Jain Sahitya Ka Bruhad Itihas Part 1

Author(s): Bechardas Doshi
Publisher: Parshwanath Shodhpith Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002094/1

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pAzrvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA:6 saMpAdaka paM0 dalamukha mAlavaNiyA DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pArA aGga Agama, lekhaka paM0 becaradAsa dozI sacca logammi sArabhUyaM pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna,vArANasI /

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pAravanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA : 6 sampAdaka paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA DA0 mohanalAla mehatA jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 1 aGka Agama lekhaka paM0 becaradAsa dozI S vArANasI-5 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI-5

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prakAzaka : pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa, vArANasI - 5 phona : 311462 prakAzana varSa : prathama saMskaraNa san 1966 dvitIya saMskaraNa san 1989 mUlya : ru0 80.00 JAINA SAHITYA KA BRHAD ITIHASA Vol I: ANGA AGAMA Second Edition: 1989 Price: Rs. 80.00 mudraka vardhamAna mudraNAlaya javAharanagara kAlonI, vArANasI - 10

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prakAzakIya prathama saMskaraNa san 1952 meM jaba pahalI bAra sva0 DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla se hindU vizvavidyAlaya meM sAkSAtkAra huA to unhoMne pathapradarzana kiyA ki zrI sohanalAla jainadharma pracAraka samiti ko janavidyA ke sambandha meM kucha prAthamika sAhitya prakAzita karanA cAhie / usameM jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa bhI thaa| unhoMne apanI ora se bar3I utsukatA aura utsAha se isa kArya ko prArambha kraayaa| 1953 meM muni zrI puNyavijayajI kI adhyakSatA meM isake lie ahamadAbAda meM sammelana bhI huaa| itihAsa kI rUparekhA nizcita kI gii| taba anumAna yahI thA ki zIghra hI itihAsa pUrNa hokara prakAzita ho jaaegaa| parantu kAraNavazAt vilamba hotA calA gayA / hameM khuzI hai ki Akhira yaha kAma hone lagA hai| jainAgamoM ke sambandha meM rUparekhA banAte samaya yahI nizcaya huA thA ki itihAsa kA yaha bhAga paMDita becaradAsajI dozI apane hAtha meM leN| parantu usa samaya ve isa kArya ke lie samaya kucha kama de rahe the / ataH ve yaha kArya nahIM kara sakate the| harSa kI bAta hai ki itane kAloparAMta bhI yaha bhAga unhIM ke dvArA nirmita huA hai| jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa ke lie eka upasamiti banAI gaI thii| samiti usa upasamiti ke kAryakartAoM aura sadasyoM ke prati AbhAra prakAzita karatI hai tathA paM0 becaradAsajI va paM0 dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA aura DA0 mohanalAla mehatA kA bhI AbhAra mAnatI hai jinake hArdika sahayoga ke kAraNa prastuta bhAga prakAzita ho sakA hai| ___ isa bhAga ke prakAzana kA sArA kharca zrI manoharalAla jaina, bI0 kAma ( munilAla motIlAla jainI, 61 campAgalI, bambaI 2, amRtasara aura dillI) tathA unake sahodara sarvazrI rozanalAla, tilakacanda aura dharmapAla ne vahana kiyA hai / yaha grantha unake pitA sva. zrI munilAla jaina kI puNyasmRti meM prakAzita ho rahA hai| ve jIvanaparyanta samiti ke khajAMcI rhe| ___ lAlA munilAla jaina kA janma amRtasara meM san 1890 (vi0 saM0 1947) meM huA thA, unake atirikta lAlA mahatAba zAha ke tIna putra zrI motIlAla,

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- 4 - zrI bhImasena aura zrI haMsarAja haiM / parivAra tAtar3a gotrIya osavAla hai / lAlA munilAla jyeSTha bhAI the| ___ sAmAjika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM unheM vizeSa ruci thii| zatAvadhAnojI kI preraNA se hI unheM 'zrI sohanalAla jainadharma pracAraka samiti' kI pravRttiyoM meM vizvAsa ho gayA thaa| yathAzakti ve isake lie dhana ekatrita karane meM bhAga lete rahe / apane pAsa se aura parivAra se dhana dilAte rahe / ve udAracitta vyakti the| kisI padAdi ke icchuka nahIM the parantu sAthiyoM ke sAthI, sahacaroM ke sahacara the / sthAnIya jaina sabhA ke upapradhAna aura pradhAna varSoM taka rahe / jaina paramArtha phaNDa sosAyaTI ke ve Adi sadasya the| padAdhikAro bho rahe / isI prakAra pUjya amarasiMha jIvadayA bhaNDAra kA kArya ve cirakAla taka sva0 lAlA ratanacanda ke sAtha milakara karate rhe| ina saba saphalatAoM kA zreya parivAra kI ora se prApta jIvita sahakAra para hai| unakI mRtyu disambara 1964 ke anta meM svapatnI ke dehAnta ke eka mAha bAda huI / unakI patnI patibhakta bhAryA thiiN| harajasarAya jaina maMtrI

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prakAzakIya dvitIya saMskaraNa jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga - 1 [ dvitIya saMskaraNa ] pAThakoM ke sammukha prastuta karane meM atyanta harSa kA anubhava ho rahA hai / isa graMtha kA prathama saMskaraNa san 1966 meM prakAzita huA thA aura vigata 4 varSoM se isakI pratiyA~ vikrayArtha anupalabdha thiiN| isakI upayogitA aura mA~ga ko dekhate hue saMsthAna ne isakA dvitIya saMskaraNa prakAzita karane kA nirNaya kiyA / yadyapi isameM paryApta saMzodhana kI apekSA thI, kintu vilamba se bacane hetu isameM prathama saMskaraNa kI sAmagrI ko hI yathAvat rakhA gayA hai / isa grantha ke prakAzana kI vyavasthA saMsthAna ke nidezaka DA0 sAgaramala jaina ne kI hai, ataH maiM sarvaprathama unake prati AbhAra vyakta karatA hU~ / prUpha rIDiMga aura zabdAnukramaNikA taiyAra karane meM DA0 azoka kumAra siMha, DA0 zivaprasAda aura zrI indreza candra siMha kA sahayoga prApta huA hai, ataH isake liye hama unake AbhArI haiM / anta meM isa grantha ke sundara tathA tvarita mudraNa ke liye maiM vardhamAna mudraNAlaya, vArANasI ke saMcAlakoM ke prati kRtajJatA jJApita karatA hU~ / maMtrI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI

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prAkkathana (prathama saMskaraNa) . 'jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa' kA prathama bhAga-aMga Agama pAThakoM kI sevA meM prastuta karate hue atyadhika prasannatA kA anubhava ho rahA hai / isakI kaI varSoM se pratIkSA kI jA rahI thii| dvitIya bhAga-aMgabAhya Agama bhI ati zIghra hI pAThakoM ko prApta hogaa| isakA adhika aMza mudrita ho cukA hai| Age ke bhAga bhI kramazaH prakAzita hoNge| vizvAsa hai, vizAla jaina sAhitya kA sarvAMgapUrNa paricaya denevAlA prastuta grantharAja Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya meM sammAnapUrNa sthAna prApta kregaa| yaha graMtha nimnalikhita 8 bhAgoM meM lagabhama 4000 pRSThoM meM pUrNa hogA : prathama bhAga-aMga Agama dvitIya bhAga:-aMgabAhya Agama tRtIya bhAga-AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya caturtha bhAga-karmasAhitya va Agamika prakaraNa paMcama bhAga-dArzanika va lAkSaNika sAhitya SaSTha bhAga-kAvyasAhitya saptama bhAga--tamila, kannaDa evaM marAThI jaina sAhitya aSTama bhAga-apabhraMza jaina sAhitya vibhinna bhAgoM ke lekhana ke lie viziSTa vidvAn saMlagna haiN| pArzvanAtha vidyA. zrama zodha saMsthAna isa bhagIratha kArya ko prAmANika rUpa se yathAzIghra sampanna karane ke lie pUrNa prayatnazIla hai| prastuta bhAga ke lekhaka nirbhIka evaM taTastha vicAraka pUjya paM0 becaradAsajI kA tathA prastAvanA-lekhaka, niSpakSa samIkSaka pUjya dalasukhabhAI kA maiM atyanta anugRhIta hU~ / saMsthAna va mujha para ApakI mahatI kRpA hai / mohanalAla mehatA pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna adhyakSa vArANasI-5 3. 8. 1966

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- 7 - ( dvitIya saMskaraNa) jJAtavya hai ki aba taka isa itihAsa ke sAta bhAga prakAzita ho cuke haiM aura AzA hai ki AThavAM bhAga bhI zIghra hI pUrNa hokara prakAzita hogaa| isI prakAra hindI jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa bhI tIna khaNDoM meM prakAzita ho rahA hai| isakA bhI prathama marugurjara khaNDa-AdikAla se 16vIM zatAbdI taka prakAzita ho cukA hai| zeSa khaNDa bhI zIghra prakAzita hoNge| sAtha hI dArzanika jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa bhI taiyAra kiyA jA rahA hai / sAgaramala jaina 16-12-1989 nidezaka

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prastuta pustaka meM pRSTha 1-55 59-83 Ela 74 85-1 87 88 1. prastAvanA 2. jaina zrata.... jaina zramaNa va zAstralekhana acelaka paramparA va zrutasAhitya zrutajJAna akSarazruta va anakSarazruta " samyakzruta va mithyAzruta sAdika, anAdika, saparyavasita va aparyavasita zruta .... gamika-agamika, aMgapraviSTa-anaMgapraviSTa va kAlika utkAlika zruta 3. aMgagranthoM kA bAhya paricaya AgamoM kI granthabaddhatA .... acelaka paramparA meM aMgaviSayaka ullekha aMgoM kA bAhya rUpa ..." nAma-nirdeza AcArAdi aMgoM ke nAmoM kA artha . .. aMgoM kA pada-parimANa " pada kA artha aMgoM kA krama aMgoM kI zailI va bhASA ..." prakaraNoM kA viSayanirdeza ..." paramparA kA AdhAra ..." paramatoM kA ullekha viSaya-vaividhya jaina paramparA kA lakSya 4. aMgagranthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga viSaya acelakatA va sacelakatA "" ~ ~ 105 ~ ~ ~ ~ 108 109-169 113 114

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AcAra ke paryAya prathama zrutaskandha ke adhyayana dvitIya zrutaskandha kI cUlikAe~ eka rocaka kathA padyAtmaka aMza AcArAMga kI vAcanAe~ AcArAMga ke kartA aMgasUtroM kI vAcanAe~ devagiNi kSamAzramaNa mahArAja khArabela AcArAMga ke zabda brahmacayaM evaM brAhmaNa caturvarNa sAta varNa va nava varNAntara vasupada veda AmagaMdha Asava va parisrava varNAbhilASA muniyoM ke upakaraNa mahAvIra caryA zastraparijJA AcArAMga meM ullikhita paramata nirgranthasamAja AcArAMga ke vacanoM se milate vacana AcArAMga ke zabdoM se milate zabda jANai-pAsa kA prayoga bhASAzailI ke rUpa meM kucha subhASita dvitIya zrutaskandha AhAra bhikSA ke yogya kula 4000 .... .... - 10 - .... 2010 ... **** .... 8040 .... .... www. .... pRSTha 116 117 122 123 124 125. 126 127 129 130 131 131 133 134 135. 138 141 143 145 149 151 151 152 153 153. 154 155 156 158 158 159

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- 11 - ur or 161 162 164 165 165 utsava ke samaya bhikSA bhikSA ke lie jAte samaya rAjakuloM meM makkhana, madhu, madya va mAMsa sammilita sAmagrI grAhya jala agrAhya bhojana zayyaiSaNA IryApatha bhASAprayoga vastradhAraNa pAtraSaNA avagraheSaNA malamUtravisarjana zabdazravaNa va rUpadarzana parakriyAniSedha mahAvIra carita mamatvamukti vItarAgatA evaM sarvajJatA sUtrakRtAMga sUtrakRta kI racanA niyativAda tathA AjIvika sampradAya sAMkhyamata ajJAnavAda karmacayavAda buddha kA zUkara-mAMsabhakSaNa hiMsA kA hetu jagata-kartRtva saMyamadharma veyAliya upasarga 169 172-211 174 175 176 177 178 181 181 182 183 184 186

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5- strI-parijJA naraka - vibhakti vIrastava kuzIla vIrya arthAt parAkrama dharma samAdhi mArga samavasaraNa yAthAtathya grantha arthAt parigraha AdAna athavA AdAnIya gAthA brAhmaNa, zramaNa, bhikSu va nigrantha sAta mahAadhyayana puNDarIka kriyAsthAna bauddhadRSTi se hiMsA AhAraparijJA pratyAkhyAna AcArazruta Ardra kumAra nAlaMdA udaya peDhAlapu sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga zailI viSaya - sambaddhatA viSaya- vaividhya pravrajyA sthavira lekhana-paddhati - 12 * 4440 .... : .... .... .... **** .... .... .... pRSTha 189 189 190 192 192 193 194 194 195 197 197 198 199 199 200 200 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 208 212-223 215 217 217 218 220 220

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paSTha 221 222 anupalabdha zAstra garbhadhAraNa bhUkampa nadiyAM rAjadhAniyA~ 222 vRSTi 222 222 223 224-249 226 ... . 227 . .. . 227 229 .... 230 . ... vyAkhyAprajJapti maMgala praznakAra gautama praznottara devagati kAMkSAmohanIya loka kA AdhAra pAzvApatya vanaspatikAya jIva kI samAnatA kevalI zvAsocchvAsa jamAli-carita zivarAjarSi parivrAjaka tApasa 231 232 233 .. .. 234 234 sl` 235 236 .. . 237 svarga devabhASA gozAlaka vAyukAya va agnikAya jarA va zoka sAvadha va niravadya bhASA samyagdRSTi va mithyAdRSTi deva svapna koNika kA pradhAna hAthI 238 238 239 241 241 241 241 242 243 243 kampa

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243 243 narakastha evaM svargastha pRthvIkAyika Adi prathamatA-aprathamatA kAtika seTha mAkaMdI anagAra yugma pudgala mad ka zramaNopAsaka pudgala-jJAna yApanIya mAsa vividha upasaMhAra jJAtAdharmakathA kArAgAra zailaka muni zuka parivrAjaka thAvaccA sArthavAhI cokkhA parivAjikA cIna evaM cInI DUbatI naukA udakajJAta vividha matAnuyAyI dayAlu muni pANDava-prakaraNa 243 244 244 244 244 245 246 246 246 249 250-256 251 251 252 253 253 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 susamA 257 258 8. upAsakadazA maryAdA-nirdhAraNa vighnakArI deva mAMsAhAriNI strI va niyativAdI zrAvaka Ananda kA avadhijJAna upasaMhAra 258 259 .... 259 259

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- 15 - 261 262 262 263 264 264 265 266 267 267 269 antakRtadazA dvArakA-varNana gajasukumAla dayAzIla kRSNa kRSNa ko mRtyu arjunamAlI evaM yuvaka sudarzana anya aMtakRta 10. anuttaraupapAtikadazA jAli Adi rAjakumAra dIrghasena Adi rAjakumAra dhanyakumAra 11. praznavyAkaraNa asatyavAdI mata hiMsAdi Asrava ahiMsAdi saMvara 12. vipAkasUtra mRgAputra kAmadhvajA va ujjhitaka abhagnasena zakaTa bRhaspatidatta naMdivardhana ubaradatta va dhanvantari vaidya zaurika machalImAra devadattA aMjU sukhavipAka vipAka kA viSaya adhyayana-nAma 1. pariziSTa dRSTivAda 270 271 272 274 275 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 279 280 280 280 281 282 282

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283 283 2. pariziSTa acelaka paramparA ke prAcIna graMthoM meM sacelakasammata aMgAdigata avataraNoM kA ullekha 3. pariziSTa AgamoM kA prakAzana va saMzodhana anukramaNikA sahAyaka granthoM kI sUcI 286 286 286 289 329

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Jain Education International prastAvanA paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA adhyakSa lA0 da0 bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira ahamadAbAda - 9 prastuta itihAsa kI yojanA aura maryAdA vaidikadharma aura jainadharmaM prAcIna yati - muni zramaNa tIrthaMkaroM kI paramparA AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa upalabdha AgamoM aura unakI TIkAoM kA pariNAma AgamoM kA kAla Agama- viccheda kA prazna zrutAvatAra

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prastuta itihAsa kI yojanA aura maryAdA : prastuta grantha 'jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa' kI maryAdA kyA hai, yaha spaSTa karanA Avazyaka hai / yaha kevala jainadharma yA darzana se hI sambaddha sAhitya kA itihAsa nahIM hogA apitu jainoM dvArA likhita samagra sAhitya kA itihAsa hogA / sAhitya meM yaha bheda karanA ki yaha jainoM kA likhA hai aura yaha jainetaroM kA, ucita to nahIM hai kintu aisA vivaza hokara hI karanA par3A hai / bhAratIya sAhitya ke itihAsa meM jainoM dvArA likhe vividha sAhitya kI upekSA hotI AI hai / yadi aisA na hotA to yaha prayatna jarUrI na hotA / udAharaNa ke taura para saMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsa meM jaba purANoM para likhanA ho yA mahAkAvyoM para likhanA ho taba itihAsakAra prAyaH hindU purANoM se hI santoSa kara lete haiM aura yahI gati mahAkAvyoM kI bhI hai / isa upekSA ke kAraNoM kI carcA jarUrI nahIM hai kintu jina granthoM kA vizeSa abhyAsa hotA ho unhIM para itihAsakAra ke lie likhanA AsAna hotA hai. yaha eka mukhya kAraNa hai / 'kAdambarI' ke par3hane-par3hAnevAle adhika haiM, ataeva usakI upekSA itihAsakAra nahIM kara sakatA kintu dhanapAla kI tilakamaJjarI' ke viSaya meM prAyaH upekSA hI hai kyoMki vaha pAThyagrantha nahIM / kintu jina virala vyaktiyoM ne use par3hA hai ve usake bhI guNa jAnate haiM / itihAsakAra ko to itanI phursata kahA~ ki vaha eka - eka grantha svayaM par3he aura usakA mUlyAMkana kare / hotA prAyaH yahI hai ki jina granthoM kI carcA adhika huI ho unhIM ko itihAsa grantha meM sthAna milatA hai, anya granthoM kI prAyaH upekSA hotI hai / 'yazastilaka' jaise campU ko bahuta varSoM taka upekSA hI rahI kintu DaoN0 handikI ne jaba usake viSaya meM pUrI pustaka likha DAlI taba usa para vidvAnoM kA dhyAna gayA / isI paristhiti ko dekhakara jaba isa itihAsa kI yojanA bana rahI thI taba DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye kA sujhAva thA ki itihAsa ke pahale vibhinna granthoM yA vibhinna viSayoM para abhyAsa, lekha likhAye jAya~ taba itihAsa kI sAmagrI taiyAra hogo aura itihAsakAra ke lie itihAsa likhanA AsAna hogA / unakA yaha bahumUlya sujhAva ucita hI thA kintu ucita yaha samajhA gayA ki jaba taka aise lekha taiyAra na ho jAya~ taba taka hAtha para hAtha dhare baiThe rahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai / ataeva nizcaya huA ki mavyama mArga se jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa ko aneka

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vidvAnoM ke sahayoga se likhA jAya / usameM gahare cintanapUrvaka samIkSA kadAcit sambhava na ho to bhI grantha kA sAmAnya viSaya-paricaya diyA jAya, jisase kitane viSaya ke kauna se grantha haiM-isakA to patA vidvAnoM ko ho hI jAyagA aura phira jijJAsu vidvAn apanI ruci ke grantha svayaM par3hane lgeNge| isa vicAra ko sva0 DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne gati dI aura yaha nizcaya huA ki I0 san 1953 meM ahamadAbAda meM hone vAle prAcya vidyA pariSad ke sammelana ke avasara para vahA~ vidvAnoM kI upasthiti hogii| ataeva usa avasara kA lAbha uThAkara eka yojanA vidvAnoM ke samakSa rakhI jAya / isI vicAra se yojanA kA pUrvarUpa vArANasI meM taiyAra kara liyA gayA aura ahamadAbAda meM upasthita nimna vidvAnoM ke parAmarza se usako antima rUpa diyA gayA :1. muni zrI puNyavijayajI 2. AcArya jinavijayajI 3. paM: sukhalAlajI saMghavI 4. paM0 becaradAsajI dozI 5. DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla 6. DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye 7. DaoN0 pI0 ela0 vaidya 8. DaoN. motIcanda 9. zrI agaracanda nAhaTA 10. DaoN0 bhogIlAla sAMDesarA 11. DaoN0 prabodha paNDita 12. laoN0 indracandra zAstrI 13. pro0 padmanAbha jainI 14. zrI bAlAbhAI vIracaMda desAI jayabhikkhu 15. zrI paramAnanda kuMvarajI kApar3iyA yahA~ yaha bhI batAnA jarUrI hai ki vArANasI meM yojanA sambandhI vicAra jaba cala rahA thA taba usameM sampUrNa sahayoga zrI paM0 mahendrakumArajI kA thA aura unhIM kI preraNA se paNDitadvaya zrI kailAzacandrajI zAstrI tathA zrI phulacandrajI zAstrI bhI sahayoga dene ko taiyAra ho gaye the| kintu yojanA kA pUrvarUpa jaba taiyAra huA to ina tInoM paNDitoM ne nirNaya kiyA ki hameM alaga ho jAnA caahie| tadanusAra unake sahayoga se hama vaJcita hI rahe-isakA duHkha sabase

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( 4 ) adhika mujhe hai / alaga hokara unhoMne apanI pRthak yojanA banAI aura yaha Ananda kA viSaya hai ki unakI yojanA ke antargata paM0 zrI kailAzacandra dvArA likhita 'jaina sAhitya kA itihAsaH pUrva-pIThikA' zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI se vIrani0 saM0 2489 meM prakAzita huA hai| jainoM dvArA likhita sAhitya kA jitanA adhika paricaya karAyA jAya, acchA hI hai / yaha bhI lAbha hai ki vividha dRSTikoNa se sAhitya kI samIkSA hogii| ataeva hama usa yojanA kA svAgata hI karate haiN| ahamadAbAda meM vidvAnoM ne jisa yojanA ko antima rUpa diyA tathA usa samaya jo lekhaka nizcita hue, unameM se kucha ne jaba apanA aMza likhakara nahIM diyA to una aMzoM ko dUsaroM se likhavAnA par3A hai kintu mUla yojanA meM parivartana karanA ucita nahIM samajhA gayA hai| hama AzA karate haiM ki yathAsambhava hama usa mUla yojanA ke anusAra itihAsa kA kArya Age baDhAyeMge / ___'jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa' jo kaI bhAgoM meM prakAzita hone jA rahA hai, usakA yaha prathama bhAga hai| jaina aMga granthoM kA paricaya prastuta bhAga meM mujhe hI likhanA thA kintu haA yaha ki pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama ne paM0 becaradAsajI ko banArasa hindU yUnivarsiTI meM jaina Agama ke viSaya para vyAkhyAna dene ke lie Amantrita kiyaa| unhoMne ye vyAkhyAna vistRtarUpa se gujarAtI meM likhe bhI the| ataeva yaha ucita samajhA gayA ki unhIM vyAkhyAnoM ke AdhAra para prastuta bhAga ke lie aMga granthoM kA paricaya hindI meM likhA jAya / DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA ne ise saharSa svIkAra kiyA aura isa prakAra merA bhAra halakA huA / DaoN0 mehatA kA likhA 'aMga granthoM kA paricaya' prastuta bhAga meM mudrita hai / zrI paM0 becaradAsajI kA AgamoM kA adhyayana gaharA hai, unakI chAnabIna bhI svatantra hai aura AgamoM ke viSaya meM likhanevAloM meM ve agradUta hI hai / unhIM ke vyAkhyAnoM ke AdhAra para likhA gayA prastuta aMga-paricaya yadi vidvAnoM ko aMga Agama ke adhyayana ke prati AkarSita kara sakegA to yojaka isa prayAsa ko saphala maaneNge| vaidikadharma aura jainadharma : vaidikadharma aura jainadharma kI tulanA kI jAya to jainadharma kA vaha rUpa jo isake prAcIna sAhitya se upalabdha hotA hai, veda se upalabdha vaidikadharma se atyadhika mAtrA meM susaMskRta hai| veda ke indrAdi devoM kA rUpa aura jainoM ke ArAdhya kA svarUpa dekhA jAya to vaidika deva sAmAnya mAnava se adhika zaktizAlI haiM kintu

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vRttiyoM kI dRSTi se hIna hI haiN| mAnavasulabha krodha, rAga, dveSa Adi vRttiyoM kA vaidika devoM meM sAmrAjya hai to jainoM ke ArAdhya meM ina vRttiyoM kA abhAva hI hai| vaidikoM ke ina devoM kI pUjyatA koI AdhyAtmika zakti ke kAraNa nahIM kintu nAnA prakAra se anugraha aura nigraha zakti ke kAraNa hai jaba ki jainoM ke ArAdhya aisI koI zakti ke kAraNa pUjya nahIM kintu vItarAgatA ke kAraNa ArAdhya haiM / ArAdhaka meM vItarAga ke prati jo Adara hai vaha use unakI pUjA meM prerita karatA hai, jaba ki vaidika devoM kA Dara ArAdhaka ke yajJa kA kAraNa hai / vaidikoM ne bhUdevoM kI kalpanA to kI kintu ve kAlakrama se svArthI ho gaye the / unako apanI purohitAI kI rakSA karanI thii| kintu jainoM ke bhUdeva vItarAga mAnava ke rUpa meM kalpita hai| unheM yajJAdi karake kamAI kA koI sAdhana juTAnA nahIM thaa| dhArmika karmakANDa meM vaidikoM meM yajJa mukhya thA jo adhikAMza binA hiMsA yA pazu-vadha ke pUrNa nahIM hotA thA jaba ki jainadharma meM kriyAkANDa tapasyArUpa hai-anazana aura dhyAnarUpa hai jisameM hiMsA kA nAma nahIM hai| ye vaidika yajJa devoM ko prasanna karane ke lie kiye jAte the jaba ki jainoM meM apanI AtmA ke utkarSa ke lie hI dhArmika anuSThAna hote the| usameM kisI deva ko prasanna karane kI bAta kA koI sthAna nahIM thaa| unake deva to votarAga hote the jo prasanna bhI nahIM hote aura aprasanna bhI nahIM hote / ve to kevala anukaraNIya ke rUpa meM ArAdhya the| vaidikoM ne nAnA prakAra ke indrAdi devoM kI kalpanA kara rakhI thI, jo tInoM loka meM the aura unakA varga manuSya varga se bhinna thA aura manuSya ke lie ArAdhya thaa| kintu jainoM ne jo eka varga ke rUpa meM devoM kI kalpanA kI hai ve mAnava varga se pRthagvarga hote hue bhI unakA vaha varga saba manu yoM ke lie ArAdhya koTi meM nahIM hai / manuSya deva kI pUjA bhautika unnati ke lie bhale kare kintu Atmika unnati ke lie to usase koI lAbha nahIM aisA mantavya jainadharma kA hai / ataeva aise ho vItarAga manuSyoM kI kalpanA jainadharma ne kI, jo devoM ke bhI ArAdhya haiN| deva bhI usa manuSya kI sevA karate haiN| sArAMza yaha hai ki deva kI nahIM kintu mAnava kI pratiSThA baDhAne meM jainadharma agrasara hai / deva yA Izvara isa vizva kA nirmAtA yA niyantA hai, aisI kalpanA vaidikoM kI dekhI jAtI hai| usake sthAna meM jainoM kA siddhAnta hai ki sRSTi to anAdi kAla se calI AtI hai, usakA niyantraNa yA sarjana prANiyoM ke karma se hotA hai, kisI anya kAraNa se nahIM / vizva ke mUla meM koI eka hI tattva honA jarUrI haiisa viSaya meM vaidika niSThA dekhI jAya to vividha prakAra kI hai| arthAt vaha eka tatva kyA hai, isa viSaya meM nAnA mata hai kintu ye sabhI mata isa bAta meM to

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ekamata hai ki vizva ke mUla meM koI eka hI tattva thaa| isa viSaya meM jainoM kA spaSTa mantavya hai ki vizva ke mUla meM koI eka tattva nahIM kintu vaha to nAnA tattvoM kA sammelana hai| veda ke bAda brAhmaNakAla meM to devoM ko gauNatA prApta ho gaI aura yajJa hI mukhya bana gaye / purohitoM ne yajJakriyA kA itanA mahattva bar3hAyA ki yajJa yadi ucita DhaMga se hoM to devatA ke lie anivArya ho gayA ki ve apanI icchA na hote hue bhI yajJa ke parAdhIna ho gye| eka prakAra se yaha devoM para mAnavoM kI vijaya thI kintu isameM bhI doSa yaha thA ki mAnava kA eka varga-brAhmaNavarga hI yajJa-vidhi ko apane ekAdhipatya meM rakhane laga gayA thA / usa varga kI anivAryatA itanI bar3hA dI gaI thI ki unake binA aura unake dvArA kiye gaye vaidika mantrapATha aura vidhividhAna ke binA yajJa kI sampUrti ho hI nahIM sakatI thI / kintu jainadharma meM isake viparIta dekhA jAtA hai| jo bhI tyAga tapasyA kA mArga apanAve cAhe vaha zUdra hI kyoM na ho, gurupada ko prApta kara sakatA thA aura mAnavamAtra kA saccA mArgadarzaka bhI banatA thA / zUdra vedapATha kara hI nahIM sakatA thA kintu jainazAstra. pATha meM unake lie koI bAdhA nahIM thii| dharmamArga meM strI aura puruSa kA samAna adhikAra thA, donoM hI sAdhanA karake mokSa pA sakate the / vedAdhyayana meM zabda kA mahattva thA ataeva vedamantroM ke pATha kI surakSA huI, saMskRta bhASA ko pavitra mAnA gayA, use mahattva milA / kintu jainoM meM pada kA nahIM, padArtha kA mahattva thaa| ataeva unake yahA~ dharma ke maulika siddhAnta kI surakSA huI kintu zabdoM ko surakSA nahIM huii| pariNAma spaSTa thA ki ve saMskRta kA nahIM, kintu lokabhASA prAkRta ko hI mahattva de sakate the / prAkRta apanI prakRti ke anusAra sadaiva ekarUpa raha hI nahIM sakatI thI, vaha badalatI hI gaI jaba ki vaidika saMskRta usI rUpa meM Aja vedoM meM upalabdha hai / upaniSadoM ke pahale ke kAla meM vaidikadharma meM brAhmaNoM kA prabhutva spaSTarUpa se vidita hotA hai, jaba ki jabase jainadharma kA itihAsa jJAta hai tabase usameM brAhmaNa nahIM kintu kSatriyavarga hI netA mAnA gayA hai / upaniSad kAla meM vaidikadharma meM brAhmaNoM ke samakSa kSatriyoM ne apanA sira uThAyA hai aura vaha bhI vidyA ke kSetra meN| kintu vaha vidyA veda na hokara AtmavidyA thI aura upaniSadoM meM AtmavidyA kA hI prAdhAnya ho gayA hai / yaha brAhmaNavarga ke Upara spaSTarUpa se kSatriyoM ke prabhutva kI sUcanA detA hai| vaidika aura jainadharma meM isa prakAra kA virodha dekhakara Adhunika pazcima ke vidvAnoM ne prArambha meM yaha likhanA zurU kiyA ki bauddhadharma kI hI taraha jainadharma bhI vaidikadharma ke virodha ke lie khar3A huA eka krAntikArI nayA dharma hai yA vaha

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( 7 ) bauddhadharma kI eka zAkhAmAtra hai / kintu jaise-jaise jainadharma aura bauddhadharma ke maulika sAhitya kA vizeSa adhyayana bar3hA, pazcimI vidvAnoM ne hI unakA bhrama dUra kiyA aura aba sulajhe hue pazcimI vidvAn aura bhAratIya vidvAn bhI yaha ucita hI mAnane lage haiM ki jainadharma eka svatantra dharma hai - vaha vaidika dharma kI zAkhA nahIM hai / kintu hamAre yahA~ ke kucha adhakacare vidvAn abhI bhI una purAne pazcimI vidvAnoM kA anukaraNa karake yaha likha rahe haiM ki jainadharma to vaidikadharma kI zAkhAmAtra hai yA vedadharma ke virodha meM khar3A huA nayA dharma hai / yadyapi hama prAcInatA ke pakSapAtI nahIM haiM, prAcIna honemAtra se hI jainadharma acchA nahIM ho jAtA kintu jo paristhiti hai usakA yathArtharUpa se nirUpaNa jarUrI hone se hI yaha kaha rahe haiM ki jainadharma veda ke virodha meM khar3A honevAlA nayA dharma nahIM hai / anya vidvAnoM kA anusaraNa karake hama yaha kahane ke lie bAdhya haiM ki bhArata ke bAharI pradeza meM rahanevAle Arya loga jaba bhArata meM Aye taba jisa dharma se bhArata meM unakI Takkara huI thI usa dharma kA hI vikasita rUpa jainadharma hai - aisA adhika sambhava hai / yadi veda se hI isa dharma kA vikAsa hotA yA kevala vaidikadharma kA virodha hI karanA hotA to jaise anya vaidikoM ne veda kA prAmANya mAnakara hI vedavirodhI bAtoM kA pravartana kara diyA, jaise upaniSad ke RSiyoM ne, vaise hI jainadharma meM bhI hotA kintu aisA nahIM huA hai, ye to nAstika hI gine gaye - vedanindaka hI gine gaye haiM - inhoMne vedaprAmANya kabhI svIkRta kiyA hI nahIM / aisI paristhiti meM use vaidikadharma kI zAkhA nahIM ginA jA sakatA / satya to yaha hai ki veda ke mAnanevAle Arya jaise-jaise pUrva ko ora bar3he haiM vaise-vaise ve bhautikatA se dUra haTakara AdhyAtmikatA meM agrasara hote rahe haiM - aisA kyoM huA ? isake kAraNoM kI jaba khoja kI jAtI hai taba yahI phalita hotA hai ki ve jaise-jaise saMskArI prajA ke prabhAva meM Aye haiM vaise-vaise unhoMne apanA ravaiyA badalA hai - usI badalate hue ye kI gU~ja upaniSadoM kI racanA meM dekhI jA sakatI hai / upaniSadoM meM kaI vedamAnyatAoM kA virodha to hai phira bhI ve veda ke aMga bane aura vedAnta kahalAe, yaha eka ora veda kA prabhAva aura dUsarI ora naI sUjha kA samanvaya hI to hai / veda kA aMga banakara vedAnta kahalAye aura eka taraha se veda kA anta bhI kara diyA / upaniSad bana jAne ke bAda dArzanikoM ne veda ko eka ora rakhakara upaniSadoM ke sahAre hI veda kI pratiSThA bar3hAnI zurU kI / vedabhakti rahI kintu niSThA to upaniSad meM hI bddh'ii| eka samaya yaha bhI AyA ki veda kI dhvanimAtra raha gaI aura artha nadArada ho gayA / usake artha kA uddhAra madhyakAla meM huA bhI to vaha vedAnta ke artha ko agrasara karake hI huA / Adhunika kAla meM bhI dayAnanda jaisoM ne bhI yaha sAhasa nahIM kiyA ki veda ke maulika hiMsA pradhAna artha kI pratiSThA

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kreN| veda ke hrAsa kA yaha kAraNa pUrvabhArata kI prajA ke saMskAroM meM nihita hai aura jainadharma ke pravartaka mahApuruSa jitane bhI hue haiM ve mukhyarUpa se pUrvabhArata kI hI dena haiM / jaba hama yaha dekhate haiM to sahaja hI anumAna hotA hai ki pUrvabhArata kA yaha dharma hI jainadharma ke udaya kA kAraNa ho sakatA hai, jisane vaidika dharma ko bhI nayA rUpa diyA aura hiMsaka tathA bhautika dharma ko ahiMsA aura AdhyAtmikatA kA nayA pATha pddh'aayaa| jaba taka pazcimI vidvAnoM ne kevala veda aura vaidika sAhitya kA adhyayana kiyA thA aura jaba taka sindhusaMskRti ko prakAza meM lAnevAle khudAI kArya nahIM hue the taba taka bhArata meM jo kucha saMskRti hai usakA mUla veda meM hI honA cAhie-aisA pratipAdana ve karate rahe / kintu jaba se mohena-jodAro aura harappA kI khudAI huI hai taba se pazcima ke vidvAnoM ne apanA mata badala diyA hai aura veda ke alAvA veda se bhI bar3ha-car3hakara vedapUrvakAla meM bhAratIya saMskRti thI-isa natIje para pahu~ce hai / aura aba to usa tathAkathita sindhusaMskRti ke avazeSa prAyaH samagra bhAratavarSa meM dikhAI dete haiM-aisI paristhiti meM bhAratIya dharmoM ke itihAsa ko usa naye prakAza meM dekhane kA prArambha pazcimIya aura bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne kiyA hai aura kaI vidvAn isa natIje para pahu~ce haiM ki jainadharma vaidikadharma se svatantra hai| vaha usakI zAkhA nahIM hai aura na vaha kevala usake virodha meM hI khar3A huA hai| prAcIna ya ta-muni-zramaNa : ___ mohena-jodAro meM aura harappA meM jo khudAI huI usake avazeSoM kA adhyayana karake vidvAnoM ne usakI saMskRti ko sindhusaMskRti nAma diyA thA aura khudAI meM sabase nimnastara meM milane vAle avazeSoM ko vaidika saMskRti se bhI prAcIna saMskRti ke avazeSa hai-aisA pratipAdana kiyA thaa| sindhusaMskRti ke samAna hI saMskRti ke avazeSa aba to bhArata ke kaI bhAgoM meM mile haiM-use dekhate hue usa prAcIna saMskRti kA nAma sindhusaMskRti avyApta ho jAtA hai / vaidika saMskRti yadi bhArata ke bAhara se Ane vAle AryoM kI saMskRti hai to sindhusaMskRti kA yathArtha nAma bhAratIya saMskRti hI ho sakatA hai / __ aneka sthaloM meM honevAlI khudAI meM jo nAnA prakAra kI mohareM milI haiM una para koI na koI lipi meM likhA huA bhI milA hai / vaha lipi sambhava hai ki citralipi ho / kintu durbhAgya hai ki usa lipi kA yathArtha vAcana abhI taka ho nahIM pAyA hai| aisI sthiti meM usakI bhASA ke viSaya meM kucha bhI kahanA sambhava

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(3) nahIM hai / aura ve loga apane dharma ko kyA kahate the, yaha kisI likhita pramANa se jAnA sambhava nahIM hai / kintu anya jo sAmagrI milI hai usa para se vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki usa prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti meM yoga ko avazya sthAna thA / yaha to hama acchI taraha se jAnate haiM ki vaidika AryoM meM veda aura brAhmaNakAla meM yoga kI koI carcA nahIM hai / unameM to yajJa ko hI mahattva kA sthAna milA huA hai / dUsarI ora jaina-bauddha meM yajJa kA virodha thA aura yoga kA mahattva | aisI paristhiti meM yadi jainadharma ko tathAkathita sindhusaMskRti se bhI sambaddha kiyA jAya to ucita hogA / aura unake puroM aba prazna yaha hai ki vedakAla meM unakA nAma kyA rahA hogA ? AryoM ne jinake sAtha yuddha kiyA unheM dAsa, dasyu jaise nAma diye kAma nahIM calatA / hameM to vaha zabda cAhie jisase usa jisameM yogaprakriyA kA mahattva ho / ye dAsa-dasyu pura meM rahate the kA nAza karake AryoM ke mukhiyA indra ne purandara kI padavI ko prApta kiyA / usI indra ne yatiyoM aura muniyoM kI bhI hatyA kI hai - aisA ullekha milatA hai ( atharva 0 2. 5. 3) / adhika sambhava yahI hai ki ye muni aura yati zabda una mUla bhArata ke nivAsiyoM kI saMskRti ke sUcaka haiM aura inhIM zabdoM kI vizeSa pratiSThA jainasaMskRti meM prArambha se dekhI bhI jAtI hai / ataeva yadi jainadharma kA purAnA nAma yatidharma yA munidharma mAnA jAya to isameM Apatti kI bAta na hogI / yati aura munidharma dIrghakAla ke pravAha meM bahatA huA kaI zAkhA prazAkhAoM meM vibhakta ho gayA thA / yaha hAla vaidikoM kA bhI thA / prAcIna jaina aura bauddha zAstroM meM dharmoM vividha pravAhoM ko sUtrabaddha karake zramaNa aura brAhmaNa ina do vibhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai / inameM brAhmaNa to ve haiM jo vaidika saMskRti ke anuyAyI haiM aura zeSa sabhI kA samAveza zramaNoM meM hotA thA / ataeva isa dRSTi se hama kaha sakate haiM ki bhagavAn mahAvIra aura buddha ke samaya meM jainadharma kA samAveza zramaNavarga meM thA / / kintu usase hamArA saMskRti kA bodha ho Rgveda (10.136.2) meM 'vAtarazanA muni' kA ullekha huA hai, jisakA artha hai - nagna muni / aura AraNyaka meM jAkara to 'zramaNa' aura 'vAtarazanA' kA ekIkaraNa bhI ullikhita hai / upaniSad meM tApasa aura zramaNoM ko eka batAyA gayA hai ( bRhadA0 4.3.22 ) / ina sabakA eka sAtha vicAra karane para zramaNoM kI tapasyA aura yoga kI pravRtti jJAta hotI hai / Rgveda ke vAtarazanA muni aura yati bhI ye hI ho sakate haiM / isa dRSTi se bhI jainadharma kA sambandha zramaNa paramparA se siddha hotA hai aura isa zramaNa paramparA kA virodha vaidika yA brAhmaNa-paramparA se calA A rahA hai, isakI siddhi ukta vaidika tathya se hotI hai ki indra ne yatiyoM aura

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( 10 ) muniyoM kI hatyA kI tathA pataJjali ke usa vaktavya se bhI hotI hai jisameM kahA gayA hai ki zramaNa aura brAhmaNoM kA zAzvatika virodha hai ( pAtaJjala mahAbhASya 5. 4.9) / jainazAstroM meM pA~ca prakAra ke zramaNa ginAye haiM unameM eka nirgrantha zramaNa kA prakAra hai - yahI jainadharma ke anuyAyI zramaNa haiM / unakA bauddhagranthoM meM nirgrantha nAma se paricaya karAyA gayA hai -- isase isa mata kI puSTi hotI hai ki jaina muni yA yati ko bhagavAn buddha ke samaya meM nirgrantha kahA jAtA thA aura ve zramaNoM ke eka varga meM the / sArAMza yaha hai ki vedakAla meM jainoM ke purakhe muni yA yati meM zAmila the / usake bAda unakA samAveza zramaNoM meM huA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya ve nirgrantha nAma se vizeSarUpa se prasiddha the / jaina nAma jainoM kI taraha bauddhoM ke lie bhI prasiddha rahA hai kyoMki donoM meM jina kI ArAdhanA samAnarUpa se hotI thI / kintu bhArata se bauddhadharma ke prAyaH lopa ke bAda kevala mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie jaina nAma raha gayA jo Aja taka cAlU hai / tIrthaMkaroM kI paramparA : jaina - paramparA ke anusAra isa bhAratavarSa meM kAlacakra utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI meM vibhakta hai / pratyeka meM chaH Are hote haiM / abhI avasarpiNI kAla cala rahA hai / isake pUrva utsarpiNI kAla thA / avasarpiNI ke samApta hone para puna: utsarpiNI kAlacakra zurU hogA / isa prakAra anAdikAla se yaha cala rahA hai aura anantakAla taka calegA / utsarpiNI meM sabhI bhAva unnati ko prApta hote haiM aura avasarpiNI meM hrAsa ko / kintu donoM meM tIrthaMkaroM kA janma hotA hai / unakI saMkhyA pratyeka meM 24 kI mAnI gaI hai / tadanusAra prastuta avasarpiNI meM abataka 4 tIrthaMkara ho cuke haiM / antima tIrthaMkara vardhamAna mahAvIra hue aura prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva / ina donoM ke bIca kA antara asaMkhya varSa hai / arthAt jaina paramparA ke anusAra RSabhadeva kA samaya bhAratIya jJAta itihAsakAla meM nahIM AtA / unake astitva - kAla kI yathArthatA siddha karane kA hamAre pAsa koI sAdhana nahIM / ataeva hama unheM paurANika kAla ke antargata le sakate haiM / unakI avadhi nizcita nahIM karate / kintu RSabhadeva kA caritra jainapurANoM meM varNita hai aura usameM jo samAja kA citraNa hai vaha aisA hai ki use hama saMskRti kA uSaHkAla kaha sakate haiM / usa samAja meM rAjA nahIM thA, logoM ko likhanA par3hanA, khetI karanA aura hathiyAra calAnA nahIM AtA thaa| samAja meM abhI susaMskRta lagnaprathA ne praveza nahIM kiyA thA / bhAI-bahana pati-patnI kI taraha vyavahAra karate aura santAnotpatti hotI thI / isa samAja ko susaMskRta banAne kA prArambha RSabhadeva ne kiyA /

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yahA~ hameM Rgveda ke yama-yamI saMvAda kI yAda AtI hai| usameM yamI jo yama kI bahana hai vaha yama ke sAtha sambhoga kI icchA karatI hai kintu yama ne nahIM mAnA, aura dUsare puruSa kI talAza karane ko kahA / usase yaha jhalaka milatI hai ki bhAIbahana kA pati-patnI hokara rahanA kisI samaya samAja meM jAyaja thA kintu usa prathA ke prati Rgveda ke samaya meM aruci spaSTa hai / Rgveda kA samAja RSabhadevakAlIna samAja se Age bar3hA huA hai-isameM sandeha nahIM hai / kRSi Adi kA usa samAja meM pracalana spaSTa hai / isa dRSTi se dekhA jAya to RSabhadeva ke samAja kA kAla Rgveda se bhI prAcIna ho jAtA hai / kitanA prAcIna, yaha kahanA sambhava nahIM nahIM ataeva usakI carcA karanA nirarthaka hai / jisa prakAra jaina zAstroM meM rAjaparamparA kI sthApanA kI carcA hai aura utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI kAla kI vyavasthA hai vaise hI kAla kI dRSTi se unnati aura hrAsa kA citra tathA rAjaparamparA ko sthApanA kA citra bauddhaparamparA meM bhI milatA hai| isake lie dIghanikAya ke cakkavattisutta (bhAga 3, pR0 46) tathA aggaJjasutta (bhAga 3, pR0 63) dekhanA cAhie / jainaparamparA ke kulakaroM kI paramparA meM nAbhi aura unake putra RSabha kA jo sthAna hai karIba vaisA hI sthAna bauddhaparamparA meM mahAsammata kA hai (agaJjasutta-dIgha0 kA) aura sAmayika paristhiti bhI donoM meM karIba-karIba samAnarUpa se citrita hai / saMskRti ke vikAsa kA use prArambha kAla kahA jA sakatA hai / ye saba varNana paurANika haiM, yahI usakI prAcInatA meM prabala pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai / hindU purANoM meM RSabhacarita ne sthAna pAyA hai aura unake mAtA-pitA marudevI aura nAbhi ke nAma bhI vahI hai jaisA jainaparamparA mAnatI hai aura unake tyAga aura tapasyA kA bhI vahI rUpa hai jaisA jainaparamparA meM varNita hai / Azcarya to yaha hai ki unako vedavirodhI mAna kara bhI viSNu ke avatArarUpa se buddha kI taraha mAnA gayA hai|' yaha isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki RSabha kA vyaktitva prabhAvaka thA aura janatA meM pratiSThita bhii| aisA na hotA to vaidika paramparA meM tathA purANoM meM unako viSNu ke avatAra kA sthAna na miltaa| jainaparamparA meM to unakA sthAna prathama tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM nizcita kiyA gayA hai| unakI sAdhanA kA krama yajJa na hokara tapasyA hai-yaha isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki ve zramaNa-paramparA se mukhyarUpa se sambaddha the / zramaNaparamparA meM yajJa dvArA deva meM nahIM kintu apane karma dvArA apane meM vizvAsa mukhya hai| 9. History of Dharmasastra, Vol. V, part II. p. 995; jai0 sA0 i0 pU0, pR0 120. Jain Education International

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( 12 ) paM0 zrI kailAzacandra ne ziva aura RSabha ke ekIkaraNa kI jo sambhAvanA prakaTa kI hai aura jaina tathA zaiva dharma kA mUla eka paramparA meM khojane kA jo prayAsa kiyA hai' vaha sarvamAnya ho yA na ho kintu itanA to kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki RSabha kA vyaktitva aisA thA jo vaidikoM ko bhI AkarSita karatA thA aura unakI prAcInakAla se aisI prasiddhi rahI jisakI upekSA karanA sambhava nahIM thA / ataeva RSabhacarita ne eka yA dUsare prasaGga se vedoM se lekara purANoM aura anta meM zrImadbhAgavata meM bhI viziSTa avatAroM meM sthAna prApta kiyA hai / ataeva DaoN0 jekobI ne bhI jainoM kI isa paramparA meM ki jainadharma kA prArambha RSabhadeva se huA haisatya kI sambhAvanA mAnI hai / 2 DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan ne yajurveda meM RSabha, ajitanAtha aura ariSTanemi kA ullekha hone kI bAta kahI hai kintu DaoN0 zubiMga mAnate haiM ki vaisI koI sUcanA usameM nahIM hai | paM0 zrI kailAzacandra ne DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan kA samarthana kiyA hai / kintu isa viSaya meM nirNaya ke lie adhika gaveSaNA kI AvazyakatA hai / eka aisI bhI mAnyatA vidvAnoM meM pracalita hai ki jainoM ne apane 24 tIrthaMkaroM ko nAmAvali kI pUrti prAcInakAla meM bhArata meM prasiddha una mahApuruSoM ke nAmoM ko lekara kI hai jo jainadharma ko apanAnevAle vibhinna vargoM ke logoM meM mAnya the / isa viSaya meM hama itanA hI kahanA cAhate haiM ki ye mahApuruSa yajJoM kI hiMsaka yajJoM kI pratiSThA karanevAle nahIM the kintu karuNA kI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI pratiSThA karanevAle the -- aisA kI koI bAta nahIM ho sakatI / jainaparamparA meM RSabha se lekara bhagavAn mahAvIra taka 24 tIrthaGkara mAne jAte tIrthaGkaroM kI jo kathAe~ haiM unameM se kucha hI kA nirdeza jainetara zAstroM meM hai| jainapurANoM meM dI gaI haiM unameM aisI kathAe~ bhI haiM jo nAmAntaroM se / ataeva unapara vizeSa vicAra na vizeSa vicAra karanA hai jinakA nAmasAmya anyatra binA nAma ke bhI nizcita pramANa mila sakate haiM / 1. jai0 sA0 i0 pU0 pR0 107. , ora tyAga tapasyA kI tathA mAnA jAya to isameM Apatti anyatra bhI prasiddha haiM kintu karake yahA~ unhIM tIrthaMkaroM para upalabdha hai yA jinake viSaya meM 2. jai0 sA0 i0 pU0, pR0 5. 3. Doctrine of the Jainas, p. 28, Fn. 2. 4. jai0 sA0 i0 pU0 pR0 108. , 5. Doctrine of the Jainas, p. 28.

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bauddha aMguttaranikAya meM pUrvakAla meM honevAle sAta zAstA vItarAga tIrthaMkaroM kI bAta bhagavAn buddha ne kahI hai-"bhUtapupvaM bhikkhave sunetto nAma satthA ahosi titthakaro kAmasU vItarAgo mugapakkha""aranemi"kuddAlaka" hatthipAla'"jotipAla arako nAma satthA ahosi titthakaro kAmesu vItarAgo / arakassa kho pana, bhikkhave, satthuno anekAni sAvakasatAni ahesu" (bhAga 3. pR0 256-257) / ___isI prasaMga meM arakasutta meM araka kA upadeza kaisA thA, yaha bhI bhagavAn buddha ne varNita kiyA hai / unakA upadeza thA ki "appakaM / jIvitaM manussAnaM parittaM, lahukaM bahudukkhaM bahupAyAsaM mantayaM boddhavvaM kattabbaM kusalaM, caritabbaM brahmacariyaM, natyi jAtassa amaraNaM' (pR0 257) / aura manuSyajIvana kI isa nazvaratA ke lie upamA dI hai ki sUrya ke nikalane para jaise tRNAgra meM sthita (ghAsa Adi para par3A) osabindu tatkAla vinaSTa ho jAtA hai vaise hI manuSya kA yaha jIvana bhI zIghra maraNAdhIna hotA hai / isa prakAra isa osabindu kI upamA ke alAvA pAnI ke bubuda aura pAnI meM daNDarAji Adi kA bhI udAharaNa dekara jIvana kI kSaNikatA batAI gaI hai (pR0 258) / araka ke isa upadeza ke sAtha uttarAdhyayanagata 'samayaM goyama mA pamAyae' upadeza tulanIya hai (uttarA. a. 10) / usameM bhI jIvana kI kSaNikatA ke Upara bhAra diyA gayA hai aura apramAdI banane ko kahA gayA hai / usameM bhI kahA hai kusagge jaha osabindue thovaM ciTThai laMbamANae / evaM maNuyANa jIviyaM samayaM goyama mA pamAyae / ___ araka ke samaya ke viSaya meM bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai ki araka tIrthakara ke samaya meM manuSyoM kI Ayu 60 hajAra varSa kI hotI thI, 500 varSa kI kumArikA pati ke yogya mAnI jAtI thii| usa samaya ke manuSyoM ko kevala chaH prakAra kI pIr3A hotI thI-zIta, uSNa, bhUkha, tRSA, pezAba karanA aura malotsarga karanA / inake alAvA koI rogAdi kI pIr3A na hotI thii| itanI bar3I Ayu aura itanI kama pIr3A phira bhI araka kA upadeza jIvana kI nazvaratA kA aura jIvana meM bahuduHkha kA thaa| bhagavAn buddha dvArA varNita isa araka tIrthaMkara kI bAta kA aThArahaveM jaina tIrthaMkara ara ke sAtha kucha mela baiTha sakatA hai yA nahIM, yaha vicAraNIya hai / jainazAstroM ke AdhAra se ara kI Ayu 84000 varSa mAnI gaI hai aura unake bAda honevAle mallI tIrthaMkara kI Ayu 55000 varSa hai| ataeva paurANika

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( 14 ) dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAya to araka kA samaya ara aura mallI ke bIca ThaharatA hai / isa Ayu ke bheda ko na mAnA jAya to itanA kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki ara yA araka nAmaka koI mahAn vyakti prAcIna purANakAla meM huA thA jinheM bauddha aura jaina donoM ne tIrthaMkara kA pada diyA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki isa araka se bhI pahale buddha ke mata se aranemi nAmaka eka tIrthaMkara hue haiM / buddha ke batAye gaye aranemi aura jaina tIrthaMkara ara kA bhI kucha sambandha ho sakatA hai / nAmasAmya AMzika rUpa se hai hI aura donoM kI paurANikatA bhI mAnya hai / bauddha theragAthA meM eka ajita thera ke nAma se gAthA hai maraNe me bhayaM natthi nikanti natthi jIvite / sandehaM nikkhipissAmi sampajAno paTissato // usakI aTThakathA meM kahA gayA hai ki ye ajita 91 kalpa ke pahale pratyekabuddha ho gaye haiM / jainoM ke dUsare tIrthaMkara ajita aura ye pratyekabuddha ajita yogyatA aura nAma ke alAvA paurANikatA meM bhI sAmya rakhate haiM / mahAbhArata meM ajita aura ziva kA aikya varNita hai / bauddhoM ke, mahAbhArata ke aura jainoM ke ajita eka haiM yA bhinna, yaha kahanA kaThina hai kintu itanA to kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki ajita nAmaka vyakti ne prAcInakAla meM pratiSThA pAI thI / - theragAthA 1.20 bauddhapika meM niggantha nAtaputta kA kaI bAra nAma AtA hai aura unake upadeza kI kaI bAteM aisI haiM jisase niggantha nAtaputta kI jJAtaputra bhagavAn mahAvIra se abhinnatA siddha hotI hai / isa viSaya meM sarvaprathama dhyAna AkarSita kiyA thA aura aba to yaha bAta DaoN0 jekobI ne vidvAnoM kA sarvamAnya ho gaI hai / DaoN0 astitva ko bhI sAbita kiyA kobI ne bauddhapiTaka se hI bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM meM bauddhapiTakoM meM bArabAra ullekha AtA hai ki unhoMne caturyAma kA upadeza diyA hai / DaoN0 jekobI ne isa para dvArA diyA gayA pracalita thA / hai ki buddha ke samaya meM caturyAma kA pArzvanAtha svayaM jainadharma kI paramparA meM mAnA gayA hai, usa caturyAma ke sthAna meM pA~ca mahAvrata kA upadeza diyA thaa| isa bAta ko buddha jAnate na the / ataeva jo pArzva kA upadeza thA use mahAvIra kA upadeza kahA paramparA ko mAnya pArzva aura gayA / bauddhapiTaka ke isa galata ullekha se jaina unake upadeza kA astitva siddha ho jAtA hai / pArzvanAtha ke astitva ke viSaya meM prabala pramANa pAte haiM / se anumAna lagAyA upadeza jaisA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa prakAra bauddhapiTaka se hama

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( 15 ) sorensana ne mahAbhArata ke vizeSa nAmoM kA koSa banAyA hai / usake dekhane se patA calatA hai ki supArzva, candra aura sumati ye tIna nAma aise haiM jo tIrthaMkaroM ke nAmoM se sAmya rakhate haiM / vizeSa bAta yaha bhI dhyAna dene kI hai ki ye tInoM hI asura haiN| aura yaha bhI hama jAnate haiM ki paurANika mAnyatA ke anusAra arhatoM ne jo jainadharma kA upadeza diyA hai vaha vizeSataH asuroM ke lie thA / arthAt vaidika paurANika mAnyatA ke anusAra jainadharma asuroM kA dharma hai / Izvara ke avatAroM meM jisa prakAra RSabha ko avatAra mAnA gayA hai usI prakAra supArzva ko mahAbhArata gayA hai / candra ko bhI aMzAvatAra lie kahA gayA hai ki varuNaprAsAda meM tathA eka anya sumati nAma ke RSi kA samakAlIna batAye gaye haiM / / kupatha nAmaka asura kA aMzAvatAra mAnA mAnA gayA hai / sumati nAmaka asura ke unakA sthAna daityoM aura dAnavoM meM thA bhI mahAbhArata meM ullekha hai jo bhISma ke jisa prakAra bhAgavata meM RSabha ko viSNu kA avatAra mAnA gayA hai usI prakAra avatAra ke rUpa meM to nahIM kintu viSNu aura ziva ke jo sahasranAma mahAbhArata meM diye gaye haiM unameM zreyasa, ananta, dharma, zAnti aura sambhava ye nAma viSNu ke bhI haiM aura aise hI nAma jaina tIrthaMkaroM ke bhI milate haiM / sahasranAmoM ke abhyAsa se yaha patA calatA hai ki paurANika mahApuruSoM kA abheda viSNu se aura ziva se karanA - yaha bhI usakA eka prayojana thA / prastuta meM ina nAmoM se jaina tIrthaMkara abhipreta haiM yA nahIM, yaha vicAraNIya hai| ziva ke nAmoM meM bhI ananta, dharma, ajita, RSabha - ye nAma Ate haiM jo tattat tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma bhI haiM / zAnti viSNu kA bhI nAma hai, yaha kahA hI gayA hai / usa nAma ke eka indra aura RSi bhI hue haiM / inakA sambandha tIrthaMkara se hai yA nahIM, yaha vicAraNIya hai / bIsaveM tIrthaMkara ke nAma munisuvrata meM muni ko suvrata kA vizeSaNa mAnA jAya to suvrata nAma ThaharatA hai| mahAbhArata meM viSNu aura ziva kA bhI eka nAma suvrata milatA hai / nAmasAmya ke alAvA jo ina mahApuruSoM kA sambandha asuroM se jor3A jAtA hai vaha isa bAta ke lie to pramANa banatA hI hai ki ye vedavirodhI the / unakA vedavirodhI honA unake zramaNaparamparA se sambaddha hone kI sambhAvanA ko dRr3ha karatA hai / AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa : sAmpratakAla meM Agama rUpa se jo grantha upalabdha haiM aura mAnya haiM unakI sUcI nIce dI jAtI hai / unakA vargIkaraNa karake yaha sUcI dI hai kyoMki prAyaH usI rUpa meM vargIkaraNa sAmpratakAla meM mAnya hai ' 1. vizeSa vistRta carcA ke lie dekhie - Prof. Kapadia--A History of the Canonical literature of the Jainas, Chap. II. mahAbhArata ke anusAra zAnti nAmaka jaina

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( 16 ) 11 aMga-jo zvetAmbaroM ke sabhI sampradAyoM ko mAnya haiM ve hai 1 AyAra (AcAra), 2 sUyagaDa (sUtrakRta), 3 ThANa (sthAna), 4 samavAya, 5 viyAhaphnnatti (vyAkhyAprajJapti), 6 nAyAdhammakahAo (jJAtadharmakathA), 7 uvAsagadasAo (upAsadazAH), 8 aMtagaDadasAo (antakRddazAH), 9 anuttarovavAiyadasAo (anuttaropapAdikadazAH), 10 paNhAvAgaraNAiM (praznavyAkaraNAni), 11 vivAgasuyaM (vipAkazrutam) (12 dRSTivAda, jo vichinna huA hai)| 12 upAMga-jo zvetAmbaroM ke tInoM sampradAyoM ko mAnya haiM 1 uvavAiyaM (aupapAtika), 2 rAyapaseNaijjaM (rAjaprasenajitka) athavA rAyapaseNiyaM (rAjapraznIyaM), 3 jIvAjIvAbhigama, 4 paNNavaNA (prajJApanA), 5 sUrapaNNatti (sUryaprajJapti), 6 jaMbuddIvapaNNatti (jambUdIpaprajJapti), 7 caMdapaNNatti (candraprajJapti), 8-12 nirayAvaliyAsuyakkhaMdha (nirayAvalikAzrutaskandhaH), 8 nirayAvaliyAo (nirayAvalikAH), 9 kappavaDisiyAo (kalpAvataMsikAH), 10 puSphiyAo (puSpikAH), 11 puSphacalAo (puSpacUlAH), 12 vahidasAo (vRssnnidshaaH)| 10 prakIrNaka-jo kevala zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sampradAya ko mAnya haiM 1 causaraNa (catuHzaraNa), 2 AurapaccAkkhANa (AturapratyAkhyAna), 3 bhattaparinnA (bhaktaparijJA), 4 saMthAra (saMstAra), 5 taMDulaveyAliya (taNDulavaicArika), 6 caMdavejjhaya (candravedhyaka), 7 devidatthaya (devendrastava), 8 gaNivijmA (gaNividyA), 9 mahApaccakkhANa (mahApratyAkhyAna), 10 vIratyaya (vIrastava) / 6 cheda-1 AyAradasA athavA dasA (AcAradazA), 2 kappa (kalpa'), 3 vavahAra (vyavahAra), 4 nisIha (nizItha), 5 mahAnisIha (mahAnizItha), 6 jIyakappa (jItakalpa) / inameM se antima do sthAnakavAsI aura terApanthI ko mAnyanahIM haiN| 2 cUlikAsUtra-1 nandI, 2 aNuyogadArA (anuyogadvArANi) / 4 mUlasUtra-1 uttarajjhAyA (uttarAdhyA yAH), 2 dasaveyAliya (daza kAlika), 3 Avassaya (Avazyaka), 4 piNDanijjutti (piNDaniyukti) / inameM se antima sthAnakavAsI aura terApanthI ko mAnya nahIM hai| ___ yaha jo gaNanA dI gaI hai usameM eka ke badale kabhI-kabhI dUsarA bhI AtA hai, jaise piNDaniyukti ke sthAna meM oghaniyukti / dasa prakIrNakoM meM bhI nAmabheda dekhA 1. dazAzruta meM se pRthak kiyA gayA eka dUsarA kalpasUtra bhI hai| usake nAmasAmma se bhrama utpanna na ho isa lie isakA dUsarA nAma bRhatkalpa rakhA gayA hai| ternational

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( 17 ) jAtA hai / cheda meM bhI nAmabheda hai / kabhI-kabhI paJcakalpa ko isa varga meM zAmila kiyA jAtA hai / " prAcIna upalabdha AgamoM meM AgamoM kA jo paricaya diyA gayA hai usameM yaha pATha hai - "iha khalu samaNeNaM bhagavayA mahAvIreNaM AigareNaM titthagareNaM.. ime duvAsaMge gaNipiDage paNNatte, taM jahA - AyAre sUyagaDe ThANe samavAe viyAhapannatti nAyAdhammakahAo uvAsagadasAo aMtagaDadasAo aNuttarovavAiyadasAo paNhAvAgaraNaM vivAgasue diTTivAe / tattha NaM je se cautthe aMge samavAtti Ahie tassa NaM ayamaTThe paNNatte" (samavAya aMga kA prArambha ) / samavAyAMga mUla meM jahA~ 12 saMkhyA kA prakaraNa calA hai vahA~ dvAdazAMga kA paricaya na dekara eka koTi samavAya ke bAda vaha diyA hai / vahA~ kA pATha isa prakAra prArambha hotA hai - duvAlasaMge gaNipiDage pannatte, taM jahA AyA re..... diTTivAe / se kaM taM AyAre ? AyAre NaM samaNANaM......... " ityAdi krama se eka- eka kA paricaya diyA hai / paricaya meM " aMgaTTayAe paDhameM........aMgaThThayAe docce.. ." ityAdi dekara dvAdaza aMgoM ke krama ko bhI nizcita kara diyA hai / pariNAma yaha huA ki jahA~ kahIM aMgoM kI ginatI kI gaI, pUrvokta krama kA pAlana kiyA gayA / anya vargoM meM jaisA vyutkrama dIkhatA hai vaisA dvAdazAMgoM ke krama meM nahIM dekhA jAtA / " 'aTTa' - 'artha' zabda kA tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra dUsarI bAta dhyAna dene kI hai ki " tassa NaM ayamaTThe paNNatte' ( samavAya kA prArambha) aura "aMgaTTayAe paDhame " - ityAdi meM 'aTTha' (artha) zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai vaha vizeSa prayojana se haiM / jo yaha paramparA sthira huI hai ki 'atthaM bhAsai arahA ( Avani0 192 ) - usI ke kAraNa prastuta meM prayoga hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki grantharacanA - zabda racanA kI nahIM hai kintu upalabdha Agama meM jo grantha-racanA hai, jina zabdoM meM yaha Agama upalabdha hai usase phalita honevAlA artha yA tAtparya bhagavAn dvArA praNIta hai / ye bhI zabda bhagavAn ke nahIM haiM kintu ina zabdoM kA tAtparya jo svayaM bhagavAn ne batAyA thA usase bhinna nahIM hai / unhIM ke upadeza ke AdhAra para " suttaM ganthanti gaharA niuNaM" (Avani0 192 ) - gaNadhara sUtroM kI racanA karate haiM / sArAMza yaha hai ki upalabdha aMga Agama kI racanA gaNadharoM ne kI hai--- aisI paramparA hai / 1. dekhie - Prof. Kapadia A History of the Canonical Literature of the Jainas, Chap. II. 2

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( 18 ) yaha racanA gaNadharoM ne apane mana se nahIM kI kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadeza ke AdhAra para kI hai, ataeva ye Agama pramANa mAne jAte haiN| tIsarI bAta jo dhyAna dene kI hai vaha yaha ki ina dvAdaza granthoM ko 'aMga' kahA gayA hai| inhIM dvAdaza aMgoM kA eka varga hai jinakA gaNipiTaka ke nAma se paricaya diyA gayA hai| gaNipiTaka meM ina bAraha ke alAvA anya Agama granthoM kA ullekha nahIM hai| isase yaha bhI sUcita hotA hai ki mUlarUpa se Agama ye hI the aura inhIM kI racanA gaNadharoM ne kI thii| 'gaNipiTaka' zabda dvAdaza aMgoM ke samuccaya ke lie to prayukta huA hI hai kintu vaha pratyeka ke lie bho prayukta hotA hogA aisA samavAyAMga ke eka ullekha se pratIta hotA hai - "tiNhaM gaNipiDagANaM AyAracUliyA vajjANaM sattAvannaM ajjhayaNA pannatA taM jahA-AyAre sUyagaDe tthaanne|" (samavAya 57 vaaN)| arthAt AcAra Adi pratyeka kI jaise aMga saMjJA hai vaise hI pratyeka kI 'gaNipiTaka' aisI bhI saMjJA thI aisA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / vaidika sAhitya meM 'aMga' (vedAMga) saMjJA saMhitAe~, jo pradhAna veda the, unase bhinna kucha granthoM ke lie prayukta hai / aura vahA~ 'aMga' kA tAtparya hai-vedoM ke adhyayana meM sahAyabhata vividha vidyAoM ke grantha / arthAt vaidika vAGmaya meM 'aMga' kA tAtparyArtha maulika nahIM kintu gauNa granyoM se hai| jainoM meM 'aMga' zabda kA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai / AcAra Adi aMga grantha kisI ke sahAyaka yA gauNa grantha nahIM haiM kintu inhoM bAraha granthoM se bananevAle eka varga kI ikAI hone se 'aMga' kahe gaye haiN| isameM sandeha nhiiN| isIse Age calakara zrutapuruSa kI kalpanA kI gaI aura ina dvAdaza aMgoM ko usa zrutapuruSa ke aMgarUpa se mAnA gayA / adhikAMza jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI paramparA paurANika hone para bhI upalabdha samagra jaina sAhitya kA jo Adisrota samajhA jAtA hai vaha jainAgamarUpa aMga sAhitya veda jitanA purAnA nahIM hai, yaha mAnI huI bAta hai| phira bhI use bauddhapiTaka kA samakAlIna to mAnA jA sakatA hai / DA0 jekobI Adi kA to kahanA hai ki samaya kI dRSTi se jainAgama kA racanAsamaya jo bhI mAnA jAya kintu usameM jina tathyoM kA saMgraha hai ve tathya aise 1. Doctrine of the Jainas, P. 73. 2. nandIcUrNi, pR0 47, kApaDiyA-kenonikala liTarecara, pR0 21. 3. "bauddhasAhitya jainasAhitya kA samakAlIna hI hai"-aisA paM0 kailAzacandra jaba likhate haiM taba isakA artha yahI ho sakatA hai| dekhiye-jaina. sA. i. pUrvapIThikA, pR0 174.

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( 19 ) nahIM haiM jo usI saMgraha kAla ke hoN| aise kaI tathya usameM saMgRhIta haiM jinakA sambandha prAcIna pUrva paramparA se hai / ' ataeva jainAgamoM ke samaya kA vicAra karanA ho taba vidvAnoM kI yaha mAnyatA dhyAna meM avazya rakhanI hogii| jaina paramparA ke anusAra tIrthaMkara bhale hI aneka hoM kintu unake upadeza meM sAmya hotA hai aura tattatkAla meM jo bhI antima tIrthaMkara hoM unhIM kA upadeza aura zAsana vicAra aura AcAra ke lie prajA meM mAnya hotA hai / isa dRSTi se bhagavAn mahAvIra antima tIrthakara hone se unhIM kA upadeza antima upadeza hai aura vahI pramANabhUta hai| zeSa tIrthakaroM kA upadeza upalabdha bhI nahIM aura yadi ho taba bhI vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadeza ke antargata ho gayA hai-aisA mAnanA caahie| prastuta meM yaha spaSTa karanA jarUrI hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jo upadeza diyA use sUtrabaddha kiyA hai gaNadharoM ne / isIlie arthopadezaka yA artharUpa zAstra ke kartA bhagavAn mahAvIra mAne jAte haiM aura zabdarUpa zAstra ke kartA gaNadhara haiN| 3 anuyogadvAragata ( sU 0 144, pR0 219 ) suttAgama, atthAgama, aMtAgama, aNaMtarAgama Adi jo lokottara Agama ke bheda haiM unase bhI isI kA samarthana hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne yaha spaSTa svIkAra kiyA hai ki unake upadeza kA samvAda bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke upadeza se hai tathA yaha bhI zAstroM meM kahA gayA hai ki pArzva aura mahAvIra ke AdhyAtmika sandeza meM mUlataH koI bheda nahIM hai / kucha bAhyAcAra meM bhale hI bheda dikhatA ho| jaina paramparA meM Aja zAsra ke lie 'Agama' zabda vyApaka ho gayA hai kintu prAcIna kAla meM vaha 'zruta' yA 'samyak zruta' ke nAma se prasiddha thaa|" isI se 'zrutakevalI' zabda pracalita huA na ki AgamakevalI yA sUtrakevalI / aura 1. Doctrine of the Jainas, P. 15. 2. isI dRSTi se jainAgamoM ko anAdi-ananta kahA gayA hai-'icceiyaM duvAlasaMgaM gaNipiDagaM na kayAi nAsI, na kayAi na bhavai, na kayAi na bhavissai, bhuvi ca bhavai ca. bhavissai ya, dhuve niae sAsae akkhae avvae avaTTie nicce"nandI, sU0 58, samavAyAMga, sU0 148. ___3. atthaM bhAsai arahA suttaM gaMthaMti gaNaharA niuNaM / sAsaNassa hiyaTTAe tao suttaM pavattai // -Avazyakaniyukti, gA0 192; dhavalA bhA0 1, pR0 64 tathA 72. 4. Doctrine of the Jainas, P. 29. 5. nandI, sU0 41.

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( 20 ) sthaviroM kI gaNanA meM bhI zrutasthavira' ko sthAna milA hai vaha bhI 'zruta' zabda kI prAcInatA siddha kara rahA hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne zruta ke paryAyoM kA saMgraha kara diyA hai vaha isa prakAra hai:- zruta, Aptavacana, Agama, upadeza, aitihya, AmnAya, pravacana aura jinavacana / inameM se Aja 'Agama'3 zabda hI vizeSataH pracalita hai| samavAyAMga Adi AgamoM se mAlUma hotA hai ki sarvaprathama bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jo upadeza diyA thA usakI saMkalanA 'dvAdazAMgoM' meM huI aura vaha 'gaNipiTaka' isalie kahalAyA ki gaNi ke lie vahI zrutajJAna kA bhaNDAra thaa| samaya ke pravAha meM AgamoM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI hI gaI jo 85 taka pahu~ca gaI hai| kintu sAmAnya taura para zvetAmbaroM meM mUrtipUjaka sampradAya meM vaha 45 aura sthAnakavAsI tathA terApantha meM 32 taka sImita hai| digambaroM meM eka samaya aisA thA jaba vaha saMkhyA 12 aMga aura 14 aMgabAhya = 26 meM sImita thii| kintu aMgajJAna kI paramparA vIranirvANa ke 682 varSa taka hI rahI aura usake bAda vaha AMzika rUpa se calatI rahI-aisI digambara-paramparA hai| Agama kI kramazaH jo saMkhyAvRddhi huI usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki gaNadharoM ke alAvA anya pratyekabuddha mahApuruSoM ne jo upadeza diyA thA use bhI pratyekabuddha ke kevalI hone se Agama meM sanniviSTa karane meM koI Apatti nahIM ho sakatI thii| isI prakAra gaNipiTaka ke hI AdhAra para manda buddhi ziSyoM ke hitArtha zrutakevalI AcAryoM ne jo grantha banAye the unakA samAveza bhI, Agama ke sAtha unakA avirodha hone se aura AgamArtha kI hI puSTi karanevAle hone se, AgamoM meM kara liyA gyaa| anta meM sampUrNadazapUrva ke jJAtA dvArA grathita grantha bhI Agama meM samAviSTa isalie kiye gaye ki ve bhI Agama ko puSTa karane vAle the aura unakA Agama se 1. sthAnAMga, sU0 159. 2. tattvArthabhASya, 1. 20. 3. sarvaprathama anuyogadvAra sUtra meM lokottara Agama meM dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka kA samAveza kiyA hai aura Agama ke kaI prakAra ke bheda kiye hai-sU0 144, pR0 218. 4. "duvAlasaMge gaNipiDage" -samavAyAMga, mU0 1 aura 136; nandI, sU0 41 Adi / 5. jayaghavalA, pR0 25; dhavalA, bhA0 1, pR0 96; gommaTasAra-jIvakANDa, gA0 367, 368. vizeSa ke lie dekhie-Agamayuga kA jainadarzana, pR0 22-27. 6. jai0 sA0 i0 pUrvapIThikA, pR0 528, 534, 538 ( inameM sakalazrutajJAna kA viccheda ullikhita hai| yaha saMgata nahIM jNctaa)|

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( 21 ) virodha isalie bhI nahIM ho sakatA thA ki ve nizcita rUpa se samyagdRSTi hote the / nimna gAthA se isI bAta kI sUcanA milatI hai suttaM gaNaharakathidaM taheva patteyabuddhakathidaM ca / sudakevaliNA kathidaM abhiNNadasapUvakathidaM ca // ' -mUlAcAra 5. 80 isase kahA jA sakatA hai ki kisI grantha ke Agama meM praveza ke lie yaha mAnadaNDa thaa| ataeva vastutaH jaba se dazapUrvadhara nahIM rahe taba se Agama kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi honA ruka gayA hogA, aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai| kintu zvetAmbaroM ke AgamarUpa se mAnya kucha prakIrNaka grantha aise bhI haiM jo usa kAla ke bAda bhI Agama meM sammilita kara liye gaye haiN| isameM una granthoM kI nirdoSatA aura vairAgya bhAva kI vRddhi meM unakA vizeSa upayoga-ye hI kAraNa ho sakate haiM yA kartA AcArya kI usa kAla meM vizeSa pratiSThA bhI kAraNa ho sakatI hai| jainAgamoM kI saMkhyA jaba bar3hane lagI taba unakA vargIkaraNa bhI Avazyaka ho gyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke maulika upadeza kA gaNadharakRta saMgraha dvAdaza 'aMga' yA 'gaNipiTaka' meM thA, ataeva yaha svayaM eka varga ho jAya aura usase anya kA pArthakya kiyA jAya yaha jarUrI thaa| atae va AgamoM kA jo prathama vargIkaraNa huA vaha aMga aura aMgabAhya isa AdhAra para huaa| isIlie hama dekhate hai ki anuyoga ( sU0 3 ) ke prArambha meM 'aMgapaviTTa' ( aMgapraviSTa ) aura 'aMgabAhira' ( aMgabAhya ) aise zruta ke bheda kiye gaye haiN| nandI ( sU0 44 ) meM bhI aise hI bheda haiM / aMgabAhira ke lie vahA~ 'aNaMgapaviTTha' zabda bhI prayukta hai ( sU0 44 ke anta meM ) / anyatra nandI ( sU0 38 ) meM hI 'aMgapaviTTha' aura 'aNaMgapaviTTha'-aise do bheda kiye gaye haiN| ina aMgabAhya granthoM kI sAmAnya saMjJA 'prakIrNaka' bhI thI, aisA nandIsUtra se pratIta hotA hai / aMgazabda ko dhyAna meM rakha kara aMgabAhya granthoM kI sAmAnya saMjJA 'upAMga' bhI thI, aisA nirayAvaliyA sUtra ke prArambhika ullekha se pratIta 1. yahI gAthA jayadhavalA meM uddhRta hai-10 153. isI bhAva ko vyakta karanevAlI gAthA saMskRta meM droNAcArya ne oghaniyukti kI TIkA meM pR0 3 meM uddhRta kI hai| 2. evamAiyAiM caurAsIiM painnagasahassAI......."ahavA jassa jattiyA sIsA uppattiyAe..."caunvihAe buddhIe uvaveA tassa tattiAiM paiNNagasahassAI......."-nandI, sU0 44.

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( 22 ) hotA hai aura usase yaha bhI pratIta hotA hai ki koI eka samaya aisA thA jaba ye nirayAvalayAdi pA~ca hI upAMga mAne jAte hoMge / samavAyAMga, nandI, anuyoga tathA pAkSikasUtra ke samaya taka samagra Agama ke mukhya vibhAga do hI the-- aMga aura aMgabAhya | AcArya umAsvAti ke tattvArtha sUtrabhASya' se bhI yahI phalita hotA hai ki unake samaya taka bhI aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya aise hI vibhAga pracalita the / sthAnAMga sUtra (277) meM jina cAra prajJaptiyoM ko aMgabAhya kahA gayA hai ve haiMcandraprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti, jambUdvIpaprajJapti aura dvIpasAgaraprajJapti / inameM se jambUdvIpaprajJapti ko chor3a kara zeSa tIna kAlika haiM- aisA bhI ullekha sthAnAMga ( 152 ) meM hai / aMga ke atirikta AcAra prakalpa ( nizItha ) ( sthAnAMga, 433; samavAyAMga, 28 ), AcAradazA ( dazAzrutaskandha ), bandhadazA, dvigRddhidazA, dIrghadazA aura saMkSepitadazA kA bhI sthAnAMga ( 755 ) meM ullekha hai / kintu bandhadazAdi zAstra anupalabdha haiM / TIkAkAra ke samaya meM bhI yahI sthiti thI, jisase unako kahanA par3A ki ye kauna grantha haiM, hama nahIM jAnate / samavAyAMga meM uttarAdhyayana ke 36 adhyayanoM ke nAma diye haiM ( sama. 36 ) tathA dazA - kalpavyavahAra ina tIna ke uddezanakAla kI carcA hai / kintu unakI chedasaMjJA nahIM dI gaI hai / prajJapti kA eka varga alaga hogA, aisA sthAnAMga se patA calatA hai / kuvalayamAlA ( pR0 34 ) meM aMgabAhya meM prajJApanA ke atirikta do prajJaptiyoM kA ullekha hai / 'cheda' saMjJA kaba se pracalita huI aura cheda meM prArambha meM kauna se zAstra sammi lita the - yaha bhI nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kintu Avazyaka niryukti meM sarvaprathama 'chedasutta' kA ullekha milatA hai / usase prAcIna ullekha abhI taka milA nahIM hai / isase abhI itanA to kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki Avazyakaniyukti ke samaya meM chedasutta kA varga pRthaka ho gayA thA / kuvalayamAlA jo 7-3-779 I0 meM aura viSayoM kA zramaNa cintana karate the sarvaprathama AcAra se lekara dRSTivAdaparyanta sUryaprajJapti tathA candraprajJapti kA ullekha hai / tadanantara ye gAthAe~ haiM samApta huI, usameM jina nAnA granthoM unake kucha nAma ginAye haiM / usameM aMgoM ke nAma haiM / tadanantara prajJApanA, 1. tattvArthasUtrabhASya, 1. 20. 2. Ava0 ni0 777; kenonikala liTarecara, pR0 36 meM uddhRta / 3. kuvalayamAlA, pR0 34 / 4. vipAka kA nAma inameM nahIM AtA, yaha svayaM lekhaka kI yA lipikAra kI asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa hai /

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( 23 ) aNNAi ya gaNaharabhAsiyAI sAmaNNakevalikayAiM / pacceyasayaMbuddhehiM viraiyAI gurNeti maharisiNo // katthai paMcAvayavaM dasaha cciya sAhaNaM parUveMti / paccakkhamaNumANapamANaca ukkayaM ca aNNe viyAreti // bhavajalahijANavattaM pemmamahArAyaNiyalaNiddalaNaM / kammaTThagaMThivajjaM aNNe dhammaM parikaheMti || mohaMdhayAraraviNo paravAyaku raMgadariya kesariNo / NayasayakharaNaharille aNNe aha vAiNo tattha // loyAloyapayAsaM dUraMtara sahavatthupajjoyaM / kevalasutaNibaddhaM nimittamaNNe viyAraMti // NANAjIvapattI suvaNNamaNirayaNadhA usaMjoyaM // jANaMti jaNiyajoNI joNINaM pAhuDaM aNNe // laliyavayaNatthasAraM savvAlaMkAraNivvaDiyasohaM / amayappavAhamahuraM aNe kavvaM viiMtaMti // bahutaM tamaMta vijjAviyANayA siddhajoyajoisiyA / acchaMti aNugutA avare siddhaMtasArAI || kuvalayamAlAgata isa vivaraNa meM eka to yaha bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki aMga ke bAda aMgabAhyoM kA ullekha hai / unameM aMgoM ke alAvA jina AgamoM ke nAma haiM ve mAtra prajJApanA, candraprajJApti aura sUryaprajJApti ke haiM / isake bAda gaNadhara, sAmAnyakevalI, pratyekabuddha aura svayaMsambuddha ke dvArA bhASita yA viracita granthoM kA sAmAnya taura para ullekha hai / ve kauna the isakA nAmapUrvaka ullekha nahIM hai / dUsarI bAta yaha dhyAna dene kI hai ki isameM dazapUrvIkRta graMthoM kA ullekha nahIM hai / gaNadhara kA ullekha hone se zrutakevalI kA ullekha sUcita hotA hai / dUsarI ora karma, mantra, tantra, nimitta Adi vidyAoM ke viSaya meM ullekha hai aura yonipAhuDa kA nAmapUrvaka ullekha hai / kAvyoM kA cintana bhI muni karate the yaha bhI batAyA hai / nimitta ko kevalIsUtranibaddha kahA gayA hai / kuvalayamAlA ke dUsare ullekha se yaha phalita hotA hai ki lekhaka ke mana meM kevala Agama granthoM kA hI ullekha karanA abhISTa nahIM hai / prajJApanA Adi tIna aMgabAhya granthoM kA jo nAmollekha hai yaha aMgabAhyoM meM unakI vizeSa pratiSThA kA dyotaka hai| dhavalA " jo 8. 10. 816 I0 ko samApta huI, usase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki usa kAla taka Agama ke aMgabAhya aura aMgapraviSTa aise do vibhAga the / 1. dhavalA, pustaka 1. pR0 96.

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( 24 ) kintu sAmpratakAla meM zvetAmbaroM meM AgamoM kA jo vargIkaraNa prasiddha hai vaha kaba zurU huA, yA kisane zurU kiyA - yaha jAnane kA nizcita sAdhana upasthita nahIM hai / svAdhyAya kI kAla taka aMga aura upAMga zrIcandra AcArya ( lekhanakAla I0 1112 se prArambha ) ne 'sukhabodhA samAcArI' kI racanA kI hai| usameM unhoMne Agama ke tapovidhi kA jo varNana kiyA hai usase patA calatA hai ki unake kI vyavasthA arthAt amuka aGga kA amuka upAMga aisI vyavasthA bana cukI thI / paThanakrama meM sarvaprathama Avazyaka sUtra tadanantara dazavaikAlika aura uttarAdhyayana ke bAda AcAra Adi aMga par3he jAte the| sabhI aMga eka hI sAtha krama se par3he jAte the, aisA pratIta nahIM hotA / prathama cAra AcArAMga se samavAyAMga taka par3hane ke bAda nisIha, jIyakappa, paMcakappa, kappa, vavahAra aura dasA' par3he jAte the / nisIha Adi kI yahA~ chedasaMjJA kA ullekha nahIM hai kintu ina sabako eka sAtha rakhA hai yaha unake eka varga kI sUcanA to detA hI hai / ina chedagranthoM ke adhyayana ke bAda nAyadhammakahA ( chaThA aMga ), uvAsagadasA, aMtagaDadasA, aNuttarovavAiyadasA, paNhAvAgaraNa aura vipAka ina aMgoM kI vAcanA hotI thI / vivAga ke bAda eka paMkti meM bhagavaI kA ullekha hai kintu yaha prakSipta ho-- aisA lagatA hai kyoMki vahA~ kucha bhI vivaraNa nahIM hai ( pR0 31 ) / isakA vizeSa varNana Age calakara "gaNijogesu ya paMcamaMgaM vivAhapannatti" ( pR0 31 ) ina zabdoM se zurU hotA hai / vipAka ke bAda uvAMga kI vAcanA kA ullekha hai / vaha isa prakAra hai-- uvavAI, rAyapaseNaiya, jIvAbhigama, pannavaNA, sUrapannatti, jaMbUdIvapannati, candannati / tIna pannattiyoM ke viSaya meM ullekha hai ki "tao pannatio kAliAo saMghaTTaca kIrai" ( pR0 32 ) / tAtparya yaha jAna par3atA hai ki ina tInoM kI tat tat aMga kI vAcanA ke sAtha bhI vAcanA kI jA sakatI hai / zeSa pA~ca aMgoM ke lie likhA hai ki "sesANa paMcaNhamaMgANaM mayaMtareNa nirayAvaliyA sukhaMdho uvaMgaM / " ( pR0 32 ) / isa nirayAvaliyA ke pAMca varga haiMnirayAvaliyA, kappavaDisiyA, puphiyA, pupphacUliyA aura vahIdasA / isake bAda 'iyANi pannagA' ( pR0 32 ) isa ullekha ke sAtha nandI, anuyogadvAra, vindattha, taMdulaveyAliya, caMdAvejjhaya, AurapaccakkhANa aura gaNivijjA - 1. sukhabodhA sAmAcArI meM 'nisIhaM sammattaM' aisA ullekha hai aura tadanantara jIpa Adi se sambandhita pATha ke anta meM 'kappavavahAradasAsuyakkhaMdho sammatto'aisA ullekha hai / ataeva jIyakappa aura paMcakappa kI sthiti sandigdha banatI hai - pR0 30.

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( 25 ) kA ullekha karake 'evamAiyA' likhA hai / isa ullekha se yaha siddha hotA hai ki prakIrNaka meM ullikhita ke alAvA anya bhI the / yahA~ yaha bhI dhyAna dene kI bAta haiM ki nandI aura anuyogadvAra ko sAmpratakAla meM prakIrNaka se pRthak ginA jAtA hai kintu yahA~ unakA samAveza prakIrNaka meM hai / isa prakaraNa ke anta meM 'bAhirajogavihisamatto' aisA likhA hai usase yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki upAMga aura prakIrNaka donoM kI sAmAnya saMjJA yA varga aMgabAhya thA / isake bAda bhagavatI kI vAcanA kA prasaMga uThAyA hai / yaha bhagavatI kA mahattva sUcita karatA hai / bhagavatI ke bAda mahAnisIha kA ullekha hai aura usakA ullekha nisIhAdi cheda graMthoM ke sAtha nahIM hai-- isase sUcita hotA hai ki vaha bAda kI racanA hai / matAntara dene ke bAda anta meM eka gAthA dI hai jisase sUcanA milatI hai ki kauna kisa aMga kA upAMga haiM-- nAyavvA "u0 rA0 jI0 pannavaNA sU0 jaM0 caM0 ni0 ka0 ka0 pu0 pu0 vahnidasanAmA / AyArAi uvaMgA Ayate ||" - sukhabodhA sAmAcArI, pR0 34. zrIcandra ke isa vivaraNa se itanA to phalita hotA hai ki unake samaya taka aMga, upAMga, prakIrNaka itane nAma to nizcita ho cuke the / upAMgoM meM bhI kauna graMtha samAviSTa haiM yaha bhI nizcita ho cukA thA, jo sAmpratakAla meM bhI vaisA hI prakIrNaka varga meM nandI-anuyogadvAra zAmila thA jo bAda meM jAkara pRthak ho gayA / mUlasaMjJA kisI kI bhI nahIM milatI jo Age jAkara AvazyakAdi ko milI hai / jinaprabha ne apane 'siddhAntAgamastava' meM AgamoM kA nAmapUrvaka stavana kiyA hai kintu vargIkaraNa nahIM kiyA / unakA stavanakrama isa prakAra hai-- Avazyaka, vizeSAvazyaka, dazavaikAlika, oghaniyukti, piNDaniyukti, nandI, anuyogadvAra, uttarAdhyayana, RSibhASita, AcArAMge Adi gyAraha aMga ( inameM kucha ko aMga saMjJA dI gaI hai), aupapAtika Adi 12 ( inameM kisI ko bhI upAMga nahIM kahA haiM ) samAdhi Adi 13 ( inameM kisI ko bhI prakIrNaka nahIM kahA hai), nizItha, dazAzruta, kalpa, vyavahAra, paMcakalpa, jItakalpa, mahAnizItha - itane nAmoM ke bAda niyukti Adi TIkAoM kA stavana hai / tadanantara dRSTivAda aura anya kAlika, utkAlika granthoM kI stuti kI gaI hai / tadanantara aMgavidyA, vizeSaNavatI, saMmati, nayacakravAla, tattvArtha, jyotiSkaraNDa, siddhaprAbhRta, vasudevahiNDI, karmaprakRti Adi prakaraNa granthoM kA ullekha hai / isa sUcI se eka bAta to siddha hotI hai ki bhale hI jinaprabha ne vargoM ke nAma nahIM diye kintu usa samaya taka kauna grantha kisake sAtha ullikhita honA cAhie aisA eka krama to bana gayA hogA / isIlie hama mUlasUtroM aura cUlikAsUtroM ke nAma eka sAtha hI pAte haiM / yahI bAta aMga, upAMga, cheda aura prakIrNaka meM bhI lAgU hotI hai /

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AcArya umAsvAti bhASya meM aMga ke sAtha upAMga' zabda kA nirdeza karate haiM aura aMgabAhya graMtha upAMgazabda se unheM abhipreta hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne aMgabAhya kI jo sUcI dI hai vaha bhI jinaprabha kI sUcI kA pUrvarUpa hai| usameM prathama sAmAyikAdi chaH AvazyakoM kA ullekha hai, tadanaMtara "dazavaikAlikaM, uttarAdhyAyAH, dazAH, kalpavyavahAro, nizIthaM, RSibhASitAnyevamAdi"-isa prakAra ullekha hai| isameM jo AvazyakAdi mUlasUtroM kA tathA dazA Adi chedagranthoM kA eka sAtha nirdeza hai, vaha unake vargIkaraNa kI pUrvasUcanA detA hI hai| dhavalA meM 14 aMgabAhyoM kI jo gaNanA kI gaI hai unameM bhI prathama cha: AvazyakoM kA nirdeza hai, tadanantara dazavaikAlika aura uttarAdhyayana kA aura tadanantara kappavavahAra, kappAkappiya, mahAkappiya, puMDarIya, mahApuMDarIya aura nisIha kA nirdeza hai| isameM kevala puMDarIya, mahApuMDarIya kA ullekha aisA hai jo nisIha ko anya cheda se pRthak kara rahA hai| anyathA yaha bhI mUla aura cheda ke vargIkaraNa kI sUcanA de hI rahA hai| __ AcArya jinaprabha ne I. 1306 meM vidhimArgaprapA grantha kI samApti kI hai| usameM bhI (pR. 48 se ) unhoMne AgamoM ke svAdhyAya kI tapovidhi kA varNana kiyA hai / krama se nimna 51 granthoM kA usameM ullekha hai-1 Avazyaka, 2 dazavakAlika, 3 uttarAdhyayana, 4 AcArAMga, 5 sUyagaDAMga, 6 ThANAMga, 7 samavAyAMga, 8 nisIha, 9-11 dasA-kappa-vavahAra, 12 paMcakappa, 13 jIyakappa, 14 vivAhapannatti, 55 nAyAdhammakahA, 16 uvAsagadasA, 17 aMtagaDadasA, 18 anuttarovavAiyadasA, 19 paNhAvAgaraNa, 20 vivAgasuya (diTThivAo duvAlasamaMgaM taM vocchinnaM ) ( pu0 56 ) isake bAda yaha pATha prAsaMgika hai-"ittha ya dikkhApariyAeNa tivAso AyArapakappaM vahijjA vAijjA ya / evaM cauvAso sUyagaDaM / paMcavAso dasA-kappa-vavahAre / aTTavAso ThANa-samavAe / dasavAso bhgvii| ikkArasavAso khuDDiyAvimANAipaMcajjhayaNe / bArasavAso aruNovavAyAipaMcajjhayaNe / terasavAso uThANasUyAicaurajjhayaNe / caudasAiaTThArasaMtavAso kameNa kameNa aasiivisbhaavnnaa-ditttthivisbhaavnnaa-caarnnbhaavnnaamhaasuminnbhaavnnaa-teynisgge| egUNavIsavAso diTThIvAyaM saMpunnavIsavAso savvasuttajogo tti' / / (pR0 56) / 1. "anyathA hi anibaddhamaGgopAGgazaH samudraprataraNavad duradhyavaseyaM syAt-" tattvArthabhASya, 1. 20. 2. "ohanijjuttI AvassayaM ceva aNupaviTThA"-vidhimArgaprapA, pR0 49. 3. dasA-kappa-vavahAra kA eka zrutaskandha hai yaha sAmAnya mAnyatA hai| kintu kisI ke mata se kappa-vavahAra kA eka skandha hai-vahI pR0 52.

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( 27 ) isake bAda "iyANi uvaMgA" aisA likhakara jisa aMga kA jo upAMga hai usakA nirdeza isa prakAra kiyA haiaMga upAMga 1 AcAra 21 ovAiya 2 sUyagaDa 22 rAyapaseNaiya 3 ThANa 23 jIvAbhigama 4 samavAya 24 paNNavaNA 5 bhagavaI 25 sUrapaNNatti 6 nAyA(dhamma) 26 jaMbuddIvapaNNatti 7 uvAsagadasA 27 caMdapaNNatti 8-12 aMtagaDadasAdi 28-32 nirayAvaliyA suyakkhaMdha (28 'kappiyA" 29 kappaDisiyA, 30 puphiyA, 31 pupphacUliyA, 32 vaNhidasA) AcArya jinaprabha ne matAntara kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai ki "aNNe puNa caMdapaNNatti. sUrapaNNatti ca bhagavaIuvaMge bhaNaMti / tesiM maeNa uvAsagadasAINa paMcaNhamaMgANaM uvagaM nirayAvaliyAsuyakkhaMdho"-pR0 57. isa mata kA utthAna isa kAraNa se huA hogA ki jaba 11 aMga upalabdha haiM aura bArahavA~ aMga upalabdha hI nahIM to usake upAMga kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / ataeva bhagavatI ke do upAMga mAna kara gyAraha aMga aura bAraha upAMga kI saMgati baiThAne kA yaha prayatna hai / anta meM zrIcandra kI sukhabodhA sAmAcArI meM prApta gAthA uddhRta karake 'ugavihI' kI samApti kI hai| tadanantara 'saMpayaM paiNNagA'- isa ullekha ke sAtha 33 naMdI, 34 anuyogadArAiM, 35 devidatthaya, 36 taMdulavaiyAliya, 37 maraNasamAhi, 38 mahApaccakkhANa, 39 AurapaccakkhANa, 40 saMthAraya, 41 candAvijjhaya, 42 bhattapariNA, 43 causaraNa, 44 vIratthaya, 45 gaNivijjA, 46 dIvasAgarapaNNatti, 47 saMgahaNI, 48 gacchAyAra, 49 dIvasAgarapaNNatti, 50 isibhAsiyAI-inakA ullekha karake 1. zrIcandra kI sukhabodhA sAmAcArI meM isake sthAna meM nirayAvaliyA kA nirdeza hai|

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( 28 ) 'paiNNagavihI' kI samApti kI hai / isase sUcita hotA hai ki inake mata meM 18 prakIrNaka the / anta meM mahAnisIha kA ullekha hone se kula 51 granthoM kA jinaprabha ne ullekha kiyA hai| jinaprabha ne saMgraharUpa jogavihANa nAmaka gAthAbaddha prakaraNa kA bhI uddharaNa apane grantha meM diyA hai-pR0 60 / isa prakaraNa meM bhI saMkhyAMka dekara aMgoM ke nAma diye gaye haiN| yogavidhikrama meM Avassaya aura dasaveyAliya kA sarvaprathama ullekha kiyA hai aura ogha aura piNDaniyukti kA samAveza inhIM meM hotA haiaisI sUcanA bhI dI hai ( gAthA 7, pR0 58) / tadanantara nandI aura anuyoga kA ullekha karake uttarAdhyayana kA nirdeza kiyA hai| isameM bhI samavAyAMga ke bAda dasA-kappa-vavahAra-nisIha kA ullekha karake inhIM kI 'chedasUtra' aisI saMjJA bhI dI hai-gAthA-22, pR0 59 / tadanantara jIyakappa aura paMcakappa (paNakappa) kA ullekha hone se prakaraNakAra ke samaya taka sambhava hai ye chedasUtra ke varga meM sammilita na kiye gae hoN| paJcakalpa ke bAda ovAiya Adi cAra upAMgoM kI bAta kaha kara vivAhapaNNatti se lekara vivAga aMgoM kA ullekha hai / tadanantara cAra prajJapti--sUryaprajJapti Adi nirdiSTa haiN| tadanantara nirayAvaliyA kA ullekha karake upAMgadarzaka pUrvokta gAthA (2060) nirdiSTa hai / tadanantara devidatyaya Adi prakIrNaka kI tapasyA kA nirdeza kara ke isibhAsiya kA ullekha hai| yaha bhI mata ullikhita hai jisake anusAra isibhAsiya kA samAveza uttarAdhyayana meM ho jAtA hai (gAthA 62, pR0 62) / anta meM sAmAcArIviSayaka paramparA bheda ko dekhakara zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie yaha bhI upadeza hai (gAthA 66) / jinaprabha ke samaya taka sAmpratakAla meM prasiddha vargIkaraNa sthira ho gayA thA isakA patA 'vAyaNAvihIM' ke utthAna meM unhoMne jo vAkya diyA usase lagatA hai-"evaM kappaticpAivihipurassaraM sAha samANiyasayalajogavihI mulaggantha-nandiaNuogadAra-uttarajjhayaNa - isibhAsiya-aMga-uvaMga-painnaya - cheyagganthaAgame vAijjA"-10 64 / isase yaha bhI patA lagatA hai ki 'mUla' meM Avazyaka aura dazavakAlika ye do hI zAmila the| isa sUcI meM 'mUlagrantha' aisA ullekha hai kintu pRthak rUpa se Avazyaka aura dazavakAlika kA ullekha nahIM hai-isI se isakI sUcanA milatI hai| __ jinaprabha ne apane siddhAntAgamastava meM vargoM ke nAma kI sUcanA nahIM dI kintu vidhimArgaprapA meM dI hai-isakA kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki unakI 1. gacchAyAra ke bAda-'iccAi paiNNagANi' aisA ullekha hone se kucha anya bhI prakIrNaka hoMge jinakA ullekha nAmapUrvaka nahIM kiyA gayA-pR0 58.

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( 29 ) hI yaha sujha ho, jaba unhoMne vidhimArgaprapA likhI / jinaprabha kA lekhanakAla sudIrgha thA yaha unake vividhatIrthakalpa kI racanA se patA lagatA hai / isakI racanA unhoMne I0 1270 meM zurU kI aura I0 1332 meM ise pUrNa kiyA' isI bIca unhoMne 1306 I0 meM vidhimArgaprapA likhI hai / stavana sambhavataH isase prAcIna hogA | upalabdha AgamoM aura unako TIkAoM kA parimANa : samavAya aura nandIsUtra meM aMgoM kI jo padasaMkhyA dI hai usameM pada se kyA abhipreta hai yaha ThIka rUpa se jJAta nahIM hotA / aura upalabdha AgamoM se padasaMkhyA kA mela bhI nahIM hai / digambara SaTkhaNDAgama meM gaNita ke AdhAra para spaSTIkaraNa karane kA jo prayatna hai vaha bhI kAlpanika hI hai, tathya ke sAtha usakA koI sambandha nahIM dIkhatA / 1 ataeva aba upalabdha AgamoM kA kyA parimANa hai isakI carcA kI jAtI ye saMkhyAe~ hasvapratiyoM meM granthAgrarUpa se nirdiSTa huI haiM / usakA tAtparya hotA hai - 32 akSaroM ke zlokoM se / lipikAra apanA lekhana pArizramika lene ke lie ginakara prAyaH anta meM yaha saMkhyA dete haiM / kabhI svayaM granthakAra bhI isa saMkhyA kA nirdeza karate haiM yahA~ dI jAnevAlI saMkhyAe~, bhAMDArakara orieNTala risarca insTITyUTa ke volyuma 17 ke 1-3 bhAgoM meM AgamoM aura unakI TIkAoM kI hasta pratiyoM kI jo sUcI chapI hai usake AdhAra se haiM--isase do kArya siddha hoMge - zlokasaMkhyA ke bodha ke alAvA kisa Agama kI kitanI TIkAe~ likhI gaIM isakA bhI patA lagegA / / 1. aMga ( 1 ) AcArAMga 37 "" " 31 13 " 11 2644, 2654 niyukti 450 cU 8750 vRtti 12300 dIpikA ( 1 ) 9000, 10000, 15000 (2) 9000 ," avacUri paryAya 1. jai0 sA0 saM0 i0, pR0 416. 2. jai0 sA0 i0 pUrvapIThikA, pR0 621; SaTkhaMDAgama, pu0 13, pR0 247-254. 3. kabhI-kabhI dhUrta lipikAra saMkhyA galata bhI likha dete haiM /

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( 30 ) (2) sUtrakRtAMga 2100 (prathama zrutaskandha kI 1000 ) niryukti 208 gAthA niyukti mUla ke sAtha 2580 niyukti vRtti harSa kulakRta dIpikA (1) 6600, 8600, 7100 7000 ( yaha saMkhyA mUla ke sAtha kI haiM ) 3J 11 31 " "" 32 " " " (3) sthAnAMga 3770, 3750 " 39 19 " " 21 13 17 " ( 4 ) samavAya 1667, 1767 " sAghuraMgakRta dIpikA 13416 pArzvacandrakRta vArtika (TabA ) 8000 cUrNi paryAya 11 (5) bhagavatI vRtti avacUrNi paryAya (6) jJAtAdharma }11850, 13000, 13325, TIkA ( abhayadeva ) 14250, 14500 saTIka 18000 dIpikA ( nAgarSigaNa ) saha 18000 bAlAaata stabaka 19000 paryAya bola vRtti 3575, 3700 paryAya 16000, 15800 18616, 19776 3114 5500, 6000, 5250, 5627, 5750, 6000 3700, 3815, 4700 vRtti savRtti 9755 bAlAvabodhasaha 18200

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( 31 ) (7) upAsakadazA 912, 872, 812 vRtti 944 71 ( 8 ) antakRta 900 "" stabaka (9) anuttaropapAtika 192 vRtti 437 17 vRtti ( upA0 anta0 anutta0 ) 1300 33 (10) praznavyAkaraNa 1250 vRtti 4630, 5630, 4800, 5016 stabaka paryAya 71 (11) vipAka 1250 " 17 r 17 2. upAMga ( 1 ) aupapAtika 27 (2) rAjapraznIya " "" (3) jIvAbhigama 4700, 5200 vRtti 14000 stabaka paryAya 17 13 (4) prajJApanA " " vRtti 1000, 909, 1167 stabaka 23 1167, 1500 vRtti 3455, 3135, 3125 " 2509, 2079, 2120 . vRtti 3650, 3700, 3798 " 13 (5) sUryaprajJapti TIkA 14000, 15000 TIkA (6) jambUdvIpaprajJapti 7989, 8100, 7787 pradezavyAkhyA saMgrahaNI paryAya "" 4458, 4146 . TIkA ( hIra0) 14252 (zAnti 0 )

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"3 (7) candraprajJapti 2058 vivaraNa 9500 21 (8-12) nirayAvalikA (5) 1109 "" 11 13 "" 3) 3. prakIrNaka (1) catuHzaraNa avacUri TabA viSamapada 37 " 11 "1 TabAsaha 15000 cUrNi (karaNa) 2023, 1823, 1860 vivRti (brahma) (2) AturapratyAkhyAna gAthA 84 vivaraNa 850 TabA ( 3 ) bhaktaparijJA 33 ( 4 ) saMstAraka 11 ( 32 ) TIkA 605, 650, 737, 637 " TabA 1100. paryAya bAlAvabodha "" vivaraNa avacUri bAlAvabodha (5) tandulavaicArika bAlAvabodha 11 ( 6 ) candrAvedhyaka avacUri ( 7 ) devendrastava ( 8 ) gaNividyA ( 9 ) mahApratyAkhyAna (10) vIrastava gAthA 63 gA0 173 granthAna 171 gAthA 121 400 gAthA 174 gA0 175. gAM0 307, gA0 292 gA0 86, gA0 85 gA0 143, gA0 142 gA0 43, gA0 42

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( 11 ) aMgacUlikA ( 12 ) aMgavidyA ( 13 ) ajIvakalpa ( 14 ) ArAdhanApatAkA ( 15 ) kavacadvAra ( 16 ) gacchAcAra 17 ( 17 ) jambUsvAmisvAdhyAya "3 37 ( 18 ) jyotiSkaraN 29 gA0 129 167 vivRti 5850 ( vijaya vimala ) "" " (19) tIrthodgAlika 73 11 "" " ( 33 ) 9000 gAthA 44 990 ( racanA saM. 1078 ) (22) piNDavizuddhi (20) dvIpasAgara prajJapti (21) paryantArAdhanA TIkA vAnaraSi avacUri 97 (23) maraNavidhi (24) yoniprAbhRta (25) vakacUlikA (26) sArAvalI (27) siddhaprAbhUta TabA 19 74 bAlAvaboSa 245 300 " bAlAvabodha avacUrNi TIkA 4400 subodhA 2800 dIpikA 703 ( padmasundara ) 5500 gA0 1251, gA0 1233 granthAgra 1565 gAthA 121

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4.. chedasUtra ( 1 ) nizItha "" 31 17 19 37 21 " (2) mahAnizItha TabA 11 (3) vyavahAra " "" 17 #3 73 TIkA prathama khaNDa ( u01-316856 pIThikA 2354 pIThikA aura u0 " "" cUrNi " 33 17 77 77 71 812 niyukti-bhASya gA0 6439 granthAgra 8400 "3 TippaNaka 7705 (?) cUrNi ( prathama u0 ) 5395 vizoddeza kanyA 0 paryAya ( 4 ) dazAzruta "" "J 71 ( 34 ) niyukti - bhASya 5200, gA0 4629 ur3ha 3 u0 10 4544 2565 4133 u0 1-10 37625 dvitIya khaNDa 10366 pIThikA paryAya paryAya kalpasUtra ( dazAzruta kA aMza ) 1216 10360 10878 2000 1380 niryukti gA0 154 cUrNi 2225, 4321, 2161, 2325 (?) TIkA (brahma) 5152 TippaNaka sandeha viSoSadhi ( jinaprabha ) 2268 avacUrNi kiraNAvalI ( dharmadAsa ) 8014 ( ? )

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( 35 ) ,, pradIpikA ( saMghavijaya ) 3200 , dIpikA ( jayavijaya ) 3432 kalpadrumakalikA ( lakSmIvallabha ) avacUri TippaNaka vAcanikAmnAya TabA niyukti-saMdehaviSauSadhisaha 3041 vRtti ( udayasAgara ) TippaNa ( pRthvIcandra ) durgapadanirukti 418 ___ kalpAntarvAcya ( kalpasamarthana ) 2700 , paryuSaNASTAhnikAvyAkhyAna , paryuSaNaparvavicAra maJjarI ( ratnasAgara ) 5695 (?) , latA ( samayasundara ) 8000 , subodhikA ( vinayavijaya ) 5400 ,, kaumudI ( zAntisAgara ) 3707, 9538 (?) , jJAnadIpikA ( jJAnavijaya) (5) bRhatkalpa 400, 473 ,, laghubhASya saTIka ( pIThikA ) 5600 __, u0 1-2 9500 ,, ,, 2-4 12540 ,, laghubhASya 6600 TabA , cUNi 14000, 16000 , vizeSaNi 11000 " vRhadbhASya 8600 ,, paryAya (6) paJcakalpa , cUNi 3135 , bRhadbhASya 3185 ( gA0 2574) ,, paryAya

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(7) jItakalpa gA0 103, gA0 105 ,, vivaraNalava ( zrItilaka ) , TIkA 6773 ,, cUNi ( siddhasena ) " paryAya (8) yatijItakalpa , vivRtti 5700 5-cUlikA sUtra ( 1 ) nandI 700 " vRttisaha 8535 , cUNi 1400 , vivaraNa ( hari0 ) 2336 , ( malaya0 ) 7732, 7832 , durgapadavyAkhyA ( zrIcandra ) , paryAya sthavirAvali ( nandIgatA ) " avacUri TabA , bAlAvabodha (2) anuyogadvAra 1399, 1604, 1800, 2005 " vRtti (hema ) 5700, 6000 , vArtika 6-mUlasUtra ( 1 ) uttarAdhyayana 2000, 2300, 2100 ,, sukhabodhA ( devendra = nemicandra ) 14916, 14200, 12000, 14427, 14452, 14000 ,, avacUri vRtti ( kIrtivallabha ) 8260 akSarArtha , lavaleza 6598 vRtti (bhAvavijaya ) 14255 dIpikA ( lakSmIvallabha) , dIpikA 8670

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( 37 ) bAlAvabodha 6250 , TabA 7000 ( pAvacandra ) , kathA 5000 ( padmasAgara ), 4500 ,, niyukti 604 ,, bRhadvRtti ( zAntisUri ) 18000 " bRhadvRttiparyAya ,, avacUNi ( jJAnasAgara ) 5250 (2) dazavakAlika 700 , niyukti 550 , vRtti ( hari0 ) ,, vRtti avacUri ,, ,, paryAya , TIkA ( sumati ) 2650 , TIkA 3000 TIkA 2800 , avacUri 2143 , TabA ( kanakasundara ) 1500 (3) Avazyaka , caityavandana-lalitavistarA 1270 paJjikA , TabA ( devakuzala) 3250 , vRtti ( taruNaprabha) , avacUri ( kulamaNDana ) bAlAvabodha TabA niyukti 2572, 3550, 3100, 3375, 3150 , pIThikA-bAlAvabodha , ziSyahitA ( hari0 ) 12343 ,, vivRti ( malaya0) , laghuvRtti ( tilakAcArya) niyukti-avacUri ( jJAnasAgara ) 9005 " , bAlAvabodha

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( 38 ) dIpikA laghuvRtti 13090 pradezavyAkhyA (hemacandra ) 4600 (?) vizeSAvazyakabhASya gA0 4314, gA0 3672, granthAna 5000, gA0 4336 " , vRtti svopajJa ,, ,, vRtti ( koTyAcArya) 13700 " , vRtti ( hemacandra ) 28000, 28976 (4) piNDaniyukti 7691 " ziSyahitA (vIragaNi = samudraghoSa) " vRtti (mANikyazekhara) " avacUri (kSamArala) (5) oghaniyukti 1460, gA0 1162, gA0 1154, gA0 1165, gA0 1164 " TIkA (droNa0) saha 7385, 8385 " TIkA (droNa0) 6545 " avacUri (jJAnasAgara) 3400 (6)pAkSikasUtra " vRtti (yazodeva) 2700 " avacUri 621, 1000 Agama aura unakI TIkAoM ke pariNAma ke ukta nirdeza se yaha patA calatA hai ki bAgama sAhitya kitanA vistRta hai| uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, kalpasUtra tathA AvazyakasUtra-inako TokAoM kI sUcI bhI kAphI lambI hai| sabase adhika TIkAe~ likhI gaI haiM kalpasUtra aura AvazyakasUtra pr| isase ina sUtroM kA vizeSa paThana-pAThana sUcita hotA hai| jaba se paryuSaNa meM saMghasamakSa kalpasUtra ke vAcana ko pratiSThA huI hai, isa sUtra kA atyadhika pracAra huaa| Avazyaka to nitya-kriyA kA grantha hone se usa para adhika TokAe~ liso jAya~ yaha svAbhAvika hai / AgamoM kA kAla : Adhunika videzI vidvAnoM ne isa bAta ko mAnA hai ki bhale hI devarSi ne pustaka lekhana karake AgamoM ke surakSA kArya ko Age bar3hAyA kintu ve, jaisA ki

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( 39 ) kucha jaina AcArya bhI mAnate haiM, ve unake kartA nahIM hai| Agama to prAcIna hI haiN| unhoMne unheM yatra-tatra vyavasthita kiyA / ' AgamoM meM kucha aMza prakSipta ho sakatA hai kintu usa prakSepa ke kAraNa samagra Agama sAhitya kA kAla devadhi kA kAla nahIM ho jAtA / usameM kaI aMza aise haiM jo maulika haiM / ataeva pUre Agama sAhitya kA eka kAla nahIM hai| tattat Agama kA parIkSaNa karake kAlanirNaya karanA jarUrI hai| sAmAnya taura para vidvAnoM ne aMga-AgamoM kA kAla, prakSepoM ko chor3akara, pATaliputra kI vAcanA ke kAla ko mAnA hai / pATaliputra kI vAcanA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bAda chaThe AcArya ke kAla meM bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM huI aura usakA kAla hai I. pU. 4thI zatAbdI kA dUsarA dazaka / DA. jekobI ne chanda Adi kI dRSTi se adhyayana karake yaha nizcaya kiyA thA ki kisI bhI hAlata meM Agama ke prAcIna aMza I0 pU0 cauthI ke anta se lekara I0 pU0 tIsarI ke prArambha se prAcIna nahIM Thaharate / hara hAlata meM hama itanA to mAna hI sakate haiM ki AgamoM kA prAcIna aMza I0 pUrva kA hai / unheM devadhi ke kAla taka nahIM lAyA jA sktaa| AgamoM kA lekhanakAla I0 453 (matAntara se I0 466) mAnA jAtA hai| valabhI meM usa samaya kitane Agama lekhabaddha kiye gaye isako koI sUcanA nahIM miltii| kintu itanI to kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai ki aMga-AgamoM kA prakSepoM ke sAtha yaha antima svarUpa thaa| ataeva aMgoM ke prakSepoM ko yahI antima maryAdA ho sakatI hai| praznavyAkaraNa jaise sarvathA nUtana aMga kI valabhI-lekhana ke samaya kyA , sthiti thI yaha eka samasyA banI hI rhegii| isakA hala abhI to koI dIkhatA nahIM hai / kaI vidvAn isa lekhana ke kAla kA aura aMga-AgamoM ke racanAkAla kA sammizraNa kara dete haiM aura iso lekhana-samaya ko racanA kAla bhI mAna lete haiN| yaha to aisI hI bAta hogI jaise koI kisI hastaprati ke lekhanakAla ko dekha kara use hI racanAkAla bhI mAna le / aisA mAnane para to samagra vaidika sAhitya ke kAla kA nirNaya jina niyamoM ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai vaha nahIM hogA aura hastapratiyoM ke AdhAra para hI karanA hogaa| saca bAta to yaha hai ki jaise vaidika vAGmaya zruta hai vaise hI jaina AgamoM kA aMga vibhAga bhI zruta hai / ataeva usake 1. dekheM-sekreDa buksa oNpha dI IsTa, bhAga 22 kI prastAvanA, pR0 39 . meM jekobI kA kathana / 2. Doctrine of the Jainas, P. 73. 3. sekreDa buksa oNpha dI IsTa, 22, prastAvanA pR0 31 se; DokTrina oNpha dI jainsa, pR0 73, 81.

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( 40 ) kAla nirNaya ke lie unhIM niyamoM kA upayoga Avazyaka hai jina niyamoM kA vaidika vAGmaya ke kAla nirNaya meM kiyA jAtA hai / aMga-Agama bhagavAn mahAvIra kA upadeza hai aura usake AdhAra para unake gaNadharoM ne aMgoM kI racanA kI hai / ataH racanA kA prArambha to bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kAla se hI mAnA jA sakatA hai / usameM jo prakSepa hoM unheM alaga kara unakA samaya-nirNaya anya AdhAroM se karanA cAhie / AgamoM meM aMgabAhya grantha bhI zAmila hue haiM aura ve to gaNadharoM kI racanA nahIM hai| ataH unakA samayanirdhAraNa jaise anya AcAryoM ke granthoM kA samaya nirdhArita kiyA jAtA hai vaise hI honA cAhie / aMgabAhyoM kA sambandha vividha vAcanAoM se bhI nahIM hai aura saMkalana se bhI nahIM hai| unameM jina granthoM ke kartA kA nizcita rUpa se patA hai unakA samaya kartA ke samaya se nizcita honA caahie| vAcanA, saMkalanA aura lekhana jina AgamoM ke hue unake sAtha jor3a kara ina aMgabAhya granthoM ke samaya ko bhI anizcita koTi meM DAla denA anyAya hai aura isameM sacAI bhI nahIM hai / aMgabAhyoM meM prajJApanA ke kartA AryazyAma haiM ataeva AryazyAma kA jo samaya hai vahI usakA racanAsamaya hai| AryazyAma ko vIranirvANa saMvat 335 meM yugapradhAna pada milA aura ve 376 taka yugapradhAna rhe| ataeva prajJApanA isI kAla kI racanA hai, isameM sandeha ko sthAna nahIM hai| prajJApanA Adi se anta taka eka vyavasthita racanA hai jaise ki SaTakhaNDAgama Adi grantha hai / to kyA kAraNa hai ki usakA racanAkAla vahI na mAnA jAya jo usake kartA kA kAla hai aura usake kAla ko valabhI ke lekhanakAla taka khIMcA jAya ? ataeva prajJApanA kA racanAkAla I0 pU0 192 se I0 pU0 151 ke bIca kA nizcita mAnanA caahie| candraprajJapti', sUryaprajJapti aura jambUdvIpaprajJapti-ye tIna prajJaptiyA~ prAcIna haiM isameM bhI sandeha ko sthAna nahIM hai| digambara paramparA ne dRSTivAda ke parikarma meM ina tInoM prajJaptiyoM kA samAveza kiyA hai aura dRSTivAda ke aMza kA aviccheda bhI mAnA hai / to yahI adhika sambhava hai ki ye tInoM prajJaptiyA~ vicchinma na huI hoN| inakA ullekha zvetAmbaroM ke nandI Adi meM bhI milatA hai| ataeva yaha to mAnA hI jA sakatA hai ki ina tInoM kI racanA zvetAmbara-digambara ke matabheda ke pUrva ho cukI thii| isa dRSTi se inakA racanAsamaya vikrama ke prArambha se idhara nahIM A sktaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki sUrya-candraprajJapti meM jo jyotiSa kI carcA hai vaha 1. sAmpratakAla meM upalabdha candraprajJapti aura sUryaprajJapti meM koI bheda nahIM diikhtaa|

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( 41 ) bhAratIya prAcIna vedAMga ke samAna hai| bAda kA jo jyotiSa kA vikAsa hai vaha usameM nhiiN| aisI paristhiti meM inakA samaya vikrama pUrva hI ho sakatA hai; bAda meM nhiiN| chedasUtroM meM dazAzruta, bRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra sUtroM kI racanA bhadrabAhu ne kI thii| inake Upara prAcIna niyukti-bhASya Adi prAkRta TIkAe~ bhI likhI gaI haiN| ataeva inake viccheda kI koI kalpanA karanA ucita nahIM hai| dhavalA meM kalpavyavahAra ko aMgabAhya ginA gayA hai aura usake viccheda kI vahA~ koI carcA nahIM hai / bhadrabAhu kA samaya I0 pU0 357 ke AsapAsa nizcita hai / ataH unake dvArA racita dazAzruta, bRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra kA samaya bhI vahI honA cAhie / nizItha AcArAMga kI cUlA hai aura kisI kAla meM use AcArAMga se pRthak kiyA gayA hai / usa para bhI niyukti, bhASya, cUNi Adi TIkAe~ haiN| dhavalA (pR096) meM aMgabAhya rUpa se isakA ullekha hai aura usake viccheda kI koI carcA usameM nahIM hai / ataeva usake viccheda kI koI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| DA0 jekobI aura zubiMga ke anusAra prAcIna chedasUtroM kA samaya I0 pU0 cauthI kA anta aura tIsarI kA prArambha mAnA gayA hai vaha ucita ho hai / ' jItakalpa AcArya jinabhadra kI kRti hone se usakA bhI samaya nizcita hI hai / yaha svatantra grantha nahIM kintu pUrvokta cheda granthoM kA sArarUpa hai| AcArya jinabhadra ke samaya ke nirdhAraNa ke lie vizeSAvazyaka kI jaisalamera ko eka prati ke anta meM jo gAthA dI gaI hai vaha upayukta sAdhana hai / usameM zaka saMvat 531 kA ullekha hai / tadanusAra I0 609 banatA hai / usase itanA siddha hotA hai ki jinabhadra kA kAla isase bAda to kisI bhI hAlata meM nahIM tthhrtaa| gAthA meM jo zaka saMvat kA ullekha hai vaha sambhavataH usa prati ke kisI sthAna para rakhe jAne kA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki vaha usase pahale racA gayA thA / ataeva isI ke Asa-pAsa kA kAla jItakalpa kI racanA ke lie bhI liyA jA sakatA hai| ___ mahAnizItha kA jo saMskaraNa upalabdha hai vaha AcArya haribhadra ke dvArA uddhAra kiyA huA hai / ataeva usakA bhI vahI samaya hogA jo AcArya haribhadra kA hai / AcArya haribhadra kA samayanirdhAraNa aneka pramANoM se AcArya jinavijayajI ne kiyA hai aura vaha hai I0 700 se 800 ke bIca kaa| mUlasUtroM meM dazavakAlika kI racanA AcArya zayyambhava ne kI hai aura yaha cUMki sAdhuoM ke nitya svAdhyAya ke kAma meM AtA hai ataeva usakA viccheda honA 1. DaoNkTrina oNpha dI jainsa, pR0 81.

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( 42 ) sambhava nahIM thaa| aparAjitasUri ne sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI meM usakI TIkA bhI likhI thI / usase pUrva niyukti, cUNi Adi TIkAe~ bhI usa para likhI gaI haiN| pA~cavIMchaThI zatI meM hone vAle AcArya pUjyapAda ne (sarvArthasiddhi, 1.20) bhI dazavaikAlika kA ullekha kiyA hai aura use pramANa mAnanA cAhie aisA bhI kahA hai| usake viccheda kI koI carcA unhoMne nahIM kI hai| ghavalA (10 96) meM bhI aMgabAhya rUpa se dazavakAlika kA ullekha hai aura usake viccheda kI koI carcA nahIM hai / dazavakAlika meM cUlAe~ bAda meM jor3I gaI haiM yaha nizcita hai kintu usake jo dasa adhyayana haiM jinake AdhAra para usakA nAma niSpanna hai ve to maulika hI haiM / aisI paristhiti meM una dasa adhyayanoM ke kartA to zayyambhava haiM hI aura jo samaya zayyambhava kA hai vahI usakA bhI hai / zayyambhava vIra ni. 75 se 90 taka yugapradhAna pada para rahe haiM ataeva unakA samaya I0 pU0 452 se 429 hai| isI samaya ke bIca dazavaikAlika kI racanA AcArya zayyambhava ne kI hogI / uttarAdhyayana kisI eka AcArya kI kRti nahIM hai kintu saMkalana hai| uttarAdhyayana kA ullekha aMgabAhya rUpa se dhavalA ( pR0 96 ) aura sarvArthasiddhi meM (1.20) hai / usapara niyukti-cUNi TIkAe~ prAkRta meM likhI gaI hai| isI kAraNa usakI surakSA bhI huI hai| usakA samaya jo vidvAnoM ne mAnA hai vaha hai I0 pU0 tIsarI-cauthI shtii|' Avazyaka sUtra to aMgAgama jitanA hI prAcIna hai| jaina nirgranthoM ke lie pratidina karane kI Avazyaka kriyA sambandhI pATha isameM haiM / aMgoM meM jahA~ svAdhyAya kA ullekha AtA hai vahA~ prAyaH yaha likhA rahatA hai ki 'sAmAiyAiNi ekAdasaMgANi' (bhagavatI sUtra 93, jJAtA 56, 64; vipAka 33); 'sAmAiyamAiyAI coddasapuvvAI' (bhagavatI sUtra 617, 432; jJAtA0 54, 55, 130) / isase siddha hotA hai ki aMga se bhI pahale Avazyaka sUtra kA adhyayana kiyA jAtA thA / Avazyaka sUtra kA prathama adhyayana sAmAyika hai| isa dRSTi se Avazyaka sUtra ke maulika pATha jina para niyukti, bhASya, vizeSAvazyaka-bhASya, cUNi Adi prAkRta TIkAe~ likhI gaI haiM ve aMga jitane purAne hoNge| aMgabAhya Agama ke bheda Avazyaka aura Avazyakavyatirikta-isa prakAra kiye gaye haiN| isase bhI isakA mahattva siddha hotA hai| Avazyaka ke chahoM adhyayanoM ke nAma dhavalA meM aMgabAhya meM ginAye haiN| aisI paristhiti meM Avazyaka sUtra kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hI hai / Avazyaka cU~ki nityaprati karane kI kriyA hai ataeva jJAnavRddhi aura dhyAna 1. DaoNkTrina oNpha dI jainsa, pR0 81.

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( 43 ) vRddhi ke lie usameM samaya-samaya para upayogI pATha bar3hate gaye haiM / Adhunika bhASA ke pATha bhI usameM jor3e gaye haiM kintu mUla pATha kauna se the isakA to pRthakkaraNa prAcIna prAkRta TIkAoM ke AdhAra para karanA sahaja hai / aura vaisA zrI paM0 sukhalAlajI ne apane 'pratikramaNa' grantha meM kiyA bhI hai / ataeva una pAThoM ke hI samaya kA vicAra yahA~ prastuta hai / una pAThoM kA samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla ke AsapAsa nahIM to unake nirvANa ke nikaTa yA bAda kI prathama zatI meM to rakhA jA sakatA hai / piNDaniyukti dazavaikAlika kI TIkA hai aura vaha AcArya bhadrabAhu kI kRti : hai / ye bhadrabAhu adhika sambhava yaha hai ki dvitIya hoM / yadi yaha sthiti siddha ho to unakA samaya pA~cavIM zatAbdI ThaharatA hai / nandIsUtra devavAcaka kI kRti hai ataeva usakA samaya pA~cavIM chaThI zatAbdI ho sakatA hai / anuyogadvArasUtra ke kartA kauna haiM yaha kahanA kaThina hai kintu itanA kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha Avazyaka sUtra kI vyAkhyA hai ataeva usake bAda kA to hai hI ! usameM kaI granthoM ke ullekha haiM / yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha vikrama pUrva kA grantha haiM / yaha grantha aisA hai ki sambhava hai usameM kucha prakSepa hue hoM / isakI eka saMkSipta vAcanA bhI milatI hai / prakIrNakoM meM se causaraNa, AurapaJcakkhANa aura bhattaparinnA --ye tIna vIrabhadra kI racanAe~ haiM aisA eka mata hai / yadi yaha saca hai to unakA samaya I0 951 hotA hai / gacchAcAra prakIrNaka kA AdhAra hai - mahAnizItha, kalpa aura vyavahAra / ataeva yaha kRti unake bAda kI ho isameM sandeha nahIM hai / " vastusthiti yaha hai ki eka-eka grantha lekara usakA bArIkI se adhyayana karake usakA samaya nirdhArita karanA abhI bAkI hai / ataeva jaba taka yaha nahIM hotA taba taka Upara jo samaya kI carcA kI gaI hai vaha kAma calAU samajhI jAnI cAhie | kaI vidvAn ina granthoM ke adhyayana meM lageM tabhI yathArtha aura sarvagrAhI nirNaya para pahu~cA jA sakegA / jaba taka aisA nahIM hotA taba taka Upara jo samaya ke bAre meM likhA hai vaha mAna kara hama apane zodhakArya ko Age bar3hA sakate haiM / Agama-viccheda kA prazna : vyavahArasUtra meM viziSTa Agama-paThana kI yogyatA kA jo varNana hai ( dazama uddezaka ) usa prasaMga meM nirdiSTa Agama tathA nandI aura pAkSikasUtra meM jo Agama-sUcI dI hai tathA sthAnAMga meM prAsaMgika rUpa se jina AgamoM kA ullekha 1. kApaDiyA - kenonikala liTarecara, pR0 52.

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hai-ityAdi ke AdhAra para zrI kApaDiyA ne zvetAmbaroM ke anusAra anupalabdha AgamoM kI vistRta carcA kI hai| ataeva yahA~ vistAra anAvazyaka hai / nimna aMga-AgamoM kA aMza zvetAmbaroM ke anusAra sAmpratakAla meM anupalabdha hai : 1 AcArAMga kA mahAparijJA adhyayana, 2 jJAtAdharmakathA kI kaI kathAe~, 3 praznavyAkaraNa kA vaha rUpa jo nandI, samavAya Adi meM nirdiSTa hai tathA dRSTivAda-itanA aMza to aMgoM meM se vicchinna ho gayA yaha spaSTa hai / aMgoM ke jo pariNAma nirdiSTa hai use dekhate hue aura yadi vaha vastusthiti kA bodhaka hai to mAnanA cAhie ki aMgoM kA jo bhAga upalabdha hai usase kahIM adhika vilupta ho gayA hai / kintu aMgoM kA jo parimANa batAyA gayA hai vaha vastusthiti kA bodhaka ho aisA jacatA nahIM kyoMki adhikAMza ko uttarottara dviguNa-dviguNa batAyA gayA hai kintu ve yathArtha meM vaise hI rUpa meM hoM aisI sambhAvanA nahIM hai| kevala mahattva samarpita karane ke lie vaisA kaha diyA ho yaha adhika sambhava hai| aisI hI bAta dvIpa-samudroM ke parimANa meM bhI dekhI gaI hai| vaha bhI gaNitika sacAI ho sakatI hai para yathArtha se usakA koI mela nahIM hai| digambara AmnAya jo dhavalA TIkA meM nirdiSTa hai tadanusAra gautama se sakala zruta (dvAdazAMga aura caudaha pUrva) lohArya ko milA, unase jambU ko| ye tInoM hI sakala zrutasAgara ke pAragAmI the| usake bAda krama se viSNu Adi pAMca AcArya hae jo caudaha pUrvadhara the| yahA~ yaha samajha lenA cAhie ki jaba unheM caudaha pUrvadhara kahA hai to ve zeSa aMgoM ke bhI jJAtA the hii| arthAt ye bhI sakalazrutadhara the| gautama Adi tIna apane jIvana ke antima varSoM meM sarvajJa bhI hue aura ye pA~ca nahIM hue, itanA hI ina donoM vargoM meM bheda hai| usake bAda vizAkhAcArya Adi gyAraha AcArya dasa pUrvaghara hue| tAtparya yaha hai ki sakalazru ta meM se kevala dasapUrva aMza ke jJAtA the, sampUrNa ke nhiiN| isake bAda nakSatrAdi pA~ca AcArya aise hue jo ekAdazAMgadhArI the aura bArahaveM aMga ke caudaha pUrvo ke aMzaghara hI the| eka bhI pUrva sampUrNa inheM jJAta nahIM thaa| usake bAda subhadrAdi cAra AcArya aise hue jo kevala AcArAMga ko sampUrNa rUpa se kintu zeSa aMgoM aura pUrvo ke eka deza ko hI jAnate the| isake bAda sampUrNa AcArAMga ke dhAraka bhI koI nahIM hue aura kevala sabhI aMgoM ke eka deza ko aura sabhI pUrvo ke eka deza ko jAnane vAle AcAryoM kI paramparA calI / yahI paramparA dharasena taka calo hai / 2 1. kenonikala liTarecara, prakaraNa 4. 2. dhavalA pu0 1, pR0 65.67; jayadhavalA, pR0 83.

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( 45 ) isa vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki sakalazrutadhara hone meM dvAdazAMga kA jAnanA jarUrI hai| aMgabAhya granthoM kA AdhAra ye hI dvAdazAMga the ataeva sakalazrutadhara hone meM aMgabAhya mahattva ke nhiiN| yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki isameM kramazaH aMgadharoM arthAt aMgaviccheda kI hI carcA hai / dhavalA meM hI AvazyakAdi 14 aMgabAhyoM kA ullekha hai kintu unake viccheda kI carcA nahIM hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki kama se kama dhavalA ke samaya taka aMgabAhyoM ke viccheda kI koI carcA digambara AmnAya meM thI hI nahIM / AcArya pUjyapAda ne zrutavivaraNa meM sarvArthasiddhi meM aMgabAhya aura aMgoM kI carcA kI hai kintu unhoMne Agamaviccheda kI koI carcA nahIM kI / AcArya akalaMka jo dhavalA se pUrva hue haiM unhoMne bhI aMga yA aMgabAhya Agamaviccheda kI koI carcA nahIM kI hai / ataeva dhavalA kI carcA se hama itanA hI kaha sakate haiM ki dhavalAkAra ke samaya taka digambara AmnAya meM aMgaviccheda kI bAta to thI kintu Avazyaka Adi aMgabAhya ke viccheda kI koI mAnyatA nahIM thii| ataeva yaha saMzodhana kA viSaya hai ki aMgabA hya ke viccheda kI mAnyatA digambara paramparA meM kaba se calI ? kheda isa bAta kA hai ki paM0 kailAzacandrajI ne Agamaviccheda kI bahuta bar3I carcA apanI pIThikA meM kI hai kintu isa mUla prazna kI chAnabIna kiye binA hI digambaroM kI sAmpratakAlIna mAnyatA kA ullekha kara diyA hai aura usakA samarthana bhI kiyA hai / vastusthiti to yaha hai ki Agama kI surakSA kA prazna jaba AcAryoM ke samakSa thA taba dvAdazAMgarUpa gaNipiTaka kI surakSA kA hI prazna thA kyoMki ye hI maulika Agama the| anya Agama grantha to samaya aura zakti ke anusAra banate rahate haiM aura lupta hote rahate haiN| ataeva AgamavAcanA kA prazna mukhyarUpa se aMgoM ke viSaya meM hI hai / inhIM ko surakSA ke lie kaI vAcanAe~ kI gaI haiN| ina vAcanAoM ke viSaya meM paM0 kailAzacandra ne jo citra upasthita kiyA hai ( pIThikA pR0 496 se ) usa para adhika vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai| vaha yathAsamaya kiyA jaaygaa| yahAM to hama vidvAnoM kA dhyAna isa bAta kI ora khIMcanA cAhate haiM ki Agama pustakAkAra rUpa meM likhe jAte the yA nahIM, aura isa para bhI ki zruta viccheda kI jo bAta hai vaha likhita pustaka kI hai yA smRta zruta kI ? Agama pustaka meM likhe jAte the isakA pramANa anuyogadvArasUtra jitanA to prAcIna hai hii| usameM AvazyakasUtra kI vyAkhyA ke prasaMga se sthApanA-Avazyaka kI carcA 1. dhavalA, pR0 96 (pu0 1).

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( 46 ) meM potthakamma ko sthApanA Avazyaka kahA hai / isI prakAra zruta ke viSaya meM sthApanA-zruta meM bhI potthakamma ko sthApanA-zruta kahA hai ( anuyogadvAra sUtra 31 pR0 32 a)| dravyazru ta ke bheda rUpa se jJAyakazarIra aura bhavyazarIra ke atirikta jo dravyazrata kA bheda hai usameM spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai ki "pattayapohayalihiya" ( sUtra 37 ) usa pada kI TIkA meM anuyogadvAra ke TIkAkAra ne likhA hai-'patrakANi talatAsyAdisaMbandhIni, tatsaMghAtaniSpannAstu pustakAH, tatazca patrakANi ca pustakAzca, teSu likhitaM patrakapustakalikhitam / athavA 'potthaya'ti potaM vastraM patrakANi ca potaM ca, teSa likhitaM patrakapotalikhitaM jJazarIrabhavyazarIra-vyatiriktaM dravyazrutam / atra ca patrakAdilikhitasya zrutasya bhAvazrutakAraNatvAt dravyazrutatvameva avaseyam / " pR0 34 / ___ isa zrutacarcA meM anu yogadvAra ko bhAvazrutarUpa se kauna sA zruta vivakSita hai yaha bhI Age kI carcA se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| Age lokottara noAgama bhAvazrata ke bheda meM tIrthaMkarapraNIta dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka AcAra Adi ko bhAvazruta meM ginA hai| isase zaMkA ko koI sthAna nahIM rahanA cAhie aura yaha spaSTa ho jAnA cAhie ki anuyogadvAra ke samaya meM AcAra Adi aMga pustakarUpa meM likhe jAte the| aMga Agama pustaka meM likhe jAte the kintu paThana-pAThana praNAlI meM to gurumukha se hI Agama kI vAcanA lenI cAhie yaha niyama thaa| anyathA karanA acchA nahIM samajhA jAtA thaa| ataeva prathama gurumukha se par3ha kara hI pustaka meM lekhana yA usakA upayoga kiyA jAtA hogA aisA anumAna hotA hai / vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM vAcanA ke zikSita Adi guNoM ke varNana meM AcArya jinabhadra ne 'guruvAyaNovagayaM'-guruvAcanopagata kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai ki "Na coritaM potthayAtovA"-gA0 852 / usakI svakRta vyAkhyA meM likhA hai ki "gurunirvAcitam, na cauryAt karNAghATitaM, svataMtreNa vA'dhItaM pustakAt"-vizeSA0 svopajJa vyAkhyA gA0 852 / tAtparya yaha hai ki guru kisI anya ko par3hAte hoM aura use coro se sunakara yA pustaka se zruta kA jJAna lenA yaha ucita nahIM hai / vaha to 1. anuyoga kI TIkA meM likhA hai-"athavA potthaM pustakaM sacceha saMpuTakarUpaM gRhyate tatra karma tanmadhye vatikAlikhitaM rUpakamityarthaH / athavA potthaM tADa patrAdi tatra karma tacchedaniSpanna rUpakam" pR0 13 a / 2. anuyogadvAra-sUtra 42, pR0 37 a / . 3. anuyogadvAra meM zikSita, sthita, jita Adi guNoM kA nirdeza hai unakI vyAkhyA jinabhadra ne kI hai-anu0 sU0 13.

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( 47 ) gurumukha se unakI sammati se suna kara hI karanA caahie| isase bhI spaSTa hai ki anuyogadvAra ke pahale grantha likhe jAte the kintu unakA paThana sarvaprathama gurumukha se honA jarUrI thA / yaha paramparA jinabhadra taka to mAnya thI hI aisA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / guru ke mukha se sunakara apanI smRti kA bhAra halakA karane ke lie kucha nodharUpa ( TippaNarUpa Agama prArambha meM likhe jAte hoMge / yaha bhI kAraNa hai ki usakA mUlya utanA nahIM ho sakatA jitanA zrutadhara kI smRti meM rahe hue AgamoM kA / yaha saba anumAna hI hai / kintu jaba Agama pustakoM meM likhe gaye the phira bhI vAcanAoM kA mahattva mAnA gayA, to usase yahI anumAna ho sakatA hai jo satya ke nikaTa hai / gurumukha se vAcanA meM jo Agama mile vahI Agama paramparAgata kahA jAyegA | pustaka se par3ha kara kiyA huA jJAna, yA pustaka meM likhA huA Agama utanA pramANa nahIM mAnA jAyagA jitanA gurumukha se par3hA huA / yahI guruparamparA kI vizeSatA hai / ataeva pustaka meM jo kucha bhI likhA ho kintu mahatva to usakA hai jo vAcaka ko smRti meM hai / ataeva pustakoM meM likhita hone para bhI usake prAmANya ko yadi mahattva nahIM milA to usakA mUlya bhI kama huA / isI ke kAraNa pustaka meM likhe rahane para bhI jaba-jaba saMgha ko mAlUma huA ho ki zrutadharoM kA hrAsa ho rahA hai, zrutasaMkalana ke prayatna kI AvazyakatA par3I hogI aura vibhinna vAcanAe~ huI hoMgI / aba Agamaviccheda ke prazna para vicAra kiyA jAya / Agamaviccheda ke viSaya meM bhI do mata haiN| eka ke anusAra sutta vinaSTa huA hai, taba dUsare ke anusAra sutta nahIM kintu suttadhara - pradhAna anuyogadhara vinaSTa hue haiM / ina donoM mAnyatAoM kA nirdeza nandI cUrNi jitanA to purAnA hai hI / Azcarya to isa bAta kA hai ki digambara paramparA ke dhavalA ( pR0 65 ) meM tathA jayadhavalA ( pR0 83 ) meM dUsare pakSa ko mAnA gayA hai arthAt zrutadharoM ke viccheda kI carcA pradhAnarUpa se kI gaI hai aura zrutadharoM ke viccheda se zruta kA viccheda phalita mAnA gayA hai / kintu Aja kA digambara samAja zruta kA hI viccheda mAnatA hai / isase bhI siddha hai ki pustaka meM likhita AgamoM kA utanA hI mahattva nahIM hai jitanA zrutagharoM kI smRti meM rahe hue AgamoM kA / jisa prakAra dhavalA meM zrutadharoM ke viccheda kI bAta kahI hai usI prakAra titthogAlI prakIrNaka meM zruta ke viccheda kI carcA kI gaI hai / vaha isa prakAra hai 1. nandI cUrNa, pR0 8

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( 48 ) 1 s s ur s x s 4 s ter prathama bhagavAn mahAvIra se bhadrabAhu taka kI paramparA dI gaI hai aura sthUlabhadra bhadrabAha ke pAsa caudahapUrva kI vAcanA lene gaye isa bAta kA nirdeza hai| yaha nirdiSTa hai ki dasapUrvadharoM meM antima sarvamitra the| usake bAda nirdiSTa hai ki vIranirvANa ke 1000 varSa bAda pUrvo kA viccheda huaa| yahA~ para yaha dhyAna denA jarUrI hai ki yahI ullekha bhagavatI sUtra meM ( 2.8 ) bhI hai| titthogAlI meM usake bAda nimna prakAra se kramazaH zrutaviccheda kI carcA kI gaI haiI0 723 = vIra-nirvANa 1250 meM vivAhaprajJapti aura chaH aMgoM kA viccheda I0 773 = ,, 1300 meM samavAyAMga kA viccheda 1350 meM ThANAMga kA 1400 meM kalpa-vyavahAra kA ,, 1500 meM dazAzruta kA , 1900 meM sUtrakRtAMga kA , I0 1473 = , 2000 meM vizAkha muni ke samaya meM nizItha kA ,, I0 1773 = , 2300 meM AcArAMga kA , dusamA ke zruta meM duppasaha muni ke hone ke bAda yaha kahA gayA hai ki ve hI antima AcAraghara hoNge| usake bAda anAcAra kA sAmrAjya hogaa| isake bAda nirdiSTa hai kiI0 19973 = vIrani0 20500 meM uttarAdhyayana kA viccheda I0 20373 = ,, 20900 meM dazavakAlika sUtra kA viccheda I0 20473 = , 21000 meM dazavakAlika ke artha kA viccheda, duppasaha muni kI mRtyu ke baad| I0 20473 = paryanta Avazyaka, anuyogadvAra aura nandI sUtra avya vacchinna rheNge| -titthogAlI gA0 697-866. titthogAlIya prakaraNa zvetAmbaroM ke anukUla grantha hai aisA usake adhyayana se pratIta hotA hai| usameM tIrthaMkaroM kI mAtAoM ke 14 svapnoM kA ullekha hai gA0 100, 1024; strI-mukti kA samarthana bhI isameM kiyA gayA hai gA. 556; Avazyakaniyukti kI kaI gAthAe~ isameM AtI haiM gA0 70 se, 383 se ityAdi; anuyogadvAra aura nandI kA ullekha aura unake tIrthaparyanta Tike rahane kI bAta; dazaAzcarya kI carcA gA0 887 se; nandIsUtragata saMghastutikA avataraNa gA0 848 se hai| "

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( 49 ) AgamoM ke kramika viccheda kI carcA jisa prakAra jainoM meM hai usI prakAra bauddhoM ke anAgatavaMza meM bhI tripiTaka ke viccheda ko carcA kI gaI hai / isase pratIta hotA hai ki zramaNoM kI yaha eka sAmAnya dhAraNA hai ki zruta kA viccheda kramazaH hotA hai / titthogAlI meM aMgaviccheda kI carcA hai / isa bAta ko vyavahArabhASya ke kartA ne bhI mAnA hai "titthogAlI etthaM vattavvA hoi ANupuvvIe / je tassa u aMgassa vucchedo jahi viNiddiTTho ||" - vya0 bhA0 10.704 isase jAnA jA sakatA hai ki aMgaviccheda kI carcA prAcIna hai aura yaha digambara - zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoM meM calI hai / aisA hote hue bhI yadi zvetAmbaroM ne aMgoM ke aMza ko surakSita rakhane kA prayatna kiyA aura vaha aMza Aja hameM upalabdha hai - yaha mAnA jAya to isameM kyA anucita hai ? eka bAta kA aura bhI spaSTIkaraNa jarUrI hai ki digambaroM meM bhI dhavalA ke anusAra sarva aMgoM kA sampUrNa rUpa se viccheda mAnA nahIM gayA hai kintu yaha mAnA gayA hai ki pUrva aura aMga ke ekadezaghara hue haiM aura unakI paramparA calI hai / usa paramparA ke viccheda kA bhaya to pradarzita kiyA hai kintu vaha paramparA vicchinna ho gaI aisA spaSTa ullekha dhavalA yA jayaghavalA meM bhI nahIM hai / vahA~ spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki vIranirvANa ke 683 varSa bAda bhAratavarSa meM jitane bhI AcArya hue haiM ve sabhI "savvesimaMgapuvvANamekadesadhArayA jAdA" arthAt sarvaM aMga-pUrva ke ekadezaghara hue haiM - jayaghavalA bhA0 1, pR0 86, dhavalA pR0 67 / tiloyapatti meM bhI zrutaviccheda kI carcA hai aura vahA~ bhI AcArAMgadhArI taka kA samaya vIrani0 683 batAyA gayA hai / tiloyapaNNatti ke anusAra bhI aMga zruta kA sarvathA viccheda mAnya nahIM hai / use bhI aMga - pUrva ke ekadezadhara ke astitva meM sandeha nahIM hai / usake anusAra bhI aMgavAhya ke viccheda kA koI prazna uThAyA nahIM gayA hai / vastutaH tiloyapaNNatti ke anusAra zrutatIrtha kA viccheda vIrani0 20317 meM hogA arthAt taba taka zruta kA ekadeza vidyamAna rahegA hI ( dekhie, 4. gA0 1475 - 1493 ) 1 tiloyapaNNatti meM prakSepa kI mAtrA adhika hai phira bhI usakA samaya DA0 upAdhye ne jo nizcita kiyA hai vaha mAnA jAya to vaha I0 473 aura 609 ke bIca hai| tadanusAra bhI usa samaya taka sarvathA zrutaviccheda kI carcA nahIM thI / tiloya paNNatti kA hI anusaraNa ghavalA meM mAnA jA sakatA hai| 4

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( 50 ) aisI hI bAta yadi zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI huI ho to isameM koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai / usameM bhI sampUrNa nahIM, kintu aMga-AgamoM kA ekadeza surakSita rahA ho aura use hI saMkalita kara surakSita rakhA gayA ho to isameM kyA asaMgati hai ? donoM paramparAoM meM aMga-AgamoM kA jo pariNAma batAyA gayA hai use dekhate hue zvetAmbaroM ke aMga-Agama ekadeza hI siddha hote haiM / ye Agama Adhunika digambaroM ko mAnya hoM yA na hoM yaha eka dUsarA prazna hai / kintu zvetAmbaroM ne jina aMgoM ko saMkalita kara surakSita rakhA hai usameM aMgoM kA eka aMza -- bar3A aMza vidyamAna hai - itanI bAta meM to zaMkA kA koI sthAna honA nahIM cAhie / sAtha hI yaha bhI svIkAra karanA cAhie ki una aMgoM meM yatra-tatra prakSepa bhI haiM aura praznavyAkaraNa to nayA hI banAyA gayA hai / isa carcA ke prakAza meM yadi hama nimna vAkya jo paM0 kailAzacandra ne apanI pIThikA meM likhA hai use nirAdhAra kaheM to anucita nahIM mAnA jAyagA / unhoMne likhA hai -- " aura anta meM mahAvIranirvANa se 683 varSa ke pazcAt aMgoM kA jJAna pUrNatayA naSTa ho gayA / " pIThikA pR0 518 / unakA yaha mata svayaM dhavalA aura jayadhavalA ke abhimatoM se viruddha hai aura apanI kalpanA ke AdhAra para khar3A kiyA gayA hai / zrutAvatAra : zrutAvatAra kI paramparA zvetAmbara - digambaroM meM eka sI hai kintu paM0 kailAzacandrajI ne usameM bhI bheda batAne kA prayatna kiyA hai / ataeva yahA~ prathama donoM sampradAyoM meM isI viSaya meM kisa prakAra aikya hai, sarva prathama isakI carcA karake bAda meM paNDitajI ke kucha praznoM kA samAdhAna karane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra zAsana ke netA the aura unake aneka gaNadhara the isa viSaya meM donoM sampradAyoM meM koI matabheda nahIM / bhagavAn mahAvIra yA anya koI tIrthaMkara artha kA hI upadeza dete haiM, sUtra kI racanA nahIM karate isameM bhI donoM sampradAyoM kA aikamatya hai / zrutAvatAra kA krama batAte hue anuyogaddhAra meM kahA gayA hai "ahavA Agame tivihe paNNatte / taM jahA attAgame aNaMtarAgame paraMparAgame / titthagarANaM atthassa attAgame, gaNaharANaM suttassa attAgame atthassa aNaMtarAgame, gaNaharasIsANaM suttassa aNaMtarAgame atthassa paraMparAgame / teNa paraM suttassa vi atthassa vi No attAgame, No anaMtarAgame paraMparAgame / " anuyogadvAra sU0 144, pR0 219 / isI kA punarAvartana nizIthacUrNi ( pR04 ) Adi meM bhI kiyA gayA hai /

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pUjyapAdakRta sarvArthasiddhi grantha meM isa viSaya meM jo likhA hai vaha isa prakAra hai-"tatra sarvajJena paramarSiNA paramAcintyakevalajJAnavibhUtivizeSeNa arthata Agama uddiSTaH / tasya sAkSAt ziSyaiH buddhayatizaddhiyuktai; gaNadharaiH zrutakevalibhiranusmRtagrantharacanam-aGgapUrvalakSaNam |"-srvaarthsiddhi 1.20 / ___ spaSTa hai ki pUjyapAda ke samaya taka grantharacanA ke viSaya meM zvetAmbaradigambara meM koI matabheda nahIM hai / yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki kevala eka hI gaNadhara sUtra racanA nahIM karate kintu aneka gaNadhara sUtraracanA karate haiN| pUjyapAda ko to yahIM paramparA mAnya hai jo zvetAmbaroM ke sammata anuyoga meM dI gaI hai yaha spaSTa hai| isI paramparA kA samarthana AcArya akalaMka aura vidyAnanda ne bhI kiyA haibuddhayatizaddhiyuktairgaNadharaiH anusmRtagrantharacanam-AcArAdidvAdazavidhamaGgapraviSTamucyate |"-raajvaartik 1. 20. 12, pR0 72 / "tasyApyarthataH sarvajJavotarAgapraNetRkatvasiddhaH, 'ahaMbhASitArthaM gaNadharadevaiH prathitam' iti vacanAt / " tattvArthazlokavArtika pR0 6; "dravyazrutaM hi dvAdazAGgaM vacanAtmakamAptopadezarUpameva, tadarthajJAnaM tu bhAvazrutam tadubhayamapi gaNadharadevAnAM bhagavadarhatsarvajJavacanAtizayaprasAdAt svamatizru tijJAnAvaraNavIryAntarAyakSayopazamAtizayAcca utpadyamAnaM kathamAptAyattaM na bhavet ?' vahI pR0 1 / isa taraha AcArya pUjyapAda, AcArya akalaMka aura AcArya vidyAnanda ye sabhI digambara AcArya spaSTa rUpa se mAnate haiM ki sabhI gaNadhara sUtra-racanA karate haiN| aisI paristhiti meM ina AcAryoM ke mata ke anusAra yahI phalita hotA hai ki gautama gaNavara ne aura anya sudharmA Adi ne bhI grantharacanA kI thii| kevala gautama ne hI grantharacanA kI ho aura sudharmA Adi ne na kI ho yaha phalita nahIM hotaa| yaha paristhiti vidyAnanda taka to mAnya thI aisA pratIta hotA hai / aisA hI mata zvetAmbaroM kA bhI hai| paM0 kailAzacandra ne yaha likhA hai ki "hamane isa bAta ko khojanA cAhA ki jaise digambara paramparA ke anusAra pradhAna gaNadhara gautama ne mahAvIra kI dezanA ko aMgoM meM gUthA vaise zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra kI vANI ko sunakara use aMgoM meM kisane nibaddha kiyA ? kintu khojane para bhI hameM kisI khAsa gaNadhara kA nirdeza isa sambandha meM nahIM milA |"-piitthikaa pR0 530 / isa viSaya meM prathama yaha batA denA jarUrI hai ki yahA~ paM0 kailAzacandra jI yaha bAta 'kevala gautama ne ho aMgaracanA kI thI'-isa mantavya ko mAnakara hI

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( 52 ) kara rahe haiM / aura yaha mantavya dhavalA se unheM milA hai jahAM yaha kahA hai gayA ki gautama ne aMgajJAna sudharmA ko diyA / ataeva yaha phalita kiyA gayA ki sudharmA ne aMgagrathana nahIM kiyA thA, kevala gautama ne kiyA thaa| hamane Upara jo pUjyapAda Adi dhavalA se prAcIna AcAryoM ke avataraNa diye haiM usase to yahI phalita hotA hai ki dhavalAkAra ne apanA yaha nayA mantavya pracalita kiyA hai yadi jaisA paNDita kailAzacandra ne mAnA hai-yahI saca ho| ataeva dhavalAkAra ke vAkya kI saMgati baiThAnA ho to isa viSaya meM dUsarA hI mArga lenA hogA yA yaha mAnanA hogA ki dhavalAkAra prAcIna AcAryoM se pRthak matAntara ko upasthita kara rahe haiM, jisakA koI prAcIna AdhAra nahIM hai| yaha kevala unhIM kA calAyA huA mata hai / hamArA mata to yahI hai ki dhavalAkAra ke vAkya kI saMgati baiThAne kA dUsarA ho mArga lenA cAhie, na ki pUrvAcAryoM ke mata ke sAtha unakI visaMgati kA / aba yaha dekhA jAya ki kyA zvetAmbaroM ne kisI gaNadhara vyakti kA nAma sUtra ke racayitA ke rUpa meM diyA hai ki nahIM jisakI khoja to paM0 kailAzacanda ne kI kintu ve viphala rhe| Avazyakaniyukti kI gAthA hai "ekkArasa vi gaNadhare pavAyae pavayaNassa vadAmi / savvaM gaNadharavaMsaM vAyagavaMsaM pavayaNaM ca // 80 // -vizeSA0 1062 isakI TIkA meM AcArya maladhArI ne spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai "gautamAdIn vande / kathaM bhUtAn prakarSeNa pradhAnAH Adau vA vAcakAH pravAcakAH pravacanasya Agamasya / " pR0 490 / ' ____ isI niyukti gAthA ko bhASyagAthAoM kI svopajJa TIkA meM jinabhadra ne bhI likhA hai "yathA arhannarthasya vakteti pUjyastathA gaNadharAH gautamAdayaH sUtrasya vaktAra iti pUjyante maGgalatvAcca / " prastuta meM gautamAdi kA spaSTa ullekha hone se 'zvetAmbaroM meM sAdhAraNa rUpa se gaNadharoM kA ullekha hai kintu khAsa nAma nahIM milatA'-yaha paNDitajI kA kathana nirmUla siddha hotA hai / 1. yaha pustaka paNDitajI ne dekhI hai ataeva isakA avataraNa yahA~ diyA hai|

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( 53 ) yahA~ yaha bhI batA denA jarUrI hai ki paNDitajI ne apanI pIThikA meM jina " tava niyamanANa" ityAdi niyukti kI do gAthAoM ko vizeSAvazyaka se uddhRta kiyA hai ( pIThikA pR0 530 kI TippaNI ] unakI TIkA to paNDitajI ne avazya hI dekhI hogI -- usameM AcArya hemacandra spaSTarUpa se likhate haiM "tena vimalabuddhimayena paTena gaNadharA gautamAdayo" - vizeSA0 TIkA0 gA0 1095, pR0 502 / aisA hote hue bhI paNDitajI ko zvetAmbaroM meM ke sUtra racayitA ke rUpa meM khAsa gaNadhara ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM milA - yaha eka Azcaryajanaka ghaTanA hI hai / aura yadi paNDitajI kA matalaba yaha ho ki kisI khAsa = eka hI vyakti kA nAma nahIM milatA to yaha batA denA jarUrI hai ki tAmra aura digambara donoM ke mata se jaba sabhI gaNadhara pravacana kI racanA karate haiM to kisI eka hI kA nAma to mila hI nahIM sktaa| aisI paristhiti meM isake AdhAra para paNDitajI ne zrutAvatAra kI paramparA meM donoM sampradAyoM ke bheda ko mAnakara jo kalpanAjAla khar3A kiyA hai vaha nirarthaka hai / paM0 kailAzacandrajI mAnate haiM ki zvetAmbara - vAcanAgata aMgajJAna sArvajanika he " kintu digambara- paramparA meM aMgajJAna kA uttarAdhikAra guru-ziSya paramparA ke rUpa meM hI pravAhita hotA huA mAnA gayA hai / usake anusAra aMgajJAna ne kabhI bhI sArvajanika rUpa nahIM liyA / " - pIThikA pR0 543 / yahA~ paNDitajI kA tAtparya ThIka samajha meM nahIM AtA / guru apane eka hI ziSya ko par3hAtA thA aura vaha phira guru banakara apane ziSya ko isa prakAra kI paramparA digambaroM meM calI hai-- kyA paNDitajI kA yaha abhiprAya hai ? yadi guru aneka ziSyoM ko par3hAtA hogA taba to aMgajJAna zvetAmbaroM kI taraha sArvajanika ho jAyagA / aura yadi yaha abhiprAya hai ki eka hI ziSya ko, taba zAstravirodha paNDitajI ke dhyAna ke dhavalA meM paripATI aura W " bAhara gayA hai - yaha kahanA par3atA hai / SaTkhaNDAgama kI aparipATI se sakala zruta ke pAragAmI kA ullekha hai / usameM aparipATI se - 'aparivADie puNa sayalasudapAragA saMkhejjasahassA " ( dhavalA pR0 65) kA ullekha hai-- isakA spaSTIkaraNa paNDitajI kyA kareMge ? hameM to yaha samajha meM AtA hai ki yugapradhAna yA vaMzaparamparA meM jo kramaza: AcArya - gaNadhara hue arthAt gaNa ke mukhiyA hue unakA ullekha paripATIkrama meM samajhanA cAhie aura gaNa ke mukhya AcArya ke alAvA jo zrutadhara the ve paripATIkrama se sambaddha na hone se aparipATI meM gine gaye / vaise aparipATI meM sahasroM kI saMkhyA meM sakala zrutadhara the / to yaha aMgata zvetAmbaroM kI taraha digambaroM meM bhI sArvajanika thA hI yaha mAnanA par3atA hai / yahA~ yaha bhI spaSTa kara denA jarUrI hai ki jayaghavalA meM yaha spaSTa

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likhA hai ki sudharmA ne kevala eka jambU ko hI nahIM kintu apane aneka ziSyoM ko aMgoM kI vAcanA dI thI-"tadivase ceva suhammAiriyo jaMbasAmiyAdINamaNeyANamAiriyANaM vakkhANidaduvAlasaMgo ghAicaukkakkhayeNa kevalI jAdo / " -jayadhavalA pR0 84 / yahA~ spaSTa rUpa se jambU ne apane ziSya aise eka nahIM kintu aneka AcAryoM ko dvAdazAMga par3hAyA hai-aisA ullekha hai| isa para se kyA hama klpanA nahIM kara sakate ki saMgha meM zrutadharoM kI saMkhyA bahuta bar3I hotI thI ? aisI sthiti meM zvetAmbara-digambaroM meM jisa viSaya meM kabhI bheda rahA nahIM usa viSaya meM bheda kI kalpanA karanA ucita nahIM hai| prAcIna paramparA ke anusAra zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM meM yahI mAnyatA phalita hotI hai ki sabhI gaNadhara sUtraracanA karate the aura apane aneka ziSyoM ko usakI vAcanA dete the| eka bAta aura yaha bhI hai ki aMgajJAna sArvajanika ho gayA zvetAmbaroM meM aura digambaroM meM nahIM huAisase paMDitajI kA vizeSa tAtparya kyA yaha hai ki kevala digambara paramparA meM hI guru-ziSya paramparA se hI aMgajJAna pravAhita huA aura zvetAmbaroM meM nahIM ? yadi aisA hI unakA mantavya hai jaisA ki unake Age uddhRta avataraNa se spaSTa hai to yaha bhI unakA kahanA ucita nahIM jNctaa| hamane AcArya jinabhadra ke avataraNoM se yaha spaSTa kiyA hI hai ki unake samaya taka yahI paramparA thI ki ziSya ko gurumukha se hI aura vaha bhI unakI anumati se hI, corI se nahIM, zruta kA pATha lenA jarUrI thA aura yahI paramparA vizeSAvazyaka ke TIkAkAra hemacandra ne bhI mAnI hai| itanA hI nahIM Aja bhI yaha paramparA zvetAmbaroM meM pracalita hai ki yogapUrvaka, tapasyApUrvaka gurumukha se hI zrutapATha ziSya ko lenA cAhie / aisA hone para hI vaha usakA pAThI kahA jaaygaa| aisI sthiti meM zvetAmbara-paramparA meM vaha sArvajanika ho gayA aura digambara-paramparA meM guruziSya paramparA taka sImita rahApaMDitajI kA yaha kahanA kahA~ taka saMgata hai ? sArvajanika se tAtparya yaha ho ki kaI sAdhuoM ne mila kara aMga kI vAcanA nizcita kI ataeva zvetAmbaroM meM vaha vyaktigata na rahA aura sArvajanika ho gyaa| isa prakAra sArvajanika ho jAne se hI digambaroM ne aMgazAstra ko mAnyatA na dI ho yaha bAta hamArI samajha se to pare hai / koI eka vyakti kahe vahI satya aura aneka milakara unakI sacAI kI mohara deM to vaha satya nahIM-aisA mAnane vAlA usa kAla kA digambara sampradAya hogA-aisA mAnane ko hamArA mana to taiyAra nhiiN| isake samarthana meM koI ullekha bhI nahIM hai| Aja digambara samAja jisa kisI kAraNa se zvetAmbara sammata AgamoM ko na mAnatA ho usakI khoja karanA

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( 55 ) jarUrI hai kintu usakA kAraNa yaha to nahIM ho sakatA ki cUMki aMga sArvajanika ho gaye the, ataeva ve digambara samAja meM mAnya nahIM rahe / ataeva paMDitajI kA yaha likhanA ki "usane isa viSaya meM jana-jana kI smRti ko pramANa nahIM mAnA" nirAdhAra hai, korI kalpanA hai| Akhira jinake lie paMDitajI ne jana-jana zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai ve kauna the? kyA unhoMne apane guruoM se aMgajJAna liyA hI nahIM thA ? apanI kalpanA se hI aMgoM kA saMkalana kara diyA thA ? hamArA to vizvAsa hai ki jinako paMDitajI ne 'jana-jana' kahA hai ve kisI AcArya ke ziSya hI the aura unhoMne apane AcArya se sIkhA huA zrata hI vahA~ upasthita kiyA thA / isIlie to kahA gayA hai ki jisako jitanA yAda thA usane utanA vahA~ upasthita kiyA /

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prakaraNa aMga zrAgama 1 jaina zruta jaina zramaNa va zAstralekhana acelaka paramparA va zrutasAhitya zrutajJAna akSarazruta va anakSarazruta samyakazruta va mithyA zruta sAdika, anAdika, saparyavasita va aparyavasita zruta afe - agamika, aMgapraviSTa - anaMgapraviSTa va kAlika - utkAlika zruta

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prathama prakaraNa jaina zruta mahAn lipizAstrI zrI ojhAjI kA nizcita mata hai ki tAr3apatra, bhojapatra, kAgaja, syAhI, lekhanI Adi kA paricaya hamAre pUrvajoM ko prAcIna samaya se hI thA / aisA hote hue bhI kisI bhAratIya athavA eziyAI dharma-paramparA ke mUlabhUta dharmazAstra adhikAMzatayA racanA ke samaya hI tAr3apatra athavA kAgaja para lipibaddha hue hoM, aisA pratIta nahIM hotaa| __ Aja se pacIsa sau varSa athavA isase dugune samaya pahale ke jijJAsu apane-apane dharmazAstroM ko Adara va vinayapUrvaka apane-apane guruoM dvArA prApta kara sakate the / ve isa prakAra se prApta honevAle zAstroM ko kaMThAna karate tathA kaMThAgra pAThoM ko bAra-bAra smaraNa kara yAda rakhate / dharmavANI ke zuddha uccAraNa surakSita raheM, isakA ve pUrA dhyAna rkhte| kahIM kAnA, mAtrA, anusvAra, visarga Adi nirarthakarUpa se praviSTa na ho jAyeM athavA nikala jAya~, isakI bhI ve pUrI sAvadhAnI rakhate / avestA evaM vedoM ke vizuddha uccAraNoM kI surakSA kA Avestika paMDitoM evaM vaidika purohitoM ne pUrA dhyAna rakhA hai / isakA samarthana vartamAna meM pracalita avestA gAthAoM evaM veda-pAThoM kI uccAraNa-prakriyA se hotA hai / jaina paramparA meM bhI Avazyaka kriyAkANDa ke sUtroM kI akSarasaMkhyA, padasaMkhyA, laghu evaM guru akSarasaMkhyA Adi kA khAsa vidhAna hai| sUtra kA kisa prakAra uccAraNa karanA, uccAraNa karate samaya kina-kina doSoM se dUra rahanAityAdi kA anuyogadvAra Adi meM spaSTa vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / isase pratIta hotA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM jaina paramparA meM bhI uccAraNa viSayaka kitanI sAvadhAnI rakhI jAtI thii| vartamAna meM bhI vidhijJa isI prakAra paramparA ke anusAra sUtroccAraNa karate haiM evaM yati Adi kA pAlana karate haiN| isa prakAra vizuddha rIti se saMcita zrutasampatti ko guru apane ziSyoM ko sauMpate tathA ziSya punaH apanI paramparA ke praziSyoM ko sauMpate / isa taraha zruta ko paramparA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa taka nirantara pravAha ke rUpa meM calatI rhii|

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa mahAvIra-nirvANa ke lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa bAda arthAt vikrama kI cauthIpAMcavIM zatAbdI meM jaba valabhI meM AgamoM ko pustakArUr3ha kiyA gayA taba se kaMThAgra-prathA dhIre-dhIre kama hone lagI aura aba to yaha bilakula maMda ho gaI hai| jisa samaya kaMThAgrapUrvaka zAstroM ko smaraNa rakhane kI prathA cAlU thI usa samaya isa kArya ko suvyavasthita evaM avisaMvAdI rUpa se sampanna karane ke lie eka viziSTa evaM AdaraNIya varga vidyamAna thA jo upAdhyAya ke rUpa meM pahacAnA jAtA thaa| jaina paramparA meM arihaMta Adi pA~ca parameSThI mAne jAte haiN| unameM isa varga kA caturtha sthAna hai / isa prakAra saMgha meM isa varga kI vizeSa pratiSThA hai| dharmazAstra prArambha meM likhe gaye na the apitu kaMThAna the evaM smRti dvArA surakSita rakhe jAte the, isa tathya ko pramANita karane ke lie zAstroM ke lie vartamAna meM prayukta zruti, smRti evaM zruta zabda paryApta hai| vidvajjagat jAnatA hai ki brAhmaNa paramparA ke mukhya prAcIna zAstroM kA nAma zruti hai evaM tadanuvartI bAda ke zAstroM kA nAma smRti hai| zruti evaM smRti-ye donoM zabda rUr3ha nahIM apitu yaugika hai tathA sarvathA anvarthaka haiM / jaina paramparA ke mukhya prAcIna zAstroM kA nAma zruta hai| zruti evaM smRti kI ho bhA~ti zruta zabda bhI yaugika hai| ataH ina nAmoM vAle zAstra suna-suna kara surakSita rakhe gaye haiM, aisA spaSTatayA phalita hotA hai| AcArAMga Adi sUtra 'suyaM me' Adi vAkyoM se zurU hote haiM / isakA artha yahI hai ki zAstra sune hue haiM evaM sunate-sunate calate Aye haiM / prAcIna jaina AcAryoM ne jo zrutajJAna kA svarUpa batAyA hai evaM usake vibhAga kiye haiM usake mUla meM bhI yaha 'suyaM' zabda rahA huA hai, aisA mAnane meM koI harja nahIM hai| vaidika paramparA meM vedoM ke sivAya anya kisI bhI grantha ke lie zrati zabda kA prayoga nahIM huA hai jabaki jaina paramparA meM samasta zAstroM ke lie, phira cAhe ve prAcIna hoM athavA arvAcIna, zruta zabda kA prayoga pracalita hai| isa prakAra zruta zabda mUlataH yaugika hote hue bhI aba rUr3ha ho gayA hai / jaisA ki pahale kahA gayA hai, hajAroM varSa pUrva bhI dharmopadezakoM ko lipiyoM tathA lekhana-sAdhanoM kA jJAna thA / ve lekhana-kalA meM nipuNa bhI the| aisA hote hue bhI jo jaina dharmazAstroM ko suvyavasthita rakhane kI vyavasthA karane vAle the arthAt jaina zAstroM meM kAnA-mAtrA jitanA bhI parivartana na ho, isakA satata dhyAna rakhane bAle mahAnubhAva the unhoMne ina zAstroM ko suna-suna kara smaraNa rakhane kA mahAn mAnasika bhAra kyoM kara uThAyA hogA ?

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jena zruta 61 ati prAcIna kAla se calI Ane vAlI jaina zramaNoM kI caryA, sAdhanA evaM paristhiti kA vicAra karane para isa prazna kA samAdhAna svataH ho jAtA hai / jaina zramaNa va zAstralekhana : jaina muniyoM kI mana, vacana va kAyA se hiMsA na karane, na karavAne evaM karate hue kA anumodana na karane kI pratijJA hotI hai / prAcIna jaina muni isa pratijJA kA akSarazaH pAlana karane kA prayatna karate the / jise prApta karane meM hiMsA kI tanika bhI sambhAvanA rahatI aisI vastuoM ko ve svIkAra na karate the / AcArAMga Adi upalabdha sUtroM ko dekhane se unakI yaha caryA spaSTa mAlUma hotI hai / bhI unake lie 'doghatapassI' (dIrghatapasvI) zabda kA prayoga karate haiM / isa prakAra atyanta kaThora AcAra-paristhiti ke kAraNa ye zramaNa dharmarakSA ke nAma para bhI apanI caryA meM apavAda kI AkAMkSA rakhane vAle na the / yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne hiMsA evaM parigraha kI sambhAvanA vAlI lekhana pravRtti ko nahIM apanAyA / bauddha grantha yadyapi dharma pracAra unheM iSTa thA kintu vaha kevala AcaraNa evaM upadeza dvArA ho / hiMsA evaM parigraha kI sambhAvanA ke kAraNa vyaktigata nirvANa ke abhilASI ina niHspRha mumukSuoM ne zAstra - lekhana kI pravRtti kI upekSA kii| unakI isa ahiMsA -parAyaNatA kA pratibimba bRhatkalpa nAmaka cheda sUtra meM spaSTatayA pratibimbita hai / usameM spaSTa vidhAna hai ki pustaka pAsa meM rakhanevAlA zramaNa prAyazcitta kA bhAgI hotA hai (bRhatkalpa, gA. 3821-3831, pR. 1054 - 1057) / ataH yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke isa ullekha se yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki kucha sAdhu pustakeM rakhate bhI hoMge / bAda hajAra varSa taka koI yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ahiMsA ke AcAra ko bhI Agamagrantha pustakarUpa meM likhA hI na gayA ho / hA~, ki pustaka lekhana kI pravRtti vidhAnarUpa se svIkRta na thI / rUr3harUpa se pAlane vAle pustakeM nahIM likhate kintu jinheM jJAna se vizeSa prema thA ve pustakeM avazya rakhate hoMge / aisA mAnane para hI aMga ke atirikta samagra vizAla sAhitya kI racanA sambhava ho sakatI hai / bRhatkalpa meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki pustaka pAsa meM rakhane vAle zramaNa meM pramAda- doSa utpanna hotA hai / pustaka pAsa meM rahane se dharmaM-vacanoM ke svAdhyAya kA Avazyaka kArya Tala jAtA hai / dharma vacanoM ko kaMThastha rakha kara unakA bArabAra smaraNa karanA svAdhyAyarUpa Antarika tapa hai / pustakeM pAsa rahane se yaha tapa manda hone lagatA hai tathA gurumukha se prApta sUtrapAThoM ko udAtta anudAtta Adi mUla uccAraNoM meM surakSita rakhane kA zrama bhArarUpa pratIta hone lagatA hai / pariNAmataH sUtrapAThoM ke mUla uccAraNoM meM parivartana honA prArambha ho jAtA hai / isakA

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62 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki sUtroM ke mUla uccAraNa yathAvat nahIM raha pAte / uparyukta tathyoM ko dekhane se bahuta-kucha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki pahale se hI arthAt bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya se hI dharmapustakoM ke lekhana kI pravRtti vizeSa rUpa meM kyoM nahIM rahI tathA mahAvIra ke hajAra varSa bAda AgamoM ko pustakArUr3ha karane kA vyavasthita prayatna kyoM karanA par3A ? mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda zramaNasaMgha ke AcAra meM zithilatA Ane lgii| usake vibhinna sampradAya hone lage / acelaka evaM sacelaka paramparA prArambha huii| vanavAsa kama hone lgaa| loka samparka bar3hane lgaa| zramaNa caityavAsI bhI hone lge| caityavAsa ke sAtha unameM parigraha bhI praviSTa huaa| aisA hote hue bhI dharmazAstra ke paThana-pAThana kI paramparA pUrvavat cAlU thii| bIca meM duSkAla pdd'e| isase dharmazAstra kaMThAgra rakhanA vizeSa duSkara hone lgaa| kucha dharmazruta naSTa huA athavA usake jJAtA na rahe / jo dharmazruta ko surakSita rakhane kI bhaktirUpa vRttivAle the unhoMne use pustakabaddha kara saMcita rakhane kI pravRtti Avazyaka smjhii| isa samaya zramaNoM ne jIvanacaryA meM aneka apavAda svIkAra kiye ataH unheM isa likhanelikhAne kI pravRtti kA apavAda bhI Avazyaka pratIta huaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa vAda devardhigaNi kSamAzramaNa pramukha sthaviroM ne zruta ko jaba pustakabaddha kara vyavasthita karane kA prayatna kiyA taba vaha aMzataH lupta ho cukA thaa| acelaka paramparA va zrutasAhitya : sampUrNa aparigraha-vrata ko svIkAra karate hue bhI kevala lajjA-nivAraNArtha jIrNa-zIrNa vastra ko ApavAdika rUpa se svIkAra karane vAlI sacelaka paramparA ke agragaNya devadhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne kSINa hote hue zrutasAhitya ko surakSita rakhane ke lie jisa prakAra pustakArUr3ha karane kA prayatna kiyA usI prakAra sarvathA acelaka arthAt zarIra evaM poMchI va kamaMDala ke atirikta anya samasta bAhya parigraha ko cAritra kI virAdhanA samajhane vAle muniyoM ne bhI SaTkhaNDAgama Adi sAhitya ko surakSita rakhane ke lie prayatna prArambha kiyaa| kahA jAtA hai ki AcArya dharasena' 1. vedasAhitya vizeSa prAcIna hai / tadviSayaka likhane-likhAne kI pravRtti kA bhI purohitoM ne pUrA dhyAna rakhA hai| aisA hote hue bhI vedoM ko zlokasaMkhyA jitanI prAcInakAla meM thI utanI vartamAna meM bhI nahIM hai| 2. bRhaTippanikA meM 'yoniprAbhRtam vIrAt 600 dhArasenam' isa prakAra kA ullekha hai| ye donoM dharasena eka hI hai athavA bhinna-bhinna, etadviSayaka koI vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai|

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3 jaina zruta soraTha ( saurASTra ] pradeza meM sthita giranAra kI candraguphA meM rahate the| ve aSTAMgamahAnimitta zAstra meM pAraMgata the| unheM aisA mAlUma ho gayA ki aba zrutasAhitya kA viccheda ho jAegA aisA bhayaMkara samaya A gayA hai| yaha jAnakara bhayabhIta hue pravacanapremI gharasena ne dakSiNa pradeza meM vicarane vAle mahimA nagarI meM ekatrita AcAryoM ko eka patra likha bhejA / patra par3hakara AcAryoM ne AMdhra pradeza ke bennAtaTa nagara ke vizeSa buddhisampanna do ziSyoM ko AcArya dharasena ke pAsa bheja diyaa| Aye hue ziSyoM kI parIkSA karane ke bAda unheM dharasena ne apanI vidyA arthAt zrutasAhitya par3hAnA prArambha kiyaa| par3hate-par3hate ASAr3ha zuklA ekAdazI kA divasa A phuNcaa| isa dina ThIka dopahara meM unakA adhyayana pUrNa huaa| AcArya donoM ziSyoM para bahuta prasanna hue evaM unameM se eka kA nAma bhUtabalI va dUsare kA nAma puSpadanta rkhaa| isake bAda donoM ziSyoM ko vApasa bhejaa| unhoMne soraTha se vApasa jAte hue ( aMkulezvara yA aMkalezvara ) nAmaka grAma meM cAturmAsa kiyA / tadanantara AcArya puSpadanta vanavAsa ke lie gaye evaM AcArya bhUtabalI dramila ( dravir3a ) meM gaye / AcArya puSpadanta ne jinapAlita nAmaka ziSya ko dIkSA dii| phira bIsa sUtroM kI racanA kI evaM jinapAlita ko par3hAkara use dravir3a deza meM AcArya bhUtabalI ke pAsa bhejaa| bhUtabalI ne yaha jAnakara ki AcArya puSpadanta alpa Ayu vAle haiM tathA mahAkarmaprakRtiprAbhRta sambandhI jo kucha zrutasAhitya hai vaha unakI mRtyu ke bAda nahIM raha sakegA, dravyapramANAnuyoga ko prArambha meM rakhakara SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA kii| isa khaMDasiddhAntazruta ke kartA ke rUpa meM AcArya bhUtabalI tathA puSpadanta donoM mAne jAte haiM / isa kathAnaka meM soraTha pradeza kA ullekha AtA hai| zrI devardhigaNi kI graMthalekhana-pravRtti kA sambandha bhI soraTha pradeza kI hI valabhI nagarI ke sAtha hai / . jaba vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI meM AcArya abhayadeva ne aMgagranthoM para vRttiyA~ likhI taba kucha zramaNa unake isa kArya se asahamata the, yaha abhayadeva ke prabandha meM spaSTatayA ullikhita hai| ise dekhate hue yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki jaba granthalekhana kI pravRtti prArambha huI hogI taba tatkAlIna samasta jaina paramparA kI isa kArya meM sahamati rahI hogii| phira bhI jinhoMne apavAda-mArga kA avalambana lekara bhI granthalekhana dvArA dharmavacanoM ko surakSita rakhane kA pavitratama kArya kiyA hai unakA hamapara-vizeSakara saMzodhakoM para mahAn upakAra hai / zrutajJAna : .. jaina paramparA meM pracalita 'zruta' zabda kevala jaina zAstroM ke lie hI rUr3ha nahIM 1. SaTkhaNDAgama, prathama bhAga, pR0 67-71.

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64 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa hai / zAstroM ke atirikta 'zruta' zabda meM lipiyA~ bhI samAviSTa haiM / 'zruta' ke jitane bhI kAraNa arthAt nimittakAraNa haiM, ve saba 'zruta' meM samAviSTa hote haiM / jJAnarUpa koI bhI vicAra bhAvazruta kahalAtA hai / yaha kevala AtmaguNa hone ke kAraNa sadA amUrtta hotA hai / vicAra ko prakAzita karane kA nimitta kAraNa zabda hai ataH vaha bhI nimitta - naimittika ke kathaMcit abheda kI apekSA se 'zruta' kahalAtA hai / zabda mUrtta hotA hai / use jaina paribhASA meM 'dravyazruta' kahate haiM / zabda kI hI bhA~ti bhAvata ko surakSita evaM sthAyI rakhane ke jo bhI nimitta arthAt kAraNa haiM ve sabhI 'dravyazruta' kahalAte haiM / inameM samasta lipiyoM kA samAveza hotA hai / inake atirikta kAgaja, syAhI, lekhanI Adi bhI paramparA kI apekSA se 'zruta' kahe jA sakate haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki jJAnapaMcamI athavA zrutapaMcamI ke dina saba jaina sAmUhika rUpa se ekatra hokara ina sAdhanoM kA tathA samasta prakAra kI jaina pustakoM kA vizAla pradarzana karate haiM evaM utsava manAne haiM / deva pratimA ke samAna inake pAsa ghRta- dIpaka jalAte haiM evaM vaMdana, namana, pUjana Adi karate haiM / pratyeka zabda, cAhe vaha kisI bhI prakAra kA ho- vyakta ho athavA avyakta - 'dravya zruta' meM samAviSTa hotA hai / pratyeka bhAvasUcaka saMketa - jaise chIMka, khaMkhAra Adi kA bhI vyakta zabda ke hI samAna dravyazruta meM samAveza hotA hai / dravyazruta evaM bhAvazruta ke viSaya meM AcArya devavAcaka ne svacarita nandisUtra meM vistRta evaM spaSTa carcA kI hai / nandisUtrakAra ne jJAna ke pA~ca prakAra batAye haiM: matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaH paryAyajJAna evaM kevalajJAna / jaina paramparA meM 'pratyakSa' zabda ke do artha svIkRta haiM / pahalA akSa arthAt AtmA / jo jJAna sIdhA AtmA dvArA hI ho, jisameM indriyoM athavA mana kI sahAyatA kI AvazyakatA na ho vaha jJAna pAramArthika pratyakSa kahalAtA hai / dUsarA akSa arthAt indriyA~ evaM mana / jo jJAna indriyoM evaM mana kI sahAyatA se utpanna ho vaha vyAvahArika pratyakSa kahalAtA hai / ukta pA~ca jJAnoM meM avadhi, manaHparyAya evaM kevala ye tIna pAramArthika pratyakSa haiM evaM mati vyAvahArika pratyakSa hai / zrI bhadrabAhuviracita Avazyaka niyukti, jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNaracita vizeSAvazyakabhASya, zrIharibhadraviracita Avazyaka - vRtti Adi granthoM meM paMcajJAna viSayaka vistRta carcA kI gaI hai / ise dekhate hue jJAna athavA pramANa ke svarUpa, prakAra Adi kI carcA prArambha meM kitanI saMkSipta thI tathA ghore-dhIre kitanI vistRta hotI gaI, isakA spaSTa patA laga jAtA hai / jyoM-jyoM tarkadRSTi kA vikAsa hotA gayA tyoM-tyoM isa carcA kA bhI vistAra hotA gayA / yahA~ isa lambI carcA ke lie avakAza nahIM hai / kevala zrutajJAnakA paricaya dene ke lie tatsambaddha prAsaMgika viSayoM kA sparza karate hue Age bar3hA jAegA /

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jaina zruta 65 indriyoM tathA mana dvArA hone vAle bodha ko matijJAna kahate haiN| ise anya dArzanika 'pratyakSa' kahate haiN| jabaki jaina paramparA meM ise 'vyAvahArika pratyakSa' kahA jAtA hai / indriya-mana-nirapekSa evaM sIdhA AtmA dvArA na hone ke kAraNa matijJAna vastutaH parokSa hI hai / dUsarA zrutajJAna hai| jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, zrutajJAna ke mukhya do bheda haiM : dravyazruta aura bhAvazruta / bhAvazruta AtmopayogarUpa arthAt cetanArUpa hotA hai| dravyazruta bhAvazruta kI utpatti meM nimittarUpa va janakarUpa hotA hai evaM bhAvazruta se janya bhI hotA hai| yaha bhASArUpa evaM lipirUpa hai| kAgaja, syAhI, lekhanI, dAvAta, pustaka ityAdi samasta zrutasAdhana dravyazruta ke hI antargata haiN| zrutajJAna ke paraspara virodhI sAta yugma kahe gaye haiM arthAt devavAcaka ne zrutajJAna ke saba milAkara caudaha bheda batAe haiN| ina caudaha bhedoM meM saba prakAra kA zrutajJAna samAviSTa ho jAtA hai / yahA~ nimnokta cha: yugmoM kI carcA vivakSita hai : 1. akSarazruta va anakSarazruta, 2. samyakzruta va mithyAzruta, 3. sAdikazruta va anAdikata, 4. saparyavasita arthAt sAntazruta va aparyavasita arthAt anantazruta, 5. gamikazruta va agamikazruta, 6. aMgapraviSTazruta va anaMgapraviSTa arthAt aMgabAhyazru ta / akSarazruta va anakSarazruta : isa yugma meM prayukta 'akSara' zabda bhinna-bhinna apekSA se bhinna artha kA bodha karAtA hai| akSarazruta bhAvarUpa hai arthAt AtmaguNarUpa hai / use prakaTa karane meM tathA usakI vRddhi evaM vikAsa karane meM jo akSara arthAt dhvaniyA~, svara athavA vyaJjana nimittarUpa hote haiM unake lie 'akSara' zabda kA prayoga hotA hai / dhvaniyoM ke saMketa bhI 'akSara' kahalAte haiN| saMkSepa meM akSara kA artha hai-akSarAtmaka dhvaniyA~ tathA unake samasta saMketa / dhvaniyoM meM samasta svara-vyaJjana samAviSTa hote haiM / saMketoM meM samasta akSararUpa lipiyoM kA samAveza hotA hai / ___ Aja ke isa vijJAnayuga meM bhI amuka deza athavA amuka loga apanI abhISTa amuka prakAra kI lipiyoM athavA amuka prakAra ke saMketoM ko hI vizeSa pratiSThA pradAna karate haiM tathA amuka prakAra kI lipiyoM va saMketoM ko koI mahattva nahIM dete, jaba ki Aja se hajAroM varSa pahale jainAcAryoM ne zruta ke eka bheda akSarazruta meM samasta prakAra kI lipiyoM evaM akSara-saMketoM ko samAviSTa kiyA thA / prAcIna jaina paramparA meM bhASA, lipi athavA saMketoM ko kevala vicAra-prakAzana ke vAhana ke rUpa

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66 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa meM hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / unheM IzvarIya samajha kara kisI prakAra kI vizeSa pUjA-pratiSThA nahIM dI gaI hai / itanA hI nahIM, jaina Agama to yahA~ taka kahate haiN| ki citra-vicitra bhASAe~, lipiyA~ athavA saMketa manuSya ko vAsanA ke garta meM girane se nahIM bacA sakate / vAsanA ke garta meM girane se bacAne ke asAdhAraNa sAdhana vivekayukta sadAcaraNa, saMyama, zIla, tapa ityAdi haiM / jaina paramparA evaM jaina zAstroM meM prArambha se hI yaha ghoSaNA calI AtI hai ki kisI bhI bhASA, lipi athavA saMketa dvArA citta meM jar3a jamAye hue rAga-dveSAdika kI pariNati ko kama karanevAlI vivekayukta vicAradhArA hI pratiSThAyogya hai / isa prakAra kI mAnyatA meM hI ahiMsA kI sthApanA va AcaraNa nihita hai / vyAvahArika dRSTi se bhI isI meM mAnavajAti kA kalyANa hai / isake abhAva meM viSamatA, vargavigraha va klezavardhana kI hI sambhAvanA rahatI hai / jisa prakAra akSarazruta meM vividha bhASAe~, vividha lipiyA~ evaM vividha saMketa samAviSTa haiM usI prakAra anakSarazruta meM zrUyamANa avyakta dhvaniyoM tathA dRzyamAna zArIrika ceSTAoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra kI dhvaniyA~ evaM ceSTAe~ bhI amuka prakAra ke botra kA nimitta banatI haiM / yaha pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki bodha ke samasta nimitta, zruta meM samAviSTa haiM / isa prakAra karAha, cItkAra, niHzvAsa, khaMkhAra, khAMsI, chIMka Adi bodha-nimitta saMketa anakSarazruta meM samaviSTa haiM / rogI kI karAha usakI vyathA kI jJApaka hotI hai / cItkAra vyathA athavA viyoga kI jJApaka ho sakatI hai / niHzvAsa duHkha evaM viraha kA sUcaka hai / chIMka kisI viziSTa saMketa kI sUcaka ho sakatI hai / nindA athavA tiraskAra kI bhAvanA prakaTa kara sakatI hai athavA kA saMketa kara sakatI hai / isI prakAra A~kha ke prakaTa karate haiM / thUkane kI ceSTA kisI anya tathya izAre bhI vibhinna ceSTAoM ko eka puruSa apanI paricita eka strI ke ghara meM thI / use dekha kara strI ne gAlI dete hue jora se lagAyA / kapar3e para bhare hue maile hAtha kI pA~coM uMgaliyA uTha kA puruSa ne yaha artha nikAlA ki kRSNapakSa kI paMcamI ke puruSa kA nikAlA huA yaha artha Thoka thA / usa strI ne lie dhappA lagAyA thA / ghusaa| ghara meM strI kI sAsa usakI pITha para eka dhappA AI / isa saMketa isa prakAra avyakta dhvaniyA~ evaM viziSTa prakAra kI ceSTAe~ bhI amuka prakAra ke bodha kA nimitta banatI haiM / jo loga ina dhvaniyoM evaM ceSTAoM kA rahasya samajhate haiM unheM inase amuka prakAra kA nizcita bodha hotA hai / dina phira AnA / isI artha ke saMketa ke

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67 jaina zruta matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna ke sarvasammata sArvatrika sAhacarya ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yaha kahanA upayukta pratIta hotA hai ki sAMketika bhASA ke atirikta sAMketika ceSTAe~ bhI zrutajJAna meM samAviSTa haiM / aisA hote hue bhI isa viSaya meM bhASyakAra jina bhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM vRttikAra AcArya haribhadra ne AvazyakavRtti meM tathA AcArya malayagiri ne nandivRtti meM jo mata vyakta kiyA hai usakA yahA~ nirdeza karanA Avazyaka hai / " ukta tInoM AcArya likhate haiM ki azrUyamANa zArIrika ceSTAoM ko anakSarazruta meM samAviSTa na karane kI rUr3ha paramparA hai / tadanusAra jo sunane yogya hai vahI zruta hai, anya nahIM / jo ceSTAe~ sunAI na detI hoM unheM zrutarUpa nahIM samajhanA cAhie / " yahA~ 'zruta' zabda ko rUr3ha na mAnate hue yaugika mAnA gayA hai / acelaka paramparA ke tattvArtha rAjavArtika nAmaka grantha meM batAyA gayA hai ki 'zrutazabdo'yaM rUDhizabdaH iti sarvamatipUrvasya zrutatva siddhirbhavati' arthAt 'zruta' zabda rUr3ha hai | zrutajJAna meM kisI bhI prakAra kA mavijJAna kAraNa ho sakatA hai / isa vyAkhyA ke anusAra zrUyamANa evaM dRzyamAna donoM prakAra ke saMketoM dvArA hone vAlA jJAna zrutajJAna kI koTi meM AtA hai / merI dRSTi se zruta' zabda kA - dRzyamAna donoM prakAra ke saMketoM va koI Apatti nahI honI cAhie / vyApaka artha meM prayoga karate hue zrUyamANa va ceSTAoM ko zrutajJAna meM samAviSTa karane meM isa prakAra akSarazruta va anakSarazruta ina do avAntara bhedoM ke sAtha zrutajJAna kA vyApaka vicAra jaina paramparA meM ati prAcIna samaya se hotA AyA hai / * isakA ullekha jJAna ke svarUpa kA vicAra karane vAle samasta jaina granthoM meM Aja bhI upalabdha hai / - samyak zruta va mithyAzruta : Upara batAyA gayA hai ki bhASAsApekSa, avyaktadhvanisApekSa tathA saMketasApekSa - samastajJAna zruta kI koTi meM AtA hai / isameM jhUThA jJAna, caurya ko sikhAne vAlA jJAna, anAcAra kA poSaka jJAna ityAdi muktivirodhI evaM AtmavikAsabAdhaka jJAna bhI samAviSTa haiM / sAMsArika vyavahAra kI apekSA se bhale hI ye samasta jJAna 'zruta' kahe jAe~ kintu jahA~ AdhyAtmika dRSTi kI mukhyatA ho evaM isI eka lakSya ko 1. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gA. 503, pR. 275; hAribhadrIya AvazyakavRtti, pR. 25, gAM. 20; malayagiri nandivRtti, pR. 189, sU. 39. 2. a. 1, sU.20, pR. 1.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa dRSTi meM rakhate hue samasta prakAra ke prayatna karane kI bAra-bAra preraNA dI gaI ho vahA~ kevala tamArgopayogI akSarazruta evaM anakSarazruta hI zrutajJAna ko koTi meM samAviSTa ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra ke mArga ke lie to jisa vaktA athavA zrotA kI dRSTi zamasampanna ho, saMvegasampanna ho, nirvedayukta ho, anukampA arthAt karuNAvRtti se paripUrNa ho evaM dehabhinna AtmA meM zraddhAzIla ho usI kA jJAna upayogI siddha hotA hai / isa tathya ko spaSTa rUpa se samajhAne ke lie nandisUtrakAra ne batalAyA hai ki zamAdiyukta vaktA athavA zrotA kA akSara-anakSararUpazruta hI samyakzruta hotA hai / zamAdirahita vaktA athavA zrotA kA vahI zruta mithyAzruta kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra ukta zruta ke punaH do vibhAga kiye gaye haiN| prastuta zruta-vicAraNA meM AtmavikAsopayogI zruta ko hI samyakzruta kahA gayA hai| yaha vicAraNA sampradAyanirapekSa hai / isI kA pariNAma hai ki tathAkathita jaina sampradAya ke na hote hae bhI aneka vyaktiyoM ke viSaya meM arhatva athavA siddhatva kA nirdeza jaina AgamoM meM milatA hai| jaina zAstroM ke dvitIya aMga sUyagaDa-sUtrakRtAMga ke tRtIya adhyayana ke caturtha uddezaka kI prathama cAra gAthAoM meM vaidika paramparA ke kucha prasiddha puruSoM ke nAma diye gaye haiM evaM unheM mahApuruSa kahA gayA hai / itanA hI nahIM, unhoMne siddhi prApta kI, yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai / ina gAthAoM meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki ve zIta jala kA upayoga karate arthAt ThaNDA pAnI pIte, snAna karate, ThaMDe pAnI meM khar3e raha kara sAdhanA bhI karate tathA bhojana meM bIja evaM harita arthAt harI-kaccI vanaspati bhI lete the / ina mahApuruSoM ke viSaya meM mUla gAthA meM Ane vAle 'tapta. tapodhana' zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue vRttikAra ne likhA hai ki ve tapodhana the arthAt paMcAgni tapa tapate the tathA kaMda, mala, phala, bIja evaM harita arthAt harI-kaccI vanaspati kA bhojanAdi meM upayoga karate the| isa varNana se spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki mUla gAthAoM meM nirdiSTa uparyukta mahApuruSa jaina sampradAya ke kriyAkANDa ke anusAra jIvana vyatIta nahIM karate the| phira bhI ve siddhi ko prApta hue the| yaha bAta Aheta pravacana meM svIkAra kI gaI hai / yaha tathya jaina pravacana kI vizAlatA evaM samyakazrata kI udAratApUrNa vyAkhyA ko svIkAra karane ke lie paryApta hai| jinakI dRSTi samyak hai arthAt zama, saMvega, nirveda, anukampA evaM Astikya se pariplAvita hai unakA zru ta bhI samyakca ta hai arthAt unakA samyagjJAnI honA svAbhAvika hai / aisI avasthA meM ve siddhi prApta kareM, isameM Azcarya kyA hai ? jaina pravacana meM jinheM anyaliMgasiddha kahA gayA hai ve isa prakAra ke mahApuruSa ho

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69 jaina zruta sakate haiM / jo jaina sampradAya ke veSa meM na hoM arthAt jinakA bAhya kriyAkANDa jaina sampradAya kA na ho phira bhI jo Antarika zuddhi ke prabhAva se siddhi - mukti ko prApta hue hoM ve anyaliMgasiddha kahalAte haiM / uparyukta gAthAoM meM anyaliMga se siddhi prApta karane vAloM ke jo nAma batAye haiM ve ye haiM : asita, devala, dvaipAyana, pArAzara, namIvidehI, rAmaputta, bAhuka tathA nArAyaNa / ye saba mahApuruSa vaidika paramparA ke mahAbhArata Adi granthoM meM suprasiddha haiM / ina gAthAoM meM 'ete puvvi mahApurisA AhitA iha saMmatA' isa prakAra ke nirdeza dvArA mUlasUtrakAra ne yaha batAyA hai ki ye saba prAcIna samaya ke prasiddha mahApuruSa haiM tathA inheM 'iha' arthAt Arhata pravacana meM siddharUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ 'iha' kA sAmAnya artha Arhata pravacana to hai hI kintu vRttikAra ne 'RSibhASitAdI' arthAt 'RSibhASita Adi granthoM meM isa prakAra kA vizeSa artha bhI batAyA hai / isase yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki RSibhASita grantha itanA adhika pramANapratiSThita hai ki isakA nirdeza vRttikAra ke kathanAnusAra svayaM mUlasUtrakAra ne bhI kiyA hai / nAma batAte hue / ' 'RSibhASita ke cauvAlIsa sUtrakRtAMga meM 'RSibhASita' nAma kA parokSa rUpa se ullekha hai kintu sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga meM to isakA spaSTa nirdeza hai / inameM usakI adhyayana - saMkhyA bhI batAI gaI hai / sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa ke dasa adhyayanoM ke 'RSibhASita' nAma kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA gayA hai adhyayana devaloka meM se manuSyaloka meM Aye hue jIvoM dvArA kahe gaye haiM' isa prakAra 'RSibhASita' nAma kA tathA usake cauvAlIsa adhyayanoM kA nirdeza samavAyAMga ke cauvAlIsaveM samavAya meM hai / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha grantha prAmANya kI dRSTi se vizeSa pratiSThita hone ke sAtha hI vizeSa prAcIna bhI hai / isa grantha para AcArya bhadrabAhu ne niyukti likhI jisase isakI pratiSThA va prAmANikatA meM vizeSa vRddhi hotI hai / sadbhAgya se RSibhASita grantha isa samaya upalabdha hai / yaha Agamodaya samiti dvArA prakAzita kiyA gayA hai / isameM jaina sampradAya ke na hone para bhI jaina paramparA dvArA mAnya aneka mahApuruSoM ke nAmoM kA unake vacanoM ke sAtha nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / jisa prakAra isa grantha meM bhagavAn vardhamAna mahAvIra evaM bhagavAn pArzva ke nAma kA ullekha 'arhat RSi' vizeSaNa ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai usI prakAra isameM yAjJavalkya, buddha, maMkhaliputta Adi ke nAmoM ke sAtha bhI 'arhat RSi' vizeSaNa 1. sthAna. 10, sUtra 755.

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70 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa lagAyA gayA hai / ' yahI kAraNa hai ki sUtrakRtAMga ko pUrvokta gAthAoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki ye mahApuruSa siddhiprApta haiM / RSibhASita meM jina arhadrUpa RSiyoM kA ullekha hai unameM se kucha ke nAma isa prakAra haiM : (1) asita devala, (2) aMgarisi-aMgirasa-bhAradvAja, (3) mahAkazyapa, (4) maMkhaliputta, (5) jaNNavakka-yAjJavalkya, (6) bAhuka, (7) madhurAyagamAthurAyaNa, (8) soriyAyaNa, (9) varisava kaNha, (10) AriyAyaNa, (11) gAthApatiputra taruNa, (12) rAmaputra, (13) harigiri, (14) mAtaMga, (15) vAyu, (16) piMga mAhaNaparivvAyaa-brAhmaNaparivrAjaka, (17) aruNa mahAsAla, (18) tArAyaNa, (19) sAtiputra-zAkyaputra buddha, (20) dIvAyaNa-dvaipAyana, (21) soma, (22) yama, (23) varuNa, (24) vaizramaNa / / inameM se asita, maMkhaliputta, jaNNavakka, bAhuka, mAtaMga, vAyu, sAtiputra buddha, soma, yama, varuNa, vaizramaNa va dIvAyaNa-ina nAmoM ke viSaya meM thor3A-bahuta varNana upalabdha hotA hai| asita, bAhuka, dvaipAyana, mAtaMga va vAyu ke nAma mahAbhArata Adi vaidika granthoM meM milate haiM tathA unameM inakA kucha vRttAnta bhI AtA hai / maMkhaliputta zramaNaparamparA ke itihAsa meM gozAlaka ke nAma se prasiddha hai / ise jaina AgamoM va bauddha piTakoM meM maMkhaliputta gosAla kahA gayA hai| jaNNavakka yAjJavalkya RSi kA nAma hai jo vizeSataH bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM prasiddha hai| sAtiputta buddha zAkyaputra gautama buddha kA nAma hai / prAcIna va arvAcIna aneka jaina granthoM meM maMkhaliputra gozAlaka kI khUba ha~sI ur3AI gaI hai| zAkyamuni buddha kA bhI paryApta parihAsa kiyA gayA hai|| inameM jainazruta ke atirikta anya samasta zAstroM ko mithyA kahA gayA hai / jinadeva ke atirikta anya samasta devoM ko kudeva tathA jainamuni ke atirikta anya samasta muniyoM ko kuguru kahA gayA hai| jabaki RSibhASita kA saMkalana karanevAloM ne jainasampradAya ke liMga tathA karmakANDa se rahita maMkhaliputra, buddha, yAjJavalkya Adi ko 'arhat' kahA hai tathA unake vacanoM kA saMkalana kiyA hai| yahI nahIM, isa grantha ko AgamakoTi kA mAnA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki jinakI dRSTi samyak hai unake kaise bhI sarala vacana samyakzrutarUpa haiM tathA jinakI dRSTi zama-saMvegAdi guNoM se rahita hai unake bhASA, kAvya, rasa va guNa kI dRSTi se zreSThatama vacana bhI mithyAzrutarUpa haiM / veda, mahAbhArata Adi granthoM ko mithyAzrutarUpa mAnane vAle AcAryoM 1. adhyayana 29 va 31 /

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jena zruta 71 ke gururUpa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jaba indrabhUti ( gautama ) Adi ke sAtha AtmA Adi ke sambandha meM carcA kI taba veda ke padoM kA artha kisa prakAra karanA cAhie, yaha unheM samajhAyA / veda mithyA haiM, aisA unhoMne nahIM kahA / yaha ghaTanA vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke gaNadharavAda nAmaka prakaraNa meM Aja bhI upalabdha hai / bhagavAn ko isa prakAra kI samajhAne kI zailI-samyagdRSTisampanna kA zruta samyakazruta hai va samyagdRSTihIna kA zruta mithyAzruta hai-isa tathya kA samarthana karatI hai / AcArya haribhadrasUri apane grantha yogadRSTisamuccaya meM likhate haiM : citrA tu dezanaiteSAM syAd vineyAnuguNyataH / yasmAt ete mahAtmAno bhavavyAdhibhiSagvarAH / / -zlo0 132 eteSAM sarvajJAnAM kapilasugatAdInAm, syAt bhavet, vineyAnuguNyataH tathAvidhaziSyAnuguNyena kAlAntarApApabhIrum adhikRtya upasarjanIkRtaparyAyA dravyapradhAnA nityadezanA, bhogAvasthAvatastu adhikRtya upasarjanIkRtadravyA paryAyapradhAnA anitydeshnaa| na tu te anvayavyatirekavadvastUvedino na bhavanti sarvajJatvAnupapatteH / evaM dezanA tu tathAguNadarzanena (tadguNadarzanena) adRSTaiva ityAha-yasmAt ete mahAtmAnaH sarvajJAH / kim ? ityAha-bhavavyAdhibhiSagvarAH saMsAravyAdhivaidyapradhAnAH / arthAt kapila, sugata Adi mahApuruSa samyagdRSTisampanna sarvajJapuruSa haiN| ye saba prapaMca-rogarUpa saMsAra kI viSama vyAdhi ke liye zreSTha vaidya ke samAna haiN| isI prakAra unhoMne eka jagaha yaha bhI likhA hai : seyaMbaro ya AsaMbaro ya buddho vA taha ya anno vA / samabhAvabhAviappA lahai mukkhaM na saMdeho / / arthAt cAhe koI zvetAmbara sampradAya kA ho, cAhe digambara sampradAya kA, cAhe koI bauddha sampradAya kA ho, cAhe kisI anya sampradAya kA kintu jisakI AtmA samabhAvabhAvita hai vaha avazya mukta hogA, isameM tanika bhI sandeha nahIM / upAdhyAya yazovijayajI tathA mahAtmA Anandaghana jaise sAdhaka puruSoM ne samyagdRSTi kI ukta vyAkhyA kA hI samarthana kiyA hai| Atmazuddhi kI dRSTi se samyakzruta kI yahI vyAkhyA vizeSa rUpa se ArAdhanA kI ora le jAnevAlI hai / naMdisUtrakAra ne yaha batAyA hai ki tIrthaMkaropadiSTa AcArAMgAdi bAraha aMga bhI samyagdaSTisampanna vyaktiyoM ke lie hI samyakazrutarUpa haiN| jo samyagdRSTi rahita haiM unake lie ve mithyAzrutarUpa haiN| sAtha hI unhoMne yaha bhI batAyA hai ki sAMgopAMga

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72 jaina sAhiya kA bRhad itihAsa cAra veda, kapila - darzana, mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa, vaizeSika-zAstra, , buddha vacana, vyAkaraNa-zAstra, nATaka sathA samasta kalAe~ arthAt bahattara kalAe~ mithyAdRSTi ke lie mithyAzruta evaM samyagdRSTi ke lie samyak zruta haiM / athavA samyagdRSTi kI prApti meM nimittarUpa hone ke kAraNa ye saba mithyAdRSTi ke liye bhI samyakbhuta haiM / sUtrakAra ke isa kathana meM aisA kahIM nahIM batAyA gayA hai ki amuka zAstra apane Apa hI samyak haiM athavA amuka zAstra apane Apa hI mithyA haiM / samyagdRSTi evaM mithyAdRSTi kI apekSA se hI zAstroM ko samyak evaM mithyA kahA gayA hai / AcArya haribhadrasUri ne bhI prakArAntara se isI bAta kA samarthana kiyA hai / AcArya haribhadra ke lagabhaga do sau varSa bAda hone vAle zIlAMkAcArya ne apanI AcArAMga vRtti meM jainAbhimata kriyAkANDa kI samabhAvapUrvaka sAdhanA karane kI sUcanA dete hue likhA hai ki cAhe koI muni do vastradhArI ho, tIna vastradhArI ho, eka vastradhArI ho athavA eka bhI vastra na rakhatA ho arthAt acelaka ho kintu jo eka-dUsare kI avahelanA nahIM karate ve saba bhagavAn kI AjJA meM vicarate haiM / saMhanana, dhRti Adi kAraNoM se jo bhinna-bhinna kalpavAle haiM - bhinna-bhinna bAhya AcAra vAle haiM kintu eka-dUsare kA apamAna nahIM karate, na apane ko hIna hI mAnate haiM ve saba AtmArthI jina bhagavAn kI AjJAnusAra rAga-dveSAdika kI pariNati kA vinAza karane kA yathAvidhi prayatna kara rahe haiM / isa prakAra kA vicAra rakhane va isI prakAra paraspara savinaya vyavahAra karane kA nAma ho samyaktva athavA samyaktva kA abhijJAna hai / ' 1. etadviSayaka mUlapATha va vRtti isa prakAra hai : mUlapAThaH "jaheyaM bhagavayA paveiyaM tameva abhisamiccA savvao savvattAe sammataM ( samattaM ) eva samabhijANijjA" - AcArAMga, a0 6, u03, sU 182. vRttiH " yathA - yena prakAreNa 'idam' iti yaduktam, vakSyamANaM ca --- etad bhagavatA vIravardhamAnasvAminA prakarSeNa Adau dA veditam - praveditam -- iti / 'upakaraNalAghavam AhAralAghavaM vA abhisametya -jJAtvA katham ? sarvataH iti dravyataH kSetrataH kAlataH bhAvatazca / dravyataH AhAra- upakaraNAdau, kSetrataH sarvatra grAmAdI, kAlataH ani rAtrau vA durbhikSAdI vA sarvAtmanA bhAvataH kRtrimakalkAdyabhAvena / tathA samyaktvam --- iti prazastam zobhanam ekam saMgataM vA tattvam, samyaktvam,

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73 jaina zruta sarvajJa evaM sarvadarzI praNIta dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka caturdazapUrvadhara yAvat dazapUrvadhara ke lie samyak zrutarUpa hai / isake nIce ke kisI bhI adhikArI ke lie vaha samyakazruta ho bhI sakatA hai aura nahIM bhI / adhikArI ke samyagdRSTisampanna hone para usake lie vaha samyakazruta hotA hai va adhikAroM ke mithyAdRSTi hone para usake lie vaha mithyAzruta hotA hai / disUtrakAra ke kathanAnusAra ajJAniyoM arthAt mithyAdRSTiyoM dvArA praNIta veda, mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa, kapilavacana, buddhavacana Adi zAstra mithyAdRSTi ke lie mithyA zrutarUpa va samyakadRSTi ke lie samyak zrutarUpa haiM / ina zAstroM meM bhI kaI prasaMga aise Ate haiM jinheM socane-samajhane se kabhI-kabhI mithyAdRSTi bhI apanA durAgraha chor3a kara samyagdRSTi ho sakatA hai / nandisUtrakAra ke samyak tasambandhI upayukta kathana meM par3hane vAle, sunane vAle athavA samajhane vAle ko vivekadRSTi para vizeSa bhAra diyA gayA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki samyakadRSTisampanna hotA hai usake lie pratyeka zAstra samyak hotA hai / isase viparIta dRSTi vAle ke lie pratyeka zAstra mithyA hotA hai / dUdha sA~pa bhI pItA hai va sajjana bhI, kintu apane-apane svabhAva ke anusAra usakA pariNAma vibhinna hotA hai / sA~pa ke zarIra meM vaha dUdha viSa banatA hai jaba ki sajjana ke zarIra meM vahI dUdha amRta banatA hai / yahI bAta zAstroM ke lie bhI hai / samyagdRSTi kA artha jaina evaM mithyAdRSTi kA artha ajaina nahIM hai / jisake citta meM rAma, saMvega, nirveda, karuNA va Astikya - ina pA~ca vRttiyoM kA prAdurbhAva huA ho va AcaraNa bhI tadanusAra ho vaha samyagdRSTi hai / jisake citta meM inameM se eka bhI vRtti kA prAdurbhAva na huA ho vaha mithyAdRSTi hai / yaha bAta pAramArthika dRSTi se jainapravacana sammata hai / tadevaMbhUtaM samyaktvameva samatvameva vA samabhijAnIyAt - samyag Abhimukhyena jAnIyAt paricchindyAt / tathAhi -- acelaH api ekacelaAdikaM nAvamanyate / yataH uktam -- jo vi duvattha-tivattho egeNa acelago va saMtharai / Na hu te hI Mti paraM savve'vi ya te jiNANAe || je khalu visarisakappA saMghayaNadhiiyAdikAraNaM pappa | samannai Na ya hoNaM appANaM mannai tehi || savve'vi jiNANAe jahAvihiM kammakhavaNaaTTAe / viharati ujjayA khalu samma abhijANai evaM / / " - AcArAMga - vRtti, pR0 222,

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74 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sAdika, anAdika, saparyavasita va aparyavasita zruta : AcArya devavAcaka ne nandisUtra meM batAyA hai ki zruta Adisahita bhI hai va Adirahita bhI / isI prakAra zruta antayukta bhI hai va antarahita bhI / sAdika arthAt Adiyukta zruta vaha hai jisakA prArambha amuka samaya meM huA ho / anAdika arthAt Adirahita zruta vaha hai jisakA prArambha karane vAlA koI na ho arthAt jo hamezA se calA AtA ho / saparyavasita arthAt sAntazruta vaha hai jisakA amuka samaya anta arthAt vinAza ho jAtA hai / aparyavasita arthAt anantazruta vaha hai jisakA kabhI anta - vinAza na hotA ho / bhArata meM sabase prAcIna zAstra veda aura avestA haiM / vedoM ke viSaya meM mImAMsakoM kA aisA mata hai ki unheM kisI ne banAyA nahIM apitu ve anAdi kAla se isI prakAra cale A rahe haiM / ataH ve svataH pramANabhUta haiM arthAt unakI sacAI kisI vyaktivizeSa ke guNoM para avalambita nahIM hai / amuka puruSa ne veda banAye haiM tathA vaha puruSa vItarAga hai, sarvajJa hai, anantajJAnI hai athavA guNoM kA sAgara hai isalie veda pramANabhUta haiM, yaha bAta nahIM hai / veda apauruSeya haiM arthAt kisI puruSavizeSadvArA praNIta nahIM haiM / isI prakAra amuka kAla meM unakI utpatti huI ho, yaha bAta bhI nahIM / isIlie ve anAdi haiM / anAdi hone ke kAraNa hI ve pramANabhUta haiM / vedoM kI racanA meM aneka prakAra ke zabda prayukta hue / jisa prakAra inameM Arya zabda haiM usI prakAra anArya zabda bhI haiM / jo ina donoM prakAra ke zabdoM kA artha ThIka-ThIka jAnatA va samajhatA hai vahI vedoM kA artha ThIka-ThIka samajha sakatA hai / veda to hamAre pAsa paramparA se cale Ate haiM kintu unameM jo anArya zabda prayukta hue haiM unakI vizeSa jAnakArI hameM nahIM hai / aisI sthiti meM unakA samagra artha kisa prakAra samajhA jA sakatA hai ? yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja taka koI bhAratIya saMzodhaka sarvathA taTastha rahakara tatkAlIna samAja va bhASA ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue vedoM kA niSpakSa vivecana na kara sakA / yadyapi prAcIna samaya meM upalabdha sAdhana, paramparA, gaMbhIra adhyayana Adi kA avalambana lekara maharSi yAska ne vedoM ke kaI zabdoM kA nirvacana karane kA uttama prayAsa kiyA hai kintu unakA yaha prayAsa vartamAna meM vedoM ko tatkAlIna vAtAvaraNa kI dRSTi se samajhane meM pUrNarUpa se sahAyaka hotA dikhAI nahIM detA / unhoMne nirukta banAyA hai kintu vaha vedoM ke samasta paricita athavA aparicita zabdoM taka nahIM pahu~ca sakA / yAska ke samaya ke vAtAvaraNa va purohitoM kI sAmpradAyika manovRtti ko dekhate hue aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kadAcit yAska kI isa pravRtti kA virodha bhI huA ho / purohitavarga kI yahI mAnyatA thI ki veda alaukika

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jaina zruta 75: hai-apauruSeya haiM ataH unameM prayukta zabdoM kA artha athavA nirvacana laukika rIti se laukika zabdoM dvArA manuSya kaise kara sakatA hai ? isa prakAra kI veda-rakSakoM kI manovRtti hone ke kAraNa bhI saMbhavataH yAska isa kArya ko sampUrNatayA na kara sake hoM / isa nirukta ke atirikta vedoM ke zabdoM ko tatkAlIna artha-sandarbha meM samajhane kA koI bhI sAdhana na pahale thA aura na abhI hai / sAyaNa nAmaka vidvAn ne vedoM para jo bhASya likhA hai vaha vaidika zabdoM ko tatkAlIna vAtAvaraNa evaM saMdarbha kI dRSTi se samajhAne meM asamartha hai| ye arvAcIna bhASyakAra haiN| inhoMne apanI arvAcIna paramparA ke anusAra vedoM kI RcAoM kA mukhyataH yajJaparaka artha kiyA hai / yaha artha aitihAsika tathA prAcIna vedakAlIna samAja kI dRSTi se ThIka hai yA nahIM, isakA vartamAna saMzodhakoM ko vizvAsa nahIM hotA / ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki Aja taka vedoM kA ThIka-ThIka artha hamAre sAmane na A skaa| svAmI dayAnanda ne vedoM para eka nayA bhASya likhA hai kintu vaha bhI vedakAlIna prAcIna vAtAvaraNa va sAmAjika paristhiti ko pUrNatayA samajhAne meM asamartha hI hai| vedAbhyAsI svargIya lokamAnya tilaka ne apanI 'orAyana' nAmaka pustaka meM likhA hai ki avestA ko kucha kathAe~ vedoM ke samajhane meM sahAyaka hotI haiM ! kucha saMzodhaka vidvAn vedoM ko Thoka-ThIka samajhane ke lie jaMda, avestA-gAthA tathA vedakAlIna anya sAhitya ke abhyAsapUrNa manana, cintana Adi para bhAra dete haiM / durbhAgyavaza kucha dharmAndha rAjAoM ne jaMda, avestA-gAthA Adi sAhitya ko hI naSTa kara DAlA hai / vartamAna meM jo kucha bhI thor3A-bahuta sAhitya upalabdha hai use sahIsahI artha meM samajhane kI paramparA avestAgAthA ko pramANarUpa mAnane vAle pArasI adhvaryu ke pAsa bhI nahIM hai aura na usa zAstra ke prakANDa paNDita hI vidyamAna haiN| aisI sthiti meM vedoM ke adhyayana meM rata kisI bhI saMzodhaka vidvAn ko nirAzA hAnA svAbhAvika hI hai / prAcIna kAla meM zAstra ke prAmANya ke lie apauruSeyatA evaM alaukikatA Avazyaka mAnI jAtI / jo zAstra nayA hotA va kisI puruSa ne use amuka samaya banAyA hotA usakI pratiSThA alaukika tathA apauruSeya zAstra kI apekSA kama hotI / sambhavataH isIlie vedoM ko alaukika evaM apauruSeya mAnane kI prathA cAlU huI ho| jaba cintana bar3hane lagA, tarkazakti kA prayoga adhika hone lagA evaM hiMsA, madyapAna Adi se janatA kI barabAdI bar3hane lagI taba vaidika anuSThAnoM evaM vedoM ke prAmANya para bhArI prahAra hone lge| yahA~ taka ki upaniSad ke cintakoM evaM sAMkhyadarzana ke praNetA kapila muni ne isakA bhArI virodha kiyA evaM vedokta

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'76 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa hiMsaka anuSThAnoM kA agrAhyatva siddha kiyA / use prakAza kA mArga na kahate hue dhUma kA mArga kahA / gotA meM bhagavAn kRSNa ne 'yAmimAM puSpitAM vAcaM pravadantyavipizcitaH' se prArambha kara 'guNyaviSayA vedA nistraguNyo bhavA'rjuna!" taka ke vacanoM meM isI kA samarthana kiyA / dravyamaya yajJa kI apekSA jJAnamaya va tapomaya yajJa kI mahimA batAI evaM samAja ko Atmazodhaka yajJoM kI ora mor3ane kA bharasaka prayatna kiyA / anAsakta karma karate rahane kI atyuttama preraNA dekara bhAratIya tyAgI varga ko apUrva zikSA dI jaina evaM bauddha cintakoM ne tapa, zama, dama ityAdi kI sAdhanA kara hiMsA - vidhAyaka vedoM ke prAmANya kA hI virodha kiyA evaM unakI apauruSeyatA tathA nityatA kA unmUlana kara unake prAmANya ko sandehayukta banA diyA / / prAmANya kI vicAradhArA meM krAnti ke bIja bone vAle jaina evaM bauddha citakoM ne kahA ki zAstra, vacana athavA jJAna svatantra nahIM hai - svayaMbhU nahIM hai apitu vaktA kI vacanarUpa athavA vicAraNArUpa kriyA ke sAtha sambaddha hai / lekhaka athavA vaktA yadi nispRha hai, karuNApUrNa hai, zama- damayukta hai, samasta prANiyoM ko Atmavat samajhane vAlA hai, jitendriya hai, logoM ke AdhyAtmika klezoM ko dUra karane meM samartha hai, asAdhAraNa pratibhAsampanna vicAradhArA vAlA hai to tatpraNIta zAstra athavA vacana bhI sarvajanahitakara hotA hai / usake upayukta guNoM se viparIta guNayukta hone para tatpraNIta zAstra athavA vacana sarvajanahitakara nahIM hotA / ataeva zAstra, vacana athavA jJAna kA prAmANya tadAdhArabhUta puruSa para avalambita hai / jo zAstra athavA vacana anAdi mAne jAte haiM, nitya mAne jAte haiM athavA apauruSeya mAne jAte haiM unakI bhI uparyukta DhaMga se parIkSA kie binA unake prAmANya ke viSaya meM kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / 1 jainoM ne yaha bhI svIkAra kiyA ki zAstra, vacana athavA jJAna anAdi, nitya athavA apauruSeya avazya ho sakatA hai kintu vaha pravAha - paramparA kI apekSA se, na ki kisI vizeSa zAstra, vacana athavA jJAna kI apekSA se / pravAha kI apekSA se jJAna, vacana athavA zAstra bhale hI anAdi, apauruSeya athavA nitya ho kintu usakA prAmANya kevala anAditA para nirbhara nahIM hai / jisa zAstravizeSa kA jisa vyakti vizeSa se sambandha ho usa vyakti kI parIkSA para hI usa zAstra kA prAmANya nirbhara hai / jainoM ne apane deza meM avazya hI isa prakAra kA eka nayA vicAra zurU kiyA hai, yaha kahanA atizayoktipUrNa na hogA / 1. adhyAya 2, zloka 42-45.

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77 jena zruta gItopadezaka bhagavAn kRSNa ne va sAMkhya darzana ke pravartaka krAMtikArI kapila muni ne vedoM ke hiMsAmaya anuSThAnoM ko hAnikAraka batAte hue logoM ko veda vimukha hone ke lie prerita kiyA / jisa yuga meM vedoM kI pratiSThA dRDhamUla thI evaM samAja unake prati itanA adhika Asakta thA ki unase jarA bhI alaga honA nahIM cAhatA thA usa yuga meM paramAtmA kRSNa evaM AtmArthI kapilamuni ne vedoM kI pratiSThA para sIdhA AghAta karane ke bajAya anAsakta karma karane kI preraNA dekara svargakAmanAmUlaka yajJoM para kuThArAghAta kiyA evaM dharma ke nAma para calane vAle hiMsAmaya va madyapradhAna yajJAdika karmakANDoM ke mArga ko dhUmamArga kahA / itanA hI nahIM, upaniSadkAroM ne to yajJa karAne vAle RtvijoM ko DAkuoM evaM luTeroM kI upamA dI va logoM ko unakA vizvAsa na karane kI salAha dI / phira bhI inameM se kisI ne vedoM ke nirapekSa - sarvathA aprAmANya kI ghoSaNA kI ho, aisA koI pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai / -- dhIre-dhIre jaba vaidika purohitoM kA jora kama par3ane lagA, kSatriyoM meM bhI krAntikAraka puruSa paidA hone lage, gurupada para kSatriya Ane lage evaM samAja kI zraddhA vedoM se haTane lagI taba jainoM evaM bauddhoM ne bhArI jokhima uThA kara bhI vedoM ke aprAmANya kI ghoSaNA kii| vedoM ke aprAmANya kI ghoSaNA karane ke sAtha hI jainoM ne graMtha praNetAoM kI paristhiti, jIvanadRSTi evaM antarvRtti ko prAmANya kA hetu mAnane kI arthAt vaktA athavA jJAtA ke Antarika guNa-doSoM ke AdhAra para usake vacana athavA jJAna ke prAmANya - aprAmANya kA nizcaya karane kI nayI praNAlI prArambha kI / yaha praNAlI svataH prAmANya mAnane vAloM kI purAnI calI Ane vAlI paramparA ke lie sarvathA nayI thI / yahA~ zruta ke viSaya meM jo anAditva evaM nityatva kI kalpanA kI gaI hai vaha svataH prAmANya mAnane vAloM kI prAcIna paramparA ko lakSya meM rakha kara kI gaI hai / sAtha hI zruta kA jo Aditva, anityatva athavA pauruSeyatva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai vaha logoM kI parIkSaNazakti, vivekazakti tathA saMzodhanazakti ko jAgrat karane kI dRSTi se hI, jisase koI AtmArthI ' tAtasya kUpo'yamiti bruvANaH' yoM kaha kara pitA ke kue meM na gire apitu sAvadhAna hokara paira Age bar3hAe / anekAntavAda, vibhajyavAda athavA syAdvAda kI samanvaya dRSTi ke anusAra jaina cala sakane yogya prAcIna vicAradhArA ko Thesa pahu~cAnA nahIM cAhate the / ve yaha bhI nahIM cAhate ki prAcIna vicArasaraNI ke nAma para bahama, ajJAna athavA jar3atA kA poSaNa ho / isIlie ve pahale se hI prAcIna vicAradhArA ko surakSita rakhate hue 1. dekhiye - mahAvIra vANI kI prastAvanA |

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa krAnti ke naye vicAra prastuta karane meM lage hue haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne hi apekSAbheda se nitya va anitya donoM mAnA hai / zruta 78 zrutasAdi arthAt Adiyukta hai, isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki zAstra meM nitya naI-naI zodhoM kA samAveza hotA hI rahatA hai / zruta anAdi arthAt Adirahita hai, isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki naI-naI zodhoM kA pravAha nirantara calatA hI rahatA hai / yaha pravAha kaba va kahA~ se zurU huA, isake viSaya meM koI nizcita kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI / isIlie use anAdi athavA nitya kahanA hI ucita hai / isa nitya kA yaha artha nahIM ki aba isameM koI naI zodha ho hI nahIM sakatI / isIlie zAstrakAroM ne zruta ko nitya athavA anAdi ke sAtha hI sAtha anitya athavA sAdi bhI kahA hai / isa prakAra gaharAI se vicAra karane para mAlUma hogA ki koI bhI zAstra kisI bhI samaya akSarazaH vaisA kA vaisA hI nahIM rahatA / usameM parivartana hote hI rahate haiM / naye-naye saMzodhana sAmane Ate hI rahate haiM / vaha nitya nayA-nayA hotA rahatA hai / yaha kahA jA cukA hai ki hamAre deza ke prAcInatama zAstra veda aura avestA haiN| isake bAda brAhmaNa, AraNyaka upaniSad va jainasUtra tathA bauddhapiTaka haiM / inake bAda haiM darzanazAstra / inameM saMzodhana kA pravAha satata calA AtA hai / avestA athavA veda tathA brAhmaNoM ke kAla meM jo sAdhana mAnI jAtI thI vaha upaniSad Adi ke dhIre-dhIre nindanIya mAnI jAne lagI / 1 upaniSadoM ke vicAraka kahane lage ki ye yajJa TUTI huI nAva ke samAna haiM / jo loga ina yajJoM para vizvAsa rakhate haiM ve bAra-bAra janma-maraNa prApta karate rahate haiM / ina yajJoM para vizvAsa rakhAne vAle va rakhane vAle logoM kI sthiti aMdhe ke netRtva meM calane vAle aMdhoM ke samAna hotI hai / ve avidyA meM nimagna rahate haiM, apane-Apa ko paMDita samajhate haiM evaM janma-maraNa ke cakkara meM ghUmate rahate haiM / ye vicAraka itanA hI kahakara cupa na hue / unhoMne yahA~ taka kahA ki jisa ye'bhinandanti mUDhA jarAmRtyuM te 1. plavA hyete adRDhA yajJarUpA etacchreyo punarevApi yanti / 2. avidyAyAmantare vartamAnAH svayaM dhIrAH dandramyamANAH pariyanti mUDhA andhenaiva anuSThAna- paramparA svargaprApti kA samaya meM parivartita hone lagI va -- muMDakopaniSad 1. 2. 7. / paNDitaM manyamAnAH / nIyamAnA yathAndhAH // - kaThopaniSad 1. 2. 5. /

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79 jaina zruta prakAra niSAda va luTere dhanikoM ko jaMgala meM le jAkara pakar3akara gaDDhe meM pheMka dete haiM evaM unakA dhana lUTa lete haiM usI prakAra Rtvij va purohita yajamAnoM ko gaDDhe meM pheMka kara (yajJAdi dvArA ) unakA dhana lUTa lete haiM / ina ullekhoM se spaSTa hai ki zAstroM kA vikAsa nirantara hotA AyA hai / jo paddhatiyA~ purAnI ho gaI evaM naye yuga va naye saMzodhanoM ke anukUla na rahIM ve miTatI gaIM tathA unake bajAya navayugAnukUla navIna paddhatiyA~ va naye vicAra Ate gaye / jaina paramparA meM bhI yaha prasiddha hai ki arhat pArzva ke samaya meM savastra zramaNoM kI paramparA thI evaM cAturyAma dharma thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM nayA -saMzodhana huA evaM avastra zramaNoM kI paramparA ko bhI sthAna milA / sAtha hI sAtha cAra ke bajAya pAMca yAma - paMcayAma kI prathA prArambha huii| isa prakAra zruta arthAt zAstra parivartana kI apekSA se sAdi bhI hai tathA pravAha kI apekSA se anAdi bhI hai / isa prakAra jaise amuka dRSTi se veda nitya haiM, avinAzI haiM, anAdi haiM, ananta haiM, apauruSeya haiM vaise hI jainazAstra bhI amuka apekSA se nitya haiM, anAdi haiM, ananta haiM evaM apauruSeya haiM / bauddhoM ne to apane piTakoM ko Adi-anAdi kI koI carcA hI nahIM kI / bhagavAn buddha ne logoM se spaSTa kahA ki yadi Apako aisA mAlUma ho ki ina zAstroM se hamArA hita hotA hai to inheM mAnanA anyathA inakA Agraha mata rakhanA / gamika - agamika, aMgapraviSTa - anaMgapraviSTa va kAlika - utkAlika zruta : zruta kI zailI kI dRSTi se gamika va agamika sUtroM meM vizeSatA hai | zruta ke racayitA ke bheda se aMgapraviSTa va anaMgapraviSTa bheda pratiSThita haiM / zruta ke svAdhyAya ke kAla kI apekSA se kAlika va utkAlika sUtroM meM antara hai / gamikazruta kA svarUpa samajhAte hue sUtrakAra kahate haiM ki dRSTivAda nAmaka zAstra gamitarUpa hai evaM samasta kAlikazruta agabhikazrutarUpa haiM / gamika arthAt 'gama' yukta / sUtrakAra ne 'gama' kA svarUpa nahIM batAyA hai / cUrNikAra evaM vRttikAra 'gama' kA svarUpa batAte hue kahate haiM :--' - " iha Adimadhya avasAneSu kiJcit vizeSataH bhUyobhUyaH tasyaiva sUtrasya uccAraNaM gamaH / tatra Adau 'suyaM me AusaM tegaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM / " iha khalu' 9. yathAha vA idaM niSAdA vA selagA vA pApakRto vA vittavantaM puruSamaraNye gRhItvA kartamanvanya vittamAdAya dravanti evameva te Rtvijo yajamAnaM kartamanvasya vittamAdAya dravanti yamevaMvido yAjayanti / - aitareya brAhmaNa, 8. 11 /

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ( bAvosaM parosahA samajeNaM bhagavayA mahAvoreNaM kAsaveNaM paveiyA) ityAdi / evaM madhya-avasAnayoH api yathAsaMbhavaM draSTavyam / gamA asya vidyante iti gamikam" ( naMdivRtti, pR0 203, sU0 44 ) / gama kA artha hai prAraMbha meM, madhya meM evaM anta meM kiMcit parivartana ke sAtha punaH-punaH usI sUtra kA uccAraNa / jisa zruta meM 'gama' ho arthAt isa prakAra ke sadRza-samAna pATha hoM vaha gami kazru ta hai / vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM 'gama' zabda ke do artha kiye haiM : bhaMga-gaNiyAI gamiyaM jaM sarisagamaM ca kAraNavaseNa / gAhAi agamiyaM khalu kAliyasuyaM diThivAe vA // 549 / / isa gAthA kI vRtti meM batAyA gayA hai ki vividha prakAra ke bhaMgoM--vikalpoM kA nAma 'gama' hai / athavA gaNita-vizeSa prakAra kI gaNita kI carcA kA nAma 'gama' hai / isa prakAra ke 'gama' jisa sUtra meM hoM vaha gamikazruta kahalAtA hai| athavA sadRza pAThoM ko 'gama' kahate haiM / jisa sUtra meM kAraNavazAt sadaza pATha Ate hoM vaha gamika kahalAtA hai / ' samavAyAMga kI vRtti meM arthaparicchedoM ko 'gama' kahA gayA hai / nandisUtra kI vRtti meM bhI 'gama' kA artha arthapariccheda hI batAyA hai| zru ta arthAt sUtra ke pratyeka vAkya meM se medhAvI ziSya jo viziSTa artha prApta karate haiM use arthapariccheda kahate haiN| isa prakAra jisa zrata meM 'gama' Ate hoM usakA nAma agamikatha ta hai| udAharaNa ke taura para vartamAna AcArAMga Adi ekAdazAMgarUpa kAlika sUtra agamikazru tAntargata haiM jabaki bArahavAM aMga dRSTivAda ( lupta ) gamikazru ta hai / sArA zruta eka samAna hai, samAnaviSayoM kI carcA vAlA hai evaM usake praNetA AtmArthI tyAgI muni haiN| aisA hote hue bhI amuka sUtra aMgarUpa haiM evaM amuka aMgabAhya, aisA kyoM ? 'aMga' zabda kA artha hai mukhya evaM 'aMgabAhya' kA artha hai gauNa / jisa prakAra vedarUpa puruSa ke chanda, jyotiSa Adi cha: aMgoM kI kalpanA ati prAcIna hai usI prakAra zruta arthAt gaNipiTakarUpa puruSa ke dvAdazAMgoM kI kalpanA bhI prAcIna hai| puruSa ke bAraha aMga kauna-kauna-se haiM, isakA nirdeza karate hue kahA gayA hai :1. gamAH sadRzapAThAH te ca kAraNavazena yatra bahavo bhavanti tad gamikam / 2. jo divasa evaM rAtri ke prathama tathA antima prahararUpa kAla meM par3he jAte haiM ve kAlika kahalAte haiN| 3. tacca prAyaH AcArAdi kAlikazru tam, asadRzapAThAtmakatvAt / -malayagirikRta naMdivRtti.

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jaina zruta pAyadurga jaMghA urU gAyadugaddhaM tu do ya bAhU ya / gIvA siraM ca puriso bArasaaMgo suyvisittro|| -naMdivRtti, pR0 202. isa gAthA kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue vRttikAra likhate haiM :-iha puruSasya dvAdaza aGgAni bhavanti tadyathA-dvau pAdau, dve jo, dve uruNI, dve gAtrArdhe, dvau bAha, grIvA, zirazca, evaM zrutarUpasya api paramapuruSasya AcArAdIni dvAdazaaGgAni krameNa veditavyAni * * 'zrutapuruSasya aMgeSu praviSTam-aMgabhAvena vyvsthitmityrthH| yat punaretasyaiva dvAdazAGgAtmakasya zrutapuruSasya vyatirekeNa sthitam-aMgabAhyatvena vyavasthitaM tad anaGgapraviSTam / ' isa prakAra vRttikAra ke kathanAnusAra zrutarUpa paramapuruSa ke AcArAdi bAraha aMgoM ko nimna rUpa se samajhA jA sakatA hai : AcAra va sUtrakRta zrutapuruSa ke do paira hai, sthAna va samavAya do jaMghAe~ haiM, vyAkhyAprajJapti jJAtAdharmakathA do ghuTane hai, upAsaka va aMtakRta do gAtrArdha haiM ( zarIra kA UparI evaM nIce kA bhAga athavA agalA ( peTa Adi ) evaM pichalA ( pITha Adi ) bhAga gAtrArdha kahalAtA hai ), anuttaraupapAtika va praznavyAkaraNa do bAhue~ haiM, vipAkasUtra grIvA-gardana hai tathA dRSTivAda mastaka hai / ____ tAtparya yaha hai ki AcArAdi bAraha aMga jainazruta meM pradhAna haiM, vizeSa pratiSThita haiM evaM vizeSa prAmANya yukta haiM tathA mUla upadeSTA ke Azaya ke adhika nikaTa haiM jabaki anaMga arthAt aMgabAhya sUtra aMgoM kI apekSA gauNa hai, kama pratiSThA vAle haiM evaM alpa prAmANyayukta haiM tathA sUtra upaceSTA ke pradhAna Azaya ke kama nikaTa haiM / vizeSAvazyakabhASyakAra jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa aMga-anaMga kI vizeSatA batAte hue kahate haiM : gaNahara-therakayaM vA AesA mukkavAgaraNao vA / dhuva-calavisesao vA aMgANaMgesu nANattaM / / 550 // aMgazruta kA sIdhA sambandha gaNadharoM se hai jabaki anaMga-aMgabAhyazruta kA sIdhA sambandha sthaviroM se hai / athavA gaNadharoM ke pUchane para tIrthaMkara ne jo batAyA vaha aMgazruta hai evaM binA pUche apane-Apa batAyA huA zruta aMgabAhya hai / athavA jo zruta sadA ekarUpa hai vaha aMgazruta hai tathA jo zruta parivartita arthAt nyUnAdhika hotA rahatA hai vaha aMgabAhyazruta hai / isa prakAra svayaM bhASyakAra ne bhI aMgabAhya kI apekSA aMgazruta kI pratiSThA kucha vizeSa hI batAI hai / Jain Education Sternational

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jisa samaya zramaNasaMgha meM kisa zAstra ko vizeSa mahattva diyA jAya va kisa zAstra ko vizeSa mahattva na diyA jAya, yaha prazna uThA taba usake samAdhAna ke lie samanvayapriya Agamika bhASyakAra ne eka sAtha uparyukta tIna vizeSatAe~ batAkara samasta zAstroM kI evaM una zAstroM ko mAnane vAloM kI pratiSThA surakSita rakhI / aisA hote hue bhI aMga evaM aMgabAhya kA bheda to banA hI rahA evaM aMgabAhya sUtroM kI apekSA aMgoM kI pratiSThA bhI vizeSa hI rahI / 82 vartamAna meM jo aMga evaM upAMgarUpa bheda pracalita hai vaha ati prAcIna nahIM hai / yadyapi 'upAMga' zabda cUrNiyoM evaM tattvArthabhASya jitanA prAcIna hai tathApi amuka aMga kA amuka upAMga hai, aisA bheda utanA prAcIna pratIta nahIM hotA / yadi aMgopAMgarUpa bheda vizeSa prAcIna hotA to naMdIsUtra meM isakA ullekha avazya milatA / isase spaSTa hai ki nandI ke samaya meM zruta kA aMga va upAMgarUpa bheda karane kI prathA na thI apitu aMga va anaMga arthAt aMgapraviSTa va aMgabAhyarUpa bheda karane kI paripATI thI / itanA hI nahIM, naMdIsUtrakAra ne to vartamAna meM pracalita samasta upAMgoM ko 'prakIrNaka' zabda se bhI sambodhita kiyA hai / upAMgoM ke vartamAna krama meM pahale aupapAtika AtA hai, bAda meM rAja praznIya Adi, jabaki tattvArthavRttikAra haribhadrasUri tathA siddhasenasUri ke ullekhAnusAra (a0 1 sU0 20 ) pahale rAjaprasenakIya ( vartamAna rAjapraznIya) va bAda meM aupapAtika Adi Ate haiM / isase pratIta hotA hai ki isa samaya taka upAMgoM kA varta mAna krama nizcita nahIM huA thA / 1 naMdIsUtra meM nirdiSTa aMgabAhya kAlika evaM utkAlika zAstroM meM vartamAna meM pracalita upAMgarUpa samasta granthoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai / kucha upAMga kAlika zratAntargata haiM va kucha utkAlika zratAntargata / upAMgoM ke krama ke viSaya meM vicAra karane para mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha krama aMgoM ke krama se sambaddha nahIM hai / jo viSaya aMga meM ho usI se sambandhita viSaya usake upAMga meM bhI ho to usa aMga aura upAMga kA pArasparika sambandha baiTha sakatA hai / kintu bAta aisI nahIM hai / SaSTha aMga jJAtadharmakathA kA upAMga jambUdrIpaprajJapti kahA jAtA hai evaM saptama aMga upAsakadazA kA upAMga candraprajJapti kahA jAtA hai jabaki inake viSayoM meM koI samAnatA athavA sAmaMjasya nahIM hai / yahI bAta anya aMgopAMgoM ke viSaya meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai / isa prakAra bAraha aMgoM kA unake upAMgoM ke sAtha koI viSayakya pratIta nahIM hotA / eka bAta yaha hai ki upAMga va aMgabAhya ina donoM zabdoM ke artha meM bar3A antara "gabAhya zabda se aisA AbhAsa hotA hai ki ina sUtroM kA sambandha aMgoM ke

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83 jaina zruta sAtha nahIM hai athavA bahuta kama hai jaba ki upAMga zabda aMgoM ke sAtha sIdhA sambaddha haiM / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki aMgabAhyoM kI pratiSThA bar3hAne ke liye athavA aMga ke samakakSa unake prAmANyasthApana kI AvazyakatA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kisI gItArtha ne inheM upAMga nAma se sambodhita karanA prArambha kiyA hogA / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki aMgoM ke sAtha sambandha rakhane vAle dazavaikAlika; uttarAdhyayana Adi sUtroM ko upAMgoM meM na rakha kara aupapAtika se upAMgoM kI zuruAta karane kA koI kAraNa bhI nahIM diyA gayA hai / sambhava hai ki dazavaikAlika Adi vizeSa prAcIna hone ke kAraNa aMgabAhya hote hue bhI prAmANyayukta rahe hoM evaM aupapAtika Adi ke viSaya meM etadviSayaka koI vivAda khar3A huA ho aura isIlie inheM upAMga ke rUpa meM mAnA jAne lagA ho / eka bAta yaha bhI hai ki ye aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya, jIvAbhigama, prajJApanA Adi grantha devadhigaNikSamAzramaNa ke sammukha the hI aura isalie unhoMne aMga sUtroM meM jahA~-tahA~ 'jahA uvavAio, jahA pannavaNAo, jahA jIvAbhigame' ityAdi pATha diye haiM / aisA hote hue bhI 'jahA uvavAiauvAMge, jahA pannavaNAuvAMge' isa prakAra 'upAMga' zabdayukta koI pATha nahIM milatA / isase anumAna hotA hai ki kadAcit devadhigaNikSamAzramaNa ke bAda hI ina granthoM ko upAMga kahane kA prayatna huA ho / zruta kA yaha sAmAnya paricaya prastuta prayojana ke lie paryApta hai /

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prakaraNa aMga granthoM kA bAhya paricaya AgamoM kI granthabaddhatA acelaka paramparA meM aMgaviSayaka ullekha aMgoM kA bAhya rUpa nAma-nirdeza AcArAdi aMgoM ke nAmoM kA artha aMgoM kA pada-parimANa pada kA artha aMgoM kA krama aMgoM kI zailI va bhASA prakaraNoM kA viSayanirdeza paramparA kA AdhAra paramatoM kA ullekha viSaya-vaividhya jaina paramparA kA lakSya

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dvitIya prakaraNa aMga granthoM kA bAhya paricaya sarvaprathama aMgagraMthoM ke bAhya tathA aMtaraMga paricaya se kyA abhipreta hai, yaha spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka hai / aMgoM ke nAmoM kA artha, aMgoM kA padapariNAma athavA lokapariNAma, aMgoM kA krama, aMgoM kI zailI tathA bhASA, prakaraNoM kA viSayanirdeza, viSayavivecana kI paddhati, vAcanAvaividhya ityAdi kI samIkSA bAhya paricaya meM rakhI gaI hai / aMgoM meM carcita svasiddhAnta tathA parasiddhAntasambandhI tathya, unakI vizeSa samIkSA, unakA pRthakkaraNa, tanniSpanna aitihAsika anusaMdhAna, tadantargata viziSTa zabdoM kA vivecana ityAdi bAteM aMtaraMga paricaya meM samAviSTa haiM / AgamoM kI granthabaddhatA : jainasaMgha kI mukhya do paramparAe~ haiM : acelaka paramparA va sacelaka paramparA' / donoM paramparAe~ yaha mAnatI haiM ki AgamoM ke adhyayana-adhyApana kI paramparA akhaNDa rUpa meM kAyama na rahI | duSkAla Adi ke kAraNa Agama akSarazaH surakSita na rakhe jA sake / AgamoM meM vAcanAbheda - pAThabheda barAbara bar3hate gaye / sacelaka paramparA dvArA mAnya AgamoM ko jaba pustakArUDha kiyA gayA taba zramaNa saMgha ne ekatra hokara jo mAthurI vAcanA mAnya rakhI vaha granthabaddha kI gaI, sAtha hI upayukta vAcanAbheda athavA pAThabheda bhI likhe gaye / acelaka paramparA ke AcArya dharasena, yativRSabha, kuMdakuMda, bhaTTa akalaMka Adi ne ina pustakArUDha AgamoM athavA inase pUrva ke upalabdha AgamoM ke Azaya ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue navIna sAhitya kA sarjana kiyA / AcArya kuMdakuMdaracita sAhitya meM AcArapAhuDa, suttApAhuDa, sthAnapAhuDa, samavAyapAhuDa Adi pAhuDAnta granthoM kA samAveza kiyA jAtA hai / ina pAhuDoM ke nAma sunane se AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga Adi kI smRti ho AtI hai | AcArya kuMdakuMda ne uparyukta pAhuDoM kI racanA ina aMgoM ke AdhAra se kI pratIta hotI hai / isI prakAra SaTkhaNDAgama, jayadhavalA, mahAghavalA Adi grantha bhI una-una AcAryoM ne AcArAMga se lekara dRSTivAda taka ke AgamoM ke AdhAra se banAye haiM / inameM sthAna-sthAna para parikarma Adi kA nirdeza kiyA 1. yahA~ acelaka zabda digambaraparamparA ke lie aura sacelaka zabda zvetAmbaraparamparA ke lie prayukta hai| ye hI prAcIna zabda haiM jinase ina donoM paramparAoM kA prAcIna kAla meM bodha hotA thA /

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88 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa gayA hai / inase anumAna hotA hai ki ina granthoM ke nirmAtAoM ke sAmane dRSTivAda ke eka aMzarUpa parikarma kA koI bhAga avazya rahA hogA, cAhe vaha smRtirUpa meM hI kyoM na ho| jisa prakAra vizeSAvazyakabhASyakAra apane bhASya meM aneka sthAnoM para dRSTivAda ke eka aMzarUpa pUrvagata gAthA' kA nirdeza karate haiM usI prakAra ye granthakAra 'parikarma' kA nirdeza karate haiN| jinhoMne AgamoM ko granthabaddha kiyA hai unhoMne pahale se calI Ane vAlI kaMThAgna Agama-paramparA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue unakA ThIka-ThIka saMkalana karake mAthurI vAcanA pustakAruDha kI hai / isI prakAra acelaka paramparA ke granthakAroM ne bhI unake sAmane jo Agama vidyamAna the unakA avalambana lekara nayA sAhitya taiyAra kiyA hai / isa prakAra donoM paramparAoM ke grantha samAnarUpa se prAmANyapratiSThita haiN| acelaka paramparA meM aMgaviSayaka ullekha : __ acelaka paramparA meM aMgaviSayaka jo sAmagrI upalabdha hai isameM kevala aMgoM ke nAmoM kA, aMgoM ke viSayoM kA va aMgoM ke padapariNAma kA ullekha hai / akalaMkakRta rAjavArtika meM aMtakRddazA tathA anuttaraupapAtikadazA nAmaka do aMgoM ke adhyayanoMprakaraNoM ke nAmoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai, yadyapi ina nAmoM ke anusAra adhyayana vartamAna antakRddazA tathA anuttaraupAtikadazA meM upalabdha nahIM hai| pratIta hotA hai, rAjavAtikakAra ke sAmane ye donoM sUtra anya vAcanA vAle maujUda rahe hoNge| sthAnAMga nAmaka tRtIya aMga meM ukta donoM aMgoM ke adhyayanoM ke jo nAma batAye gaye haiM, unase rAjavArtika-nirdiSTa nAma vizeSataH milate hue haiM / aisI sthiti meM yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki rAjavAtikAra aura sthAnAMgasUtrakAra ke samakSa eka hI vAcanA ke ye sUtra rahe hoMge athavA rAjavArtikAra ne sthAnAMga meM gRhIta anya vAcanA ko pramANabhUta mAna kara ye nAma diye hoNge| rAjavArtika ke hI samAna dhavalA, jayadhavalA, aMgapaNNatti Adi meM bhI vaise hI nAma upalabdha haiN| ___acelaka paramparA ke pratikramaNa sUtra ke mUla pATha meM kinhIM-kinhIM aMgoM ke adhyayanoM kI saMkhyA batAI gaI hai| isa saMkhyA meM aura sacelaka paramparA meM prasiddha saMkhyA meM vizeSa antara nahIM hai| isa pratikramaNa sUtra kI prabhAcandrIya vRtti meM ina adhyayanoM ke nAma tathA unakA savistAra paricaya AtA hai / ye nAma sacelaka paramparA meM upalabdha nAmoM ke sAtha hUbahU milate haiN| kahIM-kahIM akSarAntara bhale hI ho gayA ho kintu bhAva meM koI antara nahIM hai| isake atirikta aparAjitasUrikRta dazavakAlikavRtti kA ullekha unakI apanI mUlArAdhanA ko vRtti meM AtA hai / yaha dazavaikAlikavRtti isa samaya anupalabdha hai| sambhava hai, ina aparAjitasUri 1. vRttikAra maladhArI hemacandra ke anusAra, gA0 128.

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aMga granthoM kA bAhya paricaya ne athavA unakI bhAMti acelaka paramparA ke anya kinhIM mahAnubhAvoM ne aMga Adi sUtroM para vRttiyAM Adi likhI hoM jo upalabdha na hoN| isa viSaya meM vizeSa anusaMdhAna kI AvazyakatA hai| sacelaka paramparA meM aMgoM kI niyuktiyA~, bhASya, cUNiyA~, avacUNiyA~, vRttiyA~, Tabe Adi upalabdha haiN| inase aMgoM ke viSaya meM vizeSa jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| aMgoM kA bAhya rUpa : aMgoM ke bAhya rUpa kA prathama pahalU hai aMgoM kA zlokaparimANa athavA padaparimANa / granthoM kI pratilipi karane vAle lekhaka apanA pArizramika zlokoM kI saMkhyA para nirdhArita karate haiN| isalie ve apane likhe hue anya ke anta meM 'pranthAna' zabda dvArA zloka-saMkhyA kA nirdeza avazya kara dete haiM / athavA kucha prAcIna granthakAra svayameva apane grantha ke anta meM usake zloka parimANa kA ullekha kara dete haiN| grantha pUrNatayA surakSita rahA hai athavA nahIM, vaha kisI kAraNa se khaNDita to nahIM ho gayA hai athavA usameM kisI prakAra kI vRddhi to nahIM huI haiityAdi bAteM jAnane meM yaha prathA ati upayogI hai| isase lipi-lekhakoM ko pArizramika dene meM bhI saralatA hotI hai| eka zloka battIsa akSaroM kA mAna kara zlokasaMkhyA batAI jAtI hai, phira cAhe racanA gadya meM hI kyoM na ho| vartamAna meM upalabdha aMgoM ke anta meM svayaM granthakAroM ne kahIM bhI zlokaparimANa nahIM batAyA hai| ataH yaha mAnanA cAhie ki yaha saMkhyA kinhIM anya granthapremiyoM athavA unakI nakala karane vAloM ne likhI hogii| apane grantha meM kauna-kauna se viSaya cacita haiM, isakA jJAna pAThaka ko prArambha meM hI ho jAya, isa dRSTi se prAcIna granthakAra kucha granthoM athavA granthagata prakaraNoM ke prArambha meM saMgrahagI gAthAe~ dete haiM kintu yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki aMgagata vaisI gAthAe~ khuda granthakAroM ne banAI hai athavA anya kinhoM saMgrAhakoM ne / ___ kucha aMgoM kI niyuktiyoM meM unake kitane adhyayana hai evaM una adhyayanoM ke kyA nAma hai, yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai| inameM grantha ke viSaya kA nirdeza karane vAlI kucha saMgrahaNI gAthAe~ bhI upalabdha hotI hai| samavAyAMga va nandIsUtra meM jahA~ AcArAMga Adi kA paricaya diyA huA hai vahA~ aMgoM ko saMgrahaNiyA~ aneka haiM', aisA ullekha milatA hai / yaha 'saMgrahaNI' zabda viSayanirdezaka gAthAoM ke artha meM vivakSita ho to yaha mAnanA cAhie ki jahA~jahA~ 'saMgrahaNiyAM aneka haiM' yaha batAyA gayA hai vahA~-vahA~ una-una sUtroM ke viSayanirdeza aneka prakAra ke haiM, yahI batAyA gayA hai| athavA isase yaha samajhanA

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa cAhie ki AcArAMgAdi kA paricaya saMkSepa - vistAra se aneka prakAra se diyA jA sakatA hai / yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki viSaya-nirdeza bhale hI bhinnabhinna zabdoM dvArA athavA bhinna-bhinna zailiyoM dvArA vividha DhaMga se kiyA gayA ho kintu usameM koI maulika bheda nahIM hai / acelaka va sacelaka donoM paramparAoM ke granthoM meM jahA~ aMgoM kA paricaya AtA hai vahA~ unake viSaya tathA pada-parimANa yA nirdeza karane vAle ullekha upalabdha hote haiM | aMgoM kA granthAgra arthAt zlokaparimANa kitanA hai, yaha aba dekheM / bRhapinikA nAmaka eka prAcIna jainagranthasUcI upalabdha hai / yaha Aja se lagabhaga cAra sau varSa pUrva likhI gaI mAlUma hotI hai / isameM vividha viSaya vAle aneka granthoM kI zlokasaMkhyA batAI gaI hai, sAtha hI lekhanasamaya va granthalekhaka kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / grantha savRttika hai athavA nahIM, jaina hai athavA ajaina, grantha para anya kitanI vRttiyA~ haiM, Adi bAteM bhI isameM milatI | aMgaviSayaka jo kucha jAnakArI isameM dI gaI hai usakA kucha upayogI sArAMza nIce diyA jAtA hai' : 90 AcArAMga - zlokasaMkhyA 2525, sutrakRtAMga - zlokasaMkhyA 2100, sthAnAMga - zlokasaMkhyA 3600, samavAyAMga -- zlokasaMkhyA 1667, bhagavatI ( vyAkhyAprajJapti ) - zlokasaMkhyA 15752 ( ikatAlIsa zatakayukta ), jJAtadharmakathA -- zlokasaMkhyA 5400, upAsakadazA -- zlokasaMkhyA 812, aMtakRddazA - zlokasaMkhyA 899, anuttaraupapAtikadazA - zlokasaMkhyA 192, praznavyAkaraNa - zlokasaMkhyA 1256, vipAkasUtra - zlokasaMkhyA 1216; samasta aMgoM kI zlokasaMkhyA 35339 / nAma-nirdeza : tatvArtha sUtra ke bhASya meM kevala aMgoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai / isameM pAMcaveM aMga kA nAma 'bhagavatI' na dete hue 'vyAkhyAprajJapti' diyA gayA hai / bArahaveM aMga kA bhI nAmollekha kiyA gayA hai / acelaka paramparAbhimata pUjyapAdakRta sarvArthasiddhi nAmaka tattvArthavRtti meM aMgoM ke jo nAma diye haiM unameM thor3A antara hai / isameM jJAtadharmakathA ke bajAya jJAtRdharmakathA, upAsakadazA ke bajAya upAsakAdhyayana, aMtakRddazA ke bajAya aMtakRddazam evaM anuttaraupapAtikadazA ke bajAya anuttaropapAdikadazam nAma hai / dRSTivAda ke bhedarUpa pA~ca nAma batAye haiM : parikarma, sUtra, prathamAnuyoga, pUrvaMgata evaM cUlikA / inameM se pUrvagata ke bhedarUpa caudaha nAma isa prakAra haiM : 1. utpAdapUrva, 2. agrAyaNIya, 3. vIryAnupravAda, 4. astinAstipravAda, 5. jJAnapravAda, 6. satyapravAda, 1. jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, prathama bhAga, pR0 105.

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aMga granthoM kA bAhya paricaya 91 1 7. AtmapravAda, 8. karmapravAda, 9. pratyAkhyAna 10. vidyAnupravAda, 11. kalyANa, 12. prANAvAya, 13. kriyAvizAla, 14. lokabindusAra / isI prakAra akalaMkakRta tattvArtharAjavArtika meM phira thor3A parivartana hai / isameM antakRddazam evaM anuttaropapAdikazam ke sthAna para phira antakRddazA evaM anuttaraupapAdikadazA kA prayoga huA hai / zrutasAgarakRta vRtti meM jJAtRdharmakathA ke sthAna para kevala jJAtRkathA kA prayoga hai / isameM antakRddazam evaM anuttaraupapAdikadazam nAma milate haiM / gommaTasAra nAmaka grantha meM dvitIya aMga kA nAma suddayaDa hai, paMcama aGga kA nAma vikkhApaNatti hai, SaSTha aGga kA nAma nAhassa dhammakahA hai, aSTama aMga kA nAma antayaDadasA hai / aMgapaNNatti nAmaka grantha meM dvitIya aMga kA nAma sUdayaDa, paMcama aMga kA nAma vivAyapaNNatta ( saMskRtarUpa 'vipAkaprajJapti' diyA huA hai ) evaM SaSTha aMga kA nAma nAhadhammakA hai / dRSTivAda ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki isameM 363 dRSTiyoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / sAtha hI kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, ajJAnavAda evaM vinayavAda ke anuyAyiyoM ke mukhya-mukhya nAma bhI diye gaye haiM / ye saba nAma prAkRta meM haiM / rAjavArtika meM bhI isI prakAra ke nAma batAye gaye haiM / vahA~ ye saba saMskRta meM haiM / ina donoM sthAnoM ke nAmoM meM kucha-kucha antara A gayA hai / isa prakAra donoM paramparAoM meM aMgoM ke jo nAma batAye gaye haiM unameM koI vizeSa antara dikhAI nahIM detA / sacelaka paramparA ke samavAyAMga, nandIsUtra evaM pAkSikasUtra meM aMgoM ke jo nAma Aye haiM unakA ullekha karane ke bAda donoM paramparAoM ke granthoM meM prasiddha ina saba nAmoM meM jo kucha parivartana huA hai usakI carcA kI jAegI / samavAyAMga Adi meM ye nAma isa prakAra haiM 1. samavAyAMga 2. nandI sUtra 3. pAkSikasUtra ( prAkRta ) 1. AyAre 2. sUyagaDe 3. ThANe 4. samavAo, samAe 5. vivAhapannattI vivAhe 6. NAyAdhamma - kahAo ( prAkRta ) AyAro sUyagaDo ThANa samavAo, samAe vivAhapannattI vivAhe NAyAdhamma kahAo ( prAkRta ) AyAro sUDo ThANaM samavAo, samAe vinApannattI vivAhe NAyAdhamma kahAo -: 4. tattvArthabhASya. ( saMskRta ) AcAraH sUtrakRtam sthAnam samavAyaH vyAkhyAprajJaptiH jJAtadharmakathA.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa dazA 7. uvAsagadasAo uvAsagadasAo uvAsagadasAo upAsakAdhyayanadazA 8. antagaDadasAo antagaDadasAo antagaDadasAo antakRddazA 9. aNuttarovavAiya- aNuttarovavAiya- aNuttarovavAiya- anuttaropapAtika dasAo dasAo dasAo 10. paNhAvAgaraNAiM paNhAvAgaraNAiM paNhAvAgaraNAiM / praznavyAkaraNam 11. vivAgasuLe vivAgasuaM vivAgasuaM vipAkazrutam 12. diTTivA diThivAo diThivAo dRSTipAtaH ina nAmoM meM koI vizeSa bheda nahIM hai / jo thor3A bheda dikhAI detA hai vaha kevala vibhakti ke pratyaya athavA ekavacana-bahuvacana kA hai / paMcama aMga kA saMskRta nAma vyAkhyAprajJapti hai / ise dekhate hue usakA prAkRta nAma viyAhapannatti honA cAhie jabaki sarvatra prAyaH vivAhapannati rUpa hI dekhane ko milatA hai| pratilipi-lekhakoM kI asAvadhAnI va artha ke ajJAna ke kAraNa hI aisA huA mAlUma hotA hai| ati prAcIna granthoM meM viyAhapannati rUpa milatA bhI hai jo ki vyAkhyAprajJapti kA zuddha prAkRta rUpa hai / ___ saMskRta jJAtadharmakathA va prAkRta nAyAdhammakahA athavA NAyAdhammakahA meM koI antara nahIM hai / 'jJAta' kA prAkRta meM 'nAya' hotA hai evaM samAsa meM 'dIrghahrasvI mitho vRttau' (8.14-hemaprA0 vyA0) isa niyama dvArA 'nAya' ke hrasva 'ya' kA dIrgha 'yA' hone para 'nAyA' ho jAtA hai / acelaka paramparA meM nAyAdhammakahA ke bajAya jJAtRdharmakathA, jJAtRkathA, nAhassa dhammakahA, nAhadhammakahA Adi nAma pracalita haiM / ina zabdoM meM nAmamAtra kA arthabheda hai / jJAtadharmakathA athavA jJAtAdharmakathA kA artha hai jinameM jJAta arthAt udAharaNa pradhAna hoM aisI dharmakathAe~ / athavA jisa grantha meM jJAtoM vAlI arthAt udAharaNoM vAlI evaM dharmavAlI kathAe~ hoM vaha jJAtAdharmakathA hai| jJAtRdharmakathA kA artha hai jisameM jJAta arthAt jJAtA athavA jJAtavaMza ke bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA kahI huI dharmakathAe~ hoM vaha grantha / yahI artha jJAtRkathA kA bhI hai / nAhassa dhammakahA athavA nAhadhammakahA bhI nAyadhammakahA kA hI ekarUpa mAlUma hotA hai| uccAraNa kI gar3abar3I va lipi-lekha ke pramAda ke kAraNa 'nAya' zabda 'nAha' ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gayA pratIta hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vaMza kA nAma nAya-nAta-jJAta-jJAtR hai| jJAtRvaMzotpanna bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita dharmakathAoM ke AdhAra para bhI jJAtRdharmakathA Adi nAma phalita kiye jA sakate haiN| dvitIya aMga kA saMskRta nAma sUtrakRta hai| rAjavAtika Adi meM bhI isI nAma kA nirdeza hai| dhavalA evaM jayadhavalA meM sUdayada, gommaTasAra meM suddayaDa tathA

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aMga granthoM kA bAhya paricaya aMgapaNNatti meM sUdayaDa nAma milate haiN| sacelaka paramparA meM suttagaDa athavA sUyagaDa nAma kA ullekha milatA hai| ina saba nAmoM meM koI antara nahIM hai| kevala zaurasenI bhASA ke cihna ke rUpa meM acelaka paramparA meM 'ta' athavA 'ta' ke bajAya 'da' athavA 'ha' kA prayoga huA hai| paMcama aMga kA nAma dhavalA va jayadhavalA meM viyAhapaNNati tathA gommaTasAra meM vivAyapaNNatti hai jo saMskRtarUpa vyAkhyAprajJapti kA hI rUpAntara hai / aMgapaNNatti meM vivAyapaNNatti athavA vivAgapaNNatti nAma batAyA gayA hai evaM chAyA meM vipAkaprajJapti zabda rakhA gayA hai / isameM mudraNa kI azuddhi pratIta hotI hai / mUla meM vivAhapaNNatti honA caahie| aisA hone para chAyA meM vyAkhyAprajJapti rakhanA cAhie / yahA~ bhI Adi pada viyAha' ke sthAna para asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa 'vivAya' ho gayA pratIta hotA hai| sacelaka paramparA meM saMskRta meM vyAkhyAprajJapti evaM prAkRta meM viyAhapaNNatti suprasiddha hai| paMcama aMga kA yahI nAma ThIka hai| aisA hote hue bhI vRttikAra abhayadevasUri ne vivAhapaNNatti va vivAhapaNNatti nAma svIkAra kie haiM evaM vivAhapaNNatti kA artha kiyA hai vivAhaprajJapti arthAt jJAna ke vividha pravAhoM kI prajJapti aura vivAhapaNNatti kA artha kiyA hai vibAdhaprajJapti arthAt binA bAdhA vAlI--pramANasiddha prajJapti / zrI abhayadeva ko viyAhapaNNatti, vivAhapaNNatti evaM vibAhapaNNatti-ye tIna pATha mile mAlUma hote haiN| inameM se viyAhapaNNatti pATha ThIka hai / zeSa do pratilipi-lekhaka kI truTi ke pariNAmarUpa haiN| AcArAdi aMgoM ke nAmoM kA artha : AyAra-prathama aMga kA AcAra-AyAra nAma tadgata viSaya ke anurUpa hI hai / isake prathama vibhAga meM AMtarika va bAhya donoM prakAra ke AcAra kI carcA hai| suttagaDa-sUtrakRta kA eka artha hai sUtroM dvArA arthAt prAcIna sUtroM ke AdhAra se banAyA huA athavA saMkSipta sUtroM-vAkyoM dvArA banAyA huaa| isakA dUsarA artha hai sUcanA dvArA arthAt prAcIna sacanAoM ke AdhAra para banAyA huA / isa nAma se grantha ke viSaya kA spaSTa patA nahIM laga sktaa| isase isakI racanApaddhati kA patA avazya lagatA hai| ThANa-sthAna va samavAya nAma AcAra kI bhA~ti sphuTArthaka nahIM ki jinheM sunate hI artha kI pratIti ho jAya / jaina sAdhuoM kI saMkhyA ke lie 'ThANA' zabda jaina paramparA meM supracalita hai / yahA~ kitane 'ThANe' hai ? isa prakAra ke prazna kA artha saba jaina samajhate haiM / isa prazna meM prayukta 'ThANA' ke artha kI hI bhA~ti tRtIya aMga 'ThANa' kA bhI artha saMkhyA hI hai / 'samavAya' nAma kI bhI yahI sthiti hai / isa nAma se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki isameM bar3I saMkhyA kA samavAya hai| isa prakAra

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ThANa nAmaka tRtIya aMga jaina tattva-saMkhyA kA nirUpaNa karane vAlA hai evaM samavAya nAmaka caturtha aMga jaina tattva ke samavAya kA arthAt bar3I saMkhyA vAle tattva kA nirUpaNa karane vAlA hai| viyAhapaNNatti-vyAkhyAprajJapti nAmaka paMcama aMga kA artha Upara batAyA jA cukA hai / yaha nAma granthagata viSaya ke anurUpa hai| NAyAdhammakahA-jJAtadharmakathA nAma kathAsUcaka hai, yaha nAma se spaSTa hai / isa kathAgrantha ke viSaya meM bhI Upara kahA jA cukA hai / uvAsagadasA-upAsakadazA nAma se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki yaha aMga upAsakoM se sambandhita hai| jaina paribhASA meM 'upAsaka' zabda jainadharmAnuyAyI zrAvakoMgRhasthoM ke lie rUr3ha hai| upAsaka ke sAtha jo 'dazA' zabda jur3A huA hai vaha daza-dasa saMkhyA kA sUcaka hai athavA dazA-avasthA kA dyotaka bhI ho sakatA hai| yahA~ donoM artha samAnarUpa se saMgata haiN| upAsakadazA nAmaka saptama aMga meM dasa upAsakoM kI dazA kA varNana hai| aMtagaDadasA-jinhoMne AdhyAtmika sAdhanA dvArA rAga-dveSa kA anta kiyA hai tathA mukti prApta kI hai ve antakRta haiN| unase sambandhita zAstra kA nAma aMtagaDadasA-aMtakRtadazA hai / isa prakAra aSTama aMga kA aMtakRtadazA nAma sArthaka hai / aNuttarovavAiyadasA-isI prakAra anuttaropapAtikadazA athavA anuttaraupapAdikadazA nAma bhI sArthaka hai / jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra svarga meM bahuta U~cA anuttaravimAna nAmaka eka devaloka hai| isa vimAna meM janma grahaNa karane vAle tapasviyoM kA vRttAnta isa anuttaropapAtikadazA nAmaka navama aMga meM upalabdha hai / isakA 'dazA' zabda bhI saMkhyAvAcaka va avasthAvAcaka donoM prakAra kA hai| Upara jo aupapAtika va aupapAdika ye do zabda Aye haiM una donoM kA artha eka hI hai / jaina va bauddha donoM paramparAoM meM upapAta athavA upapAda kA prayoga devoM va nArakoM ke janma ke lie huA hai| paNhAvAgaraNAI-praznavyAkaraNa nAma ke prAraMbha kA 'prazna' zabda sAmAnya prazna ke artha meM nahIM apitu jyotiSazAstra, nimittazAstra Adi se sambandhita artha meM prayukta huA hai| isa prakAra ke praznoM kA vyAkaraNa jisameM kiyA gayA ho usakA nAma praznavyAkaraNa hai / upalabdha praznavyAkaraNa ke viSayoM ko dekhate hue yaha nAma sArthaka pratIta nahIM hotaa| prazna kA sAmAnya artha carcA kiyA jAya arthAt hiMsA-ahiMsA, satya-asatya Adi se sambandhita carcA ke artha meM prazna zabda liyA jAya to vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa sArthaka nAma vAlA kahA jA sakatA hai|

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aMga granthoM kA bAhya paricaya vivAgasuya-gyArahaveM aMga kA nAma hai vipAkazruta, vipAkasUtra, vivAyasua, vivAgasuya athavA vivAgasutta / ye saba nAma ekArthaka evaM samAna haiM / vipAka zabda kA prayoga pAtaMjala yogadarzana evaM cikitsAzAstra meM bhI huA hai| cikitsAzAstra kA vipAka zabda khAnapAna ityAdi ke vipAka kA sUcaka hai| yahA~ vipAka kA yaha artha na lete hue AdhyAtmika artha lenA cAhie arthAta sadasat pravRtti dvArA hone vAle AdhyAtmika saMskAra ke pariNAma kA nAma hI vipAka hai / pApapravRtti kA pariNAma pApavipAka hai evaM puNyapravRtti kA pariNAma puNyavipAka hai| prastuta aMga kA vipAkazrata nAma sArthaka hai kyoMki isameM isa prakAra ke vipAka ko bhogane vAle logoM ko kathAoM kA saMgraha hai| didivAya-bArahavAM aMga dRSTivAda ke nAma se prasiddha hai| yaha abhI upalabdha nahIM hai / ataH isake viSayoM kA hameM ThIka-ThIka patA nahIM hai / dRSTi kA artha hai darzana aura vAda kA artha hai carcA / isa prakAra dRSTivAda kA zabdArtha hotA hai darzanoM kI carcA / isa aMga meM pradhAnatayA dArzanika carcAe~ rahI hoMgI, aisA grantha nAma se pratIta hotA hai| isake pUrvagata vibhAga meM caudaha pUrva samAviSTa haiM jinake nAma pahale ginAye jA cuke hai / ina pUrvo ko likhane meM kitanI syAhI kharca huI hogI, isakA aMdAja lagAne ke lie sacelaka paramparA meM eka majedAra kalpanA kI gaI hai| kalpasUtra ke arvAcIna vRttikAra kahate haiM ki prathama pUrva ko likhane ke lie eka hAthI ke vajana jitanI syAhI cAhie dvitIya pUrva ko likhane ke lie do hAthiyoM ke vajana jitanI, tRtIya ke lie cAra hAthiyoM ke vajana jitanI, caturtha ke lie ATha hAthiyoM ke vajana jitanI, isa prakAra uttarottara dugunI-dugunI karate-karate aMtima pUrva ko likhane ke lie ATha hajAra eka sau bAnabe hAthiyoM ke vajana jitanI syAhI cAhie / kucha muniyoM ne gyAraha aMgoM tathA caudaha pUrvo kA adhyayana kevala bAraha varSa meM kiyA hai, aisA ullekha vyAkhyAprajJapti meM AtA hai| itanA vizAla sAhitya itane alpa samaya meM kaise par3hA gayA hogA? yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai| ise dhyAna meM rakhate hue uparyukta kalpanA ko mahimAvardhaka va atizayoktipUrNa kahanA anucita na hogaa| itanA avazya hai ki pUrvagata sAhitya kA parimANa kAphI vizAla rahA hai| ___ sthAnAMgasUtra meM bArahaveM aMga ke dasa paryAyavAcI nAma batAye haiM : 1. dRSTivAda, 2. hetuvAda, 3. bhUtavAda, 4. tathyavAda, 5. samyagvAda, 6. dharmavAda 7. bhASAvicaya athavA bhASAvijaya, 8. pUrvagata, 9. anuyogagata aura 10. sarvajIva 1. sthAnAMga, 10.742.

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jana sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sukhAvaha / inameM se AThavA~ va navavA nAma dRSTivAda ke prakaraNavizeSa ke sUcaka hai| inheM aupacArika rUpa se daSTivAda ke nAmoM meM ginAyA gayA hai| aMgoM kA pada-parimANa : aMgasUtroM kA pada-parimANa donoM paramparAoM ke granthoM meM upalabdha hai| sacelaka paramparA ke grantha samavAyAMga, nandI Adi meM aMgoM kA pada-parimANa batAyA gayA hai| isI prakAra acelaka paramparA ke dhavalA, gommaTasAra Adi granthoM meM aMgoM kA pada-parimANa upalabdha hai| ise vibhinna tAlikAoM dvArA yahA~ spaSTa kiyA jAtA hai :

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Jain Education Internacional aMga granthoM kA bAhya paricaya tAlikA-1 sacelaka paramparA gyAraha aMga aMga kA nAma 2. samavAyAMgagata 3. nandigatapadasaMkhyA 4. samavAyAMga-vRtti 5. nandi vRtti padasaMkhyA 1. AcArAMga aThAraha hajAra pada aThAraha hajAra pada aThAraha hajAra pada nandI. ke vRttikAra ne saba samavAyAMga AcArAMga kI niyukti tathA zIlAMka- kI vRtti ke anusAra hI likhA hai| kRta vRtti meM likhA hai ki AcArAMga sAtha meM isake samarthana meM nandI sUtra ko ke prathama zrutaskandha ke (nau adhyayanoM cUNi kA pATha diyA hai / ke) aThAraha hajAra pada haiM evaM dvitIya zrutaskandha ke isase bhI adhika haiN| 2. sUtrakRtAMga chattIsa hajAra pada chattIsa hajAra pada samavAyAMga ke mUla ke anusAra hI nandI ke mUla ke anusAra hI 13. sthAnAMga bahattara hajAra pada ___ bahattara hajAra pada ____ samavAyAMga ke mUla ke anusAra hI nandI ke mUla ke anusAra hI 4. samavAyAMga eka lAkha cauA- eka lAkha cauA- ____ samavAyAMga ke mUla ke anusAra hI nandI ke mUla ke anusAra hI lIsa hajAra pada lIsa hajAra pada 5. vyAkhyAprajJapti caurAsI hajAra pada do lAkha aThAsI samavAyAMga ke mUla ke anusAra hI nandI ke mUla ke anusAra hI hajAra pada

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6. jJAtAdharmakathA saMkhyeya hajAra pada saMkhyeya hajAra pada pAMca lAkha chihattara hajAra pada athavA samavAyAMga kI vRtti ke anusAra hI sUtrAlApakarUpa saMkhyeya hajAra pada saba samajhanA cAhie / vizeSatayA upasargapada, nipAtapada, nAmikapada, AkhyAtapada evaM mizrapada kI apekSA se pAMca lAkha chihattara hajAra pada samajhane cAhie / gyAraha lAkha bAvana hajAra pada gyAraha lAkha bAvana hajAra pada athavA sUtrAlApakarUpa saMkhyeya hajAra pada teIsa lAkha cAra hajAra pada saMkhyeya hajAra pada arthAta teIsa lAkha cAra hajAra pada chiyAlIsa lAkha ATha hajAra pada chiyAlIsa lAkha ATha hajAra pada 7. upAsakadazA saMkhyeya lAkha pada saMkhyeya hajAra pada 8. aMtakRddazA saMkhyeya hajAra pada saMkhyeya hajAra pada saMkhyeya hajAra pada 9. anuttaraupa- saMkhyaya lAkha pada hai pAtikadazA 10. praznavyAkaraNa saMkhyeya lAkha pada 11. vipAkasUtra saMkhyeya lAkha pada saMkhyeya hajAra pada saMkhyeya hajAra pada bAnabe lAkha solaha hajAra pada eka karor3a caurAsI lAkha battIsa hajAra pada bAnabe lAkha solaha hajAra pada eka karor3a caurAsI lAkha battIsa hajAra pada jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa

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aMga granthoM kA bAhya paricaya tAlikA-2 sacelaka paramparA bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda ke caudaha pUrva 1. pUrva kA 2. samavAyAMga- 3. naMdigata 4. samavA nAma gata padasaMkhyA padasaMkhyA yAMga-vRtti 1. utpAda x eka karor3a pada 2. agrAyaNIya x x chiyAnabe lAkha 5. naMdi-vRtti x eka karor3a pada chiyAnabe lAkha pada x x sattara lAkha pada sattara lAkha pada 3. vIrya pravAda 4. astinAstipravAda x x sATha lAkha pada sATha lAkha pada 5. jJAnapravAda x x 6. satyapravAda '7. AtmapravAda 8. karmapravAda x x x xx x 9. pratyAkhyAnapada x 10. vidyAnuvAda x x eka kama eka eka kama eka karor3a pada karor3a pada x eka karor3a chaH pada eka karor3a chaH pada x chabbIsa karor3a pada chabbIsa karor3a pada x eka karor3a assI eka karor3a assI hajAra pada hajAra pada x caurAsI lAkha pada caurAsI lAkha pada x eka karor3a dasa lAkha eka karor3a dasa lAkha pada pada x chabbIsa karor3a pada chabbIsa karor3a pada ___x eka karor3a chappana eka karor3a chappana lAkha pada lAkha pada x nau karor3a pada nau karor3a pada x sAr3he bAraha karor3a sAr3he bAraha karor3a 11. avaMdhya x 12. prANAyu x 13. kriyAvizAla x 14. lokabindusAra x pada pada

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100 1. aMga kA nAma 1. AcArAMga 2. sUtrakRtAMga 3. sthAnAMga 4. samavAyAMga 5. vyAkhyAprajJapti 6. jJAtAdharmakathA 7. upAsakadazA 8. antakRddazA 9. anuttaraupapAtikadazA 10. praznavyAkaraNa 11. vipAkazruta 1. pUrva kA nAma 1. utpAda 2. agrAyaNa - agrAyaNIya 3. vIryapravAda - vIryAnu pravAda tAlikA-3 acelaka paramparA gyAraha aMga 2. padaparimANa 18000 36000 42000 164000 228000 556000 1170000 2328000 9244000 9316000 18400000 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa tAlikA -4 acelaka paramparA caudaha pUrva 2. padasaMkhyA eka karor3a pada chiyAnabe lAkha pada sattara lAkha pada 3. kisa grantha meM nirdeza dhavalA, jayadhavalA, gommaTa sAra evaM aMgapaNNatta "1" 17 31 "" "1 13 11 39 " 11 3. kisa grantha meM nirdeza gommaTa dhavalA, jayadhavalA, sAra evaM aMgapaNNatta 11 17

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aMga granthoM kA bAhya paricaya 101 1. pUrva kA nAma 2. padasaMkhyA 3. kisa grantha meM nirdeza 4. astinAstipravAda sATha lAkha pada dhavalA, jayadhavalA, gommaTa sAra evaM aMgapaNNatti 5. jJAnapravAda eka kama eka karor3a pada 6. satyapravAda eka karor3a chaH pada 7. AtmapravAda chabbIsa karor3a pada 8. karmapravAda eka karor3a assI lAkha pada 9. pratyAkhyAna caurAsI lAkha pada 10. vidyAnuvAda-vidyAnu- eka karor3a dasa lAkha pada pravAda 11. kalyANa (avandhya) chabbIsa karor3a pada 12. prANavAda-prANAvAya (prANAyu) teraha karor3a pada 13. kriyAvizAla nau karor3a pada 14. lokabindusAra bAraha karor3a pacAsa lAkha pada pUrvo kI padasaMkhyA meM donoM paramparAoM meM atyadhika sAmya hai| gyAraha aMgoM kI padasaMkhyA meM vizeSa bheda hai| sacelaka paramparA meM yaha saMkhyA prathama aMga se prArambha hokara Age kramazaH duganI-dugunI hotI gaI mAlama hotI hai| acelaka paramparA ke ullekhoM meM aisA nahIM hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha aMgasUtroM ko padasaMkhyA uparyukta donoM prakAra kI padasaMkhyA se bhinna hai / prathama aMga meM aThAraha hajAra pada batAye gaye haiN| AcArAMga (prathama aMga) ke do vibhAga haiM : prathama zrutaskandha va pAMca cUlikAoM sahita dvitIya zrutaskandha / inameM se pAMcavIM cUlikA nizItha sUtrarUpa eka svatantra graMtha hI hai| ataH yaha yahA~ abhipreta nahIM hai / dUsare zabdoM meM yahAM kevala cAra cUlikAoM sahita dvitIya zrutaskandha hI vivakSita hai| aba prazna yaha hai ki upayukta aThAraha hajAra pada donoM zrutaskaMdhoM ke haiM athavA kevala prathama zrutaskandha ke ? isa viSaya meM AcArAMga-niyuktikAra, AcArAMga-vRttikAra, samavAyAMga vRttikAra evaM nandi-vRttikAra-ye cAroM ekamata haiM ki aThAraha hajAra pada kevala prathama zrutaskandha ke haiM / dvitIya zrutaskandha ko padasaMkhyA alaga hI hai| samavAyAMga va nandI sUtra ke mUlapATha meM jahA~ padasaMkhyA batAI gaI hai vahA~ isa prakAra kA koI spaSTIkaraNa nahIM kiyA

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102 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa gayA hai| vahA~ kevala itanA hI batAyA gayA hai ki AcArAMga ke do zrutaskandha haiM, pacIsa adhyayana haiM, pacAsI uddezaka haiM, pacAsI samuddezaka hai, aThAraha hajAra pada haiM, saMkhyeya akSara haiN| isa pATha ko dekhate hue yahI niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki aThAraha hajAra pada pUre AcArAMga ke arthAt AcArAMga ke donoM zrutaskandhoM ke haiM, kisI eka zru taskandha ke nahIM / jisa prakAra pacIsa adhyayana, pacAsI uddezaka Adi donoM zrutaskandhoM ke milAkara hai usI prakAra aThAraha hajAra pada bhI donoM zrutaskandhoM ke milAkara hI haiM / pada kA artha : pada kyA hai ? pada kA svarUpa batAte hue vizeSAvazyaka bhASyakAra' kahate haiM ki pada artha kA vAcaka evaM dyotaka hotA hai| baiThanA, bolanA, azva, vRkSa ityAdi pada vAcaka haiN| pra, pari, ca, vA ityAdi pada dyotaka hai / athavA pada ke pAMca prakAra haiM : nAmika, naipAtika, aupasargika, AkhyAtika va mizra / azva, vRkSa Adi nAmika haiN| khalu, hi ityAdi naipAtika haiN| pari, apa, anu, Adi aupasargika haiM / daur3atA hai, jAtA hai, AtA hai ityAdi AkhyAtika haiN| saMyata, pravardhamAna, nivartamAna Adi pada mizra haiN| isI prakAra anuyogadvAravRtti', agastyasiMhaviracita dazavaikAlikacUNi, haribhadra kRta dazavakAlikavRtti, zIlAMkakRta AcArAMgavRtti' Adi meM pada kA sodAharaNa svarUpa batAyA gayA hai / prathama karmagrantha kI sAtavIM gAthA ke antargata pada kI vyAkhyA karate hue devendrasUri kahate haiM :-"padaM tu arthasamAptiH ityAdhuktisadbhAve'pi yena kenacit padena aSTAdazapadasahasrAdipramANA AcArAdigranthA goyante tadiha gRhyate, tasyaiva dvAdazAGgazrutaparimANe'dhikRtatvAt zrutabhedAnAmeva ceha prastutatvAt / tasya ca padasya tathAvidhAmnAyAbhAvAt pramANaM na jJAyate / " arthAt arthasamApti kA nAma pada hai kintu prastuta meM jisa kisI pada se AcArAMga Adi graMthoM ke aThAraha hajAra evaM yathAkrama adhika pada samajhane cAhie / aise hI pada kI isa zru tajJAnarUpa dvAdazAMga ke parimANa meM carcA hai| isa prakAra ke pada ke parimANa ke sambandha meM hamAre pAsa koI paramparA nahIM hai ki jisase pada kA nizcita svarUpa jAnA jA ske| 1. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gA. 1003, pR. 467. 2. pR0 243-4. 3. pR0 9. 4. prathama adhyayana kI prathama gAthA. 5. prathama zrutaskandha kA prathama sUtra.

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aMga granthoM kA bAhya paricaya 103 naMdI Adi meM ullikhita padasaMkhyA aura sacelaka paramparA ke AcArAMgAdi vidyamAna granthoM kI upalabdha zlokasaMkhyA ke samanvaya kA kisI bhI TIkAkAra ne prayatna nahIM kiyA hai / acelaka paramparA ke rAjavAtika, sarvArthasiddhi evaM zlokavAtika meM etadviSayaka koI ullekha nahIM hai| jayadhavalA meM pada ke tIna prakAra batAye gaye haiM : pramANapada, arthapada va madhyamapada / ATha akSaroM ke parimANa vAlA pramANapada hai| aise cAra pramANapadoM kA eka zloka hotA hai / jitane akSaroM dvArA artha kA bodha ho utane akSaroM vAlA arthapada hotA hai| 16348307888 akSaroM vAlA madhyamapada kahalAtA hai| dhavalA, gommaTasAra evaM aMgapaNNatti meM bhI yahI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| AcArAMga Adi meM padoM kI jo saMkhyA batAI gaI hai unameM pratyeka pada meM itane akSara samajhane caahie| isa prakAra AcArAMga ke 18000 padoM ke akSaroM kI saMkhyA 294269541984000 hotI hai| aMgapaNNatti Adi meM aisI saMkhyA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / sAtha hI AcArAMga ke aThAraha hajAra padoM ke zlokoM kI saMkhyA 91959231187000 batAI gaI hai / isI prakAra anya aMgoM ke zlokoM evaM akSaroM ko saMkhyA bhI batAI gaI hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha aMgoM se na to sacelakasaMmata padasaMkhyA kA aura na acelakasaMmata padasaMkhyA kA mela hai| bauddha granthoM meM unake piTakoM ke parimANa ke viSaya meM ullekha upalabdha hai| majjhimanikAya, dIghanikAya, saMyuttanikAya Adi kI jo sUtrasaMkhyA batAI gaI hai usameM bhI vartamAna meM upalabdha sUtroM kI saMkhyA se pUrA mela nahIM hai / vaidika paramparA meM 'zatazAkhaH sahasrazAkhaH' isa prakAra kI ukti dvArA vedoM kI saikar3oM-hajAroM zAkhAe~ mAnI jAtI haiN| brAhmaNoM, AraNyakoM, upaniSadoM tathA mahAbhArata ke lAkhoM zloka hone kI mAnyatA pracalita hai| purANoM ke bhI itane hI zloka hone kI kathA pracalita hai / aMgoM kA krama : ___gyAraha aMgoM ke krama meM sarvaprathama AvArAMga hai| AcArAMga ko krama meM sarvaprathama sthAna denA sarvathA upayukta hai kyoMki saMghavyavasthA meM sabase pahale AcAra kI vyavasthA anivArya hotI hai| AcArAMga kI prAthamikatA ke viSaya meM do bhinna-bhinna ullekha milate haiM / ' koI kahatA hai ki pahale pUrvo kI racanA huI bAda meM AcArAMga Adi bne| koI kahatA hai ki sarvaprathama AcArAMga banA va bAda meM anya racanAe~ huiiN| cUrNikAroM evaM vRttikAroM ne ina do paraspara virodhI ullekhoM 1. AcArAMganiyukti, gAthA 8-9; AcArAMgavRtti, pR0 5.

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104 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kI saMgati biThAne kA ApekSika prayAsa kiyA hai| phira bhI yaha mAnanA vizeSa upayukta evaM buddhigrAhya hai ki sarvaprathama AcArAMga kI racanA huii| 'pUrva' zabda ke artha kA AdhAra lekara yaha kalpanA ko jAtI hai ki pUrvo kI racanA pahale huI, kintu yaha bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki inameM bhI AcArAMga Adi zAstra samAviSTa hI haiM / ataH pUrta meM bhI sarvaprathama AcAra kI vyavasthA na kI gaI ho, aisA kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? 'pUrva' zabda se kevala itanA hI dhvanita hotA hai ki usa saMghapravartaka ke sAmane koI pUrva paramparA athavA pUrva paramparA kA sAhitya vidyamAna thA jisakA AdhAra lekara usane samayAnusAra athavA paristhiti ke anusAra kucha parivartana ke sAtha naI AcAra-yojanA isa prakAra taiyAra kI ki jisake dvArA navanirmita saMgha kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa ho sake / bhAratIya sAhitya meM bhASA Adi kI dRSTi se veda sabase prAcIna haiM, aisA vidvAnoM kA nizcita mata hai| purANa Adi bhASA vagairaha kI dRSTi se bAda kI racanA mAnI gaI hai| aisA hote hue bhI 'purANa' zabda dvArA jo prAcInatA kA bhAsa hotA hai usake AdhAra para vAyupurANa meM kahA gayA hai ki brahmA ne saba zAstroM se pahale purANoM kA smaraNa kiyaa| usake bAda unake mukha se veda nikale / ' jaina paramparA meM saMbhavataH isI prakAra kI kalpanA ke AdhAra para pUrvo ko prathama sthAna diyA gayA ho| cUMki pUrva hamAre sAmane nahIM haiM ataH unakI racanA Adi ke viSaya meM vizeSa kucha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| AcArAMga ko sarvaprathama sthAna dene meM prathama evaM pramukha hetu hai usakA viSaya / dUsarA hetu yaha hai ki jahA~-jahA~ aMgoM ke nAma Aye haiM vahA~-vahA~ mUla meM athavA vRtti meM sabase pahale AcArAMga kA hI nAma AyA hai| tIsarA hetu yaha hai ki isake nAma ke prathama ullekha ke viSaya meM kisI ne koI visaMvAda athavA virodha khar3A nahIM kiyaa| __ AcArAMga ke bAda jo sUtrakRtAMga Adi nAma Aye haiM unake krama kI yojanA kisane kisa prakAra kI, isakI carcA ke lie hamAre pAsa koI ullekhanIya sAdhana nahIM haiN| itanA avazya hai ki sacelaka va acelaka donoM paramparAoM meM aMgoM kA ekahI krama hai / isameM AcArAMga kA nAma sarvaprathama AtA hai va bAda meM sUtrakRtAMga Adi kaa| 1. prathamaM sarvazAstrANAM purANaM brahmaNA smRtam / anantaraM ca vaktrebhyo vedAstasya viniHsRtAH / / --vAyupurANa (patrAkAra), patra 2.

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aMga granthoM kA bAhya paricaya 105 aMgoM kI zailI va bhASA: zailI kI dRSTi se prathama aMga meM gadyAtmaka va padyAtmaka donoM prakAra kI zailI hai| dvitIya aMga meM bhI isI prakAra kI zailI hai| tIsare se lekara gyArahaveM aMga taka gadyAtmaka zailI kA hI avalambana liyA gayA hai| inameM kahIM eka bhI padya nahIM hai, aisA to nahIM kahA jA sakatA kintu pradhAnataH ye saba gadya meM hI hai| inameM bhI jJAtAdharmakathA Adi meM to vasudevahiMDI athavA kAdambarI kI gadyazailI ke samakakSa kahI jA sake aisI gadyazailI kA upayoga huA hai| yaha zailI unake racanA-samaya para prakAza DAlane meM bhI samartha hai| hamAre sAhitya meM padyazailI ati prAcIna hai tathA kAvyAtmaka gadyazailI isakI apekSA arvAcIna hai| gadya ko yAda rakhanA bahuta kaThina hotA hai isalie gadyAtmaka granthoM meM yatratatra saMgraha-gAthAe~ de dI jAtI haiM jinase viSaya ko yAda rakhane meM sahAyatA milatI hai / jaima graMthoM para bhI yahI bAta lAgU hotI hai / ___ isa prasaMga para yaha batAnA Avazyaka hai ki AcArAMga sUtra meM padyasaMkhyA alpa nahIM hai| kintu ati prAcIna samaya se calI Ane vAlI hamAre pUrvajoM kI eta. dviSayaka anabhijJatA ke kAraNa vartamAna meM AcArAMga kA aneka bAra mudraNa hote hue bhI usameM gadya-padyavibhAga kA pUrNatayA pRthakkaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakA / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vRttikAra zIlAMka ko bhI etadviSayaka pUrNa paricaya na thaa| inase pUrva vidyamAna cUrNikAroM ke viSaya meM bhI yahI bAta kahI jA sakatI hai| vartamAna mahAn saMzodhaka zrI zubriga ne ati parizramapUrvaka AcArAMga ke samasta padyoM kA pRthakkaraNa kara hama para mahAn upakAra kiyA hai| kheda hai ki isa prakAra kA saMskaraNa apane samakSa rahate hue bhI hama nava mudraNa Adi meM usakA pUrA upayoga nahIM kara sake / AcArAMga ke padya triSTubh, jagatI ityAdi vaidika padyoM se milate hue haiN| __ bhASA kI dRSTi se jaina AgamoM kI bhASA sAdhAraNatayA ardhamAgadhI kahI jAtI hai| vaiyAkaraNa ise ArSa prAkRta kahate haiN| jaina paramparA meM zabda arthAt bhASA kA vizeSa mahattva nahIM hai| jo kucha mahattva hai vaha artha arthAt bhAva kA hai| isIlie jaina zAstroM meM bhASA para kabhI jora nahIM diyA gyaa| jaina zAstroM meM spaSTa batAyA gayA hai ki citra-vicitra bhASAe~ manuSya kI cittazuddhi va AtmavikAsa kA nirmANa nahIM krtiiN| jIvana kI zuddhi kA nirmANa to sat vicAroM dvArA hI hotA hai / bhASA to vicAroM kA kevala vAhana arthAt mAdhyama hai / ataH mAdhyama ke atirikta bhASA kA koI mUlya nahIM / paramparA se calA Ane vAlA sAhitya bhASA kI dRSTi se parivartita hotA AyA hai| ataH isameM prAkRta bhASA

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kA eka svarUpa sthira rahA huA hai, yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isIlie AcArya hemacandra ne jaina AgamoM kI bhASA ko ArSa prAkRta nAma diyA hai| prakaraNoM kA viSayanirdeza : AcArAMga ke mUla sUtroM ke prakaraNoM kA viSayanirdeza niyuktikAra ne kiyA hai, yaha unhIM kI sUjha pratIta hotI hai| sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga evaM vizeSAvazyakabhASya va hAribhadrIya AvazyakavRtti Adi meM aneka sthAnoM para isa prakAra ke krama kA athavA adhyayanoM ke nAmoM kA spaSTa ullekha milatA hai| samavAyAMga evaM naMdI ke mUla meM to kevala prakaraNoM kI saMkhyA ho dI gaI hai| ataH ina sUtroM ke kartAoM ke sAmane nAmavAra prakaraNoM kI paramparA vidyamAna raho hogI athavA nahIM, yaha nizcita nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ina nAmoM kA paricaya sthAnAMga Adi granthoM meM milatA hai / ataH yaha nizcita hai ki aMgagranthoM ko granthabaddha-pustakArUDha karane vAle athavA aMgagranthoM para niyukti likhane vAle ko isakA paricaya avazya rahA hogaa| paramparA kA AdhAra : AcArAMga ke prAraMbha meM hI aisA vAkya AtA hai ki 'una bhagavAn ne isa prakAra kahA hai|' isa vAkya dvArA sUtrakAra ne isa bAta kA nirdeza kiyA hai ki yahAM jo kucha bhI kahA jA rahA hai vaha guru-paramparA ke anusAra hai, svakalpita nhiiN| isa prakAra ke vAkya anya dharma paramparAoM ke zAstroM meM bhI milate haiM / bauddha piTaka granthoM meM pratyeka prakaraNa ke Adi meM 'evaM me sutaM / eka samayaM bhagavA ukkaTAyaM viharati subhagavane sAlarAjamUle |''is prakAra ke vAkya Ate haiM / vaidika paramparA meM bhI isa prakAra ke vAkya milate haiM / Rgveda kI RcAoM meM aneka sthAnoM para pUrva paramparA kI sUcanA dene ke lie 'agniH pUrvebhiH RSibhiH IDayaH nUtanaiH uta' yoM kaha kara paramparA ke lie 'pUrvebhiH' athavA 'nUtanaH' ityAdi pada rakhane kI prathA svIkAra kI gaI hai| upaniSadoM meM kahIM praznottara kI paddhati hai to kahIM amuka RSi ne amuka ko kahA, isa prakAra kI prathA svIkRta hai / sUtrakRtAMga Adi meM AcArAMga se bhinna prakAra kI vAkyaracanA dvArA pUrva paramparA kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| paramatoM kA ullekha : aMgasUtroM meM aneka sthAnoM para 'ege pavayamANA' aisA kahate hue sUtrakAra ne paramatoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| paramata kA vizeSa nAma dene kI prathA na hote hue bhI usa mata ke vivecana se nAma kA patA laga sakatA hai| buddha kA nAma sUtra1. majjhimanikAya kA prArambha.

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aMga granthoM kA bAhya paricaya 107 kRtAMga meM spaSTa diyA huA hai / isake atirikta makkhaliputra gozAla ke AjIvika mata kA bhI spaSTa nAma AtA hai| kahIM para annautthiyA-anyayUthikA. arthAt anya gaNa vAle yoM kahate haiM, isa prakAra kahate hue paramata kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| AcArAMga meM to nahIM kintu sUtrakRtAMga Adi meM kucha sthAnoM para bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke ziSyoM ke lie athavA pArvatIrtha ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie 'pAsAvaccijjA' evaM 'pAsasthA' zabdoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai / AjIvika mata ke AcArya gozAlaka ke chaH dizAcara sahAyaka the / ina dizAcaroM ke sambandha meM prAcIna TIkAkAroM evaM cUrNikAroM ne kahA hai ki ye pAsattha arthAt pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke the| kucha sthAnoM para anya mata ke anuyAyiyoM ke kAlAdAyI Adi nAma bhI Aye haiN| anya mata ke liye sarvatra 'mithyA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai arthAt anyatIthika jo isa prakAra kahate haiM vaha mithyA hai, yoM kahA gayA hai / AcArAMga meM hiMsA-ahiMsA kI carcA ke prasaMga para 'pAvAduyA--prAvAdukAH' zabda bhI anya mata ke vAdiyoM ke lie prayukta huA hai| jahA~-kahIM bhI anya mata kA nirAsa kiyA gayA hai vahAM kisI vizeSa prakAra kI tArkika yuktiyoM kA prayoga nahIMvat hai / 'aisA kahane vAle manda haiM, bAla haiM, Arambha-samAraMbha tathA viSayoM meM phaMse hue haiN| ve dIrghakAla taka bhavabhramaNa karate rheNge|' isa prakAra ke AkSepa hI adhikatara dekhane ko milate haiM / artha kI vizeSa spaSTatA ke lie yatra-tatra udAharaNa, upamAe~ va rUpaka bhI diye gaye haiM / sUryagrahaNAdi se sambandhita tatkAlIna mithyA dhAraNAoM kA nirasana karane kA bhI prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| U~ca-nIca kI jAtigata kalpanA kA bhI nirAsa kiyA gayA hai| bauddha piTakoM meM isa prakAra kI kuzraddhAoM ke nirasana ke lie jisa vizada carcA evaM tarkapaddhati kA upayoga huA hai usa koTi kI carcA kA aMgasUtroM meM abhAva dikhAI detA hai / viSaya-vaividhya : aMgagranthoM meM nimnokta viSayoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai : svarga-narakAdi paraloka, sUrya candrAdi jyotiSka deva, jambUdvIpAdi dvIpa, lavaNAdi samudra, vividha prakAra ke garbha va janma, paramANu-kaMpana, paramANu kI sAMzatA Adi / isa prakAra ina sUtroM meM kevala adhyAtma evaM usakI sAdhanA kI hI carcA nahIM hai apitu tatsambaddha anya aneka viSayoM kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| inameM kahIM bhI yaha nahIM kahA gayA hai ki amuka prazna to avyAkRta hai arthAt usakA vyAkaraNa-spaSTIkaraNa nahIM ho sktaa| yahA~ taka ki muktAtmA evaM nirvANa ke viSaya meM bhI vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| tatkAlIna samAjavyavasthA, vidyAbhyAsa kI paddhati, rAjyasaMsthA, rAjAoM ke vaibhava-vilAsa, madyapAna, gaNikAoM kA rAjyasaMsthA meM sthAna, vividha prakAra kI sAmAjika praNAliyA~, yuddha, vAdavivAda, alaMkArazAlA, kSaurazAlA,

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108 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa jaina muniyoM kI AcAra-praNAlI, anya mata ke tApasoM va parivrAjakoM kI veSabhUSA, dIkSA tathA AcAra-praNAlI, aparAdhI ke lie daNDa-vyavasthA, jeloM ke vividha prakAra, vyApAra vyavasAya, jaina va ajaina upAsakoM kI caryA, manautI manAne va purI karane kI paddhatiyAM, dAsaprathA, indra, rudra, skanda, nAga, bhUta, yakSa, ziva, vaizramaNa, hariNegameSI Adi deva, vividha-kalAe~, nRtya, abhinaya, labdhiyAM, vikurvaNAzakti, svarga meM hone vAlI coriyAM Adi, nagara, udyAna, samavasaraNa ( dharmasabhA ), devAsura-saMgrAma, vanaspati Adi vividha jIva, unakA AhAra, zvAsocchvAsa, AyuSya, adhyavasAya Adi aneka viSayoM para aMgagranthoM meM paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai / jaina paramparA kA lakSya : jaina tIrthaMkaroM kA lakSya nirvANa hai| vItarAgadazA kI prApti unakA antima evaM pradhAnatama dhyeya hai| jainazAstra kathAoM dvArA, tattvacarcA dvArA athavA svarganaraka, sUrya-candra Adi ke varNana dvArA isI kA nirUpaNa karate haiN| jaba vedoM kI racanA huI taba vaidika paramparA kA mukhya dhyeya svargaprApti thaa| isI dhyeya ko lakSya meM rakhakara vedoM meM vividha karmakAMDoM kI yojanA kI gaI hai| unameM hiMsAahiMsA, satya-asatya, madirApAna-apAna ityAdi kI carcA gauNa hai| dhIre-dhIre cintanapravAha ne svargaprApti ke sthAna para nirvANa, vItarAgatA evaM sthitaprajJatA ko pratiSThita kiyaa| bAhya karmakAMDa bhI isI dhyeya ke anukUla bane / aisA hote hue bhI isa navIna parivartana ke sAtha-sAtha prAcIna paramparA bhI calatI rahI / isI kA pariNAma hai ki jo dhyeya nahIM hai athavA antima sAdhya nahIM hai aise svarga ke varNanoM ko bhI bAda ke zAstroM meM sthAna milA / Rgveda ke prAraMbha meM dhanaprApti kI icchA se agni kI stuti kI gaI hai jabaki AcArAMga ke prathama vAkya meM maiM kyA thA ? ityAdi prakAra se AtmarUpa vyakti ke svarUpa kA cintana hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke prArambha meM bandhana va mokSa ko carcA kI gaI hai evaM batAyA gayA hai ki parigraha bandhana hai| thor3e se bhI parigraha para mamatA rakhane vAlA duHkha de dUra nahIM raha sktaa| isa prakAra jaina paramparA ke mUla meM AtmA va aparigraha hai / isameM svargaprApti kA mahattva nahIM hai| jainagranthoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki sAdhaka kI sAdhanA meM jaba koI doSa raha jAtA hai tabhI use svargarUpa saMsAra meM bhramaNa karanA par3atA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM svarga saMyama kA nahIM apitu saMyamagata doSa kA pariNAma hai / svargaprApti ko bhavabhramaNa kA nAma dekara yaha sUcita kiyA hai ki jaina paramparA meM svarga kA koI mUlya nahIM hai / aMgasUtroM meM jitanI bhI kathAe~ AI haiM saba meM sAdhakoM ke nirvANa ko hI pramukha sthAna diyA gayA hai|

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prakaraNa aMga graMthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga viSaya acelakatA va sacelakatA AcAra ke paryAya prathama zrutaskaMdha ke adhyayana dvitIya zrutaskaMdha kI cUlikAe~ eka rocaka kathA padyAtmaka aMza AcArAMga kI vAcanAe~ AcArAMga ke kartA aMgasUtroM kI vAcanAe~ devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa mahArAja khAravela AcArAMga ke zabda brahmacarya evaM brAhmaNa caturvarNa sAta varNa va nava varNAntara zastraparijJA AcArAMga meM ullikhita paramata nirgranthasamAja AcArAMga ke vacanoM se milate vacana AcArAMga ke zabdoM se milate zabda jANai-pAsai kA prayoga bhASAzailI ke rUpa meM vasupada vaMda AmagaMdha Asrava va parisrava varNAbhilASA

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- 110 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa muniyoM ke upakaraNa mahAvIra caryA kucha subhASita dvitIya zrutaskaMdha AhAra bhikSA ke yogya kula utsava ke samaya bhikSA bhikSA ke lie jAte samaya rAjakuloM meM makkhana, madhu, madya va mAMsa sammilita sAmagrI grAhya jala agrAhya bhojana zayyaiSaNA Itha bhASAprayoga vastradhAraNa pAtraiSaNA avagrahaiSaNA malamUtravisarjana zabdazravaNa va rUpadarzana para kriyAniSedha mahAvIra carita mamatvamukti vItarAgatA evaM sarvajJatA

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tRtIya prakaraNa aMgagranthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga aGgoM ke bAhya paricaya meM aGgagranthoM kI zailI, bhASA, prakaraNa-krama tathA viSaya-vivecana kI carcA kI gii| aMtaraMga paricaya meM nimnokta pahaluoM para prakAza DAlA jAegA : (1) acelaka va sacelaka donoM paramparAoM ke granthoM meM nirdiSTa aGgoM ke viSayoM kA ullekha va unakI vartamAna viSayoM ke sAtha tulanA / ( 2 ) aGgoM ke mukhya nAmoM tathA unake adhyayanoM ke nAmoM kI carcA / (3) pAThAntaroM, vAcanAbhedoM tathA chandoM ke viSaya meM nirdeza / (4) aGgoM meM upalabdha upodghAta dvArA unake kartRtva kA vicAra / ( 5 ) aGgoM meM Ane vAle kucha AlApakoM ko cUrNi, vRtti ityAdi ke anu. sAra tulanAtmaka carcA / ( 6 ) aGgoM meM Ane vAle anyamatasambandhI ullekhoM kI carcA / (7) aMgoM meM Ane vAle vizeSa prakAra ke varNana, vizeSa nAma, nagara ityAdi ke nAma tathA sAmAjika evaM aitihAsika ullekha / (8) aGgoM meM prayukta mukhya-mukhya zabdoM ke viSaya meM nirdeza / acelaka paramparA ke rAjavArtika, dhavalA, jayadhavalA, gommaTasAra, aGgapaNNatti Adi granthoM meM batAyA hai ki AcArAMga' meM manazuddhi, vacanazuddhi, kAyazuddhi, 1. ( a ) prathama zrutaskandha-W. Schubring, Leipzig, 1910. jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka samiti; pUnA, san 1924. (A) niyukti tathA zIlAMka, jinahaMsa va pArzvacandra kI TIkAoM ke sAtha dhanapata siMha, kalakattA, vi0 saM0 1936. (i) niyukti va zIlAMka kI TIkA ke sAtha-Agamodaya samiti, sUrata, vi0 saM0 1972-1973. (I ) aMgrejI anuvAda-H. Jacobi, S. B. E. Series; Vol. 22, Oxford 1884. (u) mUla-H. Jacobi, Pali Text Society, London 1882. (U) prathama zrutaskandha kA jarmana anuvAda-Worte Mahavira, w. Schubring, Leipzig; 1926.

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112 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhikSAzuddhi, IryAzuddhi, utsargazuddhi, zayanAsanazuddhi tathA vinayazuddhi -- ina ATha prakAra kI zuddhiyoM kA vidhAna hai / sacelaka paramparA ke samavAyAMga sUtra meM batAyA gayA hai nirgranyasambandhI AcAra, gocara, vinaya, vainayika, sthAna, gamana, caMkramaNa, pramANa, yogayojanA, bhASA, samiti, gupti, zayyA, upadhi, AhAra- pAnIsambandhI udgama, utpAda, eSaNAvizuddhi evaM zuddhazuddhagrahaNa, vrata, niyama, tapa, upadhAna, jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra tathA vIryAcAraviSayaka suprazasta vivecana AcArAMga meM upalabdha hai / naMdI sUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki AcArAMga meM zramaNa nirgranthoM ke AcAra, gocara vinaya, vainayika, zikSA, bhASA, abhASA, caraNakaraNa, yAtrA, mAtrA tathA vividha abhigrahaviSayaka vRttiyoM evaM jJAnAcArAdi pA~ca prakAra ke AcAra para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / samavAyAMga va nandI sUtra meM AcArAMga ke viSaya kA nirUpaNa karate hue prAraMbha meM hI 'AyAra-goyara' ye do zabda rakhe gaye haiM / ye zabda AcArAMga ke prAraMbhika adhyayanoM meM nahIM milte| vimoha athavA vimokSa nAmaka aSTama adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka meM 'AyAra-goyara' aisA ullekha milatA hai / isI adhyayana ke dUsare uddezaka meM 'AyAragoyaraM Aikkhe' isa vAkya meM bhI AcAra- gocaraviSayaka nirUpaNa hai / aSTama adhyayana meM sAdhaka zramaNa ke khAnapAna tathA vastrapAtra ke viSaya (R) gujarAtI anuvAda - ravajIbhAI devarAja, jaina priMTiMga presa, ahamadAbAda, san 1902 va 1906. (e) gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda -gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, navajIvana kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 1992. ( ai ) hindI anuvAda sahita - amolakaRSi, haidarAbAda, vI0 saM0 2446. ( o ) prathama zrutaskandha kA gujarAto anuvAda - muni saubhAgyacandra (saMtabAla ) mahAvIra sAhitya prakAzana maMdira, ahamadAbAda, san 1936. ( au ) saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI - gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha - muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, san 1957. ( a ) hindI chAyAnuvAda - gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, zve. sthA. jaina kaoNnphareMsa, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1994. ( a ) prathama zrutaskandha kA baMgAlI anuvAda - hIrAkumArI, jaina zve0 terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, vi0 saM0 2009.

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aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga 113 meM bhI carcA hai| isameM usake nivAsasthAna kA bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai / sAtha hI acelaka-yathAjAta zramaNa tathA usakI manovRtti kA bhI nirUpaNa hai / isI prakAra ekavastradhArI, dvivastradhArI tathA trivastradhArI bhikSuoM evaM unake kartavyoM va manovRttiyoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isa AcAra-gocara kI bhUmikArUpa AdhyAtmika yogyatA para hI prAraMbhika adhyayanoM meM bhAra diyA gayA hai / viSaya : vartamAna AcArAMga meM kyA uparyukta viSayoM kA nirUpaNa hai ? yadi hai to kisa prakAra ? uparyukta rAjavArtika Adi granthoM meM AcArAMga ke jina viSayoM kA ullekha hai ve itane vyApaka va sAmAnya hai ki gyAraha aMgoM meM se pratyeka aMga meM kisI na kisI prakAra unakI carcA AtI hI hai / inakA sambandha kevala AcArAMga se hI nahIM hai| acelaka paramparA ke rAjavAtika Adi granthoM meM AcArAMga ke zrutaskandha, adhyayana Adi ke viSaya meM koI ullekha nahIM milatA / unameM kevala usakI padasaMkhyA ke viSaya meM ullekha AtA hai| sacelaka paramparA ke samavAyAMga tathA nandIsUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki AcArAMga ke do zrutaskandha haiM, pacIsa adhyayana haiM / inameM padasaMkhyA ke viSaya meM bhI ullekha milate haiM / AcArAMga ke do zrutaskandhoM meM se prathama zrutaskandha kA nAma 'brahmacarya' hai| isake nau adhyayana hone ke kAraNa ise 'navabrahmacarya' kahA gayA hai| dvitIya zru taskandha prathama zra taskandha kI cUlikArUpa hai| isakA dUsarA nAma 'AcArAna' bhI hai / vartamAna meM pracalita paddhati ke anusAra ise prathama zru taskandha kA pariziSTa bhI kaha sakate haiN| rAjavAtika Adi granthoM meM AcArAMga kA jo viSaya batAyA gayA hai vaha dvitIya zra taskandha meM akSarazaH mila jAtA hai / isa sambandha meM niyuktikAra va vRttikAra kahate haiM ki sthavira puruSoM ne ziSyoM ke hita kI dRSTi se AcArAMga ke prathama zru taskandha ke aprakaTa artha ko prakaTa kara-vibhAgazaH spaSTa kara cUlikArUpa-AcArAgrarUpa dvitIya zru taskandha kI racanA kI hai| navabrahmacarya ke prathama adhyayana 'zastraparijJA' meM samAraMbhasamAlaMbha athavA AraMbha-AlaMbha arthAt hiMsA ke tyAgarUpa saMyama ke viSaya meM jo vicAra sAmAnya taura para rakhe gaye haiM unhIM kA yathocita vibhAga kara dvitIya zrutaskandha meM paMca mahAvratoM evaM unakI bhAvanAoM ke sAtha hI sAtha saMyama kI ekavidhatA, dvividhatA Adi kA va cAturyAma, paMcayAma, rAtribhojanatyAga ityAdi kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyayana 'lokavijaya' ke pAMcaveM uddezaka meM AnevAle 'savvAmagaMdhe parinnAya nirAmagaMdhe parivvae' tathA 'adissamANe kaya-vikka. esa' ina vAkyoM meM evaM AThaveM vimokSa athavA vimoha nAmaka adhyayana ke dvitIya uddezaka meM Ane vAle 'se bhikkhU parakkamejja vA cidrUjja vA""susANaMsi

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114 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa vA rukkhamUlaMsi vA...' isa vAkya meM jo bhikSucaryA saMkSepa meM batAI gaI hai use dRSTi meM rakhate hue dvitIya zru taskandha meM ekAdaza piNDaSaNAoM kA vistAra se vicAra kiyA gayA hai / isI prakAra dvitIya adhyayana ke paMcama uddezaka meM nirdiSTa 'vatthaM paDiggaha kaMbalaM pAyapUchaNaM oggahaM ca kaDAsaNaM' ko mUlabhUta mAnate hue vastraSaNA, pAtraSaNA, avagrahapratimA, zayyA Adi kA AcArAna meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| pA~caveM adhyayana ke caturtha uddezaka ke 'gAmANugAma duijjamANassa' isa vAkya meM AcAracUlikA ke sampUrNa IryA adhyayana kA mUla vidyamAna hai / dhUta nAmaka chaThe adhyayana ke pAMcaveM uddezaka ke 'Aikkhe vibhae kiTTe veyavI' isa vAkya meM dvitIya zru taskandha ke 'bhASAjAta' adhyayana kA mUla hai / isa prakAra navabrahmacaryarUpa prathama zru taskandha AcAracUlikArUpa dvitIya zrutaskandha kA AdhArastambha hai / prathama zrutaskandha ke upadhAnazru ta nAmaka nauveM adhyayana ke do uddezakoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI caryA kA aitihAsika dRSTi se ati mahattvapUrNa varNana hai / yaha varNana jainadharma kI bhittirUpa AMtarika evaM bAhya aparigraha ko dRSTi se bhI atyanta mahattva kA hai / vaidika paramparA ke hisArUpa AlaMbhana kA sarvathA niSedha karane vAlA evaM ahiMsA ko hI dharmarUpa batAne vAlA zastraparijJA nAmaka prathama adhyayana bhI kama mahattva kA nahIM hai| isameM hisArUpa snAnAdi zaucadharma ko cunautI dI gaI hai| sAtha hI vaidika va bauddha paramparA ke muniyoM kI hisArUpa caryA ke viSaya meM bhI sthAna-sthAna para vivecana kiyA gayA hai evaM 'sarva prANoM kA hanana karanA cAhie' isa prakAra kA kathana anAryoM kA hai tathA 'kisI bhI prANa kA hanana nahIM karanA cAhie' isa prakAra kA kathana AryoM kA hai, isa mata kI puSTi kI gaI hai / 'avareNa puvvaM na saraMti ege', 'tahAgayA u' ityAdi ullekhoM dvArA tathAgata buddha ke mata kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / 'yato vAco nivartante' jaise upaniSad-vAkyoM se milate-julate 'savve sarA niyaTTati, takkA jattha na vijjai' ityAdi vAkyoM dvArA AtmA kI agocaratA batAI gaI hai| acelaka-sarvathA nagna, eka vastradhArI, dvivastradhArI, tathA trivastradhArI bhikSuoM kI caryA se sambandhita mahattvapUrNa ullekha prathama zrutaskandha meM upalabdha haiN| ina ullekhoM meM sacelakatA aura acelakatA kI saMgatirUpa sApekSa maryAdA kA pratipAdana hai / prathama zrutaskandha meM Ane vAlI sabhI bAteM jainadharma ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se, jainamuniyoM kI caryA kI dRSTi se evaM samagra jainasaMgha ko aparigrahAtmaka vyavasthA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiM / acelakatA va sacelakatA : __ bhagavAn mahAvIra kI upasthiti meM acelakatA-sacelakatA kA koI vizeSa vivAda na thaa| sudharmAsvAmI ke samaya meM bhI acelaka va sacelaka prathAoM kI

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aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga saMgati thii| AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM acelaka arthAt vastrarahita bhikSu ke viSaya meM to ullekha AtA hai kintu karapAtrI arthAt pANipAtrI bhikSu ke sambandha meM koI spaSTa ullekha dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| vIranirvANa ke hajAra varSa bAda saMkalita kalpasUtra ke sAmAcArI-prakaraNa kI 253, 254 evaM 255 vIM kaMDikA meM 'pANipaDiggahiyassa bhikkhassa' ina zabdoM meM pANipAtrI athavA karapAtrI bhikSu kA spaSTa ullekha upalabdha hotA hai va Age kI kaMDikA meM 'paDiggahadhArissa bhikkhussa' ina zabdoM meM pAtradhArI bhikSu kA bhI ullekha hai| isa prakAra sacelaka paramparA ke Agama meM acelaka va sacelaka kI bhA~ti karapAtrI evaM pAtradhArI bhikSa oM kA bhI spaSTa ullekha hai| AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM vastradhArI bhikSa oM ke viSaya meM vizeSa vivecana AtA hai / isameM sarvathA acelaka bhikSu ke sambandha meM spaSTa rUpa se koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| vaise mUla meM to bhikSu evaM bhikSu NI jaise sAmAnya zabdoM kA hI prayoga huA hai| kintu jahAM-jahAM bhikSu ko aise vastra lene cAhie, aise vastra nahIM lene cAhie, aise pAtra lene cAhie, aise pAtra nahIM lene cAhieityAdi caryA kA vidhAna hai vahA~ sacelaka athavA pANipAtra bhikSa kI caryA ke viSaya meM koI spaSTa nirdeza nahIM hai| isase yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki dvitIya zrutaskandha kA jhukAva sacelaka prathA kI ora hai / sambhavataH isIlie svayaM niyuktikAra ne isakI racanA kA dAyitva sthaviroM para DAlA hai| sudharmAsvAmI kA jhukAva donoM paramparAoM kI sApekSa saMgati kI ora mAlUma par3atA hai / isa jhukAva kA pratibimba prathama zrutaskandha meM dikhAI detA hai| dUsarA anumAna yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki nagnatA tathA sacelakatA ( jIrNavastradhAritva athavA alpavastradhAritva ) donoM prathAoM kI mAnyatA hone ke kAraNa jo samudAya apanI zArIrika, mAnasika athavA sAmAjika paristhitiyoM evaM maryAdAoM ke kAraNa sacelakatA kI ora jhukane lagA ho usakA pratinidhitva dUsare zrutaskandha meM kiyA gayA ho| jisa yuga kA yaha dvitIya zrutaskandha hai usa yuga meM bhI acelakatA samAdaraNIya mAno jAtI thI evaM sacelakatA kI ora jhukA huA samudAya bhI acelakatA ko eka viziSTa tapazcaryA ke rUpa meM dekhatA thA evaM apanI amuka maryAdAoM ke kAraNa vaha svayaM usa ora nahIM jA sakatA thaa| etadviSayaka aneka pramANa aGgazAstroM meM Aja bhI upalabdha haiM / aMgasAhitya meM acelakatA evaM sacelakatA donoM prathAoM kA sApekSa samarthana milatA hai| acelaka arthAt yathAjAta evaM sacelaka arthAt alpavastradhArI-ina donoM prakAra ke sAdhaka zramaNoM meM amuka prakAra kA zramaNa apane ko adhika utkRSTa samajhe

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116 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa evaM dUsare ko apakRSTa samajhe, yaha ThIka nhiiN| yaha bAta AcArAna ke mUla meM hI kahI gaI hai / vRttikAra ne bhI apane zabdoM meM isI Azaya ko adhika spaSTa kiyA hai| unhoMne tatsambandhI eka prAcIna gAthA bhI uddhRta kI hai jo isa prakAra hai : jo vi duvatthativattho bahuvattha acelao va saMtharai / nahu te hIlaMti paraM savve vi a te jiNANAe / -dvitIya zrutaskandha, sU0 286, pR0 327 para vRtti. koI cAhe dvivastradhArI ho, trivastradhArI ho, bahuvastradhArI ho athavA nirvastra ho kintu unheM eka-dUsare kI avahelanA nahIM karanI caahie| nirvastra aisA na samajhe ki maiM utkRSTa haiM aura ye dvivastradhArI Adi apakRSTa haiN| isI prakAra dvivastradhArI Adi aisA na samajheM ki hama utkRSTa haiM aura yaha trivastradhArI yA nirvastra zramaNa apakRSTa haiM . unheM eka-dUsare kA apamAna nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki ye sabhI jina bhagavAn kI AjJA kA anusaraNa karane vAle haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki nirvastra va vastradhArI donoM ke prati mUla sUtrakAra se lagA kara vRttikAraparyanta samasta AcAryoM ne apanA samabhAva vyakta kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM Ane vAle kezI-gautamoya nAmaka 23 veM adhyayana ke saMvAda meM bhI isI tathya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / AcAra ke paryAya : jahA~-jahA~ dvAdazAMga arthAt bAraha aMgagraMthoM ke nAma batAye gaye haiM, sarvatra prathama nAma AcArAMga kA AtA hai| AcAra ke paryAyavAco nAma niyuktikAra ne isa prakAra batAye haiM : AyAra, AcAla, AgAla, Agara, AsAsa, Ayarisa, aMga, AiNNa, AjAti evaM AmokSa / ina dasa nAmoM meM Adi ke do nAma bhinna nahIM apitu eka hI zabda ke do rUpAntara haiM / 'AcAla' ke 'ca' kA lopa nahIM huA hai jabaki 'AyAra' meM 'ca' lupta hai| isake atirikta AcAla' meM mAgadhI bhASA ke niyama ke anusAra 'ra' kA 'la' huA hai / 'AgAla' zabda bhI 'AyAra' se bhinna mAlUma nahIM pdd'taa| 'ya' tathA 'ga' kA prAcIna lipi kI apekSA se mizraNa honA saMbhava hai tathA vartamAna hastapratiyoM meM prayukta prAcIna devanAgarI lipi ko apekSA se bhI inakA mizraNa asambhava nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM 'AyAra' ke bajAya 'AgAla' kA vAcana saMbhava hai| isI prakAra 'AgAla' evaM 'Agara' bhI bhinna mAlUma nahIM par3ate / 'AgAra' zabda ke 'gA' ke 'A' kA hrasva hone para 'Agara' evaM 'AgAra' ke 'ra' kA 'la' hone para 'AgAla' honA sahaja hai / 'AiNNa' ( AcIrNa ) nAma meM 'cara' dhAtu ke bhUtakRdaMta kA prayoga huA hai| ise dekhate hue 'AyAra' ke antargata

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aMgagranthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga 117 isa nAma kA bhI samAveza ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra AyAra, AcAla, AgAla, Agara evaM AiNNa bhinna-bhinna zabda nahIM apitu eka hI zabda ke vibhinna rUpAntara haiM / AsAsa, Ayarisa, aMga, AjAti evaM AmokSa zabda AyAra zabda se bhinna haiN| inameM se 'aMga' zabda kA sambandha pratyeka ke sAtha rahA huA hai jaise AyAraaMga athavA AyAraMga ityAdi / AyAra-AcAra sUtra zru tarUpa puruSa kA eka viziSTa aMga hai ataH ise AyAraMga-AcArAMga kahA jAtA hai / 'AjAti' zabda sthAnAMgasUtra meM do arthoM meM prayukta huA hai : janma ke artha meM va AcAradazA nAmaka zAstra ke dasaveM adhyayana ke nAma ke rUpa meN| saMbhavataH AcAradazA va AcAra ke nAmasAmya ke kAraNa AcAradazA ke amuka adhyayana kA nAma samagra AcArAMga ke lie prayukta huA ho| AsAsa Adi zeSa zabdoM kI koI ullekhanIya vizeSatA pratIta nahIM hotii| prathama zrutaskandha ke adhyayana : navabrahmacaryarUpa prathama zrutaskandha ke nau adhyayanoM ke nAmoM kA nirdeza sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga meM upalabdha hai| isI prakAra kA anya ullekha AcArAMganiyukti ( gA0 31-2 ) meM bhI milatA hai| tadanusAra nau adhyayana isa prakAra haiM : 1. satthapariNNA ( zastraparijJA), 2. logavijaya ( lokavijaya ), 3. sIosaNijja (zItoSNIya ), 4. sammatta ( samyaktva ), 5. AvaMti (yAvantaH), 6. dhUa (dhUta), 7. vimoha (vimoha athavA vimokSa), 8. uvahANasua ( upadhAnazruta ), 9. mahApariNNA (mhaaprijnyaa)| naMdisUtra kI hAribhadrIya tathA malayagirikRta vRtti meM mahApariNNA kA krama AThavA~ tathA uvahANasua kA krama navavA hai| AcArAMga-niyukti meM dhUa ke bAda mahApariNA, usake bAda vimoha va usake bAda uvahANasua kA nirdeza hai / isa prakAra adhyayanakrama meM kucha antara hote hue bhI saMkhyA kI dRSTi se saba ekamata haiN| ina navoM adhyayanoM kA eka sAmAnya nAma navabrahmacarya bhI hai| yahA~ brahmacarya zabda vyApaka artha-saMyama ke artha meM prayukta huA hai / AcArAMga kI upalabdha vAcanA meM chaThA dhUa, sAtavAM mahApariNNA, AThavAM vimoha evaM navavAM uvahANasua--isa prakAra kA krama hai / niyuktikAra ne tathA vRttikAra zIlAMka ne bhI yahI krama svIkAra kiyA hai| prastuta carcA meM isI krama kA anusaraNa kiyA jaaegaa| upayukta nau adhyayanoM meM se prathama adhyayana kA nAma zastraparijJA hai| isameM kula milAkara sAta uddezaka--prakaraNa haiN| niyuktikAra ne ina uddezakoM kA viSayakrama nirUpaNa karate hue batAyA hai ki prathama uddezaka meM jIva ke astitva kA nirUpaNa hai tathA Age ke chaH uddezakoM meM pRthvIkAya Adi chaH jIvanikAyoM ke

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118 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa AraMbha-samAraMbha kI carcA hai| ina prakaraNoM meM zastra zabda kA aneka bAra prayoga kiyA gayA hai evaM laukika zastra kI apekSA sarvathA bhinna prakAra ke zastra ke abhidheya kA spaSTa parijJAna karAyA gayA hai| ataH zabdArtha kI dRSTi se bhI isa adhyayana kA zastraparijJA nAma sArthaka hai / dvitIya adhyayana kA nAma lokavijaya hai| isameM kula chaH uddezaka haiN| kucha sthAnoM para 'gaDhie loe, loe pavvahie, logavipassI, viittA loga, vaMtA logasannaM, logassa kammasamAraMbhA' isa prakAra ke vAkyoM meM 'loka' zabda kA prayoga to milatA hai kintu sAre adhyayana meM kahIM bhI 'vijaya' zabda kA prayoga nahIM dikhAI detaa| phira bhI samagra adhyayana meM lokavijaya kA hI upadeza hai, aisA kahA jA sakatA hai| yahAM vijaya kA artha lokaprasiddha jIta hI hai / loka para vijaya prApta karanA arthAt saMsAra ke mUla kAraNarUpa krodha, mAna, mAyA va lobha-ina cAra kaSAyoM ko jiitnaa| yahI isa adhyayana kA sAra hai / niyuktikAra ne isa adhyayana ke chahoM uddezakoM kA jo viSayAnukrama batAyA hai vaha usI rUpa meM upalabdha hai / vRttikAra ne bhI usI kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| isa adhyayana kA mukhya uddezya vairAgya bar3hAnA, saMyama meM dRr3ha karanA, jAtigata abhimAna ko dUra karanA, bhogoM kI Asakti se dUra rakhanA, bhojanAdi ke nimitta hone vAle AraMbhasamAraMbha kA tyAga karavAnA, mamatA chur3avAnA Adi hai / tRtIya adhyayana kA nAma sIosaNijja-zItoSNIya hai / isake cAra uddezaka haiN| zota arthAt zItalatA athavA sukha evaM uSNa arthAt paritApa athavA duHkha / prastuta adhyayana meM ina donoM ke tyAga kA upadeza hai / adhyayana ke prArambha meM hI 'sIosiNaccAI' (zItoSNatyAgI) aisA zabda-prayoga bhI upalabdha hai / isa prakAra adhyayana kA zItoSNIya nAma sArthaka hai| niyuktikAra ne cAroM uddezakoM kA viSayAnukrama isa prakAra batAyA hai : prathama uddezaka meM asaMyamI ko suptasote hue ko koTi meM ginA gayA hai| dUsare uddezaka meM batAyA hai ki isa prakAra ke supta vyakti mahAn duHkha kA anubhava karate haiN| tRtIya uddezaka meM kahA gayA hai ki zramaNa ke lie kevala duHkha sahana karanA arthAt dehadamana karanA hI paryApta nahIM hai| use cittazuddhi kI bhI vRddhi karate rahanA cAhie / caturtha adhyayana meM kaSAya-tyAga, pApakarma-tyAga evaM saMyamotkarSa kA nirUpaNa hai / yahI viSayakrama vartamAna meM bhI upalabdha hai| ___ caturtha adhyayana kA nAma sammatta--samyaktva hai| isake cAra uddezaka haiN| prathama uddezaka meM ahiMsAdharma kI sthApanA va samyaktvavAda kA nirUpaNa hai / dvitIya uddezaka meM hiMsA kI sthApanA karane vAle anya yUthikoM ko anArya kahA gayA hai

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aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga 119 evaM unase prazna kiyA gayA hai ki unheM mana kI anukUlatA sukharUpa pratIta hotI hai athavA mana kI pratikUlatA ? isa prakAra isa uddezaka meM bhI ahiMsAdharma kA hI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya uddezaka meM nirdoSa tapa kA arthAt kevala dehadamana kA nahIM apitu cittazuddhipoSaka akrodha, alobha, kSamA, saMtoSa Adi guNoM kI vRddhi karane vAle tapa kA nirUpaNa hai / caturtha uddezaka meM samyaktva kI prApti ke lie arthAt samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakacAritra evaM samyaktapa kI prApti ke lie yatna karane kA upadeza hai| isa prakAra yaha adhyayana samyaktva kI prApti ke lie preraNA dene vAlA hai| isameM aneka sthAnoM para 'sammattadaMsiNo, samma evaM ti' Adi vAkyoM meM sammatta-samyaktva zabda kA sAkSAt nirdeza bhI hai| isa prakAra prastuta adhyayana kA samyaktva nAma sArthaka hai / viSayAnukrama kI dRSTi se bhI niyuktikAra va sUtrakAra meM sAmya hai| niyuktikAra ke kathanAnusAra pAMcaveM adhyayana ke do nAma haiM : AvaMti va lokasAra / adhyayana ke prArambha meM, madhya evaM anta meM AvaMti zabda kA prayoga huA hai ata: ise AvaMti nAma de sakate haiN| isameM jo kucha nirUpaNa hai vaha samagraloka kA sArarUpa hai ataH ise lokasAra bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| adhyayana ke prArambha meM hI 'loka' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / anyatra bhI aneka bAra 'loka' zabda kA prayoga huA hai / samagra adhyayana meM kahIM bhI 'sAra' zabda kA prayoga dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / adhyayana ke anta meM zabdAtIta evaM buddhi va tarka se agamya Atmatattva kA nirUpaNa hai| yahI nirUpaNa sArarUpa hai, yoM samajha kara isakA nAma lokasAra rakhA gayA ho, yaha saMbhava hai| isake chaH uddezaka haiM / niyuktikAra ne inakA jo viSayakrama batAyA hai vaha Aja bhI usI rUpa meM upalabdha hai| inameM sAmAnya zramaNacaryA kA pratipAdana hai / chaThe adhyAya kA nAma dhUta hai| adhyayana ke Arambha meM ho 'agghAi se dhUyaM nANaM' isa vAkya meM dhUya-dhUta zabda kA ullekha hai / Age bhI 'dhUyavAyaM paveessAmi' yoM kaha kara dhUtavAda kA nirdeza kiyA hai| isa prakAra prastuta adhyayana kA dhUta nAma sArthaka hai| hamArI bhASA meM 'avadhUta' zabda kA jo artha pracalita hai vahI artha prastuta dhUta zabda kA bhI hai| isa adhyayana ke pA~ca uddezaka haiN| isameM tRSNA ko jhaTakane kA upadeza hai| AtmA meM jo sayaNa yAne sadana, zayana yA svajana, upakaraNa, zarIra, rasa, vaibhava, satkAra Adi kI tRSNA vidyamAna hai use jhaTaka kara sApha kara denA cAhie / sAtaveM adhyayana kA nAma mahAparinnA-mahAparijJA hai| yaha adhyayana vartamAna meM anupalabdha hai kintu isa para likhI gaI niyukti upalabdha hai| isase patA

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120 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa calatA hai ki niyuktikAra ke sAmane yaha adhyayana avazya rahA hogA / niyuktikAra ne 'mahAparinnA' ke 'mahA' evaM 'parinnA' ina do padoM kA nirUpaNa karane ke sAtha hI parinnA ke prakAroM kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA hai evaM antima gAthA meM batAyA hai ki sAdhaka ko devAMganA, narAMganA, va tiryaJcAMganA ina tInoM kA mana, vacana va kAyA se tyAga karanA cAhie / isa parityAga kA nAma mahAparijJA hai / isa adhyayana kA viSaya niyuktikAra ke zabdoM meM 'mohasamutthA parisahuvasaggA' arthAt mohajanya parISaha athavA upasarga haiM / isakI vyAkhyA karate hue vRttikAra zIlAMkadeva kahate haiM ki saMyamI zramaNa ko sAdhanA meM vighnarUpa se utpanna mohajanya parISahoM athavA upasargoM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karanA cAhie / strI - saMsarga bhI eka mohajanya parISaha hI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIrakRta AcAravidhAnoM meM brahmacarya arthAt trividha strI-saMsargatyAga pradhAna hai / paramparA se cale Ane vAle cAra yAmoM-cAra mahAvratoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne brahmacarya vrata ko alaga se jor3A / isase patA calatA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM etadviSayaka kitanI zithilatA rahI hogI / isa prakAra ke ugrazaithilya evaM AcArapatana ke yuga meM koI vighnasaMtoSI kadAcit isa adhyayana ke lopa meM nimitta banA ho to koI Azcarya nahIM / 1 AThaveM adhyayana ke do nAma mAlUma par3ate haiM : eka vimokkha athavA vimokSa aura dUsarA vimoha | adhyayana ke madhya meM 'icceyaM vimohAyayaNaM' tathA 'aNupuveNa vimohAI' va adhyayana ke anta meM 'vimohannayaraM hiyaM' ina vAkyoM meM spaSTa rUpa se 'vimoha' zabda kA ullekha hai / yahI zabdaprayoga adhyayana ke nAmakaraNa meM nimittabhUta mAlUma hotA hai / niyuktikAra ne nAma ke rUpa meM 'vimovakha - vimokSa' zabda kA ullekha kiyA hai / vRttikAra zIlAMkasUri mUla va niyukti donoM kA anusaraNa karate haiM / artha kI dRSTi se vimoha va vimokkha meM koI tAttvika bheda nahIM hai / prastuta adhyayana ke ATha uddezaka haiM / uddezakoM kI saMkhyA kI dRSTi se yaha adhyayana zeSa AThoM adhyayanoM se bar3A hai / niyuktikAra kA kathana hai ki ina AThoM udde zakoM meM vimokSa viSayaka nirUpaNa hai / vimokSa kA artha hai alaga ho jAnA - sAtha meM na rahanA / vimoha kA artha hai moha na rakhanA - saMsarga na karanA / prathama uddezaka meM batAyA hai ki jina anagAroM kA AcAra apane AcAra se milatA na dikhAI de unake saMsarga se mukta rahanA cAhie unake sAtha nahIM rahanA cAhie athavA vaise anagAroM se moha nahIM rakhanA cAhie-- unakA saMga nahIM 1. saptame tvayam - saMyamAdiguNayuktasya kadAcid mohasamutthAH parISahA upasargA vA prAdurbhaveyuH te samyak soDhavyAH - pR0 9.

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aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya: AcArAMga 121 - una para karanA caahie| dUsare uddezaka meM batAyA hai ki AhAra, pAnI, vastra Adi dUSita hoM to unakA tyAga karanA cAhie - unase alaga rahanA cAhiemoha nahIM rakhanA caahie| tRtIya uddezaka meM batAyA hai ki sAdhu ke zarIra kA kaMpana dekha kara yadi koI gRhastha zaMkA kare ki yaha sAdhu kAmAveza ke kAraNa kA~patA hai to usakI zaMkA ko dUra karanA cAhie - use zaMkA se mukta karanA -- cAhie - usakA zaMkArUpa jo moha hai use dUra karanA cAhie / Age ke uddezakoM meM upakaraNa evaM zarIra ke vimokSa athavA vimoha ke sambandha meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai jisakA sAra yaha hai ki yadi aisI zArIrika paristhiti utpanna ho jAya ki saMyama kI rakSA na ho sake athavA strI Adi ke anukUla athavA pratikUla upasarga hone para saMyama bhaMga kI sthiti paidA ho jAya to vivekapUrvaka jIvana kA moha chor3a denA cAhie arthAt zarIra Adi se AtmA kA vimokSa karanA cAhie / naveM adhyayana kA nAma uvahANasuya - upadhAnazruta hai / isameM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI gaMbhIra dhyAnamaya va ghoratapomaya sAdhanA kA varNana hai / upadhAna zabda tapa ke paryAya ke rUpa meM jaina pravacana meM prasiddha hai / isIlie isakA nAma upadhAnazruta rakhA gayA mAlUma hotA hai / niyuktikAra ne isa adhyayana ke nAma ke lie 'uvahANasuya' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| isake cAra uddezaka haiM / prathama uddezaka meM dIkSA lene ke bAda bhagavAn ko jo kucha sahana karanA par3A usakA varNana hai / unhoMne sarvaprakAra kI hiMsA kA tyAga kara ahiMsAmaya caryA svIkAra kI / ve hemaMta Rtu meM arthAt kar3akar3AtI ThaMDI meM gharabAra chor3a kara nikala par3e evaM kaThora pratijJA kI ki 'isa vastra se zarIra ko DhakUMgA nahIM' ityAdi / dvitIya evaM tRtIya uddezaka meM bhagavAn ne kaise-kaise sthAnoM meM nivAsa kiyA evaM vahA~ unheM kaise-kaise parISaha sahana karane paDe, yaha batAyA gayA hai / caturtha uddezaka meM batAyA hai ki bhagavAn ne kisa prakAra tapazcaryA kI, bhikSAcaryA meM kyA-kyA va kaisA kaisA zuSka bhojana liyA, kitane samaya taka pAnI piyA va na piyA, ityAdi / pahale 'AcAra' ke jo paryAyavAcI zabda batAye haiM unameM eka 'AiNNa' zabda bhI haiM / AiNNa kA artha hai AkhorNa arthAt Acarita / AcArAMga meM jisa prakAra kI caryA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, vaisI hI caryA kA jisane AcaraNa kiyA hai usakA isa adhyayana meM varNana hai / isI ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue sampUrNa AcArAMga kA eka nAma 'AiNNa' bhI rakhA gayA hai / AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke nau adhyayanoM ke saba milAkara 51 uddezaka haiM / inameM se sAtaveM adhyayana mahAparijJA ke sAtoM uddezakoM kA lopa ho jAne kAraNa vartamAna meM 44 uddezaka hI upalabdha haiM / niyuktikAra ne ina saba uddezakoM kA viSayAnukrama batAyA hai /

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122 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa dvitIya zrutaskandha kI cUlikAe~ : AcArAMga kA dvitIya zrutaskandha pA~ca cUlikAoM meM vibhakta hai| inameM se prathama cAra cUlikAe~ to AcArAMga meM hI hai kintu pA~cavIM cUlikA vizeSa vistRta hone ke kAraNa AcArAMga se bhinna kara dI gaI hai jo nizIthasUtra ke nAma se eka alaga grantha ke rUpa se upalabdha hai / nandisUtrakAra ne kAlika sUtroM kI gaNanA meM 'nisIha' nAmaka jisa zAstra kA ullekha kiyA hai vaha AcArAgra-AcAracUlikA kA yahI prakaraNa ho sakatA hai / isakA dUsarA nAma AcArakalpa athavA AcAraprakalpa bhI hai jisakA ullekha niyukti, sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga meM milatA hai| AcArAna kI cAra cUlikAoM meM se prathama cUlikA ke sAta adhyayana haiM : 1. piNDaiSaNA, 2. zayyaiSaNA, 3. IryaSaNA, 4. bhASAjAtaiSaNA, 5. vastraSaNA, 6. pAtraSaNA, 7. avagrahaiSaNA / dvitIya cUlikA ke bhI sAta adhyayana haiM : 1.. sthAna, 2. niSIdhikA, 3. uccAraprasravaNa, 4. zabda, 5. rUpa, 6. parakriyA, 7. anyonykriyaa| tRtIya cUlikA meM bhAvanA nAmaka eka hI adhyayana hai| caturtha cUlikA meM bhI eka hI adhyayana hai jisakA nAma vimukti hai| isa prakAra cAroM cUlikAoM meM kula solaha adhyayana hai / ina adhyayanoM ke nAmoM kI yojanA tadantargata viSayoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue niyuktikAra ne kI pratIta hotI hai| piNDaiSaNA Adi samasta nAmoM kA vivecana niyuktikAra ne nikSepapaddhati dvArA kiyA hai| piNDa kA artha hai AhAra, zayyA' kA artha hai nivAsasthAna, IryA kA artha hai gamanAgamana pravRtti, bhASAjAta kA artha hai bhASAsamUha, avagraha kA artha hai gamanAgamana kI sthAnamaryAdA / vastra, pAtra, sthAna, zabda va rUpa kA vahI artha hai jo sAmAnyatayA pracalita hai / niSIdhikA arthAt svAdhyAya evaM dhyAna karane kA sthAna, uccAraprasravaNa arthAt dIrghazaMkA evaM laghuzaMkA, parakriyA arthAt dUsaroM dvArA kI jAnevAlI sevAkriyA, anyonyakriyA arthAt paraspara kI jAne vAlI anucita kriyA, bhAvanA arthAt cintana, vimukti arthAt viitraagtaa| 1. mUla meM sejjA va sijjA zabda hai| isakA saMskRta rUpa 'sadyA' mAnanA vizeSa ucita hogA / niSadyA aura sadyA ye donoM samAnArthaka zabda haiM tathA sadana, sadma Adi zabda vasati-nivAsa-sthAna ke sUcaka haiM parantu prAcIna logoM ne sejjA va sijjA kA saMskRta rUpa 'zayyA' svIkAra kiyA hai| hemacandra jaise prakhara pratibhAzAlI vaiyAkaraNa ne bhI 'zayyA' kA 'sejjA' banAne kA niyama diyA hai / sadana, sadma aura sadyA ye sabhI paryAyavAcI zabda hai /

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aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga 123 ___piNDaiSaNA adhyayana meM gyAraha uddezaka haiM jinameM batAyA gayA hai ki zramaNa ko apanI sAdhanA ke anukUla saMyama-poSaNa ke lie AhAra-pAnI kisa prakAra prApta karanA cAhie / saMyama-poSaka nivAsasthAna kI prApti ke sambandha meM zayyaiSaNA nAmaka dvitIya adhyayana meM savistara vivecana hai| isake tIna uddezaka haiM / ISaNA adhyayana meM kaise calanA, kisa prakAra ke mArga para calanA Adi kA vivecana hai / isake bhI tIna uddezaka haiN| bhASAjAta adhyayana meM zramaNa ko kisa prakAra kI bhASA bolanI cAhie, kisake sAtha kaise bolanA cAhie Adi kA nirUpaNa hai / isameM do uddezaka haiM / vastraSaNA adhyayana meM vastra kisa prakAra prApta karanA cAhie ityAdi kA vivecana hai| isameM bhI do uddezaka haiM / pAtraSaNA nAmaka adhyayana meM pAtra ke rakhane va prApta karane kA vidhAna hai| isake bho do uddezaka haiM / avagrahaiSaNA adhyayana meM zramaNa ko apane lie svIkAra karane ke maryAdita sthAna ko kisa prakAra prApta karanA cAhie, yaha batAyA gayA hai| isake bhI do uddezaka haiM / isa prakAra prathama cUlikA ke kula milAkara pacIsa uddezaka haiM / dvitIya cUlikA ke sAtoM adhyayana uddezakarahita haiN| prathama adhyayana meM sthAna evaM dvitIya meM niSodhikA kI prApti ke sambandha meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai / tRtIya meM dIrghazaMkA va laghuzaMkA ke sthAna ke viSaya meM vivecana hai| caturtha va paMcama adhyayana meM kramazaH zabda va rUpaviSayaka nirUpaNa hai jisameM batAyA gayA hai ki kisI bhI prakAra ke zabda va rUpa se zramaNa meM rAgadveSa utpanna nahIM honA cAhiye / chaThe meM parakriyA evaM sAtaveM meM anyonyakriyAviSayaka vivecana hai / prathama zrutaskandha meM jo AcAra batAyA gayA hai usakA AcaraNa kisane kiyA hai ? isa prazna kA uttara tRtIya cUlikA meM hai / isameM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke caritra kA varNana hai / prathama zrutaskandha ke navama adhyayana upadhAnazruta meM bhagavAn ke janma, mAtA-pitA, svajana ityAdi ke viSaya meM koI ullekha nahIM hai| inhIM saba bAtoM kA varNana tRtIya cUlikA meM hai / isameM pA~ca mahAvratoM evaM unakI pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA svarUpa bhI batAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra 'bhAvanA' ke varNana ke kAraNa isa cUlikA kA bhAvanA nAma sArthaka hai| caturtha cUlikA meM kevala gyAraha gAthAe~ haiM jinameM vibhinna upamAoM dvArA vItarAga ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| antima gAthA meM sabase anta meM 'vimuccai' kriyApada hai / isI ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue isa cUlikA kA nAma vimukti rakhA gayA hai| eka rocaka kathA : uparyukta cAra cUlikAoM meM se antima do cUlikAoM ke viSaya meM eka rocaka

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124 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kathA milatI hai / yadyapi niyuktikAra ne yaha spaSTa batAyA hai ki AcArAgra kI pA~ca cUlikAe~ sthavirakRta haiM phira bhI AcArya hemacandra ne tRtIya va caturtha cUlikA ke sambandha meM eka aisI kathA dI hai jisameM inakA sambandha mahAvideha kSetra meM virAjita sImaMdhara tIrthaGkara ke sAtha jor3A gayA hai / yaha kathA pariziSTa parva ke navama sarga meM hai / isakA sambandha sthUlabhadra ke bhAI zriyaka kI kathA se hai / zriyaka kI bar3I bahana sAdhvI yakSA ke kahane se zriyaka ne upavAsa kiyA aura vaha mara gayA / zriyaka kI mRtyu kA kAraNa yakSA apane ko mAnatI rhii| kintu vaha zrIsaMgha dvArA nirdoSa ghoSita kI gaI evaM use zriyaka kI hatyA kA koI prAyazcitta nahIM diyA gayA / yakSA zrIsaMgha ke isa nirNaya se santuSTa na huI / usane ghoSaNA kI ki jina bhagavAn khuda yadi yaha nirNaya deM ki maiM nirdoSa hU~ tabhI mujhe santoSa ho sakatA hai / taba samasta zrIsaMgha ne zAsanadevI kA AhvAna karane ke lie kAusaga - kAyotsarga - dhyAna kiyA / aisA karane para turanta zAsanadevI upasthita huI evaM sAdhvI yakSA ko apane sAtha mahAvideha kSetra meM virAjita sImaMdhara bhagavAn ke pAsa le gaI / sImaMdhara bhagavAn ne use nirdoSa ghoSita kiyA evaM prasanna hokara zrIsaMgha ke lie nimnokta cAra adhyayanoM kA upahAra diyA : bhAvanA, vimukti, ratikalpa aura vicitracaryA / zrIsaMgha ne yakSA ke mukha se suna kara prathama do adhyayanoM ko AcArAMga kI cUlikA ke rUpa meM evaM antima do adhyayanoM ko dazavaikAlika kI cUlikA ke rUpa meM jor3a diyA / hemacandrasUrilikhita isa kathA ke prAmANya- aprAmANya ke viSaya meM carcA karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM / unhoMne yaha ghaTanA kahA~ se prApta kI, yaha avazya zodhanIya hai / dazavaikAlika niyukti, AcArAMga niyukti, haribhadrakRta dazavaikAlika vRtti, zIlAMkakRta AcArAMga-vRtti Adi meM isa ghaTanA kA koI ullekha nahIM hai / padyAtmaka aMza : AcArAMga - prathamazrutaskandha ke vimoha nAmaka aSTama adhyayana kA sampUrNa AThavA~ uddezaka padyamaya hai / upadhAnazruta nAmaka sampUrNa navama adhyayana bhI padyamaya hai / yaha bilakula spaSTa / isake atirikta dvitIya adhyayana lokavijaya, tRtIya adhyayana zItoSNIya evaM SaSTha adhyayana dhUta meM kucha padya bilakula spaSTa haiM / ina padyoM ke atirikta AcArAMga meM aise aneka padya aura haiM jo mudrita pratiyoM meM gadya ke rUpa meM chape hue haiM / cUrNikAra kahIM-kahIM 'gAhA' ( gAthA ) zabda dvArA mUla ke padyabhAga kA nirdeza karate haiM kintu vRttikAra ne to zAyada hI aisA kahIM kiyA ho / AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke sampAdaka zrI zubriMga ne apane saMskaraNa meM samasta padyoM kA spaSTa pRthakkaraNa kiyA hai evaM unake chaMdoM para bhI jarmana bhASA meM paryApta prakAza

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aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga 125. DAlA hai tathA batAyA hai ki inameM AryA, jagatI, triSTubha, vaitAlIya, zloka Adi kA prayoga huA hai / sAtha hI bauddha piTakagrantha suttanipAta ke padyoM ke sAtha AcA rAMga prathamazrutaskandha ke padyoM kI tulanA bhI kI hai / Azcarya hai ki zIlAMka se lekara dIpikAkAra taka ke prAcIna va arvAcIna vRttikAroM kA dhyAna AcArAMga ke padya - bhAga ke pRthakkaraNa kI ora nahIM gayA / vartamAna bhAratIya saMzodhakoM, saMpAdakoM evaM anuvAdakoM kA dhyAna bhI isa ora na jA sakA, yaha kheda kA viSaya hai / AcArAgrarUpa dvitIya zrutaskandha kI prathama do cUlikAe~ pUrI gadya meM haiM / tRtIya cUlikA meM do-cAra jagaha padya kA prayoga bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai / isameM mahAvIra kI sampatti ke dAna ke sambandha meM upalabdha varNana chaH AryAoM meM hai / mahAvIra dvArA dIkSAzivikA meM baiTha kara jJAtakhaNDa vana kI ora kiye gaye prasthAna kA varNana bhI gyAraha AryAoM meM hai / bhagavAn jisa samaya sAmAyika cAritra aMgI - kAra karane ke lie pratijJAvacana kA uccAraNa karate haiM usa samaya upasthita janasamUha isa prakAra zAnta ho jAtA hai mAno vaha citralikhita ho / isa dRzya kA varNana bhI do AryAoM meM hai / Age pA~ca mahAvratoM kI bhAvanAoM kA varNana karate samaya aparigraha vrata kI bhAvanA ke varNana meM pA~ca anuSTubhoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra bhAvanA nAmaka tRtIya cUlikA meM kucha caubIsa padya haiM / zeSa sampUrNa aMza gadya meM hai / vimukti nAmaka caturthaM cUlikA pUrI padyamaya hai / isameM kula gyAraha padya haiM jo upajAti jaise kisI chanda meM likhe gaye pratIta hote haiM / suttanipAta ke AmagaMdhasutta meM bhI aise chaMda kA prayoga huA hai / isa chaMda meM pratyeka pAda meM bAraha akSara hote haiM / isa prakAra pUre dvitIya zrutaskandha meM kula paiMtIsa padyoM kA prayoga huA hai / AcArAMga kI vAcanAe~ : naMdisUtra va samavAyAMga meM likhA hai ki AcArAMga kI aneka vAcanAe~ haiM / vartamAna meM ye saba vAcanAe~ upalabdha nahIM haiM kintu zIlAMka kI vRtti meM svIkRta pATharUpa eka vAcanA va usameM nAgArjunIya ke nAma se ullikhita dUsarI vAcanAisa prakAra do vAcanAe~ prApya haiM / nAgArjunIya vAcanA ke pAThabheda vartamAna pATha se bilakula vilakSaNa haiM / udAharaNa ke taura para vartamAna meM AcArAMga meM eka pATha isa prakAra upalabdha hai : kaTTu evaM avayANao biiyA maMdassa bAliyA laddhA huratthA / - AcArAMga a. 5, u. 1, sU. 145. isa pATha ke bajAya nAgArjunIya pATha isa prakAra hai :

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126 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa je khalu visae sevaI sevittA NAloei, pareNa vA puTTho niNhavai, ahavA taM paraM saeNa vA doseNa pAviTTayareNa vA doseNa uvaliMpijjatti / AcArya zIlAMka ne apanI vRtti meM jo pATha svIkAra kiyA hai usameM aura nAgArjunIya pATha meM zabda racanA kI dRSTi se bahuta antara hai, yadyapi Azaya meM bhinnatA nahIM hai / nAgArjunIya pATha svIkRta pATha kI apekSA ati spaSTa evaM vizada / udAharaNa ke lie eka aura pATha leM : virAgaM rUvesu gacchejjA mahayA - khuDdaehi (esa) vA / - AcArAMga a. 3, u. 3, 117. isa pATha ke bajAya nAgArjunIya pATha isa prakAra hai :-- trisamma paMcagammi vi duvihammi tiyaM tiyaM / bhAvao suTTa jANittA sa na lippai dosu vi // nAgArjunIya pAThAntaroM ke atirikta vRttikAra ne aura bhI anekoM pAThabheda diye haiM, jaise 'moyaNAe' ke sthAna para 'bhoyaNAe', 'citte' ke sthAna para 'ciTTe', 'piyADayA' ke sthAna para 'piyAyayA' ityAdi / saMbhava hai, isa prakAra ke pAThabheda mukhAgrazruta kI paramparA ke kAraNa athavA pratilipikAra ke lipidoSa ke kAraNa hue hoM / ina pATha bhedoM meM vizeSa arthabheda nahIM hai / hAM kabhI-kabhI inake artha meM antara avazya dikhAI detA hai / udAharaNa ke lie 'jAtimaraNamoyaNAe' kA artha hai janma aura mRtyu se mukti prApta karane ke lie, jaba ki 'jAtimaraNabhoyaNA' kA artha hai jAtibhoja athavA mRtyubhoja ke uddezya se / yahAM jAtibhoja kA artha hai janma ke prasaMga para kiyA jAne vAlA bhojana kA samAraMbha athavA jAti - vizeSa ke nimitta hone vAlA bhojana samAraMbha evaM mRtyubhoja kA artha hai zrAddha athavA mRta bhojana | AcArAMga ke kartA : AcArAMga ke kartRtva ke sambandha meM isakA upodghAtAtmaka prathama vAkya kucha prakAza DAlatA hai / vaha vAkya isa prakAra hai : suyaM me AusaM ! teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM - he ciraJjIva ! maiMne sunA hai ki una bhagavAn ne aisA kahA hai / isa vAkya racanA se yaha spaSTa hai ki koI tRtIya puruSa kaha rahA hai ki maiMne aisA sunA hai ki bhagavAn ne yoM kahA hai / isakA artha yaha hai ki mUla vaktA bhagavAn hai / jisane sunA hai vaha bhagavAn kA sAkSAt zrotA hai / aura usI zrotA se sunakara jo isa samaya sunA rahA hai, vaha zrotA kA zrotA hai / yaha paramparA vaisI hI hai jaise koI eka mahAzaya pravacana karate hoM, dUsare mahAzaya usa pravacana ko sunate

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aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga 127 hoM evaM suna kara use tIsare mahAzaya ko sunAte hoN| isase yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki bhagavAn ke mukha se nikale hue zabda to ve jyoM-jyoM bolate gaye tyoM-tyoM vilIna hote gye| bAda meM bhagavAn kI kahI huI bAta batAne kA prasaMga Ane para sunane vAle mahAzaya yoM kahate haiM ki maiMne bhagavAn se aisA sunA hai| isakA artha yaha huA ki logoM ke pAsa bhagavAn ke khuda ke zabda nahIM Ate apitu kisI sunane vAle ke zabda Ate haiM / zabdoM kA aisA svabhAva hotA hai ki ve jisa rUpa se bAhara Ate haiM usI rUpa meM kabhI nahIM Tika skte| yadi unheM usI rUpa meM surakSita rakhane kI koI vizeSa vyavasthA ho to avazya vaisA ho sakatA hai| vartamAna yuga meM isa prakAra ke vaijJAnika sAdhana upalabdha haiM / aise sAdhana bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM vidyamAna na the| ataH hamAre sAmane jo zabda hai ve sAkSAt bhagavAn ke nahIM apitu unake haiM jinhoMne bhagavAn se sune haiN| bhagavAn ke khuda ke zabdoM va zrotA ke zabdoM meM zabda ke svarUpa kI dRSTi se vastutaH bahuta antara hai / phira bhI ye zabda bhagavAn ke hI haiM, isa prakAra kI chApa mana parase kisI bhI prakAra nahIM miTa sktii| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki zabdayojanA bhale hI zrotA kI ho, Azaya to bhagavAn kA hI hai| aMgasUtroM kI vAcanAe~ : aisI mAnyatA hai ki pahale bhagavAn apanA Azaya prakaTa karate haiM, bAda meM unake gaNadhara arthAt pradhAna ziSya usa Azaya ko apanI-apanI zailI meM zabdabaddha karate haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadhara the| ve bhagavAn ke Azaya ko apanI-apanI zailI va zabdoM meM grathita karane ke vizeSa adhikArI the| isase phalita hotA hai ki eka gaNadhara kI jo zailI va zabdaracanA ho vahI dUsare kI ho bhI aura na bhI ho / isIlie kalpasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki pratyeka gaNadhara kI vAcanA bhinna-bhinna thii| vAcanA arthAt zailI evaM shbdrcnaa| nandisUtra va samavAyAMga meM bhI batAyA gayA hai ki pratyeka aGgasUtra kI vAcanA paritta (arthAt parimita) athavA eka se adhika (arthAt aneka) hotI hai / gyAraha gaNagharoM meM se kucha to bhagavAn ko upasthiti meM ho mukti prApta kara cuke the| sudharmAsvAmI nAmaka gaNadhara saba gaNagharoM meM dIrghAyu the| ataH bhagavAn ke samasta pravacana kA uttarAdhikAra unheM milA thaa| unhoMne use surakSita rakhA evaM apanI zailI va zabdoM meM grathita kara Age kI ziSya-praziSyaparamparA ko sauNpaa| isa ziSya-praziSyaparamparA ne bhI sudharmAsvAmo ko ora se prApta vasIyata ko apanI zailI va zabdoM meM bahuta lambe kAla taka kaNThastha rakhA / AcArya bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM eka bhayaGkara va lambA duSkAla par3A / isa samaya

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128 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pUrvagatazruta to sarvathA naSTa hI ho gyaa| kevala bhadrabAha svAmI ko vaha yAda thA jo unake bAda adhika lambe kAla taka na Tika skaa| vartamAna meM isakA nAma nizAna bhI upalabdha nahIM / isa samaya jo ekAdaza aGga upalabdha haiM unake viSaya meM pariziSTa parva ke navama sarga meM batAyA gayA hai ki duSkAla samApta hone ke bAda (vIranirvANa dUsarI zatAbdI) pATaliputra meM zramaNasaMgha ekatrita huA va jo aGga, adhyayana, uddezaka Adi yAda the una sabakA saMkalana kiyA : tatazca ekAdazAGagAni zrIsaMgha amelayat tdaa| jina-pravacana ke saMkalana kI yaha prathama saMgIti-vAcanA hai| isake bAda deza meM dUsarA duSkAla par3A jisase kaNThastha zruta ko phira hAni pahuMcI / duSkAla samApta hone para punaH (vIranirvANa 9 vIM zatAbdI) mathurA meM zramaNasaMgha ekatrita huA va skandilAcArya kI adhyakSatA meM jina-pravacana kI dvitIya vAcanA huii| mathurA meM hone ke kAraNa ise mAthurI vAcanA bhI kahate haiM / bhadrabAhusvAmI evaM skandilAcArya ke samaya ke duSkAla va zrutasaMkalana kA ullekha AvazyakacUNi tathA nandicUNi meM upalabdha hai| inameM duSkAla kA samaya bAraha varSa batAyA gayA hai| mAthurI vAcanA kI samakAlIna eka anya vAcanA kA ullekha karate hue kahAvalI nAmaka grantha meM kahA gayA hai ki valabhI nagarI meM AcArya nAgArjuna kI adhyakSatA meM bhI isI prakAra kI eka vAcanA huI thI jise vAlabhI athavA nAgArjunIya vAcanA kahate haiM / ina vAcanAoM meM jina-pravacana granthabaddha kiyA gayA, isakA samarthana karate hue AcArya hemacandra yogazAstra kI vRtti (yogazAstraprakAza 3, patra 207) meM likhate haiM : jinavacanaM ca duSSamAkAlavazAt ucchinnaprAyamiti matvA bhagavadbhirnAgArjuna-skandilAcAryaprabhRtibhiH pustakaSu nyastam-kAla kI duSSamatA ke kAraNa (athavA duSSamAkAla ke kAraNa). jinapravacana ko lagabhaga ucchinna huA jAna kara AcArya nAgArjuna, skandilAcArya Adi ne use pustakabaddha kiyA / mAthurI vAcanA vAlabhI vAcanA se aneka sthAnoM para alaga par3a gii| pariNAmataH vAcanAoM meM pAThabheda ho gye| ye donoM zrutadhara AcArya yadi paraspara milakara vicAra-vimarza karate to sambhavataH vAcanAbheda Tala sakatA kintu durbhAgya se ye na to vAcanA ke pUrva isa viSaya meM kucha kara sake aura na vAcanA ke pazcAt hI paraspara mila sake / yaha vAcanAbheda unakI mRtyu ke bAda bhI vaisA kA vaisA hI banA rahA / ise vRtti kAroM ne 'nAgArjunIyAH punaH evaM paThanti' Adi vAkyoM dvArA nirdiSTa kiyA hai / mAthurI va vAlabhI vAcanA sampanna hone ke bAda vIranirvANa 980 athavA 993 meM devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne valabhI meM saMgha ekatrita kara usa samaya meM upalabdha samasta zruta ko pustakabaddha kiyaa| usa samaya se sArA zruta granthabaddha ho gyaa| taba se usake viccheda athavA viparyAsa

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aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga 129 kI sambhAvanA bahuta kama ho gii| devaddhigaNikSamAzramaNa ne kisI prakAra kI naI vAcanA kA pravartana nahIM kiyA apitu jo zrutapATha pahale kI vAcanAoM meM nizcita ho cukA thA usI ko ekatra kara vyavasthita rUpa se granthabaddha kiyA / etadviSayaka upalabdha ullekha isa prakAra hai : valahipurammi nayare devaDhipamuheNa samaNasaMdheNa / putthAi Agamu lihio navatayaasIAo vorAo / arthAt valabhIpura nAmaka nagara meM devaddhipramukha zramaNa saMgha ne vIranirvANa 980 (matAntara se 993) meM AgamoM ko granthabaddha kiyA / devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa : vartamAna samasta jaina prabandha-sAhitya meM kahIM bhI devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa jaise 1. AgamoM ko pustakArUDha karanevAle AcArya kA nAma devaddhigaNikSamAzramaNa hai / amuka viziSTa gItArtha puruSa ko 'gaNI' aura 'kSamAzramaNa' kahA jAtA hai / jaise vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke praNetA jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa haiM vaise hI uccakoTi ke gItArtha devaddhi bhI gaNikSamAzramaNa haiM / inakI guruparaMparA kA krama kalpasUtra ko sthavirAvalI meM diyA huA hai / inako kisI bhI granthakAra ne vAcakavaMza meM nahIM ginaayaa| ataH vAcakoM se ye gaNikSamAzramaNa alaga mAlUma hote haiM aura vAcakavaMza kI paramparA alaga mAlUma hotI hai| nandisUtra ke praNetA devavAcaka nAma ke AcArya haiN| unakI guruparaMparA nadisUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM dI hai aura ve spaSTarUpa se vAcakavaMza kI paraMparA meM hai ataH devavAcaka aura devaddhigaNikSamAzramaNa alaga-alaga AcArya ke nAma haiM tathA kisI prakAra se kadAcit gaNikSamAkSamaNa pada aura vAcaka pada bhinna nahIM hai aisA mAnane para bhI ina donoM AcAryoM kI guru paramparA bhI eka sI nahIM mAlUma hotii| isalie bhI ye donoM bhinna-bhinna AcArya haiM / praznapaddhati nAmaka choTe-se grantha meM likhA hai ki naMdisUtra devavAcaka ne banAyA hai aura pAThoM ko bArabAra na likhanA par3e isalie devavAcakakRta nandisUtra kI sAkSI pustakArUr3ha karate samaya devaddhigaNikSamAzramaNa ne dI haiN| ye donoM AcArya bhinna-bhinna hone para hI praznapaddhati kA yaha ullekha saMgata ho sakatA hai / praznapaddhati ke kartA ke vicAra se ye donoM eka hI hote to ve aisA likhate ki naMdisUtra devavAcaka kI kRti hai aura apano hI kRti kI sAkSI devaddhi ne dI hai, parantu unhoMne aisA na likhakara ye donoM bhinna-bhinna hoM, isa prakAra nirdeza kiyA hai| praznapaddhati ke kartA muni harizcandra haiM jo apane ko navAMgIvRttikAra yA abhayadevasUrike ziSya kahate haiN| dekho praznapaddhati, pR0 2.

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130 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa mahAprabhAvaka AcArya kA sampUrNa jIvana-vRttAMta upalabdha nahIM hotaa| inhoMne kina paristhitiyoM meM AgamoM ko granthabaddha kiyA ? usa samaya anya kauna zrutadhara puruSa vidyamAna the ? valabhIpura ke saMgha ne unake isa kArya meM kisa prakAra ko sahAyatA kI ? ityAdi praznoM ke samAdhAna ke lie vartamAna meM koI bhI sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM hai / Azcarya to yaha hai ki vikrama kI caudahavIM zatAbdI meM honevAle AcArya prabhAcandra ne apane prabhAvaka-caritra meM anya aneka mahAprabhAvaka puruSoM kA jIvana caritra diyA hai / kintu inakA kahIM nirdeza bhI nahIM kiyA hai / __devaddhigaNikSamAzramaNa ne AgamoM ko granthabaddha karate samaya kucha mahattvapUrNa bAteM dhyAna meM rkhiiN| jahA~ jahA~ zAstroM meM samAna pATha Aye vahA~-vahA~ unakI punarAvRtti na karate hue unake lie eka vizeSa grantha athavA sthAna kA nirdeza kara diyA, jaise : 'jahA uvavAie' 'jahA paNNavaNAe' ityAdi / eka hI graMtha meM vahI bAta bAra-bAra Ane para use punaH punaH na likhate hue 'jAva' zabda kA prayoga karate hue usakA antima zabda likha diyA, jaise : 'NAgakUmArA jAva viharaMti, teNaM kAleNaM jAva parisA NiggayA' ityAdi / isake atirikta unhoMne mahAvIra ke bAda kI kucha mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAe~ bhI AgamoM meM jor3a diiN| udAharaNa ke lie sthAnAMga meM ullikhita dasa gaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bahuta samaya bAda utpanna hue / yahI bAta jamAli ko chor3akara zeSa nihnavoM ke viSaya meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| pahale se calI Ane vAlI mAthurI va vAlabhI ina do vAcanAoM meM se devaddhigaNa ne mAthurI vAcanA ko pradhAnatA dii| sAtha hI vAlabhI vAcanA ke pAThabheda ko bhI surakSita rakhA / ina do vAcanAoM meM saMgati rakhane kA bhI unhoMne bharasaka prayatna kiyA evaM sabakA samAdhAna kara mAthuro vAcanA ko pramukha sthAna diyaa| mahArAja khAravela : mahArAja khAravela ne bhI apane samaya meM jaina pravacana ke samuddhAra ke lie zramaNa-zramaNiyoM evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kA bRhad saMgha ekatra kiyaa| kheda hai ki isa sambandha meM kisI bhI jaina grantha meM koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hai| mahArAja khAravela ne kaliMgagata khaMDagiri va udayagiri para etadviSayaka jo vistRta lekha khudavAyA hai usameM isa sambandha meM spaSTa ullekha hai / yaha lekha pUrA prAkRta meM hai / isameM kaliMga meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke maMdira kI sthApanA va anya aneka ghaTanAoM kA ullekha hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha 'himavaMta therAvalI' nAmaka prAkRta-saMskRtamizrita paTTAvalI meM mahArAja khAravela ke viSaya meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki unhoMne pravacana kA uddhAra kiyA /

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aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga 131 AcArAMga ke zabda : uparyukta tathyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue AcArAMga ke kartRtva kA vicAra karane para yaha spaSTa pratIta hogA ki isameM Azaya to bhagavAn mahAvIra kA hI hai / rahI bAta zabdoM kii| hamAre sAmane jo zabda hai ve kisake haiM ? isakA uttara itanA sarala nahIM hai / yA to ye zabda sudharmAsvAmI ke hai yA jambUsvAmI ke haiM yA unake bAda hone vAle kisI suvihita gItArtha ke haiN| phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki ye zabda itane paine haiM ki sunate hI sIdhe hRdaya meM ghusa jAte haiN| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki ye kisI asAdhAraNa anubhavAtmaka AdhyAtmika parAkASThA para pahu~ce hue puruSa ke hRdaya meM se nikale hue hai evaM sunane vAle ne bhI inheM usI niSThA se surakSita rakhA hai| ataH isameM tanika bhI sandeha nahIM hai ki ye zabda sudharmAsvAmI kI vAcanA kA anusaraNa karane vAle haiM / sambhava hai inameM sudharmA ke khuda ke hI zabdoM kA pratibimba ho| yaha bhI asambhava nahIM ki ina pratibimbarUpa zabdoM meM se amuka zabda bhagavAn mahAvIra ke khuda ke zabdoM ke pratibimba ke rUpa meM hoM, amuka zabda sudharmAsvAmI ke vacanoM ke pratibimba ke rUpa meM hoM, amuka zabda gItArtha mahApuruSoM ke zabdoM kI pratidhvani ke rUpa meM hoN| inameM se kauna se zabda kisa koTi ke haiM, isakA pRthakkaraNa yahA~ sambhava nahIM / vartamAna meM hama gurunAnaka, kabIra, narasiMha mehatA, Anandaghana, yazovijaya upAdhyAya Adi ke jo bhajana-stavana gAte haiM unameM mUla ko apekSA kucha-kucha parivartana dikhAI detA hai| isI prakAra kA thor3A-bahuta parivartana AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM pratIta hotA hai| yahI bAta sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke viSaya meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| zeSa aMgoM ke viSaya meM aisA nahIM kaha skte| ye gItArtha sthaviroM kI racanAe~ haiM / inameM mahAvIra Adi ke zabdoM kA Adhikya na hote hue bhI unake Azaya kA anusaraNa to hai hii| brahmacarya evaM brAhmaNa : AcArAMga kA dUsarA nAma baMbhacera arthAt brahmacarya hai| isa nAma meM 'brahma' aura 'carya' ye do zabda haiM / niyuktikAra ne brahma kI vyAkhyA karate hue nAmataH brahma, sthApanAtaH brahma, dravyataH brahma evaM bhAvataH brahma-isa prakAra brahma ke cAra bheda batalAye haiM / nAmataH brahma arthAt jo kevala nAma se brahma-brAhmaNa hai / sthApanAtaH brahma kA artha hai citrita brahma athavA brAhmaNoM kI nizAnI rUpa yajJopavItAdi yukta citrita AkRti athavA miTTI Adi dvArA nirmita vaisA AkAra-mUrti-pratimA / athavA jina manuSyoM meM bAhya cihnoM dvArA brahmabhAva kI sthApanA kalpanA kI gaI ho, jinameM brahmapada ke arthAnusAra guNa bhale hI na hoM vaha sthApanAtaH brahma-brAhmaNa kahalAtA hai / yahA~ brahma zabda kA brAhmaNa artha vivakSita hai / mUlataH to brahma zabda

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132 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa brahmacarya kA hI vAcaka hai| cUMki brahmacarya saMyama rUpa hai ataH brahma zabda satraha prakAra ke saMyama sUcaka bhI haiN| isakA samarthana svayaM niyuktikAra ne ( 28 vIM gAthA meM ) kiyA hai / aisA hote hue bhI sthApanAtaH brahma kA svarUpa samajhAte hue niyuktikAra ne yajJopavItAdiyukta aura brAhmaNaguNavarjita jAti brAhmaNa ko bhI sthApanAtaH brahma kyoM kahA ? kisI dUsare ko arthAt kSatriya, vaizya athavA zUdra ko sthApanAtaH brahma kyoM nahIM kahA ? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki jisa kAla meM AcArAMgasUtra kI yojanA huI vaha kAla bhagavAn mahAvIra va sudharmA kA thaa| usa kAla meM brahmacarya dhAraNa karane vAle adhikAMzataH brAhmaNa hote the| kisI samaya brAhmaNa vAstavika artha meM brahAcArI the kintu jisa kAla kI yaha sUtrayojanA hai usa kAla meM brAhmaNa apane brAhmaNavarma se arthAt brAhmaNa ke yathArtha AcAra se cyuta ho gaye the| phira bhI brAhmaNa jAti ke bAhya cihnoM ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa brAhmaNa hI mAne jAte the / isa prakAra usa samaya guNa nahIM kintu jAti hI brAhmaNatva kA pratIka mAnI jAne lgii| suttanipAta ke brAhmaNammikasutta ( cUlavagga, sU0 7 ) meM bhagavAn buddha ne isa viSaya meM sundara carcA kI hai| usakA sAra nIce diyA hai : zrAvasto nagarI meM jetavanasthita anAthapiNDika ke udyAna meM Akara Thahare hue bhagavAn buddha se kozala deza ke kucha vRddha va kulona brAhmaNoM ne Akara prazna kiyA-"he gautama ! kyA Ajakala ke brAhmaNa prAcIna brAhmaNoM ke brAhmaNadharma ke anusAra AcaraNa karate hue dikhAI dete haiM ?' buddha ne uttara diyA- 'he brAhmaNoM ! Ajakala ke brAhmaNa purAne brAhmaNoM ke brAhmaNadharma ke anusAra AcaraNa karate hue dikhAI nahIM dete|" brAhmaNa kahane lage-"he gautama ! prAcIna brAhmaNadharma kyA hai, yaha hameM btaaie|" buddha ne kahA-'prAcIna brAhmaNa RSi saMyatAtmA evaM tapasvI the| ve pA~ca indriyoM ke viSayoM kA tyAga kara Atmacintana karate / unake pAsa pazu na the, dhana na thaa| svAdhyAya hI unakA dhana thaa| ve brAhmanidhi kA pAlana krte| loga unake lie zraddhApUrvaka bhojana banA kara dvAra para taiyAra rakhate va unheM denA ucita samajhate / ve avadhya the evaM unake lie kisI bhI kuTumba meM Ane-jAne kI koI roka-Toka na thii| ve ar3atAlIsa varSa taka kaumAra brahmacarya kA pAlana karate evaM prajJA va zIla kA sampAdana karate / RtukAla ke atirikta ve apanI priya strI kA sahavAsa bhI svIkAra nahIM karate / ve brahmacarya, zIla, Arjava, mArdava, tapa, samAdhi, ahiMsA evaM zAnti kI stuti karate / usa samaya sukumAra, unnataskandha, tejasvI evaM yazasvI brAhmaNa svadharmAnusAra AcaraNa karate tathA kRtya-akRtya ke viSaya meM sadA dakSa rahate / ve cAvala,

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aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga 133 Asana, vastra, ghI, tela Adi padArtha bhikSA dvArA athavA dhArmika rIti se ekatra kara yajJa karate / yajJa meM ve govadha nahIM krte| jaba taka ve aise the taba taka loga sukhI the| kintu rAjA se dakSiNA meM prApta saMpatti evaM alaMkRta striyoM jaisI atyanta kSudra vastu se unakI buddhi bdlii| dakSiNA meM prApta govRnda evaM sundara striyoM meM brAhmaNa lubdha hue| ve ina padArthoM ke lie rAjA ikSvAku ke pAsa gaye aura kahane lage ki tere pAsa khUba dhana-dhAnya hai, khUba sampatti hai| isalie tU yajJa kara / usa yajJa meM sampatti prApta kara brAhmaNa dhanADhaya hue| isa prakAra lolupa hue brAhmaNoM kI tRSNA adhika bar3hI aura ve punaH ikSvAku ke pAsa gaye va use samajhAyA / taba usane yajJa meM lAkhoM gAyeM mArI" ityAdi / suttanipAta ke isa ullekha se prAcIna brAhmaNoM va patita brAhmaNoM kA thor3Abahuta paricaya milatA hai / niyuktikAra ne patita brAhmaNoM ko citrita brAhmaNoM kI koTi meM rakhate hue unakI dharmavihInatA evaM jar3atA kI ora saMketa kiyA / caturvarNa : niyuktikAra kahate haiM ki pahale kevala eka manuSya jAti thii| bAda meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke rAjyArUr3ha hone para usake do vibhAga hue| bAda meM zilpa evaM vANijya prAraMbha hone para usake tIna vibhAga hue tathA zrAvakadharma kI utpatti hone para usI ke cAra vibhAga ho gye| isa prakAra niyukti kI mUla gAthA meM sAmAnyatayA manuSya jAti ke cAra vibhAgoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| usameM kisI varNavizeSa kA nAmollekha nahIM hai| TIkAkAra zIlAMka ne varNoM ke vizeSa nAma batAte hue kahA hai ki jo manuSya bhagavAn ke Azrita the ve 'kSatriya' kahalAye / anya saba 'zUdra' gine gye| ve zoka evaM rodanasvabhAvayukta the ataH 'zUdra' ke rUpa meM prasiddha hue| bAda meM agni kI khoja hone para jinhoMne zilpa evaM vANijya apanAyA ve 'vaizya' kahalAye / bAda meM jo loga bhagavAn ke batAye hue zrAvakadharma kA paramArthataH pAlana karane lage evaM 'mata hano, mata hano' aiso ghoSaNA kara ahiMsAdharma kA udghoSa karane lage ve 'mAhana' arthAt 'brAhmaNa' ke rUpa meM prasiddha hue| Rgveda ke puruSa sUkta meM nirdiSTa caturvarNa kI utpatti se yaha krama bilakula bhinna hai / yahA~ sarvaprathama kSatriya, phira zUdra, phira vaizya aura anta meM brAhmaNoM kI utpatti batAI gaI hai jabaki ukta sUkta meM sarvaprathama brAhmaNa, bAda meM kSatriya, usake bAda vaizya aura anta meM zUdra kI utpatti batAI hai| niyuktikAra ne brAhmaNotpatti kA prasaMga dhyAna meM rakhate hue anya sAta varNoM evaM nau varNAntaroM kI utpatti kA krama bhI batAyA hai| ina saba varNa-varNAntaroM kA samAveza unhoMne sthApanAbrahma meM kiyA hai|

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134 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isa sambandha meM cUrNikAra ne jo nirUpaNa kiyA hai vaha niyuktikAra se kucha bhinna mAlUma par3atA hai / cUrNi meM batAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke samaya meM jo rAjA ke Azrita the ve kSatriya hue tathA jo rAjA ke Azrita na the ve gRhapati kahalAye / bAda meM agni kI khoja hone ke uparAnta una gRhapatiyoM meM se jo zilpa tathA vANijya karane vAle the ve vaizya hue| bhagavAn ke pravrajyA lene va bharata kA rAjyAbhiSeka hone ke bAda bhagavAn ke upadeza dvArA zrAvakradharma kI utpatti hone ke anantara brAhmaNa utpanna hue / ye zrAvaka dharmapriya the tathA 'mA haNo mA haNo' rUpa ahiMsA kA udghoSa karane vAle the ataH logoM ne unheM mAhaNa-brAhmaNa nAma diyaa| ye brAhmaNa bhagavAn ke Azrita the| jo bhagavAn ke Azrita na the tathA kisI prakAra kA zilpa Adi nahIM karate the va azrAvaka the ve zokAtura va drohasvabhAvayukta hone ke kAraNa zUdra kahalAye / 'zUdra' zabda ke 'zU' kA artha zokasvabhAvayukta evaM 'dra' kA artha drohasvabhAvayukta kiyA gayA hai / niyuktikAra ne caturvarNa kA krama kSatriya, zUdra, vaizya va brAhmaNa-yaha batAyA hai jabaki cUrNikAra ke anusAra yaha krama kSatriya, vaizya, brAhmaNa va zUdra-isa prakAra hai| isa krama-parivartana kA kAraNa sambhavataH vaidika paramparA kA prabhAva hai| sAta varNa va nava varNAntara : niyuktikAra ne va tadanusAra cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ne sAta varNoM va nau varNAntaroM kI utpatti kA jo krama batAyA hai vaha isa prakAra hai : brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya va zUdra ye cAra mUla varNa haiM / inameM se brAhmaNa va kSatriyANI ke saMyoga se utpanna honevAlA uttama kSatriya, zuddha kSatriya athavA saMkara kSatriya kahalAtA hai / yaha paMcama varNa hai / kSatriya va vaizya-strI ke saMyoga se utpanna hone vAlA uttama vaizya, zuddha vaizya athavA saMkara vaizya kahalAtA hai / yaha SaSTha varNa hai| isI prakAra vaizya va zUdrA ke saMyoga se utpanna hone vAlA uttama zUdra, zuddha zUdra athavA saMkara zUdra rUpa saptama varNa haiN| ye sAta varNa hue| brAhmaNa va vaizya strI ke saMyoga se utpanna hone vAlA aMbaSTha nAmaka prathama varNAntara hai| isI prakAra kSatriya va zUdrA ke saMyoga se ugra, brAhmaNa va zUdrA ke saMyoga se niSAda athavA pArAzara, zUdra va vaizya-strI ke saMyoga se ayogava, vaizya va kSatriyANI ke saMyoga se bhAgadha, kSatriya va brAhmaNI ke saMyoga se sUta, zUdra va kSatriyANo ke saMyoga se kSattRka, vaizya va brAhmaNI ke saMyoga se vaideha evaM zUdra brAhmaNI ke saMyoga se cAMDAla nAmaka anya ATha varNAntaroM kI utpatti batAI gaI hai| inake atirikta kucha anya varNAntara bhI haiN| ugra va kSatriyANI ke saMyoga se utpanna hone vAlA zvapAka, vaideha va kSatriyANo ke saMyoga se utpanna hone vAlA vaiNava, niSAda va aMbaSThI athavA zUdrA ke

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aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga 135 saMyoga se utpanna hone vAlA bokkasa, zUdra va niSAdI ke saMyoga se utpanna hone vAlA kukkuTaka athavA kukkuraka kahalAtA hai / isa prakAra varNoM va varNAntaroM kI utpatti kA svarUpa batAte hue carNikAra spaSTa zabdoM meM likhate haiM ki 'evaM svacchaMdamativigappitaM' arthAt vaidika paramparA meM brAhmaNa Adi kI utpatti ke viSaya meM jo kucha kahA gayA hai vaha saba svacchandamatiyoM kI kalpanA hai / uparyukta varNa-varNAntara sambandhI samasta vivecana manusmRti ( a0 10, zloka0 4-45 ) meM upalabdha hai| cUrNikAra va manusmRtikAra ke ullekhoM meM kahIM-kahIM nAma Adi meM thor3A-thor3A antara dRSTigocara hotA hai / zastraparijJA : AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyayana kA nAma satthaparinnA arthAt zastraparijJA hai| zastraparijJA arthAt zastroM kA jJAna / AcArAMga zramaNa-brAhmaNa ke AcAra se sambandhita grantha hai| usameM kahIM bhI yuddha athavA senA kA varNana nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM prathama adhyayana meM zastroM ke sambandha meM vivecana kaise sambhava ho sakatA hai ? saMsAra meM lAThI, talavAra, khaMjara, banduka Adi kI hI zastroM ke rUpa meM prasiddhi hai| Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM aNubama, udjanabama Adi bhI zastra ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| aise zastra spaSTa rUpa se hiMsaka hai, yaha sarvavidita hai / AcArAMga ke kartA ko dRSTi se krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga, dveSa, kAma, IrSyA matsara Adi kaSAya bhI bhayaMkara zastra haiN| itanA hI nahIM, ina kaSAyoM dvArA hI upayukta zastrAstra utpanna hue haiM / isa dRSTi se kaSAyajanya samasta pravRttiyA~ zastrarUpa haiM / kaSAya ke abhAva meM koI bhI pravRtti zastrarUpa nahIM hai / yahI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA darzana va cintana hai| AcArAMga ke zastraparijJA nAmaka prathama adhyayana meM kaSAyarUpa athavA kaSAyajanya pravRttirUpa zastroM kA hI jJAna karAyA gayA hai / isameM batAyA gayA hai ki jo bAhya zauca ke bahAne pRthvI, jala ityAdi kA amaryAdita vinAza karate haiM ve hiMsA to karate hI haiM, corI bhI karate haiN| isI kA vivecana karate hue cUrNikAra ne kahA hai ki 'causaThThIe maTTiyAhi sa hAti' arthAt vaha cauMsaTha ( bAra ) miTTI se snAna karatA hai| kucha vaidikoM kI mAnyatA hai ki bhinna-bhinna aMgoM para kula milA kara cauMsaTha bAra miTTI lagAne para hI pavitra huA jA sakatA hai / manusmRti (a0 5, zlo0 135-145 ) meM bAhya zauca arthAt zarIra zuddhi va pAtra Adi kI zuddhi ke viSaya meM vistRta vidhAna hai / usameM vibhinna kriyAoM ke bAda zuddhi ke lie kisa-kisa aMga para kitanI-kitanI bAra miTTI va pAnI kA prayoga karanA cAhie, isakA spaSTa ullekha hai / isa vidhAna meM gRhastha, brahmacArI, vanavAsI evaM yati kA alaga-alaga vicAra kiyA gayA hai

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136 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa arthAt inakI apekSA se miTTI va pAnI ke prayoga kI saMkhyA meM vibhinnatA batAI gaI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne samAja ko Antarika zuddhi kI ora mor3ane ke lie kahA ki isa prakAra kI bAhya zuddhi hiMsA ko bar3hAne kA hI eka sAdhana hai / isase pRthvI, jala, agni, vanaspati tathA vAyu ke jIvoM kA kacUmara nikala jAtA hai / yaha ghora hiMsA kI jananI hai / isase aneka anartha utpanna hote haiM / zramaNa va brAhmaNa ko sarala bananA cAhie, niSkapaTa honA cAhie, pRthvI Adi ke jIvoM kA hanana nahIM karanA cAhie / pRthvI Adi prANarUpa haiM / inameM Agantuka jIva bhI rahate haiM / ataH zauca ke nimitta inakA upayoga karane se inakI tathA inameM rahane vAle prANiyoM kI hiMsA hotI hai / ataH yaha pravRtti zastrarUpa hai / AMtarika zuddhi abhilASiyoM ko isakA jJAna honA cAhie / yahI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zastraparijJA pravacana kA sAra hai / lie unheM mArate haiM / rUpa, rasa, gandha, zabda va sparza ajJAniyoM ke lie AvartarUpa haiM, aisA samajha kara vivekI ko inameM mUcchita nahIM honA cAhie / yadi pramAda ke kAraNa pahale inakI ora jhukAva rahA ho to aisA nizcaya karanA cAhie ki aba maiM inase bacUMgA - inameM nahIM phalU~gA- pUrvavat AcaraNa nahIM karU~gA / rUpAdi meM lolupa vyakti vividha prakAra kI hiMsA karate dikhAI dete haiM / kucha loga prANiyoM kA vadha kara unheM pUrA kA pUrA pakAte haiM / kucha camar3I ke kucha kevala mAMsa, rakta, pitta, carabI, paMkha, pU~cha, bAla, sIMga, dA~ta, nakha athavA haDDI ke lie unakA vadha karate haiM / kucha zikAra kA zauka pUrA karane ke lie prANiyoM kA vadha karate haiM / isa prakAra kucha loga apane kisI na lie jIvoM kA krUratApUrvaka nAza karate haiM to kucha niSprayojana karane meM tatpara rahate haiM / kucha loga kevala tamAzA dekhane ke lie sAMr3oM, hAthiyoM, murgoM vagairaha ko lar3Ate haiM / kucha sA~pa Adi ko mArane meM apanI bahAdurI samajhate haiM to kucha sA~pa Adi ko mAranA apanA dharma samajhate haiM / isa prakAra pUre zastra - parijJA adhyayana meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne saMsAra meM hone vAlI vividha prakAra kI hiMsA ke viSaya meM apane vicAra vyakta kiye haiM evaM usake pariNAma kI ora logoM kA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA hai| unhoMne batAyA hai ki yaha hiMsA hI grantha hai - parigraharUpa hai, moharUpa hai, mArarUpa hai, narakarUpa hai / kisI svArtha ke hI unakA nAza khoradeha-avestA nAmaka pArasI dharmagrantha ' meM pRthvI, jala, agni, vanaspati, pazu, pakSI, manuSya Adi ke sAtha kisI prakAra kA aparAdha na karane kI arthAt unake prati ghAtaka vyavahAra na karane kI zikSA do gaI hai / yahI bAta manusmRti meM dUsarI taraha 1. 'pateta pazemAnI' nAmaka prakaraNa.

Page #154
aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga 137 se kahI gaI hai / usameM culhe dvArA agni kI hiMsA kA, ghaTa dvArA jala kI hiMsA kA evaM isI prakAra ke anya sAdhanoM dvArA anya prakAra kI hiMsA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / ghaTa, cUlhA, cakkI Adi ko jIvavadha kA sthAna batAyA gayA hai evaM gRhastha ke lie inake prati sAvadhAnI rakhane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / zastraparijJA meM jo mArga batAyA gayA hai vaha parAkASThA kA mArga hai / usa parAkASThA ke mArga para pahu~cane ke lie anya avAntara mArga bhI haiM / inameM se eka mArga hai gRhasthAzrama kA / isameM bhI car3hate-utarate sAdhana haiM / ina saba meM eka bAta sarvAdhika mahattva kI hai aura vaha hai pratyeka prakAra kI maryAdA kA nirdhAraNa / isameM bhI jyoM-jyoM Age bar3hA jAya tyoM-tyoM maryAdA kA kSetra bar3hAyA jAya evaM anta meM anAsakta jIvana kA anubhava kiyA jaay| isI kA nAma ahiMsaka jIvanasAdhanA athavA AdhyAtmika zodhana hai / adhyAtma zuddhi ke lie deha, indriyA~, mana tathA anya bAhya padArtha sAdhanarUpa haiM / ina sAdhanoM kA upayoga ahiMsaka vRttipUrvaka honA cAhie | isa prakAra kI vRtti ke lie saMkalpazuddhi paramAvazyaka hai / saGkalpa kI zuddhi ke binA saba kriyAkANDa va pravRttiyA~ nirarthaka haiM / pravRtti bhale hI alpa ho kintu honI cAhie saGkalpazuddhipUrvaka / AdhyAtmika zuddhi hI jinakA lakSya hai ve kevala bher3acAla athavA rUr3higata pravAha meM ba~dha kara nahIM cala sakate / unake lie vivekayukta saGkalpazIlatA kI mahatI AvazyakatA hotI hai / dehadamana, indriyadamana, manodamana, tathA Arambha - samArambha, va viSaya - kaSAyoM ke tyAga ke sambandha meM jo bAteM zastraparijJA adhyayana meM batAI gaI haiM ve saba bAteM bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM bhinnabhinna sthAnoM para gItA evaM manusmRti meM bhI batAI gaI haiM / manu ne spaSTa kahA hai ki lohe ke mukha vAlA kASTha ( hala Adi ) bhUmi kA evaM bhUmi meM rahe hue anyaanya prANiyoM kA hanana karatA hai / ataH kRSi kI vRtti nindita hai / yaha vidhAna amuka koTi ke sacce brAhmaNa ke lie hai aura vaha bhI utsarga ke rUpa meM / apavAda ke taura para to aise brAhmaNa ke lie bhI isase viparIta vidhAna ho sakatA hai / bhUmi kI hI taraha jala Adi se saMbaMdhita Arambha samArambha kA bhI manusmRti meM niSedha kiyA gayA hai / gItA meM 'sarvArambhaparityAgI" ko paNDita kahA gayA hai| 1. manusmRti, a0 3, zlo0 68 / 2. kRSi sAdhviti manyante sA vRttiH sadvigarhitA / bhUmi bhUmizayAMzcaiva hanti kASThamayomukham || - manusmRti, a0 10, zlo0 84. 3. a0 4, zlo0 201-2. 4. a0 12, zlo0 16; a0 4, zlo0 19.

Page #155
138 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa evaM batAyA gayA hai ki jo samasta Arambha kA parityAgI hai vaha guNAtIta hai| usameM dehadamana kI bhI pratiSThA kI gaI hai evaM tapa ke bAhya va Antarika svarUpa para paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai / jaina paramparA ke tyAgI muniyoM ke tapazcaraNa kI bhAMti kAyaklezarUpa tapa sambandhI prarUpaNA vaidika paramparA ko bhI abhISTa hai / isI prakAra jalazauca arthAt snAna AdirUpa bAhya zauca kA tyAga bhI vaidika paramparA ko iSTa hai / AcArAMga ke prathama va dvitIya donoM zrutaskandhoM meM AcAravicAra kA jo varNana hai vaha saba manusmRti ke chaThe adhyAya meM varNita vAnaprastha va saMnyAsa ke svarUpa ke sAtha milatA-julatA hai| bhikSA ke niyama, kAyakleza sahana karane kI paddhati, upakaraNa, vRkSa ke mUla ke pAsa nivAsa, bhUmi para zayana, eka samaya bhikSA-caryA, bhUmi kA avalokana karate hue gamana karane kI paddhati, caturtha bhakta, aSTama bhakta Adi aneka niyamoM kA jaina paramparA ke tyAgI varga ke niyamoM ke sAtha sAmya hai / isI prakAra kA jaina paramparA ke niyamoM kA sAmya mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM upalabdha tapa evaM tyAga ke varNana ke sAtha bhI hai / bauddha paramparA ke niyamoM meM isa prakAra ko kaThoratA evaM dehadamanatA kA prAyaH abhAva dikhAI detA hai| __AcArAMga ke prathama adhyayana zastraparijJA meM samana AcArAMga kA sAra A jAtA hai ataH yahA~ anya adhyayanoM kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana na karate hue. AcArAMga meM Ane vAle paramatoM kA vicAra kiyA jAegA / AcArAMga meM ullikhita paramata : AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM jo paramatoM kA ullekha hai vaha kisI vizeSa nAmapUrvaka nahIM apitu 'ege' arthAt 'kucha logoM' ke rUpa meM hai jisakA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa cUNi athavA vRtti meM kiyA gayA hai / prArambha meM hI arthAt prathama adhyayana ke prathama vAkya meM ho yaha batAyA gayA hai ki 'iha egesi no sannA bhavai' arthAt isa saMsAra meM kucha logoM ko yaha bhAna nahIM hotA ki maiM pUrva se AyA huA hU~ yA dakSiNa se AyA huA hU~ athavA kisa dizA yA vidizA se AyA huA hU~ athavA Upara se yA nIce se AyA huA hai ? isI prakAra 'egesi no nAyaM bhavai' arthAt kucha ko yaha patA nahIM hotA ki merI AtmA aupapAtika hai athavA anaupapAtika, maiM kauna 1. sarvArambhaparityAgI guNAtItaH sa uccate-a0 14, zlo0 25. 2. a0 17, zlo0 5-6, 14, 16-7. 3. dekhiye-zrI lakSmaNazAstrI jozI likhita vaidika saMskRti kA itihAsa ( marAThI ), pR0 176.

Page #156
aMga granthoM kA aMta raMga paricayaH AcArAMga 139 thA va isake bAda kyA hoU~gA ? isake viSaya meM sAmAnyatayA vicAra karane para pratIta hogA ki yaha bAta sAdhAraNa janatA ko lakSya karake kahI gaI hai arthAt sAmAnya logoM ko apanI AtmA kA evaM usake bhAvI kA jJAna nahIM hotA / vizeSarUpa se vicAra karane para mAlUma hogA ki yaha ullekha tatkAlIna bhagavAn buddha ke satkAryavAda ke viSaya meM hai / buddha nirvANa ko svIkAra karate haiM, punarjanma ko bhI svIkAra karate haiM / aisI avasthA meM ve AtmA ko na mAnate hoM aisA nahIM ho sakatA | unakA AtmaviSayaka mata anAtmavAdI cArvAka jaisA nahIM hai / yadi unakA mata vaisA hotA to ve bhogaparAyaNa banate, na ki tyAgaparAyaNa / ve AtmA ko mAnate avazya haiM kintu bhinna prakAra se / ve kahate haiM ki AtmA ke viSaya meM gamanAgamana sambandhI arthAt vaha kahA~ se AI hai, kahA~ jAegI - isa prakAra kA vicAra karane se vicAraka ke Asrava kama nahIM hote, ulaTe naye Asrava utpanna hone lagate haiM / ataeva AtmA ke viSaya meM 'vaha kahA~ se AI haiM va kahA~ jAegI' isa prakAra kA vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / majjhimanikAya ke savvAsava nAmaka dvitIya sutta meM bhagavAn buddha ke vacanoM kA yaha Azaya spaSTa hai / AcArAMga meM bhI Age (tRtIya adhyayana ke tRtIya uddezaka meM) spaSTa batAyA gayA hai ki 'maiM kahAM se AyA hU~ ? maiM kahAM jAU~gA ?' ityAdi - vicAradhArAoM ko tathAgata buddha nahIM mAnate / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke AtmaviSayaka vacanoM ko uddiSTa kara cUrNikAra kahate haiM ki kriyAvAdI matoM ke eka sau assI bheda haiM / unameM se kucha AtmA ko sarvavyApI mAnate haiM / kucha mUrtta, kucha amUrta, kucha karttA, kucha akarttA mAnate haiM / kucha zyAmAka' parimANa, kucha taMDulaparimANa, kucha aMguSThaparimANa mAnate haiM / kucha loga AtmA ko dIpazikhA ke samAna kSaNika mAnate haiM / jo akriyAvAdI haiM ve AtmA kA astitva hI nahIM mAnate / jo ajJAnavAdI - ajJAnI haiM ve isa viSaya meM koI vivAda hI nahIM karate / vinayavAdI bhI ajJAnavAdiyoM ke hI samAna haiM / upaniSadoM meM AtmA ko zyAmAkaparimANa, taNDulaparimANa, aMguSThaparimANa Adi mAnane ke ullekha upalabdha haiM / prathama adhyayana ke tRtIya uddezaka meM 'aNagArA mo tti ege vayamANA' arthAt 'kucha loga kahate haiM ki hama anagAra haiM' aisA vAkya AtA hai / apane koanagAra kahane vAle ye loga pRthvI Adi kA AlaMbhana arthAt hiMsA karate hue nahIM hicakicAte / ye anagAra kauna haiM ? isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue cUrNikAra kahate. 1. anna vizeSa sA~vA. 2. chAndogya - tRtIya adhyAya caudahavA~ khaNDa; AtmopaniSad - prathama kaNDikA nArAyaNopaniSad - zlo0 71.

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140 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa haiM ki ye anagAra bauddha paramparA ke zramaNa haiM / ye loga grAma Adi dAna meM svIkAra karate haiM evaM grAmadAna Adi svIkRta kara vahA~ kI bhUmi ko ThIka karane ke lie hala, kudAlI Adi kA prayoga karate haiM tathA pRthvI kA va pRthvI meM rahe hue kITapataMgoM kA nAza karate haiN| isI prakAra kucha anagAra aise haiM jo snAna Adi dvArA jala kI va jala meM rahe hue jIvoM kI hiMsA karate haiN| snAna nahIM karane vAle AjIvika tathA anya sarajaska zramaNa snAnAdi pravRtti ke nimitta pAnI kI hiMsA nahIM karate kintu pIne ke lie to karate hI haiN| bauddha zramaNa (taccaNiyA) nahAne va pIne donoM ke lie pAnI kI hiMsA karate haiN| kucha brAhmaNa snAna-pAna ke atirikta yajJa ke bartanoM va anya upakaraNoM ko dhone ke lie bhI pAnI kI hiMsA karate haiN| isa prakAra AjIvika zramaNa, sarajaska zramaNa, bauddha zramaNa va brAhmaNa zramaNa kisI na kisI kAraNa se pAnI kA AlaMbhana-hiMsA karate haiM / mUla sUtra meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki 'ihaM ca khalu bho aNagArANaM udayaM jIvA viyAhiyA' arthAt jJAtaputrIya anagAroM ke pravacana meM hI jala ko jIvarUpa kahA gayA hai, 'na aNNesi' (cUNi) arthAt dUsaroM ke pravacana meM nhiiN| yahA~ 'dUsaroM' kA artha bauddha zramaNa samajhanA caahie| vaidika paramparA meM to jala ko jIvarUpa hI mAnA gayA hai, jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai| kevala bauddha paramparA hI aisI hai jo pAnI ko jIvarUpa nahIM maantii| isa viSaya meM miliMdapaJha meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki pAnI meM jIva nahIM hai-sattva nahIM hai : na hi mahArAja ! udakaM jIvati, natthi udake jIvo vA satto vA / dvitIya adhyayana ke dvitIya uddezaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki kucha loga yaha mAnate haiM ki hamAre pAsa devoM kA bala hai, zramaNoM kA bala hai| aisA samajha kara ve aneka hiMsAmaya AcaraNa karane se nahIM cUkate / ve aisA samajhate haiM ki brAhmaNoM ko khilAyeMge to paraloka meM sukha milegaa| isI dRSTi se ve yajJa bhI karate haiM / bakaroM, bhaiMsoM, yahA~ taka ki manuSyoM ke vadha dvArA caMDikAdi deviyoM ke yAga karate haiM evaM carakAdi brAhmaNoM ko dAna deMge to dhana milegA, kIrti prApta hogI va dharma sadhegA, aisA samajhakara aneka AlaMbhana-samAlaMbhana karate rahate haiM / isa ullekha meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM dharma ke nAma para calanevAlI hiMsaka pravRtti kA spaSTa nirdeza hai| caturtha adhyayana ke dvitIya uddezaka meM batAyA gayA hai isa jagat meM kucha zramaNa va brAhmaNa bhinna-bhinna rIti se vivAda karate hue kahate haiM ki hamane dekhA hai, hamane sunA hai hamane mAnA hai, hamane vizeSa taura se jAnA hai, tathA U~cI-nIcI va tirachI saba dizAoM meM saba prakAra se pUrI sAvadhAnIpUrvaka patA lagAyA hai ki 1. 50 253-255.

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aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga 141 sarva prANa, sarvabhUta, sarva jIta, sarva sattva hanana karane yogya haiM, saMtApa pahu~cAne yogya haiM, upadbhuta karane yogya haiM evaM svAmitva karane yogya haiM / aisA karane meM koI doSa nahIM / isa prakAra kucha zramaNoM va brAhmaNoM ke mata kA nirdeza kara sUtrakAra ne apanA abhimata batAte hue kahA hai ki yaha vacana anAryoM kA hai arthAt isa prakAra hiMsA kA samarthana karanA anAryamArga hai / ise AryoM ne durdarzana kahA hai, duHzravaNa kahA hai, durmata kahA hai, duvijJAna kahA hai evaM duSpratyavekSaNa kahA hai| hama aisA kahate haiM, aisA bhASaNa karate haiM; aisA batAte haiM, aisA prarUpaNa karate haiM ki kisI bhI prANa, kisI bhI bhUta, kisI bhI jIva, kisI bhI satva ko hananA nahIM cAhie, trasta nahIM karanA cAhie, paritApa nahIM pahu~cAnA cAhie, upadruta nahIM karanA cAhie evaM usa para svAmitva nahIM karanA cAhie / aisA karane meM hI doSa nahIM hai / yaha Aryavacana hai / isake bAda sUtrakAra kahate haiM ki hiMsA kA vidhAna karane vAle, evaM use nirdoSa mAnane vAle samasta pravAdiyoM ko ekatra kara pratyeka ko pUchanA cAhie ki tumheM mana kI anukUlatA duHkharUpa lagatI hai yA pratikUlatA ? yadi ve kaheM ki hameM to mana kI pratikUlatA duHkharUpa lagatI hai to unase kahanA cAhie ki jaise tumheM mana kI pratikUlatA duHkharUpa lagatI hai vaise hI samasta prANiyoM, bhUtoM, jIvoM va sattvoM ko bhI mana kI pratikUlatA duHkharUpa lagatI hai / ye vAdI AbhArthI haiM, vimoha nAmaka AThaveM adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki prANiyoM kA hanana karane vAle haiM, hanana karAne vAle haiM, hanana karane vAloM kA samarthana karane vAle haiM, adatta ko lene vAle haiM / ve nimna prakAra se bhinna-bhinna vacana bolate haiM : loka hai, loka nahIM hai, loka adhruva hai, loka sAdi hai, loka anAdi hai, loka sAnta hai, loka ananta hai, sukRta hai, duSkRta hai, kalyANa hai, pApa hai, sAdhu hai, asAdhu hai, siddhi hai, asiddhi hai, naraka hai, anaraka hai / isa prakAra kI tattvaviSayaka vipratipatti vAle ye vAdI apane-apane dharma kA pratipAdana karate haiM / sUtrakAra ne saba vAdoM ko sAmAnyatayA yAdRcchika ( Akasmika ) evaM hetuzUnya kahA hai tathA kisI nAma vizeSa kA ullekha nahIM kiyA haiM / inakI vyAkhyA karate hue cUrNikAra va vRttikAra ne vizeSataH vaidika zAkhA ke sAMkhya Adi matoM kA ullekha kiyA hai evaM zAkya arthAt bauddha bhikSuoM ke AcaraNa tathA unakI amuka mAnyatAoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai / AcArAMga kI hI taraha dIghanikAya ke brahmAtta meM bhI bhagavAn buddha ke samaya ke aneka vAdoM kA ullekha hai / nirgranthasamAja : tatkAlIna nirgrantha samAja ke vAtAvaraNa para bhI AcArAMga meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai / usa samaya ke nirgrantha sAmAnyatayA AcArasampanna, vivekI, tapasvI evaM

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa vinItavRtti vAle hI hote the, phira bhI kucha aise nirgrantha bhI the jo vartamAna kAla ke avinIta ziSyoM kI bhA~ti apane hitaiSI guru ke sAmane hone meM bhI nahIM hicakicAte / AcArAMga ke chaThe adhyayana ke cauthe uddezaka meM isI prakAra ke ziSyoM ko uddiSTa karake batAyA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra pakSI ke bacce ko usakI mAtA dAne de-dekara bar3A karatI hai usI prakAra jJAnI puruSa apane ziSyoM ko dina-rAta adhyayana karAte haiM / ziSya jJAna prApta karane ke bAda 'upazama' ko tyAga kara arthAt zAnti ko chor3akara jJAna denevAle mahApuruSoM ke sAmane kaThora bhASA kA prayoga prArambha karate haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM utkRSTa tyAga, tapa va saMyama ke aneka jIte-jAgate AdarzoM kI upasthiti meM bhI kucha zramaNa tapa-tyAga aMgIkAra karane ke bAda bhI usameM sthira nahIM raha sakate the evaM chipe chipe dUSaNa sevana karate the / AcArya ke pUchane para jhUTha bolane taka ke lie taiyAra ho jAte the / prastuta sUtra meM aisA eka ullekha upalabdha hai jo isa prakAra haiM : 'bahukrodhI. bahumAnI, bahukapaTI, bahulobhI, naTa kI bhA~ti vividha DhaMga se vyavahAra karane vAlA, zaThavat, vividha saMkalpa vAlA, AsravoM meM Asakta, mu~ha se utthita vAda karanevAlA, 'mujhe koI dekha na le' isa prakAra ke bhaya se apakRtya karane vAlA satata mUr3ha dharma ko nahIM jAnatA / jo catura AtmArthI hai vaha kabhI abrahmacarya kA sevana nahIM karatA / kadAcit kAmAveza meM abrahmacarya kA sevana ho jAya to usakA apalApa karanA arthAt AcArya ke sAmane use svIkAra na karanA mahAn mUrkhatA hai|' isa prakAra ke ullekha yahI batAte haiM ki ugra tapa, ugra saMyama, ugra brahmacarya yuga meM bhI koI-koI aise nikala Ate haiM / yaha vAsanA va kaSAya kI vicitratA hai / 142 jaina zramaNoM kA anya zramaNoM ke sAtha kisa prakAra kA sambandha rahatA thA, yaha bhI jAnane yogya hai / isa viSaya meM AThaveM adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka ke prArambha meM hI batAyA gayA hai ki samanojJa ( samAna AcAra-vicAra vAlA) bhikSu asamanojJa ( bhinna AcAra-vicAra vAlA) ko bhojana, pAnI, vastra, pAtra, kambala va pAdapuMcha na de, isake lie use nimantrita bhI na kareM, na usakI AdarapUrvaka sevA 1. mUlazabda 'pAyapuMchaNa' hai / prAkRta bhASA meM 'puMcha' dhAtu parimArjana artha meM AtA hai | dekhie - prAkRta-vyAkaraNa, 8.4.104. saMskRta bhASA kA 'mRj' dhAtu aura prAkRta bhASA kA 'puMcha' dhAtu samAnArthaka haiM / ataH 'pAyapuMchaNa' zabdakA saMskRta rUpAntara 'pAdamArjana' ho sakatA hai| jainaparamparA meM 'puMjaNI' nAma kA eka choTA-sA upakaraNa prasiddha hai / isakA sambandha bhI 'puMcha ' dhAtu hai aura yaha upakaraNa parimArjana ke lie hI upayukta hotA hai / 'aMgochA'

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aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga 143 hI kre| isI prakAra asamanojJa se ye saba vastue~ le bhI nahIM, na usake nimantraNa ko hI svIkAra kare aura na usase apanI sevA hI karAve / jaina zramaNoM meM anya zramaNoM ke saMsarga se kisI prakAra kI AcAra-vicAraviSayaka zithilatA na A jAya, isI dRSTi se yaha vidhAna hai| isake pIche kisI prakAra kI dveSa-buddhi athavA nindA-bhAva nahIM hai| AcArAMga ke vacanoM se milate vacana : AcArAMga ke kucha vacana anya zAstroM ke vacanoM se milate-julate haiM / AcArAMga meM eka vAkya hai 'dohiM vi aMtehiM adissamANe''-arthAt jo donoM antoM dvArA adRzyamAna hai arthAt jisakA pUrvAnta-Adi nahIM hai va pazcimAntaanta bhI nahIM hai / isa prakAra jo ( AtmA ) pUrvAnta va pazcimAnta meM dikhAI nahIM detaa| isI se milatA huA vAya tejobindu upaniSad ke prathama adhyayana ke teIsaveM zloka meM isa prakAra hai : AdAvante ca madhye ca jano'sminna vidyate / yenedaM satataM vyAptaM sa dezo vijanaH smRtaH / / yaha padya pUrNa AtmA athavA siddha AtmA ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM hai| AcArAMga ke uparyukta vAkya ke bAda hI dUsarA vAkya hai 'sa na chijjai na bhijjai na Dajjhai na hammai kaMcaNaM savvaloe' arthAt sarvaloka meM kisI ke dvArA AtmA kA chedana nahIM hotA, bhedana nahIM hotA, dahana nahIM hotA, hanana nahIM hotaa| isase milate hue vAkya upaniSad tathA bhagavadgItA meM isa prakAra haiM : na jAyate na mriyate na muhyati na bhidyate na dahyate / na chidyate na kampate na kupyate sarvadahano'yamAtmA / / --subAlopaniSad, navama khaNDa; IzAdyaSTottarazatopaniSad pR. 210. acchedyo'yamadAhyo'yamakledyo'zoSya eva ca / nityaH sarvagataH sthANuracalo'yaM sanAtanaH / / -bhagavadgItA, a. 2, zlo0 23. 'jassa natthi purA pacchA majjhe tassa kao siyA2 arthAt jisakA AgA zabda kA sambandha bhI 'aMgapucha' zabda ke sAtha hai| 'poMchanA' kriyApada isa 'pucha' dhAtu se hI sambandha rakhatA hai-poMchanA mAne parimArjana karanA / 1. AcArAMga, 1.3.3. 2. vahI 1.4.4.

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144 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa va pIchA nahIM hai usakA bIca kaise ho sakatA hai ? AcArAMga kA yaha vAkya bhI AtmaviSayaka hai / isase milatA-julatA vAkya gauDapAdakArikA meM isa prakAra hai : AdAvante ca yannAsti vartamAne'pi tattathA / janmamaraNAtIta, nityamukta AtmA kA svarUpa batAte hue sUtrakAra kahate haiM : savve sarA niyadRti / takkA jatya na vijjai, maI tattha na gaahiyaa| oe, appaiTThANassa kheyanne-se na dohe, na hasse, na vaTTa, na tase, na cauraMse, na parimaMDale, na kiNhe, na nole, na lohie, na hAlidde, na sukkile, na sarabhigaMdhe, na durabhigaMdhe, na tite, na kaDue, na kasAe, na aMbile, na mahure, na kakkhaDe, na maue, na gurue, na lahue, na soe, na uNhe, na niddhe, na lukkhe, na kAu, na ruhe, na saMge, na itthI, na purise, na annahA, parinne, sanne, uvamA na vijjai / arUvI sattA, apayassa payaM natthi, se na sahe, na rUve, na gaMdhe, na rase, na phAse, icceyAvaM ti vemi / 2 ye saba vacana bhinna-bhinna upaniSadoM meM isa prakAra milate haiM : 'na tatra cakSurgacchati na vAg gacchati na mano, na vidmo na vijAnImo yathaitad anuziSyAt anyadeva tad viditAt atho aviditAdapi iti zuzruma pUrveSAM ye nastad vyAcacakSire / 'azabdamasparzamarUpamavyayam, tathA'rasaM nityamagandhavacca yat / '4 'asthUlam, anaNu, ahrasvam, adIrgham, alohitam, asneham, acchAyam, atamo, avAyu, anAkAzam, asaMgam, arasam, agandham, acakSuSkam, azrotram, avAga, amano; atejaskam, aprANam, amukham, amAtram, anantaram; abAhyam, na tad aznAti kicana, na tad aznAti kazcana !'5 'nAntaHprajJam, na bahiHprajJama, nobhayataHprajJam, na prajJAnaghanam, na prajJam, nAprajJam, adRSTam, avyavahAryam, agrAhyam, alakSaNam, acintyam, avyapadezyam / 1. prakaraNa 2, zloka 6. 2. AcArAMga, 1.5.6. 3. kenopaniSad, khaM. 1, zlo0. 3. 4. kaThopaniSad, a. 1, zlo. 15. 5. bRhadAraNyaka, brAhmaNa 8, zloka 8. 6. mANDukyopaniSad, zloka 7.

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aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga 'yato vAco nivartante aprApya manasA saha / " 'acyuto'ham acintyo'ham ataryo'ham, aprANo'ham akAyo'ham azabdo'ham arUpo'ham, asparzo'ham araso'ham agandho'ham, agotro'ham, agAtro'ham, avAgo'ham adRzyo'ham avarNo'ham azruto'ham adRSTo'ham ....2 , 9 AcArAMga meM batAyA gayA hai ki jJAniyoM ke bAhu kRza hote haiM tathA mAMsa evaM rakta patalA hotA hai--kama hotA hai : AgayapannANANaM kisA bAhA bhavaMti paNu ya maMsa - soNie / 145 upaniSadoM meM bhI batAyA gayA hai ki jJAnI puruSa ko kRza honA cAhie, ityAdiH madhukarIvRttyA AhAramAharan kRzo bhUtvA medovRddhimakurvan AjyaM rudhiramiva tyajet - nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad, saptama upadeza yathAlAbhamaranIyAt prANasaMdhAraNArthaM yathA medovRddhinaM jAyate / kRzo bhUtvA grAme ekarAtram nagare..... . saMnyAsopaniSad, prathama adhyAya / AcArAMga prathamazrutaskandha ke aneka vAkya sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana evaM dazave - kAlika meM akSarazaH upalabdha haiM / isa sambandha meM zrI zubriMga ne AcArAMga ke svasampAdita saMskaraNa meM yathAsthAna paryApta prakAza DAlA hai / sAtha hI unhoMne AcArAMga ke kucha vAkyoM kI bauddha grantha dhammapada va suttanipAta ke sadRza vAkyoM se bhI tulanA kI hai / AcArAMga ke zabdoM se milate zabda : aba yahA~ kucha aise zabdoM kI carcA kI jAegI jo AcArAMga ke sAtha hI sAtha parazAstroM meM bhI upalabdha haiM tathA aise zabdoM ke sambandha meM bhI vicAra kiyA jAegA jinakI vyAkhyA cUrNikAra evaM vRttikAra ne vilakSaNa kI hai / 1. taittirIyopaniSad, brahmAnanda vallI 2, anuvAka 4 / 2. brahmavidyopaniSad, zloka 81-91 / 3. AcArAMga, 1.6.3 / 10 AcArAMga ke prArambha meM hI kahA gayA hai ki 'maiM kahA~ se AyA hU~ va kahA~ jAU~gA' aisI vicAraNA karane vAlA AyAvAI, logAvAI, kammAvAI, kiriyAvAI kahalAtA hai / AyAvAI kA artha hai AtmavAdI arthAt AtmA kA svatantra astitva svIkAra karane vaalaa| logAvAI kA artha hai lokavAdI arthAt loka kA astitva mAnane vAlA / kammAvAI kA artha hai karmavAdI evaM kiriyAvAI kA artha

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146 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa hai kriyaavaadii| ye cAroM vAda AtmA ke astitva para avalambita haiN| jo AtmavAdI hai vahI lokavAdI, karmavAdI evaM kriyAvAdI hai / jo AtmavAdI nahIM hai vaha lokavAdI, karmavAdI athavA kriyAvAdI nahIM hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM bauddhamata ko kriyAvAdI darzana kahA gayA hai : ahAvaraM purakkhAyaM kiriyAvAidarisaNaM (a. 1, u. 2, gA. 24) / isakI vyAkhyA karate hue cUrNikAra va vRttikAra bhI isI kathana kA samarthana karate haiM / isI sUtrakRta-aMgasUtra ke samavasaraNa nAmaka bArahaveM adhyayana meM kriyAvAdI Adi cAra vAdoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| vahA~ mUla meM kisI darzana vizeSa ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM hai tathApi vRttikAra ne akriyAvAdI ke rUpa meM bauddhamata kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha kaise ? sUtra ke mUla pATha meM jise kriyAvAdI kahA gayA hai evaM vyAkhyAna karate hue svayaM vRttikAra ne jisakA eka jagaha samarthana kiyA hai usI ko anyatra akriyAvAdI kahanA kahA~ taka yuktisaMgata hai ? AcArAMga meM Ane vAle 'eyAvaMti' va 'savvAvaMti' ina do zabdoM kA cUrNikAra ne koI spaSTIkaraNa nahIM kiyA hai| vRttikAra zIlAMkasUri inakI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM : etau dvau zabdo mAgadhadezIbhASAprasiddhayA, 'etAvantaH sarve'pi ityetatparyAyau' ( AcArAMgavRtti, pR. 25 ) arthAt ye do zabda magadha kI dezI bhASA meM prasiddha haiM evaM inakA 'itane sAre' aisA artha hai / prAkRta vyAkaraNa ko kisI prakriyA dvArA 'etAvantaH' ke artha meM 'eyAvaMti' siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura na 'sarve'pi' ke artha meM 'savvAvaMti' hI sAdhA jA sakatA hai / vRttikAra ne paramparA ke anusAra artha samajhAne kI paddhati kA Azraya liyA pratIta hotA hai : bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM ( tRtIya brAhmaNa meM) 'lokasya sarvAvataH' arthAt 'sAre loka kI' aisA prayoga AtA hai| yahA~ 'sarvAvataH' 'sarvAvata' kA SaSThI vibhakti kA rUpa hai / isakA prathamA kA bahuvacana 'sarvAvantaH' ho sakatA hai| AcArAMga ke savvAvaMti aura upaniSad ke 'sarvAvataH' ina donoM prayogoM kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| AcArAMga meM eka jagaha 'akasmAt' zabda kA prayoga milatA hai : AThaveM adhyayana meM jahA~ aneka vAdoM-loka hai, loka nahIM hai ityAdi kA nirdeza hai vahA~ ina saba vAdoM ko nirhetuka batAne ke lie 'akasmAt' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / sampUrNa AcArAMga meM, yahA~ taka ki samasta aMgasAhitya meM aMtyavyaJjanayukta aisA vijAtIya prayoga anyatra kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| vRttikAra ne isa zabda kA spaSTIkaraNa bhI pUrvavat magadha kI dezI bhASA ke rUpa meM hI kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM : 'akasmAt iti mAgadhadeze AgopAlAGganAdinA saMskRtasyaiva

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aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya: AcArAMga 147 uccAraNAd ihApi tathaiva uccAritaH iti' ( AcArAMgavRttiH pR0 242 ) arthAt magadha deza meM gvAlineM bhI 'akasmAt ' kA prayoga karatI haiM / ataH yahA~ bhI isa zabda kA vaisA hI prayoga huA hai / muNDakopaniSad ke ( prathama muNDaka, dvitIya khaNDa, zloka 9 ) ' yat dharmiNo na pravedayanti rAgAt tena AturAH kSINalokAzcavante' isa padya meM jisa artha meM 'Atura' zabda hai usI artha meM AcArAMga kA Aura - Atura zabda bhI hai / 'lokabhASA meM 'kAmAtura' kA prayoga isI prakAra kA hai / logoM meM jo-jo vastue~ zastra ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiM unake atirikta anya padArthoM arthAt bhAvoM ke lie bhI zastra zabda kA prayoga hotA hai / AcArAMga meM rAga, dveSa, krodha, lobha, moha evaM tajjanya samasta pravRttiyoM ko sattha - zastrarUpa kahA gayA hai / anya kisI zAstra meM isa artha meM 'zastra' zabda kA prayoga dikhAI nahIM detA / bauddhapiTakoM meM jisa artha meM 'mAra' zabda kA prayoga huA hai usI artha meM AcArAMga meM bhI 'mAra' zabda prayukta hai / suttanipAta ke kappamANavapucchA sutta ke caturtha padya va bhadrAvudhamANavapucchA sutta ke tRtIya padya meM bhagavAn buddha ne 'mAra' kA svarUpa spaSTa samajhAyA hai / lokabhASA meM jise 'zaitAna' kahate haiM vahI 'mAra' hai / sarva prakAra kA AlaMbhana zaitAna kI preraNA kA hI kArya hai / sUtrakAra ne isa tathya kA pratipAdana 'mAra' zabda ke dvArA kiyA hai / isI prakAra 'naraa' - 'naraka' zabda kA prayoga bhI sarva prakAra ke AlaMbhana ke lie kiyA gayA hai / nirAlaMba upaniSad meM baMdha, mokSa, svarga, naraka Adi aneka zabdoM kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai / usameM naraka kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai : 'asatsaMsAraviSayajanasaMsarga 'eva narakaH' arthAt asat saMsAra, usake viSaya evaM asajjanoM kA saMsarga hI naraka hai / yahA~ saba prakAra ke AlaMbhana ko 'naraka' zabda se nirdiSTa kiyA hai / isa prakAra 'naraka' zabda kA jo artha upaniSad ko abhISTa hai vahI AcArAMga ko bhIabhISTa hai / AcArAMga meM niyAgapaDivanna' niyAgapratipanna ( a. 1, u. 3 ) pada meM 'niyAga' zabda kA prayoga hai / yAga va niyAga paryAyavAcI zabda haiM jinakA artha hai yajJa / ina zabdoM kA prayoga vaidika paramparA meM vizeSa hotA hai / jaina paramparA meM 'niyAga' zabda kA artha bhinna prakAra se kiyA gayA hai / AcArAMga - vRttikAra ke zabdoM meM 'yajanaM yAgaH niyato nizcito vA yAgaH niyAgo mokSamArgaH saMgatArthatvAd dhAtoH - samyagjJAnadarzanacAritrAtmatayA gataM saMgatam iti taM niyAgaM samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrAtmakaM mokSamArga pratipannaH ' ( AcArAMga vRtti, pR0 38 ) arthAt jisameM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna va samyak cAritra kI saMgati ho vaha mArga arthAt mokSamArga niyAga hai / mUlasUtra meM

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148 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 'niyAga' ke sthAna para 'nikAya' athavA 'niyAya' pAThAntara bhI hai| vRttikAra likhate haiM : 'pAThAntaraM vA nikAyapratipannaH-nirgataH kAyaH audArikAdiyasmAt yasmin vA sati sa nikAyo mokSaH taM pratipannaH nikAyapratipannaH tatkAraNasya samyagdarzanAdeH svazaktyA'nuSThAnAt' ( AcArAMgavRtti, pR0 38) arthAt jisameM se audArikAdi zarIra nikala gaye haiM athavA jisakI upasthiti meM audArikAdi zarIra nikala gaye haiM vaha nikAya arthAt mokSa hai| jisane mokSa kI sAdhanA svIkAra kI hai vaha 'nikAyapratipanna' hai| cUNikAra ne pAThAntara na dete hue kevala 'nikAya' pATha ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai tathA usakA artha isa prakAra kiyA hai : 'NikAo NAma desappadesabahuttaM NikAyaM paDivajjati jahA AUjIvA ahavA NikAyaM NicvaM mokkhaM maggaM paDivanno' ( AcArAMgacUNi, pR0 25 ) arthAt NikAya kA artha hai dezapradeza-bahutva / jisa artha meM jaina pravacana meM 'atthikAya'-'astikAya' zabda pracalita hai usI artha meM 'nikAya' zabda bhI svIkRta hai, aisA cUrNikAra kA kathana hai| jisane pAnI ko nikAyarUpa-jIvarUpa svIkAra kiyA hai vaha nikAyapratipanna hai| athavA nikAya kA artha hai mokSa / vRttikAra ne kevala mokSa artha ko svIkAra kara niyAga' athavA 'nikAya' zabda kA vivecana kiyA hai / 'mahAvIhi' evaM 'mahAjANa' zabdoM kA vyAkhyAna karate hue cUNikAra tathA vRttikAra donoM ne ina zabdoM ko mokSamArga kA sUcaka athavA mokSa ke sAdhanarUpa samyagdarzana-jJAna-tapa Adi kA sUcaka batAyA hai| mahAvIhi arthAt mahAvIthi evaM mahAjANa arthAt mahAyAna / 'mahAvIhi' zabda sUtrakRtAMga ke vaitAlIya nAmaka dvitIya adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka kI 21 vI gAthA meM bhI AtA hai : 'paNayA vIrA mahAvIhi siddhipahaM' ityAdi / yahAM 'mahAvIhi' kA artha 'mahAmArga' batAyA gayA hai aura use 'siddhipaha' arthAt 'siddhipatha' ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra AcArAMga meM prayukta 'mahAvIhi' zabda kA jo artha hai vahI sUtrakRtAMga meM prayukta 'mahAvIhi' zabda kA bhI hai / 'mahAjANa'-'mahAyAna' zabda jo ki jaina paramparA meM mokSamArga kA sUcaka hai, bauddha darzana ke eka bheda ke rUpa meM bhI pracalita hai| prAcIna bauddha paramparA kA nAma hInayAna hai aura bAda kI nayI bauddha paramparA kA nAma mahAyAna hai / prastuta sUtra meM 'vIra' va 'mahAvIra' kA prayoga bAra-bAra AtA hai / ye donoM zabda vyApaka artha meM bhI samajhe jA sakate haiM aura vizeSa nAma ke rUpa meM bhI / jo saMyama ko sAdhanA meM zUra hai vaha vIra athavA mahAvIra hai| jainadharma ke antima tIrthakara kA mUla nAma to vardhamAna hai kintu apanI sAdhanA kI zUratA ke kAraNa ve

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aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga 149 vIra athavA mahAvIra kahe jAte haiM / 'vIra' va 'mahAvIra' zabdoM kA artha ina donoM rUpoM meM samajhA jA sakatA hai / isa sUtra meM prayukta 'Ariya' va 'aNAriya' zabdoM kA artha vyApaka rUpa meM samajhanA cAhie / jo samyak AcAra-sampanna haiM-ahiMsA kA sarvAMgINa AcaraNa karane vAle haiM ve Ariya-Arya haiM / jo vaise nahIM haiM ve aNAriya-anArya haiN| mehAvI ( medhAvI ), maimaM ( matimAn ), dhIra, paMDia (paNDita ), pAsaa ( pazyaka ), vIra, kusala ( kuzala ) mAhaNa ( brAhmaNa ), nANI ( jJAnI ), paramacakkhu ( paramacakSuSa ), muNi (muni), buddha, bhagavaM ( bhagavAn ), Asupanna ( AzuprajJa ), Ayayacakkhu ( AyatacakSuSa ) Adi zabdoM kA prayoga prastuta sUtra meM kaI bAra huA hai / inakA artha bahuta spaSTa hai / ina zabdoM ko sunate hI jo sAmAnya bodha hotA hai vahI inakA mukhya artha hai aura yahI mukhya artha yahAM barAbara saMgata ho jAtA hai| aisA hote hue bhI cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ne ina zabdoM kA jaina paribhASA ke anusAra viziSTa artha kiyA hai| udAharaNa ke lie pAsaa ( pazyakadraSTA ) kA artha sarvajJa athavA kevalI, kusala ( kuzala ) kA artha tIrthakara athavA vardhamAna svAmI, muNi ( muni ) kA artha trikAlajJa athavA tIrthaMkara kiyA hai / jANai-pAsai kA prayoga bhASAzailI ke rUpa meM : AcArAMga meM 'akammA jANai pAsai' (5,6), 'AsupanneNa jANayA pAsayA' ( 7, 1), 'ajANao apAsao' ( 5, 4) Adi vAkya Ate haiM, jinameM kevalI ke jAnane va dekhane kA ullekha hai / isa ullekha ko lekara prAcIna granthakAroM ne sarvajJa ke jJAna va darzana ke kramAkrama ke viSaya meM bhArI vivAda khar3A kiyA hai aura jisake kAraNa eka Agamika pakSa va dUsarA tAkika pakSa isa prakAra ke do pakSa bhI paidA ho gaye haiN| mujhe to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki 'jANai' va 'pAsai' ye do kriyApada kevala bhASAzailI-bolane kI eka zailI ke pratIka haiN| kahane vAle ke mana meM jJAna va darzana ke krama-akrama kA koI vicAra nahIM rahA hai / jaise anyatra 'pannavemi parUvemi bhAsemi' Adi kriyApadoM kA samAnArtha meM prayoga huA hai vaise hI yahA~ bhI 'jANai pAsai' rUpa yugala kriyApada samAnArtha meM prayukta hue haiM / jo manuSya kevalI nahIM hai arthAt chadamastha hai usake lie bhI 'jANai pAsai' athavA 'ajANao apAsao' kA prayoga hotA hai| darzana jJAna ke krama ke anusAra to pahale 'pAsai' athavA 'apAsao' aura bAda meM 'jANai' athavA 'ajANao' kA prayoga honA cAhie kintu ye vacana isa prakAra ke kisI krama ko dRSTi meM rakhakara nahIM kahe gaye haiN| yaha to bolane kI eka zailI mAtra hai / bauddha granthoM meM bhI isa zailI kA prayoga dikhAI detA hai / majijhamanikAya ke savvAsava

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150 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sutta meM bhagavAn buddha ke mukha se ye zabda kahalAye gaye haiM : 'jAnato ahaM bhikkhave parasato AsavAnaM khayaM vadAmi, no ajAnato no apassato' arthAt he bhikSuo ! maiM jAnatA huA -- dekhatA huA AsavoM ke kSaya kI bAta karatA hU~, nahIM jAnatA huA nahIM dekhatA huA nhiiN| isI prakAra kA prayoga bhagavatI sUtra meM bhI milatA hai : 'je ime bhaMte ! beiMdiyA paMcidiyA jIvA eesi ANAmaM vA pANAmaM vA ussAsa vA nissAsaM vA jANAmo pAsAmo, je ime puDhavikAiyA .... egidiyA jIvA eesi NaM ANAmaM vAnIsAsaM vA na yANAmo na pAsAmo' (za. 2, u. 1 ) - dvIMdriyAdika jIva jo zvAsocchvAsa Adi lete haiM vaha hama jAnate haiM, dekhate haiM kintu ekendriya jIva jo zvAsa Adi lete haiM vaha hama nahIM jAnate, nahIM dekhate / jJAna ke svarUpa kI paribhASA ke anusAra darzana sAmAnya, upayoga sAmAnya, bodha athavA nirAkAra pratIti hai, jaba ki jJAna vizeSa upayoga, vizeSa bodha athavA sAkAra pratIti hai / manaHparyAya upayoga jJAnarUpa hI mAnA jAtA hai, darzanarUpa nahIM, kyoMki usameM vizeSa kA hI bodha hotA hai, sAmAnya kA nahIM / aisA hote hue bhI naMdIsUtra meM Rjumati evaM vipulamati manaHparyAyajJAnI ke lie 'jANai' va 'pAsa' donoM padoM kA prayoga huA hai / yadi 'jANaI' pada kevala jJAna kA hI dyotaka hotA aura 'pAsai' pada kevala darzana kA hI pratIka hotA to manaHparyAyajJAnI ke lie kevala 'jAI' pada kA hI prayoga kiyA jAtA, 'pAsa' pada kA nahIM / naMdI meM etadviSayaka pATha isa prakAra hai davtrao NaM ujjumaI NaM aNate anaMtapaesie khaMdhe jANai pAsai, te ceva viulamaI abbhahiyatarAe viulatarAe vitimiratarAe jANai pAsai / khettao NaM ujjumaI jahantreNaM. ........ukkoseNaM maNogae bhAve jANai pAsai, taM caiva viulamaI visuddhataraM.. . jANai pAsai / kAlao NaM ujjumaI jahanneNaM....ukkoseNaM pi jANai pAsai taM ceva viulamaI visuddhatarAgaM...... jANai pAsa | bhAvao NaM ujjumaI. . jANai pAsai / taM ceva viulamaI visuddhatarAgaM jANai pAsai / iso prakAra zrutajJAnoM ke sambandha meM bhI naMdIsUtra meM 'suaNANI uvautte savtradavvAI jANai pAsaI' aisA pATha AtA hai / zrutajJAna bhI jJAna hI hai, darzana nahIM / phira bhI usake lie 'jANai' va 'pAsa' donoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / 'jANai pAsaI' kA darzana ke krama-akrama yaha saba dekhate hue yahI mAnanA vizeSa ucita hai ki prayoga kevala eka bhASAzailI hai / isake AdhAra para jJAna va kA vicAra karanA yuktiyukta nahIM /

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aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya: AcArAMga vasupada : AcArAMga meM vasu, aNuvasu, vasumaMta, duvvasu Adi vasu pada vAle zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai / 'vasu' zabda avestA, veda evaM upaniSad meM bhI milatA hai / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha zabda bahuta prAcIna hai / avestA meM isa zabda kA prayoga 'pavitra' ke artha meM huA hai| vahAM isakA uccAraNa 'vasu' na hokara 'vohU' hai / veda va upaniSad meM isakA uccAraNa 'vasu' ke rUpa meM hI hai / ' upaniSad meM prayukta 'vasu' zabda haMsa arthAt pavitra AtmA kA dyotaka hai : haMsaH zucivad vasuH (kaThopaniSad, vallI 5, zloka 2; chAndogyopaniSad, khaMDa 16, zloka 1-2 ) / bAda meM isa zabda kA prayoga vasu nAmaka ATha devoM athavA dhana ke artha meM hone lagA / AcArAMga meM isa zabda kA prayoga AtmArthI pavitra muni evaM AtmArthI pavitra gRhastha ke artha meM huA hai / vasu arthAt muni / aNuvasu arthAt choTA muniAtmArthI pavitra gRhastha / dubvasu arthAt muktigamana ke ayogya muni - apavitra muni - AcArahIna muni / veda : vervaM - vedavAn aura veyavI - vedavit ina donoM zabdoM kA prayoga AcArAMga meM bhinna-bhinna adhyayanoM meM huA hai / cUrNikAra ne inakA vivecana karate hue likhA hai : 'vetijjai jeNa sa vedo taM vedayati iti vedavi' (AcArAMga - cUrNi, pR. 152) 'vadavI - titthagara eva kittayati vivegaM, duvAlasaMgaM vA pravacanaM vedo taM je vedayati sa vedavI' ( vahI pR. 185) / ina avataraNoM meM cUrNikAra ne tIrthaMkara ko vedavI - vedavit kahA hai / jisase vedana ho arthAt jJAna ho vaha veda hai / isIlie jaina sUtroM ko arthAt dvAdazAMga pravacana ko veda kahA gayA hai / niyuktikAra ne AcArAMga ko vedarUpa batAyA hai / vRttikAra ne bhI isa kathana kA samarthana kiyA hai evaM AcArAdi AgamoM ko veda tathA tIrthaMkaroM, gaNadharoM evaM caturdazapUrviyoM ko vedavit kahA hai| isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM RgvedAdi ko hiMsAcArapradhAna hone ke kAraNa veda na mAnate hue ahiMsAcArapradhAna AcArAMgAdi ko veda mAnA gayA hai / vasudevahiDI ( prathamabhAga, pR. 183-193 ) meM isI prakAra ke granthoM ko Aryaveda kahA gayA hai / vastutaH dekhA jAya to veda kI pratiSThA se prabhAvita ho kara hI apane zAstra ko veda nAma diyA gayA hai, yahI mAnanA ucita hai / 1. avestA ke lie dekhie -- gAthAo para navo prakAza, pR. 448, 462, 464, 823. veda ke lie dekhie RRgveda maMDala 2, sUkta 23, maMtra 9 tathA sUkta 11, maMtra 1. 151 -

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152 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa AmagaMdha: AcArAMga ke 'savvAmagaMdhaM parinnAya nirAmagaMdhe parivvae' (2,5 ) vAkya meM yaha nirdeza kiyA gayA hai ki muni ko sarva AmagaMdhoM ko jAnakara unakA tyAga karanA cAhie evaM nirAmagaMdha hI vicaraNa karanA cAhie / carNikAra athavA vRttikAra ne AmagaMdha kA vyutpattipUrvaka artha nahIM batAyA hai| unhoMne kevala yahI kahA hai ki 'AmagaMdha' zabda AhAra se sambandhita doSa kA sUcaka hai / jo AhAra udgama doSa se dUSita ho athavA zuddhi kI dRSTi se doSayukta ho vaha AmagaMdha kahA jAtA hai| sAmAnyatayA 'Ama' kA artha hotA hai kaccA aura gaMdha kA artha hotA hai vAsa / jisakI gaMdha Ama ho vaha AmagaMdha hai / isa dRSTi se jo AhArAdi paripakva na ho arthAt jisameM kacce kI gandha mAlUma hotI ho vaha AmagaMdha meM samAviSTa hotA hai| jaina bhikSuoM ke lie isa prakAra kA AhAra tyAjya hai / lakSaNA se 'AmagaMdha' zabda isI prakAra ke AhArAdi sambandhI anya doSoM kA bhI sUcaka hai| bauddhapiTaka grantha suttanipAta meM 'AmagaMdha' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| usameM tiSya nAmaka tApasa aura bhagavAn buddha ke bIca 'AmagaMdha' ke vicAra ke viSaya meM eka saMvAda hai| yaha tApasa kaMda, mUla, phala jo kucha bhI dharmAnusAra milatA hai usake dvArA apanA nirvAha karatA hai evaM tApasadharma kA pAlana karatA hai| use bhagavAn buddha ne kahA ki he tApasa ! tU jo parapradatta athavA svopArjita kaMda Adi grahaNa karatA hai vaha AmagaMdha hai-amedhyavastu-apavitrapadArtha hai| yaha sunakara tiSya ne buddha se kahA ki he brahmabandhu ! tU svayaM susaMkRta-acchI taraha se pakAye hue pakSiyoM ke mAMsa se yukta cAvala kA bhojana karane vAlA hai aura maiM kaMda Adi khAne vAlA huuN| phira bhI tU mujhe to AmagaMdhabhojI kahatA hai aura apane Apako nirAmagaMdhabhojI / yaha kaise ? isakA uttara dete hue buddha kahate haiM ki prANaghAta, vadha, cheda, corI, asatya, vaMcanA, lUTa, vyabhicAra Adi anAcAra AmagaMdha hai. mAMsabhojana AmagaMdha nhiiN| asaMyama, jihvAlolupatA, apavitra AcaraNa, nAstikatA, viSamatA tathA avinaya AmagaMdha hai. mAMsAhAra AmagaMdha nahIM / isa prakAra prastuta sUtra meM samasta doSoM-AMtarika va bAhya doSoM ko AmagaMdha kahA gayA hai| AcArAMga meM prayukta 'AmagaMdha' kA artha AMtarika doSa to hai hI, sAtha hI mAMsAhAra bhI hai| jaina bhikSuoM ke liye mAMsAhAra ke tyAga kA vidhAna hai| 'savvAmagaMdhaM parinnAya' likhane kA vAstavika artha yahI hai ki bAhya va AMtarika

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aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya: AcArAMga 153 saba prakAra kA AmagaMdha heya hai arthAt bAhya AmagaMdha - mAMsAdi evaM Antarika AmagaMdha - Amyantarika doSa ye donoM hI tyAjya haiM / Asrava va parisrava : 'je AsavA te parissavA, je parissavA te AsavA; je aNAsavA te aparissavA, je aparissavA te aNAsavA' AcArAMga ( a. 4, u. 2 ) ke isa vAkya kA artha samajhane ke liye Asrava va parisrava kA artha jAnanA jarUrI hai / Asrava zabda 'baMdhana ke hetu' ke artha meM aura parisrava zabda 'baMdhana ke nAza ke hetu' ke artha meM jaina va bauddha paribhASA meM rUr3ha hai / ataH 'je AsavA. baMdhana ke nAza ke hetu haiM ve anAsrava haiM arthAt baMdhana bana jAte haiM aura jo vAkyoM kA gUDhArtha AdhAra para samajhA kI vicitratA ke artha yaha huA ki jo Asrava haiM arthAt baMdhana ke hetu haiM ve kaI bAra parisrava arthAt baMdhana ke nAza ke hetu bana jAte haiM aura jo - kaI bAra baMdhana ke hetu bana jAte haiM / isI prakAra jo ke hetu nahIM haiM ve kaI bAra aparisrava arthAt baMdhana ke hetu baMdhana ke hetu haiM ve kaI bAra baMdhana ke ahetu bana jAte haiM / ina 'mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM bandha-mokSayoH' ke siddhAnta ke jA sakatA hai / baMdhana va mukti kA kAraNa mana hI hai / mana kAraNa hI jo hetu baMdhana kA kAraNa hotA hai vahI mukti kA jAtA hai / isI prakAra mukti kA hetu baMdhana kA kAraNa bhI udAharaNa ke lie eka hI pustaka kisI ke lie jJAnArjana kA kAraNa banatI hai to kisI ke lie kleza kA, athavA kisI samaya vidyopArjana kA hetu banatI hai to kisI samaya kalaha kA / tAtparya yaha hai ki cittazuddhi athavA apramattatA - pUrvaka kI jAne vAlI kriyAeM hI anAsrava athavA parisrava kA kAraNa banatI haiM / azuddha citta athavA pramAdapUrvaka kI gaI kriyAe~ Asrava athavA aparisrava kA kAraNa hotI haiM / varNAbhilASA : bhI kAraNa bana bana sakatA hai / 'vaNNA esI nArabhe kaMcaNaM savvaloe' ( AcArAMga, a. 5, u. 2 sU. 155 ) kA artha isa prakAra hai : varNa kA abhilASI loka meM kisI kA bhI AlaMbhana na kare / varNa arthAt prazaMsA, yaza, kIrti / usake AdezI arthAt abhilASI ko sAre saMsAra meM kisI kI bhI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie; kisI kA bhI bhoga nahIM lenA cAhie / isI prakAra asatya, caurya Adi kA bhI AcaraNa nahIM karanA cAhie / yaha eka artha hai / dUsarA artha isa prakAra hai : saMsAra meM kIrti athavA prazaMsA ke lie dehadamanAdika kI pravRtti nahIM karanI caahie| tIsarA artha yoM hai : loka meM varNa arthAt rUpasaundarya le lie kisI prakAra kA saMskAra - snAnAdi kI pravRtti nahIM karanI cAhie /

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154 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa uparyukta sUtra meM mumukSuoM ke lie kisI prakAra kI hiMsA na karane kA vidhAna hai| isameM kisI apavAda kA ullekha athavA nirdeza nahIM hai / phira bhI vRttikAra kahate haiM ki pravacana ko prabhAvanA ke liye arthAt jaina zAsana kI kIrti ke lie koI isa prakAra kA AraMbha-hiMsA kara sakatA hai : pravacanodbhAvanArtha tu Arabhate (AcArAMgavRtti, pR. 192) 1 vRttikAra kA yaha kathana. kahA~ taka yuktisaMgata hai, yaha vicAraNIya hai| muniyoM ke upakaraNa : AcArAMga meM bhikSu ke vastra ke upayoga evaM anupayoga ke sambandha meM jo pATha. haiM unameM kahIM bhI vRttikAranirdiSTa jinakalpa Adi bhedoM kA ullekha nahIM hai, kevala. bhikSu kI sAdhana sAmagrI kA nirdeza hai| isameM acelakatA evaM sacelakatA kA pratipAdana bhikSu kI apanI paristhiti ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue kiyA gayA hai / isa viSaya meM kisI prakAra kI anivAryatA ko sthAna nahIM hai| yaha kevala Atmabala va dehabala kI taratamatA para AdhArita hai| jisakA Atmabala athavA dehabala apekSA. kRta alpa hai use bhI sUtrakAra ne sAdhanA kA pUrA avasara diyA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA hai ki acelaka, trivastradhArI, dvivastradhArI, ekavastradhArI evaM kevala lajjAnivAraNArtha vastra kA upayoga karane vAlA ye saba bhikSu samAnarUpa se AdaraNIya haiM, ina sabake prati samAnatA kA bhAva rakhanA cAhie / samattameva smbhijaanniyaa| inameM se amuka prakAra ke muni uttama haiM athavA zreSTha haiM evaM amuka prakAra ke hIna haiM athavA adhama haiM, aisA nahIM samajhanA caahie| yahA~ eka bAta. vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / prathama zrutaskandha meM muniyoM ke upakaraNoM ke sambandha meM Ane vAle samasta ullekhoM meM kahoM bhI muhapattI nAmaka upakaraNa kA nirdeza nahIM hai / unameM kevala vastra, pAtra, kaMbala, pAdapuMchana, avagraha tathA kaTAsana kA nAma hai : vatthaM paDiggahaM kaMbalaM pAyapuchaNaM oggahaM ca kaDAsaNaM ( 2, 5), vatthaM paDiggaha kaMbalaM pAyapuchaNaM ( 6, 2), vatthaM vA paDiggahaM vA kaMbalaM vA pAyapuchaNaM vA (8, 1), vatthaM vA paDiggahaM vA kaMbalaM vA pAyapuMchaNaM vA (8, 2) / bhagavatIsUtra meM tathA anya aGgasUtroM meM jahAM-jahA~ dIkSA lene vAloM kA adhikAra AtA hai vahAM-vahAM rajoharaNa tathA pAtra ke sivAya kisI anya upakaraNa kA ullekha nahIM dIkhatA hai / yaha hakIkata bhI muhapattI ke sambandha meM vivAda khar3A karane vAlI hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM 'gautama mu~hapattI kA pratilekhana karate haiN| isa prakAra kA ullekha AtA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki AcArAMga kI racanA ke samaya mu~hapattI kA bhikSuoM ke upakaraNoM meM samAveza na thA kintu bAda meM isakI vRddhi kI gaI / muMhapattI ke bAMdhane kA ullekha to kahIM dikhAI nahIM detaa| saMbhava hai bolate samaya

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aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga 155 anya para thUka na gire tathA pustaka para bhI bhU~ka na par3e, isa dRSTi se mu~hapattI kA upayoga prArambha huA ho / mu~ha para mu~hapattI bAMdha rakhane kA rivAja to bahuta samaya bAda hI calA hai / " mahAvIra caryA : kI ghaTanA kA AcArAMga ke upadhAnazruta nAmaka navaveM adhyayana meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jo caritra diyA gayA hai vaha bhagavAn kI jIvanacaryA kA sAkSAt dyotaka hai / usameM kahIM bhI atyukti nahIM hai / unake pAsa iMdra, sUrya Adi ke Ane kahIM bhI nirdeza nahIM hai / isa adhyayana meM bhagavAn ke dharmacakra ke pravartana arthAt upadeza kA spaSTa ullekha hai / isameM bhagavAn kI dIkSA se lekara nirvANa taka kI samagra jIvana- ghaTanA kA ullekha hai / bhagavAn ne sAdhanA kI, vItarAga hue, dezanA dI arthAt upadeza diyA aura anta meM 'abhinivvuDe' arthAt nirvANa prApta kiyA / isa adhyayana meM eka jagaha aisA pATha hai : - appaM tiriyaM pehAe appaM piTThao va pehAe / appaM bui paDibhANI paMthapehI care jayamANe // arthAt bhagavAn dhyAna karate samaya tirachA nahIM dekhate athavA kama dekhate, pIche nahIM dekhate athavA kama dekhate, bolate nahIM athavA kama bolate, uttara nahIM dete. athavA kama dete evaM mArga ko dhyAnapUrvaka yatanA se dekhate hue calate / isa sahaja caryA kA bhagavAn ke janmajAta mAne jAne vAle avadhijJAna ke sAtha virodha hotA dekha cUrNikAra isa prakAra samAdhAna karate haiM ki bhagavAn ko AMkha kA upayoga karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai ( kyoMki ve chadmAvasthA meM bhI apane avadhijJAna se binA AMkha ke hI dekha sakate haiM. jAna sakate haiM) phira bhI ziSyoM ko samajhAne ke lie isa prakAra kA ullekha Avazyaka hai: Na etaM bhagavato bhavati, tahAvi AyariyaM dhammANaM sissANaM iti kAuM appaM tiriyaM ( cUrNi pR0 310 ) isa prakAra cUrNikAra ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se sambandhita mahimAvardhaka atizayoktiyoM ko susaMgata karane ke lie mUlasUtra ke bilakula sIdhe-sAde evaM sugama vacanoM ko apane DhaMga se samajhAne kA aneka sthAnoM para prayAsa kiyA hai / pIche ke TIkAkAroM ne bhI eka yA dUsare DhaMga se isI paddhati kA avalambana liyA 1. jaina zAsana meM kriyAkAMDa meM parivartana karane vAle aura sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke pravartaka pradhAna puruSa zrI lokAzAha bhI muhapattI nahIM bAMdhate the | bAMdhane kI prathA bAda meM calI hai / dekhie -- gurudeva zrI ratnamuni smRti grantha meM paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kA lekha 'lokAzAha aura unakI vicAradhArA' / -

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156 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa hai| yaha tatkAlIna vAtAvaraNa evaM bhakti kA sUcaka hai / lalitavistara Adi bauddha granthoM meM bhI bhagavAna buddha ke viSaya meM jaina granthoM ke hI samAna aneka atizayoktipUrNa ullekha upalabdha haiM / mahAvIra ke lie prayukta sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, anaMtajJAnI, kevalI Adi zabda AcArya haribhadra ke kathanAnusAra bhagavAn ke AtmaprabhAva, vItarAgatA evaM krAntadarzitA-dUradarzitA ke sUcaka hai| bAda meM misa artha meM ye zabda rUDha hue haiM evaM zAstrArtha kA viSaya bane haiM usa artha meM ve unake lie prayukta hue pratIta nahIM hote / pratyeka mahApuruSa jaba sAmAnya caryA se UMcA uTha jAtA haiasAdhAraNa jIvanacaryA kA pAlana karane lagatA hai taba bhI vaha manuSya hI hotA hai / tathApi loga usake lie lokottara zabdoM kA prayoga prArambha kara dete haiM aura isa prakAra apanI bhakti kA pradarzana karate haiN| uttama koTi ke vicAraka usa mahApuruSa kA yathAzakti anusaraNa karate haiM jaba ki sAmAnya loga lokottara zabdoM dvArA unakA stavana karate haiM, pUjana karate haiM, mahimA gAkara prasanna hote haiM / kucha subhASita : AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI samIkSA samApta karane ke pUrva usameM Ane vAle kucha sUkta arthasahita nIce diye jAne Avazyaka haiM / ve isa prakAra hai :1. paNayA vIrA mahAvIhiM .. vIra puruSa mahAmArga kI ora agra sara hote haiN| 2. jAe saddhAe nikkhaMto tameva jisa zraddhA ke sAtha nikalA usI aNupAliyA kA pAlana kr| 3. dhIre muhuttamavi no pamAyae "" dhIra puruSa eka muhUrta ke lie bhI pramAda na kare / 4. vao accei jovaNaM ca .... vaya calA jA rahA hai aura yauvana bhii| 5. khaNaM jANAhi paMDie he paMDita ! kSaNa ko-samaya ko smjh| 6. samve pANA piyAuyA saba prANiyoM ko AyuSya priya hai, suhasAyA dukkhapaDikUlA sukha acchA lagatA hai, duHkha acchA appiyavahA piyajIviNo nahIM lagatA, vadha apriya hai, jIvana jIviukAmA priya hai, jIne kI icchA hai / 7. savvesiM jIviaMpiyaM sabako jIvana priya hai|

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aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga 157 8. jeNa siyA teNa No siyaa..| jisake dvArA hai usake dvArA nahIM hai arthAt jo anukUla hai vaha pratikUla ho jAtA hai| 9. jahA aMto tahA bAhiM jaisA andara hai vaisA bAhara hai aura jaisA . jahA bAhiM tahA aMto .. bAhara hai vaisA andara hai| 10. kAmakAmI khalu ayaM purise yaha puruSa sacamuca kAmakAmI hai / 11. kAsaMkAse'yaM khalu purise... yaha puruSa 'maiM karU~gA, maiM karU~gA' aise hI karatA rahatA hai| 12. veraM vaDDhai appaNo... aisA puruSa apanA vaira baDhAtA hai / 13. suttA amuNI muNiNo amuni soye hue haiM aura muni satata sayayaM jAgaraMti jAgrata haiN| 14. akammassa vavahAro na vijjai karmahona ke vyavahAra nahIM hotaa| 15. aggaM ca mUlaM ca vigica he dhIra puruSa ! prapaMca ke agrabhAga va mUla dhIre... ko kATa ddaal| 16. kA arai ke ANaMde etthaM pi kyA arati aura kyA Ananda, donoM meM aggahe care... anAsakta rho| kkhasi.... 17. purisA ! tumameva tumaM mittaM he puruSa! tU hI apanA mitra hai phira kiM bahiyA mittamicchasi"" bAhya mitra kI icchA kyoM karatA hai ? 18. purisA ! attANameva abhi- he puruSa ! tU apane Apa ko hI nigRhIta nigijjha evaM dukkhA pamo- kara / isa prakAra terA duHkha dUra hogaa| 19. purisA ! saccameva samabhi- he puruSa ! satya ko hI samyakrUpa se jANAhi" samajha / 20. je egaM nAme se bahu nAme, je jo eka ko jhukAtA hai vaha bahutoM ko bahu nAme se egaM nAme" jhukAtA hai aura jo bahutoM ko jhukAtA hai vaha eka ko jhukAtA hai| 21. savvao pamattassa bhayaM pramAdI ko cAroM ora se bhaya hai, appamattassa natthi bhayaM. apramAdI ko koI bhaya nhiiN|

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158 22. jaMti vorA mahAjANaM" 23. kasehi appANaM." 24. jarehi appANaM. 25. bahu dukkhA hu jaMtavo" 26. tumaM si nAma taM ceva jaM haMtavyaM ti mannasi." jena sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa vIra puruSa mahAyAna kI ora jAte haiM / AtmA ko arthAt khuda ko kasa / AtmA ko arthAt khuda ko jorNa kara / sacamuca prANI bahuta duHkhI hai / tU jise hanane yogya samajhatA hai vaha tU khuda hI hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha : AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI upayukta samIkSA ke hI samAna dvitIya zrutaskandha kI bhI samIkSA Avazyaka hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha kA sAmAnya paricaya pahale diyA jA cukA hai / yaha pA~ca cUlikAoM meM vibhakta hai jisameM AcAra-prakalpa athavA nizItha nAmaka paMcama culikA AcArAMga se alaga hokara eka svatantra graMtha hI bana gaI hai / ataH vartamAna dvitIya zrutaskandha meM kevala cAra cUlikAeM hI haiM / prathama culikA meM sAta prakaraNa haiM jinameM se prathama prakaraNa AhAraviSayaka hai| isa prakaraNa meM kucha vizeSatA hai| jisakI carcA karanA Avazyaka hai| AhAra : jaina bhikSu ke lie yaha eka sAmAnya niyama hai ki azana, pAna, khAdima evaM svAdima choTe-bar3e jIvoM se yukta ho, kAI se vyApta ho, gehU~ Adi ke dAnoM ke sahita ho, harI vanaspati Adi se mizrita ho, ThaNDe pAnI se bhigoyA huA ho, jIvayukta ho, rajavAlA ho use bhikSu svIkAra na kare / kadAcit asAvadhAnI se aisA bhojana A bhI jAye to usameM se jIvajantu Adi nikAla kara vivekapUrvaka usakA upayoga kreN| bhojana karane ke liye sthAna kaisA ho ? usake uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki bhikSu ekAnta sthAna hU~r3he arthAt ekAnta meM jAkara kisI vATikA, upAzraya athavA zUnyagRha meM kisI ke na dekhate hue bhojana kre| vATikA Adi kaise hoM ? jisameM baiThane kI jagaha aMDe na hoM, anya jIvajantu na hoM, anAja ke dAne athavA phUla Adi ke bIja na hoM, hare patte Adi na par3e hoM, osa na par3I ho, ThaNDA pAnI na girA ho, kAI na cipako ho, gIlI miTTI na ho, makar3I ke jAle na hoM aise nirjIva sthAna meM baiThakara bhikSu bhojana kare / AhAra, pAnI Adi meM akhAdya athavA apeya padArtha ke nikalane para use aise sthAna meM pheMke jahAM ekAnta ho arthAt kisI kA AnA-jAnA na ho tathA jIvajantu Adi bhI na hoN|

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aMga granthoM kA antaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga 159 bhikSA ke hetu anya mata ke sAdhu athavA gRhastha ke sAtha kisI ke ghara meM praveza na kare athavA ghara se bAhara na nikale kyoMki vRttikAra ke kathanAnusAra anya tIthikoM ke sAtha praveza karane va nikalane vAle bhikSu ko AdhyAtmika va bAhya hAni hotI hai / isa niyama se eka bAta yaha phalita hotI hai ki usa jamAne meM bhI sampradAya-sampradAya ke bIca paraspara sadbhAvanA kA abhAva thA / __ Age eka niyama yaha hai ki jo bhojana anya zramaNoM arthAt bauddha zramaNoM, tApasoM, AjIvikoM Adi ke lie athavA atithiyoM, bhikhAriyoM, vanIpakoM Adi ke liye banAyA gayA ho use jainabhikSa grahaNa na kare / isa niyama dvArA anya bhikSa oM athavA zramaNoM ko hAni na pahu~cAne kI bhAvanA vyakta hotI hai| isI prakAra jaina bhikSu oM ko nityapiNDa, agrapiNDa (bhojana kA prathama bhAga) Adi dene vAle kuloM meM se bhikSA grahaNa karane kI manAhI kI gaI hai| bhikSA ke yogya kula : jina kuloM meM bhikSa bhikSA ke liye jAte the ve ye hai : ugrakula, bhogakula, rAjanyakula, kSatriyakula, ikSvAkukula, harivaMzakula, asiakula-goSThoM kA kula, vesiakula-vazyakula,gaMDAgakula-gAMva meM ghoSaNA karane vAle nApitoM kA kula, koTTAgakula-bar3haIkula, bukkasa athavA bokkazAliyakula-bunakarakula / sAtha hI yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki jo kula anindita hai, ajugupsita haiM unhIM meM jAnA cAhie; nindita va jagupsita kuloM meM nahIM jAnA cAhie / vRttikAra ke kathanAnusAra camAra kula athavA dAsakula nindita mAne jAte haiN| isa niyama dvArA yaha phalita hotA hai ki dvitIya zrutaskandha kI yojanA ke samaya jainadharma meM kula ke AdhAra para uccakula evaM nIcakula kI bhAvanA ko sthAna milA ho| isake pUrva jaina pravacana meM isa bhAvanA kI gaMdha taka nahIM milatI / jahA~ khuda cANDAla ke muni banane ke ullekha haiM vahA~ nIcakula athavA gahitakula kI kalpanA hI kaise ho sakatI hai ? utsava ke samaya bhikSA : eka jagaha khAna-pAna ke prasaMga se jina vizeSa utsavoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ve ye haiM : indramaha, skaMdamaha, rudramaha, mukundamaha, bhUtamaha, yakSamaha, nAgamaha, stUpamaha, caityamaha, vRkSamaha, girimaha, kUpamaha, nadImaha, sarovaramaha, sAgaramaha, Akaramaha ityAdi / ina utsavoM para utsava ke nimitta se Aye hue nimantrita vyaktiyoM ke bhojana kara lene para hI bhikSu AhAraprApti ke lie kisI 1. viziSTa veSadhArI bhikhArI /

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160 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ke ghara meM jAya, usase pUrva nahIM / itanA hI nahIM, vaha ghara meM jAkara gRhapati kI strI, bahana, putra, putrI, putravadhU, dAsa, dAso, naukara, naukarAnI se kahe ki jinheM jo denA thA unheM vaha de dene ke bAda jo bacA ho usameM se mujhe bhikSA do / isa niyama kA prayojana yahI hai ki kisI ke bhojana meM antarAya na par3e / arthAt sAmUhika bhoja meM bhikSA ke kahA gayA hai ki isa prakAra kI bhikSA aneka nAmakaraNotsava Adi ke prasaMga para hone vAle kI hiMsA hotI hai / aise avasara para bhikSA lene suvidhA ke lie bhI vizeSa hiMsA kI sambhAvanA bhikSu bhikSA ke lie na jAya / Age sUtrakAra ne dizA meM saMkhaDi hotI ho usa dizA meM bhI bhikSu ko kahA~ kahA~ hotI hai ? grAma, nagara, kheDa, karbaTa, maDaMba, naigama, Azrama, saMniveza va rAjadhAnI- - ina saba meM bhikSA ke lie jAne se bhayaMkara doSa lagate haiM / unake viSaya meM sUtrakAra kahate haiM. ki kadAcit vahA~ adhika khAyA jAya athavA pIyA jAya aura vamana ho athavA apaca ho to roga hone kI saMbhAvanA hotI hai / gRhapati ke sAtha, gRhapati kI strI ke sAtha, parivrAjakoM ke sAtha, parivrAjikAoM ke sAtha ekameva ho jAne para, madirA Adi pIne kI paristhiti utpanna hone para brahmacarya bhaMga kA bhaya rahatA hai / yaha eka vizeSa bhayaMkara doSa hai / bhikSA ke liye jAte samaya : lie jAne kA niSedha karate hue doSoM kI jananI haiM / janmotsava, bRhadbhoja ke nimitta aneka prakAra jAne kI sthiti meM sAdhuoM kI ho sakatI hai / ataH saMkhaDi meM yaha bhI batAyA hai ki jisa nahIM jAnA cAhie / saMkhaDi paTTaNa, Akara, droNamukha, saMkhaDi hotI hai / saMkhaDi meM bhikSA ke liye jAne vAle bhikSu ko kahA gayA hai ki apane saba upakaraNa sAtha rakhakara hI bhikSA ke lie jAya / eka gA~va se dUsare gA~va jAte samaya bhI vaisA hI kare | vartamAna meM eka gA~va se dUsare gAMva jAte samaya to isa niyama kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai kintu bhikSA ke lie jAte samaya vaisA nahIM kiyA jAtA / dhIre dhIre upakaraNoM meM vRddhi hotI gaI / ataH bhikSA ke samaya maiM nahIM rakhane kI naI prathA calI ho aisA zakya hai / saba upakaraNa sAtha rAjakuloM meM : ke Age batAyA gayA hai ki bhikSu ko kSatriyoM arthAt kurAjAoM ke kuloM meM, rAjabhRtyoM ke kuloM meM, rAjavaMza lie nahIM jAnA cAhie / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki kucha loga bhikSuoM ke sAtha asadvyavahAra karate hoMge athavA saMyama kI sAdhanA meM vighnakara hotA hogA / rAjAoM ke kuloM meM, kuloM meM bhikSA ke rAjA evaM rAjavaMza ke unake yahA~ kA AhAra

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aMga granthoM kA antaraMga paricaya AcArAMga makkhana, madhu, madya va mAMsa : Asa-pAsa ke amuka kisI gA~va meM nirbala athavA buddha bhikSuoM ne sthiravAsa kara rakhA ho athavA kucha samaya ke lie mAsakalpI bhikSuoM ne nivAsa kiyA huA ho aura vahA~ grAmAgrAma vicarate hue anya bhikSu atithi ke rUpa meM Aye hoM jinheM dekha kara pahale se hI vahA~ rahe hue bhikSu yoM kaheM ki he zramaNo ! yaha gA~va to bahuta choTA hai athavA ghara-ghara sUtaka lagA huA hai isalie Apa loga gA~va meM bhikSA ke lie jAie / vahA~ hamAre amuka sambandhI rahate haiM / Apako unake yahA~ se dUdha, dahI, makkhana, ghI, gur3a, tela, zahada, madya, mAMsa, jalebI, zrIkhaNDa, pUr3I Adi saba kucha milegA / Apako jo pasanda ho vaha leM / khA-pIkara pAtra sApha kara phira yahA~ A jAveM / sUtrakAra kahate haiM ki bhikSu ko isa prakAra bhikSA prApta nahIM karanI cAhie / yahA~ jina khAdya padArthoM ke nAma ginAye haiM unameM makkhana, zahada, madya va mAMsa kA samAveza hai / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki prAcIna samaya meM kucha bhikSu makkhana Adi lete hoMge / yahA~ makkhana, zahada, madya evaM mAMsa zabda kA koI anya artha nahIM hai / vRttikAra svayaM etadviSayaka spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahate haiM ki koI bhikSu atipramAdI ho, khAne-pIne kA bahuta lAlacI ho to vaha zahada, madya evaM mAMsa le bhI sakatA hai athavA kazcit atipramAdAvaSTabdhaH atyantagRdhnutayA madhu madya- mAMsAni api Azrayet ataH tadupAdAnam ( AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 303 ) / vRttikAra ne isakA apavAdasUtra ke rUpa meM bhI vyAkhyAna kiyA hai / mUlapATha ke sandarbha ko dekhate hue yaha utsargasUtra hI pratIta hotA hai, apavAdasUtra nahIM / sammilita sAmagrI : bhikSA ke lie jAte hue bIca meM khAI, gaDha Adi Ane para unheM lA~gha kara Age na jAya / isI prakAra mArga meM unmatta sA~Dha, bhaiMsA, ghor3A, manuSya Adi hone para usa ora na jAya / bhikSA ke lie gaye hue jaina bhikSu Adi ko bhikSA dene vAlA gRhapati yadi yoM kahe ki he AyuSmAn zramaNo ! maiM abhI vizeSa kAma meM vyasta hU~ | maiMne yaha sArI bhojana-sAmagrI Apa saba ko de dI hai / ise Apa loga khA lIjie athavA Apasa meM bA~Ta lIjie / aisI sthiti meM vaha bhojana-sAmagrI jainabhikSu svIkAra na kare / kadAcit kAraNavazAt aisI sAmagrI svIkAra karanI par3e to aisA na samajhe ki dAtA ne yaha sArI sAmagrI mujha akele ko de dI hai athavA mere lie hI paryApta hai / use Apasa meM bAMTate samaya athavA sAtha meM milakara khAte samaya kisI prakAra kA pakSapAta athavA cAlAkI na kare / bhikSA 11 161

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162 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa grahaNa kA yaha niyama autsargika nahIM apitu ApavAdika hai / vRttikAra ke anusAra amuka prakAra ke bhikSuoM ke lie hI yaha niyama hai, sabake lie nahIM / grAhya jala : bhikSu ke lie grAhya pAnI ke prakAra ye haiM : utsvedibha-pisI huI vastu ko bhigokara rakhA huA pAnI, saMsvedima-tila Adi binA pisI vastu ko dhokara rakhA huA pAnI, taNDulodaka-cAvala kA dhovana, tilodaka-tila kA dhovana, tuSodaka-tuSa kA dhovana, yavodaka-yava kA ghovana, AyAma-AcAmlaavazyAna, AranAla-kAMjI, zuddha acitta-nirjIva pAnI, AmrapAnaka-Ama kA pAnaka, drAkSA kA pAnI, bilva kA pAnI, amacUra kA pAnI, anAra kA pAnI, khajUra kA pAnI, nAriyala kA pAnI, kera kA pAnI, bera kA pAnI, AMvale kA pAnI, imalI kA pAnI ityAdi / bhikSu pakAI huI vastu ho bhojana ke lie le sakatA hai, kaccI nahIM / ina vastuoM meM kaMda, mUla, phala, phUla, patra Adi sabakA samAveza hai / agrAhya bhojana : ___ kahIM para atithi ke lie mAMsa athavA machalI pakAI jAtI ho athavA tela meM pUe tale jAte hoM to bhikSu lAlacavaza lene na jAya / kisI rugNa bhikSa ke lie usakI AvazyakatA hone para vaisA karane meM koI harja nhiiN| mUla sUtra meM eka jagaha yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki bhikSu ko asthibahula arthAt jisameM haDDI kI bahulatA ho vaisA mAMsa va kaMTakabahula arthAt jisameM kAMToM kI bahulatA ho vaisI machalI nahIM lenI cAhie / yadi koI gRhastha yaha kahe ki Apako aisA mAMsa va machalI cAhie? to bhikSu kahe ki yadi tuma mujhe yaha denA cAhate ho to kevala pudgala bhAga do aura haDDiyAM va kAMTe na Ave isakA dhyAna rkho| aisA kahate hue bhI gRhastha yadi haDDIvAlA mAMsa va kAMToMvAlI machalI de to use lekara ekAnta meM jAkara kisI nirdoSa sthAna para baiTha kara mAMsa va machalI khAkara bacI huI haDDiyoM va kAMToM ko nirjIva sthAna meM DAla de| yahA~ bhI mAMsa va machalI kA spaSTa ullekha hai / vRttikAra ne isa viSaya meM spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA hai ki isa sUtra ko ApavAdika samajhanA caahie| kisI bhikSu ko lUtA athavA anya koI roga huA ho aura kisI acche vaidha ne usake upacAra ke hetu bAhara lagAne ke lie mAMsa Adi kI siphAriza kI ho to bhikSu ApavAdika rUpa se vaha le sakatA hai / lagAne ke bAda bace hue kAMToM va haDDiyoM ko nirdoSa sthAna para pheMka denA cAhie / yahA~ vRttikAra ne mUla meM prayukta 'bhuja' dhAtu kA 'khAnA' artha na karate hue 'bAhara

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aMga granthoM kA antaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga 163 lagAnA' arthaM kiyA hai / yaha artha sUtra ke sandarbha kI dRSTi se upayukta pratIta nahIM hotA / vRttikAra ne apane yuga ke ahiMsApradhAna prabhAva se prabhAvita hokara hI mUla artha meM yatra-tatra isa prakAra ke parivartana kie haiM / zayyaiSaNA : zayyaiSaNA nAmaka dvitIya prakaraNa meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa sthAna meM gRhastha sakuTumba rahate hoM vahA~ bhikSu nahIM raha sakatA kyoMki aise sthAna meM rahane se aneka doSa lagate haiM / kaI bAra aisA hotA hai ki logoM kI isa mAnyatA se ki ye zramaNa brahmacArI hote haiM ataH inase utpanna hone vAlI santAna tejasvI hotI hai, koI strI apane pAsa rahane vAle bhikSu ko kAmadeva ke paMje meM pha~sA detI hai jisase use saMyamabhraSTa honA par3atA hai / prastuta prakaraNa meM makAna ke prakAra, makAnamAlikoM ke vyavasAya, unake AbhUSaNa, unake abhyaMga ke sAdhana, unake snAna sambandhI dravya Adi kA ullekha hai / isase prAcIna samaya ke makAnoM va sAmAjika vyavasAyoM kA - kucha paricaya mila sakatA hai / IryApatha : patha nAmaka tRtIya adhyayana meM bhikSuoM ke pAda-vihAra, naukArohaNa, jalapraveza Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / IryApatha zabda bauddha paramparA meM bhI pracalita hai / tadanusAra sthAna, gamana, niSadyA aura zayana ina cAra kA IryApatha meM samAveza hotA hai / vinayapiTaka meM etadviSaka vistRta vivecana haiM / vihAra karate samaya bauddha bhikSu apanI paramparA ke niyamoM ke anusAra taiyAra hokara calatA hai isI kA nAma IryApatha hai / dUsare zabdoM meM apane samasta upakaraNa sAtha meM lekara sAvadhAnIpUrvaka gamana karane, zarIra ke avayava na hilAne, hAtha na uchAlane, paira na pachAr3ane kA nAma IryApatha hai / jaina paramparAbhimata IryApatha ke niyamoM ke anusAra bhikSu ko varSARtu meM pravAsa nahIM karanA caahie| jahAM svAdhyAya, zauca Adi ke lie upayukta sthAna na ho, saMyama kI sAdhanA ke lie yatheSTa upakaraNa sulabha na hoM, anya zramaNa, brAhmaNa, yAcaka Adi bar3I saMkhyA meM Aye hue hoM athavA Ane vAle hoM vahA~ bhikSu ko varSAvAsa nahIM karanA cAhie / varSARtu bota jAne para va hemanta Rtu Ane para mArga nirdoSa ho gaye hoM - jIvayukta na rahe hoM to bhikSu ko vihAra kara denA cAhie / calate hue paira ke nIce koI jIva-jantu mAlUma par3e to paira ko U~cA rakhakara calanA cAhie, saMkucita kara calanA cAhie, Ter3hA rakhakara calanA cAhie, kisI bhI taraha calakara usa jIva kI rakSA karanI najara rakhakara sAmane cAra hAtha bhUmi dekhate hue cAhie / vivekapUrvaka nIcI

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164 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa calanA cAhie / vaidika paramparA va bauddha paramparA ke bhikSuoM ke lie bhI pravAsa karate samaya isI prakAra se calane kI prakriyA kA vidhAna hai / mArga meM coroM ke vividha sthAna, mlecchoM - barbara, zabara, puliMda, bhIla Adi ke nivAsasthAna AveM to bhikSu ko usa ora vihAra nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki ye loga dharma se anabhijJa hote haiM tathA akAlabhojI, asamaya meM ghUmane vAle, asamaya meM jagane vAle evaM sAdhuoM se dveSa rakhane vAle hote haiM / isI prakAra bhikSu rAjA - rahita rAjya, gaNarAjya ( aneka rAjAoM vAlA rAjya ), alpavayaskarAjya ( kama umra vAle rAjA kA rAjya ), dvirAjya ( do rAjAoM kA saMyukta rAjya ) evaM azAnta rAjya ( eka-dUsare kA virodhI rAjya ) kI ora bhI vihAra na kare kyoMki aise rAjyoM meM jAne se saMyama kI virAdhanA hone kA bhaya rahatA hai / jina gA~voM kI dUrI bahuta adhika ho arthAt jahA~ dina bhara calate rahane para bhI eka gA~va se dUsare gA~va na pahu~cA jAtA ho usa ora vihAra karane kA bhI niSedha kiyA gayA hai / mArga meM nadI Adi Ane para use nAva kI sahAyatA ke binA sthiti meM hI bhikSu nAva kA upayoga kare, anyathA nahIM athavA nAva se pAnI pAra karate samaya pUrI sAvadhAnI rkhe| yadi do-cAra kosa ke ghere meM bhI sthalamArga ho to jalamArga se na jAya / nAva meM baiThane para nAvika dvArA kisI prakAra kI sevA mA~gI jAne para na de kintu maunapUrvaka rahe / kadAcit nAva meM baiThe hue loga use pakar3a kara pAnI meM vaha unheM kahe ki Apa loga aisA na kariye / maiM khuda ho pAnI meM kuda jAtA hU~ / phira bhI yadi loga use pakar3a kara pheMka deM to samabhAvapUrvaka pAnI meM gira jAya evaM tairanA AtA ho to zAnti se tairate hue bAhara nikala jAya / vihAra karate hue mArga meM cora mileM aura bhikSu se kaheM ki ye kapar3e hameM de do to vaha unheM kapar3e na de / chInakara le jAne kI sthiti meM dayanIyatA na dikhAve aura na kisI prakAra kI zikAyata hI kare / pAra na kara sakane kI / pAnI meM calate samaya dhyAna parAyaNa pheMkane lageM to bhASAprayoga : bhASAjAta nAmaka caturtha adhyayana meM bhikSu kI bhASA kA vivecana hai / bhASA ke vividha prakAroM meM se kisa prakAra kI bhASA kA prayoga bhikSu ko karanA cAhie, kisake sAtha kaisI bhASA bolanI cAhie, bhASA prayoga meM kina bAtoM kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye - ina saba pahaluoM para paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai / vastradhAraNa : vastraSaNA nAmaka paMcama prakaraNa meM bhikSu ke vastragrahaNa va vastradhAraNa kA vicAra hai / jo bhikSu taruNa ho, balavAn ho, rugNa na ho use eka vastra dhAraNa karanA

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aMga granthoM kA antaraMga paricaya: AcArAMga 165 cAhie, dUsarA nahIM / bhikSuNI ko cAra saMghATiyA~ dhAraNa karanI cAhiye jinameM se eka do hAtha caur3I ho, do tIna hAtha caur3I hoM aura eka cAra hAtha caur3I ho / zramaNa kisa prakAra ke vastra dhAraNa kare ? jaMgiya - U~Ta Adi kI Una se banA huA, bhaMgiya -- dvIndriya Adi prANiyoM kI lAra se banA huA, sANiya- sanakI chAla se banA huA, potta- tADapatra ke pattoM se banA huA, khomiya - kapAsa kA banA huA evaM lakaDa 3- - Aka Adi kI ruI se banA huA vastra zramaNa kAma meM le sakatA hai / patale, sunahale, camakate evaM bahumUlya vastroM kA upayoga zramaNa ke liye varjita hai / brAhmaNoM ke vastra ke upayoga ke viSaya meM manusmRti (a0 2, zlo0 40-41) meM evaM bauddha zramaNoM ke vastropayoga ke sambandha meM vinayapiTaka ( pR0 275 ) meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai / brAhmaNoM ke lie nimnokta cha: prakAra ke vastra anumata haiM : kRSNamRga, ruru ( mRgavizeSa ) evaM chAga ( bakarA ) kA camar3A, sana, kSumA alasI ) evaM meSa (bher3a) ke loma se banA vastra / bauddha zramaNoM ke lie nimnokta chaH prakAra ke vastra vihita haiM : kauzeya -- rezamI vastra, kaMbala, kojava -- laMbe bAla vAlA kaMbala, kSauma - alasI kI chAla se banA huA vastra, zANa - sana kI chAla se banA huA vastra, bhaMga-bhaMga kI chAla se banA huA vastra / jaina bhikSuoM ke lie jaMga Adi uparyukta cha : prakAra ke vastra grAhya haiM / bauddha bhikSuoM ke lie bahumUlya vastra na lene ke sambandha meM koI vizeSa niyama nahIM hai / jaina zramaNoM ke lie - kaMbala, kojava evaM bahumUlya vastra ke upayoga kA spaSTa niSedha hai / pAtraiSaNA : pAtraiSaNA nAmaka SaSTha adhyayana meM batAyA gayA hai ki taruNa, balavAn evaM svastha bhikSu ko kevala eka pAtra rakhanA caahie| yaha pAtra alAbu, kASTha athavA miTTI kA ho sakatA hai / bauddha zramaNoM ke lie miTTI va lohe ke pAtra kA upayoga vihita hai, kASThAdi ke pAtra kA nahIM / avagrahaiSaNA : avagraheSaNA namaka saptama adhyayana meM avagrahaviSayaka vivecana haiM / avagraha arthAt kisI ke svAmitva kA sthAna / nirgrantha bhikSu kisI sthAna Thaharane ke pUrva usake svAmI kI anivAryarUpa se anumati le / aisA na karane para use adattAdAna - corI karane kA doSa lagatA hai / malamUtravisarjana : dvitIya cUlikA ke uccAra-prasravaNanikSepa nAmaka dasaveM adhyayana meM batAyA gayA hai ki bhikSu ko apanA TaTTI-pezAba kahA~ va kaise DAlanA cAhie ? graMtha kI

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa yojanA karane vAle jJAnI evaM anubhavI puruSa yaha jAnate the ki yadi mUlamUtra upayukta sthAna para na DAlA gayA to logoM ke svAsthya kI hAni hone ke sAtha hI sAtha anya prANiyoM ko kaSTa pahuMcegA evaM jIvahiMsA meM vRddhi hogI / jahA~ va jisa prakAra DAlane se kisI bhI prANI ke jIvana kI virAdhanA kI AzaMkA ho vahA~ va usa prakAra bhikSa ko malamUtrAdika nahIM DAlanA caahie| zabdazravaNa va rUpadarzana : Age ke do adhyayanoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki kisI bhI prakAra ke madhura zabda sunane kI bhAvanA se athavA karkaza zabda na sunane kI icchA se bhikSa ko gamanAgamana nahIM karanA caahie| phira bhI yadi vaise zabda sunane hI par3eM to samabhAvapUrvaka sunanA va sahana karanA caahie| yahI bAta manohara va amanohara rUpAdi ke viSaya meM bhI hai| ina adhyayanoM meM sUtrakAra ne vividha prakAra ke zabdoM va rUpoM para prakAza DAlA hai| parakriyAniSedha : . inase Age ke do adhyayanoM meM bhikSu ke lie parakriyA arthAta kisI anya vyakti dvArA usake zarIra para kI jAne vAlI kisI bhI prakAra kI kriyA, yathA zRGgAra, upacAra Adi svIkAra karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra bhikSa-bhikSa ke bIca kI athavA bhikSu NI-bhikSu NI ke bIca kI parakriyA bhI niSiddha hai| mahAvIra-carita : bhAvanA nAmaka tRtIya cUlikA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA caritra hai / isameM bhagavAn kA svargacyavana, garbhApahAra, janma, dIkSA, kevalajJAna evaM nirvANa varNita hai| ASAr3ha zulkA SaSThI ke dina hastottarA nakSatra meM bhAratavarSa ke dakSiNa brAhmaNakuMDapura grAma meM bhagavAn svarga se mRtyuloka meM Aye / tadanantara bhagavAn ke hitAnukampaka deva ne unake garbha ko Azvina kRSNA trayodazo ke dina hastottarA nakSatra meM uttara-kSatriyakuMDapura grAma meM rahane vAle jJAtakSatriya kAzyapagotrIya siddhArtha kI vAsiSThagotrIyA trizalA kSatriyANI kI kukSi meM badalA aura trizalA ke garbha ko dakSiNa-brAhmaNakuNDapura grAma meM rahane vAlI jAlaMdhara gotrIyA devAnandA brAhmaNI kI kukSi meM badalA / usa samaya mahAvIra tIna jJAnayukta the| nau mahone va sAr3he sAta dina-rAta bItane para caitra zuklA trayodazI ke dina hastottarA nakSatra meM bhagavAn kA janma huaa| jisaHrAtri meM bhagavAn paidA hue usa rAtri meM bhavati, vANa vyantara, jyotiSka evaM vaimAnika deva va deviyA~ unake janmasthAna para Aye / cAroM ora

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aMga granthoM kA antaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga 167 divya prakAza phaila gayA / devoM ne amRta kI tathA anya sugandhita padArthoM va ratnoM kI varSA kI / bhagavAn kA sUtikarma deva-deviyoM ne sampanna kiyaa| bhagavAn ke trizalA ke garbha meM Ane ke bAda siddhArtha kA ghara dhana, suvarNa Adi se bar3hane lagA ataH mAtA pitA ne jAtibhojana karAkara khUba dhUmadhAma ke sAtha bhagavAn kA vardhamAna nAma rakhA / bhagavAn pA~ca prakAra ke arthAt zabda, sparza, rasa, rUpa va gaMdhamaya kAmabhogoM kA bhoga karate hue rahane lge| bhagavAn ke tIna nAma the : vardhamAna, zramaNa va mahAvIra / inake pitA ke bhI tIna nAma the : siddhArtha, zreyAMsa va jasaMsa / mAtA ke bhI tIna nAma the : trizalA, videhadatA va priyakAriNI / inake pitavya arthAt cAcA kA nAma supArzva, jyeSTha bhrAtA kA nAma naMdivardhana, jyeSTha bhaginI kA nAma sudarzanA va bhAryA kA nAma yazodA thaa| inakI putrI ke do nAma the : anavadyA va priydrshnaa|' inakI dauhitrI ke bhI do nAma the : zeSavatI va yazomatI / inake mAtApitA pAzrvApatya arthAt pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI the| ve donoM zrAvaka dharma kA pAlana karate the| mahAvIra tIsa varSa taka sAgArAvasthA meM rahakara mAtApitA ke svargavAsa ke bAda apanI pratijJA pUrI hone para samasta riddhisiddhi kA tyAga kara apanI saMpatti ko logoM meM bA~Ta kara hemanta Rtu kI mRgazIrSa-agahana kRSNA dazamI ke dina hastottarA nakSatra meM anagAra vRtti vAle hue| usa samaya lokAntika devoM ne Akara bhagavAn mahAvIra se kahA ki bhagavan ! samasta jIvoM ke hitarUpa tIrtha kA pravartana kIjiye / bAda meM cAroM prakAra ke devoM ne Akara unakA dIkSA-mahotsava kiyaa| unheM zarIra para va zarIra ke nIce ke bhAga para phaMka mArate hI ur3a jAya aisA pAradarzaka haMsalakSaNa vastra pahanAyA, AbhUSaNa pahanAye aura pAlakI meM baiThA kara abhiniSkramaNa-utsava kiyA / bhagavAn pAlakI meM siMhAsana para baitthe| unake donoM ora zakra aura IzAna indra khar3e-khar3e ca~vara DulAte the| pAlakI ke agrabhAga arthAt pUrvabhAga ko suroM ne, dakSiNabhAga ko asuroM ne, pazcima bhAga ko garuDoM ne evaM uttarabhAga ko nAgoM ne uThAyA / uttarakSatriyakuNDapura ke bIcobIca hote hue bhagavAn jJAtakhaNDa nAmaka udyAna meM Aye / pAlakI se utara kara sAre AbhUSaNa nikAla diye| bAda meM bhagavAn ke pAsa ghuTanoM ke bala baiThe hue vaizramaNI devoM ne haMsalakSaNa kapar3e meM ve AbhUSaNa le liye / tadanantara bhagavAn ne apane dAhine hAtha se sira ko dAhinI ora ke va bAyeM hAtha se bAyIM ora 1. jyeSTha bhaginI va putrI ke nAmoM meM kucha gar3abar3I huI mAlUma hotI hai| vizeSA vazyakabhASyakAra ne ( gAthA 2307 ) mahAvIra kI putrI kA nAma jyeSThA, sudarzanA va anavadyAMgI batAyA hai jaba ki AcArAMga meM mahAvIra kI bahina kA nAma sudarzanA tathA putrI kA nAma anavadyA va priyadarzanA batAyA gayA hai|

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168 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ke bAloM kA loMca kiyaa| indra ne bhagavAn ke pAsa ghuTanoM ke bala baiThakara vanamaya thAla meM ve bAla le liye va bhagavAn kI anumati se unheM kSIrasamudra meM DAla diye| bAda meM bhagavAn ne siddhoM ko namaskAra kara 'savvaM me akaraNijjaM pAvakamma' arthAt mere lie saba prakAra kA pApakarma akaraNIya hai', isa prakAra kA sAmAyikacAritra svIkAra kiyaa| jisa samaya bhagavAn ne yaha cAritra svIkAra kiyA usa samaya devapariSad evaM manuSyapariSad citravat sthira evaM zAnta ho gii| indra kI AjJA se bajane vAle divya bAje zAnta ho gaye / bhagavAn dvArA uccarita cAritragrahaNa ke zabda sabane zAnta bhAva se sune / kSAyopazamika cAritra svIkAra karane vAle bhagavAn ko manaHparyAyajJAna utpanna huA / isa jJAnadvArA ve DhAI dvIpa meM rahe hue vyakta manavAle samasta paMcendriya prANiyoM ke manogata bhAvoM ko jAnane lge| bAda meM dIkSita hue bhagavAn ko unake mitrajanoM, jJAtijanoM svajanoM evaM sambandhojanoM ne vidAI dii| vidAI lene ke bAda bhagavAn ne yaha pratijJA kI ki Aja se bAraha varSa paryanta zarIra kI cintA na karate hue deva, mAnava, pazu evaM pakSIkRta samasta upasargoM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karU~gA, kSamApUrvaka sahana kruuNgaa| aisI pratijJA kara ve muhUrta divasa zeSa rahane para uttarakSatriyakuNDapura se ravAnA hokara kammAragrAma phuNce| tatpazcAta zarIra kI kisI prakAra kI paravAha na karate hue mahAvIra uttama saMyama, tapa, brahmacarya, kSamA, tyAga evaM santoSapUrvaka pA~ca samiti va tIna gupti kA pAlana karate hue, apanI AtmA ko bhAvita karate hue vicarane lage evaM Ane vAle upasargoM ko zAntipUrvaka prasanna citta se sahana karane lge| isa prakAra bhagavAn ne bAraha varSa vyatIta kiye| terahavAM varSa lagane para vaizAkha zuklA dazamI ke dina chAyA ke pUrva dizA kI ora mur3ane para arthAt aparAhna meM jisa samaya mahAvIra jaMbhiyagrAma ke bAhara ujjuvAliyA nAmaka nadI ke uttarI kinAre para zyAmAka nAmaka gRhapati ke kheta meM vyAvRtta nAmaka caitya ke samIpa godohAsana se baiThe hue AtApanA le rahe the do upavAsa dhAraNa kiye hue the, sira nIce rakha kara donoM ghuTane U~ce kiye hue dhyAna meM lIna the usa samaya unheM anantapratipUrNa-samagra-nirAvaraNa kevalajJAna-darzana huaa| aba bhagavAn arhat-jina hue, kevalI-sarvajJa-sarvabhAvadarzI hue / deva, manuSya evaM asuraloka paryAyoM ke jJAtA hue| Agamana, gamana, sthiti, cyavana, upapAta, prakaTa, gupta, kathita, akathita Adi samasta kriyAoM va bhAvoM ke draSTA hue, jJAtA hue| jisa samaya bhagavAn kevalI, sarvajJa, sarvadarzI hue usa samaya bhavanapati Adi cAroM prakAra ke devoM va deviyoM ne Akara bhArI utsava kiyaa| bhagavAn ne apanI AtmA tathA loka ko sampUrNatayA dekhakara pahale devoM ko

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aMga granthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga 169 aura bAda meM manuSyoM ko dharmopadeza diyA / bAda meM gautama Adi zramaNa-nirgranthoM ko bhAvanAyukta pA~ca mahAvratoM tathA chaH jIvanikAyoM kA svarUpa samajhAyA / bhAvanA nAmaka prastuta cUlikA meM ina pAMca mahAvratoM kA svarUpa vistArapUrvaka samajhAyA gayA hai / sAtha hI pratyeka vrata kI pAMca-pAMca bhAvanAoM kA svarUpa bhI batAyA gayA hai / mamatvamukti : anta meM vimukti nAmaka caturtha ke phala kI mImAMsA karate hue bhikSu parvata kI bhA~ti nizcala va dRr3ha raha utAra kara pheMka denA cAhie / vItarAgatA evaM sarvajJatA : cUlikA meM mamatvamUlaka Arambha aura parigraha ko unase dUra rahane ko kahA gayA hai / use kara sarpa kI keMculI kI bhA~ti mamatva ko pAtaMjala yogasUtra meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki amuka bhUmikA para pahu~ce hue sAdhaka ko kevalajJAna hotA hai aura vaha usa jJAna dvArA samasta padArthoM evaM samasta ghaTanAoM ko jAna letA hai / isa paribhASA ke anusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ko bhI kevalI, sarvajJa athavA sarvadarzI kahA jA sakatA hai / kintu sAdhaka-jIvana meM pradhAnatA evaM mahattA kevalajJAna - kevaladarzana kI nahIM hai apitu vItarAgatA, vItamohatA, nirAsravatA, niSkaSAyatA kI hai / vItarAgatA kI dRSTi se hI AcArya haribhadra ne kapila aura sugata ko bhI sarvajJa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ko hI sarvajJa mAnanA va kisI anya ko sarvajJa na mAnanA ThIka nahIM | jisameM vItarAgatA hai vaha sarvajJa hai-usakA jJAna nirdoSa hai / jisameM sarAgatA hai vaha alpajJa hai - usakA jJAna sadoSa hai / isa prakAra AcArAMga kI samIkSA pUrI karane ke bAda aba dvitIya aMga sUtrakRtAMga kI samIkSA prArambha kI jAtI hai / isa aMgasUtra va Age ke anya aMgasUtroM kI samIkSA utane vistAra se na ho sakegI jitane vistAra se AcArAMga kI huI hai aura na vaisA koI nizcita vivecanA krama hI rakhA jA sakegA /

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prakaraNa sUtrakRtAMga sUtrakRta kI racanA niyativAda tathA AjIvika sampradAya sAMkhyamata karmacayavAda buddha kA zUkara- mAMsabhakSaNa hiMsA kA hetu jagat-kartRtva saMyamadharma veyAliya upasarga: strI-parijJA naraka - vibhakti vIrastava kuzIla vIryaM arthAt parAkrama dharma samAdhi mArga samavasaraNa yAthAtathya graMtha arthAt parigraha AdAna athavA AdAnIya gAthA brAhmaNa, zramaNa, bhikSu va nirgrantha sAta mahAadhyayana

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sUtrakRtAMga 171 puNDarIka kriyAsthAna bauddha dRSTi se hiMsA AhAraparijJA pratyAkhyAna AcArazruta ArdrakumAra nAlaMdA udaya peDhAlaputta

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caturtha prakaraNa sUtrakRtAMga samavAyAMga sUtra meM sUtrakRtAMga' kA paricaya dete hue kahA gayA hai ki isameM svasamaya-svamata, parasamaya-paramata, jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asrava, saMvara nirjarA, baMdha, mokSa Adi tattvoM ke viSaya meM nirdeza hai, navadIkSitoM ke lie bodhavacana haiM, eka sau assI kriyAvAdI matoM, caurAsI akriyAvAdI matoM, sar3asaTha ajJAnavAdI matoM va battIsa vinayavAdI matoM isa prakAra saba milAkara tIna sau tirasaTha anya dRSTiyoM arthAta anya yUthika matoM kI carcA hai| isameM sadRSTAnta vaNita sUtrArtha mokSamArga ke prakAzaka haiM / sUtrakRtAMga ke isa sAmAnya viSayavarNana ke sAtha hI sAtha samavAyAMga ( teisaveM samavAya ) meM isake teIsa adhyayanoM ke vizeSa nAmoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra zramaNasUtra meM bhI isa aMga ke teIsa adhyayanoM kA nirdeza hai-prathama zrutaskandha meM solaha va dvitIya zrutaskandha meM sAta / isameM adhyayanoM ke nAma nahIM diye gaye haiN| 1. (a) niyukti va zIlAMka kI TIkA ke sAtha-Agamodaya samiti, bambaI ___ san 1917; goDIpArzva jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, san 1950 / (A) zIlAMka, harSakula va pArvacandra kI TIkAoM ke sAtha-dhanapatasiMha kalakattA, vi0 saM0 1936 / (i) aMgrejI anuvAda-H. Jacobi, S. B. E. Series, Vol. 45. Oxford, 1895. (I) hindI chAyAnuvAda-gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, zve0 sthA0 jaina kaoNnphareMsa, bambaI, san 1938 / (u) hindI anuvAdasahita-amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, pI0 saM0 2446 / (U) niyuktisahita-pI0 ela0 vaidya, pUnA, san 1928 / (R) gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda-gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, pUMjAbhAI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda / (e) prathama zrutaskandha zIlAMkakRta TIkA va usake hindI anuvAda ke sAtha ambikAdatta ojhA, mahAvIra jaina jJAnodaya sosAyaTI, rAjakoTa, vi0 saM0 1993-1995; dvitIya zrutaskandha hindI anuvAdasahita-ambikAdatta ojhA, beMgalora, vi0 saM0 1997.

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sUtrakRtAMga disUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki sUtrakRtAMga meM loka, aloka, lokAloka, jIva, ajIva, svasamaya evaM parasamaya kA nirUpaNa hai tathA kriyAvAdI Adi tIna sau tirasaTha pAkhaNDiyoM arthAt anya matAvalambiyoM kI carcA hai / rAjavArtika ke anusAra sUtrakRtAMga meM jJAna, vinaya, kalpya tathA akalpya kA vivecana hai; chedopasthApanA, vyavahAradharma evaM kriyAoM kA prakaraNa hai / dhavalA ke anusAra sUtrakRtAMga kA viSayanirUpaNa rAjavArtika ke hI samAna hai / isameM svasamaya evaM parasamaya kA vizeSa ullekha hai / jayadhavalA meM kahA gayA hai ki sUtrakRtAMga meM svasamaya, parasamaya, strIpariNAma, klIbatA, aspaSTatA - mana kI bAtoM kI aspaSTatA, kAmAveza, vibhrama, AsphAlanasukha - strI saMga kA sukha, puMskAmitA - puruSecchA Adi kI carcA hai / aMgapatti meM batAyA hai ki sUtrakRtAga meM jJAna, vinaya, nirvighna adhyayana, sarvasat kriyA, prajJApanA, sukathA, kalpya vyavahAra, dharmakriyA, chedopasthApana, yatisamaya, parasamaya evaM kriyAbheda kA nirUpaNa hai / , pratikramaNa granthatrayI nAmaka pustaka meM ' tevIsAe suddayaDa'jjhANesu' aisA ullekha hai jisakA artha hai ki sUtrakRta ke teIsa adhyayana haiM / isa pATha kI prabhAcandrIya vRtti meM ina teIsa adhyayanoM ke nAma bhI ginAye haiM / ye nAma isa prakAra haiM : 1. samaya, 2. vaitAlIya, 3. upasarga, 4. strIpariNAma, 5. naraka, 6. vIrastuti, 7. kuzIlaparibhASA, 8. vIrya, 9. dharma, 10 agra, 11. mArga, 12. samavasaraNa, 13. trikAla granthahida (?), 14. AtmA, 15. tadityagAthA ( ? ), 16. puNDarIka, 17. kriyAsthAna, 18. AhArakapariNAma, 19. pratyAkhyAna, 20 anagAraguNakIrti, 21. zruta, 22. artha 23. nAlaMdA / isa prakAra acelaka paramparA meM bhI sUtrakRtAMga ke teIsa adhyayana mAnya haiM / ina nAmoM va sacelaka paramparA ke TIkAgraMtha AvazyakavRtti (pR. 651 va 658 ) meM upalabdha nAmoM meM thor3A-sA antara hai jo nagaNya hai / acelaka paramparA meM isa aMga ke prAkRta meM tIna nAma milate haiM : suddayaDa, sUdayaDa aura sUdayada / inameM prayukta 'sudda ' athavA 'sUda' zabda 'sUtra' kA evaM 'yaDa' athavA 'yada' zabda 'kRta' kA sUcaka hai / isa aMga ke prAkRta nAmoM kA saMskRta rUpAntara 'sUtrakRta' hI prasiddha hai / pUjyapAda svAmI se lekara zrutasAgara taka ke sabhI tattvArthavRttikAroM ne 'sUtrakRta' nAma kA hI ullekha kiyA hai / sacelaka paramparA meM isake lie sUtagaDa, sUyagaDa aura suttakaDa - ye tIna prAkRta nAma prasiddha haiM / inakA saMskRta rUpAntara bhI haribhadra Adi AcAryoM ne 'sUtrakRta' hI diyA

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174 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa hai / prAkRta meM bhI nAma to eka hI hai kintu uccAraNa evaM vyaMjanavikAra kI vividhatA ke kAraNa usake rUpoM meM vizeSatA A gaI hai / arthabodhaka saMkSipta zabdaracanA ko 'sUtra' kahate haiM / isa prakAra kI racanA jisameM 'kRta' arthAt kI gaI hai vaha sUtrakRta hai / samavAyAMga Adi meM nirdiSTa viSayoM athavA adhyayanoM meM se sUtrakRtAMga kI upalabdha vAcanA meM svamata tathA paramata kI carcA prathama zrutaskanva meM saMkSepa meM aura dvitIya zrutaskandha meM spaSTa rUpa se AtI hai / isameM jIvaviSayaka nirUpaNa bhI spaSTa hai / navadIkSitoM ke lie upadezaprada bodhavacana bhI vartamAna vAcanA meM spaSTa rUpa meM upalabdha haiM / tIna sau tirasTha pAkhaMDamatoM kI carcA ke lie isa sUtra meM eka pUrA adhyayana hI hai / anyatra bhI prasaMgavazAt bhUtavAdI, skandhavAdI, ekAtmavAdI, niyativAdI Adi matAvalambiyoM kI carcA AtI hai / jagat kI racanA ke vividha vAdoM kI carcA tathA mokSamArga kA nirUpaNa bhI prastuta - vAcanA meM upalabdha hai / yatra-tatra jJAna, Asrava, puNya-pApa Adi viSayoM kA nirUpaNa bhI isameM hai / kalpya akalpya viSayaka zramaNasambandhI AcAra-vyavahAra kI carcA ke lie bhI vartamAna vAcanA meM aneka gAthAe~ tathA vizeSa prakaraNa upalabdha haiM / dharma evaM kriyA-sthAna nAmaka vizeSa adhyayana bhI maujUda haiM / jayadhavalokta strIpariNAma se lekara puMskAmitA taka ke saba viSaya upasargaparijJA tathA strIparijJA nAmaka adhyayanoM meM spaSTatayA upalabdha haiM / isa prakAra acelaka tathA sacelaka granthoM meM nirdiSTa sUtrakRtAMga ke viSaya adhikAMzatayA vartamAna vAcanA meM vidyamAna haiM / yaha avazya hai ki kisI viSaya kA nirUpaNa pradhAnatayA hai to kisI kA gauNatayA / sUtrakRta kI racanA : sUtrakRtAMga ke teIsa adhyayanoM meM se prathama adhyayana kA nAma samaya hai / 'samaya' zabda siddhAnta kA sUcaka hai / isa adhyayana meM svasiddhAnta ke nirUpaNa ke sAtha - hI sAtha paramata kA bhI nirasana kI dRSTi se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isakA prArambha 'bujjhijja' zabda se zurU hone vAle padya se hotA hai : bujjhijjatti tiuTTijjA baMdhaNaM parijANiyA / kimAha baMdhaNaM voro kiMvA jANaM tiuTTai || isa gAthA ke uttarArdha meM prazna hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne baMdhana kise kahA hai ? isa prazna ke uttara ke rUpa meM yaha samagra dvitIya aMga banAyA gayA hai / niyuktikAra kahate haiM ki jinavara kA vacana sunakara apane kSayopazama dvArA zubha abhiprAyapUrvaka gaNadharoM ne jisa 'sUtra' kI racanA 'kRta' arthAt kI usakA nAma kRta hai / yaha sUtra aneka yogaMdhara sAdhuoM ko svAbhAvika bhASA arthAt prAkRta

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sUtrakRtAMga 175 1 rUpa bhASA meM prabhASita arthAt kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra niyuktikAra ne graMthakAra ke kisI vizeSa vyakti kA nAma nahIM batAyA hai / vaktA ke rUpa meM jinavara kA tathA zrotA ke rUpa gaNadharoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai / cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ne apanI pUrva paramparA kA anusaraNa karate hue vaktA ke rUpa meM sudharmA kA evaM zrotA ke rUpa meM jaMbU kA nAmollekha kiyA hai / isa grantha meM buddha ke mata ke ullekha ke sAtha buddha kA nAma bhI spaSTa AtA hai evaM buddhopadiSTa eka rUpakakathA kA bhI atyanta spaSTa ullekha hai / isase kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai ki jaba bauddha piTakoM ke saMkalana ke lie saMgItikAeM huIM, unakI vAcanA nizcita huI tathA buddha ke vicAra lipibaddha hue vaha kAla isa sUtra ke nirmANa kA kAla rahA hogA / AcArAMga meM bhI anyamatoM kA nirdeza hai kintu etadviSayaka jaisA ullekha sUtrakRtAMga meM hai vaisA AcArAMga meM nahIM / sUtrakRtAMga meM ina mata-matAntaroM kA nirasana 'ye mata mithyA haiM, ye matatravartaka ArambhI haiM, pramAdI haiM, viSayAsakta haiM' ityAdi zabdoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai / isake lie kiso vizeSa prakAra kI tarkazailI kA prayoga prAyaH nahIM hai / niyativAda tathA AjIvika sampradAya : aMguttaranikAya Adi meM sUtrakRtAMga prathama adhyayana ke dvitIya uddezaka ke prArambha meM niyativAda kA ullekha hai / vahA~ mUla meM isa mata ke puraskartA gozAlaka kA kahIM bhI nAma nahIM hai / upAsakadazA nAmaka saptama aMga meM gozAlaka tathA usake mata niyativAda kA spaSTa ullekha hai / usameM batAyA gayA hai ki gozAlaka ke matAnusAra bala, vIrya, utthAna, karma Adi kucha nahIM hai / saba bhAva sarvadA ke lie niyata haiM / bauddha grantha dIghanikAya, majjhimanikAya, saMyuttanikAya, tathA jaina grantha vyAkhyAprajJapti, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, aupapAtika Adi meM bhI AjIvika mata pravartaka niyativAdI gozAlaka kA ( nAmapUrvaka athavA nAmarahita ) varNana upalabdha hai / isa varNana kA sAra yaha hai ki gozAlaka ne eka viziSTa paMthapravartaka ke rUpa se acchI khyAti prApta kI thI / vaha vizeSatayA zrAvastI kI apanI anuyAyinI hAlA nAmaka kumhArina ke yahA~ isI nagarI ke AjIvika maTha meM rahatA thA / gozAlaka kA AjIvika sampradAya rAjamAnya bhI huA / priyadarzI rAjA azoka evaM usake uttarAdhikArI mahArAjA dazaratha ne AjIvika sampradAya ko dAna diyA thA, aisA ullekha zilAlekhoM meM Aja mI upalabdha hai / bauddha grantha 1. sUtrakRtAMganiyukti, gA. 18-19. 2. dekhiye - saddAlaputta evaM kuMDakoliyasambandhI prakaraNa. 1

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176 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa mahAvaMza kI TIkA meM yaha batAyA gayA ki azoka kA pitA bindusAra bhI AjIvika sampradAya kA Adara karatA thaa| chaThI zatAbdI meM hue varAhamihira ke grantha meM bhI AjIvika bhikSuoM kA ullekha hai| bAda meM isa sampradAya kA dhIredhIre hrAsa hotA gayA va anta meM kisI anya bhAratIya sampradAya meM vilayana ho gyaa| phira to yahA~ taka huA ki AjIvika sampradAya, trairAzikamata aura digambara paramparA-ina tInoM ke bIca koI bheda hI nahIM rhaa|' zIlAMkadeva va abhayadeva jaise vidvAn vRttikAra taka inakI bhinnatA na batA sake / kozakAra halAyudha ( dasavIM zatAbdI) ne ina tInoM ko paryAyavAcI mAnA hai| dakSiNa ke terahavIM zatAbdI ke kucha zilAlekhoM meM ye tInoM abhinna rUpa se ullikhita haiN| sAMkhyamata: prastuta sUtra meM aneka mata-matAntaroM kI carcA AtI hai| inake puraskartAoM ke viSaya meM nAmapUrvaka koI khAsa varNana mUla meM upalabdha nahIM hai| ina matoM meM se bauddhamata va niyativAda vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| ina donoM ke pravartaka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakAlIna the| sAMkhyasammata AtmA ke akartRtva kA nirasana karate hue sUtrakAra kahate haiM : je te u vAiNo evaM loge tesi kao siyA ? tamAo te tamaM jaMti maMdA aarmbhnissiaa|| arthAta ina vAdiyoM ke matAnusAra saMsAra kI jo vyavasthA pratyakSa dikhAI detI hai usakI saMgati kaise hogI? ye aMdhakAra se aMdhakAra meM jAte haiM, maMda haiM, AraMbha-samAraMbha meM DUbe hue haiN| upayukta gAthA ke zabdoM se aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 1. 'sa evaM gozAlakamatAnusArI trairAzikaH nirAkRtaH / punaH anyena prakAreNa Aha'-sUtrakRta0 2, zruta0 6 ArdrakIya adhyayana gAthA 14vIM kA ava taraNa-zIlAGkavRtti, pR0 393. 2. 'te eva ca AjIvikA trairAzikA bhaNitAH'-samavAyavRtti-abhayadeva, pR0 130. 3. 'rajoharaNadhArI ca zvetavAsAH sitAmbaraH // 344 // nagnATo digvAsA kSapaNaH zramaNazca jIvako jainaH / AjIbo maladhArI nirgranthaH kathyate sadbhiH // 345 // -halAyudhakoza, dvitIyakAMDa.

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sUtrakRtAMga 177 samaya meM athavA sUtrayojaka ke yuga meM sAMkhyamatAnuyAyI ahiMsApradhAna athavA aparigrahapradhAna nahIM dikhAI dete the| ajJAnavAda: prastuta sUtra ke prathama adhyayana ke dvitIya uddezaka kI chaThI gAthA se jisa vAda kI carcA prArambha hotI hai va caudahavIM gAthA se jisakA khaNDana zurU hotA hai use cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ne "ajJAnavAda" nAma diyA hai / niyuktikAra ne kahA hai ki niyativAda ke bAda kramazaH ajJAnavAda, jJAnavAda evaM buddha ke karmacaya kI carcA AtI hai| niyuktikAranirdiSTa ajJAnavAda kI carcA cUNi athavA vRtti meM kahIM bhI dikhAI nahIM detii| samavasaraNa nAmaka bArahaveM adhyayana meM jina mukhya cAra vAdoM kA ullekha hai unameM ajJAnavAda kA bhI samAveza hai / isa vAda kA svarUpa vRttikAra ne isa prakAra batAyA hai ki 'ajJAnameva zreyaH' arthAt ajJAna hI kalyANarUpa hai| ata: kucha bhI jAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / jJAna prApta karane se ulaTI hAni hotI hai| jJAna na hone para bahuta kama hAni hotI hai / udAharaNArtha jAnakara aparAdha kiye jAne para adhika daNDa milatA hai jabaki ajJAnavaza aparAdha hone kI sthiti meM daNDa bahuta kama milatA hai athavA bilakula nahIM milatA / vRttikAra zIlAMkAcAryanirdiSTa ajJAnavAda kA yaha svarUpa mUla gAthA meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| yaha gAthA isa prakAra hai : mAhaNA samaNA ege savve nANaM sayaM ve| savvaloge vi je pANA na te jANaMti kiMcaNa || -a. 1, u. 2, gA. 14. arthAt kaI eka brAhmaNa kahate haiM ki ve svayaM jJAna ko pratipAdita karate haiM, unake atirikta isa samasta saMsAra meM koI kucha bhI nahIM jaantaa| ___ isa gAthA kA tAtparya yaha hai ki kucha brAhmaNoM evaM zramaNoM kI dRSTi se unake atirikta sArA jagat ajJAnI hai| yahI ajJAnavAda kI bhUmikA hai| isameM se 'ajJAnameva zreyaH' kA siddhAnta vRttikAra ne kaise nikAlA ? bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna chaH tIrthaMkaroM meM se saMjayabelaDhiputta nAmaka eka tIrthakara ajJAnavAdI thaa| saMbhavataH usI ke mata ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue ukta gAthA kI racanA huI ho / usake matAnusAra tattvaviSayaka ajJeyatA athavA anizcayatA hI ajJAnavAda kI AdhArazilA hai / yaha mata pAzcAtyadarzana ke ajJeyavAda athavA saMzayavAda se milatAjulatA hai|

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178 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa karmacayavAda : dvitIya uddezaka ke anta meM bhikSusamaya arthAt bauddhamata ke karmacayavAda kI carcA hai| yahA~ bauddhadarzana ko sUtra kAra, cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ne kriyAvAdI arthAt karmavAdI kahA hai / sUtrakAra kahate haiM ki isa darzana kI karmaviSayaka mAnyatA duHkhaskandha' ko bar3hAne vAlI hai : adhAvaraM purakkhAyaM kiriyAvAdidarisaNaM / kammaciMtApaNaTThANaM dukkhakkhaMdhavivaddhaNaM // 24 / / cUrNikAra ne 'dukkhakkhaMdha' kA artha 'karmasamUha' kiyA hai evaM vRttikAra ne 'asAtodayaparamparA' arthAt 'duHkhaparamparA' / donoM kI vyAkhyA meM koI tAtvika bheda nahIM hai kyoMki duHkhaparamparA karmasamUhajanya hI hotI hai / isa prasaMga para sUtrakAra ne bauddhamatasambandhI eka gAthA dI hai, jisakA Azaya yaha hai ki amuka prakAra kI Apatti meM phaMsA huA asaMyamI pitA yadi lAcArIvaza apane putra ko mAra kara khAjAya to bhI vaha karma se lipta nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra ke mAMsa-sevana se medhAvI arthAt saMyamI sAdhu bhI karmalipta nahIM hotA / gAthA isa prakAra hai : pRttaM pitA samAraMbha AhAraTramasaMjate / bhuMjamANo vi medhAvI kammuNA jovalippate // 28 / / athavA puttaM giyA samArabbha AhArejja asaMjae / bhuMjamANo ya mehAvI kammuNA novalippai // 28 / / uparokta 8vIM gAthA meM vizeSa prakAra ke artha kA sUcaka pAThabheda bahuta samaya se calA A rahA hai, usa pAThabheda ke anusAra gAthA ke artha meM bar3I bhinnatA hotI hai / dekhie cUNikAra kA pATha 'pitA' aisA hai, usameM do pada haiM tathA 'pitA' zabda kA artha isa pATha meM nahIM hai| isa pATha ke anusAra putra kA bhI vadha karake aisA artha hotA hai| jaba ki vRttikAra kA pATha 'piyA' athavA pitA aisA hai, isa pATha meM eka hI pada hai piyA' athavA 'pitaa'| isa pATha ke anusAra 'pitA putra kA vadha karake' aisA artha hotA hai aura vRttikAra ne bhI isI artha kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, do pada vAlA pATha jitanA prAcIna hai utanA eka pada vAlA 'pitA' pATha prAcIna 1. bauddhasammata cAra AryasatyoM meM se eka. 2. cUrNikArasammata pATha. 3. vRttikArasammata pATha,

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sUtrakRtAMga 179 nhiiN| "pi tA' aisA pRthaka-pRthak na par3ha kara 'pitA' aisA par3hane se saMbhava hai ki aisA pATha bheda huA ho / cUrNikAra aura vRttikAra donoM hI 'putra ke vadha karane' isa Azaya meM eka mata haiN| cUrNikAra 'pitA' kA artha svIkAra nahIM karate aura vRttikAra 'pitA' kA artha spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra karate haiN| padaccheda na karane kI dRSTi se aisA pATha bheda ho gayA hai parantu vizeSa vicAra karane meM mAlUma hotA hai ki bauddhatripiTaka ke antargata Ae hue saMyuttanikAya meM eka aisI rUpaka-kathA AtI hai jisameM pitA putra kA vadha karake usakA bhojana meM upayoga karatA hai / saMbhava hai ki vRttikAra kI smRti meM saMyutta nikAya kI vaha kathA rahI ho aura usI kathA kA Azaya smRtipatha meM rakhakara unhoMne 'pitA putra kA vadha karake' isa prakAra ke artha kA nirUpaNa kiyA ho| __ bhagavAn buddha ne apane saMgha ke bhikSuoM ko kisa dRSTi se aura kisa uddezya se bhojana karanA cAhie isa bAta ko samajhAne ke lie yaha kathA kahI hai| kathA kA sAra yaha hai : eka AdamI apane ikalaute putra ke sAtha pravAsa kara rahA hai, sAtha meM putra kI mAtA bhI hai| pravAsa karate-karate ve tInoM aise durgama gahana jaMgala meM A pahu~cate haiM jahAM zarIra ke nirvAha yogya kucha bhI prApya na thaa| binA bhojana zarIra kA nirvAha nahIM ho sakatA aura binA jIvana-nirvAha ke yaha zarIra kAma bhI nahIM de sakatA / anta meM aisI sthiti A gaI ki unase calA hI nahIM jAtA thA aura isa jaMgala meM tInoM hI khatma ho jaayeNge| taba putra ne pitA se prArthanA kI ki pitA jI, mujhe mAra kara bhojana kareM aura zarIra ko gatizIla banA leN| Apa haiM to sArA parivAra hai, Apa nahIM raheMge to hamArA parivAra kaise jIvita raha sakatA hai ? ataH binA saMkoca Apa apane putra ke mAMsa kA bhojana karake isa bhayAnaka araNya ko pAra kara jAyeM aura sAre parivAra ko jIvita rkheN| taba pitA ne putra ke mAMsa kA bhojana meM upayoga kiyA aura usa araNya se bAhara nikala aae| isa kathA ko kaha kara tathAgata ne bhikSuoM se pUchA ki he bhikSuoM ! kyA putra ke mAMsa kA bhojana meM upayoga karane vAle pitA ne apane svAda ke lie aisA kiyA hai ? kyA apane zarIra kI zakti bar3he, bala kA saMcaya ho, zarIra kA rUpalAvaNya aura sauMdarya bar3he, isa hetu se usane apane putra ke mAMsa kA bhojana meM upayoga kiyA hai ? __ tathAgata ke isa prazna kA uttara dete hue bhikSuoM ne kahA ki bhadaMta ! nahIM, nhiiN| usane ekamAtra aTavI pAra karane ke uddezya se zarIra meM calane kA sAmarthya A sake isI kAraNa se apane putra ke mAMsa kA bhojana meM upayoga kiyA hai|

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180 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa taba tathAgata ne kahA-he bhikSuoM ! tumane gharabAra chor3A hai aura saMsArarUpI aTavI ko pAra karane ke hetu se hI bhikSu-vrata liyA hai, tumheM saMsArarUpa bhISaNa jaMgala pAra kara nirvANa lAbha karanA hai to isI eka nimitta ko lakSya meM rakhakara bhojana-pAna lete raho vaha bhI parimita aura dharmaprApta tathA kAlaprApta / mile to ThIka hai, na mile to bhI ThIka smjho| svAda ke lAlaca se, zarIra meM bala bar3he, zakti kA saMcaya ho tathA apanA rUpa, lAvaNya tathA sauMdarya bar3hatA rahe isa dRSTi se khAna-pAna loge to tuma bhikSuka dharma se cyuta ho jAoge aura moghabhikSu-piMDolaka bhikSa ho jaaoge| tathAgata buddha ne isa rUpaka kathA dvArA bhikSuoM ko yaha samajhAyA hai ki bhikSugaNa kisa uddezya se khAna-pAna leveM / mAlUma hotA hai ki samaya bItane para isa kathA kA Azaya vismata ho gayA-smRti se bAhara calA gayA aura kevala zabda kA artha hI dhyAna meM rahA aura isa artha kA hI mAMsabhojana ke samarthana meM loga kyA bhikSugaNa bhI upayoga karane laga gae hoM / isI paristhiti ko dekha kara caNikAra ne apane tarIke se aura vRttikAra ne apane tarIke se isa gAthA kA vivaraNa kiyA hai aisA mAlama par3atA hai| visuddhimagga aura mahAyAna ke zikSAsamuccaya meM bhI isI bAta kA prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| sUtrakRta kI ukta gAthA kI vyAkhyA meM cUrNikAra va vRttikAra meM matabheda hai / cUrNikAra ke anusAra kisI upAsaka athavA anya vyakti dvArA apane putra ko mArakara usake mAMsa dvArA taiyAra kiyA gayA bhojana bhI yadi koI medhAvI bhikSu khAne ke kAma meM le to vaha karmalipta nahIM hotA / hA~, mArane vAlA avazya pApa kA bhAgI hotA hai / vRttikAra ke anusAra ApattikAla meM nirupAya ho anAsakta bhAva se apane putra ko mArakara usakA bhojana karane vAlA gRhastha evaM aisA bhojana karane vAlA bhikSu ina donoM meM se koI bhI pApakarma se lipta nahIM hotA / tAtparya yaha ki karmabandha kA kAraNa mamatvabhAva-Asakti-rAgadveSa-kaSAya hai, na ki koI kriyAvizeSa / jJAtAdharmakathA nAmaka chaThe aMgasUtra meM suMsumA nAmaka eka adhyayana hai jisameM pUrvokta saMyuttanikAyAdi pratipAdita rUpaka ke anusAra yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki ApattikAla meM ApavAdika rUpa se manuSya apanI khuda kI santAna kA bhI mAMsa bhakSaNa kara sakatA hai| yahA~ mRta saMtAna ke mAMsabhakSaNa kA ullekha hai na ki mArakara usakA mAMsa khAne kaa| isa carcA kA sAra kevala yahI hai ki anAsakta hokara bhojana karane vAlA athavA anya prakAra kI kriyA meM pravRtta hone vAlA karmalipta nahIM hotaa|

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sUtrakRtAMga buddha kA zUkara-mAMsabhakSaNa : ____ bauddha paramparA meM eka kathA aisI pracalita hai ki khuda buddha ne zUkaramaddava arthAt sUara kA mAMsa khAyA thaa|' suara kA mAMsa khAte hue bhI buddha pApakarma se lipta nahIM hue| aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki upayukta gAthA meM sUtrakAra ne bauddha sammata karmacaya kA svarUpa samajhAte hue isI ghaTanA kA nirdeza kiyA hai| yaha kaise ? gAthA ke prArambha meM jo 'puttaM' pATha hai vaha kisI kAraNa se vikRta huA mAlUma par3atA hai| merI dRSTi se yahA~ "potti" pATha honA cAhie / amarakoza tathA abhidhAnacintAmaNi meM potrI ( prAkRta potti ) zabda zUkara ke paryAya ke rUpa meM suprasiddha hai / athavA saMskRta potra ( prAkRta putta ) zabda zUkara ke mukha kA sUcaka mAnA gayA hai| yadi aisA samajhA jAya ki isI artha vAlA putta zabda isa gAthA meM prayukta huA hai to zUkara kA artha bhI saMgata ho jAtA hai| ataH isa "puttaM" pATha ko vikRta karane kI jarUrata nahIM rhtii| saMzodhaka mahAnubhAva isa viSaya meM jarUra vicAra kreN| isI prakAra ukta gAthA meM prayukta 'mehAvI" zabda bhagavAn buddha kA sUcaka hai| isa dRSTi se yaha mAnanA upayukta pratIta hotA hai ki ukta gAthA meM karmabandha kI carcA karate hue buddha ke zUkara-mAMsabhakSaNa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| merI yaha prarUpaNA kahA~ taka satya hai, isakA nirNaya gaveSaNAzIla vidvajjana hI kreNge| uparyukta gAthA ke pahale kI tIna gAthAoM meM bhI bauddha saMmata karmabandhana kA hI svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| hiMsA kA hetu : sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM Ane vAle ArdrakIya nAmaka chaThe adhyayana meM ArdrakumAra nAmaka pratyekabuddha ke sAtha hone vAle bauddha sampradAya ke vAdiyoM ke vAda-vivAda kA ullekha hai| usameM bhI karmabandhana ke svarUpa kI hI carcA hai| bauddhamata ke samarthaka kahate haiM ki mAnasika saMkalpa hI hiMsA kA kAraNa hai / tila athavA sarasoM kI khalI kA eka piNDa par3A ho aura koI use puruSa samajha kara usakA nAza kare to hamAre mata meM vaha hiMsA ke doSa se lipta hotA hai| isI prakAra alAbu ko kumAra samajha kara usakA nAza karane vAlA bhI hiMsA kA bhAgI hotA hai| isase viparIta puruSa ko khalI samajha kara evaM kumAra ko alAbu samajha kara usakA nAza karane vAlA, prANivadha kA bhAgI nahIM hotaa| itanA hI nahIM, isa prakAra kI buddhi se pakAyA huA puruSa kA athavA kumAra kA mAMsa buddhoM ke bhojana ke lie vihita hai| isa prakAra pakAye hue mAMsa dvArA jo upAsaka apane sampradAya ke do hajAra bhikSuoM ko bhojana karAte haiM ve mahAn puNyaskandha kA upA 1. dekhiye-buddha caryA, pR. 535 /

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182 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa jana karate haiM aura usake dvArA Aroppa ( Aropya ) nAmaka devayoni meM janma lete haiM / bauddhavAdiyoM kI isa mAnyatA kA pratIkAra karate hue ArdrakumAra kahate haiM ki khalI ko puruSa samajhanA athavA alAbu ko kumAra samajhanA yA puruSa ko khalI samajhanA athavA kumAra ko alAbu samajhanA kaise saMbhava hai ? jo aisA kahate haiM aura usa kathana ko svIkAra karate haiM ve ajJAnI haiN| jo aisA samajha kara bhikSu oM ko bhojana karavAte haiM ve asaMyata haiM, anArya haiM, raktapANi haiN| ve auddezika mAMsa kA bhakSaNa karane vAle haiM, jihvA ke svAda meM Asakta haiN| samasta prANiyoM kI rakSA ke lie jJAtaputra mahAvIra tathA unake anuyAyI bhikSu auddezika bhojana kA sarvathA tyAga karate haiM / yaha nimranthadharma hai / prathama adhyayana ke tRtIya uddezaka kI pahalI hI gAthA meM audezika bhojana kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| kisI bhikSuvizeSa athavA bhikSusamUha ke lie banAyA jAne vAlA bhojana, vastra, pAtra, sthAna Adi Arhata muni ke lie agrAhya hai / bauddha bhikSa oM ke viSaya meM aisA nahIM hai / svayaM bhagavAn buddha nimantraNa svIkAra karate the| ve evaM bhikSusaMgha unhIM ke lie taiyAra kiyA gayA nirAmiSa athavA sAmiSa AhAra grahaNa karate the tathA vihAroM va udyAnoM kA dAna bhI svIkAra karate the| jagat-kartRtva : prastuta uddezaka kI pAMcavIM gAthA se jagat-kartRtva kI carcA zurU hotI hai / isase jagat ko devautta (devaupta) arthAt deva kA boyA huA, baMbhautta (brahmaupta) arthAt brahma kA boyA huA, issareNa kata ( IzvareNa kRta ) arthAt Izvara kA banAyA huA, saMbhuNA kata (svayaMbhunA kRta) arthAt svayaMbhU kA banAyA huA kahA gayA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki yaha kathana maharSiyoM kA hai : iti vRttaM mahesiNA / carNikAra 'maharSi' kA artha spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM : 'mahaRSI nAma sa evabrahmA athavA vyAsAdayo maharSayaH' arthAt maharSi kA artha hai brahmA athavA vyAsa Adi RSi / yahAM chaThI gAthA meM jagat ko pradhAnakAraNika bhI batAyA gayA hai| pradhAna kA artha hai sAMkhyasammata prakRti / sAtavIM gAthA meM batAyA gayA hai ki mAra racita mAyA ke kAraNa yaha jagat azAzvata hai arthAt saMsAra kA pralayakartA mAra hai / cUrNikAra ne 'mAra' kA artha 'viSNu' batAyA hai jabaki vRttikAra ne 'mAra' zabda kA 'yama' artha kiyA hai| AThavIM gAthA meM jagat ko aMDakRta arthAt aMDe meM se paidA hone vAlA batAyA gayA hai-aMDakaDe jage / ina saba vAdoM kA khaNDana karane ke lie sUtrakAra ne koI vizeSa tarka prastuta na karate hue kevala itanA hI kahA hai ki aisA mAnane vAle ajJAnI haiM, asatyabhASI haiM, tattva se ana

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sUtrakRtAMga 183 bhijJa haiM / ina gAthAoM kA vivecana karate hue cUrNikAra ne sAtavIM gAthA ke bAda nAgArjunIya pAThAntara ke rUpa meM eka naI gAthA kA ullekha kiyA hai jo isa prakAra hai : ativaDDhIyajIvA NaM mahI viNNavate pa / tato se mAyAsaMjutte kare logassa'middavA / / __ arthAt pRthvo apane Upara jIvoM kA bhAra atyadhika bar3ha jAne ke kAraNa prabhu se vinatI karatI hai| isase prabhu ne mAyA kI racanA kI aura usake dvArA loka kA vinAza kiyaa| __ yaha mAnyatA vaidika paramparA meM ati prAcIna kAla se pracalita hai| purANoM meM to isakA sundara AlaMkArika varNana bho milatA hai| gyArahavIM va bArahavIM gAthA meM gItA ke avatAravAda kA nirdeza hai / ina gAthAoM kA Azaya yaha hai ki AtmA zuddha hai phira bhI kroDA evaM dveSa ke kAraNa punaH aparAdhI arthAt rajoguNayukta banatI hai evaM zarIra dhAraNa karatI hai / Izvara apane dharma kI pratiSThA evaM dUsare ke dharma kI apratiSThA dekha kara lIlA karatA hai / apane dharma ko apratiSThA evaM dUsare ke dharma kI pratiSThA dekhakara usake mana meM dveSa utpanna hotA hai aura vaha apane dharma kI punaH pratiSThA karane ke lie rajoguNayukta hokara avatAra dhAraNa karatA hai / apanA kArya pUrA karane ke bAda punaH zuddha evaM niSpApa hokara apane vAstavika rUpa meM avasthita hotA hai / dharma kA vinAza evaM adharma kI pratiSThA dekha kara Izvara ke avatAra lene kI yaha mAnyatA brAhmaNaparamparA meM mAnya hai / saMyamadharma : __prathama adhyayana ke antima uddezaka meM nirgrantha ko saMyama dharma ke AcaraNa kA upadeza diyA gayA hai aura vibhinna vAdoM meM na phaMsane ko kahA gayA hai| tIsarI gAthA meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kucha logoM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra parigraha evaM AraMbha-AlaMbhana-hiMsA Atmazuddhi va nirvANa ke lie haiN| nirgranthoM ko yaha mata svIkAra nahIM karanA caahie| unheM samajhanA cAhie ki aparigraha tathA aparigrahI evaM anAraMbha tathA anAraMbhI hI zaraNarUpa hai / pAMcavI gAthA se lokavAda kI carcA prAraMbha hotI hai| isameM lokaviSayaka nityatA va anityatA, sAntatA va anantatA, parimitatA va aparimitatA Adi kA vicAra hai / vRttikAra ne paurANikavAda ko lokavAda kahA hai aura batAyA hai ki brahmA amuka samaya taka sotA hai va kucha dekhatA nahIM, amuka samaya taka jAgatA hai va dekhatA hai-yaha saba lokavAda hai|

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184 veyAliya : dvitIya adhyayana kA nAma veyAliya hai / niyuktikAra, cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra isakA artha vaidArika tathA vaitAlIya ke rUpa meM karate haiM / vidAra kA artha hai vinAza / yahA~ rAgadveSarUpa saMskAroM kA vinAza vivakSita hai| jisa adhyayana meM rAgadveSa ke vidAra kA varNana ho usakA nAma hai vaidArika / vaitAlIya nAmaka eka chaMda hai / jo adhyayana vaitAlIya chaMda meM hai usakA nAma hai vaitAlIya / prastuta adhyayana ke nAma ke ina do arthoM meM se vaitAlIya chaMda vAlA arthaM vizeSa upayukta pratIta hotA hai / vaidArika arthaparaka nAma ativyApta hai kyoMki yaha arthaM to anya adhyayanoM athavA granthoM se bhI sambaddha hai ataH kevala isI adhyayana ko vaidArika nAma denA upayukta nahIM / jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa prastuta adhyayana meM tIna uddezaka haiM jinameM vairAgyapoSaka varNana ke sAtha zramaNadharma kA pratipAdana hai / prathama uddezaka kI pAMcavIM gAthA meM batAyA gayA hai ki deva, gAMdharva, rAkSasa, nAga, rAjA, seTha, brAhmaNa Adi saba duHkhapUrvaka mRtyu ko prApta hote haiM / mRtyu ke lie saba jIva samAna haiN| usake sAmane kisI kA prabhAva kAma nahIM karatA / navIM gAthA meM sUtrakAra kahate haiM ki sAdhaka bhale hI nagna rahatA ho va nirantara mAsa-mAsa ke upavAsa karatA ho kintu yadi vaha dambhI hai to usakA yaha saba AcaraNa khokhalA hai / AcArAMga sUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyayana ke tRtIya uddezaka meM 'paNayA vIrA mahAvIhi' aisA eka khaNDita vAkya hai / sUtrakRtAMga ke prastuta adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka kI ikkIsavIM gAthA meM isa vAkyavAlA pUrA padya hai : tamhA davi ikkha paMDie pAvAo virate'bhiNivvuDe / paNayA vIrA mahAvIhi siddhipahaM NeAu dhuvaM // isa uddezaka kI vRttisammata gAthAoM aura cUrNisammata gAthAoM meM atyadhika pAThabheda hai / pAThabheda ke kucha namUne ye haiM :---- vRttigata pATha sayameva kaDehiM gAhai No tassa muccejjapuTThayaM // 4 // kAmehi ya saMthavehi giddhA kammasahA kAleNa jaMtavo || 6 || je iha mAyAi mijjaI AgaMtA gabbhAya'NaMtaso // 10 // cUrNigata pATha yameva kaDe'bhigAha No teNaM mucce aTThavaM // 4 // kAmehiya saMthavehi ya kammasahe kAleNa jaMtavo // 6 // jai viha mAyAdi mijjatI AgaMtA gabbhAdaNaMtaso // 9 //

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sUtrakRtAMga 185 ina pAThabhedoM ke atirikta cUrNikAra ne kaI jagaha anya pAThAntara bhI diye haiM evaM nAgArjunIya vAcanA ke pAThabhedoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| prathama uddezaka kI antima gAthA ke 'vetAliyamaggamAgato' isa prathama caraNa meM adhyayana ke vetAliya-vaitAlIya nAma kA bhI nirdeza hai| yahA~ 'vetAliya' zabda vaitAlIya chanda kA nirdezaka hai| isakA dUsarA artha vaidArika arthAt rAgadveSa kA vidAraNa karane vAle bhagavAn mahAvIra ke rUpa meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| ye donoM artha cUNi meM haiN| prathama uddezaka meM 22, dvitIya uddezaka meM 32 aura tRtIya uddezaka meM 22 gAthAe haiN| isa prakAra vaitAlIya adhyayana meM kula milAkara 76 gAthAeM haiN| inameM hiMsA na karane ke sambandha meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai evaM mahAvratoM va aNuvratoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue unake anusaraNa para bhAra diyA gayA hai| sAdhaka zramaNa ho yA gRhastha, use sAdhanA meM Ane vAle pratyeka vighna kA sAmanA karanA cAhie evaM vItarAgatA kI bhUmikA para pahu~canA cAhie / ina saba upadezAtmaka gAthAoM meM upamAe~ de-dekara bhAva ko pUrI taraha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya uddezaka kI aThArahavIM gAthA kA Adya caraNa hai 'usiNodagatattabhoiNo' arthAt garama pAnI ko binA ThaMDA kiye hI pIne vaalaa| yaha muni kA vizeSaNa hai| isa prakAra ke muni ko rAjA Adi ke saMsarga se dUra rahanA cAhie / dazavaikAlika sUtra ke tRtIya adhyayana kI chaThI gAthA ke uttarArdha kA prathama caraNa 'tattA'nivvuDabhoitta' bhI garama-garama pAnI pIne kI paramparA kA samarthaka hai| tRtIya uddezaka kI tIsarI gAthA meM mahAvratoM kI mahimA batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki jaise vaNikoM dvArA lAye hue uttama ratnoM ko rAjA-mahArAjA dhAraNa karate haiM usI prakAra jJAniyoM dvArA upadiSTa rAtribhojanaviramaNayukta ratnasadRza mahAvratoM ko uttama puruSa hI dhAraNa kara sakate hai| isa gAthA kI vyAkhyA meM cUrNikAra ne do matoM kA ullekha kiyA hai : pUrvadizA meM rahane vAle AcAryoM ke mata kA va pazcima dizA meM rahane vAle AcAryoM ke mata kA / saMbhava hai, cUrNikAra kA tAtparya pUrvadizA arthAt mathurA athavA pATaliputra ke sambandha se skandilAcArya Adi se evaM pazcimadizA arthAt valabhI ke sambandha se nAgArjuna athavA devarSigaNi Adi se ho| rAtribhojanaviramaNa kA pRthaka ullekha etadviSayaka zaithilya ko dUra karane athavA ise vrata ke samakakSa banAne kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| isI sUtra ke vIrastuti nAmaka chaThe adhyayana meM bhI rAtribhojana kA pRthak niSedha kiyA gayA hai| prastuta uddezaka ko antima gAthA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke lie 'nAyaputta' kA prayoga huA hai| sAtha hI ina vizeSaNoM kA bhI upayoga kiyA gayA hai : aNuttaraNANI, aNuttaradaMsI, aNuttaranANadaMsaNadhare, arahA, bhagavaM aura vesAlie arthAt zreSThatamajJAnI,

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186 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zreSThatamadarzI, zreSThatamajJAnadarzanadhara, arhat, bhagavAn aura vaizAlika-vizAlA nagarI meM utpanna / upasarga : tRtIya adhyayana kA nAma upasargaparijJA hai| sAdhaka jaba apanI sAdhanA ke lie tatpara hotA hai taba se lagAkara sAdhanA ke anta taka use aneka prakAra ke vighnoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| sAdhanAkAla meM Ane vAle ina vighnoM, bAdhAoM, vipattiyoM ko upasarga kahate haiN| vaise ye upasarga gine nahIM jA sakate, phira bhI prastuta adhyayana meM inameM se kucha pratikUla evaM anukUla upasarga ginAye gaye haiN| inase ina vighnoM ko prakRti kA patA laga sakatA hai / saccA sAdhaka isa prakAra ke upasargoM ko jIta kara vItarAga athavA sthitaprajJa banatA hai / yahI sampUrNa adhyayana kA sAra hai / isa adhyayana ke cAra uddezaka haiM / prathama uddezaka meM 17 mAthAeM haiM, jinameM bhikSAvRtti, zIta, tApa, bhUkha pyAsa, DAMsa, macchara, asnAna, apamAna, pratikUlazayyA, kezaloca, AjIvanabrahmacarya Adi pratikUla upasargoM kA varNana hai / manuSya ko jaba taka saMgrAma meM jise jItanA hai usake bala kA patA nahIM hotA taba taka vaha apane ko zUra samajhatA hai aura kahatA hai ki isameM kyA ? use to maiM eka cuTakI meM sApha kara duuNgaa| mere sAmane vaha to eka macchara hai / kintu jaba zatru sAmane AtA hai taba usake hoza gAyaba ho jAte haiN| sUtrakAra ne isa tathya ko samajhAne ke lie zizupAla aura kRSNa kA udAharaNa diyA hai / yahAM kRSNa ke lie 'mahAratha' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| cUrNikAra ne mahAratha kA artha kezava ( kRSNa ) kiyA hai| sAdhaka ke liye upasargoM ko jItanA utanA hI kaThina hai jitanA ki zizupAla ke lie kRSNa ko jItanA / upasargoM kI capeTa meM AnevAle DholeDhAle vyakti kI to zraddhA hI samApta ho jAtI hai| jisa prakAra nirbala strI apane Upara Apatti Ane para apane mAM-bApa va pohara ke logoM ko yAda karatI hai usI prakAra nirbala sAdhaka apane Upara upasargoM kA AkramaNa hone para apanI rakSA ke lie svajanoM ko yAda karane lagatA hai| dvitIya uddezaka meM 22 gAthAe~ haiN| inameM svajanoM arthAt mAtA-pitA, bhAI-bahana, putra-putrI, pati-patnI Adi dvArA hone vAle upasargoM kA varNana hai| ye upasarga pratikUla nahIM apitu anukUla hote haiN| jisa prakAra sAdhaka pratikUla upasargoM se bhayabhIta hokara apanA mArga chor3a sakatA hai usI prakAra anukUla upasargoM ke AkarSaNa ke kAraNa bhI pathabhraSTa ho sakatA hai / isa tathya ko samajhAne ke lie aneka upamAeM dI gaI haiN|

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sUtrakRtAMga 187 tRtIya uddezaka meM saba mila kara 21 gAthAeM haiN| inameM isa prakAra ke upasargoM kA varNana hai jo nirbala manavAle zramaNa kI vAsanA dvArA utpanna hote haiM tathA anya matavAle logoM ke AkSepoM ke pAtra hote haiM / nirbala bhikSu ke mana meM kisa prakAra ke saMkalpa-vikalpa utpanna hote haiM, isakA yathArtha citraNa prastuta uddezaka meM hai| buddhimAn bhikSu ina saba saMkalpa-vikalpoM meM Upara uTha kara apane mArga meM sthira rahate haiM jabaki ajJAnI va mUr3ha bhikSu apane mArga se cyuta ho jAte haiM / isa uddezaka meM AnevAle anyamatiyoM se cUrNikAra va vRttikAra kA tAtparya AjIvakoM evaM digambara paramparA ke bhikSuoM se hai ( AjovikaprAyAH anyatothikAH, boddigaa-cuurnni)| jaba saMyata bhikSuoM ke sAmane kisI ke sAtha vAdavivAda karane kA prasaMga upasthita ho taba unheM kisI ko virodhabhAva va kleza na ho isa DhaMga se tarka va yukti kA bahuguNayukta mArga svIkAra karanA cAhie / prastuta uddezaka kI solahavIM gAthA meM kahA gayA hai ki prativAdiyoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki dAnAdi dharma kI prajJApanA AraMbha-samAraMbha meM par3e hue gRhasthoM kI zuddhi ke lie hai, bhikSuoM ke lie nahIM, ThIka nahIM / pUrvapuruSoM ne isI dRSTi se arthAt gRhasthoM kI hI zuddhi kI dRSTi se dAnAdika kI koI nirUpaNA nahIM kii| cUrNikAra ne yahAM para kevala itanA hI likhA hai ki isa pravRtti kA pUrva meM koI niSedha nahIM kiyA gayA hai jabaki vRttikAra ne isa kathana ko thor3A sA bar3hAyA hai aura kahA hai ki sarvajJa puruSoM ne prAcIna kAla meM aisI koI bAta nahIM kahI hai| yaha carcA vRttikAra ke kathanAnusAra digambarapakSIya bhikSuoM aura zvetAmbara paramparA ke sAdhuoM ke bIca hai / vRttikAra kA yaha kathana upayukta pratIta hotA hai / caturtha uddezaka meM saba mila kara 22 gAthAeM haiN| isa uddezaka ke viSaya ke sambandha meM niyuktikAra kahate haiM ki kucha zramaNa kutarka arthAt hetvAbhAsa dvArA anAcArarUpa pravRttiyoM ko AcAra meM samAviSTa karane kA prayatna karate haiM evaM jAnabUjhakara anAcAra meM phaMsane kA upasarga utpanna karate haiN| prastuta uddezaka meM isI prakAra ke upasargoM kA varNana hai| prathama cAra gAthAoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki kucha zithila zramaNa yoM kahane lagate haiM ki prAcIna kAla meM kucha aise bhI tapasvI hue haiM jo upavAsAdi tapa na karate, uSNa pAnI na pote, phala-phUla Adi khAte phira bhI unheM jaina pravacana meM mahApuruSa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / itanA hI nahIM, inheM mukta bho mAnA gayA hai| inake nAma ye haiMH rAmamutta, bAhua, nArAyaNarisi athavA tArAyaNarisi, Asiladevala, dIvAyaNamahArisi aura pArAsara / ina puruSoM kA mahApuruSa evaM arhat ke rUpa meM RSibhASita nAmaka ati prAcIna jainapravacanAnusArI zruta meM spaSTa

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188 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ullekha hai / isake AdhAra para kucha zithila zramaNa yaha kahane ke lie taiyAra hote haiM ki yadi ye loga ThaMDA pAnI pIkara, niraMtarabhojI rahakara evaM phala-phUlAdi khAkara mahApuruSa bane haiM evaM mukta hue haiM to hama vaisA kyoM nahIM kara sakate ? isa prakAra ke hetvAbhAsa dvArA ye zithila zramaNa apane AcAra se bhraSTa hote haiM / uparyukta saba tapasviyoM kA vRttAnta vaidika granthoM meM vizeSa prasiddha hai / etadviSayaka vizeSa vivecana 'purAtattva' nAmaka traimAsika patrikA meM prakAzita 'sUtrakRtAMgamAM AvatAM vizeSanAmoM' zIrSaka lekha meM upalabdha hai / kucha zithila zramaNa yoM kahate haiM ki sukha dvArA sukha prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai ataH sukha prApta karane ke lie kaSTa sahana karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / jo loga sukhaprApti ke lie taparUpa kaSTa uThAte haiM ve bhrama meM haiM / cUrNikAra ne yaha mata zAkyoM arthAt bauddhoM kA mAnA hai / vRttikAra ne bhI isI kA samarthana kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki loca Adi ke kaSTa se saMtapta kucha svayUthya arthAt jaina zramaNa bhI isa prakAra kahane lagate haiM : eke zAkyAdayaH svayUthyA vA locAdinA upataptAH / cUrNikAra va vRttikAra kI yaha mAnyatA ki 'sukha se sukha milatA hai' yaha mata aai kA hai, sahI hai kintu buddha ke pravacana meM bhI tapa, saMvara, ahiMsA tathA tyAga kI mahimA hai / hA~, itanA avazya hai ki usameM ghorAtighoratama tapa kA samarthana nahIM hai / visuddhimagga va dhammapada ko dekhane se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai / Age kI gAthAoM meM to inase bhI adhika bhayaMkara hetvAbhAsoM dvArA anukUla tarka lagAkara vAsanA tRptirUpa sukhakara anukUla upasarga upapanna kiye gaye haiN| navIM va dasavIM gAthA meM batAyA gayA hai ki kucha anArya pAsattha (pArzvastha athavA pAzastha ) jo ki striyoM ke vazIbhUta haiM tathA jinazAsana se parAGmukha haiM, yoM kahate haiM ki jaise phor3e ko dabAkara sApha kara dene se zAnti milatI hai vaise hI prArthanA karane vAlI strI ke sAtha saMbhoga karane meM koI doSa nahIM hai / jisa prakAra bher3a apane ghuTanoM ko pAnI meM jhukAkara pAnI ko binA gaMdA kiye dhIre-dhIre sthiratApUrvaka pItA hai usI prakAra rAgarahita citta vAlA manuSya apane citta ko dUSita kiye binA strI ke sAtha saMbhoga karatA hai / isameM koI doSa nahIM hai / vRttikAra ne isa prakAra kI mAnyatA rakhane vAloM meM nIlavastravAle bauddhavizeSoM, nAthavAdika maMDala meM praviSTa zaivavizeSoM evaM svayathika kuzIla pArzvasthoM kA samAveza kiyA hai / ina gAthAoM se spaSTa hai ki jainetara bhikSuoM kI bhA~ti kucha jaina zramaNa -- zithila caityavAsI bhI strIsaMsarga kA sevana karane lage the / isa prakAra ke logoM ko pUtanA kI upamA dete hue sUtrakAra ne kahA hai ki jaise pizAcinI pUtanA choTe bAlakoM meM Asakta rahatI hai vaise hI ye midhyAdRSTi striyoM meM Asakta rahate haiM /

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sUtrakRtAMga 189 strI parijJA : strIparijJA nAmaka caturtha adhyayana ke do uddezaka haiN| pahale uddezaka meM 31 evaM dUsare meM 22 gAthAe~ haiM / strIparijJA kA artha hai striyoM ke svabhAva kA saba taraha se jJAna / isa adhyayana meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki striyA~ zramaNa ko kisa prakAra phaMsAtI haiM aura kisa prakAra use apanA gulAma taka banA letI hai| isameM yahAM taka kahA gayA hai ki striyA~ vizvasanIya nahIM haiN| ve mana meM kucha aura hI socatI haiM, mu~ha se kucha aura hI bolatI haiM va pravRtti kucha aura hI karatI haiM / isa prakAra striyA~ ati mAyAvI haiN| zramaNa ko striyoM kA vizvAsa kabhI nahIM karanA caahie| isa viSaya meM tanika bhI asAvadhAnI rakhane para zramaNatva kA vinAza ho sakatA hai| prastuta adhyayana meM striyoM ko jo nindA kI gayI hai vaha ekAMgI hai| vAstava meM zramaNa kI bhraSTatA kA mukhya kAraNa to usakI khuda kI vAsanA hI hai / strI usa vAsanA ko uttejita karane meM nimitta kAraNa avazya bana sakatI hai / vaise sabhI striyA~ ekasI nahIM hotii| saMsAra meM aisI aneka striyA~ huI haiM jo prAtaH smaraNIya haiN| phira jaise striyoM meM doSa dikhAI dete haiM vaise hI puruSoM meM bhI doSoM kI kamI nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM kevala strI para doSAropaNa karanA ucita nhiiN| niyuktikAra ne isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki jo doSa striyoM meM hai ve hI puruSoM meM bhI haiN| ataH sAdhaka zramaNa ko pUrI taraha se sAvadhAna rahanA cAhie / patana kA mukhya kAraNa to khuda ke doSa hI haiM / strI athavA puruSa to usameM kevala nimitta hai| jaise stro ke paricaya meM Ane para puruSa meM doSa utpanta hote haiM vaise hI puruSa ke paricaya meM Ane para strI meM bhI doSa utpanna hote haiM ataH vairAgyamArga meM sthita zramaNa va zramaNI donoM ko sAvadhAnI rakhanI caahie| yadi aisA hai to phira isa adhyayana kA nAma 'strIparijJA' hI kyoM rakhA ? 'puruSaparijJA' bhI to rakhanA cAhiye thA / isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate hue cUrNikAra va vRttikAra kahate haiM ki 'purisottario dhammo' arthAt dharma puruSapradhAna hai ataH puruSa ke doSa batAnA ThIka nahIM / dharmapravartaka puruSa hote hai ataH puruSa uttama mAnA jAtA hai| isa uttamatA ko lAMchita na karane ke lie hI prastuta adhyayana kA nAma 'puruSaparijJA' na rakhate hue 'strIparijJA' rakhA gyaa| vyAvahArika dRSTi se TIkAkAroM kA yaha samAdhAna ThIka hai, pAramArthika dRSTi se nahIM / satrakAra ne prastuta adhyayana meM prasaMgavazAt gRhasthopayogo aneka vastuoM tathA bAlopayogI aneka khilaunoM ke nAma bhI ginAye haiN| narakavibhakti : - paMcama adhyayana kA nAma narakavibhakti hai| caturtha adhyayanokta strIkRta

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa upasargoM meM phaMsane vAlA narakagAmI banatA hai| narakavibhakti adhyayana ke do uddezaka haiN| prathama uddezaka meM 27 gAthAe~ haiM aura dvitIya meM 25 / inameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki naraka ke vibhAgoM meM arthAt naraka ke bhinna bhinna sthAnoM meM ko-kaise bhayaMkara kaSTa bhogane par3ate haiM evaM kaisI-kaisI asAdhAraNa yAtanAe~ sahanI par3atI haiM ? jo loga pApI haiM-hiMsaka haiM, asatyabhASI haiM, cora haiM, luTere haiM, mahAparigrahI haiM, asadAcArI haiM unheM isa prakAra ke narakavAsoM meM janma lenA par3atA hai / naraka ko ina bhayaMkara vedanAoM ko sunakara dhIra puruSa jarA bhI hiMsaka pravRtti na kareM, aparigrahI baneM evaM nirlobhavatti kA sevana kareM-yahI isa adhyayana kA uddezya hai / vaidika, bauddha va jaina ina tInoM paramparAoM meM naraka ke mahAbhayoM kA varNana hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki narakaviSayaka yaha kalpanA ati prAcIna kAla se calI A rahI hai| yogasUtra ke vyAsabhASya meM chaH mahAnarakoM kA varNana hai / bhAgavata meM aTThAIsa naraka ginAye gaye haiN| bauddha paramparA ke piTakagrantharUpa suttanipAta ke kokAliya nAmaka sutta meM narakoM kA varNana hai| yaha varNana prastuta adhyayana ke varNana se bahuta kucha milatA julatA hai| abhidharmakoza ke tRtIya kozasthAna ke prAraMbha meM ATha narakoM ke nAma diye gaye haiM / ina saba sthaloM ko dekhane se patA calatA hai ki bhAratIya paramparA kI tInoM zAkhAoM kA narakavarNana eka dUsarese kAphI milatA haA hai| itanA hI nahIM, unakI zabdAvalI bhI bahuta-kucha samAna hai| vIrastava : SaSTha adhyayana meM vIra vardhamAna kI stuti kI gaI hai isalie isa adhyayana kA nAma vIrastava rakhA gayA hai| isameM 29 gAthAe~ haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA mUla nAma to vardhamAna hai kintu unakI asAdhAraNa vIratA ke kAraNa unakI khyAti vIra athavA mahAvIra ke rUpa meM huI hai| isIlie prastuta adhyayana meM prakhyAta nAma 'mahAvIra' dvArA stuti kI gaI hai| isa adhyayana kI niyukti meM stava athavA stuti kaisI-kaisI pravRtti dvArA hotI hai usakI bAhya va Abhyantarika donoM rItiyAM batAI gaI haiN| isa adhyayana meM bhI pahale ke adhyayanoM kI bhAMti cUrNisaMmatavAcanA evaM vRttisaMmatavAcanA meM kAphI antara hai| tIsarI gAthA meM mahAvIra ko jina vizeSaNoM dvArA paricita karavAyA gayA hai ve ye haiM : kheyanna, kusala, Asupanna, aNaMtanANo, annNtdNsii| kheyanna arthAt kSetrajJa athavA khedjny| kSetrajJa kA artha hai AtmA ke svarUpa kA yathAvasthita jJAna rakhane vAlA AtmajJa athavA kSetra arthAt AkAza use jAnane vAlA arthAt lokAlokarUpa AkAza ke svarUpa kA jJAtA kSetrajJa kahalAtA hai / khedajJa kA artha hai saMsAriyoM ke kheda arthAt duHkha ko jAnane vAlA / bhagavadgItA meM kSetrakSetrajJavibhAgayoga' nAmaka

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sUtrakRtAMga 191 eka pUrA adhyAya hai / usameM 34 zlokoM dvArA kSetra evaM kSetrajJa ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM vistRta carcA kI gaI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke lie prayukta kSetrajJa' vizeSaNa kI vyAkhyA yadi gItA ke isa adhyAya ke anusAra kI jAya to adhika ucita hogii| isa vyAkhyA se hI bhagavAn kI khAsa vizeSatA kA patA laga sakatA hai / kuzala, AzuprajJa, anantajJAnI evaM anantadarzI kA artha supratIta hai / pA~cavIM gAthA meM bhagavAn ke dhRtiguNa kA varNana hai| bhagavAn dhRtimAn haiM, sthitAtmA haiM, nirAmagaMdha hai, granthAtIta haiM, nirbhaya haiN| dhRtimAn kA artha hai dhairyazAlI / kaisA bhI sukha athavA duHkha kA prasaMga upasthita hone para bhagavAn sadA ekarUpa rahate haiN| yahI unakA dharya hai| sthitAtmA kA artha hai sthira AtmAvAlA / mAnApamAna kI kaisI bhI sthiti meM bhagavAn sthiracitta-nizcala rahate haiN| nirAmagaMdha kA artha hai nirdossbhojii| bhagavAn kA bhojana sarva prakAra se nirdoSa hotA hai / granthAtIta kA artha hai parigraharahita / bhagavAn apane pAsa kisI prakAra kA parigraha nahIM rakhate, kisI prakAra kI sAdhanasAmagro para unakA adhikAra athavA mamatva nahIM hotA aura na ve kisI vastu kI AkAMkSA hI rakhate hai| nirbhaya kA artha hai niDara / bhagavAn sarvatra evaM sarvadA sarvathA nirbhaya rahate hai| Age kI gAthAoM meM anya aneka vizeSaNoM va upamAoM dvArA bhagavAn kI stuti kI gaI hai / bhagavAn bhUtiprajJa arthAt maMgalamaya prajJAvAle haiM, aniketacArI arthAt anagAra haiM, oghaMtara arthAt saMsArarUpa pravAha ko tairane vAle haiM, anantacakSu arthAt anantadarzI haiM, niraMtara dharmarUpa prakAza phailAnevAle evaM adharmarUpa aMdhakAra dUra karane vAle haiM, zakra ke sAmana dyutivAle, mahodadhi ke samAna gaMbhIrajJAnI, meru ke samAna aDiga haiN| jaise vRkSoM meM zAlmalIvRkSa, puSpoM meM aravinda kamala, vanoM meM naMdanavana, zabdoM meM meghazabda, gandhoM meM caMdanagaMdha, dAnoM meM abhayadAna, vacanoM meM nirdoSa satyavacana, tapoM meM brahmacarya zreSTha hai vaise hI nirvANavAdI tIrthaGkaroM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra zreSTha haiM / yoddhAoM meM jaise viSvaksena arthAt kRSNa evaM kSatriyoM meM jaise daMtavaktra zreSTha hai vaise hI RpiyoM meM vardhamAna mahAvIra zreSTha haiM / yahA~ cUrNikAra va vRttikAra ne daMtavakka- daMtavaktra kA jo sAmAnya artha (cakravartI) kiyA hai vaha upayukta pratIta nahIM hotaa| yaha zabda eka viziSTa kSatriya ke nAma kA sUcaka hai| jisake mukha meM janma se hI dAMta hoM usakA nAma hai daMtavaktra / isa nAma ke viSaya meM mahAbhArata meM bhI aisI hI prasiddhi hai / vRttikAra ne to viSvaksena kA bhI sAmAnya artha ( cakravartI ) kiyA hai jaba ki amarakoza Adi meM isakA kRSNa artha prasiddha hai| vardhamAna mahAvIra ne jisa paramparA kA anusaraNa kiyA usameM kyA sudhAra kiyA? isakA uttara dete hue sUtrakAra ne likhA ki unhoMne strIsahavAsa evaM rAtribhojana

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192 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa kA niSedha kiyA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrva calI Ane vAlI bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paramparA caturyAmapradhAna thii| usameM maithunaviramaNa vrata kA spaSTa zabdoM meM samAveza karane kA kArya bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kiyaa| isI prakAra unhoMne usameM rAtribhojanaviramaNa vrata kA bhI alaga se samAveza kiyA / kuzIla : sAtavAM adhyayana kuzIlaviSayaka hai| isa adhyayana meM 30 gAthAe~ haiM / kuzIla kA artha hai anupayukta athavA anucita AcAra vaalaa| jaina paramparA kI dRSTi se jinakA AcAra zuddha nahIM hai arthAt jo asaMyamI haiM unameM se kucha kA thor3A-bahuta paricaya prastuta adhyayana meM milatA hai| ina kuzIloM meM cUrNikAra ne gautama sampradAya, gobatika sampradAya, raMDadevatA sampradAya (caMDI devatA sampradAya) vAribhadraka sampradAya, agnihomavAdiyoM tathA jalazaucavAdiyoM kA samAveza kiyA hai / vRttikAra ne bhI inakI mAnyatAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| aupapAtika sUtra meM isa prakAra ke aneka kuzIloM kA nAmollekha hai| prastuta adhyayana meM sUtrakAra ne tIna prakAra ke kuzoloM kI carcA kI hai : (1) AhArasaMpajjaNa arthAt AhAra meM madhuratA utpanna karane vAle lavaNa Adi ke tyAga se mokSa mAnane vAle, (2) soodagasevaNa arthAt zItala jala ke sevana se mokSa mAnane vAle, (3) hueNa arthAt homa se mokSa mAnane vAle / inakI mAnyatAoM kA ullekha karate hue granthakAra ne vividha dRSTAntoM dvArA ina matoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai evaM yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai ki mokSa ke pratibaMdhaka kAraNoMrAga, dveSa, kAma, krodha, lobha Adi kA aMta karane para hI mokSa prApta ho sakatA hai| vIrya arthAt parAkrama : __ AThavAM adhyayana vIryaviSayaka hai| isameM vIrya arthAt parAkrama ke svarUpa kA vivecana hai| cUNi kI vAcanA ke anusAra isameM 27 gAthAe~ haiM jabaki vRttisaMmata vAcanA ke anusAra gAthAsaMkhyA 26 hI hai / caNi meM 19 vIM gAthA adhika hai / isa adhyayana meM cUNi kI vAcanA va vRtti kI vAcanA meM bahuta antara hai| niyuktikAra ne vIrya kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki vIrya zabda sAmarthya-parAkrama bala-zakti kA sUcaka hai| vIrya aneka prakAra kA hai| jar3a vastu meM vorya hotA hai evaM cetana vastu meM bhii| caMdana, kaMbala, zastra, auSadha Adi kI vividha zaktiyoM kA anubhava hama karate hI haiN| yaha jar3a vastu kA vIrya haiN| zarIrabala, iMdriyabala, manobala, utsAha, dhairya, kSamA Adi cetana vastu kI zaktiyAM haiN| sUtrakAra kahate haiM ki vIrya do prakAra kA hai : akarmavIrya arthAta paMDitavIrya ora karmavIrya arthAt bAlavIrya / saMyamaparAyaNa kA vIrya paMDitavIrya

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sUtrakRtAMga kahalAtA hai tathA asaMyamaparAyaNa kA vIrya baalviiry| 'karmavIrya' kA 'karma' zabda pramAda evaM asaMyama kA sUcaka hai tathA 'akarmavIrya kA 'akarma' zabda apramAda evaM saMyama kA nirdezaka hai| karmavIrya-bAlavIrya kA vizeSa paricaya dete hue satrakAra kahate haiM ki kucha loga prANiyoM ke vinAza ke lie astra vidyA sIkhate haiM evaM kucha loga prANiyoM kI hiMsA ke lie maMtrAdi sIkhate haiN| isI prakAra akarmavIrya-paMDitavIrya kA vivecana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki isa vIrya meM saMyama kI pradhAnatA hai| jyoM-jyoM paMDitavIrya bar3hatA jAtA hai tyoM-tyoM saMyama bar3hatA jAtA hai evaM pUrNasaMyama prApta hone para nirvANarUpa akSaya sukha milatA hai / yahI paMDitavIrya athavA akarmavIrya kA sAra hai| bAlavIrya athavA karmavIrya kA pariNAma isase viparIta hotA hai / usase duHkha bar3hatA hai-saMsAra bar3hatA hai| dharma : dharma nAmaka navama adhyayana kA vyAkhyAna karate hue niyuktikAra Adi ne 'dharma' zabda kA aneka rUpoM meM prayoga kiyA hai, yathA--kuladharma, nagaradharma, prAmadharma, rASTradharma, gaNadharma, saMghadharma, pAkhaMDadharma, zrutadharma, cAritradharma, gRhasthadharma, padArthadharma, dAnadharma Adi / athavA sAmAnyatayA dharma do prakAra kA hai : laukika dharma aura lokottara dharma / jaina paramparA athavA jaina praNAlI ke atirikta saba dharma, mArga athavA sampradAya laukika dharma meM samAviSTa haiN| jaina praNAlI kI dRSTi se pravartita samasta AcAra-vicAra lokottara dharma meM samAviSTa hote haiN| prastuta adhyayana meM lokottara dharma kA nirUpaNa hai| isameM cUNi kI vAcanA ke anusAra 37 gAthAe~ haiM jabaki vRttikI vAcanA ke anusAra gAthAoM kI saMkhyA 36 hai| gAthAoM kI vAcanA meM bhI cUNi va vRtti kI dRSTi se kAphI bheda hai| prathama gAthA ke pUrvArdha meM prazna hai ki matimAn brAhmaNoM ne kauna sA va kaisA dharma batAyA hai ? uttarArdha meM uttara hai ki jinaprabhuoM ne-arhatoM ne jisa AjavarUpa-akapaTa rUpa dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA hai use mere dvArA suno / Age batAyA gayA hai ki loga AraMbha Adi dUSitapravRttiyoM meM phaMse rahate haiM ve isa loka tathA paraloka meM duHkha se mukti nahIM pA sakate / ataH nirmamatArUpa evaM nirahaMkArarUpa Rjudharma kA AcaraNa karanA cAhie jo paramArthAnugAmI hai / zramaNadharma ke dUSaNarUpa kucha AdAna prastuta adhyayana meM isa prakAra ginAye haiM : 1. asatya vacana 2. bahiddhA arthAt parigraha evaM abrahmacarya 3. adattAdAna arthAt caurya 4. vakratA arthAt mAyA-kapaTa-parikuMcana-paliuMcaNa Jain Education Internati28

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194 jena sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 5. lobha-bhajana-bhayaNa ... 6. krodha-sthaMDila~thaMDila 7. mAna-ucchrayaNa-ussayaNa ye saba dhUrtAdAna arthAt dhUrtatA ke Ayatana haiM / inake atirikta dhAvana, raMjana, vamana, virecana, snAna, daMtaprakSAlana, hastakarma Adi dUSita pravRttiyoM kA ullekha karate hue sUtrakAra ne AhAra sambandhI va anya prakAra ke kucha dUSaNa bhI ginAye haiM / bhikSuoM ko inakA AcaraNa nahIM karanA cAhie, aisA nirgrantha mahAmuni mahAvIra ne kahA hai / bhASA kaiso bolanI cAhie, isa para bhI sUtrakAra ne prakAza DAlA hai| samAdhi : dasaveM adhyayana kA nAma samAdhi hai / isa adhyayana meM 24 gAthAe~ haiM / samAdhi kA artha hai tuSTi-saMtoSa-pramoda-Ananda / niyuktikAra ne dravyasamAdhi, kSetrasamAdhi, kAlasamAdhi evaM bhAvasamAdhi kA svarUpa batAyA hai| jina guNoM dvArA jIvana meM samAdhilAbha ho ve bhAvasamAdhi kahalAte haiN| yaha bhAvasamAdhi jJAnasamAdhi, darzanasamAdhi, cAritrasamAdhi evaM tapasamAdhi rUpa hai / prastuta adhyayana meM isa bhAvasamAdhi arthAt Atma prasannatA kI pravRtti ke sambandha meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai / saMpUrNa adhyayana meM kisI prakAra kA saMcaya ma karanA, samasta prANiyoM ke sAtha Atmavat vyavahAra karanA, saba prakAra kI pravRtti meM hAtha-paira Adi ko saMyama meM rakhanA, kisI adatta vastu ko grahaNa na karanA Adi sadAcAra ke niyamoM ke pAlana ke viSaya meM bAra-bAra kahA gayA hai / sUtrakAra ne puna:-punaH isa bAta kA samarthana kiyA hai ki striyoM meM Asakta rahane vAle evaM parigraha meM mamatva rakhane vAle zramaNa samAdhi prApta nahIM kara sakate / ataH samAdhiprApti ke lie yaha anivArya hai ki striyoM meM Asakti na rakhI jAya, maithunakriyA se dUra rahA jAya evaM parigraha meM mamatva na rakhA jAya / ekAnta kriyAvAda va ekAnta akriyAvAda ko ajJAnamUlaka batAte hue sUtrakAra ne kahA hai ki ekAnta kriyAvAda kA anusaraNa karane vAle tathA ekAnta akriyAvAda kA anusaraNa karane vAle donoM hI vAstavika dharma athavA samAdhi se bahuta dUra haiM / mArga : mArga nAmaka gyArahaveM adhyayana kA viSaya samAdhi nAmaka dasaveM adhyayama ke viSaya se milatA-julatA hai| isakI gAthA saMkhyA 38 hai| cUNisaMmata vAcanA va vRttisaMmata vAcanA meM pAThabheda hai| isa adhyayana ke vivecana ke prAraMbha meM niyuktikAra ne 'mArga' zabda kA vividha prakAra se artha kiyA hai evaM mArga ke aneka prakAra batAye haiM, yathA phalakamArga ( paTTamArga ), latAmArga, AMdolakamArga

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sUtrakRtAMga 195 ( zAkhAmArga ), vetramArga. rajjumArga, davanamArga ( vAhanamArga ), bilamArga, pAzamArga, kIlakamArga, ajamArga, pakSimArga, chatramArga, jalamArga, AkAzamArga / ye saba bAhyamArga haiM / prastuta adhyayana meM ina mArgoM ke viSaya meM kucha nahIM kahA gayA hai ki tu jisase AtmA ko samAdhi prApta ho- zAnti mile usI mArga kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / aisA mArga jJAnamArga, darzanamArga, cAritramArga evaM tapomArga kahalAtA hai / saMkSepa meM usakA nAma saMyamamArga athavA sadAcAramArga hai / isa pUre adhyayana meM AhArazuddhi, sadAcAra, saMyama, prANAtipAtaviramaNa Adi para prakAza DAlA gayA hai evaM kahA gayA hai ki prANoM kI paravAha kiye binA ina sabakA pAlana karanA caahie| dAnAdi pravRttiyoM kA bhramaNa ko na to samarthana karanA cAhie aura na niSedha; kyoMki yadi vaha kahatA hai ki isa pravRtti meM dharma hai athavA puNya hai to usameM hone vAlI hiMsA kA samarthana hotA hai jisase prANiyoM kI rakSA nahIM ho sakatI aura yadi vaha kahatA hai ki isa pravRtti meM dharma nahIM hai athavA puNya nahIM hai to jise sukha pahu~cAne ke lie vaha pravRtti kI jAtI hai use sukhaprApti meM antarAya pahu~catI hai jisase prANiyoM kA kaSTa bar3hatA hai / aisI sthiti meM zramaNa ke lie isa prakAra kI pravRttiyoM ke prati upekSAbhAva athavA mauna rakhanA hI zreSTha hai / samavasaraNa : bArahaveM adhyayana kA nAma samavasaraNa hai / isa adhyayana meM 22 gAthAe~ haiM / cUrNisaMmata vAcanA evaM vRttisaMmata vAcanA meM pAThabheda hai / devAdikRta samavasaraNa athavA samosaraNa yahAM vivakSita nahIM hai / usakA zabdArtha niyuktikAra ne sammelana athavA milana arthAt ekatra honA kiyA hai / cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ne bhI isa artha kA samarthana kiyA hai / yahI artha yahAM abhISTa hai / samavasaraNa nAmaka prastuta adhyayana meM vividha prakAra ke matapravartakoM athavA matoM kA sammelana hai / ye matapravartaka haiM -- kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI aura vinayavAdI / kriyA ko mAnanevAle kriyAvAdI kahalAte haiM / ye AtmA, karmaphala Adi ko mAnate haiM / akriyA ko mAnane vAle akriyAvAdI kahalAte haiM / ye AtmA, karmaphala Adi kA astitva nahIM mAnate / ajJAna ko mAnanevAle ajJAnavAdI kahalAte haiM / ye jJAna kI upayogitA svIkAra nahIM karate / vinaya ko mAnanevAle vinayavAdI kahalAte haiM / ye kisI bhI mata ko nindA nahIM karate apitu samasta prANiyoM kA vinayapUrvaka Adara karate haiM / vinayavAdI loga gadhe se lekara gAya taka tathA cAMDAla se lekara brAhmaNa taka saba sthalacara, jalacara aura khecara prANiyoM ko

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196 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa namaskAra karate rahate haiN| yahI unakA vinayavAda hai / prastuta adhyayana meM kevala ina cAra matoM arthAt vAdoM kA hI ullekha hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM akriyAvAdiyoM ke ATha prakAra batAe gaye haiM : ekavAdI, anekavAdI, mitavAdI, nirmitavAdI, sukhavAdI, samucchedavAdI, niyatavAdI tathA paralokAbhAvavAdI / ' samavAyAMga meM sUtrakRtAMga kA paricaya dete hue kriyAvAdI Adi matoM ke 363 bhedoM kA kevala eka saMkhyA ke rUpa meM nirdeza kara diyA gayA hai| ye bheda kauna se haiM, isake viSaya meM vahA~ kucha nahIM kahA hai / sUtrakRtAMga ko niyukti meM kriyAvAdI ke 180, akriyAvAdI ke 84, ajJAnavAdI ke 67 aura vinayavAdI ke 32-isa prakAra kula 363 bhedoM kI saMkhyA batAI gaI hai| ye bheda phisa prakAra hue hai evaM unake nAma kyA haiM, isake viSaya meM niyuktikAra ne koI prakAza nahIM DAlA hai / cUrNikAra evaM vRttikAra ne ina bhedoM kI nAmapUrvaka gaNanA kI hai| prastuta adhyayana ke prAraMbha meM kriyAvAda Adi se sambandhita cAra vAdiyoM kA nAmollekha hai / yahA~ para batAyA gayA hai ki samavasaraNa cAra hI haiM, adhika nhiiN| dvitIya gAthA meM ajJAnavAda kA nirasana hai / satrakAra kahate haiM ki ajJAnavAdI vaise to kuzala haiM kintu dharmopAya ke lie akuzala haiN| unameM vicAra karane kI pravRtti kA abhAva hai| ajJAnavAda kyA hai arthAt ajJAnavAdiyoM kI mAnyatA kA svarUpa kyA hai, isakA spaSTa evaM pUrNa nirUpaNa na to sUtrakAra ne kiyA hai, na kisI TIkAkAra ne / jaise sUtrakAra ne nirasana ko pradhAnatA dI hai vaise hI TIkAkAroM ne bhI vaha zailI apanAI hai| pariNAmataH bauddhoM taka ko ajJAnavAdiyoM kI koTi meM ginA jAne lgaa| tIsarI gAthA meM vinayavAdiyoM kA nirasana hai| cauthI gApA kA pUrvArdha vinayavAda se sambandhita hai evaM uttarArdha akriyAvAda viSayaka hai / pAMcavIM gAthA meM akriyAvAdiyoM para AkSepa kiyA gayA hai ki ye loga hamAre dvArA prastuta tarka kA koI spaSTa uttara nahIM de sakate, mizrabhASA dvArA chuTakArA pAne kI koziza karate haiM, unmatta kI bhAMti bolate haiM athavA gUMge kI taraha sApha javAba nahIM de sakate / chaThI gAthA meM isa prakAra ke akriyAvAdiyoM ko saMsAra meM bhramaNa karane vAlA batAyA gayA hai| sAtavI gAthA meM akriyAvAda kI mAnyatA isa prakAra batAI hai : sUrya udita nahIM hotA, sUrya asta bhI nahIM hotA; candramA bar3hatA nahIM, candramA kama bhI nahIM hotA; nadiyA~ parvatoM se nikalatI nahIM; vAyu bahatA nahIM / isa taraha yaha sampUrNa loka niyata hai vaMdhya hai, niSkriya hai| gyArahavIM gAthA meM kahA gayA hai ki yahA~ jo cAra samavasaraNa arthAt vAda batAye gaye haiM unakA tathAgata 1 vizepa paricaya ke lie dekhiye-sthAnAMga-samavAyAMga (paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA kRta gujarAtI rUpAntara); pR. 448

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sUtrakRtAMga 197 puruSoM arthAt tIrthaMkaroM ne loka kA yathArtha svarUpa samajha kara hI pratipAdana kiyA hai evaM anya vAdoM kA nirasana karate hue kriyAvAda ko pratiSThA kI hai| unhoMne batAyA hai ki jo kucha duHkha-karma hai vaha anyakRta nahIM apitu svakRta hai evaM 'vijjA' arthAt jJAna tathA 'caraNa' arthAt cAritrarUpa kriyA ina donoM dvArA mokSa prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa gAthA meM kevala jJAna dvArA athavA kevala kriyA dvArA mukti mAnane vAloM kA nirasana hai| Age kI gAthAoM meM saMsAra evaM tadgata Asakti kA svarUpa, karmanAza kA upAya, rAgadveSarahitatA, jJAnI puruSoM kA netRtva, buddhatva, aMta karatva, sarvatra samabhAva, madhyasthavRtti, dharmaprarUpaNA, kriyAvAdaprarUpakatva Adi para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / yAthAtathya: terahaveM adhyayana kA nAma Ahattahiya-yAthAtathya hai| isameM 23 gAthAe~ haiN| yAthAtathya kA artha hai yathArtha-vAstavika-paramArtha-jaisA hai vaisA / isa adhyayana kI prathama gAthA meM hI Ahattahiya-Adhattadhijja-yAthAtathya zabda kA prayoga huA hai| adhyayana ke nAma se to aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki isameM kisI vyApaka vastu kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai kintu bAta aisI nahIM hai| isameM ziSya ke guNa-doSoM kI vAstavika sthiti para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / ziSya kaise vinayI hote haiM va kaise avinayI hote haiM, kaise abhimAnI hote haiM, va kaise sarala hote haiM, kaise krodhI hote haiM va kaise zAnta hote haiM, kaise kapaTI hote haiM vAkaise sarala hote haiM, kaise lobhI hote haiM va kaise niHspRha rahate haiM-yaha saba prastuta adhyayana meM varNita hai / grantha arthAt parigraha : caudahaveM adhyayana kA nAma graMtha hai| niyukti Adi ke anusAra grantha kA sAmAnya athaM parigraha hotA hai / atha do prakAra kA hai : bAhyagrantha aura Abhyantaragrantha / bAhya grantha ke mukhya dasa prakAra haiM : 1. kSetra, 2. vAstu, 3. dhana-dhAnya, 4. jJAtijana va mitra, 5. vAhana, 6. zayana, 7. Asana, 8. dAsI, 9. dAsa, 10 vividha sAmagrI / ina dasa prakAra ke bAhya granthoM meM mUrchA rakhanA hI vAstavika grantha hai / Abhyantara prantha ke mukhya caudaha prakAra haiM : 1. krodha, 2. mAna, 3. mAyA, 4. lobha, 5. sneha, 6. dveSa, 7. mithyAtva, 8. kAmAcAra, 9. saMyama meM aruci, 10. asaMyama meM ruci, 11. vikAro hAsya, 12. zoka, 13. bhaya, 14. ghRNA / jo donoM prakAra ke prantha se rahita haiM arthAt jinheM donoM prakAra ke grantha meM ruci nahIM hai tathA jo saMyamamArga kI prarUpaNA karane vAle AcArAga Adi granthoM kA adhyayana karane vAle hai ve zaikSa athavA ziSya kahalAte hai| ziSya do prakAra ke hote haiM : dokSAziSya aura zikSAziSya / dokSA dekara

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198 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa banAyA huA ziSya dIkSAziSya kahalAtA hai / isI prakAra zikSA dekara arthAt sUtrAdi sikhAkara banAyA huA ziSya zikSAziSya kahalAtA hai / AcArya arthAt guru ke bhI ziSya ko hI taraha do bheda haiM : dIkSA dene vAlA guru-dIkSA guru aura zikSA dene vAlA guru-zikSAguru / prastuta adhyayana meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki isa prakAra ke guru aura ziSya kaise hone cAhie, unheM kaisI pravRtti karanI cAhie, unake kartavya kyA hone cAhie ? isameM 27 gAthAeM haiM / adhyayana kI prArambhika gAthA meM ho 'grantha' zabda kA prayoga hai| bIsavIM gAthA meM 'Na yA'siyAvAya viyAgarejjA' aisA ullekha hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki bhikSu ko kisI ko AzIrvAda nahIM denA caahie| yahAM 'AziSa' zabda kA prAkRta rUpa 'AsiyA' athavA 'AsiA' huA hai, jaise 'sarit' zabda kA prAkRtarUpa 'sariyA' athavA 'sariA' hotA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne isake lie spaSTa niyama banAyA hai jo striyAm At avidyutaH' ( 8.1.15 ) sUtra se prakaTa hotA hai| aisA hote hue bhI kucha vidvAn isakA artha yoM karate haiM ki bhikSu ko asyAdvAdayukta vacana kA prayoga nahIM karanA cAhie / yaha Thoka nahIM / prastuta gAthA meM syAdvAda athavA asyAdvAda kA koI ullekha nahIM hai aura na vahAM isa prakAra kA koI prasaMga hI hai / vRttikAra ne bhI isakA artha AzIrvAda ke niSedha ke rUpa meM hI kiyA hai / AdAna athavAAdAnAya : paMdrahaveM adhyayana ke tIna nAma haiM : AdAna athavA AdAnIya, saMkalikA athavA zRMkhalA aura jamatIta athavA yamakIya / niyuktikAra kA kathana hai ki isa adhyayana kI gAthAoM meM jo pada pahalI gAthA ke aMta meM AtA hai vahI dUsarI gAthA ke Adi meM AtA hai arthAt jisa pada kA AdAna prathama padya ke anta meM hai usI kA AdAna dvitIya padya ke prAraMbha meM hai ataeva isakA nAma AdAna athavA AdAnIya hai| vRttikAra kahate haiM ki kucha loga isa adhyayana ko saMkalikA nAma se pukArate haiN| isake prathama padya kA antima vacana evaM dvitIya padya kA Adi vacana zRMkhalA kI bhAMti jur3e hue haiM arthAt una donoM kI kar3iyAM eka samAna haiM ataeva isakA nAma saMkalikA athavA zRMkhalA hai| adhyayana kA Adi zabda jamatIta-jaM atItaM hai ataH isakA nAma jamatIta hai / athavA isa adhyayana meM yamaka alaMkAra kA prayoga huA hai ataH isakA nAma yamakIya hai jisakA ArSaprAkRtarUpa jamaIya hai| niyuktikAra ne isakA nAma AdAna athavA AdAnIya batAyA hai / dUsare do nAma vRttikAra ne batAye haiM / isa adhyayana meM viveka kI durlabhatA, saMyama ke supariNAma, bhagavAna mahAvIra athavA vItarAga puruSa kA svabhAva, saMyamI manuSya kI jIvanapaddhati Adi kA

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sUtrakRtAMga nirUpaNa hai| isameM vizeSa nAma arthAt vyaktivAcaka nAma ke rUpa meM tIna bAra 'mahAvIra' zabda kA tathA eka bAra 'kAzyapa' zabda kA ullekha hai| yaha 'kAzyapa' zabda bhI bhagavAn mahAkIra kA hI sUcaka hai| isameM 25 gAthAe~ haiN| anya adhyayanoM kI bhAMti isameM bhI cUNisaMmata evaM vRtti saMmata vAcanA meM bheda hai| gAthA: solahaveM adhyayana kA nAma gAhA---gAthA hai| yaha prathama zrutaskandha kA antima adhyayana hai / gAthA kA artha batAte hue niyuktikAra kahate haiM ki jisakA madhuratA se gAna kiyA jA sake vaha gAthA hai / athavA jisameM bahuta arthasamudAya ekatra kara samAviSTa kiyA gayA ho vaha gAthA hai / athavA pUrvokta paMdraha adhyayanoM ko piNDarUpa kara prastuta adhyayana meM samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai isalie bhI isakA nAma gAthA hai| niyuktikAra ne Upara sAmudra chaMda kA jo nAma diyA hai usakA lakSaNa chaMdonuzAsana ke chaThe adhyAya meM isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai : oje sapta same nava sAmudrakam / yaha lakSaNa prastuta adhyayana para lAgU nahIM hotA ataH isa viSaya meM vizeSa zodha kI AvazyakatA hai| vRttikAra ne isa chaMda ke viSaya meM itanA hI likhA hai ki 'taccedaM chandaH-anibaddhaM ca yat loke gAthA iti tatpaNDitaH proktam' arthAt jo ani baddha hai-chaMdobaddha nahIM hai use saMsAra meM paMDitoM ne 'gAthA' nAma diyA hai / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha adhyayana kisI prakAra ke padya meM nahIM hai phira bhI gAyA jA sakatA hai ataeva isakA nAma gAthA rakhA gayA hai| brAhmaNa, zramaNa, bhikSu va nigrantha : ___ isa adhyayana meM batAyA gayA hai ki jo samasta pApakarma se virata hai, rAgadveSa-kalaha-abhyAkhyAna paizunya-paranindA-arati rati-mAyAmRSAvAda-mithyAdarzanazalya se rahita hai, samitiyukta hai, jJAnAdiguNa sahita hai, sarvadA prayatnazIla hai, krodha nahIM karatA, ahaMkAra nahIM rakhatA vaha brAhmaNa hai| isI prakAra jo anAsakta hai, nidAna rahita hai, kaSAyamukta hai, hiMsA-asatya-bahiddhA ( abrahmacarya-parigraha ) rahita hai vaha zramaNa hai / jo abhimAnarahita hai, vinayasampanna hai, parigraha evaM upasargoM para vijaya prApta karane vAlA hai, AdhyAtmika vRttiyukta hai, paradattabhojI hai vaha bhikSu hai / jo graMtharahita hai-parigrahAdirahita ekAkI hai, ekavidu hai- kevala AtmA kA hI jAnakAra hai; pUjA-satkAra kA arthI nahIM hai vaha nigrantha hai| isa prakAra prastuta adhyayana meM brAhmaNa, zramaNa, bhikSa evaM nigrantha kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai / yahI samasta adhyayanoM kA sAra hai /

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200 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sAta mahAadhyayana : dvitIya zrutaskandha ke sAta adhyayana haiN| niyuktikAra ne ina sAta adhyayanoM ko mahAadhyayana kahA hai| vRttikAra ne inheM mahAadhyayana kahane kA kAraNa batAte hue likhA hai ki prathama zrutaskandha meM jo bAteM saMkSepa meM kahI gaI haiM ve hI ina adhyayanoM meM vistAra se batAI gaI hai ataeva inheM mahAadhyayana kahA gayA hai / ina sAta adhyayanoM ke nAma ye haiM : 1. puNDarIka, 2. kriyAsthAna, 3 AhAraparijJA, 4. pratyAkhyAnakriyA, 5 AcArazruta athavA anagArazruta, 6 ArdrakIya, 7. nAlaMdIya / inameM se AcArazruta va AdraMkIya ye do adhyayana padyarUpa haiM, zeSa pA~ca gadyarUpa / kevala AhAraparijJA meM cAreka padya Ate haiM, bAkI kA sArA adhyayana gadyarUpa hai| puNDarIka : jisa prakAra prayama zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyayana meM bhatavAdI, tajjIvataccharora. bAdI; AtmaSaSThavAdI, IzvaravAdI, niyativAdo AdivAdiyoM ke matoM kA ullekha hai usI prakAra dvitIya zrutaskandha ke puNDarIka nAmaka prathama adhyayana meM ina vAdiyoM meM se kucha vAdiyoM ke matoM kI carcA hai| puNDarIka kA artha hai sau paMkhur3iyoM vAlA uttama zveta kamala / prastuta adhyayana meM puNDarAka ke rUpaka kI kalpanA kI gaI hai evaM usa rUpaka kA bhAvArtha samajhAyA gayA hai| rUpaka isa prakAra hai : eka vizAla puSkariNI hai / usameM cAroM ora sundara-sundara kamala khile hue haiN| usake ThIka madhya meM eka puNDarIka khilA huA hai / vahA~ pUrva dizA se eka puruSa AyA aura usane isa puNDarIka ko dekhA / dekhakara vaha kahane lagA-maiM kSetrajJa ( athavA khedajJa ) hU~, kuzala hU~, paMDita hU~, vyakta hU~, medhAvI hU~, abAla hU~, mArgastha hU~, mArgavid hU~ evaM mArga para pahu~cane ke gatiparAkrama kA bhI jJAtA huuN| maiM isa uttama kamala ko tor3a sakUgA / yoM kahate-kahate vaha puSkariNI meM utarA evaM jyoM-jyoM Age bar3hane lagA tyoM-tyoM gaharA pAnI evaM bhArI kIcar3a Ane lagA / pariNAmataH vaha kinAre se dUra kIcar3a meM pha~sa gayA aura na isa ora vApasa A sakA, na usa ora jA skaa| isI prakAra pazcima, uttara va dakSiNa se Aye hue tIna aura puruSa usa kIcar3a meM pha~se / itane meM eka saMyamI ni:spRha evaM kuzala bhikSu vahA~ A pahu~cA / usane una cAroM puruSoM ko puSkariNI meM phasA huA dekhA aura socA ki ye loga akuzala, apaMDita evaM amedhAvI mAlUma hote haiM / isa prakAra kahIM kamala prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai ? maiM isa kamala ko prApta kUgA |yoN soca kara vaha pAnI meM na utarate hue kinAre para khar3A raha kara

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sUtrakRtAMga 201 hI kahane lagA-he uttama kamala ! mere pAsa ur3a A, mere pAsa ur3a A / yoM kahate ho vaha kamala vahA~ se uThakara bhikSu ke pAsa A gyaa| ____ isa rUpaka kA paramArtha-sAra batAte hue sUtrakAra kahate haiM ki yaha saMsAra puSkariNI ke samAna hai| isameM karmarUpa pAnI evaM kAmabhogarUpa kIcar3a bharA huA hai / aneka janapada cAroM ora phaile hA kamala ke samAna haiN| madhya meM rahA huA puNDarIka rAjA ke samAna hai / puSkariNI meM praviSTa hone vAle cAroM puruSa anya tIthikoM ke samAna hai| kuzala bhikSu dharmarUpa hai, kinArA dharmatIrtharUpa hai, bhikSu dvArA uccArita zabda dharmakathArUpa hai evaM puNDarIka kamala kA ur3anA nirvANa ke samAna hai| upayukta cAra puruSoM meM se prathama puruSa tajjIvataccharIravAdI hai| usake mata se zarIra aura jIva eka haiM-abhinna haiN| yaha anAtmavAda hai / isakA dUsarA nAma nAstikavAda bhI hai| prastuta adhyayana meM isa vAda kA varNana hai / yaha varNana dIghanikAya ke sAmaJjaphalasutta meM Ane vAle bhagavAn buddha ke samakAlIna ajitakezakaMbala ke ucchedavAda ke varNana se hUbahU milatA hai / itanA hI nahIM, inake zabdoM meM bhI samAnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai / dUsarA puruSa paMcabhUtavAdI hai| usake mata se pAMca bhUta hI yathArtha haiM jinase jIva kI utpatti hotI hai| tajIvataccharIravAda evaM paMcabhUtavAda meM antara yaha hai ki prathama ke mata se zarIra aura jIva eka hI hai arthAt donoM meM koI bheda hI nahIM hai jabaki dUsare ke mata se jIva kI utpatti pA~ca mahAbhUtoM ke sammizraNa se zarIra ke banane para hotI hai evaM zarIra ke naSTa hone ke sAtha jIva kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai| paMcabhUtavAdI kI carcA meM AtmaSaSThavAdo ke mata kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai / jo pA~ca bhUtoM ke atirikta chaThe Atmatattva kI bhI sattA svIkAra karatA hai vaha AtmaSaSThavAdI hai| vRttikAra ne isa vAdI ko sAMkhya kA nAma diyA hai| tRtIya puruSa IzvarakAraNavAdI hai| usake mata se yaha loka IzvarakRta hai arthAta saMsAra kA kAraNa Izvara hai| ___ caturtha puruSa niyativAdI hai| niyativAda kA svarUpa prathama zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyayana ke dvitIya uddezaka kI prathama tIna gAthAoM meM batAyA gayA hai| usake anusAra jagat kI sArI kriyAeM niyata haiM-aparivartanIya hai| jo kriyA jisa rUpa meM niyata hai vaha usI rUpa meM pUrI hogI / usameM koI kisI prakAra kA parivartana nahIM kara sktaa| anta meM Ane vAlA bhikSu ina cAroM puruSoM se bhinna prakAra kA hai / vaha saMsAra ko asAra samajha kara bhikSu banA hai evaM dharma kA vAstavika svarUpa samajha kara

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202 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa tyAgadharma kA upadeza detA hai jisase nirvANa ko prApti hotI hai| yaha dharma jinapragota hai, vItarAgakathita hai / jo anAsakta haiM, ni:ssaha hai, ahiMsAdi ko jIvana meM mUrtarUpa dene vAle haiM ve nirvAga prApta kara sakate haiN| isase viparota AcaraNa vAle mokSa prApta nahIM kara sakate / yahI prathama adhyayana kA sAra hai / isa adhyayana ke kucha vAkya evaM zabda AcArAMga ke vAkyoM evaM zabdoM se milate-julate haiN| kriyAsthAna : __ kiyAsthAna nAmaka dvitIya adhyayana meM vividha kriyAsthAnoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai / kriyAsyAna kA artha hai pravRtti kA nimitta / vividha prakAra kI pravRttiyoM ke vividha kAraNa hote haiN| inhIM kAraNoM ko pravRttinimitta athavA kriyAsthAna kahate haiM ina kriyAsthAnoM ke viSaya meM prastuta adhyayana meM paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| kriyAsthAna pradhAnatayA do prakAra ke haiM : dharmakriyAsthAna aura adharmakriyAsthAna / adharmakriyAsthAna ke bAraha prakAra haiM : - 1. arthadaNDa, 2. anarthadaNDa, 3. hiMsAdaNDa, 4. akasmAtdaNDa, 5. dRSTiviparyAsadaNDa, 6. mRSApratyayadaNDa, 7. adattAdAnapra yadaNDa, 8. adhyAtmapratyayadaNDa, 9. mAnapratyayadaNDa, 10. mitradoSapratyayadaNDa, 11. mAyApratyayadaNDa, 12. lobhapratyayadaNDa / dharmakriyAsthAna meM dharma hetuka pravRtti kA samAveza hotA hai| isa prakAra 12 adharmakriyAsthAna evaM 1 dharmakriyAsthAna ina 13 kriyAsthAnoM kA nirUpaNa prastuta adhyayana kA viSaya hai / 1. hiMsA Adi dUSaNayukta jo pravRtti kisI prayojana ke lie kI jAtI hai vaha arthadaNDa hai / isameM apanI jAti, kuTumba, mitra Adi ke lie kI jAne vAlI asa athavA sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA kA samAveza hotA hai / 2. binA kisI prayojana ke kevala Adata ke kAraNa athavA manoraMjana ke hetu kI jAnevAlI hiMsAdi dUSaNayukta pravRtti anarthadaNDa hai| 3. amuka prANiyoM ne mujhe athavA mere kisI sambandhI ko mArA thA, mArA hai athavA mArane vAlA hai-aisA samajha kara jo manuSya unheM mArane kI pravRtti karatA hai vaha hiMsAdaNDa kA bhAgI hotA hai / 4. mRgAdi ko mArane kI bhAvanA se bANa Adi chor3ane para akasmAt kiso anya pakSI Adi kA vadha hone kA nAma akasmAtdaNDa hai| 5. dRSTi meM viparItatA hone para mitra Adi ko amitra Adi kI buddhi se mAra dene kA nAma dRSTiviparyAsadaNDa hai| 6. apane lie, apane kuTumba ke lie athavA anya kisI ke lie jhUTha

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sUtrakRtAMga 203 bolanA, jhUTha bulavAnA aura jhUTha bolane vAle kA samarthana karanA mRSApratyayadaNDa hai| 7. isI prakAra corI karanA, karavAnA athavA karane vAle kA samarthana karanA adattAdAnapratyayadaNDa hai| 8. hamezA cintA meM DUbe rahanA, udAsa rahanA, bhayabhIta rahanA, saMkalpavikalpa meM magna rahanA adhyAtmapratyayadaNDa hai| isa prakAra ke manuSya ke mana meM krodhAdi kaSAyoM kI pravRtti calatI hI rahatI hai| 9. jAtimada, kulamada, balamada, rUpamada, jJAnamada, lAbhamada, aizvaryamada, prazAmada Adi ke kAraNa dUsaroM ko hIna samajhanA mAnapratyayadaNDa hai / 10. apane sAtha rahane vAloM meM se kisI kA jarA-sA bhI aparAdha hone para use bhArI daNDa denA mitradoSapratyayadaNDa hai / isa prakAra kA daNDa dene vAlA mahApApa kA bhAgI hotA hai / 11. kapaTapUrvaka anarthakArI pravRtti karane vAle mAyApratyayadaNDa ke bhAgI hote haiN| 12. lobha ke kAraNa hiMsaka pravRtti meM pha~sane vAle lobhapratyayadaNDa kA upArjana karate haiM / aise loga isa loka va paraloka donoM meM duHkhI hote haiN| 13. terahavA~ kriyAsthAna dharmahetukapravRtti kA hai / jo isa prakAra kI pravRtti dhIre-dhIre bar3hAte haiM ve yatanApUrvaka samasta pravRtti karane vAle, jitendriya, aparigrahI paMcasamiti evaM triguptiyukta hote haiM evaM antatogatvA nirvANa prApta karate haiM / isa prakAra nirvANa ke icchukoM ke lie yaha terahavA~ kriyAsthAna AcaraNIya hai / zurU ke bAraha kriyAsthAna hiMsApUrNa haiM / inase sAdhaka ko dUra rahanA cAhie / bauddha dRSTi se hiMsA : bauddha paramparA meM hiMsaka pravRtti kI paribhASA bhinna prakAra kI hai| ve aisA mAnate haiM ki nimnokta pA~ca avasthAoM kI upasthiti meM hI hiMsA huI kahI jA sakatI hai, evaM isI prakAra kI hiMsA karmabandhana kA kAraNa hotI hai : 1. mArA jAne vAlA prANI honA cAhie / 2. mArane vAle ko 'yaha prANI hai' aisA spaSTa bhAna honA caahie| 3. mArane vAlA yaha samajhatA huA honA cAhie ki 'maiM ise mAra rahA huuN| 4. sAtha hI zArIrika kriyA honI cAhie / 5. zArIrika kriyA ke sAtha prANI kA vadha bhI honA cAhie / ina zartoM ko dekhate hue bauddha paramparA meM akasmAtdaNDa, anarthadaNDa vagairaha hiMsArUpa nahIM gine jA sakate / jaina paribhASA ke anusAra rAga-dveSajanya pratyeka

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204 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa prakAra kI pravRtti hiMsArUpa hotI hai jo vRtti arthAt bhAvanA ko tIvratA-maMdatA ke anusAra karmabaMdha kA kAraNa banatI hai / - prasaMgavazAt sUtrakAra ne aSTAMganimittoM evaM aMgavidyA Adi vividha vidyAoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| dIghanikAya ke sAmaJaphalasutta meM bhI aMgavidyA, utpAtavidyA, svapnavidyA Adi ke lakSaNoM kA isI prakAra ullekha hai| AhAraparijJA : AhAraparijJA nAmaka tRtIya adhyayana meM samasta sthAvara evaM trasa prANiyoM ke janma tathA AhAra ke sambandha meM vistRta vivecana hai| isa adhyayana kA prAraMbha bIjakAyoM-agrabIja, mUlabIja, parvabIja evaM skandhabIja-ke AhAra kI carcA se hotA hai| pRthvI, jala, vAyu, agni aura vanaspati sthAvara haiM / pazu, pakSI, kITa, pataMga trasa haiM / manuSya bhI trasa hai / manuSya kI utpatti kaise hotI hai, isakA nirUpaNa bhI prastuta adhyayana meM hai / manuSya ke AhAra ke viSaya meM isa adhyayana meM yoM batAyA gayA hai : oyaNaM kummAsaM tasathAvare ya pANe arthAt manuSya kA AhAra odana, kulmASa evaM trasa va sthAvara prANI haiN| isa sampUrNa adhyayana meM sUtrakAra ne deva athavA nAraka ke AhAra kI koI carcA nahIM kI hai| niyukti evaM vatti meM etadviSayaka carcA hai| unameM AhAra ke tIna prakAra batAye gaye haiM : ojaAhAra romaAhAra aura prakSepaAhAra / jahA~ taka dRzya zarIra utpanna na ho vahA~ taka taijasa evaM kArmaNa zarIra dvArA jo AhAra grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha ojahAra hai| anya AcAryoM ke mata se jaba taka indriyA~ zvAsocchavAsa, mana Adi kA nirmANa na huA ho taba taka kevala zarIrapiNDa dvArA jo AhAra grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha ojaAhAra kahalAtA hai| romakUpa dvArA camar3I dvArA gRhIta AhAra kA nAma romAhAra hai / kavala dvArA hone vAlA AhAra prakSepAhAra hai / devoM va nArakoM kA AhAra romAhAra athavA lomAhAra kahalAtA hai| yaha nirantara cAlU rahatA hai / isa viSaya meM anya AcAryoM kA mata yaha hai-jo sthUla padArtha jihvA dvArA isa zarIra meM pahu~cAyA jAtA hai vaha prakSepAhAra hai / jo nAka, A~kha, kAna dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai evaM dhAturUpa se pariNata hotA hai vaha ojaAhAra hai tathA jo kevala camar3I dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha romAhAra-lomAhAra hai| bauddha paramparA meM AhAra kA eka prakAra kavalIkAra AhAra mAnA gayA hai jo gandha, rasa evaM sparzarUpa hai| isake atirikta sparzaAhAra, manassaMcetanA evaM vijJAnarUpa tIna prakAra ke AhAra aura mAne gaye haiM / kavalI kAra AhAra do prakAra kA hai / audArika-sthUla AhAra aura sUkSma AhAra / janmAntara prApta karate

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sUtrakRtAMga 205 samaya gati meM rahe hue jIvoM kA AhAra sUkSma hotA hai / sUkSma prANiyoM kA AhAra bhI sUkSma hI hotA hai / kAmAdi tIna dhAtuoM meM sparza, manassaMcetanA evaM vijJAnarUpa AhAra hai|' AhAraparijJA nAmaka prastuta adhyayana meM yaha spaSTa batAyA gayA hai ki jIva kI hiMsA kiye binA AhAra kI prApti azakya hai| samasta prANiyoM kI utpatti evaM AhAra ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue yaha bAta AsAnI se phalita kI jA sakatI hai / isa adhyayana ke anta meM saMyamapUrvaka AhAra prApta karane ke prayAsa para bhAra diyA gayA hai jisase jIvahiMsA kama se kama hA / pratyAkhyAna : caturtha adhyayana kA nAma pratyAkhyAnakriyA hai| pratyAkhyAna kA artha hai ahiMsAdi mUlaguNoM evaM sAmAyikAdi utta raguNoM ke AcaraNa meM bAdhaka siddha hone vAlI pravRttiyoM kA yathAzakti tyAga / prastuta adhyayana meM isa prakAra kI pratyAkhyAnakriyA ke sambandha meM nirUpaNa hai| yaha pratyAkhyAnakriyA niravadyAnuSThAnarUpa hone ke kAraNa Atmazuddhi ke lie sAdhaka hai| isase viparIta apratyakhyAnakriyA sAvadyAnuSThAnarUpa hone ke kAraNa Atmazuddhi ke lie bAdhaka hai| pratyAkhyAna na karane vAle ko bhagavAn ne asaMyata, avirata, pApakriyA asaMvRta bAla evaM supta kahA hai| aisA puruSa vivekahIna hone ke kAraNa satata karmabandha karatA rahatA hai / yadyapi isa adhyayana kA prArambha bhI pichale adhyayanoM kI hI bhAMti 'he AyuSman ! maiMne sunA hai ki bhagavAn ne yoM kahA hai' isase hotA hai tathApi yaha adhyayana saMvAdarUpa hai / isameM eka pUrvapakSI athavA preraka ziSya hai aura dUsarA uttarapakSI athavA samAdhAnakartA AcArya hai| isa adhyayana kA sAra yaha hai ki jo AtmA SaTakAya ke jIvoM ke vadha ke tyAga kI vRttivAlI nahIM hai tathA jisane una jIvoM ko kisI bhI samaya mAra dene kI chUTa le rakhI hai vaha AtmA ina chahoM prakAra ke jIvoM ke sAtha anivAryatayA mitravat vyavahAra karane kI vRtti se badhA huA nahIM hai| vaha jaba cAhe, jisa kisI kA vadha kara sakatA hai| usake lie pApakarma ke bandhana kI nirantara saMbhAvanA rahatI hai aura kisI sImA taka vaha nitya pApakarma bAMdhatA bhI rahatA hai kyoMki pratyAkhyAna ke abhAva meM usakI bhAvanA sadA sAvadhAnuSThAnarUpa rahatI hai| isa bAta ko spaSTa karane ke lie sUtrakAra ne eka sundara udAharaNa diyA hai / eka vyakti vadhaka hai-vadha karane vAlA hai| usane yaha socA ki amuka gRhastha, gRhasthaputra, rAjA athavA rAjapuruSa kI hatyA karanI hai / abhI thor3I dera so jAUM aura phira usake ghara meM ghusa kara maukA pAte hI usakA kAma 1. dekhiye-abhidharmakoza, tRtIya kozasthAna, zlo0 38-44. .

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206 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa tamAma kara dUMgA / aisA socane vAlA soyA huA ho athavA jagatA huA, calatA huA ho athavA baiThA huA, nirantara usake mana meM hatyA kI bhAvanA banI hI rahatI hai / vaha kisI bhI samaya apanI hatyA kI bhAvanA ko kriyArUpa meM pariNata kara sakatA hai / apanI isa duSTa manovRtti ke kAraNa vaha pratikSaNa karmabandha karatA rahatA hai| isI prakAra jo jIva sarvathA saMyamahIna hai, pratyAkhyAna rahita haiM ve samasta SaDjIvanikAya ke prati hiMsaka bhAvanA rakhane ke kAraNa nirantara karmabandha karate rahate haiM / ataeva saMyamI ke lie sAvadhayoga kA pratyAkhyAna Avazyaka hai| jitane aMza meM sAvadyavRtti kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai utane hI aMza meM pApakarma kA bandhana rukatA hai / yahI pratyAkhyAna kI upayogitA hai| asaMyata evaM avirata ke lie amaryAdita manovRtti ke kAraNa pApa ke samasta dvAra khule rahate haiM ataH usake lie sarvaprakAra ke pApabaMdhana kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| isa saMbhAvanA ko alpa athavA maryAdita karane ke lie pratyAkhyAnarUpa kriyA kI AvazyakatA hai / prastuta adhyayana kI vRtti meM vRttikAra ne nAgArjunIya vAcanA kA pAThAntara diyA hai / yaha pAThAntara mAdhurI vAcanA ke mUla pATha kI apekSA adhika vizada evaM subodha hai| AcArazruta : pA~caveM adhyayana ke do nAma hai : AcArazruta va anagArazruta / niyuktikAra ne ina donoM nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha sampUrNa adhyayana padyamaya hai / isameM 33 gAthAeM hai| niyuktikAra ke kathanAnusAra isa adhyayana kA sAra 'anAcAroM kA tyAga karanA' hai| jaba taka sAdhaka ko AcAra kA pUrA jJAna nahIM hotA taba taka vaha usakA samdhaktayA pAlana nahIM kara sktaa| abahuzruta sAdhaka ko AcAra-anAcAra ke bheda kA patA kaise laga sakatA hai ? isa prakAra ke mumukSu dvArA AcAra kI virAdhanA hone ko bahuta saMbhAvanA rahato hai / ataH AcAra kI samyagArAdhanA ke lie sAdhaka ko bahuzruta honA Avazyaka hai / prastuta adhyayana kI prathama gyAraha gAthAoM meM apuka prakAra ke ekAntavAda ko anAcaraNIya batAte hue usakA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| Age loka nahIM hai, aloka nahIM hai, jIva nahIM haiM, ajIva nahIM haiM, dharma nahIM hai, adharma nahIM hai, baMdha nahIM hai, mokSa nahIM hai, puNya nahIM hai, pApa nahIM hai, Asrava nahIM hai, rsavara nahIM hai, vedanA nahIM hai, nirjarA nahIM hai, kriyA nahIM hai, akriyA nahIM hai, krodha-mAna-mAyAlobha rAga-dveSa-saMsAra-deva-devI-siddhi-Asaddhi nahIM hai, sAdhu-asAdhu-kalyANaakalyANa nahIM hai-ityAdi mAnyatAoM ko anAcaraNoya batAte hue lokAdi ke astitva para zraddhA rakhane evaM tadanurUpa AcaraNa karane ke lie kahA gayA hai|

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207 sUtrakRtAMga antima kucha gAthAoM meM anagAra ko amuka prakAra kI bhASA na bolane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / ArdrakumAra " ArdrakIya nAmaka chaThA adhyayana bhI pUrA padyamaya hai / isameM kula 55 gAthAeM haiM / adhyayana ke prArambha meM hI 'purAkaDaM adda ! imaM suNeha' arthAt 'he Ardra isa pUrvakRta ko suna' isa prakAra Ardra ko saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai / isase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki isa adhyayana meM carcita vAda-vivAda kA sambandha 'Ardra' ke sAtha hai| niyuktikAra ne isa Ardra ko ArdranAmaka nagara kA rAjakumAra batAyA hai / yaha rAjA zreNika ke putra abhayakumAra kA mitra thA / anuzruti yaha hai ki Ardrapura anAryadeza meM thA / kucha logoM ne so 'adda - Adra' zabda kI tulanA 'aDana' ke sAtha bhI kI hai| Ardrapura ke rAjA aura magadharAja zreNika ke bIca snehasambandha thA / isalie abhayakumAra se bhI ArdrakumAra kA paricaya huA / niyuktikAra ne likhA hai ki abhayakumAra ne apane mitra ArdrakumAra ke lie jina bhagavAn kI pratimA bheMTa bhejI thii| isase use bodha huA aura vaha abhayakumAra se milane ke lie utsuka huA / pUrvajanma kA jJAna hone ke kAraNa ArdrakumAra kA mana kAmabhogoM se virakta ho gayA aura usane apane deza se bhAgakara svayameva pravrajyA grahaNa kara lI / saMyogavazAt use eka bAra sAdhuveza chor3akara gRhasthadharma meM praviSTa honA par3A / punaH sAdhuveza svIkAra kara vaha jahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra upadeza de rahe the, vahA~ jAne ke lie niklaa| mArga meM use gozAlaka ke anuyAyI bhikSu, bauddhabhikSu, brahmavratI ( tridaNDI ), hastitApasa Adi mile / ArdrakumAra va ina bhikSuoM ke bIca jo vAda-vivAda huA vahI prastuta adhyayana meM varNita hai / : bhagavAn mahAvIra kI aura bhI AkSepa ina bhikSuoM ne isa adhyayana kI prAraMbhika pacIsa gAthAoM meM ArdrakumAra kA gozAlaka ke bhikSuoM ke sAtha vAda-vivAda hai / isameM ina bhikSuoM ne burAI kI hai aura batAyA hai ki yaha mahAvIra pahale to tyAgI thA, ekAnta meM rahatA thA, prAyaH mauna rakhatA thA kintu aba ArAma meM rahatA hai, sabhA meM baiThatA hai, mauna kA sevana nahIM karatA / isa prakAra ke bhagavAn mahAvIra para lagAye haiM / Ardramuni ne ina tamAma AkSepoM kA uttara diyA hai / isa vAda-vivAda ke mUla meM kahIM bhI gozAlaka kA nAma nahIM hai / niyuktikAra evaM vRttikAra ne isakA sambandha gozAlaka ke sAtha jor3A hai / isa vAda-vivAda ko par3hane se yaha mAlUma par3atA hai ki pUrvapakSI mahAvIra kA pUrI taraha se paricita vyakti honA cAhie / yaha vyakti gozAlaka ke sivAya dUsarA koI

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa nahIM ho sakatA / isIlie isa vAda-vivAda kA sambandha gozAlaka ke anuyAyI bhikSuoM ke sAtha jor3A gayA hai jo ucita hI hai / Age bauddhabhikSuoM ke sAtha vAda-vivAda hai / isameM to buddha zabda hI AyA hai / sAtha hI bauddhaparibhASA ke padoM kA prayoga bhI huA hai / yaha vAda-vivAda bayAlIsavIM gAthA taka hai / isake bAda brahmavratI ( tridaNDI ) kA vAda-vivAda AtA hai / yaha ikAvanavIM gAthA taka hai antima cAra gAthAoM meM hastitApasa kA vAda vivAda hai / brahmavratI ko niyunikAra netradaNDI kahA hai jaba ki vRttikAra ne ekadaNDI bhI kahA hai / tridaNDI ho athavA ekadaNDI sabhI brahmavratI vedavAdI haiM / inhoMne Arhatamata ko vedabAhya hone ke kAraNa aprAhya mAnA hai / hastitApasa sampradAya kA samAveza prathama zrutaskandhAntargata kuzIla nAmaka sAtaveM adhyayana meM varNita asaMyamiyoM meM hotA hai / isa sampradAya ke matAnusAra pratidina khAne ke lie aneka jIvoM kI hiMsA karane ke bajAya eka bar3e hAthI ko mArakara use pUre varSa taka khAnA acchA hai / ye tApasa isI prakAra apanA jIvana nirvAha karate the ataH inakA 'hastitApasa' nAma prasiddha huA / nAlaMdA : sAtaveM adhyayana kA nAma nAlaMdIya hai / yaha sUtrakRtAMga kA antima adhyayana he / rAjagRha ke bAhara uttara-pUrva arthAt IzAnakoNa meM sthita nAlaMdA kI prasiddhi jitanI jaina AgamoM meM hai utanI hI bauddha piTakoM meM bhI hai / niyuktikAra ne 'nAlaMdA' pada kA artha batAte hue kahA hai ki na + alaM + dA isa prakAra tIna zabdoM se banane vAlA nAlaMdA nAma strIliMga kA hai / dA arthAt denA - dAna denA, na arthAt nahIM aura alaM arthAt basa / ina tInoM arthoM kA saMyoga karane para jo artha nikalatA hai vaha yaha hai ki jahA~ para dAna dene kI bAta para kisI kI ora se basa nahIM hainA nahIM hai arthAt jisa jagaha dAna dene ke lie koI manA nahIM karatA usa jagaha kA nAma nAlaMdA hai / lene vAlA cAhe zramaNa ho athavA brAhmaNa, AjIvaka ho athavA parivrAjaka sabake lie yahA~ dAna sulabha hai| kisI ke lie kisI kI manAhI nahIM hai / kahA jAtA hai ki rAjA zreNika tathA anya bar3e-bar3e sAmaMta seTha Adi narendra yahA~ rahate the ataH isakA nAma 'nArendra' prasiddha huA / mAgadhI uccAraNa kI prakriyA ke anusAra 'nArendra' kA 'nAlendra' aura bAda meM hrasva hone para nAliMda tathA 'i' kA 'a' hone para nAlaMda honA svAbhAvika hai| nAlaMdA kI yaha vyutpatti vizeSa upayukta mAlUma hotI hai / / 208 udaka peDhAlaputta : nAlaMdA meM leva nAmaka eka udAra evaM vizvAsapAtra gRhastha rahatA thaa| vaha jainaparamparA evaM jainadharma kA asAdhAraNa zraddhAlu thA / usake paricaya ke lie sUtra

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sUtrakRtAMga 209 meM aneka vizeSaNa prayukta hue haiN| vaha jaina zramaNopAsaka hone ke kAraNa jainatattvajJAna se pUrNa paricita thA evaM tadviSayaka sArI bAteM nizcitAyA samajhatA thA / usakA dvAra dAna ke lie hamezA khulA rahatA thaa| use rAjA ke antaHpura meM bhI jAne-Ane kI chUTa thI arthAt vaha itanA vizvAsapAtra thA ki rAjabhaMDAra meM to kyA rAniyoM ke nivAsa sthAna meM bhI usakA praveza anumata thaa| ___ nAlaMdA ke IzAnakoNa meM levadvArA nirmApita sesadaviyA-zeSadravyA nAmaka eka vizAla udakazAlA-pyAU thii| zeSadravyA kA artha batAte hue vRttikAra ne likhA hai ki leva ne jaba apane rahane ke lie makAna baMdhavAyA taba usameM se bacI huI sAmagrI ( zeSadravya ) dvArA isa udakazAlA kA nirmANa krvaayaa| ataeva isakA nAma zeSadravyA rkhaa| isa udakazAlA ke IzAnakoNa meM hatthijAmahastiyAma nAma kA eka vanakhaNDa thaa| yaha vanakhaNDa bahuta ThaMDA thaa| isa vanakhaNDa meM eka samaya gautama indrabhUti Thahare hue the| usa samaya meyajjagotrIya peDhAlaputta udaya nAmaka eka pAvapityIya nigrantha gautama ke pAsa AyA aura bolA-he AyuSmAn gautama ! maiM kucha pUchanA cAhatA huuN| Apa usakA yathAzruta evaM yathAdarzita uttara diijie| gautama ne kahA-he AyuSman ! prazna sunane va samajhane ke bAda tadviSayaka carcA kruuNgaa| udaya nigrantha ne pUchA-he AyuSmAn gautama ! Apake pravacana kA upadeza dene vAle kumAraputtiya-kumAraputra nAmaka zramaNa nigraMntha zrAvaka ko jaba pratyAkhyAna-tyAga karavAte haiM taba yoM kahate haiM ki abhiyoga' ko chor3a kara gRhapaticauravimokSaNanyAya ke anusAra tumhAre sa 1. abhiyoga arthAt rAjA kI AjJA; gaNa kI AjJA-gaNatantrAtmaka rAjya kI AjJA, balavAn kI AjJA, mAtA-pitA Adi kI AjJA tathA AjIvikA kA bhaya / ina paristhitiyoM kI anupasthiti meM trasa prANiyoM kI hiMsA kA tyAga krnaa| 2. gRhapaticauravimokSaNanyAya isa prakAra hai :-kisI gRhastha ke chaH putra the| ve chahoM kisI aparAdha meM phaMsa gaye / rAjA ne una chahoM ko phAMsI kA daNDa diyaa| yaha jAnakara vaha gRhastha rAjA ke pAsa AyA aura nivedana karane lagA-mahArAja ! yadi mere chahoM putroM ko phAMsI hogI to maiM aputra ho jaauuNgaa| merA vaMza Age kaise calegA ? mere vaMza kA samUla nAza ho jaaygaa| kRpayA pAMca ko chor3a dIjiye / rAjA ne usakI yaha bAta nahIM maanii| taba usane cAra ko chor3ane kI bAta khii| aba rAjA ne yaha bhI svIkAra nahIM kiyA taba usane kramazaH tIna, do aura anta meM eka putra ko

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210 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa prANiyoM kI hiMsA kA tyAga hai / isa prakAra kA pratyAkhyAna duSpratyAkhyAna hai| isase pratyAkhyAna karAne vAlA va pratyAkhyAna karane vAlA donoM doSa ke bhAgI hote hai| yaha kaise ? saMsAra meM janma dhAraNa karane vAle prANI sthAvararUpa se bhI janma grahaNa karate haiM aura sarUpa se bhii| jo sthAvararUpa se janma lete haiM ve hI sarUpa se bhI janma lete haiM tathA jo trasarUpa se janma lete haiM ve hI sthAvararUpa se bhI janma lete haiM ataH sthAvara aura trasa prANiyoM kI samajha meM bahuta ulajhana hotI hai / kauna-sA prANI sthAvara hai aura kauna-sA trasa, isakA nipaTArA athavA nizcaya nahIM ho sktaa| ataH trasa prANiyoM ko hiMsA kA pratyAkhyAna va usakA pAlana kaise sambhava hai ? aisI sthiti meM kevala trasa prANI ko hiMsA kA pratyAkhyAna karavAne ke bajAya trasabhUta prANI ko arthAt jo vartamAna meM sarUpa hai usakI hiMsA kA pratyAkhyAna karavAnA caahie| isa prakAra pratyAkhyAna meM trasa' ke bajAya 'trasabhUta' zabda kA prayoga karanA adhika upayukta hogaa| isase na pratyAkhyAna dene vAle ko koI doSa lagegA, na lene vAle ko / udaya peDhAlaputta kI isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna karate hue gautama indrabhUti muni ne kahA ki hamArA mata 'sa' ke bajAya trasabhUta' zabda kA prayoga karane kA samarthana isalie nahIM karatA ki Apaloga jise 'trasabhUta' kahate haiM usI artha meM hama loga 'sa' zabda kA prayoga karate haiN| jisa jIva ke trasa nAmakarma tathA AyuSyakarma kA udaya ho usI ko trasa kahate haiN| isa prakAra ke udaya kA sambandha vartamAna se hI hai, na ki bhUta athavA bhaviSya se| udaya peDhAlaputta ne gotama indrabhUti se dUsarA prazna yaha pUchA hai ki mAna . lIjiye isa saMsAra meM jitane bhI sajIva hai sabake saba sthAvara ho jAyaM athavA jitane bhI sthAvara jova hai sabake saba trasa ho jAyaM to Apa jo pratyAkhyAna karavAte haiM vaha kyA vyartha nahIM ho jAyagA ? saba jIvoM ke sthAvara ho jAne para asa kI hiMsA kA koI prazna hI nahIM rhtaa| isI prakAra saba logoM ke trasa ho jAne para asa ko hiMsA kA tyAga kaise sambhava ho sakatA hai ? isakA uttara dete hue gautama ne kahA hai ki saba sthAvaroM kA asa ho jAnA athavA saba trasoM kA sthAvara ho jAnA asambhava hai| aisA na kabhI huA hai, na hotA hai aura na hogaa| isa tathya ko samajhAne ke lie sUtrakAra ne aneka udAharaNa die haiM / prastuta adhyayana meM pratyAkhyAna ke sambandha meM isI prakAra kI carcA hai| inameM kucha zabda evaM chor3a dene kI vinatI kii| rAjA ne unameM se eka ko chor3a diyA / isI nyAya se chaH kAyoM meM se sthUla prANAtipAta kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai arthAt trasa prANiyoM kI hiMsA na karane kA niyama svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai|

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sUtrakRtAMga 211 vAkya aise haiM jo pUrI taraha se samajha meM nahIM Ate / vRttikAra ne to apanI pAramparika anuzruti ke anusAra unakA artha kara diyA hai kintu mUla zabdoM kA jarA gaharAI se vicAra karane para mana ko pUrA santoSa nahIM hotaa| isa adhyayana meM pApityIya udaya peDhAlaputta evaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mukhya gaNadhara gautama indrabhUti ke bIca jo vAda-vivAda athavA carcA huI hai usakI paddhati ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue yaha mAnanA anupayukta na hogA ki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paramparA vAle bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA ko apane se bhinna paramparA ke rUpa meM hI mAnate the, bhale hI bAda meM pArzvanAtha kI paramparA mahAvIra kI paramparA meM mila gaI / isa adhyayana meM eka jagaha spaSTa likhA hai ki jaba gautama udaya peDhAlaputta ko maitrI evaM vinayapratipatti ke lie samajhAne lage to udaya ne gautama ke isa kathana kA anAdara kara apane sthAna para loTa jAne kA vicAra kiyA : taeNaM se udae peDhAlaputte bhagavaM goyamaM aNADhAyamANe jAmeva disi pAubbhUe tAmeva disi pahArettha gmnnaae|

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pazcama prakaraNa sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda dvArA saMcAlita pUjAbhAI jaina granthamAlA ke 23veM puSpa ke rUpa meM sthAnAMga tathA samavAyAMga kA paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyAkRta jo sundara, subodha evaM suspaSTa anuvAda, prastAvanA va tulanAtmaka TippaNiyoM ke sAtha prakAzana huA hai usase ina donoM aMgagranthoM kA paricaya prApta ho jAtA hai| ataH ina granthoM ke viSaya meM yahAM vizeSa likhanA anAvazyaka hai / phira bhI inake sambandha meM thor3A prakAza DAlanA anupayukta na hogaa| ___ aMgasUtroM meM vizeSataH upadezAtmaka evaM AtmArthI mumukSuoM ke lie vidhyAtmaka 1. (a) abhayadevakRta vRttisahita-Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, san 1918 1920; mANekalAla cunIlAla, ahamadAbAda, san 1937. (A) AgamasaMgraha, banArasa, san 1880. (i) abhayadevakRta vRtti ke gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha--aSTakoTi bRhad pakSIya saMgha mudrA (kaccha), vi. saM. 1999. (I) gujarAtI anuvAdasahita-jIvarAja ghelAbhAI dozI, ahamadAbAda, san 1931. (u) hindI anuvAdasahita-amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI. saM. 2446. (U) gujarAto rUpAntara-dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, gujarAta vidyApITha, ahama dAbAda, san 1955. 2. (a) abhayadevakRta vRttisahita-Agamodaya samiti, sUrata, san 1919; maphatalAla jhaveracandra, ahamadAbAda, san 1938. (A) AgamasaMgraha, banArasa, san 1880. (i) abhayadevakRta vRtti ke gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-jeThAlAla haribhAI, jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1995. (I) hindI anuvAdasahita-amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI0 saM0 2446. (s) gujarAtI rUpAntara--dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, gujarAta vidyApITha, aha madAbAda san 1955. (U) saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, san 1962.

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sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga 213 1 va niSedhAtmaka vacana upalabdha haiM / kucha sUtroM meM isa prakAra ke vacana sIdhe rUpa meM haiM to kucha meM kathAoM, saMvAdoM evaM rUpakoM ke rUpa meM sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga meM / aise vacanoM kA vizeSa abhAva hai ina donoM sUtroM ke adhyayana se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ye saMgrahAtmaka koza ke rUpa meM nirmita kiye gaye haiM / anya aMgoM kI apekSA inake nAma evaM viSaya sarvathA bhinna prakAra ke haiM / ina aMgoM kI viSayanirUpaNazailI se aisA bhI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki anya saba aMga pUrNatayA bana gaye hoMge taba smRti athavA dhAraNA kI saralatA kI dRSTi se athavA viSayoM kI khoja kI sugamatA kI dRSTi se pIche se ina donoM aMgoM kI yojanA kI gaI hogI tathA inheM vizeSa pratiSThA pradAna karane ke hetu inakA aMgoM meM samAveza kara diyA gayA hogA / ina aMgoM kI upalabdha sAmagrI va zailI ko dekha kara vRttikAra abhayadevasUri ke mana meM jo bhAvanA utpanna huI usakA thor3A sA paricaya prApta karanA anupayukta na hogA / ve likhate haiM : sampradAya hInatvAt sadgRhasya viyogataH / sarvasvaparazAstrANAmadRSTerasmRtezca me // 1 // vAcanAnAmanekatvAt pustakAnAmazuddhataH / sUtrANAmatigAmbhIryAt matabhedAcca kutracit // 2 // yasya granthavarasya vAkyajaladherlakSaM sahasrANi ca, catvAriMzadaho caturbhiradhikA mAnaM padAnAmabhUt / tasyoccai culukA kRti nidadhataH kAlAdidoSAt tathA, durlekhAt khilatAM gatasya kudhiyaH kurvantu kiM mAdRzAH // 1 // varaguruvirahAt vA'tItakAle munIrgaMNadharavacanAnAM zrastasaMghAtanAt vA / x -- sthAnAMgavRtti ke anta meM prazasti. X saMbhAvyo'smiMstathApi kvacidapi manaso mohato'rthAdibhedaH ||5|| X - samavAyAMgavRtti ke anta meM prazasti. arthAt graMtha ko samajhane kI paramparA kA abhAva hai, acche tarka kA viyoga hai, saba svapara zAstra dekhe na jA sake aura na unakA smaraNa hI ho sakA, vAcanAe~ aneka

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214 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ho gaI hai, upalabdha pustakeM azuddha haiM tathA ye sUtra ati gambhIra haiM / aisI sthiti meM unakI vyAkhyA meM matabheda honA sambhava hai / isa grantha kI jo padasaMkhyA batAI gaI hai use dekhate hue yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki kAla Adi ke doSa se yaha grantha bahuta hI choTA ho gayA hai / lekhana ThIka na hone se grantha chinna-bhinna ho gayA pratIta hotA hai / aisI sthiti meM isakI vyAkhyA karane meM tatpara mere jaisA dubuddhi kyA kara sakatA hai ? phira yogya guru kA viraha hai arthAt zAstroM kA adhyayana-adhyApana karane vAle uttama guru kI paramparA naSTa ho gaI / gaNagharoM ke vacana chinna-bhinna ho gaye / una khaNDita vacanoM kA AdhAra lekara prAcIna munivaroM ne zAstrasaMyojanA kii| ataH sambhava hai prastuta vyAkhyA meM kahIM artha Adi kI bhinnatA ho gaI ho / abhayadevasUri ko ina donoM granthoM kI vyAkhyA karane meM jisa kaThinAI kA anubhava huA hai usakA hUbahU citraNa uparyukta padyoM meM upalabdha hai| jisa yuga meM zAstroM ke prAmANya ke viSaya meM zaMkA hote hue bhI eka akSara bhI bolanA kaThina thA usa yuga meM vRttikAra isase adhika kyA likha sakatA thA? sthAnAMga Adi ko dekhane se yaha spaSTa mAlUma hotA hai ki samyagdRSTisampanna gItArtha puruSoM ne pUrva paramparA se calI Ane vAlI sUtrasAmagrI meM mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda yatra-tatra vRddhi-hAni kI hai jisakA ki unheM pUrA adhikAra thaa| udAharaNa ke lie sthAnAMga ke naveM adhyayana ke tRtIya uddezaka meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nau gaNoM ke nAma Ate haiN| ye nAma isa prakAra haiM : godAsagaNa, uttarabalissahagaNa, uddehagaNa, cAraNagaNa, uDuvAtitagaNa, vissavAtitagaNa, kAmaDDhitagaNa, mANavagaNa aura koDitagaNa / kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM ina gaNoM kI utpatti isa prakAra batalAI hai : prAcIna gotrIya Arya bhadrabAhu ke cAra sthavira ziSya the jinameM se eka kA nAma godAsa thaa| ina kAzyapa gotrIya godAsa sthavira se godAsa nAmaka gaNa kI utpatti huii| elAvacca gotrIya Arya mahAgiri ke ATha sthavira ziSya the| inameM se eka kA nAma uttarabalissaha thaa| inase uttarabalissaha nAmaka gaNa niklaa| vAsiSThagotrIya Arya suhastI ke bAraha sthavira ziSya the jinameM se eka kA nAma AryarohaNa thA / inhIM kAzpagotrIya rohaNa se uddehagaNa niklaa| unhIM guru ke ziSya hAritagotrIya siragutta se cAraNagaNa kI utpatti huI, bhAradvAjagotrIya bhadadjasa se uDuvADiyagaNa utpanna huA evaM kuMDila ( kuMDali athA kuDila) gotrIya kAmaDDhi sthavira se vesavADiya gaNa niklaa| isI prakAra kAkaMdI nagarI

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sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga 215 nivAsI vAsiSThagotrIya isigutta se mANavagaNa evaM vagghAvacca gotrIya susthita va supratibaddha se koDiya nAmaka gaNa nikalA / upayukta ullekha meM kAmaDDhita gaNa kI utpatti kA koI nirdeza nahIM hai / saMbhava hai Arya suhastI ke ziSya kAmaDDhi sthavira se hI yaha bhI nikalA ho / kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM kAmaDDhatagaNa viSayaka ullekha nahIM hai kintu kADhita kulasambandhI ullekha avazya hai / yaha kAmaDDhita kula usa vesavADiya - visvAtita gaNa kA hI eka kula hai jisakI utpatti kAmaDDha sthavira se batalAI gaI hai / uparyukta sabhI gaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga do sau varSa ke bAda ke kAla ke haiM / bAda ke kucha gaNa mahAvIra - nirvANa ke pAMca sau varSa ke bAda ke bhI ho sakate haiM / rohagupta aura prathama do ke bAda tIsarI sthAnAMga meM jamAli, tiSyagupta, ASADha, azvamitra, gaMga, goSThA mAhila ina sAta nihnavoM kA bhI ullekha AtA hai| inameM se atirikta saba nihnoM kI utpatti bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke zatAbdI se lekara chaThIM zatAbdI taka ke samaya meM huI hai / ataeva yaha mAnanA adhika upayukta hai ki isa sUtra kI antima yojanA vIranirvANa kI chaThIM zatAbdI meM hone vAle kisI gItArthaM puruSa ne apane samaya taka kI ghaTanAoM ko pUrva paramparA se calI Ane vAlI ghaTanAoM ke sAtha milAkara kI hai| yadi aisA na mAnA jAya to yaha to mAnanA hI par3egA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bAda ghaTita hone vAlI ukta sabhI ghaTanAoM ko kisI gItArthaM sthavira ne isa sUtra meM pIche se jor3A hai / isI prakAra samavAyAMga meM bhI aisI ghaTanAoM kA ullekha hai jo mahAvora ke nirvANa ke bAda meM huI haiM / udAharaNa ke lie 100 veM sUtra meM indrabhUti va sudharmA ke nirvANa kA ullekha / ina donoM kA nirvANa mahAvIra ke yaha kathana ki yaha sUtra sudharmAsvAmI ne jambUsvAmI ko kahA, se jambUsvAmI ne sunA, kisa artha meM va kahA~ taka ThIka hai, vicAraNIya hai / aisI sthiti meM AgamoM ko graMthabaddha karane vAle AcArya devadhigaNi kSamAzramaNa hI yadi ina donoM aMgoM ke aMtimarUpa denevAle mAne jAyeM to bhI koI harja nahIM / bAda huA hai / ataH athavA sudharmAsvAmI zailI : ina sUtroM kI zailI ke viSaya meM saMkSepa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki sthAnAMga ke prathama prakaraNa meM eka-eka padArtha athavA kriyA Adi kA nirUpaNa hai, dvitIya meM do-do kA, tRtIya meM tIna-tIna kA yAvat antima prakaraNa meM dasa-dasa padArthoM athavA kriyAoM kA varNana hai / jisa prakaraNa meM ekasaMkhyaka vastu kA vicAra hai usakA nAma ekasthAna athavA prathamasthAna hai / isI prakAra dvitIyasthAna yAvat dazamasthAna ke viSaya meM samajhanA caahie| isa prakAra sthAnAMga meM dasa sthAna,

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216 jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa jisa prakaraNa meM nirUpaNIya sAmagrI adhika hai usake dvitIya, tRtIya evaM caturtha prakaraNa meM aise cAra-cAra upavibhAga haiM tathA paMcama prakaraNa meM tIna upavibhAga haiM / ina upavibhAgoM kA pAribhASika nAma 'uddeza' hai / adhyayana athavA prakaraNa haiM / upavibhAga bhI kiye gaye haiM / samavAyAMga kI zailI bhI isI prakAra kI hai bhI nirUpaNa hai ataH usakI kintu usameM dasa se Age kI saMkhyA vAlI vastuoM kA prakaraNasaMkhyA sthAnAMga kI taraha nizcita nahIM hai athavA yoM samajhanA cAhie ki usameM sthAnAMga kI taraha koI prakaraNavyavasthA nahIM kI gaI hai / isIlie naMdosUtra meM samavAyAMga kA paricaya dete hue kahA gayA hai ki isameM eka hI adhyayana hai / sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga kI kozazailI bauddhaparamparA evaM vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai / bauddhagrantha aMguttaranikAya, puggalapaJJatti, mahAvyutpatti evaM dharmasaMgraha meM isI prakAra kI zailI meM vicAraNAoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai / vaidika paramparA ke graMtha mahAbhArata ke vanaparva (adhyAya 134 ) meM bhI isI zailI meM vicAra saMgRhIta kiye gaye haiM / sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga meM saMgrahapradhAna kozazailI hote hue bhI aneka sthAnoM para isa zailI kA samyaktayA pAlana nahIM kiyA jA skaa| ina sthAnoM para yA to zailI khaMDita ho gaI hai yA vibhAga karane meM pUrI sAvadhAnI nahIM rakhI gaI hai / udAharaNa ke lie aneka sthAnoM para vyaktiyoM ke caritra Ate haiM, parvatoM kA saMvAda Ate haiM / ye saba khaMDita varNana AtA hai, mahAvIra aura gautama Adi ke zailI ke sUcaka haiM / sthAnAMga ke sU0 244 meM likhA hai ki tRNavanaspatikAya cAra prakAra ke haiM, sU0 431 meM likhA hai ki tRNavanaspatikAya pA~ca prakAra ke haiM aura sU0 484 meM likhA hai ki tRNavanaspatikAya cha: prakAra ke haiM / yaha antima sUtra tRNavanaspatikAya ke bhedoM kA pUrNa nirUpaNa karatA hai jabaki pahale ke donoM sUtra isa viSaya meM apUrNa haiM / antima sUtra kI vidyamAnatA meM ye donoM sUtra vyartha haiM / yaha vibhAjana kI asAvadhAnI kA udAharaNa hai / samavAyAMga meM ekasaMkhyaka prathama sUtra ke anta meM isa Azaya kA kathana hai ki kucha jIva ekabhava meM siddhi prApta kareMge / isake bAda dvisaMkhyaka sUtra se lekara taiMtIsasaMkhyaka sUtra taka isa prakAra kA kathana hai ki kucha jIva do bhava meM siddhi prApta kareMge, kucha jIva tIna bhava meM siddhi prApta kareMge, bhava meM siddhi prApta kareMge / isake bAda isa Azaya kA yAvat kucha jIva taiMtIsa kathana baMda ho jAtA hai / athavA isase adhika bhava kyA koI jIva cauMtIsa bhava isa prakAra ke sUtra vibhAjana kI zailI ko doSayukta visaMgati utpanna karate haiM / isase kyA samajhA jAya ? meM siddhi prApta nahIM karegA ? banAte haiM evaM aneka prakAra kI

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sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga viSaya - sambaddhatA : AtA hai aura sambandha batAte saMkalanAtmaka sthAnAMga- samavAyAMga meM vastu kA nirUpaNa saMkhyA kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai ata: unake abhidheyoM - pratipAdya viSayoM meM paraspara sambaddhatA honA Avazyaka nahIM hai / phira bhI vRttikAra ne khIMcatAna kara yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki amuka viSaya ke bAda amuka viSaya kA kathana kyoM kiyA gayA hai ? udAharaNArthaM pahale ke sUtra meM jambUdvIpanAmaka dvIpa kA kathana bAda ke sUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIraviSayaka varNana / ina donoM kA hue vRttikAra kahate haiM ki jambUdvIpa kA yaha prarUpaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kiyA hai| ataH jambUdvIpa ke bAda mahAvIra kA varNana asambaddha nahIM hai / pahale ke sUtra meM mahAvIra kA varNana AtA hai aura bAda ke sUtra meM anuttaravimAna meM utpanna hone vAle devoM kA varNana / ina donoM sUtroM meM sambandha sthApita karate hue vRttikAra kahate haiM ki bhagavAn mahAvIra nirvANa prApta kara jisa sthAna para rahate haiM vaha sthAna aura anuttara vimAna pAsa-pAsa hI hai ataH mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda anuttara vimAna kA kathana susaMbaddha hai / isa prakAra vRttikAra ne saba sUtroM ke bIca pArasparika - sambandha baiThAne kA bhArI prayAsa kiyA hai / vAstava meM zabdakoza ke zabdoM kI bhA~ti ina sUtroM meM paraspara koI arthasambandha nahIM hai / saMkhyA ko dRSTi se jo koI bhI viSaya sAmane AyA, sabakA usa saMkhyAvAle sUtra meM samAveza kara diyA gayA / viSaya - vaividhya : sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga donoM meM jaina pravacanasaMmata tathyoM ke sAtha hI sAtha -lokasaMmata bAtoM kA bhI nirUpaNa hai / inake kucha namUne ye haiM : 217 sthAnAMga, sU0 71 meM zrutajJAna ke do bheda batAye gaye haiM : aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya | aMgabAhya ke punaH do bheda haiM : Avazyaka aura Avazyakavyatirikta / Avazyakavyatirikta phira do prakAra kA hai : kAlika aura utkAlika / yahA~ upAMga nAmaka bheda kA koI ullekha nahIM haiM / isase siddha hotA hai ki yaha bheda vizeSa prAcIna nahIM hai / isI sUtra meM anyatra kevalajJAna ke avasthA, kAla Adi kI dRSTi se aneka bheda-prabheda kiye gaye haiM / sarvaprathama kevalajJAna ke do bheda batAye gaye haiM: bhavasthakevalajJAna aura siddhakevalajJAna / bhavasthakevalajJAna do prakAra kA hai : sayogibhavasthakevalajJAna aura ayogibhavastha kevalajJAna / sayogibhavastha kevalajJAna punaH do prakAra kA hai : prathamasamayasayogibhavastha kevalajJAna aura aprathamasamaya sayogibhavasthakevalajJAna athavA caramasamaya sayogibhavastha kevalajJAna aura acaramasamayasayogibhavasthakevalajJAna | isI prakAra ayogibhavastha kevalajJAna ke bhI do-do bheda samajhane

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218 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa cAhie / siddhakevalajJAna bhI do prakAra kA hai : antarasiddhakevalajJAna va paramparasiddhakevalajJAna / ina donoM ke punaH do-do bheda kiye gaye haiM / ___ isI aMga ke sU0 75 meM batAyA gayA hai ki jina jIvoM ke sparzana aura rasanA ye do iMdriyAM hotI haiM unakA zarIra asthi, mAMsa va rakta se nirmita hotA hai / isI prakAra jina jIvoM ke sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa ye tIna indriyA~ athavA sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa aura cakSu ye cAra indriyA~ hotI haiM unakA zarIra bhI asthi, mAMsa va rakta se banA hotA hai| jinake zrotra sahita pA~ca indriyA~ hotI haiM unakA zarIra asthi, mAMsa, rakta, snAyu va zirA se nirmita hotA hai / sUtrakAra ke isa kathana kI jA~ca prANivijJAna ke AdhAra para kI jA sakatI hai| sU0 446 meM rajoharaNa ke pA~ca prakAra batAye gaye haiM : 1. Una kA rajoharaNa, 2. U~Ta ke bAla kA rajoharaNa, 3. sana kA rajoharaNa, 4. balvaja ( tRNavizeSa) kA rajoharaNa, 5. mUMja kA rajoharaNa / vartamAna meM kevala prathama prakAra kA rajoharaNa hI kAma meM lAyA jAtA hai / isI sUtra meM nirgranthoM va nigraMnthiyoM ke lie pAMca prakAra ke vastra ke upayoga kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai : 1. jAMgamika-Una kA, 2 bhAMgika--alasI kA, 3. zANaka-sana kA, 4. pottia--sUta kA, 5. tirIDavaTTa-vRkSa kI chAla kA / vRttikAra ne ina vastroM kA vizeSa vivecana kiyA hai evaM batAyA hai ki nigranthanigraMnthiyoM ke lie utsarga kI dRSTi se kapAsa va Una ke hI vastra grAhya haiM aura ve bhI bahumUlya nahIM apitu alpamUlya / bahumUlya kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue vRttikAra ne likhA hai ki pATaliputra meM pracalita-mudrA ke aThAraha rupaye se adhika mUlya kA vastra bahumUlya samajhanA cAhie / pravrajyA : sU0 355 meM pratnajyA ke vividha prakAra batAye gaye haiM jinheM dekhane se prAcIna samaya ke pravrajyAdAtAoM evaM pravrajyAgrahaNakartAoM kI paristhiti kA kucha patA laga sakatA hai| isameM pravrajyA cAra prakAra kI batAI gaI hai| 1. ihalokapratibaddhA, 2. paralokapratibaddhA, 3. ubhayalokapratibaddhA, 4. apratibaddhA / 1. kevala jIvana nirvAha ke lie pravajyA grahaNa karanA ihalokapratibaddhA pravrajyA hai| 2. janmAntara meM kAmAdi sakhoM kI prApti ke lie pravrajyA lenA paralokapratibaddhA pravrajyA hai| 3. ukta donoM uddezyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara pravrajyA grahaNa karanA ubhayalokapratibaddhA pravrajyA hai / 4. Atmonnati ke lie pravrajyA svIkAra karanA apratibaddhA pravrajyA hai / anya prakAra se pravrajyA ke cAra bheda ke

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sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga 219. batalAye gaye haiM : 1. purataH pratibaddhA, 2 mArgataH pratibaddhA, 3. ubhayataH pratibaddhA, 4. apratibaddhA / 1. ziSya va AhArAdi kI prApti ke uddezya se lI jAnevAlI pravrajyA purataH pratibaddhA pravrajyA hai / 2. pravrajyA lene ke bAda svajanoM meM vizeSa pratibaddha honA arthAt svajanoM ke lie bhautika sAmagrI prApta karane kI bhAvanA rakhanA mArgataH pratibaddhA pravrajyA hai / 3. ukta donoM prakAra kI pravrajyAoM kA sammizrita rUpa ubhayataH pratibaddhA pravrajyA hai / 4. Atmazuddhi ke lie grahaNa kI jAne vAlI pravrajyA apratibaddhA pravrajyA hai / prakArAntara se pravrajyA ke cAra bheda isa prakAra batAye gaye haiM : 1. tuyAvaittA pravrajyA arthAt kisI ko pIr3A pahu~cAkara athavA maMtrAdi dvArA pravrajyA kI ora mor3anA evaM pravrajyA denA / 2. puyAvaittA pravrajyA arthAt kisI ko bhagAkara pravrajyA denA / AryarakSita ko isI prakAra pravrajyA do gaI thI / 3. buyAvaittA pravrajyA arthAt acchI taraha saMbhASaNa karake pravrajyA kI ora jhukAva paidA karanA evaM pravrajyA denA athavA moyAvaittA pravrajyA arthAt kisI ko mukta kara athavA mukta karane kA lobha dekara athavA mukta karavAkara pravrajyA kI ora jhukAnA evaM pravrajyA denA / 4. paripuyAvaittA pravrajyA arthAt kisI ko bhojana sAmagrI Adi kA pralobhana dekara arthAt usameM bhojanAdi kI paryAptatA kA AkarSaNa utpanna kara pravrajyA denA | sU0 712 meM pravrajyA ke dasa prakAra batAye gaye haiM : 1. chaMdapravrajyA, 2. roSapravrajyA 3 paridyUnapravrajyA 4, svapnapravrajyA, 5 pratizrutapravrajyA, 6 . smAraNikApravrajyA, 7, rogiNikApravrajyA, 8. anAdRtapravrajyA, 9. devasaMjJapti - pravrajyA, 10. vatsAnubaMdhitApravrajyA / 1. svecchApUrvaka lI jAne vAlI pravrajyA chandapravrajyA hai / 2. roSa ke kAraNa lI jAnevAlI pravrajyA roSapravrajyA hai / 3. dInatA athavA daridratA ke kAraNa grahaNa kI jAnevAlI pravrajyA paridyumnapravrajyA hai / 4. svapna dvArA sUcanA prApta hone para lI jAne vAlI pravrajyA ko svapnapravrajyA kahate haiM / 5. kisI prakAra kI pratijJA athavA vacana ke kAraNa grahaNa kI jAne vAlI pravrajyA kA nAma pratizrutapravrajyA hai / 6. kisI prakAra kI smRti ke kAraNa grahaNa kI jAne vAlI pravrajyA smArikApravrajyA hai / 7. rogoM ke nimitta se lI jAne vAlI pravrajyA rogiNikApravrajyA hai / 8. anAdara ke kAraNa lI jAne vAlI pravrajyA anAdRtapravrajyA kahalAtI hai / 9. deva ke pratibodha dvArA lI jAne vAlo pravrajyA kA nAma devasaMjJaptipravrajyA hai / 10. putra ke pravrajita hone ke kAraNa mAtA-pitA dvArA grahaNa kI jAne vAlI pravrajyA ko vatsAnubaMdhitApravrajyA kahate haiM /

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220 jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa - sthavira : sU0 761 meM dasa prakAra ke sthaviroM kA ullekha hai : 1. grAmasthavira, 2. nagarasthavira, 3. rASTrasthavira, 4. prazAstAsthavira, 5. kulasthavira, 6. gaNasthavira, 7 saMghasthavira, 8 jAtisthavira, 9 zrutasthavira, 10. paryAyasthavira | grAma kI vyavasthA karane vAlA arthAt jisakA kahanA sArA gA~va mAne vaisA zaktizAlI vyakti grAmasthavira kahalAtA hai / isI prakAra nagarasthavira evaM rASTrasthavira kI vyAkhyA samajhanI caahie| logoM ko dharma meM sthira rakhane vAle dharmopadezaka prazAstAsthavira kahalAte haiM / kula, gaNa evaM saMgha kI vyavasthA karane vAle kulasthavira, gaNasthavira evaM saMghasthavira kahalAte haiM / sATha athavA -sATha se adhika varSa kI Ayu vAle vayovRddha jAtisthavira kahe jAte haiM / sthAnAMga Adizruta ke dhAraka ko zrutasyavira kahate haiM / jisakA dIkSA paryAya bIsa varSa kA ho gayA ho vaha paryAyasthavira kahalAtA hai / antima do bheda jaina paribhASA - -sApekSa haiM / ye dasa bheda prAcIna kAla kI grAma, nagara, rASTra, kula, gaNa Adi kI vyavasthA ke sUcaka haiM | lekhana paddhati : batAye gaye haiM jo samavAyAMga, sU0 18 meM lekhana paddhati ke aThAraha prakAra brAhmI lipi ke aThAraha bheda haiM / ina bhedoM meM brAhmo ko bhI ginA gayA hai| jisake kAraNa bhedoM kI saMkhyA unnIsa ho gaI hai / ina bhedoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM : 1. brAhmI, 2. yAvanI, 3. doSopakarikA, 4. kharoSTrakA, 5. kharazrAvitA, 6. pakArAdikA, 7. uccattarikA, 8. akSara pRSThikA, 9. * bhogavatikA, 10 vaiNayikA, 11. nihnavikA, 12. aMkalipi, 13. gaNitalipi, 14. gAMdharvalipi, 15. bhutalipi, 16. Adarzalipi, 16. mAhezvarI - lipi, 18. drAviDa lipi, 19. puliMda lipi / vRttikAra ne isa sUtra kI TIkA karate hue likhA hai ki ina lipiyoM ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM kisI prakAra kA vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM huA ataH yahA~ kucha na likhA gayA : etatsvarUpaM na dRSTaM, -iti na darzitam / vartamAna meM upalabdha sAdhanoM ke AdhAra para lipiyoM ke viSaya meM itanA kahA jA sakatA hai ki azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM prayukta lipi kA nAma brAhmI lipi hai / yAvanIlipi arthAt yavanoM kI lipi / bhAratIya logoM se bhinna logoM kI lipi yAvanI lipi kahalAtI hai; yathA arabI, phArasI Adi / kharoSThI lipi dAhinI ora se prArambha kara bAIM ora likhI jAtI hai isa lipi kA pracAra gAMdhAra

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sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga 221 deza meM thaa| isa lipi meM uttara-pazcima sImAMta pradeza meM azoka ke eka-do zilAlekha milate haiN| gadhe ke hoTha ko kharoSTha kahate haiN| kadAcit isa lipi ke mor3a kA sambandha gadhe ke hoTha ke sAtha ho aura isIlie isakA nAma kharoSThI kharoSThikA athavA kharoSTrikA par3A ho / kharazrAvitA arthAt sunane meM kaThora lagane vAlI / saMbhavataH isa lipi kA uccAraNa karNa ke lie kaThora ho jisase isakA nAma kharaghAvitA pracalita huA ho / pakArAdikA jisakA prAkRta rUpa pahArAiA athavA pArAiA hai, saMbhavataH pakAra se prAraMbha hotI ho jisase isakA yaha nAma par3A ho / nihnanavikA kA artha hai sAMketika athavA guptalipi / kadAcit yaha lipi vizeSa prakAra ke saMketoM se nirmita huI ho| aMkoM se nirmita lipi kA nAma aMkalipi hai| gaNitazAstra sambandhI saMketoM kI lipi ko gaNitalipi kahate haiN| gAMdharvalipi arthAta gaMdhoM kI lipi evaM bhUtalipi arthAt bhUtoM kI lipi / saMbhavataH gaMdharva jAti meM kAma meM Ane vAlI lipi kA nAma gAMdharvalipi evaM bhUtajAti meM arthAt bhoTa yAne bhoTiyA logoM meM athavA bhUTAna ke logoM meM pracalita lipi kA nAma bhUtalipi par3A ho| kadAcit paizAcI bhASA kI lipi bhUtalipi ho| Adarza lipi ke viSaya meM kucha jJAta nahIM huA hai / mAhezvaroM ko lipi kA nAma mAhezvarolipi hai| vartamAna meM mAhezvarI nAmaka eka jAti hai| usake sAtha isa lipi kA koI sambandha hai yA nahIM, yaha anveSaNIya hai| dravir3oM kI lipi kA nAma drAvir3alipi hai| pulidalipi zAyada bhIla logoM ko lipi ho| zeSa lipiyoM ke viSaya meM koI vizeSa bAta mAlUma nahIM huI hai| lipiviSayaka mUla pATha kI azuddhi ke kAraNa bhI etadviSayaka vizeSa kaThinAI sAmane AtI hai| bauddhagraMtha lalitavistara meM causaTha lipiyoM ke nAma batAye gaye haiN| ina evaM isa prakAra ke anyatra ullikhita nAmoM ke sAtha isa pATha ko milAkara zuddha kara lenA caahie| samavAyAMga, sU. 43 meM brAhmI lipi meM upayoga meM Ane vAle akSaroM kI saMkhyA 46 batAI hai| vRttikAra ne isa sambandha meM spaSTIkaraNa karate hue batAyA hai ki ye 46 akSara akAra se lagAkara kSa sahita hakAra taka ke hone cAhie / inameM R, R, la, lU aura La ye pAMca akSara nahIM ginane caahie| yaha 46 kI saMkhyA isa prakAra hai : R, R, la aura lU ina cAroM svaroM ke atirikta a se lagAkara aH taka ke 12 svara; ka se lagAkara ma taka ke 25 sparzAkSara; ya, ra, la aura va ye 4 aMtastha; za, Sa, sa aura ha ye 4 uSmAkSara; 1kSa = 12 + 25 + 4+4+ 1 = 46 / anupalabdha zAstra: sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga meM kucha aise jainazAstroM ke nAma bhI milate haiM jo

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222 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa vartamAna meM anupalabdha haiM / isI prakAra isameM aMtakRddazA evaM anuttaraupapAtika nAmaka aMgoM ke aise prakaraNoM kA bhI ullekha hai jo ina granthoM ke upalabdha saMskaraNa meM anupalabdha haiM / mAlUma hotA hai yA to nAmoM meM kucha parivartana ho gayA hai yA vAcanA meM antara huA hai| garbhadhAraNa : sthAnAMga, sU. 416 meM batAyA gayA hai ki puruSa ke saMsarga ke binA bhI nimnokta pA~ca kAraNoM se strI garbha dhAraNa kara sakatI hai : (1) jisa sthAna para puruSa kA vIrya par3A ho usa sthAna para strI isa DhaMga se baiThe ki usakI yoni meM vIrya praviSTa ho jAya. (2) vIryasaMsakta vastrAdi dvArA vIrya ke aNu strI kI yoni meM praviSTa ho jAya~, (3) putra kI AkAMkSA se nArI svayaM vIryANuoM ko apanI yoni meM rakhe athavA anya se rakhavAve, (4) vIryANuyukta pAnI pIye, (5) vIryANayukta pAnI meM snAna kre| bhUkampa : ___ sthAnAMga sU. 198 meM bhUkampa ke tIna kAraNa batAye gaye haiM : (1) pRthvI ke nIce ke ghanavAta ke vyAkula hone para ghanodadhi meM tUphAna Ane para, (2) kisI mahAsamartha mahoraga deva' dvArA apanA sAmarthya dikhAne ke lie pRthvI ko cAlita karane para, (3) nAgoM evaM suparNo-garur3oM meM saMgrAma hone pr| nadiyA~ : sthAnAMga, sU. 88 meM bharatakSetra meM bahanevAlI do mahAnadiyoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai : gaMgA aura siMdhu / yahA~ yaha yAda rakhanA cAhie ki gaMgA nAma AryabhASAbhASiyoM ke uccAraNa kA hai| isakA vAstavika nAma to 'khoMga' hai| 'khoMga' zabda tibbatI bhASA kA hai jisakA artha hotA hai nadI / isa zabda kA bhAratIya uccAraNa gaMgA hai| yaha zabda ati lambe kAla se apane mUla artha ko chor3a kara vizeSa nadI ke nAma ke rUpa meM pracalita ho gayA hai| sU0 412 meM gaMgA, yamunA, sarayU, airAvatI aura mahI-ye pAMca nadiyAM mahArNavarUpa arthAt samudra ke samAna kahI gaI haiM / inheM jaina zramaNoM va zramaNiyoM ko mahIne meM do-tIna bAra pAra karane ke lie kahA gayA hai| rAjadhAniyA~: sthAnAMga sU0 718 meM bharatakSetra kI nimnokta dasa rAjadhAniyoM ke nAma ginAye gaye haiM : caMpA, mathurA, vArANasI, zrAvastI, sAketa, hastinApura, 1. eka prakAra kA vyantara deva. 2. bhavanapati devoM kI do jAtiyA~.

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sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga 223 kAMpilya, mithilA, kauzAMbI aura rAjagRha / vRttikAra ne inase sambandhita dezoM ke nAma isa prakAra batAye haiM : aMga, zUrasena, kAzI, kuNAla, kozala, kuru, pAMcAla, videha, vatsa aura magadha / vRttikAra ne yaha bhI likhA hai ki zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko aisI rAjadhAniyoM meM utsarga ke taura para arthAt sAmAnyatayA mahIne meM do-tIna bAra athavA isase adhika praveza nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki vahA~ yauvanasampanna ramaNIya vArAMganAoM evaM anya mohaka tathA vAsanottejaka sAmagrI ke darzana se aneka prakAra ke dUSaNoM ko saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| vRttikAra ne yaha eka vizeSa mahattvapUrNa bAta likhI hai jisakI ora vartamAnakAlIna zramaNasaMgha kA dhyAna AkRSTa honA atyAvazyaka hai| rAjadhAniyA~ to aneka haiM kintu yahA~ dasa kI vivakSA ke kAraNa dasa hI nAma ginAye gaye haiN| vRSTi : isI aMga ke sU0 176 meM alpavRSTi evaM mahAvRSTi ke tIna-tIna kAraNa batalAye gaye haiM : 1. jisa deza athavA pradeza meM jalayoni ke jIva athavA pudgala alpa mAtrA meM hoM vahA~ alpavRSTi hotI hai| 2. jisa deza athavA pradeza meM deva, nAga, yakSa, bhUta Adi kI samyag ArAdhanA na hotI ho vahA~ alpavRSTi hotI hai| 3. jahA~ se jalayoni ke pudgaloM arthAt bAdaloM ko vAyu anyatra khIMca le jAtA hai athavA bikhera detA hai vahA~ alpavRSTi hotI hai| inase ThIka viparIta tIna kAraNoM se bahuvRSTi athavA mahAvRSTi hotI hai| yahAM batAye gaye deva, nAga, yakSa, bhUta Adi ko ArAdhanA rUpa kAraNa kA vRSTi ke sAtha kyA kAryakAraNa sambandha hai, yaha samajha meM nahIM aataa| sambhava hai, isakA sambandha vaidika paramparA kI usa mAnyatA se ho jisameM yajJa dvArA devoM ko prasanna kara unake dvArA meghoM kA prAdurbhAva mAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra ina donoM aMgoM meM aneka viSayoM kA paricaya prApta hotA hai / vRttikAra ne ati parizramapUrvaka ina para vivecana likhA hai| isase sUtroM ko samajhane meM bahuta sahAyatA milatI hai / yadi yaha vRtti na hotI to ina aMgoM ko sampUrNatayA samajhanA azakya nahIM to bhI duHzakya to avazya hotaa| isa dRSTi se vRttikAra kI bahuzrutatA, pravacanabhakti evaM anya paramparA ke granthoM kA upayoga kI vRtti vizeSa prazaMsanIya hai|

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SaSTha prakaraNa vyAkhyAprajJapti pAMcaveM aMga kA nAma viyAhapaNNatti-vyAkhyAprajJapti hai| anya aMgoM kI apekSA adhika vizAla evaM isIlie adhika pUjya hone ke kAraNa isakA dUsarA nAma bhagavatI bhI prasiddha hai / vidyamAna vyAkhyAprajJapti kA graMthAna 15000 zlokapramANa hai / isakA prAkRta nAma viyAhapaNNatti hai kintu lekhakoM-pratilipikAroM kI asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa kahIM-kahIM vivAhapaNNatti tathA vibAhapaNNatti pATha bhI upalabdha hotA hai| isa prakAra viyAhapaNNatti, vivAhapaNNatti evaM vibAhapaNNatti ina tIna pAThoM meM viyAhapaNNatti pATha hI prAmANika evaM pratiSThita hai / jahA~-kahIM yaha nAma saMskRta meM AyA hai, sarvatra vyAkhyAprajJapti zabda kA hI prayoga huA hai| vRttikAra abhayadevasUri ne ina tInoM pAThoM meM se viyAhapaNNatti pATha kI vyAkhyA 1. (a) abhayadevakRta vRttisahita-Agamodaya samiti, bambaI san 1918 1921; dhanapatasiMha banArasa, san 1882; RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI jaina zve0 saMsthA, ratalAma, san 1937-1940 (14 zataka taka). (A) 15 veM zataka kA aMgrejI anuvAda-Hoernle, Appendix to upAsakadazA,Bibliotheca Indica, Calcutta, 1885-1888. (i) SaSTha zataka taka abhayadevakRta vRtti va usake gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha becaradAsa dozI, jinAgama prakAzaka sabhA, bambaI, vi, saM. 19741979; zataka 7-15 mUla va gujarAtI anuvAda-bhagavAnadAsa dozI, gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda, vi. saM. 1985; zataka 16-41 mUla va gujarAtI anuvAda-bhagavAna dAsa dozI, jaina sAhitya prakAzana TrasTa, ahamadAbAda, vi. saM. 1988. (I) bhagavatIsAra : gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda-gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, jaina sAhitya prakAzana samiti, ahamadAbAda, san 1938. (u) hindI viSayAnuvAda (zataka 1-20)-madanakumAra mehatA, zruta-prakAzana mandira, kalakattA, vi. saM. 2011. (U) saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-muni ghAsI lAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, san 1961. (R) hindI anuvAda ke sAtha-amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vi. saM. 2446.

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vyAkhyAprajJapti 225 sarvaprathama karake isa pATha ko vizeSa mahattva diyA hai / vyAkhyAprajJapti zabda kI vyAkhyA vRttikAra ne aneka prakAra se kI hai : 1. vi + A + khyA + pra + jJapti arthAt vividha prakAra se samagratayA kathana kA prakRSTa nirUpaNa / jisa grantha meM kathana kA vividha DhaMga se sampUrNatayA prakRSTa nirUpaNa kiyA gayA ho vaha grantha vyAkhyAprajJapti kahalAtA hai vi vividhAH, A abhividhinA, khyAH khyAnAni bhagavato mahAvIrasya gautamAdivineyAn prati praznita padArtha pratipAdanAni vyAkhyAH tAH prajJApyante prarUpyante bhagavatA sudharmasvAminA jambUnAmAnamabhi yasyAm / 2. vi + AkhyA + prajJapti arthAt vividhatayA kathana kA prajJApana | jisa zAstra meM vividha rUpa se kathana kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA ho usakA nAma hai vyAkhyAprajJapti / vRttikAra ne isa vyAkhyA ko yoM batAyA hai vi vividhatayA vizeSeNa vA AkhyAyante iti vyAkhyAH tAH prajJApyante yasyAm / 3. vyAkhyA + prajJA + Apti athavA Atti arthAt vyAkhyAna kI kuzalatA se prApta hone vAlA athavA grahaNa kiyA jAne vAlA zrutavizeSa vyAkhyAprajJApti athavA vyAkhyAprajJAtti kahalAtA hai / 4. vyAkhyAprajJa + Apti athavA Atti arthAt vyAkhyAna karane meM prajJa arthAt kuzala bhagavAn se gaNadhara ko jisa graMtha dvArA jJAna kI prApti ho athavA kucha grahaNa karane kA avasara mile usakA nAma vyAkhyAprajJApti athavA vyAkhyAprajJAtti hai / vivAhaprajJapti kI vyAkhyA vRttikAra ne isa prakAra kI haiM vi + vAha + prajJapti arthAt vividha pravAhoM kA prajJApana | jisa zAstra meM vividha athavA viziSTa arthapravAhoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA ho usakA nAma hai vivAhaprajJapti - vivAhapaNNatti / isI prakAra vibAghaprajJapti kA artha batAte hue vRttikAra ne likhA hai ki vi arthAt rahita bAgha arthAt bAghA evaM prajJapti arthAt nirUpaNa yAne jisa grantha meM bAdhArahita arthAt pramANa se abAdhita nirUpaNa upalabdha ho usakA nAma vibAghaprajJapti - vibAhapaNatti hai / ina zabdoM meM bhI Apti evaM Atti jor3akara pUrvavat artha samajha lenA cAhie / upalabdha vyAkhyAprajJapti meM jo zailI vidyamAna hai vaha gautama ke praznoM evaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke uttaroM ke rUpa meM hai / yaha zailI ati prAcIna pratIta hotI hai / acelaka paramparA ke graMtha rAjavArtika meM bhaTTa akalaMka ne vyAkhyAprajJapti meM isa prakAra kI zailI hone kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai : evaM hi vyAkhyAprajJaptidaMDakeSu uktam" " iti gautamaprazne bhagavatA uktam ( a0 4, sU0 26, pR0 245 ) / 15

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226 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isa aMga ke prakaraNoM ko 'saya'-'zata' nAma diyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM 'zataka' zabda prasiddha hI hai / yaha 'zata' kA hI rUpa hai| pratyeka prakaraNa ke anta meM 'sayaM samattaM' aisA pATha milatA hai| zata athavA zataka meM uddezaka rUpa upavibhAga hai| aise upavibhAga kucha zatakoM meM dasa-dasa haiM aura kucha meM isase bhI adhika haiM / ikatAlIsaveM zataka meM 196 uddezaka hai| kucha zatarko meM uddezakoM ke sthAna para varga haiM jabaki kucha meM zatanAmaka upavibhAga bhI haiM evaM inakI saMkhyA 114 taka hai| kevala pandrahaveM zataka meM koI upavibhAga nahIM hai| zata athavA zataka kA artha so hotA hai| ina zatakoM meM sau kA koI sambandha dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| yaha zata athavA zataka nAma prastuta graMtha meM rUDha hai / kadAcit kabhI yaha nAma anvartha rahA ho| isa sambandha meM vRttikAra ne koI vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa nahIM kiyA hai| maMgala : bhagavatI ke atirikta aMga athavA aMgabAhma kisI bhI sUtra ke prArambha meM maMgala kA koI vizeSa pATha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| isa pAMcaveM baMga ke prArambha meM 'namo arihaMtANaM' Adi pA~ca pada dekara zAstrakAra ne maMgala kiyA hai / isake bAda namo baMbhIe livIe' dvArA brAhmI lipi ko bhI namaskAra kiyA hai| tadanantara prastuta aMga ke prathama zataka ke uddezakoM meM varNita viSayoM kA nirdeza karanevAlI eka saMgraha-gAthA dI gaI hai / isa gAthA ke bAda 'namo suassa' rUpa eka maMgala aura AtA hai| ise prathama zataka kA maMgala kaha sakate haiN| zataka ke prArambha meM upodghAta hai jisameM rAjagRha nagara, guNazilaka caitya, rAjA zreNika tathA rAnI cillaNA kA ullekha hai / isake bAda bhagavAna mahAvIra tathA unake guNoM kA vistRta varNana hai / tadanantara bhagavAn ke prathama ziSya indrabhUti gautama, unake guNa, zarIra Adi kA vistRta paricaya hai / isake bAda 'iMdrabhUti ne bhagavAn se yoM kahA' isa prakAra ke ullekha ke sAtha isa sUtra meM Ane vAle prathama prazna kI zuruAta hotI hai / vaise to isa sUtra meM aneka prakAra ke prazna va unake uttara haiM kintu adhika bhAga svargoM, sUryo, indroM, asurakumAroM, asurakumArendroM, unakI agramahiSiyoM, unake lokapAloM, narakoM Adi se sambandhita hai / kucha prazna eka hI samAna haiN| unake uttara pUrvavat samajha lene kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| kucha sthAnoM para pannavaNA, jIvAbhigama, naMdo Adi ke samAna tad-tad viSayoM ko samajha lene kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vaise dekhA jAya to prathama zataka vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai / Age ke zatakoM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM prAyaH prathama zataka ke viSayoM kI hI carcA kI gaI hai| kucha sthAnoM para abhyatIthikoM ke mata diye gaye haiM kintu unakA koI vizeSa nAma nahIM batAyA gayA hai| isa aMga meM

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vyAkhyAprajJapti 227 bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke ziSyoM kI carcA bhI AtI hai / unheM pAvapitya kahA gayA hai / isameM zrAvakoM dvArA kI gaI carcA bhI AtI hai / zrAvikA ke rUpa meM to ekamAtra jayaMtI zrAvikA kI hI carcA dikhAI detI hai / isa sUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakAlIna maMkhaliputra gozAla ke viSaya meM vistRta vivecana hai / gozAla ke kucha sahAyakoM ko 'pAsatya' zabda se nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai / cUrNikAra ne inheM pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI kahA hai / praznakAra gautama : sUtra ke prArambha meM jahA~ praznoM kI zuruAta hotI hai vahA~ vRttikAra ke mana meM yaha prazna uThatA hai ki praznakAra gautama svayaM dvAdazAMgI ke vidhAtA haiM, zruta ke samasta viSayoM ke jJAtA haiM tathA saba prakAra ke saMzayoM se rahita haiM / itanA hI nahIM, ye sarvajJa ke samAna haiM tathA mati, zruta, avadhi evaM manaHparyAya jJAna ke dhAraka hai / aisI sthiti meM unakA saMzayayukta sAmAnya jana kI bhAMti prazna pUchanA kahA~ taka yuktisaMgata hai ? isakA uttara vRttikAra isa prakAra dete haiN| 1. gautama kitane hI atizayayukta kyoM na hoM, unase bhUla honA asaMbhava nahIM kyoMki Akhira ve haiM to chadmastha ho / 2. khuda jAnate hue bhI apane jJAna kI avisaMvAditA ke lie prazna pUcha sakate haiM / 3. khuda jAnate hue bhI anya ajJAniyoM ke bodha ke lie pUcha sakate haiM / 4. ziSyoM ko apane vacana meM vizvAsa baiThAne ke lie pUcha sakate haiM / 5. sUtraracanA kI yahI paddhati hai - zAstraracanA kA isI prakAra kA AcAra hai / ina pA~ca hetuoM meM se antima hetu vizeSa yuktiyukta mAlUma hotA hai / praznottara : prathama zataka meM kucha prazna va unake uttara isa prakAra hai -: prazna - kyA pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu evaM vanaspati jIvarUpa haiM ? ina jIvoM kI Ayu kitanI hotI haiM ? uttara - pRthvI kAyarUpa Adi jIva haiM aura unameM se pRthvIkAyarUpa jIvoM kI Ayu kama se kama antarmuhUrta va adhika se adhika bAIsa hajAra varSa kI hotI hai / jalakAya ke jIvoM kI Ayu adhika se adhika sAta hajAra varSa, agnikAya ke jIvoM kI Ayu adhika se adhika tIna ahorAtri, vAyukAya ke jIvoM kI Ayu adhika se adhika tIna hajAra varSaM evaM vanaspatikAya ke jIvoM kI Ayu adhika se adhika dasa hajAra varSa kI hotI hai / ina sabakI kama se kama Ayu antarmuhUrta hai /

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228 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa prazna-pRthvIkAya yAvat vanaspatikAya ke jIva kitane samaya meM zvAsa lete haiN| uttara-vividha samaya meM arthAt vividha rIti se zvAsa lete haiN| prazna-kyA ye saba jIva AhAra lete haiM ? uttara-hA~ ye sabhI jIva AhAra lete haiM / prazna-ye saba jIva kitane samaya meM AhAra grahaNa karate haiM ? uttara-ye saba jIva nirantara AhAra grahaNa karate haiM / ye jIva jina pudgaloM kA AhAra karate haiM ve kAle, nIle, pIle, lAla evaM sapheda hote haiM / ye saba sugandhI bhI hote haiM aura durgandhI bhI / svAda meM saba prakAra ke svAdoM se yukta hote haiM evaM sparza meM saba prakAra ke sparza vAle hote haiM / isI prakAra ke prazna dvIndriya, trIndriya evaM caturindriya sambandhI bhI haiN| prazna-jIva AtmAraMbhI hai, parAraMbhI haiM, ubhayAraMbhI haiM athavA anAraMbhI haiM ? uttara-kucha jIva AtmArambhI bhI haiM, parAraMbhI bhI hai ubhayAraMbhI bhI haiM tathA kucha jIva AtmAraMbhI bhI nahIM haiM, parAraMbhI bhI nahIM haiM aura ubhayAraMbhI bhI nahIM haiM kintu kevala anArambhI haiM / yahA~ Arambha kA artha AsravadvAra sambandhI pravRtti hai| yatanArahita AcaraNa karane vAle samasta jIva ArambhI hI hai| yatanAsahita evaM zastrokta vidhAna ke anusAra AcaraNa karane vAle jIva bhI vaise to ArambhI haiM kintu yatanA kI apekSA se anArambhI hai / siddha AtmAe~ azarIrI hone ke kAraNa anArambhI hI haiM / prazna-kyA asaMyata athavA avirata jIva bhI mRtyu ke bAda deva hote haiM ? uttata- hA~, hote haiN| prazna-yaha kaise ? uttara-jinhoMne bhUkha, pyAsa, DAMsa, macchara Adi ke upasarga anicchA se bhI sahe haiM ve vANavyantara nAmaka devoM kI gati prApta karate haiN| jinhoMne brahmacarya kA anicchA se bhI pAlana kiyA hai isa prakAra kI kulIna bAlavidhavAeM athavA azva Adi prANI devagati prApta karate haiM / jinhoMne anicchApUrvaka bhI zIta, tApa Adi sahana kiyA hai ve bhI devagati prApta karate haiM / prathama zataka ke dvitIya udezaka ke prArambha meM isa prakAra kA upodghAta hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra rAjagRha meM Aye tathA dezanA dii| isake bAda svakRta karma ke vedana kI carcA hai / jIva jisa kisI sukha athavA duHkha kA anubhava karatA hai vaha saba svakRta hI hotA hai, parakRta nhiiN| isa kathana se IzvarAdikartRtva kA nirasana hotA hai|

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vyAkhyAprajJapti 229 devagati : jo asaMyata hai arthAt Upara-Upara se saMyama ke ugra anuSThAnoM kA AcaraNa karane vAle haiM evaM bhItara se kevala mAna-pUjA-pratiSThA ke hI abhilASI hai ve mara kara kama se kama bhavanavAsI nAmaka devagati meM utpanna hote haiM va adhika se adhika aveyaka nAmaka vimAna meM devarUpa se utpanna hote hai| jo saMyama kI adhikAMzatayA nirdoSa ArAdhanA karate haiM ve kama se kama saudharma nAmaka svarga meM va adhika se adhika sarvArthasiddha nAmaka vimAna meM deva hote haiN| jinhoMne saMyama kI virAdhanA kI ho arthAt saMyama kA dUSita DhaMga se pAlana kiyA ho / ve kama se kama bhavanavAsI devayoni meM va adhika se adhika saudharma devaloka meM janma grahaNa karate haiN| jo zrAvaka dharma kA adhikAMzatayA nirdoSa DhaMga se pAlana karate haiM ve kama se kama saudharma devaloka meM va adhika se adhika acyuta vimAna meM devarUpa se utpanna hote haiN| jinhoMne zrAvakadharma kA dUSita DhaMga se pAlana kiyA ho ve kama se kama bhavanavAsI va adhika se adhika jyotiSka deva hote haiN| jo jIva asaMjJI hai arthAt mana-rahita haiM ve paravazatA ke kAraNa duHkha sahana kara bhavanavAsI deva hote haiM athavA vANavyantara kI gati prApta karate haiM / tApasa loga arthAt jo jinapravacana kA pAlana karane vAle nahIM hai ve ghora tapa ke kAraNa kama se kama bhavanavAsI evaM adhika se adhika jyotiSka devoM ko gati prApta karate haiN| jo kAMdapika hai arthAt bahurUpAdi dvArA dUsaroM ko ha~sAne vAle hai ve kevala bAhyarUpa se jaina saMyama kI ArAdhanA kara kama se kama bhavanavAsI evaM adhika se adhika saudharma deva hote haiN| caraka arthAt jora se AvAja lagAkara bhikSA prApta karane vAle tridaMDI, laMgoTadhArI tathA parivrAjaka arthAt kapilamuni ke ziSya kama se kama bhavanavAso deva hote haiM evaM adhika se adhika brahmaloka nAmaka svarga taka pahu~cate haiM / kilviSika arthAt bAhyatayA jaina saMyama kI sAdhanA karate hue bhI jo jJAna kA, jJAnI kA, dharmAcArya kA, sAdhuoM kA avarNavAda yAni nindA karane vAle haiM ve kama se kama bhavanavAsI deva hote haiM evaM adhika se adhika lAMtaka nAmaka svarga taka pahu~cate haiN| jinamArgAnuyAyI tiyaMJca arthAt gAya, baila, ghor3A Adi kama se kama bhavanavAsI devarUpa se utpanna hote haiM evaM adhika se adhika lAMtaka se bhI Age Aye hue sahasrAra nAmaka svarga taka jAte haiM / vattikAra ne batAyA hai ki tiryaJca bhI apanI maryAdA ke anusAra zrAvakavarma kA pAlana kara sakate hai| AjIvika arthAt AjIvika mata ke anuyAyI kama se kama bhavanavAsI deva hote haiM evaM adhika se adhika sahasrAra se bhI Age Aye hue acyuta nAmaka svagaM taka jA sakate haiM / Abhiyogika arthAt jo jaina veSadhArI hote hue bhI maMtra, taMtra, vazIkaraNa Adi kA prayoga karane vAle haiM, sira para vibhUti arthAt vAsakSepa DAlane vAle haiM, pratiSThA ke lie nimittazAstra Adi kA upayoga

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230 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa karane vAle haiM ve kama se kama bhavanavAsI deva hote haiM evaM adhika se adhika acyuta nAmaka svarga meM jAte haiM / svaliMgI arthAt kevala jaina veSa dhAraNa karane vAle samyagdarzanAdi se bhraSTa sAdhu kama se kama bhavanavAsI devarUpa se utpanna hote hai va adhika se adhika graiveyaka vimAna meM deva banate haiM / yaha saba devagati prApta hone kI avasthA meM hI samajhanA cAhie, anivArya rUpa meM arthAt sAmAnya niyama ke taura para nahIM / uparyukta ullekha meM mahAvIra ke samakAlIna AjIvikoM, vaidika paramparA ke tApasoM evaM parivrAjakoM tathA jaina zramaNa-zramaNiyoM evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kA nirdeza hai / isameM kevala eka bauddha paramparA ke bhikSuoM kA koI nAmanirdeza nahIM hai / aisA kyoM ? yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai / yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai ki jo kevala jaina veSadhArI haiM va bAhyatayA jaina anuSThAna karane vAle haiM kintu vastutaH samyagdarzana ra hita haiM ve U~ce se U~ce svarga taka kaise pahu~ca sakate haiM jabaki usI prakAra ke anya veSadhArI mithyAdRSTi vahA~ taka nahIM pahu~ca sakate / tAtparya yaha jAna par3atA hai ki jaina bAhya AcAra kI kaThinatA aura ugratA anya zramaNoM aura parivrAjakoM kI apekSA adhika saMyama pradhAna thI jisameM hiMsA Adi pApAcAra kI bAhyarIti se saMbhAvanA kama thI / ataeva darzanavizuddhi na hone para bhI anya mithyAdRSTi kI apekSA jainazramaNoM ko ucca sthAna diyA gayA hai / kAMkSAmohanIya : nirgrantha zramaNa kAMkSAmohanIya karma kA kisa prakAra vedana karate haiM-- anubhava karate haiM / isakA uttara dete hue sUtrakAra ne Age batAyA hai ki jJAnAntara, darzanAntara, cAritrAntara, liMgAntara, pravacanAntara, prAvacanikAntara, kalpAntara, mArgAntara, matAntara, bhaMgAntara, nayAntara, niyamAntara evaM pramANAntararUpa kAraNoM se zaMkita, kAMkSita, vicikitsita, buddhibheda tathA citta kI kaluSitatA ko prApta nirmantha zramaNa kAMkSAmohanIya karma kA vedana karate haiM / ina kAraNoM kI vyAkhyA vRttikAra ne isa prakAra kI hai jJAnAntara---mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyAya va kevala rUpa pA~ca jJAnoM- -jJAna ke prakAroM ke viSaya meM zaMkA karanA / -- darzanAntara - cakSurdarzana, acakSurdarzana Adi darzana ke avAntara bhedoM ke viSaya meM zraddhA na rakhanA athavA samyaktvarUpa darzana ke aupazamikAdi bhedoM ke viSaya meM zaMkA karanA / cAritrAntara--- sAmAyika, chedopasthApanIya Adi rUpa caritra ke prati saMzaya rakhanA /

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vyAkhyAprajJapti pravacanAntara- - caturyAma evaM paMcayAma ke bheda ke viSaya meM zaMkA karanA / prAvacanikAntara - prAvacanika arthAt pravacana kA jJAtA / prAvacanikoM ke bhinna-bhinna AcAra-pracAroM ke prati zaMkA karanA / kalpAntara--kalpa arthAt AcAra / AcAra ke sacelakatva, acelakatva Adi bhedoM ke prati saMzaya rakhanA / 231 mArgAntara - mArga arthAt paramparA se calI Ane vAlI sAmAcArI | vividha prakAra kI sAmAcArI ke viSaya meM azraddhA rakhanA / matAntara - paramparA se cale Ane vAle mata-matAntaroM ke prati azraddhA rakhanA / niyamAntara-- eka niyama ke antargata anya niyamAntaroM ke prati avizvAsa rakhanA / pramANAntara - - pratyakSarUpa eka pramANa ke atirikta anya pramANoM ke prati vizvAsa na rakhanA / isI prakAra anya kAraNoM ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM bhI samajha lenA cAhiye / roha anagAra ke isa prazna ke uttara meM ki jIva pahale hai yA ajIva, bhagavAn ne batAyA hai ki ina donoM meM se amuka pahale hai aura krama nahIM hai ye donoM padArtha zAzvata hai-- nitya haiM / amuka bAda meM, aisA koI loka kA AdhAra : gautama ke isa prazna ke uttara meM ki samagra loka kisake AdhAra para rahA huA hai, bhagavAn ne batAyA hai ki bAkAza ke AdhAra para vAyu, vAyu ke AdhAra para samudra, samudra ke AdhAra para pRthvI tathA pRthvI ke AdhAra para samasta trasa evaM sthAvara jIva rahe hue haiM / samasta ajIva jIvoM ke AdhAra para rahe hue haiM / loka kA aisA AdhAra - Adheya bhAva hai, yaha kisa AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ? isake uttara meM nimna udAharaNa diyA gayA hai| 1- eka bar3I mazaka meM havA bhara kara Upara se bA~dha dI jAya / bAda meM use bIca se bA~dha kara Upara kA mu~ha khola diyA jAya / isake Upara ke bhAga kI havA nikala jAyagI / phira usa khAlI bhAga meM pAnI bhara kara Upara se mu~ha bA~dha diyA jAya va bIca kI gAMTha khola dI jAya / isase Upara ke bhAga meM bharA huA pAnI nIce bharI huI havA ke AdhAra para TikA rahegA / isI prakAra loka pavana ke AdhAra para rahA huA hai / athavA jaise koI manuSya apanI kamara para havA se bharI huI mazaka bA~dha kara pAnI ke Upara tairatA rahatA hai, DUbatA nahIM usI prakAra vAyu ke AdhAra para samagra loka TikA huA hai / ina udAharaNoM kI parIkSA AsAnI se kI jA sakatI hai /

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232 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pApitya pAzvanAtha kI paramparA ke zramaNoM arthAt pApityoM dvArA pUche gaye kucha prazna prastuta sUtra meM saMgRhIta haiM / kAlAsavesiyaputta nAmaka pAzrvApatya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSyoM se kahate haiM ki he sthaviroM ! Apa loga sAmAyika nahIM jAnate, sAmAyika kA artha nahIM jAnate, pratyAkhyAna nahIM jAnate, pratyAkhyAna kA artha nahIM jAnate, saMyama nahIM jAnate, saMyama kA artha nahIM jAnate, saMvara va saMvara kA artha nahIM jAnate, viveka va viveka kA artha nahIM jAnate, vyutsarga va vyutsarga kA artha nahIM jAnate / yaha sunakara mahAvIra ke ziSya kAlAsavesiyaputta se kahate hai ki he Arya! hama loga sAmAyika Adi va sAmAyika Adi kA artha jAnate hai / yaha suna kara pApitya anagAra ne una sthaviroM se pUchA ki yadi Apa loga yaha saba jAnate haiM to batAie ki sAmAyika Adi kyA hai va sAmAyika Adi kA artha kyA hai ? isakA uttara dete huai ve sthavira kahane lage ki apanI AtmA sAmAyika hai va apanI mAtmA hI sAmAyika kA artha hai| isI prakAra AtmA hI pratyAkhyAna va pratyAkhyAna kA artha hai, ityAdi / yaha sunakara pArvApatya anagAra ne pUchA ki yadi aisA hai to phira Apa loga krodha, mAna, mAyA va lobha kA tyAga karane ke bAda inakI garhA--nindA kyoM karate haiM ? isake uttara meM sthaviroM ne kahA ki saMyama ke lie hama krodhAdi kI gardA karate haiN| yaha suna kara kAlAsavesiyaputta ne pUchA ki gahIM saMyama hai yA agahoM ? sthaviroM ne kahA ki gardA saMyama hai, agahIM saMyama nhiiN| gahI samasta doSoM ko dUra karatI hai evaM usake dvArA hamArI AtmA saMyama meM sthApita hotI hai| isase AtmA meM saMyama kA upacaya arthAt saMgraha hotA hai| yaha saba sunakara kAlAsavesiyaputta ko saMtoSa huA aura unhoMne mahAvIra ke sthaviroM ko vaMdana kiyA, namana kiyA va yaha svIkAra kiyA ki sAmAyika se lekara vyutsarga tathA gIM taka ke saba padoM kA mujhe aisA jJAna nahIM hai| maiMne isa viSaya meM aisA vivecana bhI nahIM sunA hai / ina saba padoM kA mujhe jJAna nahIM hai, abhigama nahIM hai ataH ye saba pada mere lie adRSTa hai, azrutapUrva haiM, asmRtapUrva haiM, avijJAta haiM, avyAkRta haiM, apathakkRta hai, anuddhRta haiM, anavadhArita hai| isIlie jaisA Apane kahA vaisI mujhe zraddhA na thI, pratIti na thI, ruci na thii| aba ApakI batAI huI sArI bAteM merI samajha meM A gaI hai evaM vaisI hI merI zraddhA, pratIti va ruci ho gaI hai / yaha kaha kara kAlAsavesiyapuyatta ne una sthaviroM kI paramparA meM mila jAne kA apanA vicAra vyakta kiyaa| sthaviroM kI anumati se ve unameM mila gaye evaM nagnabhAva, muDabhAva, asnAna, adantadhAvana, achatra, anupAnahatA ( jUte kA tyAga ), bhUmizayyA, brahmacaryavAsa, kezaloca, bhikSAgrahaNa Adi niyamoM kA pAlana kara siddha, buddha, mukta hue /

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vyAkhyAprajJapti 233 isa ullekha se yaha spaSTa mAlUma hotA hai ki zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra va zramaNa bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paramparAoM ke bIca vizeSa bheda thA / inake sAdhu eka-dUsare kI mAnyatAoM se aparicita the / inameM paraspara vaMdana vyavahAra bhI na thA / sUtrakRtAMga ke vIrastuti adhyayana meM spaSTa batAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn - mahAvIra ne strItyAga evaM rAtribhojana viramaNa rUpa do niyama naye bar3hAye the / pAMcaveM zataka meM bhI pAzrvApatya sthaviroM kI carcA AtI hai / usameM yaha -batAyA gayA hai ki pAvapatya bhagavAn mahAvora ke pAsa Akara binA vaMdanAnamaskAra kiye hI athavA anya kisI prakAra se vinaya kA bhAva dikhAye binA hI unase pUchate haiM ki asaMkhyeya loka meM rAtri va divasa ananta hote haiM athavA parimita ? bhagavAn donoM vikalpoM kA uttara hA~ meM dete haiM / isakA artha yaha hai ki asaMkhya loka meM rAtri va divasa ananta bhI hote haiM aura parimita bhI / taba ve pAvapatya bhagavAn se pUchate haiM ki yaha kaise ? isake uttara meM mahAvIra kahate haiM ki Apake puruSAdAnIya pArzva ahaMt ne loka ko zAzvata kahA hai, anAdi kahA hai, ananta kahA hai tathA parimita bhI kahA hai / isalie usameM rAtri - divasa ananta bhI hote haiM tathA parimita bhI / yaha sunakara una pAzrvApatyoM ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ko sarvajJa evaM sarvadarzI ke rUpa meM pahacAnA, unheM vandanA - namaskAra kiyA evaM unakI paramparA ko svIkAra kiyA / isa ullekha se yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra va pArzvanAtha eka hI paramparA ke tIrthaMkara haiM, yaha tathya pAzvapatyoM ko jJAta na thA / isI prakAra kA eka ullekha naveM zataka meM bhI AtA hai / gAMgeya nAmaka pAvapatya anagAra ne binA vaMdanA - namaskAra kiye ho bhagavAn mahAvIra se narakAdi viSayaka kucha prazna pUche jinakA mahAvIra ne uttara diyaa| isake bAda hI gAMgeya - se bhagavAn ko sarvajJa sarvadarzI ke rUpa meM pahacAnA / isake pUrva unheM isa bAta kA patA na thA athavA nizcaya na thA ki mahAvIra tIrthaMkara haiM, kevalI haiM / vanaspatikAya: zataka sAtaveM va AThaveM meM vanaspatisambandhI vivecana hai| sAtaveM zataka ke - tRtIya uddezaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki vanaspatikAya ke jIva kisa Rtu meM adhika se adhika AhAra grahaNa karate haiM va kisa Rtu meM kama se kama AhAra lete haiM ? prAvRRtu meM arthAt zrAvaNa bhAdrapada meM tathA varSARtu me arthAt Azvina - kArtika meM vanaspatikAyika jIva adhika se adhika AhAra lete haiM / zara Rtu, hemaMta Rtu, vasanta Rtu evaM grISmaRtu meM inakA AhAra uttarottara kama hotA jAtA hai

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234 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa arthAt grISmaRtu meM vanaspatikAyika jIva kama se kama AhAra grahaNa karate haiM / yaha kathana vartamAna vijJAna kI dRSTi se vicAraNIya hai| isI udadezaka meM Age batAyA gayA hai ki AlU Adi ananta jIvavAle vanaspatikAyika hai| yahA~ mUla meM 'Alua' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yaha AlU athavA Aluka nAmaka vanaspati vartamAna meM pracalita Ala se milatI-julatI eka bhinna prakAra kI vanaspati mAlUma par3atI haiM kyoMki usa samaya bhArata meM AlU kI khetI hotI thI athavA nahIM, yaha nizcita nahIM hai| prasaMgavazAt yaha kahanA bhI anucita na hogA ki AlU mUMgaphalI kI hI taraha DAliyoM para lagane ke kAraNa kaMdamUla meM nahIM gine jA skte| bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke jamAne meM yugalika loga kaMdAhArI-mUlAhArI hote the phira bhI ve svarga meM jAte the| kyA ve kaMda aura mUla vartamAna kaMda va mUla se bhinna taraha ke hote the? vastutaH sadgati kA sambandha mUlaguNoM ke pAlana se arthAt jIvanazuddhi se hai, na ki kaMdAdi ke bhakSaNa aura abhakSaNa se / jIva kI samAnatA : sAtaveM zataka ke AThaveM uddezaka meM bhagavAn ne batAyA hai ki hAthI aura kuMthu kA jIva samAna hai| vizeSa varNana ke lie sUtrakAra ne rAyapaseNaijja sUtra dekhane kI sUcanA dI hai| rAyapaseNaijja meM kezikumAra zramaNa ne rAjA paesI ke sAtha AtmA ke svatantra astitva ke viSaya meM carcA kI hai| usa prasaMga para eka prazna ke uttara meM dIpaka ke prakAza kA udAharaNa dekara hAthI aura kuthu ke jIva kI samAnatA samajhAI gaI hai| isase jIva kI saMkucana-prasAraNazIlatA siddha hotI hai| kevalI: chaThe zataka ke dasaveM uddezaka meM eka prazna hai ki kyA kevalI iMdriyoM dvArA jAnatA hai, dekhatA hai ? uttara meM batAyA gayA hai ki nahIM, aisA nahIM hotaa| aThArahaveM zataka ke sAtaveM uddezaka meM eka prazna hai ki jaba kevalI ke zarIra meM yakSa kA Aveza AtA hai taba kyA vaha anyatIthikoM ke kathanAnusAra do bhASAe~-asatya aura satyAsatya bolatA hai ? isakA uttara dete hue batAyA gayA hai ki anyatIthikoM kA yaha kathana mithyA hai| kevalI ke zarIra meM yakSa kA Aveza nahIM AtA ataH yakSa ke Aveza se AveSTita hokara vaha isa prakAra kI do bhASAe~ nahIM boltaa| kevalI sadA satya aura asatyamRSA-isa prakAra kI do bhASAeM bolatA hai| zvAsocchvAsa dvitIya zataka ke prathama uddezaka meM prazna hai ki dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya jIvoM kI taraha kyA pRthvIkAyika Adi ekendriya

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vyAkhyAprajJapti 235 jIva bhI zvAsocchavAsa lete haiM ? uttara meM batAyA gayA hai ki hAM, lete haiM / kyA vAyukAya ke jIva bhI vAyukAya ko hI zvAsocchvAsa ke rUpa meM grahaNa karate haiM ? yahAM para vRttikAra ne yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki jo vAyukAya zvAsocchvAsa ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha cetanA nahIM apitu jaDa arthAt pudgalarUpa hotA hai / usakI svatantra vargaNAeM hotI haiM jinheM zvAsocchvAsa-vargaNA kahate haiN| jamAli-carita: naveM zataka ke taiMtIsaveM uddezaka meM jamAli kA pUrA caritra hai| usameM use brAhmaNakuMDagrAma se pazcima meM sthita kSatriyakuMDagrAma kA nivAsI kSatriyakumAra batAyA gayA hai tathA usake mAtA-pitA kA nAma nahIM diyA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke usake nagara meM Ane para vaha unake darzana ke lie gayA evaM bodha prApta kara bhagavAn kA ziSya banA / bAda meM usakA bhagavAn ke amuka vicAroM se virodha hone para unase alaga ho gyaa| isa pUre varNana meM kahIM bhI yaha ullekha nahIM hai ki jamAli mahAvIra kA jAmAtA thA athavA unakI kanyA se usakA vivAha huA thaa| jaba vaha dIkSA grahaNa karatA hai taba rajoharaNa va paDiggaha arthAt pAtra ye do upakaraNa hI letA hai| muhapattI Adi kinhIM bhI anya upakaraNoM kA inake sAtha ullekha nahIM hai / jaba jamAli bhagavAn se alaga hotA hai aura unake amuka vicAroM se bhinna prakAra ke vicAroM kA pracAra karatA hai taba vaha apane Apa ko jina evaM kevalI kahatA hai tathA mahAvIra ke anya chadmastha ziSyoM se khuda ko bhinna mAnatA hai| isase anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki 'jina' aura 'kevalI' zabda kA prayoga usa samaya ke vicAraka kisa DhaMga se karate the| mahAvIra se alaga hokara apanI bhinna vicAradhArA kA pracAra karane vAlA gozAlaka bhI mahAvIra se yahI kahatA thA ki maiM jina hU~, kevalI hai evaM Apake ziSya gozAlAka se bhinna huuN| jaba jamAli yoM kahatA hai ki aba maiM jina hU~, kevalI hU~ taba mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSya indrabhUti gautama jamAli se kahate haiM ki kevalo kA jJAna-darzana to parvatAdi se nirUddha nahIM hotaa| yadi tuma sacamuca kevalI athavA jina ho to mere ina do praznoM ke uttara do-yaha loka zAzvata hai athavA azAzvata ? yaha jIva zAzvata hai ' athavA azAzvata ? ye prazna sunakara jamAli nirUttara ho gyaa| yaha dekha kara bhagavAn mahAvIra jamAli se kahane lage ki mere aneka ziSya jo ki chadmastha haiM. ina praznoM ke uttara de sakate haiN| phira bhI ve tumhArI taraha yoM nahIM kahate ki hama jina hai, kevalI haiM / anta meM jaba jamAli mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai taba gautama bhagavAn se pUchate haiM ki ApakA jamAli nAmaka kuziSya marakara kisa gati meM gayA ? isakA uttara dete hue mahAvIra kahate haiM ki merA kuziSya anagAra jamAli marakara adhama jAti kI

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236 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa devagati meM gayA hai / vaha saMsAra meM ghUmatA ghUmatA anta meM siddha hogA, buddha hogA, mukta hogA / zivarAjarSi : gyArahaveM zataka ke naveM uddezaka meM hatthinAgapura ke rAjA ziva kA varNana hai / isa rAjA ko itihAsa kI dRSTi se dekhA jAya athavA kevala daMtakathA kI dRSTi se, isakA nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isake sAmaMta rAjA bhI the, aisA ullekha milatA hai| isase anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha koI viziSTa rAjA rahA hogaa| ise tApasa hone kI icchA hotI hai ataH apane putra zivabhadra ko gaddI para baiThAkara svayaM dizAprokSaka paramparA kI dIkSA svIkAra karane ke lie gaMgA ke kinAre rahane vAle vAnaprastha tApasoM ke pAsa AtA hai evaM usase dIkSA letA hai / dIkSA lete hI vaha niraMntara SaSTha tapa karane kI pratijJA karatA hai / isa tapa ke sAtha vaha roja AtApanAbhUmi para AtApanA letA hai / usakI nitya kI carcA isa prakAra batAI gaI hai: SaSTha tapa ke pAraNA ke dina vaha AtApanA - bhUmi se utara kara nIce AtA hai, vRkSa kI chAla ke kapar3e pahanatA hai, apanI jhopar3I meM AtA hai phira kiThiNa arthAt bAMsa kA pAtra evaM saMkAiyakAyika arthAt kAvar3a grahaNa karatA hai / bAda meM pUrvadizA kA prokSaNa ( pAnI kA chir3akAva ) karatA hai evaM 'pUrvadizA ke soma mahArAja dharma-sAdhanA meM pravRtta zivarAja kI rakSA kareM va pUrva meM rahe hue kaMda, mUla, patra, puSpa, phala Adi lene kI anumati deM' yoM kahakara pUrva meM jAkara kaMdAdi se apanA kAvar3a bharatA hai / bAda meM zAkhA, kuza, samighA, patra Adi lekara apanI jhoMpar3I meM AtA hai / Akara kAvar3a Adi rakhakara vedikA ko sApha kara pAnI va gobara se putAI karatA hai / bAda meM hAtha meM zAkhA va kalaza lekara gaMgAnadI meM utaratA hai, snAna karatA hai, devakarmapitRkarma karatA hai, zAkhA va pAnI se bharA kalaza lekara apanI jhopar3I meM AtA hai, kuza Adi dvArA vedikA banAtA hai, araNi ko ghisakara agni prakaTa karatA hai, samidhA Adi jalAtA hai va agni kI dAhinI ora nimnokta sAta vastue~ rakhatA hai : sakathA ( tApasa kA eka upakaraNa ) valkala, ThANa arthAt dIpa, zayyopakaraNa, kamaNDala, daNDa aura sAtavAM vaha khuda / tadanantara madhu, ghI aura cAvala agni meM homa karatA hai, carubali taiyAra karatA hai, carubali dvArA vaizvadeva banAtA hai, atithi kI pUjA karatA hai aura bAda meM bhojana karatA hai / isI prakAra dakSiNa dizA ke yama mahArAja kI, pazcima dizA ke varuNa mahArAja kI evaM uttara dizA ke vaizramaNa mahArAja kI anumati lekara upayukta saba kriyAe~ karatA hai / ye zivarAjarSi yoM kahate the ki yaha pRthvI sAta dvIpa va sAta samudra vAlI haiM / isake bAda kucha nahIM hai / jaba inheM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke Agamana kA patA

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vyAkhyAprajJapti 237 lagatA hai taba ye unake pAsa jAkara unakA upadeza sunakara unake ziSya ho jAte haiM / gyAraha aMga par3hakara anta meM nirvANa prApta karate haiN| parivrAjaka tApasa: jaise isa sUtra meM kaI tApasoM kA varNana AtA hai vaise hI aupapAtika sUtra meM parivrAjaka tApasoM ke aneka prakAra batAye gaye haiM, yathA-agnihotrIya, pottiyaluMgI pahanane vAle, kottiya-jamIna para sone vAle, jannaI-yajJa karane vAle, huMbauTTha-kuMDI rakhane vAle zramaNa, daMtukkhaliya-dAMtoM se kacce phala khAne vAle, ummajjaga-kevala DubakI lagAkara snAna karane vAle, saMmajjaga-bAra-bAra DubakI lagAkara snAna karane vAle, nimajjaga-snAna ke lie pAnI meM lambe samaya taka par3e rahane vAle, saMpakkhAlaga-zarIra para miTTI ghisa kara snAna karane vAle, dakkhiNakUlaga-gaMgA ke dakSiNI kinAre rahane vAle, uttarakUlaga-gaMgA ke uttarI kinAre rahane vAle, saMkhadhamaga-atithi ko khAne ke lie nimantrita karane hetu zaMkha phUkane vAle, kUlaghamaga--kinAre para khar3e raha kara atithi ke lie AvAja lagAne vAle, miyaluddhaya-mRgalubdhaka, hastitApasa-hAthI ko mArakara usase jIvananirvAha karane vAle, udaMDaka-daNDa U~cA rakhakara phirane vAle, dizAprokSaka-pAnI dvArA dizA kA prokSaNakara-phala lene vAle, valkavAsI-valkala pahanane vAle celavAsIkapar3A pahanane vAle, velavAsI-samudra-taTa para rahane vAle, jalavAsI-pAnI meM baiThe rahane vAle, bilavAsI--biloM meM rahane vAle, binA snAna kie na khAne vAle, vRkSamUlika--vRkSa ke mUla ke pAsa rahane vAle, jalabhakSI kevala pAnI pIne vAle, vAyubhakSI-kevala havA khAne vAle, zaivAlabhakSI, mUlAhArI, kaMdAhArI tvagAhArI phalAhArI, puSpAhArI, bIjAhAro, paMcAgni tapane vAle Adi / yahA~ yaha yAda rakhanA jarUrI hai ki ye kandahArI tApasa bhI mara kara svarga meM jAte haiN| vyAkhyAprajJapti meM zivarAjarSi kI hI taraha skanda, tAmila, pUraNa, pudgala Adi tApasoM kA bhI varNana AtA hai| isameM dAnAmA aura prANAmA rUpa do tApasI dIkSAoM kA bhI ullekha hai / dAnAmA arthAt bhikSA lAkara dAna karane ke AcAravAlI pravrajyA aura prANAmA arthAt prANimAtra ko praNAma karate rahane kI pravrajyA / ina tApasoM meM se kucha ne svarga prApta kiyA hai tathA kucha ne indrapada bhI pAyA hai / isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki svarga prApti ke lie kaSTamaya tapa kI AvazyakatA hai na ki yajJayAgAdi kii| yaha batAne ke lie prastuta sUtra meM bAra-bAra devoM va asuroM kA varNana diyA gayA hai| isI dRSTi se sUtrakAra ne devAsura saMgrAma kA varNana bhI kiyA hai / isa saMgrAma meM devendra zakra se bhayabhIta huA asurendra camara bhagavAn mahAvIra kI zaraNa meM jAne ke kAraNa baca jAtA hai /

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238 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa yaha saMgrAma vaidika devAsura saMgrAma kA anukaraNa pratIta hotA hai / saMgrAma kA jo kAraNa batAyA gayA hai vaha atyanta vilakSaNa hai| isase yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki indra jaisA sabala evaM samartha vyakti bhI kisa prakAra kASAyika vRttiyoM kA zikAra banakara pAmara prANo kI bhA~ti AcaraNa karane lagatA hai| svarga kI jo ghaTanAe~ bAra-bAra AtI hai unheM par3hane se yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki svarma ke prANI kitane adhama, cora, asadAcArI evaM kalahapriya hote haiN| ina saba ghaTanAoM kA artha yahI hai ki svarga vAMchanIya nahIM hai apitu mokSa vAMchanIya hai| zuddha saMyama kA phala nirvANa hai jabaki dUSita saMyama se svarga kI prApti hotI hai / svarga kA kAraNa yajJAdi na hokara ahiMsApradhAna AcaraNa hI hai / svarga bhI nirvANa prApti meM eka bAdhA hai jise dUra karanA Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra jaina nirgranthoM ne svarga ke sthAna para mokSa ko pratiSThita kara hiMsA athavA bhoga ke bajAya ahiMsA athavA tyAga kI pratiSThA kI hai| svarga : svarga ke varNana meM vastra, alaMkAra, graMtha, pAtra, pratimAeM Adi ullikhita haiM / vimAnoM kI racanA meM vividha ratnoM, maNiyoM evaM bahumUlya padArthoM kA upayoga batAyA gayA hai| isI prakAra stambha, vedikA, chappara, dvAra, khir3akI, jhUlA, khUTI Adi kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ye saba cIjeM svarga meM kahA~ se AtI hai ? kyA yaha isI saMsAra ke padArthoM kI kalpita nakala nahIM hai ? svarga laukika Anandopabhoga evaM viSayavilAsa kI utkRSTatama sAmagrI kI uccatama kalpanA kA zreSThatama namUnA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM eka mAnyatA yaha thI ki yuddha karane vAle svarga meM jAte haiN| vyAkhyAprajJapti (zataka 7, uddezaka 9) meM isa sambandha meM batAyA gayA hai ki saMgrAma karane vAle ko saMgrAma karane se svarga prApta nahIM hotA apitu nyAyapUrvaka saMgrAma karane ke bAda jo saMgrAmakartA apane duSkRtyoM ke lie pazcAttApa karatA hai tathA usa pazcAttApa ke kAraNa jisakI AtmA zuddha hotI hai vaha svarga meM jAtA hai| isakA artha yaha nahIM ki kevala saMgrAma karane se kisI ko svarga mila jAtA hai| gItA (adhyAya 2, zloka 37) ke 'hato vA prApsyasi svargam' kA rahasyodghATana vyAkhyAprajJapti ke isa kathana meM kitane suMdara DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai / devabhASA: mahAvIra ke samaya meM bhASA ke sambandha meM bhI bahuta mithyAdhAraNA phailI huI thii| amuka bhASA devabhASA hai aura amuka bhASA apabhraSTa bhASA hai tathA devabhASA bolane se puNya hotA hai aura apabhraSTa bhASA bolane se pApa hotA hai, isa prakAra

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vyAkhyAprajJapti 239 kI mAnyatA ne logoM ke diloM meM ghara kara rakhA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne spaSTa kahA ki bhASA kA puNya va pApa se koI sambandha nahIM hai / bhASA to kevala bolacAla ke vyavahAra kA eka sAdhana arthAt mAdhyama hai| manuSya cAhe koI bhI bhASA bole, yadi usakA cAritra-AcaraNa zuddha hogA to usake jIvana kA vikAsa hogaa| vyAkhyAprajJapti ke pAMcaveM zataka ke cauthe uddezaka meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki deva ardhamAgadhI bhASA bolate haiM / devoM dvArA bolI jAne vAlI bhASAoM meM ardhamAgadhI bhASA viziSTa hai yadyapi yahA~ yaha pratipAdita nahIM kiyA gayA hai ki ardhamAgadhI bhASA bolane se puNya hotA hai athavA jovana kI zuddhi hotI hai| vaidikoM evaM jainoM kI taraha anya sampradAya vAle bhI devoM kI viziSTa bhASA mAnate hai| IsAI devoM kI bhASA hibru mAnate haiM jabaki musalamAna devoM kI bhASA arabI mAnate haiN| isa prakAra prAyaH pratyeka sampradAya vAle apane-apane zAstra ko bhASA ko devabhASA kahate haiN| gozAlaka : ___paMdrahaveM zataka meM maMkhaliputra gozAlaka kA vistRta varNana hai| gozAlaka ke lie maMkhaliputra evaM makkhaliputra ina donoM zabdoM kA prayoga hotA rahA hai| jaina zAstroM meM maMkha liputra zabda pracalita hai jabaki bauddha paramparA meM makkhaliputra zabda kA prayoga haA hai| hAtha meM citrapaTa lekara unake dvArA logoM ko upadeza dekara apanI AjIvikA calAne vAle bhikSuka jaina paramparA meM 'maMkha' kahe gaye haiN| prastuta zataka ke anusAra gozAlaka' kA janma saravaNa nAmaka grAma meM rahane vAle vedavizArada gobahula brAhmaNa ko gozAlA meM huA thA aura isIlie usake pitA maMkhali maMkha evaM mAtA bhadrA ne apane putra kA nAma gozAlaka rkhaa| gozAlaka jaba yuvA huA evaM jJAna-vijJAna dvArA paripakva huA taba usane apane pitA kA dhaMdhA maMkhapanA svIkAra kiyaa| gozAlaka svayaM gRhasthAzrama meM thA yA nahIM, isake viSaya meM prastuta prakaraNa meM koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM haiN| cUMki vaha nagna rahatA thA isase mAlUma hotA hai ki vaha gRhasthAzrama meM na rahA ho| jaba mahAvIra dIkSita hone ke bAda dUsare cAturmAsa meM ghUmate-phirate rAjagRha ke bAhara nAlandA meM Aye evaM bunakara-vAsa meM Thahare taba vahIM unake pAsa hI maMkhaliputra gozAlaka bhI ThaharA huA thaa| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki maMkha bhikSuoM kI paramparA mahAvIra ke dIkSita hone ke pUrva bhI vidyamAna thii| 1. mahAvIracariyaM meM gozAlaka ke vRttAMta ke lie eka naI hI kalpanA batAI hai / dekhie-mahAvIracariyaM, SaSTha prastAva.

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240 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa mahAvIra dIkSita hone ke bAda bAraha varSa paryanta kaThora tapaHsAdhanA karate rhe| isake bAda arthAt bayAlIsa varSa kI Ayu meM vItarAga hue-kevalI hue| isake bAda ghUmate-ghUmate caudaha varSa meM zrAvastI nagarI meM aaye| isI samaya maMkhaliputra gozAlaka bhI ghUmatA-phiratA vahA~ A phuNcaa| isa prakAra gozAlaka kA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtha chappana varSa kI Ayu meM punaH milApa huaa| isa zataka meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki kevalI hone ke pUrva rAjagRha meM mahAvIra ke camatkArika prabhAva se AkarSita hokara jaba gozAlaka ne unase khuda apane ziSya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane kI prArthanA kI taba ve mauna rhe| bAda meM jaba mahAvIra ghUmate-ghUmate kollAka sanniveza meM pahuMce taba vaha phira unheM DhUMr3hatA-DhUMr3hatA vahA~ jA pahu~cA evaM unase punaH apanA ziSya banA lene kI prArthanA kii| isa bAra mahAvIra ne usakI prArthanA svIkAra kara lii| bAda meM ve donoM chaH varSa taka sAtha phirate rhe| isa samaya eka prasaMga para gozAlaka ne mahAvIra ke pAsa zItalezyA hone kI bAta jAnI evaM tejolezyA ke viSaya meM bhI jAnakArI prApta kii| usane mahAvIra se tejolezyA kI labdhi prApta karane kA upAya pUchA / mahAvIra se etadviSayaka vidhi jAna kara usane vaha labdhi prApta kii| bAda meM vaha mahAvIra se alaga hokara vicarane lgaa| maMkhaliputra gozAlaka jaba zrAvastI meM apanI ananya upAsikA hAlAhalA kumhArina ke yahA~ ThaharA huA thA usa samaya usakI dIkSAparyAya caubIsa varSa kI thii| yaha dokSAparyAya kauna-sI samajhanI cAhie ? isa sambandha meM mUla sUtra meM koI spaSTIkaraNa nahIM hai| sambhavataH yaha dIkSAparyAya mahAvIra se alaga hone ke bAda kI hai jabaki isane apane naye mata kA pracAra zurU kiyaa| isa dIkSA-paryAya kI spaSTatA ke viSaya meM paM0 kalyANavijayajIkRta 'zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra, dekhanA Avazyaka hai| mAlUma hotA hai bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSya indrabhUti gautama ko isa maMkhaparamparA evaM maMkhaliputra gozAlaka kA vizeSa paricaya na thaa| isIlie ve bhagavAn se maMkhaliputra kA atha se iti taka vRttAnta kahane kI prArthanA karate haiN| usa samaya niyativAdI gozAlaka jina, kevalI evaM arhat ke rUpa meM prasiddha thaa| vaha AjIvika paramparA kA pramukha AcArya thaa| usakA ziSyaparivAra tathA upAsakavarga bhI vizAla thaa| __ gozAlaka ke viSaya meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki nimnokta cha: dizAcara gozAlaka se mile evaM usake sAthI ke rUpa meM rahane lage : zAna, kalaMda, kaNikAra, achidra, agnivezyAna aura gomAyuputra arjuna / ina dizAcaroM ke viSaya meM

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vyAkhyAprajJapti 241 TIkAkAra kahate haiM ki ye bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pathabhraSTa ziSya the| cUNikAra kA kathana hai ki ye cha: dizAcara pAsattha arthAt pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke the| AvazyakacUNi meM jahA~ mahAvIra ke caritra kA varNana hai vahA~ gozAlaka kA caritra bhI diyA huA hai / yaha caritra bahuta ho hAsyAspada evaM vilakSaNa hai| vAyukAya va agnikAya : __solahaveM zataka ke prathama uddezaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki adhikaraNI arthAt eraNa para hathaur3A mArate hue vAyukAya utpanna hotA hai| vAyukAya ke jIva anya padArthoM kA saMsparza hone para hI marate haiM, saMsparza ke binA nahIM / sigar3I ( aMgArakArikA-iMgAlakAriyA) meM agnikAya ke jIva jaghanya antarmuhUrta evaM utkRSTa tona rAtri-divasa taka rahate haiN| vahA~ vAyukAyika jIva bhI utpanna hote haiM evaM rahate haiM kyoMki vAyu ke binA agni prajvalita nahIM hotii| jarA va zoka : dvitIya uddezaka meM jarA va zoka ke viSaya meM praznottara haiN| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki jina jIvoM ke sthUla mana nahIM hotA unheM zoka nahIM hotA kintu jarA to hotI hI hai| jina jIvoM ke sthUla mana hotA hai unheM zoka bhI hotA hai aura jarA bhii| yahA~ para bhavanapati va vaimAnika devoM ke bhI jarA va zoka hone kA spaSTa ullekha hai| isa prakAra jaina AgamoM ke anusAra deva bhI jarA va zoka se mukta nahIM haiN| sAvadha va niravadya bhASA: isa prazna ke uttara meM ki devendra-devarAja zakra sAvadha bhASA bolatA hai athavA niravadya, bhagavAn mahAvIra ne batAyA hai jaba zaka 'suhumakAyaM NihittA' arthAt sUkSmakAya ko DhaMka kara bolatA hai taba niravadya-niSpApa bhASA bolatA hai tathA jaba vaha 'suhumakAyaM aNijUhittA' arthAt sUkSmakAya ko binA DhaMke bolatA hai, taba sAvadya-sapApa bhASA bolatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki hAtha athavA vastra dvArA mukha DhaMka kara bolane vAle kI bhASA niSpApa arthAt nirdoSa hotI hai jaba ki mukha ko DhaMke binA bolane vAle kI bhASA sapApa arthAt sadoSa hotI hai| isase bolane kI eka janAbhimata viziSTa paddhati kA patA lagatA hai / samyagdRSTi va mithyAdRSTi deva : paMcama uddezaka meM ulluyatIra nAmaka nagara ke eka jaMbU nAmaka caitya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke Agamana kA ullekha hai / isa prakaraNa meM bhagavAn ne zakrendra ke prazna ke uttara meM batAyA hai ki mahARddhisampanna yAvat mahAsukhasampanna deva bhI bAhya

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242 jaina sAhitya kA bhad itihAsa pudgaloM ko grahaNa kiye binA Ane-jAne, bolane, A~kha kholane, A~kha baMda karane, aMgoMko saMkucita karane va phailAne tathA viSayabhoga karane meM samartha nhiiN| bAhya pudgaloM ko grahaNa kara hI vaha ye saba kArya kara sakatA hai| isake bAda mahAzukrakalpa nAmaka svarga meM rahane vAle do devoM ke vivAda kA varNana hai : eka deva samyagdRSTi hai aura dUsarA mithyAdRSTi / isa vivAda meM samyagdRSTi arthAt jaina deva ne mithyA dRSTi arthAt ajaina deva ko parAjita kiyaa| vivAda kA viSaya pudgala pariNAma kahA gayA hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki svargavAsI deva bhI pudgala-pariNAma Adi kI carcA karate haiN| samyagadRSTi deva kA nAma gaMgadatta batAyA gayA hai| yaha usake pUrva janma kA nAma hai / deva hone ke bAda bhI pUrva janma kA hI nAma calatA hai, aisI jaina paramparA kI mAnyatA hai| prastuta prakaraNa meM gaMgadatta deva kA pUrva janma mAnate hue kahA gayA hai ki vaha hastinApura nivAsI eka gRhapati thA evaM tIrthaMkara munisuvrata ke pAsa dIkSita huA thaa| svapna : chaThe uddezaka meM svapna sambandhI carcA hai| bhagavAn kahate haiM ki eka svapna yathArtha hotA hai arthAt jaisA svapna dekhA ho vaisA hI phala milatA hai / dUsarA svapna ati vistArayukta hotA hai yaha yathArtha hotA bhI hai aura nahIM bhii| tIsarA cintAsvapna hotA hai arthAt jAgrata avasthA kI cintA svapnarUpa meM prakaTa hotI hai| cauthA viparItasvapna hotA hai arthAt jaisA svapna dekhA ho usase viparIta phala milatA hai| pAMcavAM avyaktasvapna hotA hai arthAt svapnadarzana meM aspaSTatA hotI hai| Age batAyA gayA hai ki pUrA soyA huA athavA jagatA huA vyakti svapna nahIM dekha sakatA apitu kucha soyA huA va kucha jagatA huA vyakti hI svapna dekha sakatA hai / saMvRta, asaMvRtta va saMvRtAsaMvRta ye tInoM hI jova svapna dekhate haiM / inameM se saMvRta kA svapna yathArtha hI hotA hai| asaMvRta va saMvRtAsa vRta kA svapna yathArtha bhI ho sakatA hai aura ayathArtha bhii| sAdhAraNa svapna 42 prakAra ke haiM aura mahAsvapna 30 prakAra ke haiN| isa prakAra kula 72 prakAra ke svapna hote haiM / jaba tIrthaMkara kA jIva mAtA ke garbha meM AtA hai taba vaha cauhada mahAsvapna dekhakara jAgatI hai| isI prakAra cakravartI kI mAtA ke viSaya meM bhI samajhanA cAhie / vAsudeva kI mAtA sAta, baladeva kI mAtA cAra aura mANDalika rAjA kI mAtA eka svapna dekhakara jAgatI hai| zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne chadmastha avasthA meM eka rAtri ke antima prahara meM dasa mahAsvapna dekhe the| prastuta uddezaka meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki strI athavA puruSa amuka svapna dekhe to use amuka phala milatA hai / isa carcA se yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki jaina agaMzAstroM meM svapna vidyA ko bhI acchA sthAna milA hai|

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vyAkhyAprajJapti koNika kA pradhAna hAthI : satrahaveM zataka ke prathama uddezaka ke prAraMbha meM rAjA koNika ke mukhya hAthI ke viSaya meM carcA hai / isa carcA meM mUla prazna yaha hai ki yaha hAthI pUrvabhava meM kahA~ thA aura marakara kahA~ jAyagA ? uttara meM batAyA gayA hai ki yaha hAthI pUrvabhava meM asuradeva thA aura marakara naraka meM jAyagA tathA vahAM se mahAvideha varSa meM jAkara nirvANa prApta karegA / rAjA koNika kA pradhAna hAthI kitanA bhAgyazAlI hai ki usakI carcA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mukha se huI hai ? prakAra ke anya hAthI bhUtAnaMda kI carcA hai / isake bAda isakI carcA hai ki tAr3a ke vRkSa para car3hakara use hilAne vAle evaM phaloM ko nIce girAne vAle ko kitanI kriyAe~ lagatI hai / isake bAda bhI isI prakAra kI carcA hai jo sAmAnya vRkSa se sambandhita hai / isake bAda indriya, yoga, zarIra Adi ke viSaya meM carcA hai / isake bAda isI kampa : tRtIya uddezaka meM zailezI arthAt zileza - meru ke samAna akaMpa sthiti ko prApta anagAra kaisA hotA hai, isakI carcA hai / isa prasaMga para kaMpa ke pA~ca prakAra batAye gaye haiM : dravyakaMpa, kSetrakaMpa, kAlakaMpa, bhAvakaMpa aura bhayakaMpa / isake bAda 'calanA' kI carcA hai / anta meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki saMvega, nirveda, zuzrUSA, AlocanA, apratibaddhatA, kaSAyapratyAkhyAna Adi nirvANa phala ko utpanna karate haiM / narakastha evaM svargastha pRthvIkAyika Adi jIva : chaThe uddezaka meM narakastha pRthvIkAyika jIva kI saudharma Adi devaloka meM utpatti hone ke viSaya meM carcA hai| sAtaveM meM svargastha pRthvIkAyika jIva kI naraka meM utpatti hone ke viSaya meM vicAraNA hai / AThaveM va naveM meM isI prakAra kI carcA apakAyika jIva ke viSaya meM hai / isase mAlUma par3atA hai ki svarga va naraka meM bhI pAnI hotA hai / 243 prathamatA - aprathamatA : aThArahaveM zataka meM nimnalikhita dasa uddezaka haiM : 1. prathama, 2. vizAkha, 3. mAkaMdI, 4. prANAtipAta, 5 asura, 6 phaNita, 7. kevalI 8 anagAra, 9. bhavadravya, 10. somila / prathama uddezaka meM jIva ke jIvatva kI prathamatAaprathamatA kI carcA hai / isI prakAra jIva ke siddhatva Adi kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai / kArtika seTha : dUsare uddezaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki vizAkhA nagarI ke bahuputrika caitya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra Ate haiM / vahIM unheM yaha pUchA jAtA hai ki devendra - devarAja

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244 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zakra pUrvabhava meM kona thA ? use zakra pada kaise prApta huA ? isake uttara meM hastinApura nivAsI seTha kArtika kA sampUrNa jIvanavRttAnta batAyA gayA hai / usane zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA pAlana kara dIkSA svIkAra kara mRtyu ke bAda zakrapada - indrapada pAyA / yaha ghaTanA munisuvrata tIrthakara ke samaya kI hai / mAkaMdI anagAra : tIsare uddezaka meM bhagavAn ke ziSya saralasvabhAvI mArkadikaputra athavA mAkaMdI anagAra dvArA pUche gaye kucha praznoM ke uttara haiM / mAkaMdI anagAra ne apanA amuka vicAra anya jaina zramaNoM ke sanmukha rakhA jise una logoM ne asvIkAra kiyaa| isa para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne unheM batAyA ki mAkaMdI anagAra kA vicAra bilkula ThIka hai / yugma : cauthe uddezaka meM gautama ne yugma kI carcA kI hai / yugma cAra haiM : kRtayugma, tryoja, dvApara aura kalyoja / yugma va yuga meM artha kI dRSTi se koI antara nahIM hai / vaidika paramparA meM kRtayuga, tretAyuga, dvAparayuga va kalayuga - ye cAra yuga prasiddha haiM / uparyukta cArayugmoM kI kalpanA kA AdhAra yahI cAra yuga mAlUma hote haiM / jisa rAzi meM se cAra-cAra nikAlate hue anta meM cAra bAkI raheM vaha rAzi kRtayugma kahalAtI hai / jisa rAzi meM se cAra-cAra nikAlate hue anta meM tIna baca raheM usa rAzi ko tryoja kahate haiM / jisa rAzi meM se cAra-cAra nikAlate hue do bAkI raheM use dvApara evaM eka bAkI rahe use kalyoja kahate haiM / pudgala : chaThe uddezaka meM phaNika arthAt pravAhita ( patalA ) gur3a, bhramara, totA, majITha, haldI, zaMkha, kuSTha, mayada, nIma, soMTha, koTa, imalI, zakkara, vajra, makkhana, lohA, patra, barpha, agni, tela Adi ke varNa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza kI carcA hai | ye saba vyAvahArika naya kI apekSA se madhuratA athavA kaTutA Adi se yukta haiM kintu naizcayika naya kI dRSTi se pAMcoM varNoM, pAMcoM rasoM, donoM gaMdhoM evaM AThoM sparzo se yukta haiM / paramANu-pudgala meM eka varNa, eka gaMdha, eka rasa aura do sparza haiM / isI prakAra dvipradezika, tripradezika, catuSpradezika, paMcapradezika Adi pudgaloM ke viSaya meM carcA hai / madruka zramaNopAsaka : sAtaveM uddezaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki rAjagRha nagara ke guNazilaka caitya ke AsapAsa kAlodAyI, zailodAyI, Adi anyatIrthika rahate the / inhoMne madruka nAmaka

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vyAkhyAprajJapti 245 " zramaNopAsaka ko apane dharmAcArya bhagavAn mahAvIra ko vaMdana karane jAte hue dekhA evaM use mArga meM rokakara pUchA ki tere dharmAcArya dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, jIvAstikAya aura pudgalAstikAya - ina pAMca astikAyoM kI prarUpaNA karate haiM, yaha kaise ? uttara meM madruka ne kahA ki jo vastu kArya karatI ho use kArya dvArA jAnA jA sakatA hai tathA jo vastu vaisI na ho use hama nahIM jAna sakate / isa prakAra dharmAstikAyAdi pAMca astikAyoM ko maiM nahIM jAnatA ataH dekha nahIM sktaa| yaha sunakara una anyatIthikoM ne kahA ki are madruka ! tU kaisA zramaNopAsaka hai ki ina pAMca astikAyoM ko bhI nahIM jAnatA / madruka ne unheM samajhAyA ki jaise vAyu ke sparza kA anubhava karate hue bhI hama usake rUpa ko nahIM dekha sakate, sugandha athavA durgandha ko sUMghate hue bhI usake paramANuoM ko nahIM dekha sakate, araNi kI lakar3I meM chipI huI agni ko jAnate hue bhI use A~khoM se nahIM dekha sakate, samudra ke usa pAra rahe hue aneka padArthoM ko dekhane meM samartha nahIM hote usI prakAra chadmastha manuSya paMcAstikAya ko nahIM dekha sakatA / isakA kArya yaha kadApi nahIM ki usakA astitva hI nahIM / yaha sunakara kAlodAyI Adi cupa ho gae / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne zramaNoM ke sAmane madruka zramaNopAsaka ke isa kArya kI bahuta prazaMsA kI / pudgala-jJAna AThaveM uddezaka meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki sAvadhAnI pUrvaka calate hue bhAvitAtmA anagAra ke pAMva ke nIce murgI kA baccA, batakha kA baccA athavA cIMTI yA sUkSma kITa Akara mara jAya to use IryApathikI kriyA lagatI hai, sAmparAyikI kriyA nahIM / isI uddezaka meM isa viSaya kI bhI carcA hai ki chadmastha paramANupudgala ko jAnatA va dekhatA hai athavA nahI ? uttara meM bhagavAn ne batAyA hai ki koI chadmastha paramANupudagala ko jAnatA hai kintu dekhatA nahIM, koI jAnatA bhI nahIM aura dekhatA bhI nahIM / isa prakAra dviprAdezika skandha se lekara asaMkhyeya prAdezika skandha taka samajhanA cAhie / ananta prAdezika skandha ko koI jAnatA hai kintu dekhatA nahIM, koI jAnatA nahIM parantu dekhatA hai tathA koI jAnatA bhI nahIM aura dekhatA bhI nahIM / avadhijJAnI tathA kevalI ke viSaya meM bhI kI gaI hai| kyA artha hai, isake sambandha meM pahale jJAna darzana kI carcA prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai / isI prakAra kI carcA yahAM jAnane va dekhane kA ke prasaMga para paryApta 1 kaSAyajanya pravRtti se sAmparAyika karma kA baMdha hotA hai jisase bhavabhramaNa karanA par3atA hai /

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246 yApanIya : dasaveM uddezaka meM vANiyagrAma nagara ke nivAsI somila brAhmaNa ke kucha praznoM kA uttara dete hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne javaNijja - yApanIya, jattAyAtrA, avvAbAha-- avyAbAgha, phAsUryAvihAra - prAsukavihAra Adi zabdoM kA vivecana kiyA haiM / digambara sampradAya meM yApanIya nAmaka eka saMgha hai jisake mukhiyA AcArya zAkaTAyana the / prastuta uddezaka meM AnevAle 'javaNijja' zabda ke sAtha isa yApanIya saMgha kA sambandha hai / vicAra karane para mAlUma hotA hai ki 'java Nijja' kA 'yamanIya' rUpa adhika arthayukta evaM saMgata hai jisakA saMbaMdha pA~ca yamoM ke sAtha sthApita hotA hai / isa prakAra kA koI artha 'yApanIya' zabda meM se nahIM nikalatA / vidvAnoM ko etadviSayaka vizeSa vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai / yadyapi vartamAna meM yaha zabda kucha nayA evaM aparicita sA lagatA hai kintu khAravela ke zilAlekha meM 'javaNijja' zabda kA prayoga huA hai jisase isakI prAcInatA evaM pracalitatA siddha hotI hai / mAsa : jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa somila dvArA pUche gaye praznoM kA santoSajanaka uttara prApta hone para vaha bhagavAn kA zramaNopAsaka ho gayA / isa prasaMga para 'mAsa' kA vivecana karate hue mahInoM ke jo nAma ginAye gaye haiM ve zrAvaNa se prAraMbha kara ASAr3ha taka samApta kiye gaye haiM / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya zrAvaNa prathama mAsa mAnA jAtA rahA hogA evaM ASAr3ha antima mAsa / vividha : unnIsaveM zataka meM dasa uddezaka hai : lezyA, garbha, pRthvI, mahAsrava, carama, dvIpa, bhavanAvAsa, nirvRtti, karaNa aura vANavyantara / bIsaveM zataka meM bhI dasa uddezaka haiM : dvIndriya, AkAza, prANavadha, upacaya, paramANu, antara, bandha, bhUmi, caraNa aura sopakrama jIva / prathama uddezaka meM do indriyoM vAle, jIvoM kI carcA hai / dvitIya meM AkAzaviSayaka, tRtIya meM hiMsAahiMsA, satya-asatya Adi viSayaka, caturthaM meM indriyopacaya viSayaka, paMcama meM paramANu pudgalaviSayaka, SaSTha meM do narakoM evaM do svargoM ke madhya sthita pRthvIkA - yika Adi viSayaka tathA saptama meM bandhaviSayaka carcA hai aSTama meM karmabhUmi ke sambandha meM vivecana hai / isameM vartamAna avasarpiNI ke ginAye gaye haiM / chaThe tIrthaMkara kA nAma padmaprabha ke bajAya suprabha batAyA gayA hai / isameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki kAlika zruta kA viccheda kaba huA tathA dRSTivAda kA viccheda kaba huA ? sAtha hI yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn / saba tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma

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vyAkhyAprajJapti 247 vardhamAna mahAvIra kA tIrtha kitane samaya taka calegA? ugrakula, bhogakula, rAjanyakula, ikSvAkukula, jJAtakula aura koravakula ke vyakti isa dharma meM praveza karate haiM tathA unameM se kucha mukti bhI prApta karate haiN| yahAM kSatriyoM ke kevala chaH kuloM kA hI nirdeza hai / isase yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki ye chaH kula usa samaya vizeSa utkRSTa gine jAte rahe hoNge| navama uddezaka meM cAraNa muniyoM kI carcA hai| cAraNa muni do prakAra ke haiM : vidyAcAraNa aura jaMghAcAraNa / una tapa se prApta hone vAlI AkAzagAminI vidyA kA nAma vidyAcAraNa labdhi hai| jaMghAcaraNa bhI eka prakAra kI labdhi hai jo isI prakAra ke tapa se prApta hotI hai / ina labdhiyoM se sampanna muni AkAza meM ur3akara bahuta dUra taka jA sakate haiM / dazama uddezaka meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kucha jIvoM kA AyuSya AghAtajanaka vighna se TUTa jAtA hai jabaki kucha kA isa prakAra kA vighna hone para bhI nahIM ttuutttaa| ikkIsaveM, bAIsaveM va teIsaveM zataka meM vividha prakAra kI vanaspatiyoM evaM vRkSoM ke viSaya meM carcA hai / caubIsaveM zataka meM caubIsa uddezaka haiN| inameM upapAta, parimANa, saMghayaNa, U~cAI, saMsthAna, lezyA, dRSTi, jJAna, ajJAna, yoga, upayoga, saMjJA, kaSAya, iMdriya, samudghAt, vedanA, veda, AyuSya, adhyavasAna, anubaMdha evaM kAlasaMvedha padoM dvArA samasta prakAra ke jIvoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| pacIsaveM zataka meM lezyA, dravya, saMsthAna, yugma, paryava, nigrantha, zramaNa, ogha, bhavya, abhavya, samyaktvI aura mithyAtvI nAmaka bAraha uddezaka hai| inameM bhI jIvoM ke vividha svarUpa ke viSaya meM carcA hai| nimrantha nAmaka SaSTha uddezaka meM nimnokta 36 padoM dvArA nirgranthoM ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai : 1. prajJApanA, 2. veda, 3. rAga, 4. kalpa, 5. cAritra, 6. pratisevanA, 7. jJAna, 8. tortha, 9. liMga, 10. zarIra, 11. kSetra, 12. kAla, 13. gati, 14. saMyama, 15. nikarSanigAsa athavA saMnigAsa-saMnikarSa, 16. yoga, 17. upayoga, 18. kaSAya, 19. lezyA, 20. pariNAma, 21. baMdha, 22. vedana, 23. udIraNA, 24. upasaMpadAhAni, 25. saMjJA, 26. AhAra, 27. bhava, 28. AkarSa, 29. kAla, 30. aMtara, 31. samudghAta, 32. kSetra, 33. sparzanA 34. bhAva, 35. parimANa, evaM 36. alpabahutva / yahAM nigranthoM ke pulAka, bakuza, kuzIla, nigrantha evaM snAtaka ke rUpa meM pAMca bheda kara pratyeka bheda kA uparyukta 36 padoM dvArA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| yahAM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki bakuza evaM kuzIla kisI apekSA se jinakalpI bhI hote hai| nigrantha tathA snAtaka kalpAtIta hote haiN|

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248 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isa uddezaka meM dasa prakAra kI sAmAcArI tathA dasa prakAra ke prAyazcittoM ke bhI nAma ginAye gaye haiM / isake atirikta jaina paribhASA meM pracalita anya aneka tathyoM kA isameM nirUpaNa huA hai| chabbIsaveM zataka meM bhI isI prakAra ke kucha padoM dvArA jIvoM ke baddhatva ke viSaya meM carcA kI gaI hai| isa zataka kA nAma baMdhazataka hai / sattAIsaveM zataka meM pApakarma ke viSaya meM carcA hai / isa zataka kA nAma kari zataka hai / isameM gyAraha uddezaka haiM / aTThAIsaveM zataka meM karmopArjana ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai / isa zataka kA nAma karmasamarjana hai / unatIsaveM zataka meM karmayoga ke prAraMbha evaM anta kA vicAra hai / isa zataka kA nAma karmaprasthApana hai / tIsaveM zataka meM kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI evaM vinayavAdI kI apekSA se samasta jIvoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jo jIva zuklalezyA vAle haiM ve cAra prakAra ke haiM / lezyArahita jIva kevala kriyAvAdI haiM / kRSNalezyA vAle jIva kriyAvAdI ke atirikta tInoM prakAra ke haiM / nArakI cAroM prakAra ke haiM / pRthvIkAyika kevala akriyAvAdI evaM ajJAnavAdI haiM / isI prakAra samasta ekendriya, dvIndriya, trIndriya evaM caturindriya ke viSaya meM samajhanA cAhie / manuSya evaM deva cAra prakAra ke haiM / ye cAroM vAdI bhavasiddhika haiM athavA abhavasiddhika, isakI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| isa zataka meM gyAraha uddezaka haiM / isakA nAma samavasaraNa zataka hai / ikatIsaveM zataka meM phira yugma kI carcA hai / yaha anya DhaGga se hai / isa zataka kA nAma upapAta zataka hai / isameM 28 uddezaka haiM / battIsaveM zataka meM bhI isI prakAra kI carcA / yaha carcA udvartanA sambandhI hai / isIlie isa zataka kA nAma udvartanA zataka hai / isameM bhI 28 uddezaka haiM / taiMtIsa zataka meM ekendriya jIvoM ke viSaya meM vividha prakAra ko carcA hai / isa zataka meM uddezaka nahIM apitu anya bAraha zataka ( upazataka ) haiM / yaha isa zataka kI vizeSatA hai / cauMtIsaveM zataka meM bhI isI prakAra kI carcA evaM avAntara zataka haiM / paiMtAsaveM zataka meM kRtayugma Adi ko vibhinna bhaMgapUrvaka carcA kI gaI hai / yaha carcA ekendriya jIvoM ke sambandha meM hai / chattIsaveM zataka meM isI prakAra kI carcA dvIndriya jIvoM ke viSaya meM hai / isI prakAra saiMtIsaveM, ar3atIsaveM, unacAlIsaveM evaM cAlIsaveM zataka meM kramaza: trIndriya, caturindriya, asaMjJo paMcendriya evaM saMjJIpaMcendriya jIvoM ke viSaya meM carcA hai /

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vyAkhyAprajJapti 249 isakA nAma ikatAlIsaveM zataka meM yugma kI apekSA se jIvoM kI vividha pravRttiyoM ke viSaya meM carcA kI gaI hai| isa zataka meM 196 uddezaka haiM / rAziyugma zataka hai / yaha vyAkhyAprajJapti kA antima zataka hai / upasaMhAra : isa aMga meM kucha bAteM bAra-bAra AtI hai / isakA kAraNa sthAnabheda, - pucchakabheda tathA kAmabheda hai / kucha bAteM aisI bhI haiM jo samajha meM hI nahIM aatiiN| unake bAre meM vRttikAra ne bhI vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa nahIM kiyA hai isa aMga para cUNi, avacUrikA tathA laghuTIkA bhI upalabdha hai / cUrNi tathA avacUrikA aprakAzita haiM / grantha ke anta meM eka gAthA dvArA guNavizAla saMgha kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai tathA zrutadevatA kI stuti kI gaI hai / isake bAda sUtra ke adhyayana ke uddezoM ko lakSya kara samaya kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / anta meM gautamAdi gaNadharoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai / vRttikAra ke kathanAnusAra isakA sambandha kisI pratilipikAra ke sAtha hai / anta hI anta meM zAntikara zrutadevatA kA smaraNa 'kiyA gayA hai / sAtha hI kumbhaghara, brahmazAntiyakSa, vairoTyA vidyAdevI tathA aMtahuMDI - nAmaka devI ko yAda kiyA gayA hai / pratilipikAra ne nirvighnatA ke lie * ina saba kI prArthanA kI hai / inameM se aMtahuMDI nAma ke viSaya meM kucha patA nahIM lagatA /

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saptama prakaraNa jJAtAdharmakathA jJAtAdharmakathA' kA upodghAta vipAkasUtra ke upodghAta ke hI samAna hai| isameM sudharmAsvAmI ke 'oyaMsI teyaMsI cauNANovagate codasapuvvI' Adi aneka vizeSaNa upalabdha haiN| yahA~ 'viharati' kriyApada kA tRtIya puruSa meM prayoga huA hai / sudharmAsvAmI ke varNana ke bAda jo jaMbUsvAmI kA varNana AtA hai usameM bhI 'ghoratavassI' Adi aneka vizeSaNoM kA prayoga huA hai| yahA~ bhI kriyApada kA prayoga tRtIya puruSa meM hI huA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki yaha upodghAta bhI sudharmA va jambU ke atirikta kisI anya gItArtha mahAnubhAva ne banAyA hai| prastuta aMgasUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha meM jJAtarUpa-udAharaNa rUpa unnIsa adhyayana haiM tathA dvitIya zrutaskandha meM dharmakathAoM ke dasa varga haiM / ina vargoM meM camara, bali, candra, sUrya, zakrendra, IzAnendra Adi kI paTarAniyoM ke pUrvabhava kI kathAe~ hai| ye paTarAniyA~ apane pUrvabhava meM bhI striyA~ thiiN| inake jo nAma yahA~ diye gaye haiM ve saba pUrvabhava ke hI nAma haiM / isa prakAra inake manuSyabhava ke hI nAma: devaloka meM bhI calate haiN| prathama adhyayana 'ukkhittaNAya' meM aneka viziSTa zabda Ae haiM-rAjagRha,. javaNiyA (yavanikA-paradA), aTThArasa seNIppaseNIo, yAga, gaNanAyaka, bahattara 1. (a) abhayadevakRta vRttisahita-Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, san 1916: Agama-saMgraha, kalakattA, san 1876; siddhacakra sAhitya pracAraka samiti, bambaI, san 1951-1952. (A) gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda-pUMjAbhAI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, san 1931. (i) hindI anuvAda-muni pyAracaMda, jainodaya pustaka prakAzaka samiti, ___ ratalAma, vi. saM. 1995. (I) saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, san 1963. (u) hindI anuvAdasahita-amolaka RSi haidarAbAda, vI. saM. 2446. (U) gujarAtI anuvAdasahita (adhyayana 1-8)-jeThAlAla, jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi. saM.0 1985.

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jJAtAdharmakathA 251 kalA, aTThArasavihippagAradesIbhAsA, ugra, bhoga, rAjanya, mallikI, lecchakIlicchavI, kuttiyAvaNa, vipulaparvata ityAdi / ina zabdoM se tatkAlIna sAmAjika paristhitiyoM kA bodha hotA hai / kArAgAra: prathama zrutaskandha ke dvitIya adhyayana meM kArAgAra kA vistRta varNana hai / isameM kArAgAra kI bhayaMkara yAtanAoM kA bhI digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| isa kathA meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki Aja kI taraha usa samaya ke mA~-bApa bhI bAlakoM ko gahane pahanA kara bAhara bhejate the jisase unakI hatyA taka ho jAtI thii| rAjya ke choTe se aparAdha meM phaMsane para bhI seTha ko kArAvAsa bhoganA par3atA thA, yaha isa kathA meM spaSTa batAyA gayA hai| isameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki putra-prApti ke lie mAtAe~ kisa prakAra vividha devoM kI vividha manautiyAM manAtI thiiN| isa kathA se yaha mAlUma par3atA hai ki kArAgAra meM bhojana ghara se le jAne diyA jAtA thaa| bhojana le jAne ke sAdhana kA nAma bhojanapiTaka hai| vRttikAra ke kathanAnusAra yaha bAMsa kA banA hotA hai| isa bhojanapiTaka ko muhara-chApa lagAkara va cihnita karake kArAgAra meM bhejA jAtA thaa| bhojanapiTaka ke sAtha pAnI kA ghar3A bhI bhejA jAtA thaa| kArAgAra se chUTane ke bAda seTha AlaMkArika sabhA meM jAkara hajAmata banavA kara sajjita hotA hai / mAlUma hotA hai usa samaya kArAgAra meM hajAmata banavAne kA prabandha nahIM thaa| hajAmata kI dukAna ke lie prastuta kathA meM 'AlaMkArika sabhA' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| yaha kathA rUpaka athavA dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM hai| isameM seTha apane putra ke ghAtaka cora ke sAtha bAMdhA jAtA hai / seTha AtmArUpa hai tathA anya cora deharUpa hai / zatrurUpa cora kI sahAyatA prApta karane ke lie seTha use khAne-pIne ko detA thaa| isI prakAra zarIra ko sahAyaka samajha kara usakA poSaNa karanA prastuta kathAnaka kA sAra hai| etadviSayaka vizeSa samIkSA maiMne apanI pustaka 'bhagavAna mahAvIranI dharmakathAoM' meM kI hai / tRtIya aMDa-aMDA nAmaka tathA caturtha kUrma nAmaka adhyayana ke vizeSa zabda meM hai-mayUrapoSaka, mayaMgatora-mRtagaMgA ityAdi / ye donoM adhyayana mumukSuoM ke lie bodhadAyaka hai| zailaka muni : pAMcaveM adhyayana meM zailaka nAmaka eka muni kI kathA AtI hai| zailaka bImAra ho jAtA hai| use svastha karane ke lie vaidya auSadhi ke rUpa meM madya pIne kI siphAriza karate haiN| vaha muni madya tathA anya prakAra ke svAsthyaprada bhojana kA upayoga kara svastha ho jAtA hai / svastha hone ke bAda vaha rasa meM Asakta

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252 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa hokara madyAdi kA tyAga nahoM krtaa| yaha dekha kara paMthaka nAmaka usakA ziSya vinayapUrvaka use mArga para lAtA hai evaM zalaka muni punaH sadAcAra sampanna evaM tapasvI bana jAtA hai| jisa DhaMga se paMthaka ne apane guru ko jAgrata kiyA usa prakAra ke vinaya kI vartamAna meM bhI kabhI-kabhI AvazyakatA hotI hai / isa adhyayana meM SaSTitaMtra, revataka parvata vagairaha viziSTa zabda Ae hai| zuka parivrAjaka : isI adhyayana meM eka zuka parivrAjaka kI kathA AtI hai| vaha apane dharma ko zaucapradhAna mAnatA hai / vaha parivrAjaka saugaMdhikA nagarI kA nivAsI hai| isa nagarI meM usakA maTha hai| vaha Rgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda evaM atharvaveda kA jJAtA hai, SaSTitantra meM kuzala hai, sAMkhyamata meM nipuNa hai, pAMca yama evaM pA~ca niyama yukta zaucamUlaka dasa prakAra ke dharma kA nirUpaNa karane vAlA hai, dAnadharma, zaucadharma evaM tIrthAbhiSeka ko samajhAne vAlA hai, dhAturakta vastra pahanatA hai| usake upakaraNa ye haiM : tridaMDa, kuMDikA, chatra, karoTikA, kamaMDala, rudrAkSamAlA, mRttikAbhAjana, trikASThikA, aMkuza, pavitraka-tA~be kI aMgUThI, kesarI-pramArjana ke lie vastra kA ttukdd'aa| vaha sAMkhya ke siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karatA hai| sudarzana nAmaka koI gRhastha usakA anuyAyI thA jo jaina tIrthaMkara ke paricaya meM Akara jaina ho gayA thaa| use punaH apane mata meM lAne ke lie zuka usake pAsa jAtA hai| vRttikAra ne isa zuka ko vyAsa kA putra kahA hai| zuka kahatA hai ki zauca do prakAra kA hai : dravyazauca aura bhAvazauca / pAnI va miTTI se hone vAlA zauca dravyazauca hai tathA darbha va maMtra dvArA hone vAlA zIca bhAvazIca hai| jo apavitra hotA hai vaha zuddha miTTI va jala se pavitra ho jAtA hai| jIva jalAbhiSeka karane se svarga meM jAtA hai / isa prakAra prastuta kathA meM vaidika karmakANDa kA thor3A-sA paricaya milatA hai / jaba zuka ko mAlUma par3A ki sudarzana kisI anya mata kA anuyAyI ho gayA hai to usane sudarzana se pUchA ki hama tumhAre dharmAcArya ke pAsa caleM aura usase kucha prazna puuche| yadi vaha unakA ThIka uttara degA to maiM usakA ziSya ho jaauuNgaa| sudarzana ke dharmAcArya ne zuka dvArA pUche gaye praznoM kA sahI uttara de diyaa| zuka apanI zarta ke anusAra jainAcArya kA ziSya ho gyaa| usane apane pUrva upakaraNoM kA tyAga kara coTI ukhAr3a lii| vaha puNDarIka parvata para jAkara anazana karake siddha huaa| mUla sUtra meM puMDarIka parvata kI viziSTa sthiti ke viSaya meM koI ullekha nahIM hai / vRttikAra ne ise zatrujaya parvata kahA hai| prastuta prakaraNa meM jaina sAdhu ke paMcamahAvrata Adi AcAra ko evaM jaina gRhastha ke aNuvrata

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jJAtAdharmakathA 253 Adi AcAra ko vinaya kahA gayA hai| vinayapiTaka Adi bauddha granthoM meM vinaya zabda kA isI artha meM prayoga huA hai| zuka-parivrAjaka kI kathA meM yApanIya, sarisavaya, kulattha, mAsa ityAdi dvayarthaka zabdoM kI bhI atIva rocaka carcA huI hai / thAvaccA sArthavAhI: prastuta pAMcaveM adhyayana kI isa kathA meM thAvaccA nAmaka eka sArthavAhI kA kathAnaka AtA hai / vaha laukika evaM rAjakIya vyavahAra va vyApAra Adi meM kuzala thii| isase spaSTa mAlUma par3atA hai ki kucha striyA~ bhI puruSa ke hI samAna vyApArika evaM vyAvasAyika kuzalatA vAlI thiiN| isa grantha meM AnevAlI rohiNI ko kathA bhI isa kathana kI puSTi karatI hai| isa kathA meM kRSNa ke rAjya kI sImA vaitADhya parvata ke anta taka batAI gaI hai| yaha vaitADhya parvata kaunasA hai va kahA~ sthita hai ? etadviSayaka anusaMdhAna kI AvazyakatA hai / chaThe adhyayana kA nAma 'tuMba' hai / tuMba ko kathA zikSAprada hai / sAtaveM adhyayana meM jaisI rohaNI kI kathA AtI hai vaisI hI kathA bAibila ke naye karAra meM mathyukI aura lyUka ke saMvAda meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai aura AThaveM adhyayana meM AI huI rohaNI tathA malli kI kathA meM strIjAti ke prati vizeSa Adara tathA unake sAmarthya, cAturya Adi uttamottama guNa bhI varNita hai| cokkhA parivrAjikA : ____ AThaveM adhyayana ke malli ke kathAnaka meM cokkhA nAmaka eka sAMkhyamatAnuyA-. yinI parivrAjikA kA varNana AtA hai / yaha parivrAjikA vedAdi zAstroM meM nipuNa thii| usakI kucha ziSyAeM bhI thiiN| inake rahane ke lie maTha thA / cIna evaM cInI : ____ malli adhyayana meM "cINacimiDhavaMkabhagganAsaM" isa vAkya dvArA kiye gae pizAca ke rUpa varNana ke prasaMga para aneka bAra 'cIna' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| yaha prayoga nAka kI chuTAI ke sandarbha meM kiyA gayA hai| isase yaha kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai ki kathA ke samaya meM cInI loga isa deza meM A pahu~ce hoN| DUbatI naukA : ___naveM adhyayana meM AI huI mAkaMdI kI kathA meM naukA kA vistRta varNana hai / / isameM nAvasambandhI samasta sAdhana-sAmagrI kA vistAra se paricaya diyA gayA hai| isa navama adhyayana meM samudra meM DUbatI huI nAva kA jo varNana hai vaha kAdambarI jaise grantha meM upalabdha DUbatI naukA ke varNana se bahuta-kucha milatA-julatA hai| yaha varNana kAvyazailI kA sundara namUnA hai / dasaveM tathA gyArahaveM adhyayana kI kathAe~ upadezaprada haiN|

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254 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa udakajJAta: bArahaveM adhyayana udakajJAta meM gaTara ke gande pAnI ko sApha karane kI paddhati batAI huI haiN| yaha paddhati vartamAnakAlIna philTarapaddhati se milatI-julatI hai| isa kathAnaka kA Azaya yaha hai ki pudgala ke azuddha pariNAma se ghRNA karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| terahaveM adhyayana meM naMdamaNiyAra kI kathA AtI hai| isameM logoM ke ArAma ke lie naMdamaNiyAra dvArA puSkariNI banavAne kI kathA atyanta rocaka hai aura sAtha-sAtha cAra udyAna banavAkara unameM se eka udyAna meM citrasabhA tathA logoM ke zrama ko dUra karane ke lie saMgItazAlA aura dUsare meM jalayaMtroM se suzo. bhita pAkazAlA, tIsare udyAna meM eka acchA bar3A auSadhAlaya banavAyA gayA thA jisameM acche vaidya bhI rakhe gae the aura cauthe udyAna meM AmajanatA ke lie eka AlaMkArika sabhA banavAI gaI thii| isa kathA meM rogoM ke nAma tathA unake upacAra ke lie vividha prakAra ke Ayurvedika upAya bhI sUcita kie gae haiN| caudahaveM teyali amAtya ke adhyayana meM jo bAteM milatI hai ve Avazyaka-cUrNi meM bhI batAI gaI hai| vividha matAnuyAyo : naMdIphala nAmaka paMdrahaveM adhyayana meM eka saMgha ke sAtha vividha mata vAloM ke pravAsa kA ullekha hai / una mata vAloM ke nAma ye haiM : caraka-tridaMDI athavA kachanIdhArI-kaupInadhArI-tApasa / cIrika-galI meM par3e hue cIthar3oM se kapar3e banAkara pahananevAle sNnyaasii| carmakhaMDika-camar3e ke vastra pahanane vAle athavA camar3e ke upakaraNa rakhane vAle sNnyaasii| bhicchuDa-bhikSuka athavA bauddhabhikSuka / paMDuraga-zivabhakta arthAt zarIra para bhasma lagAne vAle / gautama-apane sAtha baila rakhane vAle bhikSuka / gobatI-raghuvaMza meM varNita rAjA dilIpa kI bhA~ti govrata rakhane vAle / gRhadharmI-gRhasthAzrama ko hI zreSTha mAnane vAle / dharmacintaka-dharmazAstra kA adhyayana karane vaale| aviruddha-kisI ke prati virodha na rakhane vAle arthAt vinyvaadii| viruddha-paraloka kA virodha karane vAle athavA samasta matoM ke sAtha virodha rakhane vaale| vRddha-vRddhAvasthA meM meM saMnyAsa lene meM vizvAsa rakhane vAle / zrAvaka-dharma kA zravaNa karane vAle /

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jJAtAdharmakathA 255 raktapaTa-raktavastradhArI parivrAjaka / yahA~ jo artha diye gaye haiM ve isa kathAsUtra kI vRtti ke anusAra hai| isa viSaya meM vizeSa anusaMdhAna kI AvazyakatA ho sakatI hai| dayAlu muni : solahaveM 'avarakaMkA' nAmaka adhyayana meM eka brAhmaNI dvArA eka jaina muni ko kar3avI tuMbI kA zAka diye jAne kI ghaTanA hai| isameM brAhmaNa evaM zramaNa kA 'virodhI hI kAma karatA hai / isa ghaTanA se spaSTa mAlUma par3atA hai ki isa virodha kI jar3eM kitanI gaharI haiN| muni cIMTiyoM para dayA lAkara usa kaDue zAka ko jamIna para na DAlate hue khuda hI khA jAte haiM evaM pariNAmataH mRtyu ko prApta hote haiN| isa adhyayana meM varNita pAriSThApanikAsamiti kA svarUpa vizeSa vicAraNIya hai| pANDava-prakaraNa : prastuta kathA meM sukumAlikA nAmaka eka aisI kanyA kI bAta AtI hai jisake zarIra kA sparza svAbhAvikatayA dAhaka thaa| isameM eka vivAha karane ke bAda dAmAda ke jIvita hote hue bhI kanyA kA dUsarA vivAha karane kI paddhati kA ullekha hai / isameM draupadI ke pAMca pati kaise hue isakI vicitra kathA hai| mahAbhArata meM bhI vyAsa muni dvArA kahI huI isa prakAra kI aura do kathAoM kA ullekha hai / yahA~ nArada kA bhI ullekha hai / use kalaha-kuzala ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai / isameM loka-pracalita kathA kUpamaMDUka kA bhI dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM upayoga kiyA gayA hai| pAMDava kRSNa ke bala kI parIkSA kisa prakAra karate haiM, isakA eka namanA prastuta graMtha meM milatA hai / kathAkAra draupadI kA pUrvabhava batalAte hue kahate hai ki vaha apane pUrvajanma meM svachanda jaina sAdhvI thI tathA kAmasaMkalpa se ghirI huI thii| use asnAna ke kaThora niyama ke prati ghRNA thI / vaha bAra-bAra apane hAtha-paira Adi aMgoM ko dhoyA karatI tathA binA pAnI chITe kahIM para baiThatI-sotI na thii| yaha sAdhvI marakara draupadI bno| usake prAcIna kAmasaMkalpa ke kAraNa use pAMca pati prApta hue / isa kathA meM kRSNa ke narasiMharUpa kA bhI ullekha hai| isase mAlUma par3atA hai ki narasiMhAvatAra kI kathA kitanI lokavyApaka ho gaI thii| isa kathA meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki kRSNa ne aprasanna hokara pAMDavoM ko dezanikAlA diyA thA / pAMDavoM ne nirvAsita avasthA meM pAMDumathurA basAI jo vartamAna meM dakSiNa meM mathurA ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isa kathA meM zatrujaya tathA ujjayantagiranAra parvata kA bhI ullekha eka sAdhAraNa parvata kI taraha hai| zatrujaya parvata hastakalpa nagara ke pAsa batAyA gayA hai / vartamAna 'hAthapa' hastakalpa kA hI parivartita rUpa pratIta hotA hai / zilAlekhoM meM ise 'hastavapra' kahA gayA gayA hai|

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256 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa AiNNa-Aja -Ajanya-uttama ghor3oM-kI kathA jisameM AtI hai usa satrahaveM adhyayana meM macchaMDikA, puSpottara aura padmottara nAma kI tIna prakAra kI zakkara ko carcA kI gaI hai tathA usake pralobhana meM phaMsane vAloM kI kaisI durdazA hotI hai, yahI batAne kA isa kathA kA Azaya hai / suMsumA : suMsumA nAmaka aThArahaveM adhyayana meM asAdhAraNa paristhiti upasthita hone para jisa prakAra mAtA-pitA apanI saMtAna ke mRta zarIra kA mAMsa khAkara jIvana-rakSA kara sakate haiM isI prakAra SaTa kAya ke rakSaka va jIvamAtra ke mAtA-pitA ke samAna jaina zramaNa-zramaNiyA~ asAdhAraNa paristhitiyoM meM hI AhAra kA upabhoga karate haiN| unake lie AhAra apanI saMtAna ke mRta zarIra ke mAMsa ke samAna hai| unheM rasAsvAdana kI dRSTi se nahIM apitu saMyama-sAdhanarUpa zarIra kI rakSA ke nimitta hI asahya kSudhA-vedanA hone para hI AhAra grahaNa karanA cAhie, aisA upadeza hai / bauddha grantha saMyuttanikAya meM isI prakAra kI kathA isI Azaya se bhagavAn buddha ne kahI hai| vizuddhimArga tathA zikSAsamuccaya meM bhI isI kathA ke anusAra AhAra kA uddezya batAyA gayA hai / smRticaMdrikA meM bhI batAyA gayA hai ki manusmRti meM varNita tyAgiyoM se sambandhita AhAra-vidhAna isI prakAra kA hai| isa prakAra prastuta kathA-anya kI mukhya tathA avAntara kathAoM meM bhI aneka ghaTanAoM, vividha zabdoM evaM vibhinna varNanoM se prAcInakAlIna aneka bAtoM kA patA lagatA hai / ina kathAoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane para saMskRti va itihAsa sambandhI aneka tathyoM kA patA laga sakatA hai|

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aSTama prakaraNa upAsakadazA sAtaveM aMga upAsakadazAmeM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dasa upAsakoM-zrAvakoM kI kathAe~ haiM / 'dazA' zabda dasa saMkhyA evaM avasthA donoM kA sUcaka hai| upAsakadazA meM upAsakoM kI kathAe~ dasa hI haiM ataH dasa saMkhyAvAcaka artha upayukta hai| isI prakAra upAsakoM kI avasthA kA varNana karane ke kAraNa avasthAvAcI artha bhI upayukta hI hai| isa aMga kA upodghAta bhI vipAka ke hI samAna hai ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki utanA upodghAta kA aMza bAda meM jor3A gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM upAsakadazAMga ke dasa adhyayanoM ke nAma isa prakAra batAye gaye haiM : AnaMda, kAmadeva. cUlaNipitA, surAdeva, cullazataka, kuMDakolika, saddAlaputra, mahAzataka, naMdinI pitA aura sAlatiyApiyA-sAleyikApiyA / dasavA nAma upAsakadazAMga meM sAlihIpiyA hai jabaki sthAnAMga meM sAlatiyApiyA athavA sAleyikApitA hai / kucha prAcIna hastapratiyoM meM laMtiyApiyA, lattiyapiyA, latiNIpiyA, letiyApiyA Adi nAma bhI milate haiN| isI prakAra naMdiNIpiyA ke bajAya lalitAMkapiyA tathA sAleiNIpiyA nAma bhI Ate haiM / isa prakAra ina nAmoM meM kAphI heraphera ho gayA hai| samavAyAMga meM adhyayanoM kI hI saMkhyA dI hai, nAmoM ko 1; (a) abhayadevakRta TokAsahita-Agamodaya samiti, bambaI; san 1920; dhanapatasiMha, kalakattA, san 1876. (A) prastAvanA Adi ke sAtha-pI. ela. vaidya, pUnA, san 1930. (i) aMgrejI anuvAda Adi ke sAtha-Hoernle, Bibliotheca Indica, Calcutta, 1885-1888. (I) gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda-pUMjAbhAI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda,san 1931. (u) saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, san 1961. (U) abhayadevakRta TIkA ke gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-bhagavAnadAsa harSacandra, ahamadAbAda, vi. saM0 1992. (R) hindI anuvAda sahita-amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI. saM. 2446.

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258 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sUcanA nhiiN| isI prakAra naMdIsUtra meM bhI adhyayana-saMkhyA kA hI ullekha hai, nAmoM kA nhiiN| isa aMga kA saTippaNa anuvAda prakAzita huA hai / TippaNiyA~ prastuta lekhaka dvArA hI likhI gaI haiM ataH yahA~ etadviSayaka vizeSa vivecana anapekSita hai| maryAdA-nirdhAraNa : _prastuta sUtra meM AnevAlI kathAoM meM saba zrAvaka apane khAna-pAna, bhogopabhoga evaM vyavasAya kI maryAdA nirdhArita karate haiN| inhoMne dhana kI jo maryAdA svIkAra kI hai vaha bahuta hI bar3I mAlUma hotI hai| khAnapAna kI maryAdA ke anurUpa hI sampatti kI bhI maryAdA honI caahie| ye zrAvaka vyApAra, kRSi, byAja kA dhaMdhA evaM anya prakAra kA vyavasAya karate rahate haiN| aisA karane para dhana bar3hatA hI jAnA caahie| isa bar3he hue dhana ke upayoga ke viSaya meM sUtra meM kisI prakAra kA vizeSa ullekha nahIM hai| udAharaNArtha gAyoM kI maryAdA dasa hajAra athavA isase adhika rakhI hai| aba una gAyoM ke naye-naye bachar3e-bachar3iyA~ hone para unakA kyA hogA ? nirdhArita saMkhyA meM vRddhi hone para vratabhaMga hogA athavA nahIM ? vratabhaMga kI sthiti paidA hone para bar3hI huI sampatti kA kyA upayoga hogA? Ananda zrAvaka ke unakI patnI evaM eka putra thA / isa prakAra ve tIna vyakti the| Ananda ne sampatti kI jo maryAdA rakhI vaha isa prakAra hai : hiraNya kI cAra koTi mudrAe~ nidhAna meM surakSita, cAra koTi vRddhi ke lie giravI Adi hetu; evaM cAra koTi vyApAra ke lie; dasa-dasa hajAra gAyoM ke cAra vraja, pAMca sau haloM se jotI jA sake utanI jamIna; dezAntaragAmI pAMca sau zakaTa va utane hI anAja Adi lAne ke lie, cAra yAnapAtra-naukA dezAntaragAmI va cAra hI naukA ghara ke upayoga ke lie| usane khAna-pAna kI jo maryAdA rakhI vaha sAdhAraNa hai| vartamAna meM bhI zrAvakaloga khAna-pAna ke amuka niyama rakhate hue pAsa meM atyadhika parigraha va dhanasampatti rakhate haiN| kucha loga parigraha kI maryAdA karane ke bAda dhana kI vRddhi hone para use apane svAmitva meM na rakhate hue strI-putrAdika ke nAma para car3hA dete hai| isa prakAra choTI-choTI cIjoM kA to tyAga hotA rahatA hai kintu mahAdoSamUlaka dhanasaMcaya kA kAma banda nahIM hotA / vighnakArI deva : sUtra meM zrAvakoM kI sAdhanA meM vighna utpanna karane vAle bhUta-pizAcoM kA bhayaMkara varNana hai| jaba ye bhUtapizAca vighna paidA karane vAle haiM taba kevala zrAvaka

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upAsakadazA 259 hI unheM dekha sakate haiM, ghara ke anya loga nhiiN| aisA kyoM ? kyA yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki yaha saba una zrAvakoM kI kevala manovikRti hai ? etadviSayaka vizeSa manovaijJAnika anusaMdhAna kI AvazyakatA hai / vaidika evaM bauddha paramparA meM bhI isa prakAra ke vighnakArI devoM-dAnavoM va pizAcoM kI kathAe~ milatI haiN| mAMsAhAriNI strI va niyativAdI zrAvaka : ___ isa aMgagrantha meM eka zrAvaka kI mAMsAhAriNI strI kA varNana hai / isa zrAvaka kI teraha patniyAM thiiN| terahavIM mAMsAhAriNI patnI revatI ne apanI bAraha sautoM kI hatyA kara dI thii| vaha apane pIra se gAya ke bachar3oM kA mAMsa maMgavA kara khAyA karatI thii| isa sUtra meM eka kumbhakAra zrAvaka kA bhI varNana hai jo maMkhaliputra gozAlaka kA anuyAyI thaa| bAda meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne use yuktipUrvaka apanA anuyAyI banA liyA thaa| isa graMtha meM kucha hiMsApradhAna dhaMdhoM kA zrAvakoM ke lie niSedha kiyA gayA hai, jaise zastra banAnA, zastra becanA, viSa becanA, bAla kA vyApAra karanA, gulAmoM kA vyApAra karanA Adi / etadviSayaka vizeSa samIkSA 'bhagavAn mahAvIranA daza upAsako' nAmaka pustaka meM diye hue upodghAta evaM TippaNiyoM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai / Ananda kA avadhijJAna : zrAvaka ko avadhijJAna kisa hada taka ho sakatA hai, isa viSaya meM Ananda va gautama ke bIca carcA hai| Ananda zrAvaka kahatA hai ki merI bAta ThIka hai jabaki gautama gaNadhara kahate hai ki tumhArA kathana mithyA hai / Ananda gautama kI bAta mAnane ko taiyAra nahIM hotA / gautama bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa Akara isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate haiM evaM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI AjJA se Ananda ke pAsa jAkara apanI galatI svIkAra kara usase kSamAyAcanA karate haiN| isase gautama kI vinItatA evaM RjutA tathA Ananda kI nirbhIkatA evaM satyatA prakaTa hotI hai / upasaMhAra : vidyamAna aMgasUtroM va anya AgamoM meM pradhAnataH zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke AcArAdi kA nirUpaNa hI dikhAI detA hai| upAsakadazAMga hI eka aisA sUtra hai jisameM gahastha dharma ke sambandha meM vizeSa prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isase zrAvaka arthAta zramaNopAsaka ke mUla AcAra evaM anuSThAna kA kucha patA laga sakatA hai / zramaNazramaNI ke AcAra anuSThAna kI hI bhAMti zrAvaka-zrAvikA ke AcAra-anuSThAna kA nirUpaNa bhI anivArya hai kyoMki ye cAroM hI saMgha ke samAna stambha haiN| vAstava meM

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihasa zramaNa-zramaNiyoM kI vidyamAnatA kA AdhAra bhI eka dRSTi se zrAvaka-zrAvikAe~ hI haiM | zrAvakasaMsthA ke AdhAra ke binA zramaNasaMsthA kA TikanA saMbhava nahIM / zrAvakadharma kI bhitti jitanI adhika sadAcAra va nyAya-nIti para pratiSThita hogI, zramaNadharma kI nIMva utanI hI adhika dRr3ha hogI / isa vicAra se zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke jIvanavyavahAra kI vyavasthA isameM kI gaI hai| AraMbha-samAraMbhakArI kaha dene se kAma nahIM calatA apitu evaM sadvicAra kI pratiSThA karanA isakA uddezya hai / 260 gRhasthakarmoM ko kevala gRhasthadharmaM meM sadAcAra

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navama prakaraNa antakRtadazA AThavA~ aMga aMtagaDadasA hai| isakA saMskRta rUpa aMtakRtadazA athavA aMtakRddazA hai| aMtakRta arthAt saMsAra kA aMta krnevaale| jinhoMne apane saMsAra arthAt bhavacakra-janmamaraNa kA aMta kiyA hai arthAt jo punaH janma-maraNa ke cakra meM phaMsanevAle nahIM haiM aisI AtmAoM kA varNana antakRtadazA meM upalabdha hai / isakA upodghAta bhI vipAkasUtra ke hI samAna hai| digambara paramparA ke rAjavArtika Adi granthoM meM antakRtoM ke jo nAma milate hai ve sthAnAMga meM ullikhita nAmoM se adhikAMzatayA milate-julate haiN| sthAnAMga meM nimnokta dasa nAmoM kA nirdeza hai :-- namI, mAtaMga, somila, rAmagupta, sudarzana, jamAlI, bhagAlI, kiMkrama, pallatetiya aura phAla aMbaDaputra / samavAyAMga meM antakRtadazA ke dasa adhyayana va sAta varga batAye gaye haiM / nAmoM kA ullekha nahIM hai / nandIsUtra meM isa aMga ke dasa adhyayana va ATha varga batAye gaye hai| nAmoM kA ullekha isameM bhI nahIM hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha antakRtadazA meM na to dasa adhyayana hI haiM aura na uparyukta nAmavAle antakRtoM kA hI varNana hai| isameM nandI ke nirdezAnusAra ATha varga haiM, 1. (a) abhayadevavihita vRttisahita-Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, san 1920; dhanapata siMha, kalakattA, san 1875. (A) prastAvanA Adi ke sAtha-pI. ela. vaidya, pUnA, san 1932. (i) aMgrejI anuvAda-L. D. Barnett, 1907. (I) abhayadevavihita vRtti ke gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi. saM. 1990. (u) saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, san 1958. (U) hindI anuvAdasahita-amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI. saM. 2446. (R) gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda-gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, jaina sAhitya prakAzana samiti, ahamadAbAda, san 1940.

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262 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa samavAya ke ullekhAnusAra sAta varga nhiiN| upalabdha antakRtadazA ke prathama varga meM nimnokta dasa adhyayana haiM :____ gautama, samudra, sAgara, gambhIra, thimia, ayala, kaMpilla, akSobha, paseNaI aura viSNu / dvArakA-varNana : prathama varga meM dvArakA kA varNana hai| isa nagarI kA nirmANa dhanapati kI yojanA ke anusAra kiyA gyaa| yaha kisa pradeza meM thI, isakA sUtra meM koI ullekha nahIM hai| dvArakA ke uttara-pUrva meM revataka parvata, nandanavana evaM surapriya yakSAyatana hone kA ullekha hai| rAjA kA nAma kRSNa vAsudeva batAyA gayA hai / kRSNa ke adhIna samudra-vijaya Adi dasa dazArha, baladeva Adi pAMca mahAvIra, pradyumna Adi sAr3he tIna karor3a kumAra, zAmba Adi sATha hajAra durdAnta, ugrasena Adi solaha hajAra rAjA, rukmiNI Adi solaha hajAra deviyA~-rAniyA~, anaMgasenA Adi sahasroM gaNikAeM va anya aneka loga the| yahA~ dvArakA meM rahane vAle andhakavRSNi rAjA kA bhI ullekha AtA hai / andhakavRSNi ke gautama Adi dasa putra saMyama grahaNa kara usakA pUrNatayA pAlana karate hue sAmAyika Adi gyAraha aMgoM kA adhyayana kara antakRta arthAt mukta hue| ye dasoM muni zatruJjaya parvata para siddha hue| dvitIya varga meM isI prakAra ke anya dasa nAma haiN| gajasukumAla tRtIya varga meM teraha nAma haiN| nagara bhaddilapura hai| gRhapati kA nAma nAga va usakI patnI kA nAma sulasA hai| isameM sAmAyika Adi caudaha pUrta ke adhyayana kA ullekha hai| siddhisthAna zatrujaya hI hai| ina teraha nAmoM meM gajasukumAla muni kA bhI samAveza hai| kRSNa ke choTe bhAI gaja kI kathA isa prakAra hai : chaH muni the| ve chahoM samAna AkRtivAle, samAna vayavAle evaM samAna varNavAle the| ve do-do kI jor3I meM devakI ke yahA~ bhikSA lene gaye / jaba ve eka bAra, do bAra va tIna bAra Aye to devakI ne socA ki ye muni bAra-bAra kyoM Ate haiM ? isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue una muniyoM ne kahA ki hama bAra-bAra nahIM Ate kintu hamasabakI samAna AkRti ke kAraNa tumheM aisA hI lagatA hai| hama chahoM sulasA ke putra haiN| muniyoM ko yaha bAta suna kara devakI ko kucha smaraNa huaa| use yAda AyA ki polAsapura nAmaka gA~va

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antakRtadazA 263 meM atimuktaka nAmaka kumArazramaNa ne mujhe kahA thA ki tU ThIka eka samAna ATha putroM ko janma degI / devakI ne socA ki usa muni kA kathana ThIka nahIM niklaa| vaha etadviSayaka spaSTIkaraNa ke lie tIrthakara ariSTanemi ke pAsa pahu~cI / ariSTanemi ne batAyA ki atimuktaka kI bAta galata nahIM hai| aisA huA hai ki sulasA ke mRta bAlaka paidA hote the| usane putra denevAle hariNegamesI deva kI ArAdhanA kii| isase usane tere janme hue putra uThAkara use sauMpa diye va usake mare hue bAlaka lAkara tere pAsa rakha diye| isa prakAra ye chaH muni vastutaH tere hI putra hai| yaha sunakara devakI ke mana meM vicAra huA ki maiMne kisI bAlaka kA bacapana nahIM dekhA ataH aba yadi mere eka putra ho to usakA bacapana dekhU / isa vicAra se devakI bhArI cintA meM par3a gaI / itane meM kRSNa vAsudeva devakI ko praNAma karane Aye / devakI ne kRSNa ko apane mana kI bAta btaaii| kRSNa ne devakI ko sAntvanA dete hue kahA ki maiM aisA prayatna karUMgA ki mere eka choTA bhAI ho / isake bAda kRSNa ne pauSadhazAlA meM jAkara tIna upavAsa kara hariNegamesI deva kI ArAdhanA kI va usase eka choTe bhAI kI mAMga kii| deva ne kahA ki terA choTA bhAI hogA aura vaha choTI umra meM hI dIkSita hokara siddhi prApta kregaa| bAda meM devakI ko putra huaa| usI kA nAma gaja athavA gajasukumAla hai| gaja kA vivAha karane ke uddezya se kRSNa ne caturvedajJa somila brAhmaNa kI somA nAmaka kanyA ko apane yahAM lAkara rkkhii| itane meM bhagavAn ariSTanemi dvArakA ke sahasrAMbavana udyAna meM Aye / unakA upadeza sunakara mAtA-pitA kI anumati prAptakara gaja ne dIkSA aMgIkAra kii| somA aisI hI raha gaI / somila ne krodhita ho zmazAna meM dhyAna karate hae muni gajasukumAla ke sira para miTTI kI pAla bAMdhakara dhadhakate aMgAre rakhe / muni zAnta bhAva se mRtyu prApta kara antakRta hue| isa kathA meM aneka bAteM vicAraNIya haiM, jaise putra denevAlA hariNegamesI deva, kSAyikasamyaktvadhArI kRSNa dvArA kI gaI usakI ArAdhanA aura vaha bhI pauSadhazAlA meM, devakI ke putroM kA apaharaNa, atimuktaka muni kI bhaviSyavANI, bhagavAn ariSTanemi kA etadviSayaka spaSTIkaraNa Adi / dayAzIla kRSNa : tRtIya varga meM kRSNa se sambandhita eka viziSTa ghaTanA isa prakAra hai : eka bAra vAsudeva kRSNa sadalabala bhagavAn ariSTanemi ko vaMdana karane jA rahe the| mArga meM unheM eka vRddha manuSya ko IMToM ke Dhera meM se eka-eka IMTa uThAkara le jAte hue dekhA / yaha dekhakara kRSNa ke hRdaya meM dayA AI / unhoMne bhI IMTeM uThAnA zuru kiyA / yaha dekhakara sAtha ke saba loga bhI IMTeM uThAne lge| dekhate hI dekhate

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264 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa saba IMTeM ghara meM pahu~ca gii| isase usa vRddha manuSya ko rAhata milI / vAsudeva kRSNa kA yaha vyavahAra ati sahAnubhUtipUrNa manovRtti kA nirdezaka hai / caturtha varga meM jAti Adi dasa muniyoM kI kathA hai / kRSNa kI mRtyu : pAMcaveM varga meM padmAvatI Adi dasa aMtakRta striyoM kI kathA hai / isameM dvArakA ke vinAza kI bhaviSyavANI bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke mukha se huI hai / kRSNa kI mRtyu kI bhaviSyavANI bhI ariSTanemi dvArA ho kI gaI hai jisameM batAyA gayA hai ki dakSiNa samudra kI ora pAMDumathurA jAte hue kosaMbI nAmaka vana meM baragada ke vRkSa ke nIce jarAkumAra dvArA chor3A huA bANa bAyeM paira meM lagane para kRSNa kI mRtyu hogii| isa kathA meM kRSNa ne yaha bhI ghoSita kiyA hai ki jo koI dIkSA legA usake kuTumbiyoM kA pAlana-poSaNa va rakSaNa maiM karU~gA / cauthe va pAMcaveM varga ke antakRta kRSNa ke hI kuTumbIjana the / arjunamAlI evaM yuvaka sudarzana : chaTheM varga meM solaha adhyayana haiM / isameM eka mudgarapANi yakSa kA viziSTa adhyayana hai | isakA sAra isa prakAra hai : atyanta AgrahapUrNa samajhA ki yaha arjuna nAma kA eka mAlI thA / vaha mudgarapANi yakSa kA bar3A bhakta thA / pratidina usakI pratimA kI pUjA-arcanA kiyA karatA thA / usa pratimA ke hAtha meM lohe kA eka vizAla mudgara thA / eka bAra bhogalolupa guMDoM kI eka TolI ne yakSa ke isa mandira meM arjuna ko bA~dha kara usakI strI ke sAtha anAcArapUrNa baratAva kiyA / usa samaya arjunamAlI ne usa yakSa kI khUba prArthanA kI evaM apane ko tathA apanI strI ko una guNDoM se bacAne kI vinatI kI kintu kASThapratimA kucha na kara sakI / isase vaha koI zaktizAlI yakSa nahIM hai / yaha to kevala kASTha hai / jaba ve guNDe cale gaye evaM arjunamAlI mukta huA to usane usa mUrti ke hAtha meM se lohamudgara le liyA evaM usa mArga se gujaranevAle sAta janoM ko pratidina mArane lagA / yaha ghaTanA rAjagRha nagara meM huii| yaha dekhakara vahA~ ke rAjA zreNika ne yaha ghoSita kara diyA ki usa mArga se koI bhI vyakti na jAya / jAne para mAre jAne kI avasthA meM rAjA kI koI jimmedArI na hogI / saMyogavaza isI samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra kA usI vanakhaNDa meM padArpaNa huA / rAjagRha kA koI bhI vyakti, yahA~ taka ki vahA~ kA rAjA bhI arjunamAlI ke bhaya se mahAvIra ko vandana karane na jA sakA / para isa rAjagRha meM sudarzana nAma eka yuvaka rahatA thA jo bhagavAn mahAvIra kA parama bhakta thA / vaha akelA ho mahAvIra ke vandanArtha usa mArga se ravAnA

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antakRtadazA 265 huaa| usake mAtA-pitA ne to bahuta manA kiyA kintu vaha na maanaa| vaha mahAvIra kA sAdhAraNa bhakta na thaa| use lagA ki bhagavAna mere gA~va ke pAsa AveM aura maiM mRtyu ke bhaya se unheM vandana karane na jAU~ to merI bhakti avazya lajjita hogii| yaha socakara sudarzana ravAnA huaa| mArga meM use arjunamAlo milaa| vaha use mArane ke lie Age bar3hA kintu sudarzana kI zAnta mudrA dekhakara usakA mitra bana gyaa| bAda meM donoM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa pahu~ce / bhagavAn kA upadeza suna kara arjunamAlI muni ho gayA / anta meM usane siddhi prApta kii| isa kathA meM eka bAta samajha meM nahIM AtI ki zreNika ke pAsa rAjasattA va sainikabala hote hue bhI vaha ajunamAlo ko logoM ko mArane se kyoM nahIM roka sakA ? zreNika bhagavAn mahAvIra kA asAdhAraNa bhakta kahA jAtA hai phira bhI vaha unheM vandana karane nahIM gyaa| sAre nagara meM bhagavAn kA saccA bhakta eka sudarzana ho sAbita huaa| saMbhavataH isa kathA kA uddezya yahI batAnA ho ki saccI zraddhA va bhakti kitanI durlabha hai ! anya aMtakRta : ___ chaThe varga ke paMdrahaveM adhyayana meM atimukta nAmaka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke eka ziSya kA kathAnaka hai| isa adhyayana meM gAMva ke cauka athavA krIDAsthala ke lie 'indrasthAna' zabda kA prayoga huA hai / / sAtaveM varga meM teraha adhyayana haiM / inameM aMtakRta-striyoM kA varNana hai / AThaveM varga meM dasa adhyayana haiN| ina adhyayanoM meM zreNika ko kAlI Adi .. dasa bhAryAoM kA varNana hai| isa varga meM pratyeka aMtakRta-sAdhvI ke viziSTa tapa kA vistRta paricaya diyA gayA hai| isase inakI tapasyA kI ugratA kA patA lagatA hai|

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dazama prakaraNa anutta raupapAtikadazA bArahaveM svarga ke Upara nava graiveyaka vimAna haiM aura inake Upara vijaya, vaijayanta, jayanta, aparAjita evaM sarvArthasiddhaye pA~ca anuttara vimAna haiN| ye vimAna saba vimAnoM meM zreSTha haiM arthAt inase zreSThatara anya vimAna nahIM hai / ataH inheM anuttara vimAna kahate haiM jo vyakti apane tapa evaM saMyama dvArA ina vimAnoM meM upapAta arthAt janma grahaNa karate haiM unheM anuttaropapAtika kahate haiM / jisa sUtra meM isI prakAra ke manuSyoM kI dazA arthAt avasthA kA varNana hai, usakA nAma anuttaraupapAtikadazA' hai / / samavAyAMga meM batAyA gayA hai ki anuttaraupapAtikadazA navama aMga hai / yaha eka zrutaskandharUpa hai / isameM tIna varga va dasa adhyayana haiM / nandIsUtra meM bhI yaha batAyA gayA / isameM adhyayanoM kI saMkhyA kA nirdeza nahIM hai / anuttaropapAtikadazA ke anta meM likhA hai ki isakA eka zrutaskandha hai, tIna varga haiM, tIna uddeznakAla haiM arthAt tIna dinoM meM isakA adhyayana pUrNa hotA hai / prathama varga meM dasa uddezaka arthAt adhyayana haiM, dvitIya meM teraha evaM tRtIya meM dasa uddezaka haiM / isa prakAra isa sUtra meM saba milAkara taiMtIsa adhyayana hote haiM / samavAyAMga 1 ( a ) abhayadevavihita vRttisahita - Agamodaya samiti, sUrata, san 1920 dhanapatasiMha, kalakattA, san 1875. (A) prastAvanA Adi ke sAtha - pI. ela. vaidya, pUnA, san 1932. (i) aMgrejI anuvAda - L. D. Barnett, 1907. (I) mUla - jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, san 1921. ( u ) abhayadevavihita vRtti ke gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha - jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0, 1990. (U) hindI TIkA sahita - muni AtmArAma, jaina zAstramAlA kAryAlaya, lAhaura, san 1936. (R) saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI - gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, san 1959. (e) hindI anuvAda sahita - amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI. saM. 2446. (ai) gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda - gopaladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, jaina sAhitya prakAzana samiti, ahamadAbAda, san 1940.

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anuttaropapAtikadazA 267. sUtra meM isake tIna vargaM, dasa adhyayana va dasa uddezanakAla batAye gaye haiM / nandI sUtra meM tIna varga va tIna hI uddezanakAla nirdiSTa haiM / isa prakAra ina sUtroM ke ullekha meM paraspara bheda dikhAI detA hai / isa bheda kA kAraNa vAcanA-bheda hogA / rAjavArtika Adi acelakaparamparAsammata granthoM meM bhI anuttaropapAtikadazA kA paricaya milatA hai / inameM isake tIna vargoM kA koI ullekha nahIM hai / RSidAsa Adi se sambandhita dasa adhyayanoM kA nirdeza hai / sthAnAMga meM dasa adhyayanoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM : RSidAsa, dhanya, sunakSatra, kArtika, saMsthAna, zAlibhadra, Ananda, tetalI, dazArNabhadra aura atimuktaka / sthAnAMga va rAjavArtika meM jina nAmoM kA ullekha hai unameM se kucha nAma upalabdha anuttaraupapAtika meM milate haiM / jaise vAriSeNa (rAjavArtika ) nAma prathama varga meM hai / isI prakAra dhanya, sunakSatra tathA RSidAsa ( sthAnAMga va rAjavArtika ) nAma tRtIya varga meM haiM / anya nAmoM kI anupalabdhi kA kAraNa vAcanAbheda ho sakatA hai / upalabdha anuttaropapAtikadazA tIna vargoM meM vibhakta hai / prathama varga meM 10 adhyayana haiM, dvitIya varga meM 13 adhyayana haiM aura tRtIya varga meM 10 adhyayana haiM / isa prakAra tInoM vargoM kI adhyayana saMkhyA 33 hotI hai / pratyeka adhyayana meM eka-eka mahApuruSa kA jIvana varNita hai / jAli Adi rAjakumAra : prathama varga meM jAli, mayAli, upajAli, puruSasena, vAriSeNa, dIrghadanta; laSTadaMta. vehalla, vehAyasa aura abhayakumAra ina dasa rAjakumAroM kA jIvana diyA gayA hai / sudharmA ne apane ziSya jambU ko ukta dasa rAjakumAroM ke janma, nagara, mAtApitA Adi kA vistRta paricaya karavAkara unake tyAga va tapa kA sundara DhaMga se varNana kiyA hai aura batAyA hai ki ye dasoM rAjakumAra manuSya-bhava pUrNa karake kauna-kauna se anuttara vimAnoM meM utpanna hue haiM tathA devayoni pUrNa hone para vahA~ se cyuta hokara kahAM janma leMge evaM kisa prakAra siddha-buddha-mukta hoMge / dIrghasena Adi rAjakumAra : dvitIya varga meM dIrghasena, mahAsena, laSTadanta, gUr3ha danta, zuddha danta, halla, druma, drumasena, mahAdrumasena, siMha, siMhasena, mahAsiMhasena aura puSpasena -- ina teraha rAjakumAroM ke jIvana kA varNana jAlikumAra ke jIvana kI hI bhAMti saMkSepa meM kiyA gayA hai / ye bhI apanI tapaHsAdhanA dvArA pA~ca anuttara vimAnoM meM gaye haiM / vahA~ se cyuta hokara manuSyajanma pAkara siddha - buddha-mukta hoMge / dhanyakumAra : tRtIya varga meM dhanyakumAra, sunakSatrakumAra, RSidAsa, pellaka, rAmaputra, candrikA pRSTimAtRka, peDhAlaputra, poTTilla aura vehalla-- isa dasa kumAroM ke bhogamaya e

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268 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa * tapomaya jIvana kA sundara citraNa kiyA hai / inameM se dhanyakumAra kA varNana vizeSa vistRta hai / dhanyakumAra kAkaMdI nagarI kI bhadrA sArthavAhI kA putra thA / bhadrA ke pAsa aparimita dhana tathA aparimita bhoga-vilAsa ke sAdhana the / usane apane suyogya putra kA lAlana-pAlana bar3e U~ce stara se kiyA thA / dhanyakumAra bhoga-vilAsa kI sAmagrI meM DUba cukA thA / eka dina bhagavAn mahAvIra kI divya vANI sunakara usake mana meM vairAgya kI bhAvanA jAgrata huI aura tadanusAra vaha apane vipula vaibhav kA tyAga kara muni bana gayA / / muni banane ke bAda dhanya ne jo tapasyA kI vaha adbhuta evaM anupama hai / tapomaya jIvana kA itanA sundara sarvAMgINa varNana zramaNasAhitya meM to kyA, sampUrNa bhAratIya sAhitya meM anyatra dRSTigocara nahIM hotA mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne apane graMtha kumArasaMbhava meM pArvatI kI tapasyA mahatvapUrNa hote hue bhI dhanya muni kI tapasyA ke usase alaga hI prakAra kA hai / varNana kiyA hai vaha samakakSa nahIM hai kA jo varNana ke dhanyamuni apanI Ayu pUrNa karake sarvArthasiddha vimAna meM devarUpa se utpanna hue| vahA~ se cyuta hokara manuSya janma pAkara tapaHsAdhanA dvArA siddha-buddhamukta hoNge|

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ekAdaza prakaraNa praznavyAkaraNa paNhAvAgaraNa athavA praznavyAkaraNa' dasavA~ aMga hai| isakA joparicaya acelaka paramparA ke rAjavAtika Adi granthoM evaM sacelaka paramparA ke sthAnAMga Adi sUtroM meM milatA hai, upalabdha praznavyAkaraNa usase sarvathA bhinna hai| sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa ke isa adhyayanoM kA ullekha hai : upamA, saMkhyA, RSibhASita, AcAryabhASita, mahAvIrabhASita, kSobhakaprazna, komalaprazna, addAgaprazna, aMguSThaprazna aura bAhuprazna / samavAyAMga meM batAyA gayA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM 108 prazna, 108 aprazna evaM 108 praznAprazna hai jo maMtravidyA evaM aMguSThaprazna, bAhuprazna, darpaNaprazna Adi vidyAoM se sambandhita hai / isake 45 adhyayana hai / nandIsUtra meM bhI yahI batAyA gayA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM 108 prazna, 108 aprazna evaM 108 praznAprazna hai; aMguSThaprazna, bAhuprazna, darpaNaprazna Adi vicitra vidyAtiyoM kA varNana hai; nAgakumAroM va suvarNakumAroM kI saMgati ke divya saMvAda hai; 45 adhyayana haiN| 1. (a) abhayadevavihita vRttisahita-Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, san 1919; dhanapatasiMha, kalakattA, san 1876. (A) jJAnavimalaviracita vRttisahita-muktivimala jaina granthamAlA ahamadA bAda, vi0 saM0 1995. (i) hinhI TIkA sahita-muni hastimalla, hastimalla surANA, pAlI, san 1950. (I) saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, san 1962. (u) hindI anuvAda sahita-amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI0 saM0 2446; ghevaracandra bAMThiyA, seThiyA jaina pAramArthika saMsthA, bIkAnera, vi0 saM0 2009. (U) gujarAtI anuvAda-muni choTAlAla, lAghAjI svAmI pustakAlaya lIMbar3I, san 1939.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa vidyamAna praznavyAkaraNa meM na to uparyukta viSaya hI haiM aura na 45 adhyayana hI / isameM hiMsAdika pA~ca AsravoM tathA ahiMsAdika pA~ca saMvaroM kA dasa adhyayanoM meM nirUpaNa hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki jisa praznavyAkaraNa kA donoM 'jaina paramparAoM meM ullekha hai vaha vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai / isakA artha yaha huA ki vidyamAna praznavyAkaraNa bAda meM honevAle kisI gItArtha puruSa kI racanA hai / vRttikAra abhayadeva sUri likhate haiM ki isa samaya kA koI anadhikArI manuSya camatkArI vidyAoM kA durupayoga na kare, isa dRSTi se isa prakAra kI saba vidyAe~ isa sUtra meM se nikAla dI gaIM evaM unake sthAna para kevala Asrava va saMvara kA samAveza kara diyA gayA / yahA~ eka bAta vicAraNIya hai "ki jina bhagavAn jyotiSa Adi camatkArika vidyAoM evaM isI prakAra kI anya AraMbha-samAraMbhapUrNa vidyAoM ke nirUpaNa ko dUSita pravRtti batalAte haiM / aisI sthiti meM praznavyAkaraNa meM camatkArika vidyAoM kA nirUpaNa jina prabhu kaise kiyA hogA ? praznavyAkaraNa kA prAraMbha isa gAthA se hotA hai : 270 jaMbU ! iNamo aNDya-saMvaraviNicchayaM pavayaNassa / nIsaMdaM vocchAmi NicchayatthaM suhAsiyatthaM mahesIhi // arthAt he jambU ! yahA~ maharSipraNIta pravacanasArarUpa Asrava va saMvara kA nirUpaNa karUMgA / gAthA meM jaMbU kA nAma to hai kintu 'maharSiyoM dvArA subhASita' zabdoM se yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki isakA nirUpaNa kevala sudharmA dvArA nahIM huA hai / isase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki viSaya kI dRSTi se yaha sUtra pUrA hI nayA ho gayA hai| jisakA kartA koI gItArtha puruSa ho sakatA hai / asatyavAdI mata : sUtrakAra ne asatyabhASaka ke rUpa meM nimnokta matoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| : 1. nAstikavAdI athavA vAmalokavAdI - cArvAka 2. paMcaskandhavAdI bauddha 3. manojIvavAdI- -mana ko jIva mAnanevAle 4. vAyujIvavAdI - prANavAyu ko jIva mAnanevAle 5. aMDe se jagat kI utpatti mAnanevAle 6. loka ko svayaMbhU kRta mAnanevAle 7. saMsAra ko prajApatinirmita mAnanevAle

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praznavyAkaraNa 271 8. saMsAra ko IzvarakRta mAnanevAle 9. sAre saMsAra ko viSNumaya mAnanevAle 10. AtmA ko eka, akartA, vedaka, nitya, niSkriya, nirguNa, nilipta mAnanevAle 11. jagat ko yAdRcchika mAnanevAle 12. jagat ko svabhAvajanya mAnanevAle 13. jagat ko devakRta mAnanevAle 14. niyativAdI-AjIvaka hiMsAdi Asrava : isake atirikta saMsAra meM jisa-jisa prakAra kA asatya vyavahAra meM, kuTumba meM, samAja meM, deza meM va sampUrNa vizva meM pracalita hai usakA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra hiMsA, caurya, abrahmacarya evaM parigraha ke svarUpa va dUSaNoM kA khuba laMbA varNana kiyA gayA hai| hiMsA kA varNana karate samaya vedikA, vihAra, stUpa, leNa, caitya, devakula, Ayatana Adi ke nirmANa meM honevAlI hiMsA kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| vRttikAra ne vihAra Adi kA artha isa prakAra diyA hai : vihAra arthAt bauddhavihAra, leNa arthAt parvata meM kATakara banAyA huA ghara, caitya arthAt pratimA, devakula arthAt zikharayukta devaprAsAda / jo loga caitya, maMdira Adi banavAne meM honevAlI hiMsA ko ginatI meM nahIM lete unake lie isa sUtra kA mUlapATha tathA vRttikAra kA vivecana eka cunautI hai| isa prakaraNa meM vaidika hiMsA kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai evaM dharma ke nAma para honevAlI hiMsA kA ullekha karanA bhI sUtrakAra bhUle nahIM haiN| isake atirikta jagat meM calanevAlI samasta prakAra kI hiMsApravRtti kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| hiMsA ke saMdarbha meM vividha prakAra ke makAnoM ke vibhinna bhAgoM ke nAmoM kA, vAhanoM ke nAmoM kA, khetI ke sAdhanoM ke nAmoM kA tathA isI prakAra ke hiMsA ke aneka nimittoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| isI prasaMga para anArya-mleccha jAti ke nAmoM kI bhI sUcI dI gaI hai| asatya ke prakaraNa meM hiMsAtmaka aneka prakAra kI bhASA bolane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| caurya kA vivecana karate hue saMsAra meM vibhinna prasaMgoM para honevAlI vividha coriyoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai / abrahmacarya kA vivecana karate hue sarvaprakAra ke bhogaparAyaNa logoM, devoM, deviyoM, cakravatiyoM, vAsudevoM, mANDalika rAjAoM evaM isI prakAra ke anya

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272 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa vyaktiyoM ke bhogoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI zarIra ke saundarya, strI ke svabhAva tathA vividha prakAra ke kAyopacAra kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa prasaMga para striyoM ke nimitta honevAle vividha yuddhoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai / vRttikAra ne etadviSayaka vyAkhyA meM sItA, draupadI, rukmiNI, padmAvatI, tArA, raktasubhadrA, ahalyA (ahinnikA), suvarNagulikA, rohiNI, kinnarI, surUpA va vidyunmati kI kathA jaina paramparA ke anusAra uddhRta kI hai| pAMcaveM Asrava parigraha ke vivecana meM saMsAra meM jitane prakAra kA parigraha hotA hai athavA dikhAI detA hai usakA savistAra nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| parigraha ke nimnokta paryAya batAye gaye haiM : saMcaya, upacaya, nidhAna, piNDa, mahecchA, upakaraNa, saMrakSaNa, saMstava, aaskti| ina nAmoM meM samasta prakAra ke parigraha kA samAveza hai| ahiMsAdi saMvara: prathama saMvara ahiMsA ke prakaraNa meM vividha vyaktiyoM dvArA ArAdhya vividha prakAra kI ahiMsA kA vivecana hai / isameM ahiMsA kA ke poSaka vibhinna anuSThAnoM kA bhI nirUpaNa hai| satyarUpa dvitIya saMvara ke prakaraNa meM vividha prakAra ke satyoM kA varNana hai| isameM vyAkaraNasammata vacana ko bhI amuka apekSA se satya kahA gayA hai tathA bolate samaya vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM tathA uccAraNa kI zuddhatA kA dhyAna rakhane kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| prastuta prakaraNa meM nimnalikhita satyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai : janapadasatya, saMmatasatya, sthApanAsatya, nAmasatya, rUpasatya, pratItisatya, vyavahArasatya, bhAvasatya, yogasatya aura upamAsatya / janapadasatya arthAt tad-tad deza kI bhASA ke zabdoM meM rahA huA satya / saMmatasatya arthAt kaviyoM dvArA abhipreta satya / sthApanAsatya arthAt citroM meM rahA huA vyAvahArika satya / nAmasatya arthAt kulavardhana Adi vizeSanAma / rUpa satya arthAt veza Adi dvArA pahacAna / pratItisatya arthAt choTe-bar3e kA vyavahArasUcaka vacana / vyavahArasatya arthAt lAkSaNika bhASA / bhAvasatya arthAt pradhAnatA ke AdhAra para vyavahAra, jaise aneka raMgavAlI hone para bhI eka pradhAna raMga dvArA hI vastu kI pahacAna / yogasatya arthAt sambandha se vyavahRta satya, jaise chatradhArI Adi / upamAsatya arthAt samAnatA ke AdhAra para nirdiSTa satya, yathA samudra ke samAna tAlAba, candra ke samAna mukha Adi / acaurya sambandhI prakaraNa meM acaurya se saMbaMdhita samasta anuSThAnoM kA varNana hai / isameM asteya kI sthUla se lekara sUkSmatama taka vyAkhyA kI gaI hai|

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praznavyAkaraNa 273 brahmacarya sambandhI prakaraNa meM brahmacarya kA nirUpaNa, tatsambandhI anuSThAnoM kA varNana evaM usakI sAdhanA karane vAloM kA prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI anAcaraNa kI dRSTi se brahmacaryavirodhI pravRttiyoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| antima prakaraNa aparigraha se sambandhita hai| isameM aparigrahavatti ke svarUpa, tadviSayaka anuSThAnoM evaM aparigrahavratadhAriyoM ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa hai / isa prakAra prastuta sUtra meM pAMca AsravoM tathA pAMca saMvaroM kA nirUpaNa hai| isameM mahAvratoM kI samasta bhAvanAoM kA bhI nirUpaNa hai| bhASA samAsayukta hai jo zIghra samajha meM nahIM aatii| vRttikAra ne prAraMbha meM hI likhA hai ki isa graMtha kI prAyaH kUTa pustakeM (pratiyA~ ) upalabdha hai| hama ajJAnI haiM aura yaha zAstra gaMbhIra hai / ataH vicArapUrvaka artha kI yojanA karanI cAhie / sabase anta meM unhoMne yaha bhI likhA hai ki jinake pAsa AmnAya nahIM hai una hamAre jaise logoM ke lie isa zAstra kA artha samajhanA kaThina hai| ataH yahA~ hamane jo artha diyA hai vahI ThIka hai, aisI bAta nahIM hai| vRttikAra ke isa kathana se mAlUma par3atA hai ki AgamoM kI AmnAya arthAt paramparAgata vicArasaraNi khaMDita ho cukI thI-TUTa cukI thii| pratiyA~ bhI prAyaH vizvasanIya na thiiN| ataH vicArako ko soca-samajha kara zAstroM kA artha karanA cAhie / tattvArtharAjavAttika (pR0 73-74 ) meM kahA gayA hai ki AkSepavizeSa dvArA hetunayAzrita praznoM ke vyAkaraNa kA nAma praznavyAkaraNa hai| usameM laukika tathA vaidika arthoM kA nirNaya hai| isa viSayanirUpaNa meM hiMsA, asatya Adi AsravoM kA tathA ahiMsA, satya Adi saMvaroM kA samAveza honA saMbhAvita pratIta hotA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki aMguSThaprazna, darpaNaprazna Adi kA vicAra praznavyAkaraNa meM hai, aisI bAta rAjavAtikakAra ne nahIM likhI hai parantu dhavalATIkA meM naSTaprazna, muSTiprazna ityAdi kA vicAra praznavyAkaraNa meM hai, aisA batAyA gayA hai| 17

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dvAdaza prakaraNa vipAkasUtra vipAkasUtra' ke prArambha meM hI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ziSya sudharmA svAmI evaM unake ziSya jambU svAmI kA vistRta paricaya diyA huA hai / sAtha ho yaha prazna kiyA gayA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dasaveM aMga praznavyAkaraNa meM amuka-amuka bAteM batAI haiM to isa gyArahaveM aMga vipAkasUtra meM kyA-kyA bAteM batAI haiM ? isakA uttara dete hue sudharmA svAmI kahate haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isa zruta ke do zrutaskandha batAye haiM : eka duHkhavipAka va dUsarA sukhavipAka / duHkhavipAka ke dasa prakaraNa haiM / isI prakAra sukhavipAka ke bho dasa prakaraNa haiN| yahA~ ina saba prakaraNoM ke nAma bhI batAye haiN| inameM AnevAlI kathAoM ke adhyayana se tatkAlIna sAmAjika paristhiti, rItirivAja, jIvana-vyavasthA Adi kA patA lagatA hai| prArambha meM AnevAlA suvarmA va jambU kA varNana ina donoM mahAnubhAvoM ke atirikta kisI tIsare ho puruSa dvArA likhA gayA mAlama hotA hai| isase yaha 1. (a) abhayadevakRta vRttisahita-Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, san 1920; dhanapata siMha, kalakattA, san 1876; muktikamalajanamohanamAlA, bar3audA, san 1920. (A) prastAvanA Adi ke sAtha-pI. ela. vaidya, pUnA, san 1933. (i) gujarAtI anuvAda sahita-jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi. saM. 1987. (I) hindI anuvAdasahita-muni AnandasAgara, hindI jainAgama prakAzaka sumati kAryAlaya, koTA, san 1935; amolaka RSi haidarAbAda, __vI. saM. 2446. (u) hindo TokAsahita--jJAnamuni, jaina zAstramAlA kAryAlaya, ludhiyAnA, vi. saM. 2010. (U) saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI-gujarAto anuvAda ke sAtha-- muni ghAsIlAla, jainazAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, san 1959. (R) gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda--gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, jaina sAhitya prakAzana samiti, ahamadAbAda, san 1940.

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275 vipAkasUtra phalita hotA hai ki isa upoddhAta aMza ke kartA na to sudharmA haiM aura na jambU / ina donoM ke atirikta koI tIsarA hI puruSa isakA kartA hai / pratyeka kathA ke prArambha meM sarvaprathama kathA kahane ke sthAna kA nAma, bAda meM vahA~ ke rAjA-rAnI kA nAma, tatpazcAt kathA ke mukhya pAtra ke sthAna Adi kA paricaya dene kA rivAja pUrva paramparA se calA AtA hai| isa rivAja ke anusAra prastuta kathA-yojaka prArambha meM ina sArI bAtoM kA paricaya dete hai| mRgAputra : duHkhavipAka kI prathama kathA caMpA nagarI ke pUrNabhadra nAmaka caitya meM kahI gaI hai / kathA ke mukhya pAtra kA sthAna miyaggAma-mRgagrAma hai / rAnI kA nAma mRgAdevI va putra kA nAma mRgAputra hai| mRgagrAma caMpA ke Asa-pAsa meM kahIM ho sakatA hai / isake pAsa caMdanapAdapa nAmaka udyAna hone kA ullekha hai| isase anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki yahA~ candana ke vRkSa vizeSa hote hoNge| kathA zurU hone ke pUrva bhagavAn mahAvIra ko dezanA kA varNanA AtA hai / jahA~ mahAvIra upadeza dete haiM vahA~ logoM ke jhuMDa ke jhuMDa jAne lagate haiN| isa samaya eka janmAMdha puruSa apane sAthI ke sAtha kahIM jA rahA thaa| vaha cAroM ora cahala-pahala se paricita hokara apane sAthI se pUchatA hai ki Aja yahA~ kyA ho-hallA hai ? itane loga kyoM umar3a par3e haiM ? kyA gA~va meM indra, skanda, nAga, mukunda, rudra, ziva, kubera, yakSa, bhUta, nadI, guphA, kUpa, sarovara, samudra, tAlAba, vRkSa, caitya athavA parvata kA utsava zurU huA hai ? sAthI se mahAvIra ke Agamana kI bAta jAnakara vaha bhI dezanA sunane jAtA hai| mahAvIra ke jyeSTha ziSya indrabhUti usa janmAndha puruSa ko dekhakara bhagavAn se pUchate haiM ki aisA koI anya janmAndha puruSa hai ? yadi haiM to kahA~ hai ? bhagavAn uttara dete haiM ki mRgagrAma meM mRgAputra nAmaka eka janmAndha hI nahIM apitu janmamUka va janmabadhira rAjakumAra hai jo kevala mAMsapiNDa hai arthAt jisake zarIra meM hAtha, paira, netra, nAsikA, kAna Adi avayavoM va indriyoM kI AkRti taka nahIM hai| yaha sunakara dvAdazAMgavid va caturjJAnadhara indrabhUti kutUhalavaza use dekhane jAte haiM evaM bhUmigRha meM chipAkara rakhe hue mAMsapiNDasadRza mRgAputra ko pratyakSa dekhate haiN| yahA~ eka bAta vizeSa jJAtavya hai kisI ko yaha mAlUma na ho ki aisA lar3akA rAnI mRgAdevI kA hai, usane use bhUmigRha meM chipA rakhA thaa| rAnI pUrNa mAtRvAtsalya se usakA pAlana-poSaNa karatI thii| jaba gautama indrabhUti usa lar3ake ko dekhane gaye taba mRgAdevI ne Azcaryacakita ho gautama se pUchA ki Apako isa bAlaka kA patA kaise lagA ? isake uttara meM gautama ne use apane dharmAcArya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jJAna ke

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276 jena sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa atizaya kA paricaya kraayaa| mRgAputra ke zarIra meM bahuta durgandha nikalatI thI aura vaha yahAM taka ki svayaM mRgAdevI ko muMha para kapar3A bAMdhanA par3A thaa| jaba gautama use dekhane gaye to unheM bhI mu~ha para kapar3A bAMdhanA pdd'aa| mRgAputra ke varNana meM eka bhayaMkara duHkhI mAnava kA citra upasthita kiyA gayA hai| duHkhavipAka kA yaha eka romAJcakArI dRSTAnta hai / gautama ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA ki mRgAputra ko aisI vedanA hone kA kyA kAraNa hai ? uttara meM bhagavAn ne usake pUrvabhava kI kathA kahI / yaha kathA isa prakAra hai : bhAratavarSa meM zatadvAra nagara ke pAsa vijayavardhamAna nAmaka eka kheTa-bar3A gA~va thaa| isa gAMva ke adhIna pAMca sau choTe-choTe gAMva the / isa gAMva meM ekkAI nAmaka rAThaur3a-raTuuDa-rASTrakUTa (rAjA dvArA niyukta zAsana-saMcAlaka) thA / vaha ati adhArmika evaM krUra thaa| usane una gA~voM para aneka prakAra ke kara lagAye the| vaha logoM kI nyAyayukta bAta bhI sunane ke lie taiyAra na hotA thaa| vaha eka bAra bImAra pdd'aa| use zvAsa, kAsa, jvara, dAha, kukSizUla, bhagandara, harasa, ajIrNa, dRSTizUla, mastakazUla, aruci, netravedanA, karNavedanA, kaMDU, jalodara va kuSTa-isa prakAra solaha roga eka sAtha hue / upacAra ke liye vaidya, vaidyaputra, jJAtA, jJAtAputra, cikitsaka, cikitsakaputra Adi vividha upacAraka apane sAdhanoM va upakaraNoM se sajjita ho usake pAsa aaye| unhoMne aneka upAya kiye kintu rAThaur3a kA eka bhI roga zAnta na huaa| vaha DhAI sau varSa kI Ayu meM mRtyu prApta kara naraka meM gayA aura vahAM kA bAyuSya pUrNa kara mRgAputra huaa| mRgAputra ke garbha meM Ate hI mugAdevI apane pati ko apriya hone lgii| mRgAdevI ne garbhanAza ke aneka upAya kiye / isake lie usane aneka prakAra kI hAnikAraka auSadhiyAM bhI lIM kintu pariNAma kucha na nikalA / anta meM mRgAputra kA janma huaa| janma hote hI mRgAdevI ne use gAMva ke bAhara pheMkavA diyA kintu pati ke samajhAne para punaH apane pAsa rakhakara usakA pAlana-poSaNa kiyaa| gautama ne bhagavAna se pUchA ki yaha mRgAputra marakara kahAM jAyegA ? bhagavAna ne batAyA ki siMha Adi aneka bhava grahaNa karane ke bAda supratiSThapura meM gorUpa se janma legA, evaM vahA~ gaGgA ke kinAre miTTI meM daba kara marane ke bAda punaH usI nagara meM eka seTha kA putra hogaa| bAda meM saudharma devaloka meM devarUpa se janma grahaNa kara mahAvideha meM siddhi prApta kregaa| kAmadhvajA va ujjhitaka : dvitIya kathA kA sthAna vANijyagrAma (vartamAna baniyAgAMva jo ki vaizAlI ke pAsa hai), rAjA mitra evaM rAno zrI hai / kathA kI mukhya nAyikA kAmajjhayA

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vipAkasUtra 277 kAmadhvajA gaNikA hai| vaha 72 kalA, 64 gaNikA-guNa, 29 anya guNa, 21 ratiguNa, 32 puruSocita kAmopacAra Adi meM nipuNa thI; vividha bhASAoM va lipiyoM meM kuzala thI; saMgIta, nATya, gAMdharva Adi vidyAoM meM pravINa thii| usake ghara para dhvaja phaharAtA thaa| usakI fIsa hajAra mudrAe~ thIM / use rAjA ne chatra, cAmara Adi de rakhe the| isa prakAra vaha pratiSThita gaNikA thii| kAmadhvajA gaNikA ke adhIna hajAroM gaNikAe~ thiiN| vijayamitra nAmaka eka seTha kA putra ujjhitaka isa gaNikA ke sAtha rahane lagA evaM mAnavIya kAmabhoga bhogane lgaa| yaha ujjhitaka pUrvabhava meM hastinApura nivAsI bhIma nAmaka kUTagrAha (prANiyoM ko phaide meM phaMsAnevAlA) kA gotrAsa nAmaka putra thaa| ujjhitaka kA pitA vijayamitra vyApAra ke lie videza ravAnA huaa| vaha mArga meM lavaNa samudra meM DUba gyaa| usakI bhAryA subhadrA bhI isa durghaTanA ke AghAta se mRtyu ko prApta huii| ujjhitaka kAmadhvajA ke sAtha hI rahatA thaa| vaha pakkA zarAbI, juArI, cora va vezyAgAmI bana cukA thaa| durbhAgyavaza isI samaya mitra rAjA kI bhAryA zrI rAnI ko yonizUla roga haa| rAjA ne saMbhoga ke lie kAmadhvajA ko apanI upapatnI banAkara usake yahA~ se ujjhitaka ko nikAla diyaa| rAjA kI manAhI hone para bhI eka bAra ujjhitaka kAmadhvajA ke yahA~ pakar3A gyaa| rAjA ke naukaroM ne use khUba pITA, pITa-pITa kara adhamarA kara diyA aura pradarzana ke lie gAMva meM ghumaayaa| mahAvIra ke ziSya indrabhUti ne use dekhA evaM mahAvIra se pUchA ki yaha ujjhitaka mara kara kahA~ jAyegA ? mahAvIra ne mRgAputra kI maraNotara durgati kI bhAMti isakI bhI durgati batAI va kahA ki anta meM yaha mahAvideha meM janma lekara mukta hogaa| ujjhitaka kI vezyAgamana ke kAraNa yaha gati huii| abhagnasena : tIsarI kathA meM abhagnasena nAmaka cora kA varNana hai| vaha pUrvabhava meM ati pAtako, mAMsAhArI tathA zarAbI thA / sthAna kA nAma purimatAla (prayAga) batAyA gayA hai| isakA bhaviSya bhI mRgAputra ke hI samAna samajhanA caahie| isa kathA meM corI aura hiMsA ke pariNAma kI carcA hai / zakaTa: cauthI kathA zakaTa nAmaka yuvaka kI hai| yaha kathA ujjhitaka kI kathA se lagabhaga milatI-julatI hai / isameM vezyA kA nAma sudarzanA tathA nagarI kA nAma sAhajanI-zAkhAJjanI hai|

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278 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bRhaspatidatta : pAMcavIM kathA bRhaspatidatta nAmaka purohita-putra kI hai| nagarI kA nAma kauzAMbI (vartamAna kosama gA~va), rAjA kA nAma zatAnIka, rAnI kA nAma mRgAvatI, kumAra kA nAma udayana, kumAravadhU kA nAma padmAvatI, purohita kA nAma somadatta aura purohita putra kA nAma bRhaspatidatta hai / bRhaspatidatta pUrvajanma meM mahezvaradatta nAmaka purohita thaa| vaha Rgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda aura atharvaveda meM nipuNa thaa| apane rAjA jitazatru kI zAnti ke lie pratidina brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ke eka-eka bAlaka ko pakar3avAkara unake hRdaya ke mAMsapiNDa se zAntiyajJa karatA thaa| aSTamI aura caturdazI ke dina do-do bAlakoM ko pakar3avAkara zAntiyajJa karatA thaa| isI prakAra cAra mahIne meM cAra-cAra bAlakoM, chaH mahIne meM ATha-ATha bAlakoM tathA varSa meM solaha-solaha bAlakoM ke hRdayapiNDa dvArA zAntiyajJa karatA thaa| jisa samaya rAjA jitazatru yuddha meM jAtA usa samaya usakI vijaya ke lie brAhmaNAdi pratyeka ke eka sau ATha bAlakoM ke hRdayapiNDa dvArA zAntiyajJa karatA thaa| pariNAmataH rAjA kI vijaya hotI thI / mahezvaradatta mara kara purohita somadatta kA bRhaspatidatta nAmaka putra huaa| rAjaputra udayana ne ise apanA purohita bnaayaa| ina donoM ke pArasparika sambandha ke kAraNa bRhaspatidatta antaHpura meM bhI Ane-jAne lgaa| yahAM taka ki vaha udayana kI patnI padmAvatI ke sAtha kAmakrIDA karane lgaa| jaba udayana ko isa bAta kA patA lagA to usane bRhaspatidatta kI bahuta durdazA kI tathA anta meM use maravA DAlA / ___ isa kathA meM naramegha va zatrudhna-yajJa kA nirdeza hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM naramegha hote the va rAjA apanI zAnti ke lie narahiMsaka yajJa karavAte the| isase yaha bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki brAhmaNa patita hone para kaise kukarma kara sakate haiN| naMdivardhana : chaThI kathA naMdivardhana kI hai| nagarI mathurA, rAjA zrIdAma, rAno baMdhuzrI, kumAra naMdivardhana, amAtya subaMdhu va AlaMkArika (nApita) citra hai| kumAra naMdivardhana pUrvabhava meM duryodhana nAmaka jelara athavA phaujadAra thaa| vaha aparAdhiyoM ko bhayaMkara yAtanAeM detA thaa| ina yAtanAoM kI tulanA nArakIya yAtanAoM se kI gaI hai| prastuta kathA meM ina yAtanAoM kA romAMcakArI varNana hai| duryodhana mara kara zrIdAma kA putra naMdivardhana hotA hai| use apane pitA kA rAjya zIghrAtizIghra prApta karane kI icchA hotI hai| isa icchA kI pUrti ke lie vaha alaMkArika citra se hajAmata banavAte samaya ustare se zrIdAma kA galA kATa

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vipAkasUtra 279 dene ke lie kahatA hai / citra yaha bAta zrIdAma ko batA detA hai / zrIdAma naMdivardhana ko pakar3avAkara durdazApUrvaka maravA detA hai / naMdivardhana kA jIva bhI anta meM mahAvideha meM siddha hogA / uMbaradatta va dhanvantari vaidya : sAtavIM kathA uMbaradatta kI hai / gA~va kA nAma pATalikhaMDa, rAjA kA nAma siddhArtha, sArthavAha kA nAma sAgaradatta, usakI bhAryA kA nAma gaMgadattA aura unake putra kA nAma uMbaradatta hai / uMbaradatta pUrvabhava meM dhanvantari nAmaka vaidya thA / dhanvantari aSTAMga Ayurveda kA jJAtA thA : bAlacikitsA, zAlAkya, zalyacikitsA, kAyacikitsA, viSacikitsA, bhUtavidyA, rasAyana aura vAjIkaraNa / usake laghuhasta zubhahasta aura zivahasta vizeSaNa kuzalatA ke sUcaka the / vaha aneka prakAra ke rogiyoM kI cikitsA karatA thA / zramaNoM tathA brAhmaNoM kI paricaryA karatA thA / auSadhi meM vividha prakAra ke mAMsa kA upayoga karane ke kAraNa dhanvantari mara kara naraka meM gayA / vahA~ se Ayu pUrNa kara sAgaradatta kA putra ubaradatta huA / mAtA ke uMbaradatta nAmaka yakSa kI manautI karane ke kAraNa isakA nAma bhI uMbaradatta rakhA gyaa| isakA pitA jahAja TUTa jAne ke kAraNa samudra meM DUba kara mara gayA / mAtA bhI mRtyu ko prApta huI / uMbaradatta anAtha ho ghara-ghara bhIkha mA~gane lagA / use aneka rogoM ne ghera liyA / hAtha-paira kI aMguliyA~ gira pddiiN| sAre zarIra se rudhira bahane lagA | uMbaradatta ko aisI hAlata meM dekha kara gautama ne mahAvIra se prazna kiyA / mahAvIra ne usake pUrvabhava aura AgAmI bhava para prakAza DAlA evaM batAyA ki anta meM vaha mahAvideha meM mukta hogA / zaurika machalImAra : AThavIM kathA zaurika nAmaka machalImAra kI hai / zaurika gale meM machalI kA kA~TA pha~sa jAne ke kAraNa tIvra vedanA se karAha rahA thA / vaha pUrva janma meM kisI rAjA kA rasoiyA thA jo vividha prakAra ke pazu-pakSiyoM kA mAMsa pakAtA, mAMsa ke vaividhya se rAjA-rAnI ko khuza rakhatA aura khuda bhI mAMsAhAra karatA thA / pariNAmataH vaha mara kara zaurika machalImAra huA / devadattA : navIM kathA devadattA nAmaka strI kI hai / yaha kathA isa prakAra hai :siMhasena nAmaka rAjaputra ne eka hI dina meM pAMca sau kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha kiyA / daheja meM khUba sampatti prApta huI / ina bhAryAoM meM se zyAmA nAmaka strI para rAjakumAra vizeSa Asakta thA / zeSa 499 striyoM kI vaha tanika bhI paravAha nahIM karatA thA / yaha dekha kara una upekSita striyoM kI mAtAoM ne socA

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280 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ki zastraprayoga, viSaprayoga athavA agniprayoga dvArA zyAmA kA khAtmA kara diyA jAya to hamArI kanyAe~ sukhI ho jaayN| yaha bAta kisI taraha zyAmA ko mAlUma ho gii| usane rAjA ko sUcita kiyaa| rAjA ne una striyoM evaM unakI mAtAoM ko bhojana ke bahAne eka mahala meM ekatra kara mahala meM Aga lagA dii| saba striyA~ jala kara bhasma ho gii| hatyArA rAjA mara kara naraka meM gyaa| vahAM ko Ayu samApta kara devadattA nAmaka strI humA / devadattA kA vivAha eka rAjaputra se huaa| rAjaputra mAtRbhakta thA ataH adhika samaya mAtA kI sevA meM hI vyatIta karatA thaa| prAtaHkAla uThate hI rAjaputra puSpanaMdI mAtA zrIdevI ko praNAma karatA thaa| bAda meM usake zarIra para apane hAthoM se tela Adi kI mAliza kara use nahalAtA evaM bhojana karAtA thaa| bhojana karane ke bAda usake apane kakSa meM so jAne para hI puSpanandI nityakarma se nivRtta ho bhojana karatA thaa| isase devadattA ke Ananda meM vighna par3ane lgaa| vaha rAjamAtA kI jIvanalIlA samApta karane kA upAya socane lgii| eka bAra rAjamAtA ke madya pI kara nizcita hokara so jAne para devadattA ne tapta lohazalAkA usakI gudA meM jora se ghuser3a dii| rAjamAtA kI mRtyu ho gaI / rAjA ko devadattA ke isa kukarma kA patA laga gyaa| usane use pakar3avA kara mRtyudaNDa kA Adeza diyaa| aMjU : dasavIM kathA aMjU kI hai| sthAna kA nAma vardhamAnapura, rAjA kA nAma vijaya, sArthavAha kA nAma dhanadeva, sArthavAha kI patnI kA nAma priyaMgu evaM sArthavAhaputrI kA nAma aMjU hai| aMjU pUrvabhava meM gaNikA thii| gaNikA kA pApamaya jIvana samApta kara dhanadeva kI putrI huI thii| aMjU kA vivAha rAjA vijaya ke sAtha huaa| pUrvakRta pApakarmoM ke kAraNa aMjU ko yonizUla roga huaa| aneka upacAra karane para bhI roga zAnta na huaa| upayukta kathAoM meM ullikhita pAtra aitihAsika hai yA nahIM, yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| sukha vipAka : sukha vipAka nAma dvitIya zrutaskandha meM AnevAlI dasa kathAoM meM puNya ke pariNAma kI carcA hai / jisa prakAra duHkha vipAka kI kathAoM meM kisI asatyabhASI kI tathA mahAparigrahI ko kathA nahIM Ato uso prakAra sukha vipAka kI kathAoM meM kisI satyabhASI kI tathA aicchika alpaparigrahI kI kathA nahIM aatii| AcAra ke isa pakSa kA vipAkasUtra meM pratinidhitva na honA avazya vicAraNIya hai| vipAka kA viSaya : isa sUtra ke viSaya ke sambandha meM acelaka paramparA ke rAjavAtika, dhavalA, jayadhavalA aura aMgapaNNatti meM batAyA gayA hai ki isameM duHkha aura sukha ke vipAka

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'vipAkasUtra 281 arthAt pariNAma kA varNana hai / sacelaka paramparA ke samavAyAMga tathA nandIsUtra meM bhI isI prakAra vipAka ke viSaya kA paricaya diyA gayA hai / isa prakAra vipAkasUtra ke viSaya ke sambandha meM donoM paramparAoM meM koI vaiSamya nahIM hai / nandI aura samavAya meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki asatya aura parigrahavRtti ke pariNAmoM kI bhI isa sUtra meM carcA kI gaI hai / upalabdha vipAka meM etadviSayaka koI kathA nahIM milatI / adhyayana - nAma : sthAnAMga meM karmavipAka ( duHkhavipAka ) ke dasa adhyayanoM ke nAma diye gaye haiM mRgAputra, gotrAsa, aMDa, zakaTa, brAhmaNa, naMdiSeNa, zauyaM, uduMbara, sahasoddAha - Amaraka aura kumAra licchavI / upalabdha vipAka meM milanevAle kucha nAma ina nAmoM se bhinna haiM / gotrAsa nAma ujjhitaka ke anya bhava kA nAma hai| aMDa nAma abhagnasena dvArA pUrvabhava meM kiye gaye aMDe ke vyApAra kA sUcaka hai / brAhmaNa nAma kA sambandha - bRhaspatidatta purohita se hai / naMdiSeNa kA nAma naMdivardhana ke sthAna para prayukta huA hai / sahasoddAha - Amaraka kA sambandha rAjA kI mAtA ko taptazalAkA se mAranevAlI devadattA ke sAtha jur3A huA mAlUma hotA hai / kumAralicchavI ke sthAna para upalabdha nAma aMjU hai / aMjU ke apane antima bhava meM kisI seTha ke yahA~ putra rUpa se arthAt kumArarUpa se janma grahaNa karane kI ghaTanA kA ullekha AtA hai / saMbhavataH isa ghaTanA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara sthAnAMga meM kumAralicchavI nAma kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / licchavI zabda kA sambandha licchavI nAmaka vaMzavizeSa se vRttikAra ne 'lecchaI' kA artha 'lipsa' arthAt ' lAbha prApta karane kI vRttivAlA vaNik' kiyA hai / yaha athaM ThIka nahIM hai / yahA~ 'lecchaI' kA artha 'licchavI baMza' hI abhipreta hai / sthAnAMga ke isa nAmabheda kA kAraNa vAcanAntara mAnA jAya to koI asaMgati na hogI / sthAnAMgakAra ne sukhavipAka ke dasa adhyayanoM ke nAmoM - kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai /

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1. pariziSTa dRSTivAda bArahavAM aMga dRSTivAda anupalabdha hai ataH isakA paricaya kaise diyA jAya ? nandisUtra meM isakA sAdhAraNa paricaya diyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : dRSTivAda kI vAcanAe~ parimita arthAt aneka haiM, anuyogadvAra saMkhyeya haiM, veDha (chaMdavizeSa) saMkhyeya haiM, zloka saMkhyeya haiM, prattipattiyA~ (samajhAne ke sAdhana) saMkhyeya haiM, niyuktiyA~ saMkhyeya haiM, saMgrahaNiyA~ saMkhyeya hai, aGga kI apekSA se yaha bArahavAM aGga hai, isameM eka zrutaskandha hai, saMkhyeya sahasra pada haiM, akSara saMkhyeya hai, gama evaM paryava ananta haiN| isameM trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM, dharmAstikAya Adi zAzvata padArthoM evaM kriyAjanya padArthoM kA paricaya hai| isa prakAra jina-praNIta samasta bhAvoM kA nirUpaNa isa bArahaveM aMga meM upalabdha hai| jo mumukSu isa aMga meM batAI huI paddhati ke anusAra AcaraNa karatA hai vaha jJAna ke abheda kI apekSA se dRSTivAdarUpa ho jAtA hai-usakA jJAtA va vijJAtA ho jAtA hai| dRSTivAda ke pUrva Adi bhavoM ke viSaya meM pahale prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai (pR0 44, 48-51) / yaha bArahavAM aMga bhadrabAhu ke samaya se hI naSTaprAyaH hai| ataH isake viSaya meM spaSTa rUpa se kucha bhI nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| maladhArI hemacandra ne apanI vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI vRtti meM kucha bhASya-gAthAoM ko 'pUrvagata" batAyA hai / isake atirikta etadviSayaka vizeSa paricaya upalabdha nahIM hai|

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2. pariziSTa acelaka paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM sacelakasammata aMgAdigata avataraNoM kA ullekha ___jisa prakAra vartamAna aMgasUtrAdi Agama sacelaka paramparA ko mAnya haiM usI prakAra acelaka paramparA ko mAnya rahe haiM, yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai| acelaka paramparA ke laghupratikramaNa sUtra ke mUla pATha meM jJAtAsUtra ke unnIsa adhyayana ginAye haiN| isI prakAra sUtrakRtAMga ke teIsa evaM AcAraprakalpa (AcArAMga) ke aThAIsa adhyayanoM ke nAma diye gaye haiN| rAjavAtika Adi granthoM meM bhI aMgaviSayaka ullekha upalabdha hai kintu amuka sUtra meM itane adhyayana hai, aisA ullekha inameM nahIM miltaa| isa prakAra kA spaSTa ullekha acelaka paramparA ke laghupratikramaNa evaM sacelaka paramparA ke sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga va nandIsUtra meM upalabdha hai / isI prakAra kA ullekha acelaka paramparA ke prasiddha grantha pratikramaNagranthatrayo kI AcArya prabhAcandrakRta vRtti meM vistArapUrvaka milatA hai, yadyapi ina nAmoM va sacelaka paramparAsammata nAmoM meM kahIM-kahIM antara hai jo nagaNya hai| jJAtAsUtra ke unnIsa adhyayanoM ke nAma laghupratikramaNa meM isa prakAra ginAye gaye hai : ukkoDaNA ga kumbha aMDaya rohiNi sissa tuba' saMghAde / mAdaMgima lli caMdina tAvaddevaya tika' talAya12 kiNNe13 // 1 // susukeya14 avarakake15 naMdIphalaM16 udagaNAhI maMDukke18 / ettA ya puMDarIgo9 NAhajjhANANi uNavIsaM // 2 // sacelaka paramparA meM etadviSayaka saMgrahagAthAeM isa prakAra haiM :ukkhitte' NAe saMghADe aMDe kumme sele"| tube ya rohiNo mallI' mAgaMdI caMdimA'deg iya / / 1 // dAvaddave' udagaNAe12 maMDukka'3 teyalI ceva / naMdiphale15 avarakaMkA' Ayanne susu puMDarIyA'9 // 2 // ye gAthAe~ savRttika AvazyakasUtra (pR. 653) ke pratikramaNAdhikAra meM haiN| sUtrakRtAMga ke teIsa adhyayanoM ke nAma pratikramaNagraMthatrayI kI vRtti meM isa prakAra hai :

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa ra same vedArlijje etto uvasagga itthipariNAme / tara vIrathu dI kusola paribhASae vIrie ' // 1 // dhammo ya agga" magrga " samovarasara 12 NaMtikAla gaMthahide | AdA 4 taditthagAthA" puMDarIko 6 kiriyAThANe // 2 // AhAraya" parimANe pancakkhANa" aNagAra guNakitti / suda21 attha e NAlade23 sudda yaujjhANANi 16 20 22 tevIsaM // 3 // 284 ina gAthAoM se bilakula milatA huA pATha ukta AvazyakasUtra ( pR0 651 tathA 658) meM isa prakAra hai : samae' yA 'lIyaM uvasagga' pariNNa thIpariNNA ya / nirayavibhattI vIrattha ' o ya kusIlANaM parihAsA // 1 // vIriya' dhamma ' samAhI" magga" samosaraNaM" ahatahaM* graMthoM4 / jamaIaM" taha gAhA 16 solasamaM hoi ajjhayaNaM // 2 // pu'DarIya " kiriyaTThA" NaM AhArapa" riNNa paccakkhA 20NAkiriyAya / aNagAra" adda 22 nAlaMdara 3 solasAI tevIsaM // 3 // -17 acelaka paramparA ke graMtha bhagavatI ArAdhanA athavA mUlaArAdhanA kI aparAjitasUrikRta vijayodayA nAmaka vRtti meM AcArAMga, dazavekAlika, Avazyaka, uttarAdhyayana evaM sUtrakRtAMga ke pAThoM kA ullekha kara yatra-tatra kucha carcA kI gaI hai|' isameM 'niSedhe'pi uktam' (pR. 612) yoM kahakara nizIthasUtra kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai / itanA hI nahIM, bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI aneka gAthAe~ sacelaka paramparA ke payannA - prakIrNaka Adi graMthoM meM akSarazaH upalabdha hotI haiM / isase spaSTa mAlama hotA hai ki prAcIna samaya meM acelaka paramparA aura sacelaka paramparA ke bIca kAphI acchA samparka thA / unheM eka-dUsare ke zAstroM kA jJAna bhI thA / tattvArthasUtra ke vijayAdiSu dvicaramAH ' ( 4.26) kI vyAkhyA karate hue rAjavArtikakAra bhaTTAkalaMka ne 'evaM hi vyAkhyAprajJaptidaNDakeSu uktam' yoM kaha kara vyAkhyAprajJapti arthAt bhagavatIsUtra kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai evaM use pramANarUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai / bhaTTAkalaMka nirdiSTa yaha viSaya vyAkhyAprajJapti ke 24 veM zataka ke 22 veM uddezaka ke 16 veM evaM 17 veM praznottara meM upalabdha hai / dhavalAkAra vorasena 'logo vAdapadiTTido tti viyAhapaNNattavayaNAdo' (SaTkhaNDAgama, 3, pR. 35) yoM kahakara vyAkhyAprajJapti kA pramANarUpa se ullekha karate haiM / yaha viSaya vyAkhyAprajJapti ke prathama zataka ke chaThe uddezaka ke 224 veM praznottara meM upalabdha hai / isI prakAra dazavekAlika, 1. udAharaNa ke lie dekhiye -pU. 277, 307, 353, 609, 611.

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pariziSTa 285. anuyogadvAra, sthAnAMga va vizeSAvazyakabhASya sambandhita aneka saMdarbha aura avataraNa ghavalA TIkA meM upalabdha hote haiM / etadviSayaka vizeSa jAnakArI tad-tad bhAga ke pariziSTa dekhane se ho sakatI hai / acelaka paramparA ke mUlAcAra graMtha ke status ke saptama adhikAra meM AnevAlI 192 vIM gAthA kI vRtti meM AcArya vasunaMdI spaSTa likhate haiM ki etadviSayaka vizeSa jAnakArI AcArAMga se kara lenI cAhie : AcArAGgAt bhavati jJAtavyaH | yaha AcArAMgasUtra vahI hai jo vartamAna meM sacelaka paramparA meM vidyamAna hai / mUlAcAra meM aisI aneka gAthAe~ haiM jo Avazyaka niyukti kI gAthAoM se kAphI milatI-julatI haiM / inakI vyAkhyA meM pIche se honevAle saMkucita paramparAbheda athavA pArasparika samparka ke abhAva ke kAraNa kucha antara avazya dRSTigocara hote haiM / isa prakAra acelaka paramparA kI sAhityasAmagrI dekhane se spaSTa mAlUma par3atA hai ki isa paramparA meM bhI upalabdha aMga Adi AgamoM ko supratiSThita sthAna prApta huA hai / Agraha kA atireka hone para viparIta paristhiti kA janma huA evaM pArasparika samparka tathA sneha kA hrAsa hotA gayA /

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3. pariziSTa AgamoM kA prakAzana va saMzodhana eka samaya thA jaba dharmagranthoM ke likhane kA rivAja na thaa| usa samaya dharmaparAyaNa AtmArthI loga dharmagranthoM ko kaMThastha kara surakSita rakhate evaM upadeza dvArA unakA yathAzakya pracAra karane kA prayatna karate the / zArIrika aura sAmAjika paristhiti meM parivartana hone para jaina nirgranthoM ne apavAda kA Azraya lete hue bhI AgamAdi granthoM ko tADapatrAdi para lipibaddha kiyaa| isa prakAra ke likhita sAhitya kI surakSA ke lie bhArata meM jainoM ne jo prayatna, parizrama aura arthavyaya kiyA hai vaha bejor3a hai| aisA hote hue bhI hastalikhita granthoM dvArA adhyayana-adhyApana tathA pracArakArya utanA nahIM ho sakatA jitanA ki honA cAhie / mudraNa yuga kA prAdurbhAva hone para pratyeka dharma ke AcArya va gRhastha sAvadhAna hue evaM apane-apane dharmasAhitya ko chapavAne kA prayatna karane lge| tibbatI paMDitoM ne mudraNakalA kA Azraya lekara prAcIna sAhitya kI surakSA kii| vaidika va bauddha logoM ne bhI apane-apane dharmagranthoM ko chapavA kara prakAzita kiyaa| jainAcAryoM va jaina gRhasthoM ne apane Agama granthoM ko prakAzita karane kA usa samaya koI prayatna nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne Agama-prakAzana meM aneka prakAra kI dhArmika bAdhAe~ dekhIM / koI kahatA ki chApane se to AgamoM kI AzAtanA arthAt apamAna hone lgegaa| koI kahatA ki chApane se vaha sAhitya kisI ke bhI hAtha meM paha~cegA, jisase usakA durupayoga bhI hone lgegaa| koI kahatA ki AgamoM ko chApane meM Arambha-samArambha hone se pApa lgegaa| koI kahatA ki chapane para to zrAvaka loga bhI Agama par3hane lageMge jo ucita nahIM hai| isa prakAra vividha dRSTiyoM se samAja meM AgamoM ke prakAzana ke viruddha vAtAvaraNa paidA huaa| aisA hote hue bhI kucha sAhasI evaM pragatizIla jaina aguoM ne AgamasAhitya kA prakAzana prArambha kiyaa| isake lie unheM paramparAgata aneka rUr3hiyoM ko bhaMga karanA pdd'aa| __ ajImagaMja, baMgAla ke bAbU dhanapatasiMha jI ko AgamoM ko mudrita karavAne kA vicAra sarvaprathama sUjhA / unhoMne samasta AgamoM ko TaboM ke sAtha prakAzita kiyaa| jaisA ki sunA jAtA hai, isake bAda zrI vIracanda rAghavajI ko prathama sarvadharmapariSad meM cikAgo bhejanevAle vijayAnandasUrijI ne bhI Agama-prakAzana ko sahArA diyA evaM isa kArya ko karanevAloM ko protsAhita kiyaa| seTha bhImasiMha mANeka ne bhI Agama-prakAzana kI pravRtti prArambha kI evaM TIkA va anuvAda ke sAtha eka-do Agama nikAle / videza meM jarmana vidvAnoM ne 'sekreDa buksa oNpha dI IsTa' graMthamAlA ke antargata tathA anya rUpa meM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, nizISa, kalpasUtra

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pariziSTa 287 uttarAdhyayana Adi ko mUla athavA anuvAda ke rUpa meM prakAzita kiyaa| sthAnakavAso paramparA ke jIvarAja ghelAbhAI nAmaka gRhastha ne jarmana vidvAnoM dvArA mudrita romana lipi ke AgamoM ko nAgarI lipi meM prakAzita kiyaa| isake bAda sva0 AnandasAgara sUrijI ne Agamodaya samiti kI sthApanA kara eka ke bAda eka karake tamAma AgamoM kA prakAzana kiyA / sUrijI kA puruSArtha aura parizrama abhinandanIya hote hue bhI sAdhanoM kI parimitatA tathA sahayoga ke abhAva ke kAraNa yaha kAma jitanA acchA honA cAhie thA utanA acchA nahIM ho paayaa| isa bIca prastuta lekhaka ne vyAkhyAprajJapti-bhagavatIsUtra ke do bar3e-bar3e bhAga mUla, TIkA, anuvAda (mUla va TIkA donoM kA) tathA TippaNiyoM sahita zrI jinAgama prakAzana sabhA kI sahAyatA se prakAzita kiye| isa prakAzana ke kAraNa jaina samAja meM bhArI UhApoha huaa| isake bAda jainasaMgha ke agraNI kuMvarajI bhAI AnandajI kI adhyakSatA meM calane vAlI jainadharma prasAraka sabhA ne bhI kucha AgamoM kA anuvAda sahita prakAzana kiyaa| isa prakAra Agama-prakAzana kA mArga prazasta hotA gyaa| aba to kahIM virodha kA nAma bhI nahIM dikhAI detA / idhara sthAnakavAsI muni amolaka RSi jI ne bhI haidarAbAda ke eka jaina agraNI kI sahAyatA se battIsa AgamoM kA hindI anuvAda sahita prakAzana kiyaa| RSijI ne isake lie ati zrama kiyA jo sarAhanIya hai, kintu saMzodhana kI kamI ke kAraNa isa prakAzana meM aneka sthAnoM para TiyA~ raha gaI haiM / aba to terApaMthI muni bhI isa kAma meM rasa lene lage haiN| paMjAbI muni sva0 AtmArAmajI mahArAja ne bhI anuvAda sahita kucha AgamoM kA prakAzana kiyA hai| muni phUlacandajI 'bhikSu' ne battIsa AgamoM ko do bhAgoM meM prakAzita kiyA hai| isameM bhikSajI ne aneka pATha badala diye haiM / vayovRddha muni ghAsIlAlajI ne bhI Agama-prakAzana kA kArya kiyA hai / inhoMne jaina paramparA ke AcAra-vicAra ko ThIka-ThIka nahIM jAnanevAle brAhmaNa paNDitoM dvArA AgamoM para vivecana likhavAyA hai| ataH isameM kAphI avyavasthA huI hai| idhara AgamaprabhAkara muni puNyavijayajI ne AgamoM ke prakAzana kA kArya prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI ke tattvAvadhAna meM prArambha kiyA hai| yaha prakAzana Adhunika zailI se yukta hogaa| isameM mUla pATha, niyukti, bhASya, cUNi evaM vRtti kA yathAvasara samAveza kiyA jAyagA / AvazyakatAnusAra pAThAntara bhI diye jaaeNge| viSaya-sUcI, zabdAnukramaNikA, pariziSTa, prastAvanA Adi bhI rheNge| isa prakAra yaha prakAzana niHsaMdeha Adhunika paddhati kA eka zreSTha prakAzana hogA, aisI apekSA aura AzA hai| mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya bhI mUla AgamoM ke prakAzana ke lie prayatnazIla hai /

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anukramaNikA pRSTha m zabda aMtagaDadasA aMtara aMtahuMDI aMdhakavRSNi aMbaSTha akarmavIrya akalaMka pRSTha 92, 94, 261 246, 247 249 262 134 192 87, 91, 225 173, 174 akalpya akasmAt akasmAtdaMDa akriyAvAda akriyAvAdI 202, 203 91, 194 139, 146, 172, 196, 248 221 aMgarUpa zabda a aMkalipi 22. aMkalezvara aMkulezvara aMkulesara aMkuza 252 aMga 81, 82, 88, 100, 116, aMgapaNNatti 88,91, 93, 100, 103, 111,173, 280 aMgapuMcha 143 aMgapraviSTa 65,79, 82, 217 aMgabAhya 65, 80, 81, 82, 217 aMgarisi 80 aMgavidyA 204 aMgasUtra 127, 212 aMgirasa 70 aMgutaranikAya 175, 216 aMguSThaprazna 269. 273 aMgochA 142 aMjU 280, 281 aMDa 251, 281 aMDakRta 182 aMDA 251, 270 aMtakRta 81 aMtakRtadazA 90,261 aMtakRdda zam 90, 91 aMtakRdazA 88, 90, 91, 98, 100, 222, 261 220 262 79 akSara akSarapuSThikA akSarazruta akSobha agamika agas agastyasiMha agni agnikAya agniprayoga agnivezyAyana agnihotrIya agnihomavAdI agra agrapiMDa agrabIja 232 102 227, 244 241 280 240 237 159 204

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290 zabda agrAyaNa agrayaNIya acelaka pRSTha 100 90, 99, 100 62, 72, 87, 90, 93, 96, 101,111, 114, 154, 280, 283 114, 154 272 229, 230 232 240 195 201 286 276 172, 231 247 ajJAnavAda 91, 177 ajJAnavAdI 139, 172, 195, 248 ajJeyavAda 177 aNAriya aNuttarovavAiyadasA aNuvasu aNuvrata atithi acelakatA acauryaM acyuta achatra achidra ajamArga ajita kezakambala ajImagaMja ajIrNa ajIva ajJAna atimukta atimuktaka asthikAya atharvaveda adaMtadhAvana adattAdAna adattAdAnapratyayadaNDa addAgaprazna 149 92, 94 151 185, 252 159 265 263, 267 148 252, 278 232 193 202 269 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pRSTha 202 245 247 108 202, 203 zabda adharmakriyAsthAna adharmAstikAya adhyavasAna adhyavasAya adhyAtmapratyayadaNDa anaMga anaMgapraviSTa anaMgasenA anaMtajJAnI anaMtadarzI anaMtazruta anakSarazruta anagAra 262 156, 191 191 65 65 139, 243 173 200, 206 202, 203 167 167 201 139 132 74 65 183 149, 271 207 266 217 anuttaropapAtikadazam 90 anuttaropapAtikadazA 92 81, 222 anuttaropapAtika anuttaraupapAtikadazA 88, 90, 94, anagAraguNakIrti anagArazruta anarthadaNDa anavadyA anavadyAMgI anAtmavAda anAtmavAdI anAthapiMDika anAdika anAdikazruta anAraMbha anArya anAryadeza anuttara anuttaravimAna 81, 82 65, 79

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anukramaNikA 291 pRSTha 181, 191 287 262 134 220, 239 zabda 98, 100, 266,267 anupAnahatA 232 anubaMdha 247 anuyogagata anayogadvAra 59, 285 anayogadvAravRtti 102 anekavAdI anekAMtavAda 77 annautthiyA 107 anyatIthika 226, 244 anyayUthika 107, 172 anyaliMgasiddha anyonyakriyA 122, 123 apamAna 186 aparAjita aparAjitasUri 284 aparAjitasUrikRta 88 aparigraha 273 aparyavasita 65, 74 apAna apauruSeyaH aprAmANya 77 abrahmacarya 193, 271, 272 abhagnasena 277, 281 abhayakumAra 207, 267 abhayadeva 63, 93, 129, 176, 212, 214, 270 abhavasiddhika 248 abhavya 247 abhidharmakoza abhidhAnacintAmaNi 181 abhinaya abhyaMga amarakoza amolakaRSi ayala ayogava arabI ariSTanemi aruci aruNamahAsAla arjuna arjunamAlI artha arthadaNDa arthapada ardhamAgadhI ahaMta ahaMtRSi alaMkArazAlA alpaparigrahI alpabahutva alpavayaskarAjya alpavastradhArI alpavRSTi avagraha avagrahapratimA avagrahaSaNA avacUrikA avatAravAda avadhijJAna avadhUta avaMdhya avarakaMkA 276 70 240,264 264 173 202 103 239 186 107 280 247 164 115 223 154, 165 114 122, 123, 165 249 183 64, 155, 259 119 190 255

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292 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pRSTha 118 256 160 pRSTha zabda avazyAna 162 asthibahula 162 avasapiNI 246 asnAna 186, 232 avastra aspaSTatA 173 aviruddha 254 asyAdvAda avestA 15, 59, 74,75, 78, ahatyA 272 ahiMsA 108, 246, 270, 272 avestA-gAthA 75 ahiMsAdharma avyAkRta 107 ahinnikA 272 avyAbAgha 246 A avvAbAha 246 AiNNa 116, 121, azana 158 AMdhrapradeza azAMtarAjya 164 Akara azoka 176, 221 Akaramaha azvamitra 215 AkarSa 247 aSTamabhakta 138 AkAza 231, 246 aSTamI 278 AkAzamArga 195 aSTAMganimitta 204 AkAzAstikAya aSTAMgamahAnimitta Agama asaMjJI paMcendriya 248 Agama-grantha asatya 108, 193, 246, 270, Agama-prakAzana 286 271 AgamaprabhAkara 287 asatyabhASaka 270 Agamikazruta asatyavAdI 270 Agamodaya samiti asamanojJa 142 Agara asita AgAla asitadevala 70 Acarita 121 asura 243 AcAmla 162 asurakumAra 226 AcAra 81, 91, 93, 196 asurakumArendra 226 AcArakalpa astikAya 148, 245 AcAra cUlikA 114, 122 astinAstipravAda 90, 99, 101 AcAradazA 117 asteya 272 AcArapAhuDa 87 287 122

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anukramaNikA 220 193, 198 198 197 257, 259, 267 71, 131 287 229 163 152 125 281 zabda pRSTha zabda AcAraprakalpa 122, 283 AtmopaniSada AcArapraNAlI Adarza lipi AcArazruta 200, 206 AdAna AcArAMga 60, 61,80, 87, 89, AdAnIya 90, 97, 100, 101, 103, Apattadhijja 104, 105, 106, 108, AnaMda 111, 112, 121, 124, AnaMdaghana 126, 131, 143, 144, 145 AnaMdasAgarasUri 152, 167, 175, 184, AndolakamArga 197, 283, 284, 285, Abhiyogika 286 AbhUSaNa AcArAMganiyukti 103, 117, 124 AmagaMdha AcArAMganiyuktikAra 101 AmagaMdhasutta AcArAMgavRtti 72, 102, 103, 1.21 Amaraka 124 AmokSa AcArAMgavRttikAra 101, 147 AmrapAnaka AcArAgra 113, 122, 124 AyatacakSuSa AcAryabhASita 269 Ayatana AcAla Ayayacakkhu bAcIrNa 121 Ayarisa Ajaba 256 Ajanya 256 AyAra AjAti AyArasaMga AjIvaka 271 AyAraMga AjIvana brahmacarya 186 AyAre AjIvika 107, 140,159, 175, AyAro 187, 230, 240 AyAvAI AtmapravAda 91,99, 101 Ayurveda AtmavAdI 145 AyuSya AtmaSaSThavAdI 200,201 AraMbha AtmA 139, 234, 271 AraNyaka AtmArAmajI 287 AranAla 162 149 271 AyAma 162 117 279 108, 247 228 78, 103 162

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294 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zabda 271 197 159 pRSTha zabda Ariya 149 Astikya mAriyAyaNa AsphAlanasukha 173 Aropa 182 Asrava 153, 172, 174, 270, Aropya 182 AI 207 Ahattahiya ArdrakIya 181, 200, 207 AhAra 108,158, 247 AdrakumAra 181, 207 AhAraparijJA 200, 204 Ardrapura 207 AhArakapariNAma 173 Arya 149 Aryaveda 151 iMdra 108, 155, 226, 275 AryA 125 iMdrabhUti 209, 215, 226, 240, ArSaprAkRta 105 275 Ahatamata 208 iMdramaha . mAlaMkArika sabhA iMdrasthAna 265 Alua 234 iMdriya 247. Aluka 234 iMdriyopacaya 246 AlU 234 ikSvAku 113 AvaMti 117, 119 ikSvAkukula 159, 247 yAvazyaka 59, 217, 284 imalI 244 AvazyakacUNi 128, 241, 254 isigutta Avazyaka-niyukti 64, 285 AvazyakavRti 64,67, 173 IryA Avazyakavyatirikta 217 IryApatha AvazyakasUtra 283 IpithikI 245 AzIrvAda 198 IryAzuddhi 112 AzuprajJa 149, 191 Iya'SaNA 122, 123 Azrama 160 IzAdhaSTottarazatopaniSad 143 ASADha 215, 246 IzAnendra Asakti 272 Izvara 183 AsAsa 116 IzvarakAraNavAdI 201 Asiladevala 187 IzvarakRta 271 Asupanna 149 IzvaravAdI 200 215

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295 anukramaNikA zabda IzvarAdikartRtva IsAI pRSTha pRSTha 228 239 130 281 uMvaradatta 279 ugra 134, 251 ugrakula 159, 247 ugrasena 262 uccakula 159 uccattarikA 220 uccAraprasravaNa 122 uccAraprasravaNanikSepa 165 ucchedavAda ucchya Na 194 ujjayaMta 255 ujjhitaka 276, 281 uDuvAtitagaNa 214 utkAlika 79,82, 217 uttarakUlaga 237 uttara-kSatriyakuMDapura 166 uttarabalissaha 214 uttarabalissahagaNa 214 uttarAdhyayana 83, 116, 145, 284, 286 utthAna 175 utpAtavidyA 204 utpAda 99, 100 utsargazuddhi 112 utsava 159, 275 utsvedibha udaka 140, 208 udakajJAta 254 udaya 209 zabda udayagiri udayana 278 udoraNA 247 uduMbara udaMDaka 237 uddehagaNa 214 udyAna 108 udvataMnA 248 upakaraNa 119, 154, 160, 272 upacaya 246 upajAli 267 upadhAnazruta 114, 117, 121, 123, 124, 155 upaniSad 75, 78, 103, 139, 143, 144, 147, 151 upaniSadkAra upapatnI 277 upapAta 247, 248 upamAsatya upayoga 247 upasaMpadAhAni 247 upasarga 173, 186 upasargaparijJA 174, 186 upAMga 83 upAdhyAya upAsaka 81, 108, 180 upAsakadazA 82, 90, 94, 98, 100,175, 257 upAsakadazAMga 257, 259 upAsakAdhyayana upAsakAdhyayanadazA 92 ummajjaga 237 272

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296 jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa mo zabda ulluyatIra uvahANasubha uvahANasuya uvAsagadasA uvAsagadasAo ussayaNa pRSTha zabda 241 orAyana 117 121 auddezika 94 aupapAtika auSadhAlaya 194 kaMTakabahula 182 82, 83, 192 254 92 162 276 UMcAI 247 kaMDU kaMda 150 Rgveda 106, 108, 133, 151, 252, 278 Rjumati RSabhadeva 130, 134, 234 RSidAsa 267 RSibhASita 68, 187, 269 / 208 113, 114, 154 196 72 174 ekadaNDI ekavastradhArI ekavAdI ekAtmavAdI ekAdazAMga ekendriya ekkAI elAvacca esiakula 152, 162, 234 kaMdAhArI 234, 237 kaMpa 243 kaMpilla 262 kaMbala 154,165 kaTAsana kaThopaniSad 144 kanyA 255 kapaTa 193 kapila 71, 75, 77, 169, 229 kapiladarzana kapilavacana 73 kappamANavapucchAsutta kabIra 131 kamaNDala 236, 252 kammAragrAma kanmAvAI karaNa 246 karapAtrI 115 karisuzataka 248 karuNA karoTikA karNavedanA 276 karNikAra 240 147 248 276 214 168 145 aiDana airAvatI 207 222 252 ogha ojaAhAra ojhAjI 247 204 59

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anukramaNikA 297 276 276 zabda pRSTha karbaTa karma 175, 228 karmakANDa 77, 108, 252 karmagraMtha 102 karmacaya 177, 181 karmacayavAda 178 karmapravAda 91, 99, 101 karmaprasthApana 248 karmabandha 180 karmabandhana 181, 204 karmabhUmi 246 karmayoga 248 karmavAdI 145, 178 karmavipAka 281 karmavIrya 192 karmasamarjana 248 karmopArjana 248 kalaMda 240 108, 251, 277 kaliMgagata 130 kaliyuga 244 kalpa 247 kalpasUtra 95, 115, 127, 129, 214, 286 kalpAtIta kalpAntara 231 kalpya 173, 174 kalyANa 91,101 kalyANavijaya kalyoja 244 kavalIkAra AhAra 204 kaSAya 247 ............ zabda pRSTha kahAvalI 128 kAMkSAmohanIya 230 kAMjI kAMTA 162 kAMdapika 229 kAkaMdI 214, 268 kAdambarI 105, 253 kAmajjhayA kAmaDDhitagaNa 215 kAmadeva 257 kAmadhvajA kAmAveza 173 kAmiDDhi 214 kAmopacAra 277 kAmpitya 223 kAyacikitsA 279 kAyazuddhi 111 kArAgAra 251 kArtika 244, 267 kArtikaseTha 243 kAla 247 kAlasaMvedha kAlAsavesiyaputta 232 kAlika 79, 82, 122, 217 kAlikazrata 246 kAlidAsa 268 kAlI 265 kAlodAyI 107, 244 kAzI kAzyapa 199, 214 kAzyapagotrIya kAsa 276 247 247 240

Page #315
298 261 272 145 229 195 257 175 159 214 252 214 zabda kiMkama kinnarI kiriyAvAI kitviSika kIlakamArga kuMDakolika kuMDakoliya kuMDali kuMDikA kuMDila kuMdakaMda kuMbhaghara kuMvarajIbhAI AnaMdajI kukkuTaka kukkuraka kukSizUla kuNAla kuttiyAvaNa kubera kumAraputtiya kumAraputra kumArazramaNa kumArasaMbhava kurAjA 87 249 144 287 135 135 276 223 251 275 209 209 263 268 160 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zabda pRSTha kuSTa 244, 276 kUTagrAha 277. kUpa 275. kUpamaha 251 kUladhamaga 237 kRtayuga 244 kRtayugma 244, 248. kRSNa 76, 77, 186, 191, 253, 255, 262, 263 kRSNamRga 165 kRSNalezyA 248 kenopaniSad kevalajJAna 64, 169, 217 kevaladarzana 169 kevalI 149, 156, 234, 243 kezaloca 186, 232 kezava 186 kezikumAra 234 kezI-gautamIya kezarI kokAliya kojava 165 koTTAgakula koTha 244 koDitagaNa 214 koNika 243 kottiya 237 komalaprazna 269 kollAka 240 kozala 132, 223 kosaMbI 116 252 190 223 kula kulattha kuladharma kulasthavira kuzala kuzIla kuzIlaparibhASA 247 253 193 220 154, 191 192, 208, 247 173 264

Page #316
299. pRSTha zabda khilaunA 189 160 kheDa khedajJa 190 kheyanna 190 khomiya khoradeha 165. 136 gaMga anukramaNikA zAbda pRSTha kosama 278 kauravakula 247 kauzAMbI 223, 278 kauzeya 165 kriyAvAda 91, 194 kriyAvAdI 139, 146, 172, 178, 195, 248 kiyAvizAla 91,99, 101 kriyAsthAna 173, 174, 200, 202 krodha klIbatA 173 kSattaka 134 kSatriya 77, 133,134,160,278 kSatriyakuMDagrAma 235 kSatriyakula 159 kSumA 165 kSetra 190, 247 kSetrakSetrajJavibhAgayoga 190 kSetrajJa 190 kSobhakaprazna 269 kSobha bhaurazAlA 107 gaMgadatta gaMDAgakula gaMbhIra gaja gajasukumAla gaDha 215 242 159 262 262 262 gaNa gaNaghara gaNadharavAda gaNadharma gaNanAyaka 161 130, 214 249. 71 193. 250 164 220 107, 277, 280 277. 80. 220. 130 63 gaNarAjya gaNasthavira gaNikA gaNikA-guNa gaNita gaNitalipi gaNipiTaka gati gamana gamika gamika ta 220 khaMDagiri khaMDasiddhAntatruta kharazrAvitA kharoSTrikA kharoSThikA kharoSThI khAI khAdima khAravela 80 220 221 221 161 247. 163 79 65 222 222, 246 130, 246 garbha

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300 jana sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa pRSTha girimaha 197 275 zabda pRSTha zabda garbhadhAraNa 222 gozAlaka 70, 107, 175, 207, gahIM 232 235, 239, 259 gAMgeya 233 goSThAmAhila 215 gAMdharva 184 gosAla 70 gAMdharva lipi 220 gauDapAdakArikA 144 -gAthA 198 gautama 132, 154, 169, 192, gAthApatiputra taruNa 209, 226, 240, 249, 254, giranAra 63, 255 259, 262 159 grantha gItA 76, 137, 183 granyAtIta gujarAta vidyApITha 212 160 161, 244 grAmadharma 193 guNazilaka 226, 244 grAmasthavira 220 guphA aveyaka 229, 230, 261 guru 198 "gurunAnaka ghanavAta 222 gUr3hata 267 ghanodadhi 222 134 ghAsIlAla 287 gRhapati-caura-vimokSaNa-nyAya 209 161 gRhastha 135 ghor3A 256 gRhasthadharma 193, 259 gRhasthAzrama 137 caMDikA 140 gRhidharmI 254 caMDIdevatA gotrAsa 277, 281 caMdanapAdapa godAsa 214 108, 250 godAsagaNa caMdraguphA gomAyuputra 240 caMdraprajJapti 82 gommaTasAra 91,92, 93, 96, caMdrikA 267 100,103, 111 caMpA 222, 275 govratika cakravartI 242 govati 254 catuArAndraya 248 -gozAla 107, 227 caturthabhakta 138 gRhapati 2 192 275

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anukramaNikA pRSTha 159 caturdazapUrvaghara caturdazI caturyAma caturvarNa camara camArakula caraka carama carubali carmakhaMDika cAMDAla cAturyAma cAraNa cAraNagaNa cAritra cAritradharma cAritrAntara cArvAka cikitsaka cikitsakaputra cikitsAzAstra citra citrasabhA cillaNA cIna cInI cIrika cullazataka cUNi cUrNikAra cUlaNipitA cUlavagga pRSTha zabda 73 . cUlikA 90, 113 278 celavAsI 237 113, 192 caitya . 271, 275 caityamaha 159 237, 250 caityavAsI 188 cokkhA 253 229, 254 coTI 252 246 corI 277 cauyaM 193, 271 254 134, 159 chaMda 79 chaMdonuzAsana 247 chatra 252 214 chatramArga 195 247 chadmastha 149 193 chAga 230 chAndogya 139 chedasUtra 276 chedopasthApanA 173 276 95 jaMda 278 jaMbU 175, 241, 250, 267, 254 270, 274 226 jaMbUdvIpa 107, 217 253 jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti 82 253 jaMbasvAmI jagatI 105, 125 257 jagatkartRtva 182 249 jaNNavakka 177 janapadasatya 272 257 237. 132 janmotsava 160. 139 75.. 82 131 254 .

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302 108 163 237 pRSTha jamaIya 198 jamatIta 198 jamAli 130, 215, 235 jamAlI 261 jayaMta 266 jayaMtI 227 jayadhavalA 87,88, 92, 93, 100, 103, 173, 174, 280 jarA 241 jarAkumAra 264 jarmana 124 jala 140, 162, 227 jalapraveza jalabhakSI jalamArga 164, 195 jalavAsI 237 jalazocavAdI 192 jalebI jalodara 276 javaNijja 246 javaNiyA 250 jasaMsa 167 jAMgamika jANaI 149 jAtibhoja 126 jAtisthavira jAlaMdharagotrIyA jAli 267 bhingdh jina jinakalpI 247 jinapAlita 63 jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa zabda pRSTha jinabhadragaNi 64, 67, 81, 129 jIva 108, 117, 172, 228, 231, 234, 243 jIvanikAya 117 jIvarAja ghelAbhAI 287 jIvAbhigama 226 jIvAstikAya 245 jela jelara 278 69, 190 jaina Agama 70 jainadharma prasAraka sabhA 287 jaina-paraMparA 108 janamuni jainazAstra 79, 221 jainazramaNa janazruta 5,81 jainasaMgha jainasAhitya saMzodhaka jenasUtra jJAtakula 247 jJAtakSatriya jJAtakhaMDa 125, 167 jJAtadharmakathA 90, 91, 92, 94 jJAtA 276 jJAtAdharmakathA 100, 105, 250 jJAtAputra 276 jJAtAsUtra 283 jJAtRkathA 91, 92 jJAtRdharmakathA jJAna 64, 149, 173, 174, 247 jJAnapaMcamI 64. 218 220 278 235 92

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anukramaNikA 303 pRSTha 230 268 229 tirIDavaTTa zabda zabda pRSTha jJAnapravAda 101 taditthagAthA 173 jJAnavAda 177 tapa 119, 188 jJAnAntara tapasyA jJAnI 149 tApa 186 jyeSThA 167 tApasa 108, 159, 230, 237 jyotiSa 80 tApasadharma 152 jyotiSka tAmila 237 jyotiSkadeva tArA jvara 276 tArAyaNa tArAyaNarisi 187 TaTTI 165 tAlAba 275 TabA 286 218 tiyaMJca 229 ThANaM tiryaJcAMganA 120 ThANa 93, 236 tilaka ThANe tilodaka 162 tiSya tiSyagupta 215 tIrtha NAyAdhammakahA tIrthakara 242, 246 NAyAdhammakahAmao tIrthAbhiSeka 252 tuMba taMdulodaka 162 tuSodaka taccaNiyA 140 tUlakaDa tajjIvataccharIravAdI 200, 201 / / tRNavanaspatikAya tattvArthabhASya 82, 91 tRSNA tattvArtharAjavAtika 67, 91, 273 / / tejobinduupaniSad 143 tattvArthavRtti tejolezyA 240 tattvArthavRttikAra 82, 173 tetalI 267 tattvArthasUtra 90, 284 teyali 254 tathAgata 114, 139, 179 terApaMthI 287 tathyavAda 95 tela sasasa 162 253 162 161

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304 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pRSTha 230 pRSTha 145 244 244 244 231 zabda taittirIyopaniSad taila totA tyoja asa trasabhUta trikAlagraMthahida trikASThikA tridaMDa tridaMDI trivastradhArI sihaataa 210 173 252 252 207, 208, 229 113, 114, 154 166 105, 125 248 244 176 237 triSThabha 182 trIndriya tretAyuga rAzika tvagAhArI zabda darzanAntara dalasukhamAlavaNiyA 155, 196, 212 davanamArga 195 dazapUrvadhara dazaratha 175 dazavakAlika 83, 124, 145, 185, 284 dazavakAlikacUNi 102 dazavakAlikaniyukti 124 dazavakAlikavRtti 88, 102, 124 dazavakAlika dazA 257 dazArNabhadra 267 161 dAna dAnadharma 193, 252 dAnAMmA 237 dAsakula 159 dAsaprathA 108 276 digambara 71, 87, 176 diThivAe 92 diThivAo 92 diThivAya dizAcara 107, 241 dizAprokSaka 236 dIkSA 108, 154 dIghatapassI dIghanikAya 103, 142, 175 dIpa 236 dIpaMtapasvI dIrghadanta 267 dIrghazaMkA dAha thaMDila thAvaccA thimima 194 253 daMDa 95. 237 108 237 237 daMDavyavasthA daMtavaktra daMtakkhaliya dakSiNakUlaga dakSiNa-brAhmaNakuMDapura dayAnaMda darpaNaprazna darzana darzanazAstra 75 269,273 149, 150 78 123

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anukramaNikA 305 zabda 70 220 63 63 247 63 64, 65 220 267 267 128 255, zabda dIrghasena 267 desIbhAsA dIvAyaNa doSopakarikA dIvAyaNa mahArisi 187 dramila duHkha 080 dravir3a dravya duHkhavipAka 274, 81 duHkhaskandha 178 dravyapramANAnuyoga dukkhavakhaMdha 178 dravyazruta duryodhana 278 drAvir3a lipi duSkAla druma dUdha drumasena dRSTipAta 92 drANamukha dropadA dRSTivAda 79, 80, 81, 88, 90, dvAdazAMgagaNipiTaka 91, 95, 99, 282 dvApara dRSTiviparyAsadaNDa 202 dvAparayuga deva 108, 184, 204, 228, dvArakA 241, 248 dvirAjya 263 dvAndriya devakula 271 devakRta dvApa 271 devagata 229 dvaipAyana devadattA 279, 281 devabhASA 238 dhanadeva devadhigaNi 148, 185, 25 dhanapatasiMha devadhigaNikSamAzramaNa 62, 83 dhanapati devala 70 dhanya devavAcaka 64, 65, 74, dhanyakumAra devAMganA dhanvantari devAnaMdA dhammapada devAsura-saMgrAma 108 dharasena devendrasUri 102 dharma 228 dharmakathA 20 devakI 244 244 262, 264 164 246, 248 107, 246 69, 70 281 286 267 120 267 279 145, 188 63, 87 173, 189, 193 dezanA

Page #323
306 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa nadI zabda pRSTha zabda dharmakriyA 173 naMdIsUtra 82, 89, 91, 112, 216 dharmakiyAsthAna 202 258, 266, 269, 280,283 dharmacakra 155 nagara 108, 160 dharmacintaka 254 nagaradharma 193 dharmavAda nagarasthavira 220 dharmazAstra nagnabhAva 232 dharmasaMgraha 216 164, 222, 275 dharmAstikAya 245 nadomaha dhavalA namI 88, 92, 93, 96, 100, 261 103, 173, 280, 284 namovidehI dhavalAkAra 284 naraka 108, 147, 173, 190, dhIra 149 243 dhU 117 narakavibhakti 189 dhUta . 114, 117, 119, 124 / narakAvAsa 190 dhUrtAdAna naramedha 278 dhRtimAna 191 narasiMha 255 narasiMha mehatA 131 naMdanavana 262 narAMganA 120 naMdamaNiyAra 254 navabrahmacarya 113, 117 naMdicaNi 128 navAMgIvRttikAra naMdiNIpiyA 257 naSTaprazna 273 naMdinIpitA 257 nAga 108, 184, 262, 275 naMdivardhana 167, 278, 281 269 naMdivRtti 67, 97, 99 nAgamaha / naMdivRttikAra nAgArjuna 126, 129, 185 naMdiSeNa 281 nAgArjunIya 126, 183, 184, 206 naMdisUtra 64, 74, 80, 117, 125, nAgArjunIyavAcanA 125, 128 127, 129, 150 nATaka 72 naMdisUtrakAra 68,71, 73, 122 / nANI 149 naMdI 82, 96, 97, 99, 102, nAthavAdika 188 278 naMdIphala 254 nAmakaraNotsava 129 gikumAra 159 106, 226 nApita

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anukramaNikA 307 zabda zabda niyativAdI nAmasatya 272 nirAmagaMdha 255 nAya nAyadhammakahA nAyaputta nAyAdhammakahA nAraka nArakI nArada nArAyaNa nArAyaNarisi nArAyaNopaniSad nArendra nAlaMda nAlaMdakoya nAlaMdA nAlaMdIya nAliMda nAlendra nAva nAstikavAda nAstivAdI nAha nAhadhammakahA nAhassadhammakahA nikarSa nikAya nigAsa nityAMpaiDa nidhAna nimajjaga niyatavAdI niyativAda 139 pRSTha 174, 200, 201, 240, 271 231 147 147 152, 190 182 147 199,247 182 141 172 191 196 113, 177 108, 139 173 246 niyamAntara 185 niyAga niyAya 204 248 nirAmiSa nirAlaMba nigrantha 187 nigraMnyadharma nigraMthasamAja 208 nirjarA 208 nirbhaya 200 nimitavAdI 173, 208, 239 niyuktikAra 208 nirvANa 208 nirvighnabadhyayana 208 nirvRtti 164, 253 nirveda 201 nizItha 270 nizIthasUtra 92 niSadyA niSAda niSIdhikA 247 148 nihnava 247 nihnavikA 159 nIcakula 272 nIma 237 nRtya 196 netravedanA 175, 176 naigama 92 92 101, 158, 286 122, 284 122, 163 134 122, 123 122 130, 215 nisIha 220 159 244 108 276 160

Page #325
308 zabda naukA naukArohaNa paArAiA pasI paMcamahAvrata paMcabhUtavAdI paMcayAma paMcaskaMdhavAdI paMDia paMDita paMDitavIrya paMDuraga paMthaka pakArAdikA pakSimArga paTTaNa paTTamArga paTTAvalI Diggaha paNhAvAgaraNa pahA vAgarANA iM patra pada padArthadharma padmaprabha padmAvatI pannavaNA payannA parakriyA paradA paramacakkhu pa pRSTha 253 163 221 234 252 201 79, 113 270 149 jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa pRSTha zabda paramacakSuS paramata paramANu paramANupudgala paraloka paralokAbhAvavAdI parasamaya parAkrama parikarma parikuMcana 149 parigraha 193 254 252 220 195 160 194 130 235 269 92, 94 162, 224 102 193 246 264, 272, 278 226 284 122, 123, 166 250 149 pariNAma parimANa parivrAjaka parivrAjikA pariziSTa parva parisrava parISaha paryava paryAyasthavira parvata parvabIja 108, 183, 194, 197, 271, 272, 281 paliuMcaNa pallatetiya pavitraka pazcima dizA pazyaka pase I pahArAiA pAMcAla 149 109, 138, 172 246 245, 246 107, 140 196 172 192 88, 90 193 247 247 108, 160, 230 160, 253 124, 128 153 120 247 220 275 04 193 261 252 185 149 262 221 223

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anukramaNikA 309 pRSTha 149 235 pRSTha zabda pAMDava 255 pApitya 117, 227, 232 pAMDumathurA 255, 264 pApityIya 209 pAkazAlA 254 pAvAduyA 107 pAkSikasUtra pAzamArga 195 pAkhaMDadharma 193 pAzastha 188 pAkhaMDamata 174 pAsa 149 pATalikhaMDa 279 pAsa pATaliputra 128, 185, 218 pAsattha 188, 227 pAThabheda 87, 185 pAsatthA 107 pAThAntara 185 pAsAvaccijjA 107 pANipAtrI piMgamAhaNaparigvAyama pAtaMjala-yogadarzana piMDa 272 pAtaMjala-yogasUtra piMDaiSaNA 114, 122, 123 pAtra 154, 165, piTaka 79, 103, 107, 175 pAtradhArI 115 pizAca 258 pAtraSaNA 114, 122, 123, 165 puMjaNI 142 pAdapuMchana puMDarIka 173, 200, 252 pAda-vihAra puMskAmitA 173, 174 pAnI 140 puggalapatti 216 pApa 172 puNya 172 pApakarma 248 puNya-pApa 174 pAyapuMchaNa 142 puNyaskandha 181 pArasI 75, 136 putta 181 pArAzara 112, 237, 244 pArAsara 187 pudgala-pariNAma 242 pAriSThApanikAsamiti pudgalAstikAya .245 pArvatI 268 punarjanma 139 pAvaM purANa 103, 104, 183 pAzvatIrtha 107 purAtattva pArzvanAtha 107, 167, 192, 211 parimatAla 227, 232 puruSa 189 pArzvastha 188 puruSaparijJA 154 padagala 255 188 277

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310 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pRSTha mm 233 181 " 254 82, 284 83 186 88 zabda zabda puruSapradhAna 189 pottaka puruSasUkta 133 potti 181 puruSasena 267 potti 237 puruSAdAnIya potra puliMda 164 potrI puliMdalipi 220 paurANikavAda 183 puSkariNI pyAsa 186 puSTimAtrika 267 prakalpa 158 puSpadaMta prakIrNaka puSpanaMdI 280 prakSepa AhAra 204 puSpasena 267 prajApati nirmita 270 puSpAhArI 237 prajJApanA puSpottara 239 pratikUlazayyA pUA 162 pratikramaNagranthatrayI 173 pUjAbhAI jaina granthamAlA 212 pratikramaNasUtra pUjyapAda pratikramaNAdhikAra 283 pratimA 238 pUtanA pratilekhana 154 pUraNa pratisevanA 247 pUrNabhadra 275 pratItisatya 272 15, 99, 100, 282 pratyakSa pUrvagata 10,95, 282 pUrvagata gAthA pratyAkhyAna 91, 101, 173, 205, 88 pRthvI 183, 227, 231, 246 210, 232 pRthvIkAya 117 pratyAkhyAnakriyA 200 pRthvIkAyika 248 pratyAkhyAnavAda peDhAlaputta 208 prathama 243 peDhAlaputra 267 prathamAnuyoga pellaka 267 pradyumna pezAba pradhAna 282 paizAcI 221 prabhAcaMdra 130, 283 poTTilla 267 prabhAcaMdrIyavRtti 173 173 pUr3I 237 pUrva 90 262

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anukramaNikA zabda prabhAvakacaritra prabhu pramANapada pramANAntara prayAga pravacanAntara pravrajyA prazAstAsthavira prazna paddhati praznavyAkaraNam prAkRta prAkRta vyAkaraNa prANavadha prANavAda prANavAyu prANAtipAta prANAmA prANAvAya prAmANya prAyazcitta prAvacanikAntara prAvAdukA prAsukavihAra priyaMgu praznavyAkaraNa 69, 81, 90, 94, 98, 100, 269, 273 priyakAriNI priyadarzanA phaNita phala pRSTha 130 183 pha 103 231 277 231 219 220 129 92 90, 174 142 246 101 99 243 237 91, 101 75, 76 248 zabda phalakamArga phalAhArI phArasI 230 107 246 280 167 167 phAlaaMbaDa putra phAyavihAra phUla phUlacaMdajI 'bhikSu' phaujadAra baMdha baMdhana baMdhazataka baMdhu baMbhara bakuza Dhakula baniyAgA~va barpha barbara bala baladeva bali bahidA bahuputrika bahumUlya bAlacikitsA bAlavIrya bAhua bAhu bAhuprazna 243, 244 bindusAra 162 bilamArga 311 pRSTha 194 237 220 261 246 162 287 278 ba 172, 246, 247 108 248 278 131 247 159 276 244 164 175 242, 262 250 193 243 218 279 193 187 69, 70 269 176 195

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207, 208 132 bhaMga 63 312 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zabda pRSTha zabda pRSTha bilavAsI 237 brahmavidyopaniSad 145 bIjAhArI 237 brahmavatI bukkasa 159 brahmazAntiyajJa 249 buddha 70, 79, 106, 114, 132, brahmA 184 139, 141, 147, 149,152, brAhmaNa 78, 103, 131, 133, 156, 175, 177, 179,181, 135, 149, 184, 199,255, 182, 201, 208 278, 281 buddhavacana 72, 73 brAhmaNakuNDagrAma 235 bunakarakula brAhmaNadhammikasutta bRhaTTipanikA 62, 90 brAhmaNaparivrAjaka brAhmI 220, 226 bRhatkalpa brAhmolipi 220, 221, 226 bRhadAraNyaka 70, 144, 146 bRhaspatidatta 278, 281 bennAtaTa bokkasaliyakula 159 bhaMgiya bhaMgadara 276 bokkasa bhagavaM boDiga 187 224 bauddha 71, 79, 103, 138, 140, bhagavatI 141, 188, 190, 196, bhagavatI-ArAdhanA 284 203, 230, 270 bhagavatIsUtra bauddhadarzana 178 bhagavadgItA 143, 190 bauddhapiTaka 70, 78, bhagavAna mahAvIranA daza upAsako 259 207, 208 bhagavAna mahAvIranI dharmakathAo 251 bauddha mata 146, 178, 181 bhagavAn 149, 186 bauddhavihAra 271 bhagAlI 261 bauddhazramaNa 159 bhajana 194 131 bhaTTAkalaMka 284 brahmacarya 113, 120, 131, 273 bhaddajasa 214 brahmacaryavAsa bhaddilapura 262 brahmacArI 135 bhadrabAhu 64, 69, 128, 214, brahmajAlasutta 141 282 brahmaloka 229 bhadrA 239, 268 bauddhabhikSu brahma 232

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anukramaNikA 313 pRSTha 287 222 247 229 bhUkha 246 247 bhAva zabda pRSTha zabda bhadrAvudhamANavapucchAsutta 147 bhicchuDa 254 bhayaNa 194 bhIma 277 bharatakSetra bhImasiMha mANeka "bhava bhIla 164, 221 "bhavadravya 243 222 bhavanavAsI 186 bhavanAvAsa bhUta 108, 258, 275 bhavasiddhika 248 bhUtabalI bhavya 159 bhUtamaha bhAMgika 218 bhUtalipi 220 bhAgavata 190 bhUtavAda 'bhAradvAja 70, 214 bhUtavAdI 174, 200 247 bhUtAna 221 bhAvanA 122, 123, 124, 125, bhUmi 246 bhUmizayyA 232 bhAvazruta 63, 67 bhoga 251 bhAvasatya 272 bhogakula 159, 247 bhASA 164, 194, 239, 241 bhogavatikA 220 bhASAjAta 114, 123, 164 bhojana 162 bhASAjAtaiSaNA bhojanapiTaka 251 bhASAprayoga 164 bhoTa bhASAvicaya 95 244 bhramara "bhASAvijaya 95 bhikSA 159, 160 maimaM 149 bhikSAgrahaNa 233 226 bhikSAvRtti 186 maMkha 239 bhikSAzuddhi 112 maMkhali 239 'bhikSu 199 maMkhaliputra 70, 227, 239, bhikSucaryA maMtravidhA 269 bhikSuNI maMdira 271 bhikSusamaya makAna 163 bhikhArI 159 makkhana 161 FEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE 122 221 0 maMgala

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229. 76 314 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zabda pRSTha zabda pRSTha makkhaliputra manautI magadha 146, 147 mamatva magadharAja 190 mayaMgatIra 251 macchaMDikA mayada 244 macchara 186 mayAli 267 machalo 162 mayUrapoSaka 251 machalImAra 279 maryAdA majITha 244 maladhArI hemacaMdra 282 majjhimanikAya 103, 139, 149, malamUtravisarjana 175 malayagiri maDaMba 160 malli 253 matAntara 231 mallikI 251: matijJAna mastakazUla matimAna 149 maharSi 182 mathurA 128, 185, 222, 278 mahAadhyayana 200 mathyukI 253 mahAkarmaprakRtiprAbhUta madirApAna 108 mahAkazyapa 70. madurA 255 mahAgiri 214 madha 161,251 mahAjANa 148 madyapAna mahAdrumasena 267. madruka 244 mahAdhavalA mahAnadI 122. madhurAyaNa 70 mahAnaraka 190 madhyamapada 103 mahAparijJA 117, 119. manaHparyAya mahApariNNA 117 manaHparyAyajJAna 64 mahAparinnA manaHzuddhi mahAbhArata 69, 70, 72, 73, 103, manassaMcetanA 204 138, 216, 255 manu 137 mahAmArga 148 manuSya 204, 248 mahAyAta 148, 180 manusmRti 135, 136, 165 mahAratha 186. manojIvavAdI 270 mahAvaMza 176 107 madhu 150

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anukramaNikA 315. pRSTha. 144 206 194 166 mAyA 239 287 147 173, 194 zabda pRSTha zabda mahAvideha 124 mAgatra 134 mahAvothi 148 mANavagaNa 214 mahAvIra 69, 79, 114, 120, mANDalikarAjA 243 121, 123, 125, 136,154, mANDukyopaniSad 166, 177, 190, 199,207, mAtaMga 70, 261 211, 214, 217, 226,228, mAthurAyaNa 235, 237, 238, 247,259, mAthurovAcanA 87, 128, 264, 268 mAna mahAvIra-carita mAnapratyayadaNDa 202, 203 mahAvIracariyaM 182, 183, 193 mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya mAyApratyayadaNDa 202, 203 mahAvIrabhASita 269 mAra mahAvIhi 148 mAgaM mahAvRSTi 223 mArgAntara 231 mahAnyutpatti 216 mAsa 253 mahAvrata 185 mAsakalpI mahAzataka 257 mAhaNa 149 mahAzukrakalpa 242 mAhana mahAsiMhasena mAhezvarIlipi 220 mahAsena 267 mitavAdI 196 mahAlava 246 mitra 276 mahAsvapna 242 mitradoSapratyayadaNDa 202, 203. mahimAnagarI mithilA 223 222 mithyAtvI 247. mahecchA 272 mithyAdRSTi 73 mahoraga 222 mithyAzruta 65, 67 mAMsa 161, 162, 180, 181, miyaggAma mAMsabhakSaNa 181 miyaluddhaya 237 mAMsabhojana 152, 180 miliMdapaJha mAMsAhAra 152, 279 mImAMsaka mAkaMdika putra 244 muMDakopaniSad 147 mAkaMdI 245, 244, 253 muDabhAva 232 161 267 mahI 140 74

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174 zabda mukuMda mukuMdamaha muktAtmA muNi mudgarapANi yakSa yakSamaha muni yajJa 224 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zabda pRSTha 275 mokSamArga 159 mleccha 164, 271 107 ya 149 108,234, 275 264 159 149 yakSA 124 242, 244 yajurveda 252, 278 273 147 239 yati 125 154, 235 yativRSabha 87 162, 234 yatisamaya 173 284 yathAjAta 115 yama 70, 182, 236 285 yamakIya 198 88 yamanIya 246 234, 207 yamunA 222 yavanikA 237 yavodaka 162 275 yazodA 167 275, 281 yazomatI 167 278 yazovijaya 71, 131 251 yAga 147, 250 252 yAjJavalkya 184 yAtrA 246 126 yAdRcchika 271 202 yAthAtathya 197 149, 181 yApanIya 246, 253 209 yAvanI 221 yAvantaH 117 149, 181 yAska 74 192 yugalika 234 173, 238 yugma 244, 247, 248 munisuvrata muSTiprazna musalamAna muhapattI mUla mUla-ArAdhanA mUlabIja mUlAcAra mUlArAdhanA mUlAhArI mRgagrAma mRgalubdhaka mRgAdevI mRgAputra mRgAvatI mRtagaMgA mRttikAbhAjana mRtyu mRtyubhoja mRSApratyadaNDa medhAvI meyajjagotrIya meSa mehAvI maithunaviramaNa mokSa 250 165

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anukramaNikA zabda yuddha yoga yogadRSTisamuccaya yogazAstra yogazAstraprakAza yogasatya yogasUtra yonizUla raktapaTa raktasubhadrA rajoharaNa rajjumArga raTThauDa ratikalpa ratiguNa ratnamunismRtigraMtha rasa rasAyana rAkSasa rAga rAjadhAnI rAjanya rAjanyakula rAjapraznIya rAjaprasenakIya 279 184 247 rAjakula 160 rAjagRha 208, 223, 226, 228, 240, 244, 250 160, 222 251 159, 247 82, 83 82 160 160 rAjabhRtya rAjavaMza pRSTha 107, 238 247 71 128 128 272 190 277, 280 255 272 154, 218, 235 195 276 124 277 155 119 zabda pRSTha rAjavArtika 88, 91, 92, 103, 111, 173, 225, 269, 280, 283 284 160, 184. rAjavArtikakAra rAjA rAjA - rahita rAjya rAjya saMsthA rAThaur3a rAtribhojana rAtribhojanatyAga rAmagupta rAmaputra rAmAyaNa rAyasena ijja rASTrakUTa rASTradharma rASTrasthavira rukmiNI rugNa rudra rudramaha rudrAkSamAlA rUpa rUpadarzana rUpasatya revataka revatI raivataka roga roma AhAra hagupta rohaNa 317 164. 107. 276 185, 192 113 69, 187, 261 70, 267 72, 73. 234* 276. 193 220. 262, 272 162. 108, 275 159. 252 122, 123 166. 272 252, 26 259. 252, 262 276 204 215 214:

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zabda rohiNI 117 laMtiyApiyA laghuTIkA laghupratikramaNa laghuzaMkA latAmArga latiNIpiyA lattiyapiyA labdhi lalitavistara -lalitAMkapiyA lavaNa Pog 253 107 257 215 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zabda pRSTha 253, 272 lokasAra 119 lokAzAha 155 257 lokAzAha aura unakI vicAradhArA155 249 logavijaya 273 logAvAI 145 123 lobha 194 lobhapratyayadaNDa 202, 203 257 lomAhAra 257 lohA 244 lyuka 156, 221 vakratA 107 vagdhAvanaca 267 vacanazuddhi 244 247 vatsa 223 251, 281 vanaparva 216 281 vanavAsI 183 vanaspati 108, 227, 247 vanaspatikAya 220 vanISaka 159 281 varAhamihira 176 251 varisavakaNha 271 varuNa 70, 236 257 134, 135 208 varNAntara 134, 135 246, 247, 248 varNAbhilASA 153 183, 231 vardhamAna 69, 118, 167, 190, 91, 99, 101 247 183 vardhamAnapura 280 146 varSARtu 113, 117, 124 varSAvAsa 163 lAMtaka liMga "licchavI lipsu lIlA 229 lUtA 162 227 70 vaNaM lekhana-paddhati lecchaI lecchakI leNa letiyApiyA leva lezyA loka lokabiMdusAra lokavAda lokavAdI lokavijaya

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anukramaNikA 319 valabhI 242 pRSTha 60, 128, 185 237 237 214 124 277 151 5, 151 285 154 165 164 164 114, 122, 123 204 223 125, 127, 175 87 valkala valkavAsI vasiSThagotrIya vasu vasudevahiMDI vasunaMdI vasumaMta vastra vastragrahaNa vastradhAraNa vastraiSaNA vAcakavaMza vAcanA vAcanAbheda vAjIkaraNa -vANavyantara vANijya vANijyagrAma vANiyagrAma vAdavivAda vAnaprastha vAmalokavAdI vAyukAya vAyujIvavAdI vAyupurANa vAyubhakSI vArANasI vAribhadraka vAriSeNa vAlabhI vAcanA vAsiSThagotrIyA zabda pRSTha vAsudeva vAhanamArga vikuNAzakti 108 vikkhApaNatti vicitracaryA vijaya 267, 280 vijaya mitra vijayavardhamAna 276 vijayAnaMdasUri 286 vijayodayA 284 vijJAnarUpa videha videhadattA 167 vidyAcAraNa 247 vidyAnuprakAda 99, 101 vidyAnuvAda 99, 101 vidyAbhyAsa 107 vidyunmati vinaya 173 vinayapiTaka 163, 165, 253 vinayavAda vinayavAdI 139, 172, 195, 248 vinayazuddhi vipAkaprajJapti 91, 93 vipAkazruta 95, 100 vipAkazrutam 92 vipAkasUtra 81, 90, 95, 98, 274 vipulaparvata vipulamati vibAdhaprajJapti 93, 224 vibAhapaNNatti 93, 224 vibhajyavAda 279 229, 246 134 276 246 107 138 270 272 241 270 104 237 222 192 267 128 251 150 77

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320 pRSTha zabda vibhrama 173 vimAna 238 vimukti 122, 123, 124, 125, 280 viSNu 214 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zabda pRSTha viSacikitsA 279 viSaprayoga 182, 262, 271 viSvaksena vizuddhimagga 180, 188 vissavAtitagaNa vihAra 163, 271 votarAga vItarAgatA 108, 169 vIra 149, 190 vIracada rAghavajI 286 vIrasena vIrastava vIrastuti 173, 185, 233 vIrya 173, 175, 197 vIryapravAda vIryAnupravAda 90, 100 123 254 284 vimokkha 120 vimokSa 112, 113, 117, 120 vimoha 112, 113, 117, 120, 124, 141 viyAhapaNNatti 93, 94, 224 viyAhapannatti 92 viraddha vivAgapaNNatti vivAgasuaM vivAgasuo vivAgasutta vivAgasue vivAyapaNNatti 91, 93 vivAyasua 95 vivAha vivAhapaNNatti 93, 224 vivAhapannatti vivAhapannattI vivAhaprajJapti vivAhe vizAkha 243 vizAkhA 243 vizAlA 185 vizuddhimArga vizeSAvazyakabhASya 64, 67, 71,80 106, 129, 282, 285 vizeSAvazyakabhASyakAra 88, 102, 167 255 __92 224 vRkSa maha vRkSamalika vRttikAra 175, 177 vRddha 254 vRSTi 223 veda 60, 70, 71, 72, 73, 78, 7 9, 103, 104, 150, 151, 247 vedana 247 vedanA 208 vedavAna 151 vedavit 151 vedasAhitya 247 vedavAdI

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321 anukramaNikA zabda pRSTha zabda vyAkaraNazAstra -72 vyAkhyAprajJapti 81, 91, 92, 93, 94,97,100,175, 224, 284, 287 vyApAra vyAvRtta 168 vyAsa 252, 254 vyAsabhASya ...190 vedikA veyavaM 151 veyavI 151 veyAliya 184 velavAsI 237 vezyAgamana 277 veSabhUSA 108 vesiakula 159 behAla 267 behAyasa 267 vaijayaMta 266 vaiNayikA 220 vaiNava 134 vaitAThya 253 baitAlIya 125, 148, 173, 184 / vaidArika 184 zaMkha zakaTa zakkara zakra zakrendra zatadvAra zatAnIka zatrujaya zatrughna-yajJa zabara 224 177, 281 244, 253 237, 241, 244 241, 250 276 278 vaidika 252, 255, 262 278 vaideha vaidya 134 276 276 vaidyaputra zabda 64, 122, 123 . 166 119, 163 112 vaibhava varoSTamA vaizAlika vaizAlI vaizya vaizyakula vaizramaNa vaizvadeva 114 249 185 276 133, 134, 278 159 70, 108, 236 236 151 108,163 zabdazravaNa zama zayana zayanAsanazuddhi zayyA zayyaiSaNA zayyopakaraNa zarIra zalyacikitsA zastra zastraparijJA zastraprayoga 122, 123 236 119, 218, 247 bohU . 279 myavasAya vyavahAradharma vyavahArasatya 21 147 113, 117, 135 : 280 272

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122 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 181 209 pRSTha zahada 161 zAkaTAyana 246 zAkya 141, 188 zAkyaputra buddha 70 zAkhAJjanI 277 zAkhAmArga 195 zANa zANaka 218 zAna 240 zAntiparva 138 zAntiyajJa 278 262 zAlAkya 279 zAlibhadra 267 zAstralekhana zikSAsamuccaya 180, 256 zilpa 133 ziva 108, 236, 275 zivabhadra 236 zivarAjarSi 236 zizupAla 186 ziSya 197 zItalezyA 240 zItoSNIya 117, 118, 124 zIlAMka 102, 105, 120, 124, 125, 126, 177 zIlAMkadeva zIlAMkasUri 146 zIlAMkAcArya 252 zuklalezyA 248 267 zabda zukiMga 105, 124, 145 zUkara 181 zUkaramadava 181 zUkaramAMsabhakSaNa 133, 134, 278 zUrasena 223 zRMkhalA 198 zeSadravyA zeSavatI zekSa 197 zelaka 252 zailezI 243 zailodAyI 244 zeva 188 zaivAlabhakSI 237 zoka 241 zauca 135, 138, 252 zaucadharma 114, 252 zaurasenI zaurika zaurya 281 zyAmA 279, 280 zyAmAka 168 zramaNa 159, 167, 199, 247, 255, 256 zramaNacaryA zramaNadharma 184, 193 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra zramaNasaMgha 87, 128 zramaNasUtra 172 zramaNI zramaNopAsaka 279 240 72 256 suddhadaMta 259

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anukramaNikA 226 pRSTha 71, 87, 187 zvetAmbara SaTkAya SaTkhaMDAgama SaDAvazyaka SaSThatapa SaSThitantra 256 62, 63, 87 285 236 zrI 252 . 1111 1 3.24 15 zabda zrAvaka 254, 257, 259 zrAvakadharma 133, 229 zrAvaNa 246 zrAvastI 132, 175, 222, 240 dhiyaka 124 276 zrIkhaMDa 161 zrIdAma 278 zrIdevI 280 zruta 60, 63, 172 zrutajJAna 60, 63, 64, 217 zrutajJAnI 150 zrutadevatA 249 zrutadharma 193 zrutapaMcamI zrutapuruSa zrutasAgara 173 zrutasAgarakRta zrutasAhitya zrutasthavira zruti 60 zreNika 207, 208, 226, 264 zreyAMsa 167 zreSThatamajJAnadarzanapara 185 zreSThatamajJAnI 185 zreSThatamadarzI 185 zloka 125 zlokavArtika 103 zvapAka 134 zvAsa 276 zvAsocchvAsa 108, 235 118 160 237 254 128 175 238 249 81 247 220 272 saMkalikA saMkhaDi saMkhadhamaka saMgItazAlA saMgIti saMgItikA saMgrAma saMgha saMghadharma saMghayaNa saMghasthavira saMcaya saMjayabelaviThaputa saMjJA saMjJI saMjJI paMcendriya saMtAna saMnikarSa saMnigAsa saMniveza saMpakkhAlaga saMnyAsa saMmajjaga saMmatasatya 220 247 247 248 256 247 247 160 237 138 237 272

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24 jaina sAhitya kA bRhadA itihAsa zabda pRSTha pRSTha saMyama 232, 247 samanojJa 192 saMyamadharma 183 samaya 173, 174 saMyutta nikAya 103, 175, 179, samavasaraNa 108, 146, 173, 180, 256 177, 195, 248 saMrakSaNa 172 samavAe saMvara 172, 270, 272 samavAo saMvega 73 samavAya 81, 91, 93 saMzayavAda 177 samavAyapAhuDa 87 saMskRta samavAyavRtti 176 saMstava 272 samavAyAMga 69, 80, 87, 89, saMsthAna 247,267 90, 91,96, 97, 99, saMsvedima 162 100, 101, 106, 112, sakathA 236 125, 127,172, 174, sacelaka 62, 87, 88, 92, 95, 175, 196, 257, 261, 96, 101, 112, 281, 266, 268, 280, 283 283 samavAyAMgavRtti sacelakatA 114, 154 samavAyAMgavRttikAra satkAra sAmAcArI 248 satkAryavAda samAjavyavasthA 107 satyapariNA 117 samAdhi 194 satthaparinnA samucchedavAdI satya 108,246 samudghAta satyapravAda 90,99, 101 samudra 107, 231, 262, 275 satyabhASI 280 samudravijaya 262 satyarUpa 272 sammatta 117, 118 sadana 119, 122 samyakcAritra 119 sama 122 samyaktapa 119 saddAlaputta samyaktva 117, 119 sadAlaputra 257 samyaktvavAda sadyA. 122 samyaktvI sana 165 samyakzruta 65, 67 sapayaMvasita 65, 74 samyagjJAna 247 175 247

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anukramaNikA 325 232 168 182 119 140 253 275 245 253 zabda samyagdarzana samyagdRSTi samyagvAda sayaNa sarajaska sarisavaya sarovara sarovaramaha sarvajIvasukhAvaha sarvajJa sarvajJatA sarvadarzI sarvadharmapariSad sarvasatakriyA sarvArthasiddha zabda sAmAyika sAmAyika-cAritra sAmiSa sAmudra sAmudrakam sAmparAyikI sArthavAhI sAlatiyApiyA sAlihIpiyA sAleiNIpiyA sAleyikApitA sAhaMjanI siosaNijja siMha siMhasena 257 159 73,149, 156 169 257 257 257 277 117, 118 267 267, 279 122 173 90, 103, 229 sijjA savastra 167, 279 siddhasenasUri siddhArtha siddhipatha siddhipaha sirigutta 148 savvAsava sahasodAha sahasrAra sAMkhya sAMkhyadarzana zAMkhyamata sAketa sAgara sAgaramaha sAgaradatta sANiya sAtavAdI sAtiputra sAmaJjaphalasutta sAmaveda samAcArI 149 281 229 141, 182 75 176, 252 222 262 159 sItA sImaMdhara suMsumA sukathA sukumAlikA sukha sukhavipAka sugata sutta suttagaDa suttanipAta 148 214 272 124 180, 255 173 255 280 274,280 71, 169 150 92, 93, 173 125, 132, 145, 147, 152, 190 70 201, 204 252, 278 115

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267 267 22 sUyagaDe sUyagaDo supAva 215 326 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zabda pRSTha zabda pRSTha suttapAhuDa sUtrakRtam sudarzana 252, 261, 264, 265 sUtrakRtAMga 68, 69,70, 97, 100, sudarzanA 167, 277 104, 106, 107, 108, suddayaDa 91, 92, 173 145, 148, 172, 233, sudharmA 114, 115, 127, 175, 283, 284, 286 215, 250, 267, 270, sUtrakRtAMgamAM AvatAM vizeSanAmo 188 274 sUdayaDa 92,93, 173 sudharmAsvAmI sUdayada 93, 173 sunakSatra sUyagaDa 68, 93, 173 sunakSatrakumAra suparNa 167 sUrya 107, 155, 226, supratibaddha sUryagrahaNa supratiSThapura 276 sekreDa buksa oNpha dI IsTa 286 suprabha 246 sejjA 122 subaMdhu seTha 185 subAlopaniSad 143 seNIppaseNIo subhadrA 277 sesadaviyA 209 subhASita 156 soMTha 244 262 sopakramajIva 257 soma 70, 225 surUpA 272 somadatta 278 sulasA 262, 263 somA 263 suvarNakumAra 269 somila 243, 246, 262, 263 suvarNagulikA 272 soraTha 63 susthita 215 soriyAyaNa suhastI 214, 215 saugaMdhikA 252 sUta 134 saudharma 229 sUtagaDa 173 saurASTra skaMda 108, 275 sUtra 59 skaMdamaha 159 81,90,93, 174 skaMdilAcArya 128, 129 278 250 246 surapriya surAdeva sUtikama sUtrakRta

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anukramaNikA 233 189 219 173 158 zabda pRSTha zabda skaMdhabIja 204 sparza AhAra 204 skaMghavAdI 174 sparzanA 247 stUpa 271 smRti stUpamaha 159 smRticaMdrikA 256 strI 189 syAdvAda 198 strI-tyAga svajana strI-parijJA svapna 242 strI-pariNAma 172, svapnavidyA 204, 242 strI-saMsarga 120 svabhAvajanya 271 strI-sahavAsa 191 svamata 172 sthaMDila 194 svayaMbhUkRta 270 sthalamArga 164 svarga 107, 108, 226, 237, sthavirAvalI 129, 214 243 sthAna 81, 93, 122, 123, svasamaya 173 163 svAdima sthAnakavAsI 55, 287 sthAnapAhuDa 151 sthAnam __ haDDI sthAnAMga 69, 87, 88, 90,97, hatthijAma 209 100, 106, 117, 175, hatthinAgapura 196, 212, 257, 261, harasa 276 267, 269,283, 285 harigiri sthAnAMga-samavAyAMga hariNegameSI 108 sthAnAMgasUtra 95 hariNegamesI 263 sthApanAsatya 272 haribhadra 64, 67, 102, 124, sthAvara 210, 231 169,173 sthitaprajJatA haribhadrasUri 71,72,82 sthitAtmA harivaMzakula sthiravAsa 161 harizcandra 129 sthUlabhadra halAyudha 176 snAtaka 247 haldI 244 163 halla 267 162 236 70 196 191 129 124

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328 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zabda pRSTha hastakalpa 255 hastavapra 255 hastitApasa 207, 208, 237 hastinApura 222, 242, 243, 277 hastiyAma 209 hastottarA hAthapa 255 hArita 214 hAlA hAlAhalA 240 hiMsA 108, 136, 181, 185, 203, 246, zabda pRSTha 270, 271, 277 hiMsAdaNDa 202 hibru himavaMta therAvalI 130 hInayAna 148 hubaucha 237 hRdayapiMDa 278 hetuvAda hemacandra 106, 124, 128, 198 hemanta 162 haidarAbAda 287

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sahAyaka granthoM kI sUcI abhidharmakoza-sva0 zrI rAhula sAMkRtyAyana AcArAGganiyukti-Agamodaya samiti AcArAGgavRtti- " AtmopaniSad AvazyakavRtti-haribhadra--Agamodaya samiti Rgveda RSibhASita-Agamodaya samiti aitareyabrAhmaNa kaThopaniSad kenopaniSad gAthAo para navo prakAza-sva0 kavi khabaradAra gItA jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka-AcArya zrI jinavijayajI tattvArthabhASya taittirIyopaniSad nandivRtti-haribhadra-RSabhadeva kezarImala nandivatti-malayagiri-Agamodaya samiti nArAyaNopaniSad patetapazemAnI (pArasI dharma ke 'khoradeha-avestA' nAmaka graMtha kA prakaraNa) -kAvazajI edalajI kAMgA pAkSikasUtra-Agamodaya samiti praznapaddhati-AtmAnaMda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara buddhacaryA-sva0 zrI rAhula sAMkRtyAyana bRhadAraNyaka brahmavidyopaniSad majjhimanikAya-nAlaMdA prakAzana manusmRti mahAvIracariyaM-devacaMda lAlabhAI mahAvIra-vANI-svAmI AtmAnaMda kI prastAvanA-manasukhalAla tArAcaMda

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa mANDukyopaniSad miliMdapanha muNDakopaniSad yogadaSTisamuccaya-devacaMda lAlabhAI lokAzAha aura unakI vicAraNA ( gurudeva ratnamuni smRti-graMtha ) -paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA vAyupurANa ( patrAkAra ) vizeSAvazyakabhASya-yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, banArasa vaidika saMskRti kA itihAsa ( marAThI )-zrI lakSmaNazAstrI jozI SaTkhaNDAgama samavAyAMgavRtti-Agamodaya samiti sUtrakRtAMganiyukti-Agamodaya samiti sthAnAMga-samavAyAMga-paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda halAyudhakoza

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Only