko sabhI manuSyoM kA dharma svIkAra kiyA gayA hai vahA~ jaina-paramparA bhI jainasiddhAnta aura usakI sAdhanA ko sabhI manuSyoM ke lie samAna rUpa se upayogI ghoSita karatI hai| parantu vahA~ mokSa kI prApti kA adhikAra kevala bhavya jIva ko hI pradAna kiyA gayA hai, abhavya jIvoM ko nhiiN| vastutaH jaina-paramparA meM bhavyatva aura abhavyatva kI kalpanA manaSya kI svAbhAvika yogyatA ko dekhakara hI kI gaI hai| jaise mUMga meM koI dAnA aisA hotA hai jise 'koraDu' kahate haiN| isa 'koraDU kA aisA svabhAva hai ki cAhe kitanA bhI prayatna kara liyA jAe parantu vaha pakatA nahIM hai| isIprakAra jo abhavyajIva hotA hai, usameM mukti hone yogya pariNAmoM kI sambhAvanA nahIM hotii| ukta tathya jaina-paramparA kA maulika cintana hai, jo anya paramparAoM se apanA vaiziSTya vyakta karatA hai| yogabindu Adi granthoM meM caramAvartI aura acaramAvartI jIvoM ke rUpa meM yoga ke adhikAriyoM evaM anadhikAriyoM para jo prakAza DAlA gayA hai vaha A0 haribhadra kA apanA maulika cintana hai, jabaki vaha jaina-paramparA ke cirantana siddhAntoM para hI AdhArita hai| sambhavataH ukta vibhAjana dvArA A0 haribhadra pAThakoM ko karmagranthoM ke pAribhASika zabdoM jaise - caramapudagalAvarta Adi kA jJAna aura yoga-sAdhanA ko prAcIna jainakarma-siddhAnta kI paramparA se sambaddha karAnA cAhate the| __ A0 haribhadra ne caramAvartI jIvoM ke rUpa meM jo yogAdhikAriyoM ke lakSaNa batAe haiM unase milatA-julatA varNana vyAsabhASya meM bhI dekhane ko milatA hai, jahA~ mokSa-mArga kI carcA ke zravaNa bhAtra se zarIra meM hone vAle romAMca evaM azrupAta ko yogAdhikArI kA anumApaka cihana batAyA gayA hai| parantu jaina-paramparA kA varNana apekSAkRta adhika manovaijJAnika evaM karmoM kI taratamatA para AdhArita hai| yogAdhikAriyoM ke bhedoM ke viSaya meM pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga donoM kI dRSTi samAna hai| sAdhanA-krama meM kramika pragati va apekSita taratamatA ke AdhAra para A0 haribhadra dvArA apunarbandhaka, samyagdRSTi aura cAritrI ke bheda se kiyA gayA adhikArI-vibhAjana pAtaJjalayoga ke adhama, madhyama evaM uttama - tIna zreNiyoM meM kie gae vibhAjana ke anurUpa hai, jabaki unake lakSaNa evaM svarUpa-varNana meM jaina-paramparA kI maulikatA surakSita hai| yogI-bheda yogI ke vividha prakAroM kA nirUpaNa bhI donoM paramparAoM meM sAdhanA-mArga meM prApta upalabdhi ke tAratamya ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki A0 haribhadra ne pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM varNita caturvidha yogiyoM ke nirUpaNa se prabhAvita hokara hI apane granthoM meM cAra prakAra ke yogiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai| parantu yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki A0 haribhadra ne yogiyoM kI paribhASA kI jo saMghaTanA kI hai vaha

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274 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bilkula navIna hai| kevala kulaYogI kI haribhadrIya avadhAraNA para pAtaJjalayoga sammata bhavapratyaya yogI kI avadhAraNA kA paryApta prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| yogAdhikArI kI prAthamika anivArya yogyatA yogAdhikArI kI prAthamika va anivArya yogyatA ke sambandha meM pataJjali prAyaH mauna haiN| asamprajJAtasamAdhi kI carcA karate hue unhoMne kevala upAyapratyaya adhikArI ke lie hI zraddhA, vIrya, smRti, samAdhi aura prajJA Adi guNa apekSita batAe haiM jinakI tulanA jaina-sAdhanA-mArga ke samyaktva (samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna) se sahaja hI kI jA sakatI hai| aSTAMgayoga ke adhikArI kauna vyakti ho sakate haiM, isakA ullekha pataJjali ne kahIM nahIM kiyaa| isakA kAraNa sambhavataH sabhI vyaktiyoM ko samAna rUpa se yoga kA adhikAra pradAna karane kI mAnyatA ho| yogAdhikArI kI prAthamika va anivArya yogyatA jaina-paramparA meM sarvaprathama A0 haribhadra ko anubhava huii| unhoMne apane sabhI granthoM meM ise bhinna-bhinna zabdoM meM samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| A0 zubhacandra kA jJAnArNava cU~ki sAmAnya vyakti ke lie na hokara uccastarIya sAdhaka arthAt muni ke lie hai isalie unheM isakA varNana karane kI AvazyakatA hI anubhava nahIM huii| A0 hemacandra evaM upA0 yazovijaya ne usakI upayogitA ko samajhakara apane pUrvavartI A0 haribhadra kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| antara itanA hai ki A0 hemacandra ne use 'mArgAnusArI ke guNa' nAma se varNita kiyA hai| pUrvabhUmikA ke rUpa meM A0 haribhadra kI 'pUrvasevA' kI kalpanA bahuta mArmika hai| pUrvasevA' meM guru-devAdi pUjya varga kI sevA, dInajanoM ko dAna, sadAcAra, tapa aura mokSa ke prati adveSa-bhAva Adi laukikadharma samAviSTa haiN| yoga ke sAdhaka ke lie sarvaprathama yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki zAstroM dvArA kevala yoga ke saiddhAntika pakSa kA jJAna hotA hai| yoga ke vyAvahArikapakSa ko jAnane ke lie yogya guru kA sAnnidhya apekSita hai| maharSi pataJjali ne spaSTa rUpa se guru ke sambandha meM kucha nahIM kahA, parantu guru ke rUpa meM Izvara kI sattA ko avazya svIkAra kiyA hai| ___ A0 haribhadra, zubhacandra, hemacandra evaM upA0. yazovijaya ne bhI yoga-mArga ke zikSaka ke rUpa meM guru kI AvazyakatA ko anubhava kiyA hai| parantu A0 haribhadra ne kevala dharma-guru ko guru na mAnakara sabhI vRddha-janoM ke prati guru-bhAva rakhane kA Adeza diyA hai| vRddhajanoM meM mAtA-pitA, kalAcArya, jJAtijana, vipra, vRddha Adi sabhI ko samAviSTa kiyA hai, kyoMki ye sabhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM vyakti kA mArga-nirdezana karate haiN| deva-pUjana kI carcA karate hue kisI eka deva vizeSa kA nAmollekha na karake A0 haribhadra ne sabhI devoM ke prati samAna Adara rakhane kA upadeza dekara bhinna-bhinna sampradAyoM meM devoM ke nAma para hone vAle matabheda ko dUra karane kA sarvasamanvaya sUcaka mArga prazasta kiyA hai| sAdhaka meM tyAga kI bhAvanA utpanna karate hue 'dAna' ko mahatva diyA jAtA hai| parantu A0 haribhadra ne puNya ke lobha meM, apane AzritoM kI upekSA karake binA soce-vicAre dAna dene ko anupayukta batAyA hai| vratoM ke sambandha meM jainetara-paramparA meM pracalita kRcchra-cAndrAyaNAdi vratoM ko bhI yoga kI pUrvabhUmikA meM sthAna diyA hai| apane isa udAra dRSTikoNa se unhoMne yoga ko samyagdarzana kI saMkIrNa paribhASA se Upara 1. yogabindu, 106 2. pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 1/26 3. yogabindu,117, 118

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga meM paraspara sAmya-vaiSamya evaM vaiziSTya 275 uThAne kA prayAsa to kiyA hI hai, sAtha hI yaha darzAne kA bhI prayAsa kiyA hai ki jainetara sAdhanA dvArA bhI siddhatA prApta ho sakatI hai| __bhAvoM kI prazastatA aura aprazastatA ke AdhAra para bhinna-bhinna anuSThAnoM kA varNana bhI A0 haribhadrakI apanI vizeSatA hai| unhoMne yoga-sambandhI bhinna-bhinna anuSThAnoM kA jisa vistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA hai, vaisA anyatra kahIM prApta nahIM hotA aura na hI ve kisI sampradAya-vizeSa se bandhe hue pratIta hote haiN| yoga-sAdhaka ke lie AhAra kA nirdeza karate samaya A0 haribhadra ne jaina aura jainetara, donoM paramparAoM meM sAmajasya sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| jainetara-paramparA meM varNita 'alpAhAra' jaina-paramparAgata sarvasampatkarI bhikSA ke rUpa meM prarUpita kiyA gayA hai| yoga-mArga meM praveza karane vAle sAdhaka ko uparyukta samasta bAtoM kA dhyAna avazya rakhanA caahiye| tabhI vaha yoga rUpI prAsAda ke ucca sopAnoM para car3hane kI sAmarthya prApta kara sakatA hai| jainayoga aura AcAra yoga kA AdhAra AcAra hai isalie pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga, donoM paramparAoM meM AcAra ko pramukhatA pradAna kI gaI hai| cUMki AcAra aura vicAra eka dUsare ke pUraka haiM isalie donoM paramparAoM meM AcAra ko pradhAnatA dene ke sAtha-sAtha vividha dArzanika viSayoM kA AcAra ke sAtha sambandha sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| yoga kA aMtima lakSya mokSa donoM paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se svIkRta hai| jainadarzana meM jise 'mokSa' kahA gayA hai vahI pAtaJjalaya meM 'kaivalya' ke nAma se varNita hai| pAtaJjalayogasatra meM kaivalya-prApti ke lie abhyAsa aura vairAgya, kriyAyoga (tapa, svAdhyAya aura Izvara-praNidhAna) tathA aSTAMgayoga kA vidhAna prastuta hai jabaki jaina-paramparA meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra rUpa ratnatraya kA vivecana hai| ina tInoM meM hI samasta jaina AcAra va tAttvika vivecanA samAhita hai| jaina-paramparA sammata samyagdarzana pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM varNita vivekakhyAti ke samakakSa pratIta hotA hai| jaina-paramparA ke jIvAjIvAdi tattvoM ke sthAna para pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM vyakta aura avyakta tattvoM kA ullekha haA hai| pataJjali ke yogasatra meM cittavattinirodha ke upAyoM meM varNita Izvara-praNidhAna evaM svAdhyAya kI carcA meM samyagdarzana kI hI bhAvanA bIja rUpa meM pratiSThita dikhAI detI hai| samyagdarzana ke pratipakSI bhAva mithyAtva kA svarUpa pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM varNita 'avidyA' ke svarUpa ke samakakSa hai| jaina-paramparAnusAra mithyAtva ke ghora aMdhakAra meM DUbe sabhI vyakti samyagdarzana prApta nahIM kara skte| isa mAnyatA ke viruddha pAtaJjalayoga meM sabhI vyakti samAna rUpa se yoga-sAdhanA ke adhikArI mAne gae haiN| jaina-paramparA meM samyagjJAna ko mokSa kA dvitIya sAdhana mAnA gayA hai jabaki pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM kaivalya prApti hetu nirdiSTa upAyoM meM jJAna kA spaSTataH kahIM ullekha nahIM huA hai| vahA~ samprajJAtasamAdhi ke siddha hone para RtambharA prajJA ke udaya kI jo bAta kahI gaI hai vaha jaina-paramparA ke samyagjJAna se bhinna hai| jaina-paramparA kA jo kevalajJAna (sarvajJatA kI sthiti) hai usakI tulanA pAtaJjalayoga kI vivekakhyAti se kI jA sakatI hai| pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM vivekajJAna se pUrva prAtibhajJAna apara nAma 'tArakajJAna' kA jo ullekha huA hai, use jaina-paramparA ke kevalajJAna se pUrvavartI svAnubhUti yA svasaMvedana jJAna ke samakakSa mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaina-paramparA meM bhI paravartI kAla meM isa svasaMvedana jJAna ko prAtibhajJAna' kI saMjJA dI

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276 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jAne lgii| isaprakAra pAtaJjalayogasammata 'tArakajJAna aura jaina-paramparA sammata prAtibhajJAna kI ekatA saMgata hotI hai| jainadarzana meM varNita vastu kI utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpa triguNAtmakatA kA saMketa pataJjali-praNIta yogasUtra meM dharma aura dharmI, AkRti aura dravya nAma se prApta hotA hai| samyakcAritra jaina mokSa-mArga kA antima va pramukha sAdhana hai| jainamatAnusAra binA AcaraNa (samyakcAritra) ke jJAna paripUrNa nahIM hotA, usakA koI mahatva nahIM hotaa| jJAna ke vikAsa ke lie AcaraNa Avazyaka hai aura AcaraNa ke lie jJAna / jJAna aura kriyA kI saMyukta sAdhanA se hI sAdhya kI siddhi hotI hai, anyathA nhiiN| pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM bhI aSTAMgayoga ke antargata sarvaprathama yama-niyama ko cAritra-nirmANa ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM citrita kara AcAra-cAritra ko mahattA pradAna kI gaI hai| jaina-paramparAgata cAritra-varNana pataJjali ke yama-niyama se adhika vyApaka hai| vahA~ gahastha evaM sAdha ke lie pRthaka-pRthak AcAra kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| inameM nimna bhUmikA gRhastha kI hai| usase Upara kI bhUmikA muni kI hai| gRhastha jahA~ vratoM kA AMzika rUpa se pAlana karatA huA vyAvahArika jIvana yApana meM AdhyAtmika samAdhAna kI AkAMkSA karatA hai vahA~ muni vratoM kA sarvataH pAlana karate hue pUrNa tyAga-bhAva se AdhyAtmika vikAsa karatA hai| A0 hemacandra ne pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM varNita yama-niyamAdi aMgoM ko gRhasthadharma aura sAdhudharma kahA hai| jaina zrAvaka apane AcAra-vicAra ke paripAlana se sAdhutva.taka pahu~ca sakatA hai aura sAdhvAcAra ke samyak paripAlana se mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai| cAritra kI dRr3hatA evaM sampannatA ke lie jainadarzana meM vibhinna vratoM, kriyAoM, vidhiyoM, niyamoM-upaniyamoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, jinameM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha Adi pAMca mUlabhUta vratoM ko vizeSa sthAna prApta hai| ye hI pAMca vrata yogadarzana meM pAMca yamoM ke rUpa meM varNita haiN| ina pAMca yamoM kI sArvabhaumikatA tathA avicchinnatA jainayoga meM prayukta pAMca mahAvratoM kA hI rUpa hai| donoM darzanoM meM uparyukta vratoM ke sambandha meM yaha bhinnatA hai ki jainadarzana ke vrata apekSAkRta adhika kaThora haiN| jaina-paramparA meM niyamoM ke antargata sva ke anuzAsana ke lie dravya, kSetra, kAla kI maryAdA sahita guNavrata, zikSAvrata Adi dhAraNa karane kA nirdeza prApta hotA hai| guNavratoM kA vidhAna aNuvratoM kI rakSA evaM vikAsa ke nimitta huA hai| ye saba pataJjali ke dvitIya yogAMga niyama ke hI pratirUpa haiN| isIlie upA0 yazovijaya ne pataJjali ke niyamoM kI jaina-paramparA sammata vyAkhyA bhI prastuta kI hai| jaina-paramparA meM varNita daza dharmoM meM saMyama aura tapadharma pAtaJjalayoga meM svIkRta pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi se sAmya rakhate haiN| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki jainAcAra atyanta manovaijJAnika paddhati para. AdhArita hai| AcAra kA itanA sUkSma vivecana anyatra durlabha hai| A0 zubhacandra ne prAcIna jainetara yoga-paramparA meM pracalita aSTAMgayoga evaM SaDaMgayoga kA ullekha to kiyA hai, parantu vivecana karate samaya yama-niyama ko chor3akara zeSa cha: aMgoM ko hI grahaNa kiyA hai| yoga ke tRtIya aMga 'Asana' kA sAmAnya sambandha zArIrika sAdhanA se hai| zarIra ko sthira karane se mAnasika sthiratA lAne meM saralatA hotI hai| prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna Adi yogAMgoM ke sucArU rUpa se abhyAsa ke lie bhI zarIra kI sthiratA va nIrogatA anivArya hai| isalie pAtaJjala evaM jaina donoM yoga-paramparAoM meM 'Asana' ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| jainayoga-paramparA meM 'Asana' ke lie 'sthAna' zabda prayukta haA hai jo Asana kI apekSA adhika vyApaka hai| jainagranthoM meM citta kI sthiratA heta kisa Asana kA abhyAsa kiyA jAe, kisa kA nahIM, aisA koI niyama pratipAdita nahIM kiyA gyaa| isalie A0

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga meM paraspara sAmya-vaiSamya evaM vaiziSTya zubhacandra evaM A0 hemacandra ne jisa-jisa Asana kA prayoga karane se mana sthira hotA ho, usI Asana kA upayoga yoga-sAdhanA meM apekSita batAyA hai| A0 zubhacandra, hemacandra evaM upA0 yazovijaya ne kucha AsanoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai jo una para haThayoga ke prabhAva pradarzita karatA hai| jainayoga meM prANAyAma se zvAsa-prazvAsa kA nirodha artha abhipreta nahIM hai| vahA~ prANAyAma se bhAva-prANAyAma artha liyA gayA hai| A0 zubhacandra evaM hemacandra ne jahA~ prANAyAma kA mokSa-sAdhanA ke rUpa meM niSedha kiyA hai vahA~ dhyAna kI siddhi tathA mana ko ekAgra karane ke lie usakI AvazyakatA bhI anubhava kI hai| upA0 yazovijaya ne to spaSTataH prANAyAma kA niSedha kiyA hai| unake anusAra prANAyAma se na to indriyoM para vijaya prApta hotI hai aura na hI citta kA nirodha ho sakatA hai kyoMki haThapUrvaka prANa kA nirodha karane se yoga-sAdhanA meM vighna utpanna hotA hai / 'pratyAhAra' jainaparamparAgata pratisaMlInatA tapa ke samakakSa hai / pAtaJjala evaM jaina, donoM paramparAoM meM indriyoM kI svAbhAvika pravRtti kA nirodha kara use antarmukhI karane para jora diyA gayA hai| parantu upA0 yazovijaya ne pataJjali dvArA indriyoM ke nirodha ko unakI paramAvazyakatA kA upAya svIkAra karane para AkSepa kiyA hai| 277 sAdhanA kA krama jo lupta ho gayA thA, usakA cintana kara A0 zubhacandra evaM hemacandra ne dhAraNAoM kI kalpanA kI / sAlambana dhyAna para dhAraNA kA cintana kiyA jAtA hai| ina dhAraNAoM kA cintana vaidikaparamparA' evaM haThayoga- paramparA se prabhAvita pratIta hotA hai| prAcIna jaina- paramparA meM ullikhita "ekAgramanaH sannivezanA" zabda dhAraNA se pUrNa sAmya rakhatA hai| jainayoga meM dhyAna kA apanA viziSTa sthAna hai| vahA~ dhyAna kA kSetra itanA vistRta hai ki vaha apane svarUpa meM hI dhAraNA aura samAdhi ke svarUpa ko samAviSTa kara letA hai pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM dhAraNA aura samAdhi se kucha sImA taka bhinna aura svatantra rUpa se dhyAna kA vivecana huA hai| A0 zubhacandra aura hemacandra ne jaina - paramparA ke dhyAnoM kA varNana to kiyA hI hai sAtha hI haThayoga-paramparA ke padastha, piNDastha, rUpastha, aura rUpAtIta dhyAnoM kA bhI jainamatAnusAra vivecana kiyA hai| dhyAna kI hI utkRSTa sthiti samAdhi hai| jainadarzana meM pAtaJjalayogasUtra kI bhAMti pRthak rUpa se samAdhi kA yogAMga ke rUpa meM citraNa adhika nahIM miltaa| jainadarzana meM samAdhi ko dhyAna rUpa hI mAnA gayA hai / A0 haribhadrAdi sabhI pramukha jainAcAryoM ne pRthaktvavitarka- savicAra' aura 'ekatvavitarka- avicAra' nAmaka do zukladhyAnoM ko pAtaJjalayogasammata samprajJAtasamAdhi tathA 'sUkSmakriyApratipAtI' aura samucchinnakriyAnivRtti nAmaka do zukladhyAnoM ko yoga kI asamprajJAtasamAdhi ke sadRza batAkara donoM paramparAoM meM samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa darzAne kA prayAsa kiyA I AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama Atmika vikAsa kI pUrNatA jIva ko sahasA hI upalabdha nahIM hotii| isake lie use nirantara prayAsa karanA par3atA hai| vikAsa ke kramAnusAra uttarottara sambhAvita sAdhanoM ko sopAna paramparA kI taraha prApta karatA huA jIva anta meM mokSa prApta karatA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke krama meM prArambha se lekara anta taka kI sabhI avasthAe~ samAviSTa ho jAtI haiN| maharSi pataJjali ke yogasUtra meM isa AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA 1. 2. zANDilyopaniSad (upaniSad saMgraha), 1 / 70 gorakSasaMhitA 2/53-56

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278 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana varNana kSiptAdi pAMca bhamikAoM ke rUpa meM huA hai. jabaki jaina Agamika paramparA meM AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama kA varNana 14 guNasthAnoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA gayA hai| kucha svatantra cintakoM ne trividha AtmA athavA trividha upayoga - ina tIna sopAnoM meM hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA krama nirUpita kiyA hai| A0 haribhadra ne ukta vividha nirUpaNoM se pRthaka svatantra rUpa se AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke kramika sopAnoM kA nirUpaNa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| __ A0 haribhadra ne avikAsa avasthA ko oghadRSTi tathA vikAsa kI avasthAoM ko sadRSTi ke nAma se abhihita kara kramAnusAra sadadRSTi ke ATha bheda kiye haiN| ATha yogadRSTiyoM meM se prathama cAra dRSTiyA~ yadyapi vikAsazIla haiM tathApi unameM ajJAna va moha kA prAbalya rahatA hai| pazcAtvartI cAra dRSTiyoM meM jJAna tathA cAritra kI prabalatA hotI hai kyoMki ajJAna tathA moha kSINa ho jAte haiN| isaprakAra prakArAntara se yaha guNasthAnoM kA hI nirUpaNa hai| A0 haribhadra dvArA adhyAtmAdi evaM sthAnAdi pAMca yogabhedoM ko AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama ke sopAna rUpa meM svIkAra karane para pataJjali ke ATha yogAMga bhI AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke kramika sopAnoM meM hI gine jAne caahiye| kyoMki vahA~ bhI eka ke siddha hone para hI dUsare kI upayogitA darzAyI gaI hai| sambhavataH yahI kAraNa hai ki A0 haribhadra ne ATha yogadRSTiyoM kI tulanA pataJjali ke ATha yogAMgoM se kI hai| ___ A0 haribhadra ne apane yogagranthoM meM samyaktva ko ucca sthAna diyA hai| loka-vyavahAra ke dharma-vyApAroM kA AcaraNa karane se sAdhaka kA dRSTikoNa Atmonmukha bana jAtA hai| isIlie unhoMne dRSTi ke parimArjana ke cAra stara banAe haiN| usake pazcAt samyaktva prApta hotA hai| prathama dRSTi meM jIva yamoM ke prati kevala niSThAvAna banatA hai usakA pAlana nahIM krtaa| dhIre-dhIre vaha usakA sthUla dRSTi se pAlana karanA prArambha karatA hai| sUkSma dRSTi se yamoM kA pAlana 'pratyAhAra' nAmaka pAMcaveM yogAMga meM hI sadhatA hai| isIprakAra prathama dRSTi meM 'yama' to sadhatA hai para 'aNuvrata' nhiiN| vastataH pataJjali kA aSTAMgayoga aise vyaktiyoM ke lie nirdhArita prakriyA hai jisa ne kabhI yoga-sAdhanA nahIM kii| caMki yoga kI prArambhika avasthA meM jIva yama-niyamoM ke prati niSThAvAna banatA hai isalie pataJjali ne yama-niyama ko yoga kI AdhArabhUmi ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| ___ yadi pataJjali ke yama aura jainadarzana ke vrata ko sadRza mAnA jAe to yaha anupayukta hogA kyoMki donoM meM bahuta antara hai| jainadarzana ke vrata samyagdarzana arthAt yathArtha zraddhAna se yukta hote haiN| sAtha hI unake vratoM kA pAlana eka sAmAnya vyakti ke lie bahuta kaThina hai| yahI nahIM, asambhava bhI hai| prArambha meM hI koI vyakti jainadarzana sammata vratoM kA pAlana karane meM samartha nahIM ho sktaa| isIlie A0 haribhadra ne ukta vratoM ke pAlana se pUrva 'pUrvasevA' kA nirdhAraNa kiyA hai aura apane anya yoga-granthoM meM pRthak-pRthaka nAmoM se ullikhita kara usakI AvazyakatA para bala diyA hai| ukta pUrvasevA pataJjali ke yama-niyama se sAdRzya rakhatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki A0 haribhadra ne pataJjali ke yogAMgoM para sUkSma dRSTi se vicAra kara unakI tulanA yogadRSTiyoM se kI hai| A0 zubhacandra ne prAcIna jaina AgamoM tathA pUrvavartI Agamottara granthoM kA anusaraNa karate hue AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI guNasthAna-paramparA ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai tathA AgamottaravartI svatantra cintakoM dvArA nirUpita trividha AtmA tathA trividha upayoga kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| A0 hemacandra ne prAcIna jainAgamoM kI guNasthAna-paramparA kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai aura AgamottaravartI trividha AtmA kI vyAkhyA bhI prastuta kI hai isake atirikta svAnubhava ke AdhAra para mana kI vikSipta,

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga meM paraspara sAmya-vaiSamya evaM vaiziSTya 279 yAtAyAta, zliSTa aura sulIna, ina cAra avasthAoM kA nirUpaNa bhI kiyA hai jo unakI nijI va maulika kalpanA hai| upA0 yazovijaya ne bhI guNasthAna-paramparA kA hI Azraya grahaNa kiyA hai tathA AgamottaravartI trividha AtmAoM kA citraNa bhI prastuta kiyA hai| isake atirikta unhoMne A0 haribhadra kA anukaraNa kara unake grantho meM varNita AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke vividha vargIkaraNa ko adhika spaSTa karane kA prayAsa bhI kiyA hai| unakI yaha vizeSatA hai ki unhoMne pAtaJjalayoga-paramparA meM varNita citta kI kSiptAdi pAMca bhUmioM kA jaina-paramparAnusAra varNana kara donoM meM sAmya darzAyA hai| ___ yoga-sAdhanA ke pariNAmasvarUpa prApta hone vAlI siddhiyA~ yadyapi yoga-sAdhanA meM vighna hotI haiM tathApi sAdhaka ke AtmavizvAsa kI vRddhi meM bhI sahAyaka hotI haiN| isIlie pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga-paramparA meM yogaja-siddhiyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| varNana-zailI meM bhinnatA hote hae bhI mUlataH unameM koI bheda nahIM hai| donoM paramparAoM meM sAdhaka ko siddhiyoM ke prati anAsakta bhAva rakhate hue yoga-mArga meM Age bar3hane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai, tabhI sAdhaka antima lakSya mokSa ko prApta karane meM saphala ho sakatA hai|

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sandarbha grantha sUcI OM sie saMskRta evaM prAkRta grantha akalaMkagranthatraya - akalaMkadeva, (saMpA0) mahendra kumAra, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, vi0 saM0 1666 adhyAtmakamalamArtaNDa - kavi rAjamala, mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA, vi0 saM0 1663 adhyAtmakamalamArtaNDa - rAjamala, jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1637 __ adhyAtmakalpadruma - muni sundarasUri, nirNaya sAgara mudraNAlaya, baMbaI, san 1666 adhyAtmakalpadruma - munisundarasUri, zrIvarddhamAna satyanIti harSasUri jainagranthamAlA, ahamadAbAda,1638 adhyAtma taraMgiNI - somadeva, ahiMsA mandira, dillI, 1660 7. adhyAtmamata parIkSA - yazovijaya, zrI AdIzvara jaina Taimpala TrasTa muMbaI, 1684 adhyAtmarahasya - paM0 AzAdhara, vIrasevA mandira, dillI, sana 1657 adhyAtmasAra - yazovijaya, zrInirgrantha sAhitya-prakAzana saMgha, dillI, 1676 adhyAtmasAra, adhyAtmopaniSada, jJAnasAraprakaraNaratnatrayI - yazovijaya, kezarabAI jJAnabhaMDAra, jAma nagara, vi0 saM0 1664 11. adhyAtmasAra - yazovijaya, adhyAtma jJAna prasAraka maNDala, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1664. adhyAtmopaniSad - yazovijaya, kezarabAI jJAnabhaNDAra, jAma nagara, vi0 saM0 1664 13. anagAradharmAmRta - AzAdhara, (saMpA0) kailAzacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1677 anuttaraupapAtikadazA - Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1681 15. anuyogadvArasUtra - (anu0) AtmArAma, lAlA murArIlAla caraNadAsa, paTiyAlA, 1631 16. anuyogadvArasUtra - Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1624 gadvAraTIkA - haribhadra, zrIRSabhadevajI kezarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, vi0saM01628 18. anuyogadvAraTIkA - maladhAragacchIya hemacandra, Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, I0 1624 16. anuyogadvAracUrNi - jinadAsagaNi mahattara, zrI RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, vi0 saM0 1628 20. anekAntajayapatAkA - haribhadra, oriyanTala insTIcyUTa, bar3audA, 1640 21. anekAntavyavasthA prakaraNa - yazovijaya, jaina grantha prakAzana sabhA, rAjanagara, vi0 saM0 1666 22. abhidharmakoza - vasubandhu, kAzI vidyApITha, vArANasI, vi0 saM0 1688 23. abhidharmakozam (svopajJa bhASya sahita) - vasubandhu, bauddha bhAratI, vArANasI, 1971 24. abhidhAnacintAmaNikoza - hemacandra, zreSThi devacandra lAlabhAI pustakoddhAra saMsthA, 1646 25. abhidhAna rAjendra koza (bhAga 1-7) - vijayarAjendrasUri, zrI abhidhAna rAjendra koza prakAzana saMsthA, ratalAma, 1668 / / 26. amitagatizrAvakAcAra - amitagati, anantakIrti digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1676 27. aSTakaprakaraNa - haribhadra, jainagrantha prakAzaka samiti, rAjanagara, 1637 181 |

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saMdarbha grantha sUcI 281 28. aSTapAhur3a- kundakundAcArya, anantakIrtimANikacandra granthamAlA, bambaI, 1653 aSTasahasrI - vidyAnanda, nirNayasAgara presa. bambaI. 1615 30. aSTasahastrItAtparyavivaraNama - yazovijaya, jaina grantha prakAzana sabhA, bhAvanagara, I0 1637 31. AdinAthastotra - jainagrantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, baMbaI / 32. AdipurANa - jinasena, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1951 33. AcArasAra - vIranandi saiddhAntika cakravartI, mA0 di0 jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1674 34. AcArAMgasUtram (prathama va dvitIya zrutaskandha) - siddhacakra sAhitya pracAraka samiti, mumbaI, vi0 saM0 1635 35. AcArAMgasUtram (prathama va dvitIya zrutaskandha) - Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1982 36. AcArAgasUtram - Agamodaya samiti, gopI purA, sUrata, 1657 37. AcArAMgasUtraM sUtrakRtAGgasUtraM ca (zrI bhadrabAhusvAmIkRta niyukti evaM zIlAMkAcAryakRta TIkA sahita)- bhadrabAhu, motIlAla banArasIdAsa iNDolaoNjika TrasTa, dillI, 1678 38. AcArAMgacUrNi - jinadAsa gaNi, zrI RSabhadeva kesarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma 36. AtmAnuzAsana - guNabhadra, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, 1673 40. AtmAnuzAsana - guNabhadra, (saMpA0) phUlacanda zAstrI, gaNezavarNI di0 jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, 1683 41. AptaparIkSA - A0 vidyAnandi, vIra sevA mandira TrasTa, I0 1646 42. AyAro - (saMpA0) AcArya tulasI, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, rAjasthAna, 1674 43. ArAdhanAsAra - devasena, mA0 di0 jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1673 44. AvazyakacUrNi- zrI Agamodaya prakAzana samiti, 1617 45. Avazyakaniyukti - bhadrabAhu, Agamodaya samiti, mehasAnA, 1617 46. Avazyakaniyukti vRtti - haribhadra, Agamodaya samiti, mehasAnA, 1617 AvazyakavRtti - haribhadra, devacandra lAlabhAI pustakoddhAra phaMDa, sUrata, 1676 AvazyakasUtra - (saMpA0) mahAsatI suprabhA, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1685 46. AvazyakasUtra (malayagiri TIkA sahita) - Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1628 50. AvazyakasUtra - (vyA0) AtmArAma, jasavaMta rAya jainI, lAhaura, 1605 51. AvazyakasUtravRtti - malayagiri, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra phaMDa, sUrata, 1636 52. ArSabhIyacaritra mahAkAvyam, vijayollAsa mahAkAvyam tathA siddhasahasranAma kozaH - yazovijaya, yazobhAratI jaina prakAzana samiti, bambaI, 1676 53. iSTopadeza - devanandi (aparanAma pUjyapAda), paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, bambaI, 1654 54. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (bRhadvRtti) - zAntyAcArya, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, bambaI, 1616-17 55. uttarAdhyayana - (anu0) AtmArAmajI mahArAja, jaina zAstramAlA kAryAlaya, lAhaura, 1642 56. uttarAdhyayana - (saMpA0) rAjendramuni zAstrI, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1981 57. upadezapada - haribhadra, zrImanmuktikamala jaina mohana mAlA, bar3audA, vi0 saM0 1676 58. upadeza rahasya - yazovijaya, muni zrIcandrasekharajI kamala prakAzana, ahamadAbAda vi0 saM0 2023 56. upaniSatsaMgraha - (saMpA0) jagadIzalAla zAstrI, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1680 upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA (bhAga 1, 2) - siddharSi, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, bambaI, 1618, 1620 xc.

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pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 61. upAsakadazAMgasUtra - ( saMpA0) madhukara muni, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1680 62. upAsakadazAMgam (abhayadevAcArya vihita vivaraNa sahita) Agamodaya samiti, mehasAnA, 1620 63. upAsakadazAMgasUtram - (anu0) AtmArAma, AtmArAma jaina prakAzana samiti, ludhiyAnA, 1664 somadeva sUri, (saMpA0 ) kailAzacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1664 zrI rAma zarmA, saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI, 1662 upAsakAdhyayana 64. 65. Rgveda 66. aindrastuticaturviMzikA (svopajJavivaraNa sahita) yazovijaya, AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1684 67. aupapAtikasUtra - ( saMpA0 ) chaganalAla zAstrI, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 168.2 68. kundakundaprAbhRtasaMgraha - kailAzacandra, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, 1660 66. kumArapAlacaritrasaMgraha - jinavijaya muni, siMghI jaina zAstra vidyApITha, bambaI, 1656 70. karmagrantha - devendrasUri, zrI varddhamAna sthAnakavAsI jaina dhArmika zikSA samiti, bar3auta / 71. karmagrantha ( bhAga 1- 6 ) - devendrasUri (saMpA0) sukhalAla, AtmAnanda jaina pustaka pracAraka maNDala, 282 - AgarA, 1918 - 22 72. karmaprakRti - nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI, (saMpA0) hIrAlAla zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1664 73. karmaprakRtiTIkA- yazovijaya, muktAbAI jJAna mandira, gujarAta, 1637 74. kalpasUtra bhadrabAhu (saMpA0) muni devendra kumAra, zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura, 1685 75. kaSAyapAhuDa (jayadhavalA TIkA sahita) guNadhara, jaina saMgha, mathurA, 1644 76. kahAvalI - bhadrezvara, (amudrita), pATana jaina grantha bhaNDAra, pATana 77. kAvyAnuzAsana - hemacandra, (saMpA0 ) paM0 zivadatta zarmA evaM kAzInAtha pANDuraMga, meharacanda lakSmaNadAsa pablikezansa, 1986 78. kArttikeyAnuprekSA (zubhacandra kRta TIkA sahita) svAmi kArttikeya, rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, agAsa, vi0 saM0 2016 76. kumArapAlacaritasaMgraha - (saMpA0 ) muni jinavijaya, siMghI jaina zAstra vidyApITha, bambaI, 1956 80. kumArapAla pratibodha - somaprabhasUri, (saMpA0) muni jinavijaya, sainTrala lAyabrerI, bar3audA, 1620 kuvalayamAlAkahA (bhAga 1, 2) - udyotanasUri, (saMpA0) AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI, 1656, 1670 81. 82. khaMDanakhaMDakhAdya - yazovijaya, caukhambA saMskRta sIrija, vArANasI, 1966 83. gaNadharavAda jinabhadra gaNi, rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna evaM samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura, 1682 84. gItA ( zrImadbhagavadgItA) gItApresa gorakhapura, vi0 saM0 2028 85. guNasthAnakramAroha - ratnazekharasUri, Agamatilaka grantha sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 1975 86. guhyasamAjataMtra - (saMpA0) esa vAgcI, mithilA vidyApITha, darabhaMgA, bihAra, 1665 87. gurvAvalI - muni sundarasUri, zrI yazovijaya jainagranthamAlA, vi0 saM0 2437 88. gurutattvavinizcaya - yazovijaya jaina sAhitya vikAsa maNDala, 1685 86. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ) - nemicandra, paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, bambaI, 1627 60. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa ) - nemicandra, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, 1628 gorakSa saMhitA - (saMpA0) camanalAla gautama, saMskRti saMsthAna khvAjA, barelI, 1682 gheraNDasaMhitA (saMpA0) camanalAla gautama, saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA, barelI, 1681 61. 62. - - - - --

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saMdarbha grantha sUcI 283 63. caturviMzatiprabaMdha - rAjazekhara, zrI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA, bambaI, 1632 64. jambUsvAmIrAsa - yazovijaya, (saMpA0) ramaNalAla zAha , seTha nagInabhAI maMchubhAI jaina sAhityanoddhAra phaNDa, sUrata, 1661 65. jinaratnakoza (bhAga 1) - haridAmodara belaNakara, bhaNDArakara prAcya vidyA saMzodhana mandira, pUnA, 1644 66. jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra (bhAga 1, 2) - (saMpA0) rAjendramuni, zrIAgama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1680 67. jIvAbhigama (malayagirivRtti sahita) - bambaI, 1616 68. tarkabhASA - yazovijaya, (saMpA0) sukhalAla saMghavI, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, 1638 66. jainayogagrantha-catuSTaya - A0 haribhadra, (saMpA0) chaganalAla zAstrI, muni hajArImala smRti prakAzana, byAvara, 1982 100. jainendra siddhAnta koza (bhAga 1-4) - kSullaka jinendra varNI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1982 101. jainastotrasandoha - caturavijayamuni, sArAbhAI maNilAla navAba, ahamadAbAda, 1632 102. jJAtAdharmakathAMgasUtra - (saMpA0) yuvAcArya madhukara muni, zrIAgama prakAzana samiti, byAvara. 1681 103. jJAnabinduprakaraNa - yazovijaya, siMghI jaina granthamAlA kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda, 1642 104. jJAnasAra - padma siMha, (vyA0) trilokacanda, digambara jaina pustakAlaya kApaDiyA bhavana, sUrata, vI0 ni0 saM0 2470 105. jJAnasAra - muni padmanandi, digambara jaina pustakAlaya, kApar3iyA bhavana, sUrata, vI0ni0 saM0 2670 106. jJAnasAra - yazovijaya, AtmAnanda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara, san 1622 107. jJAnasAra aSTaka - yazovijaya, omaprakAza jaina pratApa mArkiTa, dillI, 1968 108. jJAnArNava - zubhacandra (saMpA0) bAlacandra zAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, san 1677 106. jJAnArNava - zubhacandra, zrI paramuzruta prabhAvaka maMDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama agAsa, vi0 saM0 2037 110. tatyAnuzAsana - rAmasena, (saMpA0) jugalakizora mukhtAra, vIrasevA mandira, TrasTa, dillI, 1663 111. tattvArthabhASyavRtti - haribhadra, devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra phaMDa, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1682 112. tattvArthasUtra - umAsvAti, (vive0), paM. sukhalAla, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1676 113. tatyArthasUtra (mokSazAstra) - umAsvAti, brahmacArI mUlazaMkara desAI, jayapura, 1656 114. tattvArtharAjavArtika - akalaMkadeva, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, banArasa, 1644 115. tattvArthavArtika (bhAga - 1, 2) - akalaMkadeva, (saMpA0), mahendra kumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1982 116. tattvArthavRti - zrIzrutasAgarasUri, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1646 117. tattvArthavRti (sukhabodhinI TIkA) - bhAskaranandi, maisUra vizvavidyAlaya, maisUra, 1644 118. tattvArthazlokavArtika - vidyAnandi, nirNayasAgara, yantrAlaya, bambaI, 1618 116. tattvArthasAra - amRtacandra sUri, nirNaya sAgara yantrAlaya, bambaI, 1605 120. tattvArthAdhigamasUtram - umAsvAti, aiziyATika sosAiTI, kalakattA, 1605 121. tantrasAra - abhinava gupta, zrI nagara mahArAjA, jammU eMDa kAzmIra sTeTa, 1618 122. tantrAloka - abhinava gupta, kazmIra saMskRta granthAvali, graMthAMka 23, 1675 123. tarkabhASA - kezavamizra, bhaNDArakara oriyanTala risarca iMsTITyUTa, pUnA, 1676 124. tarkasaMgraha - annambhaTa, haridAsa saMskRta granthamAlA, vArANasI, 1666

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284 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 125. tilloyapaNNatti (bhAga 1-3) - A0 yativRSabha, zrI bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina mahAsabhA, 1984 126. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita - hemacandra, (saMpA0) muni caraNavijaya, AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara,1650, 127. dattAtreyayogazAstra - (saMpA0) brahmamitra avasthI, svAmI kezavAnanda yoga saMsthAna, dillI, 1682 128. dasakAliyasuttaM (bhadrabAhu viracita niyukti evaM agastyasiMha viracita cUrNi sahita) -- (saMpA0) muni puNyavijaya, prAkRta grantha pariSad, ahamadAbAda 1673 126. dasaveAliyaM - (saMpA0) muni nathamala, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, 1674 130. dazavaikAlikacUrNi- jinabhadra gaNi, zrI RSabhadevajI kesarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, 1633 131. dazavaikAlikasUtra - zrIAgama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, san 1985. 132. dazavaikAlikasUtra (haribhadra va samayasundara kRta TIkA sahita) - bhImajI mANika, bambaI, 1600 133. dazavaikAlikasatrama - (ana0) AtmArAma, jaina zAstramAlA kAryAlaya, lAhaura, 1646 134. dazavaikAlikasUtram (bhadrabAhukRta niyukti tathA haribhadrakRta vRtti yukta) - haribhadra, devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra phaMDa, bambaI, 1618 135. dazavaikAlikasUtram - (TIkAkAra) haribhadrasUri, bhAratIya prAcya tattva prakAzana samiti, piMDavADA, vi0 saM0 2037 136. dazAzrutaskandhasUtram - bhadrabAhu, jainazAstramAlA kAryAlaya, lAhaura, 1636 137. darpadalana - (saMpA0) brahmamitra avasthI evaM suSamA aror3A, indu prakAzana, dillI, 1674 138. dvAdazAnuprekSA (bArasANupekkhA) - kundakundAcArya, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 1986 136. dvAtriMzaddvAtriMzikA - yazovijaya, jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1666 140. dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA - siddhasena, jaina dharmaprasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1665 141. dravyasaMgraha - nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI, (saMpA0) darabArI lAla koThiyA, zrI gaNeza prasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, 1666 142. dhavalA - vIrasena, amarAvatI, 1636-50 143. dhammapada - (saMpA0) zrI satkArivarmA, caukhambA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI, 1683, 144. dharmaparIkSA - amitagati, (anu0) bAlacandra, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 1678 145. dharmaparIkSA (svopajJa vivaraNa sahita) - yazovijaya, zrI hemacandrAcArya sabhA, pATaNa, 1622 146. dharmabinduprakaraNa - haribhadra, Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1624 147. dharmabinda - haribhadra, hindI jaina sAhitya pracAraka maNDala, 1651 148. dharmasaMgraha (bhAga 1-2)- mAnavijaya, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra saMsthA, bambaI, 1615, 1618 146: dharmasaMgrahaNI (malayagiri vRtti sahita) - haribhadra, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra saMsthA, bambaI, 1616 150. dhyAnadIpikA - sakalacandra, somacandra zAha, ahamadAbAda, 1616 151. dhyAnadIpikA - devendranandi, adhyAtmajJAna prasAraka maNDala, san 1626 152. dhyAnazataka (haribhadravRtti sahita) evaM dhyAnastava (bhAskaranandi) - (saMpA0) bAlacandra siddhAnta zAstrI, vIrasevA mandira, dillI, 1676, 153. dhyAnazataka - jinabhadragaNi, vinayasundara-granthamAlA, jAmanagara, vi0 saM0 1647 154. dhyAnazAstra - rAmasenAcArya, vIra sevA mandira TrasTa, dillI, 1665 155. dhyAnastava - bhAskaranandi, (saMpA0) sujuko ohirA, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1673

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saMdarbha grantha sUcI 285 156. nayarahasyaprakaNam - yazovijaya, jaina grantha prakAzaka sabhA, ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 2003 157. navatattvaprakaraNa - (vive0) bhagavAna harakhacaMda, zrI hemacandrAcArya jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, 1628 158. naMdIsUtram (durgapada vyAkhyA evaM vRtti sahita) - (saMpA0) puNyavijaya, prAkRta grantha pariSad, vArANasI, 1666 156. naMdIsUtram (malayagiri vRtti sahita) - devarddhigaNi, Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1624 160. nandIsUtravRtti - haribhadra, RSabhadevajI kesarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, 1628 161. nandIsUtram (cUrNi sahita) - haribhadra, prAkRta grantha pariSad, vArANasI, 1966 162. nAyAdhammakahAo - (saMpA0) candrasAgarasUri, sAhitya pracAraka samiti, bambaI, 1651 163. nAradasaMhitA - mahAmuni nArada, caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1984 164. zrInAradIya mahApurANa - vedavyAsa, nAga pablizarsa dillI, 1684 165. niyamasAra - kundakunda, (saMpA0) zItalaprasAda, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, 1617 166. nizIthasUtram (jinadAsa mahattara kRta cUrNi sahita) -- sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1982 167. naiSadhIyacaritam - zrIharSa, nirNaya sAgara, bambaI, 1633 168. nyAyakumudacandra - prabhAcandrAcArya, (saMpA0) mahendra kumAra, zrI satguru pablikezansa, dillI, 1661 166. nyAyakhaNDanakhaMDakhAdya - yazovijaya, caukhambA saMskRta sIrija, vArANasI, 1966 170. nyAyadarzanam (vAtsyAyana bhASya sahita) - gautama, caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1983 171. nyAyadarzanama - (saMpA0) dvArakAdAsa zAstrI, bauddha bhAratI, vArANasI, 1676 172. nyAyadIpikA - dharmabhUSaNa, vIra sevA mandira, dillI, 1654 173. nyAya pradIpa - yazovijaya, jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1665 174. nyAyamaMjarI - jayantabhaTTa, caukhambA saMskRta sIrija, banArasa, 1636 175. nyAyavinizcaya - akalaMka, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, kalakattA, 1636 176. nyAyopadeza - yazovijaya, AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1616 177. padmanandipaMcaviMzati - padmanandi, (anu0) bAlacandra, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, 1662 178. zrI paMcavastuka - haribhadra, zreSThi devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra saMsthA, bambaI, 1627 176. paJcasaMgraha (saMskRta)- AcArya amitagati, mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1627 180. paJcasaMgraha (prAkRta) - bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1660 181. paJcasaMgraha - (saMpA0) caMdrarSi mahattara, Agamodaya samiti, bambaI. 1627 182. paMcasUtram - (TI cirantanAcArya) haribhadra, rAmacandra yesu zeDage, vi0 saM0 1670 183. paMcAdhyAyI - rAjamalla, gaNezaprasAdavarNI digambara jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, 1686 184. paMcAzaka - haribhadra, jaina zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, 1628 185. paMcAstikAya - kundakundAcArya, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, 1616 186. puruSArthasiddhayupAya - amRtacandra, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, 1628 167. pariziSTaparva - hemacandra, jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 2438. 188. paramAtmaprakAza aura yogasAra - yogIndu, rAyacandra jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1615 186. paramAtmaprakAza - yogIndu, (saMpA0) e. ena. upAdhye, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, 1678 160. pAtaJjalayogadarzana (vyAsabhASya evaM brahmalIna muni kRta hindI vyAkhyA sahita) - caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1684, |

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286 161. pAtaJjalayogadarzanam (vAcaspatimizra kRta tattvavaizAradI, vijJAnabhikSu kRta yogavArtika evaM vyAsabhASya sahita ) - bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, vArANasI, 1681 162. pAtaJjalayogadarzanam - bhAsvatI, hariharAnanda AraNyaka, motIlAla banArasI dAsa, dillI, 163. pAtaJjalayogadarzana evaM hAribhadrIya yogaviMzikATIkA yazovijaya, (saMpA0 ) paM0 sukhalAla, jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, san 1922 164. pAtaJjalayogasUtram (bhAvaprakAzikA hindI vyAkhyA sahita ) caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI, vi0 saM0 2040 165. pAsaNAhacariyaM - devabhadrasUri, maNivijaya gaNivara granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, 1645 166. pAhuDadohA - rAmasiMha muni, (saMpA0) hIrAlAla jaina, jaina pablikezana sosAiTI, kAraMjA, vi0 saM0 1660 167. piMDaniyukti - bhadrabAhu devacandra lAlabhAI, jaina pustakoddhAra saMsthA, sUrata, 1611 168. purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha - (saMpA0 ) muni jinavijaya, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, kalakattA, 1636 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 166. puruSArthasiddhayupAya - amRtacandra, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, 1977 200. prajJApanAsUtra (malayagiri vRtti sahita) - (anu0) bhagavAnadAsa harSacandra, zAradA bhavana jaina sosAiTI, ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 1661 201. prajJApanA- pradeza- vyAkhyA (pUrva bhAga) haribhadra, RSabhadevajI kesarImalajI zve0 saMsthA, ratalAma, 1647 202. prajJApanA- pradeza- vyAkhyA (uttara bhAga) - haribhadra, jaina pustaka pracAraka saMsthA, sUryapura, 1646 203. prabandhakoza - (saMpA0) muni jinavijaya, zAnti niketana, vizva bhAratI 204. prabandhakoSa yA caturviMzatiprabaMdha - rAjazekhara, zrI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA, bambaI, 1932 205. prabandhaciMtAmaNi - merutuMgAcArya, (saMpA0) jinavijaya, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda 1940 206. prabhAvakacaritra - candraprabhasUri, nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI, 1606 207. prabhAvakacarita prabhAcandrAcArya, (saMpA0 ) jinavijaya, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, 1640 208. pramANanayatattvalokAlaMkAra - vAdideva sUri tiloka ratna sthAnakavAsI jaina dhArmika parIkSA borDa, 1 - pAtharDI, 1672 206 pramANa- mImAMsA hemacandra, (saMpA0 ) sukhalAla saMghavI, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, kalakattA, 1636 210. pravacanasAra - kundakundAcArya, (saMpA0 ) e.ena. upAdhye, zrImad rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, agAsa, 1664 - - 211. pravacanasAroddhAra 212. prazamarati nemicandra sUri, devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra saMsthA, bambaI, 16.22 umAsvAti, zrInirgrantha sAhitya prakAzana saMgha, dillI, 1666 213. praznavyAkaraNasUtra (saMpA0 ) amaramuni, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1673 214. prAkRtavyAkaraNam - hemacandra, (saMpA0 ) ratanalAla saMghavI, zrI jaina divAkara divya jyoti kAryAlaya, byAvara, 1963 215. prAbhRtasaMgraha - kundakunda (saMpA0) kailAzacandra zAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, 1660 216. bRhatkalpabhASya - amolaka RSi, sikandarAbAda jaina saMgha, haidarAbAda, vi0 saM0 2446 217. bRhatkalpasUtra (niryukti va bhASya sahita ) ( bhAga 1- 6 ) - bhadrabAhu, jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1933-38.

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saMdarbha grantha sUcI 287 218. bRhadravyasaMgraha - nemicandra, siddhAnta cakravartI, paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa, vi0 saM0 2035 216. bRhadravyasaMgraha TIkA - brahmadeva, paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa, vi0 saM0 2035 220. bodhaprAmRta - kundakundAcArya, mA0 di0 jaina granthamAlA samiti, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1977 221. bhagavatI ArAdhanA - zivakoTi (zivAya), (saMpA0) kailAzacandra zAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, 1678 222. bhagavatIsUtram (vyAkhyA prajJapti) - (anu0) becaradAsa, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1674 223. bhAvaprAbhRta - kundakundAcArya, mA. di., jaina granthamAlA samiti, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1677 224. bhAvasaMgraha (prAkRta) - devasenasUri, mA. di. jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1678 225. bhAvasaMgraha (saMskRta) - vAmadevasUri, mA. di. jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1678 226. zrImadbhAgavatapurANa - vedavyAsa, gItA presa, gorakhapura, vi0 saM0 2013 227. maMtrarAjarahasyam - siMhatilaka sUri, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI, 1680 228. manusmRti - kullukabhaTTa, caukhambA saMskRta sIrija, vArANasI, 1670 226. manonuzAsanam - A0 tulasI, jainazvetAmbara terApanthI mahAsabhA, gorakhapura, saMvat 2021. 230. mahApurANa (bhAga - 1,2) - jinasenAcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1951 231. mahAbhArata (zAntiparva) - vedavyAsa, bhaNDArakara oriyanTala risarca insTITyUTa, pUnA, 1676 232. mUlArAdhanA (bhagavatI ArAdhanA TIkA) - aparAjita sUri, jaina pablikezana sosAyaTI, kAraMjA, 1635 233. mUlAcAra (vasunandiTIkA) - vaTTekara, mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA bambaI, 1640 234. moharAjaparAjaya - yazapAla, (saMpA0) caturvijaya, sainTrala lAyabrerI, bar3audA, 1618 235. yazastilakacampU - somadevasUri, mahAvIra jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, 1671 236. yogadarzanam - pataJjali, gItA presa, gorakhapura, vi0 saM0 2011 237. yogadarzanama - AcArya zrI kRSNa vallabha, jyotiSa prakAza presa, banArasa. 1636 238. yogadRSTisamuccaya - haribhadra, zrI vijayakamala kezaragranthamAlA, khambhAta, vi0 saM0 1662 236. yogadRSTisamuccaya va yogabindu (svopajJavRtti sahita) - haribhadra, jaina prakAzana saMsthA, 1640 240. yogapradIpa - (ajJAtakartRka), jaina sAhitya vikAsa maNDala, baMbaI, I0 san 1960 241. yogapradIpa - maMgalavijaya, hemacandra sAvacanda zAha, kalakattA, 1640 242. yogabindu - haribhadra, jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, san 1621 243. yogabindu - haribhadra, (gujarAtI anuvAda) buddhisAgarasUri, jaina jJAna mandira, vijayapura, 1650 244. yogayAjJavalkaya - (saMpA0) divAna jI prahalAda, muMzIrAma manoharalAla, bambaI, 1654, 245. yogaviMzikA - haribhadra, RSabhadevajI kesarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, 1627 246. yogazataka - haribhadra (saMpA0) indakalA jhAverI, gujarAta vidyA sabhA, ahamadAbAda, 1656 247. yogazAstra - hemacandra, RSabhacandra joharI, kizanalAla jaina, dillI san 1663 248. yogazAstra - hemacandra, (saMpA0) go. jI. paTela, jaina sAhitya prakAzana samiti ahamadAbAda 1638. 246. yogazAstra - hemacandra, (anu0) padamavijaya, nigraMtha sAhitya prakAzana saMgha dillI, 1675 250. yogazAstram (svopajJa vivaraNa sahita) - hemacandra, jaima dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1626 251. yogazAstra eka parizIlana - amaramuni, sanmati jJAnapITha AgarA, sana 1663. 252. yogazikhopaniSada (upaniSatsaMgraha) - motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1680, 1/68

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288 253. yogasAra - ( ajJAtakartRka), jaina sAhitya vikAsa maNDala, baMbaI, san 1668 254. yogasAra - yogIndu, digambara jaina bhrAtR saMgha, AgarA, vi0saM0 1665 255. yogasArasaMgraha - vijJAnabhikSu, (anu0 evaM vyA0 ) pavana kumArI, IsTarna buka liMkarsa, dillI, 1681 256. yogasAraprAbhRta -amitagati, (saMpA0) jugalakizora mukhtAra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI, 1666 257. yogasUtram (bhojarAjakRta rAjamArttaNDa, bhAvAgaNezakRta pradIpa, nAgojI bhaTTa vRtti, rAmAnandakRta maNiprabhA, anantadevakRta candrikA, sadAzivendra sarasvatIkRta yogasudhAkara vRtti sahita) (saMpA0 ) duNDirAja zAstrI, caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1682 258. rayaNasAra - kundakundAcArya, (saMpA0) devendrakumAra zAstrI, zrI vIra - nirvANa grantha prakAzana, indaura, vi0 saM0 2500 256. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra svAmI samantabhadra, zrI muni saMgha svAgata samiti, sAgara, 1686 260. ratnAkarAvatArikA ( bhAga 1- 3 ) - ratnaprabhasUri, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira, ahamadAbAda, 1667 261. labdhisAra - nemicandra, (saMpA0 ) phUlacanda sidvAnta zAstrI, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa,1680 262. lalitavistarA (municandrakRta paMjikA TIkA sahita) - haribhadra, jaina pustakoddhAra saMsthA, bambaI, 1915 263. lokaprakAza upAdhyAya vinayavijaya, jaina dharma pracAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1634 264. lokaprakAza vinayavijayagaNi, Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1626 265. vasunandizrAvakAcAra - vasunandi, (saMpA0 ) paM0 hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1652 266. vicArasAraprakaraNaM pradyumnasUri, Agamodaya samiti, mehasAnA, 1923 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana - 267. vipAkasUtra - gurjara grantharatna kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda, 1635 268. vividhatIrthakalpa - jinaprabhasUri, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, kalakattA, 1934 266. vizeSAvazyakabhASyam (koTyAcArya kRta vRtti sahita) - jinabhadra gaNi, (saMpA0 ) nathamala TATiyA, risarca insTITyUTa oNpha prAkRta jainAlaoNjI eNDa ahiMsA, vaizAlI, 1672 270. vizeSAvazyakabhASya - (saMpA0 ) paM0 dalasukha mAlavANiyA, lAlabhAI dalamatabhAI, bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, ahamadAbAda 271. viMzativiMzikA - haribhadra, (saMpA0) ke. vI. abhyaMkara, Arya bhUSaNa priTiMga presa, 1932 272. viSNupurANa - (saMpA0) taponiSTha vedamUrti, saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI, 1667 273. viSNupurANa - vedavyAsa, parimala pablikezana, dillI, 1686 274 vaizaSikasUtram - kaNAda, gAyakavADa oriyanTala sIrija, bar3audA, 1682 275. vaizeSikadarzana prazastapAda, caukhambA saMskRta sIrija, vArANasI, 1666 276. zAMtasudhArasa - vinayavijaya, (anu0) manasukhabhAI pI. mehatA bhagavAnadAsa ma. mehatA, bhAvanagara, vi0 1666 1677 - saM0 2462 277. zrIzAMtasudhArasa - vinayavijaya, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, muMbaI, 1676 278. zAstravArtAsamuccaya - haribhadra, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA mandira, ahamadAbAda, 276. zAstravArtAsamuccaya aura syAdvAdakalpalatA haribhadra, caukhambA oriyanTAliyA, vArANasI,

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saMdarbha grantha sUcI 289 280. zivasvarodaya - hare kRSNa zAstrI, ThAkuradAsa eNDa sansa, vArANasI, 1680 281. zramaNasUtra - agaracanda, sanmati jJAnapITha AgarA, san 1651. 282. zrAvakaprajJapti (svopajJa TIkA sahita) - haribhadra, (saMpA0) bAlacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1981 283. zrAvakAcAra - guNabhUSaNa, mUlacanda ki. kApar3iyA, vIra ni. saM. 2451 284. SaTkhaMDAgama (vIrasenAcArya kRta dhavalA TIkA sahita) bhAga 1 - 14 - puSpadaMta aura bhUtabali, (saMpA0) hIrAlAla jaina, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 1673 285. SaDdarzanasamuccaya - haribhadra (saMpA0) mahendrakumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI, 1670 286. SoDazaka - haribhadra, RSabhadevajI kesarImalajI jaina zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, vIranirvANa saM0 2462 287. Sor3azakaprakaraNam (yazobhadra evaM yazovijayakRta TIkA sahita) - haribhadra, zrI mahAvIra svAmi zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka tapAgaccha jaina saMgha TrasTa, muMbaI, 1984 288. sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra - umAsvAti, zrI paramazrRtaprabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, 1632 286. samarAiccakahA - haribhadra, tilokaratna sthAnakavAsI dhArmika borDa, pAtharDI, 1677 260. samayasAra - kundakunda, (saMpA0) manohara lAla, paramazruta prabhAvakamaNDala, bambaI, 1616 261. samayasAra - kundakundAcArya, (saMpA0) manoharajI varNI, zrI sahajAnanda zAstramAlA, meraTha, 1677 262. samayasArakalaza- amRtacandra, zrIvItarAga satsAhitya prasAraka TrasTa, bhAvanagara, vI0 saM0 2503 263. samavAo (samavAyAMgasUtra) - jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, 1984 264. samayAyAMga - Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1982 265. samAdhitantra- pUjyapAda devanandi, (TIkA0) prabhAcandrAcArya, vIrasevA mandira TrasTa, sarasAvA, 1636, 266. samAdhitaMtra aura iSTopadeza - pUjyapAda, vIra sevA mandira, dillI, 1654 267. sarvadarzanasaMgraha - mAdhavAcArya, caukhambA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI, 1678 268. sarvArthasiddhi - pUjyapAda, (saMpA0) paM0 phUlacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, 1985 266. sAMkhyakArikA - IzvarakRSNa, (saMpA0) viSNuprasAda zarmA, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, vArANasI, 1670 300. sAMkhyakArikA - IzvarakRSNa, (saMpA0) brajamohana caturvedI, nezanala pabliziMga hAUsa, dillI, 1665 301. sAMkhyadarzanam (vijJAnabhikSuviracita bhASyasahita) - kapila, jIvAnanda vidyAsAgara bhaTTAcArya, kalakattA, 1863 302. sAgAradharmAmRta - AzAdhara, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, kAzI, 1678 303. sAhityadarpaNa - kavirAja vizvanAtha, meharacandra lakSamaNadAsa, dillI, 1682 304. siddhivinizcayaTIkA (bhAga 1,2) - akalaMkadeva, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1656 305. siddhasiddhAntapaddhati - gorakSanAtha, (saMpA0) kalyANI malika, oriyanTala buka hAUsa, pUnA, 1654 306. subhASitaratnasaMdoha - amitagati, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, I. san 1603 307. subhASitaratnasaMdoha - (saMpA0) bAlacandra siddhAnta zAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 1677 308. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra - (saMpA0 evaM anu0) zrIcanda surAnA 'sarasa', Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1682 306. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra (niyukti sahita) - Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1617 310. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra (zIlAMkAcArya vihita vivaraNa sahita) - Agamodaya samiti, mehasAnA, 1617

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290 311. zrIsUtrakRtAMgasUtra ( prathama evaM dvitIya zrutaskandha) AtmajJAnapITha, mAnasA, 1676, 1681 312. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra (cUrNi sahita ) - (saMpA0 ) muni puNyavijaya, prAkRta grantha pariSad, ahamadAbAda, 1675 313. stotrAvali - yazovijaya, yazobhAratI jaina prakAzana samiti, bambaI, 1675 314. sthAnAMgAsUtra samavAyAMgasUtraM ca (abhayadevavRtti sahita ) - motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1685 315. sthAnAMga - Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1981 316. syAdvAdakalpalatA yazovijaya, prAcyavidyA grantha mAlA, 1677 317. syAdvAdamaJjarI - hemacandra bhaNDArakara prAcya vidyA saMzodhana, pUnA, 163 5. 6. 318. syAdvAdarahasya yazovijaya, bhAratIya prAcya tattva prakAzana samiti, piDaMvAr3A, vi0 saM0 2031 316. haThayogapradIpikA svAtmArAma, kaivalyadhAma zrImanmAdhava yoga mandira samiti, lonAvalA, saM0 2035 320. harivaMzapurANa - jinasena, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1678 321. hAribhadrayogabhAratI - haribhadra, divyadarzana TrasTa, gulAlabAr3I, muMbaI, vi0 saM0 2036. 322. hIrasaubhAgyaM (svopajJa vyAkhyA sahita) devavimala gaNi, (saMpA0) kAzInAtha zarmA, nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI, 1600 sahAyaka grantha sUcI 1. agaracanda, zramaNasUtra, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1651 2. avasthI brahmamitra, pAtaJjalayoga zAstra : eka adhyayana, indu prakAzana, dillI, 1678 amaramuni, yogazAstra : eka parizIlana, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1663 3. 4. azoka muni, samyagdarzana eka anuzIlana, zrI jaina divAkara divya jyoti kAryAlaya, byAvara, 1681 7. 8. iw kalakattA, 1668 AcArya tulasI, jaina sAhityadIpikA, Adarza sAhitya saMgha prakAzana, curu, 1670 AcArya tulasI, manonuzAsana, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, curu, 1970 AcArya zrIkRSNa vallabha, yogadarzanam, jyotiSa prakAza presa, banArasa, 1936 10. AcArya zrI nAneza, jiNadhammo, zrI samatA sAhitya prakAzana TrasTa, indaura, 1984 11. Atreya, zAntiprakAza, yogamanovijJAna, dI iMTara nezanala sTeNDarDa pablikezana, vArANasI, 1665 12. AtmArAma, jainadharma kA svarUpa, jasavaMta rAya jainI, lAhaura, 1605 AtmArAma, jainatattvAdarza, AtmArAma jaina mahAsabhA, ambAlA, paMjAba, 1636 AtmArAma jI mahArAja, jainAgamoM meM syAdvAda, AtmArAma jaina prakAzanAlaya, ludhiyAnA, 1660 AtmArAma jI mahArAja, (2016 vi0saM0) jainAgamoM meM paramAtmavAda, AtmArAma jaina prakAzanAlaya, 6. 13. 14. pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana - 15. 16. - AcArya tulasI, AyAro, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanU~, rAjasthAna, 1674 AcArya tulasI, dazavaikAlika : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, Agama sAhitya prakAzana samiti, ludhiyAnA, 1660 AtmArAma, jainayoga: siddhAnta aura sAdhanA, (saMpA0) zrI amaramuni, AtmajJAnapITha, mAnasA maMDI, paMjAba, 1683 17. AtmArAma, jaina tattvakAlikA, AtmajJAnapITha, mAnasA maMDI, paMjAba, 1682 18. AyaMgara, ema0 esa0 akabara aura jainadharma, (anu0) bAbUlAla kRSNa lAla varmA, zrI AtmAnanda jaina TeksTa sosAiTI, ambAlA, vi0 saM0 1978

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saMdarbha grantha sUcI 291 24. 26. 16. AryikA jJAnamatI, digambara muni, digambara jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna, hastinApura, vI0 saM0 2507 . omAnanda, pAtaJjalayogapradIpa, gItApresa, gorakhapura, 1642 21. upAdhyAya baladeva, bhAratIyadarzana, zAradA mandira, kAzI, 1657 22. upAdhyAya baladeva, purANavimarza, caukhambA, vidyA bhavana, vArANasI, 1678 23. upAdhyAya baladeva, saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, zAradA niketana, vArANasI, 1678 upAdhyAya, rAmajI, bhArata kI saMskRti sAdhanA, rAmanArAyaNa lAla benImAdhava, ilAhAbAda, 1667 25. kannomala, jaina tattva-mImAMsA, jaina pustaka pracAraka maMDala, AgarA, 1642 kannomala, anekAntavAda, zrI AtmAnanda jaina sosAyaTI, ambAlA zahara, 1682 27. kavirAja, gopInAtha, bhAratIya saMskRti aura sAdhanA (bhAga 1,2) bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA, 1663 28. kANe, pAMDUraMga vAmana. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-5), hindI samiti, lakhanaU, 1673 26. kApar3iyA, zrI motIcaMda giridharalAla, jaina dRSTie yoga (gu0), zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, 1674 30. kApar3iyA, hIrAlAla rasikadAsa, yazodohana, yazobhAratI jaina prakAzana samiti, mumbaI, 1666 31. gaNi jinabhadra, gaNadharavAda, rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna evaM samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura, 1682 32. gAMga, suSamA, kundakundAcArya kI pramukha kRtiyoM meM dArzanika dRSTi, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, dillI, 1682 33. cidAnanda, adhyAtma anubhava yoga prakAza, abhayadeva sUrigranthamAlA, kalakattA, 1622 34. jaina, ratnalAla, Atmarahasya, sastA sAhitya maMDala, dillI, 1648 35. jaina, lAlacanda, jaina darzana meM Atma-vicAra, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI. 1984 36. jaina, sAgaramala, jaina karmasiddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura, 1982 37. jaina, sAgaramala, jaina, bauddha aura gItA kA sAdhanA mArga, rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura, 1682 38. jaina, sAgaramala, jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra dazoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, (bhAga 1-2). rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura, 1982 36. jaina, sudarzana lAla, uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka parizIlana, sohanalAla jaina-dharma pracAraka samiti, amRtasara, 1670 40. jaina, harIndrabhUSaNa, jaina aMgazAstra ke anusAra mAnava vyaktitva kA vikAsa, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1674 41. jaina, hIrAlAla, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, madhyapradeza zAsana sAhitya pariSada, bhopAla, 1662 42. jaina, hIrAlAla (saMpA0), jinavANI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI, 1675 43. ToDaramala, mokSa mArgaprakAzaka, zrI kundakunda kahAna di0 jaina tIrtha surakSA TrasTa, jayapura, 1683 44. DosI, rAjendralAla, anekAntavAda eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, gaMgAnAtha jhA kendrIya saMskRta vidyApITha, ilAhAbAda, 1682

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292 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana Sc oc 45. tilakavijaya (anu0), jainadarzana, cimanalAla lakhamI canda, pUnA, 1627 46. tripAThI, ramAzaMkara, zivamahApurANa kI dArzanika samAlocanA, DA0 ramAzaMkara tripAThI, harizaMkara tripAThI, assI, vArANasI, 1675 47. dige, arhatdAsa banDobA, jainayoga kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana, sohanalAla jainadharma pracAraka samiti, amRtasara, 1981 48. dvivedI, hajArIprasAda, nAthasampradAya, loka bhAratI sampradAya, vArANasI, 1666 / 46. dAsaguptA, esa. ena., bhAratIya darzana kA itihAsa, rAjasthAna grantha akAdamI, udayapura, 1678 duggaDa hIrAlAla, svarodaya vijJAna, jaina prAcIna sAhitya prakAzana mandira, zAhadarA desAI, mohanalAla dalIcanda, jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga-1, 2 (gu0), zrI jaina zvetAmbara "kAnphreMsa muMbaI, 1626, 1631 desAI, mohanalAla dalIcanda, jaina sAhityanosaMkSipta itihAsa (gujarAtI), zrI jaina zvetAmbara "kAnphreMsa', muMbaI, 1633 dozI, becaradAsa, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (bhAga-1), pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI. 1666 nagarAja muni, jaina darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna, AtmArAma eNDa sansa, dillI, 1956 55. nagarAja muni, jainAgama aura tripiTaka eka anuzIlana (bhAga-1-2), jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 1656 56. nathamala, jainadarzana ke maulika tattva, motIlAla beMgAnI ceriTebala TrasTa, kalakattA, 1660 57. nathamala, jainadarzana : manana aura mImAMsA, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, dillI, 1673 58. nathamala, zramaNamahAvIra, (saMpA0) dulaharAja, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, 1674 56. nathamala, jainayoga, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, curu, 1678 narendra deva, bauddha-dharma-darzana, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA, 1671 nemicandra, AcArya hemacandra aura unakA zabdAnuzAsana eka adhyayana, caukhambA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI, 1663 62. nyAya vijaya, jainadarzana, hemacandrAcArya jaina sabhA, pATaNa, 1968 63. paTela, gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI. kundakundAcArya ke tIna ratna, (anu0) bhArilla zobhAcandra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, vArANasI, 1667 64. pavanakumArI, pAtaJjalayogasUtra eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana, IsTarna buka liMkarsa, dillI, 1676 65. puSkara muni, sAdhanA kA rAjamArga, samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jodhapura, 1662 66. premI, nAthUrAma, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, hindI grantha ratnAkara, bambaI, 1656 67. phUlacanda zramaNa, AtmavAda, AtmArAma jaina prakAzana samiti, ludhiyAnA, 1665 68. phUlacanda zramaNa, yoga-eka cintana, AtmArAma jaina prakAzana samiti, ludhiyAnA, 1677 siddhAnta zAstrI. jainatattvamImAMsA, azoka prakAzana mandira, maidinI ghATa, vArANasI. 1616 70. bAMThiyA kastUramala, hemacandrAcArya jIvana carita, caukhambA vidyA prakAzana, vArANasI, 1677 71. bAMThiyA, mohanalAla, jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala, zrI jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 1660 72. bAr3hadAra, kailAzacandra, yogAnuzIlanaM, di jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIra jI, jayapura, 1682 .0 6 1.

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saMdarbha grantha sUcI 293 75. 77. nA 73. bAlacandra (saMpA0), jainalakSaNAvalI, vIra sevA mandira, dillI, vi0saM0 1673 74. belAnI, phatehasiMha, jaina grantha aura granthakAra, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMzodhaka maNDala, banArasa, 1650 bhaTTAcArya, harisatya, jinavANI, zrI cAritra smAraka granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, 1652 76. bhaTTAcArya, harisatya, anekAntavAda, jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 2007 bhAnAvata, narendra, sAdhanA - svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura, 1671 78. bhAnAvata, narendra, dhyAnayoga-rUpa aura darzana, samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura, 1672 76. bhArilla, zobhAcandra, kundakudAcArya ke tIna ratna, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI, 1667 80. maMgalA, bhAratIya darzana meM yoga, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1683 81. mahendra kumAra, jaina darzana, zrI gaNeza prasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, 1655 82. mAtA vijayamati, Atma-cintana, jJAnacandra jaina, tendUkher3A, (ma0pra0), 1681 83. mAlavaNiyA, dalasukha, jaina darzana kA AdikAla, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI, bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA mandira, ahamadAbAda, 1680 84. mAlavaNiyA, dalasukha, Agama yuga kA jaina darzana, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1666 85. mAlavaNiyA, dalasukha, Atma-mImAMsA, banArasa hindU vizvavidyAlaya presa, banArasa, 1653 86. mizra, umeza, bhAratIya darzana, rAjarSi puruSottama TaMDana hindI bhavana, lakhanaU, 1975 87. muni jinavijaya, AcArya haribhadrasya samayanirNayaH, jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka samAja, pUnA, 1616 88. muni brahmalIna, pAtaJjala yoga darzana, caukhambA saMskRta sIrija, vArANasI, 1684 86. muni zrI mizrImala, jaina dharma meM tapa svarUpa aur| na dhama ma tapa svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, zrI gurudhara kesarI sAhitya prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1672 60. musalagAMvakara, vi0 bhA0, AcArya hemacandra, hindI grantha akAdamI, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, 1611 61. mehatA mohanalAla, jaina darzana, zrI sanmatijJAnapITha, AgarA, 1656 mehatA mohanalAla, jaina AcAra, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1666 63. mehatA, mohanalAla, jainadharma darzana, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1673 64. mehatA, mohanalAla, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (bhAga 3), pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1667 65. mehatA, mohanalAla va kApaDiyA hIrAlAla, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (bhAga 4), pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1668 66. modI, madhusUdana, hema samIkSA, zrI mohana lAla dIpacaMda, cokasI, muMbaI. 1642 67. maudgala, bhAgamalla (saMpA0). bhAratavarSa kA itihAsa aura jainadharma, AtmAnanda jaina TrasTa sosAyaTI, ambAlA, 1628 68. yogI candanAtha (anu0). yogI sampradAya vikRti, zAhI bAga, ahamadAbAda, 1624 66. ramezakumAra, jayendra yoga prayoga, megha prakAzana, dillI, 1682 / 100. ratnacandra, bhAvanAzataka, jaina sAhitya pracAraka samiti, byAvara, vI0saM0 2466 101. rAdhAkRSNan sarvapallI, bhAratIya darzana (bhAga 1), rAjapAla eNDa saMsa, dillI, 1666 Neza, jainadharma va darzana, dAdAbAr3I, zrI jinadatta sUri maNDala, ajamera. 1683 103. lADa, azoka kumAra, bhAratIya darzana meM mokSa-ciMtana-eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana, madhyapradeza hindI grantha akAdamI, bhopAla, 1673 62. maha

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294 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 104. varNI, kSullaka jinendra, jainendra siddhAnta koza (bhAga 1-4), bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1644 105. velaNakara, haridAmodara, jinaratnakoza (bhAga 1), bhaNDArakara prAcya vidyA saMzodhana mandira, pUnA, 1644 106. voharA, sunaMdA, dhyAna : eka parizIlana (gu0), zrI satzruta sevA-sAdhanA kendra, ahamadAbAda, 1683 107. vyAsa, lakSmIzaMkara, caulukya kumArapAla, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1662 108. zarmA, surendra kumAra, haThayoga : eka etihAsika pariprekSya evaM haThayoga pradIpikA, isTarna buka Dipo, dillI, 1985 106. zarmA, hasaMrAja, darzana aura anekAntavAda, AtmAnanda jaina pustaka pracAraka maNDala, AgarA, 1628 110. zarmA, kailAzacandra, jainadharma, mA0 di0 jaina saMgha, mathurA, vI0saM0 2474 111. zAstrI, kailAzacandra, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa (pUrva pIThikA), gaNezaprasAda varNI jainagranthamAlA, vI0saM02486 112. zAstrI, kailAzacandra, jaina siddhAnta, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1683 113. zAstrI, devendra muni, jaina Agama sAhitya - manana aura mImAMsA, zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura, 1677 114. zAstrI devendra muni, jaina AcAra : siddhAnta aura svarUpa, zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura, 1682 115. zAstrI devendra muni, jaina jagat ke jyotirdhara AcArya, zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura, 1685 116. zAstrI nemicandra, AcArya hemacandra aura unakA zabdAnuzAsana eka adhyayana, caukhambA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI, 1663 117. zAstrI nemicandra, prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, tArA pablikezana, vArANasI, 1666 118. zAstrI nemicandra, tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA (bhAga 1-3), akhila bhAratIya di0 jaina vidvatpariSada, vArANasI, 1674 116. zAstrI nemicandra, haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana. prAkRta-jaina-zAstra aura ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI, 1665 120. zAstrI, sureza muni, karmavAda : eka adhyayana, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1665 121. zukla hariprasAda gajAnana, gurjara jaina kaviyoM kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 122. zuklA, nalinI, pAtaJjalayogasUtra kA vivecanAtmaka evaM tulanAtmaka adhyayana, zakti yogAzrama, kAnapura, 1675 123. zeTha, haragovindadAsa, haribhadrasUricaritam, jaina vividha sAhitya zAstramAlA, banArasa. 1617 124. zrI jaina zvetAmbara kAMphreMsa, jaina granthAvalI, muMbaI, 1665 125. saMghavI, sukhalAla, AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama, gurjara grantharatna kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda, 1628 126. saMghavI, sakhalAla, darzana aura cintana, gujarAta vidyA sabhA, ahamadAbAda, 1657 127. saMghavI, sukhalAla, adhyAtma vicAraNA, gujarAta vidyA sabhA, ahamadAbAda, 1658 128. saMghavI, sukhalAla, bhAratIya tattva vidyA, jJAnodaya TrasTa, ahamadAbAda, 1660 126. saMghavI, sukhalAla, samadarzI AcArya haribhadra, rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura, 1663 130. saMghavI, sukhalAla, jaina dharma kA prANa, sastA sAhitya maNDala, dillI, 1665 131. satyapAla, yogAsana aura svAsthya, kitAbaghara, dillI, 1683

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saMdarbha grantha sUcI 295 132. sampUrNAnanda, yogadarzana, hindI samiti sUcanA vibhAga, lakhanaU, 1665 133. sAdhvI rAjImatI, prAcIna jaina-sAdhanA paddhati, zrImati bhaMvara devI surAnA, jayapura, 1676 134. sAdhvI saMghamitrA, jaina dharma ke prabhAvaka AcArya, jaina vizva bhAratI prakAzana, lADana, 1676 135. siMha, rAmezvara prasAda, saMtakAvya meM yoga kA svarUpa, anupama prakAzana, paTanA, 1677 136. sUri vijayarAjendra, abhidhAna rAjendra koSa (bhAga 1-7) zrI abhidhAna rAjendra koza prakAzana H TT, GATTA, 985& 137. svAmI vivekAnanda, rAjayoga, zrI rAmakRSNa Azrama, mAgapura, (ma0 pra0) 1655 English Reference Books 12. 1. Banarasidas - A Lecture on Jainism, Jain Itihas Society, Saharanpur, 1942. Basu, B. D. - Yoga-Sastra (Shiva Samhita and Gherand Samhita), Sacred Book of the Hindus, Allahabad, 1925. Bhargava, Dayanand - Jain Ethics, Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi, 1968. Bhargava, Dayanand - Jain Tarka Bhasa, Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi, 1973. Bhattacharya, Harisatya - Jain Moral Doctrine, Jain Sahitya Vikas Mandal, Bombay, 1976. Bhattacharya, Harisatya - Jain Philosophy Historical Outline, Munshiram Manoharlal, Delhi, 1976. Bhatt, V. M. - Yogic Powers and God Realisation, Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan, Bombay, 1960. Bothra, Pushpa - Jain Theory of Perception, Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi, 1967. Buhler - The Life of Hemchandracharya, Singhi Jain Granthamala. Dasgupta, S.N. - Yoga : Philosophy, Calcutta, 1930. 11. Desai, S.M. - Haribhadra's Yoga Works and Psychosynthesis, L.D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad, 1983. Deva, Joy - Yoga Today, The Macmillan Co. of India (p) Ltd., 1971. 13. Dixit, K.K. - Early Jainism, L.D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad, 1978. 14. Gandhi, V.R. - Yoga Philosophy, Agamodaya Samiti, Bombay, 1924. 15. Haribhadra - Vimsati Vimsika, (Ed.) Abhyankar, K.M., Arya Bhushan Printing Press, 1932. 16. Haribhadra - Anekantajayapataka, Oriental Institute, Baroda, 1940. 17. Haribhadra - Yogabindu, (Tr.) Dixit, K.K., L.D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad, 1968. 18. Haribhadra - Yogadrstisammuccaya and Yoga Vimsika, (Tr.) Dixit, K.K., L.D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad, 1970. Hemchandra - Dvyasraya Kavya, Government Central Press, Bombay, 1915. 20. H. Jacobi - Samardiccakaha, Bibliotheca Indica, No. 169, Calcutta, 1908-26. James Hastings (Ed.) - Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. 12, New York, 1921. Jain, Jyoti Prasad - Religion and culture of the Jainas, Bharatiya Jnanpith Publication, New Delhi, 1983. 23. Jain, Jyoti Prasad - Jainism the oldest Living Religion, Jain Sanskrit Sanshodhan Mandal, Banaras, 1951. Krishnamachariar, M. - History of Classical Sanskrit Literature, Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi, 1974.

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296 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 28. 31. 32. 33. 25. Mehta, Mohanlal - Jain Philosophy, Sohanlal Jain Dharma Pracharak Samiti, Amritsar, 1995. 26. Marshall, J. - Mohan-Jodaro and the Indus Civilization, Vol. 1, London, 1931. Mookarji, Satkari - Jaina Philosophy of non-absolution, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1978. Muni Jinavijaya - The Jainas in the History of Indian Literature, Jaina Sahitya Samshodhaka Pratishthan, Ahmedabad, 1946. 29. Patanjali - Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, Parimal Publications, Delhi, 1983. 30. Ramacharaka, Yogi - Hatha Yoga, D.B. Taraporevala sons & Co. Pvt. Lid., Bombay, 1977. Radhakrishanan, S. - Indian Philosophy, Vol. 1, Gorge Allen & Unwin l.td., London, 1929. Raghvan, V. - Cultural Leaders of India, Series Seers and thinkers, New Delhi, 1979 Rajaram, Tookaram - Compendium of the Raja Yoga Philosophy, Golden Publication, Delhi, 1983. 34. Rukmani, T.S. - Yogavartika of Vijnanbhiksu, Vol. 1 - 4, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, Delhi, 1981, 83, 87, 90. Shastri, Hari Prasad - Meditation, its Theory and Practice, Shanti Sadan, London, 1958. Shringy, R.K. (Ed.) - Yoga Science and Philosophy, Bharata Manisha, Varanasi, 1979. 37. Siddha Guru, Gorakhnath - Yoga Bija, Swami Keshwananda Yoga Institute, Delhi, 1985. Sogani, K.C. - Ethical Doctrines in Jainism, Jain Sanskriti Sanrakshaka Sangha, Sholapur, 1967. 39. Stevenson, S. - The Heart of Jainism, Oxford University Press, London, 1915. Tatia, Nathmal - Studies in Jain Philosophy, P.V. Research Institute, Varanasi. 41. Williams, R. - Jain Yoga, Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi, 1983. Winternitz, M. - A History of Indian Literature, Vol. 1-3, Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi, 1985. 43. Worthington, Vivian - History of Yoga, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1982. Woods, J.S. - Yoga System of Patanjali, Motilal Banarasidass, Banaras, 1966. 45. Yogi Yajnavalkya - Yoga Yajnavalkya, (Ed.) Divanji Prahlad C., Munshiram Manoharlal, Bombay, 1954. 46. Zaveri, J.S. - Preksha Meditation, Tulsi Adhyatma Nidam, Jain Vishva Bharati, Ladnun, Rajasthan, 1981. 36. 40 42. smRti evaM abhinandana grantha 1. ambAlAla jI ma0 sA0 abhinandana grantha AcArya AnandaRSi abhinandana grantha AcArya tulasI abhinandana grantha 4. AcArya bhikSu smRti grantha

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saMdarbha grantha sUcI 297 s 5. jIta abhinandana grantha puSkara muni abhinandana grantha muni zrI hajArImala smRti grantha zrI tiloka zatAbdI abhinandana grantha 6. yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni smRti grantha 10. zrI yazovijaya smRti grantha 11. sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha patrikAe~ 1 OM anekAnta, vIra sevA mandira, dillI 2. arhat vacana, indaura ahiMsA vAyasa, dillI / iNDiyana eNTIkverI, da kAunsila oNpha da raoNyala enthropolojI insTITayUTa, bambaI iNDiyana philosophikala kvArTalI iNDiyana hisTorikala kvArTalI, kalakattA IsTa eNDa vesTa, roma 8. kalyANa (yogAMka), gItA presa, gorakhapura 6. kalyANa (sAdhanAMka), gItA presa, gorakhapura 10. jarnala oNpha da bhaNDArakara oriyanTala risarca iMsTITyUTa, pUnA 11. jarnala oNpha oriyanTala risarca iMsTITyUTa, bar3audA 12. jaina jagata, bambaI jaina jarnala, zrI jaina sabhA, kalakattA jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, ArA (bihAra) 15. jaya guJjAra, byAvara (rAja0) 16. tIrthaMkara, indaura 17. tulasIprajJA, lADanUM 18. prekSAdhyAna, lADanUM 16. yogamImAMsA, kaivalyadhAma, lonAvalA 20. yogavidyA, bihAra 21. zramaNa, vArANasI 22. zramaNopAsaka, bIkAnera

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viziSTavyaktinAmAnukramaNikA akalaMkadeva 16, 21 anantadevapaNDita 7 abhayadevasUri 52 abhyaMkara 14, 16, 18 amarakIrti 10 amaraprabhasUri 10 amitagati 6, 26, 30 amRtacandra 26 AtmArAma 12 Adideva 231 AdinAtha 265 Anandaghana 41 Ara0 viliyamsa 12, 40 AryikA jAhiNI 28 AzAdhara 10, 30, 150 indranandI 10 indrasaubhAgyagaNi 10 udayaMkara 7 udayavIra zAstrI 7 udyotanasUri 17. 18 umApati mizra 7 umAsvAti(mi) 8, 22, 77, 151, 160, 180, 232 RSabhadeva 265 kavirAjamala 11 kAntivijaya 40 kAlidAsa 26, 33, 35 kundakunda 8, 6. 134, 147, 202, 203, 204, 262 kumArapAla 36, 37, 106. 123 kumArila 15, 18 kulamaMDanasUri 15 ke0ke0 dIkSita 66, 86, 67 klaoNTa 34 kSemAnanda dIkSita 7 kSemendra 130 guNaratna 23 gurudAsa 13 gopAla mizra 7 jayakIrti 13 jayantabhaTTa 16, 17 jayasundaravijaya 15 jasavantakumAra 42, 43 jasavijaya 43 jittAri 20 jinadatta 22 jinadattasUri 12, 20 jinabhaTTa 20 jinabhadragaNi 6 jinavijaya 14, 17, 18, 16 jinasena 26 jvAlendranAtha jaikobI 14, 16, 18, 21 jJAnAnanda 7 dadhItikAra 41 dayAnanda bhArgava 40, 203 devakIrti 28 devagaNi 42 devAnanda 12 devendranandi 12 desAI esa0ema0 67.71, 72 dhanarAja 12 dhanaMjaya 26 dharmakIrti 15, 18 dharmapAla 15, 18 dharmabhUSaNa 41, 45 dharmasundara 15 dharmottara 16

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viziSTavyaktinAmAnukramaNikA 299 nayavijaya 41. 42, 43 nArgAjuna 13 nAgezabhaTTa 7 nAgojIbhaTTa 62, 148 nArAyaNatIrtha 7 nimbArka 126 nemicandrazAstrI 14, 16, 17, 18, 16, 161 nemicandra 12, 163 paMcazikha 266 paNDitarAjajagannAtha 45 pataJjali 1, 4, 5, 8, 54. 55, 56, 57, 58, 78, 83. 86, 105, 118, 116, 124, 125, 126, 127, 126, 130, 133, 135, 136, 140, 146, 147, 146, 151, 156. 160, 161, 166, 171, 172, 175, 176, 182, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211, 212. 214, 215, 218, 220, 224, 231, 242, 246. 248, 257, 262, 266, 266, 270, 271, 272, 274, 276. 277, 278, padmanandi 6 padmavijaya 43 padmasiMha 42. 43 paramahaMsa 21 parvata dharma 6 . pITarsana 37 pUjyapAda devanandi 8 pradyumnasUri 15 prabhAcandra 6 prabhAcandrasUri 33 baladeva mizra 9 bANabhaTTa 33 byUhalara 33 bhagavaddatta 206 bhaTTa akalaMka 26 bhaTTAraka zubhacandra 30 bhartRhari 15, 18, 28, 31, 32 bhadanta bhAskara 206 bhadrabAhu 214 bharata 62 bhavadeva 7 bhAvavijaya 11 bhAvAgaNeza 7, 148 bhAskara nandi 11 bhoja(deva) 7. 51, 60. 62, 62, 242, 266 maNibhadra 23 mallavAdI 17, 18, 16 malladhArideva 28 mahAdeva 7 mahAvIra 3, 231, 233 mahendrakumAra 14, 16 mAnatuMga 26 mAnadevasUri 15 mAnavijaya 41 mIrA 126 munijinavijaya 17, 18, 16 muninathamala 12, 247 muninyAyavijaya 12 munipadmanandi 6 munirAmasiMha 10 munisundarasUrIzvara 11 mRghAvatI 31 meghacandra 6 merutuMgAcArya 33 yazapAla 33 yazovijaya 7, 11, 12, 13, 14,40,41,42, 43, 44, 45, 48, 46, 54. 56, 57. 66, 67, 73, 78, 81, 83.84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 65, 103. 106. 107, 110, 113. 118, 120, 160, 202, 208, 210, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216. 218, 220, 232, 233, 234, 243, 245, 246, 253. 260, 261, 262, 266. 270, 271, 272, 273. 274, 276, 277, 276 yAkinImahattarA 20 yAdavasUri 12 yogIndudeva 6. 10 rAghavAnanda sarasvatI 6 ravidAsa 126 rAjazekhara 33 rAdhAnanda 7 rAmasenAcArya 10, 26 rAmAnanda 126

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300 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana rAmAnanda sarasvatI 7 rAmAnuja 126 vallabha 126 vasubandhu 27 vAcaspatimizra 6, 7, 50, 51, 61, 266, 266 vikramAditya 33 vijayadevasUri 41, 42 vijayasenasUri 42 vijJAnabhikSu 7, 56, 60, 61, 62, 266, 266 vidyAtilaka 23 vidyAbhUSaNa 40 vinayadevasUri 44 vinayaprabhasUri 44 vinayavijayagaNi 12, 41 vinTaraniTz2a 35 vizvabhUSaNabhaTTAraka 31 vuDsa 7 vyAsa 50.55, 60, 62. 135, 166, 212, 228, 231, 252, 266 zaMkarabhagavatpAda 7 zaMkarAcArya 16, 18 zAntarakSita 15, 18 zAntarasa 13 zubhagupta 15, 18 zubhacandra 6.12, 13, 14, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33. 36, 53, 55, 56, 77, 64, 106, 118, 120, 122, 123, 124, 126, 126, 145, 151, 153, 154, 168, 160, 161, 202, 204, 212, 213, 215, 218, 221, 224, 225, 226, 228, 226, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 253. 260, 261, 266, 270, 271, 274, 276, 277, 278, 276 zrIgurudAsa 11 zrIrAmacandra dIkSitAra 265 zrIvizvabhUSaNAcArya 28 zrIharSa 33, 45 sakalacandra 11 sadAzivendrasarasvatI 7 samantabhadra 5, 26 samayasundaragaNi 15 siddharAja jayasiMha 33, 35, 36 siddharSi 16 siddhasenadivAkara 22 siMdhula 31 siMhala 31 sukhalAla saMghavI 40 somacandra 34, 35 somadeva 13, 30 somadevasUri 10. 26, 150 somaprabhasUri 33. 34 somasundarasUri 10 svAmI tulasIrAma 7 svAmI darzanAnaMda 7 svAmI samantabhadra 5 svAmI hariprasAda 7 hariprasAdagajAnanazukla 40 haribhadra 6, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 16, 20, 21, 22, 23. 36, 44, 45, 53, 54, 55, 56, 63, 65, 66. 67.68.66.71,72, 73.75,76, 77,78, 76, 80,81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 86, 64, 67. 106, 108, 106, 110, 114, 116. 117, 118, 116, 120. 122, 123. 124, 128, 126, 130, 147, 146, 151, 176, 182, 185, 160, 200, 202, 204, 205, 206, 207. 206, 212, 213, 214, 218, 230, 231, 243, 244, 246, 253. 260, 261, 267, 268, 266, 270, 271, 272, 273. 274, 275, 278, 276 hariharAnanda AraNyaka 6. 50 hiraNyagarbha 265 hIravijayasUri 162 hemacandra 10, 13, 14. 30, 33. 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 36, 41, 54, 55, 56, 65, 77, 64, 106, 111, 113, 116, 118. 122, 123. 124, 126, 128, 126, 144, 145, 147, 150, 153, 154, 155, 177. 178, 176, 188, 160, 161, 212, 213. 221, 226, 232, 233, 235, 236, 237, 240, 244, 246, 253, 261, 262, 266, 270, 271, 274, 276, 277, 278

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granthAnukramaNikA adhyAtmakamala mArtaNDa 11 10 adhyAtmakalikA 12 adhyAtmakalpadruma 11, 244 adhyAtmatattvAloka 12 adhyAtmapaddhati 12 adhyAtmabindu 13 adhyAtmamatadalana 45 adhyAtmamataparIkSA 47 adhyAtmaprabodha 13 adhyAtmabheda 13 adhyAtmarahasya adhyAtmaliMga adhyAtmasAra adhyAtmasAroddhAra 13 adhyAtmopaniSad 11, 47 anuyogadvAravivRtti 23 anekAntajayapatAkA 17, 18, 24 anekAntapradhaTTa 25 anekAntavAdapraveza 24 anekAntasiddhi 24 anekArthakoza 38 anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA 38 abhidhammakoza (abhidharmakoza) 206 13 11, 46 47, 88, H abhidhAnacintAmaNi 38 abhidhAnacintAmaNi, pariziSTa 38 abhinavabhASya 7 ayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA 38 23 arhaccUr3AmaNi 25 aSTakaprakaraNa aSTapAhuDa 8 AcArAMga (sUtra) 3. 104, 166, 216, 221 AtmAnuzAsana 6 AdipurANa 5, 26 Anandaghana aSTapadI 41 ArAdhanAsArasamuccaya 11 Avazyaka niyukti 8. 253 Avazyaka bRhatTIkA 23 Avazyaka sUtravRtti 8. 23 Avazyaka sUtravivRtti 23 IzopaniSad 167 uttarAdhyayana (sUtra) 8. 52 upadezapada 23 upadezarahasya 47 upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA 16 upAsakadazAMgasUtra 150 upAsakAdhyayana 26 aupapAtikasUtra 225 karmaprakRtiTIkA 47 karmastavavRtti 25 kahAvalI 16 kAvyAnuzAsana 38. 36 kumArapAlacarita 35 kumArapAlapratibodha 33, 34 kUpadRSTAMtavizadIkaraNa 47 gAthAsahasrI 15 gItA 45 72 105, 235, 266 gurutattvavinizcaya 47 gommaTasAra 161 caityavandanabhASya 25 caityavaMdanasUtravRtti 23 chandazcUDAmaNiTIkA 47 chando'nuzAsana 38, 36 jambUdvIpakSetrasamAsavRtti 24 jinayajJakalpa 30 jIvAbhigamasUtralaghuvRtti 23 jainatarkabhASA 45, 47 jainendrasiddhAntakoza 40 jJAnapaMcakavivaraNa 25

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302 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jJAnabindu (prakaraNa) 47 jJAnasAra (aSTaka) 6, 11, 47, 48, 54, 83 / jJAnAnandabhASya 6 jJAnArNava 6, 12,28, 26, 32, 33, 36, 47.53, 122, 167, 182, 161, 162, 231, 234, 235, 236. 268, 266, 274 tattvatrayaprakAzinI 10 tattvaviveka 47 tattvavaizAradI 6 tattvAnuzAsana 10, 26. 32 tattvArtharAjavArtika 26, 262 tattvArthasUtra 8, 76, 78, 150, 152. 154, 158, 232 tattvArthasUtra-laghuvRtti 24 tapAgacchagurvAvalI 15 tiloyapaNNattI 253 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita 33, 37. 38, 36 trisUtryAlokavivaraNa 47 darpadalana 130 darzanasaptatikA 25 dazavaikAlikasUtra 262 dazavaikAlikaTIkA 23 dazavaikAlikavRtti 168 dazAzrutaskandhacUrNi 66 devadharmaparIkSA 47 dezInAmamAlA 38 dvayAzrayakAvya 33 dvayAzrayamahAkAvya 36, 38, 36 dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA 11, 47, 54, 57, 262, 271 dvAdazAranayacakra 16 dvijavadanacapeTA 24 dharmaparIkSA 47 dharmabindu 23. 106 dharmalAbhasiddhi 25 dharmasaMgraha 41 dharmasaMgrahaNI 26 dharmasAra 25 dhavalATIkA 162, 253 dhAtuparAyaNa 38 dhUrtAkhyAna 24 dhyAnacatuSTya 12 dhyAnadIpikA 11, 12 dhyAnamAlA 12 dhyAnavicAra 12 dhyAnazataka 6 dhyAnazAstra 10 dhyAnasAra 12 dhyAnastava 11 dhyAnasvarUpa 11 nandIguru 13 nandyadhyayanaTIkA 23 nayacakra 17 nayarahasya 47 nayavilAsa 10 nayopadeza 47 navayogakallolavRtti 7 nANAyattaka 25 nighaNTuzeSa 38 niyamasAra 8 nyAyakhaNDanakhaNDakhAdyaTIkA 47 nyAyadIpikA 45 nyAyapravezaTIkA 24 nyAyabinduTIkA 16 nyAyamaMjarI 16, 17 nyAyavinizcaya 25 nyAyAloka 47 nyAyAvatAravRtti 24 paMcaniyaMThI 25 paMcaliMgI 25 paMcavastuka 23 pacasUtravyAkhyA 24 paMcasaMgraha 26 paMcAstikAya 142 paMcAzaka 24 paramAtmaprakAza 6 paralokasiddhi 25 pariziSTaparva 38 pANDavapurANa 28 pAtaJjala-kaivalyapAda vRtti 47 pAtaJjalayogasUtra 1, 5, 6. 7. 8. 6. 12, 26, 33. 36, 45, 50, 51, 55, 61, 77, 81, 8.6, 60, 63, 111, 123, 124, 145, 170, 177. 182, 183. 184, 186, 188, 200, 203. 206. 210, 211,

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granthAnukramaNikA 303 212, 217, 221, 233, 236, 242, 243, 245, 246. 247, 260, 261, 262, 267, 270, 271, 273. 275, 276, 277 pAtaJjalayogasUtrabhASya 7. 188 pAtaJjalayogasUtrabhASya-vivaraNam 7 pAtaJjalayogasUtravRtti 54, 211 pAtaJjalarahasya 6 pAtaJjalarahasyaprakAza 7 pAhuDa dohA 10 piNDaniyuktivRtti 23 purAtanaprabandhakoza 33, 34 puruSArthasiddhayupAya 26 / prajJApanApradezavyAkhyA 23 pratimAzataka 47 pratimArathApananyAya 47 pratiSThAkalpa 25 pratiSThAsAroddhAra 30 prabandhakoSa 21, 33. 34 prabandhaciMtAmaNi 33. 34 prabhAvakacarita 21. 33, 35, 36, 37 pramANamImAMsA 38. 214 pramArahasya 47 pravacanasAra 8 pravacanasAroddhAra 253 prAkRtadvayAzrayamahAkAvya 38 prAkRtapaMcasaMgraha 30 boTikapratiSedha 25 bRhanmithyAtvamaMthana 25 bhaktAmaracarita 28, 31 bhaktAmarastotra 28 bhagavatIArAdhanA 30 bhagavatIsUtra 8, 253 bhASArahasya 47 bhAsvatI 6 maMgalavAda 47 maMtrarAjarahasya 253 maNiprabhA 7 manonuzAsana 12 mahAdevastotra 38 mahAbhArata 105, 265 mahAvIracarita 33 yogataraMgiNI 12 yogadRSTisamuccaya 6, 24, 26, 27, 53, 108, 166, 204, 230, 272 yogadRSTisvAdhyAyasUtra 12 yogadIpikA 7. 12 yogapradIpa 10, 12 yogapradIpikA 7 yogabindu 6, 24, 26, 27, 53. 72, 81, 86, 100, 106, 113, 116, 160, 272, 273 yogabhakti 12 yogabhedadvAtriMzikA 12 yogamAhAtmyadvAtriMzikA 12 yogayAjJavalkya 55, 270 yogaratnamAlA 13 yogaratnasamuccaya 12 mUlAcAra 232 mUlArAdhanA 30 mokSaprAbhRta 8, 6. 202 moharAjaparAjaya 33 yatidinakRtya 25 yatilakSaNasamuccaya 47 yazastilakacampU 26 yazodharacaritra 25 yogaratnAkara 13 yogaratnAvalI 12 yogalakSaNadvAtriMzikA 13 yogavArtika 6, 7 yogavAsiSTha 266 yogaviMzikA 6, 24 27. 53. 84, 113. 160. 272 yogavivaraNa 13 yogavivekadvAtriMzikA 12 yogazataka 6, 24, 27, 53, 65, 106, 116, 160 yogazAstra 2, 10, 30, 37, 38, 36, 54, 106, 123, 151, 213, 231, 235, 257, 266, 266 yogazikhopaniSad 55, 270 yogasaMkathA 12 yogasaMgraha 12 yogasaMgrahasAra 13 yogasaMgrahasAraprakriyA 13 yogasAra 6, 10. 13 yogasAraprAbhRta 6, 26

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304 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana yogasArasaMgraha 10 yogasiddhAntacandrikA 7 yogasiddhi 2. 52, 61, 104 yogasudhAkara 7 yogasUtra 6, 7. 27. 61, 135, 145, 148, 146. 156. 166, 171, 172, 173, 200, 242, 243, 246, 248, 266. 268, 266, 270, 275, 276, 277 yogasUtraTippaNa 7 yogasUtra-bRhatIvRtti 7 yogasUtrabhASya 7 yogasUtravRtti 7 yogasUtra-vaidikavRtti 7 yogasUtra-laghvIvRtti 7 yogAMga 12 yogAnuzAsana 12 yogAmRta 13 yogAvatAradvAtriMzikA 12, 81 yogAvatArabattIsI 11 yogiramA TIkA 10 yogIddIpana 10 rAjamArtaNDa 7 lagnazudvilagnakuNDaliyA 25 laghukSetrasamAsa 24 / laghukSetrasamAsavRtti 15, 24 lalitavistarA 23 liMgAnuzAsana saTIka 38 lokatattvanirNaya 24 vargakevalIsUtravRtti 24 vAdarahasya 47 vAsavadattA 17 vicArazreNi 15 vicArasAraprakaraNa 15, 16 vidyodayabhASya 7 viMzativiMzikA 24 vizeSAvazyakabhASya 8. 253 vedabAhyatAnirAkaraNa 25 vedAMkuza-dvijavadanacapeTA vairAgyakalpalatA 47 vairAgyazataka 12 zAntasudhArasa 12 zAstravArtAsamuccaya 24 zivasvarodaya 33 zrAvakadharmavidhiprakaraNa 24 zrAvakaprajJapti 24 zrIpAlarAjanorAsa 41 zrutasAgarIyatattvArthavRtti 253 SaTkhaNDAgama 162, 253 SaDdarzanasamuccaya 16, 17, 24 SoDazaka 6, 27, 77, 84 SoDazakaprakaraNa 24 SoDazakavRtti 47 saMgrahaNIvRtti 26 saMsAradAvAnalastuti 25 saMskRtadvayAzrayamahAkAvya 38 saMskRta AtmAnuzAsana 26 sapaMcAsittarI 26 samayasAra 8 samarAiccakahA 16, 17, 21, 24 samavAyAMgasUtra 168, 161 sambodhasittarI 26 samAdhitantra 8, 6, 26 samAdhidvAtriMzikA 12 samAdhizataka 6 sambodhaprakaraNa 24 sambodhasittarI 26 sarvajJasiddhi 24 sarvArthasiddhi 144, 174 sAmAcArIprakaraNa 47 sAmyazataka 12 sujasavelIbhAsa 40 subhASitaratnasaMdoha 6, 26, 30 sUtrakRtAMga(sUtra) 8, 52, 76 sUtrArthabodhinI 7 siddhahemaprazasti 33 siddhahema-prAkRtavRtti 38 siddhahema bRhavRtti 37 siddhahemabRhanyAsa 37 siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana 36 siddhahemalaghuvRtti 37 siddhAnta-tarkapariSkAra 47 stotratraya 47 stotrAvali 47

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granthAnukramaNikA sthAnAMga ( sUtra ) 852 syAdvAdkalpalatA 47 syAdvAdakucodhaparihAra 24 syAdvAdamaMjUSA 48 svAmI kArtikeyAnuprekSA 28 30 svAmi nArAyaNa bhASya 6 hiMsASTaka 24 hIrasaubhAgyam 42 hairaNyagarbhazAstra 266 305

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zabdAnukramaNikA aMtaraMga 83 aMtarAya 162 antarAya(karma) 70, 181, 183, 243 akalpitavRtti 251 akAmanirjarA 82, 115 akSINamahAnasa 261 akSINamahAnasika 261 agni-zikhAcAraNa 257 agocara 206 aghAtIkarma 183, 208 aghorabrahmacAritva 258 acaramAvartakAlIna 26 acaramAvartI 113, 116, 273 acetana 142 acauryANuvrata 153. 154 ajIva 123. 140, 141. 142, 186 ajJAna 160, 228, 278.278 ajJAnAvasthA 201 ajjhappayoga 52 aNimA 246, 255 aNuvekkhA 77 aNuvrata 4, 106, 113, 151. 152. 153, 156, 208, 278 aNuvrata dharma 106 atattva 164 atAttvikayoga 82 atikrAntabhAvanIya 101, 102 aticAra 150, 152, 153. 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 162, 163. 166 atithisaMvibhAgavata 161, 163 atibhArAropaNa 152 ativyApti 55 atIndriya 84 atyantAbhAva 62 adattAdAna 168 adveSa 28, 74, 106. 110, 111, 206. 274 adharma 141, 142, 143. 186 adhikArI 26, 27, 84, 85, 86.61, 62, 63, 67. 104, 113, 235, 240 adhigamaja samyagdarzana 127 adhodizApramANAtikrama 157 adhyavasAna 224 adhyavasAya 88, adhyAtma 26. 47, 48, 72. 73. 74, 75, 76, 80. 81, 86, 176, 160, 272 . adhyAtmadharma 66 adhyAtmamArga 66 adhyAtmayoga 52, 73. 74, 76, 77, 66. 106, 176, 208 adhyAtma-sAdhanA 61. adhyAtmasAra 11, 46. 47. 88, adhyAtmonnati 201 adhyAtmopaniSad 11, 47 anaMgakrIr3A 155 anagAra 180 anagAradharma 105, 116 anadhikArI 26, 27 ananuviddha 58 ananuSThAna 113, 115, 262 anantajJAna 200 anantadarzana 200 anantavIrya 200, 236 anantasukha 200, 236 anantAnubandhI 66, 167, 216 anarthadaNDavrata 157. 160 anazana 2, 3, 22, 110 anavacchinna 58 anavasthitakaraNa 162

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zabdAnukramaNikA 307 antarvRtti 215 antastapa 3 andhapASANa 63 annapAnanirodha 152 anyatvabhAvanA 176 anyamud 28, 78 apakarSa 161 apagama 76 apadhyAna 116, 160 aparama avasthA 253 aparigraha 4, 151, 155, 166, 172, 173, 208, 206, 248, 276 aparigrahamahAvrata 166 aparigrahItAgamana 155 apavartanA 184 apAya 227, apAyayukta 207 apAyavicaya 227, 228 apunarbandhaka 26, 65, 66.67.68, 106, 116, 160, 273 anastikAya 143 anAttAgamana 155 anAbhigrAhika mithyAtva 128 anAbhogikamithyAtva 128 anAyatana 176 anAlambana 2, 77, 83, 84, 160, 272 anAlambanadhyAna 85 anAlambanayoga 83, 84, 85, 88, 230 anAsrava 82, anAsravayoga 82, 83, anAhatatraya 231 anAhatadeva 231 anitya anuprekSA 236 anitya bhAvanA 175 anivRttikaraNa 131, 167, 168 anivRttibAdara 163, anivRttisamparAyaguNasthAna 165 aniSTasaMyoga ArtadhyAna 226 anukampA 116, 126 anugraha 74 anujJApita pAna-anna-azanagrahaNa 171 anupAdheya 62 anuprekSA 2. 6. 77. 145, 234, 236 anumAna 133 anumAnaprajJA 133 anumAnapramANa 60 anuyogadvAravivRtti 23 anurAga 100 anuviddha 58 anuSThAna 73, 86, 87, 88, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 121, 142, 203, 206, 220, 222, 223, 241, 262 anekAntadRSTi 214 anekAntavAda 22. 135, 136, 137, 140, 267, 268 antarAtmA 160 161, 201, 202, 203, 204, 246 antarAya 162, 243 antaHkaraNa 1.2, 70, 126, 211, 243 antaHsalInatA 52 antardhAna 25, 256 antarmukhI 214 antarmuhUrta 70, 78, 164, 166, 166, 236 apUrvakaraNa 131, 163. 167 apratighAta 256 apratipAti 207 apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa 165 apratyupekSita-duSpratyupekSita zayyA-saMstAraka 163 apratyupekSita-duSpratyupekSita uccAra-prasavaNabhUmi 163 apramAjita-duSpramAjita zayyA-saMstAraka 163 apramAjita-duSpramAjita uccArAdibhUmi 163 apramatta 204 apramattasaMyata 163, 166. 167, 236 apramAda 68, 82, 83 aprazasta 224 abrahma 154, 168 abrahmacarya 224 abhavya 63 abhavyajIva 116, 130, 273 abhavyatva 116, 273 abhiniveza 127, 136 abhinnadazapUrvI 255 abhimAna 61 abhiSavAhAra 158 |

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308 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana abhIkSNa-avagrahayAcana 171 abhyAsa 1, 6, 62, 85, 61, 101, 105, 121, 127, 131, 140, 147, 161, 181, 186, 275 amUrta 85, 231, 235, 143 amUDhadRSTi 125 amRtAnuSThAna 113, 116 amogha 223 ayoga 56, 85, 241, 271 ayogakevalI 76, 80, 81, 163, 201, 241 ayogakevalIguNasthAna 80, 240 ayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA 38 ayogijina 201 ayogikevali 201 ayogakevalijina 204 ayogIkevalI 101 aravindapUrva Asana 213 arihanta 236 arUpI 108, 141 arUpI Alambana 84, 234 artha 83, 84, 87. 112, 238, 242 arthajJAna 112 ardhaparyaMkAsana 213 ardhapudgalaparAvartana 65 ardhamithyAtvI 164 ardhasamyaktvI 164 arvAcInayuga 7, 11 arhat 235 arhantapada 105 aloka 236 alokAkAza 143 alaukika 247 alpabhavI 82 alpAhAra 275 avagraha 245 avaJcaka 103 avaJcakayoga 27 avadhijJAna 82, 133 avadhijJAnaRddhi 254 avandhya 223 avazyAyacAraNa 257 avasthitatapa 258 avikAsa 186, 160, 201, 246 avicAra 238, 243 avidyA 61, 78, 127, 126, 126, 135, 136, 140, 145, 146, 182, 205, 275 aviratasamyagdRSTi 163, 165 avirati 67. 145, 163 avyakta 124, 186, 275 avrata 67 avedyasaMvedya 214 avedyasaMvedyapada 207 avyApti 55 azaraNa anuprekSA 236 azaraNabhAvanA 176 azuklAkRSNa 182 azucitvabhAvanA 176 azuddhikSaya 206 azubha 65, 100, 225 azubhakarma 144, 184 azubhayoga 51, 144, 178, 246 azubhAzaya 204 azubhopayoga 160, 161, 203, 204, 246 azvAsana 213 aSTapAhuDa 8 aSTapravacanamAtA 173 aSTAMgamahAnimitta 255 aSTAMgayoga 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 26, 33, 55, 83, 62, 105, 111, 147. 176, 186, 206, 267. 268, 275, 276, 278 aSTAMgayogamArga 4, 8, 10 asaMga 27, 87. 248 asaMgatA 222 asaMgayoga 87 asaMgAnuSThAna 34, 87, 222 asaMtoSa 206 asaMyatasamyagdRSTi 165 asaIposaM (asatIpoSaNa) 160 asatya 152, 168, 164, 224, 227 asattRSNA 211 asaddhyAna 204 asadanuSThAna 113. 114 asamprajJAta 50, 57, 86

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zabdAnukramaNikA asamprajJAtayoga 56. 61 62.80 81 86 166. 271, 272 asamprajJAtasamAdhi 57.6180 81 82, 116, 242. 243, 271, 272, 277 asammoha 240 asAtAvedanIya 100, 144 astikAya 143 asteya 4 151 153, 169 186 208. 206248. 276 asteyamahAvrata 166, 170, 171 asteyANuvrata 153 asthirIkaraNa 130 aspRhA 210 asmitA 50, 56, 60, 127, 136, 140 146 asmitAnugata 242, 272 asmitAnugatasamprajJAtayoga 58 56 60 272 asmitAnugatasamprajJAtasamAdhi 60 ahaMkAra 56 60, 62 ahiMsA (vrata) 4 150 151 152, 169, 186 208. 206, 248, 260, 276 ahiMsANuvrata 151 ahiMsAmahAvrata 166 AkAramauna 210 AkAza 141, 142, 143, 186 AkAzagAmitvaRddhi 256, 257 AkAMkSA 85 126 130 AkRti 276 Agama 123, 222 Agama (pramANa) 60 AgamakAla 11 Agamayuga 7 13 AgamazravaNa 66 AgamAnuSThAna 7 AgneyI 225, 235 AgneyI dhArA 226235 AcAra 86111, 112, 121, 185, 186, 17, 267. 276, 275 AjJAvicaya 225 227, 228 ATha aMga 206 ATha guNa 206 ATha doSa 206 ATha yogAMga 206 AtmaciMtana 2, 3, 210 AtmajJAna 54 Atmatattva 65 Atmadarzana 54 Atmadharma 116 AtmapariNAma 67, 224 Atmabalasthairya 68 Atmapradeza 236 AtmavikAsa 68. 201 207 AtmavyApAra 83 Atmazakti 162 AtmasaMprekSaNa 74. 75 AtmasaMyata 67 AtmA 11, 32, 53, 54 62, 63, 65, 66, 71, 73. 76,78,76,80, 83, 84, 85,87,88,60,64, 66, 67, 66, 110, 115, 116, 123, 133, 141, 144, 145, 146, 181, 182, 187, 188, 160, 161 162. 163, 197, 201 202 204, 205 207, 226, 230, 231 235, 237, 236, 241. 244 AtmAnuSThAna 8 AtmAlocana 60 Atmonnati 201 Atyantika 80 309 AdAnasamiti bhAvanA 166 AdAnanikSepasamiti 175 Adarza 248. 250 AdyAvaJcaka 103 AdhyAtmika vikAsa 85 16 106 186. 188. 160, 164 165, 166, 201, 202, 204, 206, 214, 246, 247, 277, 278 AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama 72 80, 188. 186. 160. 203.204, 206, 277, 278 Ananda 58, 60 AnandAnugata 242. 272 AnandAnugatasamprajJAtayoga 58. 56 AnandAnugatasamprajJAtasamAdhi 58, 56 Anayana 162 Antarika 188 AbhigrAhika mithyAtva 128

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310 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana Abhinivezika mithyAtva 128 Abhyantara 3, 4, 110, 210, 248 Abhyantara tapa 3. 110, 266 Abhyantaravarga 248 AbhyantaravRtti 214 Abhyantara zauca 210, 246 AmaraNAnta 235 AmISadhi 256 AmrakubjikAsana 213 Ayukarma 113, 236 AyuSya 102, 183 AyuSyakarma 80 AyojyakaraNa 71, Arambha 151 ArambhavarjanapratimA 165 ArambhI hiMsA 151 ArurukSu 62 ArohaNakrama 101 Arjava 240 ArtadhyAna 161, 178, 224, 226 Alambana 27, 56, 60, 83, 84, 85, 87, 186, 160, 226, 230, 231, 232, 234, 235, 238, 243, 272 Alambanayoga 85 AlokitapAnabhojanabhAvanA 166 AlocanA Alocya-bhASaNa 170 Alocya-avagrahayAcana 171 AvaraNa 161, 246 Avazyaka 234 Avazyakakarma 116, 165 AvazyakakriyA 76 Azaya 63, 204 azubhakarma 184 AzIrviSa 260 AsaMga(doSa) 28, 78 Asana 2,4,5,6, 10,36, 52, 83, 84, 86, 118, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 228, 232, 234, 246, 266, 270, 276 Asana-siddhi 212 AstikatA 63 Astikya 116, 126 Asrava 51, 56, 140, 141, 144, 145 AsravabhAvanA 176 AsyanirviSa 260 AhAra 117 iMgAlakamma (aMgArakarma) 156 icchA 27, 66, 86, 87, 206, 272 icchAnirodha 2 icchAparimANa (vrata) 151, 155, 156 icchAyama 103, 206 icchAyoga 26, 66, 67, 72, 86, 272 itvaraparigRhItAgamana 155 itvarAttAgamana 155 indriya 244 indriyakaSAya 36 indriyajaya 148, 206 indriyasaMyama 61 indriyasiddhi 206, 246 iSTaviyoga ArtadhyAna 226 iSTApUrta karma 214 iSTopadeza 8, 26 ihAlokAzaMsA prayoga 166 IryAsamiti 174 IryAsamitibhAvanA 166 IrSyA 74, 76, 245 Izitva 246, 256 Izvara 118, 124 IzvarapraNidhAna 1, 2, 55, 57. 62. 111, 121, 124, __ 131, 186, 210, 211, 246, 266, 275 ugratapa 257, 258 ugraviSa 113 ugrogratapa 258 uccATana 230 utkaTikAsana 78, 213 utkRSTa sthiti 65 uttama 62 uttamasaMhanana 78, 223 utthAna 27, 78, 214 utpAda 228, 276 utsargasamiti 174 utsannakriyA'pratipAti 240

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zabdAnukramaNikA utsannadoSatva 227 udaya 60, 62, 80, 81,66, 100, 184, 161, 164, 165, 166, 167, 200, 214, 228 udvartanA 184 udAnavAyu 251 udIraNA 184 uddiSTabhaktavarjanapratimA 165 udyogI hiMsA 151 udreka 56 udvega 27 78 76, 206, 210 unmajjana 247 upagUDhana 125 upagUhana 125 237 upazamana 180, 184 upazama zreNI 164, 167, 168, 166 upazAntakaSAya 236 upazAntamoha 163 upadrava 210 upaniSad 266 upabRMhA 125 upabRMhaNa 125 upabhogAtirekatA 160 upayoga 142 203 ogha 192 upazama 66. 184, 161, 194, 166 167, 168, 203, oghadRSTi 26. 160 205 206, 206278 upasaMpadA 56 upAdeya 6. 62. 202213 upAdhi 114 upAya 63 upAyapratyaya 61, 62, 63, 116, 242, 272 upAyapratyayasamprajJAtayoga 62, 63, 242 upekSA 74, 77 uSTraniSadanAsana 212 UrNa 27, 83 84 87 160 272 UnodarI 3, 110 UrdhvadizApramANAtikrama 157 Rta 225 RtambharA 101 RtambharAprajJA 58, 60, 61127, 131133, 275 Rddhi 114, 247, 248. 253 262 ekatAnatA 224 ekatva-vitarka avicAra 81238 ekatva anuprekSA 236 ekAkAra 242 ekAkAravRtti 78 ekAgra (bhUmi) 84 85 188. 186234, 242. 245, 277 ekAgratA 54 56, 60, 62, 7, 83, 84, 63, 148. 206, 217, 237, 242 ekAgracitta 245 246 ekAgracintA 223 ekAgracintAnirodha 78, 223, 225, 237 ekAgramanaH sannivezanA 277 ekAgrAvasthA 50, 272 ekatvavitarka- avicAra 238 277 ekAgrIkaraNa 230 ekAtmikA 60 eSaNAsamiti 174 eSaNAsamiti bhAvanA 169 ogha saMjJA 115 autpattikI 255 audAyika 192 aupazamika 162 aupazamika samyagdarzana 127 auSadhaRRddhi 256 auSadhi 6, 252 kathAkoSa 25 kadAgrahatyAga 47 kanaka-pASANa 63 karaNa 130, 150 karaNalabdhi 130 kandarpa 160 kanyAlIka 153 karuNA 77, 232 311 karuNAbhAvanA 233 karma 6, 76, 66, 106, 145, 158, 181, 182, 226, 247 264 karmakSaya 247 karmajA 255 karmanirjarA 88

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312 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karmapudgala 145, 182 karmaprakRti 183 karmaphala 228 karmabandha 51, 76, 88, 65, 184 karmabandhana 6, 53, 113 karmabhUmi 63, 102, 116, 273 karmamAlinya 205 karmayoga 1, 27, 83, 87, 88, 86, 60, 264, 272 karmavipAka 6, 183 karmavizuddhi 161 karmasaMyoga 80, 81 karmasampadA 253 karmAsrava 176 karmAdAna 158, 156 kaSAya 32, 51, 74, 64, 67, 145, 167, 163, 165, 166, 168, 166, 200 kAntA(dRSTi) 205, 220, 222 kApota(lezyA) 234, 235 kAma 76, 113 kAmatIvrAbhiniveza 155 kAmarUpitva 256 kAyakleza 3, 110 kAyagupti 174 kAyaduSpraNidhAna 162 kAyabala(Rddhi) 256 kAyayoga 236, 240 kAyasiddhi 206 kAyotsarga 4, 5, 8, 71, 84, 165, 176, 213, 214, kumbhaka 214, 215 kulayogI 26, 27, 102, 103, 104, 120, 274 kuzalacitta 56 kUTatulA-kUTamAna 154 kUTalekhakaraNa 153 kUTasAkSI 153 kUrcAlIzArada 44 kriyA 8, 86, 86, 60 kriyARddhi 256 kriyAkANDa 60 kriyAyoga 1, 2, 6, 47. 55, 62, 105, 110, 111, 117, 186, 266, 270, 275 kriyAvaJcaka 103, 104 kriyAzuddhi 67 krodha 76. 106, 113, 168, 168, 210 krodha-pratyAkhyAna 170 krauMcaniSadanAsana 212 krauMcAsana 213 kevalajJAna 6, 66, 70, 80, 81, 82, 85, 86, 133, 162, 200, 236, 240, 241 kevalajJAnaRddhi 254 kevalajJAnadarzana 76 kevalajJAnI 234 kevaladarzana 236 kevali avasthA 85 kevalI 243 kesavANijja (kezavANijya) 156 kaivalya 6, 60, 62, 63, 66, 70, 80, 81, 82, 85, 86, 121, 131, 133, 186, 201, 203. 204, 236, 240, 241, 247, 251, 252. 275 kaivalyaprAgbhAra 203 kaivalyAvasthA 203 koDAkoDIsAgara 65 koDAkoDIsAgaropama 65 koSThakabuddhi 254 kautkucya 160 kRtajJa 112 kRndana 234 kRSNa 182, 234, 235 kRSNapakSa 66 kRcchra 110 265 kAyotsarga pratimA 164 kAyotsargAsana 213 kAryakAraNabhAva 56 kAryakAraNasiddhAnta 182 kAruNya(bhAvanA) 73, 76, 77, 236 kAla 74, 141, 142, 143, 186, 232, 276 kAlajJAna 36 kAlalabdhi 65 kAlAtikramadAna 163 kASThamauna 210 kutarka 214 kupya-pramANAtikrama 156 |

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zabdAnukramaNikA 313 klaoNTa 34 kliSTa 54 kleza 6. 17, 140 klezakarma 242 kSapaka 168, 203 kSapakazreNI 70, 71, 80.85, 167, 166, 203 kSamA 106, 180. 210 kSaya 2.51, 54,74,76, 80,81,88.86.66. 101, 145, 186, 161. 163, 167, 168, 166, 201, 237. 240, 241, 247 kSayopazama 71, 86, 87, 66, 104, 130, 161, 167, 205 kSAyika 70, 162 kSAyika samyagdarzana 127 kSAyopazamika 70, 71, 162 kSAyopazamika samyagdarzana 127 kSipta(bhUmi) 188, 186, 278 kSiptacitta 245 kSINa 76, 18, 166, 247, 246, 278 kSINakaSAya 166, 204, 236 kSINakaSAya chadmastha 166 kSINakaSAya vItarAga chadamastha 166 kSINamoha 163 kSIrAsrAvI 260 kSudhA-pipAsA 210 kSetra 74, 276 kSetra-vAstu-pramANAtikrama 156 kSetravRddhi 157 kSepa 27. 78 kSvelauSadhi 256 kheda 26, 206, 206, 245 gajAMkuzanyAya 246 gajAsana 213 gaNadharadeva 253 gaNiRddhi 253 garAnuSThAna 113, 114. 115 garimA 246, 256 guNa 134, 135, 188, 161, 162, 214 guNavrata 150, 157, 160, 210, 276 guNazreNI ArohaNa 163 guNasthAna 71, 72, 74, 80, 81, 82, 85, 66, 67, 101, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 166, 200, 201, 204, 236, 240, 246, 272 guNasthAna kramArohaNa 162, 163 guNasthAna-paramparA 161, 278, 276 gupti 2.54, 83, 145, 168, 173, 174, 180, 271 guru 27, 106, 118, 123, 274 guruvaMdana 88, 176 gotrakarma 183 gotrayogI 26, 102, 103 godohikA Asana 213 golIka 153 granthi 68 granthibheda 76, 67, 68, 66, 204, 272 gRhasthadharma 105, 113, 276 ghAtIkarma 183, 162, 236 ghoraguNabrahmacAritA 257, 258 ghoratapa 258 ghoraparAkramatA 257, 258 ghrANendriyaviSayarAga-dveSavarjana 173 cakSurindriyaviSayarAga-dveSavarjana 173 caturviMzatistava 88, 165, 178, 176 candraprabhA 207 caramapudgalaparAvartana 208 caramapudgalAvarta 116, 273 caramAvartakAla 113 caramAvartakAlIna 26 caramAvartI 66, 116. 116, 273 caramAvasthA 61, 201 cAndrAyaNa 100 cAraNaRddhi 256 cAraNalabdhi 257 cAritra 2.3.8,6,65, 72, 75, 76, 76, 80, 86, 63. 64, 66, 100, 103, 124, 142, 145, 147. 148, 146, 161, 167. 178, 176, 160, 161, 163. 168, 200, 210, 232, 267, 276, 278 cAritraguNa 100 cAritradharma 66. 101 cAritrI 26, 27, 86, 64, 65, 66, 100, 101, 102, 113, 116, 273 cAritramoha 162, 163

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314 cAritramohanIya 65, 162 cAritramohanIyakarma 71,162, 165, 167 cAritrazuddhi 73. 166 cAritra sAmAyika 177 citta 5, 1157, 60, 61 62. 76, 78.84,63,68. 66.108.110, 177, 185 186 161 206214, 227, 231, 232, 234, 238, 242, 245, 246, 247, 246, 272, 276 cittanirodha 52 228. 245 cittavRtti 1131, 161, 233, 242 cittavRttinirodha 136, 50 51 54 56, 62. 61, 124, 127, 131, 186, 1860 266, 271, 272. 275 cittavikalpa 188 cittazuddhi 63 64, 116, 147, 237 cittaikAgratA 52 cittaur3a 20 cidAnandasvarUpa 231 cintana 83. 66. 230 cintA 86 233 cintAnirodha 78 cinmaya 206 cUrNi 8 cetanA 54 142. 145 203 caitanya 84, 141, 142 caityavandana 116 corI 234 caudahapUrvitva 255 caurya 232 cauryAnubandhI 234 chadmastha 166224, 240 chaviccheda 152 cheda 152 chedApasthApanAcAritra 148, 149 jaMgama 142 jaMghAcAraNa 257 jantapIlaNakamma (yantrapIr3anakarma) 156 jaghanya sthiti 65 jar3a-bharata 62 janma 6 252 japa 10, 27, 74, 66, 124, 177, 210, 212, 264 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana japayoga 1, 264 jambUdvIpa 20 jalacAraNa 257 jallauSadhi 256 jijJAsA 206 206 jIva 26 65 66 65 66 68. 100, 101 111, 113, 123, 124, 130 140 141, 142, 143. 145177, 182, 186, 160, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 166, 200, 201, 202, 204205238 jIvanmukta 133 jIvanmukti 80 jIvasamAsa 191 192 jIvasthAna 160, 161, 192 jIvAtmA 83 jIvitAzaMsA prayoga 166 jugupsA 206 jaina AcAra 266 jainatattvajJAna 266 jainadarzana 1380, 121, 122, 123, 132. 134, 135, 136, 137, 140, 141, 143, 145 146, 185 186, 160, 165, 200, 211, 242, 243, 273, 275, 276, 277, 278 jainadharma 105 167 jaina- paramparA 8, 13, 32, 44, 52, 54, 56, 102, 105, 106, 110, 116, 118, 116, 120, 121, 122. 124, 126, 130, 133, 135, 143, 146, 147, 146, 150, 156, 165, 167, 168 177, 181 182, 184, 186, 187, 192, 167, 201, 204, 206208, 212, 234, 242, 245, 246, 247, 253, 262, 266, 268, 270, 271, 273, 276, 277 jainayoga 1, 2, 7, 6, 6, 12, 122, 187, 214, 264, 266, 268, 266, 273, 275, 276, 277, 276 jainayoga- paramparA 6, 32, 121, 131, 187, 212, 213 jainayoga-sAdhanA 266 jaina - sAdhanA 177, 187 jainAgama 7.8 joga 52 jogavaM 52 jogavAhitA 52

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zabdAnukramaNikA 315 jyotirazmicAraNa 257 jJAna 8. 36, 58, 56, 65, 73. 75, 76, 76, 83. 85, 86, 86, 63, 67, 115, 123, 124, 131, 132, 133, 142, 161, 167, 176, 188, 160, 161. 168, 205, 214, 232, 233, 243, 250, 251, 264, 273. 275, 276, 278 jJAnakevalI 241 jJAnadarzana 211 jJAnayoga 1, 27, 83, 87, 88, 86, 60, 186, 264, 266 jJAnarAjya 204 jJAnAvaraNa 162, 243 jJAnAvaraNakarma 70 jJAnAvaraNIya 241 jJAnopayoga 64 jJeya 8, 133. 134, 141, 243 taMtrayoga 6, 233, 266, 268, 266, 270 taMtrazAstra 236 tattva 140, 141, 186 tattvajJAna 112, 122, 123, 206, 232 tattvajJAnI 64 tattvadarzana 205 tattvapratipatti 226 tattvabuddhi 76 tattvaruci 163 tattvarUpavatI dhAraNA 230 tattvazravaNa 211, 214 tattvAvabodha 113 taddhetu anuSThAna 113, 115, 116 tanAva 164, 167 tantra 32 tantrayAna 267 tantrayoga 6, 10, 33. 36, 55, 70, 266, 268, 266 tanmAtrA 243 tapa 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 27. 32, 55, 57, 73, 76, 88, 86, 62, 67. 66, 106, 106, 110, 111, 121, 124, 132, 146, 165, 168, 186, 210, 211, 212, 247, 246, 252, 253, 254, 255, 264, 266, 266, 271, 274, 275, 276. 277 tapaRddhi 257 tapadharma 276 tapayoga 1, 264 tapazcaryA 3 tapasyA 247 taptatapa 257, 258 tapoyoga 1.3 tamoguNa 186, 245 tarka 121 taskaraprayoga(aticAra) 154 tADana 234 tAttvikayoga 82 tAmasa 56, 81 tArakajJAna 200 tArA(dRSTi) 205, 206, 211 tArkika 44 titikSA 106, 210 tiryaMcagati 234 tiryagdizA-pramANAtikrama 157 tIrthaMkara 65, 84 tIvrabodha 68 tuccha-auSadhi-bhakSaNa 158 tyAga 74, 274 tyAgadharma 106 trasa162 trilocana 17 trividha AtmA 278 trividha upayoga 204, 246, 278 trividha pariNAma 6 trividhayoga 65, 72 tRSNA 210 dagdha 63 daNDAsana 212, 213 daMtavANijja (dantavANijya) 156 daNDapadmAsana 213 dambhatyAga 47 darzana 36, 73, 75, 76. 62, 63, 103, 121, 123, 142, 167. 176, 188, 161, 168, 211, 232, 240 darzanapratimA 164 darzanamoha 162, 163. 167 darzanamohanIya(kama) 66, 162, 163. 166, 205 darzanasaptatikA 25

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316 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana dezavirati 26.74. 66, 160, 163, 165, 166, 235, 272 darzanAvaraNa 70, 162, 243 darzanAvaraNIya(karma) 182 davaggidAvaNayA yA davadANavaNijjA 156 dazapUrvitva, 255 dazavidhadharma 2, 180 dAna 106, 108, 274 dAnta 235 diGmUr3hatA 233 digvrata 157, 160 divyadarzana 246 divyazravaNa 246 divyazrotra 248 dIptatapa 257, 258 dIprA(dRSTi) 205, 213, 214, 215, 216 dIrghadarzI 113 duHkha 6 duHkhahetu 6 durgati 204, 214 durdhyAna 116, 232 duryodhanAsana 213 duSTa graha 230 duSTatA 234 duSpakvAhAra-bhakSaNa 158 dUraghrANatva 254 dUradarzitva 254 dUrazravaNa 246 dUrazravaNatva 254 dUrasparzatva 254 dUrAsvAdana 254 dUrasvAditva 254 dRSTAnnapAnagrahaNa bhAvanA 166 dRSTi 115, 123, 204, 226 dRSTinirviSa 260 dRSTivAda 214 dRSTivibhAjana 204 dRSTiviSa 260 devaRddhi 253 devapUjana 108, 274 devapUjA 165 devavandana 74, 75 dezanA 65, 130 dezavirata 146 dezaviratacAritrI 101 dezavrata 157 dezAvakAzika vrata 161, 162 doSa 75, 206, 214, 241 dravya 11,74, 108, 134, 135, 141, 143, 181, 276 dravyapUjana 108 dravyazauca 210 dravyasamyagdarzana 127 dravyahiMsA 151, 152 draSTA 1 dvandva 210 dvAdazAnuprekSA 36, 175 dvipada-catuSpada-pramANAtikrama 156 dveSa 74, 78, 76, 68, 66, 100, 103, 110, 136. 140, 145, 146, 147, 161, 177, 180, 206, 208, 213, 214, 226, 231, 245 durdhyAna 204 dhana-dhAnya-pramANAtikrama 156 dharma 71, 87, 86, 66, 67, 121, 140, 141, 142, 143, 145, 147. 186, 234, 276 dharmadhyAna 5, 36, 52, 83, 178, 232, 234, 235, 236, 237, 241 dharmabhAvanA 176 dharmameghasamAdhi 6, 61, 86, 237 dharmavyApAra 63. 64. 67.68, 70.71, 72. 75, 104, 270, 278 dharmazravaNa 64, 112. 116 dharmasaMnyAsayoga 71, 241 dharmasAdhanA 86 dharmasUtra 105 dharmAstikAya 240 dharmI 243, 276 dharmottara 16 dhInirodha 52 dhruvamArga 230 dhrauvya 236, 276 dhUrtatA 234 dhAraNA 2, 4, 6, 10, 212, 228, 226, 230, 231,

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zabdAnukramaNikA 317 dhyAtA 51, 231, 232, 241, 242 niruddhacitta 245, 246 dhyAna 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 6, 10, 11, 12, 26, 30, niruddhAvasthA 50, 61, 186, 272 32, 33, 47, 72, 77, 78, 76, 80, 82, 84, 85, nirupakrama 250 86, 88, 86, 60, 66, 110, 118, 176, 186, nirodha 1, 8, 51, 54, 57, 56, 61, 80, 81, 128, 161, 210, 212, 213, 226, 218, 230, 231, 131, 133, 136, 137, 145, 161, 168, 176, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 238, 236, 240, 163, 201, 214, 215 217, 234, 240, 242, 241, 242, 243, 247, 246, 252, 253, 264, 271, 277 266, 267, 266, 271, 272, 273. 276, 277 / nirguNa brahma 201 dhyAnabhUmi 56, 267 nirjarA 2, 4, 63, 88, 140, 141, 145, 146. 176. dhyAnayoga 1, 77, 78, 76, 264, 266 164, 231 dhyAnazreNI 232 nirjarA bhAvanA 176 dhyAnasaMtati 232 nijIrNa 2 dhyAna-sAdhanA 122, 234, 270 nijIrNatA 2 dhyeya 51, 60, 78, 84, 85, 202, 231, 232, 234, nirdayatA 234 235, 237, 238, 241, 242 nirbIja 186 nakSatraprabhA 207 nirbIjayoga 272 nADIzuddhi 33, 36 nirbIjasamAdhi 57. 62, 128, 131, 242, 243, 272 nAtha-paramparA 221 nirmANacitta 6 nAtha-sampradAya 268 niyukti 8 nAnAcittaprakaraNa 25 nirupakrama 250 nAnAdoSatva 227 nirvANa 81, 85, 201, 201, 204, 236, 241, nAma(karma) 183 nirvikalpa 203, 232 nikAcanA 184 nirvikalpaka 241 nigraha 2 nirvikalpajJAna 73 nidAna ArtadhyAna 236 nirvikalpasamAdhi 4, 168 nidrA 133. 135 nirvicikitsA 125 nidhatti 184 nirvitarka 58 nimajjana 247 nirveda 116, 126 niyama 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 36.51, 52, 55, 106, 111, nirvicAra 243 124, 125, 147, 148, 177, 206, 207, 206, nirvicAra samprajJAtayoga 56 210, 211, 228, 248, 270, 276, 278 nirvitarka samprajJAtayoga 58 niraMjana 231 nirvairabhAva 208 niraticAra 241 niHkAMkSita 125 niranubandha(yoga) 82 niHzaMkita 125 niravadyayoga 161 nillaMchaNakamma (nirlAJchaNakarma) 156 nirAlambana 84. 232, 238 nivRtta 66 nirAlambanadhyAna 235, 244 nivRtti 32, 71, 64, 100, 106, 117, 176, 167, nirAlambanayoga 272 . 237 nirAlambanasamAdhi 272 nivRttimArga 105 niruddha 50, 61, 128, 188, 186, 236, 245 nivRttibAdaraguNasthAna 167 niruddhabhUmi 186 niSpannayogI 26. 102. 104

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318 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana nizcaya(dRSTi) 65, 237 nizcaya cAritra 147, 146 nizcaya va vyavahAra naya 272 nizcayayoga 64, 65, 66 nizcayasamyagdarzana 127 nisargasamyagdarzana 127 nIla(lezyA) 226, 227 nIhAracAraNa 257 nyAsApahAra 153 paMcanamaskAramantra 231 paJcatanmAtrA 62, 72 patana 165 patanAvasthA 164 patitAvasthA 202, 206 patracAraNa 257 padastha(dhyAna) 33, 225, 228, 226, 230, 231, 235, 266, 277 padmalezyA 236 padamAsana 212, 213, 265 padAnusArI 254 padArtha 64, 140 parakAyapraveza 36 paradAratyAga 155 paradAraviramaNavrata 154 parapASaNDaprazaMsA 126 parapASaNDI-saMstava 126 parapIr3AparihAra 106 parama avasthA 253 paramaguru 211 paramapada 66 paramapuruSArtha 105 paramavairAgya 102 paramazuklalezyA 240 paramasamAdhi 50 paramahaMsa 21 paramAtmatattva 85 paramAtmapada 201 paramAtmA 53, 160, 161, 201, 202, 203, 231,246 paramAvazyatA 277 paramezvara prANAyAma 215 paralokAzaMsA prayoga 166 paravairAgya 62, 251 paravyapadeza 163 parazarIrapraveza 248 parasaMsarga 206 parA(dRSTi) 205, 241, 243 parArthakUpa 214 parigraha 155, 168, 172, 224 parigrahaparimANa aNuvrata 155 pariNAma 66 pariNAmatraya 246 paridevana 234 parimita-avagrahayAcana 171 parivartanA 234 parihAravizuddhi cAritra 148, 146 parISaha 64 parISahajaya 2, 145, 180 parokSa 132 paropakAra 214 paryakabandha 84, 213 paryakAsana 5, 212, 213 paryAptaka 65 paryAya 134, 135, 211, 238 palyopama 66, 100 pavanajaya 33, 260 pAtaJjalayoga-paddhati 1,4 pAtaJjalayoga-paramparA 101, 116. 120, 124, 130, 186, 187. 161 pAtaJjalayogazAstra 81 pApa 51, 140, 141 pApasUdana 110 pApAsrava 140 pApopadeza 160 pAramArthikapratyakSa 132 pAramArthikayoga 82 pAralaukikasukha 118 pAriNAmikI 255 pArthivI (dhAraNA) 225, 226, 233, 235. pAhuDa dohA 10 piNDastha(dhyAna) 33. 225, 228, 226, 230, 235, 236, 266, 277 pItalezyA 236

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zabdAnukramaNikA 319 puNya 51. 140, 144, 153. 274 puNyabandha 82 puNyAzaya 204 puNyAsrava 140 pudgala 141, 142, 143, 144, 186 pudagala-kSepaNa 162 puruSa 57, 141, 186, 187, 271 puruSArtha 185, 187, 201 puSpacAraNa 257 pUjA 106 pUraka 214, 215 pUrNatA 201, 246 pUrNayoga 242 pUrNAnanda 201 pUrNAvasthA 201 pUrvajJAna 214 pUrvabaddhakarma 236 pUrvabhUmikA 106, 111 pUrvasaMcita(karma) 100 pUrvasevA 26, 27, 67, 66, 106, 111, 165, 274, 278 pRcchanA 234 pRthaktvavitarka-avicAra 277 pRthaktvavitarka-vicAra 81 pRthaktvasavitarka-savicAra 243, 277 pauSadhapratimA 164 pauSadhavrata 161, 162, 163 pauSadhopavAsavrata 162, 163 prakarSa 168 prakRti 56, 62, 124, 141, 186 prakRtilaya 62 prajJA 58, 62, 63. 63. 116, 125, 246, 272, 274 prajJAjyoti 101, 102 prajJAprakarSa 21 prajJAzramaNaRddhi 255 praNava 124, 210, 231 praNidhAna 63. 64, 211, 212 pratikramaNa 75, 76, 116, 165, 177. 178, 176, pratipatti 26, 234 pratipAti 207 pratimA 84, 164. 165 pratirUpaka vyavahAra 154 pratisaMlInatA 3, 4, 277 pratyakSa 132 pratyAkhyAna 165, 176 pratyAhAra 2, 4, 10, 21, 52. 228, 246, 276, 277. 278 pratyekabuddhi 255 prathamakalpika 101 pradeza 232 prabuddha 102 prabhA(dRSTi) 205, 222, 241 prabhAvanA 125 pramattayoga 151, 154 pramattasaMyata 163, 166, 200, 236 pramANa 133, 135 pramAda 67. 145, 163. 166. 200, 235 pramAdAcarita 160 prameya 134 pramoda 73. 76, 77, 232, 233 pramodabhAvanA 233, 236 pravRttacakrayogI 26, 27, 102, 103, 104 pravRttamAtrajyoti 101 pravRtti 27, 28, 63, 64, 86, 87. 100, 117. 206 pravRttidharma 106 pravRttimArga 105 pravRttiyama 103 pravRttiyoga 86 prazama 226 prazastadhyAna 204 prazAntabhAva 230 prazAntavAhitA 230 prAkAmya 246, 256 prAjJazramaNa 255 prANa 214 prANavAyu 214 prANAyAma 2, 5, 8, 6, 10, 30, 36, 52, 118, 131, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 218, 216, 220, .246, 266, 268, 266, 270, 276, 277 prAtibha 248, 250 prAtibhajJAna 47, 200, 275, 276 prApti 246, 256 mata 5C

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320 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prAyazcita 3, 21, 110, 176 prAyogya 130 prArabdha 86 priyadarzanA 17 prIti 27, 86. 87. 113, 230 preSyaprayoga 162 preSyavarjanapratimA 165 phalacAraNa 257 phalAvaJcaka 103, 104 phoDIkamma (sphoTakakarma) 156 bandha 51, 8, 65, 140, 141, 145, 146, 184,187, __ 163, 200 balaRddhi 258 balA(dRSTi) 205, 211 bahiraMga sAdhana 52, 83, 62 bahirAtmA 160, 168, 201, 202, 203, 246 bahirmukha 245 bahirvRtti 215 bahukAyanirmANakriyA 236 bahudoSatva 235 bAdara 236 bAdarasamparAya 168 bAhya 3. 60. 110, 153, 188, 210, 248 bAhyakriyA 83 bAhyaceSTA 64 bAhyatapa 3. 110 bAhyapratIka 84 bAhyavarga 248 bAhyavRtti 214 bAhyazauca 210 bAhyAbhimukhI 214 bIjAkSara 230 bIjabuddhi 254 buddhi 63 buddhiRddhi 254 bodha 28, 106, 205, 213, 216, 220, 222, 241, bodhidurlabhabhAvanA 176 bauddhadarzana 230 bauddha-paramparA 26. 56, 205, 206 bauddhayoga 1.6, 26, 264 brahma 208, 211 brahmacarya 4, 106, 151, 154, 171, 172, 186, 208, 206, 210, 248 brahmacaryapratimA 164 brahmacarya mahAvrata 166, 171, 172 brahmacaryANuvrata 154, 155 brahmagupti 106, 210 bhakti 27, 87, 214, 264 bhakti anuSThAna 87, 214, 222 bhaktiyoga 1, 264, 266 bhadrAsana 212, 213 bhaya 233, 245 bhaya-pratyAkhyAna 170 bhavapratyaya 61, 62, 63. 102, 242, 272 bhavapratyayayogI 120 bhavapratyayasamprajJAtayoga 61, 62 bhavaviraha 22 bhavavyAdhi 241 bhavazatru 86 bhavasvarUpa 47 bhavAbhinandI 26, 67, 68, 110 bhavopagrAhI 81 bhavya 63 bhavyajIva 63, 130, 164. 273 bhavyatva 116, 273 bhAgya 185, 187 bhADIkamma (bhATI yA bhATakakarma) 156 bhAva 74, 160 bhAvakarma 181 bhAvadharma 116 bhAvanA 52, 26, 36, 72, 76, 77, 84, 86, 175, 177, 160, 247, 272 bhAvanAnuciMtana 74 bhAvapUjana 108 bhAvapratyaya 272 bhAva-prANAyAma 214, 215, 277 bhAvamana 81 bhAvazuddhi 113 bhAvazauca 210 bhAvasaMzuddhi 75 bhAvasamyagdarzana 127 bhAvahiMsA 151, 152

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zabdAnukramaNikA 321 bhAvAsrava 183 bhASAsamiti 174 bhASya 6, 7 bhikSAcarI 3 bhikSAvRtti 117 bhUtendriya 102 bhUmilIka 153 bhedajJAna 202 bhogabhUmi 63. 267 bhogAzaMsA prayoga 166 bhogopabhogaparimANavata 157, 160 bhrAnti 27, 226 maMtra 6.32, 36 makar3ItantucAraNa 257 matijJAna 70, 81, 82. 132, 133 mada 113. 126 madhubhUmika 101 madhyama 62 madhyAsrAvI 260 madhva 126 mana 10, 32, 54, 73, 74, 80, 81, 82, 86, 117. 161, 230, 234, 236, 238, 244, 246, 277. malauSadhi 256 mahattatva 62, 124 mahAkleza 205 mahAtapa 257, 258 mahAprANadhyAna 214 mahAmaMtra 226 mahAmAyA 231 mahAmoha 111 mahAyoga 64 mahAvidyA 231 mahAvrata 12, 156, 168, 166, 171, 208 mahimA 246, 255 mahezvara 231 mAtsarya 113, 163 mAdhyastha 76, 77, 232 mAdhyasthabhAva 78 mAdhyasthabhAvanA 233, 236 mAdhyasthyavRtti 78 mAna 76, 168 mAyA 76, 168 mAyAvarNa 231 mAraNa 230 mAraNadoSatva 235 mAruti(bhAvanA) 225 mAruti dhAraNA 226 mArgaNAsthAna 160 mArgapatita 68 mArgAnusArI 36, 67, 106, 111, 113, 274 mArgAbhimukha 68 mitrA(dRSTi) 205, 206, 208, 206, 235 mithyAjJAna 233 mithyAtva 65, 66, 67, 68, 110, 128, 145, 186. 163. 164, 201, 202, 204, 205, 206, 207, 206, 211, 213, 235, 272, 275 mithyAtvakarma 164, 202 mithyAtvagranthi 64 mithyAtvatyAga 47 mithyAdarzana 164, 205, 206 mithyAdRSTi 65, 128, 130, 163, 207, 235, 273 mizra avasthA 246 mizramohanIyakarma 164 278 manana 230 manaHparyAya(jJAna) 70, 82. 133 manaHparyAya Rddhi 254 manaHzuddhi 47 manogupti 174 manogupti bhAvanA 166 manoduSpraNidhAna 162 manodravya 80 manonigraha 122 manobala(Rddhi) 256 manobhAva 125, 126, 127 manoyoga 236 manovijaya 36 manovibhrama 64 manovRtti 77 mantra 10, 12, 74, 230, 231, 252 mantrayoga 1, 264 maraNAzaMsA prazaMsA 166

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322 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana mImAMsA 28 yathArthajJAna 62, 207 mukta 76, 84, 182, 243 yathArthabodha 74 mukti 63, 64, 106, 111, 124, 141, 240 yathArthazraddhAna 206, 278 mukhanirviSa 256 yathAsaMvibhAgavata 163 muditA 77 yathAsukhAsana 212 muditA bhAvanA 233 yantra 32, 36 mudrA 118, 231, 268 yama 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 36, 51, 52, 55, 103, 124, munidharma 105 125, 147, 148, 156, 177. 2066, 207, 208, mumukSu 73, 86, 235 206, 220, 248, 270, 276, 278 mUr3ha 188 yAtAyAta 168, 276 mUDhacitta 245, 246 yAtAyAtacitta 245 mUr3hatA 126 yAtAyAtamana 244, 246. mUDhadRSTi 130 yoga 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 18, 36, 47. 50, mUrchA 155, 233 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 56,61, 62, 63, mUlaguNa 167 64,65, 66.67,68, 66.71, 75,77, 76, 80, mRSopadeza 153 82, 63.84, 85,86, 87.60.6162,64, 67, mRSAnubandhI 234 66, 103, 104, 106, 110, 116, 117. 118. 120, meghacAraNa 257 124, 125, 144, 145, 150, 176, 185, 186, maitrI 73, 76, 77, 117, 232, 236 188, 186, 163, 200, 206, 23, 241, 242, mokSa 2, 3, 11, 32,51, 52, 53, 54, 63, 64, 65, 243, 244, 246, 266, 270, 271, 272, 274, 66.66,73, 80, 8386, 87, 88, 86,61, 63, 275, 277, 278 64, 67.66, 100, 101, 105, 110, 111, 116, yogakriyA 1 118, 122, 124, 140, 141, 146, 154, 168, yogacakra 103 176, 186, 17, 188, 167, 168, 166, 201, yogaja adRSTajanita 200 207, 208, 237, 244, 247. 253, 271, 274, yogadarzana 57, 116, 230, 243, 248. 271, 276 275, 277, 276 yogadRSTi 160, 205, 206, 207, 20; mokSapada 82 yogadharma 106 mokSamArga 11,71, 63,66,67,116, 122, 124, 125, yoganirodha 85 126. 180, 181, 205, 210, 273 yoga-paramparA 51, 111, 120, 276 mokSAvasthA 201 yogabhAvanA 77 moha 61, 68, 113, 168, 160, 162, 163, 168, 200, yogabhraSTa 63 243, 278 yogamArga 13, 62, 64, 104, 107, 113, 118 mohakarma 162 yogavAn 52 mohanIya 162 yogavAhitA 52 . mohanIyakarma 70, 86, 66. 137, 183, 184, 162, yogazreNI 71 163, 164, 165, 166 yogasaMnyAsayoga 71 maukharya 160 yogasamAdhi 228 mRdutA 240 yoga-sAdhanA 1, 36, 52, 64, 67.68,71, 72, 74, yathAkhyAtacAritra 76, 146 77, 60, 65, 67, 101, 102. 103, 104, 105, yathApravRttakaraNa 131 110, 111, 114, 118, 116, 120, 146, 160, 205, yathApravRttikaraNa 67, 167, 208 211, 212, 214, 247, 253, 266, 272. 273,

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zabdAnukramaNikA 323 211, 212, 214, 247, 253, 266, 272, 273, 274, 275, 277, 276 yogasiddhi 2, 52, 61, 104 yogasUtra 6, 7, 27. 61, 135, 145, 148, 146, 156, 166, 171, 172, 173, 200, 242, 243, 246. 248, 266. 268, 266, 270, 275, 276, 277 yogArUr3ha 62 yogAvaJcaka 103, 104 yogyatA 75, 76, 81. 104 rajoguNa 186, 245 ratnatraya 3. 12, 32, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 65, 64, 122, 123. 270, 271, 275, 276 ratnatrayayoga 2 ratnatraya-sAdhanA 271 ratnaprabhA 207 ravidAsa 126 rasanendriyaviSayarAga-dveSavarjana 173 rasaparityAga 3, 110 rasavANijja (rasavANijya) 156 rahasya abhyAkhyAna 153 rAga 74, 78, 88, 68, 66, 100, 103, 110, 125, 126, 136, 140, 145, 146, 147, 161, 177. 180, 206, 208, 213, 226, 231, rAjayoga 1, 6, 264, 268 rAjasa 56.81 rAjyaRddhi 253 ruga 78, 241 ruci 100 rUpastha(dhyAna) 33, 231, 235, 236. 266, 277 rUpAtIta(dhyAna) 33. 231, 233, 236, 266, 277 rUpAnupAta 162 rUpI 141 rUpI Alambana 234 rUpI dravya 84 recaka 214, 215 rogacintAArtadhyAna 233 raudradhyAna 161. 178, 232, 234, 235 laMgaDAsana 213 lakvANijja (lAkSavANijya) 156 lagur3azAyitvAsana 213 laghimA 246, 256 laghutA 114 laghuharibhadra 44 labdhi 114, 247 layayoga 1, 264 lalATa 220 laMgar3Asana 213 liMga 232 lezyA 182, 204 lezyAtIta 240 loka 236 lokapUraNasamudghAta 236 loka bhAvanA 176 lokasaMjJA 115 lokAkAza 143 lokottara 247 lokottaradharma 66 lobha 76, 76, 113, 168, 168, 166 lobha-pratyAkhyAna 170 lolupatA 234 laukikadharma 27. 106 laukikamArga 66 vaMdanaka 165 vacana 27, 87 vacana anuSThAna 87 vacanaduSpraNidhAna 162 vacanagupti 174 vacanabala 256 vacanayoga 236 vacanAnuSThAna 245 vajaRSabhanArAcasaMhanana 240 vajayAna 267 vajAsana 213 vaNakamma (vanakama) 156 vadha 152 vandanA 178 vardhamAna 231 varNa 84, 160, 272 varNamAtRkA 230 vazitva 246 vAcanA 234 vAtsalya 125

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324 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana vAmamArga 267 vAyavI 233 vAyavI dhAraNA vAyucAraNa 257 vAruNI dhAraNA vArtA 248, 250 vAsanA 242 vikala cAritra 148 vikalpa 80, 81, 133 vikAsa 67. 100, 107. 186, 201, 204, 246 / / vikAsAvasthA 164 vikriyARddhi 255 vikSipta 188, 186, 161, 168, 278 vikSipta citta 245, 246 vikSipta mana 244, 245, 246. vikSepa 228 vighnajaya 63, 64 vicAra 58, 60, 112. 120, 230, 275, 276 vicArAnugata 56, 242 vicArAnugatasamprajJAtayoga 58, 56, 60, 272 vicArAnugatasamprajJAtasamAdhi 58, 56 vicikitsA 126, 130 vijJAnavAda 6 vitarka 58, 60 vitarkAnugata 242 vitarkAnugatayoga 58. 60 vitarkAnugatasamprajJAtayoga 58, 272 videha 62 videhamukti 80 vidyA 36, 231 vidyAdharazramaNa 255 vidhivAda 47 vinaya 3, 106, 110, 237 vinayadharma 117 viniyoga 63. 64 viparyaya 51, 57. 56, 133, 135 vipAka 183 vipAkavicaya 233, 235, 236 viprauSadhi 256 vibhUti 6. 247, 248, 253 virakta 63 viratAvirata 165, 166 viratAviratasamyagdRSTi 163 virati 63 virahAMka 22 virAmapratyaya 62 viruddharAjyAtikrama 154 virodhI hiMsA 151 viveka 63. 67. 164, 202, 205, 206. 213, 237, 240 vivekakhyAti 6,60, 61, 102, 124, 207, 246. 251, 275 vivekabala 230 vivekajJAna 203. 210, 246 vivekajajJAna 6. 200, 207 vivekazakti 164 viMzikA 27 vizuddhi 130 vizokAbhUmi 102 viSa-anuSThAna 26. 113, 114 viSayavatI pravRtti 266 viSayasaMrakSaNa 232, 234 viSayasaMrakSaNAnubandhI raudradhyAna 234 viSayAsakti 61 viSNu 265 vikSipta 168 visabhAgaparikSaya 230 visavANijja (viSavANijya) 156 vItarAga 70, 110. 178, 166, 211. 230, 231 vItarAgacAritra 146 vItarAgatA 105, 122 vItarAga viSayatA 266 vItarAgasamyagdarzana 127 vIrAsana 212 vIrya 62, 63, 116, 188, 272, 274 vRtti 7. 6.. 60. 61. 81, 84, 136, 207 vRttinirodha 1, 36, 50, 51, 54, 56, 80, 242 vRtti parisaMkhyAna 110 vRttisaMkSaya 26, 72, 76, 80, 81, 86, 160, 272 vRttisaMkSayayoga 80, 81, 176 veda 266 vedana 248

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zabdAnukramaNikA 325 vedanA 145, 250 zAstra 123, 272 vedanIya 182 zAstracaryA 112 vedAnta 141 zAstrajJAna 100, 101 vedyasaMvedya 214 zAsrayoga 26, 66, 67,68, 66, 72, 272 vedyasaMvedyapada 207 zikSAvrata 150, 157, 161, 210, 276 vaikriyaRddhi 255 zivakarma 244 vaidika 1.6 zivavartma 223 vaidikaparamparA 105 zivodaya 86 vaidikayoga 1.264 zIta-uSNatA 210 vaiyAvRtya 3, 103, 110 zIlavrata 156 vaira 245 zukla 182 vairAgya 1,6.47, 48,57,61, 76.61, 102, 105, zuklakRSNa 182 121, 126, 127. 131, 140, 147. 161, 181, zuklapakSa 66, 67 186, 188, 167, 232, 233. 266, 267, 275 / / zuklapakSI 26 vaizeSika 141 zuklapAkSika 73, 66 vyaMjana 238 zukladhyAna 36, 70,76, 83, 168, 201, 224 230, vyakta 124, 186, 275 234, 237. 238, 236, 240, 241, 242, 243. vyaya 236. 266, 276 244, 276, 277 vyavahAracAritra 148 zuklalezyA 236. 240 vyavahAra(dRSTi) 65 zuddha Azaya 204 vyavahArayoga 65, 66 zuddhAnuSThAna 66 vyAkulatA 233 zuddhopayoga 52, 176, 160, 161, 203, 204, 246 vyAvahArikayoga zubhakarma 88. 181 vyAsabhASya 6, 7.60.61, 62, 123, 273 zubhadhyAna 204 vyutthAna 62, 63 zubhayoga 51, 176 vyutthAnacitta 246 zubhalezyA 64 vyutthAnasaMskAra 61 zubhAnubandhI 241 vyutthita citta 62 zubhAzaya 202 vyutsarga 3.4. 110, 240 zubhopayoga 160, 161, 168, 203, 204 vyutsarga samiti 175 zuzrUSA 28, 103 vyuparatakriyA anivRtti 240 zUnyavRtti 241 vrata 6, 12, 64, 150, 154, 168, 208..206 zailezI avasthA 80, 240 vratapAlana 73 zailezIkaraNa 80, 82 vrata-pratimA 164 zaivadarzana 223 vratI 64, 110 zoka nivartanA 237 zaMkA 126, 130 zauca 210, 246 zabdadaitya 122 zraddhA 62, 68. 82.63, 62, 64, 114, 116, 121, zabdAnupAta 162 123. 124, 125, 126. 127, 128, 162, 242, zarIrazuddhi 210 272, 274 zarIrasaMhanana 240 zraddhAna 124, 140 zarIrasiddhi 246 zramaNa 1, 164, 167, 168, 180

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326. pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana zramaNa 1, 164, 167. 168, 180 zramaNabhUta pratimA 165 zramaNAcAra 146, 167, 266 zravaNa 28 zrAvaka 12, 113, 151, 152, 153, 157, 158, 160, 164, 165, 166, 186, 276 zrAvakAcAra 12, 146 zrAvaNa 248, 250 zruta 132, 178, 240 zrutajJAna 81, 133, 200, 238 zrutasAmAyika 177 zreNI ArUr3ha 101 zreNI anArUr3ha 101 zreNIcAraNa 257 zrotrendriyaviSayarAga-dveSavarjana 173 zliSTa 161, 276 zliSTamana 161, 244, 246, zivavartma 230 zikSAvrata 210 zocana 234 zaMkA 233 zauca 210 zoka 233 zvAsa 214 zvAsavAyu 214 zvAsa-prazvAsa 214, 276 zvAsocchavAsa 214 SaDaMgayoga 276 SaDAvazyaka 88, 177, 176 saMkalpa 80 saMkalpI hiMsA 151 saMkleza 67, 110 saMgrahaNIvRtti 26 saMkramaNa 184, 238, 243 saMkSepa 162 saMkSaya 76 saMjvalana 166. 167 saMjJI 64, 65 saMtoSa 12, 86, 112. 160, 210, 246 saMnyAsa 71, 72 saMbhinnasrota 254 saMyama 6, 8, 52, 54, 66, 63. 64, 66, 107, 108, 106, 116, 122, 146, 165, 186, 235, 242, 246, 250, 251, 252, 276 saMyama-sAdhanA 63. 248 saMyamI 64 saMyatAsaMyata 66, 166 saMyuktAdhikaraNa 160 saMyoga 50, 52, 76, 81, 270 saMrambha 151 saMvara 2, 4, 51, 63, 140, 141, 145, 163 saMvarabhAvanA 176. 237 saMvit 60 saMvega 116, 126 saMzaya 51, 57, 56, 164, 167 saMsAra anuprekSA 236 saMsArI jIva 142 saMsArabandha 163 saMsArabhAvanA 176 saMsArAbhimukhI 205, 207, 212, 214 saMsArAvasthA 188 saMskAra 63, 131 saMskArazeSa 186 saMskRti 112 saMsthAna 228 saMsthAna vicaya 226, 227, 228, 235, 236 saMharaNakriyA 236 sAMkhya 141 sakalacAritra 148 sacittatyAga pratimA 165 sacittanikSepa 163 sacittapratibaddhAhAra 158 sacittavidhAna 163 sacittasaMbaddhAhAra 158 sacittAhAra 158 saccidAnandA 201 sattA 184 satpravRtti 204, 222 satya 4, 151. 152, 186. 163. 164, 165, 204, 208, 206, 248, 276 satyadarzI 104 satyamahAvrata 166

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zabdAnukramaNikA 327 sattva 80, 246 sattvaguNa 56, 186 sattvapuruSAnyatAkhyAti 61 sattvapuruSAnyatApratyaya 124 sattvazuddhi 148, 206 sadAcAra 106, 106, 186, 274 sadgRhastha 113 sadRSTi 160, 278 sadhyAna 234. 241 saddharma 234 sadanuSThAna 27, 100, 113, 114 sanmati 231 saptabhaMgI 138, 136 saptAkSaramantra 231 sabIja 60 sabIjayoga 272 sabIjasamAdhi 57. 242, 272 sabhApati 58 samatA 26, 36. 47, 72, 76, 80, 86, 188, 160, 272 samatAyoga 73, 78, 76, 80, 176 samatva 147 samatvayoga 77.76 samarasIbhAva 232 samavasaraNa 231 samasaMsthAna Asana 212, 213 samAdhi 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 6. 50.51, 52.55, 57. 56. 62, 74, 82, 84, 86, 63. 116, 120. 126. 181, 186, 167. 212, 228, 226, 241, 242. 243, 245, 246, 252, 262, 266, 270, 271, 272, 274, 276, 277 samAdhiniSTha anuSThAna 230 samAdhilAbha 246 samAdhisiddhi 206 samAnavAyu 251 samArambha 151 samAhitacitta 62, 63 samiti 2, 54, 83. 145, 168, 173, 180, 271 samucchinnakriyApratipAti 201, 236, 240 samucchinnakriyAnivRtti 238, 240, 243, 277 samudghAtakriyA 236 samprajJAta. 50, 57, 86 samprajJAtayoga 56, 57. 58, 56, 60, 61, 62, 80, 186, 271, 272 samprajJAtasamAdhi 51. 56.61, 62, 80, 81, 63. 124, __ 131, 200, 243. 272, 275, 277, 278 sammizrAhAra 158 samyakaM ananupAlanatA 163 samyakcAritra 2, 3, 8, 10, 33. 53. 54, 65, 73, 64, 116, 122, 123. 146, 147, 173. 178, 186, 162, 166, 271, 276 samyakcAritrI 67 samyaktva 47. 116, 161, 163, 164, 200, 201, 274, 278 samyaktva sAmAyika 177 samyak prakRti 164 samyagdarzana 2.3.8.53.54,65,76, 82, 83, 86, 64, 110, 116, 120, 122, 123. 124, 125, 126, 130, 132, 146, 161, 186, 162, 164, 165, 201, 202, 203, 205, 207, 206, 214, 216, 271, 274, 275, 278 samyakpraNidhAna 52 samyagjJAna 2, 3, 8, 10, 51, 53, 54, 65, 82, 64, 116, 122, 123, 124, 131, 132, 146, 186. 203, 255, 271, 274, 275 samyagjJAnI 64 samyagdRSTi 26, 66, 68, 73, 64, 65, 67, 68, 66, 100, 106, 116, 146, 160, 165, 205, 207, 272, 273 samyagmithyAtva 164 samyagmithyAdRSTi 163, 164, samyagzraddhA 201 sayogakevalI 163, 200, 204, 240, 241 sayogikevali 80, 81, 200 sayogIkevali 101 sayogikevalIjina 200 saradahatalAyasosaM (saradraha-taDAgazoSaNa) 156 sarAgabhAva 88 sarAgasamyagdarzana 127 sarpirAsrAvI 260 sarva attAdAna viramaNa 170 sarvajJa 101, 133, 184, 230, 241, |

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328 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana sarvajJa 101, 133, 184, 230, 241, sarvajJatA 66. 70, 200 sarvajJatva 61, 203. 251 sarvadharmavyApArayoga 63. 71 sarvaparigraha viramaNa 172 sarvabhAvAdhiSThAtRtva 61 sarvamRSAvAda viramaNa 166 sarvamaithuna viramaNa 171 sarvavirata 117 sarvaviratacAritra 101 sarvavirati 26, 74, 160, 166, 272 sarvaviratiguNasthAna 166 sarvavRttinirodha 56 sarvasaMnyAsayoga 56, 271 sarvasampatkarI bhikSA 117, 275 sarvasAkSAtkAritA 66 sarvoSadhi 256 sallekhanA(vrata) 22, 165, 166, 167 savikalpasamAdhi 56 savicAra 243 savicAra samprajJAtayoga 56 savitarka 58, 243 savitarkasamprajJAtayoga 58 sahasA-abhyAkhyAna 153 sAMkhya 271 sAMkhyayoga 266 sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa 132 sAMzayika mithyAtva 128 sAkAra 64 sAgAradharma 105, 116 sADIkamma (zakaTakarma) 156 sAdhvAcAra 122, 165 sAlambanayoga/samAdhi 272 sAdhana 6, 55, 87. 270 sAdhanA 67,68, 60, 62, 64. 100, 101, 105, 116, 120, 167, 248, 270 sAdhanAbhUmi 267 sAdharmika avagrahayAcana 171 sAdhucaryA 105 sAdhudharma 276 sAdhya 55, 188, 167, 270 sAdhvAcAra 276 sAnnidhyalAbha 206 sApAyA 207 sAmarthyayoga 26, 272 sAmAjikadharma 105 sAmAyika 27, 47, 161 sAmAyikacAritra 146 sAmAyikavrata 161, 162 sArvabhauma 216 sArvabhaumikatA 276 sAlambanadhyAna 235 sAvadyayoga 161 sAsAdanasamyagdRSTi 163. 164 siddhayoga 267, 268, 270 siddhAvasthA 54, 201, 202, 268, 270 siddhi 27, 74, 206, 247. 248, 253, 277 siddhiyama 103. 206 sukha 188, 167 sukhapUrvAsana 213 sukhAsana 5, 213 sudhyAna 232 sulIna 161, 168, 276 sulInamana 161, 244, 246, sUkSmakriyA 236, 240 sUkSmakriyAnivRtti 236 sUkSmakriyApratipAti 238, 236, 240, 243, 277 sUkSmabodha 214 sUkSmasaMparAya 163, 168, 200 sUkSmasaMparAya guNasthAna 168 sUkSmasaMparAya cAritra 146 sUkSmasaMskAra 86 sUryaprabhA 207 sopakramakarma 236, 250 sopAzrayAsana 212, 213. saumanasya 148, 206 stambhavRtti 214 stavana 103 stenAhRta 154 sthAna 27, 83, 84, 86, 87. 160, 210, 212, 213. 272, 278 sthAnayoga 86

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zabdAnukramaNikA sthAvara (jIva) 142. 162 sthUla adattAdAnaviramaNa 153 154 sthUla prANAtipAtaviramaNa 151 152 sthUla mRSAvAdaviramaNa 152, 153 sthairya 27, 206 sthitaprajJa 235 sthiratAyoga 87 sthirayama 102 sthirA (dRSTi) 205 sthirIkaraNa 125, 231 sparzanendriyaviSayarAga-dveSavarjana 173 smRti 58, 62, 63, 116, 133, 135, 242, 272. 274 smRtyakaraNatA 162 smRtyantarAdhAna 157 syAdvAda 12, 46, 137, 138, 140 svadAramaMtrabheda 153 svadArasaMtoSa 151. 154 155 svapna 266 svapna jAgrata svarUpasiddhi 201 svarUpAvasthA 54, 201 svarUpazUnya 242 svasaMpratyaya 68 svasaMvedanajJAna 200, 275 svastikAsana 212 svAdhyAya 2, 3, 4, 51, 55 62, 110, 111, 117. 121, 124, 126, 186, 210, 211,246, 275 svAdhyAya tapa svAnubhUti 200 svAntAnigraha 52 haMsa 21 haMsAsana 213 haThayoga 166, 10, 25, 26, 27, 33, 36, 55, 214, 233, 264, 265, 266, 268, 266, 270, 277 haThayoga paramparA 221 hatyA 245 hastiniSadanAsana 212 hAna 141 hAnopAya 141 hAsya-pratyAkhyAna 170 hiMsA 151, 168, 232, 234 hiraNya- suvarNa- prAmANAtikrama 156 heya 141 202 213 329 heyahetu 141 heyopAdeya 63 hradayastha karNikA 230

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DA0 aruNA Ananda ne dillI vizvavidyAlaya se snAtaka, snAtakottara, ema0phila0 evaM pI0eca0DI0 (saMskRta) tathA zrIlAlabahAdura zAstrI rASTrIya saMskRta vidyApITha, dillI se AcArya (jaina darzana) kI upAdhi grahaNa kI aura saMskRta, prAkRta, pAli, jarmana Adi bhASAoM tathA bhAratIya-dharma-darzana vizeSata: jainadharmadarzana kA adhyayana kiyaa| vigata 15 varSoM se dillI kI vibhinna zikSA va zodha-saMsthAoM vizeSataH bhogIlAla leharacanda bhAratIya saMskRti saMsthAna kI vibhinna adhyApana va zodha-sambandhI pariyojanAoM se jur3I huI haiN| saMgoSThiyoM va kAryazAlAoM kA Ayojana, prAcIna pAMDulipiyoM kA adhyayana va saMpAdana, yogaprazikSaNa tathA samAjasevA meM unakI vizeSa ruci hai| 'prAyogika yoga-zikSA,' 'pravINa yoga-zikSA', 'pAtaJjalayoga aura jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' (prastuta kRti) ke atirikta, vibhinna zodha patrikAoM meM unake anekoM zodha-patra prakAzita haiN| saMprati : bhogIlAla leharacanda bhAratIya saMskRti saMsthAna (bI0ela0AI0AI0) meM upa-nidezaka ke pada para kArya karate hue 'dazavaikAlika niyukti ke sampAdana va aMgrejI anuvAda, evaM A0 hemacandrakRta 'yogazAstra' kI svopajJa TIkA ke (aMgrejI va hindI) anuvAda kArya meM nirata haiN|

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BHOGILAL LEHER CHAND INSTITUTE OF INDOLOGY PUBLICATIONS 1. Studies in Sanskrit Sahitya Sastra -V.M. Kulkarni 2. Pancasitrakam of Cirantanacarya -Muni Shri Jambuvijayaj 3. Taina Bhasa Darsana (in Hindi) -Sagarmal Jain 4. Some Aspects of the Rasa Theory -V.M. Kulkarni 5. The Gahakosa oftala (Part II) -V.M. Patwardhan 6. Prakrit Verses in Sanskrit Works on Poetics (Vol. 1). -V.M. Kulkarni 7. Prakrit Verses in Sanskrit Works on Poetics (Vol. II), -V.M. Kulkarni 8. Apabhramsa Language and Literature, -H.C. Bhayani 9. Mahabharata Based Plays and Epics (in Gujarati) -Prof. S.M. Pamdya 10. Santinathacarita (Prakrit) -Sh. Devachandra Suri 11. Arhat Pansvaland Dharanendra Nexus -M.A. Dhakey 12. Jain Philosophy and Religion -Tr. Dr. Nagin J. Shah 13. Jaina Theory of Multiple Facets of Reality and Truth (Anekantavada)--Nagin J. Shah 14. Patan-Jain-Dhatu-Pratima-Lekh Sangrah -Pt. Laxmanbhai H. Bhojak 15. Patanjalayoga Elvaro Jainayoga Ka Tulanatmaka Adhyayana--Dr. Aruna Anand MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PRIVATE LIMITED