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PRABUDDH JEEVAN
MARCH 2014
and is called the Theisitc Sankhya (Seśvara Sankhya). of the Yoga. In contrast to Yamas, They are optional,
Birth, life and enjoyment are the results of Karma. though of course all who resort to Yoga must practise The actions in their turn are the results of five afflic- them regularly. tions (Kleśa); Ignorance (341CTEN), Egoity (314a), De- When there is a temptation to violate the ethical rules sire (TI), Aversion (au), and Anxious attachment or thus prescribed, additional moral disciplines are The Will to Be (34FCRI). Yoga is the controlling of the suggessted as helps: (1) Defence-Reaction (f148414H) various processes of consciousness, and it is on the i.e., when there is a bad thought, meditate the opposite Yoga practices that the destruction of the various men- good one in its place, (2) Friendliness (HiT), (3) Symtal dispositions (thi and al4), is dependent. pathy (
C T), (4) Cheerfulness (Gal) and Toleration What is Yoga ? What are Forms of Yoga ? Yoga is (391). the suppression of mental activities leading to the ab- The ethical ground being ready, the actual practice solute abidance of the Purusa in his real nature. It is of Yoga involves certain bodily posture, breath-control of two forms (1) Concrete Meditation (1931 M) and and withdrawal of senses from external objects. These (2) Abstract Meditation (34445ld ). The mental ac- are all described with careful and detailed analysis. tivities (qu) to be suppressed are-Right Notion (4410), The last stage which is the ecstacy in which the conMisconception (fayefu), Fancy (fachery), Sleep (ASU) and nection with the outside objects is destroyed is the Memory (wa). Both of the two forms of Yoga have Samādhi. Even this is sub-divided into the Conscious their sub-varieties, and four interesting stages of the Samadhi (FUSC 41) and the Superconscious
असंप्रज्ञातयोगिन् are mentioned: (1) प्रथमकल्पिक, (2) मधुभूमिक, Samadhi (असंप्रज्ञात). In the former though the connec(3) प्रज्ञाज्योति and (4) अतिक्रान्तभावनीय. The last results in tion is broken the mind is still conscious of the external the of becoming Cloud of Virtue (445); his Yoga object; in the latter, even that is absent, and the mind is showers virtue, and he is in this stage called a living Pure Intelligence: the Seer abides in himself, he sees adept (Filanth).
his Spirit in its own plane, above all confusion with The Art of Yoga : The constituents of Yoga are 8 Praksti. in number: Abstention (44), Regulation (144), Bodily These divisions imply degrees of concentration. The Postures (34147), Breath Control (HURIA), Withdrawal consclous Samādhi is subdivided into four stages: (1) of Senses from outside objects are (HUER), Attention adh, in which the name and qualities of the object of (8214), Contemplation or meditative concentration contemplation are present to the mind, (2) the firdach, (ERC), and Attentive Self-Realisation (948). The first in which these are absent, (3) Afdelk, in which there is two : Abstention and Regulation are the ethical prepa- no thought of the qualities of the object, (4) the 3114, rations of the life of a Yogi, Asana, Prāņāyāma and where there is only joy in the activity of the Intellect, (5) Pratyāhāra, the physical or external aids to Yoga, while 31 ia, in which the mind thinks of the Pure Substance the Dhyāna, dhāraņā and Samadhi are the internal aids or Pure Existence of the object. to Yoga.
The Concepts of God in Yoga Philosophy : īśvara The Yamas or Abstentions are the prohibitions which is that particular Spirit ever untouched by the 5 troubles, act as moral disciplines. They are to be strictly followed, Ignorance etc., and by Virtue, Vice and their developand no exception is to be allowed. They are: (1) Non- ments (fayl) as well as by the general is.* DevoViolence (316) (2) Truthfulness (484) (3) Honesty tion to God is only an aid to Yoga, and that is why the (3114) (4) Continence and Celebacy (Tele) and (5) concept is introduced in this philosophy. It does not beNon-acceptance of gifts (374746).
lieve in God, the Creator and the Preserver of the UniThe Niyamas or Regulations are: (1) A life of as- verse, nor is He the Moral Guide, rewarding or punishceticism (auc) (2) Study of Scriptures (1824), (3) De- ing men for their actions. God is a Particular Self just votion to God ( VYTET), (4) Purity (IT) and (5) Con- as each man's Purusa is: it is not union with God, but tentment (419). These five are positive observances separation from Prakriti which is the end of human as
piration. God, in Yoga Philosophy, simply helps us in * पुरुषष्यास्वात्यन्तिकस्वरूपावस्थितेहेतुश्चित्तवृत्तिनिरोधः ।
removing obstacles to progress. This is deistic-and not
