Mahavira Jayanti Smarika 1975

Author(s): Bhanvarlal Polyaka
Publisher: Rajasthan Jain Sabha Jaipur
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/014031/1

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vIra nirvANa smArikA 1875 D) SEO parasparopajIvAnAma 128 4 CATCH TWOL 018231 HEX TUSAXILJAN HAN M 5 & 194HOL jasthAna prAntIya bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500 vA~ nirvANa Jain Education Internati kAlopana mAgamiti nagA Use Only

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bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500 vA~ nirvANa mahotsava vIra nirvANa smArikA 1975 sampAdaka maNDala : DaoN0 narendra bhAnAvata DaoN0 mUlacanda seThiyA pradhAna sampAdaka: bhaMvaralAla polyAkA jainAnAcArya, sAhitya zAstrI zrI vinayasAgara zrI kevala canda TholiyA prabandha sampAdaka: zrI kapUracanda pATanI zrI pannAlAla bAMThiyA mudraka : ajantA priNTarsa ghI vAloM kA rAstA, jauharI bAjAra, jayapura-302003 mUlya : cAra rUpayA DAka vyaya atirikta prakAzaka: zrI sampatakumAra gadhaIyA pradhAna mantrI rAja0 prAntIya bha0 mahAvIra 2500vAM nirvANA mahotsava mahAsamiti ja ya pura www.jainefibrary.org

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zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI 1. bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500 veM parinirvANa mahotsava para svIkRta yojanAeM (zra) zrI mahAvIra jI kSetra para nirmANadhIna yojanAeM : : (1) mahAvIra stUpa (2) netra cikitsAlaya (3) Adhunika bhojanazAlA (4) pravacana hAla (5) adhika uttama AvAsa vyavasthA ke lie kucha aura kamare / ( zrA) sAhitya prakAzana : (1) mahAvIra kAvya mAlA (2) bhagavAna mahAvIra, jaina darzana, mahAvIra vANI Adi ke rUpa meM choTe-choTe TrevoM kA prakAzana / 2. kSetra dvArA prakAzita kucha mahatvapUrNa sAhitya (1) rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaMDAroM kI graMtha sUcI- bhAga 1 se 5 taka / ( 2 ) Jain Granth Bhandars in Rajasthan - Dr KC. Kasliwal (3) rAjasthAna jaina saMta / vyaktitva evaM kRtitva - DA0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla mUlya 12.00 (4) mahAkavi daulatarAma kAsalIvAla / vyaktitva evaM kRtitva ( 5 ) vacana dUtama (saMskRta kAvya ) paM0 mUlacaMda zAstrI, ( 6 ) tIrtha kara vardhamAna - paM0 padamacaMda zAstrI, (7) pradyumna carita -- ( 5 ) jiraNadatta carita - ( 2 ) hindI pada saMgraha phona naM0 73202 - DA0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla mUlya 15.00 mUlya 7.00 mUlya 8.00 mUlya 8.00 mUlya 6.00 mUlya 6.00 zrI digambara jaina pra0 kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI mahAvIra bhavana, savAI mAnasiMha hAive jayapura-3 -30.00 maMtrI

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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000< N vizvavaMdya bhagavAna mahAvIra GE}} vizva jinakA 2500 vAM nirvANa varSa manA rahA hai >000000000000000

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san 1974 navambara meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pacIsavIM nirvANa zatAbdI kA kAryakama prArambha huA / aba 1975 kA navambara sAmane hai / eka varSa kA samaya samApti para hai, kintu kAryakrama sampannatA nahIM cAhatA hai| jisa vArSika kAryakrama kI pRSThabhUmi taiyAra karane meM kaI varSoM kA samaya lagA usa kAryakrama kI sampUrti eka varSa meM kaise ho sakatI hai ? hamAre sAmane karaNIya kAma itane haiM ki jaba taka ve pUre nahIM hote haiM, hama nirvANa-zatAbdI kA samApana nahIM kara sakate / pichale varSa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nAma antarrASTrIya kSitija taka eka divya puruSa ke rUpa meM ubhara AyA hai / yaha zatAbdI varSa kI vizeSa upalabdhi hai| isameM hamAre deza kI kendra aura rAjya sarakAroM tathA jaina aura ajaina saMsthAnoM ne khulakara bhAga liyA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ko mahAvIra ke rUpa meM prastuta karane meM ina sabakA yoga rahA hai / rAjasthAna sarakAra aura rAjasthAna kI janatA ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prati jaisI zraddhAMjali arpita kI hai, vaha anyAnya rAjyoM ke lie bhI anukaraNIya hai| rAjasthAna prAntIya mahAvIra-nirvANa mahAsamiti apane dAyitva ke prati kAphI jAgarUka rahI hai / vaha smArikA ke rUpa meM eka aura zraddhAMjali samarpita karanA cAhatI hai| smArikA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke darzana ko smati meM lAne kA mAdhyama bane, isa dRSTi se usameM vizeSa sAmagrI kA samAcayana Avazyaka hai| rAjasthAna sarakAra, nirvANa-samitiyoM aura janatA dvArA kie gae sabhI kAryoM kI avagati smArikA ke mAdhyama se deza kI janatA taka pahu~ca sakatI hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra jIvana ke prazastIkaraNa meM preraNAsrota haiM / unake prati saccI zraddhAMjali hai-unake darzana ko jIvana-vyavahAra meM utAranA / niriNa-samitiyAM bhI isa viSaya meM jAgarUka rahakara apane deza ke naitika aura cAritrika stara ko unnata banAne ke lie prayatnazIla raheMgI, aisA vizvAsa hai| prAcArya tulasI grIna-hAusa, sI-skIma, jayapura (rAjasthAna) 16 akTUbara 1975

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mukhya maMtrI rAjasthAna - jayapura CHIEF MINISTER OF RAJASTHAN JAIPUR saMdeza mujhe yaha jAnakara prasannatA huI ki rAjasthAna prAntIya bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa mahotsava mahAsamiti dvArA 'vIra nirvANa smArikA' kA prakAzana kiyA jA rahA hai| isa varSa deza meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA 26 sauM vAM nirvANa varSa manAyA jA rahA hai| rAjya sarakAra ne bhI rAjya stara para isa dizA meM aneka kadama uThAye haiN| inake mUla meM bhAvanA yahI rahI hai ki vibhinna gatividhiyoM ke mAdhyama se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA adhikAdhika prasAra va pracAra ho sake / Aja deza jisa aitihAsika daura se gujara rahA hai usameM hameM rASTrIya caritra kA nirmANa karane aura rASTra meM anuzAsana, maryAdA va kartavyapAlana kI preraNA jagAne ke liye bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM se prAdarza grahaNa karanA hogaa| maiM AzA karatA hUM ki ApakI vRhad smArikA isa dizA meM upayogI prakAzana siddha hogii| maiM Apake prakAzana kI saphalatA cAhatA huuN| (harideva jozI)

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kRSi tathA siMcAI maMtrI bhArata sarakAra naI dillI-110001 MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE & IRRIGATION GOVERNMENT OF INDIA NEW DELHI-110001 naI dillI, dinAMka 18 aktUbara, 1975 mahAvIra jI ke 2500 veM pari-nirvANa varSa ke upalakSa meM nirvANa mahotsava mahA-samiti dvArA dIpAvalI ko eka smArikA prakAzita kI jA rahI hai, yaha jJAta huaa| / AzA hai, smArikA meM mahAvIra jI ke siddhAntoM, AdezoM aura upadezoM kI samucita jAnakArI hogii| ... smArikA upayogI siddha ho / (jagajAbana rAma)

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rakSA utpAdana maMtrI, bhArata MINISTER OF DEFENCE PRODUCTION, INDIA naI dillI akTUbara 07, 1975 sandeza mujhe yaha jAnakara prasannatA huI hai ki rAjasthAna prA0 bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500vAM parinirvANa mahAsamiti bhagavAna mahAvIra ke niriNa varSa ke avasara para eka smArikA prakAzita karane kI yojanA banAI hai / ahiMsA ke pravartaka bhagavAna mahAvIra bhAratIya ciMtana evaM vedAnta ke eka ujjvala nakSatra ke samAna daidIpyamAna the| unhoMne mAnava jAti ko kartavyapatha para agrasara hone kA jo divya saMdeza diyA usase mAnava jAti sadaiva kRtajJa rhegii| mujhe AzA hai ki smArikA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM tathA siddhAntoM para upayogI lekhAdi saMkalita kiye jAyeMge jisase mAnava jAti ko preraNA evaM mArgadarzana mila sake / prAyojana kI saphalatA ke liye hArdika zubha kaamnaaeN| (rAmavikAsa nidhI)

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mukhya maMtrI madhya pradeza mujhe yaha jAnakara prasannatA huI ki rAjasthAna bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500vAM nirvANa mahotsava samiti ne nirvANa mahotsava ke antima dina eka vRhata smArikA prakAzita karane kA nizcaya kiyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra eka yuga puruSa the| unhoMne mAnavatA ko "jiyo aura jIne do" kA siddhAnta diyA aura mAnava kalyANa ke lie satya aura ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ke pAlana para bala diyaa| maiM AzA karatA hUM ki sabhI loga bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA batAe gae mArga para calakara deza ke cahu~mukhI vikAsa aura deza meM . sukha evaM zAMti sthApita karane meM apanA mahatvapUrNa yoga deNge| . smArikA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMpUrNa jIvana kI jhAMkI aura janatA ke liye unake upadezoM kI pUrNa jAnakArI saMkalita hogI, aisI mujhe AzA hai| maiM smArikA ke saphala prakAzana kI hRdaya se kAmanA karatA huuN| (prakAzacanda seThI)

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BABUBHAI JASHBHAI PATEL Chief Minister, General Administration, Finance, Planning, Industrial Policy, Capital Project, Sachivalaya, Gandhinagar, (Gujarat State) Date : 26-10-1975. bhAI zrI rAjasthAna prAMtiya bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500 nirvANa mahotsava mahAsamiti isa varSa ke antima dina dipAvalI para smArikA prasiddha kara rahA hai vaha bar3e harSa aura garvakI bAta hai, Apako isa kArya meM saphalatA mile yahI zubhecchA. bhavadIya, (bAbUbhAI paTela)

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CHIEF MINISTER, HARYANA CHANDIGARH sandeza bhArata kI dharatI RSiyoM-muniyoM tathA avatAroM kI dharatI hai| mahApuruSoM ne jahAM yAtmika-zAMti kA mArga dikhalAyA vahAM mAnava-mAtra ke kalyANa-kAryoM ke karane para bala diyaa| bhagavAn mahAbIra svAmI ahiMsA tathA kSamA ke avatAra the| unakA jIvana darzana vizva meM bhAI-cAre va maitrI aura prema kI bhAvanA phailAne ke lie eka prakAza-puja kA kAma kara rahA hai| sadiyoM se hara manusya una ke upadezoM se AdhyAtmika zAnti va ahiMsA kI preraNA prApta karatA rahA hai| rASTrapitA mahAtmA gAMdhI ne unake ahiMsA ke dikhAe hue mArga ko apanAkara ho deza ke lie AjAdI prApta kii| bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI jI ke paccIsaveM nirvANa zatAbdI varSa meM unheM hamArI saccI zraddhAMjali yahI hai ki hama una ke dikhAe hue rAste para caleM aura vizva meM napharata, vaira-virodha tathA UMca-nIca ke vAtAvaraNa ko khatma kara prema, ahiMsA tathA bhrAtRbhAvoM kA prasAra kreN| maiM Apa kI smArikA ke prakAzana kI saphalatA kI kAmanA karatA huuN| maMgala-kAmanAoM sahita, (baMsIlAla)

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rAjasthAna ucca nyAyAlaya jodhapura dinAMka 14-10-75 mA0 mukhya nyAyamUrti prakAza nArAyaNa siMhala priya zrI pATanIjI, vIra-nirvANa-smArikA-hetu Apa ne merA sandeza cAhA jisake lie hArdika dhnyvaad| Apake isa punIta kArya ke lie Apako hArdika dhanyavAda dete hue smArikA ke saphala sampAdana ke lie hArdika zubhakAmanAyeM preSita haiN| maiM pAzA karatA hU~ ki yaha smArikA ahiMsA evaM vizvamaitrI ke mahAnatama siddhAntoM ke praNetA evaM pratipAdaka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAvana sandeza ke vyApaka pracAra evaM prasAra dvArA jana sAdhAraNa ko ina siddhAntoM ko sahI artha meM samajhakara jIvana meM utArane kI preraNA evaM sphUti degii| bhavadIya zubheccha (prakAza nArAyaNa siMhala)

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adhyakSa rAjasthAna vidhAnasabhA jayapura dinAMka 15 akTUbara, 1975 priya zrI pATanIjI, ___ mujhe yaha jAnakara ati prasannatA huI ki AgAmI dIpAvalI ke zubha avasara para rAjasthAna prAntIya bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500vAM nirvANa mahotsava mahAsamiti bhagavAna mahAvIra para eka bRhat smArikA kA prakAzana karane jA rahI hai jisameM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvanI va unake batAye gaye AdarzoM kA digdarzana hogaa| / yadi hama tanika bhI kisI mahAna prAtmA kI ora dRSTi DAleM to hameM jJAta hogA ki ve kisI eka samAja vizeSa yA eka deza kI dharohara nahIM hote balki ve sAre vizva tathA mAnava mAtra ke hitaiSI hote haiM-usI prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bhI jAti pAMti, UMca nIca va choTe bar3e kA bhedabhAva bhulAkara sabako samAna dRSTi se dekhA aura sabako apane upadeza se lAbha phuNcaayaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra satya aura ahiMsA ke pujArI thevAstava meM dekhA jAya to hama mahApuruSoM ko bhUlate jA rahe haiM sirpha aupacArikatA ke nAte unake janma divasa va nirvANa divasa para unakI yAda kara lete haiM - daraasala hama hamAre mahAn puruSoM ke batAye gaye mArgoM se bhaTaka gaye haiM aura yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja samAja va deza meM azAMti va ahiMsA kA vAtAvaraNa panapa rahA hai-- sahI mAne meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa mahotsava manAnA to tabhI sArthaka hogA ki jaba hama unake batAye gaye mArgoM-AdarzoM para caleM unakA anusaraNa kreN| mujhe khuzI hai ki isa smArikA se samAja va pAThakoM ke hRdayoM meM eka bAra punaH bhagavAna mahAvIra ke batAye gaye mArgo-prAdarzoM ke prati sajaga hone kA maukA milegA / anta meM maiM Apake isa prayAsa evaM smArikA kI saphalatA kI kAmanA cAhatA huuN| ApakA, (rAmakizora vyAsa)

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sandeza vitta maMtrI, rAjasthAna, jayapura akTUbara 16, 1975 mujhe yaha jAnakara prasannatA ho rahI hai ki ahiMsA ke sandezavAhaka, syAdvAda siddhAnta ke praNetA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2600 veM nirvAraNa mahotsava ke samApana samAroha ke upalakSa meM pUre varSa meM jo lokahita ke kArya hue hai unakI sampUrNa jAnakArI hetu eka vRhada smArikA kA prakAzana rAjasthAna prAntIya bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500 vAM nirvANa mahotsava mahA samiti dvArA kiyA jA rahA hai / isa avasara para maiM apanI zubhakAmanAeM preSita karatA hUM / ( candanamala baMda )

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vitasiMha rAThaur3a, zikSA maMtrI, a0 zA 0 patra saMkhyA 968 | zi0 maM0 1 75, jayapura rAjasthAna dinAMka 4 akTUbara, 75 1 zrImAn pATanI sAhaba, mujhe yaha jAnakara atyanta prasannatA huI ki Apa bhagavAna mahAvIra 2600vAM nirvANa mahotsava ke zubhAvasara para vIra nirvANa smArikA kA prakAzana karane jA rahe haiN| yaha bhI harSa kA viSaya hai ki Apa isa patrikA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vicAroM evaM siddhAntoM para kAphI vistAra meM vivecana deMge / smArikA kI saphalatA ke liye maiM apanI zubha kAmanAeM bhejatA hUM / ApakA sadbhAvI, ( khetasiMha rAThauDa ) svAsthya maMtrI rAjasthAna, jayapura jayapura, dinAMka 22 / 23 akTUbara, 1975 sandeza bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500 veM parinirvANa varSa ke avasara para rAjasthAna prA0 bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa mahotsava mahAsamiti ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sandeza ko jana-jana taka pahu~cAne ke lie jo eka smArikA prakAzita karane kA nizcaya kiyA hai vaha eka sarAhanIya kadama hai / isa smArikA ke lie merI ora se zubhakAmanAeM svIkAra kreN| bhavadIya, ( mohana chaMgANI )

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zivacaraNa mAthura, kRSi evaM khAdya maMtrI / saMdeza mujhe jAnakara hArdika prasannatA hai ki rAjasthAna prAntIya 'bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500 nirvANa mahotsava mahAsamiti' dvArA isa pari - nirvANa varSa meM Ayojita samAroha tathA bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA batAye gaye ahisA evaM pavitra jIvana darzana ke siddhAntoM evaM saMdezoM ko jana-jana taka pahuMcAne ke lie eka bRhata smArikA prakAzita kI jA rahI hai / jayapura rAjasthAna dinAMka 17 akTUbara, 1975 vartamAna samaya meM deza kI sAMskRtika dharohara evaM racanAtmaka mUlyoM ke mahatva ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue, mujhe prAzA hai ki "yaha smArikA" deza ke yuvA, bAla evaM vRddha sabhI varga ko sadAcAra, anuzAsana evaM rASTrIya ekatA va sudRr3hatA banAye rakhane kI bhAvanA ke anurUpa AcaraNa karane kI dizA meM sabala preraNA degI : smArikA ke saphala prakAzana hetu merI hArdika zubhakAmanAe~ / sadbhAvI, ( zivacaraNa mAthura ) rAmanArAyaNa caudharI sahakAritA maMtrI jayapura rAjasthAna 9 akTUbara, 1975 sandeza mujhe yaha jAnakara prasannatA huI hai ki rAjasthAna meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI 25 sau vo nirvANa mahotsava ke antargata 'vIra nirvAraNa smArikA' kA prakAzana kiyA jA rahA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra kA sandeza jana-jana taka pahu~cAne ke liye vibhinna staroM para prayAsa kiye jA rahe haiM / AAja ke sandarbha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sandeza vizeSa mahatva rakhate haiM / grahiMsA, bhAIcArA, vizvavandhutva aura prANI mAtra para dayA yAdi lokopayogI zikSAoM kA grahaNa kara hama apane jIvana ko samunnata banA sakate haiM / maiM AzA karatA hUM ki Apake dvArA prakAzita kI jAne vAlI smArikA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sandezoM ko jana sAdhAraNa taka pahu~cAne ke prayAsa meM saphala hogii| maiM Apake isa prayAsa kI saphalatA kI kAmanA karatA hUM / ( rAmanArAyaNa caudharI ) sahakAritA mantrI, rAjasthAna sarakAra, jayapura

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kamalA benIvAla rAjya mantrI janasamparka evaM Ayurveda vibhAga, rAjasthAna, jayapura sande za akTUbara, 1975 prasannatA hai ki mahAvIra svAmI ke 2500veM nirvANa mahotsava ke avasara para vIra nirvANa smArikA kA prakAzana kiyA jA rahA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA batAye gaye satya-ahiMsA aura aparigraha ke mArga para calakara Aja sahI mAyane meM zAnti prApta kI jA sakatI hai| isa sambandha meM AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki mahAvIra svAmI ke AdarzoM ko jIvana meM pUrI taraha apanAyA jaae| AzA hai, vIra nirvANa smArikA meM Ama AdamI kI jAnakArI ke lie mahAvIra svAmI ke upadezoM kA vistRta rUpa meM ullekha kiyA jaavegaa|. . ... .. . zubhakAmanAoM sahita, (kamalA benIvAla) BIJOY SINGH NAHAR MLA. 48, Indian Mirror Street Calcutta-13 zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500 nirvANa varSa kA utsava hara deza meM manAyA jA rahA hai| rAjasthAna prantiya mahotsava mahAsamiti "vIra nirvANa smArikA" prakAzita kara rahI hai jAnakara khusI huii| - Aja ke samasyAmaya deza meM, bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvana sAdhanA evaM vANI kA pracAra honA atyanta Avazyaka hai| jaina AcaraNa vaijJAnika hai| AtmA ko nirjarA karane meM --mAnava jIvana zuddha rakhane meM samAja vyavasthA suniyaMtrita rakhane meM--hiMsA, zoSaNa, anAcAra kA parNatayA lopa karane meM-mahAvIra kA upadeza hI kAryakArI ho sakatA hai| ahiMsA, aparigraha ke parNa pratIka bhagavAna mahAvIra apane jIvana sAdhanA dvArA yaha saba pramANita kiyA hai| jaina koI sImita dharma nahIM hai--yaha vizvadharma hai / anekAMta ko jAnane vAlA sarva dharma para zraddhA rkhegaa| "Namo loe savva sAhUNaM" kA maMtra japane vAlA, kevala jaina sAdhu ko hI nahIM, vizvaloka ke saba sAdhu ko namaskAra karatA hai| kitanA vyApaka Adarza hai| AzA hai "vIra nirvANa smArikA" janatA ke sAmane zuddhamArga kA pradarzana karane meM saphalatA lAbha kregaa| isa prakAzanI ke prati hamArI shubhkaamnaa| vijayasiMha nAhara

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kaipTina seTha sara mAgacanda sonI ajamera dinAMka 22-10-75 sandeza mujhe yaha jAnakara hArdika prasannatA huI ki Apa bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500veM parinirvANa mahotsava ke antargata dIpAvalI ke punIta avasara para 600 pRSThIya 'mahAvIra smArikA' kA prakAzana kara rahe haiN| vizvavaMdya bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sArvajanIna evaM sArvakAlIna divya upadezoM se prANI mAtra kA Atma kalyANa huA hai / una upadezoM kA mUlya mAja niHsandeha sArvajanIna mahatva rakhatA hai| vijJAna kI cakAcauMdha meM digbhramita janatA adhyAtma ke vaiziSTya ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI dvArA hI udbodha prApta kara sakatI hai / mujhe vizvAsa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vizvopakArI siddhAntoM kA smArikA meM samAveza hogaa| ahiMsA, satya, aparigraha, anekAnta kI rASTrIya garimAkA digdarzana samartha vidvAnoM kI lekhanI dvArA karAyA jaavegaa| smArikA ke sundara evaM saphala prakAzana ke liye merI aneka maMgala kaamnaaeN| (bhAgacanda sonI)

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ahamadAbAda tA. 11.10.16 rAjasthAna prAntIya bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500 vAM nirvANa mahotsava mahAsamiti dipAvalI para vRhada smArikA kA prakAzana kara rahe haiM vaha jAnakara khuzI huii| maiM AzA rakhatA hUM ki ApakI smArikA ko jaina dharma ke ucca siddhAMtoM ko deza meM pracAra karane kI saphalatA mile| li. kastUrabhAi lAlabhAike praNAma kalakattA 19-10-75 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500 vAM nirvANa mahotsava ke upalakSa meM rAjasthAna prA0 mahAsamiti eka smArikA prakAzita kara rahI hai so jAnakara bahuta khuzI huii| rAjasthAna sarakAra ne isa varSa ahiMsA ke mArga meM jo kadama uThAe haiM evaM ahiMsA ke divya sandeza hetu jo nirNaya liyA hai ve bahuta ullekhanIya evaM prasaMzanIya haiM / merI kAmanA hai ki isa smArikA ke jarie ahiMsA ke ye niyama sabhI prAnta ke lie preraNA kA srota baneM evaM isakA prabhAva kSaNika na hokara. bhaviSya meM barAbara ke lie kAyama rahe jisase sampUrNa prANI mAtra kA kalyAsA hotA rhe| bhavadIya, (nathamala seThI)

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navala kizora zarmA saMsada sadasya 226 nArtha aivenyU, naI dillI 27-10-75 priya zrI pATanIjI, __ ApakA patra milA tadartha dhanyavAda ! bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500 nirvANa mahotsava ke antima dina rAjasthAna zAkhA ne smArikA nikAlane kA nirNaya kara eka acchA kAma kiyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sambandha meM aura nirvANa mahotsava ke sAla meM kiye gaye kArya kA eka acchA saMkalana janamAnasa kI preraNA kA srota ho sakatA hai| merA vizvAsa hai ki rAjasthAna prAMtIya samiti ne nirvANa mahotsava ke avasara para jaisA acchA kArya kiyA hai usa hI ke anurUpa smArikA bhI niklegii| isa avasara para merI zubhakAmanAeM svIkAra kreN| bhavadIya, (navala kizora zarmA) yazapAla jaina sampAdaka, 'jIvana sAhitya' 7/8, dariyAgaMja, dillI-6 27-9-75 priya bhAI, yaha jAnakara harSa huaA ki Apa eka smArikA kA prakAzana kara rahe haiM / Apake Ayojana kA svAgata karatA hUM aura usakI saphalatA ke lie apanI hArdika zubhakAmanAeM bhejatA huuN| - dIpAvalI Aloka kA parva hai para hamArI kaThinAI yaha hai ki hama bAhara ke prakAza ko dekhate haiM aura usI kI cintA karate haiM, kama hI loga haiM jo prAMtarika prakAza para dhyAna dete haiN| jaba taka antara Alokika nahIM hogA taba taka bAharI prakAza vizeSa lAbhadAyaka nahIM hogaa| mahAvIra ne apane antara ko aisA Alokita kiyA ki sArI duniyA jagamagA utthii| Aja usI prakAza kI AvazyakatA hai| ApakI smArikA usa dizA meM preraka siddha ho, aisI kAmanA hai| vizeSa kRpA! saprema ApakA (yazapAla jaina)

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paryaTana tathA nAgara vimAnana mantrI MINISTER OF TOURISM & CIVIL AVIATION naI dillI, dinAMka 28 akTUbara, 1975 deza yaha harSa kA viSaya hai ki rAjasthAna prA0 nirvANa mahotsava mahAsamiti ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ke puNya parva para "vIra nirvANa smArikA" nAma se eka vRhada smArikA ke prakAzana kA nizcaya kiyA hai, jisakA uddezya bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMdeza ko jana-jana taka pahu~cAnA tathA rAjasthAna meM lokahita ke kAryoM kI prakRti se janatA ko paricita karAnA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra vizva itihAsa ke una mahAna jyotistambhoM meM se haiM jinase mAnava sabhyatA sadA prabhAvita evaM preraNA grahaNa karatI rhegii| unakA sabase mukhya saMdeza prANimAtra ke prati karuNA evaM prema kI bhAvanA thI / parantu yaha vRtti vyakti ke jIvana meM binA kaThora tyAga, tapasyA aura aparigraha sAdhanA ke utpanna nahIM ho sakatI / tapaHpUta, niSkAma nirlobha, hRdaya hI devIya karuNA kI bhUmikA taka pahuMca sakatA hai| jahAM "ahiMsA" ke ananya udgAtA ke rUpa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra sadA smaraNa kiye jAyeMge vahAM vizva ke pratisUkSma kAntadraSTA mahASI vicArakoM kI koTi meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA sthAna sadA cagragaNya rhegaa| rAjasthAna sarakAra ne isa varSa ko "ahiMsA varSa" ghoSita karake isa yuga puruSa ko usakI pAvana smRti ke anurUpa hI sakriya zraddhAMjali samarpita kI hai jisake lie vaha mukta hRdaya se sAdhu vAda kI pAtra hai| maiM pApake prAyojana kI pUrNa saphalatA ke lie apanI hArdika zubhakAmanAeM bhejatA hUM / bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500 vAM 2500 veM parinirvANa varSa (rAja bahAdura)

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siMcAI maMtrI jayapura rAjasthAna 24 akTUbara, 1976 priya zrI pATanIjI, bar3I prasannatA kA viSaya hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500 veM parinirvANa varSa ke .,upalakSa meM rAjastha na prA0 bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500 vAM nirvANa mahotsava mahAsamiti eka vRhada smArikA prakAzita kara rahI hai| merI isI saphalatA ke lie zubha kAmanA svIkAra kreN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko hama apane pratidina kI jIvanacaryA me utAreM jisase satapta mAnava jIvana ko zakti mile| vinIta, (hIrAlAla devapurA)

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vizvavaMca zrI bhagavAna mahAvIra hiMsA ke mahAna pujArI the| unhoMne mAnavatA kA mahAn upadeza diyA / karaNAsAmara bhagavAna ne sirpha mAnava ke lie nahIM kintu mAnavetara sabhI prANiyoM ke lie kyA, karuNA dharma kA pAlana karane kA upadeza diyA thaa| __ isI lie duHkha se pIr3ita mAnavI ke lie sevA suzruSA vaha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kalyANakArI prAdeza ko hI sanmAna denA barAbara hai| rAjasthAna sarakAra ne deza kI mahAna vibhUti bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nirvANa zatAbdi ke nimitta jo zraddhAMjali dI hai yaha sacamuca sabhI ke lie hArdika banyavAdAha hai| maura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana ke bhitti-citra banAne kA bhI prAyojana eka uttama kArya haiN| rAjya sarakAra aura prajA ko binamra anurodha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mahiMsA aparigraha karuNA dayA maitrI sevA upadeza ko apane bIvana meM utAra kara anyoM kI sevA kara mAtmA kalyANa kreN| (sunizrI yovijayanI)

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zuddhi-patra isa smArikA ke prathama khaNDa meM pRSTha saM. 13 para lekhaka ke nAma meM "nArmohI' ke sthAna para "nirmohI" pRSTha. saM. 37 para zIrSaka meM "bhavAna" ke sthAna para "bhagavAna" va pRSTha saM. 149 para zIrSaka meM "matyu" ke sthAna para "mRtyu" pddh'e|"

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1. prakAzakIya 2. sampAdaka kI kalama se 3. prabandha sampAdaka kI kalama se krama 1. 2. prAcArya zrI tulasI lekhaka kA nAma prathama-khaNDa bhagavAna mahAvIra : jIvana, cintana aura dezanA zIrSaka 3. munizrI nagarAjajI DI0 liT0 4. zrI zobhanAtha pAThaka 5. muni zrI nathamala 6. muni zrI gulAbacanda nirmohI 7. zrI hajArIlAla jaina " kA kA" 8. DA0 narendra bhAnAvata 9. zrI pravINacanda chAbar3A 10. zrI tArAdatta "nivirodha" 11. sAdhvI zrI kastUrAMjI 12. sAdhvI zrI saMghamitrAjI 13. sAdhvI zrI USAkumArIjI 14 sAdhvI zrI dhanakumArIjI 15. DA0 narendra bhAnAvata 16. sAdhvI jJAnamatijI 17. sAdhvI zrI kanaka zrIjI 18. munizrI mohanalAlajI 'zArdUla' 19. sAdhvI prAnandazrIjI 20. sAdhvI pramukhAzrI kanakaprabhAjI 21. zrI ramezacandra jaina 22. pro0 DA0 rAjArAma jaina 23. pro0 pravINacanda jaina 24. zrI gulAbacanda jaina vaidya 25. DA0 premasumana jaina anukramaNikA apanI bAta maMgalAcaraNam lokataMtra ko buniyAda mahAvIra kA darzana bhagavAna mahAvIra kI kaMvalya sAdhanA vIra vaMdanA ( kavitA ) jaina paramparA meM dhyAna pRSTha saM0 1 5 8 9 mahAvIra kA zrAtmavAda aura sukhavAdI paramparA 13 vIra isa bhU para punaH mAnA par3egA (kavitA) 16 tIrthaMkara 17 23 24 25 27 31 33 36 37 39 43 46 47 49 55 59 62 65 bhagavAna mahAvIra eka caritra yA cAritra eka dRSTi bharapUra ( kavitA ) satya banAma mahAvIra : mahAvIra banAma satya bhagavAna mahAvIra kI antaH krAnti dhyAna yogI mahAvIra bhagavAna mahAvIra kI kSamatA mahAvIra ! nirvANa tumhArA bhagavAna mahAvIra zraura karma siddhAnta svatantra cetanA ke sajaga praharI mahAvIra bhagavAna mahAvIra aura nArI jAgRti mahAvIra kI khidamata eka sthAyI samAdhAna ga Ta bhagavAna mahAvIra kI tapaH sAdhanA dIkSA divasa evaM dIrgha tapasvI mahAvIra jaina darzana kI dainika jIvana meM upayogitA jaya mahAvIra kI gU Mja uThI ( kavitA ) bhagavAna mahAvIra kA syAdvAda

Page #27
mA 26. DA0 devendrakumAra zAstrI 27. zrI ghAsIrAma jaina 'candra' 28. DA0 hukamacanda bhArilla 29. suzrI suzIlAkumArI vaida 30. DA0 kanchedIlAla zAstrI 31. zrI padama kumAra seThI 32. zrImatI vidyAvatI jaina 33. zrI kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA 34. zrI kArtikeyakumAra jaina 35. zrI agaracanda nAhaTA 36. zrI rAjaghara jaina 'paramahaMsa' 37. zrI jamanAlAla jaina 38. munizrI chatramalajI . 40. zrI yazapAla jaina 39. DA0 gokulacanda jaina 41. DA. mahendrasAgara pracaMDiyA mAdhyAtmika UrjA ke kendraka : bhagavAna mahAvIra 69 dIpa jale (kavitA) vItarAgI vyaktitva : bhagavAna mahAvIra tIna satya (kavitA) dIvAlI aura usakA rUpa 79 cakale kI vezyA sadAcAra kA upadeza (kavitA) 82 bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA aparigrahavAda . 83 samakAlIna bhautikavAda aura bhagavAna mahAvIra 87 saMyama kI rAha (kavitA) 90 bhagavAna mahAvIra kA zArIrika evaM guNoM kA prAcIna varNana bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana darzana kA vaijJAnika vizleSaNa 95 jaina dharma meM zrAvaka kI mahattA 99 sUkti-dohana 106 mAnava ke sukha kA adhiSThAna aparigraha 107 jaina darzana kI vyApakatA 101 jaya jaya yuga nAma ! vIra prabhu ! mere praNAma (kavitA) 114 ahiMsA banAma hiMsA 115 kartavya vIra (kavitA) 118 jJAnamaye hi AtmA 119 tU svatantra saMgIta hai (kavitA) 122 bhagavAna mahAvIra kA kendrIya siddhAnta ahiMsA; eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 123 jaina darzana meM ja vAtmA tathA muktAmA 133 anumAna aura usake prakAra 139 pAzcAtya bhauti| vAda aura usake vinAzakArI pariNAma 143 zAradA stutiH 148 mRtyu nahIM nirvANa kyoM ? 14) sarvodaya tIrtha jaina dharma 153 kyoM na bahe jJAna jyoti dhArA (kavitA) 156 mahAvIra kAla meM sAmAjika vyavasthA 157 42. zrI pratApacanda jaina 43. zrI bazIraprahamada "mayUkha" 44. zrI udayacandra 'prabhAkara' zAstrI 45. zrI prasannakumAra seThI 46/DA0 sAgaramala jaina 47. DA. pramodakumAra jaina 47. sAdhvI zrI kanakaprabhAjI 48. zrI biradhIlAla seThI 49. prAcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI 50. zrI riSabhadAsa rAMkA 51. zrI rAjakumAra zAstrI 52. DA0 chalabihArI gupta ... 53. DA0 zrI kastUracanda kAsalIvAla

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pRSTha saM. - sanA dvisIya-khaNDa kalA, saMskRti aura sAhitya krama lekhaka kA nAma zIrSaka 1. zrI nemicandra jaina bardhamAno jineza : 2. zrI zailendrakumAra rastogI jaina kalA vaibhava 3. zrI digambaradAsa jaina bihAra kA itihAsa aura jaina purAtatva 4. DA0 zobhanAtha pAThaka bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pAvana-janmabhUmi kuNDapura 9 5. pro0 zrIraMjanasUrideva jaina dharma aura bihAra 6. zrI lADalIprasAda jaina pApaDIvAla zrI nirvANa kSetra vaMdanA (kavitA)............ 14 7. zrI candanamala "cAMda" jaina zilpa aura kalA ............. 15 8. zrI bhUracanda jaina prAcIna aitihAsaka nagarI jUnA (bAhar3amera)-. tathA jaina tIrtha nAkor3A .. ... 9. zrI anokhIlAla prajamerA bAla mahAvIra stavana (kavitA) 10. paM0 zrI udaya jaina vIra ke anuyAyiyoM kA kalA prema 11. zrI ramezacanda bAjhala amRta vANI 12. zrI vijayazaMkara zrIvAstava rAjasthAna kI prAcIna jaina mUrti kalA 13. DA0 dhannAlAla jaina zrI vIra nAmAvalI-kIrtana (kavitA) 35 14. DA. jyotiprasAda jaina cittaur3a paTTa ke digambara bhaTTAraka 37 15. DA. kusuma paToriyA pAlokita sAtha lokAkAza (kavitA) 16. pro0 kRSNadata vAjapeyI bhagavAna mahAvIra viSayaka purAtatvIya pramANa 17. zrI nIraja jaina hAthI gumphA zilAlekha kI viSaya vastu va DA0 kanhaiyAlAla agravAla 18.vaidya jJAnendra yuga kA arcana (kavitA) ... .54 10. AcArya anandaprasAda jaina "lokapAla" zrI vIra parinirvANa bhUmi kI bhAMko / 20. munizrI chatramala (sakalanakartA jugalakizora bhojaka) aitihAsika jaina tIrtha rANakapura (kavitA) 21.paM0 paramAnanda jaina zAstrI vaTa kerAcArya aura mUlAcAra 2. zrI zarmanalAla 'sarasa' kaise bhUla sakegA tumako ? (kavitA) . 23. zrImatI puSpalatA jaina brahma jayasAgara kA sItAharaNa 24. paM0 premacanda 'divAkara' dIpa kI dIpita katAre (kavitA) 25. DA0 bAlakRSNa 'prAkiMcama' punIta mAgama sAhitya kA nIti zAstrIya siMhAvalokana 73 26. muni zrI 'dinakara' bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prati 27. DA0 indararAja vaida ahiMsA dharma pracAraka : tamila saMta tiruvaluvara 79 28. zrI udayacanda 'prabhAkara' vaha dIpa jo eka bAra jalA (kavitA) 29. zrI kundanalAla jaina itihAsa-puruSa nemi prabhu kI lokapriyatA 85 40 Ne 0 78 84

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30. DA0 mAgacanda jaina 31. DA0 lakSmInArAyaNa dube 32. paM0 anUpacanda nyAyatIcaM 33. vaidya prakAza canda 1. zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA 2. DA0 mahendra bhAnAvata 3. DA0 zAntA bhAnAvata 4. zrI mahAvIra koTiyA 5. zrI prema canda vikA 6. DA0 manohara zarmA 7. L. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. hukamacanda 'anila' tRtIya khaNDa rAjasthAnI bhASA rI racanAvA Lord Mahavira and Marx. Transitoriness of Health and Wealth. Fundamentals of Jain Mysticism. The Message of Dharma. Serpent Cult and Jain Tirthankars Why Groan Development of Jain Art in Madhyapradesh 2500 Years of Jainism tIrthaMkaratva aura buddhatva prApti ke nimittoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana hindI sAhitya meM nagavAna mahAvIra svAmI prANI kA uddhAra karegA mahAvIra sandeza tumhArA ( kavitA ) 111 Arya bhaTTa aura una para jaina jyotiSa kA prabhAva 113 bhagavAna mahAvIra ( kavitA rAjasthAnI ) Section 4 ENGLISH CONTENTS parabhu pAlaye mahAvIra rA darzana meM tatvacintana tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ahiMsA rA dUta bhagavAna mahAvIra gotama, tyAga pramoda tU bhagavAna mahAvIra Dr. Harendra Pd. Verma V. P. Jain Dr. Kamal Chand Sogani V. P. Jain Shri Digambardas Jain Advocate V. P. Jain K. D. Bajpai Muni Shri Mahendrakumarji paMcama khaNDa loka kalyANa kI ora bar3hate caraNa 91 99 13703 190 15 16 1 8 9 14 15 20 21 25

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rAjasthAna prAMtIya bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500 vA nirvANa mahotsava mahAsamiti ke padAdhikArI mahAta zrI bhAgacanda sonI ,, rAjarUpa TAMka ,, khelazaMkara durlabhajI mannAlAla surANA ., sampata kumAra gadha iyA mohanalAla kAlA , rikhabarAja karNAvaTa mANakacanda sogAnI , ghevaracanda kAnUnago amaracanda lUnIyA , mAMgIlAla jaina -adhyakSa -kAryAdhyakSa -upAdhyakSa -upAdhyakSa -pradhAna mantrI -koSAdhyakSa -saMgaThanamaMtrI -sadasya rAjasthAna prAMtIya bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500 vAM nirvANa mahotsava mahAsamiti ke jilA saMyojakoM kI sUcI: ajamera alavara bAr3amera bAMsavAr3A bIkAnera zrI amaracanda lUniyA zrI padamacanda pAlAvata zrI bhUracanda jaina zrI rAjamala jaina zrI jayacandalAla nAhaTA

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bUMdI bharatapura bhIlavAr3A cittaur3agar3ha curU DUMgarapura gaMgAnagara jayapura jAlora jhAlAvAr3a jhujhunU jaisalamera jodhapura zrI jayakumAra jaina zrI tejapAla rokar3iyA zrI zAntilAla pokharaNa zrI navaratanamala paTavArI zrI sohanalAla hIrAvata seThazrI kurIlAla jaina zrI lUNakaraNa jaina (i) zrI rAjarUpa TAMka (ii) zrI kapUracanda pATanI zrI bhaMvaralAla mehatA zrI sampatarAja jaina zrI vimalacanda zrImAla zrI saubhAgyamala jaina zrI mAraNakacanda saMcetI zrI mANakacanda godhA zrI pI0 sI0 jaina zrI sampatamala bhaNDArI zrI rUpacanda jaina zrI tejarAja bAphanA zrI kezarImala dIvAna zrI phatahalAla jiMdANI zrI bherUlAla dhAkar3a koTA nAgaura pAlI savAImAdhopura sirohI sIkara ToMka udayapura

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5 parasparopagraho jIvAnAm

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divya-vANI eno ya marai jIvo, epro ya uvavajjai / eyAsa jAi maraNaM, epro sijjhai poro|| artha-yaha jIva akelA hI maratA hai aura akelA hI utpanna hotA hai / usake akele kI hI mRtyu hotI hai arthAt dUsarA koI sAtha nahIM jaataa| yaha jIva akelA hI karmarUpI maila ko naSTa kara evaM zuddha ho siddha pada ko arthAt mukti ko prApta karatA hai| -prAcArya zrI vaTTakara svAmI

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rAjasthAna rAjya 2500 voM mahAvIra nirvANotsava samiti saMrakSaka mahAmahima rAjyapAla saradAra jogendra siMha jI

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mmll raaraarrrrrrrrrrrrraammaa m um m raaraaraariraaraar or

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prakAzakIya bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai "nirarthaka mata bolo, jo sAra bhUta hai vahIM kaho" rAja0 prAM0 bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500vAM nirvANa mahotsava mahAsamiti ke maMca se isa siddhAnta ko yathAzakti apanAne kI ceSTA kI gaI hai| gata varSa meM nirvANa mahotsava ke kAryakramoM ke antargata, rAjasthAna meM adbhuta kArya hue haiN| samasta bhArata meM isa varSa ke hue kAryoM kI tulanA meM rAjasthAna kI upalabdhiyAM sarvopari hai| hamAre eka-eka jile aura ekaeka zahara ne pUrNa rUpa se saMgaThita hokara suniyojita DhaMga se yojanAoM ko kriyAnvita kiyA hai aura AzAtIta saphalatAe prApta kI haiN| hamArI saMgaThana kI yojanA pUrNa saphala rahI hai hamane hara zahara, tahasIla, jile tathA prAnta ko apane-apane stara para saMgaThita karane kA upagraha kiyA hai / sarakAra se hameM pUrNa sahayoga milA hai aura sarakArI karmacAriyoM se pUrNa tAlamela baiTha sake, isakA samajhadArI se tAlamela baiThAyA gayA hai| janatA meM ekatA utsAha va kartavya kI bhAvanA na jAgatI to hamArI saphalatA AsAna nahIM hotii| uparokta sabhI upalabdhiyoM kA varNana sAra bhUta hai aura yaha janatA ke sammukha lAnA Avazyaka hai tAki sabako preraNA mile aura jo kucha hamane kiyA hai yA huA hai, usakA sAMgopAMga siMhAvalokana bhI ho sake / agara kahIM koI kamI rahI hai to hameM use sudhAranA hai aura jo mArga ucita rahA hai hameM usakI ora Age pragati karanI hai| isa hetu yaha mAvazyaka thA ki prAnta va jiloM kA lekhA jokhA samasta samAja ke sammukha samupasthita kiyA jAye / etadartha hamane vIra nirvANa smArikA prakAzita karane kA nirNaya kiyA hai| __ smArikA meM lekhe jokhe ke sAtha-sAtha sundara lekha bhI saMgrahita kiye gae haiM jo bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI mahAnatA, upAdeyatA, pAvazyakatA aura satyatA para prakAza DAlate hai| ___ isa sAre upakrama kI saphalatA ke lie maiM hamArI smArikA ke prabandha sampAdakoM, sampAdakoM va vyavasthApakoM ke sahayoga ko hI AdhArabhUta mAnatA huuN| zrI bhaMvaralAla polyAkA ne pUrNa parizrama karake bahuta sundara sAmagrI juTAI hai, unakI laganazIlatA ke binA isa rUpa meM smArikA

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prakAzita honA sambhava nahIM thii| zrIyut kapUracandajI pATanI ekadaphA phira hamArI mahAsamiti ke brahmAstra siddha hue hai| unhoMne bahuta mahanata karake sAre vijJApana, citra Adi juTAe haiM aura sArI vyavasthAeM vyava. sthita kI haiN| zrI kevala canda jI TholiyA ne bhI ajantA priNTasaM ke mAdhyama se smArikA ke prakAzana meM mahatvapUrNa sevAyeM dI hai / maiM samasta lekhakoM va vijJApanadAtAoM ke prati hRdaya se AbhArI hUM kyoMki unake yogadAna ke binA smArikA kA na to itanA bar3A kalevara hI bana sakatA thA aura na usameM AtmA pratiSThita kI jA sakatI thii| hamane svalpa kathana meM sAra bhUta kahane kA prayatna kiyA hai| agara pAThakoM ne isa sAra bhUta ko usI bhAvanA ke sAtha grahaNa kiyA to hamArA prayatna saphala mAnA jAegA aura hameM atyanta prasannatA hogii| jaya vIram (sampata kumAra gapaiyA). pradhAna mantrI jayapura kArtika kRSNA dviIyA vIra nirvANa samvat 2501

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xxxxxxxxxxxx sampAdaka kI xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx X**** ****** kalama XXXXXKKKH bhagavAna mahAvIra : jIvana aura cintana bhArata kI isa puNyadharA ne saiMkar3oM hI nahIM anaginata aise jyotipuJjoM ko janma diyA hai jo vizva ke jyotirloka meM Aja bhI apane tejobala se na kevala svayaM prakAzita hokara camacamA rahe haiM apitu vizva kA andhakAra naSTa kara jagata ke prANiyoM kA apane nirmala prakhara prakAza se mArga-pradarzana kara rahe haiM / aise hI jyoti-puJjoM meM se eka bhagavAna mahAvIra bhI haiN| unakA batAyA mArga Aja bhI jagat ke prANiyoM ko zAzvata akhaNDa nirAbAdha sukha kI prApti karAne meM utanA hI sakSama aura samartha hai jitanA Aja me 2500 varSa pUrva vaha thA aura bhaviSya meM bhI usakI kSamatA meM koI kamI Ane vAlI nahIM hai| -- Aja se 2573 varSa pUrva mahAvIra ne vaizAlI gaNarAjya ke kSatriya kuNDa grAma meM apane janma se isa bhU ko pavitra kiyA thaa| unake pitA kA nAma siddhArtha aura mAtA kA trizalA thaa| caitra zuklA trayodazI kA dina thaa| unakA janma nAma mahAvIra thaa| unakI AtmA ne isa bhava se pUrva ke kaI bhavoM meM ghora sAdhanA kI thI jisakA puNya karma unake sAtha thaa| ve atizaya puNyazAlI the| isI janma meM hone vAle tIrthaMkara the| ve tIrthaMkara prakRti nAmaka karma kA baMdha sAtha lekara hI janme the / isase adhika puNya prakRti anya koI hotI hI nahIM ataH usake mAtA-pitA, kuTumbI tathA prajAjanoM ko nirantara zrI vRddhi honA svAbhAvika thaa| isa kAraNa loga

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unheM vadhamAna nAma se bhI abhihita karane lage / apane viziSTa jJAna ke kAraNa ve sanmati khlaaye| apane atula bala parAkrama evaM nirbhayatA ke nimitta se unheM logoM ne vIra, ativIra Adi nAmoM se bhI pukArA / unakI bhinna-bhinna AdhyAtmika vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa unake 1008 nAma hue| unake bhautika nAmoM meM se vIra, mahAvIra, vardhamAna, sanmati, ativIra, vaizAlIya, jJAtR putra prAdi nAma vizeSa prasiddha haiM / 4. mahAvIra ke samaya deza meM bar3I vicitra paristhitiyAM thiiN| saba ora jAti vAda kI Aga lagI huI thii| pratyeka apane ko ucca aura dUsare ko nIca samajhatA thA / saba ahaM ke parvata para car3he hue the| koI usase utaranA nahIM cAhatA thaa| loga jihvA lolupa ho rahe the / apane kSaNika svAda sukha ke kAraNa ve eka dUsare ke khUna ke pyAse ho rahe the| balavAna, nirbala ko satAnA, unake prANa taka le lenA apanA adhikAra samajhate the| ise unhoMne dharma kA prAvaraNa pahanA diyA thaa| hareka apane ko saccA aura dUsare ko jhUThA samajhatA thaa| striyAM gAr3I ke do pahiyoM meM se eka na samajhI jAkara tiraskRta thIM, paira kI jUtI samajhI jAtI thiiN| mahAvIra ne socA yaha saba kyA hai ? kyoM loga sarpa ke samAna viSadhara bane hue haiM ? kyoM insAna hI insAna kA duzmana ho rahA hai ? cAMda kI zItala cAMdanI sabako milatI hai, dharatI apanA anna sabake lie samAna rUpa se ugAtI hai, megha sabake lie barasate haiM, unameM koI durAva nahIM hotA, koI pakSapAta nahIM hotA to phira dharma bhI aisA kyoM kahIM ? saba jInA aura sukhI honA cAhate haiM, maranA aura duHkhI honA koI nahIM cAhatA, sabakI AtmA samAna hai, kyoM nahIM loga isa tathya ko samabhate ? kyoM ve eka dUsare ke khUna ke pyAse ho rahe haiM ? isa samasyA kA nidAna kyA hai ? isa cintana ne mahAvIra ko eka dizA dii| unhoMne socA jaba taka manuSya svayaM pUrNa na bane, svayaM usa mArga para na cale taba taka use dUsaroM ko upadeza dene kA koI haka nahIM hai aura na usakA upadeza prabhAvI hI ho sakatA hai aura ve cala par3e sampUrNa sAMsArika vaibhavoM ko lAta mAra jaMgala kI ora apanI janmajanmAntaroM kI sAdhanA ko pUrNa karane, mukti kA mArga khojane / vaha dina thA mArgazIrSa kRSNA dazamI kaa| isa samaya unakI Ayu kevala 30 varSa kI thii| bAraha varSa taka unhoMne ghora tapasyA kii| unakA tapasvI jIvana pariSahoM aura upasargoM se paripUrNa thA kintu kisI prakAra kI vighna bAdhAoM

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kI unhoMne koI cintA nahIM kii| ve eka niSTha hokara apanA uddezya prApti hetu sAdhanA meM lage rahe / bAraha varSa kI kaThora sAdhanA ke pazcAta ve apanI sAdhanA meM saphala hue| akhaNDa jJAna ke prakAza se unakA AtmA mAlokita ho uThA, ananta avyAbAdha sukha kI unako prApti huI, unakI prAtmA meM ananta zakti aura vizvAsa kA abhyudaya huvA / unakI AtmA meM vaha teja, vaha zakti prasphurita huI ki kevala unake darzana mAtra se prANI apanA vaira virodha bhUla jAte the| ve jahAM bhI jAte zAMti kI ajasra dhArA pravAhita hone lagatI thI / zera aura gAya eka ghATa pAnI pIne lagate the, sarpa aura nakula eka sAtha krIr3A karane lagate the| ve ghUma ghUma kara logoM ko saMmArga kA upadeza dene lage / unakI upadeza sabhA samavazaraNa kahalAtI thI jo binA kisI bheda bhAva ke prANI mAtra ke lie khulI rahatI thii| unhoMne apane upadezoM meM batAyA-- 1-mUDa muDA lene se koI zramaNa, oMkAra kA uccAraNa mAtra karane se koI brAhmaNa, vana meM rahane mAtra se hI koI muni aura valkala vastroM ke dhAraNa karane se hI koI tApasI nahIM ho jaataa| veSa kA koI mahatva isa jIvana meM nahIM hai| asalI mahatva to AcaraNa kA hai| sAdhutva aura asAdhutva kI pahacAna to usake guNoM aura durguNoM se hotI hai / guNoM se hI mAnava pUjya banatA hai kisI liGga vizeSa athavA vaya vizeSa ke kAraNa nhiiN| 2-saba jInA cAhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM cAhatA / saba sakhI rahanA cAhate haiM. dukhI honA koI nahIM cAhatA ataH apanA AcaraNa aisA banAno jisase koI dukhI na ho, kisI kA ghAta na ho| __ 3-pUrNa satya kahA nahIM jA sakatA prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| pratyeka mata AMzika satya kA pratipAdana karatA hai| ve saba mila kara eka pUrNa satya banate haiM ataH yaha aAgraha mata rakho ki jo kucha maiM kahatA hUM vaha hI satya hai| tuma bhI satya kahate ho aura dUsarA bhI satya kahatA hai bheda hai to mAtra dRSTikoNa kaa| eka dRSTi se amuka bAta satya ho sakatI hai to dUsarI dRSTi se vaha hI asatya bhI ho sakatI hai / hI aura bhI kA samucita prayoga karanA jAno / satya hI aura bhI kA sammilita rUpa hai / na kevala hI satya hai aura na kevala bhii| eka dRSTikoNa se vastu tatva hI hai to dUsare dRSTikoNa se anyathA hone se bhI hai / isalie apane hI dRSTikoNa ko mahatva mata do, dUsare ke dRSTikoNa ko samajhane kA bhI prayatna kro|

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gRhasthoM ke lie unakA upadeza thA 4-icchAeM asImita haiM / eka vyakti kI icchAoM kI bhI pUrti vizva ke sampUrNa padArtha nahIM kara skte| icchAeM surasA rAkSasI kI taraha bar3hatI haiM / saMsAra kI azAMti kA kAraNa yaha hai ki pratyeka vyakti apanI prAkAMkSAoM kI pUrti cAhatA hai| dUsaroM kI AkAMkSAoM se usakA koI sarokAra nhiiN| ataH apanI AkAMkSAoM ko sImita rakho / AvazyakatA se adhika kA saMgraha mata kro| yadi tumhAre pAsa AvazyakatA se adhika hai to loka-kalyANa ke lie usakA vitaraNa kro| 5-hita, mita aura priya bolo / aise upadeza mata do jisase loga kumArga kI ora pravRta ho jAya / kisI kI cugalI, nindA Adi mata kro| kisI kI dharohara mata haro / na kisI ke dhana kA svayaM apaharaNa karo, na dUsaroM se karAo, na aisA karane vAle kI prazaMsA karo, kumArga se prApta sampatti kA grahaNa mata kro| 6--kAnUna kA pAlana karo / vyavahAra meM ImAnadAra raho / vastuoM meM milAvaTa karake mata beco, pUrA nApo, pUrA tolo, lene aura dena ke bATa aura mApa alaga alaga mata rkho| na svayaM anaitika AvaraNa karo aura na anaitikatA ko bar3hAvA do / 7-jaisA karoge vaisA bharoge / jaisA bovoge vaisA kAToge / jaisA bIja hogA vaisA vRkSa lgegaa| duSkArya karake zubha kI AzA karanA durAzAmAtra hai / ataH yadi jIvana meM sukha cAhate ho to azubha kAryoM se, azubha pravRttiyoM se bco| 30 varSa taka ghUma ghUma kara ve logoM ko aihika aura pAralaukika sukha zAMti kA mArga batAte rahe / anta meM kevala 72 varSa kI alpa vaya meM kArtika kRSNa kI amAvasthA ko vaha dIpa zikhA bujha gii| / unakA nirvANa hue Aja 2500 varSa ho gaye / tathApi unake Adarza Aja bhI jIvita haiM / a.ja bhI jaina nitya prati ye bhAvanAeM bhAte haiM satveSu maitrI guNISu pramodaM, kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpAparatvam / mAdhyastha bhAvaM viparItavRttau sadA mamAtmA vidadhAtu deva / / ve prArthanA karate haiM dezasya rASTrasya purasya rAjJaH karotu zAMti bhagavAjinendra !

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be Age cAhate haiM kSemaM sarva prajAnAM prabhavatu balavAndhAmiko bhUmipAlaH / kAle kAle ca samyagvarSatu maghavA vyAdhayo yAntu nAzam / durbhikSaM cauramArI kSaNamapi mAsma bhUjjIvaloke........ / lekina AvazyakatA kevala bhAvanA bhAne athavA prArthanA karane kI nahIM una AdarzoM ko apane jIvana meM utArane kI hai taba hI hamArA 2500 vAM nirvANa varSa manAnA sArthaka tathA hamArA jIvana saphala ho sakatA hai tathA vizva vinAza ke kagAra se haTa kara sukha aura zAMti kI sAMsa le sakatA hai| vidvAnoM ke prati samAja kA dAyitva Aja samAja se jaina dharma aura darzana ke talasparzI jJAna rakhane vAle vidvAnoM kA prAyaH prabhAva hotA jA rahA hai| isakA eka mAtra kAraNa hai mAM jinavANI ke ina sevakoM ke prati samAja kI ghora upekSA vRtti / peTa ke pATI bAMdha kara bhI mAM jinavANI ke koSa meM apane athaka parizrama se vRddhi karane vAle una sevakoM kI samAja ne kabhI bhI sadha nahIM lii| jinhoMne apanA sampUrNa jIvana mAM jinavANI kI sevA meM lagA diyA ve Aja kaisI abhAva kI jindagI jI rahe haiM yaha jAnane kA samAja ne koI prayatna nahIM kiyaa| phalataH koI navIna vidvAn isa patha para agrasara honA nahIM caahtaa| AvazyakatA unako sammAnita karane kI utanI nahIM hai jitanI unakI roTI rojI kI vyavasthA karane kI / ina dinoM kaI aise vidvAnoM ke udAharaNa sAmane Ae haiM aura chaTapuTarUpeNa unakI samAja ne sahAyatA bhI kI hai kintu vaha to samudra meM bUda ke barAbara bhI nahIM hai / kucha sau rupayoM kI sahAyatA Aja ke yuga meM kitane dinoM kA jIvana-yApana karane ko paryApta ho sakate haiM ? 2500 veM nirvANa varSa meM samAja ko kucha isa sambandha meM karanA caahie| mahAvIra jayantI kI chuTTI prAzA thI ki bha0 mahAvIra kA itane samAroha se nirvANa varSa manAra, vAlI hamArI sarakAra kama se kama usa mahAn AtmA ke janma dina kI to aba chaTTI ghoSita kara hI degI kintu patroM ke par3hane se jJAta huvA ki hamAro vaha AzA bhI phalavatI nahIM huii| jaba anya dharmoM ke mahApuruSoM ke janma divasa kI chaTTI sarakAra rakhatI hai to mAtra bha0 mahAvIra ke janma divasa kI

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chuTTI hI sarakAra kyoM nahIM karatI ? chuTTI eka dina kI aura bar3hA dene se athavA chaTTiyAM aura kama kara dene se sarakArI kArya meM koI vizeSa antara zrAne vAlA hai yaha tarka bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki bhArata meM kAma karane vAloM kI manaH sthiti kisI se chapI nahIM hai / sarakAra ke isa nirNaya se hamArI sthiti aura zakti kA punaH eka bAra pardAphAza ho gayA hai / aura aba DA0 upAdhye bhI nahIM rahe : jaina vidyA tathA jaina vAGmaya ke advitIya vidvAn DA. e. ena. upAdhye bhI aba hamAre bIca nahIM rahe / yaha samAja kA durbhAgya hI hai ki jaina bhAratI ke sevaka eka eka kara hamAre bIca se uThate jA rahe haiM aura unake sthAna kI pUrti karane vAle vidvAna Age A nahIM rahe / DA. nemIcandra zAstrI, zrI gulAbacandra caudharI, aura DA. hIrAlAla jaina ke pazcAt yaha isa varSa kI sabase bar3I kSati hai / ve eka aise vidvAn the jinake RNa se samAja uraNa nahIM ho sakatA / 2500 nirvANa varSa kI upalabdhiyAM bha0 mahAvIra kA 2500 vAM nirvANa varSa samUce jaina samAja kI dRSTi se kaI mahatvapUrNa upalabdhiyoM kA varSa rahA hai / isa varSa kI sabase bar3I upalabdhi to yaha rahI hai ki samAja ke vibhinna prAmnAyoM ke loga eka dUsare ke adhika nikaTa Ae haiM aura unhoMne eka dUsare ko sahiSNu hokara sunane samajhane kA prayatna kiyA hai / samAja hita ke hI nahIM prANihita ke bhI bahuta se kArya isa varSa sampanna hue haiM / bha0 mahAvIra ke upadezoM aura siddhAntoM kA pracAra prasAra bhI isa varSa meM khUba huvA hai phalasvarUpa jaina dharma aba kahIM bhI ajJAta nahIM rahA hai / nizcaya hI kamiyAM bhI rahI haiM jo svAbhAvika bhI thI tathApi upalabdhiyAM bhI nagaNya athavA upekSaNIya nahIM haiM / kintu jaisA ki AcArya tulasI ne apane sandeza meM kahA hai hamArA yaha artha kahIM iti hokara na raha jAya isa ora hameM jAgarUka rahanA cAhie / samAja meM kArya karane ko vizAla kSetra hai aura kamiyAM itanI haiM tathA unakI jar3a itanI gaharI haiM ki unheM dUra karane ke lie unheM ukhAr3a pheMkane ke lie varSoM ke prayatna kI AvazyakatA hai / 2500 veM nirdhAraNa varSa kI parisamApti ke sAtha hI kahIM hamAre bar3hate kadama lar3akhar3A na jAveM / loka-kalyANa kI jo sukhada maMdAkinI ina dinoM pravAhita huI hai vaha kahIM sUkha na jAya / isa varSa kI ye upalabdhiyAM hamAre joza aura hoza ko kAyama rakhane vAlI pramANita honI cAhie /

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smArikA ke sambandha meM rAjasthAna prAntIya bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500 vAM nirvANa mahotsava samiti ne smArikA prakAzana kA nirNaya paryApta vilaMba se liyA aura jaba yaha gurutara kArya karane kA bhAra hama para DAlA gayA to eka bAra to hama hicake ki itane kama samaya meM yaha kArya kaise sampanna hogA phira yaha soca kara ki prayatna karane meM kyA hAni haiM hamane ise svIkAra kara liyA aura hameM prasannatA hai ki itane kama samaya meM yaha kArya sampanna hokara smArikA yathAsamaya pAThakoM ke hAthoM meM hai| isake lie sabase adhika dhanyavAda ke pAtra to hamAre ve kRpAlu lekhaka haiM jinhoMne hamAre eka patra para hI apane racanAeM samaya para bheja diiN| unake prati jitanI bhI kRtajJatAjJApana kiyA jAya thor3A hai| dUsare dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiM prabandha sampAdaka gaNa jinhoMne sArI vyavasthA juTAI / sampAdakamaNDala ke sAthI to mere apane hI parivAra ke, kSetra ke haiM unakA 'pUrNa sahayoga aura sahAyatA mujhe milI ve bhI dhanyavAdAha haiN| DA0 bhAnAvata kA nAma isa sambandha meM vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| presa ke mainejara zrI saMghI se lekara vahAM ke sAre karmacArI bhI kama dhanyavAda ke pAtra nahIM haiM jinhoMne rAtoM jaga kara isakA kalApUrNa mudraNa kiyA hai| mere sahAyaka zrI cetana kumAra jaina evaM zrI pramoda jaina ne prUpharIDiMga, patra vyavahAra Adi kAryoM meM mere kaMdhe se kaMdhA bhir3A kara kArya kiyA hai| ina sabakA to maiM dhanyavAdAha aura kRtajJa hUM hI sAtha hI maiM nirvANa mahotsava mahAsamiti ke kAryakartAoM kA bhI ki unhoMne mujhe isa gurutara kArya ke yogya smjhaa| smArikA meM nizcaya hI kamiyAM rahI haiN| jisa rUpa meM use pAThako ke samakSa prastuta karanA cAhate the usa rUpa meM nahIM kara sake isakA kheda hai| samayAbhAva ke sAtha isa kSetra kI merI anubhava zUnyatA bhI isakA kAraNa hai| ina saba zruTiyoM aura khAmiyoM ke lie maiM pAThakoM se kSamA prArthI hUM / agara koI acchAiyAM haiM to ve saba mere sAthiyoM ke ananya sahayoga aura satparAmarza kA phala hai aura ve hI isake zreya ke sacce adhikArI haiN|

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smArikA sampUrNa jaina samAna kA prakAzana hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana prasoM, strI mukti, mallInAya strI thI athavA puruSa, mAdi kaI bAtoM ko lekara jaina samAja ke vibhinna sampradAyoM meM matabheda haiM jo chupA tathya nahIM hai / hamArI pAThakoM se isa sambandha meM sahiSNutA baratane kI prArthanA hai| kucha racanAeM smArikA meM sthAna nahIM pA sakI haiM jinakA yathAsAdhya anya avasara para upayoga karane kA prayatna hogA nahIM to ve lekhakoM ko lauTA dI jaaveNgii| -bhaMvaralAla polyAkA

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Xxxxxxxxxxx prabaMdha sampAdaka KXXX* XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX kalama (**XXXX** 13 navambara san 1974 se prArambha hone vAlA bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500vAM nirvANa mahotsava varSa na kevala jainoM ke lie apitu samAja evaM sarakAra ke lie kaI mahatvapUrNa upalabdhiyoM kA varSa rahA hai| bhArata kA zAyada hI koI konA aisA ho jahAM isa varSa kucha na kucha janahita evaM lokakalyANa ke kArya na sampanna hue hoN| isa varSa ko sarakAra aura janatA ne jisa utsAha evaM suniyojita DhaMga se manAyA usase bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nAma evaM unake siddhAnta na kevala bhArata apitu bhArata se bAhara bhI gUMja utthe| yaha eka prakAra se mahAvIra ke ahiMsA, anekAnta aura aparigraha jaise siddhAntoM kI vijaya thI jo sarvadharmasamabhAva, sarvajAtisamabhAva, aura sarvaprAriNasamabhAva meM pratiphalita hote haiN| sarakAra kI dRSTi se isa varSa kI mahatvapUrNa upalabdhiyoM meM se eka hai divyI ucca nyAyAlaya kI khaNDapITha dvArA 14 pharavarI san 1975 ko kucha jaina bandhunoM praura eka jenetara bandhu dvArA prastuta riTayAcikAmoM para diyA gayA nirNaya / ina riTayAcikAoM meM jo mukhya muddA uThAyA gayA thA vaha yaha thA ki bhArata eka dharmanirapekSa rAjya hai aura isalie vaha kimI eka dharma vizeSa ke mahAparuSa kI smati meM manAye jAne vAle utsavoM meM na to kisI prakAra kA vyaya kara sakatI hai aura na koI prAyojana hii| sarakAra kA aisA karanA saMvidhAna ke viruddha hai kyoMki isase jaina dharma kA kA pracAra prasAra hotA hai aura anya dharmoM ke

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prati bhedabhAva aura pranyAnya hotA hai / ina riTayAcikAmoM meM eka prAivayaM evaM vismayajanaka bAta yaha thI ki unameM jainoM kI ora se yaha kahA gayA gayA thA ki mahAvIra kA kAryakSetra eka dharma vizeSa thA aura isalie unheM mahAmAnava yA samAjasudhAraka ke rUpa meM nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / ucca nyAyAlaya ne prArthiyoM kI ina dalIloM ko radda karate hue mAnanIya nyAyAdhIzoM zrI bI. esa. dezapANDe tathA mAnanIya nyAyAdhIza zrI yogezvara dayAla apane aitihAsika nirNaya meM kahA hai 'dharmanirapekSatA ke viSaya meM pazcimI dhAraNA yaha hai ki sarakAra ko dhArmika kAryakramoM se koI vAstA nahIM rakhanA cAhiye / saMvidhAna kA uddezya yaha nahIM hai ki saba dharmoM se bilkula dUra raheM balki usakA uddezya yaha hai ki sarakAra dharmoM ke viSaya meM niSpakSa dhAraNA rakhe aura sabhI dharmoM tathA dhArmika alpasaMkhyakoM se samAna vyavahAra kare / bhAratIya saMskRti meM dharma eka anivArya aMga hai lekina lakSya prora uddezya kI dRSTi se sAMskRtika gatividhi dhArmika gatividhi se bhinna hotI hai| jainoM ko jahAM jaina dharma kA pAlana karane tathA bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANotsava manAne kA pUrNa adhikAra hai vahAM sarakAra aura grAma vyaktiyoM ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prati zraddhA vyakta karane se rokA nahIM jA sakatA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ahiMsA kA jo siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA usakA lAja mI deza va antarrASTrIya kSetroM meM bar3A mahatva hai / balazAlI vyakti kamajora kA zoSaNa na kare, hiMsA na kI jAya, tathA rASTrIya va antarrASTrIya samasyAoM ko zAMtipUrNa vArtA se sulajhAne ke prayAsa kiye jAMya, ina sabhI bAtoM ko bhagavAna maha vIra ke isa siddhAnta se bala milatA hai| isa bAta para hara vyakti ko garva honA cAhiye ki ina mahAna siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karane vAle bhagavAna mahAvIra isa deza meM DhAI hajAra sAla pahale avatarita hue / Adhunika samaya meM ina siddhAntoM kA bar3A mahatva hai aura sarakAra tathA anya vyaktiyoM kA aise mahApuruSoM kA nirvAgotsava manAne kA pUrA adhikAra hai / " ! dillI uccanyAyAlaya ke ukta nirNaya ne jahAM eka ora sarakAra ke isa - sambandha meM AI vighna bAdhAoMoM ko dUra kara usakA mArga prazasta kiyA hai vahAM jainoM para bhI yaha mahAn uttaradAyitva AyA hai ki ve apane kAryakalApoM evaM prAcAraNa meM bha. mahAvIra kI batAI zikSAoM aura siddhAntoM ko utAra apane Apako bhagavAn mahAvIra kA saccA anuyAyI pramANita kareM / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kabhI bhI apane Apako kisI dharma, jAti prathavA varga vizeSa taka sImita nahIM rakhA aura na kabhI inako koI mahatva hI pradAna kiyA / unakI dRSTi meM mAnava kI mahattA usake vRddhigata hotI hai kisI dharma, jAti * athavA vaga vizeSa meM janma lene se nahIM / unhoMne kahA - ' guNAH pUjAsthAnaM na ca guNoM se

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liMgaM na ca vayaH prAdamI guNoM ke kAraNa pUjya banatA hai kisI liMga prathavA prAyu ke kAraNa nhiiN| unhoMne 'buddha' vA vardhamAna zatadalanilayaM kezavaM vA 'brahmA vA viSNuva harojino vA namastasmai kA zakhanAda diya sampradAyavAda kA unhoMne bar3e jora se khaNDana kiyA / unhoMne mAnava ko vicAra abhivyakti kI pUrNa svatantratA dI tathA dUsaroM se isa sambandha meM sahiSNu hone ko khaa| unhoMne satya kI khoja meM vibhinna dRSTikoNoM ko pUrNa mahatva diyaa| unhoMne kahA ki jisa dRSTikoNa se tuma apane Apa ko satyamArga para samajhate ho dUsare dRSTikoNa se vicAra karane para yaha galata bhI ho sakatA hai prata: apane hI dRSTikoNa para DaTe rahane kA Agraha mata rakho, dUsaroM kI bhI suno aura samajho / zivaM vA tathA jAtivAda tathA unakA pahiMsA kA siddhAnta mAnava ko paridhi ko bhI lAMghakara jIvamAtra taka pahuMcatA hai| hiMsA kI jo pUrNa vyAkhyA unhoMne prastuta kI usakI prApti anyatra durlabha hai| anAvazyaka saMgraha ko unhoMne hiMsA kA hI rUpa batAyA / Aja ke vaijJAnika evaM tarka pradhAna yuga meM unake siddhAMta kasoTI para pUre khare utarate haiM aura jaisA ki ucca nyAyAlaya dillI ne apane nirNaya meM kahA hai bhagavAna mahAvIra kA sandeza zrAja bhI utanA hI upayukta aura mahatvapUrNa hai jitanA ki vaha unake svayaM ke samaya meM thA "The message of a great person like Bhagwan Mahavir is as relevant of to day as it was in his Mahavir was one of the great figures of Indian History. bhagavAn mahAvIra ke siddhAnta hamAre dhAna ke saMvaidhAnika DhAMce ke mUlabhUta time. aMga hai| rAjasvAna meM parinirvANa varSa zAnti varSa ke rUpa meM manAyA gyaa| pUre varSa ke lie zikAra evaM phAMsI ko sajA para pratibaMdha lagA diyA / pazu pakSI bali para kAnUnana roka lagAkara hiMsA ke prati pUrNa niSThA vyakta kI gii| vikalAMga bandhuoM ke lie 5 lAkha kI rAzi se nizulka raMga upalabdha karAne ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra vikalAMga sahAyatA koSa kI sthApanA kI gaI / rAjasthAna meM hue samasta kAryakrama meM rAjasthAna prAntIya bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500 vA~ nirvANa mahotsava mahAsamiti bhagraNI rhii| sampanna samAroha ke zubhAvasara para smArikA, jisameM bhagavAna mahAvIra jaina darzana tathA parinirvANa varSa meM hue kAryoM kA ullekha ho, usake lie mujhe prabaMdha sampAdaka manonIta kara jo bhAra DAlA usakI saphalatA kI jAMca to pAThakagaraNa hI kareMge kintu yahAM maiM ullekha karanA cAhUMgA ki mahAsamiti ke kAryAdhyakSa zrI rAjarUpajI TAMka evaM pradhAnamantrI zrI sampatakumArajI

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ca iyA ke sakriya evaM pramUlya sahayoga ke binA alpa samaya meM smArikA kA prakAzana nahIM ho sakatA thA / smArikA ke sampAdana meM paM. bhavaralAlajI polyAkA jaina darzanAcArya svastha hote hue bhI jisa niSThA eva parizrama ke sAtha unhoMne va unake sampAdaka maMDala ke sahayogiyoM ne jo kArya kiyA hai, yaha prakAzana unhIM kA pratiphala hai / maisarsa ajantA priNTarsa vizeSakara zrI jitendrakumAra saMghI, zrI kevalacandajI TholiyA ne rAta dina parizrama kara mudraNa kArya kiyA hai vijJApanadAtAoM ke Arthika sahayoga kA hI pariNAma hai ki prakAzana samaya para ho sakA / maiM una vidvAnoM ke prati AbhAra prakaTa karUMgA jinhoMne alpa samaya kI sUcanA para hI apanI vidvatApUrNa racanAe~ bhejakara manugRhIta kiyA / vizvavaMdya bhagavAna mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM zata zata bandana / kapUracanda pATanI - prabaMdha sampAdaka

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bhagavAna mahAvIra : jIvana, cintana aura dezanA HEERESEMES SERNIGERESELLE SEEEENAMMARMEEEEEE PRESCREEEEER ERGREEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEESECSHREARRESEN kha Us RECENERGREEMES HESESERO39:5RASRAECERGES

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maMgalAcaraNam yo vizvaM vedavedya jananajananidheGginaH pAradRzvA, paurvAparyAviruddhaM vacanamanuparma niSkalaMka yadIyam / taM vande sAdhuvaMdya nikhila gurapanidhi dhvastadoSadviSantam, buddhaM vA vardhamAnaM zatadalanilayaM kezavaM vA zivaM vA // bhavavIjAGka rajaladA rAgAdyA kSayamupAgatA yasya / brahmA vA viSNurvA haro jino vA namastasmai / jarAjaratyAH smaraNIyamIzvaraM, svayaMvarIbhUtamanazvarazriyaH / nirAmayaM vItamayaM bhavacchidaM namAmi voraM nUsurAsuraiH stutam // |

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pacIsavIM nirvANa bhI the, eka prasaMga meM unhoMne kahA thA ki - svatantra zatAbdI kI carcA Aja dezavyApI bana rahI hai| bhArata kA lokatantrAtmaka saMvidhAna pUrNataH bhinna-bhinna kSetroM meM apanI apanI yogyatA aura anAkramaNa, sahaastitva, samatA aura saMyama para kSamatA ke prAcAra para bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke kArya prAdhArita hai| ye tatva mahAvIra ke maulika aura krama mAyojita ho rahe haiN| vyAvahArika siddhAnta haiM ataH hama kaha sakate hai prazna ho sakatA hai, bhagavAn mahAvIra kI ki bhAratIya saMvidhAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM meM nirvANa zatAzdI kyoM manAI jaae| hama bhI mAnava prabhAvita hai athavA mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM ne bhAratIya haiN| mahAvIra bhI mAnava the| phira aisI kauna sI vize- lokatantra ko maulika aura vAstavika dizA darzana SatA hai jisake kAraNa mahAvIra kI nirvANa zatAbdI diyA hai| manAyI jA rahI hai ? hama mahAvIra kA nirvANa bhAratIya saMvidhAna ne anAkramaNa-nIti ko mahotsava isalie manAte haiM ki unhoMne jo darzana svIkAra kiyA hai| Aja se par3hAI hajAra varSa diyA, jo mUlya sthApita kie aura jo siddhAnta pahale bhagavAna mahAvIra ne yahI kahA thA-turma nizcita kie ve sarvajanahitAya the| unameM yuga mAkAMtA mata bno| kisI para AkramaNa kara kI samasyA kA samyak samAdhAna nihita hai| usakI sArvabhauma svatantratA kA apaharaNa mata kro| lokataMtra kI buniyAda mahAvIra kA darzana -prAcArya zrI tulasI - mahAvIra ne ahiMsA, aparigraha, anekAnta, Aja isa anAkramaNa nIti ke pakSa meM samUce viNa saMyama aura samatA ke jo sUtra diye ve adhyAtma kI janabhAvanA jAgRta ho rahI hai| koI kira kI dRSTi se to asAdhAraNa the hI, rAjanaitika para AkramaNa karatA hai to saba kI aMgulI usa dRSTi se bhI unake mahatva ko nakArA nahIM jA pora uThatI hai / isase AkramaNa ke lie ekAe' sktaa| vAstava meM ve lokataMtra zAsana praNAlI ke kisI kA sAhasa nahIM hotaa| yuddha kI bhayAnA prAdhArabhata sUtra haiN| aura vinAzakArI samasyA ke samAdhAna meM manAkramA bhArata ke bhUtapUrva rASTrapati DA. sarvapallI nIti saphala aura kAragara siddha huI hai| vie rAdhAkRSNan jo na kevala rASTrapati the apitu zAnti kI dizA meM ise mahAvIra ke siddhaantoN| bhAratIya aura pazcimI darzanoM ke marmajJa vidvAn mUlyavAna yoga kahA jA sakatA hai|

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1-3 ha-mastitva bhagavAna mahAvIra kA hI siddhAMta samasyAoM kA samAdhAna bhI saMyama se prApta ho sa siddhAnta kA hI supariNAma hai ki atyanta sakatA hai| thI vicAradhArA vAle bhI eka maMca para baiThakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa samAroha ke samasyAoM kA samAdhAna khojata hai aura upalakSa meM isa varSa ko saMyama varSa ke rUpa meM bala kara usa dizA meM prayAsa karate haiN| manAne kA nirNaya liyA gayA hai| isase prAtmagata mahAvIra ke aparigraha darzana kA phalita hai- aura vyaktigata lAbha ke sAtha rASTragata lAbha bhI nAna kA samAjavAda / unhoMne kahA""artha kA prApta hogaa| saMgraha mata kro| galata tarIkoM se marjana mata Aja rASTra jina saMkaTapUrNa sthitiyoM se gujara hai| parjana ke sAtha visarjana kA sUtra bhI unhoMne rahA hai unake samaradhAna ke lie na kevala jaina / kyoMki pUjI kA kendrIkaraNa sAmAjika apitu samasta dezavAsiyoM ke lie saMyama kI sAdhanA matA ko bar3hAvA detA hai| aura viSamatA hI atyanta Avazyaka hai| . saMyama aneka prakAra kA saMgharSa kA utsa hai / tatkAlIna samAja vyavasthA ho sakatA hai| anna, pAnI, vastra, vidyuta, yApta viSamatA ke viruddha mahAvIra ne samatA yAtAyAta prAdi vibhinna prakAra se usakA prayoga siddhAnta pratiSThita kiyaa| unhoMne kahA '' ho sakatA hai| jo jitanA saMyama karegI, vaha keva maamussojaatiH"| jAtIyatA, prAntIyatA, utanA hI adhika samAdhAna pIra rAhata prApta sTrIyatA, sAmpradAyikatA, tathA bhASA prAdi ke kregaa| mAja ke yuga meM sattA aura sampatti kA dhAra para prakhaNDa mAnava jAti ko vipakta vyAmoha bhI kramazaH bar3hatA jA rahA hai| ye donoM ranA bhayaMkara bhUla aura mAnavatA ke lie pabhizApa itane mIThe pralobhana haiM ki unake AkarSaNa se baca pAga aura svayaM ko surakSita rakha pAnA bahuta kaThina bhAratIya saMvidhAna meM bhI jAti, dharma liMga, raMga hai| jana-sAmAnya ke lie anukaraNIya aura di pariprekSyoM meM palane vAle bhedabhedoM ko koI prazaMsanIya vahI vyakti ho sakatA hai jo inase dUra jAna nahIM hai / nAgarikatA ke mUlabhUta adhikAra rahA hai| ke lie samAna rUpa se surakSita haiN| hara vyakti nI pratibhA, vyaktitva aura kartRtva ke balapara prAja taka kA itihAsa yaha batalAtA hai ki ghaTa ke sarvocca pada para pratiSThita ho sakatA hai bhale satA aura sampatti ke pIche daur3ane vAlA apanI vaha kisI jAti yA dharma se sambandhita ho| pratiSThA aura garimA ko kabhI surakSita nahIM rakha bhAdazaM kevala saMvidhAna taka hI sImita nahIM paayaa| papitu bhArata ne samaya samaya para isako vyAva- eka saMnyAsI thA / vaha sadA apanI tapa:sAdhanA rika rUpa bhI pradAna kiyA hai| yaha udAra meM lIna rahatA thaa| usakI sAdhanA kI suvAsa TakoNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samatAvAdI siddhAnta dara-dara taka phaila gii| usake antaHkaraNa se bahane kriya nvayana hai| valI maitrI, prama aura karuNA kI dhArAmoM ne saMyama bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA pradatta maunika vAyu-maNDala aura nikaTavartI prANI hRdayoM ko ra mahatvapUrNa sUtra haiN| jIvana kI jaTilatAnoM itanA prabhAvita kiyA ki janma se zatratA rakhane kaThinAiyoM se rAhata pAne kA dizA-darzana vAle prANI bhI apanA pArasparika vairabhAva bhUlakara se prApta hotA hai, prabhAva, maMhagAIprAdi prema se rahate the /

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1-4 saMnyAsI kI prasiddhi aura bar3hate hue pramAva ke rakhe ? vaha use apane pAsa rakhane lgaa| isa se kAraNa eka nina devarAja indra kA prAsana Dola pAsa rahane vAle vanya-pazu bhayabhIta hone lage / sabakI uThA / indra ghabarAyA paura socane lagA-kahIM yaha bhAvanAeM badalane lgii| prema, karuNA aura mahiMsA tapasvI merA bhAsana na chIna le / apane prAsana ko kA srota sUkhane lgaa| hiMsA aura pratihiMsA kI surakSita rakhane ke lie prAvazyaka hai ki tapasvI ko bhAvanAeM jAgane lgii| tapasvI kA prabhAva bhI usakI sAdhanA se vicalita kruu| use eka upAya samApta hone lgaa| usakI zAnti aura samAdhi suujhaa| usane brAhmaNa kA rUpa bnaayaa| hAtha meM khaMDita ho gii| mana vicacita ho gyaa| isase eka talavAra lI aura saMnyAsI kI kuTiyA ke pAsa indra kA Asana punaH jama gayA / vaha talavAra sattA se gujarA / jAte-jAte usane kahA-bAbA ! mujhe kI pratIka thii| jo isameM ulajha jAtA hai vaha prAge jAnA hai| isa talavAra ko sAya rakhakara apanA saba kucha kho detA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ne kyA karUMgA? pApa ke pAsa rakha da aura lauTate sattA aura sampatti ke sthAna para sadA tyAga, tapasyA vakta le luuNgaa| maiM abhI-abhI mAtA huuN| aura saMyama ko mahatva diyA hai| isa mahatva ko samyag rUpa se samajha kara mahAvIra ke mUlabhUta saMnyAsI ne bahuta dera taka usakI pratIkSA kI siddhAntoM para bala diyA jAe aura tadanurUpa prAcAraNa kintu brAhmaNa to phira loTA hI nhiiN| use loTanA kiyA jAe-yahI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prati saccI bhI nahIM thaa| sanyAsI aba talavAra ko kahAM zraddhAMjali ho skegii| jaina dharma syAdvAdo vartate yasmin pakSapAto na vidyate / nAstyanyapIr3ana kiJcit jainadharmaH sa ucyate // jisameM syAdvAda hai, kisI ke prati bhI kisI prakAra kA koI pakSapAta nahIM hai, jisameM anya prANiyoM ko kisI bhI prakAra kI koI pIr3A nahIM pahu~cAI jAtI, vaha jaina dharma kahalAtA hai /

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AcArAMga meM mahAvIra kI sAdhanA kA vizad na milatA hai / usake anusAra mahAvIra ne dIkSA lI, usa samaya unake zarIra para eka hI vastra thA / lagabhaga teraha mAsa taka unhoMne usa vastra ko kaMdhoM para rkhaa| dUsare varSa jaba prAdhI zaradaRtu bIta cukI, taba ve usa vastra ko tyAga sampUrNa acelaka anagAra ho ge| zIta se trasita hokara ve bAhuyoM ko sameTate na the, apitu yathAvat hAtha phailAye vihAra karate the / zizira Rtu meM pavana jora se phuphakAra mAratA, kar3akar3AtI sardI hotI taba idhara sAdhu usase bacane ke lie kisI garma sthAna kI khoja karate, vastra lapeTate aura tApasa lakar3iyAM jalAkara zIta dUra karane kA prayatna karate; parantu mahAvIra khule sthAna meM naMge badana rahate aura apane bacAva kI icchA bhI nahIM krte| vahAM para sthira hokara dhyAna karate / naMge badana hone ke kAraNa sardI-garmI ke hI nahIM, para daMza-mazaka tathA anya komala-kaThora sparza ke aneka kaSTa va jhelate the / bhagavAna mahAvIra kI kaivalya-sAdhanA - aNuvrata parAmarzaka muni zrI nagarAjajI DI0 liT mahAvIra apane nivAsa ke lie kabhI nirjana jhopar3iyoM ko cunate, kabhI dharmazAlAnoM ko, kabhI prapA ko, kabhI hATa ko, kabhI luhAra kI zAlA ko, kabhI mAliyoM gharoM ko, kabhI zahara ko, kabhI zmazAna ko, kabhI sUne gharoM ko kabhI vRkSa kI chAyA ko to kabhI ghAsa kI gaMjiyoM ke samIpavartI sthAna ko / ina sthAnoM meM rahate hue unheM nAnA upasargoM se jUjhanA hotA thA / sarpa Adi viSaile jantu aura gIdha Adi pakSI unheM kATa khAte the / uddaNDa manuSya unheM nAnA yAtanAeM dete the, gAMva ke rakhavAle hathiyAroM se unheM pITate the aura viSayAtura striyAM kAmabhoga ke lie unheM satAtI thiiN| manuSya bhaura tiryaJcoM ke dAruNa upasargoM aura karkaza - kaThora zabdoM ke aneka upasagaM unake samakSa Aye dina prastuta hote rahate the / jAra puruSa unheM nirjana sthAnoM meM dekha cir3hate, pITate aura kabhI-kabhI unakA atyadhika tiraskAra kara cale jAne ko kahate mArane-pITane para bhI ve apanI samAdhi meM lIna rahate aura cale jAne kA kahane para tatkAla pratyatra cale jAte / AhAra ke niyama bhI mahAvIra ke bar3e kaThina the / nIroga hote hue bhI ve mitAhArI the / mAnApa mAna meM samabhAva rakhate hue ghara-ghara bhikSAvarI karate the / kabhI dInabhAva nahIM dikhAte the / raso meM unheM prAsakti na thI aura na ve kabhI rasayukta padArtho kI AkAMkSA hI karate the / bhikSA meM rUkhA sUkhA, ThaNDA,

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1-6 bAsI, ur3ada, sUkhe bhAta, maMthu, yavAdi nIrasa dhAnya kA jo bhI prahAra milatA, use ve zAnta bhAva se aura santoSapUrvaka grahaNa karate the / eka bAra niraMtara pATha mahInoM taka ve inhIM cIjoM para rahe / na milane para bhI ve dIna nahIM hote the / pakhavAr3e taka, mAsa taka prora chaH cha0 mAsa taka jala nahIM pIte the / upabAsa meM bhI vihAra karate the / ThaNDA vAsI prahAra bhI ve tIna-tIna, cAra-cAra, pAMca-pAMca dina ke antara se karate the / nirantara nahIM karate the / svAdajaya unakA mukhya lakSya thA / bhikSA ke lie jAte samaya mArga meM kabUtara Adi pakSI dhAna cugate hue dikhAI dete to ve dUra se hI Talakara cale jAte / una jIvoM ke lie ve vighnarUpa na hote / yadi kisI ghara meM brAhmaraNa, zramaNa, bhikhArI, zratithi, caNDAla, billI yA kuttA zrAdi ko kucha pAne kI AzA meM yA yAcanA karate hue ve vahAM dekhate, to unakI AjIvikA meM bAdhA na pahuMce, isa abhiprAya se ve dUra se hI cale jaate| kisI ke mana meM dveSa-bhAva utpanna hone kA ve avasara hI nahIM mAne dete / zarIra ke prati mahAvIra kI nirIhatA bar3I romAJcaka thI / roga utpanna hone para bhI ve bhauSadha sevana nahIM karate the / virecana, vamana, tela-mardana, snAna aura danta-prakSAlana nahIM karate the / zrArAma ke lie paira nahIM dabAte the / zrokhoM meM kirakirI gira jAtI to use bhI ve nahIM nikaalte| aisI pari sthiti meM prAMkha ko bhI ve nahIM khujalAte / zarIra meM khAja prAtI, to usa para bhI vijaya pAne kA prayatna karate / mahAvIra kabhI nIMda nahIM lete the / jaba kabhI nIMda adhika satAtI, ve zIta meM muhUrtabhara caMkramaNa kara nidrA dUra karate / ve pratikSaNa jAgRta raha dhyAna va kAyotsarga meM hI lIna rahate / vasati vAsa meM mahAvIra na gItoM meM zrAsakta hote the aura na nRtya va nATakoM meM; na unheM daNDa- yuddha meM utsukatA thI aura na unheM muSTi-yuddha meM / striyoM va strI-puruSoM ko paraspara kAma kathA meM lIna dekhakara bhI ve mohAdhIna nahIM hote the / vItarAga-bhAva kI rakSA karate hue ve indriyoM ke viSayoM meM virakta rahate the / utkaTuka, godohikA, bIrAsana, prabhRti aneka prAsanoM dvArA mahAvIra nirvikAra dhyAna karate the / zIta meM ve chAyA meM baiThakara dhyAna karate aura grISma meM utkaTuka Adi kaThora prAsanoM ke mAdhyama se cilacilAtI dhUpa meM dhyAna karate / kitanI hI bAra jaba ve gRhasthoM kI bastI meM Thaharate, to rUpavatI striyAM, unake zArIrika saundarya para mugdha ho, unheM viSayArtha zrAmantrita krtiiN| aise avasara para bhI mahAvIra prAMkha uThAkara unakI ora nahIM dekhate the aura antarmukha rahate the / gRhasthoM ke sAtha kisI prakAra kA saMsarga nahIM rakhate the / dhyAnAvasthA meM kucha pUchane para ve uttara nahIM dete the / ve zrabahuvAdI the arthAt alpabhASI jIvana jIte the| sahe na jA sakeM, aise kaTu vyaMgyoM ko sunakara bhI zAnta aura mauna rhte| koI unakI stuti karatA aura koI unheM daNDa se tarjita karatA yA bAloM ko khIMcatA thA unheM nacAtA, ve donoM hI pravRttiyoM meM samacita rahate the / mahAvIra isa prakAra nirvikAra, kaSAyarahita, mUrchA - rahita, nirmala dhyAna aura prAtmacintana meM hI apanA samaya biThAte / calate samaya mahAvIra Age kI puruSa pramANa bhUmi para dRSTi DAlate hue calate / idhara udhara bA pIche kI ora ve nahIM jhA~kate / kevala sammukhIna mArga para hI dRSTi DAle sAvadhAnI pUrvaka calate the| rAste meM unase koI bolanA cAhatA, to ve nahIM bolate the / mahAvIra dIkSita hue, taba unake zarIra para nAnA prakAra ke sugandhita dravyoM kA vilepana kiyA huA thaa| cAra mAsa se bhI adhika bhramara prAdi jantu unake zarIra para maMDarAte rahe, unake mAMsa ko nocate rahe aura rakta ko pIte rahe / mahAvIra ne titikSA bhAva kI parAkASThA kara dii| una jantunoM ko mAranA to dUra, unheM haTAne kI bhI ve icchA nahIM karate the /

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mahAvIra ne durga- lAr3ha deza kI vajrabhUmi aura zubhra bhUmi donoM meM bihAra kiyA / vahAM unheM aneka vipadAe~ jhelanI pdd'ii| vahAM ke loga unheM pITate, vahA~ unheM khAne ko rUkhA-sUkhA mAhAra milatA / Thaharane ke lie sthAna bhI kaThinatA se milatA aura vaha bhI sAdhAraNa / bahuta bAra cAroM ora se unheM kutte ghera lete aura kaSTa dete / aise avasaroM para unakI rakSA karane vAle birale hI milate / zradhikAMza to unhIM ko yAtanA dete aura unake pIche kutte lagA dete| aise vikaTa vihAra meM bhI itara sAdhunoM kI taraha ve daNDa pradi kA prayoga nahIM karate / duSTa logoM ke durvacanoM ko ve bahuta hI kSamA-bhAva se sahana karate / kabhI-kabhI aisA bhI hotA ki bhaTakate rahane para bhI ve gAMva ke nikaTa nahIM pahu~ca pAte / jyoM-tyoM grAma ke nikaTa pahuMcate, anArya loga unheM trAsa dete maura tiraskAra pUrvaka kahate - " tU yahAM se calA jA / " kitanI hI bAra isa deza ke logoM ne lakar3iyoM, muTTiyoM, bhAle kI aNiyoM, patthara yA haDDiyoM ke khapparoM se pITa-pITakara unake zarIra meM 1-7 ghAva kara diye / jaba ve dhyAna meM hote, to duSTa loga unake mAMsa ko nocalete, una para dhUla barasAte, unheM UMcA uThAkara nIce girA dete, unheM prAsana para se nIce Dhakela dete / mahAvIra kI nirjala mora nirAhAra tapasyAnoM kA prAmANika vyorA bhI aneka paramparA-granthoM meM milatA hai / eka bAra unhoMne chaH mahIne kA nirjala aura nirAhAra tapa kiyA, eka bAra pAMca mahIne aura paccIsa dina kA, nau bAra cAra-cAra mahInoM kA, do bAra tIna-tIna mahInoM kA, do bAra DhAIDhAI mahInoM kA, chaH bAra do-do mahInoM kA, do bAra Der3ha-DeDha mahInoM kA, bAraha bAra eka mahIne kA bahattara bAra pakhavAr3e kA, bAraha bAra tIna-tIna dina kA, do sau unatIsa bAra do do dina kA aura ekaeka bAra bhadra, mahA-bhadra, sarvato bhadra pratimA kA tapa kiyaa| kula milAkara kahA jA sakatA hai, bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane akevalI jIvana ke 4515 dinoM meM kevala tIna sau paccAsa dina anna va pAnI grahaNa kiyaa| 4165 dina to tapa meM bIte / manya saba tIrthaMkaroM kI apekSA mahAvIra ke tapa ko umra batAyA gayA hai / AtmA appA kAmaduhA gheNu appA meM nandaNaM varaNaM / yaha zrAtmA hI kAmadhenu hai aura yaha prAtmA hI nandanavana ( svarga ke devatAoM kA krIr3A sthala ) hai /

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vIra vaMdanA -DA0 zobhanAtha pAThaka, meghanagara ji0 jhAbuA (ma. pra.) vIra vaMdanA varIyatA anaMta hai / vIra vrata se hI gamaka rahA digaMta hai| satya-zIla-brahmacarya pUrNa sAdhanA / sRSTi se saMvara kI apUrva bhaavnaa| zAMtidUta trizalA suta kI mhaantaa| vizva ke vihAna meM prakAza ddaaltaa| thAtI yuga bodha kI detA hI saMta hai| vIra vaMdanA varIyatA anaMta hai / bhaTake jana ko ubAratA hI dharma hai| jaga kA kalyANa hI mahAna karma hai| trividha tApa mukti mahAvIra maMtra hai| apanAne meM jise jagata svataMtra hai / sanmati sandeza kA kahIM na aMta hai| vIra vrata se hI gamaka rahA digaMta hai|

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jhaNDAbhivAdana gatavarSa 13 navambara 1674 ko mahAvIra nirvANotsava para zrI rAjarUpa TAMka kAryavAhaka adhyakSa 2500 vIM mahAvIra nirvANotsava samiti jhaNDArohaNa karate hue /

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jaina paramparA hama do sattAoM ke bIca meM apanA jIvana eka sAtha nahIM hotii| hama cintana karate haiM taba bhI calA rahe haiM - eka pratyakSa sattA hai aura dusarI zarIra hotA hai / cintana nahI karate haiM taba bhI parokSa sattA / parokSa sattA prAtmA kI hai aura zarIra hotA hai| zarIra kA honA aura usakA pratyakSa sattA mana kI hai| parokSa sattA taka pahu~cane sacetana yA sakriya honA-ye do bAteM haiM / jaba meM hameM bar3I kaThinAI hai, aneka bAdhAeM haiM aura ve caitanya yA prANa kI dhArA zarIra se jur3atI hai taba bAdhAeM pratyakSa sattA ke dvArA upasthita kI jA rahI zarIra sakriya ho jAtA hai / vaha caitanya kI dhArA haiN| mana kA jagat aisA hai ki jaba hama usameM ulajha jAte haiM to parokSa sattA taka pahuMcane kA mArga banda ho jAtA haiN| kintu parokSa sattA bahuta zaktizAlI hai| vaha apane pahaMca ke mArga ko sadA ke lie banda nahIM hone detii| .. hama AtmA ko nahIM dekhte| hamArI indriyAM usa amUrta sattA ko nahIM dekha pAtIM / vaha svayaM dhyAna vAhya jagat meM apane ko pragaTa karatI haiM / usake -muni zrI nathamala pragaTa hone ke cAra mAdhyama haiM-zarIra, vANI, zvAsa aura mana / prAtmA kI anupasthiti meM zarIra spaMdita nahIM hotA aura mana gatizIla nahIM banatA jaba vANI ke yantra se jur3atI hai taba vAsphUrta ho ye cAroM prAtmA se prANa pAkara hI apanA kAma jAtI hai aura vaha caitanya kI dhArA jaba mana ke karate haiN| ye dvAra banate haiM, khir3akiyAM banate haiM yantra ke sAtha jur3atI haiM taba mana gatizIla ho jAtA aura inameM se jo jhAMkatA hai vaha prAtmA hai| hai| tInoM eka sAtha sakriya nahIM hote| jaise zarIra eka yantra hai, vaise hI mana bho eka yantra hai / jaise zarIra acetana hai, vaise hI mana bhI mana kahAM hai-isa sambandha meM tIna vicArapracetana hai / zarIra, vANI, zvAsa aura mana ye dhArAe hamAre sAmane haiMsaba acetana haiN| prAtmA meM se eka caitanya kI dhArA 1. kucha mAnate haiM ki mana samUce zarIra meM nikalatI haiM, vaha paramANuSoM ke sAtha milakara prANa vyApta hai / kI dhArA ho jAtI hai| vaha dhArA jisake sAtha mAnate haiM ki mana kA sthAna hRdaya ke jur3atI hai / vahI sacetana ho jAtA hai, sakriya ho nIce hai / kucha loga mAnate haiM ki hRdaya-kamala ke jAtA hai / jaina darzana kA siddhAMta hai ki eka kSaNa bIca meM mana hai / hRdaya-kamala kI pATha paMkhuDiyAM meM eka hI kriyA hotI hai / mana kI kriyA hotI hai haiM, vahAM mana haiM / kucha yogAcAryoM kA mata hai ki taba vacana kI nahIM hotI aura jaba vacana kI hotI bAeM phephar3e meM jahAM hRdaya hai, usake eka iMca nIce hai taba zarIra kI nahIM hotii| ina tInoM kI kriyA mana kA sthAna hai|

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1-10 3. vartamAna zarIra zAstra kA abhimata hai ki aura na sthira / jaisA upAdAna hotA hai vaisA hI mana kA sthAna mastiSka hai| vaha nirmita ho jAtA hai / cetanA atIta kAlIna ____ maiM socatA hUM ki ye sArI sApekSatAeM haiN| vibhinna saMskAroM se prabhAvita hotI hai| usakI yadi hama kaheM ki mana samUce zarIra meM vyApta hai to nirmala dhArA mAtI hai aura mana ke sAtha yoga yaha sApekSa hI hogaa| hamAre snAyu-saMsthAna meM karatI hai to mana nimaMla banatA hai, rAga-dveSa rahita jitane bhI grAhaka snAyu haiM, jo bAhya viSayoM ko banatA hai / cetanA ke sAtha mala mAtA hai, Asakti grahaNa va rate haiM, unakA jAla samUce zarIra meM phailA pAtI hai, prajJAna prAtA hai, rAga-dveSa pAtA hai to huprA hai / ve zarIra ke saba bhAgoM se grahaNa karate haiN| mana kA svarUpa dUsarA ho jAtA hai| nirmala cetanA isa prakAra mana kA zAsana sarvatra vyApta hai / rAjA kA yoga bhI mana meM sakriyatA lAtA hai aura malina apanI rAjadhAnI meM baiThA hai / koI pUche ki rAjA cetanA kA yoga bhI usameM sakriyatA lAtA hai / kahA~ haiM to kahA jA sakatA hai ki jahAM taka rAjya sakriyatA donoM ora se AtI hai| kintu mana ko kI sImA hai vahAM taka rAjA hai / vaha bhale rAja- sthiti meM antara pA jAtA hai| usakA pravAha do dhAnI meM ho, kintu usakA zAsana sAre rAjya kI dizAoM meM vibhakta ho jAtA hai| rAga-dveSa rahita sImA meM calatA hai to rAjA sarvatra vyApta hai| cetanA kA yoga hone para mana hotA hai para prAsakti 'mana hRdaya ke nIce hai'- yaha bhI sApekSa hai| nahIM hotii| rAga-dveSa yukta cetanA kA pravAha suSumNA kI eka dhArA hRdaya ko chUtI huI jAtI prAtA hai taba mana bhI hotA hai aura prAsakti bhI hai / usakA hRdaya ke sAtha samparka hai isaliye hRdaya hotI hai, yahI caMcalatA hai / isakI atirikta mAtrA ko mana kA kendra mAnanA bar3e mahatva kI bAta hai| yA punarAvartana hI prazAMti hai| vaha bhAvapakSa kA mukhya sthAna hai| mana kI tIna avasthAeM niSpanna hotI haiMmana kA sthAna mastiSka hai, yaha bahuta spaSTa rAga dveSa yukta mana, rAga-dveSa zUnya mana, mora hai / jJAnatantumoM kA saMcAlana usI se hotA hai| amana (mAnasika vikalpa kA nirodha) vaha una para niyantraNa aura niyamana karatA hai| dhyAna kI bhUmikA meM hameM sabase pahale isa para __mana ke svarUpa ko jAnanA isalie Avazyaka vicAra karanA hotA hai ki kisa prakAra kI cetanA hai ki vaha hamArI sAdhanA kA mukhya prAdhAra hai / ko usake sAtha jor3eM aura jor3eM to kisa rUpa meM usI ke AdhAra para dhyAna karanA hai, upalabdhiyoM jor3eM, aura kucha kSaNa aise bitAe ki mana ke tathA anupalabdhiyoM kA lekhA jokhA karanA hai| sAtha cetanA ko jor3e hI nhiiN| jaba hama cetanA mana ke sAtha cetanA kA yoga na ho to dhyAna kI ko mana ke sAtha jor3ate hI nahIM taba cetanA alaga koI prAvazyakatA hI nhiiN| phira hama svayaM siddha hotI hai aura mana alaga / jaba hama iMjana meM Idhana bana jAte haiN| 'cetanA mana ke sAtha jur3I hI nahIM- DAlate hI nahIM taba iMjana kaise calegA ? moTara isakA artha hai ki mana sakriya hotA hI nhiiN| usa kAra tabhI calatI hai jaba usake iMjana meM Idhana DAlA sthiti meM koI vikalpa nahIM hotA, saMkalpa nahIM jAtA hai| vAyuyAna tabhI calatA hai jaba usake hotA, cintA nahIM hotI / mana kA yantra mRtavat iMjana meM Idhana DAlA jAtA hai / jaba Idhana nahIM DAlA par3A rahatA hai| yaha dhyAna kI bhUmikA hai / yaha jAegA taba unameM gati nahIM hogI / yantra hogA zuddha upayoga kI bhUmikA hai| mana kA svarUpa para sakriyatA nahIM hogii| yaha dhyAna kI sabase cetanA kI dhArA se nirmita hotA hai| vaha apane acchI sthiti hai / kintu vyavahAra meM jIne vAloM Apa meM na kaluSita hai aura na nirmala , na caMcala hai ke lie yaha mAnya nahIM hotA / ve nahIM cAhate ki

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1-11 ghara meM moTarakAra khar3I hai aura khar3I hI rahe, kabhI viruddha antaHkaraNa kI vRtti eka prAlaMvana para kAma meM na pAe / ve usakA upayoga karanA cAhate avasthita ho jAtI hai| unake anusAra vyagra cetanA haiM / vyavahAra kI bhUmikA meM jIne vAle yaha pasanda jJAna hotI hai, vahI sthira hokara zAna ho nahIM karate ki hamAre mana kA yantra nikammA par3A jAtI hai / rahe / ve use sakriya karane ke lie cetanA kA kyA prANa aura apAna kA nigraha dhyAna hai ? upayoga karate haiM / mana kA nirmANa hI na ho, yaha nahIM hai / prANa aura apAna ke nigraha se pracura dhyAna kA prAdi bindu nahIM hai, usakI agrima vedanA utpanna hotI hai| usase zarIrapAta kA prasaMga bhUmikA hai| usakA prAdi-bindu hai-mana ke sAtha AtA hai| isalie dhyAna-kAla meM prANa aura jur3ane vAlI cetanA kA viveka karanA / mana ke sAtha apAna ko maMda karanA caahie| dhyAna kA samaya cetanA jur3e, para rAga-dveSa yukta cetanA na jur3e / antarmuhUrta hai / eka prAlaMbana para itane samaya taka prANa kI dhArA mana ko sakriya banAe para usake ekAgra rahanA paryApta hai / isake bAda mAlambana sAtha mAkAMkSA na pAe, pramAda na pAe aura kaSAya badala jAtA hai / haThapUrvaka eka hI pAlambana para na pAe / jaba rAga-dveSa, AkAMkSA, pramAda aura cetanA ko sthApita karane kA prayatna indriya ke kaSAya ke daravAje banda kara dete haiM to phira jo upaghAta kA hetu bana sakatA hai / caitanya AtA hai vaha mana ko sakriya banAtA hai, dhyAna meM zvAsa aura kAla prAdi kI mAtrA caMcala bhI karata hai, kintu usa cacala1 me mana kI gaNanA nahIM karanI caahie| aisA karane para kA zoka nahIM hotA, mana kI prazAMti nahIM hotii| cetanA vyagra ho jAtI hai isalie dhyAna nahIM phira caMcalatA hamArA koI aniSTa nahI kara hotA / paatii| AcArya rAmasena ke anusAra eka mAlambana umAsvAti ke anusAra eka pAlambA ra para antaHkaraNa kI vRtti kA nirodha dhyAna hai| antaHkaraNa kI vRtti kA nirodha karanA dhyAna hai 1 usI prakAra cintana rahita kevala sva-saMvedana bhI dhyA haianAsakta cetanA, apramatta cetanA aura vItarAga abhAvo vA nirodha. syAt, sa ca cintAntaragyayaH / cetanA sahaja haNana hai| isake viparIta, asakta e cintAtmako yadvA svasaMviccintayojjhitA / / cetanA, pramatta cetanA aura rAga-dveSa cetana mana kI jaina prAcArya dhyAna ko prabhAvAtmaka nahIM caMcala avasthA nirmita karatI hai / usa samaya zoka mAnate / isake lie kisI na kisI eka paryAya kA bar3hatA hai, azAMti bar3hatI hai, krodha bar3hatA hai, pravacanA mAlambana aAvazyaka hai / sva-saMvedana dhyAna ko aura lobha bar3hAtA hai / isa sthiti meM dhyAna kI nigalambana-dhyAna kahA jAtA hai kintu yaha sApekSa yogyatA prApta nahIM hotii| zabda hai / usameM kisI zruta ke paryApya kA pAlaMbana dhyAna kI paribhASA nahIM hotA isa dRSTi se vaha nirAlambana hai / jinabhadra ke anusAra sthira cetanA dhyAna aura nirAlambana dhyAna meM dhyAtA aura dhyeya bhinna nahIM cala cetanA citta kahalAte haiM : hote / usameM zuddha cetanA kA upayoga hI hotA hai / thiramajbhavasaNaM taM bhANaM,jaM calaM tayaM citt| usake sivAya kisI dhyeya kA dhyAna nahIM hotA / prAcArya prakalaMka ne batAyA hai-- 'jaise zirvAta sAlambana dhyAna meM dhyeya aura dhyAna kA bheda hotA pradeza meM prajvalita pradIpazikhA prakaMpita nahIM hotI hai / jaina sAdhakoM kA anubhava hai ki prArambha meM vaise hI nirAkUla pradeza meM apane viziSTa vIrya se sAlambana dhyAna kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| usake

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1-12 dvArA ekApatA puSTa ho jAe rAga-dveSa kA bhAva ahaMta kA dhyAna puruSAkAra prAtmA ke rUpa meM maMda ho jAe taba nirAlambana dhyAna AtmA ke zuddha karanA caahie| aisA karane vAlA pUrvakarma kI svarUpa kA dhyAna karanA cAhie / sAlaMbana dhyAna nirjarA karatA hai / vartamAna kSaraNa meM rAga-dveSa rahita nirAlambana dhyAna taka pahuMcane ke lie hai / yaha hone ke kAraNa karma kA baMdha nahIM krtaa| tathya vismRta nahIM honA cAhie / dazavakAlika sUtra meM batAyA hai ki AtmA se dhyAna sUtra mAtmA ko dekheN| dhyAna-kAla meM cintana aura prAcArya kundakunda ne likhA hai --prAtmA-jJAna, darzana-donoM ho sakate hai kintu cintanAtmaka dhyAna darzana aura cAritra saMyukta hotA hai, isalie usa ___ kI apekSA darzanAtmaka dhyAna adhika mahatvapUrNa hai / mAtmA kA dhyAna karanA caahie| prAcArya hemacanda ne likhA hai ki jaba taka ___ isa sUtra meM prAtmA ke dhyAna kI bAta kahI gaI thor3A bhI prayatna hai, saMkalpa kI kalpanA hai, taba taka hai / sAdhanA kI dRSTi se prAtmA ke tIna prakAra kie laya kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| laya kI prApti jAte haiM--bahirAtmA, antarAtmA mora prmaatmaa| ke lie sukhAsana meM baiThe samUce zarIra ko zithila indriya-samUha bahirAtmA hai / prAtmA kA anubhavAtmaka kro| citta kI vRtti ko roko mata / kamanIya saMkalpa-zarIra aura indriya se bhinna hai jo jJAtA hai rUpa dekhate hue bhI, madhura zabdoM ko sunate hue bhI, vaha "maiM "--isa prakAra kA saMvedanAtmaka saMkalpa sugaMdhita dravyoM ko sUghate hue bhI sarasa rasa kA antarAtmA hai / kama-mukta AtmA paramAtmA hai| prAsvAdana lete hue bhI, mRdu spoM kA anubhava karate ina tInoM meM paramAtmA dhyeya hai| antaraAtmA hue bhI, cittavRttiyoM ko na rokate hue bhI rAga-dveSa ke dvArA bahirAtmA ko chor3anA hai / paramAtmA kA rahita kSaNa kA anubhava karane vAlA unmanI bhAva dhyAna karane se AtmA svayaM paramAtmarUpa banatA hai| ko prApta ho jAtA hai / isalie zuddha AtmA kA dhyAna karanA caahie| ye dhyAnasUtra Aveza zUnya kSaNa kA anumava zuddha cetanA kA anubhava zuddhatA lAtA hai / aura karane ke sUtra haiM / inake anubhava dvArA pUrvAjita azuddha cetanA kA anubhava azuddhatA lAtA hai| karma kSINa hote haiM aura gae karma kA baMdha rukatA hai jo dravyatva, guNatva aura paryAyatva kI dRSTi se dhyAna dvArA mAnasika zAMti aura zArIrika vedanA prahana ko jAnatA hai. vaha apanI AtmA ko jAnatA kI upazAMti hotI hai / aihika aura pAralaulika hai| nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se ahaMta aura apanI koI bhI aisA phala nahIM jo dhyAna dvArA prApta na prAtmA ke svarUpa meM koI antara nahIM hai| grAhat kA ho sake / para dhyAna kA prayoga kevala bItarAgatA kI dhyAna karane se moha vilIna hotA hai / siddhi ke lie honA caahie| 1. tattvArtha sUtra 9127. 2. dhyAnazataka, 21. 3. mokSa pAhar3a 64. 4. mokSapAhur3a, 84 5. samayasAra, 86 suddha tu viyAeMto suddha cevappayaM lahadi jiivo| jANato duH asuddha'asuddha mevappayaM lahai / / 6. pranacanasAra, 80, ko jANadi prarahataM, davyattaguNata pajjayattehiM / so jANadi appANaM, moho khalu jAdi tassa layaM / / 7. mokSapAhur3a, 84, 8. yogazAstra 12122-24

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mahAvIra kA prAtmavAda aura sukhavAdI paramparA ---muni zrI gulAba candra nArmohI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-puDho chandA iha paramAtmA meM bhI vizvAsa kaise kara sakatA hai ? mANavA, puDho dukhaM pavehaye -'saMsAra meM pRthak- kyoMki adhyAtma-sAdhanA kA prathama sopAna prAtmatatva pRthak vicAra vAle vyakti haiM evaM unake abhiprAya / kA svIkaraNa hai| jise yaha bhI patA nahIM ki maiM aura saMvedanAeM bhI bhinna-bhinna haiN|' vicAra svA- kauna hUM aura merA svarUpa kyA hai, vaha sAdhanA-kSetra taMtraya kA itihAsa bahuta prAcIna hai| yaha Avazyaka meM gati risa prakAra kara sakegA ? mahAvIra ne isa nahIM ki eka hI vicAra se prabhAvita hoM / pUrva aura sandarbha meM kahA---'iha megesiMgo saNNA bhavai ke pazcima kI darzana paramparA bhI isI AdhAra para ahaM pAsI ke vA igro cutro iha pecca bhavissAmi / ' khar3I huI / prAtmavAda aura anAtmavAda kA itihAsa sAhitya kI bhASA meM unhoMne isI tathya ko isa bhI kucha aisA hI hai| kucha dArzanika AtmA kA prakAra prakaTa kiyA -- astitva to svIkAra karate haiM, kintu usake svarUpa 'jamsa naci purA pacchA majjhe tassa ko meM unakA matabheda hai| prAtmA ko mAnate hue bhI siyA'--jisake pUrva aura paz vA nahIM hai, usake sAMkhya darzana use kartA nahIM maantaa| vaha prakRti kA madhya bhI kama hogA ? kintu sarvocchedavAdI prAtmA kartA mAnatA hai / isa sambandha meM usane kahA hai - aura usakI samasta paryAyoM se imara karate haiN| pramUrtazcetano bhogI nityaH sarvagato'kriyaH / anAtmavAdI sthUlagrAhI hote haiN| ve kahate haiM ki pada-tala se kazAgra taka prAtmA hai| vahI jIva akartA nirguNaH sUkSma prAtmA kapiladarzane // hai| usake atirikta AtmA nAma kA koI svataMtra vaha AtmA ke bhogI rUpa ko to svIkAra tatva nahIM haiN| dehAtmavAdiyoM ke anusAra bhavakaratA hai kintu kartA rUpa ko nhiiN| jaina darzana paramparA saMbhava nahIM hai| ise spaSTa karate hue ve prAtmA ko kartA aura bhoktA donoM rUpa se svIkAra kahate haiM ki bIja se vRkSa kI utpati hotI hai, karatA hai| kintu jaba bIja hI jala gayA to akura kaise phUTegA? kucha dArzanika sarvocchedavAdI hote haiN| ve isI prakAra agale janma kA bIja zarIra hai| java mAtmA ke guNa, dharmoM meM se eka ko bhI svIkAra zarIra hI jala gayA to punarjanma kaise saMbhava hai ? nahIM karate / jise prAtmatatva meM vizvAsa nahIM, vaha deha ko bIja mAnane vAle kucha dArzanika aisA

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1-14 . bhI mAnate haiM ki puruSa mara kara puruSa hotA haiM aura ko hI jIvana kA parama puruSArtha maanaa| ipIkyUrasa strI mara kara strI hotI hai| jaisA bIja hotA hai, ke vicAra unase kucha bhinna the / sukhI banane ke lie vaisI hI usakI phala-pariNati hotI hai / pAMcave unhoMne prAtyantika sukhavAda ko prazraya nahIM diyaa| gaNadhara surmA svAmI mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSita hone apanI bhautika sukha-pradhAna dRSTi ke sAtha unhoMne se pUrva isI siddhAnta meM vizvAsa rakhate the| mahAvIra viveka aura gambhIra cintana ko prAvazyaka smjhaa| ne unakA samAdhAna karate hue kahA-'sthUla deha Adhunika kAla ke sukhavAda ke prasAraka jerohavI bIja nahIM hai / AtmA kA zubha-azubha adhyavasAya banthama aura jAnasTuarTamila mAne jAte haiM / ye donoM hI bIja hai| isI ke anurUpa usakI bhAvIphala- jthe| inakI bhI sakhavATa ke poLe vadI parva pariNati hotI hai|' mAnyatA thI, jo arasTIpasa aura ipIkyUrasa kI anAtmavAdo vicAra dhArA naI nahIM hai| saMyama thii| phira bhI inhoMne svArtha sukhavAda ke sAtha sAtha paura sthiti kI bhinnatA ke sAtha usakI nirupaNA parArtha sukhavAda para bhI vizeSa bala diyaa| bainthama meM bhI bhinnatA aaii| pazcima meM nItizAstra kA aura mila ne kramazaH apanI 'prisipalsa Apha svatantra vikAsa hupaa| sukhavAda pAzcAtya nIti- lejislezana' aura 'yuTiliTeriyanijma' nAmaka zAstra kA eka pramukha siddhAnta hai| ise aMgrejI pastakoM meM apane vicAroM ko baDI sakSamatA se pratimeM "hiDonijma' ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai| isakA pAdita kiyA hai| parArtha sukhavAda ke rUpa meM inakA mUla AdhAra manovijJAna kA vaha siddhAnta hai, jisake siddhAnta upayogitAvAda ke nAma se prasiddha humA / anusAra manuSya kI pratyeka pravRtti kA hetu sukha hI kintu arasTIpasa se lekara Aja taka naitika sukhhai| sUkha aura usakA aMjI paryAyavAcI zabda vAda kA prAdhAra manovaijJAnika sakhavAda hI rahA hai| 'haipInesa' eka hI artha ko vibhinna apekSAmoM se bandhama aura mila dvArA dI gayI yaktiyoM meM usI prakaTa karate haiM / kintu yahAM sukha kA artha kevala kI pradhAnatA hai| unhoMne likhA hai -'pratyeka vyakti indriyo se paidA aura prApta hone vAlI abhISTa sukha cAhatA hai| ataH sukha cAhane yogya vastu hai / saMvedanAoM se hai| sukhavAdI nIti-zAstrajJa naitikatA adhika sukha kI prApti hI naitika AcaraNa kA kA mApadaNDa sukha hI mAnate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM prAdarza honA caahie|' vahI kArya adhika naitika hai jisameM sUkha kI saMvedanA itihAsa ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki adhika utpanna hotI haiN| sukhavAda kA janma eka yuga-prati kriyA ke rUpa meM , pazcAtya nItizAstra meM sukhavAda kA prArambha humaa| kintu prAge calakara vaha jIvana kA zAzvata yUnAna ke prasiddha vicAraka arasTopasa aura ibIkyU rasa siddhAnta bana gyaa| yuga ke bar3e bar3e vicArakoM ke dvArA mAnA jAtA hai / ve jar3avAdI the ! saMsAra meM sAmane bainthama mila ke vicAra pratidhva nita hone AtmA jaisI koI vastu nahIM hai, zarIra ke naSTa hone lage / cAhe usakI maryAdA vyakti, samAja yA rASTra ke pazcAt kucha bhI nahIM bacA rahatA, isI pUrva koI bhI banA ho / mAnyatA ke prAdhAra para unhoMne sukhavAda kA vikAsa sukhavAda yA dehAtmavAda kA maniyamita prasAra kiyA / yUropa ke purAne sukhavAdI vicAraka zerenika vyakti ko jIvana ke mUlabhUta Adarza se bhaTakAne mAne jAte haiN| ve arasTopasa ke anuyAyI the| vAlA hai| vyakti bhautika sukha cAhatA hai kintu parasTIsa kaTTara sukhavAdI the| unake vicAra ThIka isase sukhavAda naitika prAdarza nahIM bana sakatA / vaise hI the jaise ki bhArata ke prAcIna sAhitya meM vAsanA AtmA kA vibhAva tatva hai, svabhAva nhiiN| cAvIka mata ke milate haiN| parasTopasa ne sukhavAda yadi vAsanA kI tRpti meM hI prAnanda hotA to

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1-16 manuSyoM kI apekSA pazu adhika sukhI hote, kintu vAsanA zarIra kI bhUkha hai| jisane antaHkaraNa kI satya yaha hai ki manuSya kA Ananda usakI AtmA meM AvAja ko pahacAnA hai, vahI bAhya se haTakara nihita hai na ki deha meM / manuSya kA dhyAna yadi antarmukhatA kI aura gati kara sakatA hai| kevala zarIra kI prasannatA kI prApti ke upAyoM meM hI daihika prAkarSaNa mAnava ko mUr3ha banAtA hai kintu lagA rahegA, to vaha saMsAra meM rahane ke ayogya ho moha kA pardA dUra hote hI vaha pazcAtApa karane jAegA / jIvana kI kutsAnoM ko lekara bar3hane vAlA lagatA hai / harigiri ahaMtarSi ne isa tathya ko apane Adarza kabhI naitika nahIM ho sakatA / naitika prAdarza zabdoM meM isa prakAra prakaTa kiyAniyAmaka vijJAna hai| manuSya meM jaise kAmanA hai, caMcalaM suhamAdAya, mattA mohammi mAraNavA / vaise saMyama va niyantraNa bhI hai| usakI vizeSatA prAiccarassi tattaM vA, macchA jhijjaMta pAriNayaM // kAmanA nahIM, saMyama kA viveka hai| jo vyakti svatantra icchA-zakti ke sahAre kAmanA para jitanI vijaya asthira sukha ko prApta karake mAnava moha meM prApta kara sakatA hai, usakA saMkalpa bala utanA hI mAsakta ho jAtA hai, kintu sUrya kI kiraNoM se tejasvI hotA hai / isa dRSTi se sukhavAdI Adarza kA tapta pAnI ke kSaya hone para machalI kI bhAMti artha hogA-jIvana kI vAstavikatA se patana / tar3aphatA hai| saMsAra meM bhogya vastueM parimita haiM tathA manuSya kI sukhavAda kA vikAsa daihika prAdhAra para humA / kAmanAeM aparimita aura ananta haiM / isa dRSTikoNa ataH vaha apane Apa meM apUrNa hai / prAtma-pakSa se se bhI sukhavAda manuSya ko kabhI sukhI nahIM banA aspRSTa rahakara pUrNatA kI prApti kaThina hai / saca to sktaa| yaha hai ki kevala daihika AdhAra anitya aura kSaNika manuSya kevala indriya-janya saMvedanAoM ko hI hai| pranitya kI upAsanA karane vAlA zAzvata kI apanA lakSya nahIM maantaa| usakA parama lakSya prApti kaise kara sakatA hai ? ataH dehAtmavAda yA pAntarika saMtoSa hai / sukhavAdI vicArakoM ne indriya- sukhavAda ke svIkartAmoM ko punaH mahAvIra kI yaha janya saMvedanAoM va prAtmatoSa meM ekatva sthApita kara anubhUta vANI cintana kI preraNA se detI haibahuta bar3I bhrAnti paidA kI hai| donoM kI bhUmikAeM puvvaM peyaM pacchA peyaM bheuradhamma viddhasaNadhamma adhuvaM bhinna-bhinna haiN| anitiyaM prasAsayaM cayAvacaiyaM vipariNAmadhamma prAtmA kA zuddha svarUpa dehAtIta hai, jabaki pAsai eyaM rUvaM / '

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vIra isa bhU para punaH pAnA par3egA hAsya kavi- hajArIlAla jaina 'kAkA' po0 sakarAra jilA jhAMsI bar3ha rahI dina dina samasyAyeM anokhI, nAtha ina para dhyAna phira lAnA par3egA, nibala jIvoM kI karAheM kaha rahI haiM, vIra isa bhU para punaH AnA par3egA, sAdhanA, aba supta hotI jA rahI hai, vAsanA, surasA banI muha vA rahI hai, kara rahI sAmrAjya hara mana para kuTilatA svArtha kI hara dvAra se bU A rahI hai, isaliye ina svArthiyoM ko sabaka dene vIra isa bhU para punaH AnA par3egA, nibala jIvoM kI karAheM kaha rahI haiM nAtha hama para dhyAna phira lAnA par3egA, ro rahA atara magara muMha para haMsI hai, hara adhara ko cUmatI aba bebasI hai, lAlasA ne satya kA sara cheda DAlA nAva saMyama kI bhaMvara meM A phaMsI hai, isaliye saMsAra sAgara se tirAne vIra isa bhU para punaH AnA par3egA, nabala jIvoM kI karAheM kaha rahI haiM nAtha hama para dhyAna phira lAnA par3egA, Aja mAnava aNu bamoM para jI rahA hai, mRtyu kI pozAka khuda hI sI rahA hai, tyAga kara AdhyAtma kA amRta anokhA viSa bhare vijJAna kA viSa pI rahA hai, isaliye 'kAkA' dizA kA bodha dene vIra isa bhU para punaH AnA par3egA, nibala jIvoM kI karAheM kaha rahI haiM nAtha hama para dhyAna phira lAnA par3egA, isaliye 'kAkA' diza

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reDiyo phIcara tIrthakara DaoN. narendrabhAnAvata pAtra paricayavAcaka-puruSa-svara : vAcikA-strI-svara / (samaveta svara meM tIrthakara stuti) logassa ujjoagare, dhammatitthayare jiNe / prarihante kitaissaM, cauvIsapi kevalI / vAcaka-loka meM udyota karane vAle, dharma tIrtha ke pravartaka, 'rAga-dveSa ke vijetA aura karma zatru ke nAzaka ina mahApuruSoM kI stuti kara kauna kRtakRtya nahIM hotA ? (stuti kA pATha svara) candesu nimmalayarA prAiccesu ahiyaM payAsayarA / sAgara vara gaMbhIrA, siddhA siddhi mama disantu / / vAcikA-candra se bhI adhika nirmala, sUrya se bhI adhika tejasvI aura samudra se bhI padhika gambhIra ___ ye mahApuruSa sabake vandanIya haiN| vAcaka-- saMsAra samudra meM dvIpa ke samAna zaraNAgata ke prAdhAra, svayaM pratiyoSa pAkara dUsaroM ko , __ pratibodha dene vAle sarvajJa, sarvadarzI ye mahApuruSa tIrtha kara hI haiN| vAcikA-tIrtha kara ? (pAzcarya se) kauna hote haiM ye tIrthakara ? vAcaka-apane pUrva bhava meM viziSTa sAdhanA se tIrthakara nAma karma kI prakRti bAMdhane vaoNla, dharmacakra .. pravartana ke lie tIrtha kI sthApanA karane vAle, ye tIrthakara prasAdhAraNa mahApuruSa hote haiN| vAdhikA-tIrtha ke saMsthApaka tIrthakara hote haiM, yaha to zAbdika artha kI UparI bAta huI / sacce prayo .. meM tIrtha' kise kahate haiM ? vAcaka-tIrtha vaha sAdhana hai jisako pAkara bhavya jIva saMsAra-samudra se pAra utarate haiM / sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA ye cAra tIrtha mAne gaye haiN| tIrthakara isa prakAra ke caturvidha " saMgha kI sthApanA kara dharma pravartana kA kArya karate haiN| vAcikA-jo loga vibhinna tIrthoM kI yAtrA karate haiM, una tIrthoM kA ina tIrthaMkaroM se koI sambandha bhI hai ?

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1-18 vAcaka-kyoM nahIM ? jina-jina sthAnoM para tIrthaMkaroM ke paraNa par3ate haiM, jahAM-jahAM tIrthaMkara ke paMca kalyANaka hote haiM, ve sabhI sthAna kAlAntara meM pUjanIya bana jAte haiM, sammedazikhara, giranAra pAlItAraNA prAdi aise tIrthasthAna haiN| vAcikA-tIrthakara svayaM kalyANakArI hote haiM, ve prAtma-kalyANa bhI karate haiM pora loka kalyANa bhI, phira unakA kalyANaka mahotsavoM se kyA sambandha ? vAcaka-kalyANaka mahotsava unakI viziSTa zakti aura garimA ke pratIka haiM / jaba tIrthakara garbha mAte haiM, unakI mAtA ko vizeSa prakAra ke svapna dikhAI dete haiM, ratnoM kI varSA hotI hai aura indrAdi milakara utsava manAte haiN| janma hone para indra kA mAsana kAMpa ... uThatA hai, devatAmoM ke yahAM svayaMmeva ghaMTe bajane lagate haiN| (ghaNToM kI dhvani) merU parvata para le jAkara unakA abhiSeka kiyA jAtA hai| vizva meM sarvatra zAMti chA jAtI hai / nArakI jIva bhI kSaNa bhara ke liye yAtanAmoM se mukta ho jAte haiM / indra sAta bAra pradakSiNA kara unakI stuti karatA hai namotthaNaM. marihantANaM. bhagavantANaM, mAigarANaM, titthayarANaM, saMyaMsaMbuddhANaM, purisuttamANaM, purisasIhANa, purisavarapuMDarI pANaM, namoM jiNANaM, biamayANaM / pAcikA-janma ke samaya tIrthakara sAdhAraNa bAlaka kI taraha hI hote haiM phira unake liye itanA alaukika pradarzana ? .. vAcaka-yaha pradarzana nahIM, unake viziSTa guNoM aura atizayoM ke prati loka zraddhA aura AtmollAsa kA prakaTIkaraNa hai / tIrthakara janma se hI matijJAna, zrutajJAna aura avadhijJAna ke dhAraka hote haiM / unakA zarIra svastha evaM baliSTha hotA hai| ve jaba sAMsa lete haiM taba kamala kI gandha mAtI hai| vAcikA-isase lagatA hai ve janma se hI asAdhAraNa hote haiM / vAcaka-pUrva janma ke puNyodaya se unameM asAdhAraNa kSamatA to hotI hI hai, para ve kSatriya vaMza meM utpanna hote haiM jinakA uttaradAyitva kSatoM kA trANa karanA hotA hai / vaibhava vilAsa ke . sabhA upakaraNa unheM sulabha hote haiM phira bhI sAMsArika sukhoM ke prati unakA koI mAkarSaNa nahIM hotA. ve vivAha bhI karate haiM para nirjeda kA kAraNa upasthita hote hI pravajyA aMgIkRta kara lete haiN| vAdhikA-vivAha ! patnI ke pyAra ko ThukarAkara usakI sunaharI kalpanAmoM para tuSArApAta karanA kitanA jaghanya aparAdha hai ? jo apane parivAra ko pUrI taraha nahIM apanA sakate ve saMsAra ko kyA apanA banAyeMge? pAcaka-tIrthakara kI dRSTi bar3I udAra aura vyApaka hotI hai / ve sampUrNa vizva ko apanA parivAra samajhate haiM / unakA hRdaya saMvedanazIla hotA hai, ve dUsaroM ke dukha ko apanA banAkara use .. dUra karane kA satata prayatna karate haiM / pravajyA unheM apane svArtha ke ghere se bAhara nikAlakara paramArtha kI mora unmukha karatI hai|

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5-19 bAdhikA-isa nairAgya bhAvanA kA koI bAhya kAraNa bhI hotA hai ? pAcaka hotA hai, para bAhya kAraNa jIvana ko tabhI badala sakatA hai jaba usameM pahale ke saMskAra vidyamAna hoM / prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne apane rAjya-darabAra meM nIlAMjanA apsarA ko nAcate hue dekhA (nRtya kI AvAja) aura dekhA ki nAcate-nAcate hI vaha isa nazvara saMsAra ko chor3a calI gaI haiN| (mRtyu kA sannATA) isa kSaNabhaMguratA ke bodha se RSabha kA ciMtanopravAha gairAgya kI mora abhimukha hunaa| dUlhe ke veza meM saje bAisane tIrthaMkara neminAtha ne toraNa dvAra para dIna pazu-pakSiyoM kI karuNa kAtara pukAra sunI / (kAtara dhvani) vivAha ke prItibhoja ke lie una nirIha pazuoM kI hiMsA kA yaha karuNa dRzya unase na dekhA gayA aura ve bArAta lekara ulTe pAMva lauTa pdd'e| bAcikA-tIrthakara kyA eka se adhika bhI hote haiM ? / vAcaka-prAgamika mAnyatA ke anusAra pratyeka yuga meM 24 tIrthakara hote haiN| vartamAna yuga ke 24 tIrthakaroM meM prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva haiM aura antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra svAmI / pAcikA-RSabhadeva ko prathama tIrthakara aura yugAdideva kyoM mAnA gayA hai ? vAcaka-isaliye ki unhoMne gRhasthAvasthA meM mAnava sabhyatA kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| per3a-paudhoM para basara karane vAle logoM ko puruSArtha kA pATha par3hAkara kRSi karma karanA sikhaayaa| mAra mora lipi kA bodha karA kara prAtmA kI ananta jJAna zakti kA paricaya diyA, manyAya bhaura matyAcAra ke khilApha lar3anA sikhaayaa| andhakAra meM bhaTakatI huI mAnavatA ko tIyaM kI sthApanA kara dharma kA prakAza diyaa| isIlie ve mAdinAtha bandanIya pUjanIya haiM, haiM, stuti karane yogya haiM / (stuti-pATha) ... bhaktAmarapraNatamaulimaNiprabhANAmudyotakaM dalitapApatamovitAnam / samyak praNamya jinapAdayugaM yugAdA vAlaMbanaM bhavajale patatAM / janAnAm vAdhikA-RSabha paura mahAvIra ke bIca jo bAIsa tIrthakara ho gaye haiM unakI koI viziSTha pahacAna bhI hai ? bAcaka-mAtma-guNoM kI dRSTi se sabhI tIrthakara samAna hote, sabhI tIrtha kI sthApanA kara dharma kA pracAra karate haiM / hAM pratyeka tIrthakara apane viziSTi cihna se pahacAnA jAtA hai / RSabhadeva kI mAM marudevI ne prathama svapna vRSabha kA dekhA, bAlaka RSabha ke vakSasthala para bhI vRSabha kA hI lAMchana thA, isIliye vRSabha unakA ciha na mAna liyA gyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra apane kisI bhava meM siMha the / siMha kI taraha adharma aura anAcAra ke viruddha dahAr3ane ke kAraNa siMha hI unakA ciha na mAna liyA gyaa| pratyeka tIrthakara kA apanA alaga-alaga ..... cihAna hai|

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1-20 vAcikA-yaha to pahacAna kA bAhya lakSaNa hai / vAcaka-pahacAna kA prAntarika lakSaNa to yahI hai ki sabhI tIrthaMkara ananta darzana, ananta jJAna, ananta zakti aura ananta sukha ke dhanI hote haiN| hAM, bIca ke bAIsa tIrthaMkara cAra mahAvrata rUpa dharma kI prarUpaNA karate haiM, ahiMsA, satya, asteya aura aparigraha kA upadeza dete haiM / unake sAdhu sarala-svabhAvI aura buddhimAna hote haiN| isake viparIta prathama aura antima tIrthakara pAMca mahAvata rUpa dharma kI dezanA karate haiM; ve brahmacarya vrata kI alaga se mahattA pratipAdita karate haiN| kyoMki pahale tIrthaMkara ke sAdhu Rju jar3a hone ke kAraNa tatva ko pUrI taraha hRdayaMgama nahIM kara pAte haiM aura antima tIrthaMkara ke sAdhu vakrajar3a hone ke kAraNa dharmAnurUpa mAcaraNa nahIM kara pAte haiN| isIlie varddhamAna mahAvIra ne 23 veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke cAra vratoM ke sthAna para pAMca vratoM kI pratiSThA kii| vAcikA-mahAvIra ko vardhamAna kyoM kahA jAtA hai ? vAcaka-mahAvIra kA janma nAma vardhamAna hI hai| jaba ye mAtA ke garbha meM Aye taba cAroM ora .. sukha-samRddhi kI vRddhi huI / inake janma lete hI parivAra meM ananta vaibhava bar3hA / inhIM lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para jyotiSiyoM ne inakA nAma vardhamAna rkhaa| pAcikA-to phira mahAvIra nAma se ye loka prasiddha kyoM hue ? bAcaka-isa nAma kA sambandha unakI bacapana kI eka ghaTanA se hai| eka bAra ye apane samavayaska bAlakoM ke sAtha eka udyAna meM khela rahe the| acAnaka eka bhayaMkara sAMpa paayaa| sAre bAlaka sAthI use dekhakara Dara gye| idhara-udhara bhAga nikale para vardhamAna tanika bhI vicalita na hue| ve nirbhaya hokara khilaune kI bhAMti usase khelane lage / isI ghaTanA ke - kAraNa ve loka meM vIra athavA mahAvIra nAma se prasiddha hue| sAdhanA kAla meM inhoMne sama bhAva pUrvaka kaThora upasarga sahana kiye isa kAraNa bhI ye mahAvIra kahe gaye / yAcikA- kyA inake paura bhI nAma haiM ? vAcaka yoM to inake aneka nAma haiM, para eka prasiddha nAma sanmati bhI hai| isa nAma kA sambandha bhI unakI bAlapana kI eka ghaTanA se hai| eka bAra saMjaya aura vijaya nAma ke do maharSiyoM ko sUkSma padArthoM meM kucha zaMkAyeM utpanna huii| ve kumAra varddha mAna ke pAsa prAye aura unheM dekhate hI unakI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna ho gyaa| usI dina se loga unheM sanmati kahane lge| vAcikA-aura jJAna prApti ke lie unheM koI sAdhanA nahIM karanI par3I ? vAcaka-unheM kaThora sAdhanA karanI pdd'ii| tIsa varSa kI bharI javAnI meM rAjasI vaibhava ko lAta mAra kara ve bIkSita hue / dIkSA lene ke bAda sAr3he bAraha varSoM taka bhayAnaka jaMgaloM meM ghUme, bhUkhe rahe, pyAse rahe, kabhI mArAma kI nIMda na lii| sardI, garmI aura varSA ke upasarga bhI unhoMne samabhAva pUrvaka sahana kiye| mAdhikA-ve the to bar3e sejasvI, unakI kisI ne sahAyatA nahIM kI ? vAcaka-ve kisI kI sahAyatA para nirbhara nahIM the / pUrNa puruSArthI the / apane dhyAna meM nirantara lIna

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. 1-21 rahA karate the / eka gvAle ne apane bailoM ko na pAkara unheM cora aura dhUrta samajhAisake kAno meM kIle Thoke, para ve saba sahana karate rahe / vAcikA-janmAdi utsava manAne vAle indrAdi deva usa samaya kahAM cale gaye the| vAcaka-ve mahAvIra ko sahAyatA dene ke lie Aye the, para mahAvIra ne unakI sahAyatA lene se spaSTa inkAra kara diyaa| ve akele hI apane karma rUpI zatruoM se mukAbalA karate rahe / unako tapa se DigAne ke lie kaThora yaMtraNAyeM dI gaI para ve apanI sAdhanA se kiMcita bhI vicalita na hue| vAcio -caNDakauzika sarpa ko bhI unhoMne vaza meM kiyA thaa| vAcaka--vaza meM hI nahIM kiyA, usake sampUrNa jIvana krama ko badala diyaa| vaha apanI viSa dRSTi chor3a unake caraNoM meM leTa gyaa| unake teja ke mAge apane viSa ko prabhAva rahita jAnakara unhIM ke caraNoM meM kSamA kI mUrti bana gyaa| vAcikA-sA~pa jaise viSaile prANI ko prAtmabodha dene vAle mahAvIra dhanya haiN| vAcakra--unhoMne viSale jIva-jantumoM ko hI bodha nahIM diyA / apanI ugra tapasyA aura kaThora sAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa AtmA kI sampUrNa kAlimAnoM ko dhokara jJAna ke divya prakAza ko prApta kiyaa| unheM kevalajJAna huA, ve saba kucha jAnane aura saba kucha dekhane lge| devatAoM ne milakara jJAna kalyANaka utsava manAyA aura samavazaraNa kI racanA kI / yAcikA-samavasaraNa kise kahate haiM ? vAcaka-jIrthaMkara jahAM upasthita hokara apanI dharma dezanA karate haiM, usa sthAna ko samavasaraNa kahate haiM / isa sabhA meM sabhI jAti aura varga ke loga, kyA strI, kyA puruSa, kyA dhanI, kyA nirdhana, binA roka Toka ke abAdha rUpa se pravacana sunane ke lie pAyA karate haiN| vAcikA-tIrthaMkara kI dezanA evaM pravacana kisa bhASA meM hote haiM ? vAcaka-loka bhASA meM / mahAvIra ne apanI dezanA arddha mAgadhI meM dI jo ki tatkAlIna loka bhASA kA eka prakAra hai| vAcikA-unhoMne loka kalyANa ke lie kyA vyavasthA dI ? vAcaka-unhoMne kahA-samI jIva jInA cAhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM cAhatA / isIlie tuma apane pApako jitanA pyAra karanA cAhate ho, utanA hI pyAra dUsare jIvoM ko kro| mAvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha mata karo / adhika saMgraha karanA dUsaroM ke haka ko chInanA hai / prappA kattA vikattAya, duhANaya suhANaya / appA kAmaduhA gheNu, appAme nandaNaM vaNaM / / hama hI apanA nirmANa aura vikAsa karane vAle haiM, Izvara nahIM / unake upadeza kA sAra saMkSepa meM sarva dharma samabhAva mora sarva jIva samabhAva hai|

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"-1-22 / vAcikA-mapame aura loka ke kalyANa ke lie dharma kI vyavasthA dene vAle the parihanta tIrthaGkara, siddha bhagavAna aura muni-mahAtmA prANImAtra ke lie maMgalakArI haiM / loka meM uttama hai paura saMsArI jIvoM ko zaraNa dene vAle haiN| unake caraNoM meM koTi-koTi praNAma Namo arihantANaM, Namo siddhANaM, emo pAyariyANaM, Namo uvajjhAyANaM, Namo loe savvasAhUNaM / cattAri maMgalam, parihantA maMgalam, siddhA maMgalam, sAhU maMgalam, kevali paNNatto dhammo maMgalama

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. bha0 mahAvIra eka caritra yA cAritra (zrI pravINacandra chAbar3A, jayapura) bha. mahAvIra ke 2500 veM nirvANa varSa meM bha0 mahAvIra ke caritra ko carcA itanI adhika huI ki vidvAn loga unake jIvana kI choTI se choTI ghaTanAoM kI khoja meM lage rhe| prAyaH yaha mahasUsa kiyA gayA ki mahAvIra ke jIvana sambandhI ghaTanAmoM kA ullekha bahuta kama milatA hai jaise unhoMne kaba vihAra kiyA, kisa samaya kauna sI ghaTanA unake jIvana meM ghaTita huI mAdi / mAja hama bhagavAna ko caritra ke rUpa meM dekhanA jyAdA cAhate haiN| hamArA sArA dRSTikoNa nAyaka ke sAtha banatA paura calatA hai / mahAvIra caritra nAyaka baneM aura hama usa caritra para gAthAe likheN| yaha eka aisI bhAvanA hai jo nirAkAra ko sAkAra banAtI hai| jaina-darzana, saMskRti mora mAnyatA meM bha0 bhAdinAtha se lekara mahAvIra taka kA eka hI svarUpa aura bhAva hai| yadi cihna haTA diye jAveM to mUrtiyoM meM bhI bheda karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| mahAvIra ne apane jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ko kabhI svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| unakA sambandha zarIra ke sAtha pA mora unake lie zarIra sAdhana thA sAdhya nhiiN| ataH zarIra ke sAtha sambandha rakhane vAlA caritra mahatvahIna hokara raha gyaa| ve caritra na rahakara cAritra ho ge| caritra kA koI rUpa saMskAra yA mokAra nahIM hotA, vaha ghaTanA pradhAna bhI nahIM hotA, vaha kabhI nAyaka nahIM ho sakatA / pratyeka caritra meM cAritra ho hI yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| caritra to zarIra kA guNa hai aura mahAvIra guNAtIta the| isI kAraNa caritra ke sAtha calane vAlI saba viziSTa athavA aviziSTa ghaTanAeM zarIra ke sAtha mahatvahIna hokara raha gii| ___ mahAvIra ko caritra meM dekhA bhI nahIM jA sktaa| ve yadi ghaTanA pradhAna hote to mAtra caritranAyaka hokara raha jaate| unhoMne karmoM kA saMvaraNa kiyA, unakA nirjarA kI phira karmoM se sambandhita ghaTanAmoM kA mahatva kahA ? itihAsakAra cAhe mahAvIra ko caritra banAne kA kitanA hI prayatna kareM, para, mahAvIra kA ina sabase koI sambandha nhiiN| unake bacapana se lekara anta taka kyA ghaTanAeM ghaTI ve kabhI mahAvIra ke lie mahatvapUrNa nahIM rhiiN| hama jo pakar3a meM vizvAsa rakhate haiM, avazya hI mahAvIra ko pakar3e rakhanA cAhate haiN| unake caritra para UhApoha karake apane ko dhanya bhI mAnate haiM, para cAritra zarIra athavA karmoM se sambandhita ghaTanAmoM ko kabhI mAnyatA, mahatva nahIM de sktaa| . jIvana kI ghaTanAeM mAtra avasara hai, saMyoga hai / lekina mahAvIra avasara yA saMyoga nahIM the| unako ghaTanAoM meM dekhanA, jAnanA unako samajhane meM kaThinAI paidA kregaa| jaina saMskRti aura paramparA ghaTanAmoM se satya ko nahIM prAMkatI / ghaTanAoM meM satya chipa jAtA hai / mahAvIra ko svayaM darzana the, jJAna the, cAritra the| mahAvIra kI mukti meM kAraNa unakA caritra nahIM cAritra thA, ratnatraya thaa| unake sAtha koI lIlA nahIM thI aura na lIlAmaya hokara calanA unheM svIkAra hI thA / ve caritramaya nahIM cAritramaya the| isa tathya ko samajha kara hI hama vAstavika mahAvIra ko samajha sakate haiN|

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eka dRSTi bharapUra -zrI tArAdatta "nirvirodha" brahmacarya ne bAMdhA mana ko, jaise satya aura saMyama ne hara kSaraNa bAMdha diyA jIvana ko| AtmalIna hone ke sukha ne kiyA dukhoM se mukta, jIvana ke hara bojhila kSaraNa ko kiyA guNoM se yukta; saca ne bAMdha diyA varzana ko aura zabda ne hara cintana ko, .. jaise pavana-dizA au' nabha ne bAMdha diyA ekAMta vijana ko ! brahmacarya hai deha - sAdhanA bhoga bhAva se dUra, bharI sRSTi meM jahA~ riktatA eka dRSTi bharapUra aise bA~dhA veha-dahana ko brahma aura mAnava ke mana ko, jaise gaMdha bA~dha detI hai sumana-sumana se eka camana ko|

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Education International rAjasthAna ke vittamantrI zrI candanamala vaMda mahAvIra nirvAgotsava san 1974 para prAyojita sabhA meM bhASaNa dete hue /

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satya banAma mahAvIra : mahAvIra banAma satya bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA--- 'sacca loyammi sArabhUyaM"-satya loka meM sArabhUta hai / isalie"saccameva samabhijANAhi"-tuma satya kA AcaraNa kro| ukta sUtra sadarbho meM satya kI kevala zabdAtmA hI nahIM, apitu bhAvAtmA parilakSita hotI hai| mAnavIya svabhAva kI sabase bar3I durbalatA hai ki vaha zabda ke UparI dharAtala para satya ke sAkSAtkAra kA prayatna karatA hai kintu usakI bhAvanA ke sataha para use pAne kA prayatna nahIM karatA / zabdAtmA meM bahiraMgatA hotI hai aura bhAvAtmA meM aMtaraMgatA hotI hai / satya bahiraMga nahIM hotA / vaha aMtaraMga hotA hai, ataH usakI upalabdhi bhI aMtaraMga meM praveza se hogii| aMtaraMga meM praveza / karane ke lie bahiraMga kA visarjana karanA hogA paura apane andara utaranA hogA jo jitanA gaharA apane andara utaregA, vaha utanA hI adhika prApta kregaa| zabda mora satya-ye do bhinna-bhinna koNa haiN| zabda kabhI satya nahIM hotA aura satya kabhI zabda nahIM hotaa| kyoMki zabda jar3a hai aura satya cetanA kA dharma hai| cetanA kA dharma kabhI jar3a nahIM hotA paura jar3a kabhI cetanA kA dharma nahIM hotA / jIvana kI yathArthatA kabhI jar3atA meM pratibimbita nahIM hotii| vaha cetanA ke darpaNa meM hI prativimbita ho sakatI hai| mahAvIra ne hameM cetanA kA darzana diyaa| unhoMne antaraMga meM praveza kara satya kI upalabdhi ke lie cetanA kA prakAza diyaa| mahAvIra kA samagra jIvana darzana cetanAmaya thaa| usameM jar3atA kA koI astitva nahIM thA kintu ise niyati kA krUra vyaMga hI kahanA cAhie ki mahAvIra jitane adhika cetanAmaya the, unake anuyAyI aura sAdhvI zrI kastUrAMjI (lADanUM)

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1-26 bhakta utane hI adhika cetanA se dUra haiN| yahI kI apekSA hotI hai, para satya bAhara kI cIja nahIM kAraNa hai ki mahAvIra ke anuyAyI mahAvIra kI hai jo mAMganI pdd'e| satya parAI vastu nahIM hai jo bhASA se dUra haiM, mahAvIra kI bhakti se dUra hai, aura udhAra lenI pdd'e| satya ke lie kisI para prava. mahAvIra kI bhAvanA se dUra haiN| ve zabda ke saMsAra lamvita hone kI prAvazyakatA nahIM hai| satya ke meM hI satya ke saMdhAna kA prayatna karate haiN| ve lie kisI bAhya upakaraNa kI apekSA bhI nahIM hai mantaraMga meM praveza kie binA hI antaHkaraNa ko kyoMki satya apanA hotA hai| usameM sva-bhAva hotA pAnA cAhate haiN| ve jar3atA meM jakar3e hue hI cetanA hai, para-sAva nahIM, ataH satya ko na kisI se mAMganA ko anubhUti cAhate haiN| hai, na kisI se udhAra lenA hai, na kisI se sIkhanA cetanA ke paripAvaM meM puruSArtha ko pradhA- hai aura na kisI se par3hanA hai| use to kevala natA hotI hai| puruSArtha prANI ke kartatva khojanA hai / khojane ke lie hameM antaraMga kI gahake lie cunautI hotA hai| usa cunautI ko ra rAI meM utaranA hogaa| svIkAra karane vAlA mahAvIra nahIM to. vIra satya jaba bhI milA hai, antaraMga kI gaharAIyoM avazya hogaa| mahAvIra ne cetanA ko prabuddha meM milA hai| Ama taura se AdamI bAhara hI karane ke lie puruSArtha kA prAvadhAna prastuta kiyaa| khojatA rahatA hai aura bAhara khojate-khojate vaha puruSArtha zabda-prapaMca se mukta hotA hai| puruSArthI meM svayaM sama pta ho jAtA hai, para satya kI prApti use bahiraMga bhAva nahIM hotA / puruSArthI para kabhI jar3atA nahIM ho pAtI / prApti ho bhI kaise ? jo cIja hAvI nahIM hotii| vaha satya ko bar3I sahajatA se andara hai, vaha bAhara kaise milegI ? prataH jo pA letA hai kyoMki satya kisI se mAMgane se nahIM jitanA gaharAI meM utaregA, vaha utanA hI adhika miltaa| satya kisI se udhAra nahIM liyA jaataa| satya ko pA sakegA aura jo jitanA adhika satya satya kisI se sIkhA nahIM jAtA aura satya kisI ko pAegA vaha utanA hI adhika mahAvIra ko pA se par3hakara jAnA bhI nahIM jaataa| mAMgane se bAhara sakegA kyoMki mahAvIra mora satya eka hI prartha ko kI cIja hI mila sakatI hai / udhAra bhI vahI cIja abhivyakta karane vAle do paryAyavAcI zabda hai| milatI hai, jo apanI nahIM hotii| sIkhane ke lie isalie satya ko pAne kA artha mahAvIra ko pAnA bhI kisI anya para pravalambita honA par3atA hai aura hai aura mahAvIra ko pAne kA artha satya ko par3hakara jAnane ke lie bhI kisI bAhya upakaraNa pAnA hai /

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kI antaHkrAnti bhagavAna mahAvIra adhyAtma puruSa the / unakA sampUrNa jIvana adhyAtma se aotaprota thaa| unakI hara kriyA adhyAtma kI pariNati thii| unakA mauna adhyAtma ke lie thA aura unakA saMbhASaNa bhI adhyAtma ke lie / svAdhyAya aura dhyAna, gamanayoga aura sthirayoga sarvatra adhyAtmaka kI pratidhvani thii| AdhyAtmikatA kA prAsAda vAstavikatA kI nIMva para khar3A hai| vAstavikatA kA bindu vyakti hai samAja nahIM / bUda yathArtha hai sAgara kalpita hai / araNu yathArtha hai skandha kalpita hai| rajakaraNa yathArtha hai pahAr3a kalpita hai| ba'da sAgara ko nakAra sakatI hai sAgara bUda ko nahIM, aNu skandha ko nakAra sakatA hai, skandha aNu ko nhiiN| rajakaNa pahAr3a ko nakAra sakatA hai, pahAr3a rajakaNa ko nhiiN| sAgara ke prabhAva meM bUda, skandha ke prabhAva meM aNu aura pahAr3a ke abhAva meM rajakaraNa pUrNatayA surakSita hai / bUda ke guNa sAgara meM, aNa ke guNa skandha meM aura rajakaraNa ke guNa pahAr3a meM pratibimbita hai / samAja vyakti kI prakriyA hai| vyakti kA nirmANa samAja kA nirmANa hai| vyakti kI krAnti samAja kI krAnti hai| vyakti svaniSTha aura samAja vyakti niSTha hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA darzana sva kA darzana hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA dharma na ihaloka kA dharma hai na paraloka kA, vaha prAtma dharma hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra kA tapa na ihaloka kA tapa hai na paraloka kA tapa hai vaha sva kA tapa hai, prAtmA kA tapa hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bAraha varSa taka kaThora sAdhanA kii| unakI sAdhanA kA kendra adhyAtma thA aura paridhi bhI prAdhyAtmamayI thii| sAdhanA kAla meM bhItara se tabbI zrI. saMghamitrAjo...

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1-28 adhyAtma svara gUjA-"saMsAra cakra vyUha hai / rAga- banAne yogya mAnatA hai vaha svayaM tU hI hai| dUsare dvaSamayI jajIra hai / isake mAdhyama se prAtmA kA zoSaNa karanA apanA hI zoSaNa hai, dUsare ke ne apane ko saMsAra se bAMdhA hai / yaha saMsAra mAsmA adhikAroM ko chInanA apane hI adhikAroM ko kI hI pakar3a hai / parigraha padArthoM meM nahIM bhItara meM chInanA hai / dUsaroM se ghRNA karanA apane ko ghaNAhai / bhItara ke mamatva ne hI padArtha ko pakar3A hai| spada banAnA hai| dUsare ko hIna samajhanA apane ko yaha pakar3a hI parigraha hai| deha pora prAtmA donoM hI hIna ghoSita karanA hai| bhinna tatva haiN| deha jar3a hai, prAtmA jyotirmaya hai| tU hI apanA rakSaka hai, tU hI apanA mitra mAtmA anaMta prAnaMda kA srota hai| maiM deha nahIM hai|' dhana aura baibhava se trANa pAne kI kalpanA prAtmA haiN| moha ke saghana prAvaraNa ne mAtmA ke nirarthaka hai| jo lakSmI para prAsakta hai usake na prAnanda ko rokA hai| ajJAna ke abhrapaTala ne tapa hai, na saMyama hai, na niyama hai, na dharma hai / mAtma jJAna ko AcchAdita kiyA hai / sAdhanA kA vyakti kI mahattA dhana meM nahIM, adhyAtma guNoM lakSya sva ko pAnA hai aura prAtmA ko jagAnA hai|" ke jAgaraNa meM hai| - mahAvIra kI isa vizada bhAvadhArA meM vega pratyeka prAtmA anaMta zakti sampanna hai| hara bar3A / ve kSapaka zreNI para prArUr3ha hue / krAnti kA prAtmA meM paramAtma svarUpa chupA hai aura hara insAna lAvA phUTapar3A, saMsAra kI pakar3a DhIlI ho gii| meM bhagavAna banane kI kSamatA nihita hai| rAga dveSa kI jaMjIra TUTa gii| zAstrIya bhASA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ye sazakta svara mAnavayaha moha mukti thii| sAhityika bhASA meM yaha antaH- mAnava ke hRdaya ko chU gye| unakI sandezadhArA se krAnti thii| samAja kA sArA vAtAvaraNa andolita ho utthaa| ... antaH krAnti kI divya kiraNa paripUrNatA meM mukta prAtmA meM anaMta zakti hai / karma yukta / prakaTa huii| vibhakta cetanA pUrNatA kA pratibimba avasthA se mukta hote samaya jo anaMta zakti kA hai / cetanA ke pUrNa prabhyudaya meM khaNDita cetanA kI anAvaraNa hotA hai usakI lahareM samagra vAtAvaraNa viSama lahareM vilIna ho gaI / bhava bhagavAna mahAvIra meM taraMgita hotI haiM / aNu bama ke visphoTa para kI vizada aura sarvavyApI AtmAnubhUti ke darpaNa meM bhayaMkara vinAzaka prakriyA prArambha hotI hai aura vaha koI choTA nahIM thaa| koI bar3A nahIM thaa| koI lambe samaya taka calatI hai| usase anaMta guNI dAsa nahIM thaa| nara aura nArI ke adhyAtma adhi- sRjanAtmaka prakriyA tIrthakara tva ko prApta prAtmA kI kAra meM koI bheda nahIM thaa| para sva se vibhakta nahIM adhyAtma UrjA se ghaTita hotI hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra thaa| saba samAna rUpa se usake jJAna darpaNa meM prati- dvArA saMghaTita antaH krAnti kI niSpatti tIrthakaratva vimbita ho rahe the| kI upalabdhi thii| isa mahAna pradhyAtma upalabdhi . adhyAtma kI yaha prabala anubhUti svaroM kA rUpa ke sAtha nirmala UrmA kI kiraNeM cAroM dizAmoM meM lekara ubhrii| mAnava ko saMbodhita karate hue vikIrNa huii| usase samAja meM naye prabhAta kA bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA-"mAnava tU saba ko udaya huaa| mAtma tulA se tolA / adhyAtma ke mahA sAmrAjya bhagavAna mahAvIra ke krAMta svaroM ne vyaktimeM koI hIna aura koI atirikta nahIM hai / / tU vyakti ko jhakajhorA / nArI jo usa yuga meM dAsau jitako hanana ke yogya mAnatA hai, tU jinako anu. banakara jI rahI thii| usake bhAgyAkAza para nAnA zAsana meM rakhane ke yogya mAnatA hai, tU jinako prakAra ke abhizApoM kI kAlI chAyA maMDarA rahI paritApa dene yogya mAnatA hai, tU jinako dAsa thI, vaha mAtra bhoga kI vastu samajhI jAtI thii|

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01-20 vastu kI taraha usakA vinimaya hone lagA thaa| upAsakoM meM se the| rAjanaitika aura dhArmika-sabhI prakAra ke ucita, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samatA dharma ke saMdeza se adhikAroM se vaha vaMcitA thii| usameM bhI svAtantra jAtivAda kI jar3eM khokhnaaii| jo apane ko janma kA bhAva jagA / candanavAlA, mRgAvatI aura jayanti se hI hIna aura dIna mAnate the, jo dAsatva ko prAdi bhaneka nAriyA~ rAjya vaibhava ko ThukarA kara prApta the aura jinako chU lenA bhI pApa thaa| aise sAdhanA ke patha para bar3ha clii| chattIsa hajAra hIna dIna vyaktiyoM meM bhI naI cetanA kI lahara sAdhviyoM para saphala netRtva kara sAdhvI ziromaNi daudd'ii| darNa bheda va varga bheda kI dIvAreM TUTane candanavAlA ne nArI samAja kA mAla UMcA kiyaa| lgii| eka aora 44.0ziSyoM ke parivAra sahita 13. dhanAbIza nyaktiyoM kI parigraha ke prati Asakti indrabhUti gautama prAdi gyAraha brAhmaNa vidvAnoM ne, kI granthi DhIlI hone lgii| bAraha karor3a svarNa zAlibhadra dhannajI a di zrI sampanna zreSThIjanoM ne mudrAoM kA svAmI cAra samudrI jahAjoM kA adhi- zramaNa saMgha kA anugamana kiyA dUsarI ora eka kArI tathA cAlIsa hajAra gAyoM kA pratipAlaka dina meM sAta prANiyoM kI hatyA kara dene vAle mAlI kRSikAra 'prAnanda' apane vizAla parigraha kI sImA arjuna ko tathA caMDAlakulotpanna harikezI ko nirdhAraNa kara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vratadhArI upA- bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha meM praviSTa hone saka bana gyaa| mahAvIra kA vratadhArI upAsaka kA avasara milaa| samrATa zreNika ke lie saMta kisI para kArya kA pratibhAra nahIM DAla meghakumAra jitanA vaMdanIya thA, saMta harikezI bhI sktaa| kisI kA atizoSaNa nahIM kara sakatA, sI prakAra arcA ke yogya thaa| saMta kI bhUmikA kisI kA vRtti biccheda nahIM kara sakatA, kisI kI para harijana aura mahAjana, kSatriya aura brAhmaNa dharohara ko nakAra nahIM sakatA, kisI ko dhokhA saba samAna rUpa se vaMdya the| nahIM de sktaa| aura kisI bhI prANI kI niSpra- bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM se samAja ko, yojana hiMsA nahIM kara sktaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra tasavIra bahuta zAnadAra DhaMga se ubhrii| jana ke saMgha meM AnaMda jaise hI kAmadeva Adi dasa vrata. sAmanya ne samajhA yaha bahuta bar3I sAmAjika krAMti dhArI pramukha zramaNopAsaka the| rAjA mahArAjAoM ne bhI jIvana jagata ke yathArtha kI bhUmikA para tathya yaha hai ki bhagavAna rahasyoM ko smjhaa| unameM prAtmA ke amaratva mahAvIra ne na koI sAmAjika krAMti kI na rAjaprApti kI pyAsa jgo| tyAga ke prati pAkarSaNa naitika krAMti ko unhoMne anta:krAMti kii| apane bddh'aa| phalasvarUpa dazANabhadra Adi pATha pramukha sva ko jAgRta kiyaa| jana-jana ke mAnasa meM bhI rAjAnoM ne medhakumAra, nandisena prAdi rAjakumAroM antaH krAnti ke sphuliMga chor3e ! moha mAyA ke ne, vizAla rAja parivAroM ne, maMtriyoM aura sAmaMtoM durbhedya kile ko tor3akara samatA ke mahA sAmrAjya ne mahAvratoM kI dIkSA svIkAra kara jIvana ko meM praveza pAne kI bAta khii| bhagavAna mahAvIra pavitra kiyaa| samrATa zreNika, kauNika (ajAta- kI yaha adhyAtma krAnti thii| sva krAnti thii| zatru) vaizAlI gaNataMtra kA pramukha saMcAlaka ceTaka antaH krAMti thii| sAmAjika krAMti isa antaHkrAMti mora mahAmedhAvI maMtrI abhayakumAra unake pramukha kI eka sahacara ghaTanA thii| 1. no ihalogaTTayAe prAyAra mahijjA / no paralogaTTayAe mAyAra mahilaijA / / dazavaM 51417

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*. 1-30 2. no ihalogaTThAe tava mahiDhejjA / no pailogaTThAe tava mahilaijA // dazarva 91418 3. rAgo ya do soDavIya kammabIyaM / / utta0 3207 4, eyaM tulmnnnnesi| -prAcArAMga-1171148 5. se masaI uccAgoe, asaINIyAgoe / gohINe, Nopraharite, No piihe| iti saMkhAya ke goyAvAdI ? ke mAraNAvAdI? kasinA ege nijma ? -prAcArAMga-203149 6. tumaMsi nAma sacceva ja 'hatavvaM' ti mantrasi, tumaMsi nAma sacceva jaM 'ajjAveyavya' ti manasi, tumaMsi nAma sacceva ja 'paritAveyavaM' ti minnasi, tumaMsi nAma sacceva jaM 'parighetavvaM' ti manasi / -mAcArA-5111101 7. purisA ! tumameva tuma mitaM, ki bahiyA mitta micchasi ? -bhAcArAMga 311162 8. vittaNa tANaM na labhe pamatto, imammi loe pradumA prsthaa| -uttarAdhyayana-415 9. pArataM viratta maNikuDalaM saha hiraNNeya, parigijha stthevrttaa| Na ettha tavo vA, damo vA, 'Niyamo vA dissati / / -mAcArAMga-211158159

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dhyAna yogI mahAvIra samasta saMsAra ke yogakSema kartAH 'bhagavAn mahAvIra Aja se DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva isa gharatI para avatarita hue| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mana meM apane maulika svarUpa kI jijJAsA utpanna huii| unake mana meM sthUla zarIra ke bhItara chipe hue parama tatva ko pAne kI utkaTa AkAMkSA jagI mora ve sthUla pravRtti ko chor3akara sUkSma kI khoja meM nirata __ bhUkha, parAkrama-hInatA, ajJAna, prAsakti bhora durbalatA ye pAMca sAdhanA ke bahuta bar3e vighna haiN| ina pAMcoM para vijaya prApta karake bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI sAdhanA ko aura adhika uddIpta kiyaa| sAdhanA ke prathama caraNa meM bhagavAn ne sudhA para vijaya pAne kA abhyAsa kiyaa| dUsare caraNa meM bhaya paura nidrA para vijaya pAne kA prayatna kiyA, tRtIya caraNa meM prANa kI sUkSmatA ko pakar3A, caturtha caraNa meM saba padArthoM se bhinnatA kI anubhUti prApta kara prAsakti para vijaya pAne kA prayAsa kiyaa| pAMcaveM caraNa meM sAdhanA meM Ane vAle kaSToM para vijaya pAne kA abhyAsa kiyaa| jaina mAgamoM meM sAdhanA ke kaI prakAra batalAye haiN| jaise--tapa sAdhanA, dhyAna sAdhanA, mauna sAdhanA maadi| vahAM para tapa ke do bheda batalAye gaye haiM-pAntarika tapa aura bAhya tapa / bhapavAna ne upavAsa prAdi tapasyA ko bAhya tapa aura dhyAna ko Antarika tapa kahA hai| kintu kAlAntara meM dhyAna bAha ya aura anazana prAntarika tapa jaisA bana gyaa| ___ bhagavAna kI sAdhanA upavAsa aura dhyAna se samanvita thii| unakA koI bhI upavAsa aisA nahIM humA jisameM dhyAna kI prakriyA na calI ho| sAdhvIzrI uSAkumArIjI

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1-32 unhoMne 12 varSa aura 13 pakSa kI lambI avadhi devatAmoM ke indra ne sabhakti praNAma chiyA to ke muhUrta bhara nIMda lii| unakA zeSa adhikAMza pulakita nahIM hue aura caNDanAga ke daMzana se samaya dhyAna meM biitaa| 16 dina taka ve satat mAkula / ataH unakI vahI vizuddhi anubhUti ajasra dhyAnalIna rhe| isalie unakI stuti meM kahA vAgdhArA meM phUTa pdd'ii| ke bharaI ke pAraNaMde' sukha gayA hai ki ve anuttara dhyAna ke prArAdhaka the| aura duHkha kyA hai ? kucha bhI nahIM kevala bhrama unakA dhyAna zaMkha aura inda kI bhAMti parama zakla hai, apanI hI manokalpanA hai| unake isI anathA / ataH AtmA ke utkramaNa meM upavAsa ko cintana ne unheM prAjJa banAyA aura vahI dhyAna apekSA dhyAna kI atyanta upAdeyatA hai| zukla dhyAna meM pariNata huaa| aura phira unhoMne - bhagavAn ne zArIrika tapa vahata tpaa| devatA kahA-sAdhaka kisI bhI sAdhanA patha ko svIkAra tiyaMca aura manuSyoM ke dvArA hone vAle lomaharSaka karane se pahale apane bala-sthAna, zraddhA aura Arogya kaSTa sahana kiye| lagAtAra 6 mahInoM taka ko dekhe kahIM aisA na ho ki avicArita prayatna upoSita rahe, isake atirikta bele, tele kI tapasyA ko prasaphalatA se vaha akarmaNya bana jAye aura calatI rhii| garmI aura sardI ko zAntabhAva se - puruSArtha ke prati nirAzAvAna bhii| jhelA / lekina phira bhI ajJAnapUrvaka kaSTa sahane bhagavAna mahAvIra prAgantuka aura svIkRti meM unakA vizvAsa nahIM thA aura na unhoMne ajJAna' donoM prakAra ke kaSToM ko sAdhya siddhi ke mahAna tapa ko sAdhanA kI koTi meM kabhI parigaNita sUtra samatA se shaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA prAdi kiyaa| bAha ya aura prAntarika tapa kA bheda madhya aura anta sthitaprajJatA ke prayAsa meM vItA unhoMne isa bhASA meM samajhAyA ki sAta lava kA thaa| ve pratikSaNa jAgarUka rahe, vipazyanA kI viziSTa dhyAna do dina ke upavAsa ke tulya hotA adbhuta zakti se unhoMne apane rAga aura dveSa rUpI hai / upavAsa dhyAna kI apekSA sarala hote haiN| mahAna zatra oM para vijaya prApta kii| ve samatA ke prAhAra na karane se deha ko kaSTa hotA hai| usa udgAtA hI nahIM balki usakI atala gaharAiyoM kaSTa ko sahane vAle bhI mana ko sthira rakhane meM meM utarate hI rahe / "duhano chetAniyAI" ve duvidhA kaThinAI kA anubhava karate haiN| (rAga-dveSa) ko chor3akara nirvANa ko prApta mahAvIra kI zAna vAdhanA ne sAdhanA paddhati hue| ko nayA jIvana diyaa| unhoMne apane anavarata mAja hameM zubha avasara para isa dhyAna sAdhanA dhyAna ke vividha sAdhanoM meM vividha prayogoM dvArA paddhati ko samajhanA hai aura upavAsoM kI dIrgha yaha siddha kiyA ki sAdhanA pRSThabhUmi ekamAtra paramparA ke sAtha-sAtha dhyAna ko punAH mahatva denA sudRr3ha mAnasika saMracanA hai jahA~ pratikUla kaSToM hai| jaina sAdhanA kA mArga samanvaya kA mAna hai, se khinna nahIM hue vahAM manonukUla sthitiyAM bhI sarva sulabha mArga hai| ise apanAkAra hamako apane unheM kiMcita bhI vicalita nahIM kara skiiN| prApa meM sthita honA hai|

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CANALIFIER bhagavAnamahAnirvANamahAtra mahAvIra nirvANotsava ke avasara para gata varSa Ayojita sAMskRtika kAryakrama kA eka dRzya / Jain Education Interational

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kSamatA [yaha sArA pAkhyAna zvetAmbara " paramparAnusAra hai| --polyAkA] zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI kSamatA merU kI saraha bhaDola thii| saMgharSoM ke tUphAna meM bhI unakI sAdhanA kI lau prakhaNDa jalatI rahI ! kisI ne ThIka hI kahA haicaTTAneM hila nahIM sakatI, kabhI prAMdhI ke khataroM se ! ki zole bujha nahIM sakate, kabhI zabanama ke kataroM se!! sacamuca bhagavAna mahAvIra kI caryA meM ghaTanA. smaka pariSadoM ke aneka saMdarbha bahuta hI romAMcakArI rahe haiM ! una sabakA vivaraNa bahuta bar3e grantha kA rUpa le sakatA hai / ataH maiM sirpha saMgama devatA dvArA pradatta kaSToM kI jhAMkI prastuta kara rahI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra per3hAla gAMva ke samIpavartI per3hAla udyAna meM pIlAsa nAmaka caitya meM mahA. pratimA tapa kara rahe the| mahAvIra kI utkRSTa dhyAnavidhi ko dekhakara indra ne sabhA ko sambodhita karate hae kahA-"bharata kSetra meM isa samaya mahAvIra ke samAna dhIra puruSa anya koI nahIM hai / koI bhI zakti unheM vicalita nahIM kara sktii| devoM meM harSa huA, para saMgama kA khUna khaula uThA / usane indra ke kathana kA prativAda kiyA aura kahA-"maiM unheM vicalita kara sakatA huuN|" apane durvicAra ko kriyAnvita karane hetu vaha polAsa caitya meM phuNcaa| __ mahAvIra ko lakSya se calita karane ke lie eka hI rAtri meM eka ke bAda eka unako bIsa prakAra ke kaSTa diye, jinakI tAlikA nimna prakAra kI rahI hai1. pralaya-kAla kI taraha dhUla kI bhISaNa varSA kI / mahAvIra ke kAna, netra, nAka Adi usa miTTI se sarvathA sana gye| sAdhvIzrI dhanakumArI

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1-34 2. vajramukhI cIMTiyAM utpanna kii| unhoMne 13. siddhArtha aura trizalA banakara hRdaya-bhedI vilApa __ mahAvIra ke sAre zarIra ko khokhalA kara karate hue unhoMne kahA-"varddhamAna ! vRddhaadiyaa| vasthA meM hameM asahAya chor3akara tU kahAM calA mAyA ?" 3. maccharoM ke jhuNDa banAe aura unheM mahAvIra para chodd'aa| unhoMne unake zarIra kA khUna 14. mahAvIra ke donoM pairoM ke bIca meM agni cuusaa| jalAkara bhojana pakAne kA vartana rakhA / 4: tIkSNa mukhI dImake utpanna kii| ve mahAvIra mahAvIra usa agni dAha se vicalita na hue ke zarIra para cipaTa gii| apitu unakI krAnti camaka utthii| b. jaharIle bicchuoM kI senA taiyAra kii| unhoMne 16. mahAvIra ke zarIra para pakSiyoM ke piMjare ___eka sAtha mahAvIra para AkramaNa kiyA aura laTakA diye| pakSiyoM ne apanI coMca maura apane tIkhe DaMka se unheM Dasane lge| paMjoM se prahAra kara unheM kSata-vikSata karane kA 6. nevale chodd'e| bhayaMkara zabda karate hae ve mahAvIra prayatna kiyaa| para TUTa par3e tathA unake mAMsa khaNDa ko chinna- 16. bhayaMkara prAMdhI claaii| vRkSa mUla se ukhaDane bhinna karane lage! lage, makAnoM ko chateM uDane lagI, mahAvIra 7: nukIle dAMta aura viSa kI thailiyoM se bhare usa vAtUla meM kaI bAra ur3e aura gire / sarpa chodd'e| ve mahAvIra ko bAra-bAra kATane 17. cakrAkAra vAyu claaii| mahAvIra usameM cakra lge| antataH jaba ve nirviSa ho gaye to kI taraha ghUmane lage zithila hokara gira pdd'e| 18. kAla cakra claayaa| mahAvIra dhuTane taka bhUmi 8, cUhe utpanna kie| ve mahAvIra ko apane meM dhaMsa gye| . nukIle dAMtoM se kATane ke sAtha sAtha una para ina pratikUla pariSahoM meM bhI mahAvIra kI mUtra-visaMjana bhI karate / kaTe hue jakhmoM para dRDhatA kavi ke nimnalikhita udgAroM ko caritArtha mUtra namaka kA kAma karatA thaa| kara rahI thI9. lambI sUDha vAlA hAthI taiyAra kiyaa| usane itra kI miTTI meM milakara mahAvIra ko AkAza meM punaH punaH uchAlA bhI khuzabU jAtI nahIM, aura girate hI unheM apane pairoM se rauMdA tathA ___ tor3a bhI DAlo to unakI chAtI para tIkhe dAMtoM se prahAra kiyaa| hore kI camaka jAtI nahIM ! 10. hAthI kI taraha hathinI banAI aura usane bhI jaba mahAvIra kA dhairya aDiga rahA to saMgama devatA mahAvIra ko uchAlA aura pairoM se rauNdaa| . lajjA kA anubhava karane lgaa| phira bhI usane prayAsa 11. vIbhatsa pizAca kA rUpa banAyA aura vaha jArI rakhA / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dhyAna bhaGga bhayAnaka kila-kAriyAM karatA hamA, hAtha meM karane ke lie usane anukUla prayatna bhI kiye| painI bI lekara mahAvIra para jhpttaa| pUrI 19. eka vimAna meM baiTha kara maha vIra ke pAsa zakti se una para prAkramaNa kiyaa| AyA aura bolA-"kahiye, Apako svarga cAhie 12. vikarAla vyAghU bana kara vajra-sadRza dAMtoM yA apavarga ? abhilASA pUrNa karUgA / aura trizUla-sadRza nAkhUnoM se mahAvIra ke 20. antataH usane eka apsarA ko lAkara zarIra kA vidAraNa kiyaa| mahAvIra ke sammukha khar3A kiyaa| usane bhI apane

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1-35 hAva-bhAva va vibhrama-vilAsa se unheM dhyAna-cyuta ne jinako jayAcArya bhI kahate haiM likhA haikarane ke vividha prayatna kiye, kintu saphalatA nahIM saMgama dukha diyA pAkarora milii| suprasanna najara dayAla, rAtri samApta huii| prAtaH kAla mahAvIra ne jaga uddhAra huve mo thakI re apanA dhyAna samApta kiyA aura bAlukA kI ora e Dube iNa kAla, vihAra kiyaa| phira bhI saMgama ne duSprayatna nahIM - nahIM iso dUsaro mahAvIra // chor3A / tathA mahAvIra ke sAtha-sAtha rahane lgaa| mahAvIra vAstava meM kSamA kI pratimUrti the / chaH mahIne paryaMta saMgama mahAvIra ko bhayaMkara kaSTa saMgama ke prati bhI mahAvIra ke mAnasa meM karuNA kA detA rahA / usane adhamatA kI sImA lAMdha dI thii| lekina bhayaMkara tUphAna aura dhanaghora megha garjanAeM ajasra srota bahatA rhaa| jisa prakAra sUrya aura candra ko prAtaMkita nahIM kara dhanya hai usa udadhi ko, jisane vizva ko kSamA sakatI, usI prakAra saMgama kA AtaMka mahAvIra ko kA pATha par3hAyA thaa| prabhAvita nahIM kara skaa| . , , anta meM yahI kahUMgI ki__ mahAvIra kI isa utkRSTa sAdhanA kI stuti karate. .. vo eka gula thA, jisake jalave hajAra the| hue terApaMtha saMgha ke caturtha prAcArya zrIjItamala jI vo eka sAja thA, jisake nagame hajAra the| dharma hI jagata kA rakSaka hai dharmo vasenmanasi yAvadalaM sa tAvat, : .. hantA na hanturapi pazya gato'tha tasmin / dRSTA parasparahatirjanakAtmAjAnAM rakSA tato'sya jagataH khalu dharma eva / / -prA0 guNabhadraH AtmAnu* 26 artha-jaba taka mAnava ke hRdaya meM dharma rahatA hai taba taka vaha apane mArane vAle ko bhI nahIM mAratA kintu jaba dharma calA jAtA hai to pitA putra ko aura putra pitA ko mAra DAlatA hai ataH nizcayapUrvaka yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki dharma hI isa jagat kA rakSaka hai|

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mahAvIra ! nirvANa tumhArA -DaoN. narendra mAnAvata mahAvIra! nirvANa tumhArA, nahIM mRtyu kA varaNa, nahIM cetana sattA kA haraNa, nahIM yaha astAcala kI ora sUrya kA gamana, nahIM yaha eka deha kA anya deha meM rUpAntaraNa / mahAvIra / nirvANa tumhArA, jIvana kI caramopalabdhi kA zrISTha varaNa AtmajJAna kI mahAzakti kA UrvIkaraNa, janma-maraNa ke prAvoM se pare, kAla ke mahAphalaka para aMkita akSaya avyAhata sukha jyoti-kiraNa / mahAvIra ! nirvANa tumhArA, prANimAtra ke lie abhaya kA uThA caraNa, dukhadagdhoM ke lie laharAtA zAnta taraNa, gaharI aMdha guphAoM meM besudha soye, bhavabaddha AtmA ke lie jAgaraNa kA preraNa /

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bhavAna mahAvIra aura karmasiddhAnta saMsAra ke sabhI prANI svopArjita karmAnusAra sukha-dukha kA anubhava kara rahe haiN| vAstava meM bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita karma siddhAnta itanA sUkSma bhora vyavasthita hai ki jisakA adhyayana karake mAnava karma se chUTa sakatA hai aura zuddha, niraMjana nirvikAra siddha svarUpa paramAtma tatva kI prApti sahaja hI kara sakatA hai| prAcArya guNabhadra svAmI ne prAtmAnuzAsana grantha meM likhA hai-yaha prazAnI prANI dUsaroM ke viSaya meM hita aura ahita kI kalpanA karake tadanusAra unheM zatru aura mitra samrajhane lagatA hai parantu vAstava meM jo usakA ahita. kArI zatru karma hai usakI ora isakA dhyAna hI nahIM jAtA hai ! jIva bAlyAvasthA meM jo garbha evaM janma prAdi ke asahya dukha ko bhogatA hai usakA kAraNa vaha karma hI hai ! tatpazcAt yauvana avasthA meM bhI ukta karma ke hI udaya se prANI kuTumba ke bharaNa-poSaNa kI cintA se vyAkula hokara dhana ke kamAne prAdi meM lagatA hai aura niraMtara duHsaha dukha ko sahatA hai| isI karma ke nimitta se vRddha avasthA meM indriyAM zithila par3a jAtI haiM, zarIra vikRta ho jAtA hai aura dAMta TUTa jAte haiN| isa prakAra jo karma saba hI avasthAoM meM usakA aniSTa kara rahA hai use ahitakara na mAnakara yaha prajJAnI prANI mAge bhI usI ke vaza meM rahanA cAhatA hai| loka meM dekhA jAtA hai ki jo vyakti kisI kA eka bAra kucha maniSTa kara detA hai to usase bhaviSya meM vaha kisI prakAra kA sambandha nahIM rakhatA parantu yaha karma jo ki eka bAra nahIM bAra'bAra isa prANI kA maniSTa karatA hai phira bhI yaha bhaviSya meM bhI usa karma ke hI prAdhIna rahanAH cAhatA hai| nyAyaprabhAkara, mAyikAratna -zrI jJAnamatIjI

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1-38 parAgalolupI bhramara jisa prakAra se binA soce vicAre kamala ke andara itane prAsakta ho jAte haiM ki usI meM banda hokara apane prANoM ko bhI visarjana kara dete haiM / usI prakAra yaha saMsArI prANI hitAhita ke viveka se zUnya rahakara yaha vicAra nahIM karatA ki ina viSayoM kA upabhoga mahAtmA puruSoM ne nahIM kiyA hai- ye sarvadA rahane vAle nahIM haiM - dekhate-dekhate naSTa hone vAle haiM tathA zrAtma svabhAva ke pratikUla hokara prAraNI ko narakAdi durgatiyoM meM le jAne vAle haiM aura una viSayoM meM prAsakta hokara bhramara ke samAna janma-maraNa Adi ke dukhoM ko sahana kiyA karatA hai / karmoM kI gati ko nitya prati sabhI dekhate zrIra jAnate haiM ki pUrva puNya ke kAraNa tIrthaMkara, cakra - vartI, rAjA, mahArAjA Adi padoM kI prApti hotI hai / pUrva karma ke kAraNa hI eka rAjA banatA hai 'zrIra dUsarA jIva usakA naukara banatA hai ! yadi isa karma siddhAnta para vizvAsa karake jIva yaha soce ki yaha rAjA bhaura meM inakA naukara hU~ bhAkhira yaha viSamatA kyoM ? viSamatA isIlie hai ki rAjA hone vAle jIva ne pUrva paryAyoM meM zubha kArya karake puNya kA upArjana kiyA hai jisase unheM manavAMchita sukha dAsa dAsI aneka rAniyAM lakSmI evaM vaibhava prAdi prApta hue haiM aura maiMne pUrva paryAya meM aise nimna kArya karake pApa karma upArjita kiye 'haiM jisase mujhe pratikSaraNa dAsatA sahanakara apamAna pUrvaka jIvana vyatIta karanA par3a rahA hai / vaise to karmoM ne kisI ko chor3A nahIM hai maryAdA puruSottama rAma kA udAharaNa sabhI jAnate haiN| eka tarapha rAjyAbhiSeka hone vAlA hai aura dUsarI tarapha 14 varSa kA ghora banavAsa ho jAtA hai ! banavAsa meM bhI zAMti nahIM milatI hai-- kabhI kisI se saMgharSa, kabhI kisI ko rakSA ! sItA ke karma kA udaya dekho - kahAM to itane balazAlI balabhadra kI rAnI sItA rAjamahala ke sukhoM kA upabhoga karatI hai auaura kahAM jaMgala kI patharIlI bhUmi para paidala calakara jaMgalI jAnavaroM ke madhya nivAsa hotA hai yaha hai karma dvArA prApta sukha aura dukha ! pUrvabhava meM jisa jIva ne jaise karma kiye haiM usake udaya meM zrAne para phala kI prApti tadanusAra hotI hI hai ! isa karma siddhAnta ko par3hakara prANiyoM ko yahI zikSA grahaNa karanI cAhie ki zubha kArya kareM jisase puNyopArjana hokara sukha prApta ho / isI sandarbha meM prAcAryoM ne likhA hai devapUjA, gurupAsti, svAdhyAya saMyamastapaH / dAnaMzceti gRhasthANAM, SaTkarmAriNa dinedine / arthAt pratyeka gRhastha ko devapUjA, guru kI upAsanA, prAcArya praNIta granthoM kA svAdhyAya, yathA zakti tapa aura saMyama tathA satpAtra ko dAna ye 6 zubha kArya nityaprati karanA cAhie jisase puNya bandha hogA aura paraMparA se samyaktva pUrvaka hone se nirvANa kI prApti bhI ho jAvegI jahAM para kama kA sarvathA prabhAva ho jAtA hai / samyaktva evaM saMyama grahaNa karake zubha karma karate hue apanI zrAtmA ko pavitra nirmala banA lenA cAhie yahI nirvAraNa mahotsava varSa kI sArtha - katA hogI !

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svatantra cetanA ke sajaga praharI mahAvIra - sAdhvIzrI kanakazrIjI darpaNa jitanA adhika svaccha aura nirmala hotA hai, bAhaya padArtha utanI hI spaSTatA se usameM pratibimbita hote haiM / ghuMdhalA darpaNa kisI bhI bimba ko spaSTa abhivyakti nahIM de sakatA / mahAvIra kI cetanA svaccha darpaNa ke samAna thI / ataH vizva cetanA usameM apane yathArtha rUpa meM pratibimbita huii| unhoMne dekhA hara cetanazIla prANI meM vikAsa kI ananta sambhAvanAeM haiM para unakI abhivyakti kA eka mAtra anubandha hai svatantratA / vyakti taba taka apane vyaktitva kA svatantra nirmANa nahIM kara sakatA jaba taka use jIne kI svatantratA na ho, socane kI svatantratA na ho, vicArAbhivyakti kI svatantratA na ho bhaura kucha karane kI svatantratA na ho / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sarvajJatA prApti se pUrva bhI yaha tIvratA se anubhava kiyA ki Aja vizva cetanA kI sabase bar3I chaTapaTAhaTa aura akulAhaTa hai svatantratA prApti kI / lekina sAmAjika, rAjanItika aura dhArmika mUlya hI kucha aise bana cuke haiM, jinake AdhAra para usa vyakti yA samUha ko pratiSThA prApta hotI hai, jo dUsaroM kI svatantra - cetanA para apanA adhika se adhika prabhutva sthApita kara sake / mahAvIra ne ina mUlyoM kA pratirodha kiyA aura sAmAjika rAjanaitika aura AdhyAtmika kSetra meM vaiyaktika svatantratA kI prANa-pratiSThA kI / phira bhI prAzcarya hotA hai, kucheka vyakti vizvAtmA ke sAtha samatva kI anubhUti karane vAle bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vicAroM meM bhI zradhinAyakavAda ke darzana karate haiM / maiMne sunA eka sAmyavAdI vicAraka ke muMha se ki- mahAvIra adhinAyakavAda ke samarthaka the / ve I

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1-40 eka mahatvAkAMkSI kSatriya putra the / unake pitA kA bola sakate the ki-"merI prAjJA meM dharma hai" rAjya choTA thaa| pracalita paramparA ke anusAra apitu ve vyakti ke svatantra-cintana kI kitanA ve usake uttarAdhikArI hote / para mahAvIra mahatva dete the, yaha paDhie unhIM ke zabdoM meMko itane choTe se rAjya kA zAsaka honA pasanda "maima pAsa"-he matimAn ! tU dekh| tU nahIM thaa| pratikriyA svarUpa unhoMne dUsarA mArga svayaM cintanazIla hai ataH svayaM tatva ko pahacAna / cunA / saMnyAsa svIkAra kara kaThora sAdhanA kii| kyA AdezAtmaka padAvali itanI sukomala ho sakatIhai ? loka-saMgraha kiyA aura bahuta bar3A dhArmika-samAja mahAvIra ne kabhI nahIM kahA-jo maiM kahatA khar3A kara liyaa| kSatriya-sulabha hukUmata kI nIti hUM, vahI tuma maano| pratyuta unhoMne kahA--"se taM mora sAmrAjyavAdI manovRtti miTI nahIM thI isalie jANaha, jamahaM bemi |"-jo maiM kaha rahA hUM, tuma ve apane dharma-samAja para chA gae mora hukUmata kI bhI usakI pratyakSa anubhUti kro| bhASA meM bole-"prANAe mAmarga dhammaM |"-merii unhoMne kahA-pApa karma prakaraNIya hai prataH mAjJA meM dharma hai / ataH jo maiM kahU~gA, vahI tumheM tuma unakA anveSaNa mata kro| para isalie nahIM karanA hai, panyathA dharma bhraSTa ho jaaoge| isa ki maiMne usakA niSedha kiyA hai, apitu svayaM apanI prakAra mahAvIra ne vyakti ke vicAra-svAtantrya kI sampUrNa-prajJA se soco aura unakI eSaNA ko hatyA kara dii|" chor3o-"se vasumaM sava samannAgaya pannANeNaM mujhe pAzcarya mizrita kheda ho rahA thA, yaha appAgoNaM prakaraNijjaM pAvaM kamma, taMNo annnnesi"| sunakara . vastutaH yaha cintana tathyahIna, nirAdhAra ziSya ne bhI uttara meM yaha nahIM kahA ki bhante! paura bhrAmaka hai| jahAM taka maiMne jAnA aura smjhaa| yadi ApakA pAdeza hai to maiM aba pApa nahIM kruuNgaa| hai. bhagavAna mahAvIra ne vaiyaktika svatantratA ko lekina usane kahAjitanA mahatva diyA aura usakI svatantra cetanA ko ___ "taM No karissAmi samuTThAe, kucala dene vAle dhanAdhIzoM, maThAdhIzoM aura sAmantoM bhaMtA maimaM abhaya viditaa|" kA jitanA virodha kiyA utanA zAyada hI kisI maMte ! maiM prAtmopalabdhi ke lie samudyata ho mahApuruSa ne kiyA ho| .. tatkAlIna samAja vyavasthA meM pracalita jAti- gayA hai ataH aba pApa nahIM kruuNgaa| kyoMki vAda, dAsaprathA aura upanivezavAda, sacamuca mAnavIya maine isameM prabhaya jAnA hai aura pApa maya pravRtti ko svatantratA ko kucala dene vAle upakrama the| mahAvIra svayaM ke lie ahitakara mAnA hai| ne unake viruddha AvAja utthaaii| unhoMne kahA yadyapi bhagavAn ne "prANAe saDDhI se mehAvI" saba prANI svatantratA- priya haiN| ataH una para kaha kara sAdhanA kSetra meM zraddhA para bahuta bala diyA balAt apane vicAra thopanA, unheM anuzAsita karanA para sAtha-sAtha apane ziSyoM ko tarka saMzaya aura aura una para apanA Adhipatya sthApita karanA jijJAsA ke unmukta mAkAza meM ur3Ana bharane kI ghora sAmAjika aura naitika aparAdha hai / vastutaH bhI khulI chUTa dI thii| unhoMne kabhI nahIM kahAkoI bhI prANI kisI ke dvArA prAjJApayitavya aura ahata bANA, muni, smRti aura vedoM kI taraha prataparigrahItavya nahIM hai|' karaNIya hai| balki unhoMne spaSTa rUpa se kahA- jo bhagavAn mahAvIra mahAn ahiMsaka the| jabarana saMzaya karanA jAnatA hai, vaha saMsAra ko jAnatA hai kisI para apane vicAra thopane ko ve hiMsA mAnate. aura jo saMzaya karanA nahIM jAnatA vaha saMsAra ko the| isa sthiti meM bhalA hakamata kI bhASA meM kaise bhI nahIM jAnatA / 1. AcArAMga 4-2-23

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Education International w rAjasthAna ke mukhyamantrI zrI harideva jozI mahAvIra nirvANotsava san 1974 para vizAla janasamUha ko sambodhita karate hue /

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ina saba sandarbhoM ko par3ha lene ke pazcAt isa jijJAsA kA ubharanA svAbhAvika hI hai ki mahAvIra ne vyakti kI svatantra - cetanA aura prajJA-jAgaraNa ko itanA mahatva dete hue bhI dharma-saMgha meM apanI prAjJA ko sarvopari kaise mAnA ? isa pariprekSya meM yaha vAkya kucha Alocya ho jAtA hai| hAlAMki isa vAkya kA pAramparika artha hama yahI karate haiM ki bhagavAn ne kahA hai merI zrAjJA meM dharma hai / " lekina lagatA haiM hama mUla artha se bahuta dUra cale gae haiN| isakA kAraNa hai zabda kI anekArthatA mAtra zabdAtmA ko pakar3ane vAlA usakI gaharAI meM pahuMca nahIM sakatA | yaha saca hai ki mahAvIra ne "AraNAe mAmagaM dharmma" kA udghoSa kiyA thaa| para Alocya yaha hai ki "AkhAe" se unakA abhipra eta kyA thA ? deza, kAla kI paristhitivaza zabda kA arthabodha bhI badala jAtA hai / vaha utkarSa zrora zrapakarSa ke jhUle meM jhUlatA rahatA hai / " prANA" zabda bhI isakA apavAda nahIM raha sakA / " mAraNA" kA saMskRta rUpa AjJA banatA hai jo "jJAMzU pravabodhane - "dhAtu se niSpanna huA hai / ataH usakA maulika artha jJAna hI hotA hai|" AsamantAt jJAyate anayA sA prajJA" / 'jJAna' zabda bhI isa dhAtu se vyutpanna hai / isa dRSTi se AjJA aura jJAna- donoM ekArthaka haiM / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki 'prajJA' kA artha kevala Adeza yA anuzAsana hI nahIM, jJAna bhI hai / yugapradhAna vAcaka pramukha prAcArya zrI tulasI ke sAnidhya meM zrAcArAMga sUtra kA svAdhyAya karate samaya yaha pratIta huA ki hama isa laghu vAkya kA kitanA viparIta artha karate pA rahe haiM / AcArya zrI ne batAyA ki 'prANAe' yaha saptamyanta pada nahIM prapitu 'kvA' pratyayAnta pada honA caahie| ataH 'prAjJA meM' kI apekSA - prAjJAya -- " jAnakara" yaha marthaM adhika upayukta pratIta hotA hai / 1-41 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne muni dharma kA pratipAdana karate hue kahA- ve antara aura bAhya granthiyoM se uparata muni mere dharma ko jAnakara, usakA prAjIvana samyak anupAlana karate haiM / vRttikAra ne bhI isake do artha kie haiM / pahale - - ' prajJA se mere dharma kA samyak anupAlana kareM / " yaha artha bhI jJAnaparaka hI hai| yAnI jJAnapUrvaka dharma kA anupAlana kreN| dUsarA artha isa prakAra kiyA hai ki dharma merA hai, ataH usakA tIrthaMkara kI prajJA se samyak zranupAlana karU / --- " mAmarga dhammaM " yaha karma-pada hai ataH 'ANAe ' kA artha AjJAya - jAnakara hI tarka-saMgata ho sakatA hai / yadi 'AgAe' ko saptamyanta-pada mAneM to bhI usakA artha yahI ho sakatA hai ki merA dharma zrAjJA meM, arthAt jJAna meM hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA kA lakSaNa jJAna hai / ataH ukta vAkya kA yaha artha bhI ho sakatA hai ki merA dharma AjJA meM arthAt jJAna meM hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA kA lakSaNa jJAna hai | ataH ukta vAkya kA yaha artha bhI ho sakatA hai ki merA dharma -- prarthAt svabhAva jJAna meM hai / ukta sabhI dRSTiyoM se yaha bhrama nirAdhAra siddha ho jatA hai ki mahAvIra ne hukUmata kI bhASA meM kahA ki merI AjJA meM dharma hai| yadi unhoMne aisA kahA hotA to niHsandeha isa vAkya kI saMghaTanA isa prakAra hotI -- " zrAraNAe mAmagAe dhammaM," para yahAM 'mAmarga' zabda dharma kA vizeSaNa hai na ki 'AgAe' kA / bhagavAn mahAvIra mahAn ahiMsaka the / zrataH prAdezAtmaka bhASA kA prayoga to dUra, prabuddha vyakti ke lie ve upadeza bhI Avazyaka nahIM mAnate the / unhoMne kahA " udde zo pAsagassa natthi " -- dRSTA ko upadeza kI apekSA nahIM / ve apanI sampUrNa jAgRta cetanA se jana-jana ke antazcantaya ko jagAnA cAhate the / apanI prakhara jJAna razmiyoM se vizva cetanA ko 3

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1-42 ta karane vAlI eka-eka parata ko cIra kara prastu, bhagavAna mahAvIra ne vyakti kI svatantrause dIvya pAloka se bhara denA cAhate the| isI cetanA ko kuNThita nahIM kiyA apitu ve vyakti kI pavitra-anuSThAna ke lie unhoMne apanI sampUrNa svatantra cetanA ke sajaga-praharI the| unhoMne yuga-yuga zakti lagA dii| se rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, vaiyaktika aura prAdhyAtmika eka kSaNa ke lie yadi mAna bhI leM ki paratantratA kI kArA meM chaTapaTAte hue vizva-mAnava mahAvIra ne apanI AjJA ke pratiSThAna para apane ko svayaM astitva aura kartRtva kA bodha diyaa| vizAla dharma saMgha ko pratiSThita kiyA thA, to bhI svatantratA kA bodha diyaa| usako prApta karane ke unakI AjJA meM kisI bhI taTastha vicAraka ko lie samyaka dizA-bodha diyA aura usa dizA meM adhinAyakavAda ke darzana nahIM hote| kyoMki mahAvIra Aga bar3hane ke lie use gatizIlatA bhI pradAna kI prAjJA vahAM jAkara parisampanna huI thI, jahAM ve kii| sampUrNa satya ko upalabdha ho cuke the| ve satyamaya phalataH usa yuga meM parivyApta jAtivAda, dAsabana cuke the| vyakti aura satya kA dvaidha miTa gayA prathA, sAmrAjyavAdI manovRtti, aura upniveshthaa| ataH mahAvIra kI prAjJA vyakti kI prAjJA paramparA Adi kI jar3eM hila gii| nahIM thI, apitu satya kI AjJA thii| unako kendra mAnakara calane vAlA koI bhI vyakti cetanA ke usa parama tejasvI puruSa ke alaukika svatantratAAvaraNoM ko kSINa kara usa parama satya ko prApta saMgrAma ne yuga-cetanA ko bandhana mukta kiyA hai kara sakatA hai| aura yuga-yuga taka mukti kI preraNA detA rhegaa| sarvathA prAtarutthAya puruSeNa sucetasA / kuzalAkuzalaM svasya cintanIyaM vivekata H // -padmapurANa 46-130 ___ arthaH-manuSya ko prAtaHkAla uThakara sabase pahale apanI kuzalatA aura akuzalatA athavA hita aura ahita ke sambandha meM vivekapUrvaka cintavana karanA caahiye|

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bhagavAna mahAvIra aura nArI jAgati -munizrI mohanalAlajI 'zArdUla' pAgalA kI lahara binA kisI bheda-bhAva ke divya-dRSTi pradAna kii| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yuga jAgaraNa kA yuma / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vyakti ko ucca aura zreSTha, paa| pratyeka kSetra jAgRti kI sura-saritA se abhi- jAti tathA aizvarya se nahIM kintu sadAcAra evaM sadvikta huA thaa| jaise sUryodaya hote hI samagra vAtA guNoM ke AdhAra para maanaa| dharaNa parivartita ho jAtA hai. saba sthAnoM meM prakAza apane sukha dukha kA, unnati-avanati kA, pragati, pahuMca jAtA hai aura samasta prANI jAga uThate haiM. pratigati aura vikAsa evaM hrAsa kA samagra uttara. dAyitva vyakti ko sauMpA / usako hI apane jIvana baise hI bhagavAna mahAvIra ko prAtmajJAna hote hI bAgaraNa kI eka kamanIya lahara samagra kSetroM meM daur3a kA nirmAtA, apane bhAgya kA vidhAtA mAnA aura use ucca se ucca prAtma-vikAsa ke lie udbuddha gaI thii| jIvana kA pratyeka spandana pulakita aura evaM upayukta kiyA / jhaMkRta ho uThA thaa| saba jagaha eka naI jyoti prasArita aura saMcArita ho gaI thii| jAgaraNa kI ____ bhagavAna mahAvIra ne prAriNa-ekatva tayA prAriNa samatva kI pratiSThA kii| unhoMne udghoSaNA kI maharI uttarottara vizAla banatI gaI thii| "prANI-prANI parama svarUpa se eka haiM / saba samAna tatkAlIna viparyaya haiM aura sabako Atmika-vikAsa ke lie sadRza adhiusa samaya sabase bar3A viparyaya mAnyatAoM meM kAra hai| ucca-nIca kI rekhA khIMcakara unameM bhedthaa| siddhAnta bahata hI bhrAmaka aura viparIta DAlanA mahApApa hai| bar3e-choTe kI dIvAra khar3I pracalita ho gaye the| AtmA kA to koI astitva karanA asAmAjika aura amAnavIya hai| hI nahIM raha gayA thA / saba kucha Izvara kI muTThI dharma aura Izvara ke nAma para mUka prANiyoM kI meM banda kara diyA gayA thaa| apane sukha du kha kA pAhUti denA dhora pApa hai aura nirvala jIvoM para pradhIza vyakti nahIM, kintu bhagavAna thA / manuSyoM meM bhISaNa atyAcAra hai| isa prakAra ke vicAra sapreSita kiye jAte the ki ve nArI jAgati apane kA hIna-dIna aura Izvara ke hAtha kI kaTha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dRSTi parama sUkSma thii| putalI smjhe| jAti-garva aura jAti-hInatA kI usa meM antima satya hI prativimbita huA thaa| bheda kutsita dhAraNA bhI bar3e vizAla dAyare meM phailI huI jo vAstavika nahIM hai, kevala kalpanA, prajJAna aura kii| nArI ko eka tuccha da sI se adhika kucha nahIM vibhAva se prasata hai. unakI sammati meM kabhI nahIM mAnA jAtA thaa| usake saba adhikAra kucala diye utara paayaa| prAtmA meM unheM kabhI bheda dRSTigocara nahIM humA / unhoMne kahA- prAtmA AtmA hI hai| sAhmavIra ko krAnti 'na ityI, na puruSe, na anahA" (prAcArAMga)-vaha bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ina saba viSayoM meM apane na strI hai, na puruSa aura na anya kuch| bAhya prazA. va sAdhanA bala se adbhuta krAnti kii|. naye kSamatAoM ke prAdhAra para usameM bheda nahIM hotaa| sire se siddhAntoM kI sthApanA kara samasta janatA ko antima artha meM vaha eka samAna hai| gaye the|

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1-44 unmukta kiye| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI cetanA meM strI puruSa kA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jo ki samatva ke praharI the, bheda pAyA hI nhiiN| unhoMne AdhyAtmika vikAsa nirbhayatApUrvaka nArI-jAgaraNa kA bigula bajAyA / aura sva sAdhanA ke lie unameM koI rekhA nahIM unhoMne anekoM mahArAniyoM aura rAjakumAriyoM ke khiiNcii| jisa parama pada ko puruSa pA sakatA hai| jIvana meM caitanya kI jyoti jalAI / tuccha se tuccha usako nArI bhI prapane meM prakaTa kara sakatI hai| prabodha samajhI jAne vAlI abalAmoM meM bhI unhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIra ne nArI svAtantrya aura nArI ucca evaM mahAn bhAvanAmoM ko pratiSThita kiyA / samatva kI ghoSaNA hI nahIM kI apitu vyAvahArika sAdhvayo ke samAna hI unakI zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA kSetra meM usakI avatAraNA bhI kii| rAjakumArI bhI bar3I vizAla thI / aneka zramaraNopa sikAeM dharmacandana bAlA jo vikrIta hokara dAsI jIvana vyatIta zraddhA aura dharma-dRDhatA meM advitIya thiiN| kucheka kara rahI thii| unhone use dIkSita kara 36 hajAra tatva jJAna aura dharma carcA meM bahuta nipuraNa thii| sAdhviyoM kI mukhiyA bnaayaa| sulasA, jayantI aura revatI Adi aneka zrAvikAeM ___ sAdhu ke samAna hI sAdhvI ko bhI hara pada kI aisI thIM, jo kisI diggaja vidvAn se bhI binA adhikAriNI hone kA vidhAna banAyA / upAdhyAyA jhijhaka dharma-vivAda kara sakatI thii| vivAda hI aura prAcAryA taka ke vyavasthA pada usake lie nahIM apane tarka-zraddhA, prAcAra aura pratibhA bala se unheM niruttara karaparAsta kara DAlatI thii| tatkAlIna samAja meM nArI kA sthAna jaina dharma meM strI kA gaurava sadA se rahA hai| , yadyapi tAtkAlIna samAja-vyavasthA meM nArI isa avasapiNI kAla meM sarva prathama mukti gamana kA pUrNa rUpaye upekSita aura pada-dalita kara dI gaI zreSThatama zreya zrI RSabhanAtha svAmI kI mAtuzrI thii| usakA samAja meM koI sthAna hI nahIM raha gayA marudevA kI hai| jinhoMne hAthI para baiThe baiThe nirmohthaa| vaha mAtra bhoga kI sAmagrI samajhI jAtI thii| dazA meM uttara kara kaivalya prApta kiyaa| use zikSA ke ayogya karAra de diyA gayA thaa| / 'strIzUdrau nAdhIyatAm" aise atyAcAra mUlaka sUtra / brahmI, sundarI jo ki AdinAtha bhagavAn kI grathita kiye gye| use krIta dAsI se adhika kucha putriyAM thI, pravajita bana kara parama tatva meM lIna thaa| nahIM mAnA jAtA thaa| aAtmika-utthAna aura dhArmika-pAcaraNa para bhI use koI svataMtratA nahIM mallI kumArI to 19vAM tIrthakara huI hai| jaina thii| puruSa kI chAyA mAtra banA rahanA hI usakA kA sabase utkRSTa aura sarvottama pada usane paayaa| kA dharma thaa| usake cAroM ora aisI majabUta dIvAreM rAjimatI, jisase bhagavAn neminAtha ne pazuoM khar3I kara dI gaI thIM ki vaha apane viSaya meM koI kA karuNa kadana sunakara muMha mor3a liyA thA, . bhI prAvAja bulanda nahIM kara pAtI thii| viraha-vidagdha banakara vibhrAnta nahIM banI, pratyuta nirantara kI upekSA aura prabala mAghAtoM se viveka pUrvaka parama sAdhya ke lie agrasara huI thI mahilA samAja meM hIna bhAvanA ghara kara gaI thii| aura patita hote ratha nemi ko udbodha dekara bacAyA apane sAmarthya aura svatva ko uddIpta tathA vikasita thaa| kitane nAma lie jAeM anekoM aisI sannAriyAM karane, kA bhAva kuNThita bana cukA thaa| apane huI haiM, jinhoMne zIla meM, sahiSNutA meM aura dharma aucitya ke viSaya meM usakA mana TUTa cukA thaa| zraddhA meM puruSoM se bhI baDhA caDhA zIyaM dikhAyA hai| samAja kA eka eka sabala aMga poSaNa ke prabhAva meM jinake ucca AdarzoM ke prAge mastaka svayaM vinata prakSana aura bekAra banatA calA jA rahA thaa| ho jAtA hai|

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1-45 strI samAja kI nirmAtrI hai, saMrakSikA hai aura vikaTa atyAcAra kA tUphAna usakI satya-zraddhA ko bhAgya vidhAtrI hai| santAnoM meM saMskAra nirmANa hilA nahIM sakatA aura koI bhI kaSTa kA sAgara kA kArya mAtAoM ke hAtha meM hI rahatA hai / ve jisa usake dhairya ko galA nahIM sktaa| sahiSNutA ke mRdutA aura sauhArda se samAja meM nirmANa kA variSTha viSaya meM vaha puruSavarga ke samakSa eka uccAdarza hai| kArya karatI haiM aneka pitA bhI nahIM kara skte| mahilA varga puruSa varga ke samAna hI hara kArya kisI kavi ne bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa udgAra vyakta kA dakSatA pUrvaka saMcAlana kara sakatA hai| mAdhyA. kiye haiM : tmika, zaikSaNika, sAhityika, vaijJAnika, rAjanaitika, . "sahasra'tu pitRn mAtA gauraveNAtiricyate" vyAvasAyika aura pArizramika pradi pratyeka kSetra meM . hajAroM pitAmoM se eka mAtA gaurava meM zreSTha mahilAeM apanI adbhuta kSamatA pradarzita kara cukI hotI hai| kisI pAzcAtya vicAraka ne kahA hai- haiN| phira bhI puruSa varga unheM samAnatA kA adhikAra 'eka jananI sau adhyApakoM se baDhakara saMskAra zikSA nahIM de pA rahA hai| apane pairoM tale rauMdane kI tAka detI hai|' meM baiThA hai deza-videzoM meM nArI svAtantrya ke kitane ___ manusmRti meM manu maharSi ne bhI nArI ke prati hI prAndolana cala rahe haiN| kitanI hI krAnti kI bar3I pratiSThAmayI aura ucca bhAvanA prakaTa kI hai- cinagAriyAM uchala rahI haiM lekina puruSa varga kI / "yatra nAryastu pUjyante ramante tatra devatAH" mAtmA prabhI jAgRta nahIM ho paaii| ... jahAM nArI kI pUjA hotI hai, vahAM devatA ramaNa puruSa samudAya ko yaha pUrNa nizcaya kara lenA karate haiN| vastutaH hI nArI samAja kA mahatvapUrNa cAhiye ki nArI jAgaraNa meM hI samAja jAgaraNa ardhAMga hai| samAja vikAsa ke anuSThAna meM puruSa se nihita hai| samAja kA sarvAgINa utthAna evaM bhI adhika bhUmikA vaha adA karatI hai| use kalyANa mahilA-usthAna tathA mahilA kalyANa para prazikSita, upekSita aura adhikAra hIna rakhanA samAja hI nirbhara hai| ko adhika vikala banAnA hai| prastuta varSa bhagavAn mahAvIra nirvANotsava ke nArI yathArtha meM sadguNoM kA puja hai| usakI rUpa meM manAyA jA rahA hai aura sAtha hI yaha antara vimala vizeSatAoM para samAja kA mahAprasAda rASTrIya nArI varSa bhI udghoSita ho cukA hai| avicala khar3A hai / itihAsa sAkSI hai logoM ne usa aise supravasara para puruSa varga kA kartavya hai ki nArI para bhISaNa atyAcAra kiye haiM, para usakI sahiSNuta! ko zikSA dIkSA ke lie unmukta kare aura usake kabhI nahIM ttuuttii| koI bhI yAtanA kA sUrya usakI sarvAMgINa vikAsa ke lie usako usakA svAmitva sahiSNutA ko uttapta nahIM kara sakatA, vikaTa se sauMpakara mamAja ko unnati ke zikhara para car3hAe /

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mahAvIra kI khidamata sAdhvIzrI zrAnandazrIjI zramaNa saMskRti ke sUtradhAra bhagavAna mahAvIra Aja se karIba paccIsa sau varSa pUrva isa dharatI para zrAye the| unakI paccIsavIM nirvAraNa zatAbdI kA yaha antima varSa hai / isa avasara para rASTrIya aura antarrASTrIya stara para samAroha manAne ke aneka upakrama cala rahe haiM / yaha vAstava meM utsAhavardhaka hai, lekina mahAvIra kI saccI upAsanA tabhI hogI jaba ki hama unake dvArA pradatta sandezoM ko jIvana meM kriyAnvita kara pAyeMge / hamAre lie yahI sarvottama zreya kA mArga hogaa| mujhe isa sandarbha meM bauddha itihAsa kI eka ghaTanA yAda A rahI hai| kahate haiM ki prAcArya bodhidharma jatra cIna gaye, to vahA~ kA samrATa unake darzanArtha pahuMcA aura praNAma karake nivedana kiyA - prabho ! maiMne aneka buddha maMdira, vihAra, anAthAzrama, dharmazAlAeM tathA davAkhAne banavAye haiM kyA ye mere lie zreyaskara hoMge ? AcArya ne kahA - "nahIM !" sAzcarya samrATa ne phira pUchA - "deva, tathAgata kA sandeza ghara-ghara pahuMcAne hetu maiMne sthAna-sthAna para dUta bheje haiM, tripiTakoM kI hajAroM pratiyA~ likhavA kara vitarita kI haiN| kyA yaha mere lie kalyANakArI hogA ?" bodhidharma ne puna: kahA - "nahIM !" samrATa ne apane bhAvAveza ko dabAte hue jijJAsA prastuta kI - " taba Apa hI batAie, merA kalyANa kisa cIja se hogA ?" samAdhAna kI bhASA meM prAcArya ne kahA"zIla kI sAdhanA hI kalyANa kA mArga hai / madiroM kA nirmANa, dharma pracAra, zAstra lekhana - ye saba ullAsakArI kriyA kalApa haiM / zIla kI sAdhanA se inake mahatva meM cAra cA~da laga ja te haiN|' sacamuca zatAbdI kI vAstavika saphalatA tabhI sambhava hai jaba hamArI gati, mati, kRti va saMskRti meM hiMsA kA nAda gUMja utthe| yahI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sabase bar3I khidamata hogI / "

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eka sthAyI samAdhAna sAdhvI pramukhA zrI kanakaprabhAjI bhagavAna mahAvIra ne saMsAra ko jo tatva-darzana eka vyakti se pUchA gayA-tuma koI sAmajika diyA vaha asAdhAraNa hai / ahiMsA, aparigraha aura kAma karanA cAhate ho kyA ? usane uttara diyAanekAnta isa tatvatrayI meM sAre hitoM kI saMbhAvanA garIbI kI sthiti meM maiM kucha nahIM kara sakatA / nihita hai| yadi mere pAsa paccAsa hajAra rupaye ho jAe to maiM samAja sevA kA vrata le sakatA huuN| usakA saMkalpa mAja logoM ke pAkarSaNa kA sabase bar3A kendra phalA aura agale sAla hI paccAsa hajAra rupaye use hai parigraha / loga kalpanA karate haiM, zAnti-prApti prApta ho ge| aba usake sAmane vahI prazna prAyA kA mAdhyama koI hai to vaha dhana vaibhava hI hai| to vaha bolA-isa yuga meM paccAsa hajAra kI kImata isalie parigraha ke sImAkaraNa kI bAta se log| hI kyA hai ? lakhapati bana jAUM to kAma karU / sahamata nahIM ho rahe haiM / satya yaha hai ki parigraha kI lakhapati banane ke bAda vaha koTyAdhIza banane kI sImA kie binA sukha nahIM mila sktaa| kalpanA karatA hai / isa prakAra socane vAlA vyakti manuSya kI AvazyakatAeM sImita hai, para karmakSetra meM nahIM utara sktaa| mAkAMkSAmoM kA akalpita vistAra ho rahA hai| - saMsAra kA hara vyakti AkAMkSAmo se prAkrAnta pAvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ho sakatI hai, para hai| bhagavAna ne sukha kA mArga batAte hue kahA hai mAkAMkSAmo kA garta nahIM bhara sktaa| manuSya kI mAkAMkSAeM duHkha kA srota haiN| dukha se chuTakArA sabase bar3I AvazyakatA hai- bhojana, vastra, cikitsA pAnA hai to bhAkAMkSAoM para niyantraNa kro| aura shikssaa| rASTra ke hara nAgarika ke lie inakI 'icchA-parimANa-vrata' isI tathya kaH pratIka hai| vyavasthA Avazyaka hai, para inakI pUrti hone kI apekSAvaza vyakti karor3a rupayA bhI rakha sakatA hai, sthiti meM jaba vaha apanI AkAMkSA ko bar3hA letA para anAvazyaka saMgraha praucitya kA laMghana hai / eka hai, taba samasyA paidA ho jAtI hai| vyakti karor3oM kI sAmagrI hone para bhI saMyama se rahatA hai aura eka sAdhAraNa vyakti bhI dina-rAta saMsArI vyakti aparigrahI nahIM bana sakatA, bhogoM meM prAzakta rahatA hai| yaha mAnasika saMyama kintu parigraha aMkuza to lagA sakatA hai| bhagavAna kI bhinnatA hai| ne kahA hai-"icchAhu prAgAsa-samA paMNatayA" do bhAI the| eka sarakArI naukara thA aura icchAeM AkAza ke samAna ananta haiN| saMkalpazakti dUsarA apanA kAma karatA thaa| sarakArI naukarI ke dvArA inakA samIkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| karane vAle ne apane dUsare bhAI ko parAmarza diyA saMkalpa-zakti ke prabhAva meM jitanI AvazyakatAeM 'tuma bhI merI taraha naukarI kara lo bhaura ArAma se. pUrI hotI haiM, AkAMkSAe utanI hI bar3ha jAtI haiN| raho / kyoM nirarthaka itanA zrama kara rahe ho ?'

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1-48 dusare bhAI ne kahA-"maiM to cAhatA hU~ ki hai| praNuvrato vaha ho sakatA hai jo sAdagI pora mApa apane zrama para nirbhara bana jAie, tAki naukarI santoSa se jIvana vyatIta karanA cAhatA hai / se hone vAlI beijjatI se baca skeN| prApa mere kAma ko kaSTakara batA rahe haiM, para mujhe svatantra raha aNuvrata kA vyApaka prasAra karane ke lie kara kAma karane meM mAnanda milatA hai| yaha cintana kevala sAdhu sAdhviyoM ko hI nahIM, gRhastha kArya kI bhinnatA hai ki eka hI kAma ko koI acchA kartAoM ko bhI taiyAra honA hai| gRhastha kAryakartA gAnanA hai aura koI buraa| paNa vrata kI yojanA ko tabhI kriyAnvita kara pAeMge jaba pahale ve svayaM aparigraha ko apanA pAkarSaNa yaha saca hai ki Aja vyApAriyoM ko aneka kaSToM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| isake lie ve kendra bnaaege| parigraha ke prati janatA kA jo vyavasthA aura sarakAra donoM ko doSI batAte haiN| jhukAva bar3ha rahA hai, vaha prAnanda meM bAdhA hai| prAtmApara isake sAtha yaha bhI cintanIya hai ki vyApArI nanda prApta karane ke lie sabase acchA upAya yahI svayaM apanI prAmANikatA kA kitanA dhyAna rakhate haiM ki vyakti apanI bhAkAMkSAoM ko ubharane kA haiM ? svayaM ko aprAmANikatA se sarakAra ke sAtha avakAza na / pramANikatA kI prAzA kaise kI jA sakatI hai ? bhagavAna mapAvIra ne 'icchA-parimANa' kA jo vyakti aprAmANika kyoM banatA hai? merI satra diyA hai vaha vartamAna yuga kI jvalanta samasyAoM dRSTi meM aprAmANikatA kA sabase bar3A hetu hai kA sthAyI samAdhAna hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra kI icchAnoM kA vistAra / AkAMkSApro ke vistAra se zatAbdI manAne kI sArthakatA isI meM hai ki unake rASTra kI naitikatA DAMvADola sthiti se gujara rahI siddhAntoM ko lokavyApI banAkara vizvazAnti kI hai| naitikatA kI nAva ko DUbane se bacAnA hai to sthApanA meM koI nayA kIrtimAna sthApita kiyA sabase pahale icchAoM kA alpIkaraNa karanA hogaa| jaae| isake lie parigraha kI daur3a meM prAge na bar3ha aNuvrata icchAoM ke alpIkaraNa meM vizvAsa kara pIche mur3akara dekhanA hogaa| AkAMkSAoM ke karake calatA hai / aNuvratI vaha ho sakatA hai jo sImAhIna vistAra ko eka paridhi meM kendrita karanA manAvazyaka prAkAMkSAmo se mukta hokara calatA hai| hogaa| anyathA AkAMkSAnoM kA yaha pravAha AtmapraNavatI vaha ho sakatA hai jo apavyaya se bacatA toSa ko apane sAtha bahA kara le jA sakatA hai|

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kI bhAratIya saMskRti meM jo kucha bhI zAzvata hai, jo kucha bhI udAtta evaM mahatvapUrNa hai, vaha saba tapasyA se sambhUta hai / tapasyA ke binA prAdarza jIvana nirarthaka hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra kA tapaHpUta jIvana mAtmA se paramAtmA banane kI kahAnI hai / pUrvA cAryoM ke kathanAnusAra bhagavAna kisI vAhya kAraNa tapaH sAdhanA ke binA hI viSayoM se virakta ho gae; kyoMki padArthoM kI sthiti jAnane vAlA mumukSu zAnti prApta karane ke lie sadA vAhya kAraNa ko nahIM dekhatA hai| bhagavAna ne nirmala avadhijJAna ke dvArA eka sAtha apane atIta bhavoM tathA uddaNDa indriyoM kI viSayoM meM hone vAlI atRpti kA isa prakAra vitana kiyA ki jisase unheM pUrvabhava kA saba vRttAnta prakaTa ho gyaa| padmacarita meM unhe svayaMbuddha vizeSaNa se vibhUSita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki ve samasta sampadA ko bijalI ke samAna kSaNabhaGa gura jAnakara virakta hue aura unake dIkSAphalyANaka meM lokA. ntika devoM kA Agamana huA / aTThAisa varSa sAta mAha bAraha dina gRhastha avasthA meM bitAkara SaSThopavAsa ke sAtha mArgazIrSa kRSNa dazamI ke dina jabaki candramA uttarAphAlgunI nakSatra para thA, mahAvIra ne dIkSA lii|| IsvI san ke anusAra dIkSA kI yaha tithi somavAra 29 disambara 569 I0 pUrva nizcita hotI hai / bAraha varSa pAMca mAha pandraha dina unhoMne tapa kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI tapaH sAdhanA bar3I kaThora thI / jaina granthoM meM -DA. ramezacandra jaina unakI tapazcaryA ke vividha rUpa milate haiM vardhamAna kaoNleja bijanaura, u. pra. acelakatva-digambara sAhitya ke anusAra bhagavAna ne dIkSA ke samaya samasta vastrAbhUSaNoM kA parityAga kara nagnAvasthA meM vihAra kiyA / zvetA.

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1-50 mbara paramparA ke anusAra paMcamuSThi lucana karane ke atyadhika sugandhita thA, phalasvarUpa cAra mAha se bAda jaba unheM manaHparyaya jJAna utpanna ho gayA taba adhika samaya taka aneka jAti ke prANI pAkara indra ne unheM eka devadUSya vastra pradAna kiyA, jise unake zarIra para rahane lage, zarIra para car3hakara unakI mahAvIra ne svIkAra kiyA / bhagavAna 13 mAha hiMsA karane lage-mAMsa khUna vagairaha cakhane lage / / taka usa vastra ko dhAraNa kie rahe, anantara ve bhagavAna mahAvIra daMzamazaka ke isa pariSaha ko vastra chor3akara acelaka ho ge| prAcArAGga sUtra samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karate rhe| ke prathama zru taskandha ke chaThe adhyayana uddezka 3 meM upavAsa-digambara granthoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra bhagavAna ne acelakatva kI prazaMsA kI hai| dvArA kie gae vividha upavAsoM kA vigatavAra daMzamazakapariSahajaya-dIkSA ke samaya bhagavAna varNana nahIM milatA hai, jabaki zvetAmbara granthoM meM ke zarIra meM sugandhita praGgarAga thA / 10 isake unakI tapasyAoM kA ullekha isa prakAra pAyA atirikta bhagavAna kA zarIra svAbhAvika rUpa se jAtA hai12 tapanAma saMkhyA usake dina varSa mAsa dina 1. chaha mAsa 2. pAMca dina kama cha:mAsa 1 4. caumAsI 9 4. tIna mAsI 2 b. aDhAI mAsI 2 6. do mAsI 7. Der3ha mAsI 8. mAsa kSamaNa 12 9 pakSa kSamaNa 72 10. sarvatobhadra pratimA 1 11. mahAbhadra pratimA / 12. aSTam 12 13. SaSTha 229 14. bhadra pratimA 15. dIkSA divasa 16. pAraNA. 349 * kula divasa 4515 6x30x1= 180 060 6x30-5 =175 4x30x9 - 1080 3x30x2 -180 20x30x2 -150 2x30x6 -360 // x 30x2 - 90 1x30x12 - 360 011x30x72 - 1080 10 divasa kI -10 4 divasa kI - 4 3x12 = 360 18 2x229 = 458 1 ) do dina kI - 2 0 0 1 eka dina kI 1 349 dina kI' -349 varSa 12 mAsa 6 dina 15

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ukta vivaraNa se jJAta hotA haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane chadmastha tapasyA kAla ke 12 varSa 6 mAsa aura 15 dina meM kevala 349 dina hI bhojana kiyaa| zeSa dinoM meM unhoMne nirjala upavAsa hI kie| ve gAMva yA zahara meM praviSTa hokara gRhastha ke dvArA apane parivAra ke poSaNa ke lie banAe gae AhAra meM se pratyanta zuddha nirdoSa zrAhAra kI gaveSaNA karate the aura usa nirdoSa AhAra ko saMyata yogoM se vivekapUrvaka sevana karate the 13 ve brAhmaNa, zramaNa, gAMva ke bhikhArI prathavA pratithi, cANDAla, billI, kuttA Adi nAnA prakAra ke yadi khar3e hoM to unakI vRtti kA bhaGga na karate hue mikSArtha gamana karate the 114 bhUkha se bubhukSita vAya' sAdi pakSiyo ko mArga meM gire hue anna ko khAte dekhakara ve unheM nahIM ur3Ate hue vivekapUrvaka calate the, jisase unake AhAra meM vighna na par3e 115 cAturmAsa - bhagavAna mahAvIra ne nirjana aura durUha vanoM meM vihArakara yogasAdhanA kI / vaha tIna dina se adhika eka sthAna para nahIM Thaharate the / varSA Rtu meM cAra mAha ve eka sthAna para rahate the / bAraha varSa kI tapasyA meM unhoMne bAraha cAturmAsa vibhinna sthAnoM para rahakara vyatIta kie / digambara granthoM meM unake nAma nahIM milate / zvetAmbara kalpasUtra ke anusAra bhagavAna ne pahalA cAturmAsa asthigrAma (varddhamAna) meM vyatIta kiyA / uparAnta unhoMne mAlandA, campApurI, pRSThacampA, bhaddIyA. AlabhikA, rAjagRha, lAr3ha, zrAvastI, vizAlA aura campApura meM turmAsa kie 128 siMhavRtti- - bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane tapaH kAla meM sahavRtti 17 dhAraNa kii| prAcArya guNabhadra anusAra yadyapi unake siMha ke samAna tIkSNa nakha aura tIkSNa dADheM nahIM thii| ve siMha ke samAna krUra nahIM the aura na siMha ke samAna unakI gardana para lAla bAla the, phira bhI zUravIratA, akelA rahanA tathA bana meM nivAsa karanA ina tIna vizeSatAoM maiM siMha kA anukaraNa karate the 148 1-51 1 zrAhAra- bhagavAna mahAvIra muni avasthA meM navadhAbhakti 19 pUrvaka diyA gayA prahAra grahaNa karate the / udAharaNArtha dIkSA lete hI DhAI dina kA anazana 2deg samApta kara ve kUlagrAmapurI ( kUlapura, kollaga sanniveza) phuNce| vahAM kUla nAmaka rAjA ne bhaktibhAva se yukta ho unake darzana kie, tIna pradakSiNAyeM dI, caraNoM meM sira jhukAkara namaskAra kiyA aura ghara para bhAI huI nidhi ke samAna unheM mAnA / rAjA ne zreSTha sthAna para baiThAyA, zradhaM Adi ke dvArA unakI pUjA kI, unake caraNoM ke samIpavartI bhUtala ko gandha Adi se vibhUSita kiyA aura mana, vacana, kAya kI zuddhi ke sAtha iSTa prayojana ko siddha karane vAlA paramAnna ( khIra kA prAhAra) diyA / ukta dAna ke phalasvarUpa unake ghara para paJcAzcarya 21 hue IryA samiti - bhagavAna mahAvIra puruSapramANa Age kI bhUmi ko dekhate hue Urdhva zakaravat (pIche se saMkSepa aura bhAge se vistAra vAlI ghuTTI kI taraha) dRSTi ko prAge rakhakara (dekhakara) apane mana ko IryAsamiti meM lagAkara calate the| usa samaya unake darzana se Dare hue bAlaka milakara dhUli se bharI huI muSTi ko mArakara kolAhala karate the 122 bhagavAna ise samabhAva pUrvaka sahana karate the / upasarga vijaya -- bhagavAna mahAvIra para bar3e bar3e daihika upasarga Ae jinakA varNana par3hate hI roMgaTe khar3e ho jAte haiM aura dila kAMpane lagatA hai / isa vizAla bhUtala para prasaMkhya mahApuruSa, pravatAra kahe jAne vAle viziSTa puruSa tathA tIrtha kara hue haiM. kintu itanI kaThina tapasyA karane vAlA koI dUsarA puruSa nahIM huA / bhayAnaka se bhayAnaka yAtanAthoM meM bhI unhoMne aparimita dhairya, sAhasa evaM sahiSNutA kA prAdarza upasthita kiyA / 23 eka dina ve ujjayinI ke pratimuktaka zmasAna meM pratimAyoga se virAjamAna the / unheM dekhakara mahAdeva nAmaka rudra me apanI duSTatA se unake dherya kI parIkSA karanA

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1-52 cAhI / usane rAtri ke samaya aise aneka bar3e bar3e (bauddhAdi) apane zarIra se cAra aGgala adhika vetAloM ke rUpa banAkara upasarga kiyA ki jo tIkSNa lambI lAThI lekara vahAM vicaraNa karate the| jaise camar3A chIlakara eka dUsare ke udara meM praveza karanA raNa meM hAthI vairI senA ko jItakara pAragAmI cAhate the, khole hue muhoM se pratyanta bhayaMkara dikhate hotA hai, usI prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra bhI usa the, aneka layoM se nAca rahe the tayA kaThora zabdoM lAr3ha deza meM parISaha rUpI senA ko jItakara pAraaTTahAsa aura vikarAladRSTi se DarA rahe the / inake gAmI hue 27 jaise kavaca Adi se saMvRta zUravIra sivAya rudra ne sarpa, hAthI, siMha, agni aura vAyu puruSa saMgrAma meM cAroM ora se zastrAdi kA prahAra ke sAtha bhIloM kI senA banAkara upasarga kiyA, hone para bhI Age bar3hatA calA jAtA hai, usI prakAra kintu vaha unheM samAdhi se vicalita nahIM kara zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra usa deza meM kaThina se skaa| anta meM vaha bhagavAna ke mahati aura mahAvIra kaThina pariSahoM ke hone para bhI dhairya rUpI kavaca se do nAma rakhakara aneka prakAra se stuti kara calA saMvRta hokara meru kI taraha sthiracitta hokara saMyama gayA 24 mArga para gatizIla the|28 . digambara jaina zAstroM meM uparyukta upasarga kA mahAmauna-jaina mAnyatAnusAra tIrtha kara hI ullekha hai, kintu zvetAmbarIya zAstroM meM mora chadmastha meM upadeza nahIM dete haiN| ve kaivalya prApti ke bhI kaI upasargoM kA varNana milatA hai| inameM bAda hI tadrUpa dezanA karate haiM / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra gopAla, zUla pAriNayakSa, sagamadeva, caNDakozika sarpa, mabhI chadmastha the| mati, zruta, avadhijJAta to unheM gau zAlaka aura lAr3hadeza ke anArya prajAjanoM dvArA janma se ho the aura dIkSA ke samaya mana; paryayajJAna pahuMcAI gaI pIr3AyeM bhagavAna kI ananta kSamatA bhI ho gayA thA para kaMvalya prApti meM kucha vilamba aura sahiSNutA kA jvalanta nidarzana haiM / jaba thaa| dIkSA ke pazcAt kaMvalyopalabdhi taka ve mauna bhagavAna mahAvIra anAryadeza meM bihAra kara rahe the, avasthA meM pravak rhe| isIlie unheM mahAmonI usa samaya puNyahIna pranArya vyaktiyoM ne bhagavAna ko aura pAkevalodayAnmaunI vizeSaNa die gae hai / 29 DaNDoM se mArakara ghAyala kiyA tathA bAloM ko . mahAzramaNatva-- tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ko mahAkhIMcanA bhAdi aneka prakAra kaSTa die, phira bhI ve zramaNa kahA jAtA hai| sthAnAGga sUtra ke anusAra abhivAdana karane vAle vyakti para prasanna hokara usase jisakI vRtti sarpa, giri, agni, sAgara, mAkAza, bAta nahIM karate the, jo vyakti abhivAdana nahIM vRkSa, bhramara, mRga, pRthvI, kamala, ravi aura pavana ke karatA thA, usa para krodha nahIM karate the| bhagavAna samAna hotI hai, ve zramaNa zreNI meM pAte haiM / jisa ko raha sAdhanA jana sAdhAraNa ke lie sulabha nahIM prakAra sapa apane lie pila nahIM banAtA uso thii|20 lAr3ha deza meM bhagavAna ko bahuta se upasarga prakAra zramaNa kA koI ghara nahIM hotA, jahAM kahIM hue| bahuta se logoM ne unheM mArA, pITA evaM unakA nivAsa ho jAtA hai| parISahoM meM utkampana dAMto aura nakhoM se unake zarIra ko kSatavikSata nahIM hone ke kAraNa unakI vRtti parvata ke samAna kiyaa| usa deza meM bhagavAna ne rukSa anna, pAtI vahI gaI hai / teja aura tamomaya hone ke ka.raNa agni kA sevana kiyaa| vahAM kuttoM ne bhagavAna ko kaattaa| ke samAna, gAmbhIrya athavA jJa nAdi ratnoM ke prAgAra usa deza meM aise kama vyakti the jo bhagavAna ko hone ke kAraNa sAgara ke samAna, saba jagaha nirA. kATate hue kuttoM se chur3Ate the| prAyaH loga kATate lambana hone se prAkAza ke samAna, sukha aura dukha meM hue kutoM ko chU chU kara kATane ke lie adhika vikAra na dikhalAne se vRkSa ke samAna, maniyatavRtti protsAhita karate the| aisI sthiti meM anya zramaNa hone se bhramara ke samAna, saMsAra ke bhaya se uhiNna.

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1-53 hone ke kAraNa mRga ke samAna, samasta khedoM ko muhUM tamAtra caMkramaNakara2 dhyAnasAdhanA karate the| sahane ke kAraNa pRthvI ke samAna, kAma-bhoga rahane vAhyatapa-vAraprabhu varSAkAla meM jabaki sArI pRthvI para bhI unameM nile patA hone ke kAraNa jala se prakRti meM jhaMjhAvAta ke ugra AloDana se tharrAtI huI bhinna kamala ke samAna, loka ke samAnya rUpa se dRSTigocara hotI usa samaya bhI dharyarUpI kavaca prakAzita hone ke kAraNa sUrya ke samAna tathA saba ko proDhakara kisI vRkSa ke nIce samAdhi lagAe jagaha apratibaddha hone se pavana ke samAna zramaNoM rahate the| kitane hI vRkSoM ko jalA dene vAle hima kI vRtti hotI hai / 30 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra isI vRtti prapAta ko ve apanI dhyAnarUpI agni se jalA diyA ke the| prAcArAGga sUtra ke anusAra unakA nivAsa karate the| grISmakAla meM jabaki cAroM ora agni prAyaH zUnyaghara, sabhA, pyAU, paNyazAlA (dukAna) varSA hotI, taba sUrya kI kiraNoM se bhISaNa tapate hue tathA zahara kI zAlA hotA thaa| ve prAyaH zrama- parvata ke zilApaNDoM para apane dhyAnarUpI zItala jIviyoM ke Thaharane ke sthAna, bAga, nagara, zmasAna, amRta jala kA siMcana karate the / isa prakAra zArI. zUnyAgAra tathA vRkSa ke nIce Thaharate the / 31 rika sukha kI hAni ke lie33 ve vAha ya tapa karate satata jAgRti-bhagavAna nidrA kA bhI sevana the| nahIM karate the| yadi kabhI nidrA Ane lagatI to ve uThakara apanI AtmA ko jAgRta karate the| uparyukta prakAra kI mahAn sAdhanA ke phalave nidrA ko (pramAda rUpa meM) jAnakara (saMyamAnuSTAna svarUpa hI mahAvIra ko sarvotkRSTa prAdhyAtmika meM vyavasthita hokara apramatta bhAva se vicaraNa karate sampatti kI prApti huI aura ve sarvajJa mora sarvadarzI the| kabhI sardI kI rAtri meM bAhara nikalakara ke rUpa meM vizva me prasiddha hue| 1. asagaH vardhamAna caritam 17/102 , 2. vahI 17/103 . 1.3. raviSeNa : paramacarita. 2/85 . - 4. dhavalA.1 khaM0 pR. 65 5. jinasena : harivaMza purANa 2/5-51: .. .. vidyAnanda muni : tIrthaMkara varddhamAna pR0 -27 17. jayadhavalA bhAga I pR0 81 8. uttara puraNa 74/305 ... prAcArAGga 1/9/1/3-4 10. utta'purANa 74/308 1. prAcAraGga 1/9/173 12. mahAvIra jayanto smArikA, jayapura 1970 jaina prakAza ke utthAna vIrAMka meM prakAzita tribhuvanadAsa mahatA kA lekha 13, pAcArAGga 1/914/9

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1-54 14. vahI 1/9/4/11 16. vahI 1/9/4/10 16. DA. kAmatA prasAda jaina : bhagavAna mahAvIra pR0 93 17. uttarapurANa 74/315 uttarapurANa 72/305 asaga : vardhamAnacaritam 17/121 DA0 kAmatAprasAda jaina : bhagavAna mahAvIra pR0 92 guNabhadra : uttara purANa 74/381-322 prAcArAGga 1/1/9/5 23. muni suzIlakumAra : jaina dharma pR0 28 uttarapurANa 74/331-337 muni suzIlakumAra : jaina dharma pR0 28 26. prAcArAGga 1/9/1/8 27. prAcArAGga 1/8/3/3-8 28. vahI 1/9/3/13 29. padmacandra zAstrI : tIrthakara vardhamAna mahAvIra pR0 62 30. uraga giri jalaNa sAgara nahatala tarumaNa samo ma jo hoi| bhamara miya dharaNi jalaruha ravi pavaNa samo ma so smnno| sthAnAGga sUtra arthavatti-sa zramaNo bhavati iti pratipaMda samvadhyate / yaH uragasamaH parakRtAzrayanivAsAt / girisamaH pariSahotkamparahityAt / jvalanasamaste jastapoyamatvAt / tRNAdiSviba sUtrArtheSva. tRptatvAdapi namastakta samaH sarvatra nirAlambanatvAt / tarugaNasamaH sukhaduH khayoradarzita vikAratvAt / bhramara samo'niyatavRtti tvAt / mRgasamaH saMsArabhayAdvigna tvAt / dharaNisamaH sarvaravedasahiSNutvAt / jalaruhasamaH kAmabhogAd bhavatve'pi pajalAbhyAmiva tadUhavaM vRttH| rabisanaH dharmAsti kAyAdilo kamadhikRtyAvizeSaNa prakAzakatvAt / pavana samazca sarvatrA pratibaddhatvAt / evaMvidho ya sa zramo bhayati // abhidhAna rAjendra koSa 31. pAMcArAGga sUtra 1/9/2/2-3 32. vahI 1/9/2/5-6 33. sakalakoti : mahAvIra purANa trayodaza prakaraNa pR0 91

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dIkSA-divasa dIrgha tapasvI mahAvIra bihAra-bhUmi dhanya hai jisane dharma, darzana, saMskRti sAhitya evaM rAjanIti ke kSetra meM yugoM-yugoM se vizvamAnya aneka mahAmanISiyoM, krAntikArIsAdhakoM evaM netAoM ko janma diyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra bhI unhIM meM se eka yugapradhAna mahApuruSa the, jinake anupama puruSArtha evaM kaThora sAdhanA ne bhAratIya samAjavAda, sAmyavAda tathA dharma, darzana evaM mAcAra zAstra ke itihAsa ke eka vizeSa pratibhApUrNa adhyAya kA aMkana kiyA aura vaizAlI mathavA bihAra ko hI nahIM, apitu bhArata ko bhI mahAmahima banA diyA / unhIM mahAna bihArI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ko isa varSa 2500 varSa pUre ho cuke haiM, ataH unakI usa puNyatithi kI smRti meM unakA 2500vAM nirvANa samAroha rASTrIya evaM antarrASTrIya stara para sarvatra manAyA jA rahA hai| jaina-paramparA ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra tIrthaMkaroM kI zreNI meM caubIsaveM evaM antima tIrthakara haiN| prAgama sAhitya meM tIrthakara use kahA gayA hai jo sAMsArika sukhoM ko kSaNika evaM janma-maraNa kA mUla kAraNa jAnakara vairAgya dhAraNa karatA hai maura nirIha-vRtti se bAraha prakAra ke antarvAhya kaThina tapa karake zAzvata sukha-mokSa prApta karatA hai| aise tIrthaMkaroM ke sampUrNa jIvana kA vargIkaraNa pAMca bhAgoM meM kiyA gayA hai-(1) garbhAvataraNa (2) janma dhAraNa (3) dIkSA athavA tapa (4) kevala jJAna prApti evaM (6) mokSa / pUrvAcAryoM ke anusAra ukta pAMcoM avasthAeM jar3a evaM cetana meM eka vizeSa mAlhAdakArI evaM kalyANakArI vAtAvaraNa utpanna karatI haiM mataH ukta pratyeka bhAga ke sAtha-sAtha 'kalyANaka' vizeSaNa bhI saMyukta kara diyA jAtA hai / udAharaNArtha tIrtha. pro. DaoN. rAjArAma jaina adhyakSa saMskRta prAkRta vibhAga 'ha* dA* jaina kAleja, bhArA (bihAra)

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1-56 kara prakRti vAle jIva ke garbha meM Ate hI usake dIkSA ke pUrva mahAvIra yuvarAja the| unake prabhAva se dUra-dUra taka vividha prakAra kI bImAriyA~ sundara evaM sukumAra zarIra kI rakSA ke lie sabhI evaM prativRSTi, anAvRSTi tathA durbhikSa jaisI bhayaMkara sAdhana sampanna vyavasthAeM thiiN| eka ora unakA vipattiyA~ svayameva zAnta ho jAtI haiM / ataH tIrtha- vaha atyanna sukomala zarIra thA, to dUsarI mora kara ke garbhAvataraNa ke lie "garbhakalyANaka" kahA jaina tapasyA kI ghanI karkazatA, rUkSatA evaM bIhar3atA jAtA hai| 9 mAsa ke bAda jaba vaha janma letA hai, paraspara meM una donoM ke sAmaJjasya kI kalpanA bhI taba usake prabhAva se prakRti evaM pratyeka varga ke prANI kaThina thI kintu lokakalyANakArI dRr3ha icchAzakti prapane-apane kSetra meM AzAtIta samRddhi prApta karate ne usa kusumAdapi komala kumAra ko jriAdapi haiM, ataH use "janmakalyANaka" kahA jAtA hai| kaThora banA diyaa| zokAkula parivAra, mitroM tIsarI avasthA dIkSA athavA tapa-sambandhI hai| riztedAroM tathA prajAjanoM kI mUrchAvasthA evaM unake kumArakAla kI samApti para tathA sAMsArika sukhoM bAra-bAra jamIna meM girane-par3ane tathA dahAr3amArakara ke prati virAga bhAva jagane para unake prati mAyA- rone kI sthiti bhI unake dRr3ha nizcaya ko na badala moha ke tyAga kA jana-jIvana para acchA prabhAva skii| ve zIghra hI mahAbhiniSkramaNa kara samIpavartI par3atA hai, ataH tIrthakara jIva kI dIkSA ko dIkSA 'nAthavana' athavA 'jJAtRka vana khaNDa' meM pahuMce aura prayavA "tapa-kalyANaka" kahA gayA hai| ghora- apane bahamUlya vastrAbhUSaNa utAra DAle, sAtha hI tapazcaryA ke kAraNa jJAnAvaraNAdi ghAtiyA-karmoM ke sundara AkarSaka ghugharAle kezoM ko bhI pAMca vAra kSaya hone para unakI AtmA meM loka kalyANakArI muTThiyoM meM bharakara ukhAr3a pheMke / isa prakAra trizalA viziSTa jJAna-kevalajJAna kI jAgRti hotI hai ataH priyakAriNI kA vaha dulArA vardhamAna mahAvIra use "kevalajJAna kalyANaka" kahA gayA hai / antima yathAjAta-zizu jaisA rUpa dhAraNakara tapasyA meM lIna avasthA meM prAya-karma ke kSaya hone para bhavyajIvoM ko zuddha, buddha evaM nirmala AtmA kA bodha karAne mahAvIra ke nAnA tathA vaizAlI-gaNarAjya ke vAlA evaM zAzvata sukha pradAna karane vAlA mokSa rASTrapati ceTaka mahArAja ne apane priya nAtI ke prApta hotA hai ataH use "mokSa kalyANaka" kahA dIkSA divasa kI smRti meM usI dIkSA sthala para eka gayA hai| vizAla "mahAvIra kItti stambha" kA nirmANa karAya .. uparyukta kalyANakoM ke krama meM bhagavAna mahAvIra thA, jo Aja bhI vaizAlI kI sImA para sthita hai| kA mAja tIsare krama kA dIkSA athavA "tapa mUla ghaTanA ko vismRta kara dene ke kAraNa purAtatva kalyANaka" kA pUNya divasa hai| Aja se lagabhaga jagata meM vaha pAja azoka stambha ke nAma se 2542 varSa pUrva mahAvIra ne kuNDagrAma kA yuvarAja vikhyAta hai tathA sthAnIya loga use "bhImasena kI prada tathA rAjya, parivAra, nAte riztedAra evaM aizvarya lAThI" kahakara pukArate haiN| sukhoM kA magazira kRSNa 10 tadanusAra I0 pU0 ke dIkSita hone ke bAda mahAvIra kI sarvaprathama ravivAra 8 disa0 ke aparAha na meM nirmamatApUrvaka pAraNA (pAhAra) videha janapada ke kollAga saniveza tyAga kara nAthavana meM dIkSA dhAraNa kI thI, jaisA ke rAjA kUla candra ke yahAM 72 ghaNToM ke upavAsa ke ki ullekha milatA hai : ___ bAda huii| cUki jaina sAdhu vartanoM kA sparza nahIM maggasira bahuladasamI avaraNhe uttarAsu nnaadhvnne| kara sakate, ataH vaha pAhAra unhoMne donoM hatheliyoM tadiya khavayAmbhi gahidaM mahavvadaM bddh'ddmaarnnenn|| ko pAtra jaisA banAkara usase sAvadhAnI pUrvaka tiloya0 607 / / samapAda khar3e hokara, grahaNa kiyaa| usake bAda

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jaina gratha bheMTa samAroha bhagavAna mahAvIramA nirvANamahotsavasamAroha sArvajanika pustakAlayoM ke lie mAnanIya rAjyapAla mahodaya ko eka lAkha se adhika kI lAgata ke grantha bheTa / .

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1-67 sukomala caraNoM vAle yogirAja-mahAvIra, jaba hI eka parivAra meM muNDita-mastaka hokara vandinI paidala hI tapasyA hetu vanakhaNDa meM pahuMce taba kaMkarIle kA jIvana vyatIta kara rahI thii| usake pairoM meM patharIle mArga meM calane ke kAraNa unake paira khUna beDiyAM par3I rahatI thiiN| dina bhara ke parizrama karane se lathapatha ho gae kintu ina kaSToM kA anubhava ke bAda use kodoM evaM maTThA khAne ko milatA kie binA hI zIta Rtu meM digambara mudrAdhArI ve thaa| mahAvIra ko nirAhAra dekhakara vaha viha vala ho mAtmadhyAna meM isa prakAra lavalIna hue ki usakI uThI aura usane unheM mAhAradAna dene kA nizcaya nizcala mudrA se hiraNoM ne unheM pASANa pratimA kiyaa| agale dina usane pavitra mana se maDhe meM samajha liyA aura apanI khujalI taka unase khujalAne kodoM ko miTTI ke bartana meM pakAyA aura caryA ko lage jaisA ki kahA gayA hai : nikale hu| mahAvIra ko paDagAhakara unheM prAhAra zIta tapa nadI ke kinAre vIra the jaba kara rhe| dAna diyaa| yaha dekhakara sarvatra prasannatA kI lahara daur3a gii| divya santa ke prabhAva se candanA kI hiraNa unake ragaDa tana ko khAja apanI hara rahe // maherI sundara khIra meM badala gaI tathA candanA ke prabala jhaMjhA ke jhakore barasatA thA amita jala miTTI ke bartana svarNa pAtroM meM badala gae :vRkSa Tapa-Tapa TapakatA thA, kintu, vIra the tapa meM mavala ____ mahAvIra ne apane tapasyAkAla meM dudhA, so vaha takra kodravana voda pipAsA, zIta, garmI, daMzamazaka mAdi bAIsa parISahoM tandula khIra bhayo anumoda / ko sahana karate hue bAraha varSoM marthAt 4320 mATI pAtra hemamaya soya dinoM taka mauna pUrvaka tapasyA kii| isa bIca meM gharama tane phala kahA na hoya / unhoMne kula milAkara 349 dinoM meM 1-1 bAra pAhAra dAna kI vaha belA vandinI candanA pAraNA kii| satI ke udAra kI prabhuta ghaTanA tathA mahilA pAraNA ke pUrva ve kabhI-kabhI apane mana meM samAja ke utAra ke itihAsa kA svarNa pRSTha hI bar3I vicitra pratijJAe kara lete the| unakI pUrti bana gayA / mAge calakara vaha candanA satI mahAvIra na ho pAne meM unheM lagAtAra 6-6 mAsa taka bhI ke caturvidha saMgha meM mAryikA-saMgha kI pradhAna madhipAhAra nahIM mila pAtA thaa| eka vAra kozambI SThAtrI bnii| ke vana meM unhoMne pratijJA kI, ki maiM aisI prabhAgina mahAvIra prapane tapasyA kAla meM tIna dina se pAjakumArI ke hAya se mAhAra grahaNa karUMgA jisakA adhika eka sthAna para nahIM rukate the| hAM varSA Rtu sira muDA huA ho, pairoM meM ber3I par3I ho aura ke cAra mAsa ve pravazya hI eka sthAna para vyatIta vaha vandinI ke rUpa meM pabhizapta jIvana vyatIta karate the| unhoMne kula bAraha caturmAsa kie jinameM kara rahI ho| unakI yaha pratijJA 6 mAha taka pahalA caturmAsa pasthigrAma meM huaa| usake vAda pUrI na ho sakI aura nirAhAra rahakara hI ve kramazaH nAlandA, campApurI, pRSTha campA, bhaddIyA, tapasyA karate rhe| apane loka nAyaka ko dIrghakAla prAlamikA, rAjagRha, lAr3ha, zrAvastI, vizAlA evaM taka nirAhAra dekhakara janatA atyanta vyAkula ho campApura meM unake caturmAsa hue ! asthigrAma kA uThI, kintu pratijJA na samajha pAne ke kAraNa vaha dUsarA nAma vartamAnapura thaa| purAtatvavetAoM ne sarvathA vivaza thii| khojabIna karake siddha kiyA hai ki baMgAla prAnta kA ___ saMyoga se durbhAgya kI mArI ceTakarAja kI vartamAna kAlIna 'bardamAna' nagara hI vaha prAcIna rAjakumArI candanA kisI kAraNavaza kauzAmbI ke prasthigrAma prathavA vardhamAnapura hai| pRSTha campA evaM

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1-68 maddIyA nagara vartamAna bhAgamapura se pUrva kI ora samaratha hoya saheM vara-vandhana te 24 mIla kI dUrI para pathara ghATA ke mAsapAsa gurU sadA sahAya hmaare| hone kA anumAna kiyA gayA hai vartamAna uttarapradeza mahAvIra kI kSamatA-zakti se ve upasargakArI ke iTAvA jile se uttara-pUrva meM sattAIsa mIla dUra anArya bAda meM svayaM hI itane lajjita hae ki sthita airavAgrAma hI mahAvIra kAlIna mAlamikA unhoMne unase kSamA yAcanA kii| yogirAja mahAnagara thaa| vartamAna gorakhapura jile kA prAdhunika vIra ke sammukha hiMsaka upAyoM ko nirarthaka hamA sahaiTha-maheTha hI mahAvIrakAlIna zrAvastI nagara dekhakara ve ahiMsA kA mahatva samajha gae aura usake thA / parama bhakta bana ge| isI prakAra gopAlaka, zUlimahAvIra kA 9 vAM caturmAsa sabase kaThina pAriNayakSa, rudradeva, caNDakozika sarpa, tathA makkhali biitaa| jaba ve lAr3ha deza (baMgAla) pahu~ce to vahAM putra gozAlaka Adi ke dvArA kI gaI mArapITa evaM ke anAryoM ne mahAvIra ke prati pratyanta kaThora vartAva unake dvArA kie gae aneka upasargoM ko bhI mhaakiyaa| unhoMne unapara jalate aMgAre pheMke, patthara vIra ne samavRtti pUrvaka sahA / ina romAMcakArI barasAe evaM zikArI kutte chodd'e| kintu mahAvIra utpIr3AnoM ke samaya bhI ve himAlaya kI bhAMti aDiga, aDola evaM prakampa bane rhe| ne una sabhI kaSToM ko karmabandha ke jIrNa-zIrNa mahAvIra ne bAraha varSa kI kaThora sAdhanA ke evaM vinaSTa hone kA suavasara jAnakara unheM sama bAda 42 varSa kI Ayu meM utkRSTa AdhyAtmika vRtti se sahana kiyaa| sampatti prApta kI aura ve kevalajJAnI banakara hindI ke mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa ne usakI carcA sarvajJa evaM sarvadarzI khlaae| indra ne rAjagRha ke karate hue kahA hai : vipulAcala para eka vizAla kalApUrNa samavazaraNa niraparAdha nivara mahAmuni tinako kI racanA kI, jisameM mahAvIra ne sarvadharma samanvaya duSTa loga mila mArai ke pratIka syAdvAda aura anekAnta, karma siddhAnta, koI baiMca khamma se bAdhaiM sRSTi vidyA, mAnava samAja-vyavasthA prabhRti viSayoM koI pAvaka meM parajAre para tatkAlIna janabhASA meM apane amRtamaya upadezoM taha vikopa nahIM kareM kadAcit pUrvakarma vicAre kA prasAra kiyA / / 1. dinAMka 8-12-24 ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dIkSA-divasa para sArvajanika sabhA meM pradatta tathA prAMzika rUpa se pAla iNDiyA reDiyo paTanA dvArA prasArita bhASaNa /

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jaina darzana kI dainika jIvana meM upayogitA - pro0 pravINacandra jaina vibhAva se vaha apane Apa ko paratantra samajhatA hai / appA mittaM zramitta ca / zrAtmA hI apanA mitra hai, vahI usakA zatru hai / apane hI vibhAvoM ko - kaSAyita rUpoM ko-rAga, dveSa aura moha ko jItakara vaha jina banatA hai aura apane sat, cit aura prAnandamaya svatantrarUpa meM pratiSThita ho jAtA hai / yaha to jIva kA bhrama hai ki vaha karmabaddha hai aura paratantra hai / isa bhrama ko dUra karane ke lie use AsthA ke sAtha jJAna aura prAcaraNa kI samyaktvapUrNa sAdhanA meM lIna honA par3atA hai / Aja hama eka svatantra aura vikAsazIla deza ke nAgarika haiM aura Arthika krAnti ke dvArA samAja kI nava-saMracanA ke mahatvapUrNa daura se gujara rahe haiN| isI samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra kA 2500 vAM nirvANa mahotsava samAroha vaicArika krAnti utpanna karane vAlI eka bar3I ghaTanA hai jo ahiMsA varSa ke rUpa meM ghaTita ho rahI hai / sAmAjika vikAsa kI dizA meM svatantratA aura samAnatA ina do bar3e jIvana mUlyoM ke viSaya meM jaina darzana kA prabhimata jAnanA, batAnA isa pariprekSya meM sarvathA prAsaMgika hai / jaina darzana prAdhyAtmavAdI darzana hai / usakI dRSTi meM vyakti samAja kA mahatvapUrNa ghaTaka hai / isalie vaha vyakti ke vikAsa meM samaSTi kA vikAsa dekhatA hai / vyAvahArika dRSTi se cAhe vyakti aura samAja kA anyonyAzraya sambandha hai para tAtvika dRSTi se yaha sambandha vyakti kI viziSTatA kA vighAta nahIM kara sakatA / jaina darzana na kevala mAnava ko, varan pratyeka jIva ko aura pratyeka jIva ko hI nahIM pratyeka dravya ko svatantra mAnatA hai / jIva kI svatantratA isa darzana kI maulika cintanA hai / usake svarUpa ko bigAr3anA yA sudhAranA kisI anya ke lie sambhava hI nahIM hai / svabhAva se vaha svatantra hai aura jaina darzana kI dUsarI maulika cintanA hai samatA / jIvoM kI samAnatA aura svatantratA donoM eka dUsarI kI pUraka hai| isase jIvoM kI pArasparika sthiti spaSTa hotI hai| eka jIva dUsare jIva ke upakAra yA apakAra meM nimitta to bana sakatA hai, para isase usakI samatA kisI bhI taraha khaMDita nahIM hotI / koI jIva choTA yA bar3A nahIM, nikRSTa yA utkaSTa nahIM / jaise pratyeka jIva svatantra hai vaise hI vaha samAna bhI hai / prAdhyAtmika gharAtala para sAre jIva samAna haiN| sabhI jIva ananta darzana, ananta jJAna, ananta vIrya aura ananta sukha isa ananta catuSTaya se sampanna haiN| hameM jo asamAnatA bhAsita hotI hai vaha to usake zArIrika yA sakA paudgalika pariveza ke kAraNa hai / bhautika gharAtala

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1-60 para asamAnatA anivArya hai| tithaMca, pazu, deva prayatnoM kI lambI mImAMsA ko saMkSepa meM tyAga aura aura mAnava kA bheda isI dharAtala para hai| bhauti- tapa kahA gayA hai| tyAga aura tapa se AtmA katA ke kAraNa hI kAle aura gore kA bheda hai| parigraha ke sAre abhigrahoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| moTe aura dubale kA bheda hai| strI, puruSa aura svatantratA aura samAnatA kI anubhUti gRhastha napuMsaka kA bheda hai| bauddhika upalabdhiyoM meM bhI dazA meM bhI utanI hI Avazyaka hai jitanI ki isI prakAra vyaktizaH apekSAkRta bheda hai / mAja taka sAdhu-dazA meM / aMza bheda rahatA hai, vaha rhegaa| kI koI sAmAjika vyavasthA kevala bhautika prAdhAra yadi hama mAthika samatA ko gRhastha jIvana ke lie para aise bhedoM ko nahIM miTA skii| bhautika dRSTi mAvazyaka mAnate haiM to usake lie bhI eka vRtti ahaMkAra ko bar3hAtI hai / bhautika sampannatA pramAda kA vikAsa karanA hogaa| vRtti kA vikAsa kI jananI hai| pramAda ke yoga se pAcaraNa meM prAdhyAtmikatA ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM hai| hiMsA mAtI hai / hiMsA se viSamatA bar3hatI hai| udAharaNa ke lie, hama kahate haiM-janatantrI yA bhautika dRSTi kA yadi AdhyAtmika pariSkAra na lokatantrI zAsana-vyavasthA meM nayA samAja banAne ke ho to mAnavIya duHkhoM ko haTAne ke lie juTAI lie jana-jana kA yoga caahie| kevala kAnUna gaI sukha-suvidhAeM samatA ke nAma para ghora se dhora banAne se kAma nahIM clegaa| jana-sahayoga jo eka viSamatAeM utpanna kara detI hai| zAnti aura mAdhyAtmika vRtti hai usase hI naye samAja kI racanA sAmAjika nyAya kI sthApanA ke nAma para saMgharSoM hogii| isase yaha spaSTa huprA ki samAja kA pratyeka aura yuddhoM kI pratihiMsa tmaka bhAvanAoM meM uttarottara vyakti sAmAjika samAnatA meM prAsthA rakhane vAlA ubhAra prAtA rahatA hai aura phira unako samApta ho, ma tma-vizvAsI ho, vaha vaicArika dRSTi se karane ke sAre bhautika prayala eka mAtra vivAda sAmAjika viSamatAoM ko prapAnya kare aura unheM pA paricaryA ke viSaya banakara vyartha ho jAte haiN| mana, vacana aura kAya ke susaMyata prAcaraNa se dUra kare / tyAga aura saMyama ke viziSTa prAcaraNa se hI . bhautikatAvAdI dRSTi kI visaMgatiyoM aura viphalatApoM ke saMdarbha meM jaina darzana yahI karatA hai bhautika viSamatAoM ko kisI hada taka dUra kiyA bhA jA sakatA hai| ki samasyA kA sama dhAna mAdhyAtmika hai| use svIkAra kro| bahirmukha-bahirAtmA-mata raho, jana sahayoga prabuddha honA caahie| use pAne antarmukha vno| maMtarAtmA banate hI tuma dekhoge ke lie jaina darzana ne eka dRSTi dI hai| vaha hai ki tuma to svaya para brahma ho, paramAtmA ho| jIta anekAnta dRSTi / padArthoM ke svarUpa ko samajhane kA svabhAva paramAtmA hai| saba paramAtmA bana kI dRSTi / vastu kA svabhAva hI usakA dharma hai| sakate haiN| vaha mananta rUpAtmaka hai| ina rUoM ko gagaNa bhI kahA jAtA hai| ye guNa sAdhAraNataH kisI bhI svatantra aura samAna banane ke lie pAtmA ko vyakti ke dvArA eka kAla meM dekhe, samajhe yA batAye kucha karanA nahIM hai| svatantratA aura samAnatA nahIM jA sakate / anekAnta dRSTi vibhinna vyaktiyoM bAhara se AnevAlI vastueM nahIM haiN| ve to mAtmA dvArA vibhinna kAloM meM vibhinna apekSAoM se kahe ke apane guNa haiN| apane dharma hai / use yaha bhrama gaye eka hI vastu ke aneka guNoM ko samajhane meM ho gayA hai ki ve bAharI tatva hai| isa bhrama ko sahAyaka hotI hai| isase samAja meM sahiSNutA, haTAnA haiM / paratantratA paura viSamatA ke bhrama ko saha mastitva maura niSpakSatA ke bhAvoM kA udaya haTAne ke lie unheM hI chor3anA hogaa| chor3ane ke hotA hai| saMskRtiyoM ke samanvaya meM, sarva-dharma

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1-61 mAva meM bhI yahI dRSTi rahatI hai| ise samyag dRSTi zUnyatA, riktatA yA prabhAva kI anubhUti nahIM bhI kahate haiN| isI dRSTi kA eka rUpa loka hotI-usake svayaM ke ananta darzana, pananta jJAna, dRSTi hai jo lokahita ke mUla meM rahatI hai| isa ananta zakti aura ananta sukha meM vaha vilIna rahatA hai-yahI usakA brahmacarya hai| dRSTi meM satya ke prati prabhiniveza rahatA hai, yaha ahiMsA, satya, pracaurya, aparigraha pora brahmamAnava ko durAgrahoM se bacAtI hai| isA dRSTi ko ghayaM ina pAMca jIvana mUlyoM kI yaha prAdhyAtmika kucha isa prakAra se bhI kahA jA sakatA hai-hama pRSTha bhUmi hai jise jaina darzana gRhasthoM ke lie svayaM durAgrahI na hoM, dUsaroM ko apanI bAta to . aNuvratoM ke rUpa meM aura sAdhunoM ke lie mahA. kaheM para use unapara lAdeM nahIM, satya bahu-mAyAmI vratoM ke rUpa meM prastuta karatA hai hotA hai, bhASA ke dvArA usake kisI eka aMza kI. saMkSepa meM, jaina darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki mAnava ho kisI apekSA meM abhivyakti hotI hai, hama usa jar3a aura cetana kA svarUpa samajhatA hai, usake prapekSA ko smjheN| isa prakAra yadi dRSTi ane- antara ko pahacAnatA hai| na to vaha dIna hai aura kAntAtmaka ho to viruddha sI pratIta hone vAlI na hIna hai| vaha zarIra nahIM, zarIra saMyukta hai| pAtoM meM saMgati A jaaygii| mahiMsaka samAja kI vaha mAdhyAtmika zaktiyoM kA puja hai| mAnava. racanA meM yaha dRSTi anivAryataH pAvazyaka hai| jIvana sarvazreSTha jIvana hai / isI jIvana meM usake anekAnta dRSTivAle vyaktiyoM kA pAcaraNa bhrama dUra hote haiM aura use apane prApakI anubhUti pumyaktva ko liye hue hotA hai| samyavasvI jAga- hotI hai| gRhastha dazA meM use anekAnta dRSTi haka hotA hai, vaha satya ko svIkAra karatA hai aura, honA cAhie-dUsaroM kI dRSTi kA mAdara karanA mithyA se bacatA hai| usase mandhazraddhA kA poSaNa cAhiye / kisI ko bhI dIna yA hIna samajhanA nahIM ho sakatA mithyAtva ko naSTa karanA hI , svarUpa ko khonA hai aura saba jIvoM ko samAna usako jIvana-sAdhanA ho sakatI hai| spaSTa hai,, mAnanA svarUpa kI pratiSThA hai| use Atma vikAsa aisA vyakti jo sat hai use mAnatA hai, prakSata ko ke rahasya ko samajhanA hai, usakI gaharAiyoM meM nahIM maantaa| na to vaha 'para' ko 'sva' mAna praveza karanA hai-tabhI vaha mamajha sakatA hai ki sakatA hai aura na vaha 'sva' ko 'para' hI batA rakhatA prasma-vikAsa hI loka-vikAsa hai, pAsmodAra hI lokoddhAra hai| hai| usakA vyavahAra dUsaroM ko satyaniSTha banAma) bhAratIya saMskRti meM svatantratA aura samAnatA meM nimitta banatA hai, satya-niSThatA kI praraNA ke cintana kA vikAsa bhautika saMkIragatAmrA se usase milatI hai| yahI usakA upagraha yA upakAra cAhe kabhI-kabhI mAcchanna ho gayA ho para usakA hai| saMyoga yA nimitta banane ke atirikta baha aura vyApaka rUpa sadA banA rahA hai / jaina darzana dvArA kucha ho hI nahIM sktaa| vaha mAnI nahIM hotA, . prastuta svatantratA aura samAnatA ke sazakta vicAra kRtrimatA, mAyA, chala, kapaTa se dUra rahatA hai| usakI sahAnubhUtipUrNa anekAnta dRSTi maura dUsare ke prApya kA apaharaNa karanA usake svabhAva ahiMsAmaya AcaraNa kI vyavahAryatA-ye saba isa meM hI nahIM hotaa| usake maulika parjana paura vyApaka pariprekSya meM jana jana ko prAtma boSa dene saMcaya donoM kI sImAeM ghaTatI jAtI haiM, pranivA vAle, apane zakti ke svarUpa ko prakaTa karane paMtaH prAvazyaka kA grahaNa aura zeSa kA parityAga vAle siddha hue haiN| yahI inakI jIvanopayo. svataH hotA hai| isa sabase usake jIvana meM gitA hai|

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jaya mahAvIra kI gUMja uThI -racayitA : zrI gulAbacanda jaina paMcAmA ke hue jagata se kyoM udAsa jinake ghara meM vaibhava vilAsa, rahate pratidina kara jor3a khar3e mananinita dAsiyAM tathA dAsa, (2) nRpa tathA mahAnRpa natazira ho prAjJA pAlana meM haiM tatpara, prAmoda pramodoM. meM vasanta.. madhumAsa banA chAyA ghara para, (3) baha prAne zrama kI kImata bhI apane zrama se kaba sakA prAMka, sukha suvidhAoM kI sImA se kyA sabhI divasa kara rahA mApa, (4) kamanIya kalita kAmaniyoM kI jaba eka bar3I lambI katAra, mAtura thI apita karane ko, apanA tana manayovana nisAra (5) sukha bhoga vila soM ke jitane ..... sAdhana jaga meM nirmANa hue, ... .... sarvatra sulabhatA se unako *puNyodaya se prApta hue, ...

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(6) usane socA maiM dekha rahA jo vaha asIma vaibhava vizAla, zraraNa bhaMguratA kA hai pratIka, yaha dRzyamAna saMsAra jAla, (7) hotA hai tana dhana kSINa vipulatA kA hotA hai sarvanAza, harSAtireka se masta, kSaNika maiM dukha se karate prazra pAta, (8) bahu zrora asImita tRSNA kI khAI bar3hatI hI jAtI hai dRr3hatA zaThatAoM pazutA se nita hor3a lagAI jAtI hai (9) prAcaraNahIna kula ke bala para bana rahe dharma ke adhikArI asahAya dIna vAsanA zamana kI putalI hai kevala nArI (10) yajJAdi anuSThAnoM meM nita prati, hiMsA kI jalatI jvAlA, asahAya mUka pazumoM ke zoNita se sana rahI yajJazAlA, 1-69.

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1.64 (11) zAsana ke dvArA ina sabakA ho sakA kabhI pratikAra nahIM, bhaya, damya, bheda se mAnava ke miTa pAye viSaya vikAra nahIM, (12) prataeva mArama pama para cala kara sAdhanA karUM sarvaza banU, phira jJAna prabhAkara ke dvArA prajJAna timira kora kara, (13) laSa banA digambara veza vIra cala par3e vIratA ke patha para, mo kaThina tapasyA ke dvArA karmoM se kiyA vicitra samara, ..(14) vijaya iMdumI bagI pahiMsA ko phailI sukha zAnti ko lahara, jaya mahAvIra kI gUMja uTho .. mAnanda vibhora humA para para, ..

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kA syAdvAda - DaoN. premasumana jaina sahAyaka prophesara, prAkRta, saMskRta vibhAga udayapura vizvavidyAlaya mahAvIra vizva itihAsa meM eka aisA nAma hai, jisane DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva bhArata meM mAnavatA kI jyoti jalAI thI / jagat ke samasta prANiyoM ke hita ke lie usa mahApuruSa ne ahiMsA, aparigraha, anekAntavAda, zrAdi kalyANakArI siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA thA / zrAja sArA vizva bhagavAn mahAvIra ko unake inhIM lokopakArI upadezoM ke lie yAda kara rahA hai / mahAvIra ke yuga meM cintana kI dhArA aneka Tukar3oM meM baMTa gayI thI / vaidika paramparA ke bhaneka vicAraka tathA zramaNa paramparA ke 6-7 dArzanikoM kA usa samaya astitva thA / ye sabhI cintaka apanI-apanI dRSTi se satya ko pUrNa rUpa se jAna lene kA dAvA kara rahe the / pratyeka ke kathana meM yaha graha thA ki satya ko maiM hI jAnatA hU~, dusarA nahIM / mahAvIra yaha saba dekha-suna kara mAzcarya meM the ki satya ke itane dAvedAra kaise ho sakate haiM ? satya kA svarUpa to eka honA caahie| aisI sthiti meM mahAvIra ne apanI sAdhanA aura anubhava ke AdhAra para kahA ki satya utanA hI nahIM hai, jise vyakti dekha yA jAna rahA hai / yaha vastu ke eka dharma kA jJAna hai| eka guraNa kA padArtha meM ananta dharma, aneka guNa tathA payAyeM hotI haiN| kintu vyavahAra meM usakA koI eka svarUpa hI hamAre sAmane zrAtA hai / use hI hama jAna pAte haiN| zeSa gharmaM prakathita raha jAte haiM / ataH pratyeka vastu kA kathana sApekSa rUpa se ho sakatA hai / yahI kathana paddhati syAdvAda hai / jainAcAryo ne mahAvIra ke isI kathana kA vistAra kiyA hai / syAdvAda mahAvIra ke jIvana meM vyApta thA /

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1-86 unake bacapana meM hI syAdvAdI cintana prArambha ho svarUpa kahane lagatA hai to eka bAra meM usake kisI gayA thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki eka dina varddhamAna ke eka guNa ko hI kaha pAtA hai / yahI sthiti saMsAra kucha bAlaka sAthI unheM khojate hue mAM trizalA ke kI pratyeka vastu kI hai / pAsa phuNce| trizalA ne kaha diyA 'varddhamAna bhavana hama pratidina sone kA prAbhUSaNa dekhate haiN| meM Upara hai|' bacce bhavana ke sabase UparI khaNDa para __ lakar3I kI Tebila dekhate haiN| aura kucha dinoM bAda pahuMca gaye / vahAM pitA siddhArtha the, varddhamAna nhiiN| ___ inake banate-bigar3ate rUpa bhI dekhate haiN| kintu sonA jaba baccoM ne pitA siddhArtha se pUchA to unhoMne kaha aura lakar3I vahI banI rahatI hai| Aja ke mazInI diyA-'varddhamAna nIce hai| bacce nIce kI maMjiloM yuga meM kisI dhAtu ke kArakhAne meM hama khar3e ho para daur3a pdd'e| unheM bIca kI eka maMjila meM khir3akI jAya to dekheMge ki prArambha meM patthara kA eka Tukar3A para khar3e hue varddhamAna mila gye| baccoM ne mahAvIra mazIna meM praveza karatA hai aura anta meM jastA, se zikAyata kI ki Aja ApakI mAM evaM pitA tAMbA prAdi ke rUpa meM bAhara pAtA hai| vastu ke donoM ne jhUTha bolA / eka ne kahA thA varddhamAna isI svarUpa ke kAraNa mahAvIra ne kahA thA pratyeka Upara hai, dUsare ne kahA thA-varddhamAna nIce hai, padArtha utpatti, vinAza aura sthiratA se yukta hai| jabaki tuma yahAM bIca ke khaNDa meM khar3e ho / na nIce dravya ke isa svarUpa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara unhoMne the, na kaar| jar3a aura cetana prAdi cha: dravyoM kI vyAkhyA kI varddha mAna ne apane sAthiyoM se kahA- 'tumheM hai| mati, zruti, kevalajJAna prAdi pAMca jJAnoM bhrama huA hai| mAM evaM pitA jI donoM ne satya ke svarUpa ko samajhAyA hai| kevalajJAna dvArA hama kahA thaa| tumhAre samajhane kA pharka hai| mAM nIce satya ko pUrNataH jAna pAte haiM / ataH sAmAnya jJAna kI maMjila para khar3I thiiN| ataH unakI apekSA maiM ke rahate hama vastu ko pUrNataH jAnane kA dAvA nahIM Upara thA aura pitAjI sabase UparI khaNDa para the kara sakate / jAna kara bhI use sabhI dRSTiyoM se isalie unakI apekSA meM nIce thaa| vastuoM kI abhivyakta nahIM kara sakate / isalie sApekSa kathana sabhI sthitiyoM ke sambandha meM isI prakAra socane se kI anivAryatA hai| satya ke khoja kI yaha hama satya taka pahuMca sakate haiN| bhrama meM nahIM pdd'te|' pagaDaMDI hai| varddhamAna kI yaha vyAkhyA suna kara bAlaka hairAna anekAnta-darzana mahAvIra ko satya ke prati raha gaye / mahAvIra syAdvAda kI bAta kaha gye| niSThA kA paricAyaka hai| unake sampUrNa mora syAdvAda aura bhanekAntavAda meM ghaniSTha sambandha yathArtha jJAna kA dyotaka / mahAvIra kI ahiMsA kA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ina donoM ke svarUpa evaM pratibimba hai-syaadvaad| unake jIvana kI yaha mahatva ko spaSTa kiyA hai| anekAntAvAda ke mUla sAdhanA rahI hai ki satya kA udghATana bhI sahI meM hai--satya kI khoja / mahAvIra ne apane anubhava ho tathA usake kathana meM bhI kisI kA virodha na se jAnA thA ki jagat meM paramAtmA athavA vizva ho| yaha tabhI sambhava hai jaba hama kisI vastu kA kI bAta to alaga vyakti apane sImita jJAna dvArA svarUpa kahate samaya usake anya pakSa ko bhI dhyAna ghaTako bhI pUrNa rUpa se nahIM jAna paataa| rUpa, meM rakheM tathA apanI bAta bhI prAmANikatA se kaheM / rasa, gandha, sparza Adi guNoM se yukta vaha ghaTa choTA* 'syAt zabda ke prayoga dvArA yaha sambhava hai| yahAM bar3A, kAlA-sapheda, halkA-bhArI, utpatti-nAza Adi 'syAt' kA artha hai-kisI apekSA se yaha vastu manamta dharmoM se yukta hai| para jaba koI vyakti usakA aisI hai.|

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1-67 ise eka udAharaNa se samajhA jA sakatA hai| rakhatA hai / apane sAdhanoM dvArA use bhI abhivyakti rAjeza eka vyakti hai| vaha apane pitA kI apekSA kI svatantratA hai| yaha mahAvIra ke syAdvAda kI putra hai tathA apane putra kI apekSA pitA hai| vaha phalazruti hai| pati hai evaM jIjA bhii| mAmA hai aura bhAnajA bhii| mahAvIra anekAntavAda va syAdvAda se una aba yadi koI use kevala mAmA hI mAne pora anya galata dhAraNAmoM ko dUra kara denA cAhate the, jo sambandhoM ko galata ThaharAye to yaha rAjeza nAmaka vyakti ke sarvAgINa vikAsa meM bAdhaka thiiN| unake vyakti kA sahI paricaya nahIM hai isameM haThadharmI hai| yuga meM ekAntika dRSTi se yaha kahA jA rahA thA prajJAna hai| mahAvIra isa prakAra ke prAgraha ko ki jagat zAzvat hai, athavA kSaNika hai| isase vaicArika hiMsA kahate haiM / majJAna se ahiMsA phalita vAstavika jagat kA svarUpa khaMDita ho rahA thaa| nahIM hotii| ataH unhoMne kahA ki syAdvAda paddhati manuSya kA puruSArtha kuNThita hone lagA thA niyativAda se prathama vaicArika udAratA upalabdha kro| kevala ke hAthoM / ataH mahAvIra ne prAtmA, paramAtmA aura apanI bAta kahanA hI paryApta nahIM hai, dUsaroM ko bhI jagata ina tInoM ke svarUpa kA vaha yathArtha sAmane apanA dRSTikoNa rakhane kA avasara do| satya ke rakha diyA, jisase vyakti apanI rAha kA svayaM darzana tabhI hoMge / tabhI vyavahAra kI ahiMsA sArthaka nirNAyaka bana sake / apUrva thI mahAvIra kI yaha hogii| dena / satya ko vibhinna koNoM se jAnanA aura kahanA anekAnta va syAdvAda ke sambandha meM mahAvIra darzana ke kSetra meM nayI bAta nahIM hai| kintu mahAvIra ne jo kahA vaha unake jIvana se bhI prakaTa huaA hai / ne syAdvAda ke kathana dvArA satya ko jIvana ke gAyatrI ve apane jIvana meM kabhI kisI kI bAdhA nahIM bane / dharAtala para utArane kA kArya kiyA haiN| yahI jagata meM rahate hue kisI anya ke svAtha se na unakA vaiziSTya hai| hama sabhI jAnate haiM ki hara TakarAnA, kama logoM ke jIvana meM sadha pAtA hai / vastu se kama se kama do pahalu hote haiM / koI bhI mahAvIra ke anusAra yaha TakarAhaTa adhUre jJAna ke vastu na sarvathA acchI hotI hai aura na sarvathA ahaMkAra se hotI hai| pramAda va viveka se hotI burI: hai| ataH apramAdI hokara vivekapUrvaka prAcaraNa 'dRSTaM kimapi lokesmin na nirdoSa na nirguNam / ' karane se hI anekAnta jIvana meM A pAtA hai| anekAnta dRSTi se hI satya kA sAkSasAra nIma sAmAnya vyakti ko kar3avI lagatI hai| vahI rogI ke lie auSadhi bhI hai| prataH nIma ke sabhava hai / sambandha meM koI eka dhAraNA banA kara kisI dUsare mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita syAdvAda meM vastu ke guNa kA virodha karanA bemAnI hai| sAmAnya nIma ananta dharmAtmaka hone ke kAraNa use pravaktavya kI jaba yaha sthiti hai to saMsAra ke ananta padArthoM .. kahA gayA hai / mukhya kI apekSA se gauNa ko prakathaananta dharmoM ke svarUpa ko jAna kara unakA prAgraha- nIya kahA gayA hai| vedAnta darzana meM satya ko pUrvaka kathana karanA sambhava nahIM hai| maha vIra ne anirvacanIya aura bauddha darzana meM use za ya va ise gaharAI se samajhA thaa| ataH ve manuSya taka vibhajyavAna kahA gayA hai| anya bhAratIya dArzanikoM hI sImita nahIM rhe| prANI mAtra ke spandana kI ke atirikta prasiddha vaijJAnika prAisaTIna va sApekSatA ko bhI unhoMne sthAna diyaa| manuSya kI dArzanika varTanarasela ke sApekSavAda ke siddhAnta bhI bhAMti eka sAmAnya prANI bhI jIne kA adhikAra mahAvIra ke syAdvAda se milate-julate haiM / mahAvIra

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'' 1-68 ne kahA thA ki vastu ke karaNa karaNa ko jAno taba usake svarUpa ko kaho / jJAna kI yaha prakriyA prAja ke vijJAna meM bhI hai / isakA artha hai ki syAdvAda kA cintana saMzayavAda nahIM hai / apitu isake dvArA mithyA mAnyatAoM kI asvIkRti aura vastu ke yathArtha pakSoM kI svIkRti hotI hai| vicAra ke kSetra meM isase jo sahiSNutA vikasita hotI hai vaha dInatA va jI-hajUrI nahIM hai, balki mithyA ahaMkAra ke visarjana kI prakriyA hai / darzana va cintana ke kSetra meM anekAnta va syAdvAda kI jitanI AvazyakatA hai, utanI hI vyAvahArika dainika jIvana meM / vastutaH isa vicAradhArA se acche-bure kI pahicAna jAgRta hotI hai / anubhava batAtA hai ki ekAnta vigraha hai, phrUTa hai, jabaki anekAnta maitrI hai, sadhi hai| ise yoM bhI samajha sakate haiM ki jisa prakAra sahI mArga para calane ke lie kucha antarrASTrIya yAtAyAta saMketa bane hue haiM / pathika unake anusaraNa se ThIka-ThIka cala kara apane gantavya para pahuMca jAte haiM / usI prakAra svastha cintana ke mArga para calane ke lie syAdvAda dvArA mahAvIra ne saptabhaMgI rUpI sAta saMketoM kI racanA kI hai| inakA anugamana karane para kisI bauddhika durghaTanA kI AzakA nahI raha jAtI / zrataH bauddhika zoSaNa kA samAdhAna hai -- syAdvAda / mahAvIra ke syAdvAda se phalita hotA hai ki hama apane kSetra meM dUsaroM ke lie bhI sthAna rakheM / atithi ke svAgata ke lie hamAre daravAje hamezA khule hoN| hama prAyaH bacapana se kAgaja para hAziyA chor3a kara likhate prAye haiM, tAki apane likhe hue para kabhI saMzodhana kI guMjAiza banI rahe / jo hamane adhUrA likhA hai, vaha pUrNatA pA sake / mahAvIra kA syAdvAda jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM hameM hAziyA chor3ane kA saMdeza detA hai| saMgraha kareM athavA ghana va yaza kA' honA hI mahAvIra ke anekAnta ko sApekSatA zrAvazyaka hai| saMvibhAga kI yahI hamAre caritra kI kuMjI hai / cintana ko nirdoSa karatA hai| nirdoSa bhASA kA vyavahAra hotA hai / sApekSa bhASA vyavahAra meM himA prakaTa karatI hai / prahiMsaka vRtti se anAvazyaka saMgraha aura kisI kA zoSaNa kahIM ho sktaa| jIvana aparigrahI ho jAtA hai / isa taraha bhrAtma zodhana kI prakriyA kA mUlatantra hai -- mahAvIra kA syAdvAda / cAhe hama jJAna pratyeka ke sAtha samajhanA hai / samajha jAgRta anekAnta hamAre nirmala cintana se ataH saMsAra ke usa eka mAtra guru anekAntavAda ko merA namaskAra hai, jisake binA isa loka kA koI vyavahAra sambhava nahIM hai yathA--- jeNa viNA loyassavi vatrahAroM saJcahA na nivaDa | bhuvaNokaguNo Namo maraNogaMtavAyassa || tassa

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AdhyAtmika UrjA ke kendraka : bhagavAna mahAvIra -DaoN. devendrakumAra zAstrI saMsAra rUpavAna hai| yahAM taraha-taraha ke rUpa ananta dIpoM se 'dIpamAlikA' ke rUpa meM manAI haiM, jo sadA sthira nahIM rahate / rUpa sahaja hI pari- jAtI hai| ananta UrjA ke kendraka bhagavAna mahAvIra vartita hote rahate haiN| una meM rUpAntaraNa kI kriyA ko ananta jJAna upalabdha huaA thA aura ve siddha bhI lakSita hotI hai / vijJAna kI sahAyatA se una ho kara nirvANa ko prApta hue the| yahI kAraNa hai meM jaba cAhe, taba rUpAntaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| ki adhika se adhika dIpoM ko prajvalita kara rUpa dravya kI paryAya hai / yaha rUpAntaraNa tabhI hotA dIpAvalI parva manAyA jAtA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra hai, jaba sAMyogika dazA hotI hai| rUpAntaraNa kI ne moha-timira kA vinAza kara akSaya, ananta nirvANa apanI prakriyA aura vijJAna hai / jainadharma isa Aloka prApta kiyA thaa| niSkampa dIpazikhA kI vijJAna ko prastuta karatA hai aura kahatA hai ki yaha bhAMti unhoMne paramajyoti upalabdha kI thii| vaha saMsAra saMyoga-dazA hai| jIva aura karma-paramANunoM jyota kyA thA ? moha para jJAna kI vijaya, andhakAra ke saMyoga sambandha kA nAma saMsAra hai| saMyoga dazA para prakAza kA adhikAra thA / hama logoM ko to vaha meM dravya kI mala zaktiyoM kA, ananta UrjAmoM kA pAloka prApta nahIM hai / moha ke dAsa aura gulAma sahaja prakaTana evaM sphuraNa nahIM ho sktaa| jo bane hara hai isalie aura kucha nahIM to kevala prakisaMsAra ke sAyogika rasAyanoM se alipta raha kara cana miTTI ke dIpoM meM sneha rUpI tena uDela kara dveSa apanI mUla UrjA ko pravAhita kara letA hai, vaha rUpI bAttayo ko jalAne kA prayatna karate hai / bhagavAna mAtmA se paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| bhagavAna mahA- mahAvIra apanI dhyAnAgni se rAga-dveSa ko jalAkara vIra ne rAga-dveSa ke rAsAyanika vikAroM se asa- vItarAgI bane the| usI prAdarza kI smRti meM yaha mpRkta ho kara apanI prAdhyAtmika UrjA ko saMcetanA dIpAvalI kA mahAna parva lagabhaga DhAI hajAra varSoM ke mAkAza meM sabhI ora se nirbandha evaM nirmukta se manAyA jA rahA hai| kara ananta cetanA ke vyApAra ko pAlokita kara bhagavAna mahAvIra kisI loka se bhagavAna bana diyA thaa| usa pAloka kI smRti svarUpa kArtika kara nahIM Ae the| janma-janmAntaroM kI sAdhanA se kRSNa amAvasyA ko bhAratavarSa meM ghara-ghara dIpa tapaHpUta ho kara vajra kI kAyA meM manuSya janma prajvalita kie jAte haiM / kyoMki bhagavAna mahAvIra pAyA thA / nara se nArAyaNa bana kara apanI AtmAko isa dina 'kaivalyabodha' yA 'kevalajJAna' prApta sAdhanA ke dvArA sarvajJa pada prApta kiyA thA / IsvI humA thaa| bhAratIya saMskRti va sAhitya meM dIpaka parva 527 meM rAjagRha ke nikaTa pAvApura meM jisa mAna kA pratIka hai / dIpAvalI eka se nahIM, kintu kSaNa bhagavAna ko nirvANa huA thA, usI samaya deva

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1-70 indroM ke sAtha hI narendroM ne bhI aThAraha mallalicchavi narezoM ne dIpa mAlAchoM ko prajvalita kara nirdhAraNa - mahotsava manAyA thA / zrAja vahI mahotsava deza-dezAntaroM meM abhinava rUpa meM manAyA jA rahA hai| jJAna kA yaha mahAparva saMsAra meM jJAnavijJAna ke nita navIna vAtAyanoM kA udghATana kare aura pUrA mAnava samAja mila kara satsAhitya va adhyAtma kA pracAra kare, tabhI isa mahotsava kI sArthakatA hai / jaina samAja se apekSA hai ki videzoM meM jainadharma aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ko samajhane kI tIvra utkaNThA hai, unakI bhASA meM jaina sAhitya nahIM hone se ve usase vaMcita rahe zraura yaha dAyitva jaina samAja kA hai ki ve bhagavAna mahAvIra ko apane taka sImita na rakha kara jana-jana taka sulabha karAyeM, unake siddhAnta aura sandeza duniyA ke kone-kone taka phailA deM / yaha bhagavAna mahAvIra ne mukhya rUpa se ahiMsA, anekAnta aura aparigraha kA sandeza diyA thA / dharma eka hI hai aura vaha hai- prahiMsA / mAnava jAti eka hai aura usakA dharma eka hai- prahiMsA / anekAnta ahiMsA kA vaicArika pakSa hai aura aparigraha vyAvahArika / pratyeka vidyA ke do hI pakSa hote haiMthyorI aura prekTikala / anekAnta thyorI hai zrIra aparigraha prekTikala rUpa / manuSya meM anAsakti mora anAgrahI vRtti Ae, yahI ahiMsA dharma kA lakSya hai / anekAnta se anAgrahI vRtti banatI hai aura maparigraha meM manuSya Asakti se dUra haTa jAtA hai, vastu se lagAva nahIM rahatA / ina tIna 'pra' (ahiMsA, anekAnta ra aparigraha ) meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana-darzana lakSita hotA hai / mahAtmA gAMdhI kahate haiN| 'anekAnta vAda (syAdvAda ) mujhe bahuta priya hai / usa se maiMne musalamAnoM kI dRSTi se unakA, IsA - iyoM kI dRSTi se unakA, isa prakAra anya sabhI kA vicAra karanA siikhaa| mere vicAroM ko yA kArya ko koI galata mAnatA, taba mujhe usakI ajJAnatA para pahale krodha pAThA thA / paba maiM unakA effbandu unakI prAMkhoM se dekha sakatA hUM, kyoMki maiM jagata ke prema kA bhUkhA huuN| anekAntavAda kA mUla satya kA yugala hai / anekAnta ne satya kI khoja ke dvAra sadA sadA ke lie unmukta kara die haiM / koI bhI usa satya ko samajha sakatA hai, upalabdha kara sakatA hai / vahAM na kisI jAti kA baghana hai aura na kula kA / vinAza ke kagAra para bhUlane vAlI mAnavatA ko bacAne ke lie prathama sandeza anekAnta kA hai / pratyeka mAnava ko usake deza kI paristhitiyoM meM sahI taura para samajhane kA prayatna kareM / phira, jo use iSTa hai, vahI hama cAheMge / jo aura jaisA hameM acchA lagatA hai, vahI dUsaroM ko bhI acchA lagatA hai / hama sArA saMgraha kara usa para ekAdhikAra kara khuda mAlika bana jAte haiM aura dUsare ko usa meM bhAgIdAra nahIM banAnA cAhate hai, yahI parigraha-vRtti hai / saba anarthoM kA mUla yaha parigraha kI prAsakti hai / sabhI saMgharSa adhikAra- buddhi se utpanna hote haiM / Aja kI duniyA meM bhautikatA ke parigraha kI cAroM ora jo pratispardhAeM cala rahI haiM, una se bhaviSya kyA hogA, kahA nahIM jA sakatA ? kintu itanA nizcita hai ki saMsAra meM isa se zAMti sthApita nahIM ho sakatI / bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vAraNI hai icchAeM prAkAza ke samAna ananta haiM / ye durlabhya haiM / ina icchAoM se rahita ho jAnA praparigraha hai / aparigraha meM bhItara aura bAhara kI sabhI granthiyoM kA mocana ho jAtA hai| parigraha se manuSya meM bhaya utpanna hotA hai| adhika milane para bhI saMgraha na kre| kyoMki parigraha ke samAna koI jAla nahIM hai / saMsAra ke sukha bhogoM kI prApti meM hI prANI jagat lIna hai| kintu tIna lokoM ke vaibhava prApta ho jAne para bhI manuSya ko tRpti nahIM milatI / dhana-vaibhava ke hAtha se nikala jAne para manuSya pratyanta dukhI hotA hai / prataeva paramArtha se indriyoM ke sukha kI abhilASA parigraha hai / aparigraho ko saMsAra kA koI bhI viSaya apanI moda

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1-71 barSita kara Asakta va mohita karane meM samartha nahIM aura samAna-vitaraNa meM samAja kI bhalAI kaha kara hotaa| aparigrahI saMsAra meM pAnI meM kamala kI virAma le lete haiM, vahIM kaha sakate haiM ki jainadharma saraha viSaya-bhogoM meM alipta rahatA hai / vAstava isake Age prAdhyAtmika sAmyavAda taka le jAtA meM duniyA meM aparigrahI hI sukhI hai| hai| sarvatantravihIna saccI svatantratA hameM pUrNa * jainadharma ne zArIrika hiMsA kI apekSA mAna- ahiMsaka va paramAtmA banane para upalabdha ho sakatI sika hiMsA na karane para vizeSa bala diyA hai| hai| vizvakavi ravIndra Taigora kA kathana spaSTa haisaMsAra meM jahAM bhI zoSaNa, atyAcAra, zItayuddha, _ 'bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bhAratavarSa ko usa mukti saMgharSa, tanAva va eka dUsare ko kaida kara apane kA sandeza diyA, jo dharma kI vAstavikatA hai, kevala vicAroM ke Azrita banAe rakhane kI vRtti lakSita sAmAjika rUr3hi nahIM hai / mukti dharma kI usa vAstahotI hai, yaha saba mAnasika hiMsA kA pariNAma hai| jaba taka saMsAra meM mAnasika hiMsA kI ugratA banI vikatA ke mAzraya se upalabdha hotI hai jo nivRtti paraka hai tathA sAmAjika pradarzana va rUr3hiyoM se pare rahegI, taba taka vizva-zAMti kI bAta nahIM socI jA sktii| Apasa meM baiThakara zAMti-sthApanA ke hai evaM manuSya-manuSya ke bIca koI dIvAra nahIM mAnatI hai / saMsAra meM manuSya sAmAjIkaraNa kara sakatA prayatnoM kI carcA bhI tabhI saphala ho sakatI hai, jabaki hamAre mana tanAvarahita ho| ahiMsA kI hai, rASTrIyakaraNa kara sakatA hai, manuSya kintu sthiti meM kisI prakAra kA tanAva nahIM hotaa| svabhAva ke sAmAjIkaraNa ke binA asantulana tathA isaliye jainadharma kahatA hai ki mAnasika kSobha se viSamatA sadA banI hI rahatI hai / aisI sthiti meM rahita AtmA kI samatA pariNati kA nAma ahiMsA ahiMsA mAnava-mano-vRttiyoM ke sAmAjIkaraNa kI hai / yaha koI vAda nahIM hai| phira bhI prApa cAheM dizA meM eka Avazyaka hI nahIM, anivArya bhUmikA hai| aura yahI kAraNa hai ki lAkhoM varSoM ke itihAsa to saMsAra ke vAdoM meM jahAM samAjavAda, sAmyavAda / __ meM ahiMsA kI jitanI pahale kabhI AvazyakatA vastu ke vikendrIkaraNa, sAmAjika sampatti ke niyantraNa evaM rASTrIyakaraNa kI pairavI karate haiM nahA thA, usasa bar3ha kara Aja AvazyakatA hai /

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dIpa jale -zrI ghAsIrAma jaina 'candra' zivapurI jaga maga jaga maga nava dIpa jale / haiM Aja praphullita vRkSalatA, Daga Daga meM phailI sundaratA / kaNa karaNa meM Ananda barasa rhaa| jaga sajaga huvA mana haraSa rahA / car3ha tyAga tapasyA ke ratha pai ziva patha sAdhaka prabhu vIra cle| ____ jaga maga jaga maga nava dIpa jale / / zasi kiraNa calI astAcala meM, vara bhAnu udita chiti aMcala meN| tAraka mAlA chavi kSINa huI hai madhura aruNimA jala thala meM / nizi se prabhAta kI prabhA maMju mila rahI Aja bhara prema gale / jaga maga jaga maga nava dIpa jle| varavasa barasA par3atA kaMcana, saba TUTa gaye bhava ke baMdhana, tribhuvana bolA kara kara vaMdana, jaya he jaya he trizalAnaMdana / pAye hamane varadAna vipula bhArata ke anupama bhAga bhale / jaga maga jaga maga nava dIpa jale / /

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bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita siddhAnta jitane gUr3ha, gaMbhIra va grAhya haiM; unakA vartamAna jIvana (bhava) utanA hI sAdA, sarala evaM sapATa vItarAgI vyaktitva : hai; usameM vividhatAoM ko koI sthAna prApta nahIM hai| unakA vartamAna jIvana ghaTanA-bahula nahIM hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ghaTanAoM meM unake vyaktitva ko khojanA bhI vyartha hai| DA. hukamacanda bhArilla, jayapura / ghaTanA samagra jIvana ke eka khaNDa para prakAza DAlatI hai| ghaTanAmoM meM jIvana ko dekhanA use khaNDoM meM bAMTanA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vyaktitva makhaNDa hai, avibhAjya hai, usakA vibhAjana saMbhava nahIM hai| unake vyaktitva ko ghaTanAoM meM bAMTanA, zaMkA ko samApta karane vAlI ghaTanA kucha vizeSa unake vyaktitva ko khaMDita karanA hai| akhaNDita vyakta nahIM kara sktii| . darpaNa meM bimba prakhaNDa aura vizAla pratibimbita bar3hate to apUrNa haiM, jo pUrNatA ko prApta ho hote haiM, kintu kAMca ke TUTa jAne para pratibimba cukA ho; use vartamAna kahanA kahAM taka sArthaka bhI aneka aura kSudra ho jAte haiN| unakI ekatA ho sakatA hai / isI prakAra mahAvIra ko vIratA ko aura vizAlatA khaNDita ho jAtI hai| ve apanA sAMpa mora hAthI vAlI ghaTanAmoM se nApanA kahA~ vAstavika artha kho dete haiM / taka saMbhava hai; yaha eka vicArane kI bAta hai| - bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bhAkAzavat vizAla aura yadyapi mahAvIra ke jIvana saMbaMdhI ukta ghaTanAeM sAgara se gaMbhIra vyaktitva ko bAlaka varddhamAna kI zAstroM meM variNata haiM tathApi ve bAlaka varddhamAna ko bAla-sulabha krIDAoM se jor3ane para unakI garimA vRddhiMgata batAtI haiM, bhagavAna mahAvIra ko nhiiN| bar3hatI nahIM, varan khaMDita hotI hai| sanmati zabda sAMpa se na DaranA bAlaka varddhamAna ke lie gaurava kA kitanA bhI mahAna artha kyoM na ho, yaha kevala- kI bAta ho sakatI hai, hAthI ko vaza meM karanA jJAna kI virATatA ko apane meM nahIM sameTa sktaa| rAjakumAra vartamAna ke lie prazaMsanIya kArya ho kevalajJAnI ke lie sanmati nAma choTA hI par3egA, sakatA hai, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke liye nhiiN| prAcAryoM prochA hI rhegaa| vaha kevalajJAnI kI mahAnatA ne unheM yathAsthAna hI iMgita kiyA hai| vana vihArI vyakta karane meM samartha nahIM ho sktaa| jinako pUrNa prabhaya ko prApta mahAvIra evaM pUrNa vItarAgI, vANI evaM darzana ne anekoM kI zaMkAeM samApta kI, sarvasvAtaMtrya ke udghoSaka tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra anekoM ko sanmArga dikhAyA ho, satpatha meM ke lie sAMpa se na DaranA, hAthI ko kAbU meM rakhanA lagAyA ho; unakI mahAnatA ko kisI eka kI kyA mahatva rakhate haiN|

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1-74 jisa prakAra bAlaka ke janma ke sAtha iSTa mitra jisake jIvana meM na pApa kA udaya ho pora na pApa va sambandhI-jana vastrAdi lAte haiM aura kabhI-kabhI bhAva ho, to phira durghaTanAeM kaise ghaTeMgI, kyoM to saikar3oM jor3I vastra bAlaka ko ikaTThe ho jAte ghaTeMgI ? niSTa saMyoga pApa ke udaya ke binA haiM / lAte to sabhI bAlaka ke anurUpa hI haiM, para ve saMbhava nahIM hai tathA vaibhava aura bhogoM meM ulajhAva saba kapar3e to bAlaka ko pahinAe nahIM jA skte| pApa bhAva ke binA asaMbhava hai| bhoga ke bhAvarUpa bAlaka dina-pratidina bar3hatA jAtA hai, vastra to pApa-bhAva ke sadbhAva meM ghaTane vAlI ghaTanAmoM meM bar3hate nhiiN| jaba bAlaka 20-25 varSa kA ho jAve zAdI eka aisI durghaTanA hai, jisake ghaTa jAne para taba koI mAM unheM vahI vastra pahinAne kI soce, durghaTanAoM kA eka kabhI na samApta hone vAlA jo janma ke samaya bhAye the aura jinakA prayoga silasilA prArambha ho jAtA hai| saubhAgya se nahIM kara pAyA hai, to kyA ve vastra 20-25 varSIya mahAvIra ke jIvana meM yaha durghaTanA na ghaTa skii| yuvaka ko mA pAyeMge ? nahIM Ane para vastra lAne eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki unakA jIvana ghaTanA vAloM ko bhalA burA kaheM to yaha usakI hI mUrkhatA pradhAna nahIM hai| mAnI jAyegI, vastra lAne vAloM kI nhiiN| isI loga kahate haiM ki bacapana meM kisake sAtha kyA prakAra mahAvIra ke varddhamAna, vIra, ativIra Adi nahIM ghaTatA, kisake ghaTane nahIM phUTa nAma unheM usa samaya diye gaye the, jaba ve nitya nahIM TUTate ? mahAvIra ke sAtha bhI nizcita rUpa se bar3ha rahe the, sanmati (mati-jJAnI) the, bAlaka the, yaha saba kucha ghaTA hI hogA ? bhale hI prAcAryoM ne rAjakumAra the| unhIM ghaTanAoM pora nAmoM ko na likhA ho| para bhAI sAhaba : durghaTanAeM bacapana lekara hama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ko samajhanA se nahIM, bacapane se ghaTatI haiM; mahAvIra ke bacapana cAheM, samajhAnA cAheM, to yaha hamArI buddhi kI hI to pAyA thA, para bacapanA unameM nahIM thaa| ataH kamI hogI na ki likhane vAle prAcAryoM kii| ve ghuTane phUTane aura dAMta TUTane kA savAla hI nahI nAma, ve vIratA kI carcAeM yathA-samaya sArthaka thiiN| utthtaa| ve to bacapana se hI sarala, zAMta evaM tIrthakara mahAvIra ke virATa vyaktitva ko ciMtanazIla vyaktitva ke dhanI the| upadrava karanA samajhane ke lie hameM unheM virAgI vItarAgI dRSTi- unake svabhAva meM hI na thA aura binA upadrava ke koNa se dekhanA hogaa| ve dharmakSetra ke vIra, aMti- dA~ta TUTanA, ghuTane phUTanA saMbhava nhiiN| vIra aura mahAvIra the, yuddhakSetra ke nhiiN| yuddhakSetra kucha kA kahanA yaha bhI hai ki na sahI bacapana aura dharmakSetra meM bahuta bar3A aMtara hai| yusukSetra meM meM para javAnI to ghaTanAoM kA hI kAla hai| zatru kA nAza kiyA jAtA hai aura dharma kSetra meM javAnI meM to kucha na kucha ghaTA hI hogaa| para zatrutA kA, yuddhakSetra meM para ko jItA jAtA hai aura bandhuvara ! javAnI meM durghaTanAeM unake sAtha paTatI dharmakSetra meM svayaM ko| yuddhakSetra meM para ko mArA haiM, jina para javAnI car3hatI hai, mahAvIra to javAnI jAtA hai aura dharma kSetra meM apane vikAroM ko| para car3he the, javAnI una para nhiiN| javAnI bar3hane __ mahAvIra kI vIratA meM daur3a-dhUpa nahIM, uchala- kA artha hai-yauvana saMbaMdhI vikRtiyA~ utpanna honA kUda nahIM, mArakATa nahIM, hAhAkAra nahIM, anantazAMti aura javAnI para car3hane kA tAtparya zArIriNa hai| unake vyaktitva meM vaibhava kA nahIM, vItarAga- sauSThava kA pUrNatA ko prApta honA hai| vijJAna kI virATatA hai| rAga saMbaMdhI vikRti bhogoM meM pragaTa hotI! eka bAta yaha bhI to hai ki durghaTanAe'yA to aura dvaSa saMbaMdhI vidroha meM na ve rAgI the, pApa ke udaya se ghaTatI haiM yA pApa bhAva ke kaarnn| dvaSI / prataH na ve bhogI the aura na hI drohii|

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1-75 mahAvIra ne vidroha nahIM, adroha kiyA thaa| ghara meM jo kucha ghaTatA hai, apanI aura se vidroha, broha kA hI eka bheda hai| droha svayaM eka ghaMTatA hai para vana meM to bAhara se bahuta kucha ghaTa vikAra hai| unhoMne na svayaM se droha kiyA, na jAne ke prasaMga rahate haiM kyoMki ghara meM bAhara ke isaroM se / unhoMne droha kA prabhAva kiyA thA, ataH AkramaNa se surakSA kA prabandha prAyaH rahatA hai| unheM pradrohI hI kahA jA sakatA hai, vidrohI nhiiN| yadi koI utpAta ho, to antara ke vikAroM ke droha-droha ko utpanna karatA hai, droha se pradroha kA kAraNa hI hotA dekhA jAtA hai, para vana meM bAhara se janma nahIM ho sktaa| unhoMne kisI ke prati surakSA prabandha kA prabhAva hone se ghaTanAeM ghaTane kI vidroha karake ghara nahIM chor3A thaa| unakA tyAga saMbhAvanA adhika rahatI hai| mAnA ki mahAvIra kA vidroha mUlaka na thaa| unake tyAga aura saMyama ke antara vizuddha thA / ataH ghara meM kucha na ghaTA, para kAraNoM ko dUsaroM meM khojanA mahAvIra ke sAtha vana meM to ghaTA hI hogA ? anyAya hai| ve 'na kAhU se dostI na kAhU se baira' hA~ ! hA~ ! avazya ghaTA thA para loka jaise ke rAste para cale the| ghaTane ko ghaTanA mAnatA hai, vaisA kucha nahIM ghaTA vItarAgI-patha para calane vAle virAgI mahAvIra thaa| rAga-dveSa ghaTa gaye the, taba to ve vana ko ko samajhane ke lie unake antara meM jhAMkanA hogaa| gaye hI the / kyA rAga-dveSa kA ghaTanA koI ghaTanA unakA vairAgya deza-kAla kI paristhitiyoM se nahIM hai / para bahimukhI dRSTi vAloM ko rAga-dveSa utpanna nahIM huA thaa| unake kAraNa unake aMtaraMga ghaTane meM kucha ghaTanA sA nahIM lagatA / yadi tijorI meM vidyamAna the unakA paropajIvI nahIM thA . jo me se lAkha, do lAkha rupayA ghaTa jAyeM, zarIra meM se rAgya kinhIM viziSTa paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa kucha khUna ghaTa jAye, prAMkha, nAka, kAna ghaTa jAya, utpanna hotA hai, vaha kSaNa-jIvI hotA hai| pari* kaTa jAya to ise bahuta bar3I ghaTanA lagatI hai, para sthitiyoM ke badalate hI, usakA samApta ho jAnA rAga dveSa ghaTa jAyeM to ise ghaTanA hI nahIM lgtaa| saMbhava hai| vana meM hI to mahAvIra rAgI se vAtarAgI bane the, yadi deza-kAla kI paristhitiyA~ mahAvIra ke alpa jJAnI se pUrNa jJAnI bane the| sarvajJatA aura anukUla hotI to kyA ve vairAgya dhAraNa na karate; tIrthakaratva vana meM hI to pAyA thaa| kyA yaha bahasthI basAte; rAjya karate ? nahIM, kadApi nhiiN|' ghaTanAe~ choTI haiM ? kyA kama haiM ? isase bar3I bhI aura paristhitiyAM unake pratikUla thI hI kaba? koI ghaTanA ho sakatI hai ? mAnava se bhapavAna bana jIrthakara mahAna puNyazAlI mahApuruSa hote haiM, ataH jAnA koI choTo ghaTanA hai ? para jagat ko to paristhitiyoM kA pratikUla honA sabhava nahIM thaa| isameM koI ghaTanA sI hI nahIM lgtii| tor3a-phor3a . vairAgya yA virAga rAga ke prabhAva kA nAma kI ruci-vAle jagat ko tor3a-phor3a meM hI ghaTanA hai, vidroha kA nAma nhiiN| ve vairAgI rAga ke najara pAtI hai, antara meM zAMti se ca he jo kucha . prabhAva ke kAraNa bane the. na ki vidroha ke kaarnn| ghaTa jAya. use. bara. ghaTanA 1. ghaTanA sA nahIM mahAvIra vairAgI rAjakumAra the, na ki vidrohii| lagatA hai / antara meM jo kucha pratipala ghaTa rahA hai mahAvIra jaise adrohI mahA mAnava meM vidroha khoja vaha to sase dikhAI nahIM detA, bAhara meM kucha hala. binA abhUtapUrva khoja buddhi ke pariNAma haiM / bAlU cala ho, tabhI kucha ghaTA sA bagatA hai| meM se tela nikAla lene jaisA yatna hai| bandhyA ke jaba taka devAMganAeM lubhAne ko na mAveM aura hunja ke vivAha varNanavat kalpanA kI ur3AneM haiM. unake lubhAte para bhI koI mahApuruSa na Dige taba Pant na mora hai, na chor| taka hameM usakI visagatA meM zakla banI rahatI hai|

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1-76 jaba taka koI patthara na barasAeM, upadrava na kare baMdhana nahIM hai| usameM sarva-bandhanoM kI asvIkRti aura upadrava meM bhI koI mahAtmA zAnta na banA rahe hai| sAdhu kA koI veSa nahIM hotA, nagnatA koI taba taka hameM usakI vIta-dveSatA samajha meM nahIM veSa nahI / veSa sAja-saMbhAra hai, sAdhu ko sjnepaatii| yadi prabala puNyodaya se kisI mahAtmA ke saMvarane kI phursata hI kahA~ hai ? usakA sajane kA isa prakAra ke pratikUla saMyoga na mileM to kyA vaha bhAva hI calA gayA hai / sajane meM "maiM dUsaroM ko vItarAgI aura vItadveSI nahIM bana sakatA, kyA kaisA lagatA hUM ?" kA bhAva pramukha rahatA hai / sAdhu vItarAgI aura vItaSI banane ke lie devAMganAoM ko dUsaroM se prayojana hI nahIM hai, vaha jaisA hai vaisA kA DigAnA aura rAkSasoM kA upadrava prAvazyaka hI hai| vaha apane meM aisA magna hai ki dUsaroM ke hai ? kyA vItarAgatA ina kAlpanika ghaTanAoM ke sare usake binA prApta aura saMpreSita nahIM kI jA sakatI hai ? bAre meM kyA socate haiM, isakI use paravAha hI nhiiN| kyA mujhe kSamAzIla hone ke lie sAmane vAloM kA sarva veSa zRgAra ke sUcaka haiN| sAdhu ko zRMgAra gAlI denA, mujhe satAnA jarUrI hai, kyA usake kI AvazyakatA hI nhiiN| prataH usakA koI veSa satAe binA maiM zAnta nahIM ho sakatA ? ye kucha nahIM hotA / aise prazna haiM, jo bAhya ghaTanAoM kI kamI ke / kAraNa mahAvIra ke caritra meM rUkhApana mAnane vAloM digambara koI veSa nahIM hai, sampradAya nahIM hai, maura cintita hone vAloM ko vicAraNIya haiN|| vastu kA svarUpa hai| para hama veSoM ko dekhane ke . vana meM jAne se pUrva hI mahAvIra bahuta kucha itane AdI ho gaye haiM ki veSa ke binA soca nahIM vItarAgI ho gaye the / rahA-sahA rAga bhI tor3a, skte| hamArI bhASA veSoM kI bhASA ho gayI hai| prataH hamAre lie digambara bhI veSa ho gayA hai| pUrNa vItarAgI banane, nagna digambara ho vana ko cala par3e the| unake lie vana aura nagara meM koI ho kyA gayA,-kahA jAne lagA hai| saba veSoM meM bheda nahIM rahA thaa| saba kucha chUTa gayA thA, ve saba kucha utAranA par3atA hai aura kucha pahinanA hotA hai, se TUTa gaye the| unhoMne saba kucha chor3A thA; kucha para isameM chor3anA hI chor3anA hai, ar3hA kucha bhI nahIM hai| chor3anA bhI kyA udheDanA hai, chaTanA hai| pror3hA na thA / ve sAdhu bane nahIM, ho gaye the / sAdhu andara se saba kucha chuTa gayA hai, deha bhI chUTa gayI banane meM veSa palaTanA par3atA hai, sAdhu hone meM svayaM hai, para bAhara se prabhI vastra hI chaTe haiM, deha chUTane hI palaTa jAtA hai| svayaM ke badala jAne para veSa meM abhI kucha samaya laga sakatA hai, para vaha bhI bhI sahaja hI badala jAtA hai| veSa badala kyA chUTanA hai, kyoMki usake prati bhI jo rAga thA vaha jAtA hai, sahaja vepa ho jAtA hai, yathA-jAta veSa ho TUTa cukA hai / deha raha gayI hai to raha gayI hai, jaba jAtA hai; jaisA paidA huA thA. vahI raha jAtA hai, chUTegI taba chUTa jAyagI, para usakI bhI paravAha bAkI saba chUTa jAtA hai| chUTa gayI hai| vastuta: sAdhu kI koI Dresa hI nahIM hai, saba DesoM kA tyAga hI sAdhu kA veSa hai / Dresa badalane mahAvIra munirAja barddhamAna nagara chor3a vana meM' se sAdhutA nahIM pAtI, sAdhunA mAne para Dresa chUTa cale gye| para ve vana meM bhI gaye kahAM haiM ? ve to jAtI hai| yathA jAtarUpa (nagna) hI sahaja veSa hai apane meM cale gaye haiM, unakA vana meM bhI apanatva paura saba veSa to zramasAdhya haiM, dhAraNa karane rUpa kahAM hai ? unheM banavAsI kahanA bhI upacAra hai, haiM / ve sAdhu ke veSa nahIM ho sakate kyoMki unameM ve vana meM bhI kahAM rahe ? ve to mAtmavAsI haiN| gAMTha hai, unameM gAMTha bAMdhanoM anivArya hai, sAdhutA na unheM nagara se lagAva hai, ma vana se; ve to donoM .

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1-77 se alaga ho gaye haiM, unakA to para se alagAva hI rAgiyoM ke hote haiM, aura zatru dveSiyoM ke / bItaalagAva hai| rAgiyoM kA kona mitra aura kauna zatru ? koI rAgI vana meM jAyagA to kuTiyA banAyagA, unase zatrutA karo to karo, mitratA karo to karo, vahAM bhI dhara basAyagA, grAma aura nagara basAyagA, una para unakI koI pratikriyA nahIM hotI hai| bhale hI usakA nAma kucha bhI ho, hai to vaha ghara zatru-mitra ke prati samabhAva kA artha hI zatra-mitra hii| rAgI vana meM bhI maMdira ke nAma para mahala basA- kA abhAva hai| unake lie unakA na koI zatru yagA,mahaloM meM bhI upavana bsaaygaa| vaha vana meM thA aura na koI mitr| anya loga unheM apanA rahakara bhI mahaloM ko chor3egA nahIM, mahala meM rahakara zatru mAno to mAno, apanA mitra mAno to mAno, bhI vana ko chor3egA nhiiN| aba ve kisI ke kucha bhI na raha gaye the| kisI unakA citta jagat ke prati sajaga na hokara kA kucha rahane meM kucha lagAva hotA hai, unheM jagat prAtmaniSTha thaa| deza-kAla kI paristhitiyoM ke se koI lagAva hI na rahA thaa| kAraNa unhoMne apanI vAsanAoM ko damana nahIM - eka adhaTa ghaTanA mahAvIra ke jIvana meM avazya kiyA thaa| unheM damana kI AvazyakatA bhI na thI ghaTI thI mAja se 2501 varSa pahale dIpAvalI ke kyoMki vAsanAeM svayaM prasta ho cukI thiiN| dina jaba ve ghaTa (deha) se alaga ho gaye adhaTa ho unhoMne sarvathA mauna dhAraNa kara liyA thA, gaye the, ghaTa-ghaTa ke vAsI hokara bhI ghaTavAsI bhI bolane kA bhAva bhI na rahA thA / vANI na rahe the, gRha vAMsI aura vanavAsI to bahuta dUra para se jor3atI hai, unheM para se jur3anA hI na thaa|' kI bAta hai| antima ghaTa (deha) ko bhI tyAga vANI vicAroM kI vAhaka hai, vaha vicAroM kA mukta ho gaye the| isase abhUtapUrva ghaTanA kisI ke pAda na-pradAna karane meM iimatta hai, vaha samajhane- jIvana meM koI anya nahIM ho sakatI para yaha jagata samajha ne ke kAma AtI hai, unheM kisI se kucha isa ko ghaTanA ma ne taba hai na / samabhanA hI na thA, jo samajhane yogya thA use ve isa prakAra jagat se sarvathA alipta, sampUrNataH acchI taraha samajha cuke the, aba to usameM magna prAtmaniSTha mahAvIra ke jIvana ko samajhane ke lie the| unheM kisI ko samajhAne kA rAga bhI na rahA unake antara meM jhAMkanA hogA ki unake antara thA, ataH vANI kA kyA prayojana ? vAgI unheM meM kyA kucha ghaTA / unheM bAharI ghaTanAmoM se prApta kI, para vANI kI unheM mAvazyakatA hI na jApanA, bAharI ghanAproM meM bAMdhanA saMbhava nahIM hai| thii| jo unheM cAhiye hI nahIM, vaha rahe to rahe, yadi hamane unake Upara praghaTa-ghaTanAmoM ko thopane usase unheM kyA ? rahe to ThIka, na rahe to ThIka / kI koziza kI to vAstavika mahAvIra tirohita ve to nirantara Atma cintana meM hI lage rahate the| ho jAveMge, ve hamArI pakar3a se bAhara ho jAveMge __nahAnA-dhonA saba kucha chUTa gayA thaa| ve snAna ; aura jo mahAvIra hamAre hAtha lageMge, ve vAstavika aura data-dhovana ke vikalpa se bhI pare the| zatru mahAvIra ta hoMge, terI merI kalpanA ke mahAvIra bhora mitra meM samabhAva rakhane vAle munirAja varddha- hoge| yadi hameM vAstavika mahAvIra cAhiye / mAna girikandarAmoM meM vAsa karate the| vastuta: na to unheM kalpanAoM ke gheroM meM na gheriye / unheM unakA koI zatra hI rahA thA aura na koI mitr| samajhane kA yatna kIjie, apanI vikRta kalpanAmoM mitra aura zatru rAga-dveSa kI upaja haiN| jaba unake ko una para thopane kI anadhikAra ceSTA mata rAga dveSa hI samApta prAyaH the, taba zatru mitroM ke kiijie| rahane kA koI prazna hI nahIM raha gayA thaa| mitra

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tIna satya suzIlA kumArI aura ema. e. dharmAlaMkAra jJAnI vaha kahalAtA hai jo| saguNa tIna ye rakhatA hai| tyAga, caritra, kArya ttprtaa| jIvana meM apanAtA hai| sva-AtmA meM rata rahakara jo| parapIr3A ko haratA hai| athaka parizrama karate rahakara / / ___ jIvana arpita karatA hai / vIra vahI kahalAtA hai jo| - nahIM kisI se DaratA hai| bheda-bhAva mana meM nahIM rkhtaa| samadRSTi se rahatA hai|

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divAlI aura usakA rUpa divAlI dIpAvali kA apabhraMza rUpa hai| saMskRta ke dIpAvali se divAlI zabda jana bolI ke rUpa meM prAyA, bAda meM isa zabda ne mAnA rUpa sAhitya meM bhI sthira kara liyaa| dIpAvalI kA artha hai dIpoM kI paMkti / saMskRta meM pAvali tathA prAvalI ha sva ikArAnta tathA dIrgha ikArAnta donoM prakAra ke zabda pAe jAte haiM / jaba in pratyaya hotA hai taba ha.sva dIpAvali aura jaba vikalpa se hoS pratyaya hotA hai taba dIrgha dIpAvalI zabda vyAkaraNa ke anusAra niSpanna hotA hai| dIpAvalI zabda ke artha se spaSTa hai ki isa tyohAra meM dIpoM kI paMkti prajvalita kara jyoti camakA kara prakAza kiyA jAtA hai| kisI bhI tyohAra kA eka kAraNa hotA hai aura usake AdhAra para usakI paramparA pracalita hotI hai| dIpAvalI ke pracalana ke sambandha meM vibhinna dhAraNAeM nimna prakAra haiM(ka) svAmI dayAnanda ko 30 akTUbara 1883 ko divAlI ke dina dUdha meM kAMca diyA gayA thA aura ThIka divAlI ke dina saMdhyA 6 baje daidIpyamAna zarIra chor3akara unakI prAtmA svarga sidhAra gaI thI-Arya samAja meM jJAna kA prakAza karane vAlA cetana dIpa bujha gayA thaa| usI kI smRti ko sajaga karane ke lie dIpoM kI paMkti prajvalita karate haiM jisase prAtmA meM jJAna kI preraNA prApta ho / (kha) sikkha bhAiyoM ke chaThe guru zrI harigovinda kA svargArohaNa bhI divAlI ke dina huA thaa| unakI pAvana smRti kA pratIka yaha dina hai| DA.kanchedIlAla zAstrI . . rAjakIya saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, zahaDola ma0pra0

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1-80 (ga) eka mAnyatA hai ki svAmI zaMkarAcAryajI mRtyu nahIM hogI, isIlie dhanaterasa se bhaiyA kA nazvara zarIra satyaM brahma jaganmithyA rUpa dUja taka yaha tyauhAra manAyA jAtA hai / advaita kA pracAra karake divAlI ke dina isa saMbaMdha meM jainadharmAvalambiyoM kI mAnyatA paramatatva meM vilIna ho gayA thA / brahma kI yaha hai ki bhagavAna rAma, viSNu aura yamarAja jyoti ke pratIka ke rUpa meM dIpoM kI paMkti saMbaMdhI kAraNoM ko chor3akara zeSa kAraNa eka prajvalita kI jAtI hai| mAkasmika saMyoga haiM, kyoMki kArtika kRSNa (gha) samrATa azoka ne digvijaya prApta kI thI pramAvasyA ko dIpa prajvalita karane kI prathA paura digvijaya kI prasannatA meM kArtika purAnI hai jabaki svAmI dayAnanda Adi kI kRSNA amAvasthA ko nagara meM dIpoM kI ghaTanAeM bahuta bAda kI haiM aura usa dina paMkti prajvalita karAI thI, tabhI se isakA ghaTita ho jAnA eka saMyoga kI bAta hai| pracalana hai| bhaviSya meM bhI aisA saMbhava hai ki divAlI ke dina hI kisI mahApuruSa kA janma yA svarga(Ga) bhagavAna rAma ne dazahare ke dina rAvaNa kA vAsa ho jAya / vadha kiyA thA aura usake 20 dina pazcAt bhagavAna rAma ke saMbaMdha meM ukta ghaTanA kA apane vanavAsa kI avadhi pUrI kara kArtika ullekha AdikAvya vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM nahIM kI amAvasyA ko ayodhyA pahuMce the / nagara milatA hai| balki Azvina zukla 10 dazahare ke ke logoM ne bhagavAna rAma ke prAgamana meM dIpa dina ko rAvaNa vadha ke rUpa meM vizeSa ullAsa ke prajvalita kara AratI utAra kara unakA sAtha manAte haiM aura rAma kA guNagAna karate haiM / svAgata kiyA thaa| tabhI se dIpAvalI manAI viSNu ne rAjA bali se vAmana (choTe zarIra kA) jAtI hai| rUpa dhAraNa karake bhUmi dAna meM mAMgI thI yaha ghaTanA (ca) svAmI rAmatIrtha lAhaura ke krizciyana divAlI kI nahIM balki rakSA bandhana (zrAvaNa zuklA kAleja meM gaNita ke prophesara the| zrI pUrNamAsI) kI hai| rAjA bali kI dAnavIratA utanI vivekAnanda ke bhASaNa se prabhAvita hokara mahatvapUrNa nahIM thI jitanI mahatvapUrNa bAta viSNu - tapasyA karane himAlaya cale gae the / ve dvArA zarIra ko choTA aura phira vizAla banAkara apane pApako rAma ke nAma se sambodhita bali ke atyAcAra se trANa karatA thaa| karate the| unhoMne 1906 kI divAlI ko yamarAja ke saMbaMdha meM pAMca dina ke utsava kI rAmagaMgA meM samAdhi lI thii| bAta hai jabaki divAlI mukhya rUpa se kArtika kI (cha) eka mAnyatA hai ki bhagavAna viSNu ne rAjA amAvasyA ko eka dina manAI jAtI hai| bali kI dAnavIratA se prasanna hokara dhanaterasa jaina dharmAvalamviyoM kA mAnanA yaha hai ki se lekara tIna dina taka utsava manAne kI kArtika kRSNA trayodazI kI rAsa se bhagavAna mahAvIra preraNA karake dIpamAlikA tyohAra prArambha ne pAvAnagarI meM 24 ghaNTe kA yoga nirodha kiyA kiyA thA / thA aura kArtika kRSNA caturdazI kI rAta ko (ja) kucha kA kathana hai ki yamarAja ne varadAna svAti nakSatra ke samaya I0 pUrva 26 ko nirvANa mAMgA thA ki kArtika badI 13 (dhanaterasa) prApta kiyA thaa| zvetAmvara sAhitya ke anusAra se kArtika zukla doja (bhaiyA dUja) taka 5 kArtika kRSNA amAvasyA kI rAtri ko nirdhAraNa dina jo loga utsava manAveMge unakI akAla hunnA thaa| isa prakAra 24 ghaNTe kA antara hai|

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1-81 mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke samaya aneka dezoM ke kaI loga apane yahAM zrI gaNezAya namaH likhate rAjA upasthita the| logoM ne yaha kahakara dIpaka haiN| unakA Azaya mahAvIra ke pradhAna gaNadhara gaNa jalAe the ki aba sacetana dharmacakra pravartaka jJAna + Iza (indrabhUti gautama) ko namaskAra karane se hai / sUrya asta ho gayA hai, bhautika prakAza karanA caahie| lakSmyai namaH kA prAzaya mahAvIra ko prApta mukti usI dina bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vaNI jhelane vAle lakSmI ko namana karane se hai / sindUra se banAe jAne pradhAna gaNadhara ina gautama ko kevalajJAna bAla 12 kAThA kA prAzaya samavazaraNa ma bAle 12 koThoM kA prAzaya samavazaraNa meM baiThane ke divya-jJAna prApta huprA thaa| dIpakoM kI paMkti unake lie bane hue 12 koThoM ke pratIka se hai / divya jJAna kI pratIka bhI hai| vyApArI kI bahiyoM ke badale jAne se anumAna ___bhAratIya saMskRti samanvaya vAdI rahI hai, isa- kiyA jAtA hai ki isI dina vIra nirvANa samvat lie bhAratIya tyohAroM ko sabhI sampradAya evaM badalatA hai| varga ke loga manAte haiN| mahAvIra svayaM kSatriya dIvAlI taka loga apane apane ghara dvAroM kI kulotpanna the| inake gaNadhara brAhmaNa the| zrAvaka, saphAI kara lete haiM, yaha bahuta acchI bAta hai parantu zrAvikAeM adhikAMza vaizya the| mahAvIra kI mAtA logoM ne sArA dhyAna, rupaye, paise, tarAjU, bAMTa trizalA ke 7 bahaneM aura 11 bhAI the| 7 bahinoM meM lITara aura mITara kI pUjA para kendrita kara diyA 5 rAjagharAnoM meM vivAhita thIM, do avivAhita rahIM, hai| acche uddezya se prArambha kie gae isa utsava mahAvIra ke mAmA logoM ke vivAha saMbaMdha bhI rAja- meM aneka burAiyoM ne apanA sthAna banA liyA hai| gharAnoM meM hue the, ina saMbaMdhoM ke kAraNa mahAvIra ke juA, saTTA, madirApAna ina burAiyoM ko loga dvArA prasArita dharma ko jyAzraya prApta huA aura divAlI ke dina avazyakaraNIya aura acchA samajhate rAjAoM ke anukaraNa para janatA meM bhI unakA dharma haiM : paTAkhoM ke prayoga se deza kI bahuta sampatti to pracAra huaA thA / mahAvIra ke saMgha meM arjuna mAlI, Aga meM jalatI hI hai parantu isase kahIM kahIM, kabhI sakaDAla kumhAra Adi ke sammilita hone ke ullekha kabhI bhayaMkara nukasAna bhI ho jAte haiN| bhI milate haiN| isa taraha cAroM vargoM ke logoM ne kAza yaha tyohAra prAtmajyoti jagAne kA ukta utsava manAyA thaa| pratIka bana jAya / prAtma guNoM ke hAni lAbha kA kucha logoM kA kathana hai ki rakSAbandhana brAhmaNoM lekhA-jokhA dukAna ke hisAba kI taraha kara leveM kA, dazaharA kSatriyoM kA, dIpAvalI vaizyoM kA aura dUsaroM ke prati patroM dvArA zabdoM dvArA vyakta paura holI zUdra varNa kA tyauhAra hai| parantu aisI kI jAne vAlI zubhakAmanAeM kevala dikhAvA na bAta nahIM hai / dhArmika sahiSNutA aura samabhAva ke rahakara, vAstava meM Atmahita ke sAtha sabakA hita kAraNa sabhI loga sabhI tyauhAroM ko ullAsa se cAhane lageM to divAlI sarvodaya kA tyohAra bana manAte haiN| sakatI hai| ** * * *

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cakale kI vezyA sadAcAra kA upadeza .zrI padama kumAra seThI DImApura (nAgAlaiNDa) sATha karor3a kI AbAdI meM kucha loga kahate haiN| dharma karo kucha karma karo nAma ye hI basa raTate haiM / dharma kI paribhASA kyA hai, yaha unako mAlUma nhiiN| homa kara liyA jApa kara liyA, unakA basa hai dharma yahI / kitane bebasa kitane bhUkhe, najaroM ke Age rahate haiN| hAsya pada kitanA lagatA hai, upadeza jaba vo dete haiM / pIUMgA maiM rAta zarAba dina ko kahUMgA hai kharAba / dina meM kahatA chor3a ise, rAta ko kahatA kyA zabAba / lAnata tuma para detA hUM maiM, kahate kucha karate ho kucha / andhavizvAsa jakar3a rakhA hai, pakar3a rakhI basa usakI pUMcha / Izvara hama se kahatA hai, mujhe nahIM vicAra apnaayo| karma jaba acche nahIM kara sakate, najaroM se dUra cale jaayo| yahAM pUjA tuma merI karate ho, bAhara gande dama bharate ho / lene yahAM kyA Aye ho tuma, apamAna jo merA karate ho / Izvara itanA nirdayI nahIM jo, bhaktoM kI pukAra nahIM snegaa| karma karoge ulTe jaba tuma, phira batalAyo kaise sunegaa| hArdika icchA merI ye thI, mAnava mandira mAnava dharma ho / vAdavivAda ko dUra pheMkakara, hRdaya sabake mAnava hI mAnava ho|

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ma. mahAvIra bhaura unakA aparigrahavAda ajJAnAndhakAra ke bAdala sadaiva chAye rahate the jisase duSpravRttiyoM ko bala mila rahA thaa| aisI sthiti meM bAlaka mahAvIra dUja ke candramA ke samAna vRddhigata ho rahe the| unake eka ora to sukhasAmrAjya laharA rahA thA, to dUsarI ora janatA kA karuNa krandana / mahAvIra kI dRSTi vaibhava-vilAsa kI ora na rama skii| unheM to janatA-janArdana ke ArtanAda ne hI AkRSTa kara liyA aura ve usakI sahAyatA hetu nae paya kA nirmANa karane ke lie sAdhanA meM lIna ho ge| mAM ke AMsU bhI unheM vana jAne se na roka sake / . bhagavAna mahAvIra ne satata sa dhanA aura cintana -zrImatI vidyAvatI jaina ema. e. sAhityaratna ke dvArA deza ko aimA lo-kalyANakArI pAlo pArA (bihAra) pradAna kiyA ki jisakI prAbhA ne samasta deza ko jAjjvalyamAna kara diyaa| unhoMne vizva ko zAzvata-sukha kA mArga dikhAne ke lie kucha siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA unameM asi anekAnta evaM aparigraha ke siddhAnta to sArvakAlika evaM sArvadezika hI uAyogI siddha hue haiN| - I0 pUrva chaThavIM zatAbdI vizva ke itihAsa meM Aja deza kI jo sthiti hai, unameM phira se yugoM yugoM taka cirasmaraNIya rhegii| isa sadI meM ina siddhAntoM ke pracAra evaM prasAra kI mahatI kase vIra sapata ko janma AvazyakatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA aparigraha diyA thA, jisane apane sAhasa, dhairya evaM tyAga se kA siddhAnta to Aja ke yuga ke lie atyanta apane yuga kI dhArA hI badala dii| ve vIra puruSa Avazyaka hai| the 24 veM tIrthaGkara bhagavAna mahAvIra, jinakA janma aparigraha 2572 varSa pUrva caitra mAsa kI zukla trayodazI ko aparigraha kA artha hai parigraha kA abhAva / vaizAlI nagara meM harA thaa| sAmAnya rUpa se dhana-sampatti Adi ko hI parigraha ____ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya deza kI sthiti kahate haiN| , yaha do prakAra kA hotA hai| bAhyaatyanta zocanIya thii| bAhya prADambaroM evaM parigraha evaM antaraGga-parigraha / bAhaya parigraha pandhavizvAsoM kA atyadhika pracAra thaa| sAmAnya ke antargata to dhana-dhAnya prAtA hai aura antaraGga janatA nairAzya kA jIvana vyatIta kara rahI thii| meM rAgadveSa, moha, jise mUI bhI kahA jAtA hai|

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1-84 mUrchA hI mamatva hai, pAsa meM yadi vastueM na bhI bhojana kie jAte haiM, to dUsarI pora loga jhUThI ho, kintu unake prati mamatva hai to vaha parigraha pattale cAMTa kara apanA peTa bharate haiN| karor3apati, hI khlaayegaa| jaba karor3apati hone para yadi vaha araspati hone kI koziza karatA hai to bhI use dhana-sampatti ke prati mamatva rahita hai, to nizcaya saMtoSa nahIM hotA aura dUsarI ora garIba ko peTa hI vaha aparigrahI kI koTi meM A skegaa| isa bhara bhojana bhI nahIM mila pAtA / eka ora amIra prasaMga ma RSabha putra cakravartI bharata kA udAharaNa kI paTTAlikAe muskurAtI rahatI haiM to dUsarI dRSTavya hai| koTyAdhIza hone para bhI rAjya ke aora nirdhanoM ko jhopar3A bhI nasIba nahIM hotaa| prati unakI anAsakti jala meM bhinna kamala ke mila-mAlika aura majadUroM ke bIca dina-pratidina samAna thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki unheM usI bhava meM amIra-garIba kI kha I bar3hatI jA rahI hai| ina zIghra hI mokSa kI prApti ho gaI thii| sabhI viSamatAoM kA mUla kAraNa hamArI saMcaya ___ aparigraha meM aisI zakti vidyamAna hai ki usake movatti hI hai| isI manovatti ke kAraNa deza binA koI bhI prAdhyAmika anuSThAna sambhava nahIM evaM samAja kA vikAsa avaruddha ho jAtA hai| hai| ahiMsA ke bhavana ko AdhAra-zilA aparigraha jinheM paisoM kI AvazyakatA kama hai, vahAM to vaha hI hai| binA aparigraha ke ahiMsA kA koI artha tahakhAnoM meM banda par3A rahatA hai, jinheM AvazyakatA nhiiN| aparigraha ke binA satya nizcaya hI asatya hotI hai unheM vaha mila nahIM paataa| kabhI-kabhI ke bhaya.bane bAdaloM se pAcchAsti ho jaayegaa| yahI choTI so cinagArI samasta deza ko bhasma kara parigraha kA rAkSasa santoSa kA sarvasva grahaNa kara detI hai| . . letA hai| parigraha ke bhISaNa praharoM se bahmacaya parigraha saMsAra kA sabase bar3A abhizApa hai / sthira nahIM raha sktaa| aparigraha ko apanAe parigraha arthAta saMgraha-vRti kA dAsa hokara vyakti binA jIvana zAnta aura sarasa nahIM bana sktaa| dhana kA gulAma bana jAtA hai| usameM aneka duSprayahI kAraNa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne aparigraha vRttiyAM-tRSNA, lobha prAdi jAgRta ho jAtI haiM. ko apanAne ke lie atyadhika bala diyA thaa| jo ki vyakti ko sva thapriya banA detI haiN| parigraha kI bhAvanA atyanta dukhadAyI hai / vaha svArthAndhatA vyaktiyoM meM kUda kUTa kara bhara jAtI jIvana kA sarvatomukhI patana kara DAlatI hai| hai aura vaha paise ke pIche apanA-parAyA saba kucha isase manuSya meM anaitikatA evaM anAcAra ko bhUla jAtA hai| usakA ekamAtra dhyeya paise kI bhAvanA akurita, pubhita evaM pallavita hotI hai| upalabdhi hI ho jAtA hai| parigraha se hI bhraSTAsamAjazAstra-vettAnoM ke anusAra parigraha samAja meM cAra ko bar3hAvA milatA hai| prakRti ne jo zuddha, zoSaka aura zoSaNa-vRtti kA janaka hai| amuka sAtvitta vastura vizva ko ati kI haiM, unheM bhI vyakti karor3apati hai. amuka kaMgAla, yahI sAmA- dhUrta vyApArI milAvaTa ke dvArA dUSita banA dete jika viSamatA hai, jo parigraha kI dena hai / isI haiN| DAkTara, jise samAja-sevA kI upAdhi se se varga bheda hotA hai aura yahI prazAnti kI jar3a hai| vibhUSita kiyA jAtA hai, vaha bhI dhana ke lobha meM dhanavAna ke ghara meM dhana se tijoriyAM bharI rahatI rogiyoM kI ucita dekhabhAla nahIM krtaa| vaha haiM aura aneka vastueM mArI-mArI phiratI haiM mamIra rogayoM ko hI prazraya detA hai, garIba to jabaki unhIM vastuoM ke abhAva meM karor3oM loga vahAM se bhI jhir3akiyAM khAkara hI vApasa lauTa pAte dara-dara bhaTakate haiM, bhUkhoM marate haiM aura vastrahIna haiN| vakIla aura nyAya dhIza bhI tRSNA ke vazIbhUta hokara jAr3oM meM ThiThurate haiN| eka bhora svAdiSTa hokara apane kartavya ro cyuta hokara sacce ko

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jhUThA aura jhUThe ko saccA banA dete haiN| rizvata kA daura Ajakala itanI joroM para ki samAja kA koI bhI varga usase achUtA nahIM hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa yuga meM garIboM kA koI sahAyaka nahIM hai / samAja ke dvArA banAyA gayA yaha varga apanI ulajhanoM meM dina para dina machalI ke jAla kI taraha lipaTatA jAtA hai / usase nikalane kA usake pAsa koI upAya nahIM hai / yaha saba zramaryAdita saMcaya vRtti kA hI parigAma hai / maryAdAhIna saMcaya vRtti se pratyeka rASTra meM sAmrAjyavAda kI tIvra lipsA jAgRta ho gaI hai / vijJAna ke nita nae AviSkAra bhI unakI isa vRtti meM sahAyaka ho rahe haiN| viyatanAma, kamboDiza adi meM ho rahe yuddha isI vRtti kA duSpariNAma haiN| yuddhoM ko bhISaNa jvAlA ne vizva ko sAmAjika sthiti ko chinna-bhinna kara DAlA hai| logoM ko zAnti kI sAMsa lenA bhI dUbhara ho gayA hai| isa bhayAvaha sthiti ne logoM ke mana zrIra mastiSka ko nirbala banA diyA hai / sabhI loga zAMti kI kAmanA kara rahe haiN| zAMti kI kAmanA karane vAle vyakti bhI parigraha kI hI pUjA meM lage hue haiN| unakA yaha kArya to agni meM ghI DAlakara use zAnta karanA hI pratIta hotA hai / 1-85 huA thA kRSi pUrNa rUpa se varSA para hI nirbhara thI / vastroM ke utpAdana meM bhI kevala hAtha karaghA kA prayoga hotA thA, kintu prAja to kRSi ke lie takanIkI yantroM kI sahAyatA lI jAtI hai, khAdyAnna kI upaja bhI acchI hai / vastroM ke lie bar3I-bar3I mazIneM upayoga meM lAI jA rahI haiM, taba bhI dina-pratidina vastuoM ke prabhAva kA ekamAtra kAraNa saMcayavRtti hI hai / manuSya samAja ke lie ghana eka Avazyaka vastu hai / udarapUrti kA mukhya sAdhana hai / kintu tRSNA ke vazIbhUta hokara yaha sAdhana sAdhya kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai, taba ise prApta karane ke lie manuSya nIti-nIti ko bhUla jAtA hai mora aneka anartha kara DAlatA hai / jo dhana, jIvana kI prAvazyaka vastu hai vahI patana kA kAraNa ho jatA hai / kyoMki prakRti pradatta vastue jaba taka sImita rahatI haiM tamI taka lAbhadAyaka siddha hotI haiM kintu jahA~ ve apanI maryAdA ko lAMghatI haiM tabhI unakA pariNAma bhayaMkara ho uThatA hai / usI prakAra dhana sImita mAtrA meM hI sukha-zAnti pradAna karatA hai / sAmAjika-Arthika jIvana meM samAnatA sthApita karane ke lie vicArakoM ne kucha upAya nikAle haiM / jinameM sAmyavAda aura samAjavAda pramukha haiM / sAmyavAda to rUsa kI dena hai| donoM kA lakSya samAja evaM rASTra meM samAnatA sthApita karanA hai / kintu unameM bhI svArthAndhatA ke kAraNa hiMsA aura bala prayoga kI pravRtti adhika dikhalAI par3atI hai / sAmyavAda apanI hiMsaka kAryavAhiyoM dvArA dharika varga ko samApta karane ke lie prayatna karatA hai / usakI ye hiMsAprada kAryavAhiyAM cAhe eka bAra saphala ho jAyeM, kintu unameM sthiratA nahIM bhA sktii| isameM nirbala pakSa, zaktizAlI, nirbala ho sakate haiN| jisase pArasparika vidveSa praura saMgharSa bar3hane kI AzaMkA adhika hai| hiMsApUrvaka kiyA gayA kArya hiMsA, bhaya aura pratidvandvatA ko hI vattamAna yuga maMhagAI aura vastuoM ke prabhAva kA yuga hai| jahAM taka dRSTi jAtI hai, sabhI maMhagAI kA ronA rote najara Ate haiM yadyapi ImarjeMsI lAgU hone ke pazcAt sthiti meM paryApta sudhAra huA hai) / isa para bhI dainika upayoga meM bhAnevAlI vastunoM kA kisI bhI kImata para na milanA, sabase bar3I samasyA utpanna kara detA hai / vastutroM kA prabhAva gAhasthika jIvana ko prazAnta banA detA hai / kahA jAtA hai ki kucha varSoM pUrva bhArata meM ghI, dUdha kI nadiyAM bahA karatI thiiN| yaha deza sone ko cir3iyA ke nAma se prasiddha thA / usa samaya jaba sAdhana sImita the, vaijJAnika yantroM kA yAviSkAra nahIM bar3hAtA hai /

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1+86 dUsarA upAya samAjavAda batalAtA hai| sattA . prinsa kropATakina ne apane Atmacarita meM evaM kAnUna ke bala para yaha samAnatA lAne kA prayatna aparigraha kA sundara udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai / karatA hai / taraha-taraha ke Taiksa evaM kAnUnoM ke usane eka aise kampojITara kA vRttAnta likhA hai, dvArA dhanika aura garIba varga ko eka varga meM badala jo eka sAmyavAdI presa meM kAma karatA thaa| denA hI isakA dhyeya hai| balapUrvaka kie gae kArya jenevA meM eka bAra vaha kAgaja kI eka choTI sI kA virodha avazya hotA hai aura jahAM virodha hotA pArsala bagala meM dabAe hue calA jA rahA thaa| hai vahA~ saMgharSa kI utpatti hotI hai| isa prakAra kropATakina ne usase pUchA, "kaho bhAI jona ! zAnti ke kArya kA prArambha hI virodha evaM saMgharSa kyA snAna ke lie cala die ?" usane uttara se hotA hai, to phira unase kArya kI lakSya prApti- diyA, "nahIM to, maiM apanA sAmAna dUsare makAna meM samAnatA, prema Adi kaise sambhava haiM? lie jA rahA huuN|" kAgaja kI eka choTI-sI ina sabhI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kI zakti pArsala hI usakA sampUrNa parigraha thaa| aparigraha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke aparigraha meM vidyamAna hai| kA isase prabhAvazAlI udAharaNa aura kahA~ milegaa| aparigraha zAMti kA agradUta hai| isI ke dvArA sabhI dharma aparigraha kI aparimita zakti kI samAjavAda kA mArga prazasta ho sakatA hai| yahI sarAhanA karate haiM / lobha aura moha kA nirAkaraNa samAjavAda kI prathama sa r3hI hai / pahile dhanika varga sabhI dharmoM meM milatA hai| pazcimI vidvAnoM ne bhI ko hI prArambha karanA ca hie| vaha apanA bar3A / parigraha ko dukha kA mUla kAraNa kahA hai / pa.zcAtya parigraha chor3eM, to nighanoM ko peTa bhara bhojana mila kavi zeksapiyara ne kahA hai- Gold is worse skegaa| parigraha kama karane se saccA sukha aura pioslen to men's souls than any mortal santoSa bar3hatA hai| sevA kSamatA bar3hatI hai / abhyAsa drug. ke dvArA vyakti apanI AvazyakatAoM ko kama kara prarthAt sabhI prakAra ke viSaile padArthoM meM manuSya sakatA hai| jitanI jarUrata ho utanI vastu rakhe kI prAtmA ke lie dhana sabase bhayaMkara viSa hai| aura usase adhika kA vaha samAja me, garIba meM yUnAnI dArzanika sukarAta kA kathana hai :vitaraNa kara de| maha vIra kA yaha aparigraha- He is the richest who is content siddhAnta yuddhoM ko rokane vAlI DhAla hai| eka deza with the least. dUsare deza para prAkramaNa karatA hai kevala parigraha ke arthAt vaha puruSa sabase bar3A sampattizAlI hai. lie. sacaya ke lie| parigraha ko chor3a diyA jAya, jo thor3I sI sampatti se santuSTa rahatA hai / to yuddha bhI na rheN| aparigraha se hiMsA, prema evaM sahAnubhUti kI bhAvanA ko bala milatA hai / apari- yuga ke lie atyanta upayogI hai / yaha to rAmabANa graha kA siddhAnta mahAvIra kA mahAna pora pavitra auSadhi hai / sabhI zAMti premI vyaktiyoM ko cAhie siddhAnta hai| sabhI duSpariNAmoM se chuTakArA pAne ki ve aparigraha ko apanAkara apane jIvana ko evaM zAMti kI pratiSThA ke lie eka hI mArga hai, zAnta aura sarasa banAne kA prayatna kreN| yahI vaha hai aparigraha kA siddhAnta / yaha bImArI kI bhaviSya ko adhikAdhika ujjvala banAne kA eka / jar3a ko hI samUla naSTa karane kI bAta karatA hai| mAtra sAdhana hai / isI meM samAja, rASTra evaM vizva isalie adhika saphalIbhUta huA hai / kA kalyANa sannihita hai /

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samakAlIna bhautikavAda aura bhagavAna mahAvIra vizva ke sabhI mahAna puruSoM ne apane siddhAnta anubhava, jJAna va pAcaraNa se samAja ke sAmane eka aisA mArga prastuta kiyA hai, jisase vyakti kA sarvAgINa vikAsa ho| isa vikAsa ke do pakSa hai-bhautika aura AdhyAtmika / ina donoM ke saMtulana para hI samAja va rASTra kI pragati nirbhara rahatI hai| ____vartamAna meM AdhyAtmika pravRti kI apekSA bhautika pravRti adhika prabala bana gaI hai jisake kAraNa vyakti ke jIvana va samAja meM viSama sthiti utpanna ho gaI hai| __bhautika pravRti kI mukhya abhIpsA zArIrika sukha bhoga kI aora hotI hai| isI ke phalasvarUpa pratyeka vyakti cAhatA hai ki usake apane hI sukha ke lie nAnA prakAra kI vailAsika sAmagrI ho / zArIrika sukha bhoga kI isa tRSNA ko miTAne ke lie manuSya saba prakAra ke anaitika hathakaNr3oM ko kAma maiM lAtA rahA hai| isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki samAja kI koI sundara tasvIra Aja taka nahIM bana pAI hai| Aja adhikAMza meM yahI dekhA jAtA hai ki mAnava yena kena prakAreNa dhana kamAne ke pIche pAgala hai| vaha adhika dhana kamAne ke lie jamAkhorI, munAphAkhorI, kara corI, cora bAjArI, dhokhAdhar3I, milAvaTa, hatyA prAdi rASTra virodhI anaitika kArya karane se bhI nahIM hicakatA hai| usakI dhana-lipsA itanI adhika bar3ha gaI hai ki bIsoM pIr3hiyoM taka samApta na ho itanA dhana vaha svayaM ekatra kara lenA cAhatA hai| isakA phala yaha haprA ki samAja meM ghora viSamatA paidA ho gaI hai| eka aura vizAla -zrI kanhaiyAlAla loDhA ema0e0, jayapura

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1-88 bhaTAlikAeM khar3I haiN| unameM bhoga vilAsa kI rahatI hai aura dhIre-dhIre bilkula lupta ho jAtI hai| sArI sAmagriyAM upalabdha haiN| mAnoM svarga yahIM yaha sukha indriyoM kI uttejanA se milatA hai ataH utara pAyA hai| dUsarI ora bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM eka prakAra kA nazA hai, prAkulatA hai / indriya sukha aise loga haiM jinake pAsa na khAne ko pUrA anna hai kitanA hI bhogA jAya tRpti nahIM hotI hai / bhogane na rahane kA makAna hai aura na pahanane ko vastra hai| se zakti kSINa hotI hai aura eka dina vyakti bhogane isa sAmAjika viSamatA se varga saMgharSa baDha gayA hai| meM asamartha ho jAtA hai| jisase sarvatra azAMti, asurakSA aura bhaya kA vAtA. indriya sukha se antaHkaraNa meM prathiyoM kA varaNa banA huA hai tathA jIvana pahale se adhika nimAraNa hotA hai| inheM jainAgamoM meM karma baMdha kahA duHkhI ho gayA hai| gayA hai / yaha karma baMdha hI zArIrika rogoM mAnasika yahI sthiti bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya bhI klezoM, sAmAjika saMgharSoM yuddhoM prAdi saba prakAra ke thii| usa samaya saMpannatA meM vipannatA meM prAkAza dukhoM kA kAraNa hai antaH dukha se mukti pAne kA pAtAla jitanA antara thaa| eka ora rAjA- upAya karmabaMdha se mukti pAnA hai| mahArAjAbhoM va seTha-sAhakAroM ke yahAM dhana kA Dhera laga karma baMdha se mukti pAne ke do upAya haiM jinheM rahA thA to dusarI mora bAjAroM meM mAnava pazu- jaina darzana meM saMvara aura nirjarA kahA gayA hai / pakSI kI taraha bece jAte the| rAjA apanI sattA indriya aura mana ko saMyama meM rakhanA, hiMsA, jhUTha, ke bala para manamAnI karate the / seTha apanI sampatti corI, kuzIla prAdi pApa na karane kA vrata lenA ke bala para kisI ko bhI kharIda lete the| UMca saMvara hai / isase naye karmoM kA baMdha honA ruka jAtA nIca kA bhedabhAva carama sImA para thaa| hai| upavAsa, vinaya, sevA, svAdhyAya dhyAna mAdi ___mahAvIra ne isa viSama sthiti ko dekhA to karanA nirjarA hai| nirjarA se pahale baMdhe hue karmoM unakA hRdaya karuNA se bhara gayA aura ve isake kA nAza hotA hai| jaba saba karmoM kA nAza ho nivAraNa kA upAya DhUDhane lge| prApane ghara bAra jAtA hai to mAtmA saba duHkhoM se hamezA ke lie chor3akara sAr3he bAraha varSa taka citana manana aura mukta ho jAtA hai / yaha hI mokSa hai| tapasyA kii| anta meM sarva duHkhoM se mukti pAne kA jisa prakAra davA se zArIrika vikAra dUra hone upAya DhaDha hI liyaa| mApane batAyA ki indriya para tatkAla zAMti svasthatA va prasannatA kA anubhava sukha vAstavika sukha nahIM hai / jisa prakAra dAda ke hotA hai usI prakAra saMvara aura nirjarA se jitane rogI ko khAja khujAlane se sukha milatA hai parantu jitane aMza meM prAtmA ke vikAra dUra hote jAte haiM, usakA pariNAma duHkha hI hai| isI prakAra indriya utane utane aza meM zAMti, samatA aura prAnanda kI sukha kA pariNAma duHkha hI hai / upalabdhi hotI hai / ataH saccA sukha rAga, dveSa moha bhagavAna mahAvIra ne batAyA ki indriya sakha bhAdi vikAroko dUra karane meM hai bhoga bhogane meM nhiiN| meM aneka doSa hai| yaha sukha vastuoM ke prAdhIna bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane anubhava ke AdhAra hai prataH vyakti ko parAdhIna banAtA hai| jina para batAyA ki bhUtoM se nirmita zarIra kA anta ho vastumoM se yaha sakha milatA hai ve nazvara haiM jAne para prANI ke jIvana kA anta ho ataH yaha sukha bhI nazvara hai / indriya sukha cAhe jAtA hai| zarIra meM zarIra se bhinna eka prAtma kitanA hI madhura kyoM na ho bhogane ke samaya jo tatva meM ananta vilakSaNa zaktiyAM vidyamAna haiN| madhuratA pahale kSaNa milatI hai vaha dUsare kSaNa nahIM zarIra to mAtmA kI zaktiyoM ko prakaTa karane kA

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1-89 sAdhana mAtra hai| zarIra nirmANa meM bAharI kAraNa mukkho, arthAt jo apanI prApta sAmagrI kA jarUratapRthvI jala Adi bhautika padArtha haiM aura prAMtarika... maMda logoM meM vitaraNa nahIM karatA hai vaha kabhI kAraNa Atma tatva hai| mokSa prApta nahIM karatA hai| vitaraNa kA yaha prAtmA ke sAtha baghe karmoM se zarIra kA siddhAMta samatA mUlaka samAja racanA ke lie prati nirmANa hotA hai / jaise jaise prAtmA ke bure karma upayogI hai| ghaTate jAte haiM, prAtmA kI cetanA zakti kA vikAsa _aparigraha para jora dete hue bhagavAna mahAvIra hotA jAtA hai| vahI vikAsa indriya, mana buddhi ne kahA ki cala-acala sampatti kA prAvazyakatA se prAdi ke vikAsa ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai / adhika saMgraha na kro| dhana-dhAnya va bhoga sAmagrI isa prakAra prAdhyAtmika vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha kI maryAdA karo aura maryAdA se adhika na rkho| indriya, zarIra prAdi ke rUpa meM bhautika vikAsa aparigraha kA yaha vidhAna samAjavAdI arthavyavasthA bhI svataH hotA jAtA hai| ke lie atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| ___bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA ki bhautika sAma bhautika vAdI mArthika, sAmAjika va rASTrIya gniyoM kA milanA burA nahIM hai| burA hai unakA samasyAeM sulajhAne ke lie kevala niyama banAkara durupayoga karanA / ve sAmagriyA~ durupayoga karane vAtAvaraNa ko badalanA cAhate haiM parantu isase se vinAza ko aura sadupayoga karane se vikAsa kI bAharI vAtAvaraNa hI badalatA hai, samasyA kA kAraNa bana jAtI haiM / bhautika sAmagriyoM se sevA unmUlana nahIM hotA hai / vaha samasyA apanA rUpa va paropakAra karanA unakA sadupayoga hai / isase badalakara punaH prastuta ho jAtI hai / kAraNa ki pArivArika, sAmAjika, rASTrIya jIvana magalamaya banatA hai| samasyA kI jar3a vyakti ke hRdaya meM sthita burAiyAM bhotika sAmagriyoM kA bhoga vilAsa ke lie hai| ataH jaba taka vyakti kA hRdaya parivartana saMgraha karanA tathA unase kevala apanA hI sukha na ho va harI vAtAvaraNa badalanA sArthaka nahIM ho sampAdana karanA unakA durupayoga hai, sAmAjika sktaa| mahAvIra ke batalAe hue mArga arthAt aparAdha hai| isase vyakti va samAja meM lobha va ahiMsA, saMyama, sevA, tyAga, aparigraha se vyakti bhoga kI pravRtiyAM adhikAdhika bar3hatI jAtI haiN| kA hRdaya parivartana hotA hai| yahI samasyAmoM ke isa sambandha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA kathana hai- nivAraNa kA sabase uttama upAya hai| lobho sacva viNAsaNo, bhogI bhamai saMsAre, arthAt vartamAna yuga vijJAna kA yuga hai / isameM pratyakSa lobha sarvanAza karane vAlA hai aura bhoga saMsAra meM pramANa va prayoga ko kasauTI para khare utarane vAle du.kha dene vAlA hai / lobha aura bhoga rUpa bhautika- siddhAnta , ko sthAna milatA hai| mahAvIra kA vAda ke kAraNa prAI nAnava jAti saMtApa, saMkleza, siddhAnta kAraNa kArya para prAdhArita hone se pratyakSa bhaya prAti agaNita daHkhoM se pIDita pramANa va prayoga kI kasauTI para pUrA kharA utaratA hai tathA vizva yuddha se kabhI kabhI sarvanAza kA ___ hai tathA vyAvahArika va tatkAla phala dene vAlA hai / khatarA sadA sira para maMDarA rahA hai| Aja ke yuga meM isakI pUrNa prAvazyakatA va upayoisa maniSTa sthiti se bacane kA upAya bhagavAna gitA hai| ataH mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita tatva mahAvIra ke batAe hue sevA aura pArigraha ke jJAna, syAdvAda, karmavAda Adi siddhAnta vizva kI siddhAntoM ko apanAnA hI hai / mahAvIra ne sevA kA samasyAeM sulajhAne, burAiyoM va duHkhoM ko dUra karane mahatva batAte hue kahA-asaMvibhAgI Na hu tassa meM pUrNa sakSama hai|

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saMyama kI rAha hai agara dayA bhAva dila meM hamAre. to apanAve unako, jo haiM be sahAre / kSamAzIla banate haiM soceM jarA hama, vRthA kodha se deha ko kyoM jalAte ? // 1 // kartA svayaM hI bhartA svayaM hI, svayaM svayaM ke phala pAne vaale| nahIM hai para kA jaba lenA denA, bAteM jagata kI vRthA kyoM banAte ? // 2 // kathana meM kriyA meM bahuta bheda karate, apanA parAyA sadA dekhate haiN| kahAM the? kahAM haiM ? kahA jA rahe haiM ? patana ko hI utthAna hama kaha rahe haiM // 3 // nahIM hamako mAlUma kaThina kyA sarala kyA, kareMge kyA cintana manana phira btaao| anabhyAsa se hai sarala bhI kaThina, kaThina bhI sarala hai abhyAsa se to // 4 // socA na samajhA vicArA na kucha bhI, svecchAnukUlAcaraNa se jiye hama / bitAyA asayama meM jIvana sadA hI, saTA dI. batAo to saMyama sA patha kaunasA hai ? / ' 5 / / -zrI kArtikeya kumAra jaina prAcArya-sAhitya evaM jana darzana, jayapura sadA indriyAdhIna rahakara ke hamane, sukhAbhAsa meM sat kI saMtuSTi dhaarii| rameM para meM, bhUle svayaM ko bhalA batAo to saMyama kA patha kaunasA hai? // 6 // timira rAha meM zreSTha dIpaka jalAkara Aloka se jo maMjila banAtA / use bhUlakara zreya hama cAhate haiM, batAyo to saMyama kA patha kaunasA hai? ||7 / rasAsvAda hetu svamaryAda taja-kara, khAte hai bhakSya aura abhakSya ko bhii| zra tajJAna Aloka kI rAha khokara, batAyo to saMyama kA patha kaunasA hai? / / 8 / / vaiSamya dRSTi se paripUrNa hokara, ahaM bhAva kI mAnyatA se bhare haiN| nahIM svArthavaza hamane socA vicArA, batAo to saMyama kA patha kaunasA hai? // 6 // mana indriyAM jinake vaza meM nahIM haiM, nahIM hai jarA yatna nirodha kA bhii| anAtIta prAzA se saMyama ko khokara batAyo kahAM phira kalyANa patha hai ? ||10 //

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kA zArIrika evaM guNoM kA prAcIna varNana karavAne ke lie 'uvavAiya sUtra' ke bhagavAna mahAvIra ke varNana sambandhI pATha kA hindI anuvAda yahAM prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai| sAMskRtika itihAsa ke lie 'uvAvAiya sUtra' bahuta hI mahattva kA grantha hai| isIlie isase pUrvavartI praga sUtroM meM bhI isake varNanoM kA havAlA diyA gayA hai| isa sUtra ke mahatva ke sambandha meM yaha ukti prasiddha hai'uvava I, sUtroM kI mAI' arthAt yaha upAMga sUtra saba sUtroM kI mAtA yAnI kuMjI hai| isa sUtra kA hindI anuvAda muni umezacandra jI ne kiyA hai aura sAdhu mArgI jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAne se samvat 2020 meM prakAzita huA hai| isa granya meM bahatahI pAThanIya sAmagrI hai| pAThaka svaya par3ha kara lAbha uThAveM / aba uvavAiya sUtra ke mahAvIra varNana kA hindI anuvAda diyA jA rahA hai-zrI agaracanda nAhaTA usa kAla aura usa samaya meM zramaNa bhagavAna (cA ke samIpa pdhaare)| ve ghora tA-yA karane bhagavAna mahAvIra sambandhI vivaraNa jaina se 'zramagA' nAma se prasiddha the| samasta aizvaya se pAgAmoM meM prApta hotA hai vaha kaI dRSTiyoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa 'bhagavAna' kahe jAte the / deva bahuta hI mahatvapUraNa hai| prAcInatama pracArAMga Adi ke dvArA upadrava kiye jAne para bhI apane mAdi aMga sUtroM ke bAda pahalA upAMga 'ukvAina' mArga para vIratA se DaTe rahe, ata: devoM ne unheM sUtra hai, jisameM bhagavAna mahAvIra, campAnagarI meM mahAvIra' nAma se pratiSThita kiA thaa| (ke vanapadhAre aura unake vandanArtha kUlita mahArAjA bar3e jJA hone para pahale pahala zrutadharma karane ke vAle bhakti bhAva se gaye, isa prasaga se camma nagarI, hone se) ve prAdikartA the aura (sAdhu, sAdhvI. usake caitya, vana khaNDa, azoka vRkSa, zilA paTTA, dhAvaka aura zravikA rUpa caturvidha saMgha ke sthApaka rAjA-rAnI kA varNana karane ke bAda sUtrakAra ne hone ke kAraNa) tIrthaGkara' the| svayameva-kisI kI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA varNana kiyA hai, usameM unake sahAyatA yA nimita ke binA hI unhoMne bodha guNoM aura atizayoM ke varNana ke sAtha-sAtha zarIra prApta kiyA thaa| ve puruSoM meM uttama the kyoMki aura usake aMga pratyaMga arthAta zistra se lekara nakha unameM siMha ke samAna zauyaM kA utkRSTa vikAsa taka kA jo viziSTa varNana milatA hai, vaha anyatra huA thA, puruSoM meM rahate hue bho zreSTha sapheda kamala kahIM nahIM miltaa| isalie pAThakoM kI jAnakArI ke samAna sabhI prakAra kI azubhatAyeM malinatAyeM

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1-92 unase dUra rahatI thIM aura zreSTha gaMdhahastI ke . huprA ho, usake phaTe hue maMza se rUI bAhara nikala samAna, kisI kSetra meM unake praviSTa hote hI sAmAnya mAI ho usake samAna komala sulajhe hue, svaccha hAthiyoM ke samAna para cakra, dubhikSa, mahAmArI prAdi aura camakIle yA patale-sUkSma, lakSaNayukta sugaMdhita duritoM kA vinAza ho jAtA thaa| ve prANoM ko sundara, bhujamocakaratna bhRga koTa, nIla-vikAra, haraNa karane meM rasika aura upadravoM ke karane vAloM kajjala aura atyanta harSita bhauMre ke samAna kAle ko bhI bhayabhIta nahIM karate the athavA sabhI prANiyoM aura laToM ke samUha se ekatrita dhudharAle challeke bhaya ko haraNa karane vAlI dayA ke dhArakAthe- dAra bAla (pradakSiNAvarta) (zira para) the| keza ke nirbhayatA ke dAtA the| cakSu ke samAna zruta jJAna samIpa meM keza ke utpatti ke sthAna para kI tvacA ke dene vAle the| samyak darzana prAdi mokSa mArga da.Dima ke phUla ke samAna prabhAyukta thii| lAla ke pradAtA the| upadrava se rahita sthAna ke dAyaka the sone ke samAna (varNa) nirmala thI aura uttama tela aura jIvana (amaratA rUpa bhAva prANa ke) dAnI se siJcita sI thI (arthAta) cikanAI 'se yukta the| ve dIpaka ke samAna samasta vastUmoM ke prakAzaka camakIlI thii| athavA dvIpa ke samAna saMsAra sAgara meM nAnA prakAra unakA uttamAMga dhana, bharA huA aura chatrAkAra ke dukhoM kI laharoM ke thaper3oM se pIr3ita vyaktiyoM thaa| lalATa prAdhe cAMda ke samAna, ghAva Adi ke ke lie AzvAsana-dhairya ke kAraNa rUpa, anartho ke cinha se rahita sama, manojJa aura zuddha thaa| nakSatroM nAzaka hone se trANarUpa, uddezya kI prApti meM ke svAmI pUrNacandra ke samAna saumya mukha thA / kAraNa hone se zaraNa rUpa, kharAba avasthA se uttama manohara yA saMlagna (ThIka DhaMga se mukha ke sAtha avasthA meM lAne vAlI gatirUpa aura saMsArarUpI jur3e hue) yA prAlIna pramANa se yukta kAna the, khaDDe' meM girate hue prANiyoM ke lie AdhAra rUpa ataH ve suzobhita the / donoM gAla mAMsala aura bhare the| cAra antoM (tIna dizAoM meM samudra aura hue the| bhauMhe kucha jhuke hue dhanuSa ke samAna (Ter3hI) uttara dizA meM himavAn parvata rUpa kinAre) vAlI sundara aura kAle bAdala kI rekhA ke samAna patalI pRthvI ke mAlika; cakravartI ke samAna dharma meM zreSTha kAlo aura kAnti se yukta the| netra khile hue (adhinAyaka) the| kyoMki ve bhavisaMvAdaka-acUka __ sapheda kamala ke samAna thii| ve isa prakAra zobhita jJAna ke aura darzana ke dhAraka the; kAraNa unake thI mAnoM kucha bhAga meM pattoM se yukta khile hue jJAna Adi ke prAvaraNa (jJAnAdi guNoM ko dabAne kamala hoN| nAMka garUr3a ko (coMca ke) samAna vAle karma) haTa gaye the / (ataH nizcaya hI) rAga aura lambA, sIvA aura UMcA thaa| saMskArita zilA dveSa ko jIta liyA thA / jJAyaka bhAva meM rAgAdi ke pravAla (mUgeM) aura bimba phala ke samAna svarUpa unake kAraNa aura phala ke jJAtR bhAva meM sthita adharoSTha the| the| isalie mukta the, mukta karane vAle the, samajhe hue . unakI UMcAI sAta hAtha kI thii| AkAra the, samajhAne vAle the| ve sarvajJa-sarvadarzI upadrava se samacaurasa (ucita aura zreSTha mApa se yuktarahita svAbhAvika aura prayoga janya calana se rahita- sundara) thaa| unakI haDDiyoM kI saMyojanA atyanta akSaya, bAdhA-pIr3A se rahita aura jahAM se puna: majabUta thii| (prataH saundarya aura zakti kA Agamana nahIM ho, aise 'siddhi gati' nAma vAle sundara saMyoga humA thaa)| zarIra-sthita vAyu kA vega sthAna ko abhI aise sthAna ko prApta nahIM hue the anukUla thaa| kaMka pakSi ke samAna gudAzaya yA kintu use prApta karane kI pravRtti cAlU thii| (arthAta malotsarga-kriyA meM koI kharAbI nahIM thI samela vRkSa ke phala jo ki rUI se Thosa bharA yA malotsarga sthAna ke avayava nIroga the), kabUtara

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keprAvAra pariNamana kI zakti ke samAna pAcana kti thii| pakSiyoM ke samAna prapAna - deza nirlepa rahatA thaa| pITha, antara (pITha aura peTa ke bIca donoM tarapha ke hisse - pArzva ) aura jaMdhAeM viziSTa pariNAma vAlI thI zrarthAt sundara thI / pidma (kamala yA 'padma' nAmaka gandha dravya) kI sugandha ke samAna niHzvAsa se surabhita ( prabhu kA ) mukhathA / unakI camar3I komala aura sundara thI / saMga se rahita, uttama, zubha, ati sapheda aura anupama prabhu kA deha kI mAMsa thA / ataH jalla ( kaThina maila), mahala (alpa prayatna se chuTane vAlA mala ) kalaGka ( dAga) pasIne aura raja ke doSa se maiM rahita ( bhagavAna kA zarIra thA / usa para mala jima hI nahIM sakatA thA ataH aMga-maMga ujjvala krAnti se prakAzamAna the ! 8: atyanta Thosa yA sadhana, snAyutroM se acchI taraha se baMdhA huA zreSTha lakSaNoM se yukta parvata ke zikha ke samAna AkAra vAlA aura patthara kI gola piNDI ke samAna (bhagavAna kA sira thA / 1-92 gula kI uttama pramANa se yukta bI skaMdha ( khaMdhe zreSTha bhaMse, suara, siMha, bAgha, pradhAna hAthI aura vRSabha (sAMDa) ke (khaMdhe ke ) samAna pramANa se yukta sabhI vizeSatAoMoM se sampanna zraura vizAla the / unake bAhU gAr3I ke jur3e ke samAna (gola zrIra lambe ) maMTe dekhane meM sukhakara aura durbalatA se rAhata puSTa pAMcoM ( kalAiyoM) se yukta the, bAhU kA AkAra sundara thA, saMgata thA mataH ve viziSTa the --dhana ( vAyu se phUle hue nahIM kintu haSTa-puSTa) sthita aura snAyunoM se ThIka DhaMga se bandhi huI saMdhiyoM (haDDiyoM ke jor3a) se yukta the / ve pUre bAhU aise dikhAI dete the ki mAnoM icchita vastu ko prApta karane ke liye phaNadhara ne apanA mahAna deha phailAyA ho / prabhu ke hAtha ke tale lAla, unnatA, kokala bhare hue, sundara mora zubha lakSaNoM se yukta the aura guliyoM ke bIca meM (unheM milAne para) chidra dikhAI nahIM dete the / maMguliyAM puSTa, komala aura zreSTha thiiN| (guliyoM) ke nakha tAmbe ke samAna kucha kucha la la, pavitra, dIpta maura snigdha arthAt rUkSatA se rahita the| hAtha meM candrAkAra, sUryAhAra, zaMkhAkAra cakrAkAra mora dakSiraMgAvarta svastikAkAra rekhAeM thI / ina sabhI rekhAoM ke sugama se hAtha suzobhita the / bhagavAna kA vRkSa (chAtI, sInA suvarNa zilA tala ke samAna ujjvala prazasta, samatala mAMsala vizAla aura caur3A thaa| usa para 'zrIvatsa' svastika kA cinha thA / mAsalatA ke kAraNa pAMsaliyoM kI haDDiyAM dikhAI nahIM detI thI svarNa kAnti-sA ( sunaharA ) nirmala, manohara aura roga ke parAbhava se (prAghAta se ) rahita ( bhagavAna kA ) pUre eka hajAra ATha, zreSTha puruSoM unake pArzva ( bagala) ke nIce kI zraura kramazaH kama ghere vAle ho gaye the, deha ke pramANa ke anukUla the, sundara the, uttama bane hue the aura mitamAtrika ( na kama na jyAdA, rUpa se mAMsa se bhare hue) puSTa- ramya the / ucita do dAMtoM susnigdha dAMtoM kI zreNI niSkalaGka candrakalA (yA cAMda Tukar3e ) nirmala se bhI nirmala zaMkha gAya ke dUdha phena kuda ke phUla jala karaNa aura kamalaM nAla ke thIM / dAMta akhaNDa jarjara samAna sapheda ( majabUta ) avirala ( paraspara saTe hue, ke bIca kA antara adhika na ho aise ) ( cikane-camakIle) aura sundarAkAra the / eka dAMta kI zreNa se aneka dAMta the (arthAta dAMtoM kI saghanatA ke kAraNa unakI vibhAjaka rekhAeM dikhAI nahIM detI thI, aneka dAMta hote hue bhI eka danta kI paMkti sI lagatI thI) tAlu aura jIbha ke tale, agni ke tApa se mala-rahita jala se dhoe hue aura deha thaa| jisameM tape ke lakSaNa the / sone ke samAna lAla the| bhagavAn kI DhAr3hIhue mUche kabhI nahIM bar3hatI thI-sadA eka sI rahatI thI aura sundara DhaMga se chaTI huI-sI ramya thI / cibuka ke samAna vistIrNa thI / grIvA zreSTha zaMkha samAna (sundara) aura cAra

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gest (vRkSa aura udara para) sIdhe aura samarUpa se (parvata, nagara, magara, samudra maura cakra rUpa eka dUsare se mile hue, pradhAna, patale, kAle, zreSTha cinhoM aura svastika prAdi maMgala cinhoM se snigdha, manako bhAne vAle, salAvaNya (salone) maMkita caraNa the / bhagavAna kA rUpa viziSTa thaa| aura ramaNIya romoM kI paMkti thii| matsya aura dhue se rahita jAjvalyamAna agni, phelI huI bijalI pakSI kI sI uttama aura dRr3ha mAsa peziyoM se yukta aura taruNa (dUsare pahara ke yA abhinava) sUrya kunI thii| matsya kA-sA udara thaa| pAvana kiraNoM ke samAna bhagavAna kA teja thaa| indriya thIM peTa ke karaNa (mantrajAla) pAvana the| . bhagavAna ne karma ke prArama-praveza ke dvAroM ko gaMgA ke bhaMvara ke samAna, dAhinI aura ghamatI duI ruSa diyA thaa| merepana kI buddhi tyAga dI thii| saraMgoM se bhaMgura arthAt caJcala, sUrya kI teja - prataH unhoMne apanI mAlikI meM koI bhI vastu nahIM kiraNoM se vikasita kamala ke madhya bhAga ke rakhI thii| bhava pravAha ko cheda-cheda diyA thA yA samAna, gaMbhIra aura gahana nAbhi thii| tridaNDa, (parigraha saMjJA ke prabhAva ke kAraNa) zoka se rahita the| mUsala, sAra para car3hAye hue zreSTha svarNa darpaNa-daNDa nirUpalepa (dravya se nirmala deha vAle aura (darpaNa daNDa) aura khar3aga muSTi (mUTha) ke samAna bhAva se karmabandha rUpalepa se rahita) the| prema zreSTha vajravat kSINa (dehakA) madhya bhAga thaa| roga zokAdi se rahita (pramudita) zreSTha ghere (milana ke bhAva) aura moha (mUDhatA- prajJAna ke bhAva) se pratIta ho cuke the| vAlI kaTi thii| nigraMtha pravacana ke upadezaka, zAstA - zreSTha ghor3e ke (guptAMga ke) samAna macchI (mAjJA ke pravartaka) nAyaka aura pratiSThApaka taraha (gupta) banA humA uttama guhya bhAga thaa| (una-una upayogoM ke dvArA vyavasthA karane vAle) jAtivAna ghor3e (ke zarIra) ke samAna (bhagavAna the| prataH sAdhu-saMgha ke svAmI the aura zravaNa vRnda kA) zarIra lepa se lipta nahIM hotA thaa| zreSTha varddhaka (unnati kartA yA pUrNatA kI ora le hAthI ke samAna parAkrama aura vilAsa yukta cAla jAne vAle) the / jinavara ke vacana Adi cauMtIsa thii| hAthI kI sUDha ke samAna jaMghAeM thii| gola / atizeSa (atizaya tIvra aura utkRSTa puNyodaya Dibbe ke Dhakkana ke samAna nimagna aura gupta ghuTane se sarvajana hitaGkaratA kI bha vanA se pUrvabhava meM the / harigI (kI jaMvA) ke samAna aura 'kuruviMda' vRddha puNya ke udaya se hone vAlI jana sAdhAraNa ke nAmaka tRNa ke samAna tathA sUtra banAne ke padArtha lie durlabha paudgalika racanAdivizeSa) ke aura ke samAna kramazaH utAra sahita gola jaMghAeM thI paiMtIsa satya-vacana ke atizayoM ke dhAraka the)| (apavA piMDaliyAM thI) / sundarAkAra sugaThita aAkAzavartI dharmacakra, mAkAzavartI tIna chatra, mora gupta para ke maNi bandha (Takhane) the / zubha AkAzavartI yA Upara uThate hue cAmara, pAda pITha rIti se sthApita (rakhe hue) kachue (ke caraNoM) (paira rakhane kI caukI) sahita prAkAza ke samAna ke samAna caraNa the ! kramazaH bar3hI ghaTI huI (yA svaccha sphaTikamaya siMhAsana aura Age-mAge calate bar3I-choTI) (paira kI) aguliyA thii| Uce uThe hue dharma dhvaja (codaha hajAra sAdhu aura chattIsa hue, patale, tAmravarNI aura snigdha (paira ke) nakha hajAra prAyikAeM) ke sAtha ghire hue, kramazaH the / lAla kamala dala ke samAna komala aura sukumAra / vicarate hue eka grAma se dUsare grAma ko pAvana karate hue aura zArIrika kheda se rahita-saMkma meM pagataliyA thiiN| (isa prakAra kI apUrva saundarya Ane vAlI bAdhA pIr3A se rahita bihAra karate hae, kI rAzi) deha yaSTi meM zreSTha puruSA ka eka hajAra campA-nagarI ke bAhara ke upanagara (samIpa ke gAMva) pATha lakSaNa (zobhita hote) the| meM pdhaare|

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana darzana kA vaijJAnika vizleSaNa zrI rAjabhara jaina 'paramahaMsa' damoha - mAnava kI kalpanA ho Izvara hai| jisa dina vaha isa kalpanA ko sAkAra kara letA hai, svayaM vibhu ho jAtA hai / jaina darzana ne pratyeka prAtmA ko vibhu hone kA adhikAra diyA hai / isaliye Izvara ko dekhA nahIM jA sakatA, Izvara humrA jA sakatA hai / tathAgata se unake parama ziSya zrAnanda ne prazna kiyA, "prabho, ApakA nirvAraNa samIpa hai, maiM prApake sAnnidhya meM jIvana paryaMta rahA para yaha na jAna sakA ki Izvara hai isa para zrApa kA mata kyA hai ? Apake pazcAta merA yaha prazna, prazna hI raha jAyagA / " buddha ne uttara nahIM diyA mauna ho gaye / uttara diyA jA cukA thA / yahI prazna yadi koI mahAvIra se karatA to zAyada mahAvIra bhI mauna ho jAte / zAyada tuma socoge mahAvIra nAstika haiM / jinhoMne bhI Izvara ko jAnA hai unase tuma yadi pUchoge ki kyA unhona Izvara ko dekhA hai to unheM sadava bhona pAloge / nAstika kA atha haiM jo prastitva ko asvIkAra kare / tuma ho phira prasvIkRti kahA ? aura jaba tuma ho, to tumhArA yaha sAmrAjya tumhAre sAtha hai, para jaba tumameM mora tumhAre sAmrAjya meM dvata janma le legA, jaba donoM ekarUpatA ke prastitva se vilaga ho jAveMge, jaba donoM ke kriyAkalApoM meM vibhinnatA kA janma ho jAvegA, bheda prAcIra eka dUsare ko dekhane se vaMcita kara degI, saMsAra khar3A ho jAvegA, Izvara madRSTa ho jaavegaa| isaliye mahAvIra ke darzana meM prasvIkRti meM svIkRti hai / mokSa saMsAra kA na honA hai, para saMsAra hai kyoMki maiM hUM aura maiM nahIM hUM na yaha saMsAra hai, yahI hai mahAvIra kA syAdvAda to syAM dvAda jo hai usakA vijJAna hai / ima haiM, karma haiM / karma kA prakarmaka ho jAnA, mokSa hai, nirvANa hai,

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1-96 eka ananta prakAza hai| isaliye syAdvAda sthiti hai, viveka pravatarita ho cUkI hai samRddhi avatarita ho kI anurUpatA kI svIkRti hai| cukI hai| zobhA hogI sabakI sampannatA, sabakI samA aruNodaya, svarNa vihAna, pakSiyoM kA kalarava, natA, saba ceharoM para mAlhAda / tumhArA karma lajjAmira kA kalanAda, sugaMdhita samIraNa, cAroM aura spada na bana jAye, koI dukhI na raha jAye, kahIM koI jIvana, harita udyAna. vikasita vana kasama, utta ga vikalAMga na ho jAye tumhAre kAraNa aisA prAcaraNa mauna zikhara, jisa dina yaha saba tuma ho; khetoM se nirmita ho yahI zIla hai| tuma vicalita na ho apane jUjhatA kRSaka, vyavasAya meM DUbA variNaka, mazIno kartavya patha se yahI ghRti hai / kArya viveka janya ho para yaMtra cAlita zramika, yuddha bhUmi meM satya ke liye yazasvI hoM, yahI to hai 'buddhi' aura 'zrI' kA prAgamana samarpita hotA sainika, asahAya, daridra bhikhArI garbha kalyANaka kI pratiSThA kA artha hai ratnagarbhA jisa dina yaha saba tuma ho, usa dina tumhArA vasundharA kI antaH zakti ko pratiSThita karanA / vasudhA 'apanA koI karma nahIM hogA, karmo kI virjarA ke manantra garma meM chipe svarNabhaNDAroM ko, medanI hogii| zeSa raha jAyagA kevala eka mAnanda, yahI kI apAra urvarAzakti ko sroto ke rUpa meM mAnava mokSa hai| to tuma yadi mahAvIra ke darzana karane kalyANa ke liye upalabdha kara denaa| mAye ho to tumheM unheM jAnanA hogA, unake Ananda janma lete haiM mahAvIra to saba kucha udita ho ke mArga ko pahacAnanA hogaa| aura unake sthAna ___ jAtA hai / sAre malina prAvaraNoM ko tor3akara eka para aba tuma utaro garbha meM, tuma janma lo, tapa karo, dIpti cAroM ora phaila jAtI hai / aMdhakAra kA jJAna prApta karo mokSa mila jAyegA / tumhe jana- sAmrAjya vichinna ho jAtA hai, jJAna sUrya kA abhyudharma kI leboreTarI meM prayoga karanA hai anyathA daya ho jAtA hai / 'mahAvIra kA janma kalyANaka dhyartha hogI tumhArI upasthiti, mRgamarI cikA hogA devatA manAte the, kyA tAtparya hai isakA? isakA tumhArA bhaThakanA, abauddhika hogI tumhArI prbhiipsaa| partha kevala itanA hai ki jisameM devatva hai vahI adhito tumhe karanA hogA svayaM kA rUpAntaraNa / kArI mahAvIrake janma kalyANaka manAne kA / tumhArA - mahAvIra garbha meM Ate haiM, pAne ke pUrva se svarga devatva prakaTa hogA jaba tumhAre karmoM kI niSpatti maura ratnoM kI varSA prAraMbha ho jAtI hai| svarga kAraNa banegI, saMskArita, zikSita, AdhyAtmika paura ratna prAkAza se kaMkar3a patthara nahIM barasate the| evaM ati prAdhyAtmika, vaijJAnika mastiSkoM ko janma yaha pratIka hai isa bAta kA ki samasta astitva dene kI jo mAnava vikAsa ke liye dRr3ha saMkalpita ko apane meM liye hue pUraNaM Anandita AtmA jaba ho sakeM, agrasara ho sake eka prakAza ke sAmrAjya pravatIrNa ho rahI hai to sArA praphullita vAtAvaraNa ko sthApita karane meN| usake prAsapAsa hotA hai| medanI kA aMga aMga sUrya sitija para udita huA; sArA AkAza pulakAyamAna hai use dhAraNa kara / bahI to samRddhi hai use pAra karane ke liye / use satata gatizIla hai mumukSu prAtmA kii| aura yahI kAraNa hai ki honA hai / mahAvIra jIvana kI pharma bhUmi para zrama mahAvIra ke marbhAvasaraNa kAla meM zrI, hI, dhRti, kI tapasyA kI sthApanA karate haiN| Alasya kA 'kIrti, buddhi aura lakSmI bhagavAna ke avataraNa ke nivAraNa dhama hai / zrama utpAda hai satya kA yathArtha pUrva se vidyamAna ho jAtI haiN| yaha pratIka hai isa kA jIvanadAyinI zakti kA aura usakA poSaNa bAta kA ki tIrthakara ne apane Ane ke kAraNa pUrva bhI / aura zrama kI agni meM tapakara kaMcana kundena 'prakaTa kara diye haiM / zobhA avatarita ho cukI hai, bana jAtA hai / jJAna kA prAdurbhAva aura viveka janya zIla avatarita ho cukA hai, dhairya avatarita ho cukA kArya mAnasika zrama hai jo jar3atA kA vinAza kara

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1-97 deza se ghRNA, vaimanasyatA, ahaMkAra, dveSa aura lobha aura mokSa nirvANa ke tatkAla pazcAt kI ko visarjana karane meM samartha hotA hai| sthiti jo kevala ananta prakAza hai| bhagavAna jJAna kalyANaka kA artha hai kevala jJAna kA raha mahAvIra ke 2500veM nirvANotsava para nirvANa para jAnA, samasta prajJAna kA lopa / yahI jJAna carcA karanA mAvazyaka hai| pradhyAtma jJAna aura vijJAna hai| isa jJAna meM daMta kavi brAuniMga ne kahA hai :kA bheda miTa jAtA hai| samagra jIvana kevala eka "The Journey is done and the cetana tatva meM pravahamAna ho jAtA hai| kahIM kisI summit attained and the barieers fall." mI chora para vedanA tatkAla sarvasthaloM para sarva- maiMne yAtrA parNa kara lI. carama avasthA prApta grahIta ho jAtI hai| yahI mahAvIra kI nizcayanaya hai, sAre bandhana gira cuke haiM / brAuniMga kI ye kI dRSTi hai| unake jJAna kI avicchannadhArA jo paMktiyA~ nirvANa kI sthiti hai jisake tatkAla unase pravAhita hokara Aja bhI pratyeka jIvana ko pazcAt carama upalabdhi mokSa kI hI sthiti hai / pauSita kara rahI hai / mahAvIra kA darzana yahA~ brAuniMga ne yahA~ usa mRtyu kI carcA nahIM kI prAkRtika sAmyavAda kA darzana hai / jaya prakRti jisake sAtha punarjanma kI saMbhAvanAyeM jur3I haiM / samAna rUpa se jala, vAyu, prakAza. AkAza evaM bhUmi kyoMki vaha Age kahatA hai :samasta jIvana ko nirvikAra rUpa se pradAna karatI I would hate that death bandaged hai to mAnava usase ekAkAra hokara sabako apanA my eyes and forbore and bade me sneha kyoM na samAna rUpa se bA~Te / mahAvIra kI ___ creep past. yahI bhAvanA ahiMsA hai, jahA~ do nahIM raha jAta, maiM usa mRtyu se ghaNA karUgA jo mujhe aMdhasabake sukha-dukha apane ho jAte haiM; sahaastitva kAra kI ora le jAyegI kevala vartamAna se mukta aura sahajIvana hI jIvana kI mahat dRSTi bana kara rAta kI pora vApisa kara degii| jAtI hai| jisameM nigoda aura tiryaMca se lekara dArzanika geTe mRtyu ke samaya kaha rahe haiM mAnava yoniyoM taka samasta apanA niraMtara vikAsa karane meM samartha hote hai| yaha saMvedanA kA anubhava "adhika prakAza, adhika prakAza / " dezabandhu citaraMhai / aravinda ne isI ko sauMdarya kA darzana kahA hai| janadAsa ne mRtyu ke samaya eka kavitA likhI, mahAvIra ke saMmavazaraNa kI racanA kA vidhAna bhI "aba merI A~khoM ke sAmane adherA chA rahA hai jisake pAra sira para mora mukuTa dhAraNa kiye yahI hai / sArA jagata baiThA hai unheM sunane ke lie| tithaMca baiThe haiM, kITa paMtaga baiThe hai, pazupakSI baiThe haiM, hAthoM meM bAsurI liye zyAmasundara gopAla kI gaMdharva kinnara ke rAkSasa ra mAya mUti dikhAI de rahI hai, merA aMdhakAra kA sAmrAjya aura devatA baiThe haiN| eka dUsare ke virodhI baiThe haiN| . tirohita ho gayA hai kevala divya prakAza se merA nirvANonmukha dIpaka prajvalita ho rahA hai|" para virodha nhiiN| mahAvIra kahate haiM saba suna lete / haiM saba samajha lete haiN| yaha hRdaya kI bhASA hRdaya saMta tukArAma kahate haiM, "apanI A~kho hI ke liye hai| yaha sneha kI bhASA hai| yaha AtmI- maiMne to, apanI mRtyu dekha lI hai, anupama thA merA yatA kA udbodhana hai, eka gaMdha hai, parimala hai, yaha prakAza / " sahaja svIkArya / vartamAna aura bhaviSya ke kalyANa bhagavAna buddha kahate haiM, "nirvANa, dIpaka kA kI yaha cetanA hai, gaharI abhIpsA hai sneha ko bujha jAnA / kSudra lobha, svArtha, vAsanA, prAzA, prakSepita karane kI naye rUpAntaraNa ke liye / tRSNA kA mahAbhiniSkramaNa hai yaha / " kintu isake

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J-98 pazcAt svAbhAvika hai praghaMkAra ke pazcAta prakAza kA mAnA / mokSa usI prakAza, prananta jJAna kI sthiti hai / isa prakAra mahAvIra kA jIvana garbha se mokSa taka laghu sAdhanAoM se parimArjita jIvana kI vizAlata', virATatA kA darzana hai jo praNuvratoM se mahAvrato kI pora jAtA huA zrama lakSya ko prApta kara letA hai / vaha maraNu kyA hai ? tumhI ma ho bhaura tumhI eka se do hote hue brahmANDa ke astitva kA nirmANa karate ho / aNu kI sAdhanA tumhArI sAdhanA hai| mahAvIra ne kahA hai, "AcaraNa se prAraMbha karo kintu yAda rakhanA, brahmANDa ke svarUpa meM tuma ho isaliye brahmANDa ke citra ko aspaSTa mata kara denA, vikRta na kara denA / isa sAdhanA ke liye mahAvIra ne dharma ko prayogAtmaka rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA parigraha kA tyAga karo / yaha nahIM kahA ki saba chor3akara bhAga jaamro| tuma bhAga kara jAoge kahA~ ? jahA~ bhI jAnoge parAbhava meM apane ko khar3A paaoge| isaliye ekadama mata bhAgo, utanA svIkArI jitanA Avazyaka hai| adhika bojha bana jAyegA, saMbhalegA nahIM / dUsaroM ko bhI de do, bojha halkA ho jAyegA rAstA saralatA sahajatA se kaTa jAyegA / anyathA jinake pAsa nahIM hai, tumse chur3Ane kA prayatna kareMge, jIvana bhara kalaha banA rahegA pUrA rAstA dukhadAyI ho jAyegA / mithyAtva ADaMbara hai, cetanA para prAvaraNa, isakA tyAga karo, ghRraNA miTa jAyegI, laghu virATa meM. badala jAyegA / dhaura ise 'prekTIkala' rUpa meM mahAvIra ne zUdra aura pratyajoM ko gale lagA kara prastuta kiyA | unhoMne sabako apane saba meM sammilita kiyA binA bheda bhAva ke, unheM mumukSu banAyA aura virATa ke liye taiyAra kara diyA / mahAvIra ko sunakara samrAToM ne pravrajyA dhAraNa kI / abhimAnI mastaka nata ho gaye aura yahAM tuma ho mahAvIra kI 2500veM nirvANotsava ke liye udyata kintu samAja meM samAja kI sthiti nirmita karane meM asamartha / samAja ko jaba tuma pyAra nahIM de sakate, mAnava ke prati tumhArA hRdaya sneha sikta nahIM to sAre prAyojana vyartha haiM / mahAvIra ke pragrahI jIvana ko parigraha se zobhAyamAna karanA nitAnta avicArapUrNa hogaa| yaha bar3I virIta dhAraNA hai| kara do isa vyaya ko usa prora sthAnAntarita jahA~ se kaha kI prAbAja bhA rahI hai, jahA~ prabhAva / yadi yaha prema kA sAgara umar3A hai to kATa do usa sa gara se nahareM aura unmukha kara do unheM usa ora jahA~ kI dharatI pyAsA hai, sUkhI jamIna siMcita ho jAyegI, harI bharI ho jAyeMgI, tRpta ho jaayeNgii| tuma bhI tRpta ho jAvoge / cAroM ora kI jIvana kI mahaka se tuma khila uThoge / yahI to mokSa kA Ananda hai / isaliye artha ke pradarzana se mahAvIra ke darzana kI uccatA kA pradarzana kevala taba ho sakegA jaba vaha tumhArI mAnasika vizAlatA kA paricAyaka hogA anyathA samAja ke lie mrAtma hantA /

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jaina dharma meM zrAvaka kI mahattA 'zrAvaka' zabda sAmAnya gRhastha zabda se U~cA, artha gambhIra aura bhAvapUrNa hai| dhAvaka zabda kA artha ziSya yA sunanevAlA bhI hai| lekina jaina pora bauddha paramparA ke anusAra zrAvaka vaha hai jo saddharma para zraddhA rakhatA hai, gRhasthocita vratoM kA niSThApUrvaka pAlana karatA hai, pApa-kiyAnoM se dUra rahatA hai aura apanI sImA meM mAtma-kalyANa ke patha para calate hue zramaNoM yA bhikSugeM kI upAsanA karatA hai unake prAtmakalyANa meM sahAyaka hotA hai; vivekI aura kriyAvAna hotA hai| kavivara banArasIdAsa ne zrAvaka ko jinendra kA laghunandana kahakara use gaurava ke zikhara para car3hA diyA hai / aimA samyagdRSTi sampanna zrAvaka gRhastha hote hue bhI gRhastho meM lipta nahIM hotA---gehI paM gRha meM na raca jyoM jala teM bhinna kamala hai / zrAvaka arthAt samyak zravaNa karane vAlA, prANoM se zravaNa karane vaalaa| __ kala-pravAha ke thaper3e khAte-khAte Aja zrAvaka zabda kA artha-gaurava bhale hI kho gayA ho, lekina taba bhI yaha zucibhUta, zAlIna, pavitra, sarasa, pratItipUrNa, nirbhaya, nirAmaya, sphaTikavat nirmala. svaccha jIvana kA kIrtipuja hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke dharmasaMgha kA saMvAhaka zrAvaka hI hotA hai, vahI dharma-ratha kI dhurI hotA hai| parama zrAvakatva kI parAkASThA taka pahuMce binA munidharma ke tapomArga para pArohaNa saMbhava hI nahIM hai| muni kI pratiSThA zrAvaka se hI jaina pAgama nAma se prasiddha prAcInatama prAkRta vADmaya meM zramaNa yA anagAra-dharma kA hI varNana vizeSa rUpa se milatA hai / bar3e-bar3e samrAToM tathA zreSThi-putroM ne hI nahIM pratimuktaka jaise choTe-choTe zrI jamanAlAla jaina vArANasI

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1-100 bAlakoM ne bhI sIdhe zramaNa-dharma kI dIkSA lekara tapasyA kI ra mukti prApta kI / upAsakadazA jaise ekAdha graMtha meM upAsakoM ke vratI jIvana kA varaNana avazya milatA hai; kintu prAyaH sArA bhAgama vADmaya zramaNa jIvana aMgIkAra karane vAloM kI kathAoM se bharA hai / Agama yuga ke pazcAtvartI kAla meM hI zrAvakAcAra prati vAdaka graMthoM kI racanA kI ora zrAcAryoM kA dhyAna gayA hai| zrAgama yuga meM aura sambhavataH bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM managAradharma hI karma-mukti ke lie prAvazyaka samajhA gayA thaa| bar3e-bar3e sampattizAlI gRhastha putra bhaura rAjaputra bharI javAnI meM, pAMca-pAMca sau patniyoM ko vilakhatI chor3akara zramaNa-patha para cala par3ate haiM / aura vaibhava bhI kaisA ? bhadrA putra zAlibhadra kI 32 patniyoM ne bIsa-bIsa lAkha svarNa mudrAoM ke ratna kambala paira poMchakara yoM pheMkadiye mAnoM puchannA ho ! aise dhana-lipta logoM ko vaibhava ke naze se virata karane ke lie sarvasva tyAga kA mArga hI Avazyaka thA / mahAvIra jisa prakAra kI sAmAjika yA dhArmika krAnti kA sapanA dekha rahe the, use sAkAra karane ke lie suvidhA kA yA yathAzakti tyAga kA upAya yatheSTa phaladAyaka nahIM thA, kyoMki viSamatA carama sImA taka pahuMca gayI thI / hara kSetra meM viSamatA thI, zoSaraNa thA aura mahAvIra the samatA ke pratIka / samAja meM samatA lAne ke lie vaibhava kI pratiSThA ko nIce utAranA zrAvazyaka thaa| apaharaNa ke dvArA apratiSThita honekI apekSA mahAvIra ne aparigraha dvArA pratiSThita hone kA mArga kholA aura hama dekhate haiM ki jhuNDa ke jhuNDa loga, yuvaka aura yuvatiyAM unake zramaraNa- saMgha meM zAmila hote haiM, digambara banate haiM aura ghara-ghara se bhikSA lekara samatA kI alakha jagAte haiM / bAda meM, aise gRhatyAgI zramaraNoM kA samartha saMgha bana jAne para, yaha AvazyakatA anubhava hone lagI ki sAdhanA kA eka aisA mArga bhI honA cAhie jo sAmAnya gRhastha ke upayukta ho aura zramaraNa-dharma kA pUraka saMrakSaka bhI ho| cUMki zramaraNa-dharma kA pAlana kaThina hotA hai, ataH zrAvaka-dharma kA madhyama mArga, aNuvrata kA mArga khula gayA / yaha isalie bhI zrAvazyaka thA ki mAmAjika maryAdAeM tathA sAmajika santulana banA rahe, svecchAcAra para niyantraNa rakhA jA sake, samAja meM naitika vAtAvaraNa vRddhigata ho zrIra zramaNoM kA saMrakSaNa bhI ho / paga zrAvaka ke prAcAra dharma ko bhale hI aNuvrata kA mArga kahA jAtA ho, kintu vaha zramaNa-dharma se kama mahatva kA kataI nahIM hai| mahAvrata aMgIkAra karake sarvasaMgaparityAgI digambara tathA araNya vihArI banakara mukti kI sAdhanA karane kI apekSA parivAra ke bIca samAja meM rahakara apane ko saMyata banAne meM yA loka kalyANAbhimukha banAne meM adhika puruSArtha evaM tapasyA apekSita hai| aise zrasuvratI yA zrAvaka ko loka saMgraha bhI karanA par3atA hai, pArasparika sauhArda bhI jagAnA par3atA hai, vyaktigata tathA sAmAjika burAiyoM kA sAmanA bhI karanA par3atA hai / vaha karma se vimukha nahIM ho sakatA / nirantara vyava hAra nirata tathA loka-samparka meM rahate hue use mana vacana aura kAyagata saMyama rakhanA par3atA hai / paga para usake sAmane zrAkarSaNa aura pralobhana kI phisalana hotI hai, kintu use pratipala satarka rahanA par3atA hai / usakA jIvana vAstava meM sAmUhika sAdhanA kA karmakSetra hotA hai| eka prakAra se vaha apane gale meM sarpa mAla dhAraNa karake karma kSetra meM utaratA hai / vaha palAyanavAdI nahIM hotA / vaha kardamamaya sAMsArikatA meM hI kamala kI bhAMti Upara uThatA hai / svAmI samantabhadra apane samaya meM bar3I krAMtikArI bAta kaha gaye haiM ki mohI muni se nirmohI gRhastha uttama hotA hai / kintu vAstava meM dekhA jAya to gRhasyoM kA jo krIr3A kSetra hai, vahI muniyoM ke lie duSkara tapasyAbhUmi hai - muni usameM apane ko samhAla hI nahIM sakate / Aja to samantabhadra ko bhI ulaTakara apanI bAta meM saMzodhana karake kahanA par3atA ki muni bhale hI nirmohI ho, lekina

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zreSTha to mohI gRhastha hI mAnA jAyegA / mAnavadharma kA yathArtha pratinidhi vastutaH zrAvaka hI hai ! zrAvaka ke AdhArabhUta bAraha vrata mAne gaye haiM / zrAvakAcAra ke granthoM meM ina vratoM ko pAMca-pAMca bhAvanAnoM tathA pAMca-pAMca praticAroM kA varNana bhI milatA hai| ina vratoM kA sAMgopAMga yA alpAMza meM r3hatApUrvaka pAlana karane vAloM kI tathA corI-chipe vikAravRtti ke pralobhana vaMza inakA bhaMga karane vAloM kI dRSTAnta kathAe~ bhI udbodhana ke lie likhI huI milatI haiM / manuSya hI nahIM siMha, hAthI, sarpa, bhAlU, baila aura vAnara jaise pazu tathA pakSI bhI dharma kA upadeza sunakara tathA jAtismaraNa hone ke phalasvarUpa kisI eka vrata ke prarthAt zrahiMsA ke kisI eka aMza kA pAlana karake kaSTa sahana karake prANa tyAga kiyA aura sadgati prApta kara cuke haiM / apane eka paira ke nIce zrAzraya lene vAle kharagoza kI prANarakSA kI anukampA bhAvanA se prerita hAthI kA jIva sadgati prApta karatA hai aura bAda vaha zreNika putra meghakumAra ke rUpa meM janma letA hai / mahAvIra kA darzana karane vAle caMDakauzika sarpa kI kathA prasiddha hI hai / Aja bhI parivAroM meM parasparavirodhIvRtti ke jAnavara prema karate hue pAye jAte haiN| ye prAraNI buddhi meM manuSya kI apekSA nikRSTa koTi ke mAne jAte haiM, lekina inakA snehapUrNa vartAva aura pArasparika tyAga dekhakara manuSya gadgad ho jAtA hai| kaI bAra ye mUka prANI manuSya ke, guru yA mArgadarzaka taka bana jAte haiN| ye nahIM jAnate ki ve kisa vrata kA, kisa aMza meM pAlana kara rahe haiM aura unakI kyA gati hogI, kintu isase itanA to niHsandeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki sneha kI, mamatA kI, karuNA kI aura pArasparikatA kI sAdhanA mahAkaThina hai| zrAvaka isI mahAkaThina sAdhanA karane meM jIvana ko khapAtA hai / vratoM kI saMkhyA kA yA unakI zAstrIya paribhASAoM kA, sImA rekhA kA mahatva suvistRta evaM anantaprAyAmI jIvana ke Age nagaNya hai / mahatva 1-101 kevala sAMketika hai / vrata ke nirdezaka sUtra kevala mArgasUcaka paTTikAeM haiM ki mArga lambA hai yA kaMTakAko, sunA hai yA bhayAvanA; lu-lapaTa vAlA hai yA dhUla-dhavakar3a se bharA hai, Ubar3a-khAbar3a hai yA sIdhA samatala ; Ter3hA-mer3hA hai yA sIdhA / manuSya kI zArIrika zakti evaM sAmarthya kI sImA bhI hai / yaha manuSya kI viveka zakti para nirbhara hai ki vaha deza, kAla, zakti, paristhiti dekhakara patha para kitanI dUra taka jAne meM samartha hai / vrata eka bhI ho sakatA hai, bAraha bhI ho sakate haiM aura bAraha sau bhI ho sakate haiM - eka vrata ke eka zraMza ke zrananta AyAma ho sakate haiM aura eka-eka vyakti ke alagaalaga ho sakate haiM / jainadharma ne sadaiva vyaktisvAtaMtrya ko sarvopari mahatva diyA hai| manuSya kA dharma vaiyaktika aura sAmUhika donoM prakAra kA hotA hai / usake puruSArtha kI saphalatA isI meM hai ki vaha donoM meM santulana sAdha sake pravAhazIla paramparA meM vaha apanI upayogitA aura AvazyakatAnukUla sAratatva grahaNa karake prAge bar3hatA hai / yaha vijJAna aura vikAsazIlatA kA yuga hai / yo yuga kabhI avaijJAnika nahIM rahA, samAja pragatizIla hI rahA hai / phira bhI Aja kA yuga aMtarikSa vaijJAnikatA meM praveza kara gayA hai, mAnava ne apane se sahasroM gunA zakti yaMtroM meM saMcita karake apane samaya kI bacata karane meM saphalatA prApta karalI hai / samAja kA svarUpa bar3I tejI se badalatA jA rahA hai| aura yaha badalAva hI usake vikAsa kA lakSaNa hai / isa badalAva se manuSya nita-nUtanatA prApta karatA hai aura jIrNa-zaraNa ko utAratA - pheMkatA calatA hai / zAstra nirdezita vidhAna yA paribhASAeM usake samakSa naye-naye pariveza tathA prartha meM prastuta hotI haiM aura isa taraha vaha kriyAjar3atA meM na ulajhakara pragati karatA hai / vrata ke pAlana meM jar3atA tabhI prAtI hai, jaba vratoM kI lIka pITI jAtI hai-- lIka piTatI raha jAtI hai, jIvana Age bar3ha cukA hotA hai / makSikA sthAna para makSikA to mArakara hI rakhI ke

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'1-102 jA sakatI hai / jar3a zabdoM kI pakar3a meM gatizIlatA ahiMsA meM samA jAte haiM / yahAM ahiMsA pArasparika kahAM? rUr3ha artha meM jIvadayA yA jIvarakSaNa nahIM hai| vrata-pAlana kA vidhAna yA saMketa isalie nahIM ahiMsAvratI zrAvaka ke samakSa anantamukhI jIvana kI hai ki vaisA karane se manuSya ko pratiSThA yA svarga sahasrAvadhi dhArAeM nitya naye rUpoM meM vyakta hotI kA aizvarya mile / kisI bhI prakAra kI kAmanA kI rahatI hai aura pratyeka dhArA paraspara-virodhI bhI ho mAkAMkSA se vrata kA pAlana karanA bhayajanya palAyana sakatI haiM / ahiMsA to prAtmavat sarvabhUteSu kA carama hai, samasyAoM se muha cUrAnA hai aura sadAcaraNa utkarSa rUpa hai| isameM sImA aura maryAdA kA, kA, sAmAjika dAyitva kA saudA karanA hai / apane pramANa mora aMza kA, saMkalpa aura vikalpa kA, kama ko becane jaisA hai| zakti aura sAmarthya se hIna aura jyAdA kA, suvidhA yA asuvidhA kA prazna hI dAsa-vRtti kA manuSya prAdezoM kA akSarazaH pAlana nahIM uThatA / usakI pratyeka kriyA ahiMsA se protakarake svAmibhakta yA priya pAtra banA raha sakatA hai prota hogI, vahI abhivyakta hogii| kriyAeM yA to aura isa kalA meM vaha abhyAsa dvArA itanA niSNAta ahiMsaka hotI haiM yA phira hiMsaka / bhAMzika ahiMsA bhI ho jA sakatA hai ki usase koI galatI yA cUka kA vrata lekara kucha kriyAoM ke karane meM hiMsA kI na ho-vaha yAMtrika bana sakatA hai| lekina yahI chUTa lenA eka prakAra se apanI kamajorI kA bacAva saba se bar3I prAtmavaMcanA bhI hai| prAtmavaMcaka manuSya karanA hai yA apanI vAsanA ko khulI chUTa denA hai| pratoM kA pAlana bar3I sAvadhAnI tathA satarkatA pUrvaka kriyA mAtra meM hiMsA mAnakara prakriyamANa hokara karate haiM / bAra-bAra ve zastroM ke pramANa bhI prastuta baiTha jAnA bhI ahiMsA kA pAlana nahIM hai / kriyA kate haiM / naitikatA kA, saMyama kA, dhArmikatA kA kA sambandha bAhyatA se adhika prAMtarikatA se hai| / mukhauTA lagAkara vicarane vAle ye hI loga vratoM se kriyAzIlatA ke abhAva meM ahiMsA kI kalpanA taka ne bacAva ke aneka upAya khoja lete haiN| isa nahIM kI jA sktii| vastutaH kriyAzIlatA hI sokavAdI jar3atA meM se hI dikhAvA, chalAvA aura ahiMsA kI kasauTI hai| bhulAvA nipajatA hai| niyamoM tathA AdezoM kA eka udAharaNa se hama apanI bAta spaSTa kreN| pAlana to sainika aura kArakhAne ke majadUra bhI eka AdamI ko jora kI pyAsa lagI hai| vaha aise karate haiM, sama ke prANI bhI karate haiN| lekina yaha kSetra meM hai jahAM mIloM taka pAnI kA milanA kaThina prAMtarika vikAsa kA pramANa nahIM hai| niyamoM yA hai| kisI taraha eka gilAsa pAnI kA prabandha ho vatoM kA andhAnukaraNa AkarSaka aura camatkArika sakA hai| gilAsa usake hAtha meM A gayI hai aura ho sakatA hai. lekina usameM svAyatta cetanA nahIM muMha se lagAte-lagAte eka dUsarA pyAsA pA jAtA hoto| zrAvaka vratoM kA pAlana vratoM se Upara uThane hai| vaha gilAsa use thamA diyA jAtA hai| isa ke lie karatA hai, apane ko mAMjane ke lie tyAga meM ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa tInoM haiN| tInoM karatA hai| kI samaveta anubhUti prathama pyAse manuSya meM apAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ahiMsA, saMyama va tA rUpa prAnanda bhara detI hai| jaba manuSya 'kSemaM sarvaprajAnAM' dharma ko utkRSTa maMgala kahA hai| jisa vyaktitva meM kI udAtta bhAvanA se jIvana jIne lagatA hai, taba isakA darzana hotA hai, use devatA bhI namana karate usameM apane-parAye kA bheda raha nahIM jAtA aura haiN| pAMca vratoM ko bhI ina tInoM meM samAhita kiyA isI meM usakI sArthakatA hai| aisA vyakti saMgraha jA sakatA hai| pracaurya aura aparigraha saMyama meM prA aura tyAga kI vastuniSThatA se Upara uTha jAtA jAte haiM. satya aura brahmacarya tapa meM aura sabake saba hai| usakA bhoga bhI yoga bana jAtA hai, calanA

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1-103: hI parikramA bana jAtI hai, zayana kI praNati bana dikhAI dene lagate haiN| vaha rAga kI jvAlA se jAtI hai, karma hI pUjA bana jatA hai, zrama-sveda hI bacane bacAne ke lie prayatnazIla ho uThatA hai| amRtarasa bana jAtA hai| usakA vacana hI zAstra bana aise praSTa guNadhI samyak dRSTi zrAvaka kA jAtA hai, sampUrNa triloka usI ke rUpAkAra meM gahya jIvana bhI nadI kI bhAMti sadA saukhyakArI nihita ho jAtA hai-sahaja sama dhi bhalI / usakA hotA hai| usake AsapAsa bahane vAlI vAyu bhI yahI mAnanda-dharma use saMsAra duHkha se uThAkara jagata ke jIvoM me prANoM kA saMcAra karatI hai| uttama sukha meM adhiSThita karatA hai| yaha uttamasukha usake smita mAtra se yA dRSTikSA mAtra se prakRti na paraloka kI vastu hai na kraya kI jAne vAlI rasapla vita ho uThatI hai| zrAvaka svayaM nahIM cIja / isalie zrAvaka ke lie kahA jAtA hai| jAnatA ki vaha kyA hai, usakA jIvana kaisA hai| ki vaha nirantara zravaNa karatA rahatA hai-pAMcoM vaha to basa samAja meM rahatA hai, bahatA hai aura indriyoM kI bamatA kA saMyama pUrvaka samyak upayoga jala kI bhAMti jahAM riktatA dekhatA hai, daur3a jAtA karatA hai. unheM sAmyayoga meM ekAkAra kara detA hai aura samAnatA lA detA hai / vastutaH jIvana kA hai-na unako bahakane detA hai na unako bAMdhakara Ananda dUsaroM ko jIne kA avasara dekara, dUsaroM rakhatA hai| usakI lokAbhimukha phira bhI yoga ko jilAkara jAne meM hai| atithi saMvibhAna meM niSTha zArIrika samagratA nirantara apramAda meM, isI ora iMgita hai| bAMTakara khAna kA mAnanda ramaNIyatA meM, sarasatA meM hiloleM mAratI rahatI anirvacanIya hai| zrAvaka zramaNa kA upAsaka arthAta hai, prema kA athAha sAgara isameM gaMbhIra dhvani garjana zramika hotA hai-na vaha kisI kA svAmI bananA karatA rahatA hai / vaha pratipala bartamAna meM, abhinava cAhatA hai, na kisI ko dAsa banAnA / zrama pUrNa vartamAna meM rahatA hai| apane karma ko bhUta aura karmaThatA mora karma ko akarma banA DAlane kI bhaviSya se jor3ane kI bhUla vaha nahIM krtaa| sAdhanA hI usake jIvana kA sauMdarya hai| vartamAna hI usakA satya hotA hai, yahI usakA saMbala hotA hai| jaina-prAcAra meM zrAvaka ke lie gyAraha prati. hai zrAvaka kA darzana vizuddha hotA hai-mithyAtva mAoM kA vidhAna hai / ye manuSya ko uttarottara sevA prathavA bhrAMti ke andhakAra se vaha ujjvala prakAza ko parAkASThA taka pahuMcAtI haiM / pAramparika zabdArtha meM bhA gayA hotA hai| vaha apane ko saba meM aura aura mAcAra-praNAlI meM to Aja ina pratima bhoM saba meM apane ko dekhatA hai| jAti, veza, liMga, kA uddezya lupta hI ho gayA hai aura yahI kAraNa paramparA, varNa, varga sabake prati usakI dRSTi prAtma- hai ki ina pratimAoM ke pratipAlaka khAna-pAna ke rUpa hotI hai, samatA pUrNa hotI hai| vaha ni zakita jhamele se yA prapaca se Upara nahIM uTha pA rahe haiN| bhAva se dRr3hatApUrvaka sabako apane meM sthira karate gyArahavIM pratimAdhArI bhI samyak rUpa meM pahalI hae, pyAra kI amRta varSA karate hue, nirakAMkSa pratimA para khar3A nahIM ho pA rahA hai / UMcA se hokara vAtsalya boTatA calatA hai| ratnatraya kA UMcA deza sevaka yA jana sevaka banane kI dRSTi se / bhora-mukuTa dhAraNa kara prema kI vaMsI bajAte hue ina pratimAoM meM adbhuta Azaya nihita hai / ahiMsA, baha pArasparika jugupsA vA ghRNAbhAvanA para vijaya saMyama aura tapa kA triveNI saMgama ina pratimAmoM meM prApta karatA hai, doSoM kI bhora usakA dhyAna hI abhivyakta hotA hai / satyaM, zivaM paura sundaraM kA nahIM jAtA, balki apanApana itanA pragar3ha ho samaveta svarUpa pratimAdhAraka ke roma-roma se vyakta bAtA hai ki sabake aneka doSa use apane meM hI saMcita hotA hai / aisA pratimAdhArI hI zrAvaka hotA hai| "

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1-104 zrAvaka-dharma kI paripUrNatA meM zrAvaka se yoga- paidA hotI hai aura yaha manuSya ko patana meM DhakelatI dAna ko vismRta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| donoM hai / zrAvaka kA jIvana sahaja hotA hai, vaha kevala milakara zrAvo katva ko paripUrNatA pradAna karate haiN| prasannatA ke lie pravRtta hotA hai| usameM koI zucirbhUta zrAvikA kI kokha se hI dharma-tIrtha ke pravartaka zalya nahIM raha jaatii| usakA citta candana kI tIrthaMkara Adi mahAprANa puruSottama avatarita hote taraha zItala ho jAtA hai| yaha svArtha aura paramArtha haiM / zrAvikA hI zrAvaka ko parama makAma meM le meM eka-sA hotA hai / usake vyavahAra meM bhI paramArtha jAtI hai| parama brahma kI sAdhanA ke lie use hotA hai aura saude meM bhI tyAga hotA hai| vaha tajakara araNyavAsa karane kI, palAyana kI bhUmikA Atma-gaveSaka hotA hai| samasta Rddhi-siddhiyo use ne ho, vRtti ne hI samAja aura vyakti ko uttama apane bhItara dIkhane lagatI haiM aura vaha apanI sukha se vaMcita kara diyA hai / nitAMta akriya Antarika lakSmI ke kAraNa padIna lakhapati hotA vyaktimattA adhyAtma ke nAma para pujane lagI aura hai| usakA hRdaya virAga-rasa se ApUrita sukha-sAgara zrama kI yathArtha devI zrAvikA tiraskRta ho gyii| hotA hai / moha kI abhedya-caTTAna ko bhedane bheda mUlaka dRSTi ke kAraNa hI mAja zrAvaka dharma ko akUta zakti usameM prA jAtI hai| usakA apanA mahatva evaM prabhAva kho baiThA hai| kahate haiM prayAsa apane meM apane ko pAne kA hotA hai / kavimahAvIra ke saMgha meM to zrAvakoM se dugunI saMkhyA vara banArasIdAsa ne mugdha bhAva se aise samyaktvI zrAvikAoM kI thI aura ve sauMdha kA sacAlana bhI zrAvaka kI, pAradarzI zrAvaka kI, prakAza-puja karatI thiiN| nArI ko, zrAvikA ko, jagajjananI zrAvaka kI vandanA kI hai| hama yahAM nATaka samaya. ko naraka kI khAna, vAsanA kI putalI kahakara manuSya sAra se unake tInoM kavitta uddhata kara rahe haiN| ne apane ko samagra brahma se toDa liyA hai samajha yaha bheda-vijJAna jagyo jinhake ghaTa, rahA hai ki brahma meM ramaNa kara rahA hai| isa bhrAMti sItala citta bhayo jima candana / aura mithyAcaraNa kA bahI pariNAma huaA jo keli kara siva-mAraga maiM, honA thaa| jagamAMhi jinesura ke laghunandana / / __vrata sAdhya nahIM sAdhana mAtra haiN| vrata tabhI satya sarUpa sadA jinhaka, taka upayogI evaM prAvazyaka haiM, jaba taka mana meM pragaTyo avadAta mithyAta nikandana / dvata hai, tamasa kA prAvaraNa chAyA hai yA vikAroM sAta dasA tinha kI pahicAni, kA prabhAva hai| antataH to pratyeka ko vratAtIta kara kara jori banArasi vandana / / honA hI hai vratAtIta hue bagaira vAstavika Ananda, sahajAnubhUti saMbhava nhiiN| mukti kI kAmanA se mukti hue binA mukti nahIM miltii| calanA sIkha jAne svAratha ke sAce paramAratha ke sAce cittapara bAlaka mAM kI agulI taja detA hai, vaise hI vrata sAce, sAce baina kahaiM, sAce jainamatI haiM / pIche chUTa jAne caahie| vratoM se uttIrNa hokara hI kAhU ke viruddha nAhiM, parajAya-buddhi nAhiM zrAvakatva kA kamala khilatA hai| zarIra ke avayavoM prAtamagaveSI, na gRhastha haiM na jatI haiM / / kA svastha sthiti meM jaise bhAra nahIM lagatA-patA hI riddhi-siddhi vRddhi dIsa ghaTa meM pragaTa sadA, nahIM calatA vaise hI vrata bhAra rUpa nahIM hone antara kI lacchI sauM ajAcI lacchapatI haiM / cAhie / kAmanA, pratiSThA, yazasvitA yA bhaya se dAsa bhagavaMta ke, udAsa rahaiM jagata sauM, vratoM kA pAlana karanA bhAra hI hai| isase pratikriyA sukhiyA sadaiva, aise jIva samakitI haiM / /

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0000 jAkai ghaTa pragaTa viveka gaNadhara ko sau hiradai harakhi mahAmoha ko haratu hai / sAco sukha mAneM nija mahimA bhaDola jAnaM, dhApuhi maiM prApano subhAu le gharatu hai / jaise jala- kardama kataka - phala minna kareM, taiseM jIva-prajIva vilachanu karata hai / pratama sakati sAthai, sthAna ko udo ArAdha, soI samakitI bhavasAgara taratu hai // samyaktvI zrAvaka kA bhavasAgara yoM hI pAra nahIM ho jAtA / zrabhyAsa, sAdhanA aura sAtatya se maMjila nikaTa bhAtI hai / palabhara kI asAvadhAnI tuma-janmAntara taka vyathA meM, pIr3A meM, dukha ke mahAgarta meM le jAtI hai / gamana-siddhi paira bhI, ke abhyAsa ke pazcAt bhI isa taraha khar3A yA phisala jAte haiM ki uThanA kaThina ho AtA hai / samyakatyI sAdhaka apane zarIrira ko vAlaya mAnakara use sakSama, pavitra, svaccha rakhatA hai / yA ko anAvazyaka bhAra lAdakara satAnA vaha pApa sakatA hai / tana ko vaha kArAgRha nahIM samajhatA, paMgu mora kSINa nahIM krtaa| basa itanA hI sakatA hai ki sAdhana hai, para sAdhana ko bhI sAdhya aise ekarUpa kara detA hai jaise dUdha meM zarkarA / 1-105 vaha apane tana kI upekSA nahIM karatA, use dharohara samajhatA hai / usakI samasta indriya-pravRttiyAM itanI sahaja, nama, kamanIya, sundara bana jAtI haiM ki usakA sparza mAtra zItalatA pradAna karatA hai / isake lie vaha katipaya guNoM kI apane meM avadhAraNA karatA hai / pArasparika vyavahAra kI kasauTI ye hI guNa haiM, jina para vaha kharA utarane kA prayAsa karatA hai / yu guNa banArasIdAsa jI ke zabdoM meM ikkIsa haiM / ye mAnava kI vyApaka niSThA, udAtta manobhAvanA bhora sahaja- karmaThatA ke paricAyaka haiM / ye guNa paraspara pUraka to haiM hI, eka rUpa bhI haiM, akhaNDa srota kI bhAMti / ye guraNa to manuSya ko ikkIsa yAnI paripUrNa ahiMsaka banA dete haiM / kavi ke zabdoM meM ve guNa haiM 1 lajjAvaMta dayAvaMta prasaMta pratItavaMta, paradoSa ko DhakaiyA, para-upagArI hai / samadRSTi, gunagrAhI gariSTa, sabakoM iSTa, ziSTa pakSI, miSTavAdI, dIragha vicArI hai // vizeSagya, rasagya kRtagya, tagya, dharamagya, na dIna na abhimAnI madhya vivahArI hai / sahaja vinIta pApa kriyA sauM pratIta, aisozrAvaka punIta ikavIsa gunadhArI hai / /

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sUkti-dohana jIvana jala ke bulabule, sama caMcala pahacAna / rahiye hoza havAsa meM, chatra sadA amalAna || hotA acche karma kA acchA phala bure karma kA phala burA, rahatA hai munizrI chatramalajI harabAra / taiyAra // madhura vacana se tuSTa kara detA vastu prabhiSTa / vaha vyavahArI ziSTa hai, bAkI sabhI praziSTa // saMyama tapa japa niyama meM, jo hotA tallIna / usakI sAmAyika sahI kahate chatra pravIna // sabako AtmasamAna gina, samatA kA vyavahAra / karatA vaha jAtA turata, chatra siMdhu se pAra // paricaryA jo glAna kI, karatA usako dhanya / mahA nirjarA kA yahI kAraNa chatra ananya // bandara kSaNa bhara bhI nahIM raha sakatA hai zAnta / tyoM saMkalpa vikalpa yuta, mana bhI sadA prazAMta //

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mAnava ke sukha kA adhiSThAna aparigraha mI yazapAla jaina kisI jamAne meM eka seTha rahatA thaa| usake pAsa apAra dhana-sampatti thI / vaha bar3e zrAnanda kA jIvana vyatIta karatA thA / use kisI cIja kI kamI nahIM thI / akasmAta eka dina usake mastiSka meM eka kalpanA ubhrii| usane hisAba lagAyA ki usake pAsa jo sampatti hai, usase usakA kAma cala jAyegA, lekina usake baccoM ke baccoM kA kyA hogA ? ' isa vicAra ke Ate hI seTha cintA se vyAkula uThA / usake baccoM ke baccoM kI jimmedArI prAkhira usI kI to hai | yadi unakI vyavasthA usane nahIM kI to ve kaise apanA jIvana-yApana kareMge ? seTha kA sArA Ananda kAphUra ho gayA / usake mana meM eka hI bAta ghumar3ane lagI- hAya, mere baccoM ke baccoM kA kyA hogA ? seTha kI cintA kI bAta cAroM ora phaila gaI / " loga usake pAsa sahAnubhUti pradarzita karane Aye, para seTha kI cintA dUra nahIM huI, usakA bojha isakA nahIM huA / acAnaka eka dina eka AdamI prAyA / bolA, " seThajI, Apane sunA? bastI meM eka sAdhu Aye haiM, unake pAsa jo jAtA hai usI kI manokAmamA pUrI kara dete haiN| Apa unake pAsa cale jAiye aura apanI icchA pUrI karalIjiye / " seThajI usakI bAta sunakara sAdhu ke pAsa gaye aura unheM apane mana kI bAta kaha sunaaii| sAdhu muskarAye / bole, "basa, itanI-sI bAta hai / eka kAma kara / tere par3osa meM eka bur3hiyA apanI jhoMpar3I meM rahatI hai / kala savere usake pAsa jAkara eka sIdhA de jAyagI / " i zrA / terI icchA pUrI ho seTha kI khuzI kA ThikAnA na rahA / yaha to bar3A sA saudA thaa| thor3A-sA ghATA, dAla, namaka, ghI, aura badale meM behisAra dhana kI prApti / usane sAdhu ke caraNa chue maura ghara lauTa yA / vaha rAta kATanI usake lie muzkila ho gaI / kaba saverA ho ki vaha jAkara bur3hiyA ko sIdhA de aura usakI tijoriyoM kA dhana dugunAcaugunA ho jAya / jaise hI pau phaTI ki seTha ne eka thAlI meM grATA, dAla, namaka, ghI liyA aura tejI se bur3hiyA kI kuTiyA para phuNcaa| dekhatA kyA hai ki bur3hiyA kI bahU saphAI kara rahI hai| seTha ne utAvalI se pUchA, "tumharI sAsa kahAM hai ? " bahU ne saphAI karate karate seTha kI bhora dekhA zraura kahA, "vaha jApa kara rahI haiM / " seTha ne kahA, "unako jarA bulAyogI ?" "nahI, jabataka jApa pUrA nahIM ho jAyagA, vaha nahIM pA sakatIM / " bahU ne kAma karate-karate kahA /

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1-108 seTha ko bar3I vecanI huii| vaha bolA, "acchA to lo, yaha sIdhA tumhIM le lo / " bahU ne kahA, "nahIM, hameM nahIM cAhie / " seTha ko kATo to khUna nhiiN| apanI prAzA para pAnI phirate dekha usane bar3I vyagratA se pUchA, "aut?" sahajabhAva se bahU ne kahA, "isalie ki prAja ke lie hamAre ghara meM hai / " "to," seTha bole, "kala kAma prA jAyagA / " "nahIM, hama kala ke lie nahIM rakhate / " bahU ve bar3I nizciMtatA se kahA / " usameM nukasAna kyA hai ?" seTha ne nirAza hokara pUchA / " ' nukasAna ?" bahU bolI, "hama yaha saba nahIM socate / jisa bhagavAna ne hameM paidA kiyA hai aura Aja khAne ko diyA hai, vahI kala ko bhI degA / " seTha ne bahuterA bhAgraha kiyA, lekina bahU rAjI nahIM huI, nahIM huI / seTha mana mAra kara vApasa lauttaa| jAne kyAkyA vicAra usake mana meM uThane lge| tabhI bijalI sI kauNdho| koI kaha rahA thA-- zrI seTha, eka aura ye loga haiM, jo kala kI cintA nahIM karate / dUsarI aura tU hai, jo mrapane baccoM ke baccoM kI cintA meM marA jA rahA hai / seTha kI AMkheM khula gii| eka bahuta bar3I saMpadA usake hAtha laga gaI / vartamAna yuga meM jo Arthika viSamatA dikhAI detI hai, usakA mukhya kAraNa adhika-se-adhika saMcaya karane kI lAlasA ke phalasvarUpa samAja meM do aise varga paidA ho gaye haiM, jinameM se eka ke pAsa behisAba dhana hai, dUsare ke pAsa nitAnta prabhAva hai / donoM vargoM ke bIca caur3I khAI hai prora vaha nirantara bar3hatI jA rahI hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra isI khAI ko pATane ke lie saba kucha tyAga kara akiMcana bane / vaha jAnate the ki eka mahala hajAroM jhopar3iyoM ko janma detA hai, eka hI umIMdI lAkhoM ko pAmAla kara detI hai isalie unhoMne kahA, icchAmoM kI sImA bAMdhoM aura parigraha - pariNAma kA vrata lo / jo icchAoM para bandhana nahIM lagAtA, apanI dhana sampatti ke cAroM zrora rekhA nahIM khIMcatA, vaha jIvana meM sadA bhaTakatA rahatA hai / eka dUsarI bAta aura bhI dhyAna dene kI hai / parigraha kleza kA kAraNa taba aura bana jAtA hai, jabaki usake prati hamArI pAsakti hotI hai / vastutaH padArtha aura usake prati moha mUrcchA kA nAma hI parigraha hai / prAja se DhAI hajAra varSa pahale vyakti, samAja bhora rASTra kI sukha-zAnti ke lie jo mArga, mahAvIra ne sujhAyA thA, usI mArga ko vartamAna yuga meM mahAtmA gAMdhI ne prazasta kiyA / unhoMne kahA ki hama zrAvazyakatA se adhika kucha bhI rakhate haiM to corI karate haiM / unhoMne yahAM taka kahA ki anAvazyaka vicAra bhI parigraha haiM / manuSya sAmAjika prANI hai / eka kA sukha dukha dUsare ke sukha dukha para nirbhara karatA hai / par3osI ko bhUkha se chaTapaTAte dekhate hue jo svayaM khAkara caina kI nIMda so sakatA hai, use manuSya kI nahIM, kucha aura hI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai / mAnavatA kA takAjA hai ki hama samAja meM vyApta prArthika vaiSamya ko dUra karane ke lie kRtasaMkalpa hoN| usI meM hamArA bhalA hai, dUsaroM kA bhalA hai / jIvana kI lambI yAtrA tabhI sugama aura sarala ho sakatI hai, jabaki hamAre sira para kama se kama bojha ho / bhAra-mukta hokara hI pakSI gagana meM vicaraNa kara sakatA hai / kicana bana kara vyakti jIvana kA saccA mAnanda le sakatA hai / isa Adarza sthiti ko durbala mAnava bhale hI prApta na kara sake, lekina jIvana yAtrA ko zrAnanda-dAyaka banAne ke lie usa dizA meM agrasara to honA hI cAhie /

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Ala iNDiyA reDiyo se prasArita jaina darzana kI vyApakatA jaina darzana ke viSaya meM jaba maiM bAta karatA hUM to mere sAmane eka mahAna vyaktitva ubhara kara pAtA hai / yaha vyaktitva hai vardhamAna mahAvIra kA / mahAvIra ne jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM kI jo vyAkhyA dI, usase jaina darzana mAnavIya jIvana mUlyoM ke sAtha manivArya rUpa se saMpRkta ho gyaa| vaha janadarzana bana . gyaa| mujhe to spaSTa dikhAI detA hai ki mahAvIra ke bAda ina DhAI hajAra varSoM meM jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM kA vyApaka prasAra huA hai / usane na kevala bhAratIya jIvana ko pratyuta vizvacintana ko vyApaka rUpa se prabhAvita kiyA hai| siddhAntoM kI bAta karane se pahale yaha jAna lenA upayukta hogA ki yaha darzana kahAM se pratiphalita haa| mahAvIra jaina dharma ke caubIsaveM aura antima tIrthakara mAne jAte haiN| unake sAtha tIrthaMkaroM ke cintana kI eka dIrghakAlika paramparA jur3I hai| sudUra atIta kI vaha kar3I aba bhI itihAsa kI pakar3a ke bAhara hai| purAtatva aura sa hityika anusandhAnoM se jo tathya sAmane Aye haiM, unase itanA to spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki itihAsa pUrva meM bhI cintana kI do dhArAeM pravAhita hotI rahI haiN| inheM zramaNa aura brAhmaNa vicAradhArA kahA gayA / brAhmaNa paramparA ke pravartaka vaidika RSi the / zramaNa paramparA RSabha dvArA pravartita huI / prAcIna vADmaya meM vAtarazana muniyoM, vrAtyoM aura kezI zramaNa ke vivaraNa milate haiM, ve spaSTa rUpa se zramaNa saMskRti se sambaddha jJAta hote haiN| RSabha ne dhyAna aura kAyotsarga kI kaThora sAdhanA kI thii| mohana-jo-- daroM tathA har3appA ke utkhanana meM prApta kAyotsarga pratimAnoM kA sambandha isI paramparA se pratIta hotA hotA hai| DA. gokulacandra jaina vArANasI

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1-110 RSabha ko jaina dharma kA prathama tIrthakara mAnA kaThora sAdhanA unhoMne kI, usakA itihAsa meM dUsarA gayA hai| unake jIvana ke sambandha meM paryApta jAna- udAharaNa nahIM miltaa| sAr3he bAraha varSa taka kArI prApta ho jAtI hai| Rgveda meM RSabha ke mahAvIra nirantara sAdhanA karate rahe / sarvathA nirvastra ullekha milate haiN| zrImadbhAgavata meM bhI unakA raha kara bhISaNa garamI, zIta aura varSA meM unhoMne caritra vaNita hai / jaina vADmaya meM to pUrA vivaraNa sAdhanA kii| jeTha kI tapatI dopaharI meM mahAvIra prApta hota hI hai| unake bAda ke tIrya karoM ke nage badana tapta zilA para baiTha jAte yA khar3e rahate / jIvana ke sambandha meM abhI taka vizeSa sAmagrI kar3akar3AtI sardI meM jaba barphIlI havAeM sAMya-sAMya prakAza meM nahIM A pAyI, isIlie kaI loga unakI karatI huI bahatI, pakSI bhI ghoMsaloM meM chipAe dubaka aitihAsikatA ke viSaya meM saMdeha vyakta karate haiN| kara baiThe rahate. aise meM mahAvIra kisI tAla ke taTa jo bhI ho, yaha saca hai ki itihAsa kI pakar3a para yA nadI ke kinAre nirabhra AkAza meM apanI abhI bahuta gaharI nahIM hai| isalie jaba taka khojeM anAvRtta kAyA lie dhyAna meM magna hote / jhaMjhAvAta jArI haiM taba taka merI samajha meM hameM sUtra rUpa meM pora tUphAnI barasAteM, ve apanI khulI deha para jhela prApta saMdoM ko bhI nakAranA nahIM caahie| bhArata lete / lagAtAra kaI-kaI dinoM, saptAhoM aura mahInoM meM abhI bhI ina tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana aura sAdhanA se taka mahAvIra binA khAye, binA piye raha jAte / sambaddha sthAna tArtha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiN| jahA~ bhI jAte paidala jAte / na bolate na batiyAte / bosaveM tIrthakara munisuvrata aura puruSottama rAma unheM koI gAlI detA, kaThora vacana bolatA, suna samakAlIna batAye jAte haiM / ikkIsaveM tIrthaMkara nami lete / apamAna karatA, yAtanA detA, saha lete, na aura videha janaka kA kAla eka mAnA gayA hai| kucha bolate, na pratikAra krte| koI unheM Adara 2veM tIrthakara nemi vAsudeva kRSNa ke cacere bhAI detA, vandana karatA, usakA bhI ve uttara na dete| the| 23veM tIrthakara pAzva kA janma vArANasI meM sAdhanA kI isa dIrghAvadhi meM ve kula milA kara haprA aura bihAra ke sammedazikhara se sau varSa kI muzkila se kucha muharta hI soye / ve apane jIvana para pAyu meM unakA nirvANa humA / prA lI yaha parvata hI taraha-taraha ke prayoga kara rahe the| mahAvIra ne pArvanAtha paha Da ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| jaba koramako mAnA kI gaura kaThora se kaThoratama sAdhanA kI aura eka dina pAyA mahAvIra janme, usa samaya pArzva kI paramparA ke ki unhoMne apane Apa ko pUrI taraha jIta liyA zramaNa baha sakhyA meM maujUda the| rAjagRha pAzvo- hai jina' ho gye| nuyAyiyoM kA gar3ha thaa| svayaM mahAvIra ke mAtApitA pAzva ke anuyAyo the / mahAvIra aura gautama ___ jaina darzana ke jo siddhAnta hameM vartamAna meM prApta buddha jaba saMpasta hue to unhoMne pAzva kA hI haiM. unheM hama mahAvIra kI sAdhanA aura cintana kA zrAmaNya jIvana svIkAra kiyA thaa| pAzva kI navanIta kaha sakate haiN| mahAvIra ke anuyAyI paramparA ke sAdhu 'niggaMTha samaNa' aura gRhastha anu- prAcAryoM ne pichale DhAI hajAra varSoM meM una siddhAntoM yAyI 'pApitya kahalAte the| kI jo vyAkhyAeM kI, unameM yugIna sandarbha bhI ... gautama buddha ko pArzva kI sAdhanA paddhati bahuta jur3ate cale ge| dArzanika yuga kI jaTilatAoM meM kaThora pratIta huii| isalie unhoMne use chor3a kara sIdhe-sAdhe siddhAnta itane durUha lagane lage ki jIvana bIca kA rAstA nikAlA, jise 'madhyamapratipadA' kahA ke sAtha unakA sambandha hI na ho| isI yuga meM jAtA hai| mahAvIra ne parva ko mAdhanA paddhati ko dhArmika anudAratA ke kAraNa siddhAntoM kI durvyAkhyA aura adhika vikasita kiyA / kAyotsarga kI jitanI bhI kI gayI aura durAlocanA bhI, para isa sabase .

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ve kharAda para car3hAe gae hIre kI taraha aura adhika camakadAra ho kara sAmane zrAye / mahAvIra ne jIvana bhara jagata ke kisI bhI prazna ko avyAkRta kaha kara nahIM ttaalaa| unhoMne pratyeka ke samAdhAna diye / jaina darzana samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kI dhurI para pratiSThita hai / dRSTi jaba taka sahI na ho, jJAna saccA ho hI nahIM sktaa| aura sahI jJAna ke binA sadAcaraNa kI apekSA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| isalie jaina darzana meM inako sammilita rUpa se mokSa kA mArga kahA hai / sabhyagdarzana meM sampUrNa tatvamImAMsA nihita hai| samyagjJAna meM jJAnamImAMsA / samyakcAritra jIvana kI eka pUrNa pracAra saMhitA hai / jaina darzana ke tatva cintana aura jJAna mImAMsA meM hajAroM hajAra varSoM ke bAda bhI vizeSa antara nahIM prAyA / AcAra saMhitA yuga dhora paristhitiyoM ke anusAra badalatI rahI hai| chaha dravya, sAta tatva aura nava padArtha tathA matijJAna, zrutajJAna Adi kA vivecana yathApUrva aba bhI milatA hai / jaina darzana kA pahalA sUtra hai-- cetana praura pracetana do mUla tatva haiN| inakA svarUpa auaura prakRti sarvathA bhinna haiM / para svarNa - pASANa meM svarNa maura bAlukA ke karaNoM kI taraha yA dUdha meM pAnI kI taraha anAdikAla se mile hue haiN| inako pRthak-pRthak lenA hI samyagjJAna hai / isa siddhAnta ne eka nayI jijJAsA ko janma diyA / ye jar3a zraura cetana kaise baMdhate haiM, kaise alagaalaga ho sakate haiM / isa jijJAsA ke sUtra haiM bandha aura mokss| isake samAdhAna meM se pratiphalita huA karma kA siddhAnta / zrAsrava bandha kA kAraNa hai / saMvara mIra nirjarA mokSa ke hetu haiM / cetana jar3a se saMpRkta raha kara jo kriyA karatA hai, usase karma ke paramANu prAprAkara baMdhate jAte haiN| yoga dvArA kriyA yA parispanda ko roka diyA to karmoM kA zrAnA ruka jAtA hai / saMvara kI isa sthiti ke bAda pUrva saMcita karmoM 14111 hai kA vinAza nirjaMga hai aura sarvathA pRthakkaraNa mokSa cetana aura pracetana kI baddha avastha saMsAra hai aura svatantra avastha mokSa jIva aura jagata kA yahI darzana | cetana mAtmA hai| jitane cetana haiM, utanI saba svatantra zrAtmAeM haiN| pratyeka zrAtmA apane karma kA kartA aura usake pariNAmoM kA bhoktA svayaM hai - '- appA kastA vittA ya" jaina darzana meM zrAtmA aura karma ke isa siddhAnta ne vyaktitva ko jo pratiSThA do, vaha bhAratIya cintana meM dubhuta hai| yahI pratma-vidyA yA madhyAtma hai / AtmavidyA ke puraskartA tIrthaMkaroM ne bhAratIya manISA ko itanA prabhAvita kiyA ki 'svargakAmaH yajet' kA vaidika cintaka bhI upaniSadakAla meM A kara prAtmA kI bAta karane lagatA hai / jaina dArzanikoM ne dusarI jijJAsA thI -- yaha dRzyamAn jagata kyA hai, kaise banA bhora kaise calatA hai ? kahA- yaha svayaM kRta hai, na koI banAtA hai, na calAtA hai| jIva aura jar3a, cetana praura pracetana svayaM isake kartA zrora saMcAlaka haiM / jisa prakAra jIva aneka haiM para unakI koTiyAM haiM unI prakAra ajIva yA acetana dravya pAMca taraha ke haiM unakI koTiyAM aneka haiM. bheda-prabheda praka haiM / yahI saMsAra hai / isa siddhAnta ne mAnava mana ko bar3I rAhata dI / vaha kisI ajJAta zakti kA dAsa nahIM hai, vaha apane kArya kA kartA svayaM hai aura usake acche bure pariNAma kA bhoktA bhI svayaM hai| apanA sUtradhAra vaha svayaM hai / koI anya zakti use saMcAlita nahIM karatI / isa cintana se mAnavIya mUlyoM ko pratiSThA milI / usake kRtitva ko pratiSThA milI / vyaktitva ko pratiSThA milI / eka bAta aura bhApa dekheM - cintana jaba gaharAI meM utarA to sahaja prazna uThA - yAde baha bAta hai to dArzanikoM ke cintana meM matabheda kyoM

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1-112 hai / saba eka jaisI bAta kyoM nahIM khte| eka dUsare kI bAta paraspara virodhI-sI kyoM lagatI hai ? ina praznoM ne anekAnta ke darzana ko janma diyA | bhole mana, tuma jitanA jAnate ho, vaha to ekAMza jJAna hai, tuma jitanA kahate ho, vaha to ekAMza kathana hai / jitane jana kaheMge unakI dRSTi bindueM alaga-alaga hoMgI / unakA apanA cintana dUsare se sApekSa hogA / yaha jAna leM to kahIM virodha najara hI nahIM prAtA / vicAra ke stara para isa cintana ko anekAnta nAma diyA gayA aura vANI ke stara para syAdvAda / jIvana meM isa sApekSa siddhAnta kA prayoga sArI jaTilatAoM ko samApta kara detA hai / vibhinna dArzanika dRSTiyoM kA samAdhAna isase acchA maura kyA ho sakatA hai / jaina darzana ke ina siddhAntoM kI prAdhAra bhUmi para jisa zrAcAra-saMhitA kA bhavana khar3A huA, use eka zabda meM kaheM to kaha sakate haiM "ahiMsA" / satya, bhacaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha, saca mAnoM to isI ke aMga haiN| ahiMsA ke binA inakI sAdhanA ho hI nahIM sakatI / Apane asatya bolA M nahIM ki hiMsA ho gayI / corI kI bAta socI nahIM ki hiMsA tabhI ho gayI / zrabrahma aura parigraha kI hiMsA pratyakSa dikhAI detI hai / hiMsA bahuprAyAmI hai aura usakA samAdhAna hai eka mAtra grahasA / mahAvIra ne ahiMsA kA prayoga samagra jIvana ke lie kiyaa| sAmAjika jIvana aura aArthika kSetra meM isakA prayoga kaise ho sakatA hai, rAjanIti isakA varaNa kaise kare, isa sabake lie unhoMne AdhAra sUtra diye - jaba taka mAnava-mAnava meM UMca-nIca kI dIvAra khar3I rahegI, ahiMsA sagha nahIM sakatI / sAmAjika jIvana saMtulita ho nahIM sakatA / sabako samAna mAno aura samAna avasara do / dhana aura jana ko kucha hAthoM meM kendrita karanA ThIka nahIM hai / parigraha kI maryAdA banA kara calanA hogA / binA anumati kisI kI vastu lenA anucita hai / bhale hI vaha dharma ke nAma para kyoM na ho| dUsare ke prAraNa to kisI bhI sthiti meM nahIM lene cAhie / rAjanIti ke viSaya meM unhoMne kahA- zAsaka ko prajAjana se utanA hI bhraMza lenA cAhie jitane se vaha pIr3ita na ho / jaise bhauMrA phUla meM se rasa grahaNa karake apane ko tRpta kara letA hai aura phUla ko nukasAna bhI nahIM pahuMcAtA, aise hI zAsaka ko apanA bhAgadheya grahaNa karanA caahie| jaina darzana kI yaha spaSTa phalazruti hai ki varga bheda cAhe vaha dharma ke nAma para ho cAhe Arthika kAraNoM se, vaha hiMsA hai| svarga ke sukhoM kA pralobhana dekara vartamAna kI sAdhana suvidhAoM ko svAhA karanA asatya hai, corI hai, hiMsA hai| prartha ko apane hAthoM meM sameTa lenA parigraha hai mora parigraha binA hiMsA ke ho nahIM sakatA / dhAja hama jisa yuga meM jI rahe haiM usameM jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM kI vyApakatA bhora adhika najara zrAtI hai / prAja koI bhI bar3e se bar3A vyakti, bar3e se bar3A samAja mora bar3e se bar3A rASTra apanI bAta ko, apanI vicAradhArA ko dUsare ke Upara thopa nahIM sakatA / ise meM to anekAnta ke cintana kA prasAra hI kahUMgA / vargahIna samAja, samAnAdhikAra, prArthika santulana aura dharma nirapekSa zAsana kI jo itanI vyApaka rUpa se bAta kahI jAne lagI hai, vaha mahAvIra kI sAdhanA ke baTa bIja kA khatanAra vRkSa hai / hiMsA kA prayoga vyakti ke jIvana se samAja zraura rASTra ke jIvana meM kisa prakAra ho sakatA hai. isakA prayoga karake gAMdhIjI ne hamAre sAmane rakha diyA hai, jisakA prabhAva sampUrNa vizva para hai / jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM kI samaya-samaya para aneka prakAra se vyAkhyA kI gayI / niHsandeha mAnavIya mUlyoM kI dRSTi se unakA vyApaka kSetra hai| jaina vizvana ne vibhinna yugoM meM dUsare jIvanadarzanoM ko paryApta rUpa se prabhAvita kiyA hai / tIrthaMkaroM kA cintana mAnavIya mUlyoM ke jisa vyApaka dharAtala para pratiSThita hai vaha deza praura

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gayAITTEImamam TIME ENA zrI jaina zvetAmbara tIrtha nAkor3A (rAja.)

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1-113 kAla kI sImAoM se pare hai| yuga ke sandarbha meM karatA hai| jinoMne siddhi ko varaNa kiyA, una jaina darzana kI punarvyAkhyA kI jAe to mAja hama siddhoM ko vandana karatA huuN| jo prahaMta hone ko eka aise jIvana-darzana kI kalpanA kara sakate haiM jo prayatnarata haiM. una prAcAryoM ko namaskAra karatA huuN| samagra mAnavatA ke lie ho| jo sampUrNa vizva jo yaha rAstA dikhAte haiM una upAdhyAyoM ko kA jIvana darzana ho, jo jana-darzana ho| namaskAra karatA hUM. jitane bhI satpuruSa isa mArga siddhAntoM kI udAratA aura vyApaka dRSTikoNa para cala rahe haiM, una sabako maiM praNAma karatA huuN| ke kAraNa hI jaina darzana ne vikAsa kI itanI Namo mrihNtaaeN| dhyApaka sambhAvanAeM mAnIM, ki vyakti se virATa, Namo sivANaM / mAtmA se paramAtmA, mAnava se mahAmAnava aura Namo mAyariyAraNaM / .. jIva mAtra meM bhagavAna banane kI sAmarthya kA prati gamo uvajjhAyAraNaM / pAdana kiyaa| sabhI bhAratIya darzana jahAM Izvara Namo loe savvasAhUNaM / ko Adi meM rakha kara Age cale vahAM jaina darzana ne isase vyApaka dRSTikoNa aura mAnavIya mUlyoM paramAtmA ko anta meM rakhA aura kahA-paramAtmA kI pratiSThA kyA ho sakatI hai| to tumhI ho / apane ko jAno aura svayaM paramAtmA bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jaina darzana ke ina udAra ho jAo, apane ko jIto aura svayaM 'jina' ho siddhAntoM ke prasAra ke lie apanA sampUrNa jIvana jAmo, 'mahaMta' ho jaao| apane ko zuddha karo arpita kara diyA mora svayaM siddha ho gye| unake aura svayaM siddha' bana jaao| 2500veM nirvANa zatAbdI varSa meM yadi hama unake jaina darzana ko maMgala mantra hai cintana kA amRta jana-jana taka pahuMcA sake to jo ahaMnta ho gaye, una sabako maiM praNAma bahuta bar3A puNya-kArya hogaa|

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hiMsA, kUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha, kibAr3oM se banda eka mAnavI koTharI, adherI ! SaT SaT darzanoM kI khaT khaT se kholA gayA ise hAra gae mistrI mahAna jaba yuga ke ! sAdhanA se sadhakara taba sAdhaka mahAvIra ne hiya ke nayana jaba khole aura yoM bole"koTharI bAhara se nahIM andara se banda hai / etadarthaM bAhara se nahIM andara se vaha khulanI hai / " jIvana ke isa prakAra khula gae kibAra, ajJa tama miTa gayA aura prakAza pUrNa ho gayI kamanIya koTharI jahAna meM ! bAharI vidhayAM yuga ke vidhAna bar3e, ho gae vyartha saba rahe par3e ! janatA samaya kI taba bola uThI eka svara ! jaya jaya yuga nAma, vIra prabhu mere praNAma ! ! jaya jaya yuga nAma ! bora prabhu ! mere praNAma !! racayitA DaoNkTara mahendrasAgara pracaMDiyA, alIgar3ha

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ahiMsA banAma hiMsA zrI pratApacanda jaina, zrAgarA kucha varSa pUrva amerikA, rUsa, phrAMsa aura jarmanI hI aise deza ke jinake pAsa praNu bama the / usake bAdU sAmyavAdI cIna bhI una dezoM kI pakti meM jA baiThA hai| usane bhI praNu bama aura hajAroM mIla mAra karane vAlI misAyaleM banA lI haiN| jaba se cIna ne praNu bama banA liye haiM taba se bhArata kI janatA bhI saMgaThita ho uThI hai aura yahAM bhI usakI mArA uThane lagI hai / parantu deza ke zAsana surakSA bIDora jinake hAthoM meM haiM ve barAbara isa mAMga se apanI asahamati dikhA rahe haiN| unakA mata hai ki saMsAra kI ANavika zastrIya sthiti aisI bana gaI hai ki unake banAne se hamArI surakSA para to koI khAsa pharka par3egA nahIM, kyoMki jinake pAsa vaha hai ve khuda hI eka dUsare se bhayabhIta haiM, hA prArthika dabAva ke kAraNa deza ke vikAsa kAryoM para kuprabhAva zravazya par3egA / baharahAla isa mAMga ko lekara deza kA mata vibhAjita hai| phira bhI aNu zakti kI khoja aura usakA upayoga deza ke vikAsa kAryoM meM karane kA prayAsa cala rahA hai / yaha aNu bama kitanA bhayaMkara aura kitanA vinAzakArI ho sakatA hai isakA andAjA hame sahaja hI lagA sakate haiM hirozimA aura nAgAsAkI ke vidhvaMsa se / yaha ghaTanA dvitIya mahAyuddha ke madhya 5 agasta san 1945 kI hai / jaba ki sabhya amerikA ne una para aNu bama kA visphoTa kara jaghanya aparAdha kiyA thaa| vaha bama kevala bacA hI thA taba bhI usane 80 hajAra nAgarikoM ko dekhate dekhate mauta ke ghATa utAra diyA thA tathA lAkhoM ko zrAjIvana apaMga banA diyA thA / pakSI taka nahIM bace the aura pUrA kA pUrA nagara malave kA Dhera bana gayA thaa| yahAM taka ki vahAM ke vAyu maMDala

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1-116 ko bhI usane dUSita kara diyA thA / mAja to usase utAra diyA aura bandI banA liyaa| anta meM dakSiNa kahIM jyAdA zaktizAlI mahA pralayakArI udujana bama viyatanAma se bhI use khadeDa bAhara kiyA gayA / taka ina dezoM ke pAsa haiN| unameM se kevala eka hI hAla meM kamboDiyA se bhI use bhAganA par3A hai maura bama (bhagavAna na kare) prAdhe vizva ko tabAha kara thAI deza tathA turkI bhI use prAMkheM dikhA rahe haiM / sakatA hai| ina bamoM kA sabase bar3A bhaNDAra jisa jApAna ko usane paMgu banA diyA thA vaha bhI amerikA ke pAsa hai| usake bAda nambara AtA bhI zikaMjA tor3a cukA hai| hai soviyata rUsa kaa| jaba isarAila kI araba dezoM se lar3AI huI ... itanI vizAla zakti pAsa hote hue bhI amerikA aura usane apane kaI gune zaktizAlI araboM kI, choTe se uttarI viyatanAma ko ghuTane nahIM TikAne unase cAroM ora se ghire hone para bhI, kamara tor3a paayaa| bahAdura viyatanAmI 11 varSa taka usakA dI thI aura kevala chaH dinoM meM hI unheM taubA bulavA DaTakara mukAbalA karate rhe| mukAbalA hI nahIM karate dI thI taba use amerikI bar3hiyA hathiyAroM kA rahe, uhoMne use ulTe nAkoM cane cabavA diye| karizmA batAyA gyaa| maiM pUchatA hUM hathiyAro ke use cI bulavA dI pora majabUra kara diyA perisa una himAyatiyo se ki ve bar3hiyA kisma ke hathiyAra meM gola meja para bhAkara sulaha karane ke lie| choTA kahAM cale gaye the viyatanAma ke jaMga meM ? vahAM to sA par3osI kyUbA use barAbara aAMkheM dikhAtA rahatA hai unake calAne vAle bhI khuda hunarakAra the| kahAM aura vaha khAmoza hai| calA gayA thA isa zakti kA vaha dambha jabaki amerikA ne viyatanAmiyoM para nabha, sthala aura hAiTa hAUsa se bAhara nikala kara kisI ke pAsa jala se gyAraha varSa taka andhAdhundha gole brsaaye| jAnA apanI tauhIna samajhane vAle amerikana rASTranApAma (agni) bama una para pheMke aura kITANu pati cIna kI cApalUsI ke lie pIkiMga jAne ko tathA viSaile gaisa yukta bama pheMka kara vahAM ke jala, majabUra ho gaye the ? vAyu maDala aura phasala ko viSAkta kara diyA ghAtaka hathiyAra aura aNubama kI duhAI dene thaa| kahate haiM ki dvitIya vizva yuddha meM jitane bama vAle bhUla jAte haiM ki yaha rAkSasI zakti to girAye gaye the unase ka nase kaI gune bama usane yahAM bhasmAsura hai, jo dUsaroM ko hI nahIM khuda saheja kara giraaye| unase vahAM kI bhUmi meM lAkhoM darAreM rakhane vAle ko bhI khatama kara sakatI hai| vizva ke (kaiTara) par3a gii| lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM sainika rASTroM ko ghAtaka hathiyAra pahuMcAkara hiMsA kI jhoMka diye the aura nAkAbandI karake tathA surageM a.ga ko bhar3akAne vAlA amerikA mAja khuda unakA bichAkara rasadamArga taka usakA banda kara diyA zikAra hai| vahAM ke loga khuda hI eka dUsare kA thaa| makAna aura bAjAra hI nahIM vahA~ ke skUla, zikAra karane lage haiM / abhI kucha hI dinoM meM vahAM girjAghara aura aspatAla taka usane naSTa kara diye ke rASTrapati taka kI hatyA ke do prayAsa ho cuke haiM the / amerikA dvArA itanI rAkSasI zakti jhoMka aura ve bhI mahilAoM ke dvArA / diye jAne para bhI usa bahAdura kauma ne hAra nahIM vizva ke loga bhUle baiThe haiM bhautika naze meM mAnI / unheM amerikA ke hajAroM helIkApTara aura apanI usa mahAna zakti ko jo unheM mahAvIra ne havAI jahAja, jinameM bI 52 bama varSaka bhI the, dI, buddha ne do aura hAla meM hI gAMdhI ne deza usane mAra giraaye| gurillA yuddha karake kaI sura- vyApI tathA aphrIkA meM saphala prayoga parIkSaNa kara kSita amerikI havAI, aDDe tahasa-nahasa kara diye ke dii| gAMdhI ne to ghUsA taka nahIM uThAyA mora aura hajAroM amerikana sainikoM ko mauta ke ghATa varatAniyA jaisI tatkAlIna mahAzakti ko deza se

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1-117 kAla bAhara kiyaa| yaha zakti thI satyaM kI, amerikA meM viyatanAmI samarthaka janamata uTha khar3A ahiMsA, kI AtmA kii| vaha zakti thA manobala humaa| yahI bAta yahUdiyoM ke sAtha thI aura yahI kii| isI zakti ne gata bhArata-pAka yuddha ke daurAna bAMgalA vAsiyoM ke sAtha / apanI saMskRti, apanI praNaM zakti se laisa amerikA ke zaktizAlI sAtaveM bhUmi aura apanI koma kI rakSA ke lie pratikAra bar3e kA muMha phera diyA thA / yahI zakti bahAdura athavA hathiyAra uThA kara cunautI ko svIkAra karanA viyatanAmiyoM ke pAsa thI aura yahI ijarAila ke hiMsA nahIM, alabatA na uThAnA kAyaratA hai| vizva pAsa / vahI par3osI kyUbA ke pAsa hai / vahI mano- ke prANiyoM ko sabase pahale isakA jJAna bhAna basa satya ke hAmI bhArata ke sainikoM aura bAMgalA karAyA thA bhagavAna bAhubali ne usake bAda bhagavAna vAsiyoM ke pAsa thA, jinhoMne eka lAkha kaMka pAka rAma ne aura pAMca hajAra varSa pUrva bhagavAna kRSNa phaujiyoM ko hathiyAra DAlane ke lie majabUra kara ne / jisake pAsa yaha bala hogA vahI majeya hai| diyA thaa| use na aNu bama kA bhaya hai pora na uddhana bama kA aura na hI use kisI ke mAge hAtha pasAranA vaha ina dezoM kA dRr3ha saMkalpa hI thA jisane pdd'egaa| apane se kahI jyAdA bar3e aura zaktizAlI virodhiyoM se unheM apanI rakSA hI nahIM, jIta dilaaii| lekina hama mArakA lekina hama mArakATa aura hanana kA rAstA dRDha saMkalpa paidA hotA hai prAtmabala se satya jisakA chor3a bhI deM, bhale hI hama hiMsA ke ina upakaraNoM mAdhAra hotA hai / Apa pUchoge ki kyA araboM, ko samudra meM pheMka deM tathA hamAre para cIMTiyoM ko amerikanoM tathA pAka ke pAsa yaha bala nahIM thaa| bacAte raheM parantu mahAvIra ahiMsA kevala itanI maiM bar3I namratA ke sAtha parantu dRr3ha bhara nahIM hai aura na kevala itane para se sthAyI ki. nahIM / unake pAsa to asatya ora anyAya para zAntiko dogI kyoM ki hiMsA ko ubhArane vAle AdhArita durAtma (rAkSasI) bala thaa| araba jo kutsita bhAva hamAre antaraMga meM Ate haiM yahUdiyoM ko eka jagaha basakara rahane nahIM denA jaba taka unase chuTakArA nahIM pA liyA jAyagA cAhate the, ve amerikana viyatanAmiyoM ko apane taba taka koI antara par3ane vAlA nhiiN| jaba taka aMgUThe ke nIce karAhate rakhanA cAhatA thA aura . ghaNA, IrSyA, dveSa, prahaMkAra aura tRSNA kA tAMDava pAkistAna kA pazcimI aMcala apane pUrvI aMcala / na banA rahegA hisA pairAlAijDa (nirgIva sI mauna) (sonAra bAMgalA) ko apane romAMsa ke lie zoSaNa rhegii| jaba taka svArtha aura parigraha-lipsA kA karate rahanA cAhatA thA aura alpa saMkhyakoM ko beghara dAnava rakSA prAyagA. hiMsA maha bAye rhegii| bAra kara denA cAhatA thA / jaba taka hiMsA kA yaha rivAja calatA rahegA ___ ye saMgharSa the satya aura asatya ke bIca, hiMsA : ahiMsA kI tathAkathita sAdhanA bekAra jAyagI / aura ahiMsA ke bIca / ina saboM meM jIta satya jitanA hamane dekhA aura samajhA hai utane hI ko ahiMsA aura manobala kI ho huI / hathiyAra hama satya sasajhate rahe aura bhAgraha para jame rahe, uThAte hue bhI vIra viyatanAmiyoM ke pAsa satya bAta bAta meM bhauheM tAnate rahe, aAMkheM lAla karate evaM manobala kI Atmika zakti thI kyoMki unakI rahe tathA svArtha kI baisAkhiyoM ke sahAre hI calate bhAvanA apanI mAtRbhUmi aura apanI prAjAdI kI rahe to hiMsA kA brIDiMga-grAuMDa yathAvata banI rakSA karane kI thI / amerikA janatA se unheM koI rhegii|| yahI divya upadeza saMsAra ke prANiyoM dveSa nahIM thA / isa satya kA camatkAra thA ki svayaM ko Aja se DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva bha. mahAvIra

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-110 ne diyA thaa| usI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirmANa ne heya mAnakara tyAga diyA thA yadi usI ke basa para ba hama 1974kI 13 navambara se manA rahe haiN| yaMtra taMtra kucha karake kucha racakara athavA khar3Akara isa baha varSa samApta ho rahA hai| aba hama apane andara santoSa kara lete haiM to vaha mana ko bahalAne vAlA mAtra jhAMka kara isa bAta kA jAyajA to leM ki isa hI hogaa| usase na hamArA khuda kA kalyANa hogA daurAna hamane kahAM taka ina upadezoM ko apane mora na anya kisI kaa| yadi hamane apane dainika jIvana meM utArA hai aura kahAM taka satya, ahiMsA, jIvana meM use thor3A sA bhI utArA hai to yaha mahastitva aura sahiSNutA samabhAva kI gaMgA nirvAsa zatI nizcaya hI. sArthaka kahI jaaygii| badA pAye haiN| jisa sAMsArika sampadA ko mahAvIra 00 kartavya-vIra -zrI vIrabahamada "gApUsa" jo apane kartavya-dhairya meM niSThA rakhatA saca pUcho to zUravIra-balavAna vahI hai ! sakSama hokara bhI jo apane kartavyo se udAsIna hai vaha kAhe kA vIra-balI hai ? | . usakI prAtma zakti kSIraNa hai !

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jJAnamaye prAcArya amRtacandra ne likhA hai :-pAtma jJAvaM svayaM jJAnaM, jJAnAdanyat karoti kim ?" prArambha sAkSAt zAna hai prI' jhAma hI sAkSa t prAtmA hai / bhAtma-jJAna ke pratirikta kucha bhI nhiiN| prAtmA anaMtaguNoM kA piNDa hai jJAna una pranata guNo meM eka pradhAna guNa hai aura prAtmA ke sivAya anyantra nahIM pAyA jAtA, isalie mAtmA ke jJAna guNa meM hI mAtmA keanya samastagaNoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai / yathA :zANaM appatti mada vaTudi NANaM viNANa appaNi / tahanA gANaM prappA appA gANaM va aNNaM vA / bhAratIya darzana meM cArvAka darzana ko chor3akara, zeSa samasta darzana mAtma-sattA svakAra karate haiN| parantu jJAna prAtmA kA guNa hai yA prAgantuka guNa hai ? nyAya aura vaizeSika darzana mAtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa na mAnakara bhAgantuka guNa mAnate hai / saMsAra avasthA meM jJAnaguNa prAtmA meM rahatA hai, parantu mukta avasthA meM jJAna naSTa ho jAtA hai| sAtha hI ukta donoM darzanoM kI mAnyatA saMsArI pAtmA kA jJAna pranitya hai, para Izvara kA jJAna nitya hai / isake viparIta sAMkhya aura vedAnta darzana jJAna ko mAtmA kA nija guNa svIkAra karate haiN| vedAnta darzana jJAna ko hI bhAtmA mAnatA hai| .. janadarzana eka mAdhyAtmika darzana hai| isa darzana meM mAtma-sasA ke viSaya meM gaMbhIra rUpa se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| prAcArya kundakunda ne samayasAra, niyamasAra, pravadhanasAra, paJcAstikAya, aura aSTa-pAhu / mAgama yuga se lekara prAja saka bhI 'mAtmA kA viSaya banA huA hai| isa viSaya ko lekara nakkI kasauTI para kasA gayA, taba kahA gayA ki "zrI udayacandra pramAkara' zAstrI. jarIvAga, nasiyA, indaura, ma.pra.

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1-130 bhAramA jJAnavAna hai, mAramA zAna-svarUpa hai, mAtmA yogyatA jitanI adhika hogI utane hI padArthoM ko nAyaka svabhAva rUpa hai ityaadi| para jJAnavAn mAna sakatA hai| kevalajJAnI meM hI eka mAtra sana mAtmA ko zuddha nizcayanaya kI kasauTI para dekhA- kucha jAnane kI yogyatA hotI hai, kyoMki unhoMne parakhA nahIM jA sakatA, kyoMki prAtma jJAnavAn hai apanI AtmA ko nirmala svaccha banA liyA hai rAgaaisA kathana karane para prAtmA se pRthak jJAnavAn kI dveSa-moha aura karmoM kA prabhAva karake / "jJAna pratIti hotI hai, parantu jJAna-svarUpa hai, jJAna hI citrapaTa ke samAna hai, usameM tInoM kAla saMbaMdhI mAtmA ha, taba zuddha nizcayanaya kI pratIti ho uThatI vastumoM ke citra yugapat pratibhAsita rahate haiM, usI hai- 'je mAyA se vinANe je vinnANe se maayaa|" prakAra jJAna meM bhii|" pratIndriya mUrtika aura pramUpati : jo prAtmA hai vahI vijJAna hai / abhiprAya tika, kSetrAntarita bhora kAlAntara samasta padArthoM yaha hai ki prAtma-svarUpa svayaM jJAna svarUpa hai / jJAna ko evaM sva aura para jJeya ko jAnatA hai vaha pratyakSa ke binA usakI koI sthiti nhiiN| jJAna hotA hai / "vizadaM pratyakSam" / jJAna guNa se __ jainadarzana meM sapta tatva kI vizeSa mahatvatA yukta mAtmA darzana rUpa hai, pratIndriya hai, sabase mahAnasvIkAra kI gaI hai, usameM bhI jIva tatva kii| jJAtA, zreSTha hai, nitya hai, macala hai, para padArtho ke pravaladraSTA rahanA jIvAtmA kA svabhAva haiM, rAgI-dveSI mbana se rahita hai aura zuddha hai|| honA vibhAva hai tathA nara nArakAdi avasthAeM eka hI padArtha meM anaMta dharma haiM, eka-eka dharma dhAraNa karanA AtmA kI paryAyeM haiN| jo jIva, meM anaMta-anaMta paryAya haiM / yadyapi una anaMta guNoM padArthoM kA jJAtA draSTA hai vaha svasamaya hai, kiMtu ko dekhane kI zakti aAja hamameM na ho, para jJAnakA isake viparIta rAga-dveSa kI bhAvanA se vaha saMsAra AvaraNa haTate hI vaha anaMta zakti (jJAna-guNa) meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai, parasamaya meM apane hamAre sAmane pratyakSa rUpa se jhalakane lagate hai, mastitva ko na pahacAnane ke kaarnn| "maiM zarIra jisase anaMta dharma aura anaMta paryAyoM kI abhivyakti nahIM haiM, mana nahIM hai, vANI nahIM hU~ tathA ina sabake ho uThatI hai / "jo eka ko jAnatA hai, vaha sabako kAraNa hai maiM unakA na kartA hUM aura na anumaMtA jAnatA hai aura jo sabako jAnatA hai, vaha eka ko hI hUM," kyoMki ye saba pudgala dravya ke pariNamana hai jAnatA hai / yathA :unakA kartA maiM kaise ho sakatA huuN| "je ega jANai se savvaM jANai / jJAnakA kArya haiM jo padArtha jahAM hai una padArthoM je samvaM jANai se egaM jANai // " ko usI rUpa meM jAnanA evaM prakAzita krnaa| (prAcArAMga sUtra) zAna svaya prakAzamAna hai, dIpaka kI taraha / jisa kisI bhI eka padArtha ke manaMta dharmo aura usakI taraha dIpaka apane prakAza dvArA para padArthoM ko anaMta paryAyoM ko jAnane kA artha hotA hai ki prakAzita paura svayaM bhI prakAzavAna rahatA hai| usI usane sampUrNa padArtha ko pUrNa rUpa se jAna liyA hai| prakAra jJAna bhii| jJAna guNa kA kArya hai jJeya ko pUrNa rUpa se jAnane kA sAmarthya kisameM ? kevalajJAnI jAnanA / saMsAra meM jitane padArtha haiM ve saba jJAna ke meM, kyoMki usameM jJAna-guNa kA pUrNa vikAsa ho jJeya haiM aura zAna unakA jJAtA hai / jJAna anaMta hai, gayA ? kisa kAraNa se ?" doSAvaraNa kA sarvathA kyoMki zeya anaMta hai, parantu jaba taka usa para kSaya ho jAne se / jisa prakAra suvarNa Adi meM bhAvaraNa par3A humA rahatA hai, taba taka anaMta jJaya nihita kiTTakAlabhAdi bAha ya aura antara kA doSoM ko jAnane meM asamartha rahatA hai / prAvaraNa haTane para kA pUrNatayA kSaya ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra kisI vaha prasIma aura manaMta bana jAtA hai / jJAna kI vizeSa prAtmA meM bhajJAnAdi doSa tathA usake kAraNa

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karma kA pUrNatayA vinAza hotA hai|" vahI jJAnamaraNa kA dhanI kevalajJAnI hai| kyoMki "karmaNo vikalyamAtmaka valyastyeva" arthAt karma kI vikalatA hI gharamA kA kaivalya hai / jJAnI jIva bahuta prakAra ke karmoM ko na to karatA hai para na bhogatA hai, parantu karma ke baMdha ko aura puNya pAparUpI karma ke phala ko jAnatA hai| jaisA ki samayasAra meM likhA hai :vi kuors gavi veyaMi gANI kambhAI vahupavArAI / jAgai puraNa kammaphalaM baMdha puNe ca pAvaM ca / / 319 / / jisa prakAra netra padArthoM ko dekhatA mAtra hai unakA kartA aura bhogatA nahIM hai, usI prakAra jJAna, baMdha aura mokSa ko tathA karmodaya dhaura nirjarA ko jAnatA mAtra hai unakA kartA aura bhoktA nahIM hai / mAtmA ko kartA mAnate haiM ve muni hone para bhI laukika jana ke samAna haiM, kyoMki laukika jana Izvara ko kartA mAnate haiM mora munijana prAramA ko kartA mAnate haiM / ye donoM hI kAraNa vAstavika tatva kI pratIti karAne meM samartha nahIM / / " manuSya svayaM apane Apa meM divya haiN| manuSya ke hRdaya se UMcA anya koI devatA nahIM hai : "4 dArzanika evaM vicAraka zinto kA yaha kathana sarvathA ucita hI hai kyoMki manuSya apane jJAna guNa kI mahattA na jAnane evaM pahacAnane ke kAraNa hI vaha patana kI ora agrasara ho jAtA hai| vAstava meM usakA patana bAhara se nahIM, svayaM usake andara se hI hotA hai| lokA kahate haiM ki rAma ne rAvaNa ko mArA aura kRSNa ne kaMza ko, parantu yaha kathana ThIka nahIM / 1. 2. 3. 4. 1-121 rAvaNa apanI durbalatAoM ke kAraNa hI mArA gayA, aura kaMza bhI durbalatAoM se naSTa kara diyA gyaa| manuSya ko socanA cAhie ki maiM isa saMsAra meM mahAn hU, dhana-vaibhava Adi ke ka raraNa nahIM; zrapitu / jJAna-guraNa ke vaibhava ke kAraNa merI mahAnatA kA kAraNa hai, merI AtmA hai| kyoMki kAlA hI paramAtmaguNoM ko prApta karane meM samartha hai| prayAsau paramadhyA; jaba yaha bAta matakaraNa ko sparza kara jAyagI to vaha apane zrApako divya prakAza se prakAzita kara legA / sAdhaka vahI hai jo apane ko hI khojane kA prayatna karatA hai| cIna ke mahAna vicAraka santa kanphyusiyasa ne likhA hai "What the undeveloped man seeps is others what the advanced man seeks is himself arthAt prajJAnI loga dUsaroM ko jAnane kA prayatna karate haiN| jJAnI vahI hai, jo apane Apako jAnane kA prayatna karatA hai / "mAssaM khu sadulla" mAnava jIvana durlabha hai / "bar3e bhAga mAnusa tana pAvA / " mAnava jIvana prApta kara yadi sadupayoga nahIM kiyA to jIte hue bhI mRtavat hai / zrataH kitanA bhI ho sake apanI jJAnaguNa kI abhivyakti kara prakAza kI kiraNa ko jaga ke sAmane prakaTa kareM, yahI isa grAtma prakAza kA kartavya hai| yaha mAtma prakAza jJAna se bhinna nahIM jJAna se bhinna anya kucha bhI nahIM hai, jJAna guNa meM hI anya guNoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se kahA jA sakatA dRSTi se kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'jJAnamaye hi AtmA jo sarvoparI evaM sarvotkRSTa tathA jainadarzana kA sarvocca kathana hai | pravacanasAra-gA. 26 pravacanasAra-gA. 68 zeyadhikAra AptamImAMsA pari- 1-2- zloka :-4 doSA''varayoniniHzeSA'svatizAyanAt / vadyayA svahetubhyo vahirantamaM lakSayaH / / "There exists no highest deity outside the human mind. Man himself is Divine."

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tU svatantra saMgIta hai -zrI prasanna kumAra saiMDI zakti puJja tU. cidAnanda tU. kyoM vyAkula bhayabhIta hai| jar3a kI kyA sAmarthya bAMdhale, tU svatantra saMgIta hai / arja kara rahA kaba se, kucha to rahama karo girdhaariijii| eka putra de do basa kevala, para paDU banavArIjI / apanI zakti pratiSThA rakhoI, acche bane bhikhaariijii| agara mAMganA ho, apane se mAMgo to srdaariijii| sukha prAnanda zAnti tere apane, kyoM para se prIta haiN| jar3a kI kyA sAmathya bAMdhale, tU svatantra saMgIta hai|" (2) 'prema' Aga ko zItala karatA, 'krodha' jalAtA pAnI ko| 'cintA' jIvana kI barabAdI, jahara kare gur3eMdhAnI ko| lAlaca kA phala bhI pratyakSa hai, kabja ho gayA mAnI koN| utarA putra mile se jvara jo car3hA viyogina rAnI ko| hInabhAva kamajora banAte, kyoM yaha mukhatA pIta haiN| jar3a kI kyA sAmarthya bAMdhale, tUM svatantra saMgIta hai / / muha se 'ahaM brahmAsmi' kaha rahe, kintu gulAmI chAI hai| dAsa-bhAva yadi nahIM hRdaya se nikalA vyartha par3hAI hai| jo vicAra meM bUr3hA, usameM kahane kI taruNAI hai| jo socoge so pAvoge, cintana kI mahimAI hai| ha~samukha ko Apatti kaSTa kyA, use hAra bhI jIta hai| jar3a kI kyA sAmarthya bAMdhale, tU svatantra saMgIta hai| (4) jJAna-ratna ko chor3a bhara rahA dhana-kaMkara se koSa kyoN| sone se lekara miTTI kA kAma, anya ko doSa kyoN| tU cetana amUrta avinAzI, jar3a nazvara para roSa kyoN| tRSNA meM sukha zAMti kahAM hai, chor3a rahA setoSa kyoM / samabhAvI harakAla sukhI hai, kyA garmI kyA zIta hai| jar3a kI kyA sAmarthya bAMdhale, tU svatantra sagIta hai|

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kA kendrIya siddhAnta mahilA; eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 10 sAgaramala jaina zaMna vibhAga, hamIdiyA kAleja, ghopAla jaina darzana meM hiMsA kA sthAna hA jaina darzana kA prANa hai| jaina darzana meM hiMsA vaha dhurI hai jisa para samagra jaina pracAra vidhi ghUmatI hai / jainAgamoM meM hiMsA bhagavatI hai| usakI viziSTatA kA varNana karate hue sUtrakAra kahate haibhayabhItoM ko jaise zaraNa, pakSiyoM ko jaise gagana, tRSito ko jaise jala, bhUloM se olana, samudra ke madhya jaise jahAja, khegiyoM ko jaise zrIra vana meM jaise sArthavAha kA sAtha, prAdhArabhUta hai base hI mahisA praNiyoM ke lie sArabhUta hai / asA cara evaM acara sabhI prANiyoM kA kalyANa karane vAlI hai| bahI sAtha eka aisA zAzvata dharma hai, jisakA jainatIrthaMkara u deza karate haiN| nAca rAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai bhUta, bhaviSya ra vartamAna ke sabhI prat yahI upadeza karate haiM ki sabhI prAraNa, sabhIbhUta, sabhI jIva aura sabhI satya ko kisI prakAra kA paritApa, udvega yA duHkha nahIM denA cAhie aura na kisI kA hanana karanA cAhie / mahI zuddha, nitya aura zAzvata dharma hai, jisakA samasta loka ke kheda ko jAnakara mahaMtoM ke dvArA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke anusAra jJAnI hone kA sAra yaha hai ki hiMsA na kare, ahiMsA hI samagra dharma kA sAra hai ise sadaiva smaraNa rakhanA cAhie / dazavekAlika sUtra meM kahA gayA hai, ki sabhI prANiyoM ke prati saMyama meM hiMsA ke sarvazreSTha hone ke kAraNa mahAvIra ne isako 'prathama sthAna para kahA hai / bhaktaparikSA nAmaka grantha meM kahA gaya hai ki ahiMsA ke samAna dUsarA dharma nahIM hai / zrAcArya pramRtacandra sUri ke anusAra to jaina AcAra vidhi kA sampUrNa kSetra mahilA se vyApta hai,

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1-124 usake bAhara usameM kucha hai hI nhiiN| sabhI naitika kauna se tIna ? 'svayaM prANI-hiMsA se virakta niyama aura maryAdAeM isake antargata haiM ; prAcAra rahatA hai, dUsare ko prANI-hiMsA kI ora nahIM ke niyamoM ke dusare rUpa jaise asatyabhASaNa nahIM ghasITatA aura prANI-hiMsA kA samarthana nahIM karanA, corI nahIM karanA Adi to jana sAdhAraNa karatA11 / ko sulabha rUpa se samajhAne ke lie bhinna-bhinna mahAyAna sampradAya meM karuNA aura maitrI kI nAmoM se kahe jAte haiM vastutaH ve sabhI ahiMsA ke hI bhAvanA kA jo carama utkarSa dekhA jAtA hai, usakI vibhinna pakSa haiM ; jaina AcAra darzana meM ahiMsA pRSThabhUmi yahI ahiMsA kA siddhAnta rahA huA hai| yaha prAdhAra vAkya hai jisase vAcAra ke sabhI niyama hindU darzana aura gItA meM ahiMsA kA nigamita hote haiN| bhagavatI pArAdhanA meM kahA gayA sthAna-gItA meM ahiMsA kA mahatva svIkRta hai ahiMsA saba prAzramo kA hRdaya hai, saba zAstroM karate hue, use bhagavAna kA hI bhAva kahA gayA kA garbha (utpatti sthAna) hai / hai, usako devI sampadA evaM sAtvika tapa batAyA . bauddha prAcAra darzana meM ahiMsA kA sthAna- hai12 / mahAbhArata meM to jaina vicAraNA ke samAna bauddha darzana ke dasa zIloM meM ahiMsA sthAna prathama hI ahiMsA meM sabhI dharmoM ko antarbhUta mAna liyA hai| catuHzataka meM kahA gayA hai| tathAgata ne saMkSepa gayA hai13 | mAtra yahI nahIM usameM bhI dharma ke meM kevala 'ahiMsA' ina akSaroM meM dharma kA varNana upadeza kA uddezya prANiyoM ko hiMsA se virat kiyA hai / dhammapada meM buddha ne hiMsA ko anArya karanA mAnA gayA hai| ahiMsA hI dharma kA sAra karma kahA hai| ve kahate hai jo prANiyoM kI hisA hai ise spaSTa karate hue mahAbhArata ke lekhaka kA karatA hai vaha Arya nahIM hotA, sabhI prANiyoM ke kathana hai--"prANiyoM kI hiMsA na ho isalie prati ahiMsA kA pAlana karane vAlA hI Arya kahA dharma kA upadeza diyA gayA hai ataH jo ahiMsA se jAtA hai| yukta hai. vahI dharma hai"14 / / buddha hiMsA evaM yuddha ke nIti zAstra ke tIvra lekina yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki gItA meM to virodhI haiM, dhammapada meM kahA gayA hai ki vijaya se bAra bAra arjuna ko yuddha lar3ane kA nirdeza diyA vaira utpanna hotA hai, parAjita duHkhI hotA hai jo gayA hai, usakA yuddha se vimukha honA nindanIya eva jaya para jaya ko chor3a cukA hai use hI sukha hai use kAyaratApUrNa mAnA gayA hai| phira gItA ko ahiMsA hI zAMti 8101 kI vicAraNA kI samarthaka kaise mAnA jAe? agutara nikAya meM buddha isa bAta ko adhika isa sambandha meM maiM apanI aura se kucha kahU~; isake spaSTa kara dete hai ki hiMsaka vyakti isI jagata meM pahale hameM gItA ke vyAkhyAkAroM kI dRSTi se hI nArakIya jIvana kA sRjana kara letA hai jabaki isakA samAdhAna pA lene kA prayAsa karanA cAhiye / ahiMsaka vyakti isI jagata meM svargIya jIvana kA gItA ke prAdya TIkAkAra prAcArya zaMkara 'yuddhasva' sRjana kara letA hai / ve kahate haiM- 'bhikSuoM, tIna (yuddhakara) zabda kI TIkA meM likhate haiM ki yahAM dhamoM se yukta prANo aisA hotA hai jaisa lAkara naraka yuddha kI kartavyatA kA vidhAna nahIM hai15 : mAtra meM DAla diyA gayA ho| kauna se tIna ? svayaM yahI nahIM prAcArya gItA ke prAtmaupamyena sarvatra' prAgIDiyA karatA hai, dUsare ko prANI hiMsA kI ke madhAra para gItA meM ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kI yora ghasITatA hai aura prANI hiMsA kA samarthana puSTi karate haiM' jaise mujhe sukha priya hai, vaise hI karatA hai / 'bhikSuSoM, tIna dharmoM se yukta prANI aisA sabhI prANiyoM ko sukha anukUla hai aura jaise duHkha hotA hai jaise lAkara svarga meM DAla diyA gayA ho| mujhe apriya evaM pratikUla haiM jaise saba : prANiyoM ko.

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1-124 'mI duHkha apriya pratikUla hai| isa prakAra jo saba adveSa buddhi pUrvaka vivazatA meM karanA par3e aisI prANiyoM meM apane samAna hI sukha aura duHkha ko hiMsA kA jo samarthana gItA meM dikhAI par3atA hai "tulyabhAva se anukUla aura pratikUla dekhatA hai, kisI usase yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA gItA hiMsA kI ke bhI pratikala pAcaraNa nahIM karatA vaha mahiMsaka samarthaka hai| apavAda ke rUpa meM hiMsA kA samarthana hai| aisA ahiMsaka puruSa pUrNa jJAna meM sthita hai vaha niyama nahIM bana jaataa| aisA samarthana to hameM "saba yogiyoM meM parama utkRSTa mAnA jAtA hai16"| jainAgamoM meM bhI upalabdha ho jAtA hai| - mahAtmA gAMdhI bhI gItA ko ahiMsA kI prati- ahiMsA kA prAdhAra-ahiMsA kI bhAvanA pAdaka mAnate haiM unakA kathana hai "gItoM kI mukhya ke mUlAdhAra ke sambandha meM vicArakoM meM kucha bhrAntazikSA hiMsA nahIM, ahiMsA hai-hiMsA binA krodha, dhAraNAoM ko prazraya milA hai ata: usa para pAsakti evaM ghRNA ke nahIM hotI aura gItA hameM / samyakrupeNa vicAra kara lenA prAvazyaka hai| satva, rajasa aura tamasa guNoM ke rUpa meM ghRNA, maikenjI ne apane 'hindU ethiksa' meM isa bhrAnta krodha Adi kI avasthAnoM se Upara uThane ko kahatI vicAraNA ko prastuta kiyA hai ki pahiMsA hai (phira hiMsA kaise ho sakatI hai)17.1 DA. rAdhA ke pratyaya kA nirmANa bhaya ke AdhAra para huA hai| kRSNana bhI gItoM ko ahiMsA kI pratipAdaka mAnate ve likhate haiM' asabhya manuSya jIva ke vibhinna rUpoM hai, ve likhate haiM "kRSNa arjuna ko yuddha lar3ane kA ko bhaya ko dRSTi se dekhate haiM aura bhaya kI yaha parAmarza detA hai, to isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki dhAraNA hI ahiMsA kA mUla hai| lekina maiM vaha yuddha kI vaidhatA kA samarthana kara rahA hai| yuddha samajhatA hU~ koI bhI prabuddha vicAraka maiMkenjI kI to eka aisA avasara prA par3A hai, jisakA upayoga isa dhAraNA se sahamata nahIM hogaa| jainAgamoM ke gurU usa bhAvanA kI aura saMketa karane ke lie AdhAra para bhI isa dhAraNA kA nirAkaraNa kiyA karatA hai, jisa bhAvanA ke sAtha saba kArya, jinameM jA sakatA hai| ahiMsA kA mUlAdhAra jIvana ke prati yuddha bhI sammilita hai, kiye jAne caahiye| yaha sammAna evaM samatvabhAvanA hai / samatvabhAva se sahAhiMsA ahiMsA kA prazna nahIM hai, apitu apane nubhUti, samAnubhUti evaM prAtmIyatA utpanna hotI hai una mitroM ke viruddha hiMsA ke prayoga kA prazna hai, aura inhIM se ahiMsA kA vikAsa hotA hai| pahiMsA jo aba zatru bana gaye haiN| yuddha meM prati usakI jIvana ke prati bhaya se nahIM jIvana ke prati sammAna hicaka prAdhyAtmika vikAsa yA satva guNa kI se vikasita hotI hai / dazavakAlika sUtra meM kahA pradhAnatA kA pariNAma nahIM hai, apitu majJAna aura gayA hai-sabhI prANI jIvita rahanA cAhate haiM, vAsanA ko upaja hai / arjuna isa bAta ko svIkAra koI maranA nahIM cAhatA ata: nirgrantha prANavadha karatA hai ki vaha durbalatA aura prajJAna ke vazIbhUta (hiMsA) kA niSedha karate haiM20 / vastutaH prANiyoM ho gayA hai / gItA hamAre sammukha jo prAdarza upa- ke jIvita rahane kA naitika adhikAra hI ahiMsA sthita karatI hai, vaha hiMsA kA nahIM apitu ahiMsA ke kartavya kI sthApanA karatA hai| jIvana ke kA hai| kRSNa arjuna ko mAveza yA durbhAvanA ke adhikAra kA sammAna hI ahiMsA hai / uttarAdhyayana binA, rAga aura dveSa ke binA yuddha karane ko kahatA sUtra meM samatva ke AdhAra para ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kI hai aura yadi hama apane mana ko aisI sthiti meM le sthApanA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki 'bhaya mora gaira jA sakeM, to hiMsA asambhava ho jAtI hai181 se mukta sAdhaka, jIvana ke prati prema rakhane vAle isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki gItA bhI ahiMsA sabhI prANiyoM ko sarvatra apanI prAtmA ke samAna kI samarthaka hai| mAtra anyAya ke pratikAra ke lie jAnakara, unakI kabhI bhI hiMsA na kare1 / yaha

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mainjI kI bhaya para adhiSThita hiMsA kI dhAraNA isa saMvedanazIlatA kA sacce rUpa meM ucya ho jAtA kA sacoTa uttara hai| jaina Agama mAcarAMga hai, to hiMsA kA vicAra asambhava ho jAtA hai| sUtra meM to prAtmIyatA kI bhAvanA ke mAdhAra para hI jainAgamoM meM ahiMsA ko vyApakatA ahiMsA siddhAnta kI prastAvanA kI gaI hai| jo jaina vicAraNA meM hiMsA kA kSetra kitamA vyApaka mokaprinya jIva samUha) kA apalApa karatA hai vaha hai, isakA bodha hameM prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra se hI svayaM apanI prAtmA kA bhI apalApa krtaa| sakatA hai, jisameM ahiMsA ke nimna sATha paryAyaisI andha meM mAge pUrNa-mAtmIyatA kI bhAvanA ko vAcI nAma diye gaye haiM27-1. niriNa, 2. nirvRtti paripuSTa karate hue bhagavAna mahAvIra kahate hai- 3. samAdhi 4. zAnti 5. kIrti sa. kAntI 7. prema jise tU mAranA cAhatA vaha sU hI hai, 8. vairAgya 9. zrutAMga 10. tRpti 11. dayA jise tU zAsima karanA cAhatA hai yaha tU hI 12. vimukti 13. kSAnti 14. samyak pArAdhanA hai aura jise tU paritApa denA cAhatA hai vaha bhI 15. mahatI 16. bodhi 17. buddhi 18 vRti tU hI hai / bhakta parijJA meM isI kathana kI puSTi 19. samRddhi 20, Rddhi 21. vRddhi 22, sthiti hotI hai usameM likhA hai-kisI bhI anya prANI (dhAraka) 23. puSTi (poSaka) 24. nanda (mAnanda) kI hatyA vastutaH apanI hI hatyA hai aura anya / 25. bhadrA 28. vizuddhi 27. sabdhi 28. vizeSa jIvoM ko dayA apanI hI dayA hai| dRSTi 29. kalyANa 30. maMgala 34. pramoda 32. vibhUti 33. rakSA 34. siddhAvAsa 35. manA. bhagAna buddha ne bhI ahiMsA ke prAdhAra ke rUpa svava 36. kaivalyasthAna 37. ziva 38. samiti meM isI 'mAtmavata sarva bhUteSu' kI bhAvanA ko grahaNa 39. zIla 48.saMyama 41. zIla parigraha 42. saMvara kiyA thA mUtra nipAta meM ve kahate haiM ki jaisA maiM 43. gRpti 44. vyavasAya 45. utsava 46. yajJa haM vaise hI ye maba prANI haiM, aura jaise ye saba prANI 47. pAyatana 48. yatana 49. aprasAda haiM vasA hI meM hU-isa prakAra apana samAna saba 50. prAzvAsana 51. vizvAsa 62. abhaya prANiyoM ko samajhakara na svayaM kisI kA vadha kare 53. sarva anAghAta (kisI ko na mAranA) maura na dUsaroM se karAye / 54. cokSa (svaccha) 55. pavitra 56. zuci gItA meM bhI hiMsA kI bhAvanA ke prAdhAra ke| 57. pUtA 58. vimalA 59. prabhAta aura rUpa meM pratmavala sarvabhUteSu' kI udAtta dhAraNA hI 60. nimltr| hai| yadi hama gItA ko pradatavAda kI samarthaka mAne isa prakAra jaina prAcAra darzana meM ahiMsA zandra to mahiMsA ke AdhAra kI dRSTi se jaina darzana aura eka vyApaka dRSTi ko lekara upasthiti hotA hai, advaitavAda meM yaha antara ho sakatA hai ki jahAM usake anusAra sabhI sadguNa ahiMsA ke hI vibhinna jaina paramparA meM sabhI prAtmAnoM kI tAtvika rUpa hai mora ahiMsA hI eka mAtra udguNa hai| samAnatA ke mAdhAra para prahiMsA kI pratiSThA kI ahiMsA kyA hai? --hiMsA kA pratipakSa gaI hai vahAM advaitavAda vicAraNA meM tAtvika abheda ahiMsA hai28 yaha mahiMsA kI niSedhAtmaka paribhASA ke AdhAra para ahiMsA kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| hai| lekina nAtra hiMsA kA chor3anA ahiMsA nahIM koI bhI siddhAnta ho, ahiMsA ke udubhAva kI dRSTi hai| niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA jIvana ke samapra pakSoM kA se mahatva kI bAta yahI hai ki anya jIvoM ke sAtha sparza nahIM karatI / vaha eka AdhyAtmika upalabdhi samAnatA yA abheda kA vAstavika saMvedana hI mahiMsA nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai| niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA kI bhAvanA kA mUla udgama hai26 | jaba vyakti meM mAtra bAhma banakara raha jAtI hai, jabaki prAdhyA

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1-122 likatA to bhAntarika hotI hai| hiMsA nahIM karanA ina prArae zaktiyoM kA viyojIkaraza kohI yaha mahimA kA zarIra ho sakatA hai ahiMsA kI dravya dRSTi se hiMsA kahA jAtA hai| yaha hisA prAramA nhiiN| kisI ko nahIM mAranA yaha ahiMsA kI dravya dRSTi se kI gaI paribhASA hai| joki ke sambandha meM mAtra sthUla dRSTi hai / lekina yaha hiMsA ke bAhya pakSa para bala detI hai| mAnanA bhrAntipUrNa hogA ki jaina vicAraNA ahiMsA bhAva hiMsA hiMsaka vicAra hai, jabaki dravya kI isa sthUla evaM bahirmukhI dRSTi taka sImita hiMsA hiMsaka karma hai| bhAva hiMsA mAnasika avasthA rhii| jaina prAcAra darzana kA kendrIya tatva ahiMsA hai| prAcArya amRtacandra ne bhAvAnAtmaka pakSa para zAbdika rUpa meM yadyapi nakarAtmaka hai, lekina usako bala dete hue hiMsA mahisA kI paribhASA kii| anubhUti nakArAtmaka nahIM hai| usakI anubhUti unakA kathana hai ki rAmadi kaSAyoM kA prabhAva sadaiva hI vidhAyaka rahI hai| sarva ke prati prAtmabhAva ahiMsA hai aura unakA utpanna honA hiMsA hai|' karuNA aura maitrI kI vidhAyaka anubhUtiyoM se hI hiMsA kI eka pUrNa paribhASA tatvArtha sUtra meM mahiMsA kI dhArA pravAhita huI hai| hiMsA nahIM milatI hai| tatvArtha sUtra ke anusAra rAga, dveSa, karanA yahI mAtra ahiMsA nahIM hai / ahiMsA kriyA aviveka bhAvi pramAdoM se yukta hokara kiyA jAne nahIM sattA hai, vaha hamArI prAsmA kI eka avasthA vAlA prANa vadha hiNsaa| hai| bhAsmA kI pramatta avasthA hI hiMsA hai aura hiMsA ke prakAra-jaina vicArakoM ne vravya prazmatta avasthA hI ahiMsA hai| prAcArya bhadrabAhu aura bhAva ina do prAdhAroM para hiMsA ke cAra mopaniyukti meM likhate haiM--pAramArthika dRSTikoNa vibhAga kiye hai-1. mAtra zArIrika hiMsA se mAramA hI hiMsA hai aura prAtmA hI ahiMsA hai; 2. mAtra vaicArika hiMsA 3. zArIrika evaM pramatta mAtmA hiMsaka hai aura abhramatta mAtmA hI naicArika hiMsA aura 4. zAbdika hinaa| mAtra prahisaka hai291 zArIrika hiMsA-yaha aisI dravya hiMsA hai, jisameM dravya evaM nAva hiMsA-ahiMsA ko samyaka hiMsaka kriyA to sampanna huI ho lekina hiMsA ke rUpa se samajhane ke lie pahale yaha jAna lenA vicAra kA prabhAva ho| udAharaNAtha sAvadhAno mAvazyaka hai ki jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra hiMsA pUrNaka calate hue bhI dRSTi doSa yA sUkSma jantu kyA hai ? jaina vicAraNA hiMsA ke do pakSoM para ke nahIM dikhAI dene para hiMsA ho jaanaa| mAtra vicAra karatI hai, eka hiMsA kA bAhya pakSa hai, jise vaicArika hiMsA-yaha bhAva hiMsA hai isameM hiMsA jaina paribhASika zabdAvalI meM dravya hiMsA kahA gayA kI kriyA to anupasthita hotI hai lekina hiMsA hai / dravya hiMsA ke sambandha meM eka sthUla evaM bAhya kA saMkalpa upasthita hotA hai| arthAt kartA hitA dRSTikoNa hai / yaha eka kriyA hai jise prANAti- ke saMkalpa se yukta hotA hai lekina bAhya paristhiti pAta, prANavadha, prANahanana Adi nAmoM se jAnA vaza use kriyAnvita karane meM saphala nahIM ho pAtA jAtA hai| jaina vicAraNA prAtmA ko apekSAkRta hai| jaise kaidI kA nyAyAdhIza kI hatyA karane kA rUpa se nitya mAnatI hai ataH hiMsA ke dvArA jisakA vicAra (paramparAgata dRSTi ke anusAra taMdulamancha hanana hotA hai vaha AtmA nahIM varan 'prANa' hai-. evaM kAlakosarika kasAI ke udAharaNa isake lie| prANa jaivika zakti hai| jaina vicAraNA meM prANa diye jAte hai)| vaicArika evaM zArIrika hisAdasa mAne gaye haiN| pAMca indriyoM kI pAMca zaktiyAM, jisameM hiMsA kA vicAra aura hiMsA kI kriyA. mana, vANI aura zarIra ina kA vividha bala tathA donoM hI upasthita ho jaise sakara pUrNaka kI naI zvasana kriyA evaM prAyuSya, yaha vasa prANa haiM aura htyaa| zAbdika hitA-jisameM na to hiMsA kara

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1-128 vicAra ho aura na IisA kI kriyA, mAtra hisaka zabdoM kA uccAraNa ho jaise sudhAra bhAvanA kI dRSTi se mAtA pitA kA bAlakoM para yA gurU kA ziSya para kRtrima rUpa se kupita honA / naitikatA yA badhana kI tIvratA kI dRSTi se hiMsA ke ina cAra rUpoM meM kramaza: zAbdika hiMsA kI apekSA saMkalpa rahita mAtra zArIrika hiMsA, saMkalpa rahita zArIrika hiMsA kI apekSA mAtra ThocArika hiMsA aura mAtra vaicArika hiMsA kI apekSA saMkalpa yukta zArIrika hiMsA adhika nikRSTa mAnI gaI hai / hiMsA kI vibhinna sthitiyAM - vastutaH hiMsA kI tIna avasthAe~ ho sakatI hai 1. hiMsA kI gaI ho 2. hiMsA karanA par3I ho aura 3. hiMsA ho gaI ho| pahalI sthiti meM yadi hiMsA cetana rUpa se kI gaI ho to vaha saMkalpa yukta hai aura yadi acetana rUpa se kI gaI ho to vaha pramAda yukta hai| hiMsaka kriyA cAhe saMkalpa se utpanna huI yA pramAda ke kAraNa huI ho to kartA doSI hai / dUsarI sthiti meM hiMsA cetana rUpa se kintu vivazatA baza karanI par3atI hai yaha bAdhyatA zArIrika ho sakatI hai athavA bAhya paristhiti janya yahAM bhI kartA doSI hai, karma kA baMdhana bhI hotA hai lekina pAzcAtApa yA glAni ke dvArA vaha usase zuddha ho jAtA hai| bAdhyatA kI avasthA meM kI gaI hiMsA ke lie kartA ko doSI mAnane kA AdhAra yaha hai ki samagra bAdhyatAeM svayaM ke dvArA Aropita hai / bAdhyatA ke lie kartA svayaM uttaradAyI hai / bAdhyatAmroM kI svIkRti kAyaratA evaM zarIra-moha kI pratIka hai / badhana meM honA aura baMdhana ko mAnanA donoM hI kartA kI vikRtiyAM hai aura jaba taka yaha yaha vikRtiyAM hai - kartA svayaM doSI hai hI / tIsarI sthiti meM hiMsA na to pramAda ke kAraNa hotI hai aura na vivazatA vaza hI, varan sampUrNa sAvadhAnI ke bAvajUda bhI ho jAtI hai| jaina vicAraNA ke anusa ra hiMsA kI yaha tIsarI sthiti kartA kI iSTi se nirdoSa mAnI jA sakatI hai / hiMsA ke vibhinna rUpa - hiMsaka karma kI uparokta tIna vibhinna avasthAoM meM yadi tIsarI hiMsA ho jAne kI avasthA ko chor3a diyA jAve to hamAre samakSa hiMsA ke do rUpa bacate haiM 1. hiMsA kI gaI ho aura 2. hiMsA karanI par3I ho / ve dazAeM jinameM hiMsA karanA par3atA hai do prakAra kI 1. rakSaNAtmaka bhaura 2. zrAjIvikAtmaka - jisameM bhI dobAteM sammilita hai jIvana jIne ke sAdhanoM kA arjana aura unakA upabhoga, jaina bhAcAra darzana meM isI AdhAra para hiMsA ke cAra karma mAne gaye haiM- - 1. saMkalpajA - saMkalpa yA vicAra pUrvaka hiMsA karanA / vaha zrAkramaNAtmaka hiMsA hai / 2. virodhajA - svayaM aura dUsare logoM ke jIvana evaM svatvoM (adhikAroM) ke ArakSaNa ke lie vivazatA vaza himA krnaa| yaha ArakSaNAramaka hiMsA hai / 3. udyogajA - prAjIvikA ke upArjana prathavA udyoga evaM vyavasAya ke nimitta hone vAlI hiMsA / yaha upArjanAtmaka hiMsA hai / 4. prArambhajA - jIvana nirvAha ke nimitta hone vAlI hiMsA - jaise bhojana ke pakAne / yaha nirvAhAtmaka hiMsA hai / hiMsA ke kAraNa - jaina AcAryoM ne hiMsA ke kAraNa mAne haiN| 1. rAga 2. dveSa 3, kaSAya 4. pramAda / hiMsA ke sAdhana - jahA~ taka hiMsA ke mUla sAdhanoM kA prazna hai ve tIna haiM--mana, vacana aura zarIra / vyakti sabhI prakAra kI hiMsA inhIM tIna sAdhanoM ke dvArA karate haiM / kyA pUrNa zrahiMsaka honA saMbhava hai ? - jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra na kevala pRthvI, pAnI, vAyu, agni evaM vanaspati hI jIvana yukta hai varan samagra loka hI sUkSma jIvoM se marA huA hai / kyA aisI sthiti meM koI vyakti pUrNa ahiMsaka ho sakatA hai ? mahAbhArata meM bhI jagata ko sUkSma

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1-129 jIvoM se vyApta mAnakara yahIM prazna uThAyA gayA isa prazna ke uttara meM mahAvIra kahate haiM ki yaha hai| jala meM bahutere jIva hai, pRthvI para tathA vRkSoM mAnanA ucita nahIM hai, usakI pratijJA bhaMga nahIM ke phaloM meM bhI aneka jIva (prANa) hote haiN| aisA huI hai .36 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki saMkalpa koI bhI manuSya nahIM hai jo inameM se kisI ko kI upasthiti athavA sAdhaka kI mAnasika sthiti kabhI nahIM mAratA ho, puna kitane hI aise sUkSma hI hiMsA ahiMsA ke vicAra meM pramukha tatva hai| prANI hai jo indriyoM se nahIM mAtra anumAna se hI paravartI jaina sAhitya meM bhI yaha dhAraNA puSTa hotI jAne jAte haiM / manuSya ke palakoM ke girane se mAtra rahI hai / prAcArya bhadrabAhu kA kathana hai ki 'sAva. hI jinake kaMdhe TUTa jAte haiM arthAt mara jAte haiN| dhAnI pUrvaka calane vAle sAdhaka ke paira ke nIce tApartya yaha hai ki jIvoM kI hiMsA se nahIM bacA jA bhI kabhI-kabhI kITa, pataMga prAdi kSudra prANI prA jA sakatA hai / 34 prAcIna yuga se hI jaina vicA. jAte hai aura dabakara mara bhI jAte haiM, lekina ukta rakoM kI dRSTi bhI isa prazna kI ora gaI hai aodha- hiMmA ke nimitta se use sUkSma karma bandha bhI nahIM niyukti meM prAcArya bhadrabAhu isa prazna ke sandarbha batAyA gayA hai, kyoMki vaha mantara meM sarvatobhAvena meM jaina dRSTikoNa ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM, usa hiMsA vyApAra se milipta hone ke kAraNa jinezvara bhagavAna kA kathana hai ki anekAneka jIva niSpApa hai| jo vivekavAna mapramatta sAdhaka hRdaya samUhoM se parivyApta vizva ke sAdhaka kA ahiMsakatva se niSpApa hai aura mAgamavidhi ke anusAra mAcaraNa antara meM prAdhyAtma vizuddhi kI dRSTi se hI hai, karatA hai, usake dvArA ho Ane vAlI hiMsA bhI bAhma hiMsA yA ahiMsA kI dRSTi se nahIM 135 karma nirjarA kA kAraNa hai lekina jo pramatta jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra bhI bAhaya hiMsA se vyakti hai usakI kisI bhI ceSTA se jo bhI prANI pUrNatayA baca pAnA sambhava nhiiN| jaba taka zarIra mara jAte haiM vaha nizcita rUpa se una sabakA hiMsaka tathA zArIrika kriyAyeM haiM taba taka koI bhI hotA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM varana jo prANI nahIM vyakti bAha ya dRSTi se pUrNa ahiMsaka nahIM raha mAre gaye haiM, pramatta unakA bhI hiMsaka hai kyoMki sktaa| vaha antara meM sarvatobhAvena pApAtmA hai / isa hiMsA, ahiMsA kA sambandha vyakti kA prakAra prAcArya kA niSkarSa yahI hai ki kevala antara mAnasa hai-hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA pratyaya dRzyamAna pApa rUpa hiMsA se hI koI hiMsaka nahIM ho bAha ya ghaTanAoM para utanA nirbhara nahIM hai jitanA jAtA 140 vaha sAdhaka kI prAntarika avasthA para prAdhArita hai / hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke viveka kA mAdhAra pramukha prAcArya kundakunda pravacanasAra meM likhate haiM ki rUpa se prAntarika hai / hiMsA vicAra meM saMkalpa kI bAhara meM prANI mare yA jIye prayatAcArI-pramatta ko pramukhatA jaina AgamoM meM svIkAra kI gaI hai| andara meM hiMsA mizcita hai| parantu jo ahiMsA bhagavatI sUtra meM eka saMvAda ke dvArA ise spaSTa kI sAdhanA ke lie prayatnazIla hai, saMpatAcArI hai kiyA gayA hai / gaNadhara gautama, mahAvIra se prazna usako bAhara se hone vAlI hiMsA se karma bandhana karate haiM -he bhagavAn ! kisI zramaNopAsaka ne nahIM hai| / " prAcArya pramRtacandra sUrI likhate ha prasa prANI ke vadha nahIM karane kI pratijJA lI ho ki rAgAdi kaSAyoM se mukta niyamapUrvaka pAcAraNa lekina pRthvIkAya kI hiMsA kI pratijJA nahIM grahaNa karate hue bhI yadi prANAyAta ho jAye to vaha hiMsA ko ho / yadi bhUmi khodate hue usase kisI prANI hiMsA nahIM hai42 | nizItha cUNi meM bhI kahA gayA kA vadha ho jAe to kyA usakI pratijJA bhaMga huI ? hai ki prANAtipAta (hiMsA) hone para bhI prapramatta

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1-130 sAdhaka ahiMsaka hai, aura prANAtipAta na hone para isa dRSTikoNa kA samarthana hameM gItA maura bhI pramatta vyakti hiMsaka hai43 / dhammapada meM bhI milatA hai| gItA kahatI hai-jo . isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki jaina prAcAryo mahakAra kI bhAvanA se mukta hai, jisakI buddhi kI dRSTi meM hiMsA ahiMsA kA prazna mukhya rUpa se malina nahIM hai, vaha ina saba manuSyoM ko mAratA prAntarika rahA hai| . huprA bhI mAratA nahIM hai aura vaha (apane karmoM ke jaina prAcAryoM ke isa dRSTikoNa ke pIche jo kAraNa) bandhana meM nahIM par3atA'45 1 pramukha vicAra rahA huA hai, vaha yaha hai ki vyava- dhammapada meM bhI kahA gayA hai 'vItatRSNa vyakti hArika rUpa meM pUrNa ahiMsA kA pAlana aura jIvana brAhmaNa mAtA-pitA ko, do kSatriya rAjAmoM ko meM sadguNa ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se jIvana ko eva prajA-sAhata rASTra ko mAra kara bhI, niSpApa banAe rakhane kA prayAsa yaha do aisI sthitayAM hai hokara jAtI hai kyoMki vaha pApa-puNya se Upara jinako sAtha sAtha calAnA saMbhava nahIM hotA hai, uTha jAtA hai) 45 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM, ki ataH jaina vicArako ko anta meM yahIM svIkAra hiMsA aura hiMsA kI vivecanA ke mUla meM pramAda yA karanA par3A ki hiMsA ahiMsA kA sambandha cAharI rAgA da bhAva hI pramukha tathya hai| ghaTanAmoM kI apekSA prAntarika vRttiyoM sa hai / ahiMsAe bhagavatIe-esA sA bhagavatI ahiMsA-prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra 2/1/21-22 je maIyA, je pa paDuppannA, je AgamissA arahatA bhagavato te savve evamAikkhaMti, evaM bhrAsaMti, evaM paNNAviti evaM pAruviti-sa-ve gANA, sabve bhUyA, savve jIvA, samve sattA, na hattavvA, na ajjAveyavvA. na paridhittambA; na bf yAveyavA, na udde veyamvA, esa dhamme suDhe, esa dhamme suddha, niie, sAsa ! sAma loya khayAhiM gvhe| -prAcArAMga +11121 3. evaM khuNANigo sAra jaNa himacina / ahiMsA samaya ceva etAvata viyaarinnyaa| -sUtrakR.ga 1/4/10 tasthimaM par3hamaM ThANaM mahAvIreNa desiya / ahiMsA ni uNA diTThA savvabhU susjmo| * dazave0 63 5. dhammahimA sama nAstha / bhakta parijJA 91 6. anna vacana di kevala muda hRtaM ziSya bAdhAya / -puruSArthamidyogAya 82 7. savegima-samarA diyamA va mavva sa thAMga -ga0 prA0 .20 8. dhama sabhAsato'hiMsA varNa yanti tathAgatA.. -catuH1ka 9. na tena liyA hota, yena paNa hiMsati / asA savvANana, pariyo ti pavumati / -camnapara 270 10... jaya veraM pasavati duHkha seni parAjito upasanto sukhaM seti jayapara jaya / / -pammAda 201 11. . pragutara nikAya, tIsarA nipAta 153 12.. gItA 10/5-7, 16/2, 17/14 . 13. evaM sarvahisAyaM dhamidhiyate / -mahAbhArata zAntiA 245/19

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1-131 14. ahiMsAya bhUtAnAM dharma pravacanaM kRtam / yaH syAdahiMsAsampRkta sa dharma iti nishcyH| -mahAbhArata zAntiparva 109/12 16. na hi patra yuddha kartavyA vidhIyate / -gItA zAMkara bhASya 2/18 18. gItA-zAMkara bhASya 6/32 17 dI bhagavadgItA eNDa ceMjiMga varDa pRSTha 122 18. bhagavadgItA-rANAkRSNa / -pRSTha 74-75 Hindu Ethics sabve jIvA vi icchaMtijIviuna marijija tamhA pANivahaM ghoraM niggaMthA vajjyaMtiNa-dazave0 6/11 prajjhatthaM samvano savvaM dissa. pANe pyaaye| Na haNe pANiNo pANe bhayave rAmro uvarAe // -uttarA 6/7 . je loga prabhAikkhati se attANaM abhAikkhati / -pAcArAMga 13/3 tumaMsi nAma taM ceva jaM hantavvaM ti mannasi, tumaMsi nAma taM ceva jaM ujjAveyavvati manasi, tamaMsi nAma ta ceva jaM pariyAveyanvati manasi / -prAcArAMga 1/5/4 jIvayaho appavaho jIvadayA appaNo dayA hoI / bhaktaparijJA 93 . 25. yathA aha tathA ete, yathA ete tathA ahaM / attAnaM upamaM katvA, na haneypa na ghAtaye / -suna nipAta 3/37/27 / 26. darzana aura cintana khaNDa 2 pRSTha 125 prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra 2/21 28. hiMsAe paDivAvo hoI ahiMsA --dazava kAlika niyukti 60 295 prAyA ceva ahiMsA AyA hiMsatti niccha poeso / jo hoI apamato ahiMsamo iyro|| -odha niyukti 754 30. paMcendriyANi trividhaM valaM ca, ucchAsani zvAsamathAnyadAyuH / prANAH darzate bhagavabhiruktAnteSAM viyojIkaraNaM tu hiMsA -abhidhAna rAjendra khaNDa 7 pRSTha 1228 31. prAdurbhAva khalu rAgAdInAM bhavatyahiseti / teSAmevotpatti hiMseti jinAgamasaMkSepa / -puruSArtha 44 32. pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA-tatvArtha sUtra 718 33. abhidhAna rAjendra khaNDa 7 pRSTha 1231 34. udake vahavaH prANAH pRthivyAM ca phaleSu ca / na ca kazcinna tAn hanti kimanyat prANayApatAn / sUkSmayonIni bhUtAni tarkagamyAni kAnicit / pakSmaNo'pi nipAtena yeSAM syAta skandhaparyayaH / / mahAbhArana zAnti parva 16/25-26 35. ajjhatya visAMhIe jIvanikAehi saMghar3e loe / desiya-hiMsagaMtta jiNe hiMtiloyadarisIhiM / / -prauSa0 ni0 747

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1-132 36, samaNovAgassaNaMbhaMte / puvAmeva tasa pANa samArambhe paccakhAe bhavaI, puDhavI- samArambhe Na paccakhAe bhavai, se ya puDhavi kharaNamANe aNNayaraM tasa pANaMvihiMsejjA seNaM bhaMte taM vayaM praticarita ? no iNa? sagaThe no khalu se tasa praivAyAe praautttthii| -bhagavatI 7/1 37. uccAliyaMmi pAe, IriyAsamiyarasa saMkamaTThAe / vAvajjejja kuliMgI, marijja taM jogamAsajja / na ya tassa tannimitto, baMdho suhubhovi desijo samae / maraNAvajjo upayogeNa, savvabhAveNa so jmhaa| -paudhaniyukti 748-49 38. jA jayamAraNassa bhave, virAhaNA suttavihisamaggassa / sA hoI nijjaraphalA, ajjhatthavisohiyuttassa / / -prodhaniyukti 759 jo ya pamatto puriso, tassa ya jogaM paDucca je sattA / vAvajjaMte niyamA, tesi so hiMsamo hoi|| je vina vAvajjanI, niyamA tesi pi hiMsamo sou| sAvajjo u pamogeNa, samva bhAveNa so jamhA // -odha niyukti 752-53 na ya hiMsAmetteNaM, sAvajjeNApi hiMsano haai| -aodha niyukti 756 maradu va jiyadu va jIvo, ayadAcArassariNacchidA hiNsaa| payadassa natthi baMdho hiMsAmeteNa samidassa / / -pravacanasAra 3/17 42. yuktAcaraNasya sato rAgAdyAvarAmantareNA'pi / nahibhavati jAtu hiMsA prANa vyaparopaNAdeva / / -puruSArthasiddha yupAya 45 13. sati pANAtivAe appamatto pravahyo bhavati / evaM asati pANAtivAe pammattAe vahago bhavati // -nizIdhacUNi 92 44. dekhie-darzana aura cintana khaNDa 2 pRSTha 414 4b. yasya nAhaMkRto mAvo buddhiryasya na lipyate / hatvApi sa imAMllokAnna hanti na nibadhyate / -gItA 18/17 46. mAtaraM pitaraM hantavA rAjAno dve ca khattiye / raLaM sAnucaraM hantvA pranidho yAti braahmnno| -dhammapada 29 1

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jainadarzana meM jIvAtmA tathA mukAtmA DA0 pramoda kumAra jaina bijanaura jaina darzana ke anusAra jIva bhI eka 'dravya, hai / dravya cha: haiM - dharma, adharma, grAkAza, pudgala, kAla prora jIva / inameM jIva eka 'cetana dravya' hai / caitanya hI jIva kA lakSaNa hai / 1 tatvArtha sUtra ke anusAra jIva kA lakSaNa hai - 'upayoga' | cetanA zakti ko hI 'upayoga' kahate haiM / yaha upayoga do prakAra kA hotA hai- 'darzana' tathA 'jJAna' | nirvikalpa jJAna hI 'darzana' kahalAtA hai aura savikalpaka ko 'jJAna' kahA gayA hai / 3 jJAna ke pratirikta icchA Adi bhI jIva ke guNa mAne gaye haiM / ye jJAna pradi, jo jIva ke guNa mAne gaye haiM, jIva se bhinna haiM yA abhinna, isa viSaya meM bhAratIyadarzana meM vividha mata milate haiM / jainadarzana apane anekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa ke anusAra batalAtA hai| ki jJAna Adi na jIva se nitAnta bhinna hai na nitAnta bhinna hI hai / ve kisI prakAra bhinna bhI haiM aura kisI prakAra se abhinna bhI haiM / 4 isa prakAra jainadarzana na to nyAya-vaizeSika darzana ke samAna 'dharma-dhartI' ke 'bheda' ko hI mAnatA hai aura na sAMkhya darzana ke samAna 'dharma-dharmI' ke 'abheda' ko hI / vaha to donoM kA kisI rUpa meM bheda tathA kisI rUpa meM prabheda mAnatA hai / jIva kisa pariNAma vAlA hai ? isa viSaya meM bhI jainadarzana kI apanI nijI dhAraNA hai / jabaki prAyaH sabhI AtmavAdI darzoM ne AtmA ko vibhu mAnA hai, janadarzana kA kathana hai ki jIva na 'vibhu' hai aura na 'raNa' hI / vaha jisa zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA hai usameM apanI zakti se vyApta ho jAtA hai aura usa zarIra ke parimANa kA hI ho jAtA hai / vastutaH jIva amUrta hai / bhAkAza ke samAna usake asaMkhya pradeza haiM, kintu karma sambandha

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1-134 ke kAraNa vaha zarIra meM hI sthita rahatA hai| sUkhe camar3e ke samAna usake pradezoM kA saMkocana praura jala meM tela ke samAna usake pradezoM kA vistAra ho jAyA karatA hai / jaise dIpaka kA prakAza eka bar3e kakSa ko prakAzita karatA hai, parantu eka choTe sakore meM bhI sImita ho jAtA hai, isI prakAra jIva kI vRtti bhI bar3e choTe zarIroM meM ho sakatI hai / yahA~ virodhiyoM kI ora se yaha prAkSe kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yadi jIva meM saMkoca tathA vikAsa hotA hai to vaha anitya hogA / isa prakSepa kA uttara dete hue janadarzana meM kahA gayA hai ki anekAntavAdI jaina kI dRSTi se isameM koI doSa nahIM hai| jainadarzana to yaha svIkAra karatA hI hai ki pradeza saMhAra' aura 'pradeza vikAsa' kI dRSTi se jIva pranitya hai hI isa prakAra janadarzana meM dRSTikoNa ke bheda se prAtmA kI nityatA tathA anityatA donoM svIkAra kI gaI hai / jIva ananta mAne gaye haiM jo samasta vizva meM phaile huye haiM / saMkSepa meM jIva do prakAra ke hote haiM(1) sasArI aura (2) prasaMsArI (mukta) | jo eka janma se dUsare janma meM jAte haiM ve saMsArI jIva hai / saMsArI jIva bhI do prakAra ke haiM-- ( 1 ) saMjJAyukta (samanaska) aura (2) saMjJaH rahita (gramanaska) saMjJA kA artha hai - zikSA, kriyA tathA bAtacIta ko samajhanA athavA sad asad kA vivek| isa prakAra kI saMjJA manuSya Adi meM hotI hai ataH manuSya gandharva Adi saMjJAyukta jIva kahalAte haiM / saMjJArahita jIva bhI do prakAra ke hote haiM - ( 1 ) trasa bhora (2) sthAvara / do indriyoM zrarthAt svarzana tathA rasanA vAle zaMkha zrAdi, tIna indriyoM arthAt sparzana, rasanA aura ghrANa vAle cIMTI Adi; cAra indriyoM arthAt cakSu sahita ukta tIna indriyoM vAle macchara Adi; aura pAMca indriyoM arthAt zrotra sahita ukta cAra indriyoM vAle pazu zrAdi jIva 'sa' ke antargata prAte haiM / 'sthAvara' ke antargata ve jIva nAte haiM jinhoMne 1 pRthivI, jala, teja aura vAyu ko zarIra rUpa meM dhAraNa kiyA hai jaise vRkSa - latA prAdi / ye 'sthAvara jIva' pAMca prakAra ke hote haiM ina jIvoM kI kevala eka sparzana indriya hI hotI hai / isa prakAra sabhI jIvoM ko 9 vargoM meM rakhA gayA hai / . saMsArI jIva karma ke kAraNa hI eka zarIra ko chor3akara dUsare zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA hai; kyoMki vaha zubha aura azubha karmoM kA kartA bhI hai aura unake phala kA bhoktA bhI hai| jIvAtmA zraura karma kA pranAdi sambandha hai / karma se hI jIvAtma kA bandha hotA hai / prAcArya umAsvAti kA kathana hai 'jIva sakaSAya hone se karma yogya pudgaloM ko graharaNa kara letA hai, yahI bandha hai' 17 yahA~ kaSAya kA tAtparya krodha prAdi manobhAva hai / kaSAya zabda kA ullekha karake zrAcArya ne bandha ke sabhI hetuma ko sUcita kara diyA hai / AcArya ke anusAra bandha ke pA~ca hetu haiM - ( 1 ) mithyAdarzana, (2) prabirati, (3) pramAda, (4) kaSAya aura (5) yoga 8 ye hetu milakara bandha ke nimitta huA karate haiM / kintu kahIM-kahIM inameM se kisI eka yA do ko hI mukhya rUpa se bandha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai 18 'mithyAdarzana' kA artha hai -- tatva para zraddhA na rakhanA yA jaina tIrthaMkaroM dvArA upadiSTa tatvoM meM zraddhA na rkhnaa| hiMsA Adi donoM se virati na honA tathA indriyoM kA saMyama na karanA 'avirati' hai / kuzala kAryoM ke prati zrAdara na rakhanA tathA karttavyoM meM sAvadhAna na rahanA 'pramAda' hai / krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha prAdi 'kaSAya' kahalAte haiM / mana, vacana aura zarIra ke dvArA jIvAtmA ke pradezoM meM jo kriyA hotI hai / use yoga kahate haiM yahI 'prAsrava' kahalAtA hai / isake dvArA karma pudgaloM kA jIvAtmA se sambandha hotA hai / isa prakAra ke 'mAnava' se karma pudgala bhAkarSita hokara, jisa prakAra pavana se ur3akara bhIge camar3e para par3I huI dhUla usake sAtha cipaka jAtI hai usI prakAra, 'kaSAya' ke kAraNa karma jIvAtmA meM jur3a jAte haiM bhora 'vIra'

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kSIravat' jIvAtmA ke sAtha ghulamila jAte haiM / isa dhaniSTha sambandha ko bandha kahate haiM / 19 mithyAdarzana bhAdi jo karmabandha ke hetu haiM unakA nirodha virodhI guraNoM se hI ho sakatA hai / isaliye mokSa ke mArga kA upadeza dete hue prAcArya umAsvAti ne batalAyA hai ki 'samyagdarzana' 'samyagjJAna' aura 'samyak cAritra' mokSa kA mArga hai / 11 prAcArya umAsvAti ne inakI vizada vyAkhyA kI hai / saMkSepa meM tatvArtha ke prati zraddhA honA 'samyagdarzana' kahalAtA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra jo jIva, prajIva Adi sAta tatva hai unake prati zraddhA rakhanA hI 'samyagdarzana' hai 12 yaha kucha vyaktiyoM meM svAbhAvika hotA hai kintu kucha vyaktiyoM meM guru ke upadeza se hI utpanna hotA hai 113 samyagdarzana tatva vastu ko jAnane kA prathama sAdhana hai / tatvArtha ke prati zraddhA hone arthAt samyagdarzana hone para vyakti tatva ke samyagjJAna ke liye prayAsa karatA hai| jIva, prajIva mAdi sAta tatvoM ko bhalI bhA~ti jAna lenA hI samyagjJAna hai / 14 isa samyagjJAna kA jainadarzana ke granthoM meM pratyanta vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai aura isake aneka bheda prabhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / sarvadarzana saMgraha meM bhI isakA saMkSipta parantu spaSTa vivecana hai 25 samyagjJAna ko prApta karake sAdhaka pApakarmoM se dUra rahatA hai aura parahita sAdhana prAdi karmoM kA dhAcaraNa karata hai| yahI samyakcatri hai| vidha grama meM isakI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai grahisa bhAdi vratoM ke bheda sa yaha pAMca prakAra kA hai - ( 1 ) mahisA (2) sUnRta prarthAt satya aura priya vacana, ( 3 ), prasteya, ( 4 ) brahmacarya aura (1) aparigraha | samyak cAritra kA vizada nirUpaNa karake jaina darzana. meM cAritra para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| phira bhI janadarzana ke anusAra 'samyagdarzana', 'samyagjJAna', maura 'samyak cAritra' tInoM milakara hI mokSa ke sAdhana hote hai pRthaka-pRthaka nahIM 117 samyagdarzana mAdi ke dvArA mithyAdarzana Adi 1-135 kA nirodha ho jAtA hai isa prakAra bandha ke hetuoM prarthAt zrAsrava kA nirodha hone se prAtmA meM karmapudgaloM kA praviSTa honA ruka jAtA hai| isI ko jainadarzana meM 'saMvara nAma se kahA gayA hai 127 saMvara ke aneka avAntara bheda bhI mAne gaye haiM / 18 jaba saMvara ke dvArA zrAtmA meM naye karmo kA AnA ruka jAtA hai taba sAdhaka tapa zrAdi ke dvArA pUrva arjita karmoM ko naSTa kara detA hai| ise hI 'nirjarA kahate haiM / nirjarA nAmaka tatva kA bhI jaina granthoM meM vizada varNana milatA hai / isa prakAra saMvara aura nirjarA ke dvArA jIvAtmA karmabandhana se chUTa jAtA tathA mokSa ko prApta ho jAtA hai / mokSa kA artha hai sabhI karmoM kA kSaya / yaha zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki karmabandha kI paramparA to anAdi hai ata: isa prakAra to usakA pranta hI nahIM hogA ? isakA samAdhAna karate hue prAcArya bhaklaka deva ne batalAyA ki jisa prakAra bIja aura aMkura kI paramparA anAdi hai kintu yadi kisI bIja ko agni se jalA diyA jAtA hai tA phira usase aMkura utpanna nahIM hotA mora isa prakAra bIjAkura kI paramparA kA nAza ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra ka. maMbandha kA bIja jo mithyAdarzana Adi hai, usakA nAza kara dene para phira karmabandha nahIM hotA hai 118 samasta karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne para muktAtmA Urdhvagamana karatA hai| 20 vaha Upara kI bhora hI kyoM jAtA hai, isa vizleSaNa karate hue jaMnadarzana meM Urdhvagamana ke cAra hetu pra: 21 kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai - (1) pUrva prayatna Adi ke saMkAra se jisa praka ra daNDa se ghumAyA gayA kummvAra vA cakra daNDa kI kriyA ke banda ho jAne para bhI usI kriyA ke bala se usake saMskAra ke kSINa hona taka ghUmatA hI rahatA hai, usI prakAra saMsAra meM sthita jIvAtmA ne mokSa kI prApti ke liye jo karma zrAdi kiye haiM, una karma Adi ke na rahane para bhI usake saMskAra se muktAtmA lokAnta taka Upara jAtA rahatA hai 28

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1-156 / (2) saMgarahita ho jAne se-jaise miTTI ke se pare 'dharmAstikAya to rahatA nahIM ataH muktAtmA lepa se bhArI hA tumbA pAnI meM DUba jAtA hai kA maura Upara gamana nahIM hotA hai / 28 kintu miTTI kA lepa dhula jAne para vaha Upara prA isa lokAkAza ke anta paryanta pahuMcakara hI jAtA hai, usI prakAra jIvAtmA karmabhAra se saMsAra muktAtmA kI gati ruka jAtI hai| isa muktAvasthA se magna rahatA hai kintu jaba karmoM ke saMga se mukta meM karmoM kI koI upAdhi na rahane se zarIra, indriya ho jAtA hai to Upa" kI ora gamana karatA hai / 23 / tathA mana kA vahAM sarvathA abhAva hI ho jAtA hai / (3) bandhana kA nAza ho jAne se-jisa isase jo sukha nirbandhana, nirupAdhi muktAtmA anu bhava karatA hai vaha anivaMcanIya, anupameya tathA prakAra Upara kA chilakA haTa jAne para eraNDa kA acintya hai / usa svabhAva siddha paramasukha ke sammukha bIja U ra ko chiTaka ja tA hai. usI prakAra karma kA bandhana chUTa jAne se muktAtma' kI svAbhAvika triloka kA samasta mAnanda bilkula nagaNya sA hai| UrdhvAti hotI hai 124 zrI prakalaMkadeva ne isa muktAvasthA kA bar3A hI .. yahAM yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki 'saMga' tathA AlaMkArika varNana kiyA hai-loka zikhara para 'bandha' meM antara hai| jaba jIvAtmA ke pradezoM meM atizaya manojJA tanvI surabhi puNyA bhora atyanta karmapudgala avibhakta rUpa se arthAt nIrakSIravat dIptivAlI prArabhArA nAma kI bhUmi hai / 30 yaha ghula mila jAte haiM taba jIva kA bandha kahalAtA hai, manuSya loka ke samAna vistAravAlI, zubha aura kintu jIvAtmA aura karma kA kevala samparka honA zukla chatra ke samAna hai / lokAnta meM isa bhUmi para saMga kahA gayA hai / siddha virAjamAna hote haiM 181 ve 'kevalajJAna', (4) Upara ko jAne ke svabhAva ke kAraNa- 'kevaladarzana', samyaktva paura siddhatva se yukta hote jisa prakAra tirachI bahane va lI Ayu ke na rahane haiM, tathA kriyA kA nimitta na rahane se niSkriya para dIpazikhA svabhAva se Upara ko jalatI hai, usI hote haiN| prakAra muktAtmA bhI aneka prakAra kI gatiyoM ko ina siddhoM kA anazvara, abAdhita tathA viSayAutpanna karane vAle karmoM kA nirvANa ho jAne para tIta sukha prApta hotA hai / 93 yadi koI prazna kare svabhAva se Upara ko hI jAtA hai| 26 ki muktoM ko sukha kaise ho sakatA hai ?34 to uttara isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina vicAra dhArA hai ki 'sukha' zabda kA prayoga cAra arthoM meM dekhA ke anusAra muktAtmA Upara ko hI jAtA hai, kintu jAtA hai-1. viSaya, 2. duHkhAbhAva, 3. sukhAnuusake Upara ko jAne kI sImA lokAkAza hai| bhUti tathA 4. mola 135 prAkAza do prakAra kA hotA hai-(1) lokAkAza (1) 'bhagni sukhakara hai' yA 'vAyu sukhakara hai' aura (2) alokAkAza 'lokAkAza' meM 'loka' ityAdi meM 'sukha' zabda 'viSaya' ke artha meM hai| . zabda kI aneka prakAra se vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| (2) roga mAdi duHkhoM ke prabhAva meM jo sakSepa meM jahAM puNya pApa kA phala bhogA jAtA hai manuSya kahatA hai 'maiM sukhI hUM' vahAM 'sukha' zabda vaha loka hai 17 isI loka kA AkAza, lokAkAza duHkhAbhAva ke artha meM hai| haiN| isase pare alokAkAza hai : muktAtmA lokA. (3) puNya karmoM ke vipAka se indriyoM ke kAza ke anta taka Urdhvagamana karatA hai, isase pAge dvArA viSayoM meM anukUlatA kI pratIti hotI hai / vaha gati nahIM krtaa| muktAtmA kI Urdhvagati meM use bhI 'sukha' kahA jAtA hai| vahAM 'sukha' zabda dharma bhI nimita humA karatA hai, kintu lokAkAza 'sukhAnubhUti' ke liye hai|

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1-137 (4) caturtha 'sukha' 'mokSarUpI sukha' hai, jo karma isa prakAra jainadarzana ke anusAra muktAtmA paura klezoM ke chUTa jAne se hotA hai| vaha anupama 'anantacatuSTaya' ko prApta kara letA hai| vaha sukha hai / 37 samasta saMsAra meM aisA koI sukha nahIM hai 'anantajJAna', 'anantadarzana', 'anantavIrya' tathA jisase usa sukha kI upamA dI jAye / 39 use anu- 'anantasukha' se yukta hotA hai| sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM mAna pora upamAna pramANoM se nahIM jAnA jA sakatA prAcArya padmanandI kA uddharaNa dete hue yaha bhI kahA hai| bhagavAn arhatoM ke dvArA usa sukha kA pratyakSa gayA hai, "candra, sUrya prAdi graha to jA-jAkara lauTa kiyA jAtA hai aura unake upadeza dvArA hI usa pAte haiM, kintu loka se pare jo AkAza hai usameM sukha ko samajhA jA sakatA hai 40 gaye hue muktAtmA Aja taka nahIM lautte|"41 28. . 1. cetanAlakSaNo jovaH syAdajIvastadanyakaH / sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR. 177 2. upayogo lakSaNam / tatvA. sU. 2/8 3. sa upayogo dvividhaH sa kAro'nAkArazca jJAnopayogo darzanopayogazcetyarthaH / tatvA. bhA. 213 *4. jJAnA bhinno na nAbhinno bhinnAbhinna kathaMcana / sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR0 148 . pradezasaMhAravisabhyiAM pradIpavat / tatvA. sa. 5116 6. tatra jIvA dvividhAH, saMsAriNo muktAzca / bhavAdbhavAntaraprAptimantaH saMsAriNaH / te ca dvividhAH-samanaskA, amanaskAzca / tatra saMjJinaH samanaskAH / zikSAkriyAlApagrahaNarUpA saMjJA / tadvidhurAstvamanaskAH / te cAmanaskA dvividhAH, basasthAvarabhedAt / tatra dvIndriyAdayaH zaMkhagaNDolakaprabhRtayaH caturvidhAstrasAH / pRthivyaptejovAyuvanaspatayaH sthAvarAH sarva / darzana saMgraha, pRSTha 150 67. sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAna pudgalAnAdatte sa bandhaH / tatvA. su. 8/2 mithyAdarzanAviratipramAdakaSAyayoga vandhahetavA / tatvA. sa. 8/1 zrI nyAyavijayaH jaina darzana, pR0 39 10. zrI nyAyavijaya : jainadarzana, pR0 38 11. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / tatvA. sU. 1/1 tatvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam / vahI, 1/2 tannisargAdadhigamAdvA / vahI, 1/3 jIvAjIvAsravabandhasaMvaranirjarAmokSAstatvam / vahI, 1/4 sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR0 136-140 46. etAni samyagdarzanajJAna cAritrANi militAni mokSakAraNaM na pratyekam / vahI, pR0 142 17. mAsravanirodhaH saMvaraH / tatvA. sU. 9/1 118. tatvA. sa. 9/4 tathA prAge 19. dagdhe bIje yathAtyaMtaM prAdurbhavati nokur|| karmabIje tathA dagdhe na rohati bhavAMkuraH // tatvA. vA. 10/2/3 tadanantaramUvaM gacchatyAlokAntAt / tatvA, sU. 10/5 pUrva pramogAdasaMgatvAdbandhacchedAttathAgatipariNAmAcca gadgati / vahI, 10/6 12. pUrvaprayogAt / yathA hastadaNDacakrasaMyuktamayogAtpuruSaprayatnatazcAviddha kulAlacakramuparateSvapi puruSaprayatnahastadaNDacakrasaMyogeSu pUrvaprayogAdabhramatyevAsaMskAraparikSayAta evaM yaHpUrvakasya karmaNA prayogo janitaH sa kSI'pi karmAriNa-gatiheturbhavati / tatkRtA gatiH tatvA0 bhA0 10/6 20.

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1-138 23. - yathA mRttikAlepajanitagauravamalAbudravya jaleSa:patitaM jalakledavizliSTamRttikAbandhanaM ladhu sarvameva gacchati tathA kamabhAra krAntivazIkRta prAtmA tadAvezavazAtsaMsAre aniyamana gacchati / pUjyapAdaH sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 470 24. yathA bIjako zavandha chedAderara bIjasya gatiSTA tathA manuSyAdibhavaprApakagatijAtinAmAdi. sakala karmabandhacchedAnmuktasya urdhvagatiravasIyate / vahI, pR0 470 ___ anyonya prAdezAnu veze satyavibhAgenAvasthAnaM bandhaH / parasparaprAptimAtra saMga / sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR. 168 yathA tiyaMplavanasvabhAvasamIraNasambandhanirutsukA pradIpazikhA svabhAvAdutpatati tathA muktAtmA'pi nAnAtivikAravAraNakarmaniriNe satyUrdhvagatisvabhAvAdUrdhvamevArohati / pUjyapAdaH sarvArthasidi, pR. 471 _puNya payoH karmaNo phala sukhadu khalakSaNaM yatrAlokyate sa lokaH / tatvA. vA. 5/12/10 gatyupagrahakAraNabhUto dharmAstikAyo noparyastItyaloke gamanAbhAvaH / pUjyapAdaH sarvArthasiddhi, pR0471 zrInyAyavijayaH jaina darzana, pR0 44 tanvI manojJA surabhiH puNyA paramabhAsurA / prAgbhAMrAnAmavasudhA lokamUni vyavasthitA / / tatvA. vA., upasaMhArazloka 19 31. trilokatulyaviSkaMbhA sitacchatranibhA shubhaa| Urdhva tasyAH kssite| siddhaa| lokAnte samavasthitAH / vahI; zloka 20 tAdAtmyAdupayuktAste kevalajJAnadarzana / samyaktvasiddhatAvasthAH hetvabhAvAcca niSkriyAH // vahI, zloka 23 33. saMsAravibayAtIta siddhAnAmavyaya sukha / avyAbAdhamiti proktaM paramaM pa maSibhiH / vahI, zloka 23 vahI, zloka 24 loke caturvihArtheSu sukhazabdaH prayujyate / viSaye vedanAbhAve vipAke mokSa eva ca / / vahIM, zloka 25 sukho vahniH sukho vAyurviSayeSviha kathyate / duHkhAbhAve ca puruSaH sukhito'smIti bhASate / / tatvAH vA. upasaMhAra zloka 26 puNyakarmavipAkAcca sukhamiSTeMdriya thNj| karmaklezavimokSAcca mokSe sukhamanuptamaM / vahI zloka 27 loke tatsadRzohyarthaH kRtsne : ya yo na vidyate / upamIyeta tayena tasmAnnirUpa smRtaM / vahI, zloka 30 hI, zloka 31 40. pratyakSaM tadbhagavatAmahaMtAM taH prabhASitaM / gRhyate'stItyata: prAjane udmamthapanIkSayA / vahI, zloka 22 gatvA ga-vA nivatante candra sUryA yo phaaH| adyApi na nivartante svalokAkAzAtA: / / sarvadarza saMgraha, pR. 168 3 4. 7. 39. kI 1.

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dhanumAna zraura usake prakAra sAdhvI zrI kanakaprabhAjI pratyeka darzana paramparA kAla aura naI sthApanA ina do dRSTiyoM se apanA mahatva abhivyaMjita karatI hai ! kAla kI prAcInatA kA jitanA mahatva hai usase bhI adhika mahatva hai naI sthApanAoM kA / kAlakrama kI dRSTi se jaina nyAya ko arvAcIna mAnA jAtA hai, isI lie jaina nyAya praNetAoM ke sAmane yaha samasyA AI ki ve nau yA sAta sau varSoM bAda jisa nyAya ke kSetra meM praveza kara rahe haiM, vahAM naI dena deM yA pUrva dArzanikoM kA anukaraNa kareM anyathA unake vicAroM ko prAdara milanA muzkila hai / dArzanika kSetra meM jaina, bauddha bhora vaidika tInoM ne apanI svataMtra racanAeM prastuta kI haiN| una racanAoM meM kisane kisakA anukaraNa kiyA, yaha tathya Aja bhI vivAdAspada hai / jaina darzana kA mUla srota bhagavAna RSabha haiM, jo itihAsa kI prAMkhoM se zrobhala / vartamAna meM upalabdha sAmagrI para bhagavAn mahAvIra kA prabhAva hai / bhagavatI, sthAnAMga aura anuyogadvAra meM nyAya viSayaka vikIrNaM tathya pAe jAte haiM / svataMtra granthanA kI dRSTi se vaidika sAhitya kA kAla lambA hai / IsavI pUrva chaThI zatAbdI meM 'gautama' 'karaNAda' zrAdi ne nyAya sUtra, vaizeSika sUtra, vedAnta sUtra aura brahmasUtra kA praNayana kiyA / I0 pU0 cauthI zatAbdI meM bauddha paramparA ke prAcArya dignAtha ne 'pramANa samuccaya' kI racanA kI praura jaina paramparA meM IsA kI tIsarI zatAbdI meM umAsvAti ne 'tatvArtha sUtra' ko abhivyakti dI / gotama umAsvAti ke bIca meM nau sau varSoM kA antara par3a jAtA hai / isa dRSTi se jaina nyAya kA udbhava bhale hI bAda meM mAnA jAe lekina mUla tatva jaina darzana kI zrAdi se hI jur3e hue haiM /

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1-140 kaI dArzanikoM kA mata hai ki jaina nyAya ne saMsAra ko navInatA nahIM dI / DA0 kItha ne likhA hai-- jaina darzana kA vikAsa na hone kA mUla kAraNa hai usakA prAcInatA para vizvAsa / mUla rUpa meM jo tatva mile unameM kisI bhI prakAra kA saMzodhana na hone se jaina nyAya prAja bhI pichar3A huA hai / ' lekina isa tathya meM pUrNa satyatA pratIta nahIM hotI / syAdvAda aura nayavAda ko adhAra mAnakara jaina AcAryoM ne jo kucha likhA, vaha maulika cintana dUsare darzanoM meM nahIM miltaa| isa nyAya zailI kA ullekha zrAgamoM meM spaSTa ho jAtA hai para svataMtra grantha racanA siddhasena aura samantabhadra ( pAMcavIM chaThI zatAbdI) dvArA kI gaI hai| jinake grantha tatvArtha sUtra kI bhAMti zvetAmbara mora bigambara donoM ko mAnya hai / zrAcArya siddhasena ne apanI kRti nyAyavatAra meM pratyakSa, anumAna Adi pramANa rakhakara jaina nyAya ko nayA mor3a diyA hai / isase pahale pramAraNa ke mati zruti, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala ye pAMca bheda kie jAte the / nyAyazAstra meM anumAna eka prAraNavAna tatva hai / khaNDana maNDana vyApti kA jo mUlya hai vaha kisI bhI dRSTi se nyUna nahIM hai| kisI bhI padArtha kA eka dezIya jJAna pratyakSa ho jAtA hai, lekina sarvAgINa jAnakArI ke lie anumAna ko AdhAra mAnanA par3atA hai / jaise eka zveta vastra hai, vastra kA zveta raMga hamArI AMkhoM ke sAmane hai / lekina jaina darzana ke anusAra pratyeka dRzya padArtha meM pA~ca varNa hote haiM / prataH usa vastra ke anya varNaM anumAna gamya haiM / 'sAdhanAt sAdhyajJAnamanumAnam' anumAna kI isa paribhASA meM dArzanikoM kA matabheda nahIM hai lekina isakI prAmANikatA aura bheda-prabhedoM meM prantara par3atA hai / bauddha anumAna ko vAstavika pramANa nahIM mAnate kintu pratyakSa kA nirvAhaka mAnate haiM / naiyAyika, vaizeSika, sAMkhya aura mImAMsaka ye anumAna ko pratyakSa kI taraha hI svataMtra pramANa mAnate haiM / jaina darzana ne pramANa ke mukhya do bheda kie haiM- pratyakSa aura parokSa / parokSa ke prakAroM anumAna kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / naiyAyikoM ne anumAna ke tIna bheda mAne haiMpUrvavat zeSavat bhaura sAmAnyato dRSTa | 1- pUrvavat - kAraNa se kArya kA jJAna honA pUrvavat anumAna hai| jaise- bhramara, bhaiMsA, hAthI (sarpa) aura tamAla vRkSa kI taraha kAlI prAbhA vAle megha vRSTi ke sUcaka haiN| yahAM meghoM ko kAlimA kAraNa hai aura varSA kArya hai / 2- zeSavat - kArya se kAraNa ko jAnanA zeSavat anumAna hai / 2 jaise nadI ke vizeSa pravAha rUpa kArya ko dekhakara vRSTi kA jJAna karanA / vRSTi nadI pUra kA kAraNa hai tathA pravAha vizeSa se jAnA jAtA hai / 3 - sAmAnyato dRSTa - pUrva dRSTa samAna dharma se kisI apratyakSa tathya ko jAnanA / 3 jaise - puruSa eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna meM jAtA to gA karatA hai / vaise hI sUrya bhI prakAza meM isa chora se usa chora taka pahuMca jAtA hai / vaha gati sApekSa hai / yadyapi usakI gamanakriyA puruSa ke gamana kI taraha vyakta nahIM hai to bhI sAmAnyata: dekhI huI bAta meM viparyaya nahIM hotA / ataH sUrya bhI gati karatA hai / jaina nyAya ne anumAna parivAra meM svArtha mora parArthaye do bheda to kie hI haiM, inake atirikta tIna bheda phira mAne haiM / pUrvavat, zeSavat aura dRSTa sAdharma / inameM pahale donoM bheda naiyAyikoM se zabda

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sAmya rakhate haiM para artha meM eka rUpatA nahIM rahI paura tIsare bheda meM to nAma sAmya bhI nahIM hai / anuyogadvAra ke AdhAra para inakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hotI hai : 1- pUrvavat meM bacapana meM kahIM khoe hue putra ko yuvAvasthA prApta hone para kisI cinha ke dvArA mAtA use pahacAna letI hai / " use pUrvavat kahate haiM / jaise kisI kSata, varaNa, lakSaNa, maza yA tila ko dekhakara nirNaya kara lenA ki yaha merA hI putra hai / 2- - zeSavat zeSavat anumAna pAMca prakAra kA hai, kArya, kAraNa, guraNa, avayava zraura Azraya | 1. kArya se kAraNa kA anumAna - zabda sunakara zaMkha kA anumAna karanA, hinahinAne se ghor3e kA jJAna karanA / 2. kAraNa se kArya kA jJAna-tantuoM se paTa kA jJAna karanA, miTTI se ghar3e kA jJAna karanA aura kAle bAdaloM se varSA kA manumAna karanA / J 3. guNa se guNI kA anumAna -- nikaSa para kasane se sone kA jJAna karanA aura gandha se phUloM kA jJAna karanA / 4. avayava se avayavI kA jJAna-zrRMga se mahiSa kA jJAna karanA, viSAraNa se hAthI kA, nakhoM se vyAghra kA dhaura vAlAgra se camarI go kA jJAna karanA / 6. zrAzraya se zrAzrayI kA anumAna - dhUma se for kA bodha karanA, prabhravikAra se varSA kA anumAna lagAnA maura zIla guNa tathA sadAcAra se suputra kA bodha karatA / 4-141 3- buSTa sAdharmya pUrva upalabdha artha ke sAdharmya se vartamAna meM kisI ko jAnanA / isake do bheda haiM / sAmAnya dRSTa aura vizeSa dRSTa | 1. sAmAnya dRSTa - eka puruSa ko dekhakara zraneka puruSoM kA jJAna karanA aura aneka puruSoM ke sAdharmya se eka puruSa ko jAnanA / 7. 2. vizeSa dRSTa - kisI pUrva dRSTa puruSa ko pariSad ke bIca meM pahacAna lenA / bahuta se rupayoM meM pUrva paricita kArSApaNa ko pahacAna lenA / anumAna kA graharaNa tIna prakAra se hotA haiatIta kAla graharaNa, vartamAna kAla grahaNa aura bhaviSya kAla grahaNa ----- 1. atIta kAla grahaNa - uge hue tRNoM ko dekhakara kahanA vRSTi huI thI, zasya zyAmalA pRthvI mora jala paripUrNa sarovara vRSTi ke kArya haiM / 2: vartamAna kAla grahaNa - gocarI ke lie gayA huA muni gRhasthoM dvArA vizeSa bhojana, pAnI Adi kA Agraha dekhakara socatA hai, abhI subhikSya hai| 3. anAgata kAla grahaNa - savidyata megha Adi prazasta hetunoM ko dekha kara kahanA vRSTi hogI / inake viparyAsa meM nistRNa pRthvI aura zuSka pravRSTi, bhikSA sulabha na hone para durbhikSa saroM se aura svaccha prakAza se bhaviSya meM vRSTi nahIM hogI aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / isa vivecana se lagatA hai ki anumAna kA yaha apUrva rUpa jainoM kA apanA dRSTikoNa hai / naiyAyikoM ne anumAna ke jo tIna bheda kie haiM, ve isI vizleSaraNa kA saMkSepIkararaNa hai / kyoMki una tInoM

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1-142 hI prakAroM maiM koI navInatA nahIM hai| jaina anumAna ke vivecana se apanA pArthakya batAne ke lie pratha meM thor3A sA bheda DAlA gayA hai| isI taraha praura tathya bhI mila sakate haiM jo jaina nyAya kI maulikatA 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. ko prakAza meM lA sake, lekina ve saba pranveSala mAMgate haiM / pranveSaka isa dizA meM prayAsa kareM to saMsAra ko naI dena de sakate haiM / SaDdarzana, zloka 20 : zelamba gavala vyAla tamAla malina tviSaH / vRSTiM vyabhicarantIha naivaM prAyaH payomucaH // vahI, zloka 21 : kAryAt kAraNAnumAnaM yacca taccheSavanmataM / tathAvidha nadI pUrAnmegho vRSTo payari / vahI, zloka 22 : dhanuyogadvAra, pR0 195 se kiM taM pramANe ? tivihe paNNatte taMja hA puNvavaM sevavaM diTTha sAhamavaM / sU, 619 anuyogadvAra anumAnAdhikAra, pR0 195, sU. 520 mAyA puttaM jahAM niTTha juvANaM puNarAgayaM kaI paccabhijANejjA puvva ligerA keI || vahI, pR0 195 : se ki taM sesavaM taMjahA kajjeraNa, kAraNeNaM guNeNa / sU. 521 anuyogadvAra, pR0 198 : jahA ego puriso tahA bahave puSisA / sU. 528 vahI, se jahAM gAmae keI purise kaMci parisaM bahUNaM / purisAraNaM majjhe purvAdihaM purisaM vaccAmija nejjA sU. 429 vahI, : tassa samAsabho tivihaM gaharaNaM bhavada, taMjahA - pratIya kAla gaharaNaM paDuppaTaNakAla gahaNa bharaNAya kAla gahaNaM / sU. 30

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pAzcAtya bhautikavAda bhora usake vinAzakArI pariNAma bartamAna caritra saMkaTa kA kAraNa bhautikavAda ko batAte hue mAdhyAtmavAda ko apanAne va vijJAna kA prAdhyAtmavAda ke sAtha samanvaya karane kA upadeza hama dhArmika tathA rAjanaitika netAmoM se bahudhA sunate rahate haiM parantu usa upadeza kA prabhAva kucha nahIM ho rahA paura caritra sakaTa kI samasyA adhikAdhika vikaTa hotI jA rahI hai| bhautikavAda kyA hai-yaha mAnyatA ki hama apane bhautika sukha sAdhanoM ko jitanA adhika car3hAveMge, utane hI adhika sukhI hoMge, bhautikavAda hai| parantu bhUmi bhora utpAdana ke sAdhana parimita haiM aura janasakhyA vRddhi rokane ke saba prayatna karane para bhI prasiddha arthazAstrI mAlathasa ke sivAMta ke anusAra vaha jyAmitika vRddhi ke niyamAnusAra bar3hatI hI jA rahI hai, utpAdana, usakI vadi ke saba prayatna karane para bho. janasaMkhyA vRddhi kI tulanA meM bahuta pichar3A huA hai| saMyuktarASTrasaMgha ke khAdya aura kRSi saMgaThana ke mahA saMcAlaka ke kathanAnusAra abhI bhI sasAra ke do tihAI yA prAdhe loMga yA to bhUkhe rahate haiM yA unheM aisA bhojana milatA hai ki jisase ThIka poSaNa nahIM miltaa| isa prakAra bhautikavAda saMsAra kI samagra janasaMkhyA kI bhUkha miTAne taka meM asaphala rahA hai maura vizvazAMti kA eka mAtra upAya yahI hai ki sukha sAdhanoM ke bar3hAne kI tRSNA na rakhakara saba saMyama se raheM aura jo bhI utpAdana ho use saba bAMTa-bAMTa kara kara leM kyoMki logoM meM saMyama kI bhAvanA paidA kara unakI tRSNA ko roka nahIM lagAI jAve to utpAdana kitanA bhI bar3hA diyA jAye vaha saba logoM kI sammilita tRNA kI kabhI bhI pUrti nahIM kara sakatA aura usakA -zrI biraSIlAla seThI

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1-144 pariNAma hamAre sAmane hai--vizvavyApI caritra meM hor3a paidA kara dI ki rahana-sahana kA stara saMkaTa, mukha praura mazAMti / kaMcA karo, pAvazyakatAoM ko khUba bar3hAno cAhe pAzcAtya bhautikavAda ne kyA kiyA- usake lie tumhAre deza ko hamase kitanI bhI yoM to bhautikavAda saMsAra meM sukha zAMti kI udhAra lenI pdd'e| tabhI tumhArI garIbI dUra huI sthApanA meM sadA hI asaphala rahA hai parantu purAne mAnI jAvegI aura tuma sabhya kahalA sakoge / samaya meM isakA kSetra ine-gine rAjA mahArAjAmoM astu samAja meM bhautika sukha sAdhana bar3hAne kI prAdi taka hI sImita thA ataH usa samaya ana- tRSNA pravAha rUpa meM phaila gii| parantu utpAdana tikatA kI samasyA eka sImita kSetra meM hI thii| mAma janatA kI to mUlabhUta AvazyakatAoM ko bhI mAma janatA kA jIvana bhautika mahatvAkAMkSAmoM pUrA nahIM kara sakA aura sattAdhAriyoM aura dhanikoM se rahita sAdA, saMyamI aora saMtoSI hotA thaa| ke lie vibhinna prakAra ke bhogavilAsa ke sAdhana megasthanIja, phAhyAna, hanasAMga Adi vidazI utpanna ho gaye / isI kA pariNAma haiM yaha saMsAra itihAsakAroM taka ne likhA hai ki usa samaya bhArata vyApI varga saMgharSa aura caritra saMkaTa kI prasiddha meM logoM kA jIvana sAdA tathA ve sarala sAhityakAra jArja barnArDa zaoN ke zabdoM meM DamokresI aura imAnadAra hote the / aparAdha bahuta kama hote (lokatantra) Demanake sI (rAkSaNItantra) bana gaI the| prajA sukhI aura dhana-dhAnyapUrNa thii| isase hai| amarIkA jise saMsAra kA sabase adhika pragaTa hotA hai ki usa samaya bhautikavAda bahuta hI sampanna deza mAnA jAtA hai usakI hAlata to adhika sImita kSatra meM hone se Ama janatA kA caritra burI hai| vahAM aparAdha bekAbU ho gayA hai| vahAM stara UMcA thA, na garIbI aura bekArI kI samasyA ke bar3e nagaroM meM rAtri meM bhale nAgarika makAnoM thI aura na samAjavyApI caritra saMkaTa kii| lagabhaga se bAhara nikalane se Darate hai| dina meM pAvAgamana pahI sthiti anya dezoM meM bhI thii| meM khatare kA Dara banA rahatA hai| vahAM mAnasika parantu pAzcAtya bhautikavAda ne jahAM bhArI roga bhI bar3ha rahe hai, ina rogoM ke DAkTaroM kI caritra saMkaTa paidA kara diyA vahAM isakI praudyo bar3I mAMga hai| khUba vaibhava hote hue bhI unheM zAMti nahIM milatI prataH ela. esa. DI. prAdi gika takanIka ne bekArI aura Arthika saMkaTa mI nazelI davAiyoM va nIMda kI goliyoM kA sevana padA kara diyA karanA par3atA hai| kaI hippI bana rahe hai yA zAMti _I. caritra saMkaTa-AvazyakatA isa bAta ke lie bhAratIya sAdhunoM ke ziSya bana rahe haiN| kI thI ki prAdhunika vijJAna kI saba upalabdhiyoM 2. bekArI aura Arthika saMkaTa-purAne ke upayoga ko bar3hatI huI janasaMkhyA kI mUlabhUta samaya meM utpAdana kI artha vyavasthA vikendrita thii| mAvazyakatA kI vastuoM ke utpAdana kI kamI mazIneM, manuSyoM aura pazuoM kI zrama zakti se ko pUrA karane taka sImita rakkhA jaataa| yadi calatI thI aura unameM sthAna-sthAna para upalabdha aisA kiyA jAtA to abhI saMsAra meM zAMti kA utpAdana ke sAdhanoM tathA manuSyoM aura pazuoM kI sAmrAjya hotaa| parantu aisA na kara pAzcAtya zrama zakti kA samucita upayoga hotA thaa| ataH bhautikavAdI netAmoM tathA unase prabhAvita kathita adhikAMza grAma svAvalambana para prAdhArita usa pichar3e dezoM ke netAoM ne garIbI dUra karane ke artha vyavasthA meM mazInoM aura unake lie bacce nAma para vibhinna bhogavilAsa ke sAdhana prApta kara mAla ke rUpa meM videzoM se udhAra lene zrI rahana-sahana kA stara UMcA karane kI Ama janatA kI koI samasyA nahIM thii| deza kA dhana deza meM

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thA / rahatA thA prata: deza dhana dhAnya se sampanna pAzcAtya bhautikavAdI kathita vikasita dezoM se apane yahAM bar3e-bar3e kala-kArakhAnoM kA nirmANa kiyA / yaha svAbhAvika thA ki kaI manuSyoM kI zrama zakti se bane hue mAla kI apekSA, mazInoM dvArA utanA hI mAla banAne meM kama prAdamI lagate taH mAla bhI sastA pdd'taa| bacI huI zrama zakti unane anya sukha sAdhanoM kA utpAdana kara usakA apane rahana-sahana kA stara UMcA karane meM aura videzoM ko becakara apanI mazInoM ke lie kaccA hAla kharIdane meM upayoga kiyA / apanA pakkA sAla becane aura apanI mazInoM ke lie kaccA sIla kharIdane ko mArkeTa ke lie kathita pichar3e e dezoM ko apane prabhAva meM rakhane lie una dezoM pratispardhA bhI cala gii| pichar3e hue dezoM kA na khiMca kara vikasita dezoM meM jAne lagA bhaura kArI bhI phailane lagI to ve apanA vaisA ho kAsa kara samRddhi ke svarNa mRga ko prApta karane tRSNA meM par3a gaye / taba vikasita dezoM se sIneM kharIdanA bhI zurU kara diyA aura unake raboM DaoNlara aura pauMDa ke RRraNI bana gaye / pari rAma svarUpa bhayaMkara Arthika saMkaTa bhaura bekArI samasyA paidA ho gaI hai / bekArI vikAsazIla oM meM hI nahIM vikasita dezoM meM bhI phailatI jA hai ! mahAtmA gAMdhI ne kyA kahA thA-- uparokta cina se vidita hogA ki isa samaya cAritra saMkaTa, harI maura ma~hagAI kI jo vizvavyApI samasyA hai kA kAraNa pAzcAtya bhogavAdI sabhyatA aura usakI yogika takanIka hai / ise apanAkara sabhI dezoM vipanA vikAsa nahIM pratyuta vinAza kiyA hai| lie mahAtmA gAMdhI ne san 1908 meM apanI he pustaka hiMda svarAjya meM isa sabhyatA se ko sAvadhAna karate hue yaha likhA thA :-- 1-145 "yaha sabhyatA madhamaM hai para isane yUropavAloM para aisA raMga jamAyA hai ki ve isake pIche dIvAne ho rahe haiM / " "yaha sabhyatA aisI hai ki agara hama dhIraja rakkheM to aMta ko isa sabhyatA kI bhAga sulagAnevAle prApa hI isameM jala mareMge" "jo loga hindustAna ko badala kara usa hAlata para le jAnA cAhate haiM......... ........... ve deza ke duzmana haiM, pApI haiN|" zrAdhyAtmavAda kyA hai - prAdhyAtmavAda kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki sukha kA srota hamArI prAtmA ke bhItara hai, sukha kahIM bAhara se nahIM prAtA / hama jitane adhika bhrAtma nirbhara hokara bhautika sukha sAdhanoM kI apanI bhAvazyakatAoMoM ko va unake saMgraha ko kama kareMge utane hI adhika hama sukhI hoMge / bhautika sukha sAdhanoM kI tRSNA se rahita nigraMtha jaina muni kI caryA sukhI jIvana ke usa prAdarza kA pratIka hai| yahI nahIM, mAdhyAtmavAda hI samaviSTagata sukha zAMti kA bhI sAdhaka hai / uparokta bhAvanA sAmAjika pravAha bana jAne para adhikAMza vyakti svayaM sphUrta saMyama kA pAlana karate hue samAja ke bhautika sukha sAdhanoM ke utpAdana kA kama se kama bhAga lenA cAheMge prataH aise samAja meM varga saMgharSa, chInA jhapaTI mora cAritra saMkaTa kI samasyA paidA hI nahIM hogI / isI vicAra se mahAtmA gAMdhI ne bhI svataMtra janatAMtrika sukhI bhArata kI apanI kalpanA nimnalikhita zabdoM meM prakaTa kI thI"pratyeka vyakti ko itanA hI milegA ki usakI saba prAkRtika prAvazyakatAeM pUrI ho jAve, isase adhika nahIM" / parantu mAdhunika takanIka ke viveka pUrNa upayoga ke virodhI nahIM the| utane siMgara kI silAI mazIna kI prazaMsA kI thI mora isa prakAra kI mazInoM aura usake nirmANa ko lagAye jAne vAle kArakhAnoM kA samarthana kiyA thA / yaha kahanA ki zazadhyAtmavAda kA vijJAna se viroSa hai maura unameM samanvaya biThAne kI AvazyakatA hai, bhrama mAtra hai / mAvazyakatA to vijJAna ke sadupayoga kI

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1-140 kyoMki vartamAna meM usakA adhikAMza thor3e se sAdhana sampanna logoM kI bhoga tRSNA ko. pUrA karane maura yuddha sAmagrI ke nirmANa meM durupayoga kiyA jA rahA hai / aneka vyakti dhyAna va prAraNAyAma ko hI mAdhyAtmikatA samajhe hue haiM, yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai / yaha pravazya hai ki ve mAnasika tathA zArIrika svAsthya ke sAdhaka hone se prAdhyAtmika pragati ke bhI sAdhaka haiM / tathA rAjakIya niyaMtraNa dvArA, bhoga vilAsa va zAnazaukata ke jIvana ke lie dhanavAnoM ke dhana niru payogIkaraNa kI tathA grAma svAvalaMbana para zrAdhArita atha vyavasthA kI prAvazyakatA u5 kta se pragaTa hai ki zrAdhyAtmavAda saMsAra meM sukha zAMta ke lie pratyaMta Avazyaka hai / parantu yaha pAzcAtya bhoga vAdI sabhyatA itanI vyApaka ho gaI hai ki jo loga ise burA samajhate haiM ve bhI bebasa hokara isI ke pravAha meM bar3e jA rahe haiN| svayaM sphUta sayama, aparigraha va aNuvrata pAlana ke upadeza sadAcAra samitiyA~ bar3hatI huI anatikatA ke pravAha ko badalane meM prasaphala rahe haiM kyoki hama re dharma guruyoM ke pAsa bhI bhautikatA kA hI prosAhana mila rahA hai, ghana va sattA kI hI pUcha hai ora nizcaya dharma kA upadeza diyA jAtA hai mora dharma nIlAma kiyA jAtA hai| bhora jo pradhika se adhika dhana detA hai usI kA gharma rakSaka ke rUpa meM sammAna kiyA jAtA hai, cAhe vaha dhana usane dhanucita upAyoM se kamAyA ho / dhAye dina dhArmika saMsthAoM ke samAroha hote haiM, vahAM yahI prayatna rahatA hai ki kisI dhanika yA sattAdhArI se ud ghATana karAveM yA mukhya atithi banAyeM Ajakala ke bar3e-bar3e udyogapati so pAzcAtya bhautikavAda ke pratinidhi hI haiM aura prAjakala kI paristhitiyo me dhana ko pratiSThA denA bhanaitikatA ko protsAhana denA hai| prataH isa vikaTa pAzcAtya bhogavAdI pravAha ko badalane ko svayaM skUtaM sayama mora naitikatA ko protsAhita / eka dUsarI , karane ke lie jahA~ eka cora yaha prAvazyaka hai ki hamAre sAdhu aura netA dhana ko pAvara va pratiSThA denA baMda kareM vahA~ yaha bhI avazyaka hai ki rAjakIya niyaMtraNa dvArA, bhoga vilAsa va vaibhavazAlI jIvana ke lie dhanavAnoM ke dhana ko nirupayogI kara diyA jAve / jaba garIvI ke bIca vilAsitA aura vaibhava ke pradarzana kA koI bhovitya nahIM hai to vilAsitA ke sAdhanoM ke utpAdana va prAyAta kI ijAjata kyoM ? vartamAna ke baMbhava va vilAsitA ke sAdhanoM kI upalabdhi hI caritra saMkaTa kA eka mukhya kAraNa hai aura TaiksacorI, bleka mArkeTa zrAdi anucita upAyoM se dhana kamAne kI tRSNA ko bar3hAvA de rahI hai ataH Avazyaka hai ki grAma janatA ko garIbI tathA utsadana meM sakSama rahane kI AvazyakatA kA vicAra rakhate hue rahana-sahana kA adhikatama stara niyata karake utpAdana ko tadanurUpa niyaMtrita kiyA jaH ve udAharaNa ke lie rahane ke makAnoM kA svara niyata kara diyA jAve, prApa va vyApAra ke lie jamIna va makAna rakhana para roka ho / rela, sinamA prAdi meM kevala eka zreNI ho / zakAkhAnoM meM kevala janarala va DaM hoM / gharelU upayoga ke lie praiveTa kAra rakhane para roka hA / lakjarI kAra rakhane kI ijAjata na ho| bilAsitA ke sAdhanoM se yukta kAI hoTala na yukta kAI hoTala na ho| laoNTariyoM tathA saTTe Adi se dhana kamAye dhana ko tRSNa paidA hotI hai, una para tathA zarAba jaisA hAnikara vastuoM para roka ho vilAsitA tathA vaibhava ko beza kImatI vastue ki jinheM dhano vyakti ho kharIda sakate haiM, sAdhAraNa prAya bAta nahIM, una para zaka ho isase dhanikoM kA dhana vaibhavazAlI jIvana bitAne ke lie nirupayogI ho jAvegA aura anaMtrika upAyoM se dhana kamAne kI tRSNa ko roka lagegI rUsa dhora phona ne prarambha meM aisA hI kiyA thaa| lokataMtra bhI tabhI saphala ho sakatA hai jaba utpAdana aura upabhoga ko samaSTi ke hita ke anurUpa niyaMtrita kiyA jaave| 4

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1-147 uparokta ke atirikta yaha bhI prAvazyaka hai ki ko prabhAvahIna kara diyA hai, ataH yaha prAvazyaka hai bekArI aura garIbI dUra karane ko dainika bhAvazya- ki dhArmika sAdhuproM mora netAmoM dvArA prAdhyAkatA kI vastuoM jaise vastra, ke utpAdana ke lie tmikatA aura kartavya bhAvanA ko pravAhita karane ke grAma svAvalambana para AdhArita artha-vyavasthA ko prayatna ke atirikta zAsana dvArA bhI utpAdana aura apanAyA jAve aura una udyogo se pratispardhA karane upabhoga ko niyaMtrita kiyA jAve tabhI cAritra vAle aura uparokta anusAra bajita vilAsitA saMkaTa aura vekArI tathA garIbI kI samasyA kA mAdi kI vastupoM ko utpanna karane vAle bar3e-bar3e nirAkaraNa kiyA jA skegaa| yahA~ yaha bhI spaSTa kArakhAnoM ke utpAdana ko deza meM na bikane diyaa| kara denA ucita hai ki pArizramika, lAbha mAdi para jAve, usase videzI RNa cukAyA jaave| niyatraNa kI koI prAvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoMki utpAdana tathA acchA se acchA kAma karane meM uparokta vivecana se pragaTa hogA ki pAzcAtya protsAhana dene ko yogyatA tathA kAma ke anurUpa bhautika vAdI pravAha ne svayaM sphUrta kartavya bhAvanA vetana, pArizramika tathA lAbha denA hI caahie| samimAe dhamme pAriehi paveie . AcArAMga sUtra 118 / 3 Arya mahApurusAM nai dharama kahyo hai| . atthegaiyAraNaM jIvANaM suttataM sAhU, atthegaiyAraNaM jIvANaM jAgariyattaM sAhU / / -bhagavatI sUtra 1 / 2 // 2 // adhArmika prAtamAvAM ro sUto raivaNo Accho ara dharamaniSTha pAtamAvA ro jAgato raivaNo Accho /

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zAradA statiH -prAcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ma. (drutavilaMbita chaMdaH) jinavarA-nana-nIraja nirgate ! zirasi te na hi kRSNatamAH kacA gaNadharaiH punarAdara saMzrite ! stvayi na te nilayaM parigamya vai sakala-satva-hitAya-vitAnite paramatAmasakA bahirAgatA tadanu te riti he! kila zAradai ! // 1 // iti sarasvati ! he ! kila me vacaH // 7 sakala-mAnava-moda-vidhAyinI ! vigatakalmaSabhAvaniketane ! madhura-bhASiNI ! sundara-rUpiNI! tavakRtA varabhaktiriyaM sadA gatamale ! dvaya-loka-sudhAriNI! vibhavadA zivadA pavibhUyatA mamamukhe vasa pApa-vidAriNI ! // 2 // miti mamAsti zizozzubhakAmanA // asi sadA hi viSakSaya-kAriNI zazikaleva sitAsi vinirmalA bhUvi kudRSTye'tivirAginI vikacakajajayakSamalocane ! kuru kRpAM karuNe karavallaki ! yadi na mAnavako'ti sukhAyate mayi vibhoH pada-paMkaja-SaTpade // 3 // svadavalokanamAtratayA katham upalajo nijabhAva maho yadA zazikalA vadanaprabhayA jitA surasayogata Azu vihAya saH nayanahAritayA tava zArade / kanakabhAvamupaiti samemi kiM' sapadi vaigatamAnatayetisA na zucibhAvamahaM tava yogataH // 4 // nakhamiSeNa tavAMdhriyugaMzritA // 10 jagati bhArati ? te'kSiyugaMkhalu kucayugaM tava mAna-miSeNa vai nayamiSeNa kumArgaratAgamam vitathamAnamataM paridRSya ca nayati hAsyapadaM na tadAsmaya jinamate gaditaM yatibhiH paraimayi ! vacomRtapUrNasarovare ! // 5 // yaditi sUcayatIha varaM hi tatU // 11 vRSajalena vareNa vRSApage iha sadA''svanitaM zubha-karmaNi zamaya tApamaho! mama dussaham bhavatu me caraNaM ca savartmani sukhamupaimi nijIyamapUrvakam jagati vaMdyata evaM sarasvatI :: drutamahaM laghudhIratha yena hi // 6 // tanudhiyA sadayA hyatha yA mayA / / sarasvatyai namaH / / // 12

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matyu nahIM.... nirvANa kyoM ? mAmataura se logoM ko marane kI anicchA rahatI hai phira bhI mRtyu TalatI nahIM cAhe use TAlane kI kitanI hI ko zaza kI jaay| marane ke bAda kyA hogA isa bAta kI kalpanA se hI mRtyu kA bhaya lagatA hai parantu anicchA rahate huye bhI maranA Avazyaka hotA hai / kucha viziSTa vyakti aise bhI hote haiM jinheM maraNa kA bhaya nahIM hotaa| marate samaya na to ve bhayabhIta hote haiM aura na hI marate samaya unheM jarA bhI kaSTa mahasUsa hotA hai / dhIraja ke sAtha purAne vastroM ke tyAga kI taraha ve isa zarIra ko chor3a dete haiN| unakA vaha maraNa, samAdhimaraNa kahalAtA hai / aisI mRtyugoM ke liye zoka nahIM kiyA jAtA balki utsaba manAyA jAtA hai| aise mahApuruSoM kA bhautika zarIra naSTa hokara mRtyu bhI lAgoM ko varSoM taka preraNA detI hai| isIliye use maraNa nahIM balki nirvANa kahA jAtA hai aura aise hI mahApuruSa kA hama 2500 vA~ nirvANa mahotsava manA rahe haiN| jo bAta Talane vAlI nahIM, use bhulAne se kucha lAbha nahIM isaliye mRtyu ko yAda rakhakara sAvadhAna rahanA aura apane jIvana ko phijUla va nirarthaka bAtoM meM na khapAnA hI zreyaskara hai / mRtyu kI smRti galA yoM aura aparAdhoM se bacAtI hai, apane jIvana ko saphala aura sArthaka banAne meM sahAyaka hotI hai| maraNa anivArya hai aura vaha kaba AyegA isakA patA na ho to hameM sAvadhAnI baratanI cAhie / kSaNa bhara kA pramAda bhI hAnikara hotA hai isa liye hameM aisA maraNa apanAnA cAhie jisase hama amara bana skeN| mahAbhArata meM eka saMvAda hai yudhiSThira maura yakSa kaa| yakSa yudhiSThira se prazna karatA hai : zrI riSabhavAsa rokA

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1-150 "duniyAM kA sabase bar3A zrAzcayaM kyA hai / " 1: yudhiSThira javAba dete haiM- "hara manuSya prati kSaNa mRtyu ke nikaTa jA rahA hai, vaha jAnatA hai ki use maranA par3egA phira bhI vaha apane ko amara mAnatA hai / yahI sabase bar3A zrAzcarya hai / sabhI dIrghakAla taka jInA cAhate haiM, mRtyu ko bhUla jAnA cAhate haiM kintu vaha kaba, kisa rAste se AyegI, koI nahIM jAnatA / zarIra kaba jAyegA patA nahIM / maraNa kA smaraNa azubha mAnA jAtA hai / manuSya marane kI sthiti meM hai phira bhI mRtyu nikaTa zraI hai. aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM samajhA jAtA / use sAvadhAna kara apanI mRtyu sudhArane kA avasara nahIM diyA jAtA / mRtyu ke viSaya meM pradhere meM rakhanA hI usakA hita samajhA jAtA hai, aisA karane meM hI usakI bhalAI samajhI jAtI hai mAnoM kucha kSaraNa vaha baca jAya to bahuta bar3I bAta ho gaI ho aisA samajhA lAtA hai jabaki kahA yaha jAtA hai ki mRtyu eka kSaNa ke liye bhI nahIM TAlI jAtI / jo bAta hone vAlI hai upe spaSTa batAkara use ThIka se vivekapUrvaka marane ke liye taiyAra karane meM hI usakA hita hai / jaba kisI ko yaha bAta mAluma ho jAya ki yaha saMsAra chor3a kara use jAnA hI hai to vaha na to bure kAma hI karegA, na hI bure vicAra mana meM Ane degA | phira usake mana meM kisI bhI cIja kA moha nahIM jgegaa| vaha aisA maraNa apanAyegA jisameM mara kara bhI amara huA jA sakatA hai / maraNa sudhArane ke liye pUrva taiyArI rakhanI caahiye| mararaNa ke svarUpa ko samajha kara use vivekapUrvaka apanAne kA abhyAsa karanA cAhie / akasmata asAvadhAnI meM mRtyu Ave isake badale hama usake liye apanI pUrI taiyArI kara sAvadhAna raheM yaha adhika iSTa hai / manuSya kA jIne kA moha mRtyu ko prayatna pUrvaka bhulAne kI koziza karAtA hai| mAnava jAti ne mRtyu kI yAda ko bhulA kara aba taka bahuta khoyA hai / usake hAtha se na hone jaise kAma huye haiM, hote haiM aura bhaviSya meM bhI hoMge / mRtyu anivArya hai aura kaba AyegI isakA patA ho to manuSya adhika sAvadhAnI barate, yaha svAbhAvika hI hai / usake pazcAt avyavasthA yA gar3abar3I na ho aisI vyavasthA vaha kare yaha svAbhAvika hai / bhaviSya kI cintA na rahakara, mRtyu zrAve taba sahaja bhAva se purAne vastroM kI bhAMti zarIra tyAga de va mRtyu na bhAve taba taka vizuddha jIvana jIe / vyavahAra kuzala vyakti apane bAda avyavasthA na ho isaliye vasIyata banA kara rakha dete haiM / romana logoM meM to vasIyata na likhakara maranA prasaMskAritA samajhI jAtI thI aura yaha bAta ThIka bhI hai / vasIyata likhakara na jAne se hone vAle duSpariNAmoM se hama aparicita nahIM hai / yaha vasIyata kevala bhautika sampatti kI hI nahIM apitu prAdhyAtmika bhI hotI hai / kahate haiM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apanA antima upadeza uttarAdhyayana praharoM taka eka zrAsana para baiTha kara diyA thA / jo grAja bhI prakAza detA hai / bur3hApe meM mRtyu kI saMbhAvanA adhika bar3ha jAtI hai isalie lena-dena va vyavasAya bhI buDhApe meM kama denA hitakara hotA hai| jisakA RNa yA karja ho de diyA jaay| kisI kA yadi hama para ahasAna ho to bhI cukA denA caahie| hamArI bAtacIta se kisI kI kucha bhI apekSAeM paidA huI ho to vaha bhI pUrI kara denI caahie| sabhI taraha ke karja yA vacana cukA dene caahie| diye huye AzvAsana adhUre na raheM isakI sAvadhAnI baratanI cAhie / bAtacIta itanI sAvadhAnI se kareM ki kisI ke mana meM koI apekSA na jage / diyA huA karja, samajha lenA cAhie ki vaha Ane vAlA nahIM / A jAya to acchA aura na Aye to usake liye kSobha nahIM karanA cAhiye /

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1-161 apakAra ko bhUla jAnA cAhie aura kisI ke pracchA / hamAre liye dUsaroM ko kama kaSTa ho isakA prati prazubha bhAva ho to unheM jar3amala se nikAla dhyAna rkheN| denA caahie| prANImAtra ke prati samasA va maitrI cIjoM kA upayoga kama karane se sahaja meM bhAva rhe| mana meM kisI ke prati bhI dveSa, tiraskAra santoSa bar3hatA hai / mAnava jIvana kI sase bar3I kalA yA IrSyA evaM krodha na rahe / mana vizuddha aura nirmala yaha hai ki hama jaisa haiM vese apane Apako samajha kara rhe| isIliye prANImAtra kI kSamA mAMga kara bhUta jIvana jInA / hama apanI sthitiyoM ke prati sajaga. mAtra ke prati maitrI kA saMkalpa kiyA jAtA hai| apramatta aura sd| sAvadhAna rahakara prApta paristhibAhya kI taraha hI antara ke zatra moM jaise rAga, tiyo ke anusAra jIvana claayeN| apane bhUnakAla dveSa, kaSAya, ahaMtA-mamatA, spardhA, vAsanA-vikAroM kI bhavyatA kI yAdoM ko bhulA deM, bhaviSya kI se mukti pAne kA prayAsa kiyA jAya / sabake kalpanAmA kA tyAga kareM aura vatamAna ko acchA kalyANa kI hI kAmanA mana meM rahe aura citta zuddha banAne kI koziza kareM, vartamAna ke prati sAmajasya rahe jisase marate samaya sahaja nirmala bhAva se zarIra rakhakara prApta paristhiti ko acchA banane kA syAga jA ske| prayAsa kreN| prApta paristhiti meM santoSa maaneN| pravRttiyoM ko sameTa lenA cAhie athavA yogya bur3hAye meM jIvana ko nirUpAdhika banAnA, use vyaktiyoM ko sauMpa denI caahie| sadpravattiyoM ke adhika sayamI va niyatrita banAne meM hI kalyANa hai| moha se bhI bacanA caahie| satkArya kareM bhI to sabhI taraha kI aiSaNAmoM ko tyAganA hI usa meM prAsakti na ho| hitakara hai| putra'SaNA, artheSaNA, lokapaNA ma sa bur3hApe meM zarIra nirbala hotA hai, indriyAM lokeSaNA kA tyAga sabase kaThina hotA hai / ki tu zithila ho jAtI hai, jIvanI-zakti ghaTatI jAtI anya sabhI aiSaNApro kI taraha hI l.kessnn| bhI hai| isa vAstavikatA ko dhyAna meM rakha kara yadi vyartha, nirarthaka va hAnikara h| hai |kyoki vaha mAnapahale kI taraha hI pravRttiyAM cAlU rakheM to ve ThIka sika svAsthya kA nAza karatI hai| na hokara mana ko asantoSa aura samAja ko hAni hI bur3hApe meM nIMda kama pAtI hai| zarIra bhI adhika pahaMcAtI hai| hAtha meM cIja ko sambhAlane kI zakti kAma karane meM akSama hotA hai| samaya khAlI rahatA na rahe to use chor3a denA hI zreyaskara hotA hai| hai, usa samaya kA sadupayoga svAdhyAya, cintana aura yogya samaya para nivatta honA hI lAbhadAyaka hotA dhyAna meM kare / mana ko khAlI na rkheN| bur3hApe kI aura baDhApA vivekapUrvaka bitAne se maraNa sudhara cintA aura choTI pora tuccha bAtoM ko yAda karanA jAtA hai| duHkhadAyI hI hotA hai| jIvana meM jo kucha bhI bUDhApe meM zarIra ThIka rahanA ho to AhAra kA acchA bana par3A ho usako yAda karake santoSa saMyama Avazyaka hai| jIvana-saMdhyA kI AkhirI mAnanA cAhie / usase prasannatA kA anubhava karanA meM prAhAra prAsAnI se paca jAya aisA lenA caahiy| cAhie / jIvana meM bhI kucha azubha ho gayA usakI bhojana, niyama se aura mAtrA kama ho / rAtri meM yAda kara pachatAvA karanA cAhie / bhUloM se zikSA bhojana TAlA jAya / pAhAra itanA hI leM jinakA grahaNa karanI cAhie, jisake prati bhI anyAya hupA zarIra para duSpariNAma na ho, bhojana aisA kareM ho usakA parimArjana kara kSamA mAMga kara mana kI jisase moTApA mora vajana na baDhe / svAdaza saphAI kara lenI caahiye| adhika na khaaye| jina cIjoM ke banAne meM adhika hama para jinakA upakAra huA, jinhoMne hamAre samaya lagatA ho aisA bhojana bhI TAlA jA sake to hita meM kucha kiyA unake prati kRtajJatA pragaTa karanI

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1-162 cAhie aura unakA RNa cukAne kA prayAsa karanA hogA yaha usI ke kAryoM para pravalaMbita hotA hai / paahiye| jaba hama zubha saMkalpa karate haiM to zubha saMkalpoM ke hamArI zakti ghaTa rahI hai / hama dUsaroM kA pravAha usa vyakti ke hRdaya meM pahuMca kara use zubha hita yA sevA karane meM bhI apane Apako azakta kI preraNA dete haiM / hamAre samasta saMkalpa vAsanA. pAte haiM / isalie dUsaroM kI kama se kama sevA leN| vikAra se rahita hoM usameM kisI prakAra ahaMtA kisI para bojharUpa na bane, kisI ke mana meM aprIti yA mamatA na ho to ve zuddha saMkalpa atyanta prabhAvana jage aisA vyavahAra karanA caahie| cAroM ora kArI hote haiM / jo nizcita hI dUsaroM kA hita prema kA saurabha phaina aisI hI koziza kreN| karate haiN| ___saMsAra me aura khAsa kara bur3hApe meM sevaka yA nivRtti tabhI kalyANaprada hotI hai jaba usameM naukara-cAkaroM kI sahAyatA bahuta upayogI rAga-dveSa aura pakSapAta na ho / sabake prati kalyANa aura sukhakara hotI hai isalie unheM santuSTa rakhanA, kI bhAvanA ho| kisI prakAra kA svArtha yA kAmanA unake dukhadada meM kAma AnA tathA unake sAtha nahIM ho / inhIM saba zubha bhAvanAoM se maraNa sArthaka acchA bartAva karanA cAhie isameM hamArA bhI hita va saphala hotA hai| haiM aura dUsaroM kI bhI prasannatA / jaba mRta vyakti kI smRti vyApaka tathA dIrghabacco kI bhAvanA kA khyAla kara, unake kAlIna hotI hai tabhI maraNa sArthaka hotA hai kAmoM meM hastakSepa na kara unakI zakti kA vikAsa kyoMki marane ke bAda bhI samAja meM smRtirUpa meM ruci, iccha va zakta ke anusAra hone denA manuSya jIvita rahatA hai| manuSya ke kArya bhora cAhiye / unheM upadeza na dekara ve mAMge taba ucita vicAroM kA prabhAva samAja para hotA hai / kaI bAra salAha denI ca hiye va unakA icchA ke anukUla, to jIvita avasthA se bhI mRtyu ke bAda adhika unheM bojha na mAlUma de aisA javAba de jo baccoM para prabhAva hotA hai| hakUmata na karate huye unako buddhi ko jaMce aisI jaba manuSya isa prakAra kaSAya, moha, mamatA bAta sahaja rUpa se samajha veM / ve na mAneM to burA na aura mahaMtA se mukta hokara samAdhi-maraNa kI mAneM / unameM prema aura Adara baDhAne kA yahI upAya sAdhanA karatA hai to, vaha mutyu nirvANa bana jAtI hai| pAkhira to saba kucha naI pIr3hI ko hI sauMpa hai, jo anekoM ke mana meM nirvANa prApti kI preraNA kara jAnA hai| kyoM na hama apane samakSa hI unheM jAgRta karatI hai| kAma karane kA avasara dekara suyogya banAveM / kAma bhagavAna mahAvIra kI bhautika deha bhale hI karane se hI to zikSA milatI hai| kuzalatA mAtI 2600 sAla pahale naSTa ho gayI thI kintu phira hai| kAma bigar3e to bhI bigar3ane deM para unako apanI bhI ve pramara haiM, unakI mRtyu hamAre hRdaya meM nirvANa buddhi kA upayoga karane kA avasara deN| , prApti kI jyoti jagAne prAja bhI sakSama hai tabhI to jaba taka hamameM zakti to hama dUsaroM kI bhalAI . hama nirvANa mahotsava manA kara unake batAye huye kareM para jaba vaha zakti na rahe to apanI zubha rAste para jAne ke liye prayatnazIla hai| bhAvanAe aura satsaMkalpa ke dvArA dUsaroM ke kalyANa . yadi hama maraNa kI, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kI kAmanA kreN| pratyakSa zarIra ke dvArA bhI huI jaisI hI taiyArI kara nirvANa prApti meM prayatnazIla sahAyatA se zubha saMkalpa kI zakti kama nahIM hotI baneM to vaha hamArI unake prati saccI zraddhAMjalI kyoMki pAkhira kisI kA bhalA honA pora nahIM hogii| .

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sarvodaya nadharma tIrtha nAma ghATa kA hai jisase vizva ke sabhI prANI apane lakSya paramazAnti sukha ko prApta kara skeN| "jo tribhuvana meM jIva anaMta, sukha cAheM dukhate bhayavanta" yAnI jitane bhI jIvadhArI haiM, ve sabhI sukha cAhate haiM aura dukha se Darate hai / isa liye aise ghATa (tIrtha) kI jarUrata thI jahAM se savAra hokara pratyeka prANI apanA abhyudaya kara sake, apanA vikAsa kara sake, aura apanA kalyANa kara ske| jisameM varga bheda na ho, jAti bheda na ho, kula aura vaibhava kI bhI mahattA na ho| kintu guNoM kA samAdara ho / jisameM kramazaH vikAsa va utthAna karane kA samAdhAna ho| ye saba bAteM jainadharma meM samAviSTa haiM, saMgrahIta hai| isaliye jainadharma hI vastutaH sarvodaya tIrtha hai / isI ke sahAre tuccha se tuccha prANI apane kAryakrama se apanA uttarottara vikAsa karatA hagrA prAtmA se paramAtmA bana sakA hai| aneka pazu-pakSiyoM taka.ne mAtma tatva ko prApta kara apanA utthAna kiyA hai| zAstroM meM isake aneka udAharaNa bhare par3e haiM / jainadharma ke vartamAna cauvIsI tIrthakara paraMparA meM 24veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra hI isake jIte jAgate subUta hai| jinakA utthAna siMha (zera) kI paryAya se huvA thaa| jinendra deva kI, RSi muniyoM kI jainadharma anuprANita dharma dezanA dvArA jinheM prAtma bodha havA. aura jisase unhoMne apane galata ravaiyA ko tyAga kara saMyama rUpa jIvana banAyA / apanA pUrNa vikAsa kara siddhAlaya (mokSa) ko prApta kiyA hai| svargAdika prApta kiye haiN| aise anaMta udAharaNa zAstroM meM pariNata hai| meMr3haka totA-nakula zRgAla, bandara, ghor3A, Adi aneka bodhahIna pazu-pakSiyoM ne bodha prApta kara use apane jIvana meM utAra kara zrI rAjakumAra zAstrI, nivAI, saMcAlaka akhila vizva jaina mizana

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1-166 anupama sukha to prApta kiye hI haiN| sAtha hI aba jainadharma kI mAnyatA hai, ki padArtha anekAntAtmaka ve bhaviSya meM mokSa meM jaavege| ye jainadharma ke sau. hai (guNAtmaka hai) prataH eka pakSa ko hI pUrNa padArtha dayI hone kA pravatna pramANa hai| jainadharma prANI ma na baMThanA ThIka nahIM hai| dUsare bhI guNa tatva meM mAtra kA kalyANa cAhatA hai| sabhI kA utthAna hai| jise dUsarA pragaTa karatA hai| ataH use bhI paura abhyudaya cAhatA hai| usameM kisI bhI taraha tuma jhUThA kaise kahoge ? prataH sa pekSa dRSTi se donoM kI cahAra dovArI yA gherAbandI nahI hai / janadhama ko hI mAnyatA sahI hai| padArthoM ke svarUpa ko sahI dRSTi detA hai| yathArtha jJAna pradAna karatA hai| nirNaya karane meM aura unameM sAmaMjasya bi biThane meM mora jJAna, vairAgya, mora sayama para ArUr3ha hokara anekAntAtmaka dRSTi hI sahI hai / janaghanake "mAge bar3hate calo" kA mAhvAnana karatA hai / isa ahiMsA siddhAnta ko pUjya rASTrapitA ma. gAMdhI ne dharma meM sabase bar3I khUbI hai| prANI mAtra para dayA / pUrNa svatatratA saMgrAma meM prayogAtmaka rUpa dekara dRSTi rakhanA / kisI bhI taraha kisI bhI prANo ko| aura usakI saphalatA kI prApti se ahiMsA kI na mAranA na unheM satAnA / jhUTha na bolanA / na / upayogitA prAtaSTA aura mahattA sAre vizva meM corI karanA / vyabhicAra na karA / mAvazyakatA se / phailAI hai| baMra se baira nahIM miTegA / ahiMsA hI se adhika kisI bhI cIja kA (dhana jamIna mAAda) yaha sabhava ho sakegA ? kaise sarvodayI kalyANakArI saMgraha na kro| peTa bharo peTI mata bhro| zarAba u deza haiM ? kitane hRdayagrAhI haiM ? yadi mAja bhI mAdi sabhI nazAlA vastuoM kA tyAga kraa| zarAba sI samasya e sulajhAnI hai to jainadhama ke upase na jAne kitane parivAra samApta ho gaya hai / aura dezoM ke anusAra calanA hA hgaa| kAkA kAlelaniratara ho rahe haiN| hameM prasannatA hai ki hamArI kara ne ThIka hI kahA hai, ki jainadharma ke siddhAntoM ke nyAyApraya sarakAra kA bhI aba zarAbabandI kAyaM kI pracAra prasAra se hI vizva kalyANa tathA zAnti kI mora dhyAna gayA hai| isI taraha mAsa khAnA karatA sthAnA hogii| ko berahamI ko janma detA hai| prata: isa kabhI mata prAja kA mAnava kitanA badala gayA hai| dharma khAprA / beImAnI anAcAra, kadAcAra, pratiSTha ke ko aphIma kI golI batAtA hai aura dharma se dUra vinAzaka haiN| ataH inheM sevana na kro| bharanI hotA jA rahA hai / Aja mAtra dikha vaTI hI dharma icchAnoM ko tRSNA ko sayamita kro| icchAe raha gayA hai| aura bAhya kriyA kAMDoM taka hI manata haiN| ve kabhI kisI kI pUrI nahIM huI hai| sobhita ho rahA hai| antakaraNa meM paura vyavahAra ina se duHkha aura asaMtoSa to bar3hatA hI hai / sAya meM bhI (prAcaraNa meM) nahIM utAra rahA hai| patanonmukha hI adhika saMgraha rakhane se dUsare loga inase vacita hone kA eka mAtra yahI kAraNa hai| raha jAte haiN| unakA zoSaNa hotA hai / ve prabhAva pAna yadi koI azAnti vadhaMka prANI hai to ke kAraNa cIjoM se vaMcita raha jAte hai| phalaprabha.va vaha mAnava hai| eka mAnava dUsare mAnava kA zatra grasita naMge, bhUkhe, logoM meM asaMtoSa phailatA hai| banA huA hai| manuSyoM kA jitanA sahAra nirdayatA aura taba lUTa-pATa Adi ke upadrava hote haiM / aura ke sAtha apane svArtha ke liye manuSya ne kiyA hai| prazAMti phailatI hai| prataH jainadharma kA bhAgraha apanI utanA kabhI kisI ne nahIM kiyaa| manuSya ne hI icchAmoM ko sImita karane kA hai / jainadharma se phojoM dvArA vina za kArya kraayaa| manuSya ne hIsaMtulita aura sukhI jIvana yApana ke liye vivAroM aise saMhAraka zastrAstra banAye / jinase kucha hI meM anekAntAtmaka citavana diyA hai / jisase sabhI samaya meM sAra vizva kA sahAra ho sakatA hai| dhArmika vAdoM ke jhagar3e vivAda naSTa ho jAte haiN| manuSya ne hI vana ke ekAnta pradeza meM basane vAle

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1-158 hai| aise niraparAdha pazu-pakSiyoM ko bhI nahIM bkhshaa| kAla niyata nahIM kara sakA hai| vartamAna caubIsI / una para aneka julma kiye aura unako mAra kara bhI tIrthakara paramparA meM sarva prathama tIrthaMkara RSabha khA gayA aura khA rahA hai| aura phira bhI apane deva ne kevala udbodhana diyA thaa| nirmANa nhiiN| mApako sarvazreSTha prANI ghoSita karatA hai| mAnava unhoMne apane avadhibala se jo dUrastha videhAdi meM yadi mAnavatA samApta ho jAve, to mAnava aura kSetroM meM jaisI vyavasthA jAnI thI usI kA rUpa pazu meM koI antara nahIM raha jAtA hai / jI aneka yahAM batAyA thaa| antima tIrthakara bhagavAna mahA mAnavAkRti vAle kumaniyoM ne isa prakAra ke kRtya vIra ne unhIM kI vANI ko prasArita kiyA thaa| kiye haiM. vahAM aneka mahAmAnavoM ne prAne cintana racanA nahIM kI thiiN| tIrthaMkaroM kI paramparA bhI aura manana dvArA prANI mAtra ke hita kAraka mArga sadA se calo pAI hai| bhUta aura vartamAna kI taraha darzana to diyA hI hai| sAtha hI unake saMrakSaNArtha caubIsa tIrthaMkara bhaviSya meM bhI utpanna hote raheMge, prayogAtmaka upAya bhI batAye hai| jaina dharma ne to prAja kA mAnava bhautikavAdI bana gayA hai, dharma ko sAre vizva ke kalyANArtha aisI bhAvanA jAgrata kI vyathaM aura praphIma kI golI kI taraha mAna rahA hai hai ki yadi usa para amala kiyA. jAve to vizva . usakI mAnyatA hai dharma adharma kucha nahIM hai| ye kI sArI samasyAyeM hI samApta ho jAveM aura sabhI saba mAyA jAla logoM ko bhaTakAne aura bhulAveM meM saMtoSI mora sampanna bana jaaveN| ' DAlane ke sivAya kucha nahIM hai| kitanI viparItatA 3 hai| kitanI apUrNa aura galata dhAraNA hai| vartamAna yahAM maiM vizvAsa ke sAtha kaha sakatA hU~ ki paristhitiyoM meM mAnava ke jIvana kA prAmUla mAja ke sabhI rASTra jaina vicAradhArA para thor3A sA pariSkAra karanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai / tabhI unake bhI anucintana yadi gabhIratA ke sAtha kareMge. to bhramita vicAra htteNge| aura tabhI vizva kA pratyeka niHsaMdeha unheM isameM sAre vizva kI sabhI samasyAoM prANI sarvodaya pravartaka bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dezanA kA samAdhAna sugamatA se mila jAvegA / jaina dharma ko; aura unake prarUpita siddhAntoM kI upayogitA anAdi kAla se hI hai| isakI utpatti kA koI aura mahatva ko samajha skegaa|

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kyoM na bahe jJAna jyoti dhArA tor3a andhakArA kyoM na bahe jJAna jyoti dhArA maha zatru anta meM bhAI roka rahA saMgati khoda khAI lekara vairAgya kA kuThArA kyoM na kareM moha kSAra sArA tor3a andhakArA svajanoM kA moha nahIM chUTA bane yahI dasyu hameM lUTA pahile hI kyoM nahIM vicArA sira para hai dharA pApa-bhArA tor3a andhakArA moha kI phasala jitanI boI utanI pUMjI ghara kI khoI rAga-dveSa uga rahe apArA karma-zatru kA udaya hamArA tor3a andhakArA phala - svarUpa jIva bahuta bhaTakA laharoM meM phaMsA DUba aTakA pAna sakA hAya phira kinArA jJAnI ne moha ko pachAr3A tor3a andhakArA DA0 * chaila bihArI gupta (ujjaina) kyoM na bahe jJAna jyoti dhArA

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mahAvIra kAla meM sAmAjika vyavasthA DA0 zrI kastUracandra kAsalIvAla bhagavAna mahAvIra kA yuga prAja se 2500 varSoM se bhI pahale kA yuga thA / ve aise yuga meM paidA hue the jaba deza kI rAjanIti eva samAja evaM artha vyavasthA meM dharma nIti kA sabase adhika prabhAva, thA / mahAvIra ke kaivalya ke pUrva deza meM vibhinna dharma the / inameM vaidika, zramaraNa, zrAjIvaka evaM bauddha dharma ke nAma vizeSataH ullekhanIya the / saMjayabelaTThi pUrNakAzyapa makkhalI gozAla, buddha Adi sabhI prapane prApako sarvajJa ghoSita karate the maura unhoMne vaidika dharma ke atirikta bhI bhinna-bhinna dharma sthApita kara liye the / mahAvIra ke pUrva hone vAle 23veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ne jisa dharma kA samAja ko upadeza diyA thA usake anuyAyI bhI sImita saMkhyA meM the / kintu zramaNa saMgha unnati kI bhora nahIM thA | jAtivAda evaM varNAzrama prathA kA sabase adhika thaa| brAhmaNa, kSatriya evaM vaizya jAti hI dvija zabda kA prayoga kara sakatI thI aura ve hI dhArmika vidhi vidhAna sampanna karane kI adhikAriNI samajhI jAtI thI / mahAvIra kA yuga kriyAkAMDa kA yuga thA / purohitavAda kA samAja para pUrNa prabhAva thA / rAjA mahArAjAoM ke darabAra meM bhI inakA bolabAlA thA aura zAsana ke pratyeka kArya meM unakA praveza thaa| dhArmika bhAvanAeM zraddhA evaM sad dhanuSThAna ke sthAna para aMdha vizvAsa, hiMsA evaM pracalita rUDhiyoM ko puSTa kara nahI thI / " yathArthaM pazavaH sraSTAH evaM vaidikI hiMsA hiMsA na bhavati" jaise sUtroM kI racanA kara lI gayI thI / rAjA zakti ke puMja the| unakI AjJA IzvarIya prAjJA hotI thI / varNAzrama vyavasthA ke niyantraraNa ke kAraNa

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1-168 sabase adhika kharAba sthiti antima varNa vAloM kI ko amAnya ghoSita kiyaa| mahAvIra kA kahanA thA thii| ve pUrNa rUpa se tIna varNa vAloM ke prAzrita ki janma se na koI brAhyaNa hai aura na kSatriya na the| samAja meM unakA na koI sthAna thA aura na koI vaizya hai aura na koI zUdra / kintu apane karmoM sammAna / dharma ke atirikta vikAsa ke kArya mI ke mAdhAra para inakA vibhAjana kiyA jAnA unake lie banda the| unakA kArya to kevala sevA caahie| isake atirikta unhoMne yaha bhI kahA ki karanA hI raha gayA thaa| zikSA para eka varNa kA ghRNA pApa se karo pApI se nahIM kyoMki ghRNA hiMsA adhikAra thaa| usase kSatriya va vaizya vaMcita rahate kI pRSTha bhUmi hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne muni evaM the| veda va smRti par3hane kA to prazna hI nahIM thaa| prAyikA ke liye mahAvrata evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikA ke samAja meM paraspara ghRNA, dveSa evaM kalaha kA vAtA- lie aNuvrata ko jIvana meM utArane para bala diyaa| varaNa vyApta thA evaM naitika mUlyoM meM ekadama hiMsA karanA, asatya bolanA, corI karanA, prasadAgirAvaTa mA gayI thii| sAdhAraNa AdamI bhI apanI cArI jIvana vyatIta karanA tathA mAvazyakatA se jIvikA prarjana meM hI lagA rahatA thaa| unakA adhika vastuoM kA saMcaya karanA nindanIya hai aura manobala gira cukA thA isaliye vaha ucca varNa ke inase pratyeka manuSya ko bacanA caahie| sAdhuoM ke atyAcAroM ko sahana kara letA thaa| lie ina pApoM ko pUrNa rUpa se tyAgane kA upadeza bhagavAna mahAvIra ne 12 varSa taka ghora sAdhanA diyA / vAstava meM jisa samAja ko ina burAiyoM se ke sAtha-sAtha deza ko sAmAjika evaM dhArmika pUrNa rUpa se athavA eka deza rUpa se mukti mila pravasthA kA gaharA pradhyayana kiyA tathA apanI jAve vaha samAja svataH hI svastha samAja bana sAdhanA pUrNa hone para ve deza meM svastha samAja kI jaayegaa| jisa samAja meM naitikatA kA mUlya ho racanA meM laga gye| unhoMne sarvaprathama samAja meM vahIM samAja svastha samAja hai| vyApta hiMsA kA ghora virodha kiyA aura ahiMsA mahAvIra ke yuga meM bhI dhana kI pUjA apanI dharma ke paripAlana para sarvAdhika jora diyaa| carama sImA para thii| kucha loga sampanna the to unhoMne aise samAja nirmANa kA upadeza diyA jisameM adhikAMza samAja vipanatA se grasta thA / antima mAnava hI nahIM pazu pakSI taka binA kisI bhaya evaM varNa vAloM kA jIvana, rahana sahana, khAnapAna UMcI pAzaMkA se jIvana yApana kara skeN| unhoMne kahA jAti kahalAne vAloM ke hAthoM meM thaa| ve hI unake ki siA kevala jIvoM kA vadha nahIM karane taka bhAgya vidhAtA the| mahAvIra ne. sabako jIvana meM hI sImita nahIM hai kintu paraspara meM eka dUsare ko aparigraha kA upadeza diyaa| ve nimrantha the / tila nIcA UMcA mAnanA, ghRNA karanA, choTe AdamI tuSa mAtra bhI unakA apanA nahIM thaa| unhoMne kA tiraskAra karanA evaM apane meM ahaM bhAva rakhanA sAmAjika jIvana meM saMcaya manovRti kA virodha saba hiMsA meM sammilita haiN| mAnava mAtra se prema kiyaa| usako nindanIya btlaayaa| adhika saMcaya karanA saccI ahiMsA hai| kyoMki jaise hameM apanA manovRtti meM hiMsA, asatya, corI, anaitikatA evaM jIvana priya hai vaise hI dUsaroM ko bhI priya hai| lobha jaisI burAiyoM ko protsAhama milatA hai| isa isalie samAja meM kisI bhI jIva kA ghAta nahIM manovRtti se kabhI pArivArika va kabhI sAmAjika kiyA jAnA caahiye| zAnti naSTa hotI hai| unhoMne dezavAsiyoM ko " mahAvIra ne sampUrNa samAja ko muni, prAyikA, utanA hI dhana saMcaya karane kA upadeza diyA jitanA zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA ina cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kama se kama meM sAmAjika va dhArmika dAyitva pUrA kiyA tathA cAra varSoM meM vibhAjita samAja racanA ho ske| usa yuga meM 363 matamatAntara the| aura

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se sabhI apane prApako utkRSTa evaM dUsaroM ko nocA mAnate the / samAja meM dharma evaM darzana ko lekara prAye dina zAstrArtha hote the / svayaM gautama gaNadhara banane se pUrva vaidika kriyAkAMDI vidvAna thA aura apane jJAna ko sarvazreSTha mAnatA thA / zAstrArthoM se - zAnti ke sthAna para prazAnti hI hAtha lagatI thI aura paraspara meM ghRNA evaM dveSa kA vAtAvaraNa bana jAtA thaa| yahI nahIM eka dUsare ke anuyAyiyoM meM paraspara TakarAva kA bhaya banA rahatA thA / vaicArika sahiSNutA to unameM jarA bhI nahIM bacI thI / isalie mahAvIra ne jagata ko anakAnta siddhAnta ke mAdhyama se samanvaya dRSTikAraNa ko apanAne para bala diyA / unhoMne kahA ki dhArmika sahiSNutA deza evaM samAja ke vikAsa meM sabase zrAvazyaka tatva hai / sabhI dharma acche haiM kintu unameM phailA huA prAgrahavAda sabase burA hai / vAstava meM vyakti kisI vastu ke jisa satya ko samajhatA hai vaha pUrNa satya nahIM hai kintu vaha prAMzika satya hai / vaha usake jJAna va mAnyatAnoM kA satya hai / vastu ke anya pakSa bhI satya haiM isaliye dUsare ke dRSTikoNa ko samajhakara AcaraNa karanA samAja ke sadasyoM kA prathama kartavya haiN| mahAvIra ne deza evaM samAja meM zAnti evaM ekatA rakhane ke liye sarva dharma samabhAva para jora diyA / vyakti evaM samAja ko sabhI dharmoM kA prAdara karanA sikhalAyA tathA eka dUsare se prema karane para jora diyA / mahAvIra kAla meM nArI samAja kI bhI cintanIya sthiti thI / use samAja meM ucita sthAna prApta nahIM thA tathA use hIna evaM upekSA bharI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA thA / vaha zikSA se to vaMcita thI hI kintu Atma sAdhanA kA bhI koI adhikAra nahIM thA / dAsI prathA kA jora thA aura rAjamahaloM evaM dhaniyoM ke yahAM dAsiyoM kI lAina lagI rahatI thI, striyoM kA khule bAjAra meM kraya vikraya hotA thA / svayaM candanabAlA ko bhI isa prathA kA zikAra 4-109 honA par3A thA aura vaha rAjamahaloM se bikatI huI eka zreSThi ke hAthoM meM mA gayI thI / dAsiyAM bhI kitanI hI prakAra kI hotI thI inameM ghAya, krItadAsI, kuladAsI, nAtidAsI mAdi ullekhanIya thI ! dAsI prathA kA pracalana na kevala suvidhA ke lie thA kintu dAsI rakhanA vaibhava evaM pratiSThA kI nizAnI samajhA jAtA thA / dAsI prathA ke sAtha samAja meM gaNikA prathA kA bhI jora thA / bauddha bhAgamoM ke anusAra mamrapAlI vaMzAlI gaNarAjya kI pradhAna nagara vadhu thI / gaNikAyeM manuSya ko vAsanA tRpti kA zikAra banatI tho tathA samAja meM ghRNA eva tira kAra kA pAtra banatI thI / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne nArI ko samAja meM vahI sthAna dene ko kahA jo kisI eka puruSa ko prApta hai / sarva prathama unhoMne ber3I pahine huI dAsI candana bAlA se AhAra grahaNa kara dAsI jAti ko hI nahIM kintu nArI mAtra ko samAja meM ucita sthAna diyA / mahAvIra ne isI candanabAlA ko apanI sAdhvI saMgha kI pramukha banA kara dAsiyoM se ghRNA karane vAle samAja para gaharI coTa kI tathA samAja meM unheM ucita sthAna dene para bala diyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne rAjA zreNika kI rAnI celanA ko zrAvikA saMgha kI pradhAna banA kara paraspara ke varNa bheda ko samApta kiyA / unhoMne apane saMgha meM nArI mAtra ko ucita sthAna diyA aura unheM grAtma sAdhanA kI pUrNa svataMtratA dI / jainAgamoM meM patnI ko ghammasahAyA arthAt dharma kI sahAyikA mAnA gayA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMgha meM chattIsa hajAra sAdhviyoM thI jinameM sabhI varga kI mahilAyeM thI / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke yuga meM adha vizvAsoM, mUr3hatAoM evaM jhUThe camatkAroM kA jora thA / koI bhI vyakti yA sAdhu prazikSita evaM dharma niSTha vyaktiyoM ko dharmaM ke nAma para athavA camatkAra ke nAma para Thaga liyA karatA thA / yajJoM ko svarga prApti kA sAdhana batalAyA jAtA thA tathA usase devI devatAnoM ke prasanna hone kI bAta kahI jAtI

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1180 thii| pazubalI to sAmAnya bAta thii| bhagavAna usa yuga kI sAmAjika vyavasthA meM bhASA mahAvIra to krAMtikArI the| unhoMne aise kAryoM krAMti kI eka aura kar3I bhagavAna mahAvIra meM kA ghora virodha kiyA aura janatA ke sAmane jodd'ii| unake yuga meM saMskRta bhASA kI pradhAnatA ahiMsA pradhAna dharma pratipAdana kiyA / mahAvIra ne avazya thI kintu vaha jana sAdhAraNa se apanA samAja ke pratyeka vyakti se ratnatraya yukta jIvana sambandha kho cukI thii| saMskRta kevala eka varga vyatIta karane para jora diyaa| mahAvIra ke ratnatraya vizeSa kI bhASA bana kara raha gayI thI aura uma hai-samyak darzana, samyak jJAna evaM samyak caaritr| varga ne hI samAja meM apanA prabhutva kAyama rakhane ke samAja ke pratyeka vyakti ko mUr3hatAmoM evaM ahaMkAra lie usake vistAra ke sabhI dvAra banda kara diye yukta jIvana se mukti dilAne ke lie unhoMne the| unheM hI usake adhyayana adhyApana kI suvidhA samyaka darzana kA pratipAdana kiyaa| unhoMne loka thI aura ve hI usakA prayoga karane ke adhikArI mUr3hatA, evaM guru mUr3hatAmoM ke bAre meM kahalAne lage the| isaliye bhagavAna mahAvIra ne samAja ko pAgAha kiyaa| unhoMne kahA ki nadiyoM usI bhASA ko apanAyA jo viziSToM kI nahIM meM snAna karane meM zucitA mAnanA tathA snAna se thii| unhoMne prardhamagadhI ko apanAyA jo usa samaya puNya marjana karane meM vizvAsa karanA mUr3hatA hai| loka bhASA thI jisameM UrjA thI tathA jo jana-jana devI devatAoM kI zaktiyoM meM vizvAsa karanA deva ko jor3ane vAlI thii| mahAvIra ne apane sabhI mUr3hatA hai tathA sAdhu evaM sanyAsiyoM ke camatkAroM meM vizvAsa karanA guru mUr3hatA hai| isI taraha unhoMne sandezoM evaM pravacanoM meM ardhamAgadhI bhASA kAhI ahakAra kI manovRti ko nindanIya batAyA tathA prayoga kiyaa| mahAvIra kI isa bhASA krAMti ne samAja meM apanI buddhi kA mahaMkAra, dharma kA maha- samAja meM eka dama halacala macA dI aura lAkhoM kAra jAti evaM zarIra kA ahaMkAra, yoga va tapasyA loga sahaja hI unake ho gaye / isa prakAra bhagavAna kA ahaMkAra se dUra rahane kA upadeza diyA kyoMki inake rahane para samAja evaM vyakti meM pArasparika ___ mahAvIra prathama dharmAcArya the jinhoMne saikar3oM varSoM ke I eva dveSa bar3hatA hai aura samAja kA eko. pazcAt janatA ko usI kI bhASA meM dharma evaM karaNa ke sthAna para vighaTana hotA hai / jIvana vikAsa kI bAta batalAyo /

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80000000000000000000000 22: 900908 khaDa ANOO &0000000000000000000 kalA, saMskRti aura sAhitya

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alpa bacata ke naye sAdhana 7 varSIya DAkaghara rASTrIya bacata patra (paMcama nirgama) ye sarTIphikeTa 1 janavarI, 1974 se 10), 50), va 100) rupaye ke DAkagharoM se kharIde jA sakate haiN| isameM 10 / pratizata cakravRddhi byAja diyA jAyegA jo 14 pratizata prativarSa sAdhAraNa byAja hogA / DAkaghara TAima DipojiTa 50) rupaye ke gaNana meM yaha DipojiTa kisI bhI DAkaghara meM karavAye jA sakate haiN| byAja nimna prakAra hai '1 varSa ke liye 8 pratizata 2 varSa ke liye 8 // pratizata 3 varSa ke liye 6 pratizata 5 varSa ke liye 10 pratizata 5 varSIya DAkaghara rikariMga DipojiTa khAtA 5 rupaye ke abhidAna meM yaha rikAriMga khAte kisI bhI DADaghara meM khole jA sakate haiM / pratimAha rakama ru0 5 10 20 50 100 500 / 5 varSa bAda kula rakama ru0 375 750 1500 3750 7500 37,500 5 varSa meM eka bAra, kintu 1 varSa bAda jamA rakama kI AdhI rakama RNa le sakate haiN| ina sabhI yojanAoM meM jamA karane kI adhikatama koI sImA nahIM hai| inase va anya svIkRta madoM se eka varSa meM eka nAma se milane vAlI byAja kI rakama 3,000 rupaye taka para koI Ayakara nahIM lagAyA jAyegA aura na hI strota para Ayakara kaTegA inameM saMsthAyeM rakama jamA nahIM karA sktii| pUrNa vivaraNa va sevA hetu samparka kareM jilA bacata adhikArI, rASTrIya bacata (bhArata sarakAra) adhikRta ejenToM yA samIpastha posTa mAsTara evaM sTeTa baiMka Apha iMDiyA va sTeTa baiMka Apha bIkAnera eNDa jayapura, alpa bacata evaM sTeTa loTarIja vibhAga, rAjasthAna, jayapura /

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vardhamAno jinezaH jJAtRvaMzodbhavaM dhIraM siddhArthakulanandanam / trizalAyA sutaM zAntaM jainadharmaprasArakam / varddhamAnaM mahAvIraM sanmati sanmatipriyaM / ativIraM zrIvIraM ca praNamAmi mudA aham // yugmama prazamaguNanidhAnaM prAptakaivalyajJAnam / gautamagurusukhadaM mokSamArge pradhAnam / / bhavatrasitajanAnAM sarvaduHkhaprahAraNaM / bhavyAjamuddinezaM vorana thaM namAmi // kSAnteH mArdava satyazaucatapamA tyAgAkhya dharmasya ca pAkiJcanya susaMyamArjava tathA brahmati satkarmaNAm vizvasmin kRtavAn prasAramakhilAM samprApya jJAnaprabhAM vIro naH bhavatUtsavAya samatAsAmrAjyasaMsthApakaH / / vikaran guNarazmiM dharmatatvasya IzaH pravizan sukhadhAmni mokssmaargprnnetaa| samavazaraNamadhye bhavyajIvAn prazAstA / jayatu jayatu devaH vardhamAno jinezaH / / nemicandra jaina ema. e. (dvaya) sAhityAcArya prAcArya, esa.pI. jaina gurukula uccatara mAdhyamika zAlA khuraI

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jaina kalA vaibhava (rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU ke pariprekSya meM) -zrI zailendrakumAra rastogI, IFE bhArata meM uttara pradeza kA apanA hI mahatva hai| isa pradeza meM saMskRti, darzana, kalA evaM dharma prAcIna kAla meM isa pradeza kI saMjJAe "madhyadeza" ___kA sarvatra prasAra hai / yathA mathurA, ayodhyA, tathA "AryAvarta" thii| yahAM para itihAsa, purAtatva vArANasI, zrAvastI, ahichatrA, hastinApura, kannauja, evaM saskRti kA saMgama avismaraNIya hai| yahAM Adi nagaroM kA apanA mahatva hai / sadaiva mahApuruSoM 1 BokAya ke isa pradeza meM janma, jIvana-krIr3AoM tapa-dIkSA upadeza evaM nirvANa prabhUti ghaTanAmoM ke hone se, ise gaurava prApta huA hai| isa gauravamaya pradeza meM sarvaprAcIna eva saMgraha meM advitIya hai-rAjya saMgrahAlaya lkhnuu| isa saMgrahAlaya meM jaina dharma se sambaddha kalAkRtiyoM kA vRhatsaMgraha hai| yaha saMgraha mathurA, ayodhyA, kAzI, mahobA, unnAva, AgarA, jAlauna, eTA, Adi, u.pra. ke atirikta gvAliyara, muihara chatarapura, ma.pra. Adi sthAnoM se bhI hai / ye kalAkRtiyAM mUlarUpa se to khudAiyoM se prApta huI / kitanI hI kraya kI huI hai| kucha upahAra rUpa meM prApta huI haiM jinameM san 1972 meM cauka, lakhanaU 'meM sthita bhagavAna neminAtha digambara jaina mandira se prApta jaina-mUrtiyAM vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| ga saMgraha meM hastalikhita pustakeM jinameM ullekhanIya haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra, mahAvIra carita, surasundarI kathA Adi / ye sabhI madhyakAlIna haiN| citrakalA meM neminAtha carita, mevAr3a zailI ke citroM kA saMgraha jinameM nAyaka kI holI khelate, jhUlA jhUlate aMkita kiyA gayA hai| isake bAhANa, jaina evaM bauddha-ina tInoM dhArmika dhArAoM atirikta padmAvatI kA rekhAcitra, RSabhadeva kA kI ajasra maMdAkinI bahI hai, jisameM prANimAtra aMkana jisameM zvetAmbara muni haiM tathA rAjA ko upako pAvana karane kI pUrNazakti hai / Aja bhI vaibhava.. deza dete hae mani darzita haiM / isakA varNana zrImad evaM sabhyatA se besudha kintu citta se pUrNarUpeNa bhAgavata meM bhI pAte haiN| prazAnta mAnava ko zItalatA, isa bhAratIya saMskRti kI maMdAkinI meM avagAhana karane se hI prApta ho dhAtu para bhI jaina kalA ko pAte haiN| sone kA sakegI-aisA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai| mAdhe ica kA patra-patara jisa para ambikA kA www.jainelibrabargs

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2-3 ullekha hai / prAyAga paToM para cakra dvArA yA mAnava rUpa meM tIrthaMkaroM ko banAyA jAtA thaa| citra-2 aMkana hai| bAlaka nIce khar3A hai| dUsare hAtha meM prAmraguccha pakar3e haiN| Upara tIrthakara yadyapi nahIM haiM kintu jisa prakAra jaina prastara pratimAoM para ambikA pAte haiM usI prakAra yahAM bhI banAyA gayA hai / isa ekamAtra svA~kana ke pazcAt pItala kI dhAtu jaina pratimAeM AtI haiM jo saMkhyA meM teIsa haiN| ye lekhayuta evaM lekharahita donoM hI prakAra kI haiN| ye sabhI madhyakAla kI haiN| eka pRSThalala para abhilikhita saM. 1216 kI caubIsI jise haridvAra se lAyA gayA thaa| isako aASAr3ha kI navamI ko saMsthApita kiyA gayA thaa| ise brAhmaNa devatA samajha kara nitya hara kI pair3I para pUjA jAtA thaa| mUla nAyaka isake RSabhadeva haiM ! dekheM citra-2 isake bAda manakA (Bead) jisa para triratna banA hai yaha mUlyavAna patthara lagabhaga 5 sUta prAkAra kA hai| taduparAnta zrI vatsa se yukta kintu mukha, hAtha evaM paira rahita dhar3a miTTI kA banA hai| isake atirikta "supArzvanAtha' se abhilikhita guptalipi, meM lakhImapura khIrI se prApta dhyAnastha padmAsIna chaH iMca AkAra meM miTTI kI banI kRti hai| isa para mAMgalika cihna evaM abhilekha bhI pAte haiM / saMgraha kI marhana pratimAyoM meM Adi, candra, nastara para jaina-pratimAoM kA aMkana vistRta vAsu, suvrata, vimala, ajita, zreyAMsa, zItala, nemi hai| inheM pratIka yA mAnava rUpa meM suracita kiyA pArzva evaM mahAvIra kI pratimAe haiM / hai| jaina pratimAe kuSANa, gupta, madhya evaM Adhunika kAla kI haiM / vedikA stambha, toraNa, ye sabhI vigraha kAyotsarga yA padmAsIna digambara uSNISa, phullo para abhilekha kamala, svastika, yA savastra banAye gaye haiM / ina para lekha bhI pAte haiM zrIvatsa, zaMkha Adi ko zilpakAra ne sthAna diyA kitanI hI pratimAeM lekha rahita bhI haiN| mathurA hai| RSabhadeva kA vairAgya nIlAJjanA kA nRtyapaTTa se prApta pratimAeM lAla citIdAra patthara kI haiM / tathA mahAvIra kA gAMkana vizeSa rUpa se zeSa kAle, zveta saMgamaramara bhUre, sleTI, maTIle yA di 1. jozI DA. nIlakaNTha puruSottama, meTala imajeja ina do kalekzana myU. bule. pR. 9. 2. hIrAnanda zAstrI, sama risenTalI eDeDa skalcara ina prAviziyala myU. lakhanaU, Aki.sarve 1922 pR.24

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2-4 prastaroM para upalabdha hai| ye digambara evaM zvetAmbara jaina pratimAnoM meM sarvottama kalAkRti guptadonoM hI vargoM kI haiN| kuSANakAlIna pratimAoM kAlIna citra-3 hai / ise mathurA se pAyA gayA meM tIrthaGkara ke sAtha sAdA prabhAmaNDala, caMvaradhArI hai| isameM cakra hai jo ki sAmAnya hai| kintu nIce cakra, arddha phAlaka, upAsaka upAsikA yA isameM baila, bAla nahIM, zaMkha balarAma kRSNa sarpaphaNa gRhasthottama ko banAyA jAtA thA / mUla nAyaka ko nahIM haiM / lekha bhI nahIM hai / cUki mathurA ke zrIvatsayuta zArIrika saundarya evaM mukha ko tejasvitA prAyAga paTTa para cakra ke sAtha tathA prAyavitIcara se banAyA jAtA thA / prabhAmaNDala ko kamala, mahAvIra, vartamAna likhA pAte haiN| jaina sAhitya meM hastinakha phUloM se sajAyA jAtA thaa| yaha guptakAla ullekha pAte haiM ki bhaga. mahAvIra mathurA apane meM vizeSatA rahI ki nAsAgra dRSTi rakhI jAtI thii| jIvanakAla meM padhAre / isa pratimA ko dekhane se yaha madhya yuga se hI yakSa, pakSI, gaNadhara, vidyAdhara. sahajahI meM lagatA hai ki bhaga. mahAvIra kI pratimA kaivalya vRkSa, gandharva, trichatra, devaduMdubhI Adi kA hai jo "satveSumaitrI" kI yAda dilAtI hai mAnoM vikAsa huA hai| yaha pratimA kahatI hai :--- "jaga para nyochAvara ho jAnA svarga yahI, kalpavRkSa ke nIce yugaliyA tathA Upara arhana nirvANa yhii| pratimA, paMcatIrthI, tritIrthI, caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM kA sabako apanA bandhu samajhanA, sabase UcA aGkana paTTa-caubIsI. mAnastambha, sarvatobhadrikA dharma yahI // caumukhI Adi ullekhanIya jainakalAkRtiyA~ haiN| ye -sva0 puSpendu lekha yuta yA lekha rahita hai| inameM kahIM-kahIM para aSTa yA nava grahoM kA sI aGkana hai| antima ko manojJatA ke kAraNa hI ise antarrASTrIya khyAti chor3akara zeSa gupta yA guptottara kAla kI hai| prApta hai, jApa na, briTena, amerikA kI pradarzanI meM isane bhAratIya kalA ko mukharakara jaina saMskRti ko pratiSThApita kiyA hai| isa prakAra jaina kalA para vihaMgama dRSTipAta karane para kyA yaha vidita nahIM hotA ki tIrthakara pratimAe' dhyAnamagna yA paramanirvikAra dhyAna meM lIna haiM ? ye prAdhyAtmikatA ke UMce stara para haiN| jo darzaka ko satyaM zivaM sundaraM kA bodha karAtI saMkSepa meM prastara, miTTI, dhAtu (sonA, pItala) evaM kAgaja ke mAdhyama se vinirmita ye jana-kalA kRtiyAM rAjya saMgrahAlaya lakhanaU ke saMgraha kI amUlya nidhi haiM / ye kRtiyAM kalA jagata kI akSayapUrNimA haiN| 3. mathurA sthita bhANDIra udyAna meM Thahare the--vivagsUya, jaina pArTa eNDa mAcITekcara blUma-1 / www.jainelibrary

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bihAra kA itihAsa aura jaina purAtatva -zrI digambaradAsa jaina, eDavokeTa, sahAranapura bhArata eka mahAna aura dhArmika deza hai| Adi zItalanAtha, 20veM munisuvratanAtha, 21veM naminAtha tIrthakara bha0 RSabhadeva, bha0 rAma, zrI kRSNa, tathA antima tIrthaMkara bha. mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi hone mahAtmA buddha, hajarata prAdama, guru nAnakadeva, kA saubhAgya bhI bihAra ko hI prApta hai / saba hI bha0 mahAvIra jaisI mahAna prAtmAnoM ko janma dene kA tIrthaMkaroM kA dharma pracAra-sthala to yaha prAnta mukhya. gaurava bhArata ko hI prApta hai / hajarata IsA aura rUpa se rahA hI hai / magadha samrAT dheriNaka bimbamohammada sAhaba bhI bhArata Aye the| sAra, ajAtazatru kuNika mahArAjA ceTaka, kaliMga bhArata meM bhI bihAra prAnta dhArmika evaM aiti samrATa khAravela, nanda vanzI mahArAjA nandivardhana, hAsika dRSTi se apanA vizeSa mahatva rakhatA hai| __ samrATa candragupta maurya, azoka, samprati prAdi ke samaya kaI zatAndiyoM taka bihAra meM jaina dharma rAja bha. mahAvIra kA sarvaprathama dharmopadeza, ma. buddha kA dharma rahA tathA ina rAjAoM ne jaina dharma kA pracAra adhikAMza bihAra tathA ma. IsA kA dharma pracAra kiyA (dekhiye mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 1974 adhikatara bihAra prAnta meM hI havA / banavAsa kAla khaNDa 2 pRSTha 19-32 para hamArA 'mahArAjA meM bha. rAmacandra isa prAnta meM padhAre the jisakA azoka aura jaina dharma' zIrSaka nibaMdha tathA hamArA smAraka rAjagRhI meM hai| grantha 'vadhamAna mahAvIra') yahI kAraNa hai ki isa prAcInakAla meM bihAra ko magadha deza kahate the| prAnta meM atyanta mahatvapUrNa jaina purAtatva sthala haiM isa yuga (pASANa kAla kI samApti tathA kRSiyuga jinameM se kucha kA paricaya yahAM diyA jA rahA kA prArambha) ke prArambha meM bha. RSabhadeva ne yahAM dharma haipracAra kiyaa| ma. mahAvIra kA bhI isa prAnta meM itanA adhika bihAra huvA ki magadha kA nAma hI rAjagRhI--yaha magadha deza kI rAjadhAnI thii| bihAra par3a gayA / yaha prAnta bhArata ke una 51 vipulAcala. ratnagiri, udayagiri, svarNagiri tathA dezoM meM se eka hai jinakI sthApanA yuga ke prArambha vaibhAragiri ina pAMca pahAr3oM ke kAraNa ise paMcapahAr3I meM bha. RSabhadeva ne kI thii| 24 meM se 22 tIrtha- bhI kahate haiN| yahAM hI ke vipulAcala para bha. mahA. karoM kA nirvANa isa prAnta meM havA / dasaveM vIra kA sarvaprathama dharmopadeza havA thaa| antima kevalI 1. Jainism has been preached in Magadha (Bihar) by Lord Rshabha at the end of stone age and in the beginning of Agricultural age. -P: C. Roy Chaudhary : Jainism in Bihar page 7, .

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2-6 jambU svAmI kA janma bhI yahA~ hI huvA thA jo yahAM ke nagara seTha ke putra the aura jinhoMne asaMkhya dhana sampatti ke lAta mAra tathA ATha sundara striyoM kA moha tyAga jina dIkSA grahaNa kara lI thii| 20 veM tIrthaMkara munisuvrata svAmI kA janma sthala bhI yaha hI hai / purANoM ke anusAra vAsupUjya ke pratirikta zeSa 23 tIrthaMkaroM kA samavasaraNa yahAM prAyA thaa| yahAM kaI jaina mandira aura guphAeM haiM / vistAra ke lie 'Cave temples of India | by Furguson & Burgess p. 1880' tathA 'Jain Caves & temples by Dr. Klouse. Fisher (World Jain Mission publication) ure Wonders of the Past (London) pa 1041 dekhie / kuNDalapura - bha. mahAvIra kI janma bhUmi hai / yahAM bha. mahAvIra kA vizAla mandira dhaura pratizayapUrNa mUrti hai jise tor3ane bhauraMgajeba apanI senA lekara AyA thA sainika jaba mUrti tor3ane lage to madhumakkhiyoM ne una para prAkramaNa kara diyA eka sainika ne mUrti ke pAMva ke aMgUThe para pharasA mArA to vahAM se dugdha kI dhArA phUTa nikalI jisase cakita aura bhayabhIta hokara sainika bhAga gae / pAvApurI - bha. mahAvIra kI nirvANasthalI yahAM eka sarovara ke madhya saMgamaramara kA bar3A zrAkarSaka mandira hai jisameM 600 phITa lambe pula para hokara jAnA par3atA hai| maMdira aura pula yahAM ke rAjA kA banavAyA huA hai / pATaliputra (paTanA) ke nikaTa gulajAra bAga se zIlavratadhAriyoM meM prasiddha seTha sudarzana kA nirvANa huA thaa| paTanA jaMkzana se eka mIla kI dUrI para lohAnIpura se eka nagna mUrti kA ghar3a dinAMka 14-2-1997 ko prApta huA thA jo paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai / candragupta maurya ke rAjakAla meM yUnAnI itihAsakAra maigasthanIja usakI sabhA meM rAjadUta banakara prAyA thaa| yahAM hI 1600 I. meM guru govindasiMha kA janma huA thA / vaizAlI - apanI vizAlatA ke kAraNa kahalAtA thaa| mahAvIra kAla meM yahA~ kA rAjA har3a jaina zraddhAnI ceTaka thA jisakI pratijJA thI ki vaha apanI putriyoM kA vivAha kevala jaina se hI karegA / isakI putrI trizalA bha. mahAvIra kI mAtA zrI / isI kAraNa mahAvIra vaizAlika kahalAte the| 1 cInI yAtrI phAhiyAna (pAMcavIM zatAbdI) tathA isake 230 varSa bAda yAne vAle huenasAMga donoM ne vaizAlI ko eka vizAla nagarI likhA hai / 2 mithilA - mallinAtha aura naminAtha tIrthaMkaroM kI janmabhUmi hai| rAmAyaNakAla meM yahAM kA rAjA janaka thA jisake nAma para yaha janakapurI bhI kaha lAtI thii| rAjA janaka jaina thA aura nija para kA bheda vijJAnI prasiddha hone se loga use videha bhI kahate the| arthAt zarIra meM usakI ghAsakti nahIM thI / tIrthaMkara arahanAtha ko avadhijJAna yahAM ke samIpastha vana meM hI huA thA / mAnabhUma bha. mahAvIra ke isa nagara kA yaha nAma pdd'aa| esiyATika sosAyaTI baMgAla ke I. Vaisali has a close association with Jainism. In past Mathura has been. called Vaisalika. -- Buddhism & Vaisali p. 8. varddha mAna nAma para: karnala DelaTana ne janarala 1868 I. 2. The Chinese pilgrim Fahian came to India in 5th century AD & visited Vaisali in his way from Kapil - Vastu to Patliputra 230 years later Hiven - Tsan visited. Both describe Vaisali to be a big city. - Ibid p. 42.

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meM likhA hai ki mAnabhUmi ke nivAsI sarAka jAti siMhabhUma-bha. mahAvIra ke cihna siMha para ke loga rAtri bhojana nahIM karate the| ve pArzvanAtha isa jile kA yaha nAma par3A hai| yahAM bhI bha. ko pUjate the|1 yahAM se jaina tIrthakaroM kI ati mahAvIra kA vihAra huA thaa| mejara Tikala ke prAcIna mUrtiyAM prApta huI haiM jo Aja kalakatte anusAra prAcIna kAla meM yaha jainadharma kA kendra thaa| myUjiyama meM surakSita haiM - candragupta maurya kA yahAM se bhI jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI aneka prAcIna mUrtiyAM baMgAla kI khAr3I se araba samudra taka rAjya thA ataH prApta huI haiN| vahAM se tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyAM evaM jaina mandiroM ke causA--jilA zAhabAda se candramA cihna yukta khaNDahara prApta honA svAbhAvika hai / isahI jile meM khudAI se anantanAtha tIrthaMkara kI bhI mUrti prApta candraprabha, RSabhadeva, pArzvanAtha, abhinandananAtha, huI hai jo paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai| eka sumatinAtha, puSpadanta, zreyAMsanAtha, anantanAtha, mUrti zAMtinAtha kI bhI milI hai jo kalakattA dharmanAtha kI mUrtiyAM, dharmacakra aura kalpavRkSa, tIrthaMkaroM saMgrahAlaya meM hai aura jisakA nambara ema. emaH kA caraNa paTTa10 tathA tIsare tIrthakara saMbhavanAtha kI caumukhI mUrti prApta huI hai / 11 | lohAnIpura-se khudAI meM 17 tIrthaMkaroM kI ... palAmU... jilA mAnabhUmi se neminAtha kI mUrti mUrtiyAM milI haiM jo paTanA ghaMgrahAlaya meM naM. 6516 prApta huI hai jo paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM hai jisakA se 6 ) 32 taka haiN| ye mUrtiyAM abhinandana, RSabhanaM. e. ena. 3 hai| yahAM hI se bAdAmI raMga kI zrI abhinandana tIrthaMkara kI mUrti milI hai jisakA deva, sumatinAtha, zreyAMsanAtha, vAsupUjya, padmaprabha, zAMtinAtha, kunthunAtha, arahanAtha, mallinAtha, paTanA saMgrahAlaya na. e, ena. 128 hai / caubIsa / naminAtha, neminAtha, anantanAtha, dharmanAtha, vimalanAtha tIrthaMkaroM kA eka paTTa bhI yahAM se milA hai jo bhI aura mahAvIra kI haiM 112 ukta saMgrahAlaya meM hai ...... kAMcI-- bhI jainadharma kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna candanakyArI-jilA mAnabhUma se bhI bha. rahA hai jahAM se nau devoM kI kalApUrNa mUrtiyAM prApta RSabhadeva kI eka prAcIna mUrti milI hai jo bhI ukta saMgrahAlaya meM hai|' yahA~ hI se prApta eka bha. RSabhadeva aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kA eka anupama cApApura- bhAgalapura ke nikaTa hai| 12veM advitIya paTTa bhI isa saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita haiM 18 tIrthaMkara vAsupUjya ke pAMcoM hI kalyANaka yahAM 1. They (Sraks) are represented as having great scruples against taking life. They must not eat till they have seen Sun They venerate Parsvanath. - Col Dalton : Journal of Asiatic Society Bengal p. 35 1868 A.D. 2. ibid page 56. 3: VOA Feb. 1967 p. 62. 4-5-6-7-8. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, janavarI, 1943 peja 95. 9. (ka) Journal of Asiatic Society Bengal, 1840 p. 686. (kha) brahmacArI zItalaprasAda : baMgAla, bihAra aura ur3IsA ke prAcIna jaina smAraka pR. 65.. 10. jainasiddhAnta bhAskara, janavarI, 1943 pR. 15 12. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, janavarI 1943, pR. 95. 11. Studies in Jain Art plate No. 6 Fig. 17. 13. V. P. Shah : Studies in Jain Art: Fig. 77.. . .

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2-8 hue haiN| vizva meM kevala yaha hI eka aisI nagarI muniyoM ke nivAsa ke lie banAI gaI aneka jaina hai jise kisI tIrthakara ke pAMcoM kalyANaka hone guphAeM haiN|' kA gaurava prApta hai| isI kAraNa zAstroM meM isakI bandanA kA puNya phala nau karoDa upavAsa ke barAbara auraMgAbAda- jilA gayA kI guphAmoM meM dharma batAyA gayA hai / nAtha nagara aura mandAra parvata bhI nAtha, anantanAtha, zAMtinAtha, kuthunAtha, aura isake nikaTa hI haiM jo prAcIna samaya meM campApurI __ arahanAtha kI mUrtiyAM tathA vizAla jaina mandira haiN| bharata ke hI bhAga the / siMhapurI-jilA siMha bhUma meM bha. mahAvIra karNagaDha-mahAbhArata kAla meM campApUrI kI ke cihna 'siMha' nAma para basAI gaI sundara jaina rAjadhAnI thI / prasiddha dAnavIra karNa yahAM hI kA nagarI thii| yaha choTA nAgapura DivIjana meM hai| sajA thA jisake kile meM vAsupUjya bhagavAna kAvizAla khudAi meM yahAM se tIrthakaroM kI aneka prAcIna mandira thA / isa sthAna kI khudAI karAne para mUtiyAM prApta huI haiM / mahatvapUrNa jaina purAtatva ko sAmagrI prApta ho sakatI sammeda zikhara-jainoM ke sampUrNa tIrthoM kA hai jisase bhArata ke itihAsa para nayA prakAza par3a rAjA hai / purANoM ke anusAra pratyeka kAla meM hone sakatA hai| vAle 24 tIrthaMkara yahA~ hI se nirvANa prApta karate haiM kintu vartamAna huNDAva-sarpiNI ke kAla doSa se brAhmaNa yonI-parvata gayA ke nikaTa eka samaya vizAla jaina bastI thI jahAM se suprasiddha isa kAla ke kevala 20 tIrthaMkaroM ne hI yahAM se purAtatvavid sara kanidhama ne azva cihna yukta nirvANa prApta kiyA / jaina zAstroM ke anusAra jo tIsare tItha kara sambhavanAtha kI mUrti khudAI meM __eka bAra yahAM kI vandanA kara letA hai use naraka prApta kI thii| gati, tiyaMca gati tathA strI veda prApta nahIM hotaa| hajAroM yAtrI yahAM kI yAtrArtha zAte haiM / yahAM ke bArabara parvata -- gayA ke nikaTa hai| yahAM jaina AdivAsiyoM meM jaina dharma ke prati apAra zradA hai| 1. vistAra se jAnane ke lie dekhie anekAnta navambara 1974 pR. 11 para prakAzita hamArA lekha ___'campApurI kA itihAsa aura jaina purAtatva / 2. Dr. Klause Fisher : Caves & temples of Jainas (W. J. Mission)

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zrI di0 jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI (cAMdalagAMva) ( M MRATI Jain Education Interational

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pAvana janmabhUmi kuNDapura ----DaoN0 zobhanAtha pAThaka meghanagara ji. jhAbuA (ma.pra.) satya, ahiMsA, asteya, aparigraha aura brahmacarya aMga va magadha meM mAnA jAtA thA, kintu aba ise kI varIyatA ke samdala se samAja ko saMvArane vAle vaizAlI ke pAsa 'vAsu kuNDa' nAma se jAnA jAtA caubIsave tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mahattA ko hai jo vartamAna mujaphpharapura jile meM hAjIpura ke pAsa prAMkanA AsAna nahIM haiN| unakA 'ahiMsA' mahAmaMtra hai| yahAM prAkRta zodha saMsthAna bhI hai| hI vizva ke lie varadAna svarUpa hai| hama isa varSa unakA 2500 vAM ni. mahotsava loka maMgala kI acchA to Aiye kuNDapura ke pratIta ko hama kAmanA se manA rahe haiN| vividha kasauTiyoM para kasakara parakheM jisake pratala yahAM unake janma sthAna 'kuNDapura kI garimA ko thahAne kA manISiyoM ne zlAghanIya prayAsa para saMkSipta prakAza DAlA jA rahA hai / isa kiyA hai| muni kalyANavijaya ne 'kuNDapura' ko vaizAlI kA upanagara mAnA hai, jabaki AcArya kuNDapura ko kuNDalapura, kuNDagrAma, kuNDaggAma, vijayendrasUri ne svtntrngr| prAcArya vijayendra kuNDalIpura, kuNDalA Adi nAmoM se sambodhita sUri ne 'tIrtha kara mahAvIra' grantha meM isa tathya para kiyA gayA hai| yahI kuNDapura bhrAMti ke bhaMvara meM / vizeSa prakAza DAlA hai| dIrghAvadhi taka ghUmatA rahA arthAt "lichupAr3a" jo / 1. (ka) unmIlitAvadhidazA sahasA viditvA tajjanmabhavittamarataH prnntottmaangg:| ghaMTA ninAda samavetanikAyamukhyA diSTaya yayustaditi kuNDapuraM surendrA // -(asaga, vardhamAna carita 1761) (kha) atha dezo'sti vistArI jambUdvIpasya bhArate / ___ svasvAMma kuNDanAbhAti nAmnA kuNDapuraM puram // (harivaMzapurANa 112115) 2. tIrthakara varddhamAna-vidyAnanda muni pR. 25 3. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, A. hastImala pR. 351 4. tIrthakara mahAvIra bhAga 2 pR. 81-82.

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2-10 kuNDapura do bhAgoM meM vibhakta thaa| eka thA 'nAtika' ko vaizAlI se 7 lI kI dUrI para batAyA chatriyakuNDa tathA dUsarA thA brAhmaNakuNDa jisameM gayA hai| kanidhama ne 1 lI = 1/5 mIla mAnA hai|" kramazaH siddhArtha trizalA, va brAhmaNakuNDa meM devAnaMdA ataH spaSTa hotA hai ki kuNDagrAma se vaizAlI kI kA nivAsa thaa| brAhmaNakuNDa ke pazcima dizA meM dUrI 1/5 mIla thii| vartamAna 'vAsukuNDa' kI sthiti kSatriyakuNDa par3atA thA jisake madhya meM bahuzAla vaizAlI ke bhagnAvazeSa bhavana se isI anupAta caitya thaa| kuNDagrAma kI sthiti ke viSaya meM zrI se hai / nemindrasUri ne bhI kahA hai ki isI kuNDagrAma ke kSatriyakuNDa meM 500 I. pU. asthi iha bharahavAse majhimadesassa maNDaNaM paramaM / rAjA siddhArtha kI dharma patnI rAnI trizalA kI kukSi siri kuNDagAma nayara vasumairamaNItilayabhUyaM / se bhagavAna mahAvIra paidA hue the yathA (patra 26) siddhArthanRpatitanayo bhAratavarSe videhakuNDapure samasta tathyoM kI parakha se spaSTa hotA hai ki devyAM priyakAriNyAM susvapnAnsapradarzya vibhuH / / kSatriyakuNDa va brAhmaNakuNDa do alaga-alaga khaNDa caitra zuklA trayodazI somavAra 599 I. pU. the jisakA samanvita nAma kuNDapura thaa| isameM hI jJAtR vaMzIya kSatriya rAjA siddhArtha rahate the jinakI kA vaha pAvanatama samaya yuga ko pAlokita kara dharma patnI trizalA kI kukSi se mahAvIra paidA hue| dhanya ho gayA jisakI mahattAisa 'jJAta' ko hI 'jJAtika' aura 'nAtika' zabda dRSTa grahairatha nijotvagata samaprailagne, se jAnA gayA hai / mahAvIra ko isIlie 'jJAtaputra' yathA patita kAlamasUtarAjJI / 'nATaputra' Adi nAmoM se bhI sambodhita kiyA caitra jinaM sitatRtIyajayAgayA hai| nizAnte sobhAhicandramasi cauttaraphAlgunisye _ 'nAtika' kI sthiti ke viSaya meM batAyA gayA tathA hai ki yaha 'vajjI' deza ke antargata vaizAlI aura caitra sitapakSa phAlguni, koTigrAma ke bIca meM thA jabaki kapilavastu zazAMka yoge dine trayodazyAm / aura rAjagRha ke bIca ke sthAnoM kA ullekha bhI jajJa svoccastheSu grahaiSu, isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai "kapilavastu se rAjagRha saumyeSu zubha lagne / 60 yojana dUra thA tathA rAjagRha se kuzInagara 25 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma se vAstava meM vizva yojana kI dUrI para sthita thA / buddha kI yAtrA meM meM eka prAloka krodha uThA / aAja bhI vahI Aloka bhI yaha grAma par3A thaa| yuga ke niviDa andhakAra meM bhUle bhaTakoM ko mArga mahAparinivvAna sutta ke cInI saMskaraNa meM darzana kara rahA hai / 1. jIva egAnimu he khattiya kuNDa ggAmaM nayAM mapajhamajammeNaM nigacchaI nigacchitA jeNeva mAharaNakuNDagA meM nayojaNeva vahusAlae cie| (vahI) 2. nAdikAti eva talAkaM nissAva dviNNaM cUllayitu maha pituputtAnaM dve mAyA nAdaketi ekasmi a.tizA meM (dIghanikAya) 3. DikzanarI pAdapAlI prAparanemsa, khaNDa 1 pR. 976. 3. (a) Sino Indian Studies Vol I Part 4, Page 195 July 1945 (b) Com Studies, "The Paninium Sutta and its Chinese Version by Faub. 5. Ancient Geography of India p. 658 6. nirvANabhakti 4 7. varddhamAna caritra 17158 8: ni. bha. 5.

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jainadharma kA bihAra se purAkAlika zrIra atyanta hI saghana sambandha hai / jainoM kI paramparita mAnyatA kI dRSTi se pratyeka kalpakAla meM caubIsa jaina tIrthakara prAvirbhUta hokara apane dharma kA kevala pravartana hI nahIM pracAra aura prasAra bhI karate haiM / eka kapa kI kAlAvadhi eka hajAra mahAyuga kI hotI hai, arthAt 4 araba 32 karor3a mAnava varSa / vartamAna kalpa meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva aura antima caubIsaveM tIrthakara mahAvIra hue haiM / isa kalpa meM, bArahave tIrthakara vAsupUjya, unnIsaveM tIrthaMkara mallinAtha, bIsaveM tIrthakara munisuvratanAtha ikkIsave tIrthaMkara neminAtha evaM Satara tarthakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ko janma dene kA ananyadurlabha gaurava bihAra ko hI hai / saca pUchie, to tIrthaMkaroM ke 'tapobihAra' ke kAraNa hI isa pradeza yA prAnta yA rAjya kA nAma "vihAra" (Vihar) par3A, jo aMgarejoM ke samaya meM Akara, agarejI uccAraNa kI anavadhAnatA ke kAraNa, 'bihAra' (Bihar) ho gayA / bihAra ko isalie bhI atyadhika gaurava hai ki vaha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi, tapobhUmi aura nirvAraNa bhUmi hone ke sAtha hI karma bhUmi bhI rahA hai| bihAra ke rAjakuloM bhagavAna mahAvIra or kauTumbika sambandha bhI thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki unake samaya meM aura unake bAda bhI bihAra meM jaina dharma kA acchA pracAra prasAra huA, phalataH aneka rAje aura rAjakula jaina dharmAnuyAyI ho gaye / isa jainadharma aura bihAra pro. zrIraMjana sUrideva, paTanA STa se bihAra ko jainadharma kA mukhya kendra hone kI pratiSThA prApta hai| bhAratIya itihAsa meM, jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika aura vyAvahArika vizeSatA se prabhAvita zraura usameM dIkSita bihArI rAjAnoM kI bar3I lambI paramparA milatI hai| inameM prathama bhAratIya gaNarAjya vaizAlI ke rAjA cetaka aura kuNDapura nareza siddhArtha ke alAvA rAjA zreNika ( 601-552 I. pU.), rAjA ajAtazatru ( 552 - 518 I. pU.), rAjA nanda yA nandivarddhana (305 I. pU.), morya samrATa candragupta (320 I. pU.) samrATa azoka (277 I. pU.) samrATa samprati (220 I. pU.) Adi ke nAma sagarva ullekhya haiM / prAcIna itihAsa ke pariprekSya ke anusAra, vihAra meM, bhagavAna mahAvIra se prArambha karake cAra sau varSoM taka jainadharmI rAjAoM tathA rAjanyoM ke dvArA jaina dharma kI na kevala prazAsanika evaM rAjanayika dRSTi se, apitu usase adhika sAmAjika evaM zrAdhyAtmika bhAvanA se mahatI upAsanA kI gaI / jaina dharma ko bihAra kI isa adbhuta dena kI aitihAsika bhUmikA sadA avismaraNIya banI rahegI / dArzanika dRSTi se vicAra kareM, to jJAta hogA ki tatkAlIna bihAra meM eka ora gautama buddha apane kSaNikavAda ke pracAra meM lage the, to dUsarI mora

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2-19 prAjIvaka sampradAya ke netA maMkhaliputra gozAla aura bhI aneka dharma nihita haiN| usameM avivakSita apanA akarmaNyatAvAda phailAne meM dina-rAta eka kara guNadharmoM ke astitva kI rakSA 'syAt' zabda hI rahe the| inake atirikta, saMjayabelaTThiputra jana-mana karatA hai / saMkSepataH, anekAntavAda jahAM citta meM ko apane saMzayavAda se prabhAvita karane ke lie alaga samatA, madhyasthatA, vItarAgatA aura niSpakSatA kI hI eDI coTI kA pasInA eka kara rahe the| eka sRSTi karatA hai vahAM syAdbAda vANI meM nirdoSatA, sAtha tIna siddhAntoM kI mastavyastatA ke kAraNa lAne kA pUrNa avasara pradAna karatA hai| isalie, padArtha ke racanAtmaka rUpa kA yathArtha nirNaya nahIM yadi vicAra aura mana kI zuddhi ke liye anekAntaho pA rahA thA / vastutaH bihAra usa samaya dArzanika vAda Avazyaka hai, to vyavahAra aura vANI kI zuddhi matavAdiyoM kA akhAr3A banA haprA thaa| bhagavAna ke nimitta syAdvAda anivArya / mahAvIra ke samakAlIna tIna dArzanika aura the. anekAnta kA artha hai---'aneke antAH gharmAH jinakA kAryakSetra bihAra hI thaa| inameM prathama ajita sAmAnya vizeSaparyAyaguNaH yasyeti anekAntaH', kezakambalI bhautikavAdI the, dUsare pUrNakAzyapa marthAt paraspara virodhI aneka guNa aura paryAyoM kA prakriyAvAdI yA niyativAdI the aura tIsare prakra ddha ekatra samanvaya / abhiprAya yaha ki jahAM jainetara kAtyAyana kA nAma padArthavAdiyoM meM pAMkteya thaa| darzanoM meM vastu ko kevala sat yA asat, sAmAnya yA ukta chahoM dArzanikoM ne vastu ke eka dharma ko vizeSa, nitya yA anitya, eka yA aneka, bhinna yA hI pUrNa satya mAna liyA thaa| bihAra kI bhUmi meM abhinna mAnA gayA hai, vahAM jaina darzana meM apekSAkRta palane panapane vAle ina aikAntika darzanoM kI paraspara eka hI vastu meM sat-asat, sAmAnya-vizeSa, nitya bhanitya, eka-aneka aura bhinna-bhinna rUpa virodhI hiMsAmUlaka samanvayahInatA evaM avyAvahArikatA se dharmoM kA samavAya mAnA gayA hai / jainadRSTi meM cUMki bhagavAna mahAvIra cintita ho uThe the| isalie, pratyeka vastu kA nirUpaNa sAta prakAra se hotA hai, unhoMne vastuoM meM nihita aneka dharmoM kI ora isalie isa vastu-nirUpaNa kI prakriyA ko jainasaMketa karane ke nimitta apane dArzanika siddhAntoM darzanakAroM ne 'saptabhaMgI' kahA hai| bihAra kI aura vicAroM kI pratiSThA 'syAduvAda' yA 'anekAnta. pAvana sthalI meM pracArita-prasArita yaha saptabhaMgIvAda' ke mAdhyama se kii| mahAvIra svAmI ne 'utpanei siddhAnta vicAroM meM sAmaMjasya utpanna karane vAlA vA vigamei vA dhuveI vA' isa mAtRkAtrivadI vAkya hai, sAtha hI mana-prANa ko udAta aura vyApaka banAne meM nirUpita utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta vAlA bhii| dharmatrayAtmaka (anekadharmAtmaka) vastu ke svarUpa ko sthira kiyA aura isa dharmatrayAtmaka vastU svarUpa ko bihAra ko na kevala jaina tIrthaMkaroM yA gautama batalAne vAle siddhAnta ko 'anekAntavAda' yA 'syAd- gaNadhara jaise vyAkhyAtAnoM ko hI janma dene kA zreya vAda' kI saMjJA dii| yaha syAdvAda samagra jaina darzana hai, apitu isane aneka aise jainAcAryoM ko bhI janma kI rIr3ha hai, jisakI sthApanA kA samasta zreya bihAra diyA hai, jisakI vya khyAeM sAre vizva meM par3hI sunii| ko hI hai| prasaMga vaza yahAM jJAtavya hai ki syAdvAda' jAtI haiN| bihAra ke niyukti-bhASyakAra AcArya, samanvayavAda yA apekSAvAda kA hI paryAya hai| bhadrabAhu ko kauna nahIM jAnatA, jinhoMne janadarzana ke syAvAda eka viziSTa bhASA paddhati hai| 'syAt' vyAkhyAtA ke rUpa meM zAzvatI pratiSThA prApta kI hai| zabda sunizcita rUpa se batalAtA hai ki vastu kevala inakA pATaliputra se ghaniSTha aura nediSTha sambandha eka dharmA hI nahIM hai, apitu usameM eka ke atirikta hai| inhoMne prAcArAMgasUtra, utarAdhyayanasUtra, mAvazyaka HEAnsatasailivraat

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2-18 sUtra Adi sukhyAta zvetAmbarIya mAgama-granthoM para jainAgamoM kI bhASA arddhamAgadhI mAnI jAtI hai| dasa niyuktiyAM (TIkAeM) likhI haiN| niyukti prarddhamAgadhI ke 'mAgadhI' zabda se saMketita hai ki grantha jaina AgamoM kA marma to batalAte hI haiM, jaina jainAgamoM kI bhASA bihAra ke magadha kI hI bhASA darzana meM pratipAdita jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma thii| magadha kA jaina saMskRti ke prati anurAga isa aAkAza aura kAla ina chaha dravyoM ke svarUpa tathA bAta se bhI spaSTa hai ki yaha jaina mUrtiyoM kA prAcIna unake vizleSaka pramANa aura naya kA vizada vivecana kAla se hI pUjaka rahA hai / paTanA ke lohAnIpura se bhI upa-sthApita karate haiN| isake atirikta, ina prApta do mauryakAlIna mUrtiyAM (paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM niyuktiyoM meM Izvara ke sRSTikartRtva kI mImAMsA surakSita) isa bAta ke bahiHsAkSya haiM / nizcaya hI, bhI kI gaI hai| anIzvaravAdiyoM dvArA kI gaI bihAra kI vaividhya-vaicitrya se bharI huI bhUmi para IzvaravAdI vicArakoM ke liye atizaya aura anivArya ghaTita itihAsa kI bahukoNIya ghaTanAmoM se yaha mahatva rakhatI hai| siddha hai ki bihAra jahAM jainoM kI puNya bhUmi hai. vahIM vaha jaina dharma kI sRSTi aura sthiti bhUmi bihAra meM magavarAjya sarvAdhika ullekhya hai| bhI hai| mukaka -zrI hajArIlAla jaina 'kAkA bundelakhaNDI' sakarAra jisa cetana ne jar3a patthara ko vItarAga bhagavAna banAyA, lekina svayaM rAga meM phaMsakara apane Upara dRSTi na laayaa| para meM phirA khojatA jisako hara tIratha para zIsa jhukAyA, 'kAkA' khuda meM khudA basA para khuda ko khuda pahicAna na paayaa|

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2-14 zrI nirvANa kSetra vaMdanA le0 lADalI prasAda jaina pApaDIvAla, sa0 mAdhopura zrAvo bandhu tumheM sunAyeM gAthA zrI nirvANa kI / usa bhUmi ko namana karo, jo hai jIvana kalyANa kI / / bhArata ke uttara meM dekho, parvata eka vizAla hai / gaMgA sindhu nadiyAM bahatIM himagiri kA parapAta hai / / mukuTa sarIkhA zobhA detA, bhArata dizi ke bhAla para / mAnava jo guNa gAtA isakA bhRSabha deva ke nAma para / kailAza zikhara hai yAda dilAtA, ina hI ke nirvANa ko "prAvo bandhu / / 1 / / ye dekho pazcima meM bhAI jahAM deza saurASTra mahAna / nemi prabhU ne dhyAna lagAkara, yahIM kiyA pAtama kalyANa // eka zikhara hai zobhA detA, jUnAgar3ha ke nikaTa mahAna / usI zikhara giranAra ke Upara, rAjamatI ne kiyA prayANa / / urjayaMta yaha yAda dilAtA, nemI ke nirvANa kI""prAvo bandhu / / 2 / / ye dekho pUrva kI lAlI camakI jo jahAna meM / isI dizA meM bihAra pyArA, camakA hindustAna meM / / konA konA isakA dekho, camakAyA bhagavAna ne / vAsupUjya ne dhyAna dharA thA, campApura udyAna meM // janma bhUmi hai yahI hamAre zrI vAsapUjya bhagavAna kI"usa bhUmi // 3 // ye dekho sammeda zikhara kA kitanA UMcA parvata hai / aisA lagatA mana ko mAno, bharA isI meM amRta hai / isI zikhara ke ToMka ToMka para, caraNa cinha hai zobhate / basa tIrthakara mokSa padhAre, kiyA gamana iha loka te / / siddha bhUmi hai yAda dilAtI, tIrthakara bIsa mahAna kI.."isa bhUmi 14 // pAvApura kA jala mandira yaha, rakhatA apanI zAna hai| dekha dekha kara tRpta na hotA jo gayA vahAM insAna hai| jina mandira meM zobhA detI pratimA zrI mahAvIra kii| chatra svayaM hai usa para phiratA, jyoti dekhakara dIpa kI / aihI pAvApura bhUpi hai mahAvIra nirvANa kI "isa bhUmi / / 5 / / aura anekoM sthala haiM aise jahaM teM mokSa gae bhagavAna / asaMkhyAta muni mokSa padhAre tinakA ko kara sake bakhAna / / una sabakI hama kareM baMdanA, pAveM avicala mokSa nidAna / lADa nirmalA kaNa kaNa pUjeM, gA gA kara unakA guNa gAna / / zataka paMca viMzatI pAI hai, mahAvIra nirvANa kI"prAvo bandhu / / 6 / /

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jaina zilpa aura kalA -zrI candanamala 'cAMda' jaina dharma mokSa mArgI hote haye bhI ekAMgI nahIM kSetra meM mandira bane vahAM kI zailI ko apanAte rahe / hai / sAhitya zilpa aura kalA Adi kSetroM kaI sthAnoM para to jainoM ne mandiroM ke nagara hI meM jainoM kI bahumUlya dena hai| jaina sthApatya aura banA diye jaise zravaNa belagolA, devagar3ha, AbU, zilpa meM bhArata kI gAMdhAra, mathurA aura amarAvatI pAlItANa, sonagiri Adi / eka hI pahAr3I para tInoM kalAoM ke namUne milate haiN| stUpa, guphAeM, saikar3oM bhavya, ramaNIya mandira vividha zailiyo meM upAsanA ke bhavya ramaNIka mandira prAkRtika sthaloM bane haiN| manohara patthara kI nakkAsI dvArA susajita para sampUrNa bhArata meM Aja bhI bikhare huye haiM / jaina mandiroM ke stambha vizva meM prasiddha haiN| mahIna stUpa sabase purAnA svarUpa hai jisakA patA mathurA khudAI vAle aneka khambhe, kintu sabakI khudAI ke kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI se milA / ina stUpoM alaga, sabakI dRzyAvaliyAM judA judA / dakSiNa kA nirmANa bhagavAna mahAvIra aura bhagavAna buddha karnATaka ke mudavidarI mandira ko dekhakara phargusana ke samaya se bhI pahale hanA thA / videzI vidvAn ne likhA hai-"aisA lagatA hai mAnoM patthara para DA0 smitha ke anusAra samrATa azoka ke samaya nahIM balki kATha para kAma kiyA gayA hai / prAja meM bauddha stUpa itane bane ki jaina stUpoM ko bhI mI rANakapura ke mandiroM kI kalAtmakatA aura jhA jAne lagA / guphAoM aura kArIgarI dekhakara vizva ke paryaTaka mugdha ho uThate daro meM jaina zilpa, kalA aura kArIgarI kI hai| patthara para mahIna jAlIdAra jharokhe, zyAmala bhavyatA ke darzana hote haiN| siMghalapura, rAjagRhI, kuntala kezarAzi eka-eka laTa alaga-alaga / citra giranAra evaM dakSiNa bhArata ke pahAr3I ramaNIya mAnoM sajIva ho uThe haiM / isIlie aneka videzI sthaloM para ye guphAeM haiM / pAMcavIM se bArahavIM kalA-pArakhI ina mandiroM kI zilpakalA dekhakara zatAbdI ke bIca guphA-mandira bhI bane jo ur3IsA tAjamahala ko bhI bhUla jAte haiM / jaina sthApatya kI ke khaNDagiri, udayagiri, bihAra ke rAjagRha, sabase mukhya dena nirAdhAra stambhoM kI hai / binA zravaNa belagolA ke candragiri, mahArASTra ke ghArA- kisI sahAre ke ye khambhe vAsAdIpa ke mandira ke ziva, madrAsa kI kulamula pahAr3iyoM meM haiM / elorA sAmane khar3e haiM / ina para sundara khudAI kI gaI hai| kI guphAoM meM indrasabhA aura jagannAtha sabhA ye do kevala dakSiNa kannar3a meM hI aise purAne bIsa stambha jaina guphAeM kalA kI dRSTi se atyanta mahatvapUrNa haiN| uttara bhArata meM mathurA, citaur3agar3ha aura kAnha haiM / mandiroM kI kArIgarI meM jaina kalA svatantra ke suprasiddha mAna-stambha bhI ullekhanIya haiM / hai / usameM iNDo-Aryana yA uttara meM nAgara tathA jaina dharma janadharma haiM, janatA kA dharma hai / kalA dakSiNa meM drAvir3iyana zailI kA samanvaya hai| jisa jaba dharma ke kSetra meM praveza karatI hai athavA kalA

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2-16 meM dharma kA puTa prAtA hai taba vaha kevala manoraMjana nahIM, balki jIvana vikAsa kA sAdhana bana jAtI hai / jaina zilpa aura kalA kI yahI vizeSatA hai / jaina dharma zuddha vaijJAnika ra bauddhika dharma hai usameM jIvana kI kahIM upekSA nahIM kI gaI hai / eka aura prAdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se mokSa kA cintana hai to dUsarI zrora jIne kI kalA kA bhI sUtrapAta evaM kramika vikAsa hai / jaina dharma ke prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhanAtha causaTha kalAnoM ke sRSTA mAne jAte haiN| ata: jaina zilpa aura kalA ke vikAsa kA yuga atyanta prAcIna hI mAnanA caahie| jainoM ne vAstukalA evaM zilpa ke nirmANa meM yogadAna diyA hI hai kintu usake saiddhAntika pakSa ko bhI achUtA nahIM chor3A / vastutaH jaina dharma pUrNatva meM prAsthA rakhatA hai, samagratA kA pratIka hai / jIvana kA cAhe koI bhI kSetra kyoM na ho jaina dharma ne usakA vikAsa kiyA hai| citrakalA, mUrtikalA, gaNita, jyotiSa, khagola, bhUgola, sabhI viSayoM ko jaina dharma, jaina prAcAryoM evaM jaina vidvAnoM ne apanI pratibhA evaM jJAna se samRddha kiyA hai| "jaisA ki hameM jJAta hai sambhavataH jaina dharma mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke rUpa meM sarva prAcIna vicAra paddhati ko prastuta karatA hai / yaha vicAra ki sampUrNa prakRti hameM prANahIna pratIta hotI hai usake bhItara bhI jIvana hai aura vaha punaH jIvita ho sakatI haiM / jainoM kA yaha siddhAnta dRr3ha purAtanavAditA kA sUcaka hai, jo vartamAna samaya meM bhI banA huA hai / " --- jorla cArapenTiyara, phrAnsa : uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI bhUmikA pR. 21

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prAcIna aitihAsika nagarI jUnA ( bAhar3amera ) tathA jaina tIrtha nAkoDA - zrI bhUracanda jaina, bAr3amera bar3amera - rAjasthAna kA pazcimI sImAvartI sanI bAr3amera jilA aitihAsika evaM purAtatva Ta se mahatvapUrNa sthala rahA hai| isa jile meM vi ke rUpa meM anekoM itihAsa prasiddha sthala apane purAne vaibhava prAcIna zilpakalA ko saMjoye vidyamAna haiN| isa kSetra kA jUnA bAhar3amera jo vartamAna bAr3amera munAvA para sthita jasAI relave sTezana se karIbana hala dUra pahAr3iyoM kI goda meM AyA huA hai / Dimera nagara se 14 mIla aura zilpakalA ke bejor3a itihAsa prasiddha kirADU se dakSiNa 12 mIla kI dUrI para sthita / pahAr3iyoM meM basA jUnA Aja sUnA hai / yahA~ vartamAna tIna nagarI ke anekoM ImAratoM aura bhagnA rUpa meM tIna mandiroM ke prArUpa dRSTigocara / yaha prAcIna sthala 10vIM zatAbdI se zatAbdI taka AbAda rahA / vizAla pahAr3iyoM meM yaha nagarI basI huI thI jisake avazeSa jUnA kI pahAr3iyoM para dasa mIla ke ghere kile kI prAcIroM evaM ImAratoM se avagata haiM / ye purAtatva kI dRSTi se atyanta hI gaM bane hue haiM jisakA abhI taka kisI kA sarvekSaNa nahIM huA hai / aba vinAza kI kagAra para khar3A hai| yahAM para bhI kirADU kI bhAMti prAkramaNakAriyoM kA tAMtA banA rhaa| karnala TaoNDa ke anusAra vi0saM0 1082 I0 san 1027 ) meM mahamUda gajanavI ke dvArA gujarAta jAte samaya cauhAnoM ke isa durga jUnA ko bhI vidhvaMsa kiyA gyaa| vi0saM0 1235 ( I0 san 1178 ) meM cauhAnoM se saMgharSa lete hue zahAbuddIna mauhammada gorI ne multAna se lodravA devakA kirAhna evaM jUnA para bhI zrAzramaNa kiyA / kirADU ke vikhyAta somanAtha mandira ko tor3A lUTA aura usameM Aga lagA dI / jUnA ke vikhyAta jaina mandiroM praura durga ko bhISaraNa rUpa se kSatigrasta kiyA / mahamUda gajanavI evaM mauhammada gorI ke AkramaNa ke bhaya se jUnA sthita jaina mandiroM kI mUrtiyoM kI rakSA ke lie unheM mandiroM evaM anya surakSita sthAnoM para sthita bhaMvaroM meM chipAne kI vyavasthA kI jAtI rahI / dasa disambara 1970 ko jUnA kI eka pahAr3I para vana vibhAga ke zramikoM dvArA vRkSa lagAte samaya kucha jaMna pratimAe~ milI jo prati prAcIna evaM khaNDita avasthA meM thI / yaha sthAna jUnA ke kile ko paridhi ke andara evaM vartamAna khaNDita jaina mandiroM se karIbana eka pharlAMga dUra pahAr3I para sthita hai / isa pahAr3I ke bhagnAvazeSoM evaM anya sthaloM kA avalokana karane para aisA anubhava hotA

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2-18 hai ki yahAM para vizAla evaM sundara zilpakalA kRtiyoM kA jaina mandira thaa| yahAM ke avazeSoM ko dekhane se mandira kA praveza dvAra zrRMgAra caukI, raMga maMDapa, sabhA maMDapa, mUla gambhArA, parikramA sthala, mandira ke cAroM zrora banI prAcIreM aura nIce utarane evaM car3hane ke lie pahAr3I ke donoM tarapha banI vizAla pakkI pASANoM kI pagadaNDI zrAja bhI titara-bitara avasthA meM vidyamAna haiM / jUnA yadyapi zrAja vinAza kI sthiti lie hue hai jahAM kevala bikhare pASANoM kI nagarI hI vidya mAna hai| pahAr3oM kI goda meM base isa aitihAsika evaM purAtatva kI dRSTi se paricAyaka jUnA vizAla nagarI bhora rAjadhAnI kA rUpa liye hue thA / zrAja jUnA kI pahAr3iyoM para dasa mIla ke ghere meM banA jUnA kA kilA dRSTigocara hotA hai jisake burja, sIDhiyoM, paridhi aura rAmaprAsAda bhAja bhI khaNDita avasthA meM prAcIna vIrocita kahAniyAM batA rahe hai / vizAla pahAr3iyoM para bane isa bhavya kile ke nIce talahaTI bhAga meM jUnA nagara basA hone ke avazeSa aba bhI prasaMkhya ImAratoM ke khaNDaharoM ke rUpa meM dikhAI dete hai| inhIM khaNDaharoM kI bastI meM bhagnAvazeSa rUpa liye jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke tIna jaina mandira aba bhI vidyamAna haiM jisake pASANa bhI dhIre dhIre jamIna kI sataha para Akara Ananda kI sAMsa lene ke liye zrAtura ho rahe haiN| jUnA ke jaina mandira ati prAcIna haiN| isakA ullekha zrI kSamAkalyANakRta kharataragaccha paTTAvalI meM kiyA huA hai ki uddharaNa maMtrI sakuTamba vi0saM0 1223 meM huA / isake putra kuladhara ne bAhar3amera ( jUnA ) nagara meM uttuMga toraNa kA jaina mandira banAyA / jUnA sthita jaina mandiroM meM cAra zilAlekha aba bhI vidyamAna hai jisameM vi0saM0 1296 ke zilAlekha meM jAlora ke mahArAjA zrI sAmaMta siMha deva cauhAna ke rAjya kA ullekha milatA hai / dUsare zilAlekha vi0saM0 1352 kA eka evaM vi0saM0 1366 ke do hai jisameM isa mandira ko UMce toraNa (uttuMgatoraNa) vAlA bhagavAna zrI zrAdimAtha jaina mandira honA batAyA hai aura isa mandira pratiSThA evaM nirmANa para gujarAta ke solaMkI bhI deva ke zAsana ke samaya calane vAlI dhanarAzi priyavizva ke kharca hone kA ullekha kiyA gayA cauthe lekha vi0 saM0 1693 meM isa sthAna jaina tIrtha sthAna hone kI mahattA batAI hai / ina jaina mandiroM kI bastI meM bhagnAvazeSa meM khar3I ImAratoM meM prAcIreM haiM to hRta nadAra khambhe hai to toraNa gAyaba, pharza hai to sIr3hiya lApatA, gambhAre haiM to mUrtiyAM nahIM yadi kucha hai| cAroM ora bikhare zilpakalA kRtiyoM ke pASA hI pASANa / vi0saM0 1223 meM uddharaNa maMtrI ke putra kulapa dvArA bAr3amera (junA) meM banAye uttu Mga toraNa zrI prAdinAtha bhagavAna ke jaina mandira para zrIzrAca jinezvarasUrijI ne vi0saM0 1283 mAhavadI 2 dina dhvajA phaharAI | zrI prAcArya jinezvarasUrija ke tatvAdhAna meM vi0saM0 1309 mAgha sudi 10 dina pAlanapura meM pratiSThA mahotsava prAyojita hu aura seTha sahajArAma ke putra bacchar3a ne bAr3ame (junA) Akara bar3e utsava ke sAtha do svarNa kala kI pratiSThA karavA kara zrI AdinAtha mandira zikhara para car3hAye | vi0saM0 1312 meM jinezvarasUri ke ziSya caNDatilaka ne 'abhayakumA caritra' mahAkAvya yahAM prArambha kiyA / zrIzrAcA jinaprabodhasUri ne yahAM bi0sa0 1330 maMgasa vadI caturthI ke dina padyavIra, sudhAkalaza, tilaka kIrti, lakSmIkalaza, nemiprabhU, hematilaka bhaura ne tilaka ko bar3e samAroha ke sAtha dIkSita kiyA jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kA jUnA ( bAhar3amera) tIrtha sva rahA hai / yahAM kaI prAcArya mahAtmAnoM ne prAka caturmAsa kiye aura kaI dhArmika graMthoM kI racanA bhI kI / zrI zrAcArya kuzalasUri ne vi0saM0 138 meM sAMcora se Akara bAhar3amera (jUnA) meM caturmA kiyA / zrI prAcArya padmasUri bAr3amera Aye jinaka

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lAgata tatkAlIna cauhAna rANA zrI zikharasiMha vika, sAha pratApasiMha, zAha sAtasiMha Adi ne gyaa| isa prakAra jaina sAdhu santoM prAcArya mahAtmAnoM isa nagarI meM barAbara zrAgamana hotA rahA / ' ke prosavAla pArakha gotrIya dekozAha ke putra ne 10saM0 1521 meM dIkSA grahaNa kI jo Age calakara vAcArya jinasamudrasUri ke nAma se lokapriya hue / jUnA sthita jaina mandiroM kI zilpakalA pAlI meM sthita jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke vikhyAta raNakapura evaM sirohI jile ke mAuMTa zrAbU bane delavAr3A jaina mandiroM kI bhAMti yahAM ke re bhUre pASANa para kalAkRta kI gaI hai / mandira chateM aba bhI vidyamAna haiM inake andara bane vajoM meM zilpakalA ko atyanta hI sundara tarIke pASANoM para a Mkita karane kA prayAsa kiyA mI hai| lekina ye chateM jagaha jagaha TUTane ke kAraNa ke andara bane bar3e bar3e chidroM se Ane vAlI zanI kI kiraNeM avazya hI sApha dikhAI dene matI haiM / mandira ke khambhoM para prAcIroM ke cAroM aura pAvaToM, gambhAroM zrAdi anekoM bhAgoM meM zilpa lA ke utkRSTa namUne dekhane ko milate haiM / ina jor3a zilpakalA ke zrAkAra na kevala zila saundarya batAte haiM apitu ye prAcIna purAtatva sambandhI nakArI se bhI darzakoM ko lAbhAnvita karate haiM / toraNa vAle zrI zrAdinAtha bhagavAna ke mandira kucha chateM pahale hI gira cukI thIM kucha girAI maura kucha girane ke liye svayaM hI prAtura ho haiN| ina chatoM ke nIce bane gumbajoM kI zilpa atyanta hI sundara hai inameM lakSmI sarasvatI zakti kI pratimAeM zrAja bhI na kevala darzanIya prapitu kalA kI dRSTi se dekhane lAyaka haiM / mandira ke atirikta do anya mandira bhI vimAna haiM lekina usake pArzva bhAga ke atirikta bhI nahIM hai / pAsa meM bikhare khaNDahara inako samatA evaM zilpakalA kA avazya hI paricaya de S. 2-19 jUnA ko prAcIna jaina tIrtha sthAna mAnane ke kAraNa zrAja bhI bAr3amera nagara evaM AsapAsa ke kaI jaina parivAra isakI yAtrA kara tIrtha yAtrA kA lAbha uThAte haiN| yahAM para abhI bhI jana dharmAvalambiyoM ke kaI parivAra zAdI, vivAha, keza muNDana prAdi zubha avasaroM para niyamita rUpa se anivArya yAtrA karate haiN| yahAM bane tIrtha kSetra ke rakSaka kSetrapAla jI kA pramukha sthAna darzanIya evaM pUjanIya banA huA hai, jisake Age eka choTA sA kuNDa havya se sadA bharA rahatA hai / bAr3amera jaina samAja ke mAlU gotra ke janasamudAya ko vivAha Adi avasaroM para anivArya rUpa se yahAM kI yAtrA karanI par3atI hai| yahAM kaI satiyoM evaM mahApuruSoM ke smAraka sthala bhI bane hue haiM jahAM para samaya samaya para choTe paimAne para meloM kA Ayojana bhI hotA hai / jaina mandiroM evaM bilakhate isa pASANoM kI nagarI meM zrAbAdI zUnya mAtra hI hai parantu isakI goda meM mIThe pAnI ke kucha kueM avazya hI haiM / ina kutroM se bhAsapAsa kI kaI DhANiyoM ke loga pIne kA pAnI aura pazuoMoM ko niyamita rUpa se yahAM lAkara pAnI pilAte haiM / ye kueM bhI aitihAsika gatividhiyoM ke pramukha zrAkarSaNa rahe hai / eka pracalita dantakathA evaM aitihAsika ghaTanA ke AdhAra para kahA jAtA hai ki isa samaya pazcimI pAkistAna sthita amarakoTa kA rAjakumAra mahendrA apanI lodravA (jaisalamera) kI mUmala premikA se niyamita rUpa se rAtri ko milane ke liye isI mArga se gujarA karatA thA aura apanI savArI ke UMTa ko jUnA ke isI kueM para pAnI pilAtA aura thor3e samaya ke lie svayaM bhI sustA letA thA / yaha aitihAsika premakathA bhI jUnA kI marubhUmi ke sAtha jur3I hone kA gaurava prApta kiye hue hai / bartamAna jUnA ke nAma se vikhyAta aitihAsika sthala prAcIna samaya meM jUnA bAhar3amera, bAr3ameru, bAhar3agirI, bAppar3AU Adi anekoM nAmoM se vikhyAta nagara rahA hai| isa nagara kI sthApanA

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2-20 paramAra dharaNIvarAha yA gharaNIdhara rAjA ke putra sabase adhika upayukta samajhA jAtA hai / bAhar3a (vAgbhaTTa) ne vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatI ke aitihAsika sthAna para nirmANa kalA ke mAra uttarArddha meM vi0saM0 1059 ke pazcAt kI / mutA namUnoM ke rUpa meM kue, tAlAba, pagavAva mani naiNasI ne bhI dharaNIvarAha ke putra bAhar3a-chAhar3a kilA Adi aba bhI vidyamAna hai lekina i hone kA ullekha kiyA hai / 'vAgbhaTTameru' zabda kA koI surakSA nahIM hai, ve dinoM dina vikhara rahe. ullekha cauhAna cAciga deva ke saMghAmAtA mandira nAkor3A-rAjasthAna pradeza ke pariNI ke vi0saM0 1319 ke zilAlekhoM meM milatA hai| bhU-bhAga meM prakRti ke nayanAbhirAma dRzyoM, prANa bhATa sAhitya ke anusAra 11vIM zatAbdI ke pAsa sthApatya evaM zilpakalAkRtiyoM ke bejor3a namaH posa isa kSetra para brAhmaNa zAsaka vAppar3a kA Adhunika sAja sajjA se paripUrNa, dhArmika dhI prAdhipatya thA aura usane apane nAma para isa nagara koraNa se bhArata vikhyAta jaina dhrmaavlmbiyoN| kA nAmakaraNa bAppar3AU rkhaa| bAr3a brAhmaNa ke suprasiddha jaina tIrtha zrI nAkor3A pArzvanAtha rAjasa vazajoM se 12vIM zatAbdI meM paramAra dharaNIvarAha pradeza ke bAr3amera jile ke bAlotarA ko ke vaMzaja bAhar3a cAhar3a ne lekara isakA nAma 7 mIla dura aitihAsika nagarI jasaula. bAhar3amera-bAhar3ameru rakhA / vi0saM0 17vIM zatAbdI mallInAtha kI sAdhanA bhUmi tilavAr3A,rAThaura rAjA taka yahI sthAna bAhar3amera ke nAma se jAnA jAtA kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI va vaiSNava dharmAvalamki rhaa| prauraMgajeba ke samaya vi0saM0 1744 ke ke lokapriya tIrtha kher3a ke pAsa gaganacumbI pahA lagabhaga yahAM para vIra durgAdAsa rAThaur3a kA nivAsa ke bIca meM jisake cAroM ora vizAla kAle rahA / rAThaur3a durgAdAsa ne bAdazAha auraMgajeba ke pASANoM kI pahAr3iyoM evaM eka tarapha marubhUmi pautra, akabara ke putra aura putrI bulanda akhtara aura paricAyaka retIlI reta kA TIlA hai| isameM saphiyAyunnisA ko yahIM jUnA ke durga meM surakSita ke sAhitya, zilpa evaM sthApatya kalA meN| rakhA thaa| jUnA kA prAcIna durga paramAroM aura dharmAvalambiyoM kA vizeSa yogadAna rahA hai| cauhAnoM kI dena hai| aitihAsika ghaTanA cakroM ke ke pratyeka kSetra meM sUkSma zilpakalAkRtiyoM gaganacura bIca isa para choTe bar3e AkramaNa barAbara hote rahe ImAratoM ke rUpa meM aneka jaina tIrthasthAna bne| jisake kAraNa isakA patana honA prArambha hogayA haiN| ina dhArmika zRMkhalAmoM meM kar3I jor3ane kA aura dhIre dhIre yahA~ ke loga AsapAsa ke sthAnoM zvetAmbara jaina tItha zrI nAkor3A pArzvanAtha para jAkara basane lge| vi.sa. 1640 taka isa bhI prAcIna vaibhava sundara zilpakalA, dAnadAtA nagara ke AbAda hone ke kAraNa vartamAna jUnA hI kI udAratA aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi tyA bAhar3amera kahalAtA thaa| vi0saM0 1608 meM rAvata munivaroM kA preraNA kendra, tapasviyoM kI mAtra bhImAjI ne svataMtra rUpa se bAr3amera basAyA jo bhUmi, purAtatva vizeSajJoM kI jijJAsA mA ajakala rAjasthAna pradeza kA jilA mukhyAvAsa hai| jainAcAryoM dvArA upadeza dekara nirmita anekoM hai| registAna ke prAMcala meM basA yaha sthAna pratimAoM kA saMgrahAlaya pArzvaprabhu ke janma kalyA bAr3amera nagara se 14 mIla dUra jasAI ke pAsa ke mele kI puNya bhUmi aAdhunika vAtAvaraNa pahAr3iyoM kI goda meM patharIlIbhUmi meM AyA huA paripUrNa deza kA gaurava banI huI haiN| hai| bAr3amera se jasAI taka pakkI Da mara kI sar3aka, nAkor3A sthala kA prAcIna itihAsa se ko banI huI hai mAge kacce rAste se jAnA par3atA hai| sambandha hai| vi0 saM0 3 meM isa sthAna ke yahAM taka pahuMcane ke liye jIpa yAtAyAta kA sAdhana hone kA prAbhAsa milatA hai / yadyapi isa samaya

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2-21 meM koI pratyakSa pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai phira bhI nAma se vikhyAta hai| jo 15 vIM zatI meM puna: kucha prAcIna gItoM bhajanoM evaM cAraNa bhAToM kI dhIre-dhIre AbAda huA aura 17vIM zatAbdI taka janazruti ke anusAra vIramadaMta evaM nAkorasena AbAda hI rhaa| usa samaya yahAM karIbana 2700 donoM bandhutroM ne kramazaH vIramapura evaM nAkora nagaroM jaina parivAroM kI janabastI thii| lekina Aja kI sthApanA kI thii| prAcArya sthUlIbhadrasUri kI mAtra kevala jaina tIrthazrI nAkor3A ke atirikta nizrA meM vIramapura meM zrI candrapnabhU kI evaM nAkora koI parivAra isa sthala para nahIM rahatA hai / saikar3oM meM zrI suvidhinAtha kI jina pratimAnoM kI pratiSThA khaNDahara nAkor3A jaina mandira ke pAsa Aja bhI krvaaii| vIra nirvANa saM0 281 meM samrATa apane prAcIna vaibhava, zilpakalA, nirmANa azoka ke pautra ne, vI0ni0 saM0 605 meM ujjaina kalA ke pratIka bane hue haiN| bhAkharI ke ke vikramAditya ne, vI0 ni0 saM0 532-vi0 sa0 samIpa rAjadaravAra ke avazeSa aba bhI vidyamAna 82-meM AcArya zrI mAnatugasUri dvArA ina jina haiN| isa sthAna se prAdhA mIla dUra mevAnagara gAMva mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA gyaa| vi0 saM0 AyA huprA hai| 415 meM AcArya devasUri ne vIramapura meM, 421 meM nAkor3A jaina tIrtha sthAna kI paridhi meM mukhya nAkora nagara ke ina mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karavA tIna vizAla zikhara dhArI jaina mandira, kaI choTe kara pratiSThA sampanna krvaaii| isake pazcAt navIM zikharoM kI deva gumbaja, do vaiSNava mandira vidyamAna zatAbdI meM jIrNoddhAra kArya prArambha huaa| haiM jisameM sabase purAnA eva vartamAna mukhya vi0 sa0 909 meM vIramapura nivAsI tAter3a gotrIya zrI nAkor3A pArzvanAtha svAmI kA jina mandira seTha harakacanda ne jIrNoddhAra karavA kara zrI mahAvIra hai| jo samaya samaya para vinaSTa evaM vidhvaMsa svAmI kI pratimA pratiSThita krvaaii| usake hotA rahA aura isakA jIrNoddhAra calatA hI rahA / pazcAt mugala AkramaNakArI nIti ke bhaya se isa isa mandira meM pratiSThita bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra sthAna se jina pratimAoM ko anyatra surakSita le svAmI kI pratimA ke sthAna para saM0 1429 meM jAyA gyaa| vi0 saM0 1133 meM zrI mahAvIra puNyAtmA jinadatta zrAvaka ko svapna meM nAkora svAmI kI pratimA ko mandira meM virAjamAna kiyA nagara ke samIpa zrI zyAmavarNI pAzvanAtha kI nagara gayA lekina kucha paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa isakI pratimA ke hone kA prAbhAsa milA |prtimaa nAkora vi0 saM0 1223 meM vIramapura sakala saMgha ne punaH se prApta huii| usako kahAM pratiSThita kiyA jAya pratiSThA krvaaii| vi0 saM0 1200 meM mugala isa para nAkora nagara evaM vIramapura ke jaina samudAya bAdazAha pAlamazAha ne vIramapura evaM nAkora nagaroM meM vivAda zurU ho gayA / binA bailoM ke ratha para para aAkramaNa kara khulakara vinAza kiyaa| usa pratimA virAjamAna kI aura antima nirNaya liyA ki samaya ina donoM sthAnoM kA karIbana 120 se jahAM ratha rukegA vahIM pratimA pratiSThita kI jaavegii| bhI adhika pratimAnoM ko surakSA hetu na.kora nagara ratha vIramapura A rukA ataH pratimA vIramapura ke se 2 mIla dUra kAlIdaha-nAgadaha-pahAr3I meM jAkara mandira meM pratiSThita karavAI gii| tabhI se yaha chipAyA gyaa| sthala zrI nAkor3A pArzvanAtha ke nAma se khyAti __ vinAza kI ghaTanAcakroM se grasta vIramapura ajita karane lagA hai| aitihAsika gatividhiyoM ke sAtha badalatA rhaa| nAkor3A tIrtha ke isa zrI pArzvanAtha jaina yaha vibhinna samaya meM bIramapura, mahebA, mahevAnagara mandira kA vizAla zikhara aura usake prAjU bAjU mevAnagara evaM vartamAna zrI nAkor3A pArzvanAtha ke do sundara zikhara haiM / mandira meM mUla ganna gUTha

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2-29 maNDapa. sabhA maNDapa, nava caukI, zRMgAra caukI, bhArata-pAka vibhAjana ke samaya sindha pradeza ke jharokhe bane hue haiM jo sAdhAraNa se haiM jinheM aba hAlAnagara se prAI pratimAoM kA sundara caumukhI saMgamaramara pASANoM ko bArIko zilpakalAkRtiyoM mandira noce bhUmigRha, sAmane do deva chatariyAM se sajAyA jA rahA hai| mandira meM pratiSThita teIsa vanI haI hai| isa mandira meM saM0 1512, 1562, iJca kI zyAmavarNI zrI pArzvanAtha svAmI kI 1632 evaM 1647 ke prAcIna zilAlekha vibhinna bhavya pratimA hai jisake AjUbAjU zveta saMgamaramara sthAnoM para dRSTigocara hote haiN| yaha mandira kI do usI sAija kI zrI pArzvanAtha kI pratimA lAchIbAI derAsara ke nAma se bhI pahacAnA virAjamAna haiN| mUla mandira tIna daravAjoM meM jAtA hai / prAyA huA hai| mandira se tIrthoddhAraka prAcArya isa tIrthasthAna kA tIsarA mukhya mandira zrI zrI kItiratnasUri kI pIle pASANa kI pratimA zAntinAtha prabhu kA hai| jisakA nirmANa sukhamAvirAjamAna hai jisa para saM0 1536 kA lekha bhI lIsI gAMva ke seTha mAlAzAha saMkhaleza ne apanI vidyamAna hai / inake sAmane tIrtha adhiSTAyaka deva mAtA kI icchA para saM0 1518 meM karavAyA thA / zrI bhairava jI kI sundara, kalAtmaka evaM AkarSaka mUla zrI zAntinAtha prabhu kI pratimA isameM pratiSThita pratimA pratiSThita hai| jinake camatkAroM se isa karane se yaha mandira zrI zAntinAtha mandira evaM tIrtha kI dinoM dina khyAti ho rahI hai| pAsa meM mAlAzAha mandira ke nAma se vikhyAta ho gayA / jaina pacatIrthI, pratimAoM kI zAla evaM do bhUmigRha isakA nirmANa mAlAzAha kI bahana lAchIbAI bhI bane hue haiN| isa mandira kI paMcatIrthI meM dvArA banAye zrI RSabhadeva mandira ke 6 varSa bAda pratiSThita jina pratimA samprati rAjA dvArA nirmANa meM krvaayaa| mandira meM mAuNTa AbUke delavAr3A kI huI hai| mandira meM nirmANa sambandhI saM0 jaina mandiroM kI bhAMti sundara zilpakalA hai| 1638, 1667, 1678, 1682, 186 evaM mandira vizAla hai jisake cAroM kinAroM para cAra 1865 ke prAcIna zilAlekha bhI mayUda hai| devaliyAM, eka bhUmigRha bhI isakI zobhA banAye huye zrI nAkoDA pArzvanAtha jinAlaya ke pIche kucha hai| mandira meM kAusamga pratimAno para saM0 1202 UMcAI para vartamAna zrI Adezvara bhagavAna kA kA lekha sabase prAcIna hai / saM0 1518, 1604, zilpakalAkRtiyoM kA khajAnA lie hara jina 1614, 1666 evaM 1910 ke prAcIna nirmANa mandira vidyamAna hai| isa mandira kA nirmANa evaM pratiSThA sambandhI lekha vidyamAna haiN| vIramapura kI rahane vAlI evaM seTha mAlAzAha kI ina jaina mandiroM kI bastI vizAla tIsa phITa bahana lAchI bAI ne karavA kara isakI UMcI cAradivArI meM AI huI hai| jisameM saikar3oM pratiSThA saM0 1512 meM krvaaii| usa samaya mUla AvAsa hetu sundara evaM suvidhAjanaka kamaroM kA pratimA ke rUpa meM zrI vimalanAtha svAmI kI pratimA nirmANa kiyA huA hai| isa cAra divArI meM thI lekina aba mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM zvetavarNa kI bhojanazAlA, pustakAlaya, bar3I va choTI per3hI, saMdha rAjA samprati ke kAla meM banI huI zrI RSabhadeva sabhA maMDapa, modIkhAnA, bistara-vartana sTora, pAnI bhagavAna kI pratimA virAjamAna hai| mandira kI kA kuAM, Adi mAye huye haiM / isake atirikta vizAla zikhara para banI vibhinna prAkRtiyoM kI vaiSNava dharmAvalambiyoM kA saM0 1689 meM rAva sundara pratimAeM zilpakalA ke bejor3a namUne haiN| jagamAla kA banAyA zrI raNachor3a mandira mAyA mandira ke sabhI maNDapa evaM unake zikhara mandira huA hai / eka mahAdeva kA zrI bhairava bhojanazAlA * ko sundaratA meM cAra cAMda jar3e hue haiN| ke samIpa sAdhAraNa banA huA mandira hai| maMdira

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2-23 ke cAra dikArI ke bAhara Adarza vistara bhaMDAra tthaanii| seTha parivAra isa para apanA apamAna karmacAriyoM ke AvAsa gRha, cikitsAlaya, prAdhunika samajhakara isa sthAna ko chor3akara jaisalamera evaM hoTala, gozAlA, sundara bagIcA bhI banA huA hai| bAr3amera kI ora cala diyaa| yaha ghaTanA 17 vIM mandiroM kI isa nagarI meM mUla mandira kI sUrajapola zatAbdI kI thii| isa ghaTanA se sampUrNa jaina ke sAmane bhAkharI para zrI jinadattasUri kI caraNa samAja yahAM se cale jAne se tIrtha kI vyavasthA pAdukAoM kI sundara chatarI banI huI hai| jahAM khaTAI meM par3a gii| karIbana do sau se adhika varSoM taka navanirmita sIr3hiyoM bana jAne se prAne jAne taka isa tIrtha kA bahumukhI vikAsa ruka gayA lekina meM suvidhA huI hai| isake nIce eka tarapha bhairava sAdhvI zrI sundarazrI jI ne yahAM Akara isake bandhA banA huA hai| jisake Age kI bhAkharI cahuMmukhI vikAsa meM jI jAna kI bAjI lagA dii| para zrI kIrtiratnasUri, zrI jayasAgarasUri evaM jisake pariNAmasvarUpa prAja zrI nAkor3A pArzvanAtha zrI kRpAsAgara kI caraNapAdukAeM liye chatarI unnati ke zikhara para hai| banI huI haiN| zrI jinadattasUri chatarI ke pIche aura zrI nAkor3A pArzvanAtha jaina tIrtha kI yAtrA ke zrI kItiratnasUri chatarI ke Age bikhare khaNDaharoM liye jodhapura-bAr3amera rela mArga ke bAlotarA ko bastI evaM kucha TUTe phUTe mandira Aja bhI sTezana para utaranA par3atA hai| bAlotarA se prAcIna vaibhava, zilpakalA evaM itihAsa kA smaraNa nAkor3A sAta mIla pakkI sar3aka mArga se jur3A humA karavA rahe haiN| nAkor3A mandira ke pIche 1200 hai vahAM pratidina do basoM kA niyamita rUpa se pAnA phITa kI UMcI pahAr3I para selAvata tAlAba ke jAnA hotA hai ! mele ke dinoM meM basa yAtAyAta kinAre zrI neminAtha bhagavAna kI caraNa pAdukA kA tAMtA lagA hI rahatA hai| bAlotarA-nAkor3A eka chatarI meM virAjamAna haiM jisake nIce zrI taka TelIphona vyavasthA bhI hai| marUdharA ke retIle jinaka zalasUri kI caraNa pAdukAeM eka chatarI meM bhUbhAga meM yaha tIrtha na kevala rAjasthAna kI prAcIna. banI huI hai| yahAM pahuMcane ke liye pakkI sIDhiyoM aitihAsika jAnakArI kA kendra hI hai apitu kA nirmANa kiyA huaA hai| purAtatva jijJAsuoM kA mukhya AkarSaNa evaM zraddhAlu prAkRtika thaper3oM, mugala zAsakoM kI prAkramaNa bhaktoM kA patita pAvana taraNa tAraNa tIrtha sthala nIti ke atirikta isa tIrtha kI vinAza kI eka bhI hai| karuNa kahAnI bhI rahI hai| seTha mAlAzAha saMkhalecA ke kala ke zrI nAnaka saMkhalecA kI sthA bhUracanda jaina nIya zAsaka putra ne unakI lambI evaM sundara coTI jUnI caukI kA bAsa kATakara apane ghor3e ke liye cAbuka banAne kI bAr3amera-rAjasthAna

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bAla mahAvIra stavana ----zrI anokhIlAla ajamerA, indaura jagiye, vaizAlI naMda, bAla vRda ThAr3e trisalA mAM harasI harasI pyAra se pukAre / jaagiye| bhora bhaI kujana meM kokilA pukAra rahI, dvAre svara zahanAI bhairavI gujAya rhii| aruNa svarNa razmi, bAlacandra ko nihAre / jAgiye / madhura madhura musaka, sisaka, naina nahiM bhare abasa / macala, macala, hAtha paTaka, pAMva ko pasAre / jAgiye / mAM mukha nihAra rahI, hAtha ko bar3hAya rahI, naTa khaTa mahAvIra ko, caTa cUmike uThAye / sakhiye saba daur3a par3I, lAla leve ko hor3a par3I, gorasa, gilAsa koU, mohaka bar3hAye / jAgiye / jhUmi, jhUmi sakhiyeM, mahAvIra ko uThAya rahIM, macala uThe jhaTa paTa sneha se pucakAra rhiiN| aMgulI pakara mAta saMga, tAta pAsa lAye / jaagiye| ThumarU ThumarU calata cAla, sAtha liye deva bAla, nirakhata anokhI chaTA, bali bali hama jAveM / jAgiye /

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vIra ke anuyAyiyoM kA kalA prema paM0 zrI udaya jaina, kAnor3a bhAvoM kI abhivyakti kalA kahalAtI hai| nRtya-saMgIta aura abhinaya pratyeka prANI apanI kalA se bhAvoM kI abhivyakti jainiyoM ne ina kalAoM kI rakSA eva vRddhi ke karatA hai| choTe se choTA prANI bhI kalAvida hotA liye gaMdharva varga taiyAra kiyA jo samaya samaya para hai to mAnava jaisA sujJa prANI kalA ke prati adhika janatA meM dharma pracAra ke lie ina kalAoM kA utkarSa kare yaha svAbhAvika hI hai| mAnava samAja vistAra karatA rhaa| maMdiroM meM, sArvajanika, dhArmika vizva ke aneka rASTroM meM vibhakta rahA hai aura rahegA utsavoM meM tathA jalasoM meM prAyaH huna gaMdhavoM kA honA mataH kalA kA utkarSa bhI vibhinna kSetroM meM alaga mahatvapUrNa mAnA jAtA thA / yaha varga hara samaya aura alaga DhaMga se hotA pAyA hai| hara sthAna para AmaMtrita kiyA jAtA thA aura sAmAnyatayA jisameM mAnava samudAya kA Aka- bar3e prAdara se jainI loga inakI khAne, rahane evaM rSaNa adhika ho kalA kahalAtI hai| cauMsaTha aura bhojana Adi kI vyavasthA ke sAtha inAma tathA bahattara kalAoM kA prAcIna jaina granthoM meM varNana pratiphala rUpa meM unake parivAra poSaNa ke lie milatA hai| strI aura puruSa meM kucha kalAeM samAna nizcita mudrAe bhI dete the| hotI haiM aura kucha bhinna hotI haiM lekina donoM kI jaina mandiroM meM sAmAnyataH gaNa vAdya yantroM kalAnoM ke varNana tathA bheda alaga-alaga mAne gaye ke sAtha nRtya saMgIta karate rahate haiN| yaha prathA purAtana kAla se calI A rahI hai| ise acchA vizva meM nRtya, abhinaya, saMgIta, sUcI, kASTha, dharma kAyaM mAnate haiN| abhinaya bhI samaya samaya para sthApatya, kSetra, pAka, nirmANa, mudraNa, lipi, saMbhA- kiye jAte rahe haiN| ve gaMdhoM kI taraha apanA kArya SaNa, citra, dhAtu, caurya, zAsana, AkarSaNa, vijJAna, karate rahate haiM / gaMdharva samaya samaya para abhinaya bhI taranA, vaktRtva, yuddha, mUrti, indrajAla, sammohana karate Aye haiN| mAdi kalAe pramukha haiM / jaina granthoM meM sabhI kalAoM citrakArI kA varNana milatA hai| lekina pramukhatayA vyavahAra vRkSa-patra, kAgaja, tAmra-patra, mitti, kASTha, meM upayogI mAnakara jina jina kalAoM kA pratIta kapar3A, bhUmi, reta, evaM pattharoM para citrakArI kA kAla meM pracalana huA ve pramukha mAnI gaI, yathA kArya bahuta hI prAcIna samaya se jainiyoM meM pracalita nRtya, abhinaya, citra, sthApatya, mUrti, zAsana ,pAka, hai| tAr3a patra evaM anya bhoja Adi vRkSa patroM para saMbhASaNa, saMgIta, kASTha mAdi / atIta meM jainiyoM citrakArI jaina saMgrahAlayoM me abhI taka bhI surakSita ne uparyukta kalAoM meM bahuta rasa liyA aura dharma hai| bar3e-bar3e bhaNDAroM meM tAmrapatra evaM paTa para bhI ke pracAra meM bhI inakA sahArA liyaa| citra bahutAyata se pAye jAte haiN| ina kAryoM meM jaina

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2-26 sAdhu ra yatiyoM evaM bhaTTArakoM ne bar3I mahatva - pUrNa bhUmikA adA kI hai / Apa dekheMge ki hastalikhita granthoM meM jagaha-jagaha citroM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai / lipi kI sundaratA aura sajAvaTa meM isase cAra cAMda laga gaye haiM / bhitti citroM kI zramiTatA eka mahatvapUrNa kArya hai jo bar3I bar3I guphAoM aura mandiroM meM saiMkar3oM varSoM se abhI bhI vidyamAna hai / jainiyoM ne citrakalA ko dharma sthAnoM para bahuta camakAyA hai aura dharma granthoM meM bhI tapa varNana, ratha, kamala zrAdi citroM dvArA tathA kAvya racanA bhI isI taraha citroM meM pradarzita kI haiM / yahAM taka ki lakSyA, loka evaM anya tatva-vicAraprasaMgoM ko bhI citroM meM aMkita kara sAdhAraNa janatA taka pahuMcane kI koziza kI gaI hai / bhArata meM sabase adhika citrakalA kA pracAra-prasAra aura rakSaraNa jainiyoM ne kiyA aura Aja bhI kara rahe haiN| unhoMne apane bhavya mandiroM, bhavanoM aura dharma sthAnoM ko sajAne kI yahI uttama kalA apanAI huI hai| paTa, kASTha, bhitti aura kAgaja ke citra to pratyeka dhama sthAnaka meM sadA vartamAna the, haiM aura raheMge | nivAsa sthAnoM meM bhI inakA vartana atyadhika hai / reta ke citroM kA alpa samaya ke lie mArga darzana ke lie sAdhu, yAtrI gantavya sthAna ko batAne ke liye prayoga karate the aura bar3I bar3I caTTAnoM para chaMgI se banAye hue citra prAja bhI prAcIna samaya ke surakSita haiM tathA bhavatoM meM Aja bhI pattharoM para citroM kI paccIkArI kA tathA kapar3oM para bhI paccIkArI va kalAbUtI kA kArya barAbara vyavahAra meM A rahA hai, jainIloga kA dharmakArya kA adhikAMza paisA mandira nirmANa evaM citrakArI meM hI kharca hotA hai / unhoMne citrakalA ke pracAra evaM prasAra meM bar3A sahayoga diyA aura de rahe haiM / mUrti evaM nirmANa kalA jainiyoM meM prAcIna kalA se dhanikoM kI adhikatA hone evaM zAsana hAtha meM hone se acche-acche prAsAda, maMdira, bAvar3iyA~, dharmazAlAeM, auSadha - zAlAe', pauSadhazAlAeM, zraura vidyAzAlAeM banAI haiM, jo bahuta se sthAnoM para abhI taka bhI surakSita haiM / jainiyoM meM rAjA, dIvAna tathA seTha adhika hue haiN| unhoMne hara kSetra meM apane dharma ke pracAra prasAra eva mAnava hita ke lie bhavana banAye aura banA rahe haiM / mandira, dharmazAlAeM, sthAnaka, pauSadhazAlAe N, vidyAlaya, zroSadhAlaya, aspatAla Adi abhI bhI pracura mAtrA meM banAte jA rahe haiN| mUrtikalA kA udUbhava evaM pracAra-prasAra bhI jainiyoM dvArA hI adhika huA hai, aisA itihAsajJa mAnate haiM / mUrtikalA ke sAtha sthApatya kalA evaM zilpa kalA kA pracAraprasAra jainiyoM dvArA hI kiyA gayA hai / granthoM va sUtroM ko surakSita rakhane lie mandiroM meM sAre ke sAre sUtra khudavA diye haiM / acche acche vAkya to hara mandira meM likhe yA khude mileMge prazasti pratyeka bhavana aura mandira meM vartamAna meM bhI khudI huI hai / jainiyoM ne mUrtikalA meM saundarya evaM AkarSaNa paidA karane meM atyadhika dhana vyaya kiyA hai aura kara rahe haiN| sabhI tIrthaMkaroM, zAsana deviyoM evaM anya taraha ke mAnya devoM kI mUrtiyAM jaina loga nirmita karAte haiM / yuddha evaM vaktRtva kalA jainiyo ne prAcIna kAla meM bar3e-bar3e yuddha kiye the, phalataH ve yuddha kalA meM bar3e hoziyAra the| cUMki ve zAsana karane vAle rAjA yA amAtya pada para zobhita hote the / jainI sAdhutroM ne apane dharma pracAra hita vaktavya kalA ko prAcIna kAla se apanAyA aura Aja bhI apanAye hue haiN| inake bhASaNa sunane ke liye dUsare majahaba ke loga bhI acchI tAdAda meM ekatrita hote haiM / vaktRtva kalA ne vAda-vivAda meM bhI jainiyoM ko sadA vijaya dilAI hai / sAdhu evaM sAdhviyAM isa kArya meM bar3I vicakSaraNa hotI haiM /

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2-27 mudraNa aura lipi kalA ko prArambha karane meM RSabhadeva sarIkhe jaina jainiyoM ke sUtra evaM anya prAcIna kAla meM hAtha pramukha the aura donoM zAsana kalAe unhoMne pracalita se likhe jAte the| bar3e-bar3e lipika isa kArya ko kI, jo samaya-samaya bar3hatI ghaTatI huI Aja bhI karate the| inheM pracura dhana dekara utsAhita kiyA vidyamAna haiN| jAtA thaa| aAja bhI jainiyoM ke dharma grantha evaM dhAtu, kASTha evaM prastara kalA (zilpakalA) pustakeM atyadhika mAtrA meM chapatI haiM aura likhAI jAtI haiN| isase donoM kalAmoM ko protsAhana inakA sAmAnya varNana mUrtikalA meM A cuvA milatA hai| hai aura citrakArI meM bhI / lekina dhAtu prastara va kASTha kI mUrtiyAM tathA dhAtu prastara va kASTha para zAsanakalA citra banAne ke alAvA svayaM ko sundara DhaMga se dharmazAsana aura rAjya zAsana meM. jainiyoM ne banAne kA zilpa jo jainiyoM ne kAma meM liyA hai bar3I mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA adA kI hai / jainiyoM ke vaha Aja bhI usake bhavano aura maMdiroM meM vidyamAna jitane bhI tIrthakara hue haiM, ve sabhI prAyaH rAjya hai| sonA, cAMdI, pItala, lohA, kAMsya yA sabhI zAsana calAne vAlo meM se. the| adhikAMza AcArya kA sammizraNa, candana, Ama, sAgavAna Adi hara eva dharma gurU bhI kisI na kisI rAjavaMza se prakAra kI lakar3I tathA makarANA va sabhI anya sabadhita the, ataH donoM zAsanoM kI kalApro meM taraha ke pattharoM para jaisA zilpa kalA kA pradazana niSNAta the| dharmazAsana meM caturvidha sagha kI jainiyoM ne kiyA hai vaisA zAyada hI anya dharmAvasthApanA kara zAsana vyavasthA jamAI jA. prabhA taka lambiyoM ne kiyA ho| AbU aura anya jagahoM ke cala rahI hai| sagha meM sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka, zrAvi- mandiro meM karor3o rupayoM kI khudAI ke kAma karAye kAe apane apane sthAna para apana apane niyamoM sa haiN| isa taraha janoM ne kASThoM evaM dhAtuoM kI prAbaddha hokara dhama pracAra evaM dharma pAlana meM rata haiN| mUrtiyoM se lagAkara vartanAdi sabhI vyavahAra kI itanI sudara vyavasthAeM dI haiM ki jaina zAsana vastuoM ko kalA evaM mInAkArI se susajjita kiyA hajAroM varSa ke bAda bhI bhalI bhAMti cala rahA hai| hai| jainiyoM ne hIrA aura pannA taka kI mUrtiyAM tIrthakara hote taba tIrthaMkara, gaNadhara, prAcArya, banAkara isa kalA ko camakAyA hai| vyApArI koma upAdhyAya evaM sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka tathA zrAvikA hone aura ina sabakA vyApAra inake hAthoM meM hone rUpa meM vyavasthita zAsana calatA thA aura usake bAda se jaina loga hara taraha ke deva mandiroM aura gRha prAcArya, upAdhyAya evaM anya aMga barAbara cala rahe deviyoM ke prAbhUSaNa bhI bar3e uttama DhaMga aura nita haiM / dharmazAsana to inhIM ke hAthoM meM hai| zAsana naye AkarSaka DhaMga se banAne ke mAhira haiN| .

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2-28 amRtavAraNI -zrI ramezacandra jaina bAjhala sara. hu. saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, javarIbAga, nasiyA, indaura mahAvIra kI amRtavANI, samajheM prora samajhAnA hai| paccIsa sau vAM nirvANotsava, sArthaka hameM banAnA hai| sukha ke khAtira mAja jagat ne, bhautikatA hai apanAI / hiMsaka karma kareM vina soce, pariNati kaisI hai chAI // bhautikatA meM sukha samajheM, yaha bhrama meM par3A jamAnA hai| mahAvIra kI amRtavANI, samajha pora samajhAnA hai / jyoM jyoM icchA pUrNa kareM, tyoM tyoM hI bar3hatI jAyeM / icchAnoM kI tapti heta, nija samaba amUlya gamAyeM / / bhogoM se sukha nahIM mile, yaha samyak bAta batAnA hai| mahAvIra kI amRtavANI, samajha mora samajhAnA hai / satya ahiMsA ko apanAyeM, chor3e vyartha ke prADaMbara / zraddhA, jJAna, caritra ho samyaka kareM zubhAzubha kA saMvara // vItarAgamaya patha mAnava ko hamako punaH dikhAnA hai / mahAvIra kI amRtavANI samajhe aura samajhAnA hai| rahe paraspara bhrAtR bhAvanA, jIvana sukhamaya rahe sadA / dharmonnati ke patha para bar3haveM, bhaya vyAdhi nahIM hoya kadA // mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM se, svarga dharA para lAnA hai| mahAvIra kI amRtavANI samajhe aura samajhASA hai|

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zrI di0 jaina maMdira seThajI kI naziyAM, ajamera

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rAjasthAna kI prAcIna jaina martikalA -zrI vijayazaMkara zrIvAstava adhIkSaka, purAtatva evaM saMgrahAlaya vibhAga, jodhapura / prAcIna samaya se hI rAjasthAna jaina dharma va zrI kezI gaNadhara ne yahA~ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke skRti kA pramukha gar3ha rahA hai| usake vikAsa jIvanakAla ke 37veM varSa meM jIvanta svAmI ke prasAra meM rAjasthAna kA viziSTa yogadAna hai| mandira va pratimA kI pratiSThA kii| isa mandira eka pramukha prAcAryoM va jaina vidvAnoM kI yaha pramukha kA vi saM. 1425 vaizAkha sudi / ravivAra ko maryasthalI rahI, vibhinna sampradAyoM va gacchoM kA koraMTakagaccha ke prAcArya sAvadevasUri dvArA jIrNoddhAra hA udbhava va vikAsa humA tathA jaina saMgha kA kiyA jAkara kalaza, daMDa car3hAyA gayA-tathA devajasthAna ke jana-jIvana para adbhuta prabhAva rhaa| kulikAmoM meM 24 tIrthakaroM kI pratimAnoM kI rAjasthAna ke sAhitya, saMgIta, kalA va saMskRti ke pratiSThA kI gayI / kavi sundaragaNi (17vIM anya upAdAnoM ko jaina-dharma ne jisa prakAra prabhA- zatAbdI pUrvArdha) kI sUcanAnusAra gaMgANI (jodhavita va anuprANita kiyA-usake pariNAmasvarUpa pura se 28 ki. mI.) ke jaina mandira meM samrATa delavAr3A aura rANakapura jaise vizva-vizru ta jaina candragupta morya dvArA bhagavAna pAzrvanAtha dI svarNamandiroM kA yahA~ nirmANa huA, tIrthakaroM, prAcAryoM pratimA kI pratiSThA zruta kevalI bhadrabAhu dvArA prAdi kI sahasroM kI saMkhyA meM prastara evaM dhAtu karavAyI gayI / samrATa azoka ke pautra samprati mUrtiyAM nirmita huI, agaNita saMkhyA meM jaina kathA- dvArA aneka navIna jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa, purAne nakoM para hastalikhita grathoM kA Alekhana humA, mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra evaM agaNita jaina pratisaMcitra pANDulipiyoM, vijJapti patroM ke mAdhyama se mAnoM kI ina mandiroM meM prati ThA-paramparAnusAra rAjasthAnI citrakalA ko apane nizcita svarUpa bahata hI loka-pracalita hai| rAjasthAna ke bhI kaI nirdhAraNa meM paryApta sahAyatA milii| purAne jaina mandira va pratimAe~ samprati dvArA nirmita kiye jAne kI dhAraNA jana-sAdhAraNa meM . rAjasthAna ke madhyakAlIna abhilekhoM meM ullekha vyApta hai| TaoNDa ne kubhalamerU ke jaina mandira kA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pazcimI rAjasthAna ke nirmAtA samprati ko likhA hai / gor3avAr3a pradeza ke zrImAla (jAlora parisara kA bhInamAla) va arbuda- nAralAI (jilA pAlI) ke prAdinAtha mandira ke bhUmi (prAbU kSetra) meM svayaM padhAra kara use pavitra mUlanAyaka kI pratimA kI caraNa caukI para vi.saM. kiyA / prAbU roDa se lagabhaga 8 ki. mI. dUrastha 1686 kA abhilekha utkIrNa hai-jisameM isa maMdira maMgathalA (muDasthala) ke mandira ke dvArakhaNDa para ko mUlataH nirmita karAne kA zreya samprati ko utkIrNa visaM. 1426 ke abhilekha ke anusAra diyA gayA hai| gaMgANI meM padumaprabhu kI pratimA

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2-30 kI pratiSThA prAyaM suhasti dvArA vIra nirvANa saMvata nirmAtA kalAkAra sUtradhAra ustA mohana, harabaMsa, 203 meM samprati ke prazraya meM hI sampanna huii| dayAla va mathurA the| yadyapi ye sabhI ullekha va saMdarbha bahuta prAcIna nahIM haiN| ataH unakI aitihAsikatA vivAdAspada ho rAjasthAna ke vibhinna parisadoM meM jaina dharma sakatI hai parantu unase yaha to spaSTa hai hI ki evaM saMskRti kI AdhArazilA pAThavIM zatAbdI taka jana-mAnasa meM yaha dhAraNA balavatI hai ki rAja- paryApta sudRr3ha ho cukI thI / mevAr3a, gor3avAr3a, sthAna meM jaina dharma kI paramparA bahuta prAcIna hai| mAravAr3a, alavara-koTA kSetra isa dRSTi se mahatva pUrNa haiM / rAjasthAna meM racita prAcIna jaina sAhitya zuGga va kuSANa kAla meM sUrasena pradeza jaina dharma evaM bhagaNita jaina-mUrtiyoM ke pratiSThA-lekhoM kA va saMskRti kA pramukha kendra thA bhaura pUrvI rAja- adhyayana-isa dizA meM Avazyaka evaM gaveSya hai / sthAna usakA avibhAjya bhaMga thA ataH mathurA se suprasiddha jaina prAcArya haribhadrasUri cittaur3a-nivAsI jaina dharma kI lahara kA praveza rAjasthAna meM honA the aura unhoMne apane granthoM meM 8vIM zatAbdI meM svAbhAvika thA / bharatapura parisara se 5-6vIM cittaur3a meM jaina mandiroM kI vidyamAnatA kA ullekha zatAbdI kI jaina mUrtiyA~ jJAta haiM / bharatapura saMgrahA- kiyA hai / vIrabhadra dvArA nirmita jAlora ke prAdilaya meM javInA se prApta sarvatobhadra AdinAtha evaM nAtha mandira meM udyotanasUri ne vi0 saM0 835 isI jile se milI neminAtha kI mUrtiyA~ isI yuga (778 I) meM 'kuvalayamAlA' ko racanA kI , isa kI kalAkRtiyA~ hai jinameM guptakAlIna kalA kI grantha kI prazasti meM ullekha hai ki yajJadattagaNi ke spaSTa chApa hai / vargAkAra pIThikA para cAroM ziSyoM ne samasta gurjara-deza ko 7-8 vIM zatAbdI dizAoM se unmukha digambara mAdinAtha ke lambe meM jina devAlayoM se samalaMkRta kara diyA (rambho kAna, mAjAnubAhu, kaMdhoM para laTakate keza, vakSa- gujjaradeso jehikamo devhrehi)| vi. saM. 915 sthala para zrIvatsa, latA-patrakoM se nirmita chatra meM jayasiMhasUri dvArA nAgaura meM likhita 'dharmopadezaguptakalA kA smaraNa dilAte haiM / tathaiva, 2 phITa mAlA vivaraNa' ke anusAra usa samaya nAgaura kSetra 4 iMca UMcI neminAtha pratimA meM mAsanastha tIrtha- meM kaI jinAlaya the (nAgaurAisu jiNa-mandirANi kara ko baddhapadUmAMjali mudrA meM aMkita kiyA gayA jAyANi aigANi) / vahAM kRSNarSi ne vi.saM. 917 hai| unake ghugharAle keza, dhanuSAkAra bhauheM, kiMci- meM 'nArAyaNa-vasati-mahAvIra jinAlaya' kI pratiSThA nimIlita netra, zrIvatsa cinha-guptakAlIna kalA kI thI / zrImAla nivAsI siddharSi ne vi.saM. 963 paramparA ke anukUla haiM / mUrti kI caraNa caukI para meM 'upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA' kI racanA kI mora bhagavAna neminAtha kA lAMchana zaMkha utkIrNa hai| jaina saMgha ne unake vaiduSya se prabhAvita hokara unheM bharatapura saMgrahAlaya meM madhyakAlIna jaina pratimAoM 'vyAkhyAnakAra' kI upAdhi se samalaMkRta kiyA / meM aneka abhilekhayukta haiM jinameM pArzvanAtha kI mevAr3a ke karer3A ke jaina mandira se prApta vi. saM. vi.saM. 1077 (baddenA se prApta) tathA vi.saM. 1039 ke abhilekha meM saMDerakagaccha ke prAcArya 1109 tathA bhusAvara se prApta neminAtha kI vi.saM. yazobhadrasUri kA ullekha hai / padmanandi kucha 1110 kI mUrtiyA~ ullekhanIya hai / bayAnA ke 'jambUdIpapannati' (racanAkAlaH 10vIM zatAbdI) meM nikaTa brahmAbAda se prApta jaina parikara kA nirmANa bArAM (koTA) meM zrAvakoM evaM jina mandiroM kI tapAgaccha saMgha dvArA vi.saM. 1679 meM mugala samrATa carcA hai| mAlavA ke prakhyAta kavi dhanapAla nurUddIna jahAMgIra ke rAjatva meM humA / usake vi. saM. 1081 ke lagabhaga 'satyapurIya mahAvIra

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2-31 utmAha' kI racanA kI usameM ullekha hai ki mahamUda hai| isa maNDapa meM jo sundara sarasvatI kI mUrti hai gajanavI ke prakopa kA zikAra zrImAla (sirimAla- usake dAhine pora hAtha jor3e sUtradhAra loyaNa tathA bhInamAla), anahilapura pATana (aNahilavADa ). bAye pora gajadhAraNa kiye sUtradhAra kelA aMkita candrAvatI (caDDAvalI), soraTha (saurASTra), delavAr3A haiN| loyaNa praura kelA vimalavasahI ke sundara ( deulavAr3a-mAbU parvata) somanAtha (somesarU- viza la maNDapa aura usakI padma-lambaka yukta chata ke somezvara) ke mandira bane jinheM unake dharmAndha pramukha nirmAtA kalAkAra rahe hoMge / vi0saM0 1287 sainikoM ne dhvasta kiyA, parantu kevala mAtra zrIsatyapura meM delavAr3A ke saMsAra-prasiddha vastupAla-tejapAla mathavA sAcora (siri saccauri) kA mahAvIra dvArA nirmita lUNavasahI kA nirmANa sUtradhAra mandira hI baca rahA / zobhanadeva ke nirdezana meM hmaa| rAjasthAna ke vibhinna saMbhAgoM meM yatra-tatra gaur3avAr3a pradeza meM nANA, nAralAI, nADola, bikharI jaina mUrtiyA~ va prAcIna mandira-pAja bhI ghANerAva, barakAnA, sAdar3I; pAlI; jaisalamera meM apanI gaurava gAthA evaM kalAtmaka-samRddhi kA nidarzana kile va ludravA; bAr3amera kile meM nAkor3AjI va karane hetu baca rahe haiM / prosiyAM (jodhapura) ke jUnA patarAsara; bIkAnera meM cintAmaNi, naminAtha mahAvIra mandira kA mUlataH nirmANa pratihAra nareza va mAMDAsara; jodhapura meM prausiyAM, gaMgANI, jhaMvara, vatsarAja ke rAjasma (783 I0 795 I0) meM 8vI tivarga, kAparar3AjI prAdi ke jaina mandira aura zatAbdI meM huA parantu jinda ru dvArA vizAla stara unakA samRddha mUrtikalA-bhAratIya kalA kI gauravapara vi. saM. 1013 meM jIrNoddhAra kara 'valANaka' pUrNa nidhiyAM haiM / banA / vi. saM. 1073 meM toraNa nimita huprA / rohinsakUpa (ghaTiyAlA-jodhapura) meM vi. saM. 918 dhAtu mUrtikalA ke kSetra meM pazcimI rAjasthAna meM maNDora kI pratihAra zAkhA ke nareza kakkuka kI jaina mUrtiyoM kA viziSTa yogadAna hai| rAjasthAna ne ambikA yukta jaina mandira kA nirmANa kiyA jA meM jaina dhAtu mUrtiyAM-jitanI vizAla saMkhyA meM 'mAtAjI kI sAla' rUpa meM Aja bhI vidyamAna hai / prApta haiM-yaha mAzcaryajanaka hai| ye dhAtu mUrtiyAM bIjApura-hathUDI ke purAne mahAvIra mandira kA 8vIM zatAbdI se anavarata rUpa se nirmita hotI jIrNoddhAra kiyA jAkara vi. saM. 1053 meM prathama rahIM / sirohI ke vasantagar3ha aura ajArI; mAravAr3a tIrthakara kA ati sundara mandira banA jisameM RSabha- ke sAMtrora, parabatasara, jAlora, rAmasena, sivAnA; deva kI pratiSThA zAntyAcArya dvArA kI gyii| bIkAnera ke amarasara tathA cintAmaNi mandira kI delavAr3A (prAbU parvata) ke vizva-vikhyAta prAdinAtha dhAtu mUrtiyAM; jaisalamera kile va ludravA meM surakSita mandira kA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1088 meM mantrI dhAtu mUrtiyAM, jayapura meM bhAmera va sAMgAnera ke jaina vimala dvArA karAyA gayA parantu mahamUda gajanavI mandiroM meM surakSita dhAtu pratimAeM -samRddha kalA kI dvArA kSatigrasta kiye jAne para usakA vizAla stara paricAyaka haiM / vasantagagar3ha (sirohI) se prApta do para jIrNoddhAra vi0 saM0 1204 meM vimalazAha ke jaina dhAtu mUrtiyoM para vi0 saM0 744 ke abhilekha vaMzaja pRthvIpAla ne karAyA, jo caulukya nareza utkIrNa haiM aura unheM banAne vAle zilpI zivanAga kumArapAla ke mantrI the / isa avasara para vimala- ko sAkSAt brahmA kI bhAMti sarva prakAra ke rUpoM vasahI meM vizeSataH eka nayA maNDapa banA jisako (mUrtiyoM) ko nirmita karane vAlA kahA gayA hai / chata meM sundara padma-lambaka (Lotus-Pendant) bIkAnera saMgrahAlaya meM amarasara se prApta 14 ghAtu

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2-32 mUrtiyAM pradarzita haiM jo sabhI jaina haiM ( isameM 9 sthita pratihAra kAlIna sUrya mandira ke pichale vAhya abhilekha yukta haiM tathA inameM 6 tithiyAM bhI aMkita maMDovara bhAga para pArzvanAtha kI mUrti kA aMkana haiM jo vi0 saM0 1063 se 1150 ke madhya haiM / isI dhArmika sahiSNutA kA paricAyaka hai / 22veM ye adhikAMza tIrthaMkaroM kI ekatIrthI, tritIrthI va tIrthaMkara neminAtha ko kRSNa kA cacerA bhAI jainapaMcatIrthI mUrtiyAM haiM jinameM prAdinAtha va pArzvanAtha sAhitya meM mAnA gayA hai jinhoMne mahAbhArata ke pramukha haiM / eka dhAtu mUrti caturmukha samavasaraNa ko yuddha meM sakriya rUpa se bhAga liyA / kaMkAlI TIle. aMkita karatI hai tathA vi0 saM0 1136 kI abhi- se prApta evaM mathurA saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita kaI lekha yukta paTTe para caturvizati tIrthaMkaroM kA prakana kuSANa kAlIna pratimAnoM meM pArzva devatA ke rUpa meM hai| amarasara se prApta eka phuTa UMcI nartakI kI kRSNa-balarAma ko dekhA gayA hai tathA pramukha devatA dhAtu mUrti utkRSTa kalA kA anyatama udAharaNa hai| ke rUpa meM bhagavAna neminAtha kA aMkana huA hai| jodhapura ke rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya meM sAMcora (jilA AbU ke vimalavasahI meM kAliyadamana, cANUravadha, jAlora) va parabatasara (jilA nAgora) se milI tathA lUNavasahI meM kRSNa janma, dadhi-maMthana, rAsa jela dhAtu mUrtiyAM bhI ullekhanIya haiM / sAMcora se lIlA prAdi ke daSya vidyamAna hai, khajurAho ke pArzvaprApta padumAsanastha prAdinAtha kI dhAtumUrti 8 vIM nAtha mandira meM yamalArjunoddhAra kA dRSya utkIrNa hai, zatAbdI kI mahatvapUrNa kalAkRti hai / sAMcora sAMgAnera (jayapura) ke siMghI jaina mandira (16vIM kI dhAtu pratimAnoM para vi0 saM0 1262 se 1649 zatAbdI) ke stambhoM para rAsa lIlA evaM kRSNa ke tathA parabatasara kI dhAtu mUrtiyoM para vi0 saM0 vibhinna rUpoM kA aMkana isI paramparA meM huA hai| 1234 se 1599 kI avadhi ke dAna-paraka lekha hindU deva-parivAra ko jisa rUpa meM jaina dharma satkIrNa haiN| meM prAtmasAt kara liyA gayA-vaha bhI kama rocaka - rAjasthAna kI jaina mUrtikalA-dhArmika sahiSNutA nahIM hai / jaina kubera kI pratihArakAlIna pratimA kI bhAvanA kA mUrta rUpa hai / yahAM vibhinna mevAr3a ke bAMsI grAma se prApta huI hai jo udayapura dharmoM va sampradAyoM meM dhArmika kaTutA evaM pratispardhA saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita hai / samakAlIna jaina sAhitya kA prabhAva thaa| mevAr3a meM kesariyAjI tathA bAr3amera dvArA bhI rAjasthAna meM yakSa-pUjana suspaSTa hai| meM nAkor3A jI sabhI ke pUjya hai| nADola (pAlI) cittaur3a nivAsI prAcArya haribhadrasUri dvArA racita se cauhAna rAjapUta kIrtipAla ke vi0 saM0 1218 'samarAiccakahA' (6vIM zatAbdI uttarArddha) meM yakSa ke tAmrapatra kA prArambha karate hue maMgalAcaraNa meM dhanadeva (kubera ?) kA ullekha hai tathA jAlora meM brahmA (brahma), viSNu (zrIdhara) va ziva (zaMkara) ko udyotanasUri dvArA likhita 'kuvalayamAlA kathA' jaina-jagata meM prasiddha kahA gayA hai / mAge lekha haiM (778 I.) meM jainoM dvArA pUjita kubera pratimA kA ki somavAra zrAvaNa vadi 6 samvata 1218 ko saMketa hai / jaina dhAtu pratimAoM para kubera pambikA nADola meM kIrtipAla ne snAna karake, dhule hue vastra va navagraha kA prAyaH prakana milatA hai| vAgdevI ghAraNa kara, devatAoM kA vidhivat tarpaNa kara, sUrya sarasvatI jaina sampradAya meM bahuta hI lokapriya thii| kI pUjAkara, ziva ko abhivAdana kara-nAralAI ke pallU (gaMgAnagara) se prApta do jaina sarasvatI 11 grAmoM meM se pratyeka grAma se nAralAI ke mahAvIra pratimAeM kramazaH rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, naI dillI meM mandira ko 2 dramma dilavAne kI vyavasthA kI / bIkAnera saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita haiM jo cAhamAnaausiyAM ke saccikA mAtA mandira ke prAMgaNa meM kAlIna mahatvapUrNa kalAkRtiyAM haiM / vimalavasahI

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(AbU) ko sarasvatI mUrti kA pUrva meM ullekha kiyA meM saccikA kahA gayA hai / isI sthala ke eka anya jA cukA hai| abhI hAla meM lADanU (nAgora) ke abhilekha meM ratnaprabhasUri dvArA cAmuNDA ko saciyA digambara jaina mandira se jaina sarasvatI kI eka rUpa meM parivartita karane kA ullekha hai / yaha lekha anya bhavya mUrti jJAta huI hai / isakI pAda pITha para vi. saM. 1655 kA hai| jodhapura saMgrahAlaya meM utkIrNa lekha ke anusAra vi. saM. 1219 vaizAkha revAr3A, (harSavAr3A, paraganA jasavantapurA-mAravAr3a) zudi 3 zukravAra ko zreSThI vAsudeva kI patnI se prApta eka devI pratimA (mahiSamadinI) kA prAza devI ne sakuTumba usakI pratiSThA prAcArya zrI nicalA bhAga surakSita hai jisakI caraNa caukI para anantakIrti dvArA kraayii| isa dRSTi se ajamera utkIrNa lekha meM kahA gayA hai ki "gaNini caraNasaMgrahAlaya kI jaina sarasvatI pratimA bhI ullekhanIya matyA dvArA saccikA devI kI isa pratimA kI hai / jana-dharmAvalambiyoM ne vaiSNavI ko cakrezvarI pratiSThA samvat 1237 phAlguna sudi 2 maMgalavAra tathA mahiSamadinI ko saccikA devI ke rUpa meM ko kaku (kakudasUri)-dvArA karAyI gyii|" jUnA parivartita kara diyA / cakrezvarI evaM saccikA kI (mAravAr3a) meM bhI saciyAmAtA kA mandira hai aneka pratimAeM vizeSataH pazcimI rAjasthAna se jisameM bhI ukta prAzaya kA samAna abhilekha hai aura jJAta haiM / cakrezvarI ko vidyAdeviyoM meM sthAna prApta gaNini caraNamatyA dvArA vi. sa. 1237 meM hone ke kAraNa jaina mUrti vijJAna meM unako mahatva- saccikA pratimA ko pratiSThA pariNata hai| lodavA pUrNa evaM viziSTa loka-priyatA prApta huI aura (jaisalamera) ke cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha jaina mandira unakA prakana prAcIna mandiroM ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM kI parikramA meM rakhe makarAne ko gaNapati mUrti kI Avazyaka ho gyaa| prosiyAM, ghANerAva, sevAr3I, caraNa caukI para utkIrNa abhilekha se jJAta hotA pAhAr3a Adi ke mahAvIra mandira meM unakA citraNa hai ki zrI deva guptAcArya ke ziSya paM: padmacandra ne vibhinna saMbhAgoM meM prApta hai / 'upake zagaccha paTTA- samasta goSThikA ke Adeza para vi. saM. 1337 meM valI' meM saccikA devI kA jo svarUpa varNita hai, ajamera durga meM jAkara vahAM saccikA va gaNapati vaha mahiSamardinI se sAmya rakhatA hai| bhosiyAM sahita dvipaMcAsata jina bimba nirmita kraayaa| (jodhapura) meM saciyA mAtA mandira meM pUjita pratimA mahiSamardinI ko hI hai| isa mandira meM bhagavAna mahAvIra-rAjasthAna ke jana samudAya meM vizeSataH lokapriya rahe / paramparAnamAra unhoMne isa vi. saM. 1234 tathA vi. saM. 1236 ke prabhilekha kSetra meM svayaM padhAra kara use pavitra kiyaa| yahI vidyamAna haiM / ina abhilekhoM meM mandira ko kramazaH kAraNa hai ki rAjasthAna ke adhikAMza prAcIna 'sacciko devo prAsAda evaM 'zrI saMcikA devi deva mandiroM meM mUlanAyaka rUpa meM unheM hI pratiSThita gRha' saMjJA pradAna kI gayI hai| vi. saM. 1234 ke kiyA gyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI eka sundara ke prabhilekha meM sAdhu mAlhA dvArA Atma-zrayArtha / pratimA kA nirmANa paramAra kRSNarAja ke rAjatva isa mandira ke jaMghA para caMDikA, zItalA, saccikA / meM viH saMH 1024 meM veSTika kUla ke baddhamAna devi, kSemakarI, kSetrapAla kI pratimA banAne kA nAmaka vyakti ne barakAnA meM kiyaa| isa pratimA ullekha hai / ye pratimAeM mandira ke bAhya maMDovara kA nirmAtA kalAkAra narAditya thA / bhagavAna (jaMghA) bhAga para prAja bhI vidyamAna haiM / garbha gRh| mahAvIra ne apanA prArambhika jIvana rAjakumAra kI pichalI pradhAna tAka meM mahiSamadinI virAjamAna rUpa meM prArambha kiyA / kaivalya jJAna se pUrva kI isa haiM jinheM pAsa meM utkIrNa vi. saM. 1234 ke lekha avasthA meM unheM 'jIvanta svAmI' kI saMjJA milii|

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khIMvasara grAma se prApta evaM jodhapura saMgrahAlaya meM nidhi hai / ekaliMgajI (mevAr3a) ke nikaTa nAgadA pradarzita jIvanta svAmI kI vizAlakAya mUrti 11vIM meM mahArANA kumbhA ke rAjatva meM zAMtinAtha jI zatAbdI kI jaina mUrtiyoM meM apanA viziSTa sthAna kA mandira banA jisameM mUlanAyaka kI pratimA rakhatI hai| usa para laghu lekha bhI utkIrNa hai --- 9 phITa UMcI hai aura 'bhadubuda' (adbhutajI) nAma 'vIraNA cAlukyasyAM kAritaM / ' isa pratimA se se vikhyAta hai| isa pratimA kI caraNa caukI para bhagavAna mahAvIra ko pUre rAjasI vaibhava ke sAtha mAgha sudi 11 guruvAra vi. sa. 1494 kA lekha rAjakumAra ke rUpa meM kalAkAra ne maMkita kiyA hai, utkIrNa hai jisase spaSTa hai ki isakA nirmANa rAjasthAna ke aneka prAcIna mahAvIra mandiroM ke madanaputra dharaNA yA dharaNAka dvArA karAyA gyaa| vibhinna bhAgoM para jIvantasvAmI kA akana prApta vizAla dhAtu pratimAnoM ke nirmANa meM bhI jaina dharma hai| isa dRSTi se pAhAr3a (udayapura), prosiyAM kA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna rahA / pAhAr3a se prApta evaM (jodhapura) evaM sevAr3I (pAlI) ke mahAvIra mandira udayapura saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita puruSAkAra Asanastha ullekhanIya hai jo 10-11 vIM zatAbdI meM jina pratimA 8vIM-9vIM zatAbdI kI viziSTa nirmita hue| kalAkRti hai| DUgarapura ke sUtradhAroM dvArA vinirmita aneka pAtu pratimAe mahArANA kumbhA ke samaya meM anya tIrthakaroM kI bhI aneka pratimAeM rAjasthAna ke vibhinna parisaroM meM nirmita huii| macalagar3ha (prAbU) ke jinAlayoM meM pratiSThita huii| pilAnI ke nikaTa narahar3a se prApta kAyotsarga mudrA isa prakAra kI eka suvizAla AdinAtha bhagavAna kI dhAtu pratimA, jisakI caukI para kumbhA ke meM sumatinAtha (veM tIrthakara) tathA neminAtha samaya kI vi. saM. 1518 kA lekha hai, tapAgaccha ke (22veM tIrthakara) kI bhavya pratimAeM jJAta haiM jinakI lakSmIsAgarasUri dvArA acalagar3ha ke jaina mandira meM caraNa caukI para unake lAJchana kramaza: 'cakra' va pratiSThA kI gyii| 'zaMkha' utkIrNa haiM / ye guptottarayugIna kalAkRtiyAM haiM / jaina pratimAeM apanI vizAlatA ke lie bhI tIrthakaroM ke atirikta, jaina 'paMca parameSTinoM' prasiddha haiN| alavara kSetra meM pArAnagara ke nikaTa, kI pratimAoM ke nirmANa kI gauravapUrNa paramparA jaina mandira ke bhagnAvazeSa bikhareM haiM jahAM teisaveM rAjasthAna meM vidyamAna haiN| ahaMta (tIrtha kara) ke tIrthakara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ko 16 phoTa UMcI samAna siddha, prAcArya, upAdhyAya va sAdhu bhI bhaktoM vizAla pratimA vidyamAna hai jo 'naugajA' nAma se ke pUjya haiM ataH unakI pratimAnoM kA nirmANa bhI prasiddha hai aura 9vIM zatAbdI kI kalA kI anupama rAjasthAna meM lokapriya rahA /

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zrI vIra nAmAvali-kIrtana -raca0 0 pannAlAla jaina, 'pavala' barelI (bhopAla) ma0pra0 zata paccIsa para varSa bahattara, pUrva mAja pramAna / padhAre mahAvIra bhagavAna // ttek|| kuNDalapura meM janma kahAye, visalA aMka sujAna / varSamAna the nAma dharAye, vaibhava vRddhi mahAna / / padhAre mahAvIra bhagavAna / / anaMtacatuSTaya ke tuma ghArI, garbhahi se traya-zAna / bAla-brahamacArI akhilezvara, he prabhu dayA-nidhAna / padhAre mahAvIra bhagavAna / / bAlA-pana jhUlana ko viriyA, zaMkA le muni mAna / / darza-mAtra zaMkA nirasana bhaI,sanmati nAma bakhAna / / padhAre mahAvIra bhagavAna / / saMgama-devanAga bana pAyA, mAmali-krIDA thAna / pUchapakar3a kara uraga nacAyA, taba prati-vIra pichAna / padhAre mahAvIra bhagavAna / / yuvA-kAla ke samaya bhakta-jana, thApI mUrti-mahAna / ratnAbharaNa mukuTa mAthe para, jIvanta-svAmI mAna / / padhAre mahAvIra bhagavAna / / rudra kiye upasarga bhayaGkara, muktaka-marghaTa jAna / sahe sithira raha ghora-upadrava, mahAvIra bhagavAna / / padhAre mahAvIra bhagavAna / /

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2-36 bAraha-varSa ugra-tapa kInA, pAyo kevala-jJAna / mahatI sabhA jIva pratibodhe, mahati-vIra guNavAna / / padhAre mahAvIra bhagavAna / / tIsa varSa prabhu kiye vihArA, pazuvana jIvana-dAna / jIne do aura jiyo prema se, dInA mantra-mahAna / / padhAre mahAvIra bhagavAna // dUra kiyA tama-jagata jJAna se, prakaTA jyotiSmAna / / tIrtha prakAzaka antima jinavara, carmatIrthakara jAna / / padhAre mahAvIra bhagavAna / / trisalA lAla, lAla-jaga tAre, AbhA lAlahi-jJAna / / hRdaya lAli jina dhAraNa kInI, bhaye dhavala zobhAna / / padhAre mahAvIra bhagavAna // vinaya karata kara vaddha zaraNa meM, gAveM tuma yaza-gAna / pAra karo-bhaktana kI naiyA, phaiMsI bhavodadhi prAna / padhAre mahAvIra bhagavAna // pUgva-bhava battIsa zAstra meM, kiyA pramukhatA-gAna / aura anante bhava jinavara ke, nahIM varNana meM pAna / / padhAre mahAvIra bhagavAna / antima-bhava Sar3a-nAma prabhu ke, gAye bhakti pramAna / alpa jJAni kavi 'dhavala kahe kimi, prabhu ananta guNa-khAna / / 'padhAre mahAvIra bhagavAna / /

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zrI di0 jaina atizaya kSetra padamapurA (bAr3A)

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cittaur3apaTTa ke digambara bhaTTAraka vidyAvAridhi DA. jyotiprasAda jaina, lakhanaU / mevAr3a ( medapATa) rAjya aitihAsika dRSTi se rAjasthAna kA prAyaH sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa evaM pratiSThita rAjya rahA hai / suprasiddha cittor3adurga (citrakUTapura) ko IsvI san ko prAraMbhika zatAbdiyoM se lekara 1567 I. meM mugalasamrATa akabara dvArA usa para adhikAra kiye jAne taka, lagabhaga Der3ha sahasra varSa paryanta ukta rAjya kI rAjadhAnI bane rahane kA zreya prApta rahA / prArambha meM mauryavaMza kI eka zAkhA kA isa pradeza para adhikAra rahA / candragupta evaM samprati maurya ke ye vaMzaja svabhAvataH jaina dharma kI prora bhAkarSita rahe / bhAThavIM zatI I0 ke prArambha meM cittaur3a ke moriya (maurya) nareza dhavalappadeva the jinake jyeSTha putra evaM uttarAdhikArI zrI vallabha rAhuSpadeva the / sambhavatayA inake eka kaniSTha bhrAtA vIrappadeva the jo saMsAra tyAgI hokara jainAcArya vIrasena svAmI ke nAma se prasiddha hue / unhoMne isI citrakUTapura meM elAcArya ke nikaTa siddhAntoM kA adhyayana kiyA pratIta hotA hai| mora tadanantara rASTrakUTa rAjya ke bATanagara meM apanA vidyApITha sthApita karake vahAM dhavala, jayadhavala prAdi vizAlakAya prAgamika TIkApranthoM kI racanA kI thI / rAhappadeva kA uttarAdhikArI unakA bhAgineya, guhilaputra bappArAvala 750 I0 ke lagabhaga cittaur3a kA rAjA huA / usI ke samaya meM suprasiddha granthakAra mAcArya haribhadrasUri isa nagara hue| isa guhilota vaMza kI paramparA isa rAjya meM taba se vartamAna paryanta prAyaH bhavicchinna calI bhAI / mevAr3a ke isa rAraNAvaMza ke zAsaka mukhyatayA zaiva rahe yadyapi koI-koI parama vaiSNava bhI hue, aura kaI eka tathA rAjyavaMza ke aneka strI puruSa jainadharmAnuyAyI bhI hue| kama se kama isa viSaya meM

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2-38 meM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki rANAzroM ke mevAr3a meM jainadharma ko prabhUtaH sammAna, saMrakSaraNa evaM prazraya prApta rahA, aura phalasvarUpa aneka jainavIroM ne rAjya kI rakSA meM apane prANoM kI Ahuti dI, aneka jaina rAjanItijJoM evaM prazAsakoM ne rAjya ke sucAru saMcAlana meM stutya yoga diyA, jaina zreSThiyoM evaM vyApAriyoM ne usakA Arthika abhyudaya sAdhana kiyA, aura aneka jaina muniyoM evaM vidvAnoM ne usake dhArmika evaM sAMskRtika jIvana ko prANavAna banAye rakhA / isa rAjya aura rAjadhAnI meM digambara zvetAmbara donoM hI grAmnAyoM ke anuyAyI zrAvaka paraspara sadbhAva pUrvaka rahate rahe, mora donoM ke hI sAdhusAdhviyoM kA unmukta vihAra rahA / digambara paramparA ke nandisaMgha sarasvatIgacchabalAtkAragaraNa-kundakundAnvaya ke bhaTTArakoM kI paTTAvaliyoM se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki 12vIM zatI I0 ke madhya ke lagabhaga prAcArya hemakIrti ne cittaur3a meM sarvaprathama apanI bhaTTArakIya gaddI kI sthApanA kI thI jisa para agale lagabhaga 50 varSoM ke bIca kramazaH 14 maTTAraka hue / antima bhaTTAraka basantakIrti ne cittaur3a se paTTa kA kendra ajamera ( zrajayamerU) meM sthAnAntarita kara diyA jahAM bhagale lagabhaga 50 varSa meM 6 bhaTTAraka hue| inameM antima suprasiddha prabhAcandra the jo hammIrabhUpAla se samaccita bhaTTAraka dharmacandra ke praziSya aura bAla tapasvI eva syAdvAdAmbudhi bhI ratnakIti ke ziSya evaM paTTadhara the / vaha 1318 I0 ke lagabhaga sulatAna alAuddIna khilajI ke zAsanakAla meM ajamera se dillI cale Aye zrIra vahIM apanA paTTa sthApita karake use hI unhoMne apanI nAya kA kendra banAyA aura vahIM 1353 I0 ke lagabhaga unakA zarIrAnta huA hai| unake suziSya bhaH padmanaMdi the, jinake paTTadhara zubhacandra hue, aura zubhacandra ke paTTadhara suprasiddha pratiSThAkAraka bhaTTAraka jinacandra hue jinhoMne apane paTTakAla (1450-1514 ) I0 meM pacAsoM pratiSThAvidhAna kiye aura sahasroM jina pratimAeM pratiSThita kIM / saMbhavatayA dillI ke sultAna sikandara lodI kI mandira mUrti bhaMjaka nIti kI yaha pratikriyA thI / bhaTTAraka jinacandra dillI meM kama ho rahe pratIta hote haiM - unakA pradhAna kAryakSetra rAjasthAna rahA / saMbhavatayA apane antima samaya meM inhoMne paTTa kA kendra dillI se punaH cittaur3a meM sthAnAntarita kara diyA thA, jahAM jaina dharma ke prati ati sahiSNu vIravara rANA sAMgA kA pratApI zAsana thA / groM to paTTa kA kendra cAhe ajamera meM rahA athavA dillI meM, mevAr3a pradeza meM usake bhaTTArakoM kI AmnAya calatI thI aura vaha unake kArya kSetra ke bhItara hI sadaiva rahA / isa punaH sthApita cittaur3a paTTa ke prathama zrAcArya, bhaTTAraka jinacandra ke suziSya evaM paTTamara bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra the, jinakA ullekha bahudhA abhinava prabhAcandra evaM prabhendu nAmoM se bhI huA hai / unake paTTakAla 1514--1524 I0 ke lagabhaga rahA / inakA janma ajamera ke nikaTastha navalakSapura ( nAlachA ) ke prasiddha evaM susampanna vaidyavaMza meM chupA thA / pitAmaha haripati vaidya ko padmAvatI devI siddha thI, aura vaha sultAna phIroz2azAha tugaluka dvArA sammAnita hue the| pitA padmazreSThi bahudAnI, zAkambharI meM vizAla jinAlaya ke nirmApaka, mithyAtvaghAtaka, jinaguNa-nityapUjaka aura itane prabhAvazAlI the ki rAjA loga bhI unakA bar3A Adara karate the, vizeSakara mAlavA ke sultAna gayAsazAha se unhoMne bahuta mAna prApta kiyA thA / jyeSTha bhrAtA vaidyarAja bijha ne mAlavA ke sultAna zAhanasIra se aura bhatIje vaidya dharmadAsa ne se mahamUdazAha prabhUta sammAna pAyA thA / dharmadAsa ke putra rekhA vaidya ko zerazAha sUrI ne sammAnita kiyA thA aura rekhA kA putra jinadAsavaidya holi reNukA caftra' kA karttA acchA sAhityakAra thA / aise

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2-39 hAla meM utpanna prabhAcandra kA lAlana-pAlana, zikSA pratiyoM likhakara dAna kraaii| inakA paTTAbhiSeka zrIkSA uttama prakAra se hue the / unakA mUla nAma sammedAcala (sammeda zikhara) para huA thA jahA~ pAidajana thA aura vaha yathA nAma tathA guNa the| rAjasthAna se eka vizAla saMgha tIrtha yAtrArtha gayA paraMbha se hI bar3e vivekazIla, sabakA upakAra karane huA thaa| inakI gRhastha AmnAya bar3I vistRta thI, Ale, jinadharma kA samyak prAcaraNa karane vAle, vizeSakara rAjasthAna ke vibhinna bhAgoM ke nivAsI vAna, zIlavAna aura dharmAtmA the| rAjAoM bagheravAla aura khaNDelavAla zrAvaka inake bar3e bhakta se vaibhava kA parityAga karake inhoMne svagurU the| kaI rajavAr3oM ke rAjAoM evaM anya rAjapuruSoM dvAraka jinacandra se muni dIkSA lI aura unake dvArA bhI ye sammAnita hue / inakA ziSya rAnta unake paTTadhara bane / paTTAvaliyoM, grantha- parivAra bhI vizAla thaa| maMDalAcArya dharmacandra stiyoM, mUrti lekhoM Adi meM unakI prabhUta prazaMsA inake paTTa ziSya the jo inake uparAnta cittor3apaTTa sta hotI hai, yathA-nyAya vyAkaraNa niSNAt- para AsIna hue| mAmerapaTTa ke maMDalAcArya candrakIrti ndabrahma-prAcyAdidigvijayI jainapratiSThAkRte- brahmacArI vIDA, bra0 bUcA, . bhojAjogI mmedagirI suvarNakalazai : paTTAbhiSekakRta-gaNendra lAlA varNI, bra0 ratnavarNI, prAyikA padmazrI, 0si0 bhAskara, I, 4 pR0 81-84) zrI AryikA pArvatIbAI prAdi inake suyogya tyAgI khimacandradeva ke paTTadhara bhaTTAraka zrImadabhinava ziSya the, jo inake dharma prabhAvanA ke kAryoM meM satat pramAcandradevaH tainija nija bhatAkharvagarvaparvatArUr3ha-sarva sahayogI the| inhIM ke samaya meM, inake ziSya pArvAkAdi paravAdi-madAMdhasiMdhurasiMhAyamAna-vihi- lAlAvarNI kI preraNA se muni nemIcandra gurjara deza prAcArya padasthApanAya-sakala bhavya cetazcamatkAri- se cittor3a padhAre aura yahA~ dharmacandra, abhayacandra prabaMjIvopakAri-cArUcAritracAri-yathoktanagnamudrA- Adi ke Agraha para kezavavarNIkRta karNATakI bArI samasta vidvajjana manohAri-zrImannigranthA- (kannar3I) vRtti kA anusaraNa karate hue gommaTasAra prAryavarya- ni:zeSamithyAtvatamaskAMDa-khaMDanoMccaMDima- kI 'jIvatatvapradIpikA' nAmnI saMskRta TIkA kI kAMDa mArtaNDa maMDalAyamAna, Adi, (prazasti racanA kI thI, jisase prasanna hokara AcArya, praha jayapura, pR0 89-puSpadantakRta prAdi purANa abhinava prabhAvacandra ne unheM 'sUri' (prAcArya) pada hI dAnaprazasti), 'pUrvAcala dilamaNi SaTtarkatAkika pradAna kiyA thaa| gamaNi-vAdimadidvapasiMha --vivudhavAdimadadalanadikaMdakudAla-sakalajIvaaMbudha pratibodhaka' (vahI aisA lagatA hai ki apane anta ke kucha pUrva hI 177) 'devAgamAlaMkRti, prameyakamalamArtaNDa ___ inhoMne Amera, nAgaura Adi meM kaI zAkhApaTTa kA jainendrAdika lakSaNazAstroM ke jJAtA, vAdI sthApita kara diye the jinheM apane vibhinna ziSyoM bhavidAraNaka kezari' ityAdi / ko sauMpa diyA thaa| kintu prArambha meM ye zAkhApaTTa cittaur3a paTTa ke hI adhIna rahe ataH cittaur3a meM inake uparokta ullekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha paTTadhara bhaTTAraka dharmacandra maMDalAcArya kahalAye / viSArI bhaTTAraka veSa meM na rahakara digambara muni bhaTTAraka dharmacandra kA paTTakAla lagabhaga 1524-46 I. ke meM rahate the, bar3e vidvAna, zAstramarmajJa, nyAya rhaa| svaguru ke jIvanakAla meM hI ye pratiSThAe~ loM ke viziSTa jJAtA, samartha vAdI evaM zAstrArthI karAne lage the kyoMki 1514 aura 1.20 I0 ke ra prabhAvazAlI dharmopade the| inhoMne ane bhI inake kucha mUttilekha mile haiM / apane paTTakAla meM pratiSThAeM karAI aura paneka zAstroM kA bhI inhoMne aneka pratiSThAeM karAI tathA aneka

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2-40 zAstroM kI pratiyAM likhAI / yaha bhI bar3e prabhAvaka mevADa pradeza nivAsI zrAvakoM ko bhI ve hI dharmalAbha evaM suyogya bhaTTAraka the / prAyaH pUre rAjasthAna para dete rahe / inakI mAmnAya kA vistAra thA aura aneka tyAgI, uparokta maMDalAcArya lalitakIrti ne cATasU tathA prAyikAe~ evaM anaginata zrAvaka-zrAvikAe~ inake ziSya the| nagara meM bhI eka zAkhApaTTa sthApita kiyA thA / unhoMne aneka vrata, anuSThAna, udyApana prAdi karAye cittaur3apaTTa para inake uttarAdhikArI bhaTTAraka mora granthoM kI pratiyA~ dAna karAI thiiN| inakA lalitakIti maMDalAcArya (1546-1565) rhe| ziSya parivAra bhI vizAla thaa| prAmera paTapara candrakIrti hI calate rahe / maMDalAcAya cittauDa ke antima paTTAdhIza maMDalAcArya bhaTTAraka lalitakIrti ke uparAnta mAmera paTTa ke candrakIrti bhI prabhAvazAlI gurU the / unhoMne bhI maMDalAcArya candrakIrti hI saMyukta paTTa ke svAmI hue| aneka bimbapratiSThAe~ prAdi kraaii| rAjasthAna meM kintu 1667 I0 meM mugala samrATa akabara ke hAthoM bhAmera se bIkAnera paryanta aura madhyapradeza-barAra khAna deza meM amarAvatI paryanta inakI prAmnAya kA vistAra cittaur3a paTTa samApta kara diyA gayA lagatA hai, aura thaa| yaha gatyanta dIrghajIvI bhI rahe pratIta hote haiM, prAmera, nAgaura mAdi ke paTTa bhI prAyaH eka dUsare kyoMki inake paTTakAla kA anta 160 5 I0 ke se svatantra calane prArambha hue / apanI prAmnAya ke lagabhaga ke huprA batAyA jAtA hai| Alokita sArA lokAkAza - kusuma paToriyA sabala samarthaka aNu-aNu kI svatantratA kA samatA kA udghoSaka bAhara bhItara eka akhaMDita sA vyaktitva sAdhanA ke dvAdaza varSoM meM rahA mukula sA antarmukha tapasyA kI agni meM tapakara pAyA zabdAtIta prakAza vIra prabhU kI jJAna-razmiyoM se Alokita sArA lokaakaash|

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bhagavAna mahAvIra viSayaka purAtatvIya pramANa prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya evaM abhilekhoM meM zramaNa vicAra paramparA tathA usake pramukha pravaktA mahAvIra svAmI ke sambandha meM pracura ullekha milate haiN| tatsaMbaMdhI maneka sAhityika mAnyatAoM ko mUrtikAroM tathA citrakAroM ne apanI kRtiyoM meM mUrta rUpa pradAna kiye / jaina dharma ke sambandha meM purAlekhoM mUrtiyoM tathA citroM ke rUpa meM puSkala sAmagrI upalabdha hai| usase sAhityika vivaraNoM kI puSTi meM sahAyatA milI hai| jaina dharma ne bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUlabhUta siddhAMtoM-satya, ahiMsA, tyAga tathA paropakAra ke saMvardhana meM mahatvapUrNa yoga diyaa| prataH yaha dharma janatA meM bahuta mAhata huA / sAhityika tathA purAtatvIya pramANoM se yaha bAta siddha huI hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana-kAla meM unakI candana kI pratimA nirmita hone ke ullekha katipaya pro0 kRSNadatta vAjapeyI, adhyakSa, purAtatva jaina granthoM meM milate haiM / anuzruti ke anusAra vibhAga, sAgara vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara bhagavAna mahAvIra ko candana kI pratimA siMdhusauvIra ke zAsaka udAyaraNa (rudrAyaNa) ke adhikAra meM gaI bAda meM unase ujjaina ke zAsaka pradyota ne le liyA aura mUrti kI vidizA nagarI meM rkhii| usakI eka pratikRti banavAkara bItabhayapaTTana nAmaka nagarI meM rakhI gii| devayoga se bhArI tUphAna Ane ke kAraNa yaha pratikRti nIce daba gii| usake dabane se sArA nagara naSTa ho gyaa| zrI hemacandrAcArya ke manusAra gujarAta ke prasiddha zAsaka kumArapAla ne isa pratikRti ko nikalavAkara use praNahilapATana [isa racanA meM jIvanta svAmI saMbandhI vivaraNa nagara meM pratiSThApita kraayaa| vivAdAspada hai : 10 se 12 akTUbara taka jayapara meM hone vAlI jaina vidyA pariSad meM jahAM ki yaha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI isa candana-pratimA ke nibandha par3hA gayA thA, isa viSaya para paryApta mAdhAra para kAlAntara meM anya matiyoM kA nirmANa UhApoha hunA thaa| -polyAkA] humA hogA / kaliMga ke prasiddha zAsaka khAravela kA

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2-42 eka abhilekha bhuvanezvara ke samIpa hAthIguphA meM milA hai / isa lekha meM likhA hai ki kaliMga meM tIrthaMkara kI eka prAcIna mUrti thI, jise magadha ke zAsaka nanda apanI rAjadhAnI pATaliputra le ge| lekha meM bhAge likhA hai ki khAravela ne punaH isa pratimA ko magadha se kaliMga meM lAkara usakI pratiSThApanA kii| isa ullekha se IsavI pUrva cauthI zatI meM tIrthaMkara pratimA ke nirmANa kA patA calatA hai / yahAM jIvantasvAmI pratimA kA paricaya de denA zrAvazyaka hai / tapasyA karate hue mahAvIra svAmI kI eka saMjJA 'jIvantasvAmI' huI / kucha granthoM ke anusAra yaha saMjJA unakI prArambhika avasthA kI dyotaka hai jaba ve mukuTa tathA anya vividha AbhUSaNa dhAraNa kie hue the| akohA nAmaka sthAna se isa svarUpa meM bhagavAn kI eka atyanta kalApUrNa pratimA milI thI / yaha mUrti kAMse kI hai aura aba vaha bar3audA ke saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita hai / bhagavAna UMcA mukuTa tathA anya aneka grAbhUSaNa pahane haiM / unake mukha kA zAMta, prasanna bhAva darzanIya hai / mUrti para IsavI chaThI zatI kA brAhmI lekha khudA hai, jisake anusAra yaha jIvanta svAmI kI pratimA hai / mathurA se kaMkAlI TIlA tathA kauzAMbI Adi anya sthAnoM se guptakAla ke pahale kI tIrthaMkaramUrtiyAM prApta huI haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke atirikta AdinAtha, pArzvanAtha, supArzvanAtha, neminAtha tathA munisuvrata kI mUrtiyAM vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / inakA patA katipaya viziSTa cihnoM tathA una para kita lekhoM se calatA hai / aneka prArambhika mUrtiyoM para lAMchanoM kA abhAva hai / lAMchanoM kA prayoga guptakAla ke bAda vyApaka rUpa se milane lagatA hai / mathurA tathA kauzAMbI se patthara ke bane hue vargAkAra yA zrAyatAkAra 'mAyAgapaTTa' mile haiM / pUjA ke liye inakA prayoga hone ke kAraNa unheM 'AyAgapaTTa' kahA jAtA thA / aneka paTToM para bIca meM dhyAna mudrA meM padmAsana para avasthita tIrthaMkara mUrti hai| usake cAroM ora aneka sundara alaMkaraNa tathA prazasta citra bane haiM / mAyAgapaTToM kA nirmANa IsavI pUrva prathama zatI se prArambha huaa| una para utkIrNa lekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki unameM se adhikAMza kA nirmANa mahilAoM kI dAnazIlatA ke kAraNa huA / mandiroM, vihAroM tathA mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa meM puruSoM kI apekSA striyAM adhika ruci letI thiiN| prAcIna zilAlekhoM se isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai / kuSANa kAla ( I0 prathama dvitIya zatI) se jaina 'sarvatobhadrakA' pratimAtroM kA nirmANa prArambha huprA ina para cAroM dizAoM meM pratyeka aura eka-eka jina mUrti padmAsana para baiThI huI yA khaDgAsana me khar3I huI milatI hai / ye tIrthaMkara prAyaH prAdinAtha (RSabhanAtha), pArzvanAtha, neminAtha tathA mahAvIra haiM / madhya pradeza ke dhubelA saMgrahAlaya meM eka atyanta sundara sarvatobhadramUrti hai, jo pUrva madhya kAla kI hai / usa para ukta cAroM tIrthaMkaroM ke cihna bhI aMkita haiM, jisase unake pahacAnane meM koI saMdeha nahIM raha jAtA / sarvatobhadrakA pratimA kI paramparA madhyakAla ke anta taka jArI rahI / mathurA, devagar3ha Adi sthAnoM se prApta aneka sarvatobhadrikA mUrtiyAM abhilikhita haiM aura mUrtivijJAna kI dRSTi se bar3e mahatva kI haiM / gupta tathA madhya kAla meM nirmita bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mUrtiyAM bar3I saMkhyA meM prApta huI haiM / kucha aise zilApaTTa guptakAla se upalabdha hone lagate

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haiM jina para caubIsoM tIrthakara pratimA kA eka *kana milatA hai / gupta yuga tathA vizeSakara madhya kAla meM tIrthaMkara pratimA ke agala bagala yA Upara nIce aneka devI devatAoM evaM yakSa, suparNa, vidyAdhara zrAdi ke citraNa bhI milate haiM / ye bhagavAna ke prati sammAna kA bhAva pradarzita karate hue aMkita milate haiM / . mahAvIrajI kI guptakAlIna katipaya mUrtiyAM bhAratIya kalA ke sarvottama udAharaNoM meM ginI jAtI hai| bhagavAna kI zAMta nizcala mudrA ko tathA sira ke pIche alaMkRta prabhAvalI ko pradarzita karane meM kalAkAroM ne atyadhika saphalatA prApta kI / mUrtiyAM adhikatara padmAsana meM milatI haiN| sira para kuMcita keza tathA vakSa para zrIvatsa yA vardha - mAnakya cinha milatA hai / aMga pratyaMgoM kI gaThana bar3I sugar3ha hotI hai / aisI aneka utkRSTa mUrtiyAM mathurA kauzAMbI, mahicchatrA, devagaDha, grAkoTA Adi sthAnoM se milI haiM / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra svAmI ke mandiroM kA nirmANa kaba se prArambha huA yaha eka vivAdagrasta bAta hai / prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM prAyaH tIrthaMkara mandiroM kA ullekha nahIM milatA / mahAvIra svAmI apane bhramaNa ke samaya mandiroM meM nahIM Thaharate the, balki caityoM meM vizrAma karate the / ina caityoM ko TIkAkAroM ne 'yakSAyatana' (yakSa kA pUjA sthala) kahA hai| bhArata meM yakSa pUjA bahuta prAcIna hai / yakSoM ke mandiroM yA thAnoM meM unakI pUjA hotI thI / 'bhagavatI sUtra' nAmaka jaina grantha ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ne 'pRthvI zilApaTTa' ke Upara baiTha kara eka vRkSa (zAla) ke nIce tapa kiyA, jahAM unheM samyaka jJAna kI prApti huI / bhagavAna buddha ne pIpala vRkSa ke nIce baiThakara jJAna prApta kiyA / buddha ke usa zrAsana kA nAma 'baudhimaDa' prasiddha huA / usakA prakana prArambhika bauddha kalA meM bahuta milatA hai jisakI pUjA kA bar3A pracAra huA / bodhimaMDa tathA buddha se sambandhita bodhivRkSa, dharmacakra, stUpa 2-43 Adi kahI prArambha meM pUjA hotI thI / buddha kI mAnuSI mUrti kA nirmANa bAda meM zurU huprA / usake pahale jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI mAnuSI pratimAeM astitva meM zrA cukI thiiN| caitya vRkSa kI pUjA jaina dharma kA bhI eka aMga bana gaI / vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM se saMbaMdhita caMtya vRkSoM ke vivaraNa jaina sAhitya meM upalabdha haiM / aise taruvaroM meM kalpavRkSa, zAla, Amra Adi mahatvapUrNa vRkSa mAne jAne lage aura inakA pradarzana tIrthakara pratimAnoM tathA unake zAsana devatAoM ke sAtha kiyA jAne lagA / caitya vRkSa hI mandiroM ke prArambhika rUpa mAnya hue / yadyapi Adhunika artha meM prAcInatama jina mandiroM ke svarUpa kA spaSTa patA hameM nahIM hai, para itanA kahA jA sakatA ki aneka mandira IsA se kaI sau varSa pUrva astitva meM prA cuke the / 1 vaizAlI ke jJAtR kula meM vaizAlI nagarI ke samIpa kuNDa grAma ( prAdhunika vAsukuNDa) meM I0 pUrva 599 meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma huA / unake pitA siddhArtha isa kula ke mukhiyA the / mahAvIra kI mAtA trizalA vaidehI vaizAlI ke nareza ceTaka kI bahana thI / prAcIna jaina granthoM meM mahAvIra svAmI ko 'videha sukumAra' tathA 'vaizAlika' nAma bhI diye gaye haiM / unhoMne dakSiNa bihAra ke parvatIya tathA jAMgalika pradeza ke bhramaNa meM aneka varSa bitaae| isase yaha svAbhAvika thA ki vaha kSetra mahAvIra svAmI ke upadezoM kA vizeSa pAtra hotA / jaina anuzruti ke anusAra rAjagRha mahAvIra svAmI ko sabase adhika pasanda thA / unhoMne caudaha varSAvAsa rAjagRha tathA nAlaMdA meM kie / rAjagRha meM mahAvIra svAmI ke pUrvaja tIrthaMkara munisuvrata kA janma huA thA / munisuvrata kA nAma mathurA se prApta dvitIya zatI kI pratimA para sarvaprathama utkIrNa milatA hai / jaina anuzrutiyoM ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAbIra

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2-44 kA nirvANa pAvApurI meM humA / usa samaya ve 72 samIpa aneka prAcIna TIle haiN| TIloM se ThIkaroM, varSa ke the aneka vidvAna bihAra pradeza ke vartamAna sikkoM, mUrtiyoM Adi ke rUpa meM purAtatva kI nAlaMdA jile meM sthita pAvA ko prAcIna pAvApurI pracura sAmagrI milatI hai / jaina sAhitya meM prApta mAnate hai / parantu use prAcIna nagarI mAnane meM eka. bhaugolika tathA anya vivaraNoM ke AdhAra para kaThinAI yaha hai ki vahAM bahuta prAcIna purAtatvIya devariyAM jile ke isa sthala ko hI prAcIna pAvA avazeSa,nahIM mile haiN| vidvAnoM kA dUsarA varga prAcIna mAnanA ThIka pratIta hotA hai| yahAM samyak rUpa se pAvApurI kI sthiti uttara pradeza ke devariyA jile meM purAtatvIya utkhanana bahuta prAvazyaka hai / isase eka mAnatA hai| isa jile ke phAjilanagara tathA saThi- vivAdagrasta samasyA para apekSita prakAza par3ane kI yAMva nAmaka gAMvoM ke madhya bhAsamAnapUra aura usake sambhAvanA hai| prAtma-damana appA ceva dameyambo appA hu khalu duddamo / appA baMto suhI hoi assi loe parattha y|| -uttarAdhyayana sUtraH 1-15 AtmA kA hI damana karanA cAhiye, nizcaya se prAtmA hI durdamanIya hai| prAtmajayo hI isa loka aura paraloka meM sukhI hotA hai /

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hAthIgumphA zilAlekha ko viSayavastu kaliMga cakravartI, aila samrATa khAravela, I0 pU0 kA eka mAtra bhAratIya samrATa yA aitihAsika mahApuruSa hai jisake rAjyakAla ke eka pUre yuga kA kramabaddha itihAsa zilAGkita rUpa meM hameM prApta hotA hai| khAravela nissandeha jaina rAjA thaa| usakA lekha "Namo arihaMtANaM-gamo sava siddhANaM" ke maMgala mantra se prArambha hotA hai aura 'kaliMga-jina' nAmaka prasiddha tIrthaMkara pratimA ko punarghApti paura purna pratiSThA ko usane apane kArya kI antima mahad saphalatA ke rUpa meM ginAyA hai| yadyapi isake pUrva samrATa azoka ke aneka zilA-prajJApana astitva meM A cuke the parantu rAjA ke nAma, tithikrama se usakI upalabdhiyoM mAdi ke prabhAva meM ve itihAsa kI saMjJA prApta nahIM kara sake haiN| yaha alaga bAta hai ki una zilA prajJApanoM ke mAdhAra para mauryakAla ke itihAsa kA bhavana sthApita karane meM vidvAnoM ko bhArI saphalatA prApta huI hai| isake viparIta khAravela kA yaha zilAlekha apane saMsthApaka rAjA ke nAma se yukta aneka dezoM paura rAjavaMzoM ke ullekha sahita, khAravela ke yuvarAja pada se lekara usake rAjya ke teraha varSoM kI usakI mahatvapUrNa upalabdhiyoM kA kramavAra evaM vigatavAra itihAsa prakaTa karatA haiN| isa prapekSA se nirvivAda hI yaha zilAlekha hamAre deza kA sarvAdhika prAcIna, pramANita aura vizvasanIya, aitihAsika dastAveja kahA jA sakatA hai| hAthIgumphA abhilekha khaNDagiri-udayagiri parvata ke dakSiNa kI pora lAla baluve patthara kI eka caur3I prAkRtika guhA meM utkIrNa hai| isameM satraha paMktiyAM hai aura pratyeka paMkti meM 90 se lekara 100 zrI nIraja jaina, ema. e. satanA DA0 kanhaiyAlAla agravAla vANijya mahAvidyAlaya, satanA, ma. pra.

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2-46 taka akSara haiM / prastuta abhilekha pahalI bAra sTaliMga pUrvataH andhakArAvRta ur3IsA ke samrATa khAravela kA dvArA 1820 I0 meM prakAza meM AyA aura 1826 carita prAmANika rUpa se hamAre samakSa ujAgara I0 meM anuvAda sahita isakA prakAzana huA / kiyA hai| kAlAntara meM jemsa prinsepa (1837 I0), kanidhama prastuta zilAlekha eka jaina abhilekha hai (1877 I0), rAjA rAjendralAla mitra (1860 I.) jisameM khAravela ke janma se lekara rAjyAbhiSeka ke ma. bhagavAnalAla indrajI (1883 I0), bulhara bAda ke terahaveM varSa taka kI ghaTanAoM kA saMkSipta (1895, 1898 I0), blAkha (1906 I0), lUDarsa aura phlITa (1910 I0), DA0 rAkhAladAsa banarjI varNana hai| jaina paddhati ke anusAra yaha abhilekha mahata aura siddhoM ke abhivAdana se prArambha hotA (1913 aura 1917 I0), DA0 kAzIprasAda, hai| jainoM meM paMca parameSThiyoM ke abhivAdana kI jAyasavAla (1917, 18, 27 I0) prabhRti aneka vidvAnoM ne vivecya abhilekha ke saMzodhita pATha paramparA atyanta prAcIna hai| usI kA pratIka rUpa prakAzita kiye| isa prakAra hAthIgumphA abhilekha ke arhanta aura siddha yahAM diyA gayA hai| sampUrNa pATha ko bAra-bAra par3he jAne kI kahAnI atyanta lekha meM khAravela ke lie aira, mahArAja aura manoraMjaka hai| mahAmeghavAhana jaise rAjakIya virudoM kA prayoga huA hai / DA0 dinezacandra sarakAra kA mata hai ki hAthIgumphA abhilekha se udghATita jaina samrATa vaha 'IlA kI santanti' arthAt candravaMzI kSatriya thA / khAravela kA itihAsa mAdhunika vidvattA ko mahAn vaha kaliMgAdhipati thA aura kaliMga ke mahAmeghavAhana upalabdhi haiN| yaha tathya isa dRSTi se bhI atyanta vaMza meM utpanna huA thaa| prastuta abhilekha ke mahatvapUrNa hai ki pradyAvadhi khAravela ke sambandha meM viparIta usakI agramahiSI use apane lekha meM sAhitya se, mudrAmoM se tathA anya kisI srota se 'kaliMga cakavartI'3 kahatI hai| prataH isa tathya se kisI bhI prakAra kI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM huii| yaha jJAta hotA hai ki hAthI gumphA abhilekha ke isa mahAn samrATa ke bAre meM hama jo kucha bhI jAnate utkIrNa hone ke pazcAt hI kisI samaya kisI haiM vaha isa zilAkhaNDa kI durbodha vANI ke rUpa meM vijaya ke upalakSa meM usane cakravartI kA viruda prakaTa humA / purAlipivettAoM ko isakA artha dhAraNa kiyA ho| ina lekha meM rAjA kA nAma samajhane meM lagabhaga eka zatI (1820 I0 se khAravela likhA gayA hai| DA0 sarakArakA mata hai 1917 I0) kA dIrghakAla lgaa| prastuta abhilekha ki kSAra+vela kA artha samudrI taTa para zAsana karane kA par3hA jAnA vidvAnoM kI anavarata jijJAsA, vAlA hai| mahAn sAdhanA aura kaThora parizrama kI vijaya hai| sara prAzutoSa mukarjI kA kathana hai ki prastuta isa zilAlekha se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki bhabhilekha ne bhAratIya itihAsa meM ajJAta aura pandraha varSa kI prAyu prApta kara lene ke pazcAt 1. ja. bi. u. ri. so., khaNDa 10 pR. 8 2. selekTa inskripsansa, khaNDa 1, pR. 21], TippaNI 6 3. prolDa brAhmI inskripsansa, pR. 57. 4. selekTa inskripsansa, khaNDa 1, pR. 211

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2-47 khAravela yuvarAja niyukta kiyA gyaa| vaha nau varSoM kahe gaye isa pazudharma kI vidvAna dvijoM ne nindA taka yuvarAja rhaa| yuvarAja ke rUpa meM khAravela ke kI hai / samasta pRthvI kA pAlana karate hue rAjarSiullekha se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isa samaya pravara vena ne kAma se naSTa buddhi hokara manuSyoM ko kaliMga kA rAjasiMhAsana zAsaka vihIna thaa| yaha bhAI kI strI ke sAtha sambhoga kA niyama pracalita vismayajanaka hai ki lekha meM khAravela ke pitA athavA kara varNasa kara bnaayaa|" taba (vena ke zAsanakAla) pUrvAdhikArI rAjA kA nAma nahIM diyA gyaa| aisA se jo manuSya mRtapati vAlI vidhavA strI ko santAna pratIta hotA hai ki usakA pitA jo eka svatantra ke liye (devara mAdi ke sAtha) mohavaza niyukta zAsaka thA, vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa zAsana karane meM karatA hai, usakI sajjana loga nindA karate haiN|"? asamartha thA, isaliye khAravela pitA kI ora se uparyukta udAharaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki . sampUrNa zAsana kara rahA thA athavA aise samaya para use pRthvI ke zAsaka rAjarSi vena ke zAsanakAla meM pazuuttarAdhikAra prApta huA jaba vaha avayaska thaa| dharma hone se niyoga prathA samApta kara dI gyii| caubIsa varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara lene para kaliMga ke padmapurANa meM ullekha hai ki vena ne prArambha meM zAsaka ke rUpa meM usakA rAjyAbhiSeka humA / aisA acchI prakAra zAsana kiyA kintu kAlAntara meM vaha pratIta hotA hai ki pracalita paramparA ke anusAra jaina ho gyaa| isa parivartana ke kAraNa janetara una dinoM rAjyAbhiSeka ke lie paccIsa varSa kI sAhitya meM vena kI bhartsanA kI gyii| prastuta pAyu mAvazyaka thii| isIliye azoka kA rAjyA- abhilekha se isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki brAhmaNa bhiSeka bhI zAsana sambhAlane ke cAra varSa bAda paramparA meM vena kA nAma Adarza rAjA ke rUpa meM huprA thaa| nahIM liyA gayA jabaki jaina paramparA meM usakA ullekha sammAna sahita hupA hai| agara abhilekha ke khAravela kA ullekha zaizavAvasthA se hI utkIrNa karate samaya taka jainoM meM rAjA vena kI varddhamAna' aura 'vena tulya vijaya vAle' ke rUpa meM pratiSThA na hotI to khAravela ke sAtha kabhI bhI kiyA gayA hai| yahAM para vartamAna kA tAtparya usakI tulanA na kI gayI hotii| yaha ullekhanIya hai caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra se hai jaba ki vena eka ki brAhmaNoM kI dRSTi meM rAjA vena kA mukhya doSa vaidika vyaktitva hai| jaina zAstroM ke anusAra jAti prathA ko samApta kara denA thaa| .. mahAvIra varddhamAna kahalAte the kyoMki janma ke bAda thor3e hI samaya meM unake vyaktitva kA atizaya apane prathama zAsana varSa meM khAravela. ne tUphAna vikAsa hamA thaa| manusmRti meM kahA gayA hai ki se gire hue (rAjadhAnI ke) gopura, prAkAra aura "rAjA vena ke zAsanakAla meM manuSyoM ke liye bhI nivAsoM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA / usane RSi khivIra 5. Rgveda, 10, 123. 6. ayaM dvijahi vidvadbhiH pazudharmo vigahitaH / manuSyANAmapi prokto vene rAjyaM prazAsati / / sa mahImakhilA bhuJjanarAjarSipravaraH purAH / varNAnAM saMkara cakre kAmopahata cetanaH / / 9-66-67 tataH prabhRti yo mohAtpramItapatikAM striyan / niyojayatyapatyArtha taM vigarhanti sAdhavaH / / 9.68

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2-48 nAmaka jhIla aura RSi tAla tar3AgoM kA nirmANa karAyA aura samasta udyAna pratisthApita karAye tathA patIsa lAkha prajA kA raMjana kiyaa| jAyasavAla aura banarjI ne zivIra- isa sAla zabdoM ke pATha kA pratyanta sAvadhAnIpUrvaka parIkSaNa kiyA hai / lekina isake sivAya ki khivIra ko eka RSi kA nAma mAna liyA jAya dUsarA koI samAdhAna sambhava nahIM hai / pratIta hotA hai ki yA to ukta RSi ne isa jhIla kA nirmANa karAyA prathavA usake nAma para isakA nAmakaraNa ho gayA / dUsare zAsanavarSa meM khAravela kA pahanA vijaya abhiyAna usa samaya prArambha huA jaba sAtakaci kI kucha bhI paravAha na karate hue usakI caturaMginI senA kA prayANa huA jisane kanhavenA taTa para sthita mUsika nagara ko bahuta trasta kiyA / sAtakariMga brAhmaNa sAtavAhana vaMza kA eka zAsaka thA / usakA abhijJAna isI rAjavaMza ke tRtIya zAsaka sAtakariNa se kiyA gayA hai / kalimavAhinI sAtavAhanoM kI rAjadhAnI pahuMcI jo mAMdhrapradeza ke belArI jile meM thii| isIlie khAravela kA yaha sainya abhiyAna sAtavAhanoM kI pratiSThA ke liye eka bhISaNa zrAghAta samajhA gyaa| mUsika jAti kA nivAsa dakSiNa bhArata meM thA / saMbhavataH unake deza kI sImAyeM pazcima dizA meM ur3IsA ke zrAsanna nikaTa thI / prabhilekha meM mUsikadeza kI rAjadhAnI kanhavenA 8. epI0 iNDi0, khaNr3a 20, pRSTha 83. bhISmaparva, pra0 9 9, (kRSNaveNA ) ke taTa para sthita batAI gaI hai / isa nadI kI pahacAna prAdhunika kRSNA nadI se kI gaI hai jo mahArASTra ke satArA jile se nikalakara prAMdhrapradeza ke dakSiNa bhAga meM bahatI huI baMgAla kI khAr3I meM giratI hai / khArevala kRSNA nadI ke taTa para kisI lambe aura anizcita mArga se gayA hogA / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vaha pazcima dizA (pachima disaM) meM calakara kRSNA nadI ke taTapara pahu~cA / mahAbhArata', meM mUsikoM kA nivAsa dakSiNa bhArata meM batAte hue unakA ullekha vanavAsiyoM ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai / bharata ke nATyazAstra 10 meM mosaloM ke antargata tosaloM aura kosaloM kA varNana huA hai| viSNupurANa 14 meM strIrAjya ke sAtha mUsikoM kA nAma mAyA hai / vAtsAyana ke kAmasUtra kI jayamaMgalA TIkA 12 meM mUsikoM kA rAjya vindhyaparvata ke pazcima meM batAyA gayA hai / mUsI nAma kI eka nadI nalagoNDara zrIra kRSNA jiloM kI sImA para kRSNAnadI meM milatI hai / ukta nadI kA ullekha rASTrakUTa govinda dvitIya ke zaka saMvat 692 ke eka abhilekha 13 meM bhI milatA hai / jAyasavAla 14 kA mata hai ki mUsikanagara isI nadI ke kinAre sthita thA / banarjI 15 kA kathana hai ki bhUmikanagara kuntala deza yA vanavAsI deza ke dakSiNa kI bhora thaa| ve usakA abhijJAna mujirisa ke bandaragAha se karate haiM / kintu DA0 sarakAra 16 musikanagara ke sthAna para isakA pATha zrAsikanagara karate haiM / unake anusAra asika RSika deza ke 10. 13,27 11. vilsana, 4, pR0 221 12. kAmasUtra 20 5 27 13. epi0 iNDi0 khaNDa 6 pR0 208.13 14. ja0 rA0 e0 so0 1922, pR0 165 tathA prAge; iNDi0 eNTi0 1923 pR0 138 15. epi iNDi0, khaNDa 20, pR0 84 TippaNI 21 16. eja graoNpha ImpIriyala yUniTI, pR0 213 1

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dakSiNa meM kRSNa aura godAvarI nadiyoM ke bIca meM sambandhita evaM unakA netRtva karane vAle the / sthita thaa| yaha mata samIcIna pratIta hotA hai| prArambhika dinoM meM unhoMne sAmrAjya nirmANa meM sAtavAhanoM kI mahatvapUrNa sahAyatA kI thii| / zAsana ke tIsare varSa meM gandharvazAstravida khAravela isIlie sAtavAhana narezoM ne unheM mahAbhoja mora ne nATaka, nRtya, gIta, vAditra ke prAyojanoM ke dvArA mahAraThI kI mahatvapUrNa upAdhiyAM dii| ye upAdhiyAM utsava evaM samAja kI yojanA karAkara nagarI ko kucha nizcita parivAroM aura nizcita pradezoM mAnandita kiyaa| meM paramparAgata rUpa se pracalita ho gyiiN| inakA cauthe zAsanavarSa meM usane vidyAdhara pAvAsa nAmaka prAdhikya mahArASTra ke thAnA aura kolAbA jiloM meM bhavana kI marammata karAyI aura rASTrikoM tathA thaa|18 bhojakoM para vijaya prApta kii| rASTrikoM aura isa yuddha ke saMdarbha meM vidyAdharoM ko rAjadhAnI bhojakoM kA abhijJAna kramazaH sAtavAhana abhilekhoM kA ullekha huprA hai| kumAraguptakAlIna mathurA jana aura usI yuga ke kanherI, kur3A aura beusA ke laghu mUrtilekha19 se jJAta hotA hai ki vidyAdhara jainiyoM lekhoM meM ullikhita mahArathiyoM aura mahAbhojakoM se kI eka zAkhA thI / pratIta hotA hai ki jaina dharmAvakiyA gayA hai| azoka ke pAMcaveM zilA prajJApana ke lambI khAravela ne vidyAdhara sampradAya ke jainiyoM kI giranAra pATha meM risTikoM. zAhabAjagaDhI meM rathikoM surakSA ke liye hI yaha AkramaNa kiyA thA / aura ma.naseharA meM rathakoM kA nAma pAyA hai| prastuta lekha meM vidyAdharoM kI rAjadhAnI ke ullekha isI prakAra dhaulI pATha meM upayukta pAThoM se milatA- se pratIta hotA hai ki yaha sthAna eka bar3A jaina tIrtha julatA Thika zabda milatA hai| prazoka ke terahaveM thA jise bhojakoM tathA raThikoM se kacha khatarA utpanna zilA prajJApana ke zAhabAjagar3hI, mAnaseharA aura ho gayA thaa| khAravela ne isa tIrtha kI rakSA karanA kAlasI pAThoM meM bhojakoM kA ullekha pitanikoM ke apanA vizeSa uttaradAyitva smjhaa| sabhavataH isI sAtha humA hai / viNDakar3a cuTakulAnanda kAlIna kanherI abhiprAya se usane yaha sainya abhiyAna kiyaa| guhAlekha meM eka mahAbhoja ko mahArAjA kahA gayA hai| isa tathya se pramANita hotA hai ki bhoja eka zAsana ke pAMcaveM varSa meM khAravela ne tanasuli prakAra kA viruda thaa| kur3A guhA se prApta pAMca nAmaka sthAna se prapatI rAjadhAnI taka eka nahara kA atiparaka abhilekhoM meM mahAbhojoM evaM mahAbhojiyoM jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| isa nahara ko nandarAja ne kA ulalekha hai| pallava nareza zivaskandavarmA ke 300 varSa pUrva banavAyA thaa| vivecya mamilekha meM eka tAmrapatra meM bhojaka kA nAma milatA hai| nanda gaja kA nAma do bAra mAyA hai --pahalA paMkti mahAraThI aura mahAbhoja prazAsanika pada the jinakA chaha meM mora dUsarA paMkti bAraha meM / chaThavIM paMkti meM sthAna rAjA ke bAda dUsare nambara para thA / prArambha dI gaI tithi nissandeha rAjA nanda dvArA pravattita meM rathika aura bhoja vastuta: vizeSa jAtiyoM se kisI saMvat kA ullekha karatI hai| magadha ke saMdarbha meM 17. hindU-pAliTI khaNDa 1, pR. 143 aura 195 18. bhaNDArakara, azoka, pR0 29-31; vedAlaMkAra, prAcInabhArata kA rAjanItika tathA sAMskRtika itihAsa, pR0 249-50 19. epi0 iNDi0, khaNDa 2, pR0 210

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2-50 ullikhita isa tithi se nandarAja kA sambandha magadha meM eka siMhapura kA varNana hai jo vahIM para sthita rAja nanda se jur3a jAtA hai| prabhilekha meM vaNita (kAzmIra aura abhisAra ke samIpa) jahAM sikandA yaha nandarAja magadhanareza suprasiddha mahApadmananda kA bajira nagara / lekina DA. esa. ke. prAyanara pratIta hotA hai| kA kathana hai ki vajra eka mahatvapUrNa jAti jisakA nivAsa sona aura gaMgA nadiyoM ke mana chaThaveM zAsanavarSa meM khAravela ne prajA ko sukhI yA baMgAla aura magadha ke bIca meM thaa| vAlA rakhane ke liye aneka kArya kiye / usane rAjadhAnI yA rAr3hA ke do prazAsanika khaNDoM-vajjabhUmi mA~ meM rahane vAle logoM ko aneka prakAra kI suvidhAyeM sunnabhUmi meM se eka thaa| khAravela kI mahiSI isii| dI tathA grAmINa janatA ke kalyANa ke liye karoM vajja bhUmi kI rAjakumArI thI / yaha vajjabhUmi jisa meM chUTa dii| ina kAryoM hetu rAjakoSa se kaI lAkha gaMgA aura sona ghATI meM sthita kaliMga kahA gayA / mudrAeM vyaya kI gyiiN| DA0 jayasavAla20 ne isI yA to kaliga rAjya kA eka bhAga thI yA phira prasaMga meM khAravela dvArA rAresUya yajJa karane kA varNana kaliMga kI sImAoM para sthita thii| isa tathya kI kiyA hai, kintu DA0 baDumA yahA~ rAjasUya ke puSTi silappadhikAram aura maNimekhalAi nAmako sthAna para rAjasari (rAjyazrI yA samRddhi kA bar3hAnA) tAmila jaina mahAkAvyoM se bhI hotI hai / sonaghATI meM pATha zuddha mAnate haiN| khAravela ke jaina matAvalambI vajradeza kI vidyamAnatA kA pramANa tAmila sAhitya hone ke kAraNa yahI artha adhika upayukta aura meM varNita mahAn cola nareza karikAla kI vijayA~ saMgata pratIta hotA hai / se bhI milatA hai / kahA gayA hai ki karikAla uttara * rAjyakAla ke sAtaveM varSa meM usakI gRhavatI kI ora gayA aura usane vaca, magadha tathA mAlA vajradhara (kulavAlI) dhRSTi nAmavAlI gRhiNI ne dezoM se meMTeM svIkAra kii| kumAra ko janma dekara mAtRpada prApta kiyaa| yahAM para yuvarAja ke utpanna hone kA ullekha kiyA gayA dakSiNa meM vijaya prApta karane tathA vahA~ apanI hai| mAtRtva prApta karane vAlI rAnI ko vajra kula- sthiti sudRr3ha karane ke bAda khAravela ne AThaveM yA vAlI kahA gayA hai| jisase anumAna hotA hai ki meM vizAla senA dvArA gorathagiri ko naSTa kara yahAM rAnI ke mAtRkula kA saMketa diyA gayA hai| rAjagRha para AkramaNa kiyaa| usake isa kamI isa saMdarbha meM DA0 jAyasavAla ke anusAra vajra sampAdana zabda ko sunakara yUnAnI rAjA Dimiya yA vajira ko abhijJAna sindha nadI ke dUsare taTa para apanI senA aura vAhana (bhaya se) chor3akara mathurA sthita sikandara ke bajira nagara se kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhAgane ko vivaza huA / gayA se pATaliputra ke pandrahavIM paMkti meM rAnI ke pUrva siMhapraya (siMhaprastha) prAcIna mArga para gorathagiri (gayA ke 20 kilo zabda kA ullekha hai| prastha kA artha nagara hai / yahAM mITara uttara kI sthita barAbara pahAr3iyAM) sthita yaha ullekha karanA manorajaka hogA ki mahAmArata23 thaa| tIsarI zatI I. pU. meM ise 'khalaTika pahA NNNNN 20. ja. bi. u. ri. so. khaNDa 4, pR0 376 21: aolDa brAhmI inskripsansa 22. ja. ni0 u0 ri0 so0, khaNDa 4, pR0 377-78; eriyana, 4'17. 23. sabhAparva 24. sama kandrIbyUsansa prApha sAutha iNDiyA Tu iNDiyana kalcara, pR0 33, 75,

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2-51 ra chaThavIM-sAtavIM zatI meM pravara pahAr3I kahate the| anusAra yaha kisI vizepa vRkSa kA dAna nahIM thA vagRha aura gorathagiri donoM pahAr3I durga the| varan kalpadruma maha nAma kA eka utsava thA jo sA pratIta hotA hai ki uttara aura pazcima dizAoM bar3e samAroha pUrvaka manAyA jAtA thaa| saMbhava hai yaha kramazaH gaMgA aura sona nadiyoM se surakSita hone vartamAna ke vana mahotsava kI taraha koI utsava rahA kAraNa pATaliputra para kevala dakSiNa kI ora se ho / isa paMkti meM tIna prakAra ke bhavoM kA varNana kramaNa kiyA jA sakatA thaa| isI prora goratha- hai- ghara, mAvAsa aura parivasana DA0 jAyasavAla 26 gari sthita thA / yaha eka sainya durga thA jo kA kathana hai ki ghara kA artha gRhasthoM ke rahane Taliputra kI vAhya rakSApaMkti kA kArya karatA thaa| yogya makAna se hai / yAjJavalkya ke anusAra parivasana halI bAra jaba khAravela ne vRhaspatimitra para kA tAtparya vizAla bhavana se hai jisameM sAmUhika sAkramaNa kiyA thA taba vaha pAge nahIM bar3ha sakA rUpa se aneka sAdhaka raha skeN| 27 lekina prAvAsa gaa| prataH jaba cAra varSa bAda pATaliputra para kA artha spaSTa nahIM hai| isI varSa khAravela ne mAkramaNa kiyA gayA taba usane vahAM ke rAjA ko ar3atIsa lAkha mudrAoM se mahAvijaya nAmaka eka lI prAdhInatA svIkAra karane ko vivaza kiyaa| rAjabhavana kA nirmANa karAyA / mahAvijaya prAsAda kara kArya ke karane meM usakI kItti cAroM ko sannivAsa kahA gayA hai jisase anumAna hotA aura phaila gayI jisake phalasvarUpa yavanarAja Dara se hai ki yaha aneka bhavanoM kA eka samUha thA / jayabhIta hokara mathurA bhAga gayA / kucha itihAsa- dasaveM varSa meM daNDa, sandhi aura sAmanIti kA kAroM ke anusAra yaha yavanarAja hinda-yUnAnI nareza pAlana karate hue usane bhAratavarSa ke viruddha eka DimeTriyasa thaa| isa mata kA prAdhAra "Dimita' abhiyAna kiyA aura usa deza ko vijita kiyaa| saba kA pATha hai kintu yaha pATha vivAdAspada hai| hindU rAjanIti ke anusAra videza nIti ke sAma. A. sarakAra kA kathana hai ki yadi yahA~ 'Dimita' dAma, daNDa aura bheda cAra pramukha aMga hai jinako pATha ko sahI mAna liyA jAya to bhI, yaha yUnAnI dvitIya I0pU0 meM mAnyatA milanA prArambha ho gayI rAjA dUsarI I.pU. ke pUrvAddha meM hone vAlA DemeTriyasa thii| yahAM para yaha ullekhanIya hai ki khAravela ne nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki khAravela ke isa lekha kI abhilekha meM 'bheda' kA nAma nahIM liyaa| saMbhavataH mAthi pahalI zatI I. pU. mAnI jAtI hai| usane use nimna koTi kA samajhakara apanI videza nIti ke ana rUpa nahIM maanaa| agale varSa usane zAsana ke naveM varSa meM usane pallava,kalpavRkSa, apanI senAmoM kA muMha dakSiNa kI ora mor3a diyA bAva, hasti, cAlakoM sahita ratha, gRhanivAsa aura aura pIthunDa nAmaka rAjA kI rAjadhAnI jItakara vidhAmazAlAyeM dAna kI tathA brAhmaNoM ko kara dene vahAM "gaSoM se hala calavA diyA" / yaha sthAna se mukta kara diyA / hemAdrI 25 ke anusAra hAthiyoM TAlmI dvArA varNita pitundra nagara hai jo prAndhrapradeza aura ghor3oM sahita svarNanirmita kalpavRkSa kA dAna ke machalIpaTTana pradeza kI rAjadhAnI thaa| isI varSa mahAdAnoM meM se eka thaa| lekina jaina zAstroM meM yaha usane tamila deza ke rAjAnoM ke saMgha kI zakti ko vidhi kucha parivartanoM ke sAtha milatI hai| unake naSTa kara diyA / ashlendainvillesmimicinamaina 26. catuvarga cintAmaNi dAna-khaNDa 26. ja. bi. u. ri. so. khaNDa 4, pR, 380 27. yAjJavalkyasmRti, ?.187

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2-32 apane zAsanakAla ke bArahaveM varSa meM usane puna: uttarApatha ke rAjAnoM ke viruddha sainika abhiyAna kiyA jisase magadhavAsiyoM ke hRdaya meM bhaya bhara gyaa| apane hAthiyoM aura ghor3oM ko usane punaH isa varSa gaMgA nadI kA pAnI pilaayaa| isa ghaTanA kA jJAna karAne vAle zabdoM para DA0 jAyasavAla ne dUsare DhaMga se vicAra kiyA hai| unakI mAnyatA ke anusAra yahA~ mudrArAkSasa meM varNita, gaMgA taTa para sthita moryo ke sugAMga nAmaka rAjamahala para khAravela dvArA adhikAra kiye jAne kA gharana hai / abhilekha ke isa pada ko DA0 jAyasavAla 28 ne 'hathI sugaMgIya' pATha mAnA hai / khAravela ke isa abhiyAna meM magadhanareza vRhaspatimitra ne usakI prAdhInatA svIkAra karate hue vijetA samrATa kI caraNa vandanA kii| parantu mAtra zAsaka para vijaya prApta kara lenA khAravela ke isa abhiyAna kA abhISTa nahIM thA / isa bAra eka vizeSa abhiprAya ko lekara usane apanI senA magadha kI dizA meM baDhAI thI / vaha abhiprAya thA tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra kI usa pratimA ko punaH prApta - karanA jise lagabhaga tIna sau varSa pUrva rAjA nanda dvArA kaliMga se magadha le zrAyA thA / prabhilekha kI isa pakti meM bar3e garva ke sAtha ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki khAravela kA yaha abhiyAna saphala huA aura kaliMgajina kI pratimA ke sAtha aMga aura magadha kI vipula sampatti lUTakara hI vaha svadeza vAsa huA / DA0 jAyasavAla 29 kA mata hai ki udayagiri-khaNDa giri sthita anantaguhA meM pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke lAJchana pAye jAte haiM / kintu mahAvIra kA lAJchana siMha jaya-vijaya aura ananta donoM guphAdhoM meM adhikatA se pAyA jAtA hai / ataH kaliMga jina ke rUpa meM unakI hI carcA prastuta abhilekha meM kI gayI hai / isI varSa khAravela ne saMbhavata: pANDaya deza rAjA ko bhI parAjita kiyaa| isa rAjA ne u bahumUlya muktA- maNiyoM aura ratnoM ke upahAra kiye / terahaveM zrIra zilAlekha meM ullikhita antima zAsana varSa meM apanI vijayoM se santuSTa khAravela rAjya ke sAre sAdhana dhArmika kRtyoM meM lagA diye usane kumArI parvata para niSiddhA meM rahane vAle yA bhikSuoM ko rAjakIya saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyA aura siMhastha rAnI sindhulA ke liye 75 lAkha mudrAyeM kharca kara vizrAmAvAsoM kA nirmANa karaNyA | terahavAM zAsana varSa samApta hone ke pUrva khArakhela dvArA eka jaina sAdhu pariSada kA prAyojana kiyA gayA jisameM bhAga lene ke liye dUra-dUra se muni evaM prAcArya udayagiri khaNDagiri para upasthita hue / isa bAta ke ullekha milate haiM ki uttara bhArata meM mauryakAla meM bAraha varSoM ke durbhikSa kI samApti para eka jaina sabhA kA Ayojana pATaliputra meM kiyA gayA / jaina vAGkamaya ke bikhare aura viluptaprAya sUtroM ko saMkalita aura lipibaddha karanA isa pariSad kA udda ezya thA parantu zruta paramparA se jaina sUtra jinakI smRti meM surakSita the aise adhikArI AcAryoM meM paraspara matabheda hone ke kAraNa yaha sabhA binA kisI niSkarSa ke samApta ho gayI thI / samrATa khAravela ne jaba isa prakAra kI samra kA prAyojana kumArI parvata kI pavitra bhUmi para kiyA taba paristhitiyAM bahuta badalI huI thii| apanI caturdika vijayoM ke kAraNa khAravela eka zaktizAlI samrATa yA cakravartI ke rUpa meM vikhyAta ho gayA thaa| tIna sau varSa pUrvakaliMga se apaharita kaliMga jina nAmaka tIrthaMkara pratimA ko yuddha meM 28. ja. bi. u. ri. soH, khaNDa 4, pR. 384 29. vahI DA0 banarjI ke anusAra kaliMga jina dasaveM tIrthakara zItalanAtha the / dekhiye epi. INDi., khaNDa 20, pR. 85

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2-53 vApasa prApta karake guphA maMdira meM usakI punapratiSThA sarva pASaNDa (dharma) pUjaka, aneka devAyatanoM kA karane ke kAraNa dharma kI pora khArevala kI niSThA nirmAtA, advitIya sainyabalavAlA, rASacakravAlA, aura sammAna bhAvanA hI dUra-dUra taka vikhyAta ho pravartita rAjacakravAlA, rAjarSi vasukulotpanna tathA cukI thii| khAravela ke isa prabhAvaka vyaktitva ne mahAvijayI kahA gayA hai| isa sabhA ko eka saphala Ayojana ke rUpa meM sampanna khAravela ke vyaktitva kI mahimA kA bakhAna karane karane meM apanA vizeSa yogadAna diyaa| samUce deza vAle upayukta prathama tIna vizeSaNa vizeSa rUpa se se jaina vAGamaya ke adhyetA vidvAn, zrAvaka maura dhyAna dene yogya haiN| ina vizeSaNoM ke bhASAra para sAdhu kumArIparvata para ekatra hue aura sUtroM kA yaha vizvAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki apanI uttara paThana-pAThana tathA yathA saMbhava lekhana vahAM huaa| avasthA meM khAravela ne bhI, candragupta maurya kI taraha, jaina vANI kA yaha gunthana varNamAlA ke causaTha jaina sAdhu kI dIkSA aMgIkAra kara lI thI / usakA voM, svaroM aura saMyuktAkSaroM meM kiyA gyaa| anta samaya bhI jaina mAcaraNa kI cAra ArAdhanAoM isakA saMketa zilAlekha ke 'coyaThi-maMga saMtika' se (samyak darzana, samyak jJAna, samyak cAritra tathA milatA hai| samyak tapa) kI sAdhanA meM vyatIta huaa| yahAM hama zilAlekha se yaha jJAta nahIM hotA ki yaha 'kSemarAja' sambodhana meM samasta jIvoM ke kalyANa kI terahavAM varSa khAravela ke rAjyakAla kA aMtima varSa kAmanA se yukta usakA samyak dRSTi rUpa, 'vRddharAja' yA yA usane aura adhika samaya taka zAsana kiyaa| vizeSaNa meM bar3hate hue nirmala jJAna vAlA usakA usakI mahiSI dvArA bAda meM aMkita zilAlekhoM meM samyak jJAnI rUpa tathA 'bhikSurAja' pada meM khAravela use 'cakravartI' ke aizvaryazAlI pada ke sAtha smaraNa kA tapasyAlIna, mahAvatI, samyak cAriNI rUpa karanA isakA saMketa detA hai ki khAravela ne Age bhI dekhate haiN| mokSamArga kI ina tIna upalabdhiyoM se rAjya karake apanI samprabhutA kA saMvarddhana kiyaa| aba khAravela kA jIvana pavitra ho gayA mora yaha zilAlekha to usake virudoM aura vyaktitva paraka samyak tapa usake vyaktitva meM pratiSThita ho gayA vizeSaNoM ke ullekha ke sAtha samApta hotA hai| taba usake liye dharmarAja kA sahaja sambodhana hameM yahAM use kSemarAja, vRddharAja, bhikSurAja, dharmarAja, svataH sArthaka pratIta hone lagatA hai /

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yuga kA arcana ? ____ vaidya jJAnendra dAnA bhagavan ! kyA tuma sahana kara sakoge isa yuga kA arcana vandana ? yadi jagatI para hote tuma to bhaktoM meM kaise nibha pAte koI kahatA rakheM digambara - koI mukuTa - hAra pahinAte saura digambara zvetAmbara kI apanI - apanI TAMga ar3Ate lar3a bhir3a kara nyAyAlaya meM apanA apanA adhikAra batAte donoM hI adhikArI hote apanA apanA abhinaya, arcana bhagavan ! kyA tuma sahana kara sakoge isa yuga kA arcana vandana ? koI tumheM niyamita karatA terA pantha, bIsa panthoM meM koI tumheM vivAhita kahatA bAlabrahmacArI, granthoM meM koI akSata - candana se koI mevA, miSThAna caDhAte apanI apanI DhapalI para apanA apanA hI rAga bajAte 'tumhI eka' para pantha anekoM kisa kisa kA karate saMrakSaNa bhagavan ! kyA tuma sahana kara sakoge isa yuga kA arcana vandan ?

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tumane rAga nahIM jarUrata pATha tyAgA aparigraha kA upadeza diyA thA se jyAdA saMcaya ho yaha Adeza kiyA thA para cUhe dImaka khA jAyeM yA sar3a jAye godAmoM meM dIna hIna ko beceMge bhagavan dravita na kara sakatA inako phira bhI anAja UMce dAmoM meM bhUkhoM - naMgoM kA karuNA krandana tuma sahana kara sakoge isa yuga arcana vandana ? ye kitane gumarAha ho gaye punaH jarUrata paMca aNuvrata ke anugAmI kyA ! kyA ! batalAyeM - tuma khuda hI jAna rahe ho antaryAmI AtmasAta ho gaI milAvaTa jhUla chala kapaTa cora bajArI niza dina dhana kubera banane kI / dhuna ne hI inakI bhata mArI divyadhvani kI jisase ho guraNagrahaNa prakiMcana ! bhagavAna ! kyA tuma sahana kara sakoge isa yuga kA arcana vandana ? jI bhara rakama kharca kara hI zAdI karate apane lAloM kI 2-65

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12-66 vikavA deM ghara dvAra davAte haiM gardana kanyA vAloM kI sabhya veza meM zubhra bAta se / karate haiM jo kAlI ghAteM kara bher3iyA magaramaccha bhI __khA jAte haiM jinase mAteM inake phande kI phAMsI kA __kasatA hI jAtA hai bandhana bhagavAna ! kyA tuma sahana kara sakogeM isa yuga kA arcana vandana ! bhavya purAtana devAlaya haiM jIrNa zIrNa Dhakate jAte hai lokeSaNA ke liye bhakta mUrti-mandira gaDhate jAte haiM inheM bhalA phurasata hI kaba hai| pUjA ko kara diye pujArI aura boliyoM meM dhana se hI vanate svarga-mokSa adhikArI dharma, kalaza-mAlA kharIda meM vyartha inheM sAmAjika 'cintana' bhagavana ! kyA tuma sahana / kara sakoge isa yuga kA arcana bandana ? kitane citra chape kaleNDaroM pepara beToM meM paindoM meM DAyariyoM, balvoM svIcoM meM sikkoM meM tAle cainoM meM DhaDha liye sAdhana kamAI ke __ dhandhe vAloM ne, nAmoM meM zraddhAlu gADhI kamAI se lete haiM dugane dAmoM meM turrA ye nirvANa divasa para karate haiM prabhu kA abhinandana ! bhagavana ! kyA tuma sahana / kara sakoge isa yuga kA arcana vandana ? jJAnacanda 'jJAnendra' DhAnA (sAgara) sikA

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zrI vIra parinirvANa bhUmi kI jhAMkI (prAcArya ananta prasAda jaina "lokapAla") (lekhaka ke niSkarSa antima nahIM haiM / abhI bhI vidvAnoM meM isa saMbaMdha meM paryApta matabheda hai / ) -polyAkA bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa jisa bhUmi meM humA usakA saMkSipta varNana kucha jaina zAstroM meM pAyA jAtA hai-jinake uddharaNa nIce die jAte haiM : (ka) 1.- mahApurANa ke uttara purANa meM varNana hai: ... ............. ityeta tIrthanAthopi vihRtya viSayAnabahUn / / 508 / / kramAtpAvApuraM prApya manohara vanAMtare / bahUnAM sarasA madhye mahAmariNazilAtale / / 509 / / sthitvA dinadvayaM vItavihAro vRddha nirjaraH / kRSNA kArtika pakSasya caturdazyAM nizAtyaye / / 5100 svAtiyoge tRtIyeddha zukladhyAnaparAyaNaH / kRtatriyogasaMrodhaM samucchinnaM kriyaM zritaH / / / / / / hatA dhAti catuSkaH sanmazarIro guNAtmakaH / gatAM muni sahasraNa nirvANaM sarva vAMchitam / / 51211 gAthA 509 ke anusAra aneka sarovaroM se ghire hue manohara nAmaka upavana meM pAvApura meM bhagavAna kA nirvANa huA / 2-AcArya pUjyapAda kRta paMcakalyANakabhakti meM likhA hai:(ka) padmabanadIdhikAkula, viSiSa makhaMDamaMDiteramye pAvAnagarodyAne vyutasagairaNa sthito muniH| kArtika kRSNasyAnte svAtA vRkSe nihatya karmarajaH / avazeSaM saMprApadavya jarAmarakSayaM saukhyam / parinivRtta jinendra jJAtvA vivudhA hyAthA zucAgamyaM / devataru caMdana kAlAguru suribha go zIrSaH / agnindrA jinadehaM mukuTAnala surabhidhUpa vara mAlyaiH / abhyarcya gaNadharAnapi gatAdivyaM khaM ca vanabhavane /

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2-58 (kha) pAvApusya bahirunnata bhUmi deze, padmotpalAkulavatAM sarasAM hi madhye / zrI vardhamAna jinadeva itI pratIto nirvANAmApa bhagavAnpravidhUtayApmA // inameM bhI nirvANa sthAna ke lie kahA hai ki- pAvApura meM kamaloM se suzobhita aneka sarovaroM ke madhya vRkSoM se ghirI UMcI bhUmi para bhagavAna kA nirvANa huA / 3- harivaMza purANa meM kahA hai jinendravIropi vivodhya satataM samantatomavyasamUha saMtati / prapadya pAvAnagaroM garIyasI manoharodyAnavane nadIyake ||15| jvalata pradIpAlikA pravRddhayA surAsuraM dimitayA pradIptayA / tadAsma pAvAnagarI samaMtataH pradIptinA kAzatalApakAzate // isameM bhI pAvAnagara ke manohara nAmaka udyAna meM nirvANa honA varNita hai / 4- jainoM ke prAcIna graMtha jaya dhavalA meM kahA hai : pacchA pAvANayare kattiyamAsassa viNha codasi / sadIe strI esesarayaM chetuvviANo // : isameM bhI nirvANa kA sthAna pAvAnagara kahAM hai 5- eka sthAna para nirvANa pUjana meM kahA hai: pAvApura varodyAne vIraM mokSaM gataM yaje / artha hai - pAvApura ke uttama udyAna meM vIra bhagavAna mokSa gae / ina sabhI uddharaNoM se sApha jAhira hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra vardhamAna kA nirvANa pAvAnagara meM UMcI bhUmi para sthita manohara nAma ke upavana meM huA jo aneka kamala yukta ghirA thA / sarovaroM se ye sabhI lakSaNa saThiyAvAM DIha-phAjilanagara meM pAe jAte haiM / kevala paM0 prazAdharajI ne pokhare ke madhya bhagavAna kA nirdhAraNa likha diyA hai jo pragaTa rUpa se galata hai / eka to pokhare ke madhya yaha kArya sambhava nahIM hai / dUsare paM0 prAzAdharajI ne atyanta saMkSipta rUpa se varNana kiyA hai aura zIghratA meM aneka pokharoM ke bIca likhane kI jagaha padya kI kar3IM baiThane ke lie hI aisA likha diyA hai / isakA artha bhI aneka pokharoM ke madhya hI mAnanA cAhie / (kha) kalpa sUtra nAmaka jaina grantha meM varNana hai: --- 1 - taNa jaraNavaya vihAraM biharamANa bhagavaM apacchimaM vayAlIsa maM cAumA pAvApurIe hatthipAla eNe rajjugasAlAe jusAeTie || 2 - pAvAe majjhimAe hatthipAlie mahAe 3 - yasyAM zrI vardhamAno..... hastiyAlAbhidha gharariNa bhUjosciSTitaH zulkazAlAm svAtA pUrva jastha darze zivasamasukha zrI nizAntaM nizAnte // 4 - kAsI kosalagA navamallaI nava licchaI praThThArasa gaNarAyANo amAvasAe posadhopavAsa pAritA ....... ************* 5 - majjhimapAvAe pubvi apAvA puristi nAma zrAsIsakkerA || pAvApuriti nAma kayAM jeNaithya mahAvIrasAmI kAla go //

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2-59 ina uddharaNoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki bhagavAna pakar3a kara kucha vidvAna leur3e aura unhoMne magadha meM kA nirvANa hastipAla rAjA ke cugIkara meM huaa| nirvANa siddha karane ke lie mahAvIra buddha kAla meM usa samaya kAzI kozala ke 18 rAje tathA nau malla bhI tIna-tIna pAvA kI kalpanA aura sRSTi kara paura no licchavI rAje vidyamAna the| pAvA meM DAlI jo aitihAsika tathyoM se mela nahIM khAtA / bhagavAna kA yaha prAkhirI 42vAM varSAvAsa thA / usa samaya kevala eka yahI pAvA thI jo vartamAna majjhima pAvA kA pahale apAvApurI nAma thA kAla meM uttara pradeza ke devariyA jile meM avasthita jo rAda meM nirvANa ke samaya pAvApurI kiyA gyaa| hai| ye tInoM mAma eka hI nagara yA grAma ke the| jaina zAstroM meM pAvAnagara nAma to diyA humA yaha hastipAla unhIM nau malla rAjAmoM meM se hai para ThIka avasthiti kA varNana nahIM hai| prataH eka thA / isakA nAma pUNyapAla thA para bahata se jaba pacchima-dakSiNa se jaina loga apane vismata hae hAthI rakhane ke kAraNa hastipAla kahalAtA thaa| isane tIrthoM kI khoja meM pAe to unheM paMca pahADI vAlA bhagavAna se nirvANa se pahale samasavaraNa meM aneka rAjagRha to prAsAnI se mila gyaa| aura pAsa meM hI unhoMne "pokharapura" nAma ke sthAna ko isake pahale prazna kiye the| yaha jaina dharmAvalambI thaa| "pa"kAra aura bAda ke "pura" kI samAnatA se yaha cugIpara manohara nAmaka udyAna meM rahA pAvApurI mAna liyaa| usa samaya risarca to hote hogA / itihAsa aura itihAsa ke vizeSajJoM ke nahIM nahIM the / prAkivAM lojI bhI nhiiN| samI uttarI milii| anusAra yaha malla deza vartamAna ura ra pradeza ke uttara jaina tIrtha jamIna ke nIce dabe dabAe vismRti ke pUrvI bhAga meM avasthita thA / bajji yA licchivI garbha meM cale gae the / ataH galata sthAna ko hI gaNatantra aura malla gaNatantra par3osI deza the-dAnA nirvAta bhUmi mAnakara vahA tIrtha sthApita kara dI ke bIca gaMDaka nadI bahatI thii| donoM pabhinna mitra gaI / tIrtha sthApita ho jAne para maMdirAdi bana the| inakA baira virodha magadha rAjya ke sAtha calA gae aura idhara 6-7 sau varSoM ke antarAla meM kisI mAtA thA / donoM rAjyoM meM eka dUsare ke adhikArI ne idhara dhyAna nahIM diyA / galatI jyoM kI tyoM hI yA rAjA logoM kA jAnA prAnA banda evaM vajita calatI calI AI / kaviyoM aura paNDitoM ne taba thA / prataH nirvANa ke samaya kevala gaNa rAjoM kA sesI se isA kI prazasti gAI / yahAM mandira kI sthApanA upasthita rahanA aura magadha ke rAjA kI 13vIM isavI sadI ke prArambha meM huI thI bhagavAna manupasthiti bar3A hI pRSTa pramANa hai ki nirvANa mahAvIra ke nirvANa 1700 varSa bAda / / mamadha rAjya meM nahIM huaA, malla gaNarAjya meM agarejI sarakAra ke rAjya kAla ke prAkiyoMhamA / yaha malla gaNarAjya gaMgA nadI ke uttara meM lojikala-purAtatva, vibhAga sthApita hunA aura hI sthita thaa| pAvA nagara malla gaNarAjya kI prAcIna sthAnoM kA zodha, risarca aura anveSaNa eka pramukha (rAjadhAnI kA) kendrIya nagA thA. prArambha huaa| nAlandA, vaizAlI, pAvA, zrAvastI, ise hI kendrIya pabA yA usa samaya / bhASA meM kauzAmbI ityAdi prakAza meM pAe / aba se majjhimApAvA kahate the / majjhimApAvA, pAvA, eka savA sau varSa pahale hI prasiddha anveSaka kanindhama pAvApura, pAvApura nagara, pAvAnagarI yA pAvAnagara ne aura tatpazcAt kAlIila ne ghoSaNA kI ki eka hI nagara kA nAma thaa| majjhimA kA artha hai pAvA gaMgA ke uttara gorakhapura (vartamAna devariyA) pAvA kA madhya bhAga / jile meM hai / kAlIila ne pUrNa rUpeNa siddha kara ... kalpasUtra meM kathita majjhimA pAvA zabda ko diyA ki saThiyAvAM-phAjilanagara kA saMyukta grAma

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2-60 - hI "prAcIna pAvA" thaa| ina logoM ke atirikta * zraura anekoM zodhakartA vidvAnoM aura vizeSajJoM ne isakA samarthana kiyA / "prAcIna pAvA" nAmaka pustaka meM prakAzita vizeSajJa vidvAnoM ke zodhapUrNa lekhoM dvArA sabhI zaMkAoM kA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA haiM praura bhagavAna ke nirvANa kI yaha bhUmi pAvA nagara : pUrNataH siddha ho jAtA hai| jaina, bauddha aura aitihAsika granthoM se dhadhyayana se isI kI puSTi hotI hai / kanindhama, kAlIila ke pratirikta bhAratIya purAtatva vettAnoM-DA0 rAjabalI pAMDe, DA0 zaMlanAtha caturvedI prAdi ne isI ko bhagavAna kI nirvANa bhUmi mAnA aura siddha kiyA hai / prasiddha vidvAna, itihAsajJa evaM zodharttA aura vaizAlI jaina risarca insTITyUTa ke vigata DAirekTara sva0 DA0 hIrAlAlajI jaina evaM sva0 DA0 gulAbacaMdajI caudharI jaina tathA yavatamAla jaina risarca saMsthAna ke DAirekTara DA0 dAdAjI mahAjana ne eka svara se ise hI nirvANa vAlI pAvA ghoSita kiyA hai / prasiddha itihAsajJa evaM "aina arlI hisTrI mApha vaizAlI' ke lekhaka, (jinheM jaina samAja dvArA inakI isa pustaka para pAritoSika milA hai, ) DA0 yogendra . mizra aura aneka pustakoM ke lekhaka DA0 dharma rakSita, sva0 mahApaNDita zrI rAhula sAMkRtyAyana zrAdi isI bhUmi ko pAvA mAnane para jora dete haiM / itihAsa ke prakANDa vidvAna, anveSaka evaM aneka pustakoM ke lekhaka jaina muni sva0 zrI vijayendra sUrIjI mahArAja, jaina muni DA0 nagarAja jI (DI0 liTa) aura jaina muni upAdhyAya zrI vidyAnandajI mahArAja ne bhI isI pAvA ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nirvANa bhUmi svIkAra kiyA hai| aba to aura bhI aneka bar3e-bar3e vidvAna, itihAsajJa zodhakarttA, pramukha jena evaM vijJaloga pAvA nagara ( saThiyAMvaDIha - phAjila nagara) ko hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sahI, zuddha vAstavika nirvAraNa bhUmi mAnane lage haiN| sabhI ko aisA hI mAnanA cAhie / yahI ucita hai / rAjagRha, nAlandA aura pATaliputra kA to kSetra bhagavAna mahAvIra evaM bha. buddha ke vihAra kA pramukha to bhUmi khaNDa thaa| yahAM yadi usa samaya pAvA nAma kI purI grAma yA nagara koI rahatA to avazya jaina aura bauddha zAstro meM rAjagRha aura nAlaMdA ke varNana evaM silasilA yA anukrama meM pAvA kA nAma bhAyA rahatA - para aisA kucha nahIM haiM / bha. buddha zrI yahAM gae rahate aura isa sthAna kA vistRta varNana bauddha zAstroM meM milatA / lekina yahAM pAvA nAmaka koI grAma yA nagara hI usa samaya nahIM thA to varNana kaise zrAtA / bauddha zAstroM meM pramukha sthAnoM kA vivaraNa bar3A hI vyavasthita evaM spaSTa hai / aise sabhI sthAna purAtatva evaM itihAsa dvArA siddha ho gae haiM / pAvA kA varNana "bauddha sAhitya meM anekoM sthAnoM para aneka bAra AyA hai / yaha pAvA vaizAlI aura kuzI nagara ke bIca meM gaMDaka nadI ke pacchima aura gaMgA nadI ke uttara thI / graMthoM meM bha0 buddha aura unake pramukha ziSyoM ke AvAgamana ke mArgoM kA spaSTa varNana hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa pAva meM huA aisA bhI nizcita varNana ddha sAhitya meM diyA huA hai / yaha pAvA eka hI thI jahAM buddha aura mahAvIra donoM kA AvAgamana huA / vaizAlI aura kuzI nagara kA patA laga jAne para pAvA kA bhI patA lagA aura sthAna nizcita rUpa se nirdhArita ho sakA / aisI hAlata meM yadi koI vidvAna pUrvAgraha, yA paramparA ke moha vaza isa pAvA kA virodha karatA hai zrora nAlandA ke pAsa kI madhyakAlIna pAvA ko nirvANa bhUmi siddha karatA hai to vaha kadApi mAnya nahIM honA cAhiecAhe aisA vyakti kyoM na koI bahuta bar3A vidvAna hI ho / (ga) bauddha zAstroM kA bhI kucha uddharaNa yahA~ denA asaMgata nahIM hogA:-- 1 1- " ekaM samayaM bhagavaze sakkesu virahati sAmana gAme | temakho paNa samayena nigaNTho nAthaputa pAvAyaM adhunA kAlaMkato hoti / "

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nigaMThanAtha putra ( mahAvIra ) kA pAvA meM nirvAraNa huA / 2- bhagavAna buddha kA mantima bhojana pAvA meM humA jahAM ve gambhIra rUpa se bImAra ho gae aura prAyaH 25 sthAnoM para baiThakara usI dina kuzInagara pahuMce jahAM unakA nirvANa ho gayA- ataH pAvA kuzInagara ke pAsa hI thA / kahA hai: - etasmi prantare paJcavisatiyA ThAnesu nisIditvA" zrAdi / 3 - mArga varNana "setavyaM kapilavastu kusinAraM ca mandiraM / pAvaMca bhoganagaraM vesAli magadhapura | pAsa kaM cettiyaM ca ramaNIyaM manoramaM / / " 2- 4- " kosAmbiJcApi sAketaM sAvatthiyaMcapuruttamaM / setavyaM kapilavatthu kusinAraJca mandiraM / pAvaM cabhoganagaraM vesAli mAgadhaM puraM // " magadha se vaizAlI puna: kuzInagara ke mArga meM pAvA par3atA thA / athavA srAvastI se kuzInagara phira pAvA taba vaizAlI punaH magadha / inase spaSTa hai ki pAyA kuzInagara aura vaizAlI ke bIca mArga meM hI thA / 5- "pAvA to toNigAvutAni kuzInArAnagaraM / " * pAvA kuzInagara se tIna gavyUti ( 12 mIla) kI dUrI para thA / yahI dUrI Aja bhI hai / mahAvIra buddha kAla meM eka yahI pAvA thI-- koI dUsarI pAvA nahIM thI / bAda meM logoM ne bhagavAna ke nirvANa kI smRti rUpa zranekoM sthAnoM grAmoM ko pAvA tathA pAvA se milate-julate nAma 2-61 rakha liyA aise sthAnoM ko nirvAraNa bhUmi mAnanA bhrama evaM bhUla hai / Ajakala magadha meM nAlaMdA ke pAsa jo pAvApurI hai vahA~ pahale koI grAma isa nAma kA nahIM thA / yaha to bahuta bAda kI madhya kAlIna sthApanA hai / kisI bhI prakAra yaha nirvAraNa bhUmi nahIM siddha hotI hai / pAdA naMgara ( saThiyAvADIhaphAjilanagara ) ke Asa pAsa 3-4 mIla ke vRta meM kitane hI DIha khaNDahara aba bhI haiM jabaki magadhanAlaMdA kI pAvApurI ke pAsa inakA nAma nizAna bhI nahIM haiM / pAvA nagara ke zrAsa pAsa "vIra" nAma se sambandhita kitane hI sthAna haiM / saThiyAvADIha meM bhI 'yogI vIra bAbA" nAmaka eka sthAna hai--jo sambhavataH nirvAraNa sthala hI hai / "yogI vIra bAbA ke nAma se bhaura bhI kitane sthAna uttara bhArata meM milate haiM- ve sabhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ko smRti meM sthApita hai| jahAM jahAM bhagavAna gae hoMge -- upadeza sabhA kI hogI unhIM meM kahIM kahIM aisA nAma zrAja bhI pAyA jAtA hai / aura bhI anekoM puSTa pramANa haiM jinase siddha hotA hai ki pAvA nagara (saThiyAvADIha-phAjilanagara ) hI vAstavika ' pAvA" prAcIna pAvA hai / ise bhArata varSIya bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500vAM nirvANa maho tsava samiti ne bhI pUrNa rUpa se svIkAra kara liyA hai aura yahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA eka vizAla bhavya mandira pokhare meM banAne kA nirNaya liyA hai / 10 - 15 ekar3a jamIna lene kA prastAva hai / samiti dvArA rupae kA prabandha hote hI jamIna le lI jAegI / bhagavAna mahAvIra vardhamAna kI je bhagavAna kA nirvANa bhUmi pAvA nagara kI jaM /

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aitihAsika jaina tIrtha rANakapura - muni zrI chatramalajI savA pAMca so varSa kA, yaha prAktana prAsAda / jainoM ke varcasva kA, karatA DiDimanAda / / 1 / / ur3a ur3a caurAsI dhvajA, detI yoM saMketa / mandara mAkara dekhalo, hokara sabhI saceta / / 2 / / madhinAyaka zrI prAdi jina, catumukhI jagadIza / dhyAna lIna mudrA mudita, mohaka vizvAvIza / / 3 / / trilokya dIpaka nAma kA, itanA vRhdaakaar| sAre bhAratavarSa meM, hai yaha prathama vihAra / / 4 / / jo kucha bhI maiMne kiyA, paricaya vahAM samprApta / vaha prakita maiM kara rahA, yadyapi nahIM paryApta / / 5 / / vahIM mAdar3I grAma thA, dharaNA zA guNavAna / dekhA zAha ne svapna meM, nalinI gulma vimAna / / 6 / / zazi(somasundara prAcAryane,diyA svapna pravabodha / zilpI mile ju dIpajI, karane para bahu-zodha / / 7 / / caudaha sau tetIsa meM, humA kAra prArambha / caudaha sau chinave huprA, pUrNa prAyaH avilamba / / 8 / / zilpI pandraha sau lage, satAbIsa sau aura / zresaTha varSoM taka khape, sAre catura cakora // 7 // sapta dhAtuoM se bharI, paiMtIsa phuTa kI nIMva / pronnata zata do phuTa gayA, devAlaya nabha sIma || 100 sphuTa phuTa ar3atAlIsa sau, meM isakA phailAva / hai corAsI bhohare, jahAM na tanika lagAva ||1|| ' madhya kalAkRtimaya khar3e, Uce Uce stambha / milatA eka na eka se, dekhA ho gata dambha / / 12 / / mAnI jAtI prAja bhI, ginatI ati duHzvAra / ginane vAloM ne gine, hai Azcarya mapAra / / 13 // 1. caudaha se pambAlIsa

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una khambhoM meM eka para, hai zrI dharaNA zAha / adhinAyaka sanmukha khar3e, baddhAMjali sotsAha // 14 // cAra bIsa gumbaja subhaga, jinameM cAra vizAla / hara gumbaja meM koraNI, kA hai kAma kamAla // 15 // caityAlaya sAre vahAM, pUre massI cAra / kalApUrNa kRti dekhakara, hotA citra apAra // 16 // rahe mAmane sAmane, caityAlaya hara eka / isI vidhi se bA~dhe gaye, rakhakara pUrNa viveka // 17 // samavazaraNa kA dRzya bhI, hai pUrA kamanIya / sahasrapharaNI zrIpAsa jina, nAga-yugala mahanIya // 18 // nandIzvara kA haTa subhaga, zatrujaya kA citra / eka eka se bar3ha rahe. nikharI kalA vicitra / / 19 // mUlAlaya se dAhine, (hai) bhairava bhairava rUpa / khar3e bhavAnI sahita ve, adbhuta lie svarUpa // 20 // mukha maMdira ke cautarapha, citrita bAvana vIra / yoginiyoM kI bhI vahAM, hai causaTha tasvIra // 21 // toraNa ika zata pATha the, tIna rahe avazeSa / dekha jinhoM kI koraNI, hotA citra vizeSa // 22 // patthara ko korA yahAM, athavA korA kATha / bar3hate car3hate hI lage, eka eka se pATa / / 23 / kalpa vRkSa ke patra para, korA zazi kA rUpa / pUrNa candramA kI khilI, jyotsnA bar3I bhanUpa // 24 // kotti stambha apUrNa hI, kahatA hai llkaar| mahaM bhAva ke vaza par3A, mAnava khAtA hAra // 25 // do ghaMTAyeM haiM lagI, teraha mana kA bhAra / tIna mIla sunatI turata, ghaNToM kA jhanakAra 126 / / nara nArI ke zabda meM, jyoM rahatA hai pharka / antara unake nAda meM, hamane sunA satarka / / 2711 rAyaNa taka kI chAMha meM, humA RSabha ko jJAna / savA pAMca sau varSa kA, rAyaNa khar3A mahAn // 2811 tIna tarapha to bana gayA, caityAlaya sautsAha / ubhaya adhika sau varSa ko, pahu~ce dharaNAzAha // 29 // dekhA gyAraha khaNDa kA, nalinI gulma vimAna / kaise aba pUre karU, maiM mere aramAna / / 30 / / 1. jo ki mahArAvala ke dvArA banavAyA gayA hai /

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khaNDa kie SaT zikhara meM, tIna khaNDa pratyakSa / prAyaH dhAraNA zAha kA, siddha ho gayA lakSa / / 3 / / dakSiNa dizi kA kAma jo, chor3a gaye pravaziSTa / karavAyA zAha ratna ne, usakA kArya viziSTa / / 32 / / pazcima uttara pUrva meM, zrI marudevA mAta / baiThI gaja prArUr3ha ho, donoM jor3e hAtha / / 3310 dakSiNa dizi meM ratna zA, khaDe yugma kara jodd'| tana mana dhana se mila kiyA, kAma bar3A bejor3a 13411 darzaka gaNa kI nikalatI, mukha se yaha AvAja / kaise banavAyA ise, kaise jor3A sAja / / 351 draviNa kuberoM ne yahIM, kitanA kharcA davya / binA dravya kaise bane, aisA mandira bhavya 11361 do hajAra nava meM huA, isakA jIrNoddhAra / sirpha siMhAsana ke lage, rupaye sitara. hajAra 11371 yadi usI anupAta se, kareM kharca anumAna / kror3oM ke bhI kharca meM, honA nahiM AsAna / / 3811 prAja sabhI sAdhana sulabha sthitiyAM saba svAdhIna / phira bhI bananA kaThina hai, yo mandira saMgIna // 391 deva zakti se hai banA, anuzruti hai vikhyAta / vastu sthiti kI tathyatA, jAna rahe jaganAtha 11.00 dharaNAzA aura dIpajI, pUjArI matimAna / tInoM kI hI caudahavIM, hai jIvita saMtAna 14111 bhavya kalAe dekhakara, acaraja humA mahAn / sasmita vismita A gaye, hama saba apane sthAna 14211 pratibhA ke pUjyatva meM, yadyapi bhinna vicAra / tadapi kalA kI kuzalatA, hai sabako svIkAra // 431 kara vihAra' vahAM se liyA, mAlAgaDDha vishraam| ... ghATe car3hakara moda se, prAye magyA grAma / / 4411 santa 'chatra' ne mudita mana, manahara racA prabandha / sarva darzi sarvajJa jina, jaya jaya Adi jinanda 145 // saMkalanakartA jugala kizora bhojaka

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caTTa kerAcArya aura mUlAcAra paM0 paramAnanda jaina zAstrI dillI AcArya vaTTara ne apanA koI paricaya nahIM diyA, aura na apanI koI guru paramparA kA hI ullekha kiyA hai / mUlAcAra kI TIkA 'mAcAravRtti' ke kartA vasunandI prAcArya ne prapanI vRtti kI utthAnikA meM mUlAcAra kA kartA vaTTakera ko sUcita kiyA hai / isa nAma kA kahIM se bhI samarthana nahIM hotA / vaTTakera yA beTTakeri zabda prAkRta saMskRta bhASA ke nahIM haiN| yaha kanar3I bhASA ke haiM aura kisI sthAna vizeSa ke vAcaka haiN| ina kanar3I bhASA ke zabdoM se 'baTTaka- irA girA' rUpa se jo artha nikAlA gayA hai vaha ucita pratIta nahIM hotA, vaha tabhI saMbhava thA, jaba ve zabda prAkRta yA saMskRta ke hote | paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne 'vaTTakeri yA veTTakeri' nAma ke grAma kA ullekha kiyA hai / veTTa keri zabda kanar3I bhASA kA hai aura jisakA prayoga sthAna vizeSa ke liye huA hai / isI kAraNa DA0 e. ena. upAdhye ukta prartha se sahamata nahIM haiM / aratAla jilA dhAravAr3a (maisUra) ke zaka saM. 1045 san 1123 I0 ke kannar3a zilAlekha meM jo cAlukya samrAT tribhuvanamalla ke samaya kA hai usa samaya vanavAsI tathA pAtaMgula pradezoM para kadambakulakA mahAmaNDalezvara tailapadeva zAsana kara rahA thA / mUla saMgha kArapUrA ke kanakacandra ke ziSya bammi seTTi ne kontala vibhAga ke pramukha nagara 'dayiNa' meM eka mandira banavAyA / bamiseTTi vaTTakera yA veTTakeri kA nivAsI thA / yaha gAMva san 1 123 I0 meM maujUda thA / kanar3I meM veTTa kA artha choTA parvata aura kere zabda kA mathaM tAlAba hai / maura keri kA artha galI yA muhallA hotA hai / isakA prayoga prAyaH muhalle ke artha meM kiyA jAtA hai /

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2-66 dakSiNa deza me vaTTakera yA veTTakeri nAma ke gAMva rahe kI kucha gAthAeM upalabdha hotI hai / vaha kevala isa haiM, saMbhava hai vartamAna meM bhI hoN| bAta kI dyotaka haiM ki vaTTakera kundakundAcArya ke jAna par3atA hai ukta prAcArya kA mUla nAma kucha bAda hue haiN| ataH vaTTakera ne unake granthoM se jo aura hI rahA hogA / ve vaTTakera yA veTTakeri gAMva ke kucha liyA hai| kathana yA sandarbha ko puSTa karane ke nivAsI the, isIliye unakI prasiddhi gaMva ke nAma liye anya prAcAyoM ke granthoM kI gAthAoM kI taraha para vaTTakera ho gii| jisa taraha prAcArya padUmanandi ve gAthAeM bhI uddhata kI haiN| itane mAtra se kI prasiddhi 'kauNDakuNDa' sthAna ke kAraNa koNDakunda kundaku dApAyaM mUlAcAra ke kartA nahIM kahe jA sakate yA kundakunda nAma se huI, usI taraha mUlAcAra ke kundakundAcArya kI adhyAtma pradhAna kathanI kA mUlAkartA vaTTakera nAma se prasiddhi hone ke kAraNa ve cAra ke samayasAra nAmaka adhikAra para koI prabhAva vaTTakera nAma se pukAre jAne lge| lagatA hai usa lakSita nahIM hotA / usakI saraNI bhinna hI hai|, samaya loga unake mUla nAma ko bhUla cuke hoNge| isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki mUlAcAra eka ataeva ve vaTTakera nAma se pahacAne jAne lage di0 prAcIna AdhAra grantha hai, jisakA racanA kAla jaina zramaNa vaise hI nAmAdika ' kI khyAti se dUra saMbhavataH vikrama kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI hai, kyoMki rahate the ! cUki ve nispRhI hote haiM / ataH unheM mUlAcAra kA ullekha pAMcavI zatAbdI ke prAcArya nAma prasAra kI cintA nahIM hotI / / mUla nAma ke yativRSabha ne apanI tiloyapaNNattI kI 8-532 vismRta ho jAne se unakI guru paramparA jJAta nahIM naMbara kI 'mUlAyA, iriyA' gAthA mUlAcAra kA ho sktii| ataeva grAma ke nAma se hI janasA u he spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| isase usakI prAcInatA pahicAnatI hogii| isIliye vasunandI prAcArya ne meM koI sandeha nahIM rhtaa| itanA hI nahIM kintu bhI unakA nAma caTTakera sUcita kiyA hai / . . . vikrama kI nauvIM zatAbdI usakI prAcArAMga rUpa se prAcArya vaTTakera mUla nigrantha paramparA ke prasiddhi rahI hai| dhavalA TIkA ke kartA prAcArya mahAna vidvAna the / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya aura vIrasena ne 'taha mAyAraMge vivuttaM' vAkya ke sAtha usake bAda jaina zramaNa nigraMtha nAma se hI pahacAne jA gAthA uddhRta kI hai vaha vatamAna mUlAcAra meM jAte the| yahI nigrantha zramaNa paramparA bAda ko upalabdha hotI hai| isasa spaSTa hai ki vikrama kI mUlasaMgha meM pariNata ho gaI / isI se vaTTakera mUla 5vIM zatAbdI me usa kI prAcArAMga rUpa se prasiddhi paramparA ke prAcArya mAne jAte haiM / saMbhavataH tIsarI rahA hai| aura 12vIM 13vIM zatAbdI meM racita cauthI zatAbdI me yaha paramparA loka meM prasiddha ho granthoM meM to usakA anukaraNa spaSTa hA hai| gaI thI, kyoMki usa samaya ke lekhoM meM mUlasagha kA aba rahI Avazyaka niyukti mora piNDaniyukti nAma upalabdha hotA hai|. ko bAta, so yaha sunizcita hai ki vatamAna 'mUlAcAra kA gaMbhIra adhyayana karane aura niyuktiyoM kA nirmANa vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI kundakundAcArya ke granthoM se tulanA karane se bhI meM huA hai / unake kartA dvitIya bhadrabAhu haiM, jo bhUla ca ra kundakundAcArya kI kRti mAlUma nahIM hotI. varAhamihara ke bhAI the / isase spaSTa hai ki mUlAaura namUnApAra ko kathana zailI hI kundakundAcArya cAra una niyuktiyoM se pUrva ko racanA hai| pratA kI kathana 'zailI se mela khAtI hai| vicAraNA bhI. unasa AdAna-pradAna ko bAta ThIka nahIM hai| dUsare una jaisI mahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM kundakundAcArya * bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mUlanirgrantha paramparA jaba do vo mUlAcAra : kAkartA nahIM ThaharAyA jA sktaa| bhAgoM meM vibhakta huI, usa samaya samAgata sAhitya yaha sahI hai ki mUlAcAra meM kundakundAcArya ke granthoM donoM paramparA ke sAdhuSoM ko kaMThastha thA / prataH ,

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1-61 donoM ne usakA upayoga apanI-apanI racanAoM meM ise kundakundAcArya kI kRti nahIM mAnate / vAstava kiyA ho, aisI sthiti meM AdAna-pradAna kI bAta meM vaha kundakundAcArya kI kRti hai bhI nahIM : vaha samucita nahIM jAna pdd'tii| unakI paramparA ke prAcArya vaTTakera kI kRti hai| itihAsa se prakaTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA mUlacAra meM 12 adhikAra haiM aura 1203 ke lagabhaga gAthAeM hai| jinameM adhikArAnusAra viSaya 'riNaggaMDha NAtaputta' rUpa se ullekha milatA hai / kA spaSTa vivecana kiyA gayA hai / yaha mUla nigrantha azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM "riNagaMgDha' zabda kA prayoga paramparA kA sabase prAcIna grantha hai| saMbhavataH isa jaina sAdhuSoM ke liye huprA hai / ataeva jaina saMgha kI racanA pAcArAMga sUtra kA sAra lekara kI gaI usa samaya nirgantha nAma se khyAta thaa| aura yahI 12veM paryApti adhikAra ke sambandha meM kucha vidvAnoM nigrantha saMgha vAda ko mUlasaMgha nAma se prasiddha huA kA vicAra hai ki isa adhikAra kI vahAM jarUrata nahIM thii| unheM yaha jAna lenA cAhiye ki prAcArya dhAravAr3a jile se prApta kadamba vaMzI rAjA mahodaya ne zramaNoM ko jIvasthAna kI utpatti, bhedazivamageza varmA ke zilAlekha (78) meM zvetAmbara prabheda aura karma bandhAdi kA kA bodha karAne ke liye mahAzramaNa saMgha aura nigraMtha mahAzramaNa saMgha kA usakI racanA kI hai jisase ve jIva hiMsA se apane jUdA judA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai / IsA kI caturtha ko saMrakSita rakha sakeM, aura ahiMsaka vRtti kA dhyAna paMcama zatAbdI meM digambara paramparA ko 'mUla' nAma rakhate hue apatI pravRtti ko nirdoSa banA skeN| isa prApta ho gayA thaa| gaMgavaMzI nareza avinIta ke sambandha meM prAcArya vasunandI kI utthAnikA mahatva zilAlekha meM mUlasaMgha kA spaSTa ullekha pAyA pUrNa hai| vizeSa ke liye anekAnta varSa 12 kiraNa jAtA hai| . 11 pRSTha 355 para prakAzita lekhaka kI racanA dekheN| ___ mUlAcAra mUlasaMgha kA prAcIna AcAra graMtha hai| prAcArya vaTTakera mUlasaMgha kI paramparA ke vidvAna isameM kisI ko vivAda nahIM ho sakatA / isakI haiN| unakI yaha eka mAtra kRti mUlAcAra hai jo racanA zailI aura viSaya kA vivecana kundakundAcArya zramaNoM ke mUla prAcAra kA nirUpaka hai| cUMki kI zailI se bhinna hai| mUlAcAra kA gaharAI se racanA kA 5vIM zatAbdI meM ullekha hai / ataH vaha adhyayana karane para usakA spaSTa prAbhAsa mila jAtA usase pUrva kI racanA hai| saMbhavataH vaTTakera yA veTTa hai| sva. paM0 nAthUrAma jI me mI, DA0 e0ena0 keri kA samaya vikrama kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI upAdhye aura paM0 kailAza candra jI siddhAnta zAstrI, honA caahiye| 1. "iti zrImadAcArya vaTTakeri praNIta mUlAcAra zrI vasunandI praNIta TIkA sahite dvAda sho'dhikaarH|" vaTTakerAcAryaH prathama taraM tAvanmUla guNadhikArapratipAdanArthaM maMgalapUrvikAM pratijJAM vidhatta / " (mUlAcAra vRtti utthAnikA) 2. 'puliseTTi baliya veTTakeriya lalitaSNa. mogoM ? vAsi seTTi baliyata soti seTTibhAge ?" (jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pR0 549) 3. 'bommaseTTi veTTakereya iTTayaMda'-yaha mUla lekha bambaI prahAtA ke pRSTha 241 para mudrita hai / jaina lekha saMgraha bhA0 4 pR. 148 / 4. iMDiyana eNTIkverIjilda 7 pR0 37-38 5. jaina lekha saMgraha bhAga 2 lekha naM0 70-74 pR0 55-60

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kaise bhUla sakegA tumako ? - zrI zarmanalAla 'sarasa' sakarAra (jhAMsI) kaise bhUla sakegA tumako mahAvIra yaha deza hamArA jaba taka nabha meM sUrya caMdra haiM, RNI rahegA loka tumhArA, akhila vizva ke bhUmaMDala ko, jaba thA gahana timira ne gherA, usa kSaraNa tumane naI dizA dI, naI kiraNa dI, nayA saverA, bhava sAgara se tara jAne kI, thA - jIvana jalayAna tumhArA, kaise bhUla sakegA tumako, mahAvIra - yaha deza hamArA, jAti pAti ke bheda bhAva ko tumane parama pyAra se pATA, durmati ke durgama durgoM ko, saMyama kI chainI se chAMTA, gAya siMha ne eka sAtha, pAnI pIkara bolA jayakArA, kaise bhUla sakegA tumako, mahAvIra yaha deza hamArA, dena tumhArI thI, usa yuga meM, nArI ne nava jIvana pAyA, nirbhaya ho nArI kA jIvana, tumane vaMdanIya batalAyA, bhuke 'sarasa' sura nara pazu pati taka thA - aisA upadeza tumhArA, kaise bhUla sakegA tumako, mahAvIra yaha deza hamArA,

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brahma jayasAgara kA sItAharaNa brahma jayasAgara ke sItAharaNa kI eka prati paravAra jaina mandira nAgapura se upalabdha huI hai| isa pANDulipi ke kula panne 124 haiM aura pratyeka panne ke pRSTha meM lagabhaga 13 paMktiyAM haiM pratyeka paMkti meM lagabhaga 25 akSara haiN| jahAM kahIM zIrSaka likhane meM lAla syAhI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / yaha pANDulipi saMvat 1835 meM phAlguna sudI 8 budhavAra ko paM0 gaMgAdhara dvArA kI gii| pratilipikAra ne yadyapi yathAzakti use zuddha rakhane kA prayatna kiyA hai aura phalasvarUpa mArjina meM azuddha zabdoM ko zuddha rUpa meM likha diyA gayA hai, phira bhI pratilipi ke dekhane se pratilipikAra kI aneka bhASAgata galtiyAM spaSTa dRSTigocara hotI hai| ina sabake bAvajUda brahma jayasAgara kA yaha sItAharaNa bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se atyanta upayogI dikhAI detA hai| brahma jayasAgara bhaTTAraka mahIcandra ke ziSya the| unhoMne na to grantha ke prArambha bhAga meM aura na usake anta bhAga meM hI apanI guru paramparA ke viSaya meM sUcita kiyA hai| apane guru mahIcandra ke atirikta rAmacanda kA hI ullekha kiyA hai| ye rAmacanda unake jyeSTha gurubhAI honI cAhie kyoMki unhoMne "namaM rAmacandra gheranAra" likhakara unake prati mAdara vyakta kiyA hai| jahAM taka merI jAnakArI meM hai brahma jayasAgara ke viSaya meM abhI taka paryApta sAmagrI upalabdha nhiiN| unakA kAla lagabhaga 17 vIM zatI kA pUrvApaM nizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai| unake caturviMzatti jinastavana, jinakuzala sUri copaI mAdi aneka aba milate haiN| rAjasthAna ke jaina bhaMgaroM meM inakI pratimA bhI upalabdha haiN| para unake prastuta 'pItAharaNaM' zrImatI puSpalatA jaina, ema0e0 gAMdhI cauka, sadara, nAgapura

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2-70 grantha kI prabhI yahI eka prati upalabdha huI hai jise kavi ne svayaM AkhyAna kahA hai / yaha grantha abhI taka aprakAzita hai / grantha kA prArambhika bhAga isa prakAra hai "sakala jinezvara pada namU sAradA samarU mAya / garaNadhara guru gautama namU je tribhovana bandita pAya ||1| mahIcandra guru pada namu, gheranAra / rAmacandra sitAharaNa jahaM sAMbhala jo nara nAra ||2|| sitA sabhI ko sati nahi, rAma samo punnyvNt| kathA kahUM haM tehantaNI, sAMbhalaje kari saMta // 3 // rAmanAma japatA thakA, bhava bhaya pAtika jAe / hAmaraNo, mugatigAmI so lAgu tehane sAradA sudha budha kara jor3i kaheM kahU~, pAya |4| Apane, mAta / sarasa vacana hu mAgasu, jema kathA hoe vikhAta ||5|| vikhyAta kathA zrIrAma nihati, pramukhene ke sakahe kavi | sitAharaNa saMkSepe kahUM, sA~bhalajo sajjana tAyo sahU~ ||6|| fro yaha AkhyAnakAvya chaha adhikAroM meM vibhakta "hai / prathama adhikAra meM anya jaina granthoM jaisI paramparA kA nirvAha kiyA gayA hai / vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki madhyameru kI dakSiNa dizA meM bharata kSetra haiN| usake prArya khaMDa meM magadha janapada hai vahA~ 'rAjA zreNika apanI mahiSI celanA ke sAtha rAjya karate haiM / eka dina vipulAcala parvata kA vana ekAeka "puSpa mA, mAlI ne isakI sUcanA dI aura batAyA ki mahAvIra bhagavAna kA samozaraNa AyA hai | zreNika saparivAra unake darzanArtha gaye isa prasaMga meM kavi ne yahAM samavazaraNa kA sundara kAvyAtmaka varNana kiyA hai| bhagavAna kI stuti kara rAmacandrajI ke viSaya meM puuchaa| isake bAda dharma kA sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai / dvitIya adhikAra meM ratnapura nagara kA varNana, vidyAdharoM aura meghavAhana kA yuddha, yuddha kA kAraNa Adi ke viSaya meM btaayaa| bharata kSetra meM saka nagara meM bhAvana nAma kA zreSThi va haridAsa nAmaka usakA putra hai / ratnadvIpa zrAdi meM zreSThi ne vyApAra Adi ke mAdhyama se bahuta dhanopArjana kiyA, atyAcAra anAcAra kiye, saMsAra bhramaNa karate hue daivayoga se vaha manuSya huA / tapa kiyA / svarga gayA va vidyAdhara huA / ratnapura ke rAjA sahasralocana se usakA yuddha pUrvabhava ke baira kAraNa huA aura phalasvarUpa meghavAhana nAmaka putra kI mRtyu huii| yahAM viSaya kI kucha vizRMkhalatA vyakta hotI hai| meghavAhana ko laMkA kA rAjA usakI mRtyu ke bAda banAyA hai / kIrtighavala nAmaka vidyAdhara ke pAsa zrIkaMTha rAjA gayA va svayaMvara kA vicAra kiyA / yahIM dazaratha ko svayaMvara sammilita hone ke lie AmaMtrita kiyA gayA viSaya kI vizRMkhalatA yahAM punaH bhA jAtI hai ! sagara rAjA, nArada parvata ziSyoM kI kathA, yasa rAjA kA zrakhyAna jaisI paramparAgata kathAeM jora dI gaI haiN| isa adhyAya kA nAma pAMcacaraNa diyA gayA hai / tRtIya adhyAya meM svayaMvara meM rAmacandra vijaya, pratinidhiyoM se yuddha, nAgarika abhinandana vasaMta varNana, hiMDola bhramaraNaM, praNaya kopa bharatamAtA dvArA varayAcana, bharata ko rAjya pradAna, vana gamana nArada prakaraNa Adi kA varNana hai| yahAM pu anAvazyaka kathA de dI gaI haiM / dezabhUSa kulabhUSaNa muni ke darzana, unase vArtAlApa, muniyo para bali kA upasarga, pAMca sau muniyoM kA ghAnI

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meM pelA jAnA va jaTAyU pakSI dvArA jAtismaraNa va pratibodha diyA jAnA isa zradhyAya ke mukhya viSaya haiN| caturtha adhikAra meM rAmacanda vilApa, sUrpaNakhA mAkhyAna, khara-dUSaraNa yuddha, zambhu kumAra kA maraNa, rAvaNa dvArA sItAharaNa, laMkA gamana, mandodarI dvArA rAvaNa kI nindA, rAvaNa dvArA vidyA siddhi, hanumAna dvArA laMkAdahana Adi kA varNana hai / paMcama adhikAra meM vibhISaNa milana va yuddha vana hai / SaSThama adhikAra meM puna yuddha varNana, lakSmaNa dvArA rAvaNa kI mRtyu dikhAI gaI hai / yahAM para bhI batAyA gayA hai ki vibhISaraNa ne rAvaraNa kI mRtyu ke duHkha se churI se udara vidIrNa kara prAtmaghAta kara liyaa| isake bAda sItA milana, ayodhyAgamana, sukhabhoga, sItA kA garbhavatI honA, vana meM usakA chor3A jAnA, vajrajaMga vidyAdhara dvArA bahina mAnakara sItA vA saMrakSaNa kiyA jAnA, lava-kuza kI utpatti honA, nArada dvArA lava-kuza ko rAmacandra kI nRzaMsatA kA varNana karanA, lakSmaNa Adi se donoM kA sAMketa meM yuddha vanta meM pitA-putra ke bIca yuddha ke mAdhyama se unakA paraspara paricaya honA zrAdi sUcita kiyA gayA hai / anta meM "itibhaTTAraka mahIcandrAnucara brahmazrI jayasAgara viracane sitAharaNAkhyAne rAmalakSmaNa mukti gamana nAma SaSTho adhikAra, likhakara grantha ko samApta kara diyA gayA hai / 2-71 grantha kI isa kathA ko dekhane se yaha spaSTa hai ki kavi ne vimala sUri kI paramparA kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| kAvya ko zAyada manoraMjaka banAne kI dRSTi se idhara-udhara ke choTe prAkhyAnoM ko bhI sammilita kara diyA hai / DhAla, dohA, troTaka, caupAI Adi chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / hara adhikAra meM chandoM kI vividhatA hai / kAvyAtmaka dRSTi se isameM lagabhaga sabhI rasoM kA prAcurya hai / vavi kI kAvya kuzalatA zrRMgAra, vIra, zAMta, adbhuta, karuNa Adi rasoM ke mAdhyama se abhivyakta huI hai| bIca-bIca meM kavi ne aneka pracalita saMskRta zlokoM ko bhI uddhRta kiyA hai / bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se isa grantha kA adhika mahatva hai / phokara' jaise zabdoM kA prayoga AkarSaka hai / bhASA meM jahAM rAjasthAnI, marAThI, aura gujarAtI kA prabhAva hai vahI bundelakhaMDI bolI se bhI kavi prabhAvita jAna par3atA hai / marAThI aura gujarAtI kI vibhaktiyoM kA to kavi ne atyanta prayoga kiyA hai / aisA lagatA hai ki brahma jayasAgara ne yaha kRti aise sthAna para likhI hai jahAM para unheM cAroM bhASAoM se mizrita bhASA kA rUpa milA ho / bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se isakA prakAzana upayogI jAna par3atA hai / bhASA vijJAna ke atirikta mUlakathA ke poSaNa ke lie prayukta vibhinna zrAkhyAnoM kA zrAlekhana bhI isakI eka anyatama vizeSatA hai /

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dIpa kI dIpita katAre racanA:- pramacanda 'divAkara" bI. kaoNma., zAstrI, dharmAlaMkAra, adhyApaka, zrI gaNeza digambara jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara, (ma.pra.) jJAna tanmaya dIpa kI dIpita katAreM kaha uThI, tala-tama-vinAzaka vIra kI le prAratI ura se utaareN| ghora hiMsA svArtha zoSaNa dharma saMkaTa karma kA, anyAya aru ajJAna rUpaka aMdha ne adhikAra pAyA / kaha rahA hai dIpamAle ! tuma svayaM nijasama banAleM, ativIra ke upadeza se sva-karma-kAlikha ko nikhaareN| tala-tama"" // 1 // atizayi bali kevali siddhArtha-nandana ho prabhu, zalya zaihI saptahastI, kuNDajanmI gauravarNI ho vibhu| pAvApurI nirvANa vasudhA uttarita ho tuma savere, prajvalita ho dIpa dIpoM se jvalita hoM paMca pApa sAre // tala-tama"" // 2 // jIva-jaga ke zAnti se juga krAntivina jIte raheM, saujanya kI zahanAI bAjai baiNDa bajaveM daza guragoM se| kartavya-aru adhikAra ke hama gIta gAveM yAdakara, svatantratA kA nirbAdha-jIvana-jyoti terI hama pukAreM / / tala-tama..." // 3 // caubIsaveM ho tIrthaMkara, divyadhvani thI khira uThI, taba vizva ke the tatva jAne, tama hane jana-jana sabhI / vina lipi vina akSaroM kI, thI sanmatika oMkAra vANI, apanI bhASA meM samajha saba loka jIvana ko samhAre / / tala-tama" // 4 // he dIpa kI nekoM katAro ! namana ho aAbhAra terA, tama miTe puruSArtha se saubhAgya bhI hotA cahetA / ahiMsA-pujArI deza-bhArata-bhAla unnata nita rahegA, "prema" se mila jaina dhvaja le vora utsava hama manAyeM / / tala-tama" // 5 //

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punIta Agama sAhitya kA nItizAstrIya sihAvalokana vizva ke dhArmika sAhitya ko jaina sAhitya evaM darzana kA mahatva nirvivAda hai| jaina dharmAvalambiyoM meM jitanA UMcA sthAna prAgamoM kA hai, utanA sambhavataH anya prayoM kA nhiiN| ina punIta pAgamoM kA nirmANa to svayaM bhagavAna mahaMta ne kiyA thA kintu bAda ko unheM sUtra rUpoM meM, madha mAgadhI bhASA meM nibaddha, unake gaNadharoM ne kiyaa| kAraNa yaha thA ki dubhikSoM, evaM viplavoM prAdi prApattiyoM ke kAraNa prAgama pAhitya vikhaMDita hotA rahA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga 980 yA 913 varSa pazcAt (I. saM. 453-466) ke valabhI sammelana meM Agama lipibaddha kiye gye| ataH nizcita hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kI bhASA ardha mAgadhI meM usa samaya taka paryApta antara avazya pA gayA hogaa| jo ho ye sUtra divya jJAna ke mahAn srota hai| zrI bhagavatzaraNa upAdhyAya ke vizva sAhitya kI rUpa rekhA pR. 560 ke anusAra to 'ina granthoM kI sImA meM sArA mAnava-jJAna jaise simaTa kara pA gayA hai|' inakA sampAdana, ballabhI pariSada ke dvArA 46 granthoM meM huA hai| inameM 1. pAyAraMga, sUyagaDaMga ityAdi 12 aMga; 2. prAvavAiya, rAyasapeNaiya ityAdi 12 upAMga; 3. ca usaraNa, pAurapaccakaravANa ityAdi 10 painnA; 4. nisIha, mahAnisIha ityAdi 6 cheyasutta; aura 5. uttarajjhayaNa, dasaveyAliya ityAdi 4 mUlasutta hai| DA. bAlakRSNa 'akiMcana' ema0e0,pI-eca0DI0, bI-87, kAlakAjI, naI dillI-19

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2-74 jaina zAstroM ke anusAra raMgoM aura mUla sUttoM meM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa hai prAya raMga / prAcInatama jaina sUtra bhI yahI hai / isa sUtra kI mahimA sampUrNa jaina sAhitya meM eka svara meM gAyI gaI hai / bhAva nidarzana ke lie eka uddharaNa prastuta hai -- 'natthi kAlassa gAgamo | savve paarnn| piyAuyA, suhasAyA, dukkha paDikUlA, appiyavahA, piyajIviraNo jIviukAmA / savvesi jIviyaM priyaM / / saba arthAt - 'mRtyu kA AnA nizcita hai / prANiyoM ko apanA jIvana-priya hai, sabhI sukha cAhate haiM, dukha koI nahIM cAhatA, maraNa sabhI ko apriya hai / sabhI jInA cAhate haiM / pratyeka prANI jIvana kI icchA rakhatA hai, saba ko jIvita rahanA acchA lagatA hai / ' yaha eka zAzvata tathya hai / isa prakAra ke zAzvata, sArvadezika evaM sArvakAlika tathyoM kI dRSTi se jaina sAhitya meM mUla sUtroM kI vahI mahAtmya hai jo bauddha sAhitya meM dhammapada kA / isake uttarajbhayaraNa ( uttarAdhyayana) ke prathama adhyAya meM 'vinaya' kA varNana isa prakAra hai mA galiyasseva kasaM vayamicche puNo puraNo / kasaM va daTTumA inne, pAvagaM parivajjae || arthAt mariyala ghor3e ko bAra-bAra kor3e lagAne kI jarUrata hotI hai, vaise mumukSu ko bAra-bAra guru ke upadeza kI apekSA na karanI cAhie / jaise zracchI nasla kA ghor3A cAbuka dekhate hI ThIka rAste para calane lagatA hai, usI prakAra guru ke prAzaya ko samajha kara mumukSu ko pApa karma tyAga denA caahie| yaha kathana mumukSu ke lie hote hue bhI sarvajanopayogI hai / yahIM para tIsare adhyayana meM prapramAda kI zikSA dete hue kahA gayA hai ki TUTA huA jIvana-tantu phira se nahIM jur3a sakatA, isalie he gautama / tU kSaNa bhara bhI pramoda na kara / jarA se grasta puruSa ko koI zaraNa nahIM hai, phira pramAdIhiMsaka aura prayatnazIla jIva kisa kI zaraNa jAyege / bAIsaveM adhyayana meM satI kA apane Upara zrAsakta zramaraNa rathanemi ko phaTakAranA kitanA kalyANakArI tathA prabhAvotpAdaka hai - 'he rathanemi yadi tU rUpa se vaizramaNa, ceSTA se nalakUbara athavA sAbAta indra hI kyoM na bana jAya, to bhI maiM tujhe t caahuuNgii| he yaza ke abhilASI ! tU jIvana ke lie vamana kI huI vastu kA punaH sevana karanA cAhatA hai / isase to mara jAnA zreyaskara hai / jisa kisI bhI nArI ko dekhakara yadi tU usa ke prati prAsakti bhAva pradarzita karegA to vAyu ke jhoMke se idhara-udhara Dolane vAle tRraNa kI bhA~ti terA cita kahIM bhI sthira na rahegA / " isI prakAra paccIsaveM adhyayana meM brAhmaNa tapasvI prAdi ke lakSaNa tathA karma mahimA isa prakAra gAyI gayI hai-- isa loka meM jo zragni kI taraha pUjya hai, use kuzala puruSa brAhmaNa kahate haiN| sira muMDA lene se zramaNa nahIM hotA, oMkAra kA jApa karane se brAhmaNa nahIM hotA / jaMgala meM rahane se muni nahIM hotA maura kuza cIvara dhAraNa karane se koI tapasvI nahIM kahA jAtA / samatA se zramaraNa, brahmacarya se brAhmaNa, jJAna se muni aura tapa se tapasvI hotA hai / karma se brAhmaNa, karma se kSatriya, dharma se vaizya bhora karma se hI manuSya zUdra kahA jAtA hai|" spaSTa hai ki bhAgama sAhitya naitika kathanoM kA prapUrva bhaMDAra hai / ye kathana dikkAlAtIta, sArvadezika evaM sArvabhaumika satya hai / jaina dharma kI prakSaya nivi hote hue bhI ye mAnava mAtra kI niSi haiM / ina kI mahimA kA adhika mAkhyAna na karate hue kucha bahumUlya kathana uddhRta karanA adhika upayogI hogA - 1. " ( mahApuruSa vaha hai) jo lAbhAlAbha meM sukhadukha meM, jIvana-maraNa meM, nindA aura prazaMsA meM tathA mAna-apamAna meM samabhAvI ho / " 2. "svArthaM rahita dene vAlA durlabha hai, svArtha rahita jIvana nirvAha karane vAlA bhI

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2-75 durlabha hai / svArtha rahita dene vAlA pora evaM su nANI caraNeNa hINo, svArtha rahita hokara jIne vAlA donoM hI nANassa bhAgI na hu soggaIsa / / svarga ko jAte haiN|" hayaM nANaM kiyAhINaM, 3. "jaise viDAla ke rahane ke sthAna ke pAsa hayA annaNo kiyA / cUhoM kA rahanA prazasta nahIM haiM, usI prakAra pAsaMto paMgulo chaDDho, striyoM ke nivAsa sthAna ke bIca meM brahma dhAvamAraNo ma andhapro / cAriyoM rahanA kSamya nahIM hai|" saMjogasiddhIi phalaM vayaMti, 4. "lohe ke kAMToM se, muhUrta mAtra dukha hotA na hu egacakkeNa raho payAi / hai, ve bhI (zarIra se) sugamatApUrvaka nikAle adhoM ya paMgU pa vaNe samiccA, jA sakate haiM, parantu ve kaTuvacana kaThinAI te saMpauttA nagara pvitttthii|| se nikalate haiM jo vara bar3hAne aura mahAbhaya ---prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, utpanna karane ke lie bole jAya / pR. 205 para uddha ta / 5. "krodha prIti ko naSTa karatA hai, mAna arthAta jaise candana kA bhAra Dhone vAlA gadhA vinaya kA nAza karatA hai, kapaTa mitroM kA bhAra kA hI bhAgI hotA hai, candana kA nahIM, usI nAza karatA hai aura lobha saba kucha vinaSTa prakAra caritra se hIna jJAnI kevala jJAna kA hI kara detA hai|" bhAgI hotA hai sadgati kA nahIM / kriyA rahita 6. "dharma se virata jo koI jagat meM vicarate jJAna aura ajJAnI kI kriyA naSTa huI samajhanI hai, unheM sabake sAtha vaho bartAva karanA cAhie / (jaMgala meM Aga laga jAne para) cupacApa cAhie jo ve (dusaroM se apane prati) khar3A hA pagu aura bhAgatA humA andhA donoM hI karAnA cAhate haiN|' mAga meM jala marate haiM / donoM ke saMyoga se siddhi mAgama-vATikA isa prakAra ke zatazaH kathana- hotI hai / eka pahiye se raya nahIM cala sakatA / prasUnoM kI divya gaMdha se satat suvAsita hai| nizIyabhASya ke kAmAsakti sambandhI do kathana prAvazyakatA unake pracAra evaM prasAra ke sAtha jIvana dekhi meM utArane kI hai| "kAnI mAMkha se dekhanA, romAMcita ho jAnA, prAgamoM ke vyAkhyA sAhitya meM nIti : zarIra meM kaMpa honA, pasInA chUTane laganA, muha para AgamoM ke saMkalana ke pazcAt dUsarI se lekara lAlI dikhAI par3anA, bAra-bAra nizvAsa aura solahavIM zatAbdI taka mAgama-sAhitya ke samajhane jaMbhAI lenA" ye strI meM prAsakta puruSa ke lakSaNa haiN| samajhAne ke lie niyukti, bhASya, TIkA, cUNi kAmAsakta striyoM kI pahacAna bhI dekhie-sakaTAkSa ityAdi TIkA-sAhitya kI vipula saSTi huii| isameM nayanoM se dekhanA, bAloM ko saMvAranA. kAna va nAka bhI prasaMgavaza hameM kahIM-kahIM padyamaya nIti kathana ko khujalAnA, guhya aMga ko dikhAnA, gharSaNa aura prApta ho jAte haiM / udAharaNArtha mANikyazekhara bhAliMgana tathA apane priya ke samakSa apane duzcaritroM kI apanI dIpikA meM kA bakhAna karanA, usake hIna guNoM kI prazaMsA kucha sundara rIti vacana kahe hai : karanA, paira ke aMgUThe se jamIna khodanA aura jahA kharo caMdaNa bhAravAhI, khakhAranA'-ye puruSa ke prati mAsakta strI ke lakSaNa bhArasya bhAgI nahu caMdaNassa / samajhane caahie| A sArane

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2-76 prAgamottara jaina-dharma sAhitya meM nIti (5vIM te kaha na vaMdariNajjA, je te dadaThUNa paraka zatAbdI se 10 vIM zatAbdI taka) : iTThAsa jassa bhajjA piyayama / ki tassa rajjeNa / prAgama yugIna jaina granthoM meM bhI kahIM-kahIM arthAt aise loga kyoM vandanIya na hoM jo strI ko vyAvahArika nIti upalabdha hotI hai / isa dRSTi se dekhakara varSA se pAhata vRSabhoM kI bhAMti nIce ratnazekhara sUri ke 'vyavahAra zuddhi prakAza' bahuta jamIna kI mora muMha kie cupacApa cale jAte haiN| uttama hai| yahAM AjIvikA upAya ke sAtha putra, prazna zailI meM pRthvI ko svarga banAne vAle cAra RNa, paradeza prAdi jIvana ke vyavahArika pakSa para padArthoM kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai :sundara vicAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai / usa yuga meM ucchUgAme vAso seyaM sagorasA siilii| racita prAkRta bhASA kA kathA-sAhitya bhI atyanta iTThAya jassa bhajjA piyayama / kiM tassa rajjeNa / / samRddha hai / yadyapi isa vAGgamaya kA adhikAMza dharma he priyatama ! Ikha vAle gAMva meM vAsa, sapheda pracAra ke lie gar3hA hai kintu unameM vyavahAra nIti vastroM kA dhAraNa, gorasa aura zAli kA bhakSaNa kA paMza bhI pracura mAtrA meM samAhita hai / nIti-zikSA tathA iSTa bhAryA jisake nikaTa ho use rAjya se prAyaH chandobaddha hai isameM upamA, rUpaka, dRSTAMta prAdi kyA matalaba ? yahAM aneka gAthAoM meM strI-puruSoM alaMkAroM kA pracura prayoga kiyA gayA hai| devabhadra ke svabhAvAdi ke sambandha meM sundara kathana hai| eka sUri ke prasiddha grantha kahArayaNa kosa (kathAratnakoza) gAthA kA vyaMgyArtha kitanA satya evaM vyavahAra siddha meM dhana kI mahimA isa prakAra gAyI gaI hai :parigalai maI mailijjaI jaso nA'daraMti synnaavi| dhannA tA mahilAmo jANaM purise su kittimo neho / mAlassaM ca payaTTai vipphueha maNammi raNaraNapo / uccharai aNucarAho pasarai sabbaMgiyo mahAdAho / pAeNa jano purisA mahuyarasarisA sahAveNaM / / kiM kiM va na hoi duhaM atthavihINassa purisassa // arthAt puruSoM se kRtrima sneha karane vAlI striyAM bhI dhanya haiM kyoMki puruSoM kA svabhAva bhI arthAt dhana ke abhAva meM mati bhraSTa ho jAtI to bhauroM jaisA hI hotA hai| zrIyuta haribhadra hai yaza malina ho jAtA hai, svajana bhI mAdara nahIM sUri ke uvaesapada (upadeza pada) kI praznottara karate, Alasya mAne lagatA hai, mana udvigna ho jAtA hai, kAma meM utsAha nahIM rahatA, samasta aMgoM zailI meM do gAthA dekhiemeM mahA dAha utpanna ho jAtA hai| dhanahIna puruSa ko dhammo jIvadayA, kiM sokkhamaroggayA jIvassa / ko kauna-sA dukha nahIM hotA? isa sambandha meM ko soho sadbhAvo, kiM laddhavvaM jaNo gunnggaahii| kumArapAla pramibodha kA eka subhASita isa prakAra ki suhagejjha supaNo, ki duggejjhaM khalo lopA // arthAt dharma kyA hai ? jIva dyaa| sukha kyA hai ? sIhaha kesara saihi, uru saraNAgamo sudR'ssa / prArogya / sneha kyA hai ? sadbhAva / pAMDitya kyA mariNa matyA prAsIvittaha kiM dhippaI prabhuyassa / / hai ? hitAhita kA viveka / viSama kyA hai ? kArya marthAt 'siMha kI jaTAoM, satI strI kI kI gati / prApta kyA karanA cAhie, guNa / sukha jaMghAoM, zaraNa meM Aye hue sumaTa aura AzIviSa se prApta karane yogya kyA hai ? sajjana puruSa / sarpa ke mastaka kI maNi ko kabhI nahIM sparza karanA kaThinatA se prApta karane yogya kyA hai ? durjana cAhie / ' sumatisUri ke 'jinadattAkhyAna' meM parastrI puruSa / yahAM prApta karane kA artha hai ThIka rAste para darzana ke tyAga kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA gayA laanaa| jayasiMha sUri ke 'dharmopadezamAlA' (TIkA) meM do kaTu satya dekhie

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2-77 apAtre ramate nArI, nirovarSati mAdhavaH / hai aura jaba vaha virakta hotI hai to kAle nAga kI nIcamAzrayate lakSmI, prAyeza nirdhanaH / / bhAMti usakA viSa jIvana ke lie ghAtaka hotA hai| prarthAta nArI apAtra meM ramaNa karatI hai, medha eka anya prasiddha kathana lIjieparvata para barasatA hai, lakSmI nIca kA mAzraya letI paTamaM pi prAvayANaM citeyavvo nareNa pddiyaaro| hai aura vidhAna prAyaH nirdhana rahatA hai| na hi gehammi palite avaDaM khariNauM tarai koI / / rajjAveMti na rajjati leMti hiyayAhaM na uNa prati arthAt vipatti ke pAne ke pahale hI usakA chappaNNaya buddhImo juvaImo do visarisAmo // upAya socanA caahie| ghara meM Aga lagane para arthAt striyAM dUsare kA raMjana karatI haiM, lekina kyA koI kupA khoda sakatA hai| yaha bhI dhyAna svayaM raMjita nahIM hotiiN| ve dUsaroM kA hRdaya haraNa dene yogya hai ki 'kunAM khodane' vAlI kahAvata karatI haiM, lekina papanA hRdaya nahIM detiiN| dUsaroM kitanI purAnI hai| maladhArI hemacandra sUri kI kI chappana buddhiyAM unakI do buddhiyoM ke barAbara 'upadezamAlAprakaraNa' 506 mUla gAthAoM kI eka haiM / isa kathana kI anuvRtti paravartI racanAoM meM bhI dUsarI upayogI racanA hai / hai / kSaNa meM daridratA miTAne vAle bhadra-abhadra dhaMdhoM usakA yaha kathana kitanA vicitra haikI eka sacI dene vAlI gAthA isa prakAra hai:khetta ucchUNa sumahasevaNaM, joriNaposaNaM ceva / jAyamAno haredurbhAryAm vardhamAno hareddhanaM / nivaINaM ca pasAmo khaNeNa nihaNaMti daaridd| " priyamANo haret prANAn, nAsti putra samo ripuH / / arthAt putra paidA hote hI bhAryA kA haraNa kara marthAt Ikha kI khetI samudra yAtrA (videza meM / letA hai, baDA hokara dhana kA haraNa karatA hai. marate jAkara dhaMdhA karane) yoni-poSaNa (vezyA vRtti) aura samaya prANoM kA haraNa karatA hai| isalie putra ke rAjya kRpA- isa cAra upAyoM se kSaNa bhara meM samAna aura koI zatru nahIM hai kahane kI bhAvadaridratA naSTa ho jAtI hai| usa bhAdarzavAdI yuga zyakatA nahIM ki yaha kathana aTapaTA hote hue bhI meM bhI yathArtha kI itanI praspaSTa abhivyakti laukika anubhava kI dRSTi se bAvana tole pAva rattI bhI ullekhanIya hai| aise pora bhI bahuta se nIti hai| isa prakAra ke sahasroM nIti paraka upayogI kathana sahaja sulabha hai| strI ke svabhAva kA varNana kathana prAcIna jaina-graMtha-maMjUSAmoM meM surakSita haiN| karate hue kahA hai ina kathanoM kA pracAra aura prasAra dharma kI apekSA mahilA hu rattamatA ucchakhaMDa va sakkarA cev| sAmAjika evaM rASTrIya hita-sAdhana kI dRSTi se harai virattA sA jIviyapi kasiNAhigaralanda / / / kahIM adhika Avazyaka hai| kAza, bhraSTAcAra ke arthAt jaba mahilA mAsakta hotI hai to usameM isa aMdhere yuga meM jainAgamoM ke naitika kathanoM kA ganne ke pore athavA zakkara kI bhAMti miThAsa hotA punIta prakAza phaila pAtA /

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prati -muni bhI 'dinakara' tumane saMtoSa kA sUtra diyA, vaha jIvana kI mUla pUjI hai aura ahiMsA kI bAta mAnoM, mAtRtva kI sataraMjjI hai| aisI aneka bAteM haiM jo apanI-apanI jagaha kAma kI para syAdvAda eka aisA tatva hai, jo saba vastuoM kI kuJjI hai| tumhAre siddhAntoM ko logoM ne svIkAra kiyA aura unake akSara-akSara para pUrA vicAra kiyaa| patA nahIM tumhAre siddhAnta kitane rahasyamaya the ki unakA bhakta aura abhakta sabhI ne satkAra kiyaa| tumane manuSya-manuSya ko prAdhyAmitkatA kA pATha par3hAyA aura mela jola ke lie Age usakA hAtha bar3hAyA / yaha sArA tumhArI vANI kA hI prabhAva thA ki AdamI ne ahiMsA kI pratiSThA ke lie, apanA zIza cddh'aayaa| tumhArI vANI kA hI prabhAva thA ki zera aura bakarI sAtha rahe aura usI kA prabhAva thA ki sAMpa aura nakula bhI sAtha rahe / isa viSama samaya meM utanA to nahIM ho pAtA para kama se kama AdamI-AdamI to hila mila kara sAtha rahe / logoM ne hRdaya se svIkAra kiyA jo bAteM tumane sikhAI thI logoM ne una para amala kiyA jo bAteM tumane batAI thii| hameM to Azcarya hotA hai tumhArA camatkAra dekhakara patA nahIM isa prakAra kI lagana, tumane, logoM meM kaise lagAI thii|

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hiMsA dharma pracAraka : mila saMta tiruvalluvara mAja se DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva kA samaya saMsAra ke itihAsa meM vizeSa mahatva rakhatA hai, jaba na kevala bhAratavarSa meM varan samasta vizva meM aisI aneka vibhUtiyoM ne janma liyA, jinhoMne apanI sAdhanA se adhyAtma ko nayA artha pradAna kiyA, dhArmika jagat meM eka naye vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa kiyA aura aisA jIvana darzana prastuta kiyA, jo Aja bhI mAnava jAti ke lie praraNA aura uddhAra kA patha prazasta karatA hai| IsA pUrva pAMcavIM zatAbdI kA samaya vastutaH svarNakAla hI thA, jisane proTegorasa, sukarAta kanphyUziyasa, mahAvIra aura buddha ko vizva-maMca para eka sAtha upasthita kiyaa| mahAvIra ne bhArata kI tyAgamayI AdhyAtmika paraMparA ko nayA mor3a diyA aura RSabhadeva dvArA pravartita va neminAthapAzvanAtha dvArA saMyojita dharma-sAdhanA ko vyAvahArika jIvana darzana ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyaa| mahAvIra ke sahasroM ziSyoM ne agalI do-tIna zatAbdiyoM meM unake saMdeza ko bhArata ke kone-kone taka phuNcaayaa| bhArata kI prAkRtika aura aitihAsika paristhitiyoM ne bhI isameM parokSataH mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhaayii| maurya zAsana kAla meM uttara bhArata meM 12 varSoM kA bhISaNa akAla par3A / aise samaya meM dharma-saMgha kI rakSA ke lie munivara bhadrabAhu ne apane ziSyoM kA vizAla samudAya lekara dakSiNApatha meM praveza kiyaa| unakA mukhya par3Ava rahA karnATaka / yahAM se phira yaha dharma samUce dakSiNa bhArata meM phailA / kahA jAtA hai ki muni bhadrabAhu ne apane sahayogI vizAkha muni ko tamila-pradeza meM bhejakara jaina dharma ke pracAra kI nIMva ddaalii| jAtivAda kA virodha karane vAlA jaina dharma usa tamilanADu meM zIghra hI vyApta ho gayA jo varNa-vyavasthA ke abhizApa se 0 indararAja veda mAkAzavANI, jayapura Jain education International

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2-80 apane ko pIr3ita anubhava kara rahA thaa| tamilanADa prema sNbNdhii| tirukurala meM kula 133 adhyAya maura kI saMskRti, usakI bhASA, usake sAhitya aura hareka adhyAya meM 10 kurala haiN| 'kurala' tamila usake janajIvana, saba para zramaNatva kI chApa par3a bhASA kA eka viziSTa chaMda hai / dohe kI taraha isameM gaI aura sArA pradeza bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mahiMsA bhI do caraNa hote haiN| pahale caraNa meM cAra pora dharma kI zItala chAyA meM sukha va zAMti kA anubhava dUsare meM tIna pada hote hai / yathA :karane lgaa| ___"agara mudala eLa tallAm mAdi tamilanADU dravir3a saMskRti aura dravir3a bhASA bhagavan mudaTre ulagu / " tamila kA kendra hai| tamila saMskRta kI taraha prati -(arthAt varNamAlA ke 'ma' kI taraha saMsAra prAcIna, sAhityika dRSTi se saMpanna bhASA hai| isakI eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki yaha bhASA lokajIvana se - . meM prathama sthAna una mAdi prabhu kA hai|) kabhI lupta nahIM huii| saMskRta kabhI janabhASA thI, tirukurala nAma tiru aura kurala zabdoM ke yoga kAlAMtara meM vaha paMDitoM kI bhASA banI aura bhAja se banA hai / tisa arthAt zrIsaMpanna, devI, pavitra to usakA kSetra graMthoM aura graMthAgAroM taka sImita ho aura kurala arthAt kurala chaMda / tirukurala ke kaI gayA hai| para tamila bhASA thor3e-bahuta parivartana ke nAma pracalita haiM jaise, muppAl, uttara veda, tamilaveda sAtha prAja bhI usI rUpa meM bolI aura likhI devanUla, prAdi / ina sabameM tirukurala sarvAdhika lokajAtI hai, jisa rUpa meM vaha do-tIna hajAra varSa pahale priya nAma hai| bhAratIya sAhitya ke kucheka graMpa prayukta huA karatI thii| apanI madhuratA aura moja aise haiM, jinakA saMsAra kI kaI bhASAmoM meM anuvAda pUrNa abhivyakti kI sakSamatA ke lie vaha Aja bhI ho cukA hai| aise granthoM meM tirukurala kA bhI sthAna vikhyAta bhASA hai / tolgAppiyama jaise prAcIna hai| deza videza kI bhaneka bhASAmoM meM yaha rUpAMtarita vyAkaraNa grantha, tirukkurala jaise mahAna nIti-grantha kI gaI hai aura kaI bhAratIya va videzI vidvAnoM ne aura zilappadhikAram jaise Adarza mahAkAvya kA isa para TIkAeM likhI haiN| prAyaH eka kAla meM jo praNayana isI bhASA meM hamA hai| jaina saMtoM ne isa likhA jAtA hai, usakI bhAbhA zanaiH zanaiH kSINa bhASA kA bar3A uddhAra kiyA hai| aneka vyAkaraNoM hotI calI jAtI hai| parantu tirukurala jaise katipaya kozoM, nIti granthoM aura mahAkAvyoM para jaina dharma graMtha hI isake apavAda hote hai, jinakI dayuti yugoM kA adbhuta prabhAva dekhane meM mAtA hai / tiruvalluvara taka maMda nahIM pdd'tii| aise hI jaina saMta the aura tirukurala aisI hI jaina tirukurala ke lekhaka tiruvalluvara ke nAma, kRti hai| janmasthAna aura jIvana ke sambandha meM mataikya nahIM mArya janatA ke hRdaya meM jo sthAna vAlmIki, hai| ye mANa bhI kaI nAmoM se jAne jAte haiM jaise kAlidAsa aura talasI ne banAyA hai, vahI sthAna nAyanAra, devara, deva pUlavara. peru nAvalara praadi| tamila janatA ke hRdaya meM saMta tiruvalluvara ne banAyA vallava jAti se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa hI hai| tiruvalluvara dvArA racita tirukurala (tirukkurala) kadAcit ye tiruvalluvara khlaaye| inake janma ke sUktiyoM kA vilakSaNa saMpAdana hai| isameM kavi ne sambandha meM bhI do mata haiN| kucha vidvAn inheM IsA 1330 kuraloM ke mAdhyama se dharma, artha aura kAma pUrva prathama zatAbdI kA batAte haiM to kucha IsA hai| kI samyak vyAkhyA kI hai| tamila bhASI ise bAda kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI kaa| inakA mUlA apanI bhASA kA veda mAnate haiM / tirukurala ke tIna janma sthAna bhI anizcita hai / bahupracalita dhAraNA bhAga haiM dharma saMbaMdhI, artha va rAjanIti saMbaMdhI tathA ke anusAra inakA janma madrAsa nagara ke 'mailApura asi -

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2-81 nAmaka sthAna meM huA batAyA jAtA hai| ye eka RSabhadeva dvArA pratiSThApita va vardhamAna mahAvIra uttama sadgRhastha aura karma se julAhe the| inakA dvArA pracArita jainadharma / saMta tiruvalluvara ke gArhasthya jIvana bahata sukhI va saMtoSapUrNa thA / kate samaya zramaNa dharma kA prabhAva tamila janatA para par3ane haiM, inakI patnI vAsukI sAdhu svabhAva kI satI strI lagA thA / vallubara ne vaidika dharma kA samarthana nahIM thii| svayaM valluvara ne apanI patnI kI patibhakti kiyA, kyoMki unheM yajJoM meM dharma ke nAma para hI kI kaI bAra parIkSA bhI lI thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki jAne vAlI pazu-bali se ghRNA thii| vaidika yajJoM ke tirukurala meM pAtivratya se sambandhita kaI kurala bhI hiMsAtmaka svarUpa kA unhoMne spaSTataH virodha kiyA upalabdha hote haiM tiruvalluvara ke paravartI jaina hai aura ahiMsA varma kI zreSThatA ko pratiSThita kiyA kavi ilaMgovar3igala ne nimnalikhita kurala ko hai| yayA :apane mahAkAvya zilappadhikAram meM bar3I zraddhA ke "mavisorindu mAgiram veTTalin onran sAtha uddhRta kiyA hai : uyirasegutta upraNAmai nan / "daiyavam toLAal koLa nan toLa teLa vAl kollAn pulAla maruttAnaka kakUppi peyaenae peyum maLaM / " ellA uyikam toLa m|" (tiru0 6/5) (tiru0 26/9-10) --(arthAt jo strI kisI devatA kI pUjA -(arthAt hajAra yajJoM kI tulanA meM eka nahIM karatI, para prAtaH uThate hI apane pati ko jIva kI bhI.rakSA kahIM adhika zreyaskara hai| saMsAra pUjatI hai, vaha satI nArI akAla bhI kahegI to usI kI karabaddha pUjA karatA hai jo na jIva hatyA varSA ho jAyegI / ) karatA hai aura na mAMsa bhakSaNa / ) tirukurala mAnavatA kA, ahiMsA dharma ke pracAra saMta tiruvalluvara ne hiMsAsvata kI ekAMgitA kA prAdarza graMtha hai| vizva baMdhutva aura ahiMsA ke kA kabhI samarthana nahIM kiyaa| unakA spaSTa mata AdarzoM ko pratipAdita karane vAlA yaha vareNya pratha thA ki hiMsA na to karanI cAhie, na karavAnI samasta mAnava jAti ke lie varadAna sadRza hai| cAhie aura na hI kisI rUpa meM hiMsA kA samarthana ahiMsA kI bhAvanA mAnavatA kI mUla bhitti hai| hI karanA cAhie / tatkAlIna bauddha bhikSa bhikSA meM sabhI dharmoM ne isakI mahattA aura upAdeyatA ko prApta sAmiSa:pAhAra ko anucita nahIM mAnate the / aMgIkAra kiyA hai| saMta tiruvalluvara ke jIvana para tirukalluvara isa vicitra ahiMsAvAditA kA darzana rUpI vRtta kA kendra bindu ahiMsA hI hai| samarthana nahIM kara pAye / prataH unhoMne jIva hatyA ke unhoMne kahA-'ponrAga nalladu kollAmaiM', arthAt sAtha-sAtha mAMsa-bhakSaNa kA bhI virodha kiyaa| eka hI acchAI hai, hiMsA na karanA / unhoMne ahiMsA unhoMne matasA, bAcA, karmapA mahimA kA samarthana ko zreSTha dharma ghoSita kiyA aura anekoM kuraloM kiyA hai| 'sabvei jIvAni icchaMti jIvina dvArA ahiMsA ke vibhinna pahaluSoM para apanA dRSTi- marijjiuM' (daza. 8/10) yAnI saba prANI jIvana koNa spaSTa kiyA hai / unakI isa ahiMsA ArAdhanA cAhate haiM, maranA koI. nahIM cAhatA, isa satya ko ko dekhakara hI vidvAn loga unheM jaina svIkAra unhoMne svIkArA aura apane jIvana meM utaaraa| karate haiN| ahiMsA ke pariprekSya meM hI unhoMne dayA ko __ bhArata meM ahiMsA ko atyadhika mahatva dene atyadhika mahatva diyaa| unhoMne ghoSita kiyA ki vAlA eka hI dharma rahA hai aura vaha hai bhagavAn jisa prakAra yaha loka dhanavAnoM kA hai, usI prakAra

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2-82 vaha loka dayAvAnoM kA hai / jisa vyakti ke jIvana meM dayA nahIM hai, jisake vicAra va vyavahAra meM karuNA ko dhArA nahIM bahatI vaha usa loka arthAt svarga kA kabhI adhikArI nahIM ho sakatA / yathA :"zrarulillAkku avvulagam ille, porulillAvaku iblaga millAki mAMgu / " (fato 2517) ( arthAt yadi yaha loka nirdhana ke liye nahIM hai, to vaha loka nirdayI ke liye nahIM hai / ) ina paMktiyoM ke sUkSma adhyayana vizleSaNa se patA calatA hai ki kavi kisa prakAra tatkAlIna dhanikoM ko nirdhana logoM ke prati dayAlu hone kA udbodhana dete the / vartamAna samAjavAda ke paripra ekSya meM saMta tiruvalluvara kA do hajAra varSa pUrva kiyA gayA vaha udbodhana kitanA prabhAvI pratIta hotA hai / saccA ahiMsaka, sAdhu yA paMDita vahI hai jo sabhI prANiyoM ko zrAtmavat mAnatA hai / "zrAtmavat sarvabhUteSu yaH pazyeti saH paNDitaH / " ahiMsA kA artha hai, saba jIvoM ke prati zrAtmIyatA kA bhAva baratanA aura leza mAtra bhI kisI ko kaSTa na pahuMcAnA | 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kI mahanIya bhAvadhArA ahiMsA kI hI bhAvadhArA hai / kisI prANI kA badha karanA hI hiMsA nahIM, usakI zrAtmA ko kaSTa pahuMcAnA bhI hiMsA hI hai / jo loga karma se nahIM vacanoM se bhI dUsaroM ko kaSTa pahuMcAte haiM, ve bhI ahiMsA dharma kI anAdara hI karate haiM / kavi ne yahAM taka kahA ki Aga se hone vAlA ghAva bhara jAtA hai, para kaTu vacanoM kA ghAva kabhI nahIM bharatA / (tiru0 1319) jo loga isa prakAra dUsaroM ko pIr3A pahuMcAne meM Ananda kA anubhava karate haiM, unake krUra vyavahAra ke prati kavi ke hRdaya meM apAra kSobha hai tabhI to vaha pUchatA hai : " tannuthikku innAmai tAnarivAn enkolo mannuyikku innA seyala ?" -: (fato 3218) - ( arthAt jisa vyavahAra se svayaM ko duHkha ! pahu~catA ho, vahI kaSTaprada vyavahAra manuSya bhauroM ke sAtha kyoM karatA hai ? ) mahAbhArata kI ye paMktiyAM bhI uparyukta bhAvanA ko hI vyAkhyAyita karatI haiN| : "zrUyatAM dharma sarvasvaM zrutvA caivAvadhAryatAm / zrAtmana: pratikUlAni pareSAM na samAcaret / / na tatparasya kurvIta syAdaniSTaM yadAtmanaH / yadyadAtmani cecchet tatparasyApi cintayet // - ( arthAt jo bAteM zrAtmA ke pratikUla hoM, unakA dUsaroM ke prati zrAcaraNa nahIM karanA, yahI dharma kA sarvasva hai / ise suno aura samajho / jo tumhAre lie aniSTa haiM, jise tuma apane liye kiyA jAnA nahIM cAhate, use tuma dUsaroM ke liye bhI kabhI na kro| jo tumheM iSTa hai, jise tuma prapane lie cAhate ho, usakI tuma dUsaroM ke lie bhI icchA karo / jaba ahiMsA kI jyoti prakhara hotI hai, to ghRNA kA aMdhakAra miTa jAtA hai aura jaba ahiMsA kI gaMgA pravAhita hotI hai to samatA va maMtrI kI phasala lahalahA uThatI hai / hiMsA ke kSetra meM vizeSa yA vaira ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai / hiMsA ko Aga pratikAra kI bhAvanA se bhar3akatI hai / zrataH pratikAra kI bhAvanA kA unmUlana hI hiMsA kA unmUlana hai / aura pratikAra kA yaha pahalU bhI kitanA bhavya aura divya hai ! 'innAsey tArai praruttal avaranA nannayam seyudu vir3ala " ( tiru0 32:4) - ( arthAt, duHkha pahuMcAne vAle apane virodhiyoM ke prati bhI ApakA ucita pratikAra yahI honA cAhie ki zrApa unakI bhalAI karake unheM lajjita hone para vivaza kara deM / )

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2-83 mAnavatAvAdI saMta kabIra ne bhI yahI kahA bhItara eka dUsare ke vinAza kI bhUmikA taiyAra kI pA jA rahI hai| choTe rASTra bar3e rASTroM kI vinAza| "jo tokU kA~TA buvaM, tAhi boya tU phUla / / kArI krIr3A kI AzaMkA mAtra se bhayAkrAMta haiN| toku phUla ko phUla hai, bA~ko hai tirasUla / " / , vaiyaktika, sAmAjika, prAdezika, rASTrIya aura / aMtara-rASTrIya sabhI kSetroM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM bAibila meM bhI kahA gayA hai : zatruoM se prema hiMsA kA varcasva chAyA huA hai| kro| jo tumheM zApa dete haiM, unheM AzIrvAda do| jo tumhAre sAtha ghuNA kA bartAva karate haiM unake aise vAtAvaraNa meM manISiyoM ko sUktiyAM ghAvoM hita ke lie Izvara se prArthanA kro| mahAvIra, para marahama kA kAma karatI haiN| tiruvallUbara buddha, sukarAta, IsA kA jIvana isI prAdarza ke lie bhAratavarSa ke ve mahAn zubhaMSI saMta the, jinhoMne samarpita ho gyaa| samasta mAnava jAti ko prema, maitrI, zAMti aura vartamAna yuga meM ahiMsA kI kitanI prAvazya- ahiMsA kA sadupadeza diyaa| do hajAra varSa pUrva katA aura upayogitA hai, yaha kisI se chipI nhiiN| diye gaye unake saMdeza kA Aja bhI utanA hI vizva sabhyatA vinAza kI ora bar3hI jA rahI hai| mahatva hai| vardhamAna kA saMdeza hI valluvara kA maMtrI aura sauhArda ke udyAna ujar3ate jA rahe haiN| saMdeza hai, jo saMtapta mAnava-jAti ko sadaiva zAMti bhautika vaijJAnika pragati kI prAr3a meM bhItara hI aura preraNA pradAna karatA rhegaa| sabase bar3I jIta . jo sahassaM sahassANaM, saMgAme dujjae jinne| ega biNejya appANaM, esa se paramo jyo|| -uttarA0 9134 jo manuSya durjaya 2 mi meM dasa lAkha yoddhAoM para vijaya prApta kara le usakI ape svayaM apane ko jItanA sabase bar3I jIta hai|

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vaha dIpa jo eka bAra jalA -dhI udayacandra 'prabhAkara' zAstrI prAdhyApaka-sara. hu. di. jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya jaMcarIbAga, nasiyA, indaura (ma.pra.) pUrNa yuvAvasthA rAjyavRddhi, sukha samRddhi mAvega ke dina, aMkurita bitana kI bhUmi meM bikhara gaye siddhAMta kI kasauTI ko jaba patA claa| sudIrgha sAdhanA ne jJAna jyoti prajjvalita kI taba raMga, dveSa, moha, tarpasvIM se mIna khar3e pAkhira, prAtma-jAgRti kA upadeza bhI to milaa| dharatI kI goda meM ujale sitAroM kI taraha satya, ahiMsA, prema mAnavatA ke prazna cihna bana gaye prAtma-pravAha ko jaba patA claa| kauna khar3A jIvana taTa para mauna par3A hoza karo, apane AdarzoM ko susaMskRta sneha se kyoMki amara patha aba sugama bana pdd'aa| vo mauna, kauna mahAvIra thA bhalA svaM-para prakAzaka ratnatrayadhArI prAtma se paramAtma nirvANa patha gAmI vaha dIpa jo eka bAra jlaa|

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itihAsa-puruSa nemi prabhu kI lokapriyatA -zrI kundanalAla jaina bAIsaveM tIrthakara bhagavAna neminAtha kI aitihAsikatA meM aba kiJcita bhI saMdeha nahIM rahA hai, ve zrI kRSNa ke pArivArika jana the aura ariSTanemi ke nAma se prasiddha the| mahAbhArata meM RSabhanAtha aura neminAtha ke nirvANa sthaloM kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai : rektAdrI jino nemi yugAdivimalAcale / RSINAmAzramAdeva muktimArgasya kAraNam / / mahAbhArata skanda purANa ke prabhAsakhaMDa ke vastrApatha kSetra mAhAtmya adhyAya 16 meM nemi prabhu kA giranAra se mukti lAbha kA spaSTa ullekha hai-unheM 'neminAtha ziva' kahA hai : manobhISTArtha sidhyartha tataH siddhimavAptavAn / neminAtha zivetyevaM nAma cakretha vAmanaH / / 96 Rgveda meM pariSTa nemi kA aAhvAna karate hue likhA hai : tavAM rathaM vayadyAhuvema sto merazvinA savitAya navyaM / ariSTa nemi paridyAmiyAnaM vidyA meSaM vRjana jIradAnam / / R0 pra02404,24 yajurveda adhyAya 26 meM ariSTanemi se sambandhita maMtra dekhie : "OM rakSa rakSa ariSTa nemi svAhA" yajurveda ke adhyAya 9 ke maMtra 25 meM nemi prabhu kA ullekha nimna prakAra hai : vAjasyamu prasava AbhUvemA, ca vizvA bhuvanAni sarvataH / sa nemi rAjA pariyAti vidvAn, prajAM puSTivardhayamAno asmai svAhA / / sAmaveda prapA 9 adhyAya 3 meM ariSTa nemi kA ullekha nimna prakAra hai : svasti na indro vRddha zravAH svasti naH pUSA vizvadevAH / svasti na stAkSyoM ariSTa nemiH svastino vRhaspatirdadhAtu // chAndogya upaniSada ke 311716 sUkta ke anusAra zrI kRSNa ke guru ghora pAMgirasa RSi dhe aura 'jJAtR dharma kathA' meM ariSTa nemi ko AMgirasa kA guru mAnA hai| isI kAla meM pAMgirasa nAmaka pratyeka buddha kA ullekha isI bhAsiya' meM milatA hai, ataH mAMgirasa aura ariSTa nemi samakAlIna pratIta hote haiM, 'mora cUki aba zrI kRSNa kI aitihAsikatA meM koI saMdeha nahIM rahA to phira mena prabhu kI aitihAsikatA svayameva siddha ho jAtI hai|

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2-86 vaise bhArata ke mUrdhanya dArzanika DaoN. sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana ne apanI iMDiyana philAsaphI bhAga 2 meM nemi prabhu kI aitihAsikatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| DaoN0 harisatya bhaTTAcArya ne nemi prabhu para eka svatantra grantha 'ariSTa nemi' jo neminAtha kI aitihAsikatA siddha karane vAlA sarvazreSTha grantha hai eka jagaha unhoMne likhA hai :-When the Samavsharan of Lord Arishtanemi was reported to have come near Dwarkaji Lord Krishna went to see him with his family, Lord Krishna bowed down to Lord Arishtanemi." DAkTara phyUrara ne 'epI grAphI iNDikA' bhAga 1 meM bhagavAna neminAtha ko itihAsa puruSa ke rUpa meM sapramANa svIkAra kiyA hai| - 'kembrija hisTrI praoNpha iNDiyA' meM DA. vimala caraNa lA likhate haiM ki "ariSTanemi athavA. neminAtha 22veM tIrthaMkara the ve eka varada kSatriya dharma prasAraka va samAja ke dhurINa ho gae haiM ve saMyamI dhyAna magna catura aura zAMta svabhAvI the, unako samyagdarzana huaA thA ve zuddha satba va dharma pravINa the unhoMne saba bandhana naSTa kiye the"| - nemi prabhu kI aitihAsikatA para prakAza DAlate hue DA. prANanAtha vidyAlaMkAra ne 19 mArca 1935 ke sAptAhika TAimsa oNpha iNDiyA nAmaka patra meM kAThiyAvADa se prApta tAMbe ke prAcIna zAsana patra kA vivaraNa prakAzita karAyA thA jo I. pU. 1140 ke lagabhaga kA hai / isakA sArAMza hai ki sumera jAtIya bAbula ke rivaldiyana samrATa nevucedanajara jo revAnagara kA adhipati thA, ne yadurAja kI bhUmi meM revAcala ke adhipati nemi prabhu kI bhakti kI thI aura unakI sevA meM dAna patra arpita kiyA thaa| isa zAsana patra para nevucedanajara kI rAjakIya mudrA aMkita hai| zrI esa. esa. bhaTTAcArya ne apanI pustaka 'vizva kI dRSTi meM jaina dharma' meM neminAtha, unake cacere bhAI zrI kRSNa tathA nemi prabhu kI nirvANa sthalI urjayantagiri (giranAra) ko aitihAsika siddha karane ke prabala pramANa prastuta kiye haiN| uparyukta tathyoM se nemi prabhu kI aitihAsikatA meM tanika bhI saMdeha nahIM raha jAtA hai, ve jitane aitihAsika haiM utane hI lokapriya bhI rahe haiN| __ nemi prabhu aura rAjula donoM ne jo abhUtapUrva utsagaM kiyA vahI unakI lokapriyatA evaM itihAsa meM prasiddhi kA kAraNa rahA / bhAratIya vAGmaya kI prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta, hindI, marAThI, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, kannar3a, tamila Adi sabhI bhASAoM meM unako gaurava gAthA aMkita hai| unake udAtta caritra evaM tyAga ke adbhuta sAkAra rUpa ne pratyeka yuga meM kathAkAroM, sAhityakAroM evaM kalAzilpiyoM ko sadaiva prAndolita kiyA aura unake marmasthaloM ko jhakajhorA tathA bAdhya kiyA ki unakI lekhanI nemi prabhu tathA rAjulajI ke tapaH pUta pAvana caritra ko sAhitya kI vibhinna vidhAnoM aura bhArata kI vibhinna bhASAoM meM aMkita evaM citrita kiyA jAve / samudra vijaya aura zivAdevI ke lADale nemi prabhu rAjA ugrasena kI lADalI rAjUla se jaba : pariNaya racAne ke lie dalabala sahita bArAta lekara usake ghara jA rahe the ki mArga meM pazuoM kI karuNa : pukAra sunakara ve dayA dravita ho uThe aura turanta hI saba kucha chor3a chAr3akara. jainezvarIdIkSA dhAraNa kara -

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2-87 lI thii| unake sAtha rAjula bhI bhAratIya AdarzoM kA anukaraNa karatI huI unake hI sAtha giranAra para calI gaI aura paratmokRSTa tapasyA dhAraNa kI / unako yahI ghaTanA aisI hRdaya drAvaka aura mArmika rahI ki sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa vyakti bhI kavi bana gayA, yahAM rASTra kavi maithilIzaraNa gupta kA 'sAketa' meM likhita nimna chaMda sahasA smaraNa ho pAtA hai ki : he rAma ! tumhArA carita svayaM hI kAvya hai| koI bhI kavi bana jAya sahaja saMbhAvya hai / uparyukta chaMda meM rAma kI jagaha nemi yA rAjula zabda rakha diyA jAve aura phira vizleSaNa kiyA jAya to nemi prabhu ko bhI rAma kA sthAna prApta ho sakatA hai aura hara vyakti kavi bana sakatA hai yathArtha meM nemi prabhu aura rAjula kA jIvana prasaMga itanA adhika vyApaka aura tyAgamaya evaM preraNAdAyI rahA hai ki zraddhAlujana bhAvavihvala ho apanI zraddhA ke sumana kisI na kisI rUpa meM unake caraNoM meM arpita karane ko tatpara haiM / nemi prabhu saMbaMdhI sAhitya bhArata kI vibhinna bhASAoM meM vipula mAtrA ke pAyA jAtA hai para hindI meM jina vibhinna vidhAnoM aura loka sAhitya ke rUpa meM avatarita humA hai vaha nizcaya hI bar3A mahatvapUrNa haiM / hindI meM nemiprabhu aura rAjula se saMbaMdhita rAsa, dhUli, veli, phAgu, dhyAhalo, kaDAkha, maMgala, vArahamAsA, sajjhAya, vattIsI, chattIsI, bahotarI, vAvanI, paccIsI, zataka, cUnaDI, candrikA, caupAI, kathA, carita, purANa, gIta, ghoDI, banA, pada ityAdi rUpa meM jo sAhitya prApta hotA hai usase nemi prabhu kI lokapriyatA spaSTa rUpa se vidita ho jAtI hai| yahAM hama sahajAdapura nivAsI garga gotriya agravAla vaMzI zrI vArailAla kI saM0 1744 meM racita nemiprabhu kA maMgala byAhalo zIrSaka eka racanA kA paricaya pAThakoM ke samakSa prastuta kara rahaiM hai jo sarvathA aprakAzita hai| racanA bahuta bar3I nahIM hai kevala 73 chaMda hai para haiM bar3e sarasa aura rocaka aura hRdaya ko gadagada karane vAle haiN| kahIM-kahIM sAhityika chaTA ke bhI anupama darzana ho jAte haiM yahAM hama racanA kA aura adhika vizleSaNa na karate hue pAThakoM kI abhiruci para hI chor3ate haiM / yaha racanA dijaina sarasvatI bhaMDAra dharmapurA dillI ke saMskRta guTakA naM0 1 meM patra 109 se 115 taka aMkita hai / isakI lambAI caur3AI 34.9x 18.9 seN.miihai| hara patra para 25 paMktiyAM aura hara paMkti meM 30 prakSara haiN| isakA lipikAla saM0 1896 hai / eka prati paMcAyatI maMdira masjidakhajUra meM bhI milatI hai| yahAM eka zaMkA mere mana meM uThI hai ki vArailola kahIM kavi vinodIlAla kA upanAma to nahIM kyoMki bahuta kucha samAnatA donoM meM milatI hai vidvAna pAThaka isakA nirNaya kreN| racanA ke Adi madhya praura manta ke kucha aMza isa prakAra haiM nau maMgala neminAtha jI ke ___ zrI vAralAla jI kRta aji guru gaNadhara deva manAUrI hA~ aji jAdaupati kA maMgala gAUrI ho / aji e bA~tA sunata suhAi hAM, aji jAdaupati kulavaMsa vadhAU hAM / / / ajijAdI pati kulavaMsa vadhAi gAUM sArada devi mnaaik| hou kRpAlu mAtu mama para nema kuvara jasa gAiye / e maMgalAcAra nema rAjula ke sunata zravana sukhadAiyA / hota uchAha nagara dvArAvatI maMgalAcAra badhAiyA / 21

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praji isa jaMvUdIpa maMjhArA hA aji tahAM kSetra bharata sukha kAra ho / aji tahAM soraTha desa suhAvai hAM maji tahAM nagara dvArakA vasAyo ho / 3 / praji tahAM vasa chappana koTi jAdo jarAsiMdhu saMhAriyA / jaba cakra prAyo hAtha harika sabana maMtra vicAriyA / / praji jAdau vaMsa kula meM ko balI hai so paricchA liijie| bala sabana ko ika tolika taba rAja ika chana kIjie 141 praji koI kahai pAMDava bhArI hAM, aji jina phauja savai saMhArI ho| praji koI koI balabhadra vatAvai hAM aji koI kRSNa kuvara jasa gAvaM hAM / / / pani koU kahai saMsAra meM zrIkRSNa se jo ko blii| jina saMkha pUkho dhanuSa car3hAyo nAga sayyA dalamalI / / rAkho govardhana sikhara Upara kaMsa kU china meM hatyauM / bhuva loka meM bala savana jAgyo kaho yAma kA matI 18 / praji balabhadra tavaM uTha bola hAM, aji tuma bAlaka karata kilole ho / maji ye vAteM kachu na suhAI hAM, aho prabhu nemabalI sama ko hai hAM / / ko hai balI prabhu nema jinasoM ko hai kaho triloka meM / e indra candra dharaNendra cakrI sura asura ke thoka meN|| koI kara sUkhI ka navai maMgulI sakala jo dhAila / joravAna valI hama giNa vAkU dehi naika nivAIkai / 8 / xxxxxx lAge ju brAhmaNa veda bolana bhATa virudAvalI par3ha / cira jivo nemi jinendra dulho yaha jori juga juga var3ha / 3 / aji prohita ko deI vidAI hAM, aji prAbhUSaNa jar3ata jaahaaN| aji dIne anamola dusAle hAM, aji dInI ga ja mutiyana mAlA ho.1371 one dusAle ghor3A jor3A hAphi. aisvataH brkhaa| deza paTTaNa gAma dIna aura dIne ratha pakhAM / / iha bhAMti aura aneka dIna basana pATaMvara nae / sanamAna kari dInI vidAI prohita ajAMcI ho gaye 1381 aji subha dina ko lUna chuvAyo hAM, aNi saba parivAra bulAyo ho / paji baMdIjana saba mila pAvai hAM aji Adara sU paharAvai hAM / 391 paharAyA prAdara sU sabai mila paravAra nai paayaa| boli bola jAbakA sabha kAminI aura maayaaH|| maMgalAcAra bhayA jimakA kuTumba ke mana bhAiyAH / trailokyapati ke tilaka huvI lAla maMgala gADyA 1401 iti varSa maMgala praji caMdana ke khaMbha mar3Ae hAM aji soM mAMgama bIca gar3Ae hAM / aji UcA kara maMDapa chAyo hAM, aji vadropata sarasa banAyo haaN||41|

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2-89 bAMdhe candropaka "prati anUpama 'prAni karanI kI tr| ........ jhamajhamAta kalaze bahuta vidhi soheM mutiyana kI sr| praji jhallara banI makhatUla ko bica biva javAhara lAiyAM / tahAM bAMdhi DorI rezamI tisa tale cauka purAhayAM / 421 aji jura sakala suhAgana AI hAM majijadupati ke maMhadI lAvai ho / aji koI citra vicitra banAvai hAM, maMji koI khaMDI pavana dulAvaM hAM 1431 citra vicitra banAya bahu vidhi gIti maMgala gAvahI / vadana nirakha prANa vArauM halada tela cddh'aavhiiN|| uvaTaNa aMga sugaMdha kesara nemi kumAra lagAvahIM / satabhAmA rukmiNI jAmavaMtI nemi kumAra nhulAvahIM / / aji jadupati kU vAgI lAe hAM, maji cuna cuna saba paharAyA / ajihari bala doUca mara ju DhArai hAM, aji jananI ura mAnaMda lAyA hAM // 441 vahari surapati ne lAI kAMdha, giranera gar3ha meM le ge| paMca muSTi loMca lekara mApa chada bhastha bhae 1681 aji je bhUpati prabhu ke saMga prAye hAM, aji te giranAra kU sabahI pAe hAM / aji keteyaka Dare saMsArA hAM praji ketayaka phirai para vArA hAM 1691 ketayaka rAjana dharo saMyama bhIta bhaya saMsAra kii| shahra rAjana laI dIkSA sAtha ... nemi... kumAra kI / / zrI kRSNa maru balabhadra mili phire ghara kU bhAyA / tapa kalyANaka bhayA prabhu kA lAla maMgala gAiyA / 701 iti aSTama maMgala aji savatsara suno ari sAlA hAM, satrAha se maura cavAlA haaN| dina sAvana chaTha ujArI hAM tA dina yaha maMgala gAyo hAM 171 / maMgalAcAra nemajI kA sahajAdapura meM gAiyA / agravAla garga gotrI anaka cUne kahAiyA / / chatrapati baiTho caukannA cArI cakva nivAiyAM / nauraMga sAha balI ke bArelAla maMgala gAiyAM 1721 yaha maMgala pUrI bhayo sunata zravaNa sukhadAya / apanI kRpA tuma rAkhiyo nema kuvara jinarAya 1731 iti zrI nemanAtha jI kA maMgala byAhalA /

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2-90 nemi prabhu ke utsargamayI jIvana se mahamUda nAmaka eka musalamAna kapiNya bhI prabhAvita humA jisane nimna 'kar3akhA' kI racanA kI jo dillI ke dharma purA jaina maMdira meM vidyamAna hai| yadyapi racanA uccakoTi kI nahIM hai phira bhI bhaktibhAva se motaprota hai dekhie : neminAtha kA kar3akhA santa tU danta tU' majara tU' amara tU siddhi tU buddhi tU maanvNtaa| koSa aru lobha jina mAna mAyA tajI jai jai ho nAtha tU puNyakA / / tosyU kauna sakhara kara kAma bhaya tharaharai kara bInatI palabhai raajaa| vAma kara maMguli kRSNahi Doliyo nema naranAtha rAjASirAjA tosyU kauna / / / jina nAga sejyA dalI nema se prati basI bAma kara maMgulI dhanuSa sAjA / svarga svarga purI indra Anae baTalyo kalabhalyo zeSa jaba zaMkha bAbA // tosyU kauna 121 * mAtA ziva devIkI kUSi utpanniyo svAmI ciMtAmanI ratnavaMsa / sakala sukhakarana dukhaharana jAdopatI acala jyoM meru citta thira rahatA |tosyuu kauna / / chappana koTina jAdo sira mukuTa mariNa indra dharaNendra terI karata sevA / jaina mahamUda jina karata hai vInatI rAkhalo saraNa devAdhidevAtosyU kona 141 iti zrI mahamUda kA zrI nemiSI kA kar3akhA samApta / .

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tIrthakaratva aura buddhatva prApti ke nimittoM kA talanAtmaka adhyayana jaina aura bauddha dharmoM meM tIrthaGkarasva evaM buddhatva prApti ke nimittoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| unake tulanAtmaka adhyayana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki donoM dharma sAhitya va prAcAryoM meM vicAroM kA paryApta AdAna-pradAna huaA hai / jaina sAhitya meM tIrthakara prakRti ke prAsravoM kA varNana milatA hai| prAcArya umAsvAmi ne paramparAnusAra mAnya SoDasa bhAvanAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jinakA paripAlana karane se vyakti tIrthakara bana sakatA hai ___ darzanavizuddhivinayasampannatAzIlavateSvanati. cAro'bhISaNajJAnopayogasaMvego zaktitastyAgatapasI sAdhusamAdhi-vaiyAvRtyakaraNamarhadAcAryavahuzruta pravacana bhaktirAvazyakAparihAriNa mArgaprabhAvanA pravecanavatsala tvamiti tIrthakaratvasya / .... . darzanavizuddhi, vinayasampannatA, zIla aura vratoM meM anaticAra, abhIkSNaM : jJAnopayoga, saMvega, yathAzakti tyAga va tapa, sAdhu samAdhi, vaiyAvRtti, ahaMdUbhakti, prAcArya bhakti, bahuzruta (upAdhyAya) bhakti, pravacana bhakti, pAvazyaka meM aparihAriNatva, mArgaprabhAvanA maura pravacana vAtsalya ye solaha bhAvanAyeM tIrthakara nAmakarma ke prAzruva ke kAraNa haiM / uttarakAlIna digambara mAcAryoM ne isI paramparA kA anukaraNa kiyA hai / zvetAmbara prmpr| ne SoDasa bhAvanAoM ke sthAna para bIsa bhAvanAyeM svIkAra kI haiM / vahAM siddhavatsalatA, sthaviravatsalatA tapasvI vatsalatA aura apUrvajJAna grahaNa ina cAra bhAvanAmoM ko aura jor3a diyA gyaa| imehi ya NaM vIsAehi ya kAraNehiM mAse viya bahulIkaraNahiM titvayara mAmagomaM kAma nimvattesu taM jahA -DA. bhAgacanda jaina adhyakSa, pAli prAkRta vibhAga, mAgapura vizvavidyAlaya, nAgapura

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2-92 bharatasiddha pavayaraNa guru thera bahussue tabassIsu / challayAya tesiM prabhikkha nANIva zrogoya // 1 // saraviNae prAvassae ya sIlabbae niraiyAro / arulava savaciyAe veyAvacce samAhI ya 1211 prapuvva nAraNagahaNe suyamatti pavayaNe pahAvaraNayA / eehi kAraNehi titthayarata lahai so u // 3 // 2 zrAcArya haribhadra ne tatvArtha sUtra ke iti zabda se ukta cAra bhAvanAyeM nikAlI haiM iti zabdaH prAdyarthaH vizateH kAraNAnAM sUtrakAreNa kiMcit sUtre kicidbhAsye kiMcidAdi grahaNAt siddhapUja kSaraNalavadhyAnabhAvabhAvyaM pranupa tamupayujya ca vaktrA vyAkhyevam 3 *bauddha sAhitya meM mahApuruSoM ke prAyaH 32 lakSaNa batAye gaye haiM para gaNDavyUha meM 28 diye gaye haiM / bina pratyoM meM ye lakSaNa milate haiM ve ye haiM-dogha nikAya (pra. 3. 4. 112 ), lalitavistara ( 105. 11) mahAvyutpatti (283 FF). dharmasaMgraha ( 83 ): gaNDavyUha (399-20), bodhisatva bhUmi ( 375.9), mahAvastu ( 1.226.16), zrabhisamayAlaMkArAloka (4.526 ), ratnagotra vibhAga mahAvyAnottaralakA zAstra ( bhAga 26, pR. 94.95), abhidharmadIpavibhASAprabhAvRtti sahita (pR. 187 ), artha vinizcaya sUtra aura usakI TIkA sarvamAnya 32 lakSaNa ye haiM- (1) supatihitapAdatA, (2) pAdatalacakkatA, (3) zrAyatapaNDitA, ( 4 ) doghaMGga litA, ( 5 ) mRdutaluna hasthapAdatA (6) jAlahatthapAdatA, (7) ussaMkhapAdatA, (8) khINajaMghatA, (9) dhanonamanta jANuparimajjanatA, ( 10 ) koso hitavattha guhyatA, (11) sutratA ( 12 ) sukhamacchavitA (13) ekekalomatA, ( 14 ) uddhaggalomatA, ( 15 ) brahma jugatatA, (1.6) sattassadatA (17) sIhapubbaddhakAyatA, (18) cittantaraMsatA, ( 19 ) gigroparimaNDalatA, ( 20 ) samabahabalandhatA, ( 21 ) rasaggatA, (22) sIhahanutA, (24) attAlIsadasA, ( 24 ) samadantatA (20) prabira ladamtatA, (26) susukkadADhatA, ( 27 ) pahUta jivhatA, ( 29 ) brahmasaratA (29) prabhinIla netatA, ( 30 ) gopakhumatA, (31) uNgAya mukantaratA, naura (32) unhI sasIsata / ( dIghanikAya) / mahApuruSoM ko ye 32 lakSaNa jina pUrvakRta karmoM dvArA prApta hote haiM ve nimnalikhita haiM1. dRr3hasamAdAnatA, 2. vicitradAnopacaya, 3. parasatvA jihana karaNatA, 4. dharmarakSAvaraNa guptikaraNatA, 5 paraparIvArA bhedanatA, 6. vividha prAvaraNa pradAnatA, 7. vipulAnnapAnAnu pradAnatA, 8. buddhadharmaparigrahaNatA, 9 guhyamantarakSaNatayA maithunadharmaprativisarjanatA, 10 zubhakarmAnupUrvAcaraNatA 11. kuzala dharma samAcaratA, 12 abhayapradAnatA 13. para kiGkaraNIyotsakatA, 14. kuzalakarma yayAtRptasamAdAnatA 15. vividha bhaiSajyAnupradAnatA, 16. kuzalamUla prayogatA, 17. sarvasatvAdhavAsa prayogatA, 18. bhinnasatva sandhAnatA, 19. svArakSita kAyavAGmanaskarmatA, 20 satyavacana saMrakSaNatA, 21. puSpaskandhopasevitA, 22. snigdhavacana satyapAlana tayA mAnandavacanagavaNatA. 23 : maitravatsatvasaMrakSaNatA, 24. kRtrimAzayatA, 25. dharmasaMgItithittakarmaNyatA 26. zayyAsanArabharaNamanAya vastrAnupradAnatA, 27 saGgaNikA parivarjanatA, 28. prAcAryopAdhyAya kalyANamitrAnuzAsinI pradakSiNa grAhitA, 29. sarva prAraNAnukampanatA, nihita loSTadaNDazIlatA, 30 varNArha vaparatA, 31. gurugaurava praNAmatA, zrIra 32. svakIya parakIya samAdhi meM niyojanatA / 5 artha vinizcaya sUtra meM pratyeka lakSaNa prApti ke lie pRthaka karmavipAka diyA hai parantu dIghanikAya meM ina karma vipAkoM kI kula saMkhyA bIsa hI batAyI gaI haiM / - sadAcAra, priyakAritA, jIvahiMsA tyAga, madhura bhojanadAna, janasaMgrAhakatA, prartha dharmo upadeza dAnA satkArapUrvaka zikSaNa, hita kI jijJAsA, prakrodha va vastradAna, paraspara maitrI karanA karAnA, yogyAyogya puruSa kA dhyAna, parahitAkAMkSA, parapIr3AtyAga, priyadRSTi, satkArya meM prapraNI,

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satyavAditA, saMgharSa dUra karanA, madhura bhASitA, avapUrNa vacana evaM samyag AjIvikA / donoM granthoM meM nirdiSTa karma vipAkoM meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM / inake atirikta buddhatva prApti ke anya kAraNoM meM pAramitAoM kI prApti karanA bhI pranyatama kAraNa hai / prAcIna pAlisAhitya meM pAramitAnoM kA ullekha prAyaH nahIM milatA / dIghanikAya ke dasuttarasutta va saMgItisutta meM bauddha mantavyoM kI sUcI dI gaI hai parantu usameM pAramitA kA bilakula ullekha nahIM / majjhimanikAya meM pAramiyatto zabda avazya milatA hai para pAramitA ke artha meM 'nahIM / prataeva aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pAramitAnoM kA siddhAnta mUla rUpa se theravAdI paramparA meM nahIM thA / sarvAstivAdI aura mahAsAMghika paramparAoM ne bauddhadharma meM zraddhA jAgrata karane kI dRSTi se pAramitAoM kA Alekhana kiyA / inhIM kA prabhAva uttarakAlIna pAlisAhitya para par3A / isI zrAdhAra para vahAM vividha kathAyeM bhI gar3hI gaI / tathA, dAna, bIla, nekkhamma, pajjJa, vIriya, zAnti, sacca, adhiSThAna, mettA va upekkhA ina dasa pAramitAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ina dasa pAramitAoM kA AdhAra bauddha saMskRta sAhitya meM prApta chaha pAramitAyeM haiM :- bAna, zIla, kSAMti, vIrya, dhyAna aura prajJA 17 thairavAdI paramparA meM nekkhamma, sacca, zradhiSThAna metA va upekkhA ko jor3A gayA tathA dhyAna pAramitA ko chor3A gayA / dasabhUmika sUtra meM SaTpAramitAmroM meM upaya kauzalya, praNidhAna, bala aura jJAna ko jor3akara dasa pAramitAyeM kI gaIM haiN| upekkhA va mettA brahmavihAroM ke antargata prAye haiM tathA sacca ko zIla meM parigaNita kiyA jA sakatA hai / pradhiSThAna ko praNidhAna meM garbhita kara sakate haiM / nekkhammapAramitA (gRha tyAga ) para theravAdiyoM ne vizeSa dhyAna diyA jabaki mahAyAnI paramparA utanA dhyAna nahIM de sakI / mahAsAdhakoM va 2-93 sarvAstivAdiyoM ne use pRthak maanaa| ina sabhI pAramitAnoM meM ukta 20 aura 32 kAraNa garbhita kiye jA sakate haiM / tIrtha kara prakRti ke 16 athavA 20 nimitta bhI inhIM pAramitAbhoM meM rakhe jA sakate haiM / theravAdI paramparA meM buddhatva prApti ko prasvIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA parantu use durlabha avazya batAyA gayA hai / vahAM kahA gayA hai ki aneka kalpoM ke bAda buddha utpanna hotA hai - kadAci karahaci tathAgatA loke uppajjanti sarvAstivAdI aura mahAsAMghikoM ne isakI sambhAvanA aura kama kara dii| mahAyAnI paramparA meM yaha niyama aura DhIlA ho gayA / jainadharma ke anusAra bhI tIrtha kara prakRti kA karma bandha honA sarala nahIM / pAli sAhitya va mahAvastu prAdi meM buddhatva prApti ke lie bodhisatva praNidhAna karanA hai| sumedha brAhmaNa kA maitreya buddha honA isI kA nidarzana hai / isa bhUmikA se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina va bauddha paramparAyeM isa sandarbha meM bhI paraspara prabhAvita haiM / yaha vicAraNA taba aura prabala ho jAtI hai jaba hama ina sabhI kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karate haiM / 1. darzana vizuddhi jinopadiSTa nirgrantha mokSamArga meM ruci rakhanA darzana vizuddhi hai / isake prATha ghAMga haiM ni:zaGkitatva, niHkAMkSatA, nirvicikitsA, zramUDhadRSTi, upabRMhaNa, sthitikaraNa, vAtsalya va prabhAvanA / ihaloka, paraloka, vyAdhi, maraNa, pragupti, prarakSaNa, Akasmika ina sAta bhayoM se mukta rahanA athavA jinopadiSTa tatva meM 'yaha hai yA nahIM' isa prakAra kI zaMkA nahIM karanA niHzaMkita raMga hai / dharma ko dhAraNa karake isa loka aura paraloka meM viSayopabhoga kI bhrAkAMkSA nahIM karanA maura anya mithyAdRSTi sambandhI prAkAMkSAoM kA nirAsa karanA niHkAMkSita bhaMga hai| zarIra ko

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2-94 atyanta azuci mAnakara usameM zucitva ke mithyA saMkalpa ko chor3a denA athavA ahiMsA dvArA upadiSTa suvacana meM yaha prayukta hai, 'ghora kaSTa hai, yaha saba saMbhava nahIM" Adi isa prakAra kI azuddha bhAvanAmroM se citta vicikitsA nahIM karanA nirvicikitsA aMga hai / bahuta prakAra ke midhyAnayavAdiyoM ke darzanoM meM tatvabuddhi aura yuktiyuktatA chor3akara moharahita honA pramUDhadRSTi aMga hai / uttama kSamA Adi dharmabhAvanAoM se AtmA ko dharmavRddhi karanA pahA hai / kaSAyodaya Adi se dharmabhraSTa hone ke kAraNa upasthita hone para bhI apane dharma se paricyuta na honA sthitikaraNa hai| jina praNIta dharmAmRta se nitya anurAga karanA vAtsalya hai / samyaka darzana, jJAna cAritra rUpa ratnatraya ke prabhAva se zrAtmA ko prakAzamAna karanA prabhAvanA hai 110 Sor3asa bhAvanAoM meM darzana vizuddhi mukhya bhAvanA hai / isake prabhAva meM anya sabhI bhAvanAyeM hone para bhI tIrthaMkara prakRti kA bandha nahIM hotA / yahAM vastutaH darzana kI zuddhi svayaM prAzrava bandha kA kAraNa nahIM | prAbhava-bandha kA kAraNa to hai rAga / mitaH darzana vizuddhi kA mathaM humA darzana ke sAtha rahane vAlA rAga rAga athavA kaSAya hI bandha kA kAraNa hai, samyagdarzanAdi nahIM ataH samyagdRSTi jIva ko jinopadiSTa nirgrantha mArga meM jo darzana sambandhI dharmAnurAga hotA hai vahI darzana vizuddhi hai / samyagdarzana ke zaMkAdi doSa dUra ho jAne se hI yaha vizuddhi prA jAtI hai / battIsa mahApuruSa lakSaNoM meM prathama lakSaNa supratiSThitapAdatA hai jise prApta karane ke lie bauddha sAhitya meM sadAcAra kA pAlana prAvazyaka batAyA gayA hai / isake antargata dAna, zIlAcaraNa, uposatha vrata, mAtA-pitA tathA zramaNa brAhmaNoM kI sevA, jyeSThoM kA satkAra va satkarmoM meM dRr3ha honA mAdi samAhita hai / isakA prAcaraNa karane se prAntarika zatru - rAga, dveSa, moha, lobhAdi tathA bAhya zatru se vyakti ajeya ho jAtA hai / sacce ca dhamme ca dame ca saMyame soceyya sIlAla posathe su ca / dAne ahiMsAya asahAya se rato dalahaM samAdAya samattamAcari ||11 abhidharmaM vinizca sUtra tathA usakI TIkA meM samAnatA 12 karma vipAka ke kAraNa supratiSTitapAdatA prApta hotI hai / dRDha samAdAnatA se prAcAra vicAra meM dRr3hatA AtI hai | 13 2. vinaya sampannatA ke samyagjJAna prAdi mokSa ke sAdhanoM meM tathA jJAna nimitta guru Adi meM yogya rIti se satkAra Adi karanA tathA kaSAya kI nivRtti karanA vinaya sampannatA hai / 14 vinaya mukhya rUpa se do prakAra kI hotI hai - nizcaya vinaya jo vyakti ko zuddha svarUpa meM sthira karatI hai tathA vyavahAra vinaya jo zubha bhAva meM sthira karatI hai / prathama vinaya bandha kA kAraNa nahIM jabaki dvitIya vinaya tIrthaMGkara nAmakarma ke prAzrava kA kAraNa hai| chaThaveM guNasthAna ke bAda vyavahAra vinaya nahIM hotI parantu nizcaya vinaya hotI hai / bauddhadharma ke prathama kAraNa kI tulanA isase bhI kI jA sakatI hai / 3. zIla- vratoM meM ana ticAra zIla zabda kA prayoga satsvabhAva, svadAra santoSa tathA ahiMsAdi vratoM ke saMrakSaka divrata prAdi sAta vratoM ke prartha meM hotA hai / prahiMsAdi vrata tathA unake paripAlanArtha krodha varjana Adi zIloM meM kAya vacana aura mana kI nirdoSa pravRtti zIlavrateSvanaticAra hai / 16 isI ko dIrghanikAya meM prAraNAtipAtAdi se dUra rahakara prayatayaNhitA, dodhAGgulitA va brahmajuguttatA nAmaka mahApuruSa lakSaNoM kI prApti kA mArga kahA hai- mAraNa vadha bhayamattano viditvA parivirato pare mAraNAya hosi / tena sucaritena saggamagamA sukataphalavipAka manubhosi

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4. abhIkSNa jJAnopayoga jJAna kI bhAvanA me sadaiva tatpara rahanA abhIkSNa jJAnopayoga hai / 17 isameM samyagjJAna ke dvArA pratyeka kArya kI pravRtti para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / ajJAna nivRtti isakA sAkSAt phala hai tathA hitaprApti, mahitaparihAra tathA upekSA vyavaddita phala haiN| yahAM yathArtha jJAna parama hitakArI hai / jJAnopayoga meM vidyamAna bItarAga bhAva bandha kA kAraNa nahIM / bandha kA kAraNa to zubha bhAva rUpa rAga hai / pUjyapAda ne jIvAdi padArtha viSayaka jJAna meM satat jAgarUkatA ko abhIkSNa jJAnopayoga kahA 117 vAcanA, pRcchanA, anuprekSA va dharmopadeza kA abhyAsa bhI isI ke antargata AtA hai 1 18 dIrghanikAya ke satkAra pUrvaka zikSaNa tathA artha dharma kA upadeza se isakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai- sippesu vijjAcaraNe su kammesu kathaM vijAneppu launi icchati / yadUpadhAtAya na hoti kassaci vA ceti khippaM da ciraM kilissati / tathA atha dhammasahitaM pure giraM erayaM bahujanaM nidaMsayi / pANinaM hita sukhAvaho graha dhammayAgamaya jI dhamaccharI // 5. saMvega zarIra mAnasa prAdi aneka prakAra ke priyaviprayoga aura apriya saMyoga iSTa kA pralAbha Adi rUpa sAMsArika duHkhoM se nitya bhIrutA saMvega hai 119 6-7. yathA zakti tyAga va tapa siddhasena ne tyAga kA artha dAna kiyA hai 20 aura abhayadeva ne yatijanocita dAna ko tyAga kahA hai / 21 para kI prIti ke lie apanI vastu ko denA 2-95 tyAga hai| mAhAra dene se pAtra ko usa dina prIti hotI hai| prabhayadAna se usa bhava kA du:kha chUTatA hai. mata pAtra ko santoSa hotA hai| jJAna dAna to aneka sahasra bhavoM ke duHkhoM se mukti dilAne vAlA hai / ina tInoM dAnoM ko sarvArtha siddhi va tatvArthavArtika meM tyAga kahA gayA hai 122 dIghanikAya meM mAhAradAna va vastradAna prAdi bhI una kAraNoM meM haiM jo buddhatva prApti ke nimitta mAne gaye haiM / pAramitAnoM meM bhI dAna kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| samUcI bauddha caryA meM dAna kI mahattA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / 8. sAdhu samAdhi jaise bhaNDAra meM bhAga lagane para vaha prayatna - pUrvaka zAMta kI jAtI hai usI taraha aneka vrata zIloM se samRddha muni garaNa ke tapa Adi meM yadi koI vighna upasthita ho jAya to usakA nivAraNa karanA sAdhu samAdhi hai / 23 siddhasena ne samAdhi kA prayaM svasthatA va nirupadravatA kA utpAdana batAyA hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM saMghasAdhu samAdhikaraNa pATha hai / aafnakAya meM sUkSma chavi prApta karane ke lie pravrajitoM kI sevA karane para jora diyA gayA puraM purasthA purimAsu jAtisu, bhAtakAmo paripucchitA prahu / sussUsitA pavvajitaM upAsitA pratyantaro pratthakathaM nisAmayi // | 24 9. vaiyAvRtyakaraNa guNavAn sAdhunoM para samAyata kaSTa, roga prAdi ko nirdoSa vidhi se haTA denA, unakI sevA zrAdi karanA vaiyAvRtya hai / 25 sAdhu samAdhi meM sAdhu kA citta santuSTa rakhA jAtA hai aura vaiyAvRtyakaraNa meM tapasviyoM ke yogya sAdhana ekatra kara unakA dAna diyA jAtA hai / bauddha sAhitya meM dAna va mahAkaruNA kA gauravapUrNa sthAna hai /

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2-96 10-13 mahat, prAcArya, bahuzruta aura pravacana bhakti bhAvazyakAparihANi hai / sarva sAvadyayogoM kA tyAga karanA, citta ko ekAgra rUpa se jJAna meM prathama tIna --- mahat, prAcArya aura bahuzruta lagAnA sAmAyika hai| tIrthaGkara ke guNoM kA kIrtana (upAdhyAya) ko paMca parameSThayoM ke antargata rakhA caturvizatistava hai / mana, vacana, kAya kI zuddhigayA hai / samyagdRSTi kI zAstra bhakti hI pravacana pUrvaka khaDgAsana yA padmAsana se cAra bAra zironati bhakti haiM / kevalajJAna zrutajJAna prAdi divya netra aura bAraha prAvatapUrvaka vandanA hotI hai / kRta dhArI parahitapravaNa aura svasamaya vistAra doSoM kI nivRtti pratikramaNa hai / bhaviSya meM doSa nizcayajJa arhan, prAcArya aura bahuzru toM meM tathA na hone dene ke lie sannaddha honA pratyAkhyAna hai / zruta devatA ke prasAda se kaThinatA se prApta hone amuka samaya taka zarIrabamatva kA tyAga karanA vAle mokSa mahala ke sopAna rUpa pravacana meM prava kAyotsarga hai / 28 bora sAhitya meM aisA koI varNana vizuddhipUrvaka anurAga karanA arhadbhakti, prAcArya nahIM miltaa| bhakti, bahuzru ta bhakti aura pravacana bhakti hai 128 nAyAdhamma kahAmo meM ahaMdyabhakti ke sthAna para 15. mAge prabhAvanA arihaMta vatsalatA. prAcArya bhakti ke sthAna para guru nAyA dhamma kahAno meM isake sthAna para pravacana vatsalatA, bahuzrutabhakti ke sthAna para bahuzruta vatsa- prabhAvanA zabda pAyA hai| mAna chor3akara samyagdarzalatA aura pravacana bhakti ke sthAna para pravacana nAdi rUpa mokSamArga ko jIvana meM svayaM utAranA vatsalatA zabda milate haiM / paramabhAva vizuddhiyuktA va dUsaroM ko upadeza dekara usakA prabhAva bar3hAnA bhakti arthAt yathA sambhava adhigamana, bandana, pravacana prabhAvanA hai / 29 para samaya rUpI jugunumoM ke paryupAsana, adhyayana, zravaNa, zraddhAna rUpA bhakti prakAza ko parAbhUta karane vAle jJAnaravi prabhA se, hai .27 tatvArthavAtika meM va sarvArthasiddhi meM bhAva- indra ke siMhAsana ko kaMpA dene vAle mahopavAsa vizudhiyukto'nurAgo bhaktiH- vizuddha sAva yukta mAdi samyak tapoM se bhavyajana rUpI kamaloM ko anurAga ko hI bhakti kahA hai| vikasita karane ke lie sUryaprabhA samAna jina pUjA dIghanikAya meM khINajaGa dhatA ko prApta karane ke dvArA saddharma kA prakAza karanA mArga prabhAvanA hai 130 bauddha sAhitya ke dharmarakSAvaraNaguptikaraNatA ke lie vidyA, caraNa va karma kA prazikSaNa lenA kI samAnatA kisI sImA taka yahAM dekhI jA denA par3atA hai / abhidharmavinizcayasUtra meM isI ko sakatI hai| buddhadharma parigrahaNatA kahA hai| isI prakAra kuzala dharma samAcaraNatA tathA prAcAryopAdhyAya kalyANa 16. pravacana vAtsalya mitrAnuzAsinI pradakSiNagrAhitA ko bhI tulanA ke jaise gAya apane bachar3e se akRtrima sneha karatI ke lie dekhA jA sakatA hai| hai usI taraha dhArmika jana ko dekhakara sneha se prota14. prAvazyaka aparihANi prota ho jAnA pravacana vAtsalya hai / vAtsalya sabhI mAvazyaka praparihANi kA tAtparya hai Avazyaka sAdharmiyoM ke prati kiyA jAtA hai para bhakti apane kriyAoM meM hAni na hone denA / nAyA dhamma kahAno se bar3oM ke prati hotI hai| meM mAtra Avazyaka kahA gayA hai / sAmAyika, catu- nAyAdhammakahAmo meM ina Sor3asa bhAvanAoM ke vicatistava, vandanA. pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna aura atirikta siddha vatsalatA, sthavira vatsalatA, tapasvI kAyotsarga ina chaha Avazyaka kriyAoM ko yathA- vatsalatA paura prapUrva jJAna grahaNa ina cAra bhAvanAoM kAla niyamita va svAbhAvika krama se karate rahanA ko pora jor3a diyA gayA hai| prathama tIna bhAvanAyeM

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2-97 mahada bhakti prAcArya bhakti aura bahuzruta bhakti ve apekSAkRta adhika spaSTa haiM / donoM kI paramparAmoM se pRthaka nahIM tathA apUrvajJAnagrahaNa mabhIkSNa jJAno- ko jaina paramparA se minAne para jaina paramparA payoga kA hI prakArAntara hai / prAcInatama dikhAI detI hai / bauddha paramparA meM pAra___ isa prakAra janadharma va bauddhadharma meM varNita mitAmoM kA pAlekhana uttarakAlIna haiM / sambhava tIrthakaratva evaM buddhatva prApti ke nimittoM ko hai dIghanikAya meM varNita nimittoM kA yaha saMkSipta tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekhane para spaSTa prAbhAsa hotA rUpa ho / phira bhI sabhI srotoM ke prAcIna rUpa para hai ki ve eka dUsare kI paramparA se bhalIbhAMti vicAra karane se jaina paramparA adhika prAcIna va paricita rahe haiN| dIghanikAya ullikhita nimitta vaijJAnika pratIta hotI hai| bauddha parampara usase paraspara mizrita haiM jabaki amidharma vinizcaya sUtra meM prabhAvita rahI hogii| 1. tatvArtha sUtra, 6.24 2. nAyAdhamma kahAmo, 8 3. tatvArthAdhigama sUtra, svopajJa bhASA TIkAlaMkRta-siddhasenagaNi, bhAga 2, pR:38 tatvArthAdhigama bhASya TIkA-haribhadrasUri 6.23, pR. 27812 . 1. vizeSa dekhie-sAmatAnI, ena. eca.-A frest light on the interpretation of the thirty two Maha. purusha Lakshanas of the Buddha. bhAratI, 6. bhAga / / 1962-63 5. artha vinizcayasUtra va usakI TIkA, vahI, 6. Agpacts of Mahayana Buddhism and its relation to Hinavana q. 11 7: divyAvadAna, pR. 95 lalitavistara, pR. 345 8: dIghanikAya ajinopadiSTe ninthe mokSavama'ni ruci; niHzaGkitatvAdyaSTAGgA darzanavizuddhiH-tatvArtha vArtika, 6.24; sarvArthasiddhi, 6.24 10: tatvArthavArtika, 6.24 11. lakkhaNasutta, dIghanikAya 12. sAtatyasatkRtya kuzala prayoga sampannatA / 13. dRDhasamAdAnatvAtkarmavat-abhisamayAlaMkArAloka / dahasamAdAno ahosi-dIrthAna, 14. samyagjJAnAdiSu mokSasAdhaneSu tatsAdhaneSu gurvAdiSu ca svayogyavRtyA satkAra prAdaraHkaSAya nivRttirvA vinayasampannatA-tatvArthavArtika-6.24 15 ahiMsAdiSu vrateSu tatparipAlanArtheSu ca krodhavarjanAdiSu zIleSu nikhadyA vRtti kAyavAGa manasAM zIlavateSvanaticAra iti kthyte,-vhii|| zIlamuttara guNA:piNDavizuddhi samiti bhAvanA"...."sikhasena TIkA / 16. jJAnabhAvanAyAM nityayuktatA jJAnopayogaH-tatvArthavArtika-6.24.

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2-98 17. jIvAdipadArthasvatatvaviSaye samyagjJAne nityaM yuktatA prabhISaNa zAnopayogA-sarvArthasikhi, pR, 163 18. siddhasena TIkA 19. saMsAra duHkhAnnitya bhIrutA saMvega:-tatvArtha vArtika. .24 20. ciyAe tyAgena yatijanocita dAnena-nAyASamma, 7.69 abhayadeva TIkA 21. svasya nyAyAjitasyAnukampA, nirjitAtmAnugrahAlambanaM bhUtebhyo vizeSatastu viSitA yatijanAya dAnam / 22. paraprItikaraNAtisarjanaM tyAgaH-tatvArthavArtika; tacchaktito yathAvidhi prayujyamAna tyAga ityucyate-sarvArthasiddhi / 23. tatvArtha vArtika 6.24; 24. lakkhaNasutta, 25. tatvArtha vArtika, 6,24 26. vahI 27. yathAsambhavamabhigamanavandanaparyupAsanayathAvihitakramapUrvakAdhyayanazravaNazraddhAnalakSaNA-siddhasena ttiikaa| 28. tatvArtha vArtika, 6.24 29. samyagdarzanAde mokSimArgasya nihatya mAnaM karaNopadezAmyAM prabhAvanA-bhASya / 30. tatvArtha vArtika

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hindI sAhitya gavAna mahAvIra svAmI bhagavAn varddhamAna aura jainadharma : bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI jainadharma ke caubIsaveM aura antima tIrtha kara the| jainadharma jIvana-dharma, mAnaba-dharma aura sahaja-dharma hai| jo use apane jIvana meM siddha aura prakaTa karate haiM, ve tIrtha kara ke nAma se sambodhita kie jAte haiN| zramaNa-saMskRti mAnava-saMskRti hai| usane hamAre sAhitya ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| usameM ganuSyatA kA ujjvala rUpa nihita hai aura sAhitya vAstava meM mAnava aura mAnavatA kI rasapUrNa-mArmika gAthA tathA camatkArita abhivyakti hai| isa dRSTi se jaina-dharma sAhitya kI mAtmA ke adhika nikaTa AtA dikhAI detA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI (540 IsvI pUrva468 IsvI pUrva) ke jIvana-caritra, vyaktitva aura jIvana darzana ne samUce bhAratIya sAhitya ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| tIsa varSa kI Ayu meM unhoMne rAja-vaibhavAdi tyAga diyA thaa| unhoMne bAraha varSa taka kaThora tapasyA kI thii| ve manuSya mAtra ko duHkha se mukta karAne ke lie tapasyA kara rahe the aura kaSTa sahana kara rahe the parantu viDambanA yaha thI ki manuSya unako duHkha pahuMcA rahe the| rASTrakavi maithilIzaraNa gupta ke zabdoM meM kaha sakate haiM: jitane kaSTa-kaNTakoM meM hai jinakA jIvana-sumana khilA, gaurava-gandha uttama unheM utanA hI atra-tatra-sarvatra milaa| 'nirAlA' bhI kahate haiM : maraNa ko jisane varA hai, usI ne jIvana bharA hai paura sUkhI rI yaha DAla, basataM bAsantI legii| DA. bamInArAyaNa dube - sAgara vi. vi., sAgara

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2-100 42 varSa kI Ayu meM jambhikA prAma ke nikaTa mAnava jaina haiN| caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM meM se prAdi RjukulA saritA ke taTa para ve 'sarvajJa' athavA tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva, paMcama tIrthaGkara sumatinAtha, 'jina' yA 'mahAvIra' khlaae| jina kA artha praSTama tIrthaGkara candraprabha, terahaveM tIrthaGkara vimalavijayI hotA hai| hamAre kaviyoM ne unako unake nAtha, solahaveM tIrtha kara zAntinAtha, bAisaveM guNAzrita pAMca nAmoM se samboSita kiyA hai : vIra, tIrthakara neminAtha, teisaveM tIrtha kara pArzvanAya, ativIra, mahAvIra, sanmati tathA varddhamAna / ve pratima tIrthakara mahAvIra svAmI ke jIvana-caritra siddhazilA the kyoMki yaha bhagavAn mahAvIra kI ko lekara hindI meM vipula sAhitya likhA gayA jIvana-sAdhanA ke caramotkarSa-mokSa kA pratIka hai| hai| bhagavAna neminAtha para jitanA hindI meM ve nimrantha the isIlie jainadharma nirgrantha dharma ke sAhitya likhA gayA hai| utanA kisI bhI tIrtha kara nAma se bhI vizruta huprA kyoMki isameM mohamAyA para nahIM, yahAM taka ki mahAvIra svAmI para bhI kI granthi kA unmUlana hI sarvasva hai| ve sAmAjika nhiiN| hindI ke sAhityakAroM ke madhya sarvAdhika tathA prAdhyAmika saMgharSa ke saphala senAnI the| ve pratiSThita aura lokapriya bhagavAna neminAtha hI ahiMsA ke avatAra the| ve jIvana-kamala the unhoMne dikhAyI par3ate haiM / unake bAda kahIM mahAvIra svAmI, rAjanaitika aura sAmAjika jIvana bhI mogA aura pArzvanAtha aura RSabhadeva pAte haiN| RSabhadeva kA usakI carama pariNati mAdhyAtmika jIvanacakra pAkhyAna zrImadbhAgavata meM bhI pAyA hai aura unheM meM kii| ve preya se zreya kI mora unmukha hue| hinduoM ke avatAroM meM bhagavAna buddha kI bhAMti grahaNa ve mAnava se bhagavAna bane / ve jinendra aura kiyA gayA hai| jinezvara the| ve kSamA ke devatA aura sAkAra sAhitya ke preraNA-srota : nirvANasvarUpa the| dIrgha tapasvI mahAvIra ne uttara bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmo sAhitya ke preraNApradeza, bihAra tathA pazcima baMgAla kA bhramaNa kara srota rahe haiN| mukhyataH dasavIM ekAdaza zatAbdI se apane yuga ke samAja ko nirakhA-parakhA thaa| ve lekara pandrahavIM zatAbdI taka jainAcAryoM dvArA yuga-dharma kI vibhUti the aura isIlie unhoMne likhita puSkala sAhitya meM ve caritra nAyaka ke rUpa kaliyuga meM dharmayuga kI saccI sthApanA kI thii| meM pratiSThita haiN| isa samayAvadhi meM hindI meM unake inhIM guNoM ne hamAre sAhityakAroM ko uccastarIya aura pRthula jaina sAhitya racA gayA hai AkRSTa, mugdha aura mantra-mohita kiyA hai| jisakI gaNanA zreSTha bhAratIya sAhitya meM bhalIbhAMti sAhitya ke sAgara : tIrthaGkara : - kI jA sakatI hai| / mUlata. aura pradhAnata: jana sAhitya ne prAkRta bhagavAn mahAvIra sva mI ne jaina-darzana ko tathA prarddha mAgadhI bhASA kI zrIvRddhi kI hai| maulika pradeya die haiM jinase hamArA hindI-sAhitya unake atirikta saMskRta tathA hindI sAhitya meM anugRhIta huA hai| zramaNa-saMskRti ke paramparAgata bhI tadviSayaka vipula starIya bhora samRddha sAhitya mahAvratoM arthAt ahiMsA, satya, asteya maura likhA gayA hai / jaina-dharma vizva ke prAcIna dharmoM aparigraha meM brahmacarya ko saMlagna-sambaddha karake, meM se eka rahA hai| mohanajodar3o, har3appA ke mahAvIra ne jaina-mata ke parama tathA pramukha unnAyaka utkhanana kArya aura Rgveda yajurveda ke sAhitya meM hone ke gaurava ko prApta kiyA hai / isake sAkSya vidyamAna haiN| Rgveda tathA yajurveda jaina-dharma kA prabhAva hameM hamAre sAhitya meM meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva aura bhagavAna neminAtha ke cAra rUpoM meM spaSTatayA dikhAyI detA hai :nAmoM kA ullekha milatA hai / bhAva aura adhunAtana (ka) jaina-dharma ..

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(kha) jaina darzana (ga) jaina- saMskRti maura (gha) jaina-yuga jaina darzana kI gaNanA saMsAra ke pradhAna mora prabuddha darzanoM meM kI jAtI hai| usakA bhanekAntavAda samarasatA, vizvazAMti, bhrAtRtva aura mAnavaprema kI rAmabANa auSadhi hai / madhyakAlIna kAvya meM mahAvIra svAmI : hindI ke madhyakAla meM uttarArddha meM bundelakhaMDa meM eka hindI jaina kavi navalazAha dvArA racita 'varddhamAna- purANa' hI eka aisI kRti hai jise prabandha-kAvya kahA jA sakatA hai| isake sampAdaka paM0 pannAlAla sAhityAcArya ne ise mahAkAvya praura dharmazAstra donoM hI rUpoM meM nirUpita kiyA hai / kavi ne isa mahAna kAvya grantha kA nirmANa saMvat 1825 meM bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti dvArA viracita saMskRta grantha ke AdhAra para kiyA hai / isa grantha ko bhArata ke mUrdhanya vidvAn zrI bhagaracanda nAhaTA ne hindI * jagat se paricita karAyA / prastuta kAvya 16 adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai / isameM dohA, caupAI, paddhaDI, chappaya, carcarI, tribhaMgI Adi solaha prakAra ke chaMdoM kA prayoga milatA hai / sarvAdhika prayukta chaMda copAI hai| kula 3806 padyoM meM se 2966 padya caupAI chaMda meM hai / racanAkAra ne solaha ke mahatva kA pratipAdana nimna zabdoM meM kiyA hai- Urdhva loka SoDasa saragakara, puNya lahai avatAra tina yaha SoDasa saragakara, lono granthahi pAra / SoDasa kalA ju candramA, pUranamAsI jAna / tina SoDasa adhyAyakara, pUrana bhayo purAna / jyoM bhAminI upamA base, lahi SoDasa zRMgAra / yaha purAna anupama larsa, kari SoDasa adhikAra / kAvya ke prathama adhikAra meM maMgalAcaraNa prAdi milate haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI kA caritra dvitIya adhikAra se prArambha hotA hai jo SaSTha kAra taka pravahamAna hai| inameM unake pUrvajanma 2-101 ke. vRttAntoM kA ullekha hai / saptama adhikAra meM unake garbha meM Ane, bhraSTama meM janma hone, navamameM bAlyAvasthA tathA vairAgya kI sthiti bhaura dasaveM meM dIkSA evaM tapasyA ke ullekha milate haiM / ekAdaza adhikAra meM kevalajJAna tapasyA tathA samavazaraNa kA varNana hai / dvAdaza meM gautama ityAdi gaNadharoM ke pratibodha kA varNana ke sAtha hI sAtha pandrahaveM adhyAya taka mahAvIra svAmI ke upadeza pravacana evaM tatva-cintana ke varNana milate haiM / antima solahaveM adhikAra meM mahAvIra svAmI ke bihAra tathA mokSa prApti ke tadanantara graMtha kI samApti hai / uparilikhita graMtha ke atirikta madhyakAla ke hindI sAhitya meM koI dUsarA prabandha kAvya dekhane ko nahIM milA / hindI ke madhyakAlIna kAvya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ko lekara aneka sphuTa, dhArmika, bhakti tathA upadezAtmaka kAvya likhe gaye / madhyakAla kI sambandhita racanAtroM ko hama tIna zreNiyoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM (ka) bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI se sambancita racanAeM / (kha) cobIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM se eka tIrthaMkara ke rUpa se sambandhita racanAe~ / (ga) unake yuga tathA bhaktoM se sambandhita racanAe~ | (ka) jaina bhakti kAvya ke ne bhagavAn gahAvIra svAmI kA adhikAMza kaviyoM smaraNa kiyA hai / paM0 bhagavatIdAsa (vi0 sa0 1680) ne apanI kRtiyAM samrATa jahAMgIra ( san 1606 - 1627 ) aura samrATa zAhajahAM (1627- 1658) ke zAsanakAla meM likhI jinakI kula saMkhyA paccIsa batAyI jAtI hai| inakI eka padya kRti 'vIra jinendra pIta' meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI stuti milatI hai /

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2-102 pANDe rUpacanda (vi0 sa0 1680-1694) jinendra ke prati aTUTa bhakti ko sArthaka abhivyakti jaina kavi banArasIdAsa ke parama mitra the| unhoMne milI hai| apane 'maMgala gIta prabandha' yA 'paMca maMgala' meM (kha) hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya meM caubIsa tIrthatIrtha kara ke yama, janma, tapa, jJAna aura mokSa ko karoM kI stuti meM vipula racanAeM likhI gayI haiM lekara bhaktipUrNa padoM kI sRSTi kI thii| yaha jinameM se eka bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI bhI the| atyanta lokapriya racanA huii| udayarAja jatI (samvat 1667) ne do sau yazovijaya upAdhyAya (saM0 1680-1743) savaiyoM meM 'caubIsa jina sarvayA' nAmaka kRti likhI ne apane pacahattara muktaka padoM ke kAvya 'jasa / jo ki bhakti rasa kI dRSTi se atyuttama hai| vilAsa' meM jinendra ke prati apanI pUrNa bhakti prakaTa jina harSa ne paccIsa padyoM meM 'caubIsI' likhI kI hai| jisameM saMgItAtmaka rUpa meM caubIsa tIrthakaroM kI lAlacanda labdhodaya (saMvat 1707) ne stuti milatI hai| 'padminI caritra' ke maMgalAcaraNameM bhagavAna jinendra bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne 'caturviMzati jina stuti' kI stuti kI hai| mora 'tIrthakara jayamAlA' nAmaka kRtiyAM likhI / .. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa (saMvat 1731-1752) dyAnatarAya ne 'dazasthAna caubIsI' meM caubIsa ke 'brahma-vilAsa' meM eka bhakta bhagavAna jinendra kI tIrthakara kI dasa bAtoM kA varNana kiyA hai| puSpoM se pUjA karatA humA kAmadeva se mukti pAne vidyAsAgara ne kula sattAisa chappayoM meM bhUpAla kA nivedana karatA hai| stotra (samvat 1730) meM caubIsa tIrthakara kI dyAnatarAya (sAhityika kAla saMvat 1780) stuti gAyI hai| . ke 'bhAratI-sAhitya' meM varddhamAna svAmI kI bhI bulAkIdAsa (samvat 1737-1755) ke caubIsa prAratI milatI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI bhakti tIrthakaroM se sambandhita 'jaina-caubIsI' meM 196 meM racita caturtha bhAratI meM unakI samyak manuSTupa chaMda haiN| stuti hai __ lakSmIvallabha ke 'caubIsa stavana' nAmaka muktaka rAga-vinA saba jaga jana tAre, kAvya meM vibhinna rAga-rAginiyoM ke padoM meM caubIsa dveSa vinA saba karama vidAre / tIrthakaroM ke prati kavi kI pUrNa AsthA milatI hai / karoM bhAratI varddhamAna kI, . vinodIlAla (samvat 1760) ke 'caturviMzati pAvApura niravAna thAna kii| jina stavana savaiyAdi' meM 71 savaiyA milate haiN| zIla dhuraMdhara zivatiya bhogI, bundelakhaNDa ke gopIlAla jI ne bhI caubIsa manavacakAyani kahiye yogI // tIrthakaroM kI stuti gAyI hai| karoM bhAratI varddhamAna kii| (ga) madhyakAla ke hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya meM pAvApura niravAna thAna kii| bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke tatkAlIna yuga aura vidyAsAgara (samvat 1734) ne bhaTThArahavIM unake bhaktoM ko bhI sambandhita racanAoM meM paryApta zatI ke prathama caraNa meM nau padyoM kI solaha svapna tathA saphala sthAna milA hai| sampaya' nAmaka kRti 'jina-janma mahotsava SaTapada' jisa prakAra dharmasUri ne terahavIM zatAbdI meM meM bhAvAna jinendra ke janmotsava kI sundara jhAMkI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakAlIna aura parama bhakta prastuta kI hai| ekAdaza padyoM ke 'darzanASTaka tathA. jambU svAmI para 'jambU svAmI rAsA' likhA thA, cAlIsa padyoM ke 'viSApahAra chappaya' meM bhagavAn : usI prakAra pANDe jinadAsa ne samvat 1642 meM

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2-103 'jambUsvAmI caritra' kI racanA kI thii| yaha caritra (ka) prabandha kAvya meM mahAvIra : bhASA tathA bhAva donoM hI dRSTiyoM se zreSTha hai| san 1961 meM anUpa zarmA ne 'varddhamAna' nAmaka jambU svAmI jainoM ke aMtima kevalI the| mahAkAvya likhA jise bhArata kI zreSTha saMsthA jinaharSa ne samvat 1724 meM bhagavAna mahAvIra bhAratIya jJAnapITha ne prakAzita kiyA thA / prAmukha ke niSNAta bhakta mahArAjA zreNika ke caritra para rUpa meM prasiddha vidvAn zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ne vistRta * 'zreNika caritra' nAmaka kAvya likhaa| tathA sAra-gabhita bhUmikA likhI hai| prastAvanA ke __ lakSmIvallabha ne 18vIM zatAbdI ke dvitIya rUpa meM mahAvIra kA saMkSipta jIvana-vRtta diyA gayA caraNa meM 96 padyoM meM 'mahAvIra gautama svAmI chaMda' hai| sampUrNa kAvya satraha sagoM meM vibhAjita hai| nAmaka kAvya likhA jisameM mahAvIra svAmI mora prArambhika sAta sarga pRSTha-bhUmi kA kArya karate haiN| unake pradhAna gaNadhara gautama kI stuti gAyI aSTama sarga meM mahAvIra kA janma hotA hai / saMskRta gayI hai| ke prAcIna mahAkAvyoM kI zAstrIya zailI kA kuzalatApUrvaka nirvAha kiyA gayA hai / 'hariaudha' ke prAdhanika sAhitya meM mahAvIra : "priyapravAsa' kA spaSTa prabhASa lakSita hotA hai / prAdhunika hindI sAhitya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra mahArAja siddhArtha mora unakI dharmapatnI trizalA ke svAmI ko pramukha pratipAdya viSaya banAkara vipula gRhastha-jIvana, trizalA ke garbha se mahAvIra kA janma, sAhitya likhA gayA hai / yaha donoM vidhAoM meM upa- unakI bAlyAvasthA, gRha-tyAga, vikaTa tapasyA, jJAna labdha hai: prApti, dharmopadeza, vIra-vandanA, mahAparinirvANa (ka) padya-sAhitya aura mAdi kA vizada kAvyAtmaka varNana milatA hai| (kha) gadya-sAhitya chandoM meM vaMzastha vRtta kA prAdhAnya hai| zAsta rasa bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke jIvana-caritra ko ko pramukhatA milI hai| RtanoM aura prakRti ke lekara hindI meM nimna prakAra kI racanAeM likhI manorama citra milate haiN| mahAvIra ke caritra ke gayI haiM : vikAsa ko rekhAmoM meM gaharA raMga diyA gayA hai| ve (ka) prabandha-kAvya cintaka aura dayAlu haiN| saMskRta-garmita zuddha khar3I (kha) skuTa-kAvya bolI kA sarvatra prayoga milatA hai / rAnI trizalA kA (ga) prazasti-kAvya mAlaMkArika rUpa citraNa isa prakAra hai jisase bhASA (gha) loka-kAvya aura . zailI kI bhI bAnagI milatI hai: (Ga) anuvAda-kAvya / prabhA zaraccandra-marIci-tulya hai, inakA vistRta pratipAdana adhorUpeNa hai| binA zaratkaMja-samAna netra kii| kAvya ke dhIrodAtta nAyaka : vartamAna : . zubhA zarada-haMsa-samA sucAla hai, prAcIna tathA arvAcIna hindI-kAvya meM bhagavAna vizAla terI chavi vAma-locane / / mahAvIra svAmI ko zreSTha kAvya-puruSa ke rUpa meM isa kRti meM mahAkAvya ke zAstrIya lakSaNoM kA citrita kiyA gayA hai| hamAre yahAM saMskRta ke saphalatApUrvaka nirvAha kiyA gayA hai| yaha kAvya prAcAryoM ne kAvya meM jo cAra prakAra ke nAyaka mUlataH bhakti tathA vairAgya ke bhAvoM kA saMvAhI haiN| nirUpita kie haiM, unameM mahAvIra dhIrodAta nAyaka kavi svAbhAvika rUpa meM samanvayavAdI hai| isIlie kI samasta vizeSatAoM se bhalI-bhAMti pratipAdita usane digambara tathA zvetAmbara mAnyatAmoM ko kiye gaye haiN| sundaratApUrvaka saMyukta kara diyA hai| anUpa zarmA ne fm

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-2-104 apane isa mahAkAvya ke mAdhyama se bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI kI kAvyamaya mUrti kI racanA kI hai jo ki yuga-yugAntara taka vandanIya banI rahegI lalATa pe eka anUpa jyoti hai, prasannatA zrAnana meM virAjatI / manojJatA zobhita aMga-aMga meM, pavitratA hai pada-paduma cUmatI / kavi ne ina zabdoM meM vIra-vandanA kI hai : praraNAma zrI sAgara jJAna-sindhu ko praNAma bhU-bhUpa vizva-bandhu ko namAmi satyArtha prakAza bhAnu ko, namAmi tatvArtha vikAsa sAnu kA mahAvIra kI maulika dena ina zabdoM meM Abaddha ho gayI hai : hai : manuSya asteya- vicAra-yukta jo vahI vratI mAdaraNIya hai sadA / na pAlatA jo jana brahmacarya hai, use nahIM prAspada mokSa kA milA // dUsarA mukhya siddhAnta ina paMktiyoM meM mA pAyA sadA hasA rakhanA sva-dharma hai, pradatta lenA apanA na karma hai / manuSya jo uttama prAtma-nigrahI, unheM avizvAsa sadA pra-dharma hai / kavi prapane mahAkAvya kI parisamApti isa avataraNa se karatA hai : bhayo, hai yaha medinI zivira-sI jAnA par3egA kabhI, bhAge kA patha jJAta hai na, isase sadbuddhi prAye na kyoM ? le lo sAdhana dharma ke, na tumako vyApe vyathA anyathA, hai jainendra- padAravinda - taraNI saMsAra-payodhi kI // paccIsa sau veM mahAvIra - nirvANetsavo kI eka apUrva smRti ke rU+ meM raghuvIrazaraNa 'mitra' kA 'vIrAyaNa' nAmaka mahAkAvya hAla hI meM prakAzita hudhA hai / mahAkAvya ke pazcAt svAbhAvika rUpa meM khaNDa kAvya kI sthiti bhAtI hai / uparicita kavi navalazAha ke 'varddha mAna carita' nAmaka kAvya ko carita kAvya kahA jA sakatA hai| isameM varddhamAna svAmI ke pUrvabhavoM kA bhI citraraNa hai / RSabha bhagavAna ke mokSa taka kI gAthA dI gayI hai / isa carita-kAvya ke solaha afari meM prakhyAta chandoM kA upayoga milatA hai / - tAtvika vivecana adhika vistRta hai| isa kRti ko . bhASA meM braja, bundelI tathA khar3I bolI kA samucita mizraNa hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM mahArAnI priyakAriNI ke rUpa saundarya kA eka citra sarvathA hRSTavya hai : ambujaso juga pAya bane, nakha dekha nakhata bhayo bhaya bhArI / nUpura kI jhanakAra suneM, haga zora bhayoM dazahU diza bhArI || kandala thama bane juTa jaMdha, sucAla cale gaja kI piya pyArI // kIna bano kaTi kehari sau, tana dAminI hoya rahI laja sArI // nAbhi nivoriyasI nikasI, paDha hAvata peTa saMkucana dhArI / kAma kapiccha kiyo paTa bhantara, zIla sudhIra gharaM zravikArI // bhUSana bAraha bhAMtina ke pranta kaNTha meM jyAke jyoti lase adhikArI / dekhata sUraja candra chipe, mukha dAr3ima danta mahAchavikArI // dhanyakumAra jaina 'sudheza' ne 'virAga' nAmaka bhAvAtmaka khaNDakAvya meM satpatha ko prazasta kiyA hai / ise bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina saMgha mathurA ne prakAzita kiyA hai / isake pAMca sargoM ke kathAnaka meM mahAbIra ke prantardvandva kA acchA citraraNa huA hai / mAtR hRdaya ke komala pakSoM ko bhI saphalatApUrvaka udghATita kiyA gayA hai| vizva kI kalA ne unheM rAjaprAsAda se dharatI para lAkara jana-mana kA bhagavAna banA liyA / isameM jananAyaka mahAvIra ke

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2-105 caritra para bhI acchA prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isa kAvya likhA gayA hai / mahAvIra ke caritra, vyaktitva kAvya meM Adhunika nArIcintana parilakSita hotA hai aura sandezoM ko lekara hindI meM sahasrAdhika banatI kaThaputalI pati kI, kavitAeM likhI gayI haiM / AvazyakatA isa bAta kI jisa dina kara hote pIle / hai ki ina sabako khoja karake, saMkalita sampAdita pati icchA para hI nirbhara, karake, mahAvIra-nirvANa paccIsa sau varSa ke avasara ho jAte svapna raMgIle / / para bhAratIya jJAnapITha dvArA granthAkAra rUpa meM kevala vilAsa sAmagrI, prakAzita kara diyA jAya tAki eka hI hI mAnI jAtI llnaa| sthAna para saralatA-suvidhApUrvaka samasta kavitAoM gRhiNI ko ghara meM lAkara, kA prAsvAdana, adhyayana-anuzIlana kiyA jA sake / ve samajhA karate cerI / / sAgara ke ThAkura lakSmaNa siMha cauhAna 'nirmama' kaba nArI apane khoye, ne 'he nigraMntha' zIrSaka se nirvANa-parva (dIpAvalI svatvoM ko prApta kregii| san 1970) para apanI kAvya-pustikA prakAzita kaba vaha nija jIvana pustaka; kI hai| isameM mukhyatayA mahAvIra ke vyaktitva, kA nava adhyAya rcegii| sAMskRtika svarUpa aura sandezoM kA kAvyAtmaka mahAvIra-carita meM nArI kI bhora samyak rUpa pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / subhAva ye haiM :meM dRSTipAta karane kA zreya 'sudheza' ko hai / Adhunika he muktipurI ke nirdezaka, sAsyavAdI cintana bhI mahAvIra-vicAraNA ko hama ajJAta bandhoM ke, pAza meM, prabhAvita karatA dikhAI detA hai : baMdhakara raha gaye haiN| pUjIpati inake Azrita, binA nAvika ke, naukA para, raha sukha kI nidrA sote| savAra, dhArA meM baha gaye haiN| para zramika kRSaka-gaNa, aba, isa kaSTa se, samasyA se, jIvana bhara dukha kI gaTharI Dhote // gati se, isa paristhiti se / isa kAvya meM AdhunikatA kA aMza dikhAyI detA prAtmavimohana ke AkarSaNa se - hai| samatA, karuNA, sneha tathA samavedanA ke svaroM mukti tumhArI hI, kalA para, hai, nirbhraa| ko prAbalya milA hai| zailI parama projasvinI paura parameSThI dAsa 'nyAyatIrtha' ne 'mahAvIra-saMdeza' bhASA sugamya hai| eka Adhunika siddhAnta-pApI se ko kAvya kI ina lar3iyoM meM piroyA hai : ghRNA karI-ko mahAvIra apane siddhAntoM meM sthAna prema bhAva jaga meM phailA do, pradAna karate haiM : . karo satya kA nita vyavahAra / duSpApa avazya ghariNata hai, durabhimAna ko tyAga ahinsaka, para ghRNita nahIM hai paapii| bano yahI jIvana kA sAra // yadi sadvyavahAra karo vaha, bana udAra bhava tyAga dharma, bana sakatA puNya pratApI / / phailA do apanA deza videza / mahAvIra para likhita khaNDa tathA mahAkAvyoM meM 'dAsa' ise tuma bhUla na jAnA, yugIna cetanA pratiphalita hotI dikhAyI detI hai| hai yaha mahAvIra sandeza / / (ba) sphuTa kAvya meM mahAvIra : pratibhAvAna kavi vIrendra kumAra ne apanI bhagavAna mahAvIra para vipula mAtrA meM sphuTa sundara tathA sajIva kavitA 'vIra vandanA' meM

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2-106 mahAvIra ke tapasvI-sAdhaka vyaktitva kI prabhAvo- Akalana meM sarvAdhika madada milegii| mahAvIra tpAdaka chavi aMkita kI hai: lokagItoM ke loka-nAyaka rahe haiN| bundelI gharelU isa nikhila sRSTi ke aNu-aNu ke, lokagItoM meM mahAvIra viSayaka anekAneka gIta saMgharSa, viSamatA o, virodha, pracalita haiN| kalyANa-sarita meM DUba cale, (gha) prazastikAvya meM mahAvIra : ho gayA, vaira AmUla zodha / bhagavAna mahAvIra kI prazasti tathA stavana meM tere pada-nakha ke nirbhara taTa, hindI meM zatAdhika gItoM tathA kavitAoM kI saba siMha, memane mRgazAvaka, sRSTi huI hai| inameM mahAvIra kA sarvatomukhI rUpa pIte the pAnI eka sAtha, bhAsvara ho gayA hai| terI chAyA meM pro rakSaka / hindI meM aise bhI kAvya likhe gae haiM ki jina-cakravati, sAtoM tatvoM para, jinameM yA to caubIsoM tIrthaMkara kA stavana milatA humA tumhArA nava-zAsana / hai athavA katipaya tIrthakaroM kI prazasti milatI tInoM kAloM, tInoM lokoM para, hai| inake antargata bhI hamAre mahAvIra svAmI kA bichA tumhArA siMhAsana // hAla hI meM zrI vIrendra kumAra jaina kI mahA guNagAna milatA hai / guNabhadra dvArA likhita jina caturviMzati stuti, vinayaprabha kI paMca stutiyAM, vIra svAmI para eka kAvyakRti prakAzita huI hai| upAdhyAya jayasAgara dvArA likhita caturviMzatijinamuni vidyAvijayajI 'dIpa-mAlA' meM varddhamAna stuti, hIrAnanda sUri dvArA likhita vidyAvilAsa ke nirvANa kA smaraNa karate haiM : vappavADo, vinayacandra muni dvArA likhita caubIsa nIti rIti prIti tUrNa nInda meM gaI, tIrthaMkara deha-pramANa caupaI, aura bhavAnIdAsa dvArA jhUTha lUTa phUTa rAjya meM samA gii| . likhita caubIsa jinabola meM mahAvIra svAmI kA Iti bhIti dUra anya-tantratA gaI, stavana milatA hai| - dhanya hinda bhUmi dIpamAlA A gii| geha dvAra prAliye tharI lagA gaI, zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra, paTanAgaMja ramya dopa-jyoti kI lakhI mudrA aba gii| (rahalI : sAgara) dvArA prakAzita tathA khUbacandra varddha mAna dhIra vIra yAda A gaI, jaina 'puSkala' dvArA likhita pustikA, zrI digambara bandanA unheM karU praharda meM lii| jaina atizaya kSetra, paTanAgaMja kA paricaya meM paDakala' (ga) loka kAvya meM mahAvIra : dvArA likhita bhajana meM mahAvIra kI mahimA gAyI ___mahApuruSoM kI yaha vizeSatA hotI hai ki ve gayA hai / sAmAnya jana-jIvana kI cetanA meM praveza kara jAte paTanAgaMja ke mahAvIra hamArI pIra hro| haiM aura isIlie kAvya ke viSaya bana jAte haiM / madhyapradeza jilA sAgara meM hai rahalI tahasIla / mahAvIra svAmI bhI loka-kAvya ke viSaya haiN| una bahatI svarNabhadra kI dhArA sundara sarasa gambhIra para hindI kI aneka sthAnIya boliyoM aura jana- hamArI pIra haro / / padIya bhASAoM meM kavitAeM tathA gIta likhe gaye usake taTa para mUrti tumhArI, haiN| mahAvIra viSayaka loka-gItoM kA bhI pustakA- ratha meM baiThI prAna pdhaarii| kAra saMkalana kiyA jAnA caahie| isase vibhinna harSita hue sabhI nara-nArI bhaI acAnaka bhiir|| boliyoM aura loka-sAhitya meM mahAvIra ke svarUpa- hamArI pIra hro|

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zrI gaNeza digambara jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara kI zrI chAtra hitakAriNI sabhA dvArA prakAzita tathA premacandra 'divAkara' dvArA likhita 'bhagavAna mahAvIra' nAmaka pustikA meM mahAvIratarpaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai : satya ahiMsA syAdvAda kI, pIkara punaH sudhAmaya dhArA / bhakti bhAva se zraddhAMjali karatA, jagata samarpita sArA / jabalapura ke pAkSika 'zatAbdI-carcA' ke mahAvIra- vizeSAMka (san 1970 ) meM prakAzita kavitAoM meM mahAvIra kI saccI zraddhAMjali milatI haiM / hukumacanda 'anila' maMgalAcaraNa gAte haiM : tuma satya ahiMsA ke pratIka, jaya vandanIya zrI mahAvIra / dukhiyoM kI prAkara haro pIra, zrAzro zrAzro phira mahAvIra / / bAlamukunda 'nanda' mahAvIra kI jaya-jayakAra karate haiM : jise mAMganA mAMga le Akara bhAI ghar3I varadAna kI / eka sAtha jaya Akara bolo, mahAvIra bhagavAna kI // nAma ke tere dIpa jale, mandira aura tIrthaM mahAnoM meM / zramara kahAnI duniyA gAye, mahimA veda purANoM meM / saft lagI hai nAma kaSTa kI, camake jagamaga jyoti jJAna / eka sAtha jaya zrAkara bolo, mahAvIra bhagavAna kI / / lakSmIcanda jaina yuga-nirmAtA kA kaliyuga meM phera se AhvAna karate haiM : in bhArata gArata ho rahA Aja, prabhu usakI lAja bacA jAo / zrI dharma samanvita rAjanIti, netAnoM ko samajhA jAno / he yuga nirmAtA ! yuga sRSTA, kaliyuga meM phira se nA jAo || tAraNa taraNa samAja, sAgara dvArA prakAzita 'tAraNikA' (san 1969 ) meM prakAzita RRRSabha samayA kI kavitA kI ye paMktiyA~ mahAvIra svAmI para bhI caritArtha hotI haiM : bAdhAnoM meM muskAte jo, haMsa-haMsa jIvana jI jAte jo, vahI mahAna kahe jAte haiM, vahI javAna kahe jAte haiM / / 2-107 (r3a) anuvAda-kAvya : bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke caritra tathA citana ko lekara saMskRta, prAkRta tathA apabhraMza se hindI puSkala anuvAda- kAvya zrAyA hai jisase Adhunika hindI sAhitya kI zrIvRddhi huI hai / meM pandrahavIM zatI kI bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti dvArA racita saMskRta kI kAvyakRti 'vora vardhamAna carita' kA sundara anuvAda paM0 hIrAlAla zAstrI ne kiyA / kavi puSpadaMta kRta 'mahApurANa' tathA zrIcandrakRta 'kahAkosu' ke apabhraMza kAvyoM se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke caritra ko saMkalita kara use 'vIrajirigada cariu' ke rUpa meM DA0 hIrAlAla jaina ne hindI meM prastuta kiyA / saMskRta ke mUlakavi aga dvArA racita 'varSamAna purANa' kA hindI anuvAda paM0 pannAlAla sAhityAcArya ne kiyA / apabhraMza ke mahAkavi raghU ke 'sammaIji cariu' ke hindI anuvAda kA zreya DA0 rAjArAma jaina ko hai / paM0 becaradAsa jIvarAja dozI ne hindI meM 'viyAhapatisutta' ko prastuta karake aitihAsika kArya kiyA hai| isa sUtra meM gautama svAmI dvArA kiye gaye bhagavAna mahAvIra se chattIsa hajAra praznoM ke chattIsa hajAra samAdhAna zrAkalita haiM, jinase na ny

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2-108 kevala bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pratyuta jaina darzana kI vizAlatA tathA prAmANikatA siddha ho jAtI hai / katipaya hindI kaviyoM ne mahAvIra svAmI ke vyaktitva tathA siddhAntoM se sambandhita sUtroM kA sundara-parasa anuvAda kiyA hai| 'mahAvIrASTaka' ke dvitIya zloka kA anuvAda bhavAnI prasAda mizra kI lekhanI dvArA amara ho gayA hai-- kAMkha meM jinake nahIM hai lAla Dore bhakta mana ke nikaTa prakaTita dveSa lava jinake nihore ekaTaka, kamalAkSa, sphuTa mUrti prazamita, nitya-nirmala nayana-patha se hRdaya se AyeM, padhAre ve acaMcala | bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke paccIsa sau veM varSa ke upalakSya meM rAjasthAna ke eka kisAna-kavi bazIra ahamada 'mayUkha' ne zramaraNa- sUktoM kA anuvAda kara 'arhata' nAmaka grantha prakAzita kiyA hai / 'vyavahAra bhASya' ke saiMtAlIsaveM padya meM 'anekAMte'sabai vi hoti suddhA na suddho nayo usaDhDhANe || ko unhoMne yaha hindI rUpa pradAna kiyA hai citana kI pratyeka dRSTi apane vicAra ke kendra para hotI zuddha prabuddha vividha matoM kA koI bhI naya citana ke prAdhAra para hotA nahIM azuddha / gadya sAhitya meM mahAvIra bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke jIvana tathA darzana ko lekara hindI meM vizAla gadya sAhitya likhA gayA hai jisake tIna bhAga milate haiM- (3) lalita sAhitya (kha) samIkSAtmaka sAhitya (ga) patra-patrikAe (ka) lalita sAhitya isake antargata nATaka, upanyAsa tathA kahAnI kI vidhAeM prAtI haiN| nATaka : svargIya brajakizora 'nArayaNa' ne 'varddhamAna mahAvIra' na maka zreSTha nATaka likhA hai / isakA AkhyAna zvetAmbara jaina grAgama para zrAvRta hai / yaha raMgamaMcIya nATaka hai| isakI samasta ghaTa - nAeM dRzya haiN| isake abhinaya meM adhikatama do ghaNTe laga sakate haiM / isa nATaka kA mUla saMdeza zrahiMsA-pAlana hai / upanyAsa : zrI vIrendra kumAra jaina ne mahAvIra svAmI ke sampUrNa jIvana ko apane upanyAsa 'anuttara yogI' ke tIna khaNDoM meM bAMdha diyA hai / isa upanyAsa ko lokapriyatA prApta huI hai| jahAM prathama khaNDa meM 'vaizAlI kA vidrohI rAjakumAra' hai to dvitIya khaNDa meM 'asidhArA patha kA yAtrI' / upanyAsakAra ne duniyAM meM sarvaprathama eka zuddha sRjanAtmaka prayAsa dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra ko paccIsa sadI vyApI sampradAyikatA ke jar3a kArAgAra se mukta karake unheM nisarga vizva - puruSa ke rUpa meM prakaTa kiyA hai| isa upanyAsa meM mahAvIra kA vaha rUpa bhAyA hai jinhoMne zAsana sikke aura sampatti saMcaya kI anivArya mRtyu ghoSita karake, manuSya aura manuSya tathA manuSya zraura vastu ke bIca navamAMgalika sambandha kI udghoSaNA kI aura prasthApanA kI / kahAnI zrI bAlacandra jaina ke kahAnI - saMkalana 'AtmasamarpaNa' kI kahAnI 'moha- nivAraNa' meM samadarzI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI carcA AyI hai / isI saMkalana kI eka kahanI parivartana' meM samrAT zreNika ke mithyAbhimAna ke cUrNa hone kA AkhyAna milatA hai / . (kha) samIkSAtmaka sAhitya : bhagavAn mahAvIra svAbhI ke vyaktitva tathA kRtitva ke vividha pakSoM para prakAza DAlane vAle hindI meM aneka jaina nibaMdhakAra haiM jinake sarvatomukhI koTi ke tibaMdha sAhitya kI nidhi haiN| inameM zrI jugala

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2-100 kizora mukhtAra, muni zrI kalyANa vijaya, bAbU 'vaizAlI ke rAjakumAra' (DA0 nemIcaMda cana, kAmatA prasAda, bhayodhyA prasAda goyalIya, muni zrI tIrthakara vardhamAna mahAvIra' (zrI jayakizana prasAda kAMti sAgara, pro0 khuzAlacandra gorAvAlA, paM0 khaNDelavAla), 'bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA nAva zItala prasAda, paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, zrI agara- darzana', 'bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vizva ko dena' tIrthacaMdra nAhaTA, nyAyAcArya zrI darabArIlAla tathA kara bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra' (muni zrI yazovijaya), mahendrakumAra, siddhAnta zAstrI zrI hIrAlAla, zrI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke preraka saMsmaraNa' (muni mahendra jagamohanalAla evaM paM0 phUlacanda, nyAyatIrtha paM0 kumAra kamala), 'bhagavAna mahAvIra kI 1008 balabhadra, paM0 cainasukhadAsa tathA paM0 parameSThIdAsa, sUktiyAM' (rAjendra muni), 'bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vyAkaraNAcArya paM. baMzIdhara tathA zrI lakSmIcandra hajAra upadeza' (gaNeza muni), 'kuNDalapura ke rAjajaina mAdi ke nAma ullekhanIya hai| kumAra bhagavAn mahAvIra' (jayaprakAza zarmA), prAcArya tulasI muni, zrI jainendra kumAra tathA 'tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra' (Da* gokulacaMda jaina), prAcArya rajanIza jaina dharma ke hindI meM sarvazreSTha 'tIrthaMkara mahAvIra' / pAMca khaNDa (prAcArya prAnaMda ciMtaka haiN| RSi, muni mizrImala amara muni mAdi), 'bhagavAn ina varSoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI para aneka mahAvIra kI sAdhanA kA rahasya' tathA 'bhagavAn grantha line gye| bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala ke 'jana mahAvIra ke siddhAnta (muni nathamala) ityAdi ko dharma paricaya pustaka mAlA' ke antargata prAcArya parigaNita kiyA jA sakatA hai| tulasI (bhagavAn mahAvIra), muni rUpacanda (mahA- bhagavAn mahAvIra se sambandhita hindI ke vIra, mArksa aura gAMdhI), zrI cimana bhAI zAha vAGmaya ko prakAzita tathA prastuta karane vAlI (bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana darzana) aura zrI saMsthAnoM meM bhAratIya jJAnapITha, akhila bhArataRSabhadAsa rAMkA (mahAvIra- vyaktitva, upadeza aura varSIya digambara jaina vidvat pariSada, sAgara, vIra prAcArya mArga) ne vizeSa yoga dAna diyA hai| nirvANa grantha prakAzana, samiti, indaura, vIra sevA anya mahatvapUrNa granthoM meM 'bhagavAna mahAvIra : maMdira, dillI; jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura; eka zanuzIlana' (devendra muni zAstrI) 'bhagavAn vIra nirvANa-samiti, meraTha; pa. ToDaramala smAraka mahAvIra : prAdhunika sandarbha meM' (sampAdaka : DA0 bhavana, jayapura, digambara jaina sAhitya prakAzana kendra, narendra bhAnAvata), 'tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura dharmatIrtha' AgarA; jaina sAhitya prakAzana samiti, dillI%3B paura 'bhagavAn mahAvIra kaise bane' (grAyikA jJAna- digambara jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna, dillI: matI), 'bhagavAn mahAvIra kA divya jIvana' aura pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zoka saMsthAna, vArANasI; bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zikSA pada' (madhukara muni), jaina itihAsa nirmANa samiti, jayapura; akhila 'mahAvIra-vANI' (supArzva kumAra jaina), 'zramaNa bhAratIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha, bIkAnera; akhila bhagavAna mahAvIra kA Atma vijJAna' (kezaracada bhAratIya digambara jaina pariSad dillI; akhila dhUpiyA), 'mahAvIra : yuga aura jIvana-darzana' (DA0 bhAratIya digambara jaina zAstrI pariSad, bar3auta hIrAlAla jaina), 'tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakA zrI tAraka gurU jaina granthAlaya, padarADA; amara jaina sarvodaya tIrtha' (DA0 hukmacaMda bhArilla zAstrI), sAhitya saMsthAna, udayapura: bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala, 'bhagavAn mahAvIra' (vipina jArolI), 'tIrthaMkara bambaI; sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA; zrI kundakunda mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA', 'tIrthakara mahAvIra bhAratI, dillI; jaina vizva bhAratI, laaunuu| kI prAcArya paramparA (zrutabara aura sArasvatAcArya), mAdarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU, bhagavAn mahAvIra 2500

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22-110 vo nirdhAraNa mahotsava, mahAsamiti, dillI; zrI jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA; "Adi kI sevAe cirasmaraNIya haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra se sambandhita sAhitya ko yojanAbaddha rUpa meM prakAzita karane vAloM meM svargIyA zrImatI ramA jaina, sAhU zAMti prasAda jaina, prAcArya tulasI muni muni zrI vidyAnanda, prAcArya ratna deza - bhUSaNa, zrI RSabhadAsa zaMkA Adi ke nAma vizeSa smaraNIya haiM / (ga) patra-patrikAe~ : bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mahAparinirvANa ke paccIsa sau veM sAMskRtika avasara para hindI kI aneka patra-patrikAoMoM ne vizeSAMka prakAzita kiye jinameM starIya tathA vipula sAmagrI milatI haiM / inameM yugapradhAna prAcArya zrI tulasI muni ke tatvAvadhAna tathA DA0 mahAvIra gelar3A ke sampAdana meM jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM dvArA prakAzita 'tulasI- prajJA' ko viziSTa mahattA hai / isakA pravezAMka janavarI-mArca, 1975 meM prakAzita huprA / anya patra-patrikAoM meM 'tIrthakara' (sampAdaka : 'DA. nemIcanda jaina : indaura) ke 'nirvANa aMka' ( navambara, 1974 ) tathA 'varddhamAna aka' (apra ela, 1975), zrI amara bhAratI (prAgarA : sampAdaka : zrIcanda surAnA 'sarasa' evaM kalAkumAra ) ke do puSpoM meM 'zramaNa saMskRti vizeSAMka' (mArca-apraila evaM maI-jUna, 1970 ) tathA ' mahAvIra jayantI vizeSAMka' (apraila, 1975) 'jaina-jagata' ( bambaI : sampAdaka zrI RSabhadAsa zaMkA tathA zrI candanamala 'cAMda') ke 'parinirvANa vizeSAMka (navambara, 1974) tathA 'bhagavAn mahAvIra vandanA vizeSAMka' (disambara - janavarI, 1975), 'sUtrakAra' (kalakattA : sampAdaka : snehI zrAtmA) kA 'paccIsa sau vAM nirvAraNa varSa : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra viziSTAMka' (janavarI-pharavarI, 1975), 'mAloka' ( kAnoDa : sampAdaka : bedaprakAza pAlIvAla tathA sohana lAla 00 bIMga) kA 'mahAvIra nirvANa zatAbdI evaM paM0 'udaya' jaina prabhinandana vizeSAMka, (197375), 'mAlava praharI' (ujjaina : sampAdikA : kRSNA devI guptA) kA 'vIra parinirvANa vizeSAMka' (14 navambara, 197+ ), 'zatAbdI carcA ' ( jabalapura: sampAdaka vyohAra rAjendrasiMha, gaNeza prasAda nAyaka tathA zAligarAma nemA) kA 'mahAvIra jayantI samAroha vizeSAMka' (1970), 'prati pravAha' (durga : sampAdaka : bI0 ela0 jaina) kA 'mahAvIra jayantI vizeSAMka' ( 22 apraila, 1975) bhAdi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / rAjasthAna jaina sabhA, jayapura zrI kapUracaMda pATanI kI adhyakSatA tathA zrI bhaMvaralAla polyAkA ke pradhAna sampAdakatva evaM sampAdaka maNDala ke parAmarza- nirdezana meM prativarSa mahAvIra jayantI para 'mahAvIra jayantI smArikA' prakAzita karatI hai jo ki utkRSTa koTi kI hai : bhagavAn mahAvIra paccIsa sau vAM nirvANa mahotsava samiti zrI akSayakumAra jaina tathA zrI ela0 ela0 acchA ke sampAdana meM apanA mukhapatra 'vIra parinirvANa' prakAzita kara rahI hai| kAnor3a se zrI vipina jArolI ke sampAdana meM 'mahAvIra nirvANa zatAbdI smArikA' (24 apraila, 1965) prakAzita huI / samApana evaM niSkarSa bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ne na kevala hindI apitu vizva ke sAhityakAroM tathA cintakoM ko anuprerita tathA anuprANita kiyA hai / una jaisA dhIrodAtta nAyaka prApta kara hindI sAhitya kRtakArya huA hai / vaise hI pUrva rUpa se hindI kA jaina sAhitya atyanta vizada rahA hai parantu bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke mahAparinirvANa ko aitihAsika belA meM jo hindI vAGmaya zrAyA hai vaha vizva sAhitya kI akSaya nidhi hai / hindI meM bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI para likhita samasta lalita tathA zAstrIya sAhitya ko sUcIbaddha karake usakA vidhivat tathA vyavasthita prakAzana honA caahie|

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prAraNI kA uddhAra karegA mahAvIra sandeza tumhArA zrI anUpacanda nyAyatIrtha, jayapura tumane aise sUtra diye haiM jinameM jaga kalyANa nihita hai 'dUra karo rAgadi kaSAyeM inase kitanA huA ahita hai hiMsAdika pAMcoM pApoM kA nizcita hI hogA nipaTArA // 1 // 'nahIM satApro kisI jIva ko saba meM prANa eka se hote apanI sukha suvidhA ke kAraNa kyoM auroM ke zUla cubhote para pIr3A duHkhoM kA kAraNa, ataH dveSa se karo kinArA // 2 // satya ahiMsA para dRr3ha raha kara Agraha chor3a samanvaya lAmo syAvAda aura anekAMta ke dRSTikoNa ko saba apanAyo vastu svabhAva samajha lo pUrA isa hI meM uddhAra tumhArA / / 3 / / saMgraha karanA pApa nahIM, para parigraha kI mamatA ko tyAgo

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112 icchAeM bar3ha rahIM, roka do AzA tRSNA dUra bhagA doM sadA sukhI apane ko mAno Apasa meM karake baTavArA // 4 // "hai samAna adhikAra sabhI ko Uca nIca kA bheda haTAyo koI choTA bar3A nahIM hai sabako apane gale lagAyo" vizva-maitrI pATha paDhAyo isa hI meM sammAna tumhArA // 5 // rUDhi aMdha vizvAsa miTAkara aba viveka kA dIpa jalA lo samyak zraddhA jJAna AcaraNa jIvana meM pUrA apanA lo saba dharmoM kA karo samAdara isa hI meM kalyANa tumhArA // 6 // 'prAtma prazaMsA para niMdA taja nija svabhAva se nAtA jor3o moha mamatva tyAgakara anupama parapariNati se muMha ko mor3o avinAzI pada pAyo isase miTa jAve saMsAra tumhArA / prANI kA uddhAra karegA mahAvIra saMdeza tumhArA / /

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rAjasthAna meM sabase U~cA zikhara kAparar3A tIrtha

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prArya bhaTTa aura una para jaina jyotiSa kA prabhAva vaidya prakAzacandra 'pAMDyA' prAyurvedAcArya, sAhityaratna peca eriyA, bhopAlagaMja, bhIlavAr3A ( rAja0 ) bhAratIya vaijJAnikoM ne 19 apraila 1975 ko antarikSa meM jisa bhAratIya gaNitajJa ke ' nAma se upagraha kA prakSepaNa kiyA, ve prArya bhaTTa kusumapura ke ( paTanA ke pAsa) rahane vAle the / svayaM ne apane gaNitasAra kI prathama zrAryA meM likhA hai 'prAyaM bhaTTasa tviha nigadahi kusumapure'mbhacitaM jJAnam / ' 6 kintu, kaI vidvAn inako vartamAna kusumapura (paTanA) ko yaha sthAna nahIM mAnate / unakA kahanA hai ki isa prAnta meM 'Arya siddhAnta' kA pracAra bilkula nahIM hai| DA. kerna ne jina pratiyoM ke mAdhAra para 'Arya-siddhAnta' ko pAyA hai ve tInoM malayAlama lipi meM thI .......sudUra dakSiNa bhArata meM bhaura vizeSataH mAlAbAra prAnta meM bhI isakA pracAra hai| udhara jina prAntoM meM tAmIla maMlayAlI lipiyoM kA vyavahAra hotA hai, unameM saura mAna kA paMcAMga calatA zrIra vaha zrArya pakSIya hai / " isase anumAna hotA hai ki Arya bhaTTa kA kusumapura kadAcit dakSiNa meM hogA / isIlie kaI vidvAn inheM dakSiNa bhArata ke azmaka nAmaka sthAna para paidA huA mAnate haiM / zrApakA janma samaya san 176 (zAke 398 ) meM mAnA jAtA hai / apane janma samaya ke sambandha meM kAlakriyApAda meM unhoMne likhA hai ' SaSThyadvAnAM SaSTiyaMdA vyatItAstrayazca yugapAdAH / ' adhikA viMzatiradvAstadeha mama janmano tItA / " isase ve tIna yugapAda aura 3600 varSa bItane ke samaya 23 varSa ke ho cuke the| para, unakA yaha samaya honA ThIka pratIta nahIM hotaa| kyoMki, ye varAhamihira ke pahile ho cuke the / varAhamihira ne apane granthoM meM inakA ullekha kiyA hai / varAhamihira ko I. pU. 123 se I. pU. 41 meM honA vidvAnoM ne svIkAra kara liyA hai| 2 usa hisAba se I. pU. 123 se pahile yA usake zrAsapAsa prApakA samaya honA caahie| parantu akATya pramAraNoM ke prabhAva meM nizvita nahIM kahA jA sakatA / zrAryabhaTTa para jaina- jyotiSa kA pUrNa prabhAva thA / unhoMne kAlakriyApAda meM yuga ke samAna 12 bhAga karake pUrva bhAga kA utsarpiNI bhora uttara bhAga kA avasarpiNI nAma batalAyA hai tathA donoM ke suSamA, suSamA- suSamA prAdi chaha-chaha bheda batAye haiM 'usaraNI yugArddha pazcapAdavasarpiNI yugArddhaca / madhye yugasya suSamAuudAba hai duHSamA'nyaM zAt //

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2-114 jaina mAnyatA meM hI kalpakAla ke do bheda utsapiraNI mora abasapiNI karake pratyeka chaha-chaha bheda kiye gaye haiM anya vaidika mAnyatA meM aisA nahIM hai| ___ bhAryabhaTTa ko prathama gaNita evaM jyotiSa kA vidvAna mAnA jAtA hai kintu, unase pUrva hI ana / mAnyatA ke grantha sUrya prajJapti (I. pU. 365). candra prajJapti (I pU. 365), garga saMhitA (I. pU. 5000 se I. pU. 300), jyotiSakANDa ityAdi meM jyotiSa zAstra kI aneka mahatvapUrNa bAtoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ina granthoM ke avalokana karane se spaSTa mAlUma ho jAtA hai ki meyana, malamAsa, nakSatroM kI zreNiyAM, saura mAsa, candramAsa, prAdi kA vivecana ho cukA thaa| isase bhI adhika prAcIna aura yathArtha bhaugolika evaM gaNita sambandhI 'dIvasAgara paNNati' grantha hai jo avazya hI 400 I. pU. se pahile racI gaI hogii| yadyapi prAja yaha kRti anupalabdha hai, tathApi bAda kI aneka bhUgola sambadhI kRtiyoM meM aneka bAra isakA sandarbha diyA gayA hai| jainAcAryoM ke grantho meM gaNita ke aneka aise maulika siddhAnta nibaddha hai, jo bhAratIya gaNita meM anyatra nahIM milte| upalabdha jaina sAhitya bhale hI itanA prAcIna na ho, para usake tatva maukhika rUpa se kharaboM varSa pahile vidyamAna the| balki niSpakSa dRSTi se dekhA jAya to jaina RSiyoM aura muniyoM dvArA hI sarvaprathama jyotiSa viSayaka pratyeka viSaya para prakAza DAlA gayA thaa| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra dvitIya kulakara ne nakSatra viSayaka zakAnoM kA nirAkaraNa kara apane yuga ke vyaktiyoM ko prAkAza maNDala kI samasta bAteM batalAI thiiN| akSara saMketoM dvArA saMkhyA kI abhivyakti prAcArya nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI ke gommaTasAra meM spaSTa upalabdha hotI hai / chedAgama aura cUNiyoM meM bhI yaha praNAlI hai jisase aMkoM kA parijJAna hotA hai| . Arya bhaTTa ko prathama vyakti kahA jAtA hai jinhoMne jIvA ke phalanoM kA patA lagAyA tathA jyotiSa meM inakA upayoga kiyA / kintu, Arya bhaTTa ke prAryabhaTTIya grantha kI TIkA karane vaalaa| bhAskarAcArya (prathama) ne apanI TIkA meM kisI prAcIna gaNita grantha kI tIna gAthAeM uddhRta kI hai| 'isa TIkA kI prati maisUra rAjya prAcya pustakAlaya bagalora meM batalAI jAtI haiN| ye tInoM gAthAe bhAskarAcArya ne 'prArthabhaTrIya'ke gaNitapAda ke dazava zloka kI TIkA meM dI haiN| unameM pahalI do jAma nikAlane aura vRttAMza kA kSetraphala nikAlane kA niyama batAtI haiM aura tIsarI 'karaNoM (Surds) meM jor3ane kI vidhi batalAtI hai / inameM se prathama gAthA- . _ 'yogAharaNa vikkambhaM egAheNa saMguNaM kuryAt / . , ... candramaNiyaM assa tu mu ma (sa) ? sA jIvvA sakaravatANAta / . arthAt vyAsa meM gaharAI (vANa) ko ghadA ke, zeSa meM gaharAI se guNA karo, gunnnphl| 'caugune kA vargamUla vRttAMza kI jIvA hogii| dusarI gAthA; ... 'isupAya guNa jIvA dasikaraNi bhaveta vi gANi padaM / . ___ dhanuha asmiM khatta evaM karaNaM tu dA annam // ' ' arthAt jIvA ko bANa ke cauthAI aura pakSa ke vargamUla se guNA karane para vRttAMza kSetraphala AtA haitIsarI gAthA--- 'mo vaThThi pradasta kaNa, imUla samAsassa motthavat / pro paThThapAmagaNiya, karaNi samAsaM tuNA mavvam / / '

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arthAt jina karaNi saMkhyAoM ko jor3anA ho umameM kisI upayukta saMkhyA kA bhAga dekara, bhAya. phaloM ke vargamUloM ko sAmAnya rIti se chor3a deM aura yoga meM upayukta saMkhyA (bhAjaka) kA guNA karo to karaNiyoga paavegaa| bhAskara (prathama) (IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrvAddhaM ke vidvAn) dvArA uddhRta tInoM gAthAe bar3e mahatva kI haiN| jaina dharma ke grantha adhikatara prAkRta meM hI haiN| aura ye gAthAeM kisI gariNata jaina grantha kI honI cAhie / jo ki 'AryabhaTTa' se pahile kI hI hone kI sambhAvanA hai| " AryabhaTTa ne apane Arya siddhAnta ke gaNita pAda meM gaNita sambandhita prAeM dI haiN| unameM dazaguNottara saMkhyAoM ke nAma, varga, dhana, vargamUla, tribhuja, vRtta aura anya kSetra, inake kSetraphala, dhana, gola, inake ghanaphala bhujajyAsAdhana aura bhujajyA sambandhI kucha vicAra, pairAzika, bhinna kama (prapUrNAMka) rAzika athavA bIja gaNita sambandhI do eka udAharaNa Adi dI haiN| prAryabhaTTa se pUrvI jaina natha dhavalA TIkA, tiloyapaNyatti Adi granthoM meM saMkhyAmoM ke svarUpa, nAma, akSara sakeloM dvArA saMsthAnoM kI abhivyakti, vargamUla, bRtta, tribhuja Adi sabhI gaNita viSaya pAe haiN| inameM kucha ko DA. nebhicandra zAstrI ne jagAcAryoM dvArA prastuta 'gaNita sambandhI katipaya maulika udbhAvanAeM" lekha meM "udadhata kI haiN|10 .. .. AryabhaTTa kA Arya siddhAnta prAyaH dakSiNa bhArata ke mAlAvAra prAMta meM hI adhika pAyA jAtA hai / jisa kSetra meM tAmIla evaM malayAlama bhASA kA pracAra hai| isI kSetra dakSiNa bhArata meM jainAcArya kuMda kuda (I. pU. 8 athavA vi. saM. 49) bhI hue the| ye bhadrabAhu dvitIya ke ziSya the 11 bhadrabAha dvitIya bhI dakSiNa meM IsA se pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI ke bAda pAkara base the aura usa samaya maisUra meM jaina loga phaila gaye the / bhadrabAhu jyotiSa ke prakANDa vidvAna the| inhoMne jyotiSa ke 'naimittika zAstra, bhadrabAhu saMhitA' upasargahara stotra, dazAzru taskaMdha, prAdi granthoM kI racanA kI thii| inase bhI pUrva I, pU. 600 se I. pU. 300 ke pAsa pAsa gargAcArya bhI ho cuke the jo ki jaina mAlUma hote haiM / isa prakAra cAhe Arya bhaTTa ne apanI jyotiSI gaNanA karake yaha prathama pragaTa kiyA ho ki pRthvI apane akSa para ghUmate hue sUrya ke cAroM ora ghUmatI hai, para unako prathama bhAratIya gaNitajJa mAna lenA ThIka nahIM lgtaa| yaha avazya hai ki unhoMne jyotiSa gaNita ko parizodhita parimArjita kiyA aura kucha maulitA bhI dii| para, unako jyotiSa gaNita ke nirmAtA nahIM kaha skte| yaha nizcita hai ki unhoMne jainAcAryoM ke upalakSa jyotiSa viSayaka granthoM kA adhyayana avazya kiyA hogA aura una para manana bhI kiyA hogaa| jo unako acchA lagA hogA-use svIkAra kiyA hogaa| unhoMne svayaM ne 'AryabhaTTIya' iv, 43' meM kahA hai-'maiMne jyotiSa sambandhI sacce-jhUThe siddhAMtoM ke samudra meM gaharA gotA lagAkara apanI buddhi rUpI naukA ke mAdhyama se sadjJAna kI mUlyavAna vibhAjita maNi kA uddhAra kiyA hai|' 1. jyotiSa vijJAna janavarI pharavarI 60 pR. 15 2. dekhie 'kAdambinI' disambara 69 meM prakAzita lekhaka kA lekha varAhamihira kA kAla nirNaya evaM 'veda-cakSu' sampAdaka kedAranAtha prabhAkara pR. 71 se 79 tk|

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2-118 3. dekheM 'vedAMga jyotiSa kI bhUmikA' bhAga pR. 1-26 taka DA. zyAma zAstrI 4. DevelapameNTa prApha jyographika noleja ina eMzeMTa iNDiyA'-pro. mAyA prasAda tripAThI pR. 324-325 b. bhAratIya jyotiSa pR. 72 lekhaka DA. nemicaMdra zAstrI 6. vistRta jAnakArI ke lie dekheM-bAbU choTelAla jaina smRti graMtha meM prakAzita lekhaka kA lekha 'jana jyotiSa ke prAcInatamatva para saMkSipta vivecana pR. 221 se 232 taka 1. trilokamAragAthA 799 8. 'antarikSa yuga ke praNetA pAryabhaTTa prathama zukadeva prasAda 'vijJAna pragati' julAI 75 pR. 199 9. eka lupta jaina gaNita grantha-'jaina darzana' pR. 146-42 disambara 1936, le. vibhutibhUSaNa 10. mahAvIra jayaMti smArikA san 1968 pR. 198 se 216 taka 11. bhagavAna kudakudAcArya le. zrI bAbU bhomAnAtha jaina pR. 16 12. prAcArya garga aura unakA samaya -lekhaka kA lekha 'jyotiSa-bodha' disambara 1973 pR. 18 se 20

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tRtIya RECEEEEEEEEEEET AGGRESSKOEKOEGEGEVECHE kha Da - rAjasthAnI bhArakhA rI racanAvAM

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vAlI AmA bhagavAna mahAvIra rAjasthAnI bhASA bhagavAna mahAvIra -zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA thara thara dhUjyo indrAsaNa jada, zakendra citta zaMkA lAI / upayoga jJAna ro de jANyau, prabhu vIra janama velA AI // 1 // tIna loka rA nAtha padhAramA, siddhAratha rAjA rai ghara / . . ghaNTa , vajAyo koDa dharaNa, Avo sigalA mila meru zikhara / / 2 / / dAI ro kAma karayo sigalo, chappana disa kaMvarayA mila sAthai / . cauMsaTha indrAM abhiSeka karyo, pANDuka vana sila Dugara mAthai / / 3 / / mokSArthI jana mana harakha ghaNo, ___saMjama levA nai UmAhyA / khatrI kuNDa meM baMTe vadhAI, payanamI huvA rANA-rAyA // 4 // pAkhaNDa ghaNo phailyoDau ho, AtmA nai bhUlyA baiThA hA / / jajJAM meM hiMsA ghaNI ghaNI, nara pApa karaNa nai saiMThA hA // 5 // DhAMDhAM jyU bikatI hI dAsyAM, hau chUyA chUta rau bhUta ghaNau / dama ghuTatau nArI jAtI rau, para trAsa pavitauM jaNI jaNau // 6 //

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karuNA rA sAgara uNa velA, prabhu tIna jJAna rA dhArI haa| para bharI javAnI rAja tyAga, saMkalpa sva-para uddhArI hA // 7 // ekelA lAMbI tapasyA meM, vicaracA prAtmA rau dhyAna kryo| bArai varasAM upasarga parIsA, saha, kevala darzana-jJAna dhyo||8|| prAtmoddhAra karaNa khAtara, sigalA prANI hai idhakArI / .. bAra parakhada meM A suNatA, upadeza tIna gata rA dhArI // 6 // anAdi kAla jar3a saMga rAto, ajJAnI caurAsI bhaTakai / . kara bheda jJAna jar3a cetana rau, jyU cyAra gati meM nahIM aTakai // 10 // sarvajJa prabhU jagabodha diyo, tAcA lAkhU bhavi prANI nai / trikAla abAdhita anekAnta, maya, namo bhaMvara jinavANI nai / / 11 / / dIvAlI dina pAvApura meM, nirvANa huyo jaga tAraka rau| paccIsa saIkA pUrIjyA, ___ hiMvaDai meM puna pratiSTha karau / / 12 / /

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kaThaputalI * dikhAzro pelo, O -kaThaputalI ro tibArInumo maMca, grANaMdI ara kapUrI do putalyAM maMca para zrAvaM, zrANaMdI re nIce meM ghAgharo para Upara aMgarakhI, dAr3I mUchAM ne hAtha bAMkyo. kapUrI janAnI veza meM, galA meM Dhola laTakAyo thako. doI bAjA prANaMda maMgala rA sUcaka. prANaMdI- (bAMkyo bajAtA huA ) hAM bhAI supo. kapUrI - ( Dhola DhamAkatI thakI) hAM bAI suNAvo. zrANaMdI - kUNa bAI ? kapUrI - kUraNa bhAI ? prANaMdI - zraThe koI bAI nIM kapUrI- aThe koI bhAI nIM prANaMdI-dhU karaNa ? kapUrI-Dhama Dhama Dhama ( Dhola bajAvai) para thU ? prANaMdI - puhU hUM hUM (bAMkyo bajAva) kapUrI - vAha vAha. jasyo thU vasyoi thAro bAjo prANaMdI - mhArA meM kaI khoTa ? ! pUrI hUM rAIsoTa: mhAro bAMkyo karade thAre Dholama polama pola (ner3e jAra kUNoU kapUrI ne garagalAve ) kapUrI - thAre bAkye bAMka dharaNI hai thU bhI bAMko bAMkI maradapaNA meM dhAla ghAgharo kyU macalyo thU DAkI ( Dhama Dhama ) parabhu pAlaNiye DaoN0 mahendra bhAnAvata prANaMdI -rANI tisalA supanA dekhyo aratha batAyo moTo mahAvIra jalamegA to phera kI bAta se ToTo, ( pUhUM pahUM ) kapUrI - mhArA sogana sAMcI keva ? prANaMdI - thArA bApa kI sogana, mhaiM to sAMcI hI ketAM zrAyA, jhUTha bolaNo ne jaMjAla pAlaraNo barAbara samajhA. kapUrI- ora kaI suNyo. pUrI bAta to karo beTI kA bApa. prANaMdI - mhaiM to kuMvArA hAM, bhakhana kuMvArA, jalama kuMvArA, supanAM to mhAMbhI gharaNAI dekhAM para piMData keMve ke thAMre supanA ro phala nIM Ave kapUrI- kaI supano prAyo ? volo to mhUM batA phala. ANaMdI - sUpano ghaNo geharo hai. kapUrI - suNAvato. zrANaMdI - le suraNa (gAve) sUto cho karavaTa phera ne mhane dhIrAsU prAyo re jaMjAla supanA meM mhAMne kapUrI milAdyo re. ( hUM puhaM puhUM) kapUrI- kapUrI zrApa bI supano I lera jIve mhArA seMga supanA kapUra baraNa hAtha sU jAtAriyA. abe mhane to yo saMsAraI supano lAgabU kareM

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pANaMdI-mhAro to ekaI supano ke kade kapUrI mhAraM mAMDarI, subai ro Tema. lugAyAM pAM par3osa meM supanA kanai kanai kabUtarAveM para kade ma thAre gAvA ro ter3o de. rANI tisalA rA supanAM rI ner3e nar3e nugarAU (haMse) mAta tisalA ne ghara-ghara meM gUja. to keI supanA, ekaU eka bar3a car3a ne, eka havelI meM kaMkU kesara rA pagalyA maMDAyA. badhAvA le lera ne pAyA. tisalA rA supanA jANe seMga gharAM rA supanA, va pUrI dAI AyA ? kUkara AyA ? kevo to goriyA~ harakhaM umAva jANe vaNAM ne khuda ne supanA - mhAgo bI kilyANa ho jAve. mAyA. kAMI TAbaraTubara bhara dUjA raNIdharaNI saba prANadI-kilyANa to uraNa piMData mhArAja ko phUlyA nIM mAne. lugAyAM ro jhUmako supano ugeryo. hogyo jyAM vIyAM supanA rA praratha batAyA, supanA jo pAyA rANI lisalA ne bhAyA kAMI va pUrI .... kAMI kilyANa huyo ? rAjA harakha badhAviyA jI koI supanA jo prAyA. AgAdI-suyI ke rAjA prAparI motyAM rI madar3I cAMda sUraja dhajA lichamI jo dekhyA ara rANI prApaNe galA ro nosara hAra kAMI raNajaNa ghaMTA bAje jI koI supanA jo prAyA piData ne de dIdho. supanA jo pAyA rANI tisalA. kapUrI-piMhata ro bhAga jAgiyoH sapanA jada sAge- padama sarovara siMgha baila jo dekhyA sAga phalegA to piMData rA ghara prAMgaNAMI kAMI airApata rAkhe jI koI supanA jo pAyA, motyAM sU bharajAI. supanA jo mAyA rANI tisalA.... .... prAgAMdI-piMData ghaNo jabarI suNyo. phala bhI batAya dhanabhAga rANA ne bar3a dhanabhAga rANI ne bar3a bhAga rAjA dIno ke namme mIne rANI jI koI kAI rAja tumAro gAje jo koI supanA jo pAyA. mhAparUsa ne jalama devegA, prAkhA seMsAra supanA jo prAyA rANI tisalA............ meM pApaNo nAma ammara karegA. vo bar3o havelI re bAraNAU eka camArI jAve jA tapavAlo tejasvI, gyAnI ara vIra mahAvIra lugAyAM rI praNI mIThI bolI ne suNa UbI re jAve, havegA, cArUmera jaThe jAvo vaThe yAI bAta supanA ro gIta pUro ve jAve jadI vA vaThaM prApare loga lADU bAMTariyA para harakha manAyariyA ___ghara jAve para mana meM supanA rI rAga para bola masyA beThagyA ke vA gAyakI chuTe nI. ghare poMca ke.pUrI-~lo cAlo yo raMga phera dekhavA meM nI Avego ApaNA ghara vAlA ne uThAve para supanA kI bAta pANaMdI-cAlo cAlo lyAI TIka resI. batAve. (kapUrI ara ANaMdI doI apaNA bAjA bajAvatA camArI-prAkhI duniyAM jAga gI paNa mAne aMdhAroI dhakA jAva) dikhe. prave to uTho karametAM (uThAvatI yakI) dikhAvo dajo. gharavAlA-(prAMkhyA masalato) kyU mAtho khAve hai. - kuDapura ro hara galI mohallo chagana magana. duniyAM to pAkhI bopI ve jAve to hA gharAM meM citerA dIvAlAM para airApata, cAMda, ve jAve mhAU lAre maraNI ko AvenI. sUraja, lichamI, dhA, kalazakUDA, raNajaNa ghaMTA, camArI-pAkhI umaraI sUtI kAr3o bhalA bhAga para padama saravara, vivANa, siMdha, balada jasyA citagama thAne ThA hai ke nI rANI tisalA jI ne mAMDIryA, moTA gharoM meM vavu lADyAM ApaNAM ghara- ghaNA mAchA supanA pAyA. havelyAM meM bhAraNA lIparI para choryo daNAM para nAnhA nAnhA DAvaDyAM kaI rUphalaH supanA gAI rI hI. bA~da sUraja, cir3hakalyAM bhara pagalyA / mAMDaNA ve na ve mhaMI mhAre prAMgaNe supanA gavAU,

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mhAre ghara pavittara karAUM ne dhobo dhobo patAyAM bAMTU. gharavAlA - eka prAdhI kar3I to mhAnaM suragAde lugAyAM rA gIta to lugAyAM gAI mhAneM to uThane covaTe jANoMI par3asI. camArI- kyU covaTe jAvo. bhagavAna rA bhagavAnAM rA supanA saba koI suNo gAvo lugAyAM gAvAvAlA ro phala batAvI rI ho. dharavAlA - to batAvenI mAlakaNa. suraNabAneI to mhai mhAro supano tor3ayo. camArI to suNo. (gAve) supanA jo prAyA rANI tisalA ne zrAyA kAMI rAjA harasa baghAviyA jI koI supanA jo prAyA supanA jo gAve jyAMro veku TavAsA nI to ajagara se avatAro jI koI supanA jo zrIyA. supanA jo prAyA rANI tisalA gAvAvAlI ne cUr3A cUdaMDa kAMI jor3aNavAlI ne rUpo jI koI supanA jo prAyA. gharavAlo - gAvA ne jor3avA vAlA ro phala to suNyo para suraNavAvAlA ne kaI phala nI batAyo, eka eka sabada amarita rI dhAra jyU hai. mhAro to jalanaI sArathaka igyo. AkhI jinagAnI jarabA gAMThavA meM phUMka dI. camArI-manaka to minakor3A vebU kare keI bAra kayo thAMne ke veTI kA bApAM nemadhema rAkhabU karo, cokho sugA ra cokho sugAvo paNa jaravA re Thor3a zrAparI jabAnaI jarabo baraNAya lodhI. gharavAlaH - akala dorI AbU kare maMgalI ne gaMgalI ne gaMgA ra sabane bulAvo, ghara lIpAvo pUjAvo patAvo zrara gItAM kI gaMgA cala vo. mhUM bajAra jAra bhAU kaI patAsyAM ra khoparA lera saranATa karato pAU (jAve) * dikhAvo tojo. rAjamhela. dAsyAM sonAbAI rUpAbAI mahAvIra ne saMpar3AI dhupar3AI ne kAjala TIkA kareM hAthAM pagAM para mAmA mAMr3e. jarI makhamala ro bhagalo, kasIdo kAr3I kachu cha ra lAlAM motI jhar3I TopI perAyane pAlaragA meM sulAye de. parabAta kI vagata. mahAvIra rove gharaNAM jadI kadeI sonAbAI mAr3A leve to kadeI rUpAbAI Apare khAMdelere thapakyAM deve. mana par3e to so jAve ra mana par3e to TaggI pakar3ale jada doI dAsyAM mala ne mahAvIra ne pAlaNe sulAra hIMdo deve ara pAlakhiyo gAve. pAlagiyo paMkhI par3iyo / ratanA sU rUr3o jar3iyo / zrara sonArI sAMkala kar3iyAM zro mahAvIra parabhu bhUlo pAlakhiye bhUlo. resama Dora baliyA / ghar3iyo bho mahAvIra parabhu bhUlo pAlakhiye bhUlo. / jhAMjhariyA rUr3A rAje / parabhu cAle catarAI sU Thamake pro mahAvIra parabhu bhUlo pAlaNiye bhUlo. parabhu ne noMda prA jAve. sonA rUpA chAnekaU parI jAve. koI pAMva pAyala bAje koI tAra tAra tabiyA / anekuI kArIgara 3-5 * dikhAvo cotho 0 mahAvIra koi ATheka barasarA huA, saMjhayA rI vagata zrApaNe dAstAM re lAra mhela kane vAr3A meM jAra AmalakI khela khelarayA. isa khela meM eka khAsa Thor3aU rUMkar3A para jo pelapota car3ajAvai vo jIta para hArayA ne ghor3I baraNAra savArI kare ghara Thor3a poMce jaraNa Thor3aU khela sarU ve. pIpala ro rUka. mahAvIra prApaNe sAthiyAM ne iraNa khela kI sArI bAta samajhAya ne bolyA ke jyu I mhUM "eka do bhAgA bho' keU ke praTheU dor3a ra pIpala para car3ajANo hai. mahAvIra saba tyAra ve jAvo, kamara kasa lo sAvaceta rIjo gelA meM kaTheI par3a jAvolA to dhUla merA ve jAvolA ghoDA phUTelA ara kIr3I rAvale calI jAvelI.

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3-6 dosta - cantyA nA karo / saba reDDI hAM / thAMge bhAgA bho kaMvArI jeja hai / mahAvIra - to mhUM bI tyAra hUM / lo eka ra ye do / do ketAMI to seMga bhAgatA baNyA / jada mahAvIra muskAyA / mahAvIra - eka do meI kyUM ravAnA ho re / bhAgA bho binA bhAgolA to kaI aratha nI paTelA / cAlo pAchA ThakAraNe / dosta - hAM prAgyA ThakAraNe / aba pUro dhyAna rAkhasAM / mahAvIra - eka do zrara bhAgA bho / saba doDayA para mahAvIra sabaU prAge jA poMcyA / pIpala rI pAMcamI DAlI para TheTha Upara car3a ne DAlI khar3akhar3AI bhara hUta karatAM nIce kUdagyA | dosta vIrAM meM vIra thAMI mahAvIra ho / mhaiM to thAMge dekhane cakacakAya ho gayA / mahAvIra - yo to ghaNo soro kAma ho / Darapo kyU ? choTA kAmaU I jo DarapavA lAga jAbolA to Age kaI karolA / ..... dosta - thAMNI barobarI to kadeI ko kara saka na / lo abe mhA baNA ghor3I para thAM karo savArI | mahAvIra eka-eka karane sabarI ghor3I baNAya savArI kre| pIpalaU bhAgA bho re ThikANe tAMI baiThyA jAve, baiThane Upara thor3A hAle kUde zrara zrAmalakI gIta bole AmalakI bhAI AmalakI cAlare ghor3I cAmalakI / ghAmalako ro kaI nisAMraNa bhIMta bhar3Ako khUMTo tANa / abakI sabakI grAmalakI jI jANe pyArAmala kI / pyArAmala kI rI jaigAM jaMDe Upare kare bhaMDoI nAma liyo jAve / DA savArI cukAya eka hAI phera cAlI / mahAvIra re bhAgA bho kevatAMI saba doGyA para phera saba pAche rehagyA ara mhAvara Upara DAla para jAI poMcyA / pratarAka meM chorA ne eka kAlo kalUTo sAMpa najara prAyo. sAMpa jIba lapalapAvatoM, phaNakArato thako dekhatAMI chorA to raphphU cakkara byA / prAdhA gAbA to vaTheI reigyA / vaNI eka pagarakhI perI to eka vaTheI chUTagI / mahAvIra sAMpa ne dekha na yA dhamakyA na cIkhyA cillAyA / zrara vane pakar3ara pheMkadIdho / sAMpa prAparo gelo lIdho / mahAvIra rI yA karAmAta sonAbAI, rUpAbAI dekharI jI vAMne dhaNI dera viyAM ghare nIM dekha ra jobAne vaThIne AI parI / mahAvIra jada vaThU jAvA lAgA to sonAbAI roka parA ra bolyA / sonAbAI - kaMvarA, ghaMTA do hovaraNa AyA / AkhAI mhela rA khuNA DhUMr3ha mAryA / pagAM ro pANI huyo jo huyo para zrapare nI milabAU rovaraNapata hoyagI / mahAvIra - heM koI nAno TAbara hUM jo kaTheI dhUma jAU lo / pAlI meM hularAya hularAya nethAM mhane niDara baNAya dIdho / sonAbAI - prAparI jUtyAM ro hor3a bI nIM kara sakUM kuMvarajI / zraparo mAlakaparaNo hai ke bhApa bhasI bAta kevo / mahAvIra - mUM jhUTho va to pUchalo rUpAbAI ne / aa fer3A hai | sonAbAI - Apane kUkara pato lAgo ? mahAvIra phera vAI bAta karo / hAlariyA hulariyA meM thAM kaI bAtAM nI jatalAI ? thAraNAM jasI bAyAM saba bAlakAM rI dAyAM veve to kAMI kevaraNo ? rUpAbAI -pAchalA jalama rA mhAraNA prAchA paratApa ke prAparI sevA karavA ro moko milyo / yA bAta kara sonA rUpA doyAM rI prAkhyAM sUM prasUr3A ( par3ado baMda) Daraka par3a yA /

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jaina dharama sAdhanA ro dharama hai| pro anAdikAla sU kaluSita prAtmA ra azuddha rUpa nai dUra kara' ra zuddha rUpa ro prApti ro mAraga batAvai / sApaka nai saMsAra re baMdhaNa sUmukti huvaNa khAtara AtmA rI zuddha para azuddha sthiti para uNarai kAraNAM ro jJAna jarUrI hai / o jJAna tatva jJAna khii| mahAvIra rA darzana maiM tatvacintana nau tatva: jaina darzana meM mukhya tatva nau mAnIja-(1) jIva (2) ajIva (3) puNya (4) pApa () prAsrava (6) baMdha (7) saMvara (8) nirjarA para (9) mokSa / iNAMro paricaya iNa bhAMta hai 1. jIva ttv| ___ jIva tatva ro lakSaNa upayoga-cetanA hai| jiNameM jJAna para darzana rUpa upayoga hai, vo jIva hai / jIva cetana paNa kahIjai / iNameM sukha-dukha. anukUlatA-pratikUlatA Adi bhAvAM rai aNabhava rI samatA huvai| jIva tatva rA do bheda huve--(1) mukta para (2) saMsArI / jo jIva karama malaM sU rahita huyara zAna, darasana rUpa mananta zuddha cetanA meM ramakha kara, vo mukta para karamAM rai kAraNa janama-maraNa rUpa saMsAra meM minakha, tiyaMca, deva para nAraka gatiyAM meM dhUmato raive vo saMsArI kahIjai / ___ saMsArI jIvAM mAMya sU deva Urga loka meM, minakha para pazu madhyaloka meM ara nAraka agholoka meM nivAsa karai / minakha ra sparzana (zarIra) rasana (jIbha) ghrANa (nAka) cakSu (prAMkha) para zrotra (kAna) meM pAMca indriyAM mana sahita huvai, iNa kAraNa vo minakha kahIjai / DaoN. zAntA bhAnAvata

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3-8 jIva rI pAMca jAtiyAM hune--(1) ekendriya, bhAta jIva bhara pudgala dravyAM rai gati karaNa meM dharma (2) dvIndriya, (3) trIndriya (4) caturindriya ara sahakArI kAraNa hai / (6) paMcendriya / kriyAyukta jIva para pudgala ne ThaharaNa meM jo __ekendriya jIva ra sirpha eka indriya sarIra hune| apratyakSa rUpa sU sahAyatA devai vo adharma dravya jIva pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAyu, vanaspati rA jIva eke- para pudgala dravyAM ne jabaradastI nI calAvai ara nIM ndriya jIva hai| tthhraavai| to nimitta rUpa sU uNArA sahAyaka __dvIndriya jIvAM rai sparzana (sarIra) ara rasana (jIbha) meM do indriyAM hune| laTa, saMkha, joMka jo saba dravyAM nai AdhAra devai vo AkAsa hai| mAdi jIva dvIndriya hai| iNa rA do bheda lokAkAsa para alokAkAsa huvai| zrIndriya jIvAM re sparzana, rasana ara prANa jIva, pudugala, dharma, adharma, kAla bhai dravya jitarA (nAka) aM tIna indriyAM hune| cIMTI, kAnakhajUrA AkAza meM Thaharai vo lokAkAsa para jaThe AkAsa re Adi jIva trIndriya hai| sivAya dUjA dravya nI huvai vo bhalokAkAsa kahIje / caturindriya jIvAM rai sparzana, rasana, para prANa jo dravyo ra parivartana meM sahakArI huvai vo cakSu (kha) meM cAra indriyAM huge| makkhI, macchara kAla dravya kahI jai| ghaMTA, minaTa, samaya mAdi TiDDI, pataMgA Adi caturindriya jIva haiN| kAla rAIja paryAya hai| meM jIva para praja'dha tatva saMsAra nirmANa paMcendriya jIvAM rai sparzana, rasana, prANa, cakSa rA mukhya tatva hai / saMsAra anAdi ananta hai| I. para zrotra (kAna) meM pAMca indriyAM hune / nAraka, rI racanA kiNI Izvara nI karI / manuSya, deva, gAya, bhaisa, kAgalA, kabUtara prAdi paMcendriya jIva haiN| 3. puNya tatva: 2. ajIva tatva: .. puNya zubha karama huve para pApa azubha karama / meM donyU ajIva dravya haiN| zAstrIya dRSTi sUpuNya jiNa meM cetanA nI huvaM jo sukha-dukha ro anu rA nau bheda haiM / vI iNa bhAMta hai-(1) anna puNya, bhava nI karai vo ajIva kahIjai / ajIva tatva jar3a (2) pAna puNya (3) layana (sthAna) puNya, (4) para pracetana hune ; sono, cAMdI, ITa cUno Adi zayana (zaiyA) puNya (5) vastra puNya, (6) mana puNya, mataM bhara pAkAsa, kAla Adi pramUrta jar3a padArtha / (7) vacana puNya, (4) kAya puNya para (9) namaajIva tatva hai / ajIva tatva rA pAMca bheda huvai skAra puNya / arthAta anna, pANI, aukhadha prAdi ro (1) pudgala, (2) dharma, (3) adharma (5) prAkAsa dAna karaNo, ThaharaNa khAtara jagyAM devaNI, mana meM para (kaal)| / pAcchA bhAva rAkhaNA, khoTA vacana nI bolaNA, jiNa meM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha para sparza huvai / jo sarIra sUpAcchA kAma karaNA, deva gurU nai namamApasa meM mila'ra AkAra grahaNa kara le para vilaga ho'ra paramANu baraNa jAvai vo pudgala hai / iNAM meM ra skAra karaNo meM sagalA puNya karama hai| milaNa bhara alaga hovaNa rI mA kriyA svabhAva sa 4. pApa tatva : huii| darzana rI bhASA meM milaNa rI kriyA nai pApAM rA kAraNa aneka huvai paNa saMkSepa meM meM saMpAta para bilaga hoNe rI kriyA nai bheda kaive| aThArA mAnI-je / prai pApasthAna paNa khiije| dharma tatva gati meM sahAyaka huvai / jiyAM machalI iNArA nAma iNa bhAMta hai-(1) hiMsA (2) bhUTha khAtara pANI apratyakSa rUpa sU sahakArI hai, uNIja (3) corI (4) abrahmacarya (5) parigraha (6) koSa - . pic . .HTAustaHANNEL

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3-9 baaNtt| (7) mAna (8) mAyA (9) lobha (10) rAga (11) 6. baMdha tatva : dveSa (12) kalaha (13) abhyAkhyAna (jhUTho nAma subha-asubha karama jada prAtamA ra sAgai cipaka lagAyo, dosa devaNo) (14) paizunya (cugalI) jAge tada vA avasthA badha kahIjai / zre baMdha cAra (16) paranindA (16) rati-arati pApa meM ruci bhAMta rA havaM- (1) prakRti baMdha, (2) sthiti baMdha, dharama meM aruci (17) mAyA-mRSAvAda, (kapaTa sU (3) anubhAga bandha para (4) pradesa bndh| . bhUTha bolaNo) ara (18) mithyA darzana / prakRti baMdha karamAM re sabhAva na nizcita kreN| - vyAvahArika dRSTi sU A bAta kahIje ke sthiti baMdha karamA rai kAla ro nizcaya krai| anupApa karaNa sU naraka ro dukha mila, loka meM apayaza bhAga phala ro nizcita kara para pradesa badha grahaNa mila para nindA huvai / puNya karaNa sU devaloka ro kariyor3A karama pudgalAM ne kamabesI parimANa meM sukha milai, ara loka meM yaza, santAna vaibhava pAdi rI prApti hudai / paNa pUrNa mukti rai mAraga para bar3hariNavA sAdhaka khAtara pApa para puNya donya heya haiN| 7. saMvara tatva : subha-asubha ne chor3a'ra suddha vItarAga bhAva meM ramaNa . karama re prAvaNa ro rAsto rokaNo saMvara hai / karaNoija adhyAtma ro lakSya hai| saMvara prAtamA rI rAga-dveSa mUlaka asuddha vRttiyAM 5. prAsrava tatva : ne roke / saMvara rA pAMca bheda iNa bhAMta haipuNya-pApa rUpa karamA rai bhAvaNa ro gasto (1) samyaktva-viparIta manyatA kI mAsrava kahI / prAsrava rA pAMca bheda isa bhA~ta raakhnnii| hai-(1) mithyAtva, (:) avirati, (3) pramAda (2) vrata-aThAraha prakAra re pApAM sU (4) kaSAya ara (5) yog| vcnno| mithyAtva ro praratha hai viparIta saradhA rAkhaNI, (3) apramAda--dharamaprati utsAha raakhnno| tatva jJAna nI huvaNo / iNa meM jIva jar3a padArathAM (4) akaSAya--krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha mAdi meM cetanA, atatva meM tatva, adharama meM dharama buddhi kaSAyAM ro nAsa krnno| prAdi viparIta bhAvanA rI prarUpaNA kre| (5) prayoga-mana, vacana, kAyA rI kriyAvAM avirati ro praratha huvai tyAga rI bhAvanA ro ro ruknno| prabhAva, tyAga meM aruci, bhoga meM sukha ara utsAha 8. nirjarA tatva : rI bhaavnaa| prAtamA meM palAM tUM Ayor3A karamAM ro kSaya pramAda ro praratha hai-Atama kalyANa khAtara karaNo nirjarA hai| nirjarA mAtama suddhi prApta prAcchA kAma karaNa rI pravRtti meM utsAha nI huvaNo, karaNa rai mAraga meM sIDhiyAM ro kAma kr| A do pAlasya, madya, mAMsa Adi ro sevana krnno| bhAMta rI huvaM-(1) sakAma nirjarA para (2) kaSAya ro maratha hai-krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha prakAma nirjarA / sakAma nirjarA meM viveka sUtapa rI pravRtti / mAdi rI sAdhanA karI jaav| sakAma nirjarA meM __ yoga ro aratha hai-mana, vacana kAyA rI subhA- binA jJAna para saMyama sUtapa sAdhanA karI jaay| subha pravati / yoga do mAMta rA huvaM / subha yoga binA viveka para saMyama sUkariyor3o tapa bAla tapa para asubha yoga / subha yoga sU puNya ro baMdha huvaM khiij| iNa sakarama nirjarA to huve, paNa bhara asubha yoga sU pApa ro| sAMsArika baMdhaNa sU mukti nI mile /

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6. mokSa tatva : mokSa ro praratha hai- sagalA karamA sUM mukti / rAga ara dveSa ze sampUrNa nAsa / mokSa Atama vikAsa rI carama ra pUrNa avasthA hai / isa avasthA meM strI-puruSa, pazu-pakSI, choTA-bar3A Adi ro kAMI bheda nI raMge / zrAtamA rA sagalA karama naSTa huMvaNa para vA loka rai agra bhAga meM poMca jAvai / vyAvahArika bhASA meM uNa ne siddhazilA kaMveM / yU mokSa koI sthAna nIM hai / jiNa bhAMta dIpaka rI lI ro subhAva Upara jAva hai, uNIja bhAMta karama mukta zrAtamA ro subhAva paNa Upara uThaNa (Urdhvaga mI huvaNa) ro hai / karamAM sUM mukta huvaNa para mAtamA zrApaNe suddha subhAva sU camakabA lAge / uNI ro nAma mukti, nirvANa ra mokSa hai / mokSa prApti rA cAra upAya hai-sammaka darzana, cAritra ra tapa rI ArAdhanA / jJAna tatva rI jANakArI huve / darzana sUM tatva para sa bddh'e| cAritra sUM karamAM ne rokyA jAne para sU AtmA re baMdhyor3A karamAM ro kSaya huve| isa cAruM upAya sUM jIva mokSa prApta kara sakeM / ya rI sAdhanA meM jAti, kula, vaMza Adi ro baMdha konI / jo AtamA zrApaNe prAtama guNAM ja prakaTa kara leveM vA mokSa rI adhikArI ba jAne / tapa bhava koDiya saMciyaM kammaM tavasA rigajjarijjai / - uttarA 3016 zrarathaH karoDAM bhavAM sUM saMcita kariyor3A karama tapasyA sU jIrNa ra naSTa hu jAvai / - anuvAda : DA0 zAntA bhAnAvata

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tIrthaMkara mahAvIra IsA sU 600 barasa pahalA kA bhArata meM kittA hI choTA-bar3A rAja hA / ina rAjana meM sU kucheka meM to rAjAna ko rAja ho maura kucheka meM kucha jana pratinidhiyAna ko rAja ho / ina dUsarA tarahA kA rAjana kU hama gaga rAja kaha sakeM haiM / inI gaNarAjana meM eka rAja ho 'licchavI gaNa rAja' / i rAja Aja kA bihAra rAja ko hI eka hisso ho / yA kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI nagarI hI / yA rAja meM bhATha kSatriya kulana kA pratinidhi milake rAja kare hA / yA sU vA sabhI rAjA kahalAvA hA / yA vaizAlI nagara ko hI eka upanagara ho kuNDa grAma yA kuNDalapura / kuNDalapura ko avipati rAjA siddhArtha ho / yA kI rANI trizalA devI hI / iNa dampatti ke yahAM hI IsA se 599 barasa pahalA kI caita sudI terasa kU eka honahAra bAlaka paidA huyo jo mAMge calakara saMsAra meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA nAma sU vikhyAta huyo / mahAvIra ko pahalA ko nAma 'vardhamAna' ho / yA nAmakaraNa ke pIche bhI eka rocaka kisso hai / kahyo jAya ki jA barasa mahAvIra ko janama hu vA barasa sabaDA rAja meM cAru aura sukha-samRddhi ko aararaNa bana gayo ho; khuda unakA parivAra kI 'sukha-samRddhi bar3hotarI para hI, so bAlaka ko nAma 'vardhamAna' rakha diyo gayo / ' vardhamAna bar3I tejasvI aura kuzAgra buddhi vAlo bAlaka ho / U bar3I svastha, sundara aura atula bala ko dhAraka ho / niDaratA vA kA vA subhAva meM kUTakUTa kara bharI hI / bacapanA kA vA kA aisA kissA jaina dhArmika pustakana meM variNata huyA haiM jinasU vA -zrI mahAvIra koTiyA kI atulita vIratA aura adbhuta niDaratA prakaTa hove haiM / mrapaNA yA bIra subhAva ke kAraNa

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3-12 'vardhamAna' kAlAntara meM mahAvIra nAma sU loka- U apaNo sAro jIvana logana kU yA pApa-paMka sU prasiddha ho gyo| nikAlabA meM lagAyago / yA socakara uNane apaNo vardhamAna mahAvIra zuru sU hI bar3o cintanazIla sAro jIvana logana kU-prANI mAtrana kU sukhI aura mananazIla prakRti ko ho / logana kU yahAM karabA meM lagA diyo / tIsa barasa kI bharI javAnI meM taka ki jIva-jantuna kU bhI dukhI dekha ke vA ko uNane rAja kA sukha-bhogana kU tilAJjali de dii| mana karuNA sU bhara jaavo| ekAnta meM U prAyaH ve saMsAra kA sukhana kU chor3akara saccA sukha khojabA socato-yA saMsAra meM sabhI jIva dukhana sU ghabarAne ka nikalyA tAki pRthvI kA jIva mAtra ka sacco sUtra hai / ve sabhI sukha caah| sabhI cAha veM ki ve sukha prApta ho sake / yA khoja meM uNane bAraha barasana bhogatA humA jIvita rheN| sabakU apaNo jIvana taka kaThora sAdhanA kiinii| yA kaThora sAdhanA sU jo pyAro hai; marabo koI nAya cAhave / saMsAra meM bacco jJAna (kevalya jJAna) uraNane pAyo vAkU janajIva mAtra ko yo hI prAkRtika subhAva hai| parantu jana taka pahaMcAbA meM uNane apanA jIvana kA zeSa AdamI kU dekho / vahI yA prAkRtika niyama ko tIsa barasa bhI homa diyA / yA tarahA jIva mAtra kA sabasU bar3o virodhI hai| prapaNI svArtha-pUrti kU, vA muktidAtA ne apaNo 72 barasa ko sabaDo jIvana apaNA tuccha sukhana kU pUrA karabA kU vA ne sabar3o logana kU saMsAra sU mukti kA mArga batAbA meM lagA jIvana ko sukha naSTa kara rakhyo hai; duniyA kI diyo / logana ne bhI apaNA yA muktidAtA kA zAMti bhaMga kara rakhI hai / jIvana kI sundaratA kU caraNana meM pUrI zraddhA sU apaNo sira jhumAyo aura naSTa kara diyo hai| apaNA svArtha kI khAtira vA vA kU apaNo tIrthaMkara svIkAra kiyo / tIrthakara dUsarAna kA jIvana kI, unakA sukhana ko bali mAnI yA vikaTa bhava-sAgara sU pAra hobA ko tIrtha car3hAva hai| yo hI manuSya ko pApa hai| usakA yA (ghATa) batAne va lo / aiso ho vA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra pApa ne pRthvI kA jIvana kU naraka banA rakhyo hai| prANI-mAtra ko muktidAtA; anokho mahApurasa / ... yU soca-vicAra kara mahAvIra ne apano jIvana aisA loga jadA-kadA hI yA pRthvI paMpAke yA ka ko lakSya nizcita kara liyo / vA ne soca lI ki dhanya kara jAveM haiN|

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ahiMsA rA dUta : bhagavAna mahAvIra ahiMsA rI mahimA bhArata rai darzana ra itihAsa mAhi purANA jamAnA syU hI mila ha / "bhArata rA pAgama giraMtha, veda, purANa, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata sabhI i bAta rA sAthI deve hai| bauddha darzana mAMhi bhI 'ahiMsA' para dhyAna diyo gayo hai; para mahAvIra rA vicArAM aura darzana mAMhi ahiMsA para vizeSa bala mile hv| vhaTha ahiMsA rI sUkSama vivecanA kI gaI hai| ahiMsA, mahAvIra rA darzana rI khAsa bAta hai / iNI rI vyAkhyA mAMhi satya, acaurya, brahmacarya 'ra aparigraha yA cAravratAM rI bhI 'sAmila hh| mahAtmA gAMdhI bhI mahAvIra rI iNa ahiMsA syU prabhAvita rahyA / gAMdhIjI yA cAra vrato nai prApaNA igyAraha sevAvratA mAhi giraNaM ch| __ prAcArAMga sUtra mAMhi mahAvIra deva kaha haisaMsAra rA sArA prANI jIvA caahv| koI ne bhI maravo bhalo na lAge / sabane bhApaNo jIvana pyAro lAga hai| prANI mAtra ne mArabo, yA mAraNa vAsta vicAra karavo bhI hiMsA hI kahalAvai / ApaNA samai rI jana bhASA mAMhi mahAvIra batAyo-"mahiMsA niuNA diTThA saba bhUesu saMjamo" iNa ro matalaba yo hai ki prANI mAtara re prati saMjama, samatA 'ra dostI hI hisA haiM / ahiMsA koI lAralA kuMTumba, parivAra, samAja 'ra deza taka hI sImita nahIM hai, uNa rI sImA vizAla hai| iNIja bhAMti mahAvIra savaMjIva rI dostI rA bhAva ne hI hiMsA mAna hai| . kaI loga hiMsA nai kAyaratA smjhe| paNa mAhiMsA kAyaratA nI mhai| kAyaratA ra ahiMsA mAMhi rAta dina ro bheda hai| mahAvIra rI ahiMsA kAyarAM rI ahiMsA nahIM hai| vA to vIrAM rI pahiMsA hai| kSimA asyAM ro astra to vIrAM ne hI zrIpremacanda rAvakA ema. thi.ravI manoharapura (jayapura)

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3-14 zobhA deve hai / samarathavAna rI ahiMsA ho sAMcI ahiMsA hai| jiraNa minakha mAMhI samaratha rI zakti hai, vo hI kSamAM ro pradhikArI hai| samaratha hotA huyAM bhI zatru nai choDa devo, kSamA kara devo, ahiMsA 'guNa hai| gAMdhIjI bhI isI ahiMsA ne mAne hai / gAMdhIjI rA mata mA~hi 'mahiMsA vIrAM ro dharma hai / ' hiMsA ro prabhAva hI mahiMsA kahalAve / jo minakha hiMsA rA kAma mAMhi na to ruci le ra na kareM, vo ahiMsA kahalAve / mahAvIra svayaM ahiMsaka huyA aura varaNAM rA samai mAMhi jo pazu rI hiMsA vA balI cAlI uraNa naM rokaraNa vAste vai prAparaNoM sAro jIvana khapAyo / logAM ne dayA rI bhAvanA se mahatva samajhAyo aura kahyo ki haraeka prANI meM samAna jIva hai cAhe choTo prANI ho yA moTo / darda sabane hove / ApAM yadi koI ne bacAM nasako to mArAM bhI kyUM ? zrApAM ne jasyo kaSTa, dukha hove hai, basyo sabane hote hai / iNIja bhAMta mahAvIra dAsa rI prathA ro bhI virodha karayo / pratyeka zrAdamI nai yogyatA sArI kAma-dhaMdho para UMko mUlya dekho hove hai / zoSaNa rI pravRtti se mahAvIra virodha karayo / samAnatA zrara svataMtratA rI mahimA jaNa jaraNa ne samajhAyI / mahAvIra rA mata mAMhI prANI se svataMtra hotro jarUrI hai / binAM iNa ra vikAsa nahIM ho sakaM / mahAvIra ra anusAri yA koI ThIka nahIM lAge ki eka tarapha to manuSya garIbI ro jIvana bitAvai bhora dUsarI tarapha UMcA- 2 mahalAM meM seTha rAjA aiza-prArAma kreN| isa bhAMti mahAvIra manuSyamanuSya re bIca hInatA ra uccatA rI bhAvanA naM unmUlana vAste jana-jana naM upadeza diyo / vAM kA anusAra na koI sarvathA ucca hai / prara na koI sarvathA nIco / anekAnta hI mahAvIra rI ahiMsA darzana ko sAra hai | mahAvIra rA samavasaraNa mAMhi sabhI prakAra rA jIva samAna bhAva se dharmopadeza suraNabAM vAste ekatra huvA | mahAvIra rI. tapasyA se prabhAva itano vizAla ho ki siMha, sarapa, gAya, hiraNa, hAtha-Adiparaspara virodhI jIva bhI mAparo vaira bhAva chor3ara vA~ ke pAsa prema-bhAva se eka sAtha bhA baiThA / yA saba mahAvIra ro mahiMsaka tapa ro prabhAva rahyo / sahI bAta to bhA hai ki nahAvIra khuda to mahAna baNyAM hI paNa praparaNAM zrahiMsAdi prabhAva seM vaM prorA ne bhI mahAn baNAyAM / yAM pailA bhI hisAro rUpa mhAMne mile hai, para mahAvIra svAmI ahiMsA ne sabaso UMco zrAsana diyo ghara UMkI mahimAM jana-jana nai batAra manuSya manuSya meM dayA kI bhAvanA ko saMcAra karagho / IsU jagata mAhi zAMti vyApI | mahAvIra tana ra mana donyAM mAMhi ahiMsA ro pratipAdana karaco / iNIja bhAMti mahAvora deva ahiMsArA sA~cA pUta kahalAyA / Aja kA kAla mAMhi gAMdhI ro ahiMsA para bhI mahAvIra ro prabhAva hai, jIkU' kAraNa sUhI bhArata ne zrAjAdI milI /

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gotama, tyAga pramAda / -DaoN. manohara zarmA par3asI pIlo pAna so, yo tana hosI reta / gotama, nAM dina eka-sA, mata pramAda kara, ceta // 1 / / prosa-bUMda kusa-pAta para, bilasai thor3I baar| gotama, nara rI deha tyU', uTha, pramAda ne TAla / / 2 // bidhana bharagho saMsAra yo, meTa AgalA karma / gotama, thor3o jIvaNo, taja pramAda, suNa dharma / / 3 / / duralabha minakhA-deha yA, ghaNA karama-phala gUDha / gotama, tyAga pramAda tU, jItaba hArai mUDha // 4 // prANI nija nija karama sU, bharamai jaga-jaMjAla / gotama, gyAna bicAra mana. ara pramAda ne TAla // 5 // minakha-jamAro lAbha ke, prArajakula nA hoya / / gotama, tyAga pramAda tU, mUDha gayA jaga khoya // 6 // tana jIraNa DhIlo bhayo, kesa bhayA sira seta / gotama, tyAga pramAda tU, aba tero ke heta // 7 // jala meM basa jala sU bilaga, phUla kamala ro dekha / gotama, tyAga pramAda tU, tor3a moha jaga-rekha / / 8 / / dhana, dArA, suta tyAga kara, praNAgAra pada pAya / gotama, tyAga pramAda tU, ulaTI kara mata khAya / / 9 / / mata bhaTaka aba reta meM, karayo samaMdara pAra / gotama. tyAga pramAda ta, jIta liyo saMsAra // 10 // guNa kara vANI gyAna rI, gotama jANyo bheda / siddha-rUpa samaratha bhayo, rAga-dvasa ne cheda // 11 //

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bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa mahotsava ke zubha avasara para - zrI hukamacanda "anila" Aja mahAvIra prabhu mokSa ko padhAre the, mAtA trizalA, pitA siddhArtha ke dulAre the, aise prativIra kI saba AratI utAro re / pratama kI jyoti jagA, dIpa gIta gAo re // vIra ne satya ahiMsA kA patha batAyA thA, " jIyo aura jIne do' sabako yahI sunAyA thA, pAvana sanmati kA pATha jaga ko phira par3hAo re / dIpa se dIpa jale jJAna ujAlA phaile, vizva meM prema kI gaMgA lahara-lahara phaile, aisA mila kArya karo samaya mata gaMvAna re / vIra kI vANI ko suna, baira bhUla gaye prANI, zera aura bakarI piyeM eka ghATa para pAnI, tuma bhI taja bheda bhAva mitratA bar3hAyo re / jaina hai vizva dharma, dharma nahIM kAyara kA, anekAMta, syAdavAda, samatA dharma hai sabakA, jIvana meM bIra kA upadeza yaha utAro re / 1 manuSya deha prAja milI nija kA upakAra karo Atma kA bodha karo, bhava kA uddhAra karo vIra nirvAraNa varSa "anila" sira navAno re /

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4 D somd. Khosoor 1 kha eDa bosoosoo AMgla bhASA

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Lord Mahavira and Marx Dr. Harendra Pd. Verma Reader in Philosophy T. N. B. College, Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur Lord Mahavira and Karl Marx are the revolutionaries of their times. They are the products of decadence and the apostoles of renaissance. Both of them are against authority of tradition. Lord Mahavira opposed the blind following of the authorities and scriptures. ("No Logassasesanam Care"). He said that in the pursuit of truth man should follow the dictates of his own reason. Marx also holds that blind faith is not a virtue but an sign of mental slavery and foolishness. Hence the marxists test every thought on the touchstone of history and dialectical materialism and accept only the progressive ones and deplore those which are dogmatic, conservative and regressive. Marx's emphasis is on understanding and not on faith. Though Mahavira is a spiritualist and Marx, a materialist, both stand for radical social, political economic, and religious reconstructions. Atheistic and humanistic outlook Both Mahavira and Marx are atheists and humanists. Both of them denounce God as the creator, maintainer and destroyer of the universe and hold that from the viewpoint of substance, the universe in uncreated and eternal and from the viewpoint of modes only it is changing and evolving. It is not created by any God but is evolving. Friederich Engels, Marx's colloborator, wrote: ". in our revolutionary conception of the universe, there is absolutely no reason for either a Creator or a Ruler, and to talk of a supreme Being shut out from the existing world implies a contradiction in terms, and as it seems to me, a gratuitous insult to the feelings of religious people.""2 1. Both Mahavira and Marx made man the centre of the cosmos in place of God. They held that "Man is the measure of everything.' According to Mahavira 'Man is his own friend and his own enemy." In his self there is both heaven and hell", it is upto him to choose whatever he likes. There is no God to bind 1. Acharanga Sutra, 2. "Socialism: Utopian and Scientific" in Marx and Engels, Selected works, vol. III, 2nd Ed. Progress Publishers, Moscow, pp. 100-101. 3. Uttaradhyayan sutra, 20-36. 4. Ibid, 20-37.

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2 him or to grant him unchartered providences. Man reaps the consequence only of his own actions. Mahavira found that notion of God to be 'incompatible with. the freedom and dignity of man. If man's joys and sufferings are because of God, his endeavour is in vain and if he suffers or enjoys on his own accord, God is superfluous. Hence Mahavira does not accept any God as the dispenser of good and evil to man. He assigns total responsibility of actions to man and finds God a hinderance in the development of men. The notion of God makes man greedy, dependent and docile. Hence Mahavira banished God and made man the archi tect of his own fortune. Marx also found God as an impediment to the progress and development of man, He subscribes to the view of Feuerbach, who said, "Our enemy is God, the denial of God is the beginning of wisdom," Mahavira found God to be the legacy of Monarchy. It is the autocratic tradition that gives rise to the notion of a Ruler of the universe. The common man brought up in the autocratic tradition thinks that just as the kingdom is run by a king, the universe is also regulated and managed by a presiding Deity of the universe. Marx and marxists also maintain that God is the image of the king. Both Mahavira and Marx are against institutional religion which is based on dogmas and rituals. Mahavira criticized the Vedic ritualism and Marx declared: "Religion is the opium of the people." It intoxicates man and under the sway of its intoxication man forgets and endures his present sufferings and pulls on in the delusion of another world and the life hereafter. As a matter of fact, heaven and hell are only delusions and phantoms of human mind. Both Mahavira and Marx intended to bring the heaven down to the earth. Marx and Engels wrote: "In direct contrast to German philosophy which descends from heaven to earth, here we ascend from earth to heaven, that is to say, we do not set out from what men say, imagine, conceive, nor from men as narrated, thought of, imagined, conceived, in order to arrive at men in the flesh. He set out from real active men, and on the besis of their real life process we demonstrate the development of the ideological reflexes and echoes of this life-process...... Both Mahavira and Marx want to better the condition of man by removing the wrong beliefs and conservative outlook, and changing the prevailing circumstances and existing social 5. See Kailash Chandra Shastri, Jaina Dharma, Bha. Di Jaina Sangha, Mathura, Samvat 2475, p. 116. 6. See Ramesh Upadhyaya, Communist Naitikta, Jana Bhasa Prakashan, Jodhpur, 1974, p. 17. 7. Marx, Introduction to a Critique of Hegel's philosophy of Law, Quoted by Lenin, Religion, Bunman, p. 18. 8. "Feuerbach: Opposition of Materialistic and Idealistic outlook", Marx and Engels, selected works, vol. I, p. 25.

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3 set up. Mahavira maintained that man can attain happiness by conquering himself by himself. Marx also held that man can be the master of circumstances and can mend his lot by his own efforts. However, Marx's emphasis is more on the overthrowing of the existing social order than on rectroining oneself, because he believed that man suffers not because of his own fault but also because of the wrong social set-up. In the bourgeois set up the proletariats are bound to suffer for no fault of their own. Hence, human progress and happiness consistin eradicating the burgeois set up and constructing up a new in which there will be no class-distinction. But Mahavira believed that man's sufferings are the result of his own actions and hence his emphasis is more on restraining one's own self.10 However, both of them are for the happiness and welfare of humanity. Both Mahavira and Marx emphasize on the principle, "Live and let others live." Parasapare pagraho jivanam11. They lay stress on self-development as well as the development of society. Mahavira believed that man is not only the body (Pudgala), but also the self and has infinite power, knowledge, freedom and bliss (Ananta catustaya), and his destiny is to realize these possibilities. Even being a materialist, Marx accep's the superiority of man and human values. According to Dr. Radhakrishnan, Marx even denies God for he believes in the potential divinity of man."12 Mahavira also held that man is God himself. Every self is God not because of being a part of any Absolute conscioueness but by virtue of possessing infinite powers in himself. Marx also wrote: "In the first method of approach (absolutism) the starting point is consciousness taken as living indivi dual, in the second method (communism), which conforms to real life, it is the real living individuals themselves and consciousness is conceived as their conscious. ness. "13 13 The all round development of personality is the aim of both Mahavira and Marx, 2. Dialectical Materialism. Mahavira and Marx have similar views with regard to the nature and development of the universe. Though Mahavira is a spirituali.t, he does not minimise the importance of 'matter'. He accepts matter as the physical basis of the universe. According to him the universe comes into being by the modification of matter. Mahavira believes in the theory of auto-genetic creation (Svatah Sristivada) and maintains that the modification of matter is owing to the Law of 9. "Appanameva appanam jaitta suhamehaye" Uttaradhyayan sutra, 9.35, p. 178. 10. "Appa katta vikatta ya, dukkhan ya suhan ya" (Uttaradhyayan sutra 20-37). 11. Umaswami, Tattvartha sutra, 5-21. 12. Dr. Radhakrishnan, The concept of Man (Ed.), P.T. Raju., Preface. 13. "Feuerbach: Opposition of Materialistic and Idealistic Outlook", Selected Works, vol. I, p. 25.

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Nature; it is spontaneous and without the intervention of any supernatural being or God. In the Moolachara it is said : "The world is uncreated and eternal. It is created by Nature and is filled with living and non-living beings. It is eternal and vet growing and evolving like a palm tree."14 The world comes into being by the modification of Pudgala (matter and energy) which in itself is eternal and indestructible. The course of evolution is Dialectical following the principles of Differentiation (Bheda), Integration (Samghata), and Differentiation-in-integration (Bhed -Samghata). 15 As a matter has inherent contradiction the pairs of opposite qualities (like Snigdha and Ruksha Guna), it breaks by its own nature, it is negated (Bheda) or differentiated whereby atoms are produced. The atoms are by nature integrated to form a new synthesis (samghata). That synthesis becomes a fresh thesis and is negated and integrated again to form a new synthesis (Bheda. samghata), and in this way the dialectical development proceeds on. Marx also takes the evolution of the world as a natural and spontaneous process following the Dialectical course of 'thesis', 'Anti-thesis' and 'Synthesis'. He talks of the Laws of "Mutual penetration of the opposites" and "the Negation of Negation." According to the former law every subject contains its opposite within it, owing to which every thesis is negated by its anti-thesis. Mahavira calls it as Bheda. According to the latter law the Anti-thesis is further negated to form a synthesis. The idea is incorporated in Mahavira's notions of Samghata and Bheda-samghata. However, Marx also talks of the law of transition of quan:ity into quality owing to which inatter is transformed into consciousness. Mahavira does not subscribe to this view. He differs from Marx here because according to him consciousness is not a product of matter; it is co-ex.stent with matter. However, Mahavira can agree with Marx to the extent that body, specch, mind and vitality are the by-products of matter. ( sarira vaka Manah Prana Panah Pud galunam"). Mahavira does not accept the idea of the generation of consciousness from matter because acccording to him only like can produce the like. Consciousness cannot emerge from matter unless it is involved in it. As matter is unconscious and the self is conscious, the latter cannot emerge from the former. They are co-existent and co-ordinate realities. The soul can live in isolation from matter. Mahavira also talks of the liberation of the soul from the bondage of matter. But as Marx always found consciousness to be associated with the physical body, he considers consciou ness to be the product of the physical body. Marx and Engels wrote. "From the start the "spirit" is afflicted with the course of being "burdened" with matter, which here makes its appearance 14. Vattakeri, Moolachara, 8-28. (Ed.)Pannalal Soni, Manika Chandra Digambara Granthamala, Kashi, Samvat, 2476. 15. Bheda sam gharebhyah u papad yante, 5-26 Bhedadanuh 5-27 Bheda samghata bhyam cakshusah 5.28 Umaswami, Tattavarthasutra. 16. Tattararthasutra, 5-19.

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in the form of agitated layers of air, sound, in short, of language...consciousness is, therefore, from the very beginning a social product and remains so long as man exists at all."'17 3. The religious and ethical ideal The religious and ethical ideal of both Mahavira and Marx is the development of oneself and the betterment of the entire society, because self development without the development of the society at large has no meaning. The service of the suffering Humanity is, thus, the ethical virtue for both Mahavira and Marx. Man should not seek only his own happiness but should better the condition of those who are lowly and lost, for all souls are equal. Mahavira emphasized on seeing every soul as our own.18 According to him to support each other is the very nature of the living being. (Paras paro pagraho jivanam).19 Hence, Mahavira proclaimed his friendship and kinship with all living creatures. (Mitti me sarva bhu yesu, veram majham na kenavi).20 The ideal man (Tirthankara) of Jainism does not seek his own salvation, but having himself crossed the mighty ocean of the universe tries to make others also to cross it, without having any apparent motive for the same. Marx also corroborates to this view. His collaborator, Engels, wrote : "The possibility of purely human sentiments in our intercourse with other human beings has now a days been sufficiently curtailed by the society in which we must live, which is based upon class antagonism and class rule. We have no reason to curtail it still more by exialting these sentiments to a religion.21 Hence, it is evident that Marxism is also surcharged with an ideology which often puts the conventional religion to shame. It has a great ideal in the concept of the salvation of entire humanity, otherwise the marxists would not stand amidst the destitute, suffering and exploited multitude and would not have fought for their salvation and progress. The vow taken by Stalin on the death of Lenin reminds us the vow of a Tirthankar to redeem the suffering humanity and to salvage it : "We vow to you, comrade Lenin, that we will not spare our lives to strengthen and extend the union of toilers of the whole world." 17. "Feuerbach : Opposition of Materialistic and Idealistic outlook", Selected works, vol. I, p. 32. 18. Sutra Kritanga sutra 1-12-18: 19. Tattvartha sutra, 5-19. 20. Sraman sutra, 30-3. 21. "Feuerbach and the end of classical German Philosophy", Selected works, vol. III, p. 356.

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4. The economic ideal: Equal distribution If Marx holds that every individual has the equal right to property and natural resources, Mahavira also holds the same. Both are for the equal distribution of wealth. If Marx established the principle: "From each according to his ability and to each according to his need", Mahavira also declared that 'those who do not equally distribute do not deserve salvation.' ("Asamvibhagi tassa no mokho"),22 Marx calls capital as legal robbery for it is accumulated by the exploitation of the toilers, Mahavira declares it to be the venom issuing from the greed and indolence of man. (Murcha Parigrah), 28 For the eradication of exploitation in the name of property and power Marx suggested the 'abolition of private property.'24 Mahavira emphasized the virtues of non-stealing (Asteya) and non-hoarding (Aparigrah). He said: "Just as the bees live on the pollon of the flower without injuring to the beauty and fragrance of it, likewise one should live in the society without injuring and exploiting others and taking not more than one's requirements."25 Marx also dreams of a society in which the means of production are under the control of certain public institutions and the members of the society will live happily without feeling of stings of wants and poverty-a society where there will be no exploitation. The social ideal: Casteless, Classless society. The distinction of class and creed and caste has been a source of exploitation from time immemorial. It pinched and pained both Mahavira and Marx to the core of their hearts. Hence both of them raised voice against such exploitation and social injustice. Marx wanted to overthrow the present structure of society which is rotten and stinking. Marx openly declared: "The communists disdain to conceal their views and aims. They openly declare that their ends can be attained by the foible overthrow of all existing social conditions, '2 Marx intended to establish a casteless and classless society-"a society in which the developing of each is the condition for the development of all." Mahavira also opposed the exploitation of the lowly and lost in the name of caste. According to him basically all indivi duals are equal. The distinctions of caste and class are only accidental and phenomenal, they are not elemental. The determination of caste should be on the basis 22. Dasa vaikalika sutra, 9-2-22. 23. Tatt artha sutra, 7.17. 24. Marx and Engels, "The Communist Manifesto", Selected works vol. I, p. 120. 25. Jaha dummassa puphphesu, bhamro aviyai vasam, Na ya pupham kilameyi, so ya pineyi appayam. Dasavai kalika sutra. 1.2. 26. Communist Manifesto" Selected works, vol. I p. 37.

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of action and not on the basis of birth and heredity. Mahavira said, "It is accor ding to ones action that one is characterized as Brahmin, Ksatriya, Vaisya and Sudra." What counts is virtue 20 and not caste and class. Mahavira wanted to establish "a kingdom of ends" where there should be no discrimination of high or low, superior or inferior, 6. The political ideal: Stateless society The political ideal of both Marx and Mahavira is the establishment of a society where state will not exist as a coersive force-a society in which there will be the rule of everybody on everybody. Morality will not be forced but self-imposed. Everybody will be conscientious in his duty and as such there will be no clash of interests, nor will there be any governmental agency as a coersive machinery to impose the moral laws. "The state will wither away." The republican ideal was saturated in the blood of Mahavira and hence he dreamt of a society in which every body should be a king in himself (Aham Indra), there will be neither coersion nor subjugation. Liberty, equality and freternity will be the rule in that society. Self-restraint (Atmanusasana) will be the only mechanism of Anusasana (administration). The notion of Aham Indra thus runs parallel to Marx's conception of "stateless society." All these go to show that both Mahavira and Marx shared the same ideals. Though by birth they were separated by a stretch of 2500 years, still they charished the same dreams, the realization of which is the bounden duty of the prosperity, especially when we are celebrating the 2500th Nirvan anniversary of Lord Mahavira. 27. Kammuna bambhano hoi, kammuna hoi khathio Vaiso kammuna hoi, sudho havai kammuna 7 (Uttaradhyayan Sutra, 25/33.) 28. "Gunehi Sahu, Agunehi asahu". Desvaikalika sutra 9/3/11.

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Transitoriness of Health and Wealth Health and wealth are shortliving, Like the shining pearl of dew, As that of bubbles, sparks, lightening Those having them always, are even few ? Old age ouercomes the blooming youth Human body turns quite lean and Pale Never runs the life-pace smooth O mind's equilibrium ! to thee, I hail. The equilibrium of thoughts at appex of Robust health and immense pelf, At any rate should not be shaken off It is the joy of tranquil self. Self is permanent and stable No death can make it die, But health and wealth are perishable They will surely one day fly. -V. P. JAIN

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Fundamentals of Jaina Mysticism Dr. Kamal Chand Sogani Reader in Philosophy University of Udaipur, Udaipur (Rajasthan) In the cultural history of mankind, there have been persons ho regard spiritual quest as constituting the essential meaning of life. In spite of the marked environmental differences, their investigations have exhibited remarkable similarity of experience and expression. Such persons are styled mystics and the phenomenon is known as mysticism. Like the mystics of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam etc., Jaina mystics have made abundant contribution to the mystical literature as such. They have dealt with mysticism quite systematically and in great detail. The equivalent expressions in Jainism for the word 'mysticism' are : Suddhopayoga, Arhat and Siddha state, Panditi-Pandita Marana, Paramatmanhood, Svasamaya, Paradisti, Ahimsa, Samatva. etc. All these expressions convey identical meaning of realising the transcendental self. The traditional definiton of Jaina mysticism may be stated thus : Mysticism consists in the attainment of Arhat-hood or Siddha-hood through the medium of Samyagdarsana (spiritual a wakening), Samyag-jnana (spiritual knowledge) and Samyakcaritra (spiritual conduct) after dispilling Mithyadarsana (perverted attitude), Mithyajnana (perverted knowledge) and Mithyacaritra (perverted conduct). Kundakunda records departure from this terminology when he says : Mysticism consists in realising the Paramatman transcendental self) through the Antaratman (awakened self) after renouncing the Bahira in an (bodily selt). Haribhardra also employes a different terminology when he announced: Mys.icism consists in attaining to Paradrsti (transcendental insight) hrough Sthirt (steady spiritual insight), Kanta and Prabha Drstis (elementary and deep meditational insights) after passing through Mitra. Tara, Bala, and Dipra Drstis. All these definitions of mysticism are fundamentally the same. Paramaiman refers to Arhat-hood, Siddha-hood and Paradrsti: Antaratman points to Samyagdarsana, Sthirdisti, and Samadrsti; and consequently to Sainyagjna ia, Sainyakcaritra and the Kanta and Prabha Drstis; Bahiratman refers to Mithyadarsana along with Mitta, Tara, Bala and Dipra Drstis and consequently to Mithyajnana, and Mithyacaritra. Thus we may say that the Paramatman is the true goal of the mystic quest. The journey from the Antaratman to the Paramatman is traversed through the medium of mural and intellectual preparations, which purge everything obstructing the emergence of potential divinity. Before this final accomplishment

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10 a stage of vision and fall may intervene. Thus the whole mystic may be put as follows: (1) Spiritual awakening (2) Purgation, (3) Illumination (4) Dark-night of the soul, and (5) Transcendental life. Dark period of the self prior to spiritual awakening In this stage the empirical souls remain in a perpetual state of spiritual ignorance owing to the beginningless functions of Mohaniya (deluding) Karma. This Karma on the psychical side engenders a complex state of 'Moha' having perverted belief (Mithyadarsana) and perverted conduct (Mithyacaritra) as its ingredients. Here the effect of Mithyadarsana is so dominant that the self does not evince its inclination to the spiritual path, just as the man invaded by bileinfected fever does not have liking for sweet juice. This Mithyadarsana vittiates knowledges and conduct alike, In its presence both knowledge and conduct, however extensive and suffused with morality they may be, are impotent to disinte grate the hostile elements of the soul and to lead us to those superb heights which are called mystical. Consequently the darkest period in the history of the self is the one when the self is overwhelmed by Mithyadarsana. It obstructs all our mystical endeavours. Thus the plight plight of the the self in self in this stage resembles totally ecli sed moon or a completely clouded sky. It is a state of spiritual slumber with the pecularity that the self itself is not cognizant of its drowsy state. Led astray by the perverted attitude, the soul staying in this stage identifies itself with bodily colour, physical frame, sex, caste, creed, family, friends and wealth. The consequence is that it is constantly obsessed with the fear of self-annihilation on the annihilation of the body and the like and is tormented even by the thought of death. Kundakunda and following him, Yogindu, Pujyapada, Subhacandra, Karttikeya etc. recognise this stage as the state of Bahiratman. that of a 1. Spiritual awakening: Spiritual awakening is the result of Granthibheda (cutting the knot of ignorance). By virtue of cutting the knot, the Bhinnagranthi sees supreme verity and acquires unswerving conviction in the true self. This occurrence of Samyagdarsana (spiritual awakening) is consequent upon the instruction of those who have realised the divine within themselves or are on the path of divine realisation. Yogindu points out that insight is attained by the Atman, when at an opportune time, delusion is destroyed. "Even as a person born blind can see the world as it is on the sudden acquisition of eyesight, so can a soul having experienced the vision can see the truth as it is". "Even as a person suffering from long-drawn disease experiences extreme delight on the sudden disappearance of the disease, so does a soul eternally bound to the wheel of worldly existence feels spiritual joy and bliss on the sudden dawn of enlightenment."

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This is to be borne in mind that the spiritual awakening is to be sharply distinguished from the moral and the intellectual awakening. Even if the man prior to spiritual awakening gets endowed with the capacity of intellectual and moral achievements, it cannot be said to have dispelled the darkness spiritual. The characters portrayed by Jaina Acaryas of Dravya-lingi Muni and some of the Abhavyas who have attained to the fair height of intellectual knowledge and moral upliftment illustrate this sort of life without spiritual awakening. Thus the flower of Mysticism does not blossom by the water of mere morality and intellectuality, but requires spiritual manure along with it. It will not be idle to point out here that the soul in this stage is called Samyagdristi, Antaratman, Bhinnagranthi, and the occupant of Sthiradrsti. Being spiritually converted, the Samyagdrsti considers his own self as genuine abode, regarding the outward physical dwelling places as artificial. He renounces all identification with the animate and inanimate objects of the world and properly weighs them in the balance of his discriminative knowledge. His is the only self that has acquired the right of Moksa. Besides, he practices universal compassion (Anukampa), does not hanker after worldly opulence and empyreal pleasures, shows no feeling of disgust at the various bodily conditions caused by disease, hunger etc. and is free from all fears. Again, being overwhelmed by fear, inferiority and greed for profit, he does not recognise Himsa as Dharma. Apart from this, he has deep affection for spiritual matters and strengthens the conviction of those who are faltering in their loyality to the path of righteousness and disseminates spiritual religion through various means best suited to time and place. Fall from spiritual awakening : If the spiritual awakening is due to the total annhilation of Darsana Mohaniya (vision-deluding) Karma, the self has thrown over all the chances of its fall to the lower stage. But if the spiritual awakening is consequent upon the suppression of Darsana Mohaniya Karma, the self either falls to the lower stage or remains in the same stage with the emergence of certain defects ordinarily incognisable. 2. Purcation : After dispelling the dense and intense darkness caused by the visiondeluding Darsana Mohaniya) Karma, the ardent longing of the awakened self is to purge the conduct deluding (Caritra Mohaniya) Karma which now stands between it and the transcendental self. Only those who are in possession of sturdy will are capable of doing so, says Amrtacandra. In this stage, the aspirant gradually makes himself free from all Himsa root and branch. In consequence, he first adopts the five partial vows (Anuvratas) in order to sustain the central virtue of Ahimsa, as far as possible. This state of self's journey may be

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called partial purgation since here the aspirant avoids intentional Himsa of two to five sensed Jivas, but he has to commit the intentional Himsa of one-sensed Jivas, namely the vegetable bodied, fire bodied etc. Besides, the Himsa which is committed in being engaged in a certain profession in performing domestic activities, and in adopting defensive measures cannot be avoided by him. Afterwards, the aspirant, being motivated by certain incentives to spiritual life (Anuprakasa) becomes a saint in order to negate Himsa to the last degree. In consequence, the saint observes five Mahavratas and practises internal and external austerities with special attention to meditation, devotion, and Svadhyaya. Besides, he gets food by begging, eats only a little, gets over sleep, endures troubles, practises universal friendship, adheres to spiritual upliftment, and turns away from acquisitions, associations and life-iujuring activities. Thus from the life of saint, vice totally vanishes and there remains virtue which will also be trancended as soon as the flight into the realm of spirit is made. 3. Illumination By the time the aspirant reaches this stage, he has developed a power of spiritual attention, of selfmerging and of gazing into the ground of the soul. It is through the aid of deep meditation that the mystic now pursues the higher path. Pujyapada rightly observes that meditation produces supreme ecstasy in a mystic who is firmly established in the self. Such an ecstatic consciousness is potent enough to burn the Karmic fuel; and then the person remains unaffected by external trouble and never experiences discomposure. In consequence, he moves. higher where exists the state of profound purity. If the self follows the process of annihilition instead of suppression it rises directly to transcendental life. Here the conduct deluding Karma is destroyed instead of being suppressed. 4. Dark night of the soul post-illumination Owing to the suppressed passions gaining strength the illuminated consciousness falls either to total darkness or to the stage of spiritual awakening. The consequence is that the ecstatic awareness of the transcendental self gets negated and an overwhelming sense of darkness envelops the mystic. It may be noted that not all mystics experience this dark night. Those of them who ascend the ladder of annihilation escape this tragic period, whereas those who ascend the Ladder of suppression succumb to its dangers and pains. Mystics of the latter type no doub. will also reach the pinnacle of transcendental life, but only when they climb up the ladder of annihilation either in this life or in some other to come. Transcendental life The slumbering and the unawakened soul, after passing through the stages of spiritual awakening, moral and intellectual preparation, now arrives at the 5.

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13 sublime destination by dint of ascending the rungs of meditational ladder. In this stage the soul now possesses dispassionate activities along with omniscience (Kevalajnana). It is a state of Jivana Mukta, a supermental state of existence and an example of divine life upon earth. The self becomes Arhat. It may be noted here that the self in this stage is called Paramatman, and the possessor of Paradrsti. This perfected mystic is established in truth in all directions. He experiences bliss, which is supersensious, unique, infinite, and interminable. Whatever issues from him is potent enough to abrogate the miseries of tormented humanity. His presence is supremely enlightening. He is the spiritual leader of society. Just as a mother educates her child for its benefit and a kind physician cures diseased orphans, so also the perfected mystic instructs humanity for its upliftment and dispenses spiritual pills to the suffering humanity. He is always awake. He has transcended the dualities of friends and foes, pleasure and pain, praise and censure, life and death, sand and gold, attachment and aversion. Since he is the embodiment of spiritual virtues, he leads a life of supermoralism but not of a-moralism. Thus we may conclude by saying that the cognitive conative, and affective tendencies of the perfected mystic reveal their original manifestation in supreme mystical experience, which is ineffable and transcends all the similies of the world. After this, disembodied liberation results (Videha Mukti). The self now carns the title of Siddha'. My faith in non-voilence remains as strong as ever. I am quite sure that only should it answer all our requirements in our country, but that it should, if properly applied, prevent the bloodshed that is going on outside India and is threatening to overwhelm the Western World'. -Gandhiji

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The Message of Dharma Let your tempered self have bath In cool stream of forgiveness, Give no quarter to resentment, wrath And soft feelings you do possess. In pure learning's radiant light, Travel on your life's course In every moment of delight Don't be ruled by animal force. Let truth become the guiding star, In dense, dark worldly night. By right conduct can reach so far, To Eternal Home, which's bright. With self control morch on the way 70 sublime goal of true nature Thus be, O soul. quite happy and gay And finish up the world's torture. -- V. P. Jain

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Serpent-Cult and Jain-Tirthankaras BY Digamber Das Jain, Advocate Gauri Shanker Bazar, Saharanpur. Serpent cult is Pre-Aryan. Ministry of Information Government of India informs us that Serpent Worship was prevelent all over India in Prevedic period.2 According to Indian Buddhist serpents are found in various colours, which significant their merits. Red serpents belong to Kshatri Clan. Mayank to Brahamans, Yellow to Vaishyas and black to Shudras. The great Hindu Saint Balmiki referred it in his Ramayan.2 C.F. Oldman firmly established reference of Assuras and Sarpas (Serpents) in Rigveda3 and of Assuras and Nagas (serpents) in Mahabharata." Jaina scriptures Parsva Puran and Uttara Puran too refer serpent cult. Surpents are believed guardians and custodians of wealth. They are supposed to ward off all evils, to bring prosperity, to bestow long life and to attribute good fortune. They are deemed to possess a device nature and power of renewing youths so they are engraved on the crowns of kings and queens and in the holy hands of certain Chothomic Goddess.8 7th Jain Tirthankara Suparsva Nath, crowned king of Varanasi, who lived long befre Aryans reached Ganga and during the time when the Indus Valley Civilization was in full develop nent, is the first great man, who is found connected with the Serpent Cult. His incient images have five hood serpents on his head. The famous archaeologist Shri P.C. Roy Choudhuri found one such his image unearthed from Dewali near Man Bhu ni of Chotta Nagpur division of 1. Dilwara Temples, Published by Ministry of Information, 2. Balmiki Ramayana, 1. 195. also Chapter 67, SLOKA 49. 3. S. Padmanabhan, Nagraja Temple, p. 1. 4. Ibid. 5. Punyashrava Katha Kosh, (Calcutta) p. 182. 6. James Fergusson, Trees and Serpent Worship, p. 5. 7. Henrich Zimmer, The Art of Indian Asia Vol. II. 8. Bed rich Hrozng, Ancient History of Western Asia, India and Crate, fig. 134, p. 222. 9. Parsvanatha image contain 3, 7 or 11 serpent hoods while those of Suparsva nath 1, 5 or 9-Anekant August 1970 p. 112.

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16 Bihar province, 10 A nude standing Suparsvanath image with serpent hoods is unearthed from a place near Seoni (M.P.). The photo of the image and its beautiful temple appeared on 2nd cover of Ahinsa Bani, Oct., 1963. A very attractive image of Suparsvanath is unearthed from Kongli district Berrely with 5 hood serpent and is preserved in Govt. Museum, at Madras," Similar images are found from village Mohmadi in district Kheri of U.P. which is in provincial museum Lucknow. One such is in Kashi Bharat Kala Bhawan Museum, Varanasi, with Museum No. 255. An eminent scholar S. Padmanabhan of Negercoil indicates that his city Negercoil has derived its name from the five hooded serpents diety of Nagraja (king of serpents Suparsvanatha) Temple13 whose Mandapa Pillars bear carved figures of Jain Tirthankaras,14 whose diety is wonderful in fulfilling one's wishes and curing even deadly diseases 15 The King of Kaling (S.I.) who was stricken with leprosy, hearing miraculous fame of the image, came to the temple and did penance before it with the result that he was fully cured1 and in gratitude built its present beautiful temple.17 Is it not another wonder of the five hooded serpents miraculous diety that even though there are plenty of coberas in side the temple, no case of snake bite has ever occurred within a mile of the temple,18 Mugal Emperor, Akbar the great to distroy the evil effect of his son. Shekho's daughter go, read Ashtauttar Path of Suparsva Nath and presented to the Lord Suparsva Nath temple one lakh rupees according to "Shureshvara and Mughal Smrat Akbar', page 154. Prof. Dr. Jayanti Pd. in this historical work, mentions that in the auspicious sacred ceremony of gold-kalash of Suparsva Nath performed by general Kram Chand Akbar the Great participated and rubbed Bath-Water of Suparsva Nath, with his fore head with great respect and honour and sent the Bath water for his queens in his royal palace where his queens also. rubbed the water with their fore heads with full faith. Akbar offered 1000 gold coins to Suparsva-image, 18 The royal emblem of Suparsvanath is Svastika. Almost all his images bear at their pedestals. Such image is found at Chandergiri, Shrvanbelgola, 10. Amrit Bazar Patrika, Special Puja Number 1956. 11. Religion of Tirthankaras, plate 16 fig. 35. 66. 12. Ram Chandran, Director Arch. Govt. of India, Monuments of India P. 13. S. Padmanabhan, Nagraja Temple, p. 5. 14. S. Padmanabhan, "In and around Kanya Kumari, p. 3. 15. Nagraja Temple, p. 6. 16. Ibid. 17. Ibid. 18. Dr. James Hastings, Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethic, Vol. XI p. 418. 18a. Bhartiya Itihas-Ek Drshti-page 488.

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$17 Mysoore.19 Voice of Ahinsa, Sept. 1970 on its page 212 has given a Photo of Suparsvanath image which contains 5 hoods serpents at head & Sv stika at Pedestal. Jain cave at Khandgiri (Orissa) contains serpants at its gate to represent Jain Tirthankara. Suparsvanath's emblem Svastika is also found along with 2 serpents on the tiles of Geomestrie period of antigue Greece,20 The nude yogi Suparsva Nath while going to Afghanistan, Iran, Egypt, Greece, Africa, Europe, America etc. foreign countries on Six-Khanda religious tour visited Haryana, Punjab, Himachal, Sindh, Texila and Indus Valley, and being influenced with his teachings the people of those places worshipped him and installed his images and his representing figures Svastika, and serpents in his honour and memory. A seal bearing 2 snakes, one on each side of a nude yogi (Suparsvanath's) discovered from Mohen Jodaro21 (Sindhu Ghati) leaves no room to doubt Suparsvanath's worship through serpents and Swastika worship.22 Thus historicity of Suparsva Nath 7th Tirthankara can not be denied, Vedas, non Jain literature Hindu & Muslim Kings respect coupled with archacological evidence, prove well the historicity of Suparsva Nath. The 23rd Tirthankara Parasvanath is admittedly an hisiorical person 23 His royal emblem is serpent24 which is focad on all his image-pendestals when he was in deep meditation at Ram Nagar of district Bareilly in U.P. the king of serpents Dharnendra spreaded his large hood as Umbrella on his head to save against the heavy evil rain caused by his previously birthed enemy and his queen Padmavati got him seated at her raised hood to protect against the rain flood water. From this very day the place is called Ahi (serpent) Chhatra (Umbrella) in the memory of this great event. This historical fact is well supported by archaeological evidence as such hooded serpent miraculous image of Parsvanatha is discovered from Ahi Chhatra, which may be seen even to day in Jain Temple there. The Kings being followers of Parsvanath and his image with canophy of sevin hooded serpent (Nag) on his head (shish) were called Shish Nag VansiHistory corroborates the fact that famous historical Enperor of Magadha (Bihar). Shrehik Bimbsar was of Shish-Nag Vans. 19. Jain Shila-lekh Singrah, Vol. I. 20. H. Th. Bossert Ornament (London) 1924, Plate II fig. 4-7-9. 21. Ahinsa Bani, 1963, p. 214. 22. Our article "Miracles of Swastika," Debe Dhuwani (Agra) March 1968, p.15. 23. VOA Parsvanath Special Edition. 24. Images of Parsvanath contain 3, 7, 11, (108 or 1001) serpent hood at his head. Anekant, Aug. 1970 p. 112.

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18 Parsvanath and Suparsvanath both Tirthankaras visited & preached Jainism all over the six Khandas which includes the entire present world in prehistorical period and Jain Kings like Bimbsar Srenik, Chandra Gupta Maurya, Sampriti and Kaling Emperor Kharvel etc. had sent missionaries, to preach Jainisin in foreign count:ies in historical period so it is natural that their representation serpent as well as swastika worship is found there. H. Frank Fort has indicated that serpent worship existed 4000 years ago in Babylonia25 Serpent worship prevailed in Egypt.26 Seals unearthed from Mohenjodaro (Pakistan) proves serpent worship in Indus Valley (Pakistan).27 In Rome serpents were kept in large numbers in temples 28 Fergusson found serpent worship in Maxico and Dahomey.29 Serpent worship existed in Thai Land30 and their people used to celebrate surpents festival like Indian people. There are images of Parsvanath with serpent hood in various museums there. 31 Swastika the royal symbol of Suparsva also enjoyed great respect to America. Serpents the sacred representation of holy Tirthankaras, can not be so cruel and unkind as we suppose. They bite only in defence or taking revenge. A snake bite the son of a magician who complaint to the king of snakes. He summoned all the snakes of locality and asked who & why bite his son. A snake told that his son killed his serpani, a few days back without any cause so he bite to take revenge. The man admitting the fact said that searing she might not bite, he killed. The king said even snakes have a right to pass over the earth. His son was at fault and not snake. Lord Parsvanath saved burning a couple of snakes, in gratitude, they saved the Lord when he was in deep medidation at Ahi-Chetra in District Bareily of Uttar Pradesh, against the evil rain of his enemy. Jain Acharya Shanti Sagar when were in meditation in 1955 a snake played on his body, continuously for hours and left without harming anybody even in present 20th century A.D.32 When the European philosopher Mr. Plenton was visiting great Indian Saint Scholar Raman's Ashram, suddenly an horrible, large black-snake came out of nereby bush, the European ran after him with stick to kill, a disciple obstracted and took the 25. Illustrated London News, Sept. 5, 1936. fig. II, p. 390. 26. Herodotus-II-74. 27. Henrich Zimmer. The Art of Indian Asia, Vol. II. Plate 2-C. 28. Furgusson-loc. cit, p. 48. 29. Ibid p. 8 & 10. 30. Temples & Sculptures of South East Asia, (London) Tricoloured Plates No. 35, 36, 37, 33, 34, 259, 391, 412 & 413. 31. Ibid. 32. Hindi Jain Gazette Shanti Sagar Special Ank.

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snake in his hand. The snake did not harm him. European asked reason. The discipile told him when they don't harm other how they can harm us? An American scientist Mr. Ramulus Bahitekar is busy in research of serpent cult. at Madras. He has collected a number of serpents and has written an article in Dharam Youg of 20 & 27 December 1970 that there are more than 230 kinds of serpents out of these 50 are poisonous out of which only 4 kinds are seeing on earth rest 180 are poisonless and harmless. They also love their lives like us and have a right to pass over the earth so we should not kill them. Historical, Archological and literary prove that they are representation of Jaina Tirthankaras Parsvanath & Suparsvanath, whom people worship through out all over the world. AHINSA 1. Ahinsa is the true character of life, for it appears to all the men and beasts alike. It engenders in them love, trust and friendlyness. 2. Ahinsa does not mean any religious faith, it rather represents that sweet and loving character which makes life worthliving, which sustains it through helpless condition and makes it capable of growing into society. 3. Ahinsa is the inner urge of life to love and behave others in a way as one would like to be loved and behaved by others. 19

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Why Groan! Why groan ? It's not thy nature, self! It appears due to thy wrong will, Why honkecing after pleasure and pelf Thy change of salvation, they kill. To remove, groaning, pale youth, age To shatter all the Karmic chains To put an end the body's cage To finish, in short, all worldly pains. Let us have right faith of true Self, Let us traverse right corduct's way Let thus be removed the matter's delf. Let usher truth to be happy and gay. Let introspect in self domain No anxieties will ever remain. ---V. P. Jain.

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Development of Jaina Art in Madhya Pradesh BY K. D. Bajpai Geographically the present region of Madhya Pradesh occupies the central position in the country. The recent excavations and explorations in some parts of the Chambal and Narmada valleys have thrown welcome light on the protohistoric Chalcolithic culture of central India. The work conducted by the Sagar University in the districts of Raisen, Sehore and Sagar has brought to light a number of interesting painted rock-shelters, implements and other relics, which may be called the vestiges of the ancient Sabara-Nisada cultures of the Vindhya region. As regards Jainism, the early evidence of its spread in the Madhya Pradesh region is lacking. The Jaina tradition mentions the ancient city of Vidisha, where the image of Tirthankara Mahavira in the form of Jiantaswami was worshipped. It is said that this image was brought by king Pradyota of Avanti from Roruka (in Sindhu-Sauvira kingdom). Ratha yatra processions were held in honour of the image at Vidisha, as is known from the works like Avas yaka Curni and the Vasudeva Hindi. Another city claiming association with Jainism was Ujjayini. The Kalakacar ya Kathanaka and other traditional accounts may be mentioned in this connection, But in so far as the early art-relics are concerned, the Jaina pantheon did not make a mark in central India as did Buddhism. The well-known centres of the Buddhist art, Bharhut and Sanchi, flourished during the Sunga-Satavahana period. The rich and colourful art of these two sites occupies a significant place in our art-history. Vidisha became a centre of Yaksa worship in the Sunga-Sata-vahana period. Several Yaksa and Yaksi images, so far discovered at Vidisha, are remarkable both from the aesthetic and iconographic points of view. The colossal Yaksa and Yaksi statues salvaged from the Betava river a few years back (now deposited in the Vidisha Museum) are very remarkable. The Naga cult also had its growth at Vidisha, although its development here was subsequent to that of the Yaksa

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22 Cult. The Naga worship, both in the human and serpent form, was current in Vidisha and the region around from the time of the Naga rule to the early Medieval times. The Saka-Kushana period witnessed the emergence of Mathura as a great art-centre par-excellence in Madhya-desa. Jainism and Buddhism found a congenial atmosphere at Mathura for their growth through visual forms. The numer ous art-objects from Mathura associated with these two religions eloquently prove this. Vidisha can be said to be the first important town in central India which came in contact with Mathura during the Kushana reign. In the succeeding period of the Naga rule, Mathura had closer relations with Kantipuri (Kutwar in the Morena district), Padmavati (Pawaya near Gwalior) and Vidisha. It is interesting to note that some of the art-relics discovered at Pawaya and Vidisha, assignable to the 2nd-3rd centuries A. D., bear a clear impact of the Mathura style. The emotional vision (rasa-dristi) of the artists of Mathura endowed the visual forms of art with the dance and song of life. The sculpture was thus given the ennobling form of lalitakala, as visualised by Asvaghosa, Kalidasa and others. The Mathura sculptors were past masters in diffusion of the aesthetic beauty in the art-objects. It was at Mathura that the India Tirthankara images were given, for the first time, their distinctive iconographic symbology. The Srivatsa symbol appears clearly on the Jaina images of Mathura. It may be mentioned here that the so called earliest Tirthankara image from Lohanipur (near Patna) does not bear this symbol on the chest. The poor anatomical composition of this sculpture may also be taken into account while assigning an early date to it. The recent discovery of three inscribed Tirthankara images near Vidisha. has brought to light evidence of unusual historical significance. Two of the images, according to the inscriptions on their pedestals, are of Candraprabha and the third one is that of Pushpadanta. The inscriptions clearly indicate that these statues were caused to be made by Maharajadhiraja Ramagupta. I have no doubt that this Ramagupta is identical with the elder brother of Candragupta Vikramaditya. He can be identified with the ruler whose copper coins, in quite a large? number, are now known from the Vidisha region and who, like other rulers of the Imperial Gupta dynasty, bore the title of Maharajadhiraja. A close study of these interesting Jaina statues, reveals that their composition beare close affinities with the Tirthankara and Buddhist images of Mathura, assignable to the transitional period or to the early Gupta Age. The seating posture in dhyanamudra, the anatomical details of the body, the scalloped

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28 halo behind the head and the Srivat sa symbol on the chest can be compared with those on several known Tirthanka images in the Mathura art. The two deva chauri-bearers, wearing ard horuka, uttari ya and ornaments including the typical mukuta, are also noteworthy. The pedestal shows in the centre the cakra symbol flanked on each side by a lion with the tail raised. One type of the Ramagupta bears the figure of a lion with the tail raised similar to this. . These Tirthankara images are carved in the round, exhibiting the back view of the Tirthankaras and those of the draped figures of the two attendants. This feature is imitated from the well-known Mathura device. The stone of these three images is the local sandstone of Vidisha. The paleography of the Brahmi script on the pedestals is similar to that occuring in the Udaigiri and Sanchi inscrip. tions of Candragupta Vikramaditya. During the Gupta Age the art of carving and installation of Tirthankara images continued, although the extent examples from Madhya Pradesh are a few only. The image of Parsvanatha carved during the region of Kumaragupta in cave no. 20 of Udaigiri near Vidisha can be mentioned in this connection. It has the usual characteristics of the Gupta Tirthankara images known from Mathura, Kaushambi and other sites in the north India. A Tirthankara image from Sira hills near Saleha in the Panna dist.) datable to about 500 A.D. is another important sculpture. Mention may here be made of Deogarh (now in the Jhansi dist.). During the Gupta agc Deogarh became an important centre of art. The Dasavatara temple of Visnu, with its artistic statuary, is well-known. Near the Dasavatara temple on the hillock a Jaina establishment was set up during the post-Gupta age. Several Jaina temples, with quite a large number of icons, were built up here upto the 12th century A.D. This Jaina centre at Deogarh did considerable work of diffusing its religious tenets in the region around. The temples and art-relics at Chanderi, Dudhai, Chandpur and other sites indicate this. The Jaina Bhattaraka cult had its predominance at Deogarh for quite a long time. The rise of the Classical Gupta art of Central India can be associated with the reign of Candragupta Vikramaditya. Under his patronage, monuments and sculptures of abiding beauty were carved at Udaigiri, Sanchi. Eran, Pawaya and Tigwa. These were followed by similar art-relics at Bhumro, Nachna, Tumain, Unchehra, Mandasor, etc. The classical traits are discernible in the few Jaina images of the Gupta age and also of the Gurajara-Pratihara period in the region of Madhya Pradesh. These relics can be seen in the Gwalior, Dhubela and Indore Museums and also at Vidisha, Badoh and Pathari. The Medieval Jaina art has the usual chraracteristics of profuse ornamentation and iconomcntry. The iconographic details of the Jaina pantheon

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had been worked out by now, and the artists were compelled to pay more attention to the prescribed iconic norms than to the aesthetic sense of composition. The richness of the contemporary Jaina community and the partronage received from the rulers contributed to the mass development of art in various parts of Madhya Pradesh. The numerous temples and sculptures from Khajuraho, Ajaigarh, Mohendra, Chanderi, Ahar, Terhi, Damoh, Ujjain. Gandhrawal, Gyaraspur, Bhanpura, Gwalior and several other sites furnish a rich material for the study of iconographic details. The Chandellas were great patrons of art. Not only at Khajuraho but also at their other centres, viz. Ajaigarh, Mahoba and Kalinjar, Jaina temples and sculptures in large numbers were carved. As regards Khajuraho, it may be mentioned that the Saiva, Sakta and Vaisnava cults were more prominent there for quite a long time. It was at a later stage that the Jaina achar yas settled at the eastern group of temples at Khajuraho and established their centre there. The Medieval Jaina art of Madhya Pradesh has almost the same merits and demerits which we notice in the contemporary art of central India. Those who show mercy towards the weak the oppressed, and the ignorant will ever find mercy in life. Ahipsa is the park of divinity, heritage of universal sout. It binds all into unity. It gives solace here and hereafter: It should ever be nourished like the secred flame. . . .

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2,500 years of Jainism BY Muni Shri Mahendra Kumarji, B. Sc. (Hons.) India which is renowed for its cultural heritage and spiritual treasures, owes much to the Religion of Ahimsa, Aparigraha and Anekantavada (nonviolence, non-acquisitiveness and non-absolutism), preached by the Jain Tirthankaras from pre-historic times. Lord Rishabh who was the first Jain Tirthankara finds mention in the Rigveda and also other ancient Hindu literature. The 22nd Jain Tirthankara-Lord Aristanemi was the contemporary of Shri Krishna Vasudeva, and Lord Parsvanath, the 23rd Tirthankara has been proved to be a historical personage living in 877 B.C.-777 B.C. Bhagwan Mahavira born 599 B.C. was the 24th Tirthankara. Mahavira's Life Bhagwan Mahavira was born at Ksatriya Kundagrama, Vaisali (B.har, India) the then capital of the historic republic of the Licchavis or Vajjis, in the year 599 B.C. His father King Siddhartha was one of the rulers of the Republic. In spite of being born in a royal family and having all material means of ease and comfort at hand, Mahavira renounced the worldly life and got himself initiated into austere ascetic life, practising the five great vows of non-violence, truth, non-stealing, continence, and non-acquisitiveness. After twelve years of the continuous practice of self-control, spiritual vigilence, passionlessness and equanimity, and overcoming the various physical and mental hardships including pangs of hunger and thirst, vagaries of heat and cold, painful bites of mosquitoes and gnats and above all barbarous treatments from people, he attained the perfect knowledge or omniscience. After preaching the below mentioued tenents of Jainism to people at large for thirty years, Mahavira attained the Nirwana (Liberation from all bondages and mundane existence), at the age of 72 in 527 B.C. It is a matter of great surprise that many of the great men that the world has produced belonged to the sixth century B.C. Besides Lord Mahavira, Lord Buddha in India, Saint Confucius in China, Socrates in Greece, and Zorostanian in Persia gave the message of humanitarian principles to the world in the sixth century B.C.

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26 The age of Mahavira in India was one in which number of social and religious practises such as caste-system, slavery, killing of animals in religious sacrifices, and suppression of women's rights to observe religious principles, superstitious worship of so called deities (such as tree, stone. etc.) and so on were in vogue. Bhagwan Mahavira, who was the protagonist of Ahimsa, declared: "All living beings have equal right to live; all of them like living, dislike dying. There. fore, do not kill, injure, enslave, torture or exploit any living being. Killing of any living being amounts to killing of oneself. Violence begets enmity; hence, befriend all living beings." Bhagwan Mahavira was out and out antagonist of casteism. He asserted: "All human beings are equal. All distinctions on the basis of race, caste, colour and sex are arbitrary. Hence do not consider anyone inferior to yourself." Bhagwan Mahavira not only preached equality of beings, but also allowed people born in all castes to get initiated in his monastic order. He again gave equal rights to women to practise religious principles and study holy scriptures. Bhagwan Mahavira was the first Religious Teacher to profess that man himself is the master of his fate. Mahavira believed in perfect self-independence of soul. He asked his disciples to develop their own spiritual power and utilize it for their spiritual development. Thus he was against the worship of deities or God for blessing their mercy or grace for one's upliftment. Mahavira's Philosophy Bhagwan Mahavira's philosophy is essentially spiritualism. Soul, according to him, is an objective reality, characteristic of which is "consciousness". It is different from physical reality (matter) which is devoid of consciousness. Body is matter; hence, soul is different from body. Every reality has an sternal existence in the universe. Thus each soul exists in the universe from infinite past and will continue to exist for infinite future. Passions are the cause of soul's bondage with Karmic matter, which is very very minute form of matter (energy). Anger, conceit, deceit, desire (or lust) are mainly the forms of passions. The bondage Karmas result in suffering of soul in various species and recurrent transmigration or cycle of birth and death. Thus to emancipate soul from the cycle of birth and death, one has to become free from bondage of Karmas which in its turn is possible only through the end of passions. This state can be attained only through one's own endeavours in the form of practising self-discipline, vigilence and equanimity. For this Bhagwan Mahavira prescribed the Path of four-fold sadhana of Right Knowledge, Right Faith, Right Conduct and Right Penance, The sadhana included the observance of five universal principles, viz. non-violence, truth, non-stealing, celibacy, and non-possession, as well as practising meditation, fasting, forberance of hardships etc.

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The metaphysics of Lord Mahavira revealed the multifaceted nature of Reality on the basis of which was established the theory of non-absolutism (Anekantvada) or relativism (Syadvad). According to it, every substance everything comprised of infinite attributes and modes. Hence, any statement made about any substance, would necessarily be a relative one-revealing a, particular mode depending upon the view point of the speaker. It follows from it that Truth is always relative. Any statement claimed to be absolutely true without reference to the point of view from which it is made is contradictory to non-absolutism. A significant corollary of this doctrine in practical life is the co-existence of and reconciliation between diverse theories and creeds, opposite political parties etc. Mahavira's Order : Based on these magnanimous principles, Bhagwan Mahavira established his four-fold order of monks, nuns, lay followers as men and women. The strength of monks and nuns in his order at the time of his Nirvana was 14000 and 36000 respectively. It included the great personalities and royal dignatories such as Prince Abhyaku nar (the son of King Bimbisara) of Magadha, King Udrayana of Sindha, etc. The lay Cummunity at that time was 1,00.000 which included King Bimbisara of Magadha and his successor King Ajatasatru, King Chetaka (The chief of the Vajji Republic) etc. There is enough evidence to show that Mahavira wielded tremendous influence over the political field of his time. Thus Jainism had earned a staunch patronage from the rulers of India contemporary of Mahavira, The eleven Chief disciples of Mahavira known as Ganadhara collected the speeches of Mahavira and compiled them into texts known as the Agamas. A vast portion of this va uable lore was, however, lost on account of not being written till one milleniurn after the Nirvana of Lord Mahavira. Whatever portion was preserved in memory was made to writing in 454 (or 467) A. D. under the Acharyaship of DEVARDDHI GANI at Vallabhipur in Gujrat. These texts at persent constitute the authoritative scriptures of the Shvetamber Sect. The Digamber sect, however, den its authority; it has its separate literature written by the later Acharyas. whp ssessed authoritative knowledge about Jainism. The main theme of the texts of both the sects is almost the same. Schisms : When did the schism of the Jain church into Shvetamber and Digamber sects exactly ook place is diffi ult to state. But it appears that the event was not a sudden one. There is evidence to show that a gradual rift developed

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28 amongst the monks practising two kinds of asceticism Jinakal pa a stricter form of asceticism and Sthavirkal pa-a milder form of asceticism, The main points of differences are regarding the use of clothes by monks, and possibility of salvation of women. Traditionally the schism is believed to have taken place in the 2nd century A.D. In the Shvetamber sect, further schism took place in 1663 A. D. when the Sthanakwasi sect came into existence. Actually as early as 1451 A.D. a Jain lay follower called Lunka Mehta started a campaign against the laxity of monks in the Shvetamber sect. The revolt got crystallized 200 years later into formation of the new sect. This new sect was also against idolworshipping, and hence also against building of temples. The lay-followers started building houses to perform religious activities in them. These buildings later on were also used by the monks to stay in and came to be called as "Sthanaka". A century later in 1760 A.D. Acharya Bhikshu brought about a revolution. This against the building of Sthanakas specially as abode for the monks. resulted in the birth of Terapanth. Acharya Bhikshu also made some new interpretations of the concepts of pity and charity. He also organised the monastic order in a more disciplined and systematic form, The Digamber sect also was subdivided into some sub-sects such as Terapanthi, Bisapanthi, Taranpanthi, etc. and the original Shvetamber sect, now known as the Murtipujaka sect, also got sub-divided into several sub-sects such as Tapa gachcha, Khartara gachcha, etc. Political Patronage : Bhagwan Mahavira was a Kshatriya and belonged to a royal family having blood relationship with major royal families of the then India. It was, therefore, quite natural that most of his contemporary kings either became his followers or admirers. Thus besides Kings Bimbisara and Ajatsatru of Magadha, King Chetaka of Vaishali (Head of the Vajji Republic), and other heads of the Mallaki and Lichavi Republics, King Shatanika of Kausahmbi and his successor King Udayana (the famous character of the Sanskrit Drama Svapnavasavadatta by Bhasa). King Chanda Pradyot of Ujjain, King Udayana of Sindh, King Dadhivahana of Anga (Bhagalpur) etc. were the kings who offered their patronage to Jainism during Mahavira's life. Not only did these Kings offer patronage, but many of them and their family members got initiated into the monastic order of Mahavira, Gradually the state of Magadha dominated over most part of the North India and the Kings of Magadha in the 5th century B.C. were the Nandas. They'

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were also the staunch followers of Jainism. After the Nandas, King Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Mauryan Dynasty, came to rule over Magadha. He was an ardent Jain follower and in his old age, he joined the monastic order and journeyed to South India with his guru Bhadrabahu Swami. An inscription found at Chandragiri in Mysore mentions that Muni Chandragupta attained death through Anasana, the penance undertaken unto death for self. purification. King Samprati of Ujjain, (who was also the grandson of the famous King Ashoka) in 3rd century B.C. and King Kharvela of Orissa (he then Kalinga) in 2nd Century B.C. were the two most ardent followers of Jainism, who did then utmost for spreading of Jainism not only in India but abroad too. The inscriptions of Kharvela at the caves of Udayagiri and Khandagiri are monumental evidence of this fact. After the end of Maurya dynasty in Magadha, Jainism (and Buddhism too) not only lost the political patronage, but had to face a strong opposition from the Brahmanism and its supporter Kings. The atrocities of King Pushyamitra of Shunga dynasty (2nd century B.C.) coinpelled most of the Jains to leave Magadha and go outside. In this way we find that Bihar State which was the place of origin of Jainism is today totally devoid of Jains. Whatever few Jains are found in Bihar today are only people belonging to other States and now living in Bihar. The seat of the Jains gradually shifted to the Western and Southern India. Mathura, Ujjain, Karnatak, Tamilnadu, Gujrat and Rajasthan gradually were found to be .congenial for the growth of Jainism, King Vikrama. ditya of Ujjain (probably of the Gupta dynasty) was greatly impressed by Jain Acharya Siddhasena Divakar (5th century A.D.) the renowned logician of the Jain church. In South, Kings of Chole Kanga, Chalukya and Rastrakuta dynasties showed favour to Jainism. In Gujrat, King Jaysingh Siddhraja and more generously his successor King Kumarpala (12th century A.D.) gave full patronage to Acharya Hemachandra who is called in the Jain church as "Kali Kala Sarvajna (i, e, as good as an omniscient in the Kali age). It was the intluence of the Jains in Gujrat that even today most of the Gujratis are found to be vegetarian. The whole culture and civilization are deeply influenced by the Jain way of life. In Rajasthan although the Kings were not Jains, almost all of their chief ministers were either Jains or influenced by the Jains, and hence Jainism flourished in Rajasthan. In fact today nearly 75% of the Jains belong to Gujrat and Rajasthan. Even during the Muslim rule, the Jains continued to maintain their political influence, so that in spite of the atrocities of some Mu:lim Kings, Jainism did survive. The great Moghul Emperor Akbar was greatly impressed by

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Jain Acharya Hiravijay Suri. In Gujrat, the Nawab Mahamud Begada was once financially assisted by the Jain community in the time of a severe drought. Even during the British Rule, the Jains in the West Bengal had congenial relations with the persons at the helm of affairs. In South, after the influence of the first Sankaracharya, influence of Jainism gradually became diminished. Nevertheless, it could not be totally cffaced. Even today there are thousands of South Indians having faith in Jainism. Thus it is really surprising to find that although Jainism and Buddhism both had to face equal opposition from Brahmanism, Jainism survived, while Buddhism once became nearly extinct in India. At present there are nearly five to ten million Jains all over India according to unufficial estimates, although the 1971 census mention them to be 2.6 million. Buddhism spread all over Asia, while Jainism remained confined only to India. The main reason of this fact is that on account of the severe rules of conduct prescribed for the Jain monks, they could not travel outside the territory of India. Jains Contribution to Indian Culture : A. Art and Architecture : It is difficult to say when did the idol-worshipping actually started in Jainism, but there are archaeological evidence to show that it was probably prevalent even in pre-Mahavirian period. The famous idol of Mohen-jo-daro excavations, popularly called as prototype of Shiva, has been considered by some archaeologists and historians to be the idol of a Jain Tirthankara, either the first one or the sixteenth one. In any way, it can be unambiguously said that in the pre-Vedic civilization (or Indus Valley Civilization), the Shramana culture (or the Jain Culture) had its own place and it was a part and parcel of the culture and civilization of the pre-Vedic India. The most ancient piece of sculpture that is available after Mahavira, is probably the idol of Mahavira found at Mathura; it is said to be of 84 years after Mahavira's Nirvana i, e. of 5th century B.C. The inscription on this read that King Ajatsatru (Kunika) worships Lord Mahavira. Then a number of idols in various postures found at Mathura, Kamkali Tila, bear testimony to Jains' contribution to sculpture in India. In later times, the temples numbering thousands all over India show to what extent the Jains have preserved their art and architecture not only valuable in aesthetic terms but also a treasure of historical facts and figures. Some of the most famous temples and pilgrimage of the

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Jains are: the Temple of Delvada at Mount Abu (Rajasthan), the temple at Ranakpur (Rajasthan), the 56 ft. high idol of Bahubali at Sravanbelgola (Mysore), the beautiful temples at Pavapuri (Bihar), Parsanath Hills or Samet. sikhar (Bihar) and Satrunjaya (Gujrat), etc. Besides the sculptural contribution, the Jains have also played their own part in development of Indian paintings, handicrafts, caligraphy etc. and also equally great share in bringing up Indian theatres through music, dances, dramas, folk-songs and folk-dances, etc. The Jain literature, both canonical and noncanonical is replete with the theoretical discussion about all these branches of arts. B. Literature : As we have already seen there is a vast amount of original Jain literature written in the last 2500 years in many languages, particularly in Prakrit, Ardhamagadhi, Saurseni, Apabhramsha, Sanskrit. Hindi, Gujrati, Rajasthani, Kannada and Tamil. The oldest canonical texts believed to have been composed in Mahavira's time are in Prakrit (Ardhamagadhi) language. The prominent amongst them are the eleven Angas (Acharanga, etc), the twelve Upangas, the four Mulas, the four Chedas and the Avasyaka. These are the thirtytwo canonical texts considered as an authority by all Shvetambers. The Murtipujakas, in addition consi. der 13 more texts as authority. According to some, there were 84 such texts. In the Digambera, the canonical texts are mainly the books, written by Acharya Bhutbali and Pushpadanta (in 1st century A.D.) and known as Shatkandagama. In addition to these texts the books written by Acharya Kundkunda (in Ist century B.C.) such as the Pahudas, the Samayasara, the Niyamsara, the Panchastikayasara, etc. are also reverred as equivalent to canonical books. The language of the Digainber texts is mainly Saurseni. The non-canonical literature of Shvetambers mainly comprise of the commentaries on the canonical texts. These commentaries are written by several Acharyas from 2nd century A.D. to the modern age. The oldest commentaries are Niryuktis written by Bhadrabahu Swami (the second) and are in Prakrit language. Then follows the Bhasya and Churnis (in 6th century to 8th century A.D.) again mostly in Prakrit. Later on, the commentaries in Sanskrit called Vrittis or Tikas were written in the 11th century A.D. first by Shilankacharya and then elaborately by Abhayadeva Suri, Haribhadra Suri, Malyagiri, etc. are also Sanskrit commentators. The latest Sanskrit commentaries (such as Avachuris etc.) and commentaries in regional languages (such as Tabba, etc.) extend to very late periods and are of less reliability because of the context of the terms being almost lost.

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Hindi translations of all these texts and English translations of some of these texts have also been published. Amongst the later works on Jain Philosophy, the Tattvartha Sutra by Uma Swati (or Umaswami) in the first century AD. is the most important one both from the point of view of its exhaustive treatment and its authority being equally acceptable to Shvetambers and Digambers. In the first few centuries decade of the Christian era, the logical explana. tion of the Jain Philosophy was the main theme of the Jain writers of both the sects. Acharya Samantbhadra, Pujyapada, Akalanka, Vidyananda, Prabhachandra of the Digamber tradition and Acharya Siddhasena, Jinabhadra, Haribhadra, Hemachandra, (12th century A.D.) and Yashovijaya (as late as 17th century A.D.) of the Shvetamber sects contributed to the development of Jain Logic, which is considered to be as important as the Logic of Buddhists and other schools of Indian Philosophy. The Jains have their own system of Yoga or practice of meditation. A vast literature is also available on the Jain Yoga. Besides the miscellaneous information about the Jain Yoga in the canonical literature itself, books by Acharya Kundakunda, Jinabhadra, Haribhadra, Hamachandra, Yashovijaya, etc. treat the subject in detail. The practical techniques of developing the latent psychical faculties through meditation, however, were almost thrown into oblivion in the middle ages, but is being revived now-a-days by the eminent Jain Yogis. Books of Literary Value Although most of the canonical texts deal with metaphysical and ethical discussions and are in prose of not very interesting style, a few canonical works in poetry offer valuable material of literary interest. Also, the later Jain Acharyas have composed some masterpiece works both in prose and poetry. The Puranic literature of the Digamber tradition in the Apabhramsa language, and some poetic works of the Jain poets such as Siddhasena Diwakar, Haribhadra Suri, Hemachandra, may be rentioned to illustrate the Jains' contribution to the lore of ancient Indian literature. Also some works in regional languages such as Kannada, Tamil, Gujrati and Rajasthani have added remarkable beauty to the literature of these languages. Science and Mathematics .. The lore of sacred books of the Jains are equally important for their elaborate information about the scientific concepts of the Jains. The Jains have their own theories about many of the scientific subjects such as physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy etc. The atomic theory, the cosmology, the structure of matter and energy, the fundamental structure of living beings, genetics, the concept of space and time, the theory of relativity, the alchemy, the medical sciences etc. are

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important theories of the Jains which deserve attention of the modern scientists as well as the historians of science. Also the Jain literature is full of mathematical discussions. A stadent of mathematics finds several features of Theory of Sets, Geometry, Algebra, Arithmatic, Theory of Numbers, etc. discussed at length in the Jain texts. Besides the Jains have made no insignificant contribution to the development of astronomy as well as astrology. It can be safely said that no subject of basic science or humanities is left without discussion in the Jain literature. Social Sciences The Jain way of life prescribed for the monks is such that they together with the practice of asceticism, contribute to the weal and welfare of the society. The reason why Mahavira gave his discourses in Prakrit, the language of the masses, is obviously that he wanted maximum people to be benefited by his religion. The rule that the Jain monks and nuns always travel on foot has also helped the Jain ascetics in having mass contacts with people. The Jain ascetics have taken upon themselves to uplift the ethical and spiritual standards of people living in social life. A modern form of this mode of mass preaching is found in the Anuvrat Movement, sponsored by the famous Jain saint of our age Acharya Shri Tulsi, This movement has earned a nationwide repute because of its non-sectarian character. It can be said that the Jains' contribution to Independent India in the form of the Anuvrat Movement is one of remarkable importance in the field of socio-religious development of Indian people. Relevance in Modern Age It was on the basis of principles that Bhagwan Mahavira raised his voice against : 1. Performance of sacrifices (Yajna) involving killing of animals. 2. Slave system. :3. Caste system. 4. Barring of women from religious practices, and many other inhuman and unjustifixable social and religious practices. Bhagwan Mahavira's teachings have even a greater relevance and deeper significance in the modern age in the context of establishment of - 1. Universal friendliness and peace through non-violence and disarma ment,

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2. Social pattern devoid of exploitation and violence. 3. True socialism based on forswearing of acquisitiveness. 4. Reconciliation between diverse religious faiths, political parties, communal and racial fractions, etc. based on the doctrine of nonabsolutism or relativism. 5. Mental peace through spiritual development based on freedom from various passions, Mahavira Says: "Be friendly towards all living-beings. All the living beings in this world are like our friends, Therefore, do not kill any one even do no harm; do not give pain to anyonc, do not tease or anyone."

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.. . . / pa parasparopagrahI jIvAnAm

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BEEEEEEEEEERCIENDS paMcama SHARMet SCREEEEEEEE kha Da rAjasthAna meM bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa mahotsava varSa meM loka kalyANa kI ora bar3hate kadama

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zatrujaya mahAtIrtha, pAlItAnA maisarsa bharAmala rAjamala surANA haldiyoM kA rAstA, jauharI bAjAra, jayapura saujanya se Jain Education Intemational www.jainelibrary

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rAjasthAna rAjya 2500 vI mahAvIra nirvANotsava samiti mukhyamaMtrI zrI harideva jozI, adhyakSa vitta maMtrI zrI candanamala baida, upAdhyakSa zikSA maMtrI zrI khetasiMha, upAdhyakSa

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rAjasthAna pradeza bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500 vIM nirvANamahotsava mahA samiti ke padAdhikArI gaNA DI0 Ara0 mehatA, saciva, rAjya nirvANa samiti bI0 ela0 panagar3iyA saciva, rAjya nirvANa samiti DA0 subhASa kAsalIvAla DA0 pI0 ke0 seThI vikalAMga sahAyatA yojanA ke mahatvapUrNa stambha jinhoMne isa kArya ke lie apanI amUlya sevAyeM apita kara yojanA ko jIvanta banA diyA hai|

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rAjasthAna pradeza bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500 vo nirvANamahotsava mahA samiti ke padAdhikArI gaNA kaipTana sara-seTha bhAgacanda sonI adhyakSa zrI rAja rUpa TAMka kAryAdhyakSa padamazrI khela zaMkara durlabhajI upAdhyakSa zrI mannA lAla surANA upAdhyakSa

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rAjasthAna pradeza bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500 vI nirvANamahotsava mahA samiti ke padAdhikArI gaNa sampata kumAra gadhaIyA pradhAna maMtrI zrI mohana lAla kAlA koSAdhyakSa zrI rikhaba canda karNAvaTa saMgaThana maMtrI

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rAjasthAna ko bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa zatAbdI kI upalabdhiyAM -zrI candanamala baida, vittamaMtrI, rAjasthAna, jayapura pAja se DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva vizva meM eka gairasarakArI taura para rAjasthAna meM aneka mahatvaaisA daidipyamAna nakSatra avatIrNa hayA thA jisane pUrNa kArya hue haiM jinakA vistRta byaurA diyA jAnA satya aura ahiMsA dvArA saMsAra ko vAstavika sukha to yahAM sambhava nahIM hai parantu phira bhI yaha upayukta kA mArga digdarzana kraayaa| yaha the jainadharma ke hogA ki ina kAryoM kA lekhA jokhA saMkSipta rUpa pravartaka 24 veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra, jinakI meM kara liyA jaave| 25 vauM nirvANa zatAbdI dinAMka 13 navambara, 1. rAjasthAna vidhAnasabhA ne nirvANa zatAbdI 1974 se manAyI jA rahI hai| samAroha ke upalakSa meM dhArmika sthAnoM para pazu bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita siddhAntoM ke bali niSedha karane ke sambandha meM eka bila svIkAra antarrASTrIya mahatva ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue bhArata kiyaa| yaha bila adhiniyama ke rUma meM rAjasthAna sarakAra ne yaha nizcaya kiyA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra meM lAgU kiyA jA cukA hai| phalasvarUpa rAjasthAna kI isa 2500 veM nirvANa varSa ko rASTrIya stara meM sArvajanika sthAnoM para pazubali sarvakA ke liye para manAyA jaave| tadanusAra isa kArya ke liye banda ho gayI hai| pradhAnamaMtrIjI kI adhyakSatA meM eka rASTrIya samiti 2. rAjya sarakAra ne 2600 veM nirvANa varSa kA gaThana kiyA gayA aura sAtha hI tatsambandhI ke prathama tIna dina ke liye va aMtima tIna dinoM ke kAryakramoM ko pUrA karane ke liye 50 lAkha rupaye liye rAjya bhara meM zarAba evaM mAMsa kI vikrI para kI dhanarAzi svIkRta kii| bhArata sarakAra ne deza roka lagAdI hai| kI sabhI rAjya sarakAroM ko bhI yaha salAha dI ki 3. sarakAra ne phaisalA kiyA hai ki isa varSa ve bhI apane-apane rAjyoM meM isI prakAra kI sami- dezI va videzI zarAba kI dukAnoM ke lAiseMsoM meM tiyoM kA nirmANa kara nirvANa zatAbdI samAroha koI vRddhi nahIM kI jaayegii| kA prAyojana kreN| phalasvarUpa rAjasthAna sarakAra 4. rAjya bhara meM zatAbdI varSa meM zikAraka ne ra jyapAla mahodaya kI saMrakSakatA meM va mukhyamatrI liye koI lAiseMsa jArI nahIM karane kA nirNaya mahodaya kI adhyakSatA meM eka prabhAvazAlI samiti liyA jA rahA hai| kA nirmANa kara nirvANa mahotsava ke sambandha meM 5. isa nirvANa varSa meM rAjasthAna vizvakiye jAne vAle kAryakramoM ke liye varSa 1974-75 vidyAlaya meM eka mahAvIra ceyara kA nirmANa kiyA va 1975-76 ke liye 15 lAkha rupaye kI dhana- gayA hai| isa ceyara kI sthApanA hetu rAjya sarakAra rAzi svIkAra kii| kI ora se vizvavidyAlaya ko 4 lAkha rupaye kA ___ gata do varSoM meM nirvANa zatAbdI samAroha ke anudAna svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra ukyasilasile meM samiti ke sAnidhya se sarakArI va pura vizvavidyAlaya meM bhI mahAvIra ceyara kI

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sthApanA hetu rAjya sarakAra dvArA 1 lAkha rupaye 12. samiti ke tatvAvAna meM prasiddha prAcIna kA anudAna svIkAra kiyA jA cukA hai aura isa jaina grantha "kalpasUtra" kA vibhinna bhASAoM meM beyara kI sthApanA hetu prayAsa jArI hai| anuvAda sahita zIghra hI sacitra prakAzana kiyA jA 6. rAjya sarakAra ne 2500 meM nirvANa varSa rahA hai| isa kArya para lagabhaga 50 hajAra rupaye ke upalakSa meM mauta kI sajA ko mAjIvana kArA- kI dhanarAzi kharca hone kA anumAna hai| isI prakAra pAsa kI sajA meM badala diyA hai| yaha nirNaya praba "jaina mArTa evaM pArkITekcara" nAmaka pustaka kA taka 4 mAmaloM meM liyA jA cukA hai| sacitra prakAzana kiyA jA rahA hai jisa para karIba 7. rAjya ke 8 jilA mukhyAlayoM ke myUji- 75 hajAra rupaye kharca hone kA anumAna hai| yamoM meM mahAvIra kakSoM kI sthApanA kI jA rahI yaha to humA rAjya sarakAra dvArA kiye jAne hai| ina kakSoM hetu prAcIna va durlabha mUrtiyoM kI vAle kAryoM kA lekhaa-jokhaa| isake atirikta upalabdhi jaina samAja dvArA kI jaayegii| rAjya samAja va janasahayoga se bhI aneka vikAsa kArya sarakAra ne isa kArya hetu 50 hajAra rupayA svIkAra kiye jA rahe haiM jo alaga hai / jana sahayoga se kiye kiyA hai| jAne vAle kAryoM meM sAdhAraNatayA pAThazAlAoM, ... 8. rAjasthAna ke samasta jilA pustakAlayoM cikitsAlayoM, dharmazAlAnoM va pustakAlayoM Adi ke meM mahAvIra kakSoM kI sthApanA kI jA cakI hai| liye bhavana nirmANa kA kArya pramukha hai| ina kAryoM ina kAmoM meM rakhe jAne hetu prati pustakAlaya 500 meM kharca hone vAlI dhanarAzi bhI lAkhoM rupayoM meM pustakeM va pAlamAriyAM upalabdha karavAdI gaI hai| pahuMca cukI hai| 9. bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko lekara saMkSepa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI 25 vIM nirvANa zilAlekha taiyAra kiye gaye haiN| ina zilAlekhoM ko zatAbdI ke avasara para rAjasthAna meM sArvajanika samasta jiloM meM banAye jAne vAle mahAvIra pArkoM aura sarakArI stara para jo kArya huA hai usake meM pratiSThita kiyA jaayegaa| isa kArya hetu rAjya liye hama sacamuca garva kara sakate haiN| inhIM kAryoM sarakAra dvArA 33 hajAra rupaye kA prAvadhAna rakhA se sarakAra aura janatA meM jo prabhUtapUrva utsAha isa dizA meM dekhane ko milA hai use dekhakara hI bhaga10. rAjasthAna meM vikalAMgoM kI sahAyatArtha vAna mahAvIra 2500 vAM nirvANa mahotsava samiti "bhagavAna mahAvIra vikalAMga sahAyatA samiti" kA ne sarakAra ko yaha siphAriza kI hai ki isa samAgaThana kiyA gayA hai| rAjya sarakAra dvArA isa roha kI avadhi eka varSa ke liye aura baDhA dI saMsthA ko 2 lAkha rupaye kA anudAna svIkAra kiyA jAve to bahuta hI upayukta hogaa| sarakAra isa gayA hai| isa kArya hetu rAjasthAna ke vibhinna bhAgoM prazna para gambhIratA pUrvaka vicAra kara rahI hai| se bhI samUcita mAtrA meM dhanarAzi ekatrita kI jA sAtha hI samAja ke vibhinna vargoM ko bhI cAhiye ki rahI hai jo ki 5 lAkha rupaye taka hone kI saMbhA- ve apanA utsAha banAye rakhe aura jo kArya isa .vanA hai| isa samiti ke sahayoga se aba taka 40 samAroha ke silasile meM unhoMne apane hAtha meM apaMgoM ke kRtrima aMga lagAye jA cuke haiN| liyA hai use na kevala samucita DhaMga se pUrA hI kareM ..... 11. anusUcita jAti va janajAti ke vyaktiyoM varaNa janahita ke lie aura bhI naye kArya hAtha meM - ko makAna banavAye jAne hetu 4 lAkha rupayA anu. lekara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko apanI zakti ..bAna svarUpa rAjya sarakAra dvArA svIkAra kiyA ke anusAra kArya rUpa meM pariNita kreN| jA cukA hA... jA cukA hai| .. . ..

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jayapura rAjasthAna prA0 bha0 mahAvIra 2500 vAM nirvANa mahotsava mahAsamiti ne aitihAsika kArya kiyA hai / zrAcArya bhadrabAhu ke bAda deza meM jaina ekatA kI bAta prabala vega se pichale bIsa varSoM meM utthii| pichale dasa varSoM meM ekatA ko prApta karane ke lie bahuta hI saMgaThita aura mahatvapUrNa prayatva hue| rASTrIya stara para jaba se 2500 vAM nirvANa samiti kA gaThana huA hai eka suniyojita kAryakrama samasta jaina samAja ke sammukha upasthita huA hai / rASTrIya samiti se hamArI ekatA ko sudRr3ha karane hetu aneka upalabdhiyAM prApta huI hai| hamane eka jhaNDe ko svIkAra kiyA hai| eka dhvaja gIta mAna liyA gayA hai aura hameM eka pratIka bhI milA hai| prAcArya vinobA bhAve kI preraNA se bhaura hamAre vidvAnoM, sAdhunoM, zrAvakoM ke prayatna se samasta jaina samAja kA eka mAnya grantha zramaNa sUktam taiyAra ho gayA hai / bhArata varSa ke sabhI prAntoM meM prAntIya samitiyoM kA gaThana huA hai / sArA jana samAja Aja eka pleTa phArama para sundara DhaMga se saMgaThita hai / bhArata ke sabhI prAntoM meM isa varSa yojanAyeM banI hai aura unheM kAphI saphalatAyeM bhI milI haiN| rAjasthAna kI apanI yojanA, kArya zailI aura sagaThana sabhI prAntoM ne sarvopari rahA hai / hamArI rASTrIya samiti ke adhyakSa zrI kastUra bhAI lAla bhAI ne ise svIkAra kiyA hai bhaura rASTrIya samiti ke saMgaThana maMtrI zraddheya riSabhadAsajI rAMkA ne hamArI upalabdhiyoM ko mahAnatama batAyA hai ra bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| rAjasthAna meM hamArI rahe haiM- saphalatAoM ke tIna pramukha kAraNa 1. 2. 3. M1 rAjya sarakAra kA pUrNa sahayoga aura samAja ke kAryakartAoM ke sAtha sarakArI aphasaroM kA tAla mela / suniyojita saMgaThana aura yojanAbaddha kAryakrama | janatA meM jaina ekatA kI bhAvanA ko sahI DhaMga se phailA pAnA aura kartavyaniSTha kAryakarttAoM kI phauja taiyAra ho jAnA / rAjyapAla haiM / hamAre svargIya mukhya mantrI zrI barakatullA khAM ke sabhA rAjya sarakAra ne prArambha se hI bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa mahotsava ko pUrNa ruvi lekara manAyA hai| sarakArI stara para mukhya mantrI kI adhyakSatA meM eka samiti kA gaThana huA hai jisake sarakSaka meM samiti kA gaThana ho cukA thA / unake prAkasmika nidhana ke bAda hamAre vartamAna mukhya mantrI zrI haradeva jI jozI samiti kI hara yojanA) meM vyaktizaH ruci le rahe haiM bhora hara samaya hara sambhava mahayoga aura dizA nirdeza de rahe haiM / vitta mantrI zrI candanamala jI veda evaM zikSA mantrI zrI khetasiMha jI rAThauDa samiti ke upAdhyakSa haiN| zrI DI. Ara. mahatA sarakArI saciva hai| mahatA sAhaba agasta meM vizeSa prazikSaNa hetu yUropa padhAra gae haiM, unakI anupasthiti meM zrI bAlUlAla jI panagaDiyA unake kAryoM kI bahuta hI sUjha-bUjha ke sAtha nibhA rahe haiM I sarakArI samiti kI kArya samiti ke sadasya nimna vyakti hai- 1. mukhya mantrI zrI haradeva jI jozI 2. vitta mantrI zrI candanamalajI baMda

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3. 4. 5. 6. samiti kI siphAriza para rAjya sarakAra ne jo ghoSaNAyeM kI hai| mukhya rUpa se nimna prakAra hai - 1. 2. 7. 3. zikSA mantrI zrI khetasiMhajI rAThauDa zrI devendra rAjajI mahatA, saciva zrI rAjarUpa jI TAMka 4, 5. 6. zrI sampata kumAra jI gavaiyA 7. zrI lUNakaraNa jI jaina 8. zrI rikhabarAjajI karnAvaTa 9. zrI mANakacanda jI sogAnI 10. zrI bhAgacanda jI sonI 11. 12. 13. 14. zrI buddhasiMhajI bAphanA zrI khelazaMkarabhAI durlabha jI zrI kapUracandajI kuliza zrI pragaracanda jI nAhaTA isa varSa ko zAnti varSa ghoSita kiyA gayA hai / isa varSa meM kisI ko phAMsI kI sajA nahIM dI gaI hai| isase ATha vyaktiyoM chUTa ko milI hai / kaidiyoM ko sajAaiM kama kI gaI hai| isase karIba 3500 vyaktiyoM lAbha pahuMcA hai / dIvAlI 1974 para 3 dina aura 1975 para 3 dina taka zarAba aura mAMsa bikrI para prAnta bhara meM pratibandha lagA diyA gayA hai / isa varSa zikAra kA niSedha kara diyA hai aura jinheM lAisensa diye jA cuke haiM unheM nirasta kiyA jA cukA hai / prAnta antargata 26 jiloM meM 26 jilA pustakAlaya hai, jayapura, jodhapura, udayapura meM vizvavidyAlaya pustakAlaya hai tathA vidhAna sabhA meM bhI pustakAlaya hai / uparokta kula 30 hI pustakAlayoM meM mahAvIra kakSa kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| uparokta yojanA ke antargata 3 agasta san 1975 kI samAja kI tarapha se savA lAkha rupaye kI 12000 pustakeM sarakAra ko bheMTa kI gaI jinheM rAjya kI tarapha se mahAmahima rAjyapAla mahodaya ne svIkAra kiyA | aba bhI aneka dAtAoM dvArA sAhitya prApta ho rahA hai aura tIsoM hI pustakAlayoM meM bhejA jA rahA hai / rAjya meM jayapura, jodhapura, bIkAnera, udayapura, ajamera, alavara, bharatapura va koTA kula mATha jagahoM meM ajAyabaghara haiM / ina bhrAThoM hI ajAyabagharoM meM mahAvIra kakSa sthApita karanA taya kiyA gayA hai| inameM bhagavAna mahAvIra aura jaina dharma se sambandhita prAcIna kalAkRtiyAM, citrapaTa khaNDita mUrtiyAM, dastAveja evaM anya mahatva pUrNa purAtatva sambandhI sAmagrI ko sthApita kiyA jAyegA / jayapura meM vizva prasiddha havAmahala meM mahAvIra kSa kAyama karane kA nirNaya huA hai / yaha apane prApameM bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa nirNaya hai /

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ina ajAyabagharoM meM sthApita karane hetu janasamAja se vizeSa anurodha hai ki apane-apane - kSetra meM sthita ajAyabagharoM ko jyAdA se jyAdA pradarzita karane yogya sAmagrI bheMTa deN| khaNDita mUrtiyAM jo pUjanIya nahIM hai, ko vizeSa rUpa se pradAna karane kA prayatna karanA prAvazyaka hai| 8. bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 14 upadezoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai aura unheM zilAlekha meM utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai| zilA lekha 6 phITa UMcA 3 phITa caur3A aura 6 iMca moTA hai| ise vizeSa rUpa se lAla patthara kA banAyA gayA hai tAki hajAroM varSoM taka yaha kAyama raha sake / sabhI 26 jilA mukhyAvAsa para mukhya caurAhoM para inheM sthApita kiyA jA rahA hai / koI bhI zahara gAMva yA mohalle meM yaha zilA lekha sthApita kie jA sakate haiN| sarakAra dvArA nirdhArita rAzi sarakAra ko dene se zilAlekha nirdiSTa sthAna ko de die jAyeMge / sabhI zaharoM va gAMvoM ke nAgarikoM ke lie yaha svarNa avasara hai aura sabako avazya apane apane zaharoM meM yaha zilA lekha lagavAne cAhie / jayapura zahara meM bajAja nagara ke pAsa mahAvIra udyAna banAyA jA rahA hai / prAnta ke anya bahuta se zaharoM meM mahAvIra udyAna nirmita hone prArambha ho gaye haiM kucha hone vAle haiN| rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya jayapura tathA udayapura vizvavidyAkhaya meM jaina zikSA kA vibhAga sthApita kiyA jA rahA hai / udayapura vizvavidyAlaya meM vibhAga sthApita karane hetu akhila bhAratIya sAdhumArgI sabhA ne 2 lAkha ruyaye pradAna karane kA vacana diyA hai / isa varSa meM (dovAlI 1974 se 1975 taka) dezI athavA videzI zarAba ke lie jitane lAIsensa zudA dukAneM hai unameM vRddhi na karane kA sarakAra ne nirNaya liyA hai| 12. rAjya meM sthAna-sthAna para harijana va janajAti ke nivAsa hetu bastIyAM banAI jAyeMgI jinameM mAMsa evaM zarAba kA vikraya nahIM ho skegaa| aise grAma mahAvIra grAma khlaaegeN| 13. rAjya kI sabhI skUloM, kAlejoM, paMcAyata samitiyoM va jeloM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unake upadezoM (satya, ahiMsA. manekAnta va vizva maMtrI) para pravacana mAyojita kiye jA 11. isa 14. bhArata sarakAra ke sahayoga se prasiddha tIrtha nAkoDA jI meM eka grAmINa pustakAlaya sthApita karane kA nirNaya liyA gayA hai / jisake lie bhavana nirmANa sthAnIya saMsthAnoM dvArA hogaa| 16. bhArata sarakAra ke sahayoga se zIghra hI eka mahAvIra bAla kendra bhI sthApita kiyA jaayegaa| rAjasthAna meM kisI bhI vyakti ko aba hamezA ke lie lUlA mora laMgaDA nahIM rahane diyA jaayegaa| isa hetu vikalAMga sahAyatA samiti kA gaThana kiyA gayA hai| jisameM 2 lAkha rupayA rAjasthAna sarakAra ne pradAna kiye hai va 3 lAkha rupayA samAja pradAna kara rahI hai| isa saMsthA kI 250)ru0 pradAna kara koI bhI vyakti mAjIvana sadasya, 1000)20 pradAna kara saMrakSaka tathA 600)ru pradAna kara koI bhI AjIvana sadasya bana sakate haiM / jisa kisI bhI garIba vyakti ko uparokta sadasya muphta ilAja hetu bhejeMge use ni:zulka para

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17. lagA diye jaayeNge| jayapura meM hAtha banAne ke bhI parIkSaNa cala rahe haiM aura isameM saphalatA milate hI vikalAMgoM ke hAtha lagAne bhI prAmbha kara diye jaayeNge| DA.pI0 ke0 seThI va DA) subhASa kAsalIvAla ke tatvAvadhana meM esa0ema0esa0 hospITala me praga pradAna kiye jA rahe haiN| isa samiti ke saMyojaka zrI hogavanda jI vaida dravya ekatrita karane meM pUrNa prayatnazIla hai| jaina citrakalA, jaina vagtukalA tathA jainiyoM ko rAjasthAna kI dena, viSayoM para 3 vRhada pra-thoM kA nirmANa ho rahA hai valpasUtra ke svalima citroM kI phoTa kApI evaM usake hindI aMgrejI anuvAda sahita, pustaka kA prakAzana ho raha hai| isa kArya hetu pATha vyaktayoM kI eka sAhitya samiti kA gaThana huprA hai jipake nimnAMkita sadasya haiM :(1) zrI agaracanda nAhaTA bIkAnera (2) DA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla jayapura (3) DA0 mUlacanda ThiA saradArazahara (4) DA. narendra mAnAvana jayapura (5) DA0 prAra. sI0 agragala jayapura (6) zrI sampata kumAra gayA jayapura (7) zrI devendrarAja mahatA japapura (8) zrI jitendra kumAra jaina bIkAnera 18. sabhI jiloM meM jilAghogoM kI adhyakSata meM jilA kameTiyoM kA gaThana kiyA gayA hai| sabhI jiloM ke utsAhI kAryakartA isa sadasya haiN| sabhI jiloM meM bar3e utsAha pUrNa kAryakrama sampAdita ho rahe haiN| 19. ina sabhI kAryo ke lie sarakAra ne 15 lA hAye diye haiM / 20. isa varSa meM sarakAra ne jilA cUrU va nAgaura meM hamezA ke lie zarAba bandI lAgU kara, hamezA ke lie ra jya meM zara ba bandI karane ke mArga kI tarapha kadama bar3hAye haiN| 21. isa varSa meM hI rAjya meM hamezA ke lie dhamika sthAnoM meM pazu ba la niSedha bila pAsa kara bhagavAna maha vIra ke si ke upadeza ke prati saccI zraddhAMjali upasthita kI gaI hai| bila prastuta karane hetu vidhayaka zrI bhImamiha jI evaM pArita karane meM pUga yogadAna dene hetu mabhI vidha yaka, vizeSakara mukhyamaMtrI jI, spIkara mahodaya, zikSA maMtrI khe:siMha jI, prazasA ke pAtra hai| 28. anekoM skUloM, kAlejoM va anya sArvajanika nirmANa kAryoM hetu sarakAra ne riyAyatI dara para bhUmi pradAna kI hai| uparokta sarakArI sahayoga se hone vAle sabhI kAryoM ke lie mukhyamaMtrI jI, zrI candanamala jI veda, zrI khetasiMhajI gaThaura, zrI Do0 Ara0 mehatA. zrI panagaDiyA jI, sacivAnama ke sammandhita kama garIgaNa, sabhI jilA ke jilAdhoza jiloM ke sambadhita karmacArIgaNa evaM anya sabhI vyakti jinhoMne isa samAroha ko manAne meM sahayoga diyA hai, ve sabhI prazasA ke pAtra haiN|

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rAjasthAna kI janatA ne aura vizeSakara jaina samAja ne bahuta hI suniyojita DhaMga se saMgaThita hokara isa mahotsava varSa ko mnaayaa| prAntIya rAjya samiti meM jitane bhI jana sadasya the unhoMne rAjasthAna prAntIya bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500 vA nirvANa mahotsava mahAsamiti ke rUpa meM apane mApako sagaThita kiyaa| 200 se adhika prAta bhara ke anya kAryakartAoM va netAoM kA mahAsamiti meM sahadaraNa kiyA gayA / mahAsamiti ne nimna padAdhikArI cune gae :1. adhyakSa zrI bhAgacanda jo sonI-ajamera 2. kAryAdhyakSa zrI rAjarUpa jA TAMka-jayapura 3. upAdhyakSa zrI khelazaMkara jI dulabha jI-jayapUra zrI mannAlAla jI surANA-jayapura pradhAnamaMtrI zrI sampatakumAra jI gayA ---jayapura koSAdhyakSa zrI mohanalAla jI kAlA-jayapura -- 6. saMgaThana matrI zrI rikhabarAja jo karNAvata-jodhapura hara jile meM jile meM kArya ko saMgaThita karane hetu jilA saMyojaka manonIta kiye gae / humhI jilA saMyojakoM kI parAparza se jilAdhIza mahodaya ne jilA samitiyoM kA gaThana kiyA hai| prAyaH sabhI jiloM meM sAmAjika stara para gaThita samitiyoM ne kAma ko gati pradAna karane meM mahatvaparNa bhUmikAgeM atA kI haiM / hamAre 25 jiloM ke jilA saMyojaka nimna mahAnubhAva hai ;.. 1. alavara -zrI padamacanda jI ghAlAvata bajAjA po0 alavara 2. ajamera-zrI amara canda jI lUNiyA-lUNiyA mainzana, nayA bAjAra, ajamera bIkAnera-zrI jaya banda lAla jI nAhaTA-na.haTA coka, bIkAnera 4. bUdI-zrI jayakumAra jI jaina eddvokett-buudii| bAMpavADA---zrI rAjamala jI jaina, 'ge0 khamerA, jilA bAMtapADA 6. bADamera-zrI bhUracanda jaina-jUnI caukI kA basa, bAsavADA 7. bharatapura-zrI tejapAla jI rokaDIyA-samAna kalyANa vibhAga, po0 bharatapura 8. bhIlavADA --zrI zAntilAla jo pokaranA-rAjasthAna kAmarziyala hAUsa, bhUpAla gaMja, bhiilvaaddaa| 9. cUrU-zrI sohanalAla jI hI rAvata, jJAnodaya mAgaM, curU 10. cittoDa-zrI navaratanamala jI paTavArI-cittauDa 11: DUgarapura - zrI kurI :nda jI jaina dhupaTTA bAjAra, po0 DUgarapura 12. zrI gaMgAnagara-zrI lUNakaraNajI jaina eDavokaTa-magala nivAsa, zrIgaMgAnagara _ 13. jayapura---(1) zrI rAjarUpa lI TAMka, joharI bAjAra, jayapura (2) zrI kapUracanda jI pATanI, pATanI jaina enDa kampanI, baraDiyA bhavana, jauharI bAjAra, jayapura / 14. jodhapura-zrI mANakacanda jI sacetI - cArTeDa akAuTenTa pAvanAya mandira, bhairU bAga, __ jodhapura 15. jhAlAbADa--zrI samvatarAjajI sighI po0 bakkANo jitA jhAlAvADa - - -- -- --

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vir .. 16. jAlaura--zrI bhaMvaralAlajI mahetA, po0 bhInamAla, jilA jAlaura - 17. jaisalamera-zrI saubhAgyamalajI jaina, insapekTara mApha skUla, jaisalamera 18. mujhunU-zrI vimalacandajI zrImAla-zrImAla mohallA, jhunjhunU * 19 koTA-zrI mANaka candajI godhA dvArA jambUkumAra jI jaina bIjavADA, koTA 20. nAgaura-zrI pI0sI0 jaina, ela0AI0sI0 ejenTa, nAgaura 21. pAlI--zrI sampatamalajI bhaNDArI, udayapuriyA bAjAra, pAlI 22. savAImAdhopura--zrI rUpacandajI jaina, sTezana bajariyA, savAI mAdhopura 23. sirohI--zrI tejarAjajI bAphanA, sirohI 24. sIkara--zrI kesaracandajI dIvAna--sIkara 25. ToMka--zrI phatehalAlajI jivANI--purAnI ToMka 26. udayapura--zrI bhairUlAla jI dhAkaDa--71 bhUpAlapurA, udayapura uparokta jilA saMyojakoM ke antargata tahasIloM meM bhI aneka kAryakartAmoM ne mahatvapUrNa kArya kiye haiM / jodhapura jile meM jaina samAja ke stara para karIba 40 lAkha rupaye kI yojanAyeM prArambha kI gaI hai| zrI ghevaracandajI kAnUnago ke netRtva meM sampUrNa kSetra meM nayA utsAha bhara diyA hai / bAr3amera meM 40 lAkha rupaye ke karIba kI yojanAyeM hAtha meM lI gaI hai| jinameM tIna prAthamika pAThazAlA. pustakAlaya, mahAvIra maMca, mAtR zizu kalyANa kendra, mahAvIra bhavana, kATeja vArDa, mahAvIra nagara, mahAvIra udyAna, mahAvIra cauka Adi kaI nirmANa karanA vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / jilA saMyojaka zrI bhUracandajI jaina kI laganazIlatA, sUjha-bUjha evaM utsAha kI mukta kaMTha se prazaMsA karanI paDatI hai| unhoMne kArya ko jo gati pradAna kI hai vaha anukaraNIya hai| mahAsamiti ko aise kAryakartAmoM para garva hai| inake sahayogI zrIyuta nemacandajI gole chA ne bhI kArya sampAdana meM bahuta sundara sahayoga kiyA hai / ajamera meM zrI amaracandajI lUNiyA va tapetapAe kAryakartA zrI mAMgIlAla jI jaina ke netRtva meM bahuta sundara kArya humA hai| alavara samAna ko saMgaThita karane meM eva usameM utsAha kA jabaradasta zaMkhanAda phUkane meM zrIpadamacanda pAlAvata ne gajaba kA kAma kiyaa| vahAM para 15 lAkha kI yojanAyeM nirmANAdhIna hai| / sokara kSetra ke bujurga magara yuvakoM ko utsAha vAle netA zrIkesarImalajI dIvAna ne svalpa sAmagrI meM acchA kArya kiyA hai| gaMgAnagara meM zrI lUNakaraNa jI jaina va samiti ke maMtrI zrImahanalAlajI caupaDA mahAvIra bAjAra va mahAvIra kAlonI banA rahe haiM / bAMsavADA ke rAjamalajI ne bhI, bAMsavADA jaise pichar3e kSetra meM sundara yojanA banAI hai| cittaur3a ke navaratanama jI paTavArI racanAtmaka kAryakartA rahe hai| unhoMne apane sAthiyoM ke sahayoga se bali ke virUddha lokamata taiyAra kiyA hai| vIravAla samAja ko susaMskArita karane kA prayAsa kara rahe hai / bhIlavADA meM zAMtilAla jI ko kaI parikSAoM meM se gujaranA paDA hai / sampatamalajI loDhA, DAMgI jI, suvAlAlajI khAnyA, mAMgIlAlajI navalakhAM tathA anya yuvaka sAthiyoM ke sahayoga se unheM bhI aba saphalatA milane lagI hai| savAImAdhopura jile ko saMgaThita karane meM kalyANamalajI jhaNDebAlA va rUpacandajI jaina kA pramukha hAtha rahA hai /

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if udayapura meM jaina samAja ko anekoM pI0eca0DI prophesaroM kA netRtva prApta hai vahAM baDI sundara yojanAyeM, mahAvIra smAraka, yUnivarsiTI meM ceyara Adi bana rahI hai / hamAre saMyojaka zrIdhAkaDa jI evaM DA0 saugAnI, DA0 pra ema sumana, DA0 kundanalAlajI koThArI, zrI gaNezajI DAkaliyA evaM vayovRddha netA zrI valavantasiMha mehatA kI bhUmikAyeM vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| pAlI jile meM zrIyuta sampatamalajI bhaNDArI, candulAlajI kara viTa evaM zramaracanda jI gAdiyA zrAdi yuvaka sAthI bahuta hI utsAha pUrvaka kArya meM juTe hue haiM / pAlI, jAlora, sirohI jilA nivAsiyoM ne 2 karoDa kI lAgata ke bahuta bar3e va Adhunika sAja sajjA vAle hospITala ko banAne kI yojanA banAI hai / rAjasthAna ke katipaya tahasIla mukhyAlayoM va gAMvoM meM bahuta sundara kArya ho rahe haiM, zrI lAlacandajI siMghI, byAvara ghanarAjajI jaina jaitArana, cAMdamalajI dugaDa prasida bhaMvaralAla jI karNAvaTa va devendrakumAra hiraNa rAjasamanda, bhIkamacandajI koThArI ToTagaDha, sohanalAlajI ma AmeTa, dopacandajI jainAkucAmana, mohanarAjajI jaina pAlI, mANakacandajI sogAnI zrIlAla ka vaDiyA, jItamala jI copaDA, Adi ke nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / zikSA ke kSetra meM katipaya mahAmanA mahatvapUrNa sevAyeM samAja ko de rahe haiM / santa puruSa zrI kesarImala jI suganA kI nirantara lagana aura tyAga bhAvanA kA hI pratiphala hai ki rANAvasa vidyAbhUmi meM pariragata ho gayA hai aura zrAja vahAM skUla, kAleja, boDiMga hAUsa ke mAdhyama se bAlakoM kA bahuta hI sundara bhaviSya nirmANa ho rahA hai / samAja ke tapetapAe netA zrI phUlacanda jI bAphanA vidyAvADI rANI ke mAdhyama se rAjasthAna ke nArI samAja ko anupama zikSA pradAna karane kA prayatna kara rahe haiM / udaya jaina kAnoDa meM skUla ke dAyare se Age bar3ha kara kAleja kI sthApanA kara rahe haiM / sAhitya ke kSetra meM bhI paryApta pragati huI hai / prAcArya tulasI ke sAnidhya meM prAgama sampAdana kA kArya nirantara cala rahA hai| jaina vizva bhAratI ne bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa sAhitya kA prakAzana kriyA 1 AcArya hastImala jI ke sAnidhya meM bahuta hI khojapUrNa mahatvapUrNa jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa taiyAra ho rahA hai| jisake do khaNDa prakAzita ho cuke haiM / madhukara muni kI preraNA se bhagavAna mahAvIra kA sundara jIvana caritra hamAre sammukha prAyA hai| mahAvIra kI tIrtha kSetra kameTI va ToDaramala smAraka ne acchA sAhitya prakAzana kiyA hai / agara canda jI nAhaTA jaise zodhakartA va DA0 narendra bhAnAvata, DA0 kastUracanda jI kAsalIvAla, DA0 prema sumana, DA0 saugAnI jI jaise taTastha vicAraka va lekhaka nirantara sAhitya sevA kara rahe haiN| zrI devIlAla jI sAMmara ne kaThaputalI ke mAdhyama se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana aura upadezoM ko bahuta hI mArmika aura sundara DhaMga se prastuta kiyA haiN| apanI bhAratIya kalA maNDala kI TIma ke sAtha ve zIghra hI videza yAtrA para jA rahe haiN| zrI mahAvIra rAja gelaDA prAdhyApaka DUMgara kAleja bIkAnera hara varSa darzana pariSad ke mAdhyama se vidvAnoM ko AmaMtrita karate haiN| yaha pariSad jaina vizva bhAratI dvArA Ayojita hotI hai / rAjasthAna meM isa varSa jaina ekatA kI prabala lahara bhAI hai aura zrAja sampUrNa samAja choTechoTe Tukar3oM meM vibhakta na rahakara apane prApako eka rUpa meM saMgaThita pA rahA hai / isa varSa kI sabase

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mahatvapUrNa upalabdhiyAM hai samAja kA saMgaThita honA aura nAnA suyogya va utsAhI kAryakattAnoM kA samAja ko prana honaa| rAjasthAna kI rAjadhAnI nayapura meM isa varSa anekoM mahatvapUrNa kAryakrama hue hai| dIvAlI 74 para bar3e hI sundara aSTha divasIya kAryakraya prAntIya sapiti ke tatvAvadhAna meM rakhe gae the jinameM vizAla julUsa, jana sabhA, sAMskRtika kAryakrapoM va samAja sudhAra goSThI vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| mahAvIra jayanti para jayapura kI janatA kA ullAsa varNAnAtIta thA ! usa dina jayapura kA jana mAnasa julUsa ke samaya sar3aka para nahIM samA rahA thaa| rAmalIla maidAna kA pANDAla bhI choTA par3a gyaa| prAcArya tulasI ne janatA kI utsAha samIkSA karate hue kahA ki jayapura ke julUsa va vizAla jana sabhA kA prAyojana dillI kI apekSA kisI kadara bhI kama nahIM hai / tArIkha 3-8-75 ko sAhitya samarpana divasa para jitane kama samaya meM jitanA adhika sAhitya hameM milA usako hameM prasannatA hai / isa avasara para jaba vikalAMga sahAyatA samiti kI bAta upasthita ja' samudAya ko batAI gaI to sirpha 15 minaTa ke samaya meM hAthoM hAtha janatA ne 1 lAkha rupaye ko dhossnn| vahIM para hI kara dii| isa varSa dIvAlI para hamane smArikA prakAzana kA nizcaya kiyA hai tAki isa mAdhyama se hama sAla bhara kI hamArI yojanAoM va kAryakalApoM kA lekhA jokhA le sakeM aura Age kI yojanAoM ke bAre meM soca skeN| rAjasthAna me jo yojanAyeM banAI gaI haiM evaM jo kArya prArambha kiye gae haiM unakI pasaphala heta samaya kI prAvazyakatA hai aura lakSya kI prApti taka jisa mahAsamiti ne unheM itanA bala va preraNA pradAna kI hai, kA saMrakSaNa aAvazyaka hai| ina saba prA.zyakatAoM ko madhya najara rakhate hue mahAsamiti ke kAryakAla ko eka sAla ke lie aura bar3hA diyA gyaa| rAjya sarakAra se bhI rAjya samiti kI kAryakAla ko bar3hAne kA pranurodha kiyA gayA hai / samiti ne saMvatsarI ekatA kA vor3A bar3A uThAyA hai isa kArya hetu prAcArya tulasI, prAcArya nAnAlAla jI, prAcArya hastImala jI, muni zrI mizrImala jI (marUdhara kezarI) evaM madhukara muni prabhRti muniyoM kA AzIrvAda prApta ho cukA hai| rikha barA na kI karNAvaTa ko saMvatsarI ekatA upasamiti kA saMyojaka manonIta kiyA ga-1 hai| Apa saba logoM kA pUrNa sahayoga milatA rahA to vaha dina dUra nahIM jabaki hama saba milakara eka dina e sAtha hI saMmvatsarI manAyeMge / ___ ajamera ke jilAdhIza zrIyutta kummaTa jI ne anupama samAja sevA kA anupama vrata liyA hai unakI preraNA se eka bahuta hI sundara samAja sevI saMsthA kA janma ho rahA hai| isI prakAra bADamera jile ke jilAdhIza bhI anila vaizya, lekhAdhikArI zrI bAbUmala bhUttA evaM nagarapAlikA adhyakSa zrI madanalAla rAmAvata kA bhagavAna mahAvIra nirmANa mahotsava ke vibhinna kAryakramoM meM sakriya yogadAna diyA hai| hasamiti kI baiThakeM ajamera, jodhapura zrI DUgaragar3ha (jilA cUrU) va jayapura meM Ayojita ho cukI hai| jodhapura meM karIba 10 hajAra vyakti hamAre Ayojana meM sammilita hue the| munizrI madhukara jI eva sAdhvI zrI vijaya zrI jI Adi ne isameM pramukha rUpa se bhAga liyA thA tathA bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvanI jisake ki pramukha sampAdaka muni zrI madhukara jI the kA vimocana huA thA / zrI DUMgaragar3ha meM karIba 20 hajAra vyaktiyoM kI upasthiti meM samiti kA Ayojana sampanna hudhA / prAcArya zrI tulasI kA sAnidhdha prApta huA evaM kendrIya vitta maMtrI zrI subrahmaNyam evaM rAja

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sthAna ke vitta maMtrI / candanamala jI vaida vizeSa rUpa se padhAre the| maiM cAroM hI jagaha ke mAyojakoM va kAryakartAmoM ko sundara prabandha va vyavasthA ke lie dhanyavAda denA cAhatA huuN| zrI ghevara canda no kAnUnago, rikhabarAja jo karNAvaTa, mANakacanda jI saMcetI, lakSmIcanda jI, zrI gAMdhI jI prAdi jodhapura ke kAryakartA eva zrI amaracanda jo lUNiyAM, mAMgIlAla jI jaina, zrI lAla jo kAvaDiyA mANaka canda jI sAgAnI mAdi ajamera ke kAryakartAoM, zrI bacchara ja jI pArakha, sampatarAma jI bhAdANI evaM zrI kanhaiyA lAla jI chAjeDa Adi DUMgaragar3ha ke kAryakartAoM tathA zrI kocinda jI TAMka, rAjakumAra jI baigAnI, zrI kailAzacanda jI, pUnama canda jI, surendra kumAra jo zrI mAla, azoka saMcetI Adi jayapura ke kAryakartAoM ko prAvAsa, bhAjana va prAnya sabhI prakAra kI vyavasthA ke lie maiM bhanekAneka dhanyavAda detA huuN| jayapura se sAta mIla dUra surAnA pharama meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kevalajJAna divasa prAcArya tulasI ke sAnidhya meM manAyA gyaa| jisameM kendrIya vitta maMtrI zrI sI. subrahmaNyam rAjasthAna ke vitta maMtrI zrI candana mala jo vaida, rAjasthAna ke sIkara zrI rAma kizora vyAsa ne bhAga liyaa| samiti ke kArya sampAdana meM adhyakSa zrI bhAgacanda sonI kI sUjhabUjha kA bar3A sahayoga rahA hai / kAryAdhyakSa zrI rAjarUpa jI TAMka hamAre preraNA va zakti ke kendraka rahe haiN| jahAM jahAM bhI hamAre kAryoM meM dikkateM AI ve Dha la banakara hamAre vAraNa ke lie samupasthita rahe / anyAnya padAdhikAriyoM kA bhI yathocita sahayoga milatA rahA hai| zrI kapUracanda jo pATanI, hIrAcanda jI vaida. ratanalAla jI chAbar3A va pannAlAla jI bAThiyA ne samiti ko atyanta mahatvapUrNa sevAyeM kI hai| zrI kapUracanda jI pATanI kA hara kArya meM pratyanta sakriya sahayoga milA hai| jayapura meM julUsa kA jaba jaba bhI virATa Ayojana huprA usakI sampUrNa sundara vyavasthA meM kapUra nanda jI pATanI jI ne athaka parizrama kiyA hai| vizAla jalUsoM ko sundara DhaMga se saMgaThita karane kA bhAra zrI kapUranandajI pATanI para rahA hai| paura rAjasthAna meM julUsa sajjA aura vyavasthA kI dRSTi se unhoMne kIrtimAna sthApita kiyA hai| . hIrAcanda jI vaida ke jimme vikalAMga sahAyatA samiti hetu dravya ikaTThA karanA hai| isa mAdhyama se ve mAnavatA ko bahuta bar3I sevA kara rahe haiM ! zrI ratanalAla nI chAbar3A, zrIpannAlAla bAMThiyA kA sahayoga jaba bhI jisa rUpa meM mahAsamiti ne cahA hai use milA hai| sAMskRtika kAryakramoM ko saphala banAne meM zrI bAbUlAla jI pATanI, zrI tilakarAja jI sahayoga rahA hai| zrI jJAnacanda jI saMcetI va zrI lakSmI nanda jI jaina ke pAthiyoM ke tathA anyAnya sabhI saMgIta jaina maNDaloMkA hamAre sabhI sAMskR ika kAya kamA meM pUrNa yogadAna rahA hai jisake lie sabhI badhAI ke pAtra haiN| zrI candanamala jo gujarAnI, horAbhAI ema. caudharaM', motIlAla jI bhar3akatiyA, saubhAgamala jA nAhaTA, gumAnamalajI, umarAvamala jI coraDiyA, saradAra caupar3A, saradAramala jo DhaDhA, mannAlAla jI surAnA, khelazaMkarabhAI dulabha jI, dAbUlAla jI zAha kevala canda jI TholiyA, jayakumAra jI jaina, zIlaprasAda jI, tilakarAja jo, mahendra jaina, balabhadra jI jaina, surajJAnIcanda jI luhAr3iyA, tArAcanda jI pATanI va bAbUlAla jI pATanI kA sahayoga vizeSa ullekhanIya rahA hai| DA0 mUlacanda jI se ThayA, hukamacanda jI bhArilla, bhaMvaralAla jI nyAyatIrtha mila pacanda jaina Adi vanAoM na tathA rAjamana jI jaina, va prasannakuma ra jIseThI jaise kaviyoM ne hamAre samAroha ko saphala banAyA hai| DA0 rAjamala jI kAsalIvAla vRddhAvasthA meM bhI hame preraNA va utsAha

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dete rahe haiN| zrI vimalacaMda jI surANA, zrI harizcaMda jI baDera, uttamacaMda jI seThiyA mAdi se jo sahayoga milA hai vaha smaraNIya rhegaa| zrI pravINacanda chAvar3A, premacanda jI chAbar3A, harizacaMda jI golachA, tejakaraNa jI DaMDiyA tathA anyAnya kalA maNDalo va maNDaliyo ne hamAre ko saphala banAne meM jo yogadAna diyA prazasanIya hai / mahilA kAryakatriyoM meM zrImatI prabhA zAha va kumArI vimalA bAThiyA kA sahayoga mahatvapUrNa rahA / hamAre julUsoM meM terApaMthI mahilA maNDala kI sadasyAnoM ne bhAga lekara jayapura ke itihAsa meM eka mahAna kArya kiyA aura mahilAoM ke lie julUsa meM zarIka hone kA rAstA prazasta kiyA / zivajI rAma bhavana, prAtmAnaMda sabhA bhavana, bar3A dIvAna jI maMdira, lAla bhavana, grIna hAUsa mahAvIra vidyAlaya hAla, ToDaramala smAraka, mAdarza nagara jaina maMdira, premaprakAza sinemA va rAmalIlA maidAna meM hamAre prAyojana hote rahe haiN| sabhI saMbaMdhita adhikAriyoM ko maiM dhanyavAda denA cAhatA huuN| svayaM sevaka vyavasthA hetu vIra sevaka maNDala ke sadasyagaNa badhAI ke pAtra haiN| TAMka sAhaba ke yahAM rahane vAlA nAI bhaMvaralAla tathA rAjasthAna jaina sabhA ke karmacArI zrI ballabhazama ko mArI jaina samAja ke ghara-ghara jAkara hamAre progrAmoM ke lie grAma lie vizeSa rUpa se dhanyavAda kA pAtra mAnatA huuN| zrI bhAgacaMda jI jaina ne hamezA mAIka kI bar3I sundara vyavasthA kI hai| aura aMta meM maiM smArikA ke sabhI sampAdakoM vizeSa kara zrIbhaMvaralAlajI polyAkA evaM hamAre prabaMdha sampAdaka dvaya ke prati vizeSa AbhAra pradarzita karanA cAhatA huuN| muni zrI vizAla vijaya jI, muni zrI jayAnaMdana, kSullakajI"...." sAdhvI zrIsUrajakaMvarajI, kamalazrI jI evaM kauzalyA zrIjI pichalI dIvAlI para vizeSa sAnidhya milA jisakI hameM prasannatA hai| isa varSa prAcArya zrI tulasI va sAdhvI zrI vicakSaNa zrI jI va zrI sajana zrI jI, jesI diggaja pratibhAoM kA sAnidhya hameM prApta huA hai etadartha hama gauravAnvita mahasUsa kara rahe haiN| kAryAlaya ke kArya sampAdana meM zrI madana modo evaM zrI bhaMvara lAla pArakha kA jo sahayoga milA hai use maiM bhUla nahIM sktaa| hajAroM-hajAroM mAnava medanI kA hameM pyAra, sammAna va sahayoga milA hai| usa sabake lie maiM mahAsaciva kI ora se una sabake prati kRtajJatA jJApita karatA hUM aura prAzA karatA hU~ ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA saMdeza aura upadeza phailAne meM, AtmasAt karane meM jo utsAha va sahayoga sabane divAyA vaha hamezA ke lie cirasthAyI rhegaa| (sampata kumAra gadhaiyA) jaya boram "zrI vRddhi" TI.-38 subhASa mArga, sI skIma, jayapura

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vizAla jalUsa kI jhAMkI NI bhagavAna mahApAra SoldifNamahIllava saMgraha ka. pharaha-klezati saundanna atonI pani nAkIvaka maNDala vanakA pradhAna sabhA noTA hotA hai kAleja, AmahI maccAjAnA mikAlaya hA 2500 veM mahAvIra nirvANotsava ke upalakSa meM dinAMka 13 navambara 74 ko nikAle gaye julUsa kA eka vihaMgama dRzya /

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bAr3amera jilA - navanirmAraNa kI ora zili 1. bhagavAna mahAvIra nagara kI sthApanA : bAr3amera nagara meM nagarapAlikA kI ora se bhagavAna mahAvIra nagara kI sthApanA kI gii| yaha nagara mahAvidyAlaya ke samIpa eka vizAla kSetra meM basAyA jA rahA hai| jisameM karIbana 2350 bhAvAsIya bhUkhaNDa hoMge | philahAla 1151 plATa banAne kI yojanA kriyAnvita kara dI gaI hai / isa nagara meM pArka, bAjAra, posTa grAphisa, baiMka, zikSaNa saMsthAnoM ke atirikta bhagavAna mahAvIra pArka hetu bhUkhaNDa surakSita rakhe gaye haiN| isa nagara meM anusUcita evaM janajAti ke logoM ko bhI prAthamiktA ke sAtha prAvAsIya bhUmi AvaMTita kI gaI hai / 10 2. bhagavAna mahAvIra cauka : bAr3amera nagara ke kalyANapurA jaina maMdira ke sAmane vAle cauka kA nAma bhagavAna mahAvIra cauka rakhA gayA hai / jisakA nirmANa kArya nagarapAlikA bAr3amera karavA rahI hai| isa cauka ko DAmara se pakkA banAyA jA rahA hai jisameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA eka smAraka bhI sthApita kiyA jAvegA / isa cauka para karIbana 25000 rupaye vyaya hone kA anumAna hai| yaha nirmANa kArya nirvANa mahotsava varSa meM hI pUrNa kiyA jAyegA / 3. mahAbIra mArga . bAr3amera nagara ke telIpAr3A ke samIpa hemarAja mehatA ke nivAsa sthala vAlI galI kA nAmakaraNa nirvANa mahotsava varSa meM 'mahAvIra mArga' rakhA gayA hai | 4. bhagavAna mahAvIra maMca : rAjakIya bahuuddezIya uccatara mAdhyamika vidyAlaya ke prAMgaNa meM eka sundara evaM pakkA 'bhagavAna mahAvIra maMca' kA nirmANa karavAyA gayA hai| isa nirmANa kArya para karIbana 0 40001vyaya ho cuke haiM / yaha nirmANa kArya bAr3amera jilA bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500vat nirvANa mahotsava samiti dvArA kiyA gayA hai / 5. bhagavAna mahAvIra zilAlekha / dIpAvalI 1975 se pUrva rAjya sarakAra se prApta bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke upadezoM kA eka zilAlekha stambha navanirmita hone vAle bhagavAna mahAvIra udyAna meM nagarapAlikA bAr3amera dvArA sthApita kiyA jAvegA / 6. bhagavAna mahAvIra udyAna kA nirmANa : nagarapAlikA bAr3amera kI ora se jilAdhIza kAryAlaya ke sAmane karIbana 40 hajAra rupaye kI lAgata se eka mahAvIra udyAna kA nirmANa ho rahA hai| jisameM sundara evaM prAkarSaka phavvArA banAyA jA rahA hai / isI pArka meM 40 hajAra kI lAgata se mahAvIra kuTIra hetu do sundara kamaroM kA nirmANa kiyA jA rahA hai| jisameM jaina saMskRti kA digdarzana karavAyA jaavegaa| jile kI prAcIna zilpakalA kRtiyoM, grantha evaM citroM ko isa kuTIra meM saMjoya rakhane kI samucita vyavasthA kI jAyegI /

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7. bhagavAna mahAvIra kATeja vArDa :, .......... bAr3amera ke rAjakIya cikitsAlaya prAMgaNa meM sarvazrI puruSotamadAsa bhaMvaralAla boharA, mUlacanda sindhI eva rikha badAsa vaDera dvArA cAra kamaroM kA eka kATe / vArDa kA nirmANa karavA kara janatA kI sevA me bheMTa kara diyA hai| isa kATeja vArDa para karIbana 60 hajAra rupayA vyaya kiyA gayA hai| 8. bhagavAna mahAvIra kI kahAnI pustaka : bar3ame jilA bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500vAM nirvANa mahotsava samiti ke maMtrI bhUracanda jaina dvArA likhI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI kaha nI pustaka ko eka pAkeTa buka dIpa.valo 1975 se pUrva bhagavAna mahAvIra saila se prakAzita kI jA rahI hai| 9. skUla bhavana evaM pyAU kA nirmAga: isI nirvANa mahotsava varSa meM bAr3amera ke samAjasevI paratApajI kI prola ke gole chA bandhuoM kI ora se neharU nagara meM eka prAthamika pAThaza lA bhavana evaM pyAU kA nirmANa karavAyA jA rahA hai jisa para karIbana 50 hajAra rupaye vyaya hoNge| 10. mAtRzizu kalyANa kendra kA nirmANa : nirvANa mahotsava varSa ke daurAna bAr3amera ke bhagata cereTIbala TrasTa kI ora se eka lAkha dasa hajAra rupaye kI lAgata se rAjaka ya cikitsAlaya bAr3amera ke prAMgaNa meM ma tR zizu kalyANa kendra bhavana kA nirmANa ho rahA hai yaha bhavana dii| vanI 7) se pUrva pUrNa ho jaavegaa| 11. akAla pIr3itoM ko sahAyatA : bAr3amera jilA bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa mahotsava samiti kI ora se rAjasthAna nahara para lAne vAle akAla pIr3itoM ko sahAratA hetu dasa hajAra rupaya diye gye| isa dhanarAzi se makAla pIr3itoM ko pranna niHzulka diyA gyaa| 12. jaina mandira, dharmazAlA evaM bApAvAsa . bAr3amere nagara ke zrI pArzvanAtha jinAlaya meM cAra saMgamaramara kI vediyAM banAI jA rahI hai| jisa para anumAnataH karIbana eka DeDha la kha yA vyaya hogaa| isI prakAra kalyANapurA jaina mandira ke pAsa jaina dharmazAlA bhI isI varSa banAI gaI hai| jisa para anupAta: 15 hajAra rupaye vyaya hue haiN| nirvANa varSa se pUrva bAr3amera nagara meM jana cha trAva sa bana rahA hai usa isI nivAraNa mahotsava varSa meM pUrNa kara prArambha karane kI vyavasthA kI jA rahI hai| . 13. bhagavAna mahAvIra pustakAlaya: / bAr3amera jilA mukhyAvAsa para zrI bhUpacanda jaina maMtrI bha. ma. 2500vAM ni. ma. sa. bAr3amera ke nivedana para unake parivAra ke sarvazrI sunatA :mala, mum napana evaM vIcanda jaina putra zrI phonamala boharA kI tarapha se karIbana 15000 rupae kI lAgata se bhagavAna mahAvIra pustAya - 1 zoghra hI nirmANa karavAne kI vyavasthA kI jA rahI hai| 14. bhagavAna mahAva ra mAta ziza kalyANa kendra : . bAr3ame mila ke sivAnA nagarapAlikA kSetra meM kAnUnago ce reTIba ' TrasTa kI aura se do lAkha hAyA, vyaya karake bhAvAna mahAvIra mAtR zizu pAraNa kendra' khola yi gayA hai jo vyava sthita rUpa se kAya kara rahA hai /

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15, bhagavAna mahAvIra pyAU : sivAnA meM zrI bassIrAma bhaMvarala la dAMtI bAlotarA vAloM ne 25 hajAra rupayA vyava karake eka sArvajanika pyAU kA nirmANa kArya pUrNa karavA diyA gayA hai ! 16. bhagavAna mahAvIra bhavana kA nirmANa sivAnA kasbe meM karIbana eka lAkha rupaye kI lAgata se jaina samAja kI tarapha se bhagavAna mahAvIra bhavana bana rahA hai jo zIghra nirdhAraNa mahotsava varSa meM pUrNa ho jAvegA / 17. bhagavAna mahAvIra homyopaithika cikitsAlaya : sivAnA meM eka lAkha rupaye kI lAgata se kAnUnago cereTIbala TrasTa dvArA bhagavAna mahAvIra homyopaithika cikitsAlaya bhavana bana rahA hai / 18. netra cikitsA zivira : kAnUnago cereTebila TrasTa evaM jana sahayoga se sivAnA meM dinAMka 2-4-75 ko eka netra cikitsA zivira lagAyA gayA jisameM 21 logoM ke Aparezana hue aura 200 logoM kI prAthamika cikitsA kI gii| bhAMkhoM ke Aparezana bhAdri kI samucita vyavasthA niHzulka kI gaI / 19. bhagavAna mahAvIra kanyA pAThazAlA : sivAnA kasbe meM janasahayoga se tIna lAkha rupaye kI lAgata se isI varSa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kanyA pAThazAlA bhavana kI yojanA vicArAdhIna hai jisakI prArambhika sabhI prakAra kI taiyAriyAM pUrNa kara lI haiM / 20. bhagavAna mahAvIra zilAlekha : sivAnA tahasIla evaM paMcAyata samiti ke kAryAlaya ke sAmane bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke upadezoM kA eka zilAlekha zrI lAlacaMda hastImala codharI sivAnA kI tarapha se lagAnA nizcita kara diyA gayA hai jo isa varSa meM lagAyA jaayegaa| isa para karIbana 15 hajAra rupaye vyaya kiye jaayeNge| akAla pIr3itoM ko niHzulka sahAyatA : 21. isa nirvANa vayaM ke daurAna sivAna ke pradhAna zrI ratanabanda bAlar3a kI bAlar3a parivAra ne sivAnA tahasIla ke mahAla pIr3itoM ko nizulka bhojana hetu hajAra logoM meM bitaraNa kiyaa| 22. bhagavAna mahAvIra bhavana kA nirmANa nAkor3A jana tIrthaM - mevAnagara para karIbana do lAkha rupaye kI lAgata se bhavana kA nirmANa kArya zrArambha ho gayA hai| isa bhavana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ko pradarzita kiyA jAvegA / bhavana meM raMgamaMca evaM pustakAlaya kI vyavasthA bhI hogii| 23. bhagavAna mahAvIra kAlonI kA nirmANa : - nAkor3A to TrasTa kameTI mevAnagara ne isa tIrtha para 6 lAkha rupaye kI lAgata se bhagavAna mahAvIra kAlonI kA nirmANa prArambha kara diyA hai| jisameM suvidhAjanaka AvAsa bhavanoM kI vyavasthA hogI / dasa kAlonI meM sundara udyAna kA nirmANa bhI kiyA jAvegA / 24. bhagavAna mahAvIra jaina dharmazAlAeM : bAr3amera se jaisalamera sar3aka mArga para zrI nAkor3A jaina tIrtha kI ghora se rupaye kI lAgata se tIna jaina dharmazAlAeM banAne kI svIkRti pradAna kI gaI hai| mAtA kI preraNA se 5 borI dhanna eka bhagavAna mahAvIra jIvana ke tailacitroM karIbana 20 hajAra isakA nirmANa kArya

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zIghra prArambha kiyA jArahA hai| isI prakAra kI dasa anya bhagavAna mahAvIra vizrAma gRha bhI bAlotarA se bAr3amera evaM bAr3amera se jaisalamera sar3aka mArga para banAne kA nizcaya kiyA gayA hai / 25. bhagavAna mahAvIra zilAlekha : nirvANa mahotsava varSa meM hI nAkor3A tIrtha para bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA eka sundara zilAlekha taiyAra kara lagavAne kA kArya prArambha kara diyA gayA hai / 26. jaina dharmacakra kI sthApanA : nAkor3A tIrtha kI pahAr3I para jaina dharmacakra sthApita karane kI svIkRti TrasTa kameTI ke adhyakSa ne de dI hai jisakA nirmANa kArya zIghra prArambha kiyA jA rahA hai / 27. bhagavAna mahAvIra rAjakIya cikitsAlaya : bAlotarA kasbe meM jana sahayoga se sAta lAkha rupaye kI lAgata se banane vAle bhagavAna mahAvIra rAjakIya cikitsAlaya hetu prAcIna cikitsAlaya ke pAsa relave vibhAga se eka bar3e bhUkhaNDa ko kraya kara liyA gayA hai| isakA nirmANa kArya zIghra prArambha kiyA jArahA hai / 28. prakAla pIr3itoM ko sahAyatA : prakAla pIr3itoM ko sahAyatA dene ke liye bAlotarA kasbe meM janamahayoga se niyamita rUpa se gur3a, khAdyAnna prAdi niHzulka diyA gayA / jisa para anumAnata: 20,000/- rupaye vyaya hue / 29. jaina nirdezikA kA prakAzana : bAlotarA upakhaNDa ke jaina samAja kA eka paricayAtmaka grantha jaina nirdezikA ke rUpa meM prakAzita ho rahA hai| isakA kArya pragati para hai / 30. raina baserA ( bhagavAna mahAvIra raina baserA ) : bhagavAna mahAvIra nirdhAraNa varSa ke daurAna bAlotarA kasbe meM eka raina baserA sthApita kiyA jA rahA hai / jisa para karIbana 10,000/- rupaye vyaya hoMge / bhaviSya meM ise nagarapAlikA bAlotarA dvArA calAyA jAvegA / 31. mAkor3A jaina sarAya kA nirmANa : bAlotarA kasbe meM nAkor3A jaina tIrtha mevAnagara kI ora se do lAkha rupaye kI lAgata se jaina sarAya kA nirmANa kArya pUrNa hone jA rahA hai / 32. bhagavAna mahAvIra bAla vikAsa kendra : bAlotarA meM bhArata sarakAra ke zikSA vibhAga kI ora se eka bhagavAna mahAvIra bAla vikAsa kendra kholane ke liye paccIsa hajAra rupaye janasahayoga se dene hetu taiyAra hai / abhI taka sarakAra kI mora se svIkRti prApta nahIM huI hai / 33. bhagavAna mahAvIra nagara kI sthApanA : bAlotarA kasbe meM bhagavAna mahAvIra nagara sthApita karane ke liye pUrNa taiyAriyAM sampanna ho cukI hai| nagarapAlikA bAlotarA se bhUmi AvaMTana ke Adeza hote hI isa nagara meM bhAvAsa * hetu bhavana banane bArambha ho jAyeMge /

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34, bhagavAna mahAvIra pyAU kA nirmA: / samadar3I meM zrI pukharAja jI kevalacaMda jI maMlaroM kA bADA kI bhora se lagabhaga 6 hajAra rupaye kI lAgata se sArvajanika upayoga hetu bhagavAna mahAvIra pyAU kA nirmANa pUrNa ho gayA hai / yaha dhanarAzi janasahayoga se prApta huI hai| 35. skUla meM kamaroM kA nirmANa : samadar3I kanyA vidyAlaya ke prAMgaNa meM janasahayoga se nirvANa mahotsava varSa meM 6-7 kamaroM kA nirmANa kArya pUrNa ho cukA hai| 38. rephala hosTa la : bhagavAna mahAvIra rephala hAspITala hetu samadar3I vAsI tIna lAkha rupaye vyaya karanA cAhate haiM lekina sarakAra kI svIkRti abhI taka prApta nahIM huI hai| ... / 37. bhagavAna mahAvIra jaina dharmazAlA kA nirmANa : bAr3amera jile ke dhorImannA grAma meM janasahayoga se 25 hajAra rupaye kI lAgata se bhagavAna mahAvIra jaina dharmazAlA kA nirmANa ho rahA hai / 38. jaina mandira kA nirmANa : jile ke cauhaTana gAMva meM eka lAkha rupaye kI lAgata se jaina samAja dvArA jaina mandira kA nirmANa kArya ho rahA hai| 39. jaina madira kA nirmANa evaM pratiSThA : bAr3amera jile ke pAralU gAMva meM navanirmita jaina mandira kA pratiSThA mahotsava isa varSa sampanna huaa| 40. jaina mandira kA nirmANa : bADamera jile ke pacapadarA gAMva meM karIbana do lAkha rupaye kI lAgata kA jaina maMdira banane kI prArambhika taiyAriyAM prArambha ho cukI haiM / 41. jaina sAhitya: rAjasthAna kI samasta jilA pustakAlayoM meM sthApita bhagavAna mahAvIra kakSa ke liye bAr3amera jile se nimnalikhita vvaktiyoM evaM saMsthAnoM dvArA jaina sAhitya rAjasthAna pradeza bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa mahotsava samiti ko ni:zulka bhijavAyA gyaa| |-naakodd'aa tIrtha-mevAnagara =30 pustakeM =30citra 2-zrI prAdezvara jaina maMDala-bAr3amera =75 pustakeM + 30 . 3-zrI pArzva jaina maMDala, bAr3amera =78 pustakeM+30 4-zrI vartamAna jaina maMDala-bAr3amera - 90 pustakeM 5-vandanA prakAzana-vAr3amera -30 smArikAeM 6-zrI bhUracanda jaina-bAr3amera =85 pustakeM + 30 = 320 bhagavAna mahAvIra citra -40 bAr3amera nakze

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42. rAjakIya cikitsAlaya ko reDiyo meMTa! - aGamera ke rAjakIya cikitsAlaya ko jilA nirvANa mahotsava samiti ke maMtrI zrI bhUracanda baina ne madhyapradeza ke sarApharUpacanda bhannAla jaina khAcarauda kI tarapha se unakI mAtA zRgAravAI kI smRti meM eka vizAla reDiyo saiTa bheMTa kiyaa| yaha reDiyo cikitsAlaya meM bhartI marIjoM ko bhajana evaM samAcAra sunAne ke upayoga meM prArahA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra prAkTioriyama : - bAr3amera nagara meM nava nirmita hone vAle bhagavAna mahAvIra nagara meM jana sahayoga se vizAla bhagavAna mahAvIra raMgamaMca-ADiToriyama kA nirmANa karavAyA jA rahA hai| jisa para karIbana 6 lAkha ruAye vyaya kiye jaaveNge| isa raMgamaMca kI prAcIroM para bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana vRta teja citroM kA nirmANa karavAyA jaavegaa| ahiMsA caurAhA : bAr3amera nagara ke sTezana caurAhe para isI varSa ke daurAna ahiMsA caurAhA banAyA jA rahA hai / ipta caura he ke madhya bhAga meM mahAtmA gAMdhI kI pratimA pratiSThita kI jAvegI aura cAroM tarapha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza naMkita kiye jAvege / isa caurAhe hetu zrI nemIcanda azoka kumAra golechA kI ora se pAMca hajAra rupaye diye gaye haiN| sampUrNa caurAhe para karIbana 25 hajAra se adhika rupaye vyaya hoMge jo nagarapAlikA bAr3amera dvArA vyaya kiye jaavege| sArvajanika pyAUoM kA nirmANa : bADamera nagara meM bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa mahotsava varSa ke daurAna rAjakIya bahuuddezIya uccatara ma dhyamika vidyAlaya, rAjakIya kanyA pAThazAlA, sTezana caurAhe evaM basa sTeNDa ke pAsa sArvajanika upayoga ke liye karIbana 60 hajAra rupaye kI lAgata se sArvajanika pyAUpoM kA nirmANa kArya karane kA dAnadAtAmoM kI svIkRti mila gaI hai jise zIghra prArambha kiyA jA rahA hai| janatA dharmazAlA: bAr3amera nagara meM rAjakIya cikitsAlaya evaM bAla mandira ke pAsa janatA ke hitArtha janatA dharmazAlA ka nirmANa kArya sevA gana purUSotamadAsa Adi dvArA karavAyA jAnA nizcaya ho gayA hai| isa dharmazAlA para karIbana tIna lAkha rupaye vyaya kiye jaavege| bhagavAna mahAvIra eksa re plAnTa : sivAnA meM zrI rikhabacanda mizrImala jindANI kI bhora se nirvANa mahotsava varSa meM do lAkha rupaya kI lAgata se eka bhagavAna mahAvIra eksa re plAnTa evaM leboreTarI suvidhA upalabdha karavAne kA nizcaya kiyA gayA hai / yaha kArya zIghra prArambha kara diyA jaavegaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra stambha : bAr3amera jile ke mokalasara gAMva meM janasahayoga se bhagavAna mahAvIra stambha nirmANa karane kA nicaya kiyA gayA hai| isa stambha para karIbana 25 hajAra se adhika dhanarAzi vyaya kI jaavegii| isa stambha meM jaina sthApatyakalA ke sAtha sAtha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA bhI samAveza hogaa|

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1 bhagavAna mahAvIra pyAU : jasola grAma meM sthita udyoga bastI meM bhagavAna mahAvIra pyAU kA nirmANa karavAne ka nizcaya kiyA gayA hai / isa nirmANa kArya para bhI karIbana 10 hajAra rupaye vyaya kiye jAvege yaha nirNaya udyogapatiyoM dvArA liyA gayA hai / miDila skUla nirmANa : jasola grAma meM zrI siremala jI nainamala jo boharA kI ora se nirvANa mahotsava varSa meM miDila skUla banAne kA nirNaya liyA hai| isa nirmANa kArya para karIbana eka lAkha rupaye vyaya kiye jAveMge / isakA kArya zIghra prArambha kiyA jA rahA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra cauka kA nirmAraNa : jasola grAma meM nirvANa mahotsava varSa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra cauka kI sthApanA karane kA nizcaya kara liyA gayA hai| isa cauka meM vizAla cabutare kA nirmAraNa kiye jAne kA nizcaya kiyA gayA hai aura usa para bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza evaM jaina pratIka sthApita karane kA nizNaya kiyA gayA hai / prAthamika pAThazAlA kA nirmANa : zrI jItamala giradharalAla mUMsAlI dvArA asAr3A zAlA kA nirmANa kArya niraNa mahotsava varSa meM karane kA karIbana 40 hajAra rupaye vyaya karane kI dAnadAtA kI svIkRti mila gaI hai / aspatAla ke janasahayoga kArya --- pacapadarA : Chan pacapadarA rAjakIya cikitsAlaya ke cAroM tarapha zrI sohanalAla sAlecA kI ghora se 11000 rupaye vyaya karake mahAvIra bAunDrI bAla banAI gaI haiN| zrI candanamala lukaDa kI tarapha se nirvANa varSa meM aspatAla ko tIna hajAra rupaye ke lebereTro kA sAmAna bheMTa kiyA gayA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra pustakeM bheMTa grAma meM eka navIna prAthamika kanyA pAThanizcaya kiyA hai / isa nirmANa kArya para bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa mahotsava samiti jodhapura kI ora se bADamera jile kI samasta zikSaNa saMsthAoM ko eka hajAra mahAvIra citra pustakeM niHzulka bheMTa kI gaI / udayapura 1- bhagavAna mahAvIra adhyayana kendra agravAla digambara jaina samAja ne uparokta kendra kI pariyojanA r3hAI lAkha rupaye kI taiyAra kI / isa kendra kA udghATana padma vibhUSaNa DA0 dolanasiMha jI koThArI ke kara kamaloM se dinAMka 20 navambara 74 ko huaa| zrI agravAla samAja ne prAhA bhI prakAzita kiyA / isa kendra meM mukhya pravRtiyAM - dainika zAstra sabhA, pustakAlA evaM vAcanAlaya, bAla mandira, jaina zikSaNa kendra va saMgIta kendra Adi kA prAvadhAna rakhA gayA hai| isa kendra kA mAsika vyaya pandraha sau rupaye mAsika rakhA gaya

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42 hai, yadyapi abhI taka yaha yojanA prArambhika avasthA meM hai| isake saMyojaka bhI cAMdamala jI agravAla hai / 2- - mahAvIra mAdhyamika vidyA mandira- samyaka jJAna pITha ke saMsthApaka zrI vIracanda jI mehatA ne apane athaka prayatnoM se 'mAdhyamika vidyA mandira' kA udghATana di0 12 jUna 75 ko karavAyA hai / isI pravasara para 'rAjasthAna jaina pratimA grantha' kA vimocana kiyA gayA / yaha saMsthA eka mAsika patra 'mahAvIra nandana' prakAzita karatI hai / 3 - vizvavidyAlayastarIya chAtrAvAsa - eka vizAla chAtrAvAsa eka sau kamaroM kA nirmANadhIna hai| isa chAtrAvAsa kA zilAnyAsa mahAmahima zrI mohanalAla jI sukhAr3iyA ne kiyA thaa| zrI mevAr3A terApantha samAja ne isa kArya kI bhUmikA prastuta kI aura cAra yuvaka kAryakartA ne apanI sevAyeM samarpita kii| kamarA paddhati ke AdhAra para vyakti-vyakti se prArthika anudAna kI rAziyA~ prApta kI gii| kAphI vipadAoM ke bAda yaha kArya saphala mArga kI aura agrasara haiM / cAra bar3e blAkoM kA nirmANa hogaa| jinakA anumAnita vyaya dasa lAkha rupaye kA hai / 4 - mahAvIra nATikA (vaizAlI kA abhiSeka) - padma zrI devIlAla jI sAmara, saMsthApaka - nirdezaka bhAratIya loka kalA maNDala, udayapura dvArA kaThaputalI nATikA taiyAra kI hai| isa nATikA kI deza ke vibhinna sthAnoM meM mAMga kI jA rahI hai aura pradarzita bhI ho rahI / hAla hI meM jayapura mora bADamera meM adhika saphalatA milI hai| zrI sAmara sAhaba kA yaha maulika prayAsa nirvANa zatAbdI varSa ke upalakSa meM eka vizeSa dena hai / udayapura nagara meM di0 26-27 akTUbara 1975 ke pradarzanoM se lAbhAnvita hogA / isa nATikA ke vizeSa zrAkaMSaNa prasaMga : mAtA trizalA ko svapna, indra dvArA abhiSeka, zUla pANI yajJa ke utpAta, caNDa kauzika daMza, kevala jJAna tathA bhagavAna ke sandezoM kA savamasaraNa prAdi samAveza hai / 5- mahAvIra smAraka yaha eka vAstava meM rASTrIya stara para mahatvAkAMkSI parikalpanA hai| jisake vidhAna ko pArita kara sArvajanikatA pradAna kI hai| bhUkhaNDa prApti, paMjIkaraNa va arthasaMgraha kI vizAla samasyAyeM sAmane hai * mahAsamiti ne janamata kI dRSTi se prArambhika bhUmikA prastuta kI hai| isakA prayAsa evaM nirmANa bhAgAmI varSa meM bala pakar3a egA, aisI zrAzA vyakta kI jAtI hai / vaise jilA prazAsana stara kI kAryakAriNI samiti ne zrI jilAdhIza mahodaya zrI pI0 ena0 bhaNDArI kI adhyakSatA meM di0 7 navambara 1974 ko nirNaya liyA ki 'udayapura nagara meM phatahasAgara ke Upara kisI pahAr3I para mahAvIra smAraka banAne kA nirNaya liyA gayA / udayapura nagara paryaTakoM kA kendra hai ataH nirmAraNa mahotsava udayapura dvArA yaha smAraka isa prakAra se banAve jo ki paryaTakoM ke liye eka prAkarSita bindu udayapura ke liye ho sake va isase samasta jaina samAja ke mahAvIra ke jo siddhAnta hai usakA dina darzana karAye jAve / isa smAraka ko banAne kI jimmedArI mahAvIra nirvANa mahotsava mahAsamiti ne lI jisake saMyojaka zrI bhairUlAla dhAkar3a haiM / zrI merUlAla dhAkar3a va zrI pratApasiMha muraDiyA jo ki nagara mahAsamiti ke saMyojaka, saMyojaka smAraka hai / ve nagara mahAsamiti dvArA isakI yojanA Adi banAkara isa kArya ko sampAdita karAveM / isa ,

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mahAsamiti ke saMyojaka jamIna prApta karane ke liye nagara vikAsa nyAsa ko plAna preSita kara jamIna prApta karane kI kAryavAhI karAveM / ' rAjakIya yaha preraNA va protsAhana pratyanta hI sarAhanIya hai| yaha smAraka pUrNa rUpa se dasa lAkha kI pariyojanA ho sakatI hai| 6. jainolojI ceara, udayapura vizvavidyAlaya -- ___ akhila bhAratIya sthAnaka vAsI sAdhumA saMgha mIkAnera ne jaina vibhAga udayapura vizvavidyAlaya meM sthApita karane ke liye do lAkha hAye kA anudAna denA nizcita kiyA thaa| kinhI kAraNoM se zithilatA mA jAna para, mahAsAmati ne miNa varSa ke upalakSa meM naitika samarthana diyaa| rAjya sarakAra ne eka lAkha rupaye kA anuda na di.20 mArca 1975 kI rAjasthAna prAntIya samiti kI baiThaka meM ghASaNa. ko| zrI sAdhUma. samAja nisakA paitRka yogadAna hai / vaha do lAkha rupaye zIghra hI vizvavidyAlaya ko jamA karAne meM pratyatna zIla hai| taba rAjya sarakAra se tatkAla eka lAkha rupaye kA anudAna prApta ho skegaa| vizvavidyAlaya meM jaina vibhAga svatantra rUpa se sthApita hogA jisameM eka prophesara va zodha vidyArthI hogeN| pora zora kArya ko prAthamikatA dI jaayegii| sambhava hai zikSaNa kI vyavasthA bhI prArambha kI jA ske| yaha prazna mAnanIya upakUlapati mahodaya DA0pI0 esa0 lAmbA sAhaba ke vicA-1. dhIna hogA / DA0 la mbA sAhaba ne jaina ce para sthApita karana meM bar3I sahRdayatA prakaTa kii| jaina samAja prAmArI hai| zrI sAdhumArgI samAja kA eka aitihAsika de| hAgI jo vismRta nahIM kI jA sakegI, AdaraNIya zrI gaNapArAja jI boharA kA Arthika yogadAna vizeSa ullekhaniya hai, jinakA sArvajanika anina dana hai, isa kArya meM pramuta niSThA vidvAna zrA himmatasiMha jI svarUpariyA kI rahI hai, sAtha meM ma * mA0 balavantasiMha jI mehatA kA utsAha bhI utanA ho sarAhanIya hai| 7: vikalAMga sahAyatA samiti rAjasthAna zAkhA udayapura __rAjya sarakAra va prAntIya samiAta ne vikalAMga sahAyatA kArya kI saMsthA sthApita kara bhagavAna mahAvIra ko saccI zraddhAjalI arpita kI hai| rAjya sarakAra kA do lAkha rupaye kA anudAna, di. 3 agasta kI sabhA meM eka lAkha rupaye kA tatkAla candA roTerI klaba tathA zrI varddhamAna zrAvaka sagha ke vizeSa prAdhika sahayoga ne isa samiti meM jAna phUMka dI / rASTrIya rUpAti prApta DA. pI. ke. seThI ne apanI sevAyeM saharSa samarpita kI haiN| udayapura bhI isa prora zIghratA se sahayoga pradAna karane meM saMlagna hai / zahara ke dhanI mAnI dAnI sajjanoM ne udAratA se hAtha baMTAyA hai, aba taka kAphI saMrakSaka va sAdhAraNa jIvana sadasya bana cuke haiN| ziSTa maNDala ke eka saptAha ke prayAsa se bAraha hajAra rupaye kI rAzi upalabdha ho cukI hai| zrI sohanalAlajI hiMgar3a, zrI kanhaiyAlAlajI TAyA, zrI mahAvIra prasAdajI miMDA, zrI hajArImalajI kAravA tathA zrI saMyojaka isa kArya meM yathA zakti lage hue haiN| 8. anya kArya1phatahapurA meM zrI sthAnakavAsI samAja dvArA paccAsa hajAra kI lAgata se eka sthAnaka banAne kI yojanA prArambhika avasthA meM hai| isameM sambhavataH zikSaNa pravRti bhI clegii| bhUpAlapure meM isa varSa sthAnakavAsI samAja dvArA sthAnaka nirmita ho cukA haiN| tAki dhArmika pravRti ko bala milegaa| zrI, zve. mUrtipUjaka samAja cAra lAkha rupaye kI rAzi se mAdhyamika zAlA nirmANa karane kI parikalpanA rakhatA hai aura hAthIpola kI dharmazAlA ke pAsa jamIna bhI nizcita karalI hai|

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xxitz samAja sudhAra .. svarUpa samAja racanA va rUr3hi unmUlana kI dRSTi se saba hI jaina samAjoM va usakI jAtiyoM ke pratinidhiyoM ne daheja prathA kI bhayaMkaratA ke prati ghora vedanA pragaTa kii| mAnavIya kamajoriyAM va jhaThI sAjAjika pratiSThAna ne samAja ke sAdhAraNa va garIba TabakoM para bhArI bojha DAla diyA hai jo asahya hotA jA rahA hai| unhoMne yaha nirNaya liyA ki: di. 17 navambara 74 va 24 navambara 74 kI baiThakoM meM saba hI samAja ke pratinidhiyoM ne yaha sahamati prakaTa kI ki daheja prathA ke bhayaMkara roga ko kama karane ke liye vaivAhika sambandhoM kI chUTa jaina jAti tathA de denI caahiye| isa aura koI virodha kahIM se bhI nahIM pAyA aura sarva mAnyatA pradarzita kI gaI / ' ... 1. yuvA varga sajaga pratIta hotA hai| udayapura meM boharA yUtha ne sAmUhika vaivAhika paddhati ke mArga ko apanA kara dUsarI jAti ke samakSa eka jvalanta udAharaNa upasthita kiyA hai| vyavahArika dharAtala para prayoga jaina samAja meM abhI garbha kI avasthA meM hai / isa aura zakti jitanI zakti cAhiye ghI nahIM juTA pAye aura na sAmUhika vAtAvaraNa banA ske| antarbhAnA avazya bana par3I hai| 'mahAvIra nandana' mAsika patrikA vaivAhika vijJApana avazya detA hai| eka krAMtikArI yuvAdala daheja kA damana kara sake, prAzA vAdo hai| prArambhika prArthika sahAyatA : pratyeka samAja isa zakti kI nidhi rakhatA hai aura udAra samAja sevI sajjanoM se kisI bhI acche kArya kA prArambha va saphala saMcAlana hotA hai| udayapura meM nimnalikhita mahAnubhAvoM ne bhagavAna mahAvIra paccIsavI nirvANa zatAbdI varSa ko manAne meM prArambhika sahAyatA aba taka pradAna kI : zrI bI. e. TI. eNDa sansa 1111), zrI pratApasiMhajI muraDiyA 1111), zrI kizanalAlajI dalAla 1001), zrI bhagavatIlAlajI svarUpariyA 1111) ru zrI jasakaraNajI dharmacandajI poravAla 1001), zrI siMghavI bradarsa 750), zrI kundanasiMhajI khamesarA 501), zrI phatalAlajI sohanalAlajI hiMgaDa 501) zrI kiraNamala jI zAmasukhA 501), zrI jotihajI mehatA 501), zrI nagara nirmANa samiti 500), rAjya sarakAra 725), zrI digambara samAja 1500) kucha rAzi antarima rUpa se prApta kI hai| jodhapura bhagavAna mahAvIra zikSaNa saMsthAna dvArA 1200 bAlikAoM ke liye uccatara kanyA mAdhyamika vidyAlaya ke liye bhavana nirmANa kA kArya hAtha meM liyA gayA hai jisakA anumAnita vyaya 200 lAkha rupaye hogaa| yaha pAThazAlA sthAnIya gozAlA maidAna meM nirmita karAyI jAyegI jisake liye rAjya sarakAra dvArA 5 ekar3a bhUmi AvaMTita kI jA cukI hai| isakA zilAnyAsa mahAvIra jayantI para mAnanIya zrI haridevajI jozI, mukhya mantrI, rAjastha na ke kara kamaloM dvArA kiyA jA cukA hai tathA isakA nirmANa kAyaM dIvAlI pUrva prArambha kara diyA jaayegaa|

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2. saradAra uccatara mAdhyamika vidyAlaya (marUbAga kSetra) ke maidAna meM inDora sTeDiyama nirmita karAyA jAyegA jisakI anumAnita rAzi 5 lAkha rupaye hogii| 3. mahAvIra pArka kA nirmANa--jisakI anumAnita vyaya rAzi 40000). hogI isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA zilAlekha sthApita kiyA jaayegaa| isa hetu sthAnIya samiti ne 10000) kI dhanarAzi nagara sudhAra nyAsa jodhapura ko bhega 4. 82 bhavana kI mahAvIra bastI kA nirmANa kiyA jAyegA jisakI nirmANAdhIna vyaya 380000) rupaye hogaa| isa kArya meM 15000) ru0 kI dhanara zi jodhapura jilA bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa mahotsava samiti kI tarapha se vyaya kiye jA cuke haiN| jodhapura nagara se bAhara jile meM bhI nimna yojanAeM hAtha meM lI gaI haiM tathA unakA kArya bhI prArambha kiyA jA cukA hai : .. 6. pIpAr3a zahara meM zrImati sugrAbAI dharmapatnI zrI gaNezamala gAMdhI dvArA poyaM lojikala lebroTarI ke bhavana kA nirmANa karavAyA gayA jisa para 7000) ru. kI dhanarAzi .. vyaya huii| 6. pIpAr3a zahara kI mAtAoM evaM bahanoM ke ApasI sahayoga se 3000) ru0 ko tIna hajAra rupaye kI rAzi ekatrita kara prasUti kakSa kA nirmANa karavAyA gayA / sthAnIya bAbA pAzrama pIpAr3a zahara meM svargIya bhaMvaralAla jI kaTAriyA kI smRti meM unake suputra zrI amRtalAla kaTAriyA dvArA 2051 kI lAgata se vATikA kA nirmANa kiyA gyaa| isa vATikA meM kula rAzi 10000) dasa hajAra kharca hone kA anumAna hai| bilAr3A kasbe meM 25 zaiyAoM kA aspatAla bhavana nirmANa yojanA zIghra prArambha kI jArahI hai jisake liye aba taka lagabhaga 2 lAkha rupaye kI dhana rAzi ekatrita kI jA cukI hai| lagabhaga 5 lAkha rupaye kI rAzi ekatrita kiye jAne kA prayAsa jArI hai| bhavana kA nakzA sArvajanika nirmANa vibhAga dvArA taiyAra kiyA jA cukA hai| 9. grAma indrokA ke vidyAlaya meM 500) ru0 kI dhanarAzi mahAvIra kakSa hetu pradAna kI gii| 10. grAma bAlesara meM bhagavAna mahAvIra prAthamika pAThazAlA bhavana kA nirmANa kArya zIghra prArambha kiyA jA rahA hai / jodhapura jile meM mAnava sevA tathA rAhata kArya :11. garIba va asahAya vyaktiyoM ko niHzulka Avazyaka auSadhiyAM anudAna yojanA evaM khUna eka varSa ke liye vitaraNa kArya cala rahA hai / anumAnita vyaya rAzi 50000)6. hogii| 13. kuSTa rogiyoM ko basAne hetu 60 kacce jhoMpar3e 10000) dasa hajAra rupaye kI lAgata rAzi ke banavAye gye| /

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13. dIpAvalI va dIkSA divasa para mAnava rAhata va jIva dayA kAryakramoM meM 5000) 20 pAMca hajAra rupaye kI dhana rAzi kharca kI gii| 14. , samiti kI preraNA se adhivaktA zrI thAnacanda kI mahatA ne eka roga nivAraNa baiMka hetu 50000) pacAsa hajAra rupaye kI dhanarAzi dene kI ghoSaNA kI hai| pracAra kArya sambandhI yojanA :-- 15. bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana va siddhAntoM se sambandhita rupaye 10000) ru0 dasa hajAra rupaye kI lAgata kI pustakoM kA sthAnIya skUloM meM vitaraNa kiyA gyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana para pASArita bhAratIya loka kalA maMDala udayapura dvArA "vaizAlI kA abhiSeka" TAUna hAla jodhapura meM vizva vikhyAta kaThaputalI pradarzana ke chaH kAryakrama pradarzita kiye gye| 11. sthAnIya prajAyabaghara meM mahAvIra kakSa kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| 18. jana sthApatya kalA kRtiyoM kI eka pradarzanI prasiddha kalAkAra zrI kAntI rAMkA dvArA TAUna hAla jodhapura meM lagAI gii| vikalAMgoM kI sahAyatArtha kAryakrama :-- 19. vikalAMgoM kI sahAyatArtha 51000) rupaye ekatrita karane kA lakSya rakhA gayA jisameM -: ( se 32000) rupaye ekatrita kiye jA cuke haiN| .. 1. bUdI meM kIrti stambha kI sthApanA ke liye 5000) ru0 kI svIkRti nagarapAlikA bUdI dvArA dI gaI hai va 5000) ru0 kA caMdA ikaThThA kiyA jA rahA hai| isase raghuvIra bhavana ke sAmane ke tikoNe para kIrti stambha kI sthApanA kI jAne vAlI hai| .5 2. aspatAla meM vArDa banAye jAne hetu caMdA ikaTThA kiyA jA rahA hai / isake liye eka kamarA zrI madanamohana jI mAlika pharma daulatarAma kundanamala jI dvArA banAyA jAvegA va zeSa kArya jana-sahayoga dvArA hogaa| 13. digambara jaina samAja dvArA kezavarAya pATana ke maMdira meM dravya saMgraha pukarAne para nirmANa karAye jAne hetu kArya prArambha kara diyA gayA hai evam kArya kAphI pUrA bhI ho cukA hai| 2, 4. tAleDA meM dharmazAlA banAye jAne hetu kAryavAhI cAlU hai| mahAvIra pArka ke liye rAjya sarakAra se Arthika sahAyatA apekSita hai| yadi isa kArya ke liye kucha sahAyatA mila jAve to yaha kArya zIghra hI pUrA ho jaavegaa| P eka sar3aka bAjAra se lekara maMdira va dAdAbAr3I ke rAste jAtI huI rANIsati ror3a se milAI gaI jisakA nAma mahAvIra mArga dilAne kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai|

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lavara eka dharmazAlA rAya hAI sekeNDarI skUla tIna lAkha kI lAgata se do lAkha kI lAgata se Der3ha lAkha kI lAgata se pacAsa hajAra kI lAgata se pacAsa hajAra kI lAgata se 75 hajAra kI lAgata se pravAsa hajAra kI lAgata se eka lAibra erI rAmagar3ha meM cAra stambha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI zikSA ke alaga-alaga jagaha sthApita karane hetu eka auSadhAlaya eka lAibrerI eka rasAyanazAlA eka auSadhAlaya zrAyurvedika yaha skIma rAjya sarakAra ko vAste jamIna kI svIkRti bheja dI gaI hai / zrI gaMgAnagara jile meM sArvajanika nirmANa kArya TAXY 1. zrIgaMgAnagara meM karaNapura basa sTeNDa para mahAvIra pratikSA-kakSa nirmANAdhIna / 2. golabAjAra ke cauka meM jilA prazAsana ke sahayoga se mahAvIra vANI kA zilA lekha lagavAyA gayA 1 3. gaMgAnagara meM nagarapAlikA ke sahayoga se bhagavAna mahAvIra zaoNpiMga senTara kA nirmANa / 4. nagarapAlikA ke sahayoga se mahAvIra udyAna nirmANAdhIna / 5. bhAratIya gRha nirmANa sahakArI saMsthAna ke sahayoga se bhagavAna mahAvIra nagara basAyA jAnA / ukta nagara ke liye jamIna kharIda lI gayI hai / 6, nohara meM bhagavAna mahAvIra bhavana evaM mahAvIra sArvajanika pyAU kA nirmANa / 7. nohara meM nagarapAlikA ke sahayoga se bhagavAna mahAvIra sUcanA kendra evaM mahAvIra bAlaudyAna kA nirmANa / 8: saMgariyA meM mahAvIra jaina bhavana meM sAjanika pustakAlaya evaM vAcanAlaya nirmANAdhIna / 9. pIlIbaMgA meM mahAvIra vATikA nirmANAdhIna | 10. gaMgAnagara kI sabase pramukha sar3aka jo relve sTezana se zurU hokara golabAjAra, pablika pArka hotI huI ravindrapatha para milatI hai usakA nAmakaraNa "bhagavAna mahAvIra mArga" rakhA gayA / pradarzana paTTa jile meM zrI gaMgAnagara, karaNapura, siMha nagara, sUratagar3ha Adi kSetroM meM gyAraha para pratimAsa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI aMkita kI jAtI haiN| 2 sinemA slAIDa jile ke prAya: pramukha sinemA gRhoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI kI binemA slAIDa jilAdhIza mahodaya ke Adeza se niHzulka pradarzita kI jA rahI haiM / saMgariyA, hanumAnagar3ha, nohara, pIlIbaMgA, padamapura, rAyabar3e sAIjoM ke hoDiMga banavAkara lagavAye gaye haiN| jina

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sAhitya vitaraNa sampUrNa jile meM paccAsa se bhI Upara sArvajanika pustakAlayoM, vidyAlayoM, kAlejoM Adi ko bhagavAna mahAvIra evaM jainadharma se sambandhita hajAroM pustakeM vitarita kI gii| --20 vidyAlayoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana saMbaMdhita nimbandha likhavAye gaya evaM zreSTha bacco ko puraskAra vitarita kiye gye| -~-15 saMsthAnoM (kAleja aura vidyAlayoM) ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kA phema kiyA humA bar3A sundara citra meMTa kiyA gayA / harijanoM meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA saMdeza pahuMcAne ke liye hamAre kAryakartA kalyANa koTa, jaitasara evaM bhAgasara prAdi gAMvoM meM gaye / jana samparka kiyA evaM mahAvIra sAhitya kA vivaraNa kiyaa|

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