Jain and Buddha Mata Sankshipta Itihas and Sidhanto

Author(s): Mohanlal Dalichand Desai, Kantilal B Shah
Publisher: Mahavir Jain Vidyalay
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/001025/1

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto mohanalAla dalIcaMda dezAI

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto

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zrI mohanalAla dalIcaMda dezAI smArakanidhi graMthamALA-4 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto lekhaka mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI saMpAdaka DaoN. kAntibhAI bI. zAha parAmarzako AcArya vijayapradyumnasUrijI Do. estera solomana : - zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, muMbaI

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Jain ane Bauddh Mat: Sankshipt Itihas ane Siddhanto: A Historical and philosophical survey of Jainism and Buddhism by Mohanlal Dalichand Desai, ed. by Dr. Kantibhai B. Shah, 1998, Shri Mahavira Jaina Vidyalaya, Mumbai. pahelI AvRtti, phebruArI 1998 nakala : 500 pRSThasaMkhyA : 20 + 396 kiMmata : rU. 200.00 AvaraNa : Urjita zAstrI prakAzaka : khAMtilAla jI. zAha, prakAzabhAI pI. jhaverI subodharatna cI. gArDI maMtrIo, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, oNgasTa krAnti mArga, muMbaI 400 036 TAipaseTiMga : zAradA mudraNAlaya jummA masjida sAme, gAMdhI mArga, amadAvAda-380001 phona H 53pa9866 mudraka H bhagavatI oNphaseTa 15/sI, baMsIdhara esTeTa, bAraDolapurA, amadAvAda-380004

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prakAzakIya nivedana 'zrI mohanalAla dalIcaMda dezAI smArakanidhi graMthamALA'no A cotho graMtha jaina ane bauddha mata H saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto' prakAzita karatI veLAe ame AnaMda ane kRtakRtyatAnI lAgaNI anubhavIe chIe. A agAu A graMthamALAnAM prakAzita thayelAM be pustako 'sAmAyikasUtra' ane 'jinadevadarzana' zrI mohanalAla da. dezAInAM ja lakhelAM hatAM, paNa e prakAzano te-te graMthanI saMpAdakane hAthe saMskArAyelI navI AvRttio hatI. te pachInuM trIjuM pustaka virala vidvatpratibhA ane manuSyapratibhA' zrI mohanalAla dezAInA jIvanacaritra ane emanI lekhasUci aMgenuM hatuM. paNa A cotho graMtha, lakhAIne ATha dAyakAthI ya vadhu samaya sudhI apragaTa rahyA pachI, sau prathama vAra ja prakAzana pAme che ethI ja kevaLa AnaMda nahIM, sAthe dhanyatAnI anubhUti thAya che. A aMgeno moTo jaza zrI mohanabhAInA suputra zrI jayasukhabhAIne phALe jAya. emaNe emanA pitAzrInA A dArzanika graMthanI hastaprata yathAvat jALavI, eTaluM ja nahIM, paNa eno samudvA2 ka2vAno nizcaya karI yathArthapaNe pitRtarpaNa karyuM che. emaNe AkhIye hastapratanI jherokSa-nakala taiyAra karAvI zrI jayaMtabhAI koThArIne jovA sAru mokalI ApI. zrI jayaMtabhAI taraphathI A mahattvanA graMthanuM prakAzana karavAnuM saMsthAne sUcana thatAM enA upara vicAraNA karI saMsthAe e graMtha prakAzita karavAno nirNaya lIdho. te daramiyAna pU. AcAryazrI vijayapradhumnasUrijI paNa A graMtha joI gayA ane emano pratibhAva paNa e ja hato ke Avo samRddha graMtha pragaTa thavo ja joIe. A graMthanuM saMpAdanakArya prA. kAntibhAI bI. zAhane soMpavAmAM AvyuM. Akho graMtha jaina ane bauddha mata saMbaMdhI dArzanika vicAraNAno hoI ane ATha dAyakA pUrve lakhAyelo hoI emAM zuddhivRddhine avakAza hato ema jaNAtAM, saMpAdakazrInA sUcanathI gujarAta yunivarsiTI bhASA-sAhitya bhavananAM saMskRta vibhAganAM pUrva adhyakSa DaoN. esterabena solomanane graMthanA parAmarzananuM kAma soMpyuM. kevaLa sArasvataprItithI emaNe e kAma svIkAryuM ane yogya samayamAM pUruM karI ApyuM. A graMthaparAmarzana mATe temaja prAstAvika AvakAra-vacana lakhI ApavA mATe ame pU. A. zrI vijayapradyumnasUrijI ane DaoN. esterabena solomana banneno aMtaHkaraNapUrvaka RNasvIkAra karIe chIe. A graMthanI hastaprata pUrI pADavA mATe zrI jayasukhabhAIno, graMthanA saMpAdana-prakAzananA kAryamAM yogya mArgadarzana pUruM pADavA mATe zrI jayaMtabhAI koThArIno temaja cIvaTa ane khaMtathI A graMthanA saMpAdananI javAbadArI niSThApUrvaka saMbhALavA mATe temaja parizrama laIne graMthanI viSayasUci taiyAra karI ApavA mATe prA. kAntibhAI bI. zAhano hRdayathI ame AbhAra mAnIe chIe. A graMthanA saMpAdana-prakAzanamAM jemanI jemanI sahAya prApta thaI che te sau pratye paNa AbhAra vyakta karIe chIe. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, oNgasTa krAnti mArga, muMbaI 400 036 14-1-1998 khAMtilAla jI. zAha prakAzabhAI pI. jhaverI subodharatna cI. gArDI maMtrIo

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saMpAdakIya nivedana zrI mohanalAla dalIcaMda dezAInA jaina gUrjara kavio' ane jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa' jevA AkaragraMtho jonArane ema khAtarI thayA vinA rahe nahIM ke teo eka virala vidvatpratibhA hatA. have pragaTa thaI rahelo emano A graMtha jaina ane bauddha mata H saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto' lekhakanI virala vidvatpratibhAnuM vadhu eka pramANa che. graMtha lakhAyo I.sa. 1914mAM, ane pragaTa thAya che I.sa. 1998mAM, pUrAM 84 varSa pachI. jJAnavistaraNane varelI zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya (muMbaI) jevI saMsthAe enuM prakAzana karIne, karavuM ghaTe evuM eka vidyAkIya kAma karyuM che. ane te mATe e saMsthA saunAM abhinaMdananI adhikArI che. lekhake A viSaya upara kaye nimitte kalama calAvI teno paNa eka itihAsa che; ane te aMgenI mAhitI 'lekhakanuM nivedana'mAM apAyelI che. eTale enuM punarAvartana ahIM iSTa nathI. paNa emAMthI eka bAbata vAcakanuM dhyAna kheMcyA vinA raheze nahIM ke zrI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAe inAmI nibaMdhanuM kada 150 'phulsakepa' pAnAMnuM nakkI kareluM, paNa zrI mohanabhAIne hAthe nibaMdha lakhAyo enAthI bamaNAM pAnAMmAM. A AkhI ghaTanA e vAta phalita kare che ke mohanabhAIne je viSaya agAdha, gUDha ane ciMtanazIla jaNAyelo te viSayane hastagata karI yogya nyAya ApavA emaNe keTalo zrama lIdho haze ! A graMthamAM praveza karanAra ja A vAta samajI zakaze. lekhakanA nivedanamAM darzAvyA uparAMtanI amane sAMpaDelI mAhitI A pramANe che : phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAnI tA. 13-10-1914nI beThakamAM zrI mohanabhAIne nibaMdha pUro karI ApavAnI samayamaryAdA vadhArI ApavAno TharAva karAyo hato. nibaMdhonA nirNAyako tarIke zrI kRSNalAla mohanalAla jhaverI tathA zrI tanasukharAma tripAThInAM nAmo nakkI karavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. sabhAnI tA. 4-10-1915nI beThakamAM nirNAyakoe emanI pAse AvelA be nibaMdhomAMthI mohanabhAIno nibaMdha pasaMda karyAnI noMdha karI pAritoSika ApavAnuM TharAvyuM. phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAnAM 1918nAM taiyAra thatAM prakAzanomAM A graMthanI jAherAta thaI che, paraMtu graMtha prakAzita thayo nathI. navembara 1932mAM jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa'nA nivedanamAM mohanabhAI nibaMdhane adyatana karavAnI AvazyakatA svIkAre che paNa pote e haju nathI karI zakyA e mATe dilagIrI vyakta kare che, ne have e kAma pote bane eTalI zIvratAthI hAtha upara leze ema jaNAve che. paNa pachI mohanabhAInI e icchA pUrI thaI jaNAtI nathI. lekhakanA nivedana sahitanI A graMthanI hastaprata zrI mohanabhAInA suputra zrI jayasukhabhAI pAse sacavAyelI rahI. hastapratanAM pAnAM jarjarita thavA para hatAM ane hAthamAM letAM ja kAgaLa phATavA mAMDato hato. eTale zrI jayasukhabhAIe e AkhI hastapratanI jherokSa-nakala karAvI, enuM pAkuM bAinDiMga karAvI, graMthano samuddhAra karavAnA zubhAzayathI 1988nA julAImAM zrI jayaMtabhAI koThArIne e graMtha jovA mATe mokalI

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Apyo. jayaMtabhAI temaja pU. AcAryazrI vijayapradyumnasUrijI A graMthanI hastaprata joI gayA ane emano eka ja sUra hato ke Avo mUlyavAna graMtha pragaTa thavo ja joIe ane teya zakya eTalo vahelo. jayaMtabhAIe karelI bhalAmaNa prakAzaka saMsthAe svIkArI ane have te "jena ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto' e nAme "zrI mohanalAla dalIcaMda dezAI smArakanidhi graMthamALAnA cothA graMtha rUpe prakAzita thAya che tyAre enA saMpAdaka tarIke atyaMta prasannatAnI lAgaNI anubhavuM chuM. A graMthanuM saMpAdanakArya mAre mATe eka paDakArarUpa hatuM ane e mATe bhAre saMkoca paNa anubhavAto hato. mAro abhyAsa sAhityano, tattvadarzanano nahIM. eTale A viSayamAM mArI cAMca zuM DUbe ? dArzanika lakhANanuM zabdabhaMDoLa paNa bahu pakaDAya nahIM. hastapratamAM lekhakanA atyaMta jhINA akSaro, kyAMka jhAMkhI UtarelI jherokSa-nakala, kyAMka lekhake judAM ja pAnAMo upara anusaMdhAna rUpe karelA umerA, ane anukramaNikAmAM sUcavAyela khaMDa 1mAM vibhAga-1nA 'jena dhArmika sAhitya' vALA lakhANanI hastapratanAM pAnAM aprApya hovAthI e vibhAga aMgenI mUMjhavaNa. A badhA prazno hatA. paNa jema mArA anya saMpAdanakAryomAM UlaTabhera maLyuM che tevuM ja jayaMtabhAInuM mArgadarzana Dagale pagale mane maLatuM rahyuM. jene laIne mArA saMpAdanakAryane vyavasthita dizA sAMpaDatI rahI. A graMtha pU. AcAryazrI vijayapradyumnasUrijI to joI gayA hatA ja, paNa bauddha mata aMgenA lakhANano to prazna hato ja. vaLI A samagra lakhANa ATha dAyakA pUrve thayuM hatuM. vacagALe A viSaya paratve navAM abhyAsasaMzodhano thayAM hoya ja. eTale zuddhivRddhine ahIM pUrato avakAza hato ane tethI ja A viSayanA abhyAsI vidvAna dvArA enuM parAmarzana anivArya hatuM. parAmarzana mATe sUcavAyeluM DaoN. esterabahena solomananuM nAma saMsthAe svIkAryuM. DaoN. esterabahene zArIrika asvasthatA chatAM, yogya samayamAM parAmarzananuM kAma pUruM karI ApyuM ane jarUra jaNAI tyAM emaNe zuddhivRddhi karI ApI. emane paNa kyAMka prazno rahyA te-te sthAno lA.da.bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdiranA pUrva adhyakSa DaoN. nagInadAsa jI. zAhe snehabhAve tapAsI ApyAM. parAmarzaka dvArA thayelI zuddhivRddhine je-te sthAne ja corasa kauMsamAM [ ] goThavI che. tethI jyAM lakhANa corasa kauMsamAM che tene parAmarzakanI zuddhivRddhivALuM lakhANa (ke kvacit saMpAdakIya nirdeza) gaNavA pratye vAcakonuM dhyAna doruM chuM. joke pR. 257 para jaina vastI' vizenA lakhANamAM corasa kauMsamAMnuM lakhANa AMkaDAkIya vigato meLavIne saMpAdaka taiyAra karyuM che. je sthAne zuddhivRddhi sAva gauNa ke zabda/nAmapheravALI hoya te sIdhI ja mULa sthAne karI lIdhI che; corasa kauMsamAM alaga darzAvI nathI. kyAreka lekhake ApelI pAdaTIpomAMye parAmarzaka dvArA zuddhivRddhi karavAnI thaI che, to keTalIka pAdaTIpo parAmarzakanI zuddhivRddhirUpe umeravAnI thaI che. tene sthAne AkhIye pAdaTIpa corasa kausamAM darzAvAI che. lekhakanI hastapratamAM khaMDa-1nA vibhAga-1 "jaina dhArmika sAhityanAM pAnAM maLyAM nathI. paNa anukramaNikAmAM A viSayano enA peTAviSayo sametano nirdeza che. pAchaLathI

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jana sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa' jevA 1100 pAnAMnA bRhad graMthamAM lekhake A viSayane vistArathI nirUpelo che. eTale A graMthanA mULabhUta Ayojanano kramabhaMga na thAya e hetuthI "jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsamAMthI Agamo - zrutasAhityathI AraMbhI haribhadrasUri sudhInI lekhanasAmagrI uddhata ane saMkalita karI A graMthanA prathama khaMDano vibhAga-1 taiyAra karyo che. lekhanasAmagrI ane bhASA lekhakanAM ja jALavyAM che; paNa saMkalana, saMkSepa karatI veLA kyAMka vAkyonI taDajoDa karavAnuM, vAkyAnvayo badalavAnuM thayuM che. joDaNI sArtha joDaNIkoza pramANe sudhArI lIdhI che. khaMDa 1no vibhAga-2 "zrI mahAvIrano samaya ane dharmapravartaka tarIke mahAvIramAM lekhake sAta peTAvibhAgo pADIne tatkAlIna rAjakIya, sAmAjika, dhArmika paristhitinA saMdarbhamAM mahAvIranA jIvanane pramANabhUta rIte AlekhyuM che ane dharmapravartaka tarIke mUlavyuM che. A lakhANano saMkSepa karavo ke zabdazaH levuM evI AraMbhe thoDIka dvidhA hatI, paNa pachI lakhANanAM Ayojana ane upayogitA jotAM lakhANane yathAvat jALavI levAnuM ja nakkI karyuM. vibhAga-3 jaina matanA siddhAMtomAM siddhAMta-nirUpaNanI lekhakanI paddhati vargIkaraNo-peTAvargIkaraNonI rahI che. e emanI cokasAInuM nidarzaka che. paTAvargIkaraNonAM paNa peTAvargIkaraNo aneka jagAe maLe. AvAM sthAnomAM lekhake ApelA kramAMko, kyAMka gUMcavaNa TALavAnA Azaye, badalavAnA thayA che. zrI mohanabhAIe graMthanA lakhANano keTaloka aMza "zrI jaina zvetAmbara kaoNnpharansa heralDa' (jenA e taMtrI paNa hatA)nA aMkomAM prakAzita karelo che. e lekhana-aMzo A pramANe che : (1) khaMDa-1no vibhAga-2 "zrI mahAvIrano samaya ane dharmapravartaka tarIke mahAvIra' "zrI jaina zvetAmbara kaoNnpharansa heralDanA oNgasTa-sapTe. 1914 (pu. 10, aMka 8-9)nA saMyukta aMkamAM (pR. 372thI 429) lekhake prakAzita karyo hato. e prakAzita thayA pachI paNa emaNe emAM ThIkaThIka umerA karyA che. (2) khaMDa-1nA vibhAga 3mAM "traNa tattva' zIrSakavALuM lakhANa (jemAM Izvaratattva-savatattva, saratattva, saddharmatattvano samAveza thAya che) te "zrI jaina zvetAmbara kaoNnpharansa heralDa'nA phebru. 1917 (pu. 13, aMka 2)nA aMkamAM (pR. 48thI 58) prakAzita karyuM hatuM. (3) khaMDa-1nA vibhAga 3mAM "kAlasvarUpa" zIrSakavALuM lakhANa "zrI jaina zvetAmbara kaoNnpharansa heralDa'nA oNgasTa-sapTe.-oNkTo. 1916 (pu. 12, aM. 8-9-10)nA saMyukta aMkamAM (pR. 283thI 289) prakAzita karyuM hatuM. (4) khaMDa-1nA vibhAga 3mAM "samyagdarzana' zIrSakavALuM lakhANa "zrI jaina zvetAmbara kaoNnpharansa heralDa'nA mArca, 1917 (pu. 13, e. 3)nA aMkamAM (pR. 8rathI 88) prakAzita thayuM hatuM. A graMtha mATe heralDamAM pragaTa thayelA A cAra mudrita aMzone ja AdhAra gaNyA che, e aMzonI agAunI hastapratane nahIM. joke khaMDa-1mAMnA mahAvIra jIvana vizenA

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samagra vibhAga-ranAM mudrita pAnAM ja hastapratamAM sAmela che, hastalikhita nahIM. lekhaka pAse viSayanirUpaNanuM eka cokkasa Ayojana che jene banne khaMDamAM eka sarakhI rIte anusaryA jaNAya che. khaMDa 1mAM vibhAga-1 jena dhArmika sAhitya vize, vi. 2 mahAvIrajIvana vize, vi. 3 jaina matanA siddhAMto vize ane vi. 4 jaina dharmane lagatA keTalAka prakIrNa viSayo vize che. to khaMDa ramAM paNa A ja paddhatie vibhAgIkaraNa thayuM che. je viSaya para teo lakhatA hoya tene lagatAM badhAM lakhANo saMkalita karIne tene potAnI rIte teo Alekhe che. pariNAme vAcakane saMkalita svarUpe ekasAthe ghaNI sAmagrIno lAbha maLe che. mohanabhAI viSayanuM Alekhana tulanAtmaka paddhatie paNa kare che. ane tethI to Izvaratattva, AtmavAda ke mokSasvarUpa jevA viSaya paranAM lakhANomAM kevaLa jaina mata ke bauddha mata darzAvavAne badale anya darzanomAM te tattva aMge je kahevAyuM hoya enI paNa tulanAtmaka rIte chaNAvaTa kare che. kazuM paNa adhdharatAla lakhAyuM hoya evuM bhAgye ja mohanabhAInA lakhANamAM jovA maLe. vAcako sAme je kaMI dharavuM te pramANabhUta ja, evI nema sAthe emanI kalama cAlatI jaNAya che. zrI mohanabhAIe A graMthamAM jena ane bauddha dharmanA sAhityane, mahAvIra-buddhanA jIvanane ane jaina ane bauddha matanA siddhAMtone lagatI sAmagrI e svarUpe ane e paddhatie ApI che ke A viSayamAM navo praveza karanArane paryApta, pramANabhUta ane vargIkRta mAhitI sAMpaDI rahe. tethI ja A viSayanA abhyAsakramo calAvatI saMsthAo mATe A graMtha eka pAThyapustakanI garaja sAre evuM banyuM che evo taTastha abhiprAya ApI zakuM. ahIM khaMDa 1nI AgaLa be nakazA ApyA che jemAMno eka mahAvIra ane buddhanA samayanA Ayavartano che. A nakazo mohanabhAIe jAte taiyAra karelo che. bIjo nakazo prAcIna bhAratano che. banne nakazA graMthanI hastaprata sAthe ja maLyA che. khaMDa 2mAM bauddha dharma ane buddhajIvana sAthe saMbaddha 8 citro/tasvIro ApyAM che. zrI mohanabhAIe pote ja A citro-tasvIrono saMgraha karyo hato. A graMthanI hastaprata sAthe ja e mukAyelAM hatAM e uparathI lAge che ke bhaviSyamAM graMtha prakAzita karatI veLA A citro-tasvIrone graMthamAM mudrita karavAnuM emane apekSita hatuM ja. jaina dharma saMbaMdhI citro lekhakanA "jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsamAM ghaNI moTI saMkhyAmAM (tIrtho, caityo, jinapratimA, gurupratimA, pAdukA, prasaMgacitro, akabaranAM zAhI pharamAno, hastaprato, zilpo, sthApatyo vagere) upalabdha che. A graMthanuM parAmarzana karI ApavA uparAMta prAstAvika AvakAra-vacana lakhI ApavA mATe pa.pUjya AcAryazrI vijayapradyumnasUrijIe temaja AdaraNIya DaoN. esterabahena solomane mane upakRta karyo che. te uparAMta keTalIka zuddhivRddhimAM Do. nagInadAsa jI. zAhanI sahAya maLI che te mATe emano paNa AbhArI chuM. A graMthanA saMpAdana aMge avAranavAra mane protsAhita karavA mATe pUjya AcAryazrI vijayazIlacaMdrasUrijIno temaja mArA saMpAdanakAryanA harakoI tabakke mane mUlyavAna

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10 mArgadarzana ApavA mATe mArA vaDIla mitra prA. jayaMtabhAI koThArIno huM RNI chuM. A graMthanA saMpAdananI javAbadArI mane soMpavA badala zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya (muMbaI)nA maMtrIzrIono huM AbhArI chuM. sAthe A graMthanA prakAzanamAM jIvaMta rasa dAkhavavA mATe zrI jayasukhabhAI mo. dezAIno AbhArI chuM. A graMthamAM khUTatI keTalIka nAnImoTI mAhitI upalabdha karI ApavA mATe mu. DaoN. dhIrubhAI ThAkara ane mArA vaDIla mitra prA. malUkacaMda 2. zAhano paNa huM AbhArI atyaMta cIvaTAIbharyuM lesara TAipaseTiMganuM kAma karI ApavA mATe zAradA mudraNAlayanA zrI rohita koThArIno, saphAIdAra mudraNakArya mATe bhagavatI mudraNAlayanA zrI bhIkhAbhAI paTelano ane AvaraNa citra mATe zrI Urjita zAstrIno paNa hRdayathI AbhAra vyakta karuM chuM. 2-1-1998 kAntibhAI bI. zAha "nizigandhA', 7, kRSNapArka, khAnapura amadAvAda-380 001

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lekhakanuM nivedana zrImatI phaoNrbasa gujarAtI sabhA taraphathI bauddha ane jaina matanA saMkSepamAM itihAsa - siddhAMto ane vaidika dharma sAthe tulanAe nAmaka pAritoSika nibaMdha tArIkha 3jI mArca sane 1913ne dine ukta sabhAnA maLelA maMDaLe cUMTI prasiddha karyo hato. pAritoSika joke 500 rUpiyAnuM che, chatAM te mATe je uparokta viSaya nirNata karyo che te eTalo badho agAdha, gUDha ane ciMtanazIla che ke tene yogya nyAya ApavA mATe koI samartha tattvajJa ane marmagrAhI vidvAnanI ja apekSA rahe che, kAraNake vaidika SaDradarzano ane te uparAMta avaidika jaina ane bauddha darzanono abhyAsI tathA tenI sAthe te sarvano paraspara saMbaMdha ane bhedanI paryeSaNA karanAra je hoya te ja A viSayane savagasuMdara banAvI zake. A kAraNe te viSaya lakhavA mATe prasiddha karavAmAM Avyo tyArathI mane ema lAgyuM hatuM ke te hasta dharavAmAM huM azakta chuM, ane tethI meM te saMbaMdhe kaMIpaNa prayAsa karyo nahIM. sadbhAgye nibaMdhanI avadhi pahelAM cAra mAse maMtrImahAzaya ane tadvArA mArA eka mitre mane preraNA karI ne nibaMdha lakhavAnuM sUcavyuM. A sUcanA svIkArI levA pahelAM tenA viSayanI vyApakatA, vizAlatA ane te saMbaMdhe mAruM alpajJAna vagere mArI aneka muzkelIo temane nivedita karI, paraMtu teoe mane prayAse siddhi thAya che e sUtra para dhyAna rAkhI te utsAhapUrvaka upADI levA Agraha karyo. Ane pariNAme meM pahelAM bauddha dharma ke je mane taddana aparicita hato tenA siddhAMtono abhyAsa karavA arthe tene lagatA graMtho jeTalA maLI zakyA teTalA ekatrita karI tenuM vAcana-manana karavAnuM AvyuM, sAthe jaina dharmanI sAthe paricaya hovAthI tadviSaye AraMbhika lakhavAnuM hoya te lakhavA mAMDyuM, ane pachI tenA tattvajJAna ane karmavAdanI gUDhatA ukelavA te saMbaMdhI graMthonuM adhyayana zarU karyuM. Ama karavAmAM paNa vidhavidha pratyavAyo - kauTuMbika, sAmAjika ane vyavasAyane lagatA AvI paDyA. tyAM to nibaMdhanI avadhi 30mI jUna 1914 bhaNakArA karatI AvI pahoMcI, eTale tyAM sudhI je je lakhI zakAyuM hatuM te che, ane je kaMI TUMka ' noTsa' tathA viSayanA muddAonuM TippaNa karyuM hatuM te te sarva maMtrIne samarpita karyuM - e vijJapti sAthe ke jo vizeSa samayanI sagavaDa have pachI karI ApavAmAM Avaze to te pUrNa karI levAmAM dharI zakIza. A vijJapti mAnya rAkhavAnI kRpA dAkhavavAmAM AvI te pariNAme je je kaMI banI zakyuM ane viSayane aMge je je mahattvanuM lAgyuM che te saMkSiptamAM mUkI A sAthe dharyuM che. viSayanA aMge 150 pAnAM Azare "phullakepa' mApanAM mAMgavAmAM AvyAM hatAM, tene badale tethI bamaNAM pAnAM atra mukAya che e ja viSayanI agAdhatA sUcavavA mATe basa che. te viSayanA je je peTAvibhAgo karyA che te pratyeka saMbaMdhI vistArathI - phoDa pADI lakhavAmAM Ave to tenuM pariNAma AkhA nibaMdha jeTaluM daLa pratyekanuM thAya tema che, jyAre bIjI vastuo mUkavAnI rahe te to judI ja. jaina ane bauddha darzana e bemAM bauddha darzana saMbaMdhe aMgrejI bhASAmAM eTalA badhA graMtho - bhASAMtara, anuvAda ane svataMtra pustaka rUpe prasiddha thayA che ke te sarvano

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12 saMgraha karatAM eka nAnI sarakhI paNa sArI lAIbrerI' (pustakAlaya) thaI zake. temaja bauddha saMbaMdhenuM jJAna paNa vizeSa pracalita che, kAraNake jagatanI sapATI para bauddhonI saMkhyA vizAla pramANamAM che, jyAre jaina darzana saMbaMdheno paricaya jenonI maryAdita saMkhyAnI bahAra atIva virala balba nahivat che. aMgrejImAM mAtra ATha-daza gaNyAgAMThyAM pustako che. AthI aMgrejI bhASA bhaNelo bauddha dharma saMbaMdhe jANavAnI IcchAvALo hoya to ghaNuM prApta karI zake tema che, jyAre jaina dharma saMbaMdhe vizeSa meLavI zake tema nathI. te hetue A nibaMdhamAM bauddha dharma saMbaMdhe jeTaluM lakhAyuM che tenA karatAM vizeSa daLamAM jaina dharmanA saMbaMdhe lakhAyuM che. ubhaya dharmasaMbaMdhe gujarAtI bhASAmAM to eka paNa pratiSThita graMtha nathI ke je ubhaya dharmanA anuyAyI sivAyano vAMcI te saMbaMdhI jJAna thoDuMghaNuM paNa, samajI zake tevI rIte lakhI zake. A kAraNe eka prAthamika pustaka (A Primer athavA A Manual) rUpe baMne dharmanuM digdarzana karAvI zakAya ethI ja A viSayanI cUMTaNI ukta sabhAnI thaI hoya ema lAge che, ane te mATe ukta sabhAne avazya abhinaMdana ghaTe che. bauddha darzana saMbaMdhe lakhavAmAM je mukhya pustakono AdhAra levAmAM Avyo che te 241 89 : Systems of Buddhist Thought by Professor Yamakami Sogen (Uni. of Calcutta, 1912), The word of the Buddha by Bhikkhu Nyanatiloka, translated from the German by Sasan Vamsa, Manual, of Indian Buddhism by H. kern (1898), The Essence of Buddhism by P. Lakshmi Narasu (1907), The Gospel of Buddha by Paul Carus, Buddhist ladia by Dr. Rhys Davids, Buddhism by Dr. Rhys Davids, The Path of Light by L. D. Barnett (1909), marAThImAM dharmAnaMda kosaMbIkRta vRddha, dharma mAni saMgha vagere vagere. jaina darzana saMbaMdhe lakhavAmAM nIcenAM pustakono mukhyapaNe AdhAra levAmAM Avyo che : zrI haribhadrasUrikRta dharmabiMdu, yogabiMdu, yogadaSTisamuccaya, paddarzanasamuccaya, zrI AtmArAmajIkRta jaina tattvAdarza, rA. suzIlanA lekho ('AnaMda' mAsika), DAkTara harmana jekobInAM cAra jaina sUtranAM bhASAMtara (Sacred Books of the East, Volumes XXII & XLV), History of the Midaeval School of Indian Logic by Dr. Satishchandra Vidyabhushan (Uni. of Calcutta 1909) vagere. vIrabhakti [mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI

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umaLakAbharyA haiye AvakAra vividha viSayomAM AjakAla je rIte pIeca.DI.nI upAdhi prApta karavA mATe alaga alaga viSayomAM sarvataH sparzato mahAnibaMdha lakhAya che ane eka ja vyakti eka jiMdagImAM eka viSaya upara e rIte eka mahAnibaMdha lakhe che ane te DaoNkTareTanI padavI maLe che. e hisAbe ane e mApe jo jovA jaIe to zrI mohanalAla dalIcaMda dezAIne temanA kAryano vyApa ane UMDANa jotAM keTalI padavI ApavI joIe ! eka ja nAnI jiMdagImAM keTalA viSaya upara keTalI jhINavaTathI samagrapaNe, zramapUrNa ('tharo) paddhatinuM keTaluM badhuM kAma karyuM che ane e kAma eTaluM to talasparzI karyuM che ke teonA "jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa' e pustakanA anugAmI kAma rUpe jaina sAhitya vRt tihAsanA 10 bhAga prakAzita thayA chatAM "jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsanI garaja to UbhI ja rahe che. teonI kAryapaddhati jotAM evuM manamAM thAya che ke teoe lakheluM je koI nAnuMmoTuM lakhANa koI granthanI prastAvanArUpe hoya ke koI granthanA paricaya rUpe hoya paNa te sarva saMkalita karIne granthastha thaI javuM joIe. e vicAranA ja pratibhAva rUpe A grantha prakAzita karavAmAM Ave che. sana 1913nI trIjI mArca. eTale ke AjathI coryAsI varSa pahelAM A viSaya "bauddha ane jaina matanA saMkSepamAM itihAsa - siddhAnto ane vaidika dharma sAthe tulanA" upara nibaMdha lakhavAnuM jAhera thayuM. A bIDuM jhaDapIne zrI mohanabhAIe kalama calAvI che. teone pahelethI A viSaya "agAdha, gUDha ane ciMtanazIla" jaNAyo che ane vAcaka joI zakaze ke temaNe banne dharmanA itihAsa ne siddhAntono saMkSepamAM paricaya ApavA mATe te te viSayano dariyo ulecyo che. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaye paNa AvA cirakALaparyanta jJAnadhana karatAM rahe tevAM prANavAna prakAzano karavAnI paraMparAne jALavI rAkhI che. saMpAdaka tarIke zrI kAMtibhAIe paNa saMkalana karavAmAM ghaNI jahemata uThAvI che ane bauddha paraMparAnA lakhANamAM saratacUkathI paNa kAMI vigatadoSa ke asatu nirUpaNa thaI gayuM hoya to te ema ne ema na rahI javA pAme ane tenuM nivAraNa thaI jAya e hetuthI darzanazAstranAM nipuNa abhyAsI zrI esterabahena solomananI pAse te vaMcAvyuM che. jaina dharma saMbaMdhI nirUpaNa to zrI mohanabhAInuM svaccha ane yathAzakya pUrNa hoya te svAbhAvika ja che. A pustakanAM pAnAMmAMthI pasAra thatAM eka evI lAgaNI thaI AvI ke mAtra pahelo khaMDa eka judA pustakAkAre prakAzita karavAmAM Ave to "jaina dharma : eka paricaya" evA athavA enA jevA zIrSakathI e pustaka prakAzita thAya to te jaina dharmanA paricaya karAvanAra pustakomAM mUlyavAna umero thaI zake. A graMthanA vAcanathI zrI mohanabhAInI lekhanazailIno paNa paricaya maLe che. eka viSayanA anusaMdhAnamAM zuM zuM lakhAyuM che teno paricaya meLavIne viSayanI saMkalana karIne tenuM kaDIbaddha nirUpaNa kevI rIte thaI zake teno paNa aMdAja ApaNane maLe che. aMte AvA abhyAsapUrNa granthane hRdayanA umaLakAthI AvakAratAM khUba harSano anubhava thAya che. dAdAsAheba jaina upAzraya, - pradyumnasUri kALA nALA, bhAvanagara (saurASTra),bhAdrapada, zukla ekAdazI, (jagadguru hIravijayasUri-svargArohaNa divasa)

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jaina ane bauddha dharma-darzananuM AvakArya prakAzana zrI mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI vyavasAye vakIla hatA ane muMbaInI smolakojha korTamAM vakIlAta temaNe 1910thI 1945 sudhI karI ane 2-12-1945nA roja temanuM rAjakoTamAM avasAna thayuM. sAthosAtha temaNe aneka sAhityika, zaikSaNika ane dhArmika saMsthAomAM potAno sahayoga sthApaka sabhya, ke sAmAnya sabhya tarIke niSThApUrvaka Apyo hato. sanAtana jaina," "jaina zvetAMbara kaoNnpharansa heralDa" ane "jena yuga'nA taMtrI tarIke paNa sevA ApatA rahyA (1907thI 1930nA gALAmAM). A badhuM karatAM karatAMya jaina dharma saMbaMdhI graMtho lakhavAnuM ke prAcIna graMthonuM saMpAdana karavAnuM teo cUkyA nahi. temanA prakAzita graMtho tema ja anya lakhANonI saMkhyA jotAM koI paNa vicAramAM paDI jAya ke keTalI asAdhAraNa niSThA, vidyAprIti ane karmaThatA A vyaktivizeSamAM haze. ane vyavasAye karmaniSTha vidvAna adhyApaka hoya evI vyakti pratye je Adara thavo joIe tevo Adara temanA pratye sahaja rIte hRdayamAMthI UbharAya. bauddha ane jene matanA saMkSepamAM itihAsa, siddhAMto ane vaidika dharma sAthe tulanA' - e 1914mAM lakhAyelo ane 1915mAM svIkArAyelo phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAno inAmI nibaMdha haju sudhI aprakAzita hato te zrI mohanalAlabhAInA putra zrI jayasukhabhAI mo. desAInI icchA ane sahakArathI zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya (muMbaI) dvArA chapAya che tethI AnaMda thAya ja. putranI pitA pratyenI sAcA hRdayanI A zraddhAMjali che, tema ja nirapekSa bhAve vidyAnI ArAdhanA karanAra guru-pitAnuM yogya tarpaNa che jene mATe temane abhinaMdana ghaTe. A pustakanuM lakhANa joI javAnI ane jarUrI lAge tyAM sUcana karavAnI taka mane maLI tene mAruM sadbhAgya samajuM chuM. zrI mohanalAla da. desAIe athAga mahenata karIne A graMtha taiyAra karyo che jemAM temanI jaina ane bauddha dharmanI UMDI sUjha spaSTa dekhAya che. vaLI jaina dharma-darzanane varelA lekhaka navA vicAro jhIlavA eTalA ja utsuka che e saraLatA ane prAmANikatA prazaMsAne pAtra che. jaina ane bauddha dharma saMbaMdhI graMtho gujarAtI bhASAmAM ochA che tethI A prakAzana AvakArya banaze emAM koI zaMkAne sthAna nathI. jaina ane bauddha dharmanA sAhitya ane siddhAMtonI jhINavaTapUrvaka carcA A graMthamAM che. uparAMta bhAratanI sAmAjika-rAjakIya paristhiti, te samaye pravartatI dharmabhAvanA, strIonuM samAja ane dharmamAM sthAna jevA viSayo para lekhake pUratuM dhyAna ApyuM che. mahAvIra ane buddhane khullA manathI samajavAno prayatna karyo che te anukaraNIya che. 1914mAM jaina ane bauddha dharmo viSe khAsa vyavasthita lakhAyuM nahotuM ane bauddha dharma-darzananA to ghaNA graMtho maLatA paNa nahotA. eve samaye keTalo parizrama karI zrI mohanalAla desAIe A nibaMdha taiyAra karyo haze tenI to kalpanA ja karavI rahI. A prakAzanathI anya vidyApremI lekhakone preraNA cokkasa maLaze ke prayAsathI siddhi maLe ja che, joke pevadhiAraste mA hAna..." A taka ApavA badala zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya ane pro. zrI jayaMtabhAI koThArI temaja DaoN. kAntibhAI bI. zAhano aMtaHkaraNapUrvaka AbhAra mAnuM chuM. 25-8-1997 - estera solomana janmASTamI 33, naherunagara, amadAvAda-380015

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zrI mohanalAla dalIcaMda dezAI : jIvanajhalaka janma : 6 eprila 1885, luNasara, vAMkAnera tAbe, ji. rAjakoTa avasAna : 2 Disembara 1945, rAjakoTa abhyAsa : bI.e. (1908), elaela.bI. (1910). mAdhyamika sudhInuM zikSaNa rAjakoTamAM, kaoNlejazikSaNa muMbaImAM. vyavasAya : muMbaInI smola kojha korTamAM vakIlAta, 1910-1945 jAherajIvanaH zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya sthApaka sabhyomAMnA eka, 1915, pachIthI cheka sudhI kArobArI sabhAnA sabhya. jaina zvetAmbara kaoNnpharansanA jaina ejyukezana borDanA sekreTarI, 1916. vADIlAla motIlAla zAhe sthApelA saMyukta jaina vidyArthIgRhanI kArobArI sabhAnA sabhya, 1917. jaina zvetAmbara konpharansanA AsisTanTa sekreTarI, 1918. kanaiyAlAla munazIe sthApelI sAhityasaMsadanA sthApaka sabhyomAMnA eka, 1921, pachIthI sabhya. muMbaImAM maLanArI AThamI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanI kArobArInI sabhA, satkAramaMDaLa tathA nibaMdha-parIkSakasamitinA sabhya, 1926. kolhApura rAjyanA zirolaroDamAM dakSiNa mahArASTra jaina zvetAmbara prAntika pariSadanA cothA adhivezananA pramukha, 1926. uparAMta, muMbaI mAMgaroLa jaina sabhA, jaina esosIezana opha inDiyA. jaina grejyueTsa esosIezana vagere saMsthAonA kAryakartA, bhAratIya rASTrIya koMgresanA adhivezanamAM hAjarI ApanAra, muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha yojita paryuSaNa vyAkhyAnamALAnA niyamita vyAkhyAtA. patrakAratva : "sanAtana jaina'nA sahataMtrI, 1907thI 1909. jaina zvetAmbara kaoNnpharansa heralDa'nA taMtrI, 1912thI 1919. jenayuganA taMtrI. 1925thI 193). sAhityakartAH prakAzita graMtho : 1. jaina sAhitya ane zrImaMtonuM kartavya. 1908. 2. harbaTa vorananA "jenIjhamanuM bhASAMtara. 1910. 3. vinayavijayopAdhyAyaracita nayakarNikA (guja. saMpA.), 1910. (phattehacaMda kapUracaMda lAlana sAthe) 4. jinadevadarzana, 1910. 5. sAmAyikasUtra, 1911. 6. yazovijayajIkRta samyakatvanA saDasaTha bolanI sajhAya, (saMpA.) 1912. 7. jene kAvyapraveza, (saMpA.) 1912. 8. svAmI vivekAnaMdanA patro (anu.), 1912.

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16 9. zrImad yazovijayajI (aMgrejI), 1912 ke 1813. 10. jaina aitihAsika rAsamALA (saMpA.), 1912 ke 1913. 11. jaina rAsamALA (puravaNI), 1914. 12. nayakarNikA (aMgrejI, saMpA.), 1915. 13. giranAra tIrthoddhAra rAsa tathA tIrthamALA (saMpA.), 1920. 14. jaina gUrjara kavio bhA.1, 1926. 15. jena gUrjara kavio bhA.2, 1931. 16. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, 1933. 17. sujazavelI bhAsa (saMpA.), 1934. 18. jainAcArya zrI AtmAnaMdajI janmazatAbdI smArakagraMtha, 1936. 19. siddhicaMdra upAdhyAyaracita bhAnucaMdragaNicarita (saM. aMgrejI, - saMpA.), 1941. 20. jaina gUrjara kavio bhA.3 (be khaMDamAM), 1944. 21. gUrjara rAsAvalI (saMpA.), 1958 (balavaMtarAya ThAkora tathA madhusUdana modI sAthe). 22. jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto, 1998. agraMthastha sAhitya : sAmayikAdimAM rahelAM betraNa hajAra pAnAMnAM lekho, saMpAdita kRtio, kAvyo vagere. vizeSatA : rAjakoTanA zikSaNAdhikArI mAmA prANajIvana morArajI zAhanA Azraye uchera, tethI nItiniSTha, prAmANika, satyaniSTha, sAdAIbharyA jIvananA AgrahI. bhAre karmaThatA, jene kAraNe emane hAthe AkaragraMthonuM nirmANa thayuM. 0 spaSTavaktApaNuM paNa saralatA, sthAna-mAnanI apekSA nahIM, namratA. 0 vidyAsevA ane samAjasevA kazA vaLatara vinA karavAno saMkalpa. 0 rASTravAdI mAnasa, sAMpradAyika mALakhAmAM rahIne paNa navA vicAro jhIlanArA. 0 jaina sAhitya ne samAjanI sevA e svIkAreluM jIvanadhyeya. 0 nAnA mANasamAM paNa rasa levAno svabhAva, sahAyavRtti.

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anukrama prakAkAya nivedana . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * saMpAdakIya nivedana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lekhakanuM nivedana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . umaLakAbharyA haiye AvakAra - A. pradyumnasUri . . . . . . . . . . 13 jaina ane bauddha dharma-darzananuM AvakArya prakAzana - DaoN. estera solomana . . . zrI mohanalAla dalIcaMda dezAI : jIvanajhalaka . . . . . . . . * * * * khaMDa-1 jaina mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto, 1-266 vibhAga-1 : jaina dhArmika sAhitya, 3-27 upalabdha zruta-sAhitya - 45 Agamo : prAcIna bAra aMgo, 3-10, bAra upAMgo, 10-12 cAra mUlasUtra, 12-16; naMdIsUtra, 16; anuyogadvAra, 16; cha chedasUtro, 16-18; daza prakIrNaka (pannA), 18-20 bhadrabAhusvAmI, 20-21; pATaliputra pariSada, 21; mAthurI vAcanA (mathurA pariSada), 21-22; valabhI vAcanA (valabhIpura pariSada), 22; umA svAti, 22-23, pAdaliptasUri, 23-24; siddhasena divAkara, 24; malavAdakata "nayacakra', 24-25, jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa, 25; haribhadrasUri, 25-27. vibhAga-2 : zrI mahAvIrano samaya ane dharmapravartaka tarIke mahAvIra, 28-93 bhAratanI rAjakIya sthiti - rAjAo, 28-46, bhAratanA bhinnabhinna dezo, 46-56; bhAratanI sAmAjika sthiti, pa6-59; bhAratanI dharmabhAvanA, 59-70; mahAvIrano prAdurbhAva, 70-75, dharmapravartaka tarIke mahAvIra, 75-86; mahAvIranuM jIvana, 8693. vibhAga-3: jaina matanA siddhAMto, 94-253 traNa tattva : Izvaratattva-sadivatattva, 94-100, sadgurutattva, 100-104, sadharmatattva, 104; kAlasvarUpa, 104-110; AtmAne karmano saMyoga, 110-128; samyagdarzana, 128-134; AtmavAda - AtmAnuM svarUpa (samyakatvanAM 6 sthAnaka), 134-147; SaDradravya, 148-155; nava tattva, 156-170; cha vezyA, 170-172; jaina daSTie jIvanI utkAnti, 172-182; cauda guNasthAnaka (mokSapadasopAna), 4-149: kAryasiddhinuM rahasya : pAMca samavAya, 189-194; jena yogamArga, 195-217; pratyeka khatmavAda ane mokSasvarUpa, 218-230; anekAntavAda - syAdvAda, 231-239; sarva darzanonI sarakhAmaNIno koTho, 24-241; gRhasthadharma ane yatidharma, 242-253.

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18 vibhAga-4 : prakIrNa, 254-266 jainomAM bhedo, 254-256; tIrtha, 256; jaina vastI, 257; buddha ane mahAvIra, 257-258; bauddhanI jaina eka zAkhA che ? nahi, 258-262; jaina e vaidika dharmanI zAkhA che ? (jainanI prAcInatA), 262-266. khaMDa-2 bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto, 267-366 vibhAga--1 : bauddha dhArmika sAhitya, 269-280 pAli bhASAmAMnA bauddha sAhityanI utpatti, 269-271; saMskRta bhASAmAMnA bauddha sAhityanI utpatti, 271-272, bauddhomAM 18 bheda, 272-273; bauddha tattvajJAnanAM cAra darzana, 273-275, bauddha darzana ane ukta cAra saMpradAyonA mato, 275-276; SahdarzanamAM bauddha darzananuM kAlaSTie sthAna, 276-277; judAjudA graMthakAro, 277-280, vibhAga-2 : gautama buddha, 281-297 janma : bAlyakALa H yuvAvasthA (gRhasthAzrama), 281-283; gRhatyAga mahAbhiniSkramaNa, 284; bhramaNajIvana : zodha H tatvaprApti : dIkSA, 284-288; uttara jIvana, 289-294; aMtima varSa - parinirvANa, 294-297. vibhAga-3 : bauddha matanA siddhAMto, 298-356 bauddha dharmano udayakAla - te samayanA bhAratanA dhArmika vicAra ane Adarzo, 298-299; bauddha dharma - tenA tattvajJAnanI vizeSatA, 299-303; cA2 Aryasatya, 303-325; dharma, 325-330; vizvavyavasthA, 331-332; arhato, pratyekabuddho ane temanAM lakSaNo, 332-333; buDhDho ane temanAM lakSaNo, 333-335; bodhisattvo ane temanAM lakSaNo, 335-336; tattvajJAna, 336-342; bauddha dharmanA rahasyarUpa mukhya siddhAMto, 343-356. vibhAga-4 : prakIrNa, 357-366 bauddha dharmamAM strInI padavI, 357-358; bauddha dharma ane ugra tapazcaryA, 358-359; kriyAvAda - puruSArtha - udyama, 359; svadezaprema, 359-360; bhikSuono saMyama, 360-361; bauddha dharma ane jJAti, 361; hAlano pracalita bauddha dharma 361-364; bhAratamAMthI bauddha dharmanA lopanAM kAraNa, 364-366. viSayasUci : 367-396

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SAL PiHLA 4640 kapizA lo2 ( kama 5 jA matsya rasana sina HIRAL. r nA Arr th SARG aasaar|2 Kun sora kaliMga / . Hear MHAR ( dAbI DAyapura mArakara - --- ....... -- Tited mahAvIra ane buddhanA samayanuM Ayavata

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WEAVA BUL 31 SA TOS andhari m 25 Indrapratha (Delbl) 2 YO Brahopkin ABIRA f SO 2 M ANTRA SALU RED OB 814 ITPRATAX DR . r on Saran sepe Ophir Kuche (Omu) y HA WOANGASOARA BAY OF ENOL Alasira Dybywa SMP USTAN . Gokarna 2 SDRAVA C . LAY 2 2 lh PANOYA TAMRAPARKI, SEXYFALADVITA KASUELAX(CATLON) ? N D I AN AW MAP OF ANCIENT INDIA SCALE OF MILES . _ Londitude Eut from Grees wlet prAcIna bhArata

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khaMDa-1 jaina mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto

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vibhAga-1 : jaina dhArmika sAhitya upalabdha zruta-sAhitya - 45 Agamo : prAcIna bAra aMgo jaina zAstranA sauthI prAcIna graMtho 'aMgo kahevAya che. te bAra che. ane temAM bAramuM aMga - nAme daSTivAda' jemAM cauda pUrvono samAveza thAya che te - pachI lupta thayeluM che. bAkInAM 11 aMgo nAme AcArAMga Adi zvetAMbara jaino haju sudhI amuka pramANamAM jALavI zakyA che. jema puruSanAM 12 aMga nAme be paga, be jaMghA (sAthaLa), be Uru, be gAtrArdha - pITha ane udara, be hAtha, eka Doka ane eka mastaka che tevI rIte samaya-mRtarUpa parama puruSanA - zrutapuruSanAM - samayapuruSanAM AcAra Adi bAra aMga che. jenA AmnAyamAM Ane "mRta" kahevAmAM Ave che te anya darzanamAM jene "zruti' kahevAmAM Ave che te ja arthamAM che. ahaMtu pAsethI sAMbhaLeluM evo artha "zrutano thaI zake. prAcIna kALamAM bAre aMgomAM je hatuM te sarva akhaMDapaNe dravya, kSetra, kALa, bhAvanA pariNAme atyAre nathI rahyuM; temaja prAcIna aMgomAM zuM hatuM tenuM joke vistRta vigatavAra varNana atyAre sAMpaDatuM nathI; topaNa te prAcIna aMgomAM sAmAnya rIte je viSayo hatA teno ati alpa nirdeza yAtratatra karavAmAM Avyo che. samavAya nAmanA aMgamAM (temaja naMdI sUtramAM) teno nirdeza je che te atre saMkSepamAM joIe. (1) AcArAMga : jaina sAdhuoe kevI rIte potAnA AcAranuM pAlana karavuM te vize AmAM varNana che. jeno kahe che ke je jJAna koI kAryamAM pariNata na thAya te jJAna vRthA che. te mATe jaina sAdhuoe ahiMsA vratano upadeza ApatAM pahelAM keTalA prakAranA jIvo che te sarva jANavuM joIe. A jJAna sahita prANIhiMsAno niSedha karavAmAM Avyo che. AcArAMgamAM kahyuM che ke "je eka jANe che te sarva jANe che. je sarva jANe che te eka jANe che." - arthAt je eka vastune tenA sarva paryAya (pheraphAra) thakI jANe che te nizcaye sarvane jANe che, kemake sarvajJAna vinA vivakSita evI eka vastune, sva-para paryAya bheda thakI bhinna karIne tenAM sarva rUpomAM samajavI e azakya che. je sarvane sarvarUpe sAkSAt jANe che te ekane paNa sva-para paryAya bheda thakI bhinna rUpe yathArtha jANe che. A jJAnadika Asevana vidhino pratipAdaka graMtha che. AcArAMgamAM mukhya be vibhAga che jene "zrutaskaMdha' kahe che. temAMnA pahelAmAM 9 adhyayana che. 1. zastraparijJA 2. lokavijaya 3. zItoSNIya 4. samyaktva pa. lokasAra 6. dhUta 7. mahAparijJA 8. mokSa 9. upadhAna. 1. zrI naMdInI vRttimAM malayagirijIe sUtra 43nI TIkAmAM prAcIna gAthA 'ukta' kahIne mUkI pAyadugaM jaMghorU gAyadugaddhaM tu doya bAhU ya / gIvA siraM ca puriso bArasa aMgo suyavisiThTho / /

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto bIjo zrutaskaMdha AcArAgra che - AcArAMgano vadhAro che. temAM munionA niyamothI baddha evAM 16 adhyayana che. 1. pipaiSaNA 2. zayyA 3. IryA 4. bhASA 5. vastra 6. pAtra 7. avagraha pratimA 8. sthAna 9. nizIthikA 10. uccAraprazravaNa 11. zabda 12. rU5 13. parakriyA 14. anyoanya kriyA 15. bhAvanA 16. vimukti-hitopadezahitazikSAnAM kAvyo. AcArAMgamAM prathama zrutaskaMdha jUnAmAM jUno che ne temAM paheluM adhyayana to bIjAM adhyayana karatAM vadhu prAcInatA darzAve che. bIjo zrutaskaMdha pahelA zrutaskaMdha karatAM ghaNo pAchaLano che, ane te temAM "cUlA' (eTale pariziSTo) mUkI che te parathI jaNAya che. (2) sUtrakRtAMga : AmAM jJAna tathA vinayAdi guNo ane vividha dharmAcAro varNita che. jainadharmanI niyamAvali sAthe anya 363 kuvAdIo ke je zrI mahAvIranA samayamAM astitva dharAvatA hatA temanI niyamAvalinI tulanA karI che. ane chevaTe batAvI ApyuM che ke ahiMsAdharmanA mULa rUpa dharma e ja zreSTha dharma che. sAdhuo A pustakanA adhyayanathI dharma pratye daDha vizvAsI bane che. e sivAya vividha prakAranA madane (jAtimada vagere 8 prakAranA madane) tiraskArI kADhavAmAM AvyA che. vinaya e pradhAna bhUSaNa che ema khullI rIte jaNAvyuM che. AmAM be zrutaskaMdha che. pahelA zrutaskaMdhamAM 16 adhyayana che. 1. samayAkhya - svamata-paramatanI prarUpaNA. 2. vaitAlIya - hitAhita darzana. 3. upasarga parijJA - upasargo sahana karavA ane kuzAstronAM vacanathI cAritrabhraSTa na thavuM. 4. strI parijJA - strIothI na lalacAvuM. 5. narakavibhakti - narakanuM varNana. tenA duHkhathI bhaya pAmI svadharma Adaravo. 6. vIrastuti - mahAvIranI padhastuti. 7. kuzIla paribhASA - yajJayAgAdi, snAnAdi, tapazcaryAdimAM ja mokSa mAnanArA bhaTake che. zuddha cAritra tethI kAMI ora ja che. sAdhu madhyasthabhAva aMgIkAra karI svarUpamAM bhaTake che. 8. vIrya - bAlavIrya, paMDitavIrya vize. 9. dharma 10. samAdhi 11. mokSamArga 12. samavasaraNa - pAkhaMDI mato vize. kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI (agnostics) ne vinayavAdInA doSonuM darzana, svamatanuM darzana. 13. yathAtathya - dharmanuM yathAtatha svarUpa. 14. graMthaparityAga - vividha parigrahano tyAga. 15. AdAna(yamaMti) - cAritra vize. 16. gAthA - mAhaNa (brAhmaNa), zramaNa, nircantha, bhikSa e cAra zabdanI samajUtI. - bIjA zrutaskaMdhamAM 7 adhyayana che. 1. pauMDarIka (The parable of a lotus) - kiyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, vinayavAdI ne ajJAnavAdI kamaLa-mokSa levA saMkalpa kare che paNa saMsArathI virakta thaI saMpUrNa aMze tema karatA nathI. kAmabhoga rUpa kAdavamAMthI nIkaLI zakatA nathI. jyAM deha te anya ane huM te anya ema samajAya che tyAM ja zuddha svarUpanuM bhAna thavAnI AzA kharI, tyAM ja mokSa meLavavAnI vakI kharI. 2. kriyAsthAnaka - IcchA tyAM kaSAya ne tyAM ja saMsAra. jyAM teno abhAva tyAM mokSa. bAra saMparAya kriyA (saMsArakriyA)no 1. sUtrakRtAMgamAM paravAdInA 363 mata gaNyA che. 180 kriyAvAdInA, 84 akriyAvAdInA, 67 ajJAnavAdInA ane 3ra vinayavAdInA mata che.

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upalabdha zruta-sAhitya : prAcIna bAra aMgo tyAga karI 'IryAvahI' aMgIkAra karavAno AmAM upadeza che. 3. AhAra parijJA - zuddha eSaNIya AhAra saMbaMdhI varNana. 4. pratyAkhyAna parijJA - karmabaMdho lAgavA saMbadhI. 5. AcAra-anAcArazruta - AcAra aMgIkAra karavo, anAcArano tyAga kiravo. 6. AAkIya - ArlaeNika kumArano anya darzanIo sAtheno zAstrArtha. 7. nAlaMdIyA - zrAvakanA AcArano adhikAra. (3) sthAnAMga : jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, kAla ane AkAza e cha dravyomAM jIva sivAyanA anya ajIva che. A jIvAjIvanA bhedone temaja temanA guNaparyAyone eka saMkhyAmAMthI daza saMkhyA sudhInI tenI anukramaNikAne sthAna ApeluM che. te eka saMkhyAne eka "sthAna', bene be sthAna' ema "sthAna' nAma ApyuM che. ane e pramANe bhedanI vaheMcaNI karI che. jIva jyAre karmabaMdhanothI mukta thAya tyAre tene siddha' jIva kahevAmAM Ave che. siddha' jIvo vaLI sthAna-kAlanA hisAbe avagAhana Adi zreNImAM vibhakta che. jeo karmabaMdhanathI mukta thayA nathI teo "saMsArI kahevAya che. "saMsArI' jIvo traNa bhAgamAM vaheMcAyelA che. 1. sthAvara 2. saklendriya 3. vikalendriya. A prakAre bIjA dravyonA svarUpanI oLakhANa ane vibhAga sthAnAMga sUtramAM varNavyA che. sAtamA adhyayanamAM sAta nindavo - virodhI dharmabhedonuM varNana upayogI che. AkhA sUtranA daza adhyAya (ke jene paNa sthAna" nAma ApyuM che) che temAM pahelAmAM eka eka bola, bIjAmAM be be ema dazamAmAM daza daza bola jenA nA hoya tenI vyAkhyA vibhAga sAthe karI che. (4) samavAyAMga : A sUtramAM ekathI koDAkoDI saMkhyA sudhI jIvAjIvanA bheda temaja guNaparyAyo temaja anya hakIkato jaNAvI che, ane te saMkhyAnA samudAyane samavAya" e nAma ApeluM che. (5) vyAkhyA prajJapti : (Ane 'bhagavatIsUtra' paNa kahevAmAM Ave che.) vyAkhyA eTale vividha kathana, prajJapti eTale prarUpaNA. jemAM koI rIte abhividhi vaDe sarva zeyapadArthonI vyAtipUrvaka - athavA maryAdA vaDe -' paraspara asaMkIrNa - vizALa lakSaNakathanapUrvaka vividha jIvAjIvAdi ghaNA padArthonA viSayavALAM, zrI mahAvIra bhagavAne gautamAdi ziSyo pratye temanA pUchelA padArthonAM pratipAdano karelAM che te vyAkhyAo ane e vyAkhyAonuM prarUpaNa zrImAna sudharmAsvAmIe jabUsvAmI pratye jemAM kareluM che te vyAkhyA prajJapti." AmAM zrI mahAvIrasvAmIne temanA mukhya gaNadhara gautamasvAmIe pUchelA 36000 prazno ane tenA uttaro che. praznonA uttaro ApI mahAvIrasvAmIe ziSyagaNanA saMdehanuM nivAraNa kareluM teno vistRta hevAla A sUtramAM che. temaja sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka, zrAvikA saMbaMdhe ane padArthonI sUkSma vyavasthA - jIvavicAra Adi aneka bAbatonuM vivecana che. AmAM anyatIrthiko, pArthApatyo (pArzvanAtha prabhunA anuyAyIo) vagere saMbaMdhI varNana ne ullekha che. zrI mahAvIrane mATe vezAlaya, niyaMthipura (nirgundhaputra), saMkhambakhA mokakha samaNovAsaga, paoNkakhali samaNovAsaga, dhammaghosa, sumaMgala Adi nAmo vaparAyAM che. IdrabhUti Adi gaNadharo, ane bIjA ziSyo nAme roha, khaMdaya,

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto kaccAyana, kurudattaputta ane tisaya, nArayaputta, sAmahatyi AnaMda ane sunakakhatta, mAguMdiyaputtanAM nAmo Ave che. virodhImAM jamAli, ziSyAbhAsa tarIke gozAla maMkhaliputtanuM vistRta varNana che. koNika rAjAnA eTale mahAvIranA samayamAM kAzIkozalanA rAjAo nAme nava malakI ane nava licchavI rAjAo upara vajji videhaputte vijaya meLavyo te vAta Ave che ane kozAMbInA rAjA udayana (zatAnikano putra ane sahassANiyano pautra)nI phUI jayaMtI zrI mahAvIrano upadeza sAMbhaLI bhikSuNI thaI teno itihAsa jaNAvyo che. A parathI temaja AvI aneka hakIkata parathI zrI mahAvIranA jIvanakAla para ghaNo prakAza paDe che. navamA zatakamAM eka zrImaMta brAhmaNane tyAM rAkhelI dAsIonAM nAmo jevAM ke paviyA, ArabI, bahAMlI, muhaMdI, pArasI te anArya jAtinI - videzIya hatI ema sUcave che. hiMdanI 16 jAtio (aMga, baMga, magaha, malaya, mAlavaya, accha, vaccha, koccha (ttha?), paDha, lADha, vajji, mAli, kosI, kosala, avAha, subhattara) jaNAvI che. grahonAM nAma temaja brAhmaNonAM zAstronAM nAmo RgvedAdino ullekha paNa AmAM jovAmAM Ave che. 6 (6) jJAtA dharmakathAMga : jJAta eTale udAharaNa rUpa, dharmapradhAna kathAnuM aMga. tenA be zrutaskaMdha che. pahelAmAM 19 adhyayana che. 1. ukSipta - temAM zreNikanA putra meghakumAranI kathA che. 2. saMghATaka zeTha ane coranI dRSTAMtakathA che. 3. aMDaka moranA IMDA saMbaMdhI kathA. 4. kUrma - kAcabAnI kathA. pa. zailaka - zailaka rAjarSinI kathA 6. tumba - tuMbanI kathA 7. rohiNI -- zreSThivadhU rohiNInI kathA. 8. mallI - 19mA strItIrthaMkara mallinAthanI kathA. 9. mAkandI - mAkandI nAmanA vaNikaputranI kathA. 10, caMdramA 11. dAvadva samudrataTe thatA eka vRkSanI kathA 12. udaka nagaranI khALanuM pANI 13. maMDUka naMdamaNikA2no jIva 14, tetalI telisuta nAmanA amAtya 15. naMdIphala - naMdi nAmanA vRkSanAM phaLo. 16. avarakaMkA - dhAtakI khaMDa bharatakSetranI rAjadhAnImAM draupadI (pAMDavonI patnI)nI kathA 17. AikSNa - AkIrNa. samudramAM rahetA azvo. 18. suMsumA - te nAmanI zreSThiduhitA. 19. puMDarIka. bIjo zrutaskaMdha eka adhyayana jeTalo pariziSTa rUpe che. temAM nAnAnAnA 10 varga karI kathAthI samajAvela che. AmAM anArya jAtinAM nAmono ullekha che. 72 kalAono ullekha che. tathA aDhAra dezI bhASAo evo mAtra nAmollekha che. (7) upAsaka dazAH : jeo dharmanuM avalaMbana karI saMsArano parityAga kare che teone zramaNa - nirprantha, sAdhu yati lekhavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu jeo potAnA AcAro sarvAMze sAdhuonI tulya pALI zake nahi teo gRhastho-upAsako-zrAvako che. kAraNa ke saMsAratyAgIo je vidhi anuSThAna karI zake te sarva gRhIothI na ja banI zake. ATalA mATe A sUtramAM zrI mahAvIranA daza zrAvakonA adhikAra ApI te parathI gRhasthoe pALavA yogya AcAronuM varNana che. te daza zrAvakonAM nAma AnaMda, kAmadeva, culaNIpitA, surAdeva, kuMDakolika, zakaDAla(-putra), mahAzataka, naMdanI pitA, zAlinanapatA (tetalIpitA - zAlikaputra) A daza mukhya gRhI ziSyonA nAma pramANe A sUtra daza adhyayanamAM vaheMcavAmAM AvyuM che. tethI A sUtranuM nAma upAsakadazAH - -

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upalabdha zruta-sAhitya : prAcIna bAra aMgo pADyuM che. A parathI te vakhate kevAM kevAM vilAsI dravyono upayoga thato, kevAM kAmomAM dhanano vyaya thato, kevA prakAranA paheraveza teo dhAraNa karatA te vagere viSayonuM paNa jJAna thAya che. (8) aMtakata dazA: : jeNe karmano athavA tenA phalarUpI saMsArano aMta - nAza karelo che te "aMtakRta' kahevAya che. jenomAM 24 tIrthakaro thaI gayA che. teonA vakhatamAM thaI gayelA 10 aMtakRta - kevalInuM, daSTAMta tarIke gautamakumAra AdinuM kaThora tapasyApUrNa jIvana tathA aMte karmabaMdhanathI mukti vagere prasaMgonuM tathA mokSagAmI pradyumnAdinA adhikAranuM AmAM varNana che. 7mA aMga upAsakadazAmAM gRhasthone yogya jIvana gALanAra Adarzo gRhastha mATe mUkyA che ane aMtakRta dazAmAM saMsAratyAgI jaina gaNane gautamakumAra AdinA Adarza potAnA jIvana sAthe grathita karavA prere che. A aMganA 8 varga che. varga eTale adhyayanano samUha - saMgraha. pahelA vargamAM 10 adhyayana gautamakumAra AdinAM che. bIjAmAM akSobhakumAra AdinAM ATha, trIjAmAM anavayazakumara AdinAM 13, cothAmAM jAlikumAra AdinAM 10, pAMcamAmAM padmAvatI Adi sAdhvIonAM 10, chaThAmAM makAI gAthApati AdinAM 16, sAtamAmAM naMdA rANI Adi zreNikarAjAnI 13 rANIonAM 13, ane AThamAmAM zreNikarAjAnI kAlI Adi 10 rANIo ke jemaNe A caMdanA pAsethI sAmAyika Adi 11 aMgono abhyAsa karyo hato temanAM 10 adhyayana che. (9) anuttaropapAtikadazAH : anuttara eTale jenAthI koI pradhAna nathI evo uttama, upapAta eTale janma jeno che te "anuttaropapAtika'. jaina dharmagraMthomAM anuttara vimAna nAmanA svarganuM varNana che. A anuttara vimAno sarvArthasiddha Adi nAmanAM pAMca che. A pAMcamAM janma lenAra te anuttaropaNatika. te eka bhava karI mokSe avazya janAra che eTale teo ekAvanArI che. A svarga je je meLavI zakyA te 33 puruSonuM vivaraNa AmAM che. AmAM mULa daza adhyayana hatAM te jaNAvavA anuttaropapAtika dizAH' e nAma apAyeluM che. adhyayano traNa vargamAM vaheMcelAM che. pahelA vargamAM 23 adhyayana che temAM zreNikarAjAnA jalikumAra Adi gaNAvelA 23 putronA adhikAra che. bIjAmAM 13 che temAM zreNika rAjAnA putra dIrdhasena kumAra Adi gaNAvelA 13nA adhikAra che. trIjA vargamAM 10 adhyayana che temAM dhanya, sunakSatra, RSidAsa, palaka, rAmaputra, caMdrakumAra, poSThIputra, peDhAlakumAra, poTilakumAra, vahalakumAra e daza ke jeo sarvArthasiddha vimAnamAM gayA temano adhikAra che. A bahu nAnuM sUtra che. darekamAM pahelI kathA pUrNa che. bAkInAnuM e pramANe samajavuM ema TUMkAvyuM che. (10) praznavyAkaraNadazAH : prazna eTale vidyAvizeSa. te saMbaMdhI vyAkaraNa eTale pratipAdana - vivecana, daza adhyayanamAM che eTale praznavyAkaraNadazAH evo artha pUrvakAle hato. hamaNAM je daza adhyayana che temAM pAMca AsravadvAra (Asrava eTale je dvArA karmo Ave che te dvAra) ane pAMca saMvaradvAra (ke jethI karmo AvatAM baMdha thAya che te) saMbaMdhI vivecana che. pAMca Asrava te hiMsA, mRSA, adatta (corI), abrahma, ane parigraha. pAMca saMvara te tenA pratipakSI ahiMsA, satyavacana, anujJAthI dattanuM grahaNa (asteya),

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto brahmacarya ane aparigraha. A darekanuM eka eka ema daza dvAra che. AmAM lagabhaga pa3 anArya jAtinAM nAma tathA 9 grahonAM nAma Ave che. (11) vipAkasUtra : AmAM zubha-azubhanA - puNya-pAparUpa karmanA vipAka - phaLanuM pratipAdana karela che. tene karmavipAkadazA paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. IdrabhUti koI jUra kArya joI mahAvIrane te saMbaMdhI pUche che, ne zrI mahAvIra prastuta vyaktionA pUrvabhavo kahI te kAryanuM samAdhAna kare che ane sAthe bhaviSyanA bhavo paNa jaNAve che. temAM "jasnAyatana' - yakSanA maMdirano ullekha Ave che. tenA prathama zrutaskaMdhamAM daza adhyayana che. 1. mRgAputra 2. ujjita 3. agnisena 4. zakaTa pa. bRhaspatidatta 6. naMdiSeNa 7. umbaradatta 8. soriyadatta 9. devadattA 10. aMjudevI. bIjA zrutaskaMdhamAM paNa nAnAM nAnAM daza adhyayana che. A pramANe 11 aMga hAlamAM vidyamAna che. 12muM aMga daSTivAda lupta thayeluM che. (12) daSTivAda : emAM sarva padArthonI prarUpaNA che. te daSTivAda pAMca prakArano che. 1. parikarma 2. sUtra 3. pUrvagata (pUrva) 4. anuyoga ane 5. cUlikA. (1) parikarma. parikarma eTale yogyatAkaraNa. te sAta prakArano che. 1. siddha zreNika parikarma 2. manuSya zreNika 3. puSTa zreNika 4. avagrahanA zreNika. 5. upasaMpAdana zreNika (upasaMhajjaNa - aMgIkAra karavA yogya) 6. vipakvaha (chAMDavA yogya) zreNika 7. zrutApyuta zreNika. (2) sUtra. pUrvagata sUtrArthanuM je sUcana kare te sUtra. te sUtro sarva dravyo. sarva paryAyo, sarva nayo, sarva bhaMga vikalponA pradarzaka che. te 88 bhede che. 1. RjuaMga 2. pariNatA pariNata. 3. bahubhaMgI 4. vipratyayika (vinaya cAritra) 5. anaMtara 6. paraMpara samAna 7. saMyUtha 8. bhinna 9. yathAtyAga 10. sauvastika 11. ghaMTa 12. naMdAvarta 13. bahula 14. pRSTapRSTa 15. viyAvarta 16. evaMbhUta 17. drikAvarta 18. vartamAnotpataka 19. samabhirUDha 20. sarvatobhadra 21. praNAma (paNAma) 22. dvipratigraha. A 22 prakArane judIjudI rIte carcavAmAM Ave che. tene traNa nayathI (dravyArthika AdithI) temaja cAra naya - saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra ane zabda - thI ciMtavatAM 22 4 4 = 88 prakAra gaNAvyA che. (3) pUrva. daSTivAdamAM 14 pUrvo che. tenAM nAmo nIce pramANe che : 1. utpAdapUrva - sarva dravya ane paryAyonA utpAdanI temAM prarUpaNA che. 2. agrAyaNI - sarva dravyo ane jIvavizeSanA paryAyonuM agra eTale parimANa temAM varNavela che. agra = parimANa ane ayana = pariccheda. sarva dravyAdinA parimANano pariccheda jemAM che te. 3. vIryapravAda - temAM sakarma ane akarma jIvo tathA ajIvonuM vIrya kaheluM - prarUpyuM che. 4. astinAsti pravAda - dharmAstikAyAdi je vastu lokamAM che ane kharazRMgAdi je vastu nathI athavA syAdvAda abhiprAya pramANe sarva vastu svarUpathI che ane pararUpathI nathI evuM temAM jaNAveluM che.

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upalabdha zruta-sAhitya : prAcIna bAra aMgo 5. jJAnapravAda - mati Adi paMcavidha jJAnanuM svarUpa bheda-prabheda vaDe temAM kathana 6. satyapravAda -- satya = saMyama vA satyavacana temAM bheda sahita temaja tenA pratipakSa (asatya) sahita varNavela che. 7. AtmapravAda - temAM AtmA - jIva aneka naya vaDe batAvelo che. 8. samayapravAda-karmapravAda - temAM samaya eTale siddhAntArtha ke je karmarUpa che tethI eTale temAM karmasvarUpa prarUpyuM che, mATe A pUrvanuM samayapravAda ke karmapravAda e nAma Apela che. vaLI temAM jJAnAvaraNAdika ATha prakAranAM karma, prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga, pradeza Adi bheda-prabheda kahevAmAM AvyA che. 9. pratyAkhyAnavAda - temAM sarva pratyAkhyAnanuM svarUpa bheda sahita jaNAvyuM che. 10. vidyAnupravAda - temAM anekatizayavALI vidyA sAdhananI anukULatAthI siddhiprakarSa vaDe jaNAve che. vidyAnA atizayo sAdhananI anukULatA vaDe siddhinA prakarSa vaDe varNavyA che. 11. avadhya-kalyANa - avaMdhya-saphala. temAM jJAna, tapa, saMyoga Adi zubha phalo ane pramAda Adi azubha phalo varNavyAM che. bIjA tene kalyANapUrva kahe che. 12. prANAyuH - prANAvAya - temAM prANajIvo eTale pAMca Idriya, traNa prakAranuM bala, ucchuvAsa ane niHzvAsarUpa prANonuM athavA Ayu aneka prakAranuM varNavyuM che; jemAM bheda sahita prANavidhAna ane bIjA prANo varNavelA che. 13. kriyAvizAla - kAyikIAdi ane saMyamAdi kriyA vizAla eTale bheda vaDe vistarNapaNe bheda sahita jaNAvavAmAM AvI che. 14. bindusAra - eTale lokabindusAra. ('loka' zabda adhyAhAra che) je loka eTale jagatamAM, zrutalokamAM akSaranI upara biMdu jevA sAra rU5 - sarvottama sarjAkSaranA satripAtathI labdhi-hetuvALuM che te. (4) anuyoga. anuyoga eTale anurUpa - anukUla yoga arthAt sUtranI vastu sAtheno anurUpa saMbaMdha. te be prakArano che : 1. mUla prathamAnuyoga - mUla eTale dharmanA pravartanathI tIrthakarono prathama eTale samyakatvanI prAptinA lakSaNarUpa pUrvabhavAdi gocara evo anuyoga. 2. caMDikAnuyoga - IzvAdinA pUrvApara parvathI paricchinna, madhyabhAga te caMDikA. tenI peThe enArtha adhikAravALI graMthapaddhati tene caMDikA kahevAmAM Ave che, teno anuyoga. mUla prathamAnuyogamAM ahaMtu bhagavatonA samyaktvathI AraMbhI pUrvabhavo - devalokagamana, devabhavanuM Ayu, tyAMthI cyavana, tIrthaMkarano utpAta - janma, abhiSeka, rAjazrIno tyAga, pravajyA, tapa, kevalajJAna, tIrthapravartana, ziSyo, gaNo, gaNadharo, AyapravatinIo, caturvidha saMgha...siddhi Adi kahevAmAM Avela hoya che. gaMDikAnuyogamAM kulakaronI, tIrthakaronI, cakravartIonI, dazAInI baladevanI, vAsudevanI, gaNadharonI, bhadrabAhunI, tapakarmanI, harivaMzanI, utsarpiNInI, avasarpiNInI, citrAntara

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto gaMDikAo, devatA manuSya tiryaMca nAraka gati gamana vividha paryaTano vagere kahevAmAM Avela hoya che. 10 (5) cUlikA. cUlA eTale zikhara. jema merunI cUlA tema dRSTivAdamAM parikarma, sUtra, pUrvAnuyogamAM anukta arthanA saMgrahavALI graMthapaddhati te cUlA - cUlikA kahevAya che. prathamanAM cAra pUrvIne cUlA che, bAkInAM pUrve cUlikA vagaranAM che. prathama pUrvamAM 4, bIjA pUrvamAM 12, trIjAmAM 8 ane cothAmAM 10 ema kula 34 cUlikA che. dRSTivAda cauda pUrvenI bhASA saMskRta hatI ema prabhAvakacaritrakAra prabhAcaMdrasUri jaNAve che. - bAra upAMgo A aMga (zarIra)nA avayavo rUpa 12 upAMgo che. (1) aupapAtika (uvavAI) sUtra : upapAta janma (deva ne nArakano janma ke siddhigamana) tenA adhikAravALo A graMtha che. AmAM caMpAnagarI, pUrNabhadracaitya, vanakhaMDa, azokavRkSa, pRthvIzilAnuM varNana karI koNika rAjA, tenI rANI dhAriNI, teno rAjaparivAra, mahAvIra prabhunAM varSAMko che. koNika zrI mahAvIrane vaMde che. mahAvIranA ziSyo-sAdhuonuM varNaka che. tapa-bAhya ane atyaMtara tapanuM, mahAvIranA zramaNonuM, vAMdavA AvatA asura Adi devatAonuM, devIonuM, jano lokonuM, nagarInuM, koNikasenAnuM, koNikanuM, nagaravAsIonuM, subhadrA pramukha devI-rANIonuM varNana che. prabhu dharmakathA ardhamAgadhImAM kahe che - dezanA Ape che. samavasaraNanuM varNaka ApI lAMbo upodghAta pUro thAya che. have upapAtanI karmabaMdhapUrvakathI karmabaMdha-prarUpaNA jaNAve che. judAjudA svarUpanA jano - tApaso, zramaNo, parivrAjako AdinAM svarUpa batAvyAM che. pachI aMbaDa parivrAjakano adhikAra Ave che. zramaNo, AjIvako, nihnavo Adi batAvI kevalI samuddAta ane siddhasvarUpanuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. (2) rAyapaseNI (rAjapraznIya, rAjapradezIya ?) : rAjA pradezInA saMbaMdhI. AmAM prathama sUryAbhadeva zrI mahAvIrane vAMdavA jAya che tenuM varNana Ave che. pachI sUtranA nAma pramANe pArzvanAthanA gaNadhara zrI kezIno zrAvastI nagarInA rAjA pradezI sAtheno saMvAda che. pradezI AtmA vagere aneka vAta nahi mAnanAra hato. tene samajAvI kezI svAmIe zrI mahAvIranA siddhAntamAM zraddhA karAvI hatI. A saMvAdathI A sUtra eka sAhityano rasaprada graMtha che ema vinTanAiTjhanuM kahevuM che. (3) jIvAbhigama : jIva (upalakSaNathI ajIva paNa)nuM abhigama - jJAna jemAM che te. AmAM jIva, ajIva, jaMbudvIpanuM kSetra, parvata vagerenuM vistArathI varNana che. (4) prajJApanA : AnuM saMkalana karanAra sudharmAsvAmIthI 23mA Arya zyAmAcArya che. 'pra' eTale prakarSapaNe 'jJApana' eTale jANavuM. jemAM padArthanuM svarUpa prakarSapaNe - yathAvasthita rUpe jANI zakAya che athavA jIvAjIva Adi padArthanI prajJApanA che te prajJApanA. AmAM jIva, ajIva, Asava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA ane mokSanuM prarUpaNa che ane te e rIte ke AmAMnAM 36 pa6mAM 1, 3, 5, 10 ane

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upalabdha zruta-sAhitya : bAra upAMgo 11 13mA padomAM jIva ane ajIvanI, 16 ane 22mAmAM manavacanakAya e yoga-AsravanI, 23mA padamAM baMdhanI, 36mAmAM kevali samudughAtanI vAta karatAM saMvara, nirjarA ane mokSa e traNanI prarUpaNA che. vezyA, samAdhi, lokasvarUpa AmAM samajAvyuM 5) sUryaprajJapti : AmAM sUryAdi jyotiSacakranuM varNana che. sUryaprajJapti para bhadrabAhue niyukti racI hatI. paNa malayagiri potAnI TIkAmAM kahe che ke "te kalidoSathI naSTa thaI che tethI huM kevala sUtranI vyAkhyA karuM chuM.' sUryaprajJaptimAM 20 prAbhRta che. 1. maMDalagati saMkhyA 2. sUryano tiryak paribhrama 3. prAkAzya kSetra parimANa 4. prakAza saMsthAna 5. vezyApratighAta 6. ojasaMsthiti 7. sUryAvAra, 8.udayasaMsthiti 9. pauruSI chAyA pramANa 10. yogasvarUpa 11. saMvatsaronA Adi ane aMta 12. saMvatsaranA bheda 13. caMdramAnI vRddhi-apavRddhi 14. jyotsA pramANa 15. zIdhragati nirNaya 16. jyotsA lakSaNa 17. cyavana ne upapAta 18. caMdra-sUrya AdinI UMcAI 19. temanuM parimANa 20. caMdrAdino anubhAva. (6) jaMbUDhIpa prajJapti : AmAM jaMbUdvIpanuM vistArathI varNana che. bhUgoLa viSayaka A graMtha che. temAM bhAratavarSanA varNanamAM rAjA bharatanI kathAo ghaNo bhAga le che. (7) caMdra prajJapti : AmAM caMdra jyotipucakranuM varNana che. te lagabhaga "sUryaprajJapti' jevo - samAna graMtha che. . 5thI 7 upAMgo vaijJAnika graMtho (Scientific Works) che. temAM khagoLa, bhUgoLa, vizvavidyA ane kAlanA bhedo Ave che. (vinTaraniTjha) (8) kappiyA (kalpikA) - nirayAvalikA zrutaskaMdha : niraya eTale narakanI Avali karanAranuM jemAM varNana che te. AmAM magadhanA rAjA zreNika (bauddhamAM biMbisAra)nuM tenA putra koNika (ajAtazatru)thI thayela mRtyu (ke jenI vAta bauddha graMthomAM paNa Ave che) vagere hakIkata che. zreNikanA daza putro kAlikumAra Adi, temanA pitAmaha vezAlinA rAjA ceTakanI sAthe yuddhamAM laDatAM marAyo. pachI narakamAM jaI mokSe jaze tenI hakIkata che. (9) kappavarDasiyA (kalpAvatasikA) : AmAM zreNika rAjAnA dasa pautro padrakumAra Adi dIkSA laI judAjudA kalpa - devalokamAM gayA ne tyAMthI mokSe jaze tenuM varNana che. te darekanuM eka ema dasa adhyayana che. (10) puphiyA (puSpikA) : AmAM paNa dasa adhyayana che. zrI mahAvIrane dasa devadevIo potAnA vimAnamAMthI puSpakamAM besIne vaMdana karavA Ave che. temanA pUrvabhava mahAvIra gautamane jaNAve che. AmAM 1. caMdra ane 2. sUryanI pUrvakaraNI 3. mahAzukradevano pUrvabhava - somala brAhmaNa. 4. bahuputtIyA devIno pUrvabhava - subhadrA sAdhvI pa. pUrNabhadra devano bhava 6. mANibhadra 7. dattadeva 8. balanAma deva 9. zivadeva ane 10. anAdIta devanA pUrvabhava jaNAvyA che. AmAM bhagavatInI peThe brAhmaNa-zAstronAM nAmo Ave che. (11) puSkaculiyA (puSpacUlikA) : AmAM dasa adhyayana che. temAM upara pramANe

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12 ' jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto zrI, hari vagere dasa devIonI pUrvakaraNIno adhikAra che. zrIno pUrvabhava bhUtA nAmanI strI hato. tenI pArthe nignanya pravacanamAM zraddhA karAvI hatI. (12) vahni dasA (vRSNi dazA) : AmAM bAra adhyayana che. vRSNi vaMzanA balabhadrajInA 12 putro niSaDhakumAra Adi neminAtha prabhu pAse dIkSA laI sarvArthasiddha vimAnamAM gayA hatA ne tyAMthI mahAvideha kSetramAM mokSe jaze eno adhikAra che. kra. 8thI 12 upAMgo badhAM nirayAvali sUtro nAme oLakhAya che. kharI rIte to "kappiyA" sUtrane "nirayAvali' nAma ghaTe che. - ema kahevAmAM Ave che ke upAMga te aMganuM avayava che. te pramANe ukta upAMgo amuka aMgonAM upAMga che. jemake aupapAtika te AcArAMganuM, rAjaprazrIya te sUtrakRtAMganuM, jIvAbhigama te sthAnAMganuM, prajJApanA samavAyAMganuM, sUryaprajJapti te bhagavatInuM. jebUdvIpa prajJapti te jJAtAdharmakathAMganuM, caMdraprajJapti te upAsaka dazAMganuM, nirayAlikA zrutaskaMdha gata kalpikAdi paMca varga - paMcopAMga te aMtakRt dazAMgAdithI daSTivAda parvatanAM eTale kalpikA te aMtakRt dazAMganuM, kalpAvatasikA anuttaropapAtika dazAMganuM, puSpikA te praznavyAkaraNanuM, puSpacUlikA tevipAka zrutanuM ane vRSNidazA te daSTivAdanuM upAMga che. Ama bAra aMganAM bAra upAMga kevI rIte asaraparasa saMbaMdha rAkhe che tenuM sUkSmapaNe avalokanathI pRthakkaraNa karI zakAyuM nathI. vinTaraniTUjha kahe che ke "A ekabIjAno saMbaMdha taddana bAhya prakArano che.' cAra mUlasUtra 1. Avazyaka 2. dazavaikAlika 3. uttarAdhyayana tathA 4. piMDaniryukti ke oghaniryukti (bemAMthI game te eka) - ema cAra mUlasUtra gaNAya che. mUlasUtra e nAma pADavAmAM Azaya e lAge che ke te sarva sAdhuone mUlamAM - pahelAM prathama paThana karavAne yogya che. vebara kahe che ke mUlasUtra nAma kema paDyuM te samajI zakAtuM nathI; niyukti jenI thaI che tenuM mUlasUtra batAvavA arthe te vaparAyo hoya e saMbhavita che. teno krama teo 1. uttarAdhyayana 2. Avazyaka 3. dazavaikAlika 4. piMDaniryukti ema Ape che. (1) Avazyaka sUtra : Avazyaka - avazya je kriyAnuSThAna kartavya che tene lagatuM te Avazyaka, nityakarmanuM pratipAdaka. Avazyaka cha prakAranuM che. 1. sAmAyika (sAmAIya) 2. caturvizatistava (cauvIsatthao) 3. vaMdanaka (vaMdaya) 4. pratikramaNa (paDikkamaNa) 5. kAyotsarga (kAussagga) 6. pratyAkhyAna (paccakhANa). emAM sAmAyika adhyayanamAM pIThikA, pahelI ane bIjI varavarikA, upasargo, samavasaraNa, gaNadharavAda, daza prakAranI sAmAcArI, nindavo, zeSa upoddAta niryukti, namaskAra niryukti che. pachI caturvizatistava adhyayana, vaMdanAdhyayana, pratikramaNAdhyayana ke jemAM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNakRta dhyAnazataka che, tathA pariSThApanikA niryukti, saMgrahaNI, yogasaMgraha niryukti ane asvAdhyAya niyukti che, kAyotsarga adhyayana ane chevaTe pratyAkhyAnanuM adhyayana che.

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upalabdha zruta-sAhitya : cAra mUlasUtra 13 (2) dazavaikAlika sUtra : A sUtra cauda pUrvadhara sayaMbhavasUrie potAnA putra manaka mATe pUrvamAMthI uddharI racyuM. kAlathI nivRtta evuM -- vikAle paDhI zakAya evuM daza adhyayanavALuM te daza vaikAlika. temAM pahelI gAthAmAM jaNAvyuM che ke "dhakho baMnamuzcikuM hiMsA saMgamo tavo' - ahiMsA, saMyama ane tapa e utkRSTa maMgalarUpa dharma che. te ati uttama ane nItinA siddhAMtathI bharapUra che. A sUtramAM 10 adhyayana che. 1. dumapuSpika. temAM dharmaprazaMsA - dharmanI stuti che. sakala puruSArthamAM dharma pradhAna che. drumanA puSpamAMthI bhramara rasa cUsI le chatAM tene IjA na kare tema zramaNa varte che. 2. zrAmasyapUrvika. dharma tarapha ruci chatAM abhinava pravrajitane adhRtithI saMmoha na thAya te mATe vRti - vairya rAkhavuM teno adhikAra che. 3. yullikAcArakathA. dhRti AcAramAM joIe tethI AcArakathA zuddhikA eTale nAnI kahevAmAM Ave che. te AtmasaMyamano upAya che. 4. SajIvanikA. ukta AcAra che jIva kAyagocara hovo joIe athavA AtmasaMyama bIjA jIvonA jJAnapUrvaka pAlana karavo ghaTe tethI te rUpa A adhyayana che. 5. piDeSaNA. te rUpa dharma daha svastha hoya to paLAya, ane tethI AhAra vagara prAyaH svastha thavAtuM nathI mATe sAvadya ane niravadya evA AhAramAM niravadya AhAra grAhya che. AmAM be uddezaka che. bhikSAnI vizuddhi te tapaH saMyamane guNakArI che. 6. mahAcAra kathA. gocarI - bhikSAe jatAM mahAjana samakSa svAcAra nathI kahI zakAto paNa AlayamAM guru kahe che tethI mahAjanane yogya evI nAnI nahi paNa moTI AcAranI kathA. 7. vacanavizuddhi. te kathA AlayamAM hovA chatAM gurue niravadya vacanathI kahevI ghaTe. 8. AcArapraNidhi. niravadha vacana AcAramAM praNihitane thAya che. 9. vinaya. AcAramAM praNihita - dattacitta hoya te yathAyogya vinayasaMpanna thAya che. AmAM vinayano adhikAra che ne 4 uddezaka che. 10. sabhikSu. ukta nave adhyayananA arthamAM je vyavasthita che te samyagarbhikSu thAya che. Ama sAdhu-kriyAzAstranI samApti thAya che. kadI karmaparataMtratAthI koI sAdhu patita thAya to tenuM sthirIkaraNa karavuM. te mATe be cUDA - cUlikA chevaTe mUkI che. 1. rativAkyarDA. te sAdhune saMyamamAM sthirIkaraNa mATe che. temAM sAdhunA dujIvana mATe narakapAtAdi doSo varNavelA che. 2. viviktacaryA cUDA. temAM sAdhu patita na thAya tevA guNanA atirekanuM phala che. viviktacaryA eTale ekAMtacaryA - aniyatacaryA zrI bhadrabAhu dazavaikAlika paranI niyuktimAM jaNAve che ke uparokta 4thuM adhyayana AtmapravAda pUrvamAMthI, pamuM adhyayana karmapravAda pUrvamAMthI ane ane 7muM adhyayana satyapravAda pUrvamAMthI uddhata karela che ane bAkInAM adhyayano navamA pratyAkhyAna pUrvanI trIjI vastumAMthI uddhata karela che. AnA bIjA adhyAyanamAM rAjimatI ane rathaneminI vAta uttarAdhyayanamAMthI lIdhelI jaNAya che. A sUtra temaja uttarAdhyayana vAMcatAM bauddhanuM dhammapada yAda Ave che. (3) uttarAdhyayana sUtra : A AkhuM sUtra ati AnaMdadAyaka bodhanA nidhirUpa che. temAM 36 adhyayana che. 1. vinaya. dharma vinayamUla che tethI prathama vinayano

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14 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto adhikAra. 2. pariSaha. vinaya svasthacittavALAe tathA pariSahothI pIDAtAe paNa karavAno che to te pariSaho kayA kayA che te tathA tenuM svarUpa. 3. caturaMgIya. pariSaha zuM AlaMbana laIne sahevAM tenA uttaramAM manuSyatva, dharmazravaNa, zraddhA ane saMyamamAM vIryanI phuraNA karavI e dharmanAM durlabha cAra aMgo. 4. pramAdApramAda. trIjAmAM cAra durlabha aMgo kahyAM te prApta thayA chatAM pramAda sevAya to mahAdoSa thAya che tethI pramAdano tyAga tenA prakAra sahita ane apramAda karavAnuM kahevA mATe A adhyayana che. 5. akAmamaraNa. maraNa keTalA prakAranAM che - akAmamaraNa, sakAmamaraNa, paMDitamaraNa - te jANavA mATe A adhyayana. 6. kSullaka nircanthIya. paMDita maraNa vidyA-jJAna tathA cAritravALA sAdhu-nirjhanthane hoya che. tethI tevA kSullaka - nAnA sAdhunuM svarUpa AmAM kahyuM che. 7. aurazrIya. nirgasthapaNuM rasagRddhinA tyAgathI maLI zake ne te tyAga tenA doSa jANavAthI barAbara thaI zake te doSa dekhADavA mATe urabhra (gheTuM), kAgaNI, AmraphaLa, vyavahAra - vepAra ane samudra e pAMcanAM daSTAMto Ape che. 8. kApilIya. rasagRddhino tyAga nirlobhIne thaI zake tethI AmAM nirlobhapaNuM batAve che. temAM kapilA muninuM caritra hovAthI te adhyayananuM nAma kApilIya che. 9. namipravrajyA. nirlobhI A bhavamAM paNa iMdrAdikathI pUjAya che te dekhADavA A adhyayana. AmAM nami nAmanA pratyekabuddhanI pravajyA - dIkSA che. te naminI peThe bIjA traNa pratyekabuddha karakaMDu, dvimukha, nagati thayA che. 10. drumapatra. drumanuM pAMdaDuM pAkI jatAM paDI jAya che tema jIvana krame karI kSINa thAya che mATe he gautama ! eka samaya mAtra paNa pramAda karavo nahi e prakArathI mahAvIra anuzAsana-zikSA Ape che. 11. bahuzrutapUjA. dazamAmAM pramAdanA tyAgano je upadeza Apyo te upadeza vivekathI dhArI zakAya ne te viveka bahuzrutanI pUjAthI prApta thayo che. AmAM abahuzrutapaNuM ane bahuzrutapaNuM samajAvI te zAthI prApta thAya te, avinItanavanItanAM sthAno vagere batAvela che. 12. tapa-samRddhi -harikezIya. bahuzrute tapa paNa karavo joIe tethI tapanI samRddhinuM varNana ane harikezabala nAmanA sAdhunuM AmAM caritra che. 13. citrasaMbhUtIya. tapa karanAre nidAna (niyANA)no tyAga karavo ghaTe te mATe nidAnano doSa batAvavA citra ane saMbhUtanuM udAharaNa ahIM apAya che. 14. ISakArIya. AmAM nirnidAnatA - niyANArahitapaNAno guNa kahyo che. eka ja vimAnamAM rahelA cha jIvo tyAMthI avI ISakAra nAmanA puramAM UpajyA ane te cha paikI eka ISakAra nAmano rAjA thayo tethI A adhyayananuM nAma ISakArIya che. 15. sabhikSuka. niyANArahitapaNAno guNa bhikSu - sAdhune thAya che. bhikSanA guNo AmAM kahevAya che 16. brahmacaryagupti -brahmacaryasamAdhi. sAdhunA guNo brahmacaryamAM je sthira hoya tene tattvathI saMbhave. brahmacarya tenI guNiothI pALI zakAya. te gutio mana, vacana ane kAyAnI che. pachI brahmacaryanAM daza sthAno - samAdhisthAno kahyAM che ke jenI aMdara brahmacaryanI nava vADa samAI jAya che.) ke jethI te samAdhithI pALI zakAya. 17. pApazramaNIya. temAM pApasthAno sevanAra pApazramaNanuM svarUpa che. 18. saMyatIya. pApAnono tyAga bhoganA tyAgathI - saMyati thavAthI thAya che. te bhoganA tyAga para saMjaya rAjAnI

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upalabdha zrata-sAhitya : cAra mUlasUtra 15 kathA che. te parathI A adhyayanane saMjayIya kahI zakAya. 19. mRgAputrIya, bhogano tyAga karatAM zarIranI zuzruSA varjavAnI che. te para mRgAputranI kathA che. 20. mahAnirgathIya. "saMsAramAM mAro rakSaka koI nathI, huM ekalo ja chuM' evA anAthapaNAnI bhAvanA AmAM siddha karI che ke te para anAtha muninI kathA che. 21. samudrapAlIya. anAthapaNAno vicAra ekAMtacaryA vinA thaI zakato nathI tethI ekAMtacaryA para samudrapAlanI kathA AmAM AvI che. 22. rathanemIya. ekAMtacaryA dhIraja vinA pALI zakAtI nathI tethI rathaneminA daSTAMtathI cAritramAM dhRti rAkhavAno upadeza karyo che. prathama zrI neminAthano rAjimatIno tyAga ne dIkSA jaNAvI rAjimatIe rathanemine karela upadeza vagere suMdara kathA che. 23. kezi gautamIya. saMyamamAM dhRti rAkhatAM, AvatI zaMkAonuM samAdhAna karI saMyamamArgamAM pravartavuM. AmAM zrI pArzvanAthanA kramAgata ziSya kezIkumAra ane zrI mahAvIranA ziSya gautama svAmI vacce saMvAda che. 24. pravacanamAtA. zaMkAnuM nivAraNa karavAmAM bhASAsamitirU5 vAguyoganI jarUra che tethI AmAM pAMca samiti ane traNa guNirUpa ATha pravacanamAtAnuM svarUpa ApyuM che. A AThamAM sarva dvAdazAMgarUpa pravacanano samAveza thAya che tethI te tenI mAtA rUpa kahevAya che. 25. yajJIya. AmAM jayaghoSa ane vijayaghoSanI kathA dvArA brAhmaNanAM lakSaNa ane brahmacaryanA guNa batAvyA che. 26. sAmAcArI. sAdhu sAmAcArI daza prakAranI AvazyakI Adi batAvI che. te uparAMta bIjI rIte sAdhu mATenI sAmAcArI dinakRtya, rAtrikRtya vagere batAvela che. 27. khaluMkIya. sAmAcArI azaThapaNAthI paLAya. te para garga nAmanA muninI kathA kahI temAM khaluMka (gaLiyA baLada)nuM daSTAMta ApI te upanayathI ziSyo para utAryuM che. 28. mokSamArga. azaThatAthI mokSa sulabha thAya che. AmAM mokSamArganAM cAra kAraNo nAme jJAna, darzana, cAritra ane tapa jaNAvI te darekanA bheda samajAvyA che. 29. samyaktvaparAkrama. vItarAga thayA vinA mokSamArganI prApti thatI nathI te samajAvavA A adhyayana che. temAM saMvega, nirveda, dharmazraddhA Adi 73 dvAra kahyAM che. 30. tapomArga. AmravadvAra baMdha karI tapa vaDe karmanuM zoSaNa karAya che. te tapanA 6 prakAranAM bAhya tapa ane 6 prakAranAM aMtaraMga tapa ema be bheda darekanA prabheda sAthe samajAvela che. 31. caraNavidhi. caraNa eTale cAritra. tenI vidhi - varNana che. amukano tyAga ne amuka guNono svIkAra e jaNAvI cAritranuM svarUpa batAvyuM che. 32. pramAdasthAna. pramAdanuM jJAna karI teno tyAga karavo ghaTe tethI pramAdanuM svarUpa ApyuM che. rAga, dveSa, moha ane kaSAyanuM svarUpa ne tenA doSa batAvyA che. 33. karmaprakRti. AmAM karmanuM svarUpa, tenA jJAnAvaraNIyAdi bheda ane uttarabheda vagerethI batAvyuM che. 34. vezyA. vezyAnA prakAra ne tenuM nirUpaNa che. 35. anagAra mArga. anugAra eTale agAra - gRharahita evA sAdhunA guNo paMcamahAvratAdi pALavAnuM jaNAvyuM che. 36. jIvAjIvavibhakti. sAdhu-guNa sevavAmAM jIvAjIvanuM svarUpa jANavuM Avazyaka che tethI jIva ane ajIva, tenA prakAra vagere samajAvyuM che. zrI bhadrabAhu A paranI niyuktimAM jaNAve che ke AnAM 36 adhyayanamAM keTalAMka aMgamAMthI prabhavelAM, keTalAMka jinabhASita, keTalAMka pratyekabuddha saMvAdarUpa che.

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16 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta ItihAsa ane siddhAMto (4) piDaniyukti ke oghaniryukti : cothA mUlasUtramAM piMDaniryukti ane oghaniryukti paikI game te gaNAya che. piMDaniryukti saMbaMdhamAM jaNAvavAnuM ke dazavaikAlikasUtramAM pAMcamuM adhyayana pipaiSaNA che. dazavaikAlika para bhadrabAhusvAmIe niryukti racI che, tenA ukta pAMcamA adhyayana para niyukti racatAM te ghaNI moTI thaI tethI tene alaga karI piMDaniryukti temaNe racI che. AmAM piMDa eTale AhAra saMbaMdhI varNana che. temAM piMDanirUpaNa, udgama doSo, eSaNA doSo ane grAmaiSaNAnA doSo nirUpyA che. jyAre oghaniryukti eTale sAmAnya - sAdhAraNa niryukti - sUkSma ke vizeSa vigatamAM UtaryA sivAyanI niryukti. emAM caraNasattarI, karaNasattarI, pratilekhana Adi dvAro che. jemake pratilekhana dvAra, piMDadvAra, upadhinirUpaNa, anAyatanavarjana, pratiSavaNoddhAra, AlocanAdvAra ane vizuddhidvAra. AmAM caraNakaraNanuM mukhyapaNe svarUpa che. naMdIsUtra te devavAcakakata che. temAM tIrthakara gaNadharAdinI Avalika, parSado, avadhijJAna, mana:paryavajJAna, kevalajJAna, matijJAna ane zrutajJAnanuM svarUpa batAvyuM che. anuyogadvAra te Arya rakSitasUrikRta che. temAM Avazyaka zrutaskaMdhanA nikSepo, upakramAdhikAra, AnupUrvI, dazanAma adhikAra, pramANadAra adhikAra, nikSepa adhikAra, anugama adhikAra ane nayano adhikAra che. AmAM navarasa, kAvyazAstra mATenI keTalIka hakIkato, bhArata, rAmAyaNa, kauTilya, ghoTakamukha AdinA ullekho paNa che. cha chedasUtro kula 6 chedasUtro che. 1. nizItha (laghunizItha) 2. bRhatkalpa 3. vyavahAra 4. dazAzrutaskaMdha 5. paMcakalpa ane 6. mahAnizItha. A paikI nizItha, paMcakalpa ane mahAnizItha gaNadharakRta che ane bRhatkalpa, vyavahAra, ane dazAzrutaskaMdha e traNanA kartA bhadrabAhusvAmI che. temAM pacakalpa nAmanuM chedasUtra vicchinna thayuM che, paraMtu te para saMghadAsagaNinuM bhASya upalabdha che. A chedasUtro para niryukti ke bhASya, bRhatmA, cUrNi, avacUri aneka TippaNAdi bhinna-bhinna AcAryoe racyAM che. A chedasUtromAM prAyaH sAdhusAdhvIonA AcAra, gocarI - bhikSA, kalpa, kriyA ane sAmAnya niyamamArgonuM pratipAdana karyuM che. (1) nizItha sUtra : AcArathI patita thanArA mATe laghu nizIthasUtramAM Alocana laI prAyazcitta karI zuddha thavAnuM batAvyuM che. skUlanA karanAra munione zikSA rUpe nizIthasUtra che ane pramAdAdithI unmArge gayelAne sanmArga para te lAve che. (2) bRhatkalpasUtra : emAM cha uddezaka che. te mukhya sAdhusAdhvIono AcArakalpa che. saMyamane bAdhaka padArtha, sthiti vagere che teno niSedha ahIM thayo che

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upalabdha zruta-sAhitya : cha chedasUtro ane je saMyamane sAdhaka che tevA padArtha, sthAna, vastra, pAtra Adi ahIM jaNAvyAM che. vaLI amuka akArya mATe kayuM prAyazcitta daza prAyazcittamAMthI ApavuM te ane kalpanA cha prakAra vagere jaNAvela che. (3) vyavahAra sUtra : AmAM daza uddezaka che. pahelAmAM AcArathI patita thanArA munioe AlocanA (Confession) karavI ghaTe enI vAta che. sAthe AlocanA sAMbhaLanAra ane AlocanA karanAra muni kevA hovA joIe ane AlocanA kevA bhAvathI ka2vI joIe, ane tene keTaluM prAyazcitta devuM e vAta che. bIjAmAM eka karatAM vadhu sAdhu vihAra kare temAM eka yA vadhu doSa kare to anya zuM karavuM e jaNAvyuM che. trIjAmAM sAdhuone sAthe laI tenA gaNI - mukhI banavAmAM zuM guNo jJAnacAritrAdi joIe te, temaja kone AcArya upAdhyAyAdi sAta padavI ApavI - na ApavI ghaTe te batAvyuM che. cothAmAM keTalA sAdhu sahita kevI rIte vihAra ke cAturmAsasthiti karavI ghaTe te che. pAMcamAmAM sAdhvIonI padavIo dhAraNa karanArI pravartinI Adie kevI rIte vihAra ke cAturmAsa sthiti karavI ghaTe vagere darzAvyuM che. chaThAmAM gocarI - bhikSA, sthaMDila, vasati kyAM ane kema karavI ghaTe yA na ghaTe te, temaja amuka skhalana mATenAM prAyazcitta jaNAvela che. sAtamAmAM bIjA samavAyamAMthI Avela sAdhvI mATe zuM karavuM temaja sAdhvIo mATenA niyama, svAdhyAya, padavIdAna, gRhasthAdinI AjJA laI amuka saMjogomAM vartavuM vagere che. AThamAmAM gRhasthanA makAnano keTalo bhAga vAparavo, temane tyAMthI pATa, pATalA kevI rIte keTalAM laI AvavAM, pAtrAdi upakaraNo keTalAM khape, bhojana keTaluM karavuM e batAvyuM che. navamAmAM zayyAtara (makAnane vAparavA denA2)no adhikAra che. tenuM kevuM makAna vAparavuM, na vAparavuM, bhikSu pratimAomAM kevuM vartana ArAdhaka thAya vagere jaNAvyuM che. dazamAmAM be prakAranI pratimA (abhigraha), be jAtanA pariSaha, pAMca prakAranA vyavahAra, cAra jAtanA puruSa (sAdhu), cAra jAtanA AcArya ne ziSya, sthaviranI tathA ziSyanI traNa traNa bhUmikAo, amuka amuka Agamo kyAre zIkhavavAM vagere nirUpyuM che. 17 (4) dazAzrutaskaMdha : AmAM daza adhyayana che. pahelAmAM puruSa potAnI prakRtithI pratikUla AcaraNa karavAthI asamAdhinuM kAraNa thAya che. te pramANe muni potAnA saMyamathI pratikUla AcaraNa karavAthI saMyamamAM asamAdhi meLave che. tethI asamAdhinAM 20 sthAno ahIM che. bIjAmAM sAdhune cAritramAM azakti lAvanAra 21 sabala doSanuM nirUpaNa che. trIjAmAM gurunI 33 AzAtanA, cothAmAM AcAryanI ATha saMpadA ne tenA bheda, ziSya mATe cAra prakAranA vinayanI pravRtti ane tenA bheda, pAMcamAmAM cittasamAdhinAM daza sthAna, chaThThAmAM zrAvakanI 11 pratimAnuM vivaraNa ane sAtamAmAM bhikSu-pratimA jaNAvela che. AThamuM vIra prabhunAM cyavana, janma, saMharaNa, dIkSA, kevalajJAna ne mokSa kyAre thayAM te saMbaMdhInuM paryuSaNAkalpa che, ke je paryuSaNa vakhate sAdhuo hAla vyAkhyAnamAM vAMce che ne tenuM TUMkuM nAma kalpasUtra che. te A dazAzrutaskaMdhanuM 8muM adhyayana che. navamAmAM mahAmohanIya karmabaMdhanAM 30 sthAna ane dazamAmAM nava nidAno (niyANAM) jaNAvyAM che.

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18 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto (5) paMcakalpa : hAla mULarUpe upalabdha nathI. (6) mahAnizItha : A mULa naSTa thayuM hatuM ane teno uddhAra hirabhadrasUrie karyo hato. temAM AlocanA ane prAyazcitta che. karmano siddhAMta vratabhaMgathI ne khAsa karI cothA brahmacaryavratanA bhaMgathI keTalAM duHkha paDe che te batAvI siddha karyo che. sArAnaThArA sAdhuonA AcAra saMbaMdhI kaheluM che temaja kamalaprabha AdinI kathAo che. vinTaraniTsa jaNAve che te pramANe temAM tAMtrika kathano, Agama nahi evA graMtho vagereno ullekha che tethI te, pachIno graMtha hoya ema jaNAya che. daza prakIrNaka (payA) A prakIrNaka graMtho racanApaddhatimAM vedanAM pariziSTone maLatAM Ave che. te paghabaddha che. (1) catuH zaraNa : cAranuM zaraNa levAthI duSkRtanI niMdA ane sukRtanI anumodanA thAya che; ne te zaraNa kuzalahetu che te cAra zaraNa eTale 1. arhato 2. siddho 3. sAdhuo ane 4. dharma. te cAranuM ravarUpa paNa batAvAyuM che. AnI kula 63 gAthA che. AnuM bIjuM nAma kuzalAnubaMdhi che. (2) AturapratyAkhyAna : bAlamaraNa, bAlapaMDitamaraNa ane paMDitamaraNa kenAM thAya che te samajAvyuM che. pachI paMDite Atura rogAvasthAmAM zenAM zenAM pratyAkhyAna levAM - zuM zuM vosarAvavuM - tajavuM, zuM zuM bhAvanA bhAvavI, sarva jIvane khamAvavA vagere temaja uttama maraNa kevI rIte thAya te samajAvyuM che. (3) bhaktaparijJA : abhyudyata / maraNathI ArAdhanA thAya che. te maraNa bhaktaparijJA, iMginI ane pAdapopagamana ema traNa prakAranuM che. bhaktaparijJA maraNa savicAra ane avicAra ema be prakAranuM che. saMsAranI nirguNatA pichAnI pazcAttApapUrvaka sarvadoSa tajI AlocanA laI meM saMsAramAM ghaNuM bhogavyuM vagereno vicAra karavApUrvaka bhaktaparijJA maraNanI anazananI vidhi ne bhAvanA AcaravAnuM AmAM jaNAvyuM che. AmAM 172 gAthA che. (4) saMstAraka : maraNa thayA pahelAM 'saMthAge' karavAmAM Ave che tenA mahimAnuM AmAM kathana che. eka sthaLe eka ja Asana rAkhI te saMstAraka para rahI anazana levAmAM Ave che tenAM dRSTAMto Apela che. AmAM 123 gAthA che. - bhAta (5) taMdulavaicArika : ekaso varSanA AyuSavALo puruSa pratidina taMdula khAya tenI saMkhyAnA vicAranA upalakSaNathI A nAma paDeluM che. jeTalA divaso, jeTalI rAtrI, jeTalA muhUrto, jeTalA ucchvAsa garbhamAM vasatA jIvonA thAya te kahI tenI AhAravidhi, garbhAvasthA, zarIrotpAdahetu, joDakA varNana, saMhananasaMsthAna, taMdulagaNanA vagere jaNAvela che. gAthA 139 ne thoDuMka gadya che. (6) caMdravedhyaka : rAdhAvedhanuM varNana che. rAdhAvedhanA udAharaNathI AtmAe kevuM ekAgra dhyAna karavuM joIe te batAvI, tethI mokSa prApta thAya ema kahyuM che. A aprakaTa che.

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upalabdha zrata-sAhitya : daza prakIrNaka (pannA) 19 (7) devendrastava : devendra AvIne vIraprabhunI stuti kare che. devendra 3ra che. te 3ranuM svarUpa, tenA peTAdevatAo, caMdra, sUrya, graha, nakSatrAdinAM nAma, vAsa, sthiti, bhavana, parigraha vagere kathana che. gAthA 307 che. (8) gaNividyA : temAM jyotiSanuM kathana che. temAM balAbalavidhi, divasa, tithi, nakSatra, karaNa, grahadivasa, muhUrta, zakuna, lagna ane nimitta e nava balo, e darekamAM amukamAM zuM zuM karavuM ghaTe e batAvyuM che. 82 gAthA che. (9) mahApratyAkhyAna : moTA pratyAkhyAna karavAnuM svarUpa che. je pApo - doSo thayA hoya te saMbhArI saMbhArI teno tyAga karavo - bhAvazalya kADhI nAkhavuM, paMDitamaraNa mATe samAdhi thAya tevI Atmasthiti jAgrata karI sarva asatu pravRttine tajavI, duHkhamaya saMsAra pratye virAga rAkhavo vagere svarUpa batAvyuM che. AnI 142 gAthA che. (10) vIrastava : AmAM zrI vIraprabhunI stuti hovI joIe. apragaTa che. A rIte 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 6 chedasUtra, 4 mUlasUtra, 2 sUtra nAme naMdI tathA anuyogadvAra ane 10 payatrA (prakIrNaka) ema kula maLI 45 Agama jaina zvetAmbara mUrtipUjako mAne che." koI hAla maLI AvatAM sUtronI gaNanA 84nI kare che. te A pramANe : 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 5 chedasUtra, 3 mUlasUtra (cothA mUlasUtrane niryuktimAM gaNatAM), 1 naMdIsUtra, 1 anuyogadvAra, 8 chUTaka (1. paryuSaNAkalpa. Arya bhadrabAhukRta dazAzrutaskaMdhanA AThamA adhyayanarUpe che. te paryuSaNa parva para alaga vaMcAya che ne tene sAmAnya rIte kalpasUtra' kahevAmAM Ave che. tenuM pramANa 1200 zlokathI kaMIka adhika hovAthI bArasA sUtra' tarIke paNa tene oLakhavAmAM Ave che. AmAM traNa bhAga che. 1. jinacarita. temAM vadhu bhAga zrI vardhamAna - mahAvIranuM carita che. 2. therAvali. temAM sthavironI paraMparA che. 3. sAmAcArI. daMtakathA evI che ke devarkiMgaNie jinacarita, therAvalI ne sAmAcArI kalpasUtranA mULa AgamamAM nahotI te umerI che. 2. chatakalpasUtra. AnA kartA jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa che. A sUtra jena zramaNonA AcAraviSayaka che. temAM 19 prakAranA prAyazcittanuM vidhAna karavAmAM AvyuM che. 3. yatijItakalpa 4. zrAddhajItakalpa. A be anukrame somaprabhasUri ane dharmaghoSasUrie yatio ane zrAvakonA AcArarUpe saMkalita karela che. 5. pAkSikasUtra. temAM pAkSika divase karavAnA pratikramaNanI vigata ApI che. 6. kSAmaNAsUtra. Ane pAkSikakSAmaNA sUtra paNa kahe che. e sUtra pAkSika sUtranA prAMte AvatuM hovAthI tenI sAthe ja gaNAya che. chatAM koI koI sthaLe alaga paNa upalabdha thAya che. 7. vaMditta sUtra. te zrAddha 1. zvetAmbara amUrtipUjako - sthAnakavAsI jaino te paikInA 3ra ane te vaLI keTalAka pATho rahita temaja keTaleka sthaLe arthabhedathI mAne che. te A cheH 11 aMga ane 12 upAMga maLI 23, 24. nizitha 25. bRhatkalpa 26. vyavahAra 27. dazAzrutasUtra (24thI 27 e cAra chedasUtro), 28. anuyogadvAra 29. naMdIsUtra 30. dazavaikAlika 31. uttarAdhyayana (28thI 31 e cAra mUlasUtra) 32. Avazyaka. digaMbaro to A zvetAMbaroe mAnelAM sUtronuM mAnatA ja nathI.

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20 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto pratikramaNa che. 8. SibhASita. temAM 4pa adhyayana athavA bhASita che.), 3) pannA (10 payatrA agAu jaNAvyAM che te uparAMta 20 payatrA : 1. ajIvakalpa 2. gacchAcAra 3. maraNasamAdhi 4. siddhaprAbhRta pa. tIrthodgAra 6. ArAdhanApatAkA 9. dvIpasAgara prajJapti 8. jyotiSkaraMDa 9. aMgavidyA 10. tithiprakIrNaka 11. piMDavizuddhi 12. sArAvali 13. paryatArAdhanA 14. jIvavibhakti 15. kavaca prakaraNa 16. yoniprAbhRta 17. aMgacUliyA 18. vagacUliyA 19. vRddhacatuHzaraNa 20. jaMbUpayatrA), 12 niyuktio (1. bhadrabAhukata Avazyaka niryukti 2. dazavaikAlika niryukti 3. uttarAdhyayana niryukti 4. AcArAMga niryukti. 5. sUtrakRtAMga niryukti 6. sUryaprajJapti niryukti 7. bRhatkalpa niryukti 8. vyavahAra niyukti 9. dazAzrutaskaMdha niryukti 10. RSibhASita niryukti (upalabdha nathI) 11. piMDaniryukti 12. saMsakta niryukti), 1 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya - ema maLI kula 84 Agamo thAya che. AgamonI bhASA : A AgamonI bhASA prAkRta che jene ArSa athavA ardhamAgadhI kahevAmAM Ave che. A bhASAmAM khuda mahAvIre upadeza karyo haze. A chatAM gadyanI bhASA ane padyanI bhASA vacce aMtara che. padyanI bhASA boddha siddhAntanI pAli gAthAonI peThe ati prAcIna rUpo batAve che. jUnAmAM jUnI bhASA AcArAMgasUtramAM che. te pachI sUtrakRtAMga sUtramAM ane uttarAdhyayanamAM che. A AgamasUtro zrI mahAvIranA gaNadhara sudharmAsvAmI Adie gUMcyAM hatAM. te uparAMta ema kahevAya che ke zrI mahAvIranA hastadIkSita ziSya vIrabhadragaNie "Atura pratyAkhyAna' (Aura paccakhANa), "catuH zaraNa' (causaraNa) Adi (vi.saM.pUrve 470 lagabhaga) racyAM. zrI mahAvIra pachI traNa kevalI" AcAryo thayA. 1. gautama indrabhUti 2. sudharmAsvAmI tathA 3. temanA ziSya vaizyazreSThIputra jaMbUsvAmI. jaMbUsvAmInA ziSya kSatriya prabhavanA brAhmaNaziSya zaabhavasUri (janma vIrAt 36, svarga. vIrAtu 98) thayA. temaNe potAnA putra- ziSya manakamuni mATe cauda pUrvamAMthI uddhAra karI dazavaikAlika sUtra racyuM hatuM. (vIrA 72 lagabhaga). vikAlathI nivRtta te vaikAlika, ane temAM daza adhyayana che tethI dazavaikAlika. dazavaikAlikakAra zayyabhavanA ziSya yazobhadranA be brAhmaNaziSya nAme saMbhUtivijaya ane bhadrabAhu thayA. bhadrabAhusvAmI Arya bhadrabAhu 14 pUrvadhara hatA. temaNe daza Agamo para TIkA rUpe temaja 'pUrvanA AdhAre Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, dazAzrutaskaMdha, kalpa, vyavahAra, sUryaprajJapti ane RSibhASito para niryuktio racI. niryukti eTale jemAMthI baddha thayelA artho niryukta - vizeSapaNe yA nizcayapaNe yukta - siddha thAya che te. A paikI vyavahArasUtra, dazAzrutaskaMdha tathA bRhatu kalpa pote gUMthela che ne te para pote niryukti racI che. vizeSamAM temaNe piMDa-niyukti ane oghaniryukti

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pATaliputra pariSada / mAthurI vAcanA 21. racI. vaLI saMsakta niyukti paNa racI ema kahevAya che. 'uvasaggahara' nAmanuM prabhAvaka stotra racyuM. kahevAya che ke vasudeva carita mULa prAkRtamAM racyuM je savAlakSa zloka pramANa hatuM ema prasiddha hemAcAryanA guru devacaMdrasUri jaNAve che. vaLI jyotiSa para saMhitA racI. temaNe sthUlabhadrane 14 pUrvanI vAcanA ApI hatI. pote nepAlamAM dhyAna dharavA gayA hatA. temaNe dakSiNamAM vihAra karyo hato. ane caMdragupta rAjA (sva. vIrAt 155 pariziSTa parva pramANe)e temanA ziSya thaI sAdhu dIkSA lIdhI hatI ema digaMbarakathA kahe che. teo vIrAt 170mAM svargastha thayA. pATaliputra pariSada vIrAtu bIjI sadImAM naMdarAjAnA samayamAM - dezamAM magadhamAM ?) eka samaya uparAuparI bAra varSano mahAbhISaNa dukALa paDatAM saMghano nirvAha muzkela thatAM kaMThastha raheluM dharmasAhitya lupta thavAno bhaya thatAM, sukALa Avye magadhamAM - prAyaH pATaliputra (paTaNA)mAM saMgha bhego thayo ne je-je yAda hatuM te badhuM ekatrita karyuM. AnuM nAma magadha (pATaliputra) pariSada kahIe to cAle. AcArAMga Adi 11 aMgo saMdhAyAM ane bAramuM daSTivAda nAmanuM aMga nAza thayA jevuM lagabhaga hatuM, ane mAtra Arya bhadrabAhu ja te vakhate 14 pUrvadhara hatA. saMgha dRSTivAda nimitte kaMIka vicAra karavA lAgyo. bhadrabAhu A vakhate nepAla dezamAM mahAprANa nAmanA dhyAna mATe hatA. temanI pAse sthUlabhadra Adi sAdhuone 'pUrva zIkhavA saMghe mokalyA. sthUlabhadra mULa nAgara brAhmaNa, naMdanA maMtrI zaMkaDAlanA putra, ne vIrAtu 156mAM dIkSA lenAra, temaNe 10 pUrvanI mULa sUtra tathA arthasahita vAcanA lIdhI ne chevaTanA 4 pUrvanI mULa mAtra vAcanA lIdhI. A sarva zrI bhadrabAhunA svargagamana (vIrAt 170) pahelAM banyuM. A samayamAM sthUlabhadranAM sAdhvI bahena dvArA prApta thayelAM bhAvanA, vimukti, ratikalpa ane viviktacaryA - e nAmanAM cAra adhyayano paikI prathamanAM be adhyayanane AcArAMgasUtranI be cUlikA tarIke yojita karyA ane bIjAM be adhyayanane dazavaikAlikanI cUlikA tarIke yojita karyA. sthUlabhadra vIrAt 219mAM svargastha thayA. teo chellAmAM chellA 14 pUrvadhara (pUrva jANanAra) hatA. A uparathI jANI zakAya che ke zrI vIranA bIjA saikAthI ja zratanI chinnabhinnatAnI zarUAta thaI hatI. A magadhasaMghathI tene vyavasthAmAM mukAyuM, paNa vizeSa chinnabhinnatA thavAnA prasaMgo uttarottara AvatA gayA. vIrAtu 291 varSe rAjA saMpratinA rAjyamAM Arya suhastisUrinA samayamAM bAra varSano dukALa paDyo hato. AvA mahA karALa duSkALane aMge smRtibhraMza - skUlanA thAya, pAThaka -- vAcako mRtyu pAme vagere kAraNathI zrutamAM anavasthA thAya te svAbhAvika che. mAthurI vAcanA (mathurA pariSada) vizeSamAM vIranirvANathI chaThThA saikAmAM AryazrI audila ane vajasvAmInI nikaTanA samayamAM vaLI bIjo bhISaNa dukALa bAra varSano A deze pAra karyo. tenuM

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto varNana naMdIsUtranI pUrNimA ApeluM che ke "bAra varSano bhayaMkara duSkALa paDye sAdhuo atrane mATe judejude sthaLe hiMDatA - viharatA hovAthI zrutanuM grahaNa, guNana ane ciMtana na karI zakyA ethI te zruta vipranaSTa thayuM, ane jyAre pharIvAra sukALa thayo tyAre mathurAmAM zrI skaMdilAcArya pramukha saMghe moTo sAdhusamudAya bhego karI je jene sAMbharyuM te badhuM kAlika zruta saMgaThita karyuM." A duSkALe to mAMDamAMDa bacI rahela te zrutanI ghaNI vizeSa hAni karI. A uddhArane 'mAthurI vAcanA' kahevAmAM Ave che. te zUrasena dezanA pATanagara mathurAmAM thayela hovAthI te zrutamAM zaurasenI bhASAnuM mizraNa thayeluM saMbhave che. A samaya lagabhaga Arya rakSitasUrie anuyogadvAra sUtra racyuM. 22 valabhI vAcanA (valabhIpura pariSada) A vItyA pachI vIrAt dazamA saikAmAM bAra dukALIe deza upara potAno paMjo calAvyo ane te vakhate ghaNA bahuzrutonAM avasAna thavA sAthe je jIrNazIrNa zruta raheluM hatuM te paNa bahu ja chinnabhinna thayuM hatuM. vIrAt 980 varSe (vi.saM. 510), devardhi kSamAzramaNe valabhIpuramAM saMgha ekatrita karI je-je yAda hatuM te-te truTita-atruTita AgamanA pAThone anukrame potAnI buddhithI sAMkaLI pustakArUDha karyAM. lakhavAnuM ghaNuM ane sUtramAM vAraMvAra eka ja pAThanA AlApa (AlAvA) Ave tethI vAraMvAra lakhavAne badale jema bIjA amuka sUtramAM che tema, e rIte mUkavAmAM AvyuM. jemake vimAnano adhikAra Ave ne te bIjA sUtramAM hoya to nahA rAya vaseLI! - jema rAyapaseNImAM che tema, AdhAra TAMkavAnuM rAkhyuM. AthI aMganI bhalAmaNa upAMgamAM ane upAMganI aMgamAM ApI che. AnuM nAma valabhIvAcanA kahevAya che. A uddhAra vakhate devavAcake naMdIsUtra racyuM che temAM sUtraAgamonAM nAmo ApyAM che ne te ja vakhate saMkalita thayela samavAyAMgamAM paNa te nAmo ApyAM che. - 1 umA svAti zrI umA svAti (koI umA svAmI kahe che) vAcake saMskRtamAM samasta jaina darzana tattvajJAnanA saMdohanarUpa 'tattvArthAdhigama' sUtra racyuM. A zrImAnane zvetAmbara ane digambara baMne saMpradAyo potapotAnA AmnAyanA mAne che. te sUtra 52nuM bhASya temaNe ja racyuM ema kahevAya che. te svopajJa bhASyanI prazasti parathI jaNAya che ke teo ucca nAgarI zAkhAnA hatA. nyagrodhikA gAmamAM janmyA hatA. temaNe potAno A gaMbhIra graMtha kusumapura (pATaliputra - hAlanuM paTaNA)mAM racyo. temano samaya anizcita che. pote je ucca nAgarI zAkhAnA hovAnuM bhASyamAM jaNAve che te nAmanI zAkhA Arya dinnasUrinA ziSya zAMti zreNikanA samayamAM nIkaLI (kalpasUtra therAvalI). Arya ditra vIrAt 421mAM thayAno ullekha che tethI ukta zAkhA te pachI thayela hovAthI umA svAti tenI pahelAM thayelA na saMbhave. tethI saheje vikrama [1. ahIM sudhInuM lakhANa jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa'nA vibhAga 1mAMthI uddhRta karIne, goThavaNIkramanA temaja zAbdika jUja pheraphAra sAthe TUMkAvIne mUkyuM che. saM

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pAdaliptasUri 23 saMvatanA prAraMbha pachI lagabhaga temane mukAya. paraMtu anyatra - prajJApanA TIkAmAM ema jaNAveluM cheke "zrI Arya mahAgirinA be ziSyo - yamalabhrAtA bahula ane baliSaha thayA. temAM baliSahanA ziSya tattvArthAdi graMthakAra umAsvAti vAcaka thayA; tenA ziSya zyAmA prajJApanAnA karanAra zrI vIrAtu 376mAM divaMgata thayA, tenA ziSya skaMdila jItamaryAdanA karanAra thayA." jo A mAnIe to umAsvAti vIrAt 376nI pahelAM thayelA saMbhave. A tattvArthAdhigama sUtramAM daza adhyAya che. pahelAmAM mokSamArgamAM sAdhanarUpa samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra e ratnapatra batAvI tenI prAptinAM sAdhana tarIke 7 tattvo, 4 nikSepa, pramANa, naya, nirdeza ane anuyogadvAra batAvI, jJAna, ajJAna ane nayanuM svarUpa batAve che. bIjAmAM adhyavasAyo, tenA bheda ane lakSaNa, Idriyo, gati, yoni, zarIra ane AyuSya Adi spaSTa karela che. trIjAmAM nArakabhUmi, tyAMnA jIvonI dazA, manuSya kSetra temaja manuSya ane tiryaMcano adhikAra che. cothAmAM devano adhikAra tathA judAjudA jIvonA AyuSyanuM varNana che. A cAra adhyAyamAM jIvasvarUpa batAvI pAMcamAmAM ajIva, tenA bhedo, dravyanI vyAkhyA, lakSaNa AdinuM svarUpa che. chaThThAmAM yoga batAvI ATha karmanA pariNAmanuM citra doryuM che. sAtamAmAM paMca mahAvrata, tenI bhAvanA, bAra aNuvrata, tenA aticAra spaSTa karI be prakAranA dharma (gRhastha ane tyAga)nuM svarUpa samajAvyuM che. AThamA adhyAyamAM baMdhatattvanI ATha karmonI kamaprakRtionI, tenA vipAkanI ane pradezabaMdhanI carcA karI che. navamAmAM saMvara ane nirjarA saMbaMdhI kahetAM traNa gupti, pAMca samiti, daza prakArano tyAgadharma, bAra bhAvanA, bAvIsa pariSaha batAvavA uparAMta pAMca prakAranAM cAritra ane bAra prakAranA tapanuM svarUpa kahI pAMca prakAranA nigraMthanuM varNana karela che. dazamAmAM mokSatattva - kevalajJAnaprAptithI zarU thatI dazA sUcavI sarva karmanA kSayarUpa mokSadazA batAvI che. A tattvArthasUtra para aneka TIkAo racAI che, ane te vAta te tattvajJAnano AkaragraMtha che ema siddha kare che. umAsvAtie pAMcaso prakaraNa racyAM hatAM temAM ukta sUtra uparAMta prazamarati, zrAvakaprajJapti, pUjA prakaraNa, jaMbUdIpa samAsa prakaraNa, kSetravicAra Adi upalabdha graMtho samAya che. pAdaliptasUri vikrama (zakAri) ujjayinInI gAdIe Avyo. teno saMvata vIrAt 470thI cAlyo gaNAya che. tenA samaya lagabhaga Arya maMgu, vRddhavAdI, siddhasena divAkara ane pAdaliptasUri thayAnI paraMparA che. pAdalipta taraMgavatI nAmanI abhuta suMdara kathA prAkRtamAM racI temaja jaina, nityakarma, jaina dIkSA, pratiSThApaddhati tathA zilpa para nirvANalikA nAmanI saMskRtamAM pustikA racI. pAdalipta yA pAlitta kavi gAthAsattasaInA saMgrAhaka prasiddha mahArASTrIya kavi nRpati sAtavAhana yA hAlanA samakAlIna jainAcArya hatA. te pAdaliptasUrinA nAma parathI hAlanuM pAlItANA sthapAyuM che ema prAcIna

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24 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto graMthomAM ullekho che. vaLI pAdaliptasUrie jyotiSkaraMDaka (pannA) para (mUla) prAkRta TIkA racI hatI ema malayagirinI te payatrA paranI TIkAmAM ullekha che. siddhasena divAkara siddhasena divAkara mahAtArkika ane nyAyanA paMDita thayA. mULa te brAhmaNa hatA. evo pravAda che ke temaNe sarva prAkRta sUtronuM (aMgonuM) bhASAMtara saMskRta bhASAmAM karavA mATe vicAra karyo. A vicAra saMghane temaja temanA guru vRddhavAdIne saMmata na thayo ane lokabhASAmAMthI paMDitonI saMskRta bhASAmAM sUtrone avatAravAnA vicAra mATe temane saMgha bahAra'nI zikSA thaI.....A siddhasena eTalA badhA prakhara vidvAna hatA ke temaNe jaina sAhityamAM eka navo yuga phelAvyo ema kahevAmAM jarA paNa atizayokti nathI...vikramanAM "navaratno" paikI "kSapaNaka' e siddhasena hovA ghaTe ema DaoN. satIzacaMdra kahe che. ...temaNe sauthI pahelAM "nyAyAvatAra' nAmanA tarkaprakaraNanI saMskRtamAM racanA karIne jaina pramANano pAyo sthira karyo. A graMthe jaina tarkaparibhASAnuM je prasthAna karyuM te atyAra sudhI akhaMDita che, tethI ja enA praNetA siddhasena jaina tarkazAstranA prasthApaka vizeSamAM "sanmatitarkaprakaraNa" nAmanA mahAtaka graMthane prAkRtamAM AryA chaMdamAM racI "nayavAdanuM mUla daDha karI anekAntavAdanuM sthApana karyuM. e traNa kAMDamAM vibhakta che. pahelA kAMDamAM mAtra naya (daSTibiMdu) saMbaMdhI nirUpaNa karyuM che. bIjAmAM pAMca jJAnane lagatI carcA che. ane trIjA kAMDamAM zeyatattvanuM nirUpaNa che. ema kahevAya che ke siddhasene batrIza dvArniMzikA (batrIzI)o saMskRtamAM racI hatI. A batrIza batrIzImAM hAla nyAyAvatAra sahita 21 batrIzIo prApta thAya che. AmAMnI ghaNI batrIzIomAM mukhyataH ahaMnmahAvIranI aneka prakAre stavanA karavAmAM AvI che tethI tene "stutio" kahevAmAM Ave che. A batrIzIomAM pasaMda karAyela vividha chaMdo - anupa, upajAti, vasaMtatilakA, vaitAlIya, pRthvI, zikhariNI, hariNI, maMdAkrAntA, puSpitA, vaMzastha, AryA, zAlinI - no upayoga dArzanika jaina sAhityamAM sarvathI prathama che. temaNe kalyANamaMdirathI zarU thatuM pArzvanAtha stavana saMskRtamAM racyuM malavAdI kRta "nayacakra' "nayacakramAM tenA nAma pramANe mukhya viSaya "nayano che. "sanmatitarkaprakaraNa" mULa prAkRtamAM che, "nayacakra' saMskRtamAM che. "sanmati..." para abhayadevasUrinI saMskRta TIkA che, jyAre "nayacakra para saMskRta TIkA zrI siMha kSamAzramaNanI racelI che. "sanmatitarka mULa upalabdha che jyAre "nayacakra' mULa upalabdha nathI, mAtra tenI TIkA sulabha che. A AcAryuM "nayacakra' uparAMta "sanmatitarkavRtti' racelI jaNAya che. emano samaya "prabhAvaka caritrakAra vi.saM.414no Ape che. paraMtu nyAyabiMdu-TIkAkAra dharmottarano samaya pAzcAtya vidvAno vikramanI sAtamI sadImAM mUke che te gaNatarIe A dharmottara

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jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa / haribhadrasUri TippanakAra te pachInA samayamAM vidyamAna saMbhave. jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa jaina paTTAvalIonA AdhAre vIrAt 114 (vi.saM.645)mAM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa thayA. e to cokkasa che ke haribhadrasUri pahelAM teo thayA; kAraNake harabhadrasUri temano ullekha kare che. temaNe racelA graMtho vizeSAvazyaka bhASya mUla ane TIkA, bRhatsaMgrahiNI 400thI 500 gAthA, bRhatsetrasamAsa, vizeSaNavatI 400 gAthAno prakaraNa graMtha ane jItakalpasUtra ke jemAM jaina sAdhunA 10 prakAranA prAyazcittanuM vidhAna che. vaLI dhyAnazataka racyuM che ke je vizeSAvazyaka bhASyamAM aMtargata che. temanI 'bhASyakAra' tarIkenI jabarI khyAti che. temaNe vizeSAvazyaka bhASyamAM vAsavadattA ane taraMgavatI kathAno ullekha karyo che. A bhASyagrantha jaina pravacanamAM eka mukuTamaNi samAna lekhAya che ane tethI bhASyakAra jinabhadragaNi jaina zAstrakAromAM agraNI manAya che....jaina AgamonA saMpradAyagata rahasya ane arthanA, potAnA samayamAM advitIya jJAtA tarIke e AcArya sarvasammata gaNAtA hatA; ane tethI emane yugapradhAna' evuM mahattvanuM upapada maLeluM hatuM. haribhadrasUri haribhadrasUri jaina dharmanA zvetAmbara saMpradAyamAM bahu prasiddha ane mahAvidvAna thayA che. temaNe saMskRta ane prAkRta bhASAmAM dharmavicAra ane dArzanika viSayanA aneka uttamottama tathA gaMbhIra tattvapratipAdaka graMtho racyA che. A graMthomAM sAMkhya, yoga, nyAya, vaizeSika, advaita, cArvAka, bauddha, jaina Adi sarve darzano ane matonI temaNe aneka rIte AlocanA-pratyAlocanA karI che. A prakAre bhinnabhinna matonA siddhAMtonI vivecanA karatI vakhate potAnA virodhI matavALA vicArakono paNa gauravapUrvaka nAmollekha karanArA ane samabhAvapUrvaka mRdu tathA madhura zabdothI vicAramImAMsA karanArA AvA je koI vidvAna bhAratIya sAhityanA itihAsamAM ullekha karavA yogya hoya to temAM zrI hirabhadranuM nAma sauthI prathama mUkavA yogya che. jaina itihAsamAM A AcAryanuM sthAna ati mahattvanuM che. jaina dharmanA jemAM mukhyapaNe zvetAMbara saMpradAyanA uttarakAlIna (Adhunika) svarUpanA saMgaThanakAryamAM temanA jIvane ghaNo moTo bhAga lIdho che. uttarakAlIna jaina sAhityanA itihAsamAM teo prathama lekhaka gaNAya che, ane jaina samAjanA itihAsamAM navIna saMgaThananA eka pradhAna vyavasthApaka kahevA yogya che. A rIte teo jainadharmanA pUrvakAlIna ane uttarakAlIna itihAsanA madhyavartI sImAsthaMbha samAna che. pUrvathI cAlI AvelI mAnyatA pramANe saM.530 yA saM.585 AsapAsa haribhadrasUri svargastha thayA, paNa zrI jinavijaye temano samaya aneka pramANothI aitihAsika AlocanA karI vi.saM.757thI 857no sthira karyo che.

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26 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto temaNe 1400 prakaraNa graMtho lakhelA kahevAya che te temanI kRtionAM je judAMjudAM prakaraNo che teno saravALo lAge che. game tema ho, paraMtu vartamAnamAM upalabdha thatA graMthomAM vizeSa prasiddha, pratiSThita ane prauDha graMthonAM nAma A che : 1. anekAntavAdapraveza 2. anekAntajayapatAkA svopajJa sahita 3. anuyogadvArasUtravRtti 4. aSTaprakaraNo 5. Avazyaka sUtra bRhadghatti 6. upadezapada prakaraNa 7. dazavaikAlikasUtravRtti. 8. (bauddhacAya) diDUnAgakRta nyAyapravezasUtra para vRtti. 9. dharmabindu prakaraNa 10. dharmasaMgrahaNI prakaraNa 11. nandI sUtra laghuvRtti 12. paMcAzaka prakaraNo 13. paMcavastu prakaraNa TIkA 14. paMcasUtra prakaraNaTIkA 1. prajJApanA sUtra pradeza vyAkhyA 16. yogadaSTisamuccaya 17. yogabindu 18. lalitavistarA 19. lokatattvanirNaya 20. viMzati viMzatikA prakaraNa 21. SaDradarzana samuccaya 22. zAstravArtA samuccaya svakRta vyAkhyA sahita 23. zrAvaka prajJapti -- zrAvaka dharmavidhi 24. samarAIkahA (samarAditya kathA) 25. sodha prakaraNa 26. sambodhasatatikA prakaraNa. A graMthomAMthI temanA saMbaMdhI eTalI hakIkata maLe che ke potAno saMpradAya zvetAMbara hato, gacchanuM nAma vidyAdhara, gacchapati AcAryanuM nAma jinabhaTa, dIkSAgurunuM nAma jinadatta ane dharmajananI sAdhvInuM nAma yAkinI mahattarA hatuM. jaina dharmanAM pavitra pustaka ke jene Agama kahevAmAM Ave che te prAkRta bhASAmAM hovAthI vidvAno temaja alpabuddhivALA manuSyone paNa subodhaka thAya te mATe A sUrie saMskRta TIkAo racI. A samaya sudhI prAkRta bhASAmAM cUrNio lakhAtI hatI. vartamAnamAM AnI pUrve koI paNa saMskRta TIkA koI paNa sUtra paranI maLatI nathI. haribhadrasUri e jaina zvetAMbara sAhityamAM eka yugakAra che. temanI bahuzrutatA, sarvatomukhI pratibhA, madhyasthatA ane samanvayazaktino paricaya temanA graMtho parathI yathArtha rIte thAya che. temanI zatamukhI pratibhAno strota temanA racelA cAra anuyoga viSayaka graMthomAM ja nahi, balka jene nyAya tathA bhAratavarSIya tatkAlIna samagra dArzanika siddhAMtonI carcAvALA graMthomAM paNa vahelo che. ATaluM kahIne paNa temanI pratibhA mauna thaI nahi; temaNe yogamArgamAM eka evI dizA batAvI ke je kevala jaina yogasAhityamAM eka navIna vastu che. jaina zAstramAM AdhyAtmika vikAsanA kramanuM prAcIna varNana cauda guNasthAnarUpe, cAra dhyAnarUpe ane bahirAtma Adi traNa avasthAo rUpe maLe che. haribhadrasUrie te AdhyAtmika vikAsanA kramanuM yogarUpa varNana karyuM che. vaLI temAM temaNe je zelI rAkhI che te atyAra sudhInA upalabdha yogaviSayaka sAhityamAMnA koIpaNa graMthamAM jovAmAM Avela nathI. teo potAnA graMthomAM aneka yogIono nAmanirdeza kare che, ane vaLI yogaviSayaka graMthono ullekha kare che ke je hamaNAM prApta ja nathI. saMbhava che ke A aprApya graMthomAM temanA varNana jevI zailI rahI hoya, paraMtu hamaNAM to A varNanazailI ane yogaviSayaka vastu taddana apUrva che. haribhadrasUri mahAna siddhAMtakAra ane dArzanika vicAraka to hatA ja paNa te uparAMta mahAnuM kavi paNa hatA ema jaina paraMparA jaNAve che...kathAkoSa, dhUkhyAna,

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haribhadrasUri 27 mUnimaticaritra, yazodharacaritra, vIrAMgadakathA, ane samarAdityakathA - ATalI kathAsAhityanI kRtio emanA nAme noMdhelI dekhAya che, paNa temAM mAtra dhUrtAkhyAna, ane samarAdityakathA e be ja kRtio atyAre upalabdha che, ane e nirvivAdarUpe emanI ja banAvelI che ema mAnI zakAya che. "samarAIkahA' e haribhadrasUrinI kavikalpanAnI pratyakSa pratimA che. prazamaraprapUrNa evI eka uttama kathA tarIke enI prazaMsA pAchaLanA ghaNA vidvAnoe karI che. Ane ghaNA rasapUrvaka vAMcatA ane zrAvako bhAvapUrvaka sAMbhaLatA. e graMthanI prato lakhAvI sAdhuone arpaNa karavAmAM bahu puNya mAnavAmAM AvatuM.' (jinavijaya) jaiina zvetAmbara sAhityamAM yugakAra samA AcArya zrI haribhadrasUrie je graMtho racyA tenI sAthe jaina mata eka prakAranI paripUrNatA prApta kare che.] [1. umAsvAtithI haribhadrasUri sudhInuM A lakhANa "jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa'nA vibhAga 2 mAMthI uddhata karIne zAbdika jUja pheraphAra sAthe TUMkAvIne mUkyuM che. saM.]

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vibhAga-2 : zrI mahAvIrano samaya ane dharmapravartaka tarIke mahAvIra Spencer The great man is the product of his age zrIman mahAvIrane dharmapravartaka tarIke varNavIe te pahelAM nivedana karavAnuM ke dharmapravartaka zabdathI tema mAnavAnuM nathI ke jaina dharmane temaNe navo ja pravartAvyo, eTale mahAvIra jainadharmanA sthApaka che ema vastutaH nathI, ane ema kahevAno ahIM bilakula Azaya nathI. jema dareka tIrthaMkara tIrthaM pravartAve che tema zrIman mahAvIre tIrthaMkara tarIke tIrtha dharma - zAsanane pravartAvela che, ane tethI temane dharmapravartaka tarIke kahevAmAM Avela che. dharmapravartakane kevA saMjogo, kevI muzkelIo vacce ane keTalA balathI kAma levuM paDe che, teno yathArtha khyAla AvavA mATe temanA samayanI sarva jAtanI dezaparisthiti oLakhavAnI pUrNa apekSA rahe che; to ApaNe mahAvIrane dharmapravartaka tarIke oLakhIe te pahelAM temanA samayanI bhArata dezanI rAjakIya, bhaugolika, sAmAjika, ane dhArmika sthiti avalokIe, ane tyArapachI mahAvIranuM dharmapravartana ane temanA dharmapravartaka tarIkenA thoDA uttama guNo avagAhIe. AthI A prakaraNane 7 bhAgamAM vaheMcIzuM. 1. bhAratanI rAjakIya sthiti - rAjAo. 2. bhAratanAM bhinnabhinna dezo. 3. bhAratanI sAmAjika sthiti. 4. bhAratanI dharmabhAvanA. 5. mahAvIrano prAdurbhAva. 6. dharmapravartaka tarIke mahAvIra. 7. mahAvIranuM jIvana. 1. bhAratanI rAjakIya sthiti rAjAo mahAvIranA samayamAM keTalA rAjA mahAvIranA bhakta hatA tenAM nAma prathama kahI jaIe. 1. rAjagRhanA rAjA zreNika ke jenuM bIjuM nAma baMbhasAra hatuM. 2, caMpAnA rAjA ukta baMbhasAranA putra azokacaMdra ke jenuM bIjuM nAma koNika prasiddha hatuM. 3. vaizAlI nagarIno rAjA ceTaka, 4-12. kAzI dezanA malika (prA. mallaI) jAtinA rAjA, ane 13-21. kozala dezanA nava locchika jAtinA rAjA, 22. pulAsapurano vijaya nAmano rAjA, 23. amala kalpA nagarIno zveta nAmaka rAjA, 24. vItabhayapaTTanano udAyana rAjA, 25. kauzAMbIno zatAnIka ane pachI gAdIe Avela teno putra udayana-vatsarAja, 26. kSatriyakuMDagrAma nagaranA naMdivardhvana rAjA, 27. ujjayanano caMDapradyota rAjA, 28. himAlaya parvatanI uttara tarapha Avela pRSTha caMpA nagarInA zAla mahAzAla be bhAI rAjA, 29. potanapurano prasannacaMdra rAjA, 30 hastizIrSa nagarano adInazatru rAjA, 31. RSabhapurano dhanAvaha nAmano rAjA, 32. vIrapura nagarano - -

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bhAratanI rAjakIya sthiti rAjAo 29 virakRSNa mitra nAmano rAjA, 33. vijayapurano vAsavadatta rAjA, 34. saugaMdhika nagarIno apratihata nAmano rAjA, 35. kanakapurano priyacaMdrarAjA, 36. mahApurano bala nAmano rAjA. 37. sughoSa nagarano arjuna rAjA, 38. caMpAno datta rAjA, 39. sAketapurano mitranaMdI rAjA, 40. kAzInagarano jItazatru nAmano rAjA ItyAdi anya paNa keTalAka rAjA zrI mahAvIranA bhakta hatA. A sarva rAjAonAM nAma aMgaupAMga zAstramAM lakhyAM che. (juo AtmArAmajIkRta jaina dharma viSayaka praznottara tathA mahAvIracaritra - hemacaMdrakRta) jainamAM upalA rAjAo mahAvIranA bhakta tarIke gaNAvelA che, paraMtu bauddhamAM paNa temAMnA badhA to nahIM paNa paraMtu keTalAka rAjAnA nAma bauddhamati tarIke jaNAvyAM che. tenuM kAraNa Ama hoI zake che ke pahelAM te rAjAoe buddhano upadeza sAMbhaLI bauddha mata mAnyo haze, pachI zrI mahAvIra bhagavaMtano upadeza sAMbhaLI jenadharmI teo thayA haze, kAraNake zrI mahAvIra bhagavAnathI 16 varSa pahelAM gautama buddhe kALa karyo che. arthAt gautama buddhanA maraNa pachI zrI mahAvIra svAmI kevalajJAnI tarIke 16 varSa sudhI vicaryA hatA ane temanA upadezathI keTalAka bauddha rAjAoe jenadharma aMgIkAra karyo che. AthI keTalAka rAjAonAM nAma bane matomAM lakhelAM mAlUma paDe che. keTalAka ema kahe che ke buddha pahelAM mahAvIra nirvANa pAmela che ane tevuM bauddha graMthamAMthI maLe che. A uparAMta bIjAM paNa ghaNAM rAjya ane rAjAo hatAM. te uparathI jaNAya che ke mahAvIra samayamAM koI cakravartI rAjya hatuM nahIM ke jenI ANa sarva rAjyo para cAle. AkhuM bhAratavarSa judAMjudAM rAjyomAM vaheMcAI gayuM hatuM, koImAM rAjA sarva sattA bhogavatA, koImAM rAjA prajAnA agraNI puruSonI sahAya laI kaMI prajAsattAka svarUpamAM rAjya karato, paraMtu keTalAMka mahAn rAjayane AsapAsanAM rAjyo laI potAnuM vadhu vistAravALuM rAjya banAvavAne icchA thatI. - I.sa. pUrve chaThThA ane sAtamA saikAmAM bhAratavarSanI rAjakIya sthiti zuM hatI te jANavuM ghaNuM rasaprada ane upayogI hovA chatAM hajusudhI koI pAzcAtya ke pautya vidvAne vistArapUrvaka abhyAsa ane zodha karI te saMbaMdhI itihAsa lakhyo nathI e khedanI bInA che, tethI atyAre te vakhate rAjya ane rAjAo saMbaMdhI jena ane bauddhanA maLI zakatA alpa sAhityamAMthI je maLI Ave che te joIzuM. bauddha graMtho pramANe 4 mukhya rAjyo hatAM. 1. magadha rAjya - tenI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha (pAchaLathI pATaliputra) hatuM. temAM bimbisAra (jainamAM baMsAra athavA zreNika) prathama rAjya karato hato, ane pachI teno putra ajAtazatru (jenamAM azokacaMdra athavA kuNika) rAjya karato hato. A baMnene jaino potAnA dhamanuyAyI lekhe che. baMnenA saMbaMdhamAM puSkaLa itihAsa jaina graMtho Ape 1. buddhanA nirvANa saMbaMdhe ghaNo matabheda che. 2. 'Buddhist India' - Rhys-Davids

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30 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto 2. tenA vAyavya khUNAmAM kozala - uttara kozala rAjya hatuM ane tenI rAjadhAnI sAvatthI (zrAvastI) nagarI hatuM. temAM prathama parsanAdi rAjA ane pAchaLathI teno putra vidudAbha rAjya karato hato. jainamAM zrAvastI nagarImAM koNa rAjA hato te saMbaMdhI ullekha nathI. tenuM kAraNa e spaSTa jaNAya che ke teno rAjA bauddha hato, ane te bauddha graMthomAM yathArtha jaNAya che. 3. kozalanI dakSiNe vaMza athavA vatsonuM rAjya hatuM ane tenI rAjadhAnI jamanA nadI para Avela kosAMbI nagarI hatI. temAM paraMtapa (janamAM zatAnIka nAma Apela che) - teno putra rAjA udana (jainamAM udayana) rAjya karato hato. A pitA-putra baMnene jaina dharma pALatA jaina graMthomAM jovAmAM Ave che. 4. AthI paNa vadhu dakSiNa tarapha avaMtInuM rAjya hatuM ke jenI rAjadhAnI ujjayinI hatuM ane tenA rAjAnuM nAma pajjota (pradyota) hatuM. AnA saMbaMdhamAM jainagraMthomAMthI ghaNuM maLI Ave che. ane tene paNa jaina dharma tarapha zraddhAvALo lekhavAmAM Avela che. A cAre rAjyanA rAjAo sagAInA saMbaMdhathI joDAyA hatA ane ghaNI vakhata tethI ja ekabIjA sAthe yuddhamAM UtaryA hatA. bauddha graMtha pramANe pasenAdi rAjAnI bahena kozaladevIne magadhano rAjA bimbisAra paraNyo hato, jyAre bimbisAranA mithilAnI videha rANIthI thayela putra ajAtazatrue potAnA pitA bikhrisArane mArI nAMkhyo, tyAre kozaladevI zoka karatI maraNa pAmI hatI. rAjA panAdie kozaladevInI paherAmaNImAM kAzI Apela hatuM te khUMcavI lIdhuM. ajAtazatru AthI krodhita thaI potAnA te vRddha mAmA (sAvakI mAnA bhAI) sAme yuddhamAM Utaryo. pahelAM ajAtazatrunI jIta thaI, paNa cothI caDAImAM te kedI tarIke pakaDAyo ane jyAre teNe kAzI parathI hAtha uThAvI lIdho tyAre tene choDavAmAM Avyo. AthI parsanAdi rAjAe tene potAnI putrI vajirAne laganamAM ApI eTaluM ja nahIM, paNa teNInI paherAmaNI tarIke te ja kAzImAM Avela gAma ke jene mATe yuddha thayuM hatuM te ApyuM. traNa varSa pachI parsanAdinA putra vidudAbhe potAnA pitA sAme baLavo karyo. A vakhate pitA zAkiya rAjyamAM uluMbhA gAmamAM hato, te ajAtazatrunI madada mAgavA rAjagRha gayo paNa tyAM te mAMdo paDyo ane te zaheranA daravAjAnI bahAra maraNa pAmyo. pAchaLathI vidudAbha ane tenA banevI ajAtazatru pAsenAM prajAsattAka rAjyo sAthe eTale vidudAbha zAkiya sAthe ane ajAtazatru zAlInA vajjiya sAthe vigrahamAM UtaryA te have pachI joIzuM. (kozalanA rAjanagara sAvathI ke jyAM mahAvIre ghaNI vakhata vihAra karyo che tenA saMbaMdhamAM jainamAM kaMI jaNAvela nathI.) kosAMbIno udena ane avaMtIno pajjata ekabIjA sAthe sagAIthI joDAyA hatA. AnA saMbaMdhamAM paknotanI putrI vAsuladattA kozAbInA rAjA udenanI rANI athavA traNa rANImAMnI eka kaI rIte thaI e viSe eka lAMbI ane addabhuta vArtA bauddhanA dhammapada sUtranI 21-23 gAthA paranI TIkAmAM Apela che, jyAre tenI sAthe AbAda samAnatA dharAvatI paNa judA svarUpamAM jenomAM paNa e saMbaMdhI lAMbI ane abhuta vArtA ApelI che. to te ApaNe baMne tapAsIzuM.

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bhAratanI rAjakIya sthiti - rAjAo 31 bauddha pramANe - daMtakathA evI che ke pajjota (jeno krUra ane viSayalolupI svabhAva barAbara cItaravAmAM Avyo che) - teNe potAnA eka rAjabhRtyane pUchayuM ke mArA karatAM koI rAjA moTo che ke jenI kIrti mArA karatAM paNa vadhI jAya ?' AnA javAbamAM jyAre barAbara saralatAthI ema kahevAmAM AvyuM ke "kosAMbIno udena rAjA ApathI caDI jAya tyAre teNe tarata ja tenA para hallo karI tene jItI levAno nizcaya karyo. hallo karavA jatAM tene evI salAha maLI ke ughADI rIte jhapAjhapIthI yuddha karavA karatAM jhADImAM rahIne kAma levuM vadhAre yogya che. kAraNake udena suMdara hAthIne pakaDavAne game tyAM javA lalacAya tevo che tethI tene pakaDavAnuM kAma sarala thaze. AthI teNe kRtrima hAthI lAkaDAno banAvarAvyo ane tenA para suMdara raMga pUravAmAM AvyA. tenI aMdara potAnA 60 yoddhAone gupta rAkhavAmAM AvyA ane kauzAMbInI hadamAM eka khINamAM chUTo mUkyo. A vAta potAnA dUtothI udanane jaNAvavAmAM AvI ke pAsenA ja vanamAM eka evo vijayI hAthI Avyo che ke jenI joDI maLavI muzkela che. udena tene jItavA mATe lalacAI tenA zikAra mATe khINamAM gayo ane tema karatAM potAnA parivAra - sainyathI chUTo paDI gayo, ke tarata ja keda pakaDI levAmAM Avyo. have udena pAse hAthInA upara ajaba jAtano jAdu karI tene vaza karI levAnI kaLA hatI. te jo kaLA zIkhave to paknote tene jIvato choDI mUkavAnuM vacana ApyuM. udane uttaramAM kahyuM "bahu sAruM, jo tame mane zikSaka tarIke praNAma karo to huM tamane zIkhavuM." 'tane praNAma karuM ? - kadI nahIM !' to huM tamane mArI kaLA nahIM zIkhavuM' to tane mArI nAkhavAno hukama huM ApIza." jema ThIka lAge tema karo ! mArA zarIranA tame dhaNI cho paNa mArA mananA to nathI.' pachI pajjate vicAryuM ke game tema paNa tenA sivAya koIpaNa te kaLA jANatuM nathI, ane tethI je tene praNAma kare tene tuM zIkhavIza ke nahi ema tene pUchyuM. Ano javAba hA maLavAthI pakTote potAnI kuMvarIne kahyuM ke eka vAmana Avyo che tenI pAse hAthIne vaza karavAnI kaLA che; to tAre te tenI pAsethI zIkhI laI mane kahevI. teNe udenane kahyuM ke "eka khUMdhI strI pAchaLanA paDadAmAMthI tane praNAma karaze ane pachI teNIne tAre te kaLA paDadAnI bahAra UbhA rahIne zIkhavavI." Ano hetu e ke baMnenI mitrAcArI thavA na devI. paraMtu jyAre te kedI divasAnadivasa te kaLAno maMtra uccArato hato ane tenI adaSTa ziSyA tene grahaNa karI bolavAmAM ghaNI dhImI hatI, tyAre chevaTe eka divasa ekAeka udenathI bolI javAyuM "are khUMdhI ! Ama bolane ! tArA keTalA badhA jADA hoTha ane bhAre jaDabAM hovAM joIe ke bolIye zakatI nathI ?' tyAre teNIne krodha Upajyo ane sAmI bolI UThI "are bhUMDA vAmanajI ! mane 1. pAli bhASAmAM udana ane pajajota nAma che tenuM saMskRta udayana ane pradyota che.

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32 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto jo khUMdhI kahe che to tArA manamAM te zuM dhAre che ?' udene paDadAno cheDo khaseDI DokiyuM karyuM ane tuM koNa che ?' ema prazna karyo ane AthI badhuM pokaLa khulluM thaI gayuM ! ane te aMdara gayo ane te divase maMtra bolavAnuM athavA to pATha zIkhavAnuM baMdha ja rahyuM. have te baMnee maLI jaI eka sAmuM ja kAvataruM racyuM. teNIe potAnA bApane kahyuM ke barAbara maMtra jANavA mATe zikSaka ema kahe che ke eka zaktivALI vanaspati amuka grahano yoga thAya tyAre bhUmimAMthI cUMTI levAnI jarUra che, ane vaLI rAjAno prakhyAta je hAthI hoya tene vAparavo ane bahAra kADhavo ja joIe. teNInI A IcchA pramANe karavAmAM AvyuM. pachI eka divase jyAre teNIno pitA krIDA karavA gAma bahAra nIkaLI paDyo hato tyAre udene hAthI para teNIne besADI, sAthe dhana ane suvarNarajanA kothaLAo laI cAlI nIkaLyo. A vAta rAjAnA mANasoe rAjAne kahI ane tethI krodhAvezamAM vahemAI jaI temanI pAchaLa moTuM lazkara mokalyuM. tyAre udena sikkAo kothaLAmAMthI pheMkavA lAgyo. pAchaLa janAra tene ekaThA karavA lAgyA ane tethI vilaMba lAgato gayo, ane A bannene nAsI javAno lAbha maLato gayo. Ama chatAM jyAre keTalAka tenI pAchaLa thayA ane pAse AvI pahoMcyA, tyAre udena kothaLAmAMthI suvarNaraja kADhI verato gayo. AthI te bhegI karavAmAM vakhata lagADatA gayA. Akhare ema karatAM vaLI jyAre teo lagabhaga pAse AvI pahoMcyA tyAM udenano sImADAno killo varatAyo ane tenA lazkarano paNa bheTo thayo ! AthI pUMTha lenAra pAchA vaLyA ane udena tathA vAsuladattA sahIsalAmata vijayathI tenA zaheramAM AvI pahoMcyAM ane bhAre bhapakAthI ane mahotsavapUrvaka temano nagarapraveza thayo. vAsuladattAne rANI banAvavAmAM AvI. AvA ja prakAranI jaina kathA che : (juo hemacaMdrakRta 'mahAvIracaritra'.) ujjayinInA rAjA caMDapradyota (te krUra ane viSayalolupI rAjA hato tethI te caMDa' vizeSaNathI prasiddha thayela che) rAjAne aMgAravatI (ke jeNIe mahAvIra prabhu pAse bIjI rANIo sahita mRgAvatI - udayananI mA sAthe dIkSA lIdhI hatI) rANIthI vAsavadattA nAme eka putrI thaI hatI, te bALAne ativAtsalyane lIdhe pradyotarAjA putrathI paNa adhika mAnato hato. te bALA guranI pAse sarvakaLA zIkhI, mAtra koI yogya guru vagara gaMdharvaveda zIkhavo bAkI rahyo. eka vakhate rAjAe potAnA bahudaSTa ane bahuzruta maMtrIne pUchyuM ke "A duhitAne gaMdharvavedanI zikSAmAM koNa guru thaze ?' maMtrI bolyo ke "jANe tuMbara gaMdharvanI bIjI mUrti hoya tevo udayana nAme rAjA che, tenI pAse gAMdharvakaLA bahu atizayavALI saMbhaLAya che. te vanamAM gIta vaDe moha pamADIne moTA gajeMdrone paNa bAMdhI le che. jyAre te vanamAM jaIne gIta gAya che, tyAre tethI moha pAmelA gajeMdro jANe svAdiSTa rasa pItA hoya tema baMdhanane paNa jANatA nathI. gItanA upAyathI jema te vanamAM hAthIone bAMdhI le che tema tene bAMdhIne ahIM lAvavAno paNa upAya che. Apa jANe sAco hoya tevo kASThano eka hastI karAvo. temAM evo yaMtraprayoga karavo ke jethI te gati ane Asana vagere kriyAo kare. te

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bhAratanI rAjakIya sthiti - rAjAo 33 kASThagajanI madhyamAM zastradhArI puruSo rahe ane tene yaMtrathI calAve, pachI te hAthIne joIne vatsarAja pakaDavA Ave eTale tene bAMdhIne aMdaranA puruSo ahIM laI Ave. A pramANe thavAthI kabajAmAM Avela udayana rAjA tamArI duhitA vAsavadattAne gAMdharvavidyA zIkhavaze." maMtrInA vicAramAM rAjA zAbAzI ApavA sAthe saMmata thayo ane maMtrIe sAcA hAthIne paNa bhUlI jAya tevo tenA karatAM paNa adhika guNavALo evo kASThano hAthI karAvyo. daMtadhAta, kara (sUMDha)no ullepa, garjanA ane gati vagerethI vanacaroe tene kRtrima hAthI jANyo nahIM eTale teoe jaIne te gadranA khabara udayana rAjAne ApyA. pachI udayana rAjA tene bAMdhI levAne vanamAM Avyo. parivArane dUra rAkhIne pote jANe zakuna zodhato hoya tema haLave haLave vanamAM peTho. te mAyAvI hAthInI pAse AvIne kinnarano parAbhava kare tema UMcA svare gAvA lAgyo. jemajema udayana madhura gAyana gAvA lAgyo tematema hAthInI aMdara rahelA puruSo te kRtrima hAthInA aMgane stabdha karavA lAgyA. kauzAMbIpati udayana te gadrane potAnA gIta vaDe mohita thayela jANI aMdhakAramAM cAlato hoya tema haLave haLave tenI pAse Avyo. pachI "A hAthI mArA gItathI stabdha thayo che" ema dhArI te rAjA vRkSa para pakSInI jema chalaMga mArIne tenI upara caDI beTho. eTale tatkALa pradyota rAjAnA subhaToe hAthInA udaramAMthI bahAra nIkaLI vatsarAja (udayana)ne hAthInA skaMdha uparathI pADIne bAMdhI lIdho. ekalA, zastra vagaranA ane vizvAsI evA udayanane subhaToe gherI lIdho, tethI teNe kAMIpaNa parAkrama batAvyuM nahIM. subhaToe udayanane avantI lAvI caMDapradyotane soMpyo eTale rAjAe tene kahyuM ke, mAre eka AMkhavALI putrI che, tene tamArI gaMdharvakaLA zIkhavo. mArI duhitAne abhyAsa karAvavAthI tame mArA gharamAM sukhe rahI zakazo, nahi to baMdhanamAM AvavAthI tamAruM jIvita mAre adhIna che." udayane vicAra karyo ke hAla to A kanyAno abhyAsa karAvIne huM kAlanirgamana karuM. kemake "jIvato nara bhadrA pAmaze." A pramANe cittamAM nizcaya karIne vatsarAje caMDapradyotanI AjJAne kabUla karI. pachI caMDapradyote kahyuM ke "mArI duhitA kANI che, mATe tuM tene kadI joIza nahi, joIza to te lajjA pAmaze." A pramANe udayanane kahIne teNe aMtaHpuramAM jaI rAjakumArIne kahyuM "tAre mATe gAMdharvavidyA zIkhavanAra guru Avela che, paNa te kuchI che, mATe tAre tene pratyakSa jovo nahi." kanyAe te vAta svIkArI pachI vatsarAje teNIne gAMdharvavidyA zIkhavavA mAMDI, paraMtu caMDapradyota rAjAe baMnene ThagelAM hovAthI teo ekabIjAnI sAmuM jotAM nahIM. vacamAM vastrano paDado hato. eka vakhate "huM Ane jouM to ThIka" ema vAsavadattAne thayuM tethI bhaNavAmAM zUnyacitta thaI; pATha bhUlavA lAgI. AthI vatsarAje kumArIne tarachoDI kahyuM "are kANI ! zIkhavAmAM dhyAna nahi ApIne tuM gAMdharvazAstrano kema vinAza kare che ? zuM tuM duHzikSitA cho ?' AvA tiraskArathI kopa pAmI teNIe vatsarAjane kahyuM "zuM tuM jAte kuSThI cho te joto nathI ke mane mithyA kANI kahe che ?' vArAje vicAryuM ke jevo huM kuchI chuM tevI A kANI haze; tethI te cature paDado dUra karyo eTale svaccha

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34 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto caMdralekhA jevI vAsavadattA jovAmAM AvI; teNIe udayanane kAmadeva jevo savagasuMdara joyo. pachI vArtAlApa saMlApa thayo. ane manasaMyoga thatAM pachI zarIsaMyoga thayo. A vAta eka dAsI jANatI hatI; te vizvAsu hovAthI koIe jANyuM nahi ane baMne sukhamAM kALanirgamana karavA lAgyAM. eka vakhate analagiri hAthI baMdhasthAna toDI mahAvatone pADI nAMkhIne vecchAe chUTo thaI gayo ane bhamato lokane kSobha karavA lAgyo. rAjAe tene kema vaza karavo e tyAM rahela aticatura abhayakumAra (magadhapati zreNikano putra)ne pUchyuM eTale teNe 'udayananI pAse gAyana karAvo ke vaza thaze ema kahyuM. udayanane tema kahetAM vAsavadattA sAthe jaI gAyana karI hAthIne vaza karI lIdho. ekadA rAjA aMtaHpura parivAra sahita ujANI arthe nagara bahAra udyAnamAM gayo. tyAM gAMdharvagoSThInI zarUAta karI. vAsavadattA ane vatsarAjane paNa bolAvyAM. vatsarAje teNIne jaNAvI dIdhuM ke Aje vegavatI hAthaNI para besI chUTavAno vakhata che; AthI rAjakanyAe vegavatI hAthaNI maMgAvI ane temAM udayananI AjJAthI baMne paDakhe tenA mUtranA ghaDAo bAMdhyA. pachI vatsarAja, vAsavadattA, pelI dAsI, mahAvata ema te para beThAM ane nAThAM. pAchaLa rAjAe yoddhAone analagiri hAthI taiyAra karAvI te para besADI tene pakaDavA ravAnA karyA. hAthI lagabhaga najadIka pahoMcI gayo tyAM udayane eka mUtrano ghaDo pRthvI para pachADI phoDI nAMkhyo. te sUMghavA hAthI kSaNavAra Ubho rahyo. bIjI vAra najIka AvatAM bIjo, ema cAre ghaDA pheMkI khalAsa karyA ane so yojana prathvIne oLaMgI kauzAMbI nagarImAM pesI gayo. tyAM to kauzAMbIpatinI senA yuddhArthe taiyAra thaI gaI. AthI analagiri hAthIne pAcho vALI yoddhA pAchA pharyA ane ujeNI AvyA. pachI kopamAM mahArAja jevA rAjA pradyote senyanI taiyArI karavA mAMDI paNa bhakta evA kulamaMtrIoe tene yuktipUrvaka samajAvIne nivAryo ane kahyuM ke "he rAjA ! tamAre koI yogya varane kanyA to ApavAnI ja hatI, tyAre vatsarAjathI adhika evo bIjo kayo jAmAtA maLaze ? vAsavadattAe svayaMvarA thaIne tene pasaMda karyo che to pachI tene yogya varanI prApti thaI che ema samajo, ane tene jAmAtA mAno." AthI te rAjAe harSathI vatsarAja upara jAmAtRpaNAne yogya evI keTalIeka vastuo mokalI. A baMne bauddha ane jaina vAta parathI temaja hAlamAM maLI Avela mahAkavi bhAsakRta pratijJA yogaMdharAyaNa nAmanA nATaka parathI samajAyuM haze ke A vAtamAM tathya hovuM joIe. chatAM hAlanI daSTie temAM kavinI caturAI dekhAya to eTaluM to cokkasa che ke avantIno rAjA pradyota ane kozAkhIno rAjA udayana e be pAsapAse Avela rAjyonA samakAlIna rAjAo hatA ane lagnagAMThathI arasaparasa joDAyA hatA ne yuddhamAM paNa UtaryA hatA. ukta jaina kathA parathI e paNa jaNAya che ke avantIne ane kozAbIne 100 yojananuM cheTuM hatuM. vaLI ekabIjA sasarojamAI hovA uparAMta jaina graMthamAMthI e paNa

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bhAratanI rAjakIya sthiti - rAjAo 35 mAluma paDe che ke udayananI mAtA mRgAvatI ane caMDapradyotanI rANI nAme zivA e be baheno thatI hatI, ane te baMne vaizAlI nagarInA rAjA ceTakanI putrI hatI. AthI udayanano mAso te avantIpati thato hato. vaLI caMDapradyotane potAnI sALI mRgAvatI rANInA citrathI tenA para moha pAmI tenA pati nAme zatAnIka rAjAne te rANIne potAne soMpavA kahyuM hatuM. paNa temaNe tiraskArathI te mAgaNIne avagaNI kADhI ane tethI avantIno rAjA yuddha karavA Avyo. teTalAmAM zatAnIka rAjA mRtyu pAmyo ane bAla putra udayana ane rANI mRgAvatI rahyAM. AthI te rANIe rAjakIya cAturya vAparI avantInA rAjAne kahyuM "mArA pati zatAnIka rAjA to svarge gayA tethI have mane tamAruM ja zaraNa che, paraMtu mAro putra haju baLa rahita bALaka che, tethI jo huM hamaNAM tene tarachoDI dauM to pitAnI vipattithI thayela ugra zokAveganI jema zatru rAjAo paNa teno parAbhava karaze. to ujjayaNathI ITo lAvI kauzAMbI pharato majabUta killo karAvI Apo ane dhanadhAnya dhanAdikathI kauzAMbI bharI Apo to pachI nirvidhdha yoga thaI zake !' AthI pradyote te saghaLuM karAvI ApyuM. tarata ja buddhimatI mRgAvatIe jANyuM ke have nagarI rodha karavAne yogya thaI che tethI teNIe daravAjA baMdha karI subhaTone goThavI dIdhA. pachI tyAM mahAvIra AvyA ane teno bodha sAMbhaLI mRgAvatIe temanI pAse dIkSA lIdhI ke jemAM caMDapradyote saMmati ApI, ane udayanane gAdI soMpI te rAjA potAnI rAjadhAnI ujeNImAM Avyo. udayana ne pradyotano - jamAIsasarAno banAva mahAvIranA nirvANa pahelAM thoDAMka varSa pahelAM banyo che tethI teno samaya I.sa. pUrve pa24-5 gaNI zakAya. ane zatAnIka rAjAnuM maraNa, tenA para pradyota rAjAnuM caDI AvavuM vagere je upara varNavelo banAva che, te mahAvIrane kevalajJAna UpajyA pachIno che eTale I.sa. pUrve 550 lagabhagamAM che. vaLI caMDapradyota rAjAe magadha dezanA rAjagRha nagara para paNa AkramaNa karyuM hatuM. te vakhate puSkaLa sainya tenI pAse hovAthI zreNika rAjAne mahAbhaya lAgyo hato, paraMtu tenA putra abhayakumAranI caturAIthI caMDapradyota nAsI gayo hato. pachI tenA kahevAthI abhayakumArane eka vezyA kapaTI zrAvikA banI dharmaDhoMgathI bhoLavI avantI laI gaI hatI, tyAM kedInA jevI rIte keTaloka samaya rahI karela sevAthI apAyelAM vacanone baLe chUTo thaIne abhayakumAra potAnI yuktithI rAjAne ughADe choge. bharabajAramAMthI bAMdhIne rAjagRha laI gayo hato. pachI choDI mUkyo hato. caMDapradyota mahAvIrano anuyAyI hato. A parathI jaNAya che ke caMDapradyota ghaNo krodhI, viSayalolupI rAjA hato ane teNe AyuSya paNa ghaNuM bhogaveluM hatuM. sAthe mahAnuM parAkramI ane aneka sAmaMta rAjAono adhipati hato; te jaina hato ane tene vItabhayanagaranA rAjA udayana sAthe yuddha thayuM hatuM. vItabhayanagara ke je siMdhu dezanuM pATanagara hatuM tenA rAjA udAyanane tyAra pachI caMDapradyota sAthe yuddha thayuM hatuM. udayananI kunjA dAsI devadattA devAdhidevanI pUjAthI adbhuta sauMdaryavatI thaI hatI, ane tenI pratimA paNa teNIne prApta thaI hatI. A

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36 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto dAsIne caMDapradyota laI gayo tethI teNInI sAthe te pratimA paNa gaI. A pAchI mokalavA mATe udAyane kahevarAvyuM, paNa pradyota rAjAe na mAnavAthI udAyane avaMtI para caDAI karI. udAyane pradyota rAjAne bAMdhyo, dAsI nAsI gaI. te pratimAM tyAM ja rahevA dIdhI, ane pradyota rAjAnA kapAla upara "A mAro dAsI-pati che ema jaNAvavA 'dAsIpati' eTalA akSaro udAyane lakhAvyA. ane caMDapradyotane sAthe laI potAnA vItabhayanagara tarapha cAlyo. mArgamAM paryuSaNaparva AvyAM. udAyanane potAnA sarva kuTuMba sahita upavAsa hato, tethI caMDapradyotane tenA mATe zuM rasoI karavI e pUchavAmAM AvatAM teNe kahyuM "mAre paNa apavAsa che. kAraNake mArAM mAtApitA zrAvaka hatAM, paNa huM du:khathI bhUlI gayo chuM. AthI udAyane potAno samAnadharmI che to tene khamAvyA doSanI - kSamA mAgyA vinA pratikramaNa (doSanuM prAyazcita karI AtmanirIkSaNanI kriyA) karavuM te zuddha thayuM kahevAya nahi ! ema dhArI tene baMdhanathI choDAvyo, ne tene mastake suvarNano paTTabaMdha karAvyo. pachI khamAvIne tene potAne nagara pAcho mokalAvyo. tyAra pachI pradyotana rAjA zuddha jaina dharma pALavA lAgyo, ane udAyana rAjA paNa pachI potAne nagare AvI pahoMcyo. A udAyana rAjAe pachI zrI mahAvIra pAse dIkSA lIdhI che, ane rAjarSi tarIke prasiddha thayela che, ane temane chellA rAjarSi tarIke te ja bhavamAM mokSe gayela tarIke jaNAvavAmAM Avela che. - caMDapradyota viSayalolupI hato e to sthaLesthaLe puravAra thAya che. tenI rANI aMgAravatI hatI ane teNIe mRgAvatI (kauzAMbInA rAjA zatAnIkanI rANI) sAthe dIkSA lIdhI hatI te upara kahevAI gayuM che. have te aMgAravatIne caMDapradyota kevI rIte paraNyo hato te jovAthI paNa jaNAI Ave che ke te viSayAsakta hato ane tene ja lIdhe yuddha karyuM hatuM. susamArapuranA rAjA dhuMdhumArane aMgAravatI ati rUpavatI putrI hatI. teNIe eka yoginIne vAdamAM nittara karI tethI te yoginIe tenuM citra cItarI ujjayinInA rAjA ukta caMDapradyotane batAvyuM. te mohita thayo ane teNInI tenA pitA pAse mAgaNI karI. pitA pAse sainya moTuM hatuM nahIM chatAM kahevarAvyuM ke putrI baLAtkAre nahIM paNa prasannatAthI apAya che. caMDapradyote AvI moTA sainya sAthe ghero ghAlyo. dhuMdhumAra nagaranI aMdara rahyo ane nimittakane jaya-parAjaya saMbaMdhe pUchayuM. nimittake cokamAM ghaNA bALakone bivarAvyA, eTale teo varadatta nAmanA muni ke jeNe nAgaprAsAdamAM vAsa karyo hato tyAM AvyA. munie te badhAne bIzo nahIM, tamane bhaya nathI' ema kahyuM. A parathI te nimittake kahyuM, "Apa jaya pAmazo.' rAjAe tethI bahAra nIkaLI yuddha karyuM ane caMDapradyotane harAvI jIvato pakaDI nagaramAM dAkhala thayo. pote atithi che to tene bacAvavo joIe" ema vinati karatAM dhuMdhumAre udAra citta rAkhI te vinati svIkArI ane te uparAMta potAnI putrIne paNa paraNAvI. (juo varadatta muninuM vRttAMta) (A vakhate caMpAnagarImAM mitraprabha (caMdraprabha) rAjA hato ane tene dharmaghoSa 1. bharatezvara bAhubali vRttimAM, triSaSTizalAkApurapATa mAM vItabhaya gayA pachI keTaloka samaya vItyA bAda paryuSaNa parva Ave che ema jaNAvyuM che.

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bhAratanI rAjakIya sthiti - rAjAo 37 maMtrI hato ke je maMtrI pAchaLathI dIkSA laI ukta varadatta muninA gRhasthapaNAmAM te varadatta munine tyAM vahoravA jatAM varadattane jAtismaraNa upajAvyuM hatuM ema A varadatta muninI kathAmAM jaNAvavAmAM Ave che.) bauddha graMthamAM kozalanA rAjA pAsenAdi (pAli bhASAnuM nAma)ne ghaNA judA pAtra tarIke varNavela che. trIjA saMyukta nAmano bauddha graMtha Akho 25 kathAno che ane dareka kathA tenA saMbaMdhe che. te takkazilA nAmanI cheDAnA vAyavya khUNAmAM AvelA prasiddha vidyAbhUmimAM teNe vidyA lIdhI hatI ane tyAMthI abhyAsa karI pAcho pharyo ke tenA pitA nAme mahAkozale tene gAdI para besADyo. rAjyanI lagAma lIdhA pachI ghaNI kuzaLatA darzAvI. dareka dharma para te premadaSTi rAkhato hato. teNe buddhano upadeza sAMbhaLyo tyAre tenI phoI sumanA hAjara hatI. teNIe keTalAka vakhata pachI bauddha dIkSA lIdhI hatI ane therI gAthAmAM eka therI (virA) tarIke gaNAI hatI. rAjA pAsenAdine badale eka sthaLe rAjA agnidatta kahela che, to saMbhavita che ke parsanAdi e vastutaH rAjyapadavI hoya ane agnidatta e tenuM kharuM nAma hoya. - panAdine buddhanA kuTuMbI sAthe lagna karavAnI IcchA thaI tethI teNe zAkya rAjAone temanI eka kanyA paraNAvavA kahyuM. te rAjAoe ekatrita thaI vicAra karatAM TharAvyuM ke potAnA vaMzanI kanyA ApavI e potAne utArI pADavA jevuM che, tethI temAMnA eka pradhAna rAjAnI eka dAsInA peTe thayela putrI nAme vAsabha khariyA (kSatriyA) tene mokalAvI. teNInA peTathI parsanAdi rAjAne uparyukta vidudAbha nAmano putra thayo. - vidudAbhane A kapaTanI pachI khabara paDavAthI ghaNo krodha thatAM teNe zAkya rAjA para vera levAno nizcaya karyo ane gAdIe Avyo tyAre temanA deza para caDAI karI, teonA zaherano kabajo lIdho ane zAkya jAtinA ghaNAne - strI, puruSo vRddha ke juvAnane mArI nAkhyA. A vAta prAcInamAM prAcIna bauddha graMthomAM joke haju sudhI maLI zakI nathI, paNa temAM paNa te zAkya jati sAme yuddha thayAnI vAtano ullekha karavAmAM Avyo che. AthI te aitihAsika bInA hoya e nirvivAda che. ema kahevAmAM Ave che ke buddhanA nirvANa pahelAM ekabe varSe A vAta banelI che. AmAM keTaluMka baLAtkAre jaNAvela hoya tema lAge che. eka nAnI (zAkya) jAtie e kozalanA rAjAnA kuTuMba sAthe sagAIthI joDAvAnuM kema nIcuM gayuM haze e samajAtuM nathI. alabatta ghaNe sthale zAkya jAti abhimAnI hatI te bauddha graMtha jaNAve che, paNa tema chatAM lagnanI sAme zA mATe temaNe vAMdho lIdho te ApaNane samajAtuM nathI. ApaNe jANIe chIe ke zAkya jati jevI ja abhimAnI ane svataMtra evI vezAlInI licchavI jAtinA rAjAnI (ceTakanI) potAnI putrI (celaNA) magadhanA rAjA biaisArane paraNI hatI. (juo jaina sUtra 1, 25, pro. jekobInuM vaMzavRkSa) vaLI A paNa lagabhaga nizcita che ke sAvaOI (kosala rAjyadhAnI)nA rAjavaMzI kuTuMbe kozala jAtimAM vaMzaparaMparAe mukhya padavI - Adhipatya meLavyuM hatuM. kAraNa ke kozalavAsIomAM nAnA nAnA rAjAo ane kulaputro paNa rAjAo' e saMjJAthI

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38 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto oLakhavAmAM AvyA che, ke je saMjJA je jAtio-loko ke je amIravarganA vaDapaNavALAM prajAsattAka rAjya bhogavatA, tenA nAnA nAnA rAjAo ane kulaputrone lagADavAmAM AvatI. jaina ane bauddhanA pachInA graMthomAM potAnA sthApakonA kuTuMbane hada bahAra upayogitA ApI devAnI valaNa thaI hoya te svAbhAvika che. kAraNake pAchaLanA graMtho prAcIna graMthothI te bAbatamAM judA paDe che. tethI vidudAbhe zAkya jAti para caDAI karavAnuM che kAraNa upara batAvyuM che te bhAgye ja saMbhavita lAge che. zAkyajAtino garva e kAraNathI kadAca teNe caDAI karI hoya. paNa kharA kAraNamAM potAnI sAthe sagAI dharAvatI zAkyajAti para caDAI karI tene jItavA mATe vidudAbhane ghaNI ja saMbhavita rIte khAsa rAjakIya hetu ja hovo joIe, jemake magadhanA ajAtazatrue potAnA sagA vaizAlInA licchavI jAtinA rAjAo para rAjakIya hetuthI ja caDAI karI hatI. ajAtazatrane vezAlInI licchavI jAti para hallo karavAnuM zuM kAraNa hatuM te bauddhanA eka sUtra parathI mAlUma paDe che ane temAM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke buddha licchavI jAti mojazokhathI nabaLI paDI gaI che, ane tethI ajAtazatru potAnI IcchA pAra pADI zakaze evuM bhaviSya bhAkhyuM hatuM. lagabhaga traNa varSa pachI vasyakAra nAmanA brAhmaNanA kapaTI kAvatarAthI vezAlInAM mukhya kuTuMbomAM kleza utpanna thayo ane ajAtazatrue moTuM sainya lAvI teno kabajo karyo ane sadaMtara teno nAza karyo. vaLI bauddha graMtha jaNAve che ke ajAtazatrue potAnI rAjadhAnI rAjagRhane killo karAvI majabUta karyuM kAraNa ke ujajenInA rAjA pajjata caDAI kare tevI AzA rakhAtI hatI. A hallo kadI thayo ke nahIM ane tenuM zuM pariNAma AvyuM te jANavuM jarUranuM ane rasaprada thaI paDe tema che. paNa bauddhagraMthomAMthI te viSe kaMI jaNAtuM nathI. pachIthI jANIe chIe ke I.sa. pUrve cothA saikAmAM ujjainI magadhanA tAbAmAM AvyuM hatuM ane azoka jyAre nAno hato tyAre tene ujjainIno sUbo nImavAmAM Avyo hato. paNa vacamAM zuM-zuM thayuM te saMbaMdhI kaMI jANI zakAtuM nathI. A pramANe bauddhagraMthamAMthI maLI Ave che. A sivAya temAMthI bIjuM e maLI Ave che ke buddhanA nirvANa pahelAM tenA kAkAno devadatta nAme putra ke jeNe ghaNAM varSo pahelAM dIkSA lIdhI hatI. teNe buddhanA matathI judo mata kADhyo hato. buddhanA zatru te devadattane sahAya ane Teko ApanAra tarIke te vakhatanA yuvarAja ajAtazatrune bauddha graMthomAM jaNAvavAmAM Avela che. lagabhaga te ja vakhatamAM bikhrisAra rAjAe te yuvarAjane gAdI ApI hatI, ane tevAmAM ja devadatte te rAjAne mArI nAkhavA ajAtazatrune uzkeryo hato, ane te pramANe buddhanA maraNa pahelAM 8mA varSe ajAtazatrue potAnA pitAne bhUkhyo rAkhIrAkhI dhIme dhIme mArI nAkhyo. AthI pachI tene ghaNo pazcAttApa thayo tyAre buddha pAse jaI tenA dharmamAM AvavAthI A jIvanamAM zuM lAbha thAya evo prazna karyo hato, (AnuM citra paNa bhahuta 1. temAM vajji jAtinA loka kahyA che, paNa licchavI te vaji jAtinI eka zAkhA - jAti hatI te bIjA bauddha graMthamAMthI spaSTa mAlUma paDe che.

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bhAratanI rAjakIya sthiti - rAjAo * 39 TopamAM mUkela che paNa buddhane potAne hameza mujaba cItaravAmAM na AvatAM tenA caraNe ja mUkavAmAM AvyA che.) ane AnuM samAdhAna thatAM buddhanuM zaraNa grahavA sAthe pitAnA vadha mATe pazcAttApa teNe karyo ema jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che. paNa e custa bauddha thayo evuM spaSTa jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM nathI. tema kadI paNa bauddha tarIke jIvana teNe gALyuM hatuM evo purAvo maLato nathI; ane buddhanA jIvana sudhI bauddha dharmane teNe Teko ke sahAya ApI hoya tema paNa jaNAtuM nathI. chatAM evuM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke buddhanuM nirvANa thayuM tyAre tenI peThe pote paNa kSatriya che tethI tenA avazeSa upara potAno haka che ema jaNAvI temAMthI amuka bhAga mAgyo hato ane tene maLyo paNa hato, ke je upara teNe stUpa gaNAvyo hato. (mahAnirvANa sutta). paNa AvuM bahu prAcIna bauddha graMthomAM maLatuM nathI, jyAre pachInA graMtho jaNAve che ke buddhanA nirvANa pachI tarata ja je rAjagRhanI prathama pariSad bharAyelI hatI, tene mATe te vakhate satta patri guphAnA pravezadvAra pAse eka moTo hola' teNe karAvI Apyo hato. Ama bauddha thayA vagara bauddha dharma pratye jema sarva hiMdI rAjAo sarva dharmone Azraya Ape che tema kRpA darzAvI hoya e saMbhavita che. temaja bauddha graMthamAM bIjA rAjAonI sAthe sUrasenonA rAjAne avantIputra tarIke gaNAvela che ane eka rAjA eledhyAne gautama buddhanA eka vakhatanA guru uddaka ke je rAmano putra tathA ziSya hato teno mata svIkAranAra ane tene madada ApanAra tarIke gaNAvela che. bauddha graMthamAM upara jaNAvela cAra rAjyo ja phakta che ke jenA saMbaMdhe kaMI paNa vistArapUrvaka jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che. have jaina graMthamAMthI rAjAo saMbaMdhe zuM maLe che te joIe. vaizAlI nAmanI moTI nagarInA rAjA ceTakane sAta putrIo nAme prabhAvatI, padmAvatI, mRgAvatI, zivA, jyeSThA, sujyeSThA ane calaNA nAme anukrame hatI. AmAMthI prabhAvatI vItabhayanagaranA rAjA udAyanane, padmAvatI caMpApati dadhivAhanane, mRgAvatI kauzAMbInA rAjA zatAnIkane, zivA ujjayinInA rAjA pradyotanane, ane Maa kuMDagrAmanA adhipati naMdivartana (mahAvIranA bhAIne) paraNI hatI. A pachI nAnI be bAkI rahI. temAMnI sujyeSThAne tenI suMdaratA jANI magadha dezano rAjA zreNika (bimbisAra - baMbasAra) harI laI javA vaizAlI Avyo hato. te tene badale callaNAne laI gayo ane gAMdharvavivAhathI tenI sAthe lagna karyuM. A sau thayA pahelAM - A putrIonAM lagna pahelAM ceTakanI potAnI bahena nAme trizalA mahAvIranA pitA siddhArthanI sAthe paraNI hatI, ane tenAthI naMdivardhvana ane mahAvIra e be putra thayA hatA. celaNAthI zreNikane kuNika (bauddhamAM jene ajAtazatru kahevAmAM Ave che te) bIjuM nAma azokacaMdra tathA hala ane vihalla e nAmanA putro thayA hatA. padmAvatIthI dadhivAhanane caMdanA nAmanI putrI thaI hatI ke je mahAvIrano prakhara abhigraha pUro pALI caMdanabALA naiSThika brahmacAriNI tarIke temanI prathama sAdhvI thaI hatI, ane jene pachI kevaLajJAna thayuM hatuM. mRgAvatIthI zatAnIkane udayana nAmano putra thayo hato ke jenI sAtheno caMDapradyotano yuddhaprasaMga ane pachI sasarA-jamAIno saMbaMdha, upara kahI

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40 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto javAmAM Avyo che. ane ukta mRgAvatI tenA patinuM mRtyu thatAM tathA caMDapradyotanuM AkramaNa thatAM mahAvIranA upadezathI vairAgya UpajatAM dIkSA laI pachI aMte kevalajJAna pAmI hatI; ane prabhAvatIthI udAyanane abhIcI nAme putra thayo hato. trizalAne jaina zAstramAM videhadinnA (videhaputrI) kahevAmAM Avela che. zreNikane - biMbisArane kuNika (ajAtazatru) nAmano putra videhaputrIthI - videhadevIthI thayela che e bauddha graMthamAM maLI Ave che, tethI te baMne vAta sAcI aitihAsika che. vaLI te uparAMta e paNa puravAra thAya che ke vaizAlI e videha dezanI rAjadhAnI hatI.) Ama arasaparasa rAjAo sagAInA saMbaMdhathI joDAyA hatA, chatAM ekabIjAnA rAjya para AkramaNa karavAnI rAjanIti badalAI nahotI. eka bIjA vacce aneka kAraNone laIne yuddhanA prasaMgo AvyA che. jevA ke zatAnIka ane dadhivAhana vacce yuddha, zatAnIkane ane pachIthI tenI rANI mRgAvatIne caMDapradyota sAthe yuddhaprasaMga ane tenuM Avela zubha chevaTa, zreNika ane caMDapradyota, kauzAMbInA zatAnIkanA putra udayananuM caMDapradyotane hAthe baMdhAvuM ne nAsI bhAgavuM, vItabhayanA udAyana rAjA sAthe caMDapradyota, ceTaka ane kuNikano yuddhaprasaMga ane temAM vaizAlI nagarIno nAza mAlUma paDe che. AmAMthI pahelA ane chellA prasaMga sivAya bIjA prasaMgo saMbaMdhI upara kahevAI gayuM che, tethI te be prasaMga saMbaMdhe thoDuM ahIM kahIzuM. mahAvIre 30 varSa gRhasthAvasthAmAM gALyA pachI dIkSA laI 12 varSa, kevalajJAna pAmyA pahelAM eka dezathI bIjA dezamAM ema vihAra karyo hato. te vihAranA pahelAM cha varSa vItyA pachI bIjA cha varSamAM vihAra karatAM chellA varSamAM kauzAMbI nagarIe poSa mAsanI kRSNa pratipadAe AvyA. (I.sa. pUrve papa7mAM.) A vakhate tyAM zatAnIka rAjA rAjya karato hato, ane tenI rANI mRgAvatI vaizAlInA ceTaka rAjAnI putrI) hatI. tene sugupta nAme maMtrI hato. mahAvIre abhigraha evo lIdho hato ke amuka jAtanI rAjakumArI amuka sthitimAM rahI kulmASa (aDada) vahorAve to ja pAraNuM kare. A abhigraha pUro na thatAM upavAsamAM cAra mAsa vItI gayA. A arasAmAM zatAnIka rAjAe sainya sAthe eka rAtrImAM jaIne caMpAnagarIne gherI lIdhI. caMpApati dadhivAhana rAjA tenAthI bhaya pAmI nAsI gayo ane rAjAe nagarIne lUMTavAno potAnA subhaTone hukama ApI dIdho. dadhivAhana rAjAne rANI padmAvatI urphe dhAraNIthI thayelI vasumatI nAmanI putrIne koI UMTavALo harI gayo. te kauzAMbI Ave che ane kaI rIte mahAvIrano abhigraha pUre che e ahIM prastuta nathI tethI anya sthalathI jANI levAnuM che. sAthesAthe jaNAvavAnuM ke A dadhivAhana rAjAe (pachIthI ke pahelAMthI kahI zakAya tema nathI.) zatAnIka rAjAnI kauzAMbI nagarI amita sainyathI gherI lIdhI hatI. zatAnIka kauzAMbInI aMdara daravAjA baMdha karI rAha joto bharAI rahyo paNa keTaleka kALe caMpApati potAnuM sainya bahu herAna thavAthI ane ghaNuM maraNa pAmI javAthI potAnA nagara tarapha javA cAlyo. te vakhate zatAnIka potAnI nagarInA daravAjA ughADI potAnA sainya sAthe bahAra Avyo, ane caMpApati nAsI gayo; jyAre kauzAMbIpatie tenA

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bhAratanI rAjakIya sthiti rAjAo 41. 41 hAthI, ghoDA ane bhaMDAra vagere laI lIdhuM ane pachI pAcho svanagara Avyo. A sivAya potanapuranA rAjA prasannacaMdra potAnA bALakumArane gAdIe besADI dIkSA lIdhI hatI. tyAra pachI tenA maMtrIo caMpAnagarInA rAjA dadhivAhananI sAthe maLI jaIne tenA rAjakumArane rAjya parathI bhraSTa karaze evuM prasannacaMdra munine rAjagRhamAM tenA rAjA zreNikano eka senAnI nAme durmukha kaheto mahAvIracaritramAM jovAmAM Ave che. (A lagabhaga I.sa. pUrve pa20mAM thayuM hoya ema jaNAya che - nirvANa ne kevalajJAna vaccenA samayamAM e cokkasa che.) A parathI ema jaNAya che ke I.sa. pUrve papa7mAM ane pa20mAM dadhivAhana caMpApati hato, caMpAnagarIne lUMTI ane dadhivAhana nAsI gayo tyAra pachI te pAcho pharyo hato ane caMpA pAchI lIdhI hatI ke nahIM te jaNAveluM nathI chatAM anumAna thAya che ke teNe caMpAnagarI pAchI lIdhI haze. have caMpAnagarI eka ja hatI ke judIjudI tenI samajaNa paDatI nathI. kAraNa ke caMpAvAsI kAmadeva zrAvaka thayo (I.sa. pUrve lagabhaga papa0mAM), ane tenI vAta jaNAvatAM te caMpAnagarImAM jitazatru nAme rAjA rAjya karato hato ema jaNAvyuM che. temaja upara jaNAvela caMDapradyota rAjA ane aMgAravatInA lagnanI vAta je parathI lIdhI che te varadattamuninA itihAsa parathI jaNAya che ke te vakhate caMpAnagarImAM mitraprabha (caMdraprabha) ane dharmaghoSa nAmano maMtrI hato. Ama judAjudA rAjAnAM nAma eka ja caMpAnagarInA ekI vakhate na hoI zake (1) kAM to caMpAnagarI judIjudI hovI joIe, ane tethI tenA rAjA judAjudA hoI zake. (2) athavA to caMpA nAmanI eka ja nagarI hoya to tenA rAjAo eka pachI eka gAdIe AvyA hoya ane te ekabIjAne pitA-putra ke bhAI-bhAI evA kaMI saMbaMdhathI joDAyela hoya. (3) kaMI judAjudA nAnA rAjAothI ekatrita zAsana tyAM pravartatuM hoya. kAlanI gaNanA karatAM (1) prathama anumAna vizeSa vajanadAra jaNAya che. have ApaNe kuNika ane ceTaka vacceno yuddhaprasaMga vicArIe. zreNika rAjAe (potAnA putra abhayakumAre zrI vIra pAse dIkSA lIdhI tyAre potAnA kuNika nAmanA vaDA putrane rAjya ApavAno nirdhArathI bIjA kaNikanA sagA bhAIo nAme halla ane vihalane aDhAra cakrano hAra, ane becanaka nAmano hAthI Apyo. kuNike bIjA potAnA bhAIne samajAvI pitA zreNikane bAMdhI kedakhAnAmAM nAMkhyo ane tyAM pachI zreNike AtmaghAta karyo. tyAra pachI caMpApurI vasAvI. pAchaLathI kaNikanI rANIe halla vihalane Apela hAra vagere tenI pAsethI laI levA kuNikane samajAvyuM, teNe tenI mAgaNI karatAM halla viddha caMpApurIthI potAnA mAtAmaha (mAtAnA pitA) ceTaka vizAlInA rAjA) pAse jaI Azraya lIdho ane tyAM yuvarAja jevA rahyA. kuNike mAtAmaha ceTakane te hallavihalane pAchA soMpI devA kahevarAvyuM, paNa kSatriya rAjA Azritano ane te vaLI potAnA pautrono tyAga kadI paNa karatA nathI ema ceTake uttara ApatAM kuNike moTA sainya sahita vaizAlI para caDAI karI. mahAna yuddha thayuM. baMne pakSanA maLIne eka koTi ane eMzI lAkha subhaTo maraNa pAmyA. tyAra pachI hallavihale kuNikasenAmAM divasanudivasa ghaNuM bhaMgANa secanaka hAthIthI pADyuM. pachI te baMnee mahAvIra pAse dIkSA lIdhI. Akhare kuNike vaizAlI nagarIne bhagna karI ane

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto ceTaka tyAMthI cAlyo gayo. kuNike potAnI pratijJA pramANe vizAlA nagarIno nAza karI kheDavA lAyaka jamIna jevI banAvI dIdhI. Ama je yuddhaprasaMgo je te vakhate thayA tenuM kaMIka varNana karyuM. - have ApaNe judAjudA rAjAo laI tenI upara jaNAvyA karatAM kaMI vizeSa mAhitI maLe to joIe : magadha deza - prasenajitu, zreNika, kuNika ane udAyI. zreNika (bimbiyAra) - AnA pitAnuM nAma prasenajit ane mAtAnuM nAma dhAriNI hatuM. prasenajitu magadha dezano rAjA hato, ane tenuM mukhya nagara kuzAgrapura nAme hatuM. ahIM vAraMvAra agnino upadrava thavA lAgyo tethI rAjAe AghoSaNA karAvI ke "jenA gharamAM agni lAgaze tene nagara bahAra kADhavAmAM Avaze." eka divasa rasoiyAnA pramAdathI rAjAnA gharamAMthI ja agni nIkaLI. rAjAe potAnA kumArone kahyuM ke "je vastu je kumAra laI jAya che tene svAdhIna che.' zreNika kumAra bhaMbhAnuM vAdya laI nIkaLyo ane tenuM kAraNa tene pUchatAM jaNAvyuM ke "A bhaMbhAvAdya rAjAonuM prathama jayacihna che, digvijayamAM moTuM maMgaLa che." AthI rAjAe tenuM bhaMbhAsAra" evuM bIjuM nAma pADyuM. have rAjAe potAnI AghoSaNA pramANe pote nagara choDavuM ane eka koza dUra jaI chAvaNI nakhAvIne tyAM rahyo; pachI loko tyAM jatAM paraspara pUchatA ke tame kyAM jAo cho ?' tyAre teo pratyuttara ApatA ke "ame rAjagRha (rAjAne ghera) jaIzuM." A parathI tyAM rAjagRha nAme nagara rAjAe vasAvyuM ane tene khAI, killo, caitya, mahelo ane cauTAothI ghaNuM ramaNIya banAvyuM. rAjAe zreNikane rAjayayogya catura gaNela hato tethI tene rAjya ApavAnuM bAkI rAkhI bIjA kumArone je kaMI deza ApavAnA yogya lAgyA te ApI dIdhA ke jethI zreNika saMbaMdhe temane khabara na paDe, paNa zreNikane kaMI na maLyuM tethI tene khoTuM lAgatAM te tyAMthI cAlyo gayo. veNA taTapura jaI tyAM eka zreSThInI putrI paraNyo. AthI abhayakumAra nAmano putra autpAtika buddhivALo ane pAchaLathI zreNika rAjAnA pAMcaso maMtrIomAM pradhAna maMtrI thayo hato. zreNikane rAjAnA maMdavADa samaye pAcho bolAvyo ne tene rAjya ApyuM. zreNika vaizAlInA rAjA ceTakanI cillaNA nAmanI putrIne gAMdharva vivAhathI paraNyo hato ane tethI tene kuNika, halla ane vihalla nAme traNa putro anukrame thayA hatA. dhAraNI nAmanI rANIthI meghakumAra nAme putra thayo hato ke jeNe mahAvIra pAse dIkSA lIdhI hatI. te sivAya bIjI kulapatnIothI naMdiSeNa ke jeNe paNa vIra pAse dIkSA lIdhI hatI, te ane te sivAya kAla, mahAkAla, ItyAdi bIjA daza putro thayA hatA. zreNika mahApratApI, zraddhAvaMta ane Adarza rAjA hato; chevaTe kuNikane rAjyayogya gaNI tenA mATe te rAjya rAkhI bIjA kumArone je ApavuM hatuM te ApI dIdhuM, ane have kuNikane rAjya ApavAnuM bAkI rahyuM. paNa te pahelAM kuNike bIjA kumArane uzkerI zreNikane bAMdhI kedakhAnAmAM pUryo ane savAra-sAMja so-so cAbuka mAravA lAgyA. khAnapAna paNa Apato nahi. kuNikanI mAtA rANI cillaNA kedakhAnAmAM gupta rIte khAnapAna ApI AvatI hatI. A vakhate kuNikane padmAvatI nAmanI rANIthI udAyI nAmano putra thayo.

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bhAratanI rAjakIya sthiti - rAjAo 43 te pare tenI ghaNI mamatA hatI, paNa mAtA cilaNAe jaNAvyuM ke "tArA pitAnI je mamatA tArA para hatI te pramANamAM tArA putra pratyenI mamatA kazA lekhAmAM nathI, kAraNake kUkaDInA karaDavAthI athavA kUkaDInAM pIMchAM vaDe vIMdhAvAthI jyAre tArI AMgaLI pAkI hatI ane aMdara jIva paDyA hatA tyAre tArA pitAe tArI evI AMgaLIne paNa mukhamAM rAkhI tane sukha ApyuM hatuM. ane atyAre kArAgRhamAM nAMkhI upakArI pitA para zuM evuM AcaraNa kare che ? AthI kuNikane pazcAttApa thayo ane pitAnI beDI svahaste ja toDI nAMkhavA mATe lohadaMDa laI kedakhAnAmAM doDyo. zreNika ke je hamezAM cAbuka khAto hato teNe lohadaMDa kuNikanA hAthamAM joI potAno vadha karavA ja Ave che ema vicArI tAlupuTa viSa khAdhuM ane tatkALa prANa choDyo. kuNika - Ano janma thayo ke azoka vanamAM laI javAmAM Avyo hato tethI tenuM nAma "azokacaMdra' pADavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. paNa garbhamAM hato tyAre kharAba dohada mAtAne thayA hatA tethI tene vanamAM choDavAmAM Avyo tyAM kUkaDIe tenI TacalI AMgaLI karaDI khAdhI, pachI te pAkIne paruthI vyApI gaI. zreNika rAjAe tene vanamAMthI maMgAvI tenI AMgaLI mukhamAM rAkhI hatI. AMgaLI pachI rujhAI, paNa bUThI rahI tethI tene bALako 'kuNaka' (bUThI AMgaLIvALo) nAnapaNamAM kahevA lAgyA. upara kahyA pramANe teNe rAjya meLavyuM. pitAnA AtmaghAtathI tene ghaNuM duHkha thayuM, tethI rAjagRha nagara akAruM lAgyuM ane khedathI mukta thaI na zakyo. AthI bIjuM zahera vasAvavA icchayuM ane te pramANe pharatAM pharatAM caMpaka nAmanuM moTuM vRkSa dekhAyuM tyAM caMpA nAme nagarI vasAvI; ane tyAM sainya vagere laI jaI kuNika rAjya karavA lAgyo. tenI sAthe vaizAlInA ceTaka sAthenuM yuddha ane vaizAlIno nAza e bInA AgaLa kahevAI gaI che. mahAvIranA samayamAM ja vaitAdyagirinI tamisrA guhA pAse devathI baLI bhasma thayo. A lagabhaga vIranA nirvANa pahelAM traNacAra varSe banyuM jaNAya che. udAyI - A pachI pradhAnoe tenA putra udAyanane gAdIe besAryo. te zrAvakavratamAM custa hato ane vIra pratye aDaga zraddhA rAkhato hato. Ane paNa jema potAnA pitAe rAjagRhamAM tenA pitAnuM maraNa thayuM hatuM tethI bahu kheda thatAM ane tyAM cena nahi paDavAthI caMpA nagarI vasAvI hatI, tema caMpAmAM potAnA pUrvajonuM maraNa thatAM cena na paDavAthI gaMgA nadI para pATalavRkSa hatuM tyAM nagara vasAvyuM ane pATaliputra 1. juo triSaSTi zalAkApuruSacaritra, parva 10muM - mahAvIra caritra (hemacaMdrakRta) bhASAMtara pR. 270. 1971nA vaizAkhanA jaina dharmaprakAza'nA taMtrI rAkuMvarajIbhAI jaNAve che ke "kuNikanI AMgaLImAM jIva paDyAnuM lakhyuM che, paNa jIva paDyA nahotA, rasI thayeluM hatuM, tethI ja tenI zAMti mATe zreNika rAjA te AMgaLI moDhAmAM rAkhatA hatA. jIva paDyA hoya to moDhAmAM rAkhe nahi" - rA. kuMvarajIbhAI mR. 133 paranI hakIkata parathI tema lakhavA dorAyA lAge che. temAM ema lakhyuM che ke : "te kUkaDIe karaDI khAdhI hatI. tenI pIDAthI rudana karatA te bALakanI AMgaLI ke je rudhirapathI vyApta hatI, tene rAjAe sneha vaDe mukhamAM nAkhI eTale e bALaka roto baMdha rahyo." - paNa temane pR. 270 jovA vinaMtI karIza. temAM je jaNAvyuM che te meM batAvyuM che. - lekhaka

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44 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto tenuM nAma ApyuM. teNe eka vairI rAjAnuM rAjya laI lIdhuM hatuM, tethI te duSTa tenuM vera levA 12 varSa sudhI sAdhuvrata pALI sAdhuvezamAM udAyI rAjAnuM khUna dharmakriyAmAM hato tyAre karyuM hatuM. caMpA (aMgadezanI rAjadhAnI) - tenA rAjA dadhivAhana saMbaMdhe kahevAI gayuM che. paNa yAda rAkhavAnuM che ke A caMpAthI kuNike vasAvelI caMpA to bhinna lAge che. vaizAlI (vatsadezanI rAjadhAnI) - tenA rAjA ceTaka saMbaMdhe ane tenA nAza saMbaMdhe paNa kahevAI gayuM che. vItabhaya (siMdhu dezanuM pATanagara) - tenA rAjA udAyana saMbaMdhe paNa kahevAI gayuM che. te rAjA traNaso tresaTha nagaravALA siMdhu sauvIra dezano rAjA hato. kosAMbI (vatsadezanI rAjadhAnI) - tenA rAjA zatAnIka ane pachI tenA putra udAyana saMbaMdhe kahevAI gayuM che. ujjayinI (avaMtI dezanI rAjadhAnI) - AnA rAjA caMDapradyota saMbaMdhe paNa kahevAI gayuM che. Ama je mahAna rAjAo hatA te saMbaMdhe kaMIka jANyuM. have bIjA nAnA rAjAo saMbaMdhe kaMI jANIe : | pRSTha caMpA nagarI - A himAlaya parvatanI uttara tarapha AvelI hatI. temAM zAla (moTo) ane mahAzAla (nAno) ema be bhAImAMthI zAla rAjA hato ane mahAzAla yuvarAja hato. te baMnee mahAvIra pAse dIkSA lIdhI hatI. tenI bahenanuM nAma yazomatI hatuM. tene piThara sAthe paraNAvI hatI ane tethI gAgalI nAme putra thayo. te gAgalI sAla pachI gAdI para beTho hato, ane teNe paNa potAnAM mAtApitA sahita potAnA putrane gAdI para besADI gautama svAmI pAse dIkSA lIdhI hatI. dazArNa deza - temAM dazArNa nAme nagara hatuM. temAM dazArNabhadra rAjA rAjya karato hato. tenI Rddhi samRddhi ghaNI hatI. vIra prabhu pAse te vaMdana karavA Avyo tyAM IdranI ddhi jotAM teno mada gaLI gayo, ane dIkSA lIdhI. AryadezamAM A dezanI paNa gaNatarI che, paraMtu tenA mukhya nagara tarIke mRttikAvatI e nAma Apela che. Adgaka deza - temAM mukhya nagara Ardaka hatuM. tyAM Ardaka nAme rAjA ane tene ArtanA nAme rANI hatI. te baMnenA putranuM nAma ArtakakumAra pADyuM hatuM. A dezanI anArya dezamAM gaNatrI che. Ardaka nagara baMdara hatuM, kAraNake tyAMthI vahANa mAraphate te ArdakakumAra Arya dezamAM Avyo hato evo ullekha jaina graMthomAM che. pahelAM teNe svayameva dIkSA lIdhA pachI gRhasthAzrama sevI punaH vIra prabhu pAse dIkSA lIdhI hatI. potanapura - AmAM somacaMdra rAjA rAjaya karato hato. tene dhAraNI nAme rANIthI prasannacaMdra nAme putra hato. A rAjA rAjyatyAga karI nAnI vayanA putrane gAdI para sthApI vanamAM parivrAjaka thayo ane rANInI sAthe tApasavratathI jhUMpaDAmAM rahevA lAgyo. (tApasavrata kevuM hatuM te viSe jaNAvela che ke jhUMpaDI te mahela, iMgudI phaLanA telanA dIvA te ja mANikyanA dIpaka, zraddhA e ja zreSTha aMtaHpura, ane pakSIo, mRgo te prItipAtra hatAM) ahIM rANIthI bIjo putra nAme valkalacIrI (tApasanA valkalamAM

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bhAratanI rAjakIya sthiti - rAjAo 45 poSAyelo mATe) thayo. (pachI valkalacIrIne kevalajJAna thAya che.) pachI somacaMdra muni mahAvIra tyAM AvatAM dIkSA le che. prasannacaMdra paNa dIkSA le che. ugra dhyAna karatAM te paNa rAjarSi kahevAyA ane chevaTe kevalajJAna prApta karyuM. zvetAMbI nagarI - jebUdvIpanA bhAratavarSamAM kaikyAddha dezamAM A nagarI rAjadhAnI hatI. ahIM adharmIno ziromaNi, jenA hasta niraMtara rudhirathI levAyelA ja rahe che evo, paralokanI darakAra vinAno ane puNyapApamAM nirapekSa evo pradeza nAmano rAjA hato. A vakhate zrAvastI nagarImAM jitazatru rAjA hato. tenA sahavAsathI pradezI rAjAno maMtrI nAme citrasArathi jainadharmAnuyAyI thayo. tyArapachI pArzvanAtha saMtAnIya kezi kumAra muni AvyA ane tenI sAthe rAjAe saMvAda karyo - te vAda paraloka, AtmA, vagere saMbaMdha che ane te saMvAda rAjaprazrIya (rAjAnA prazno jemAM che te) sUtramAM Apela che. rAjAe gurunI zikSA grahaNa karI. pachI tene tenI paTTarANI sUryakAMtAe annamAM viSa ApyuM ane te samyaka AlocanApUrvaka dharmadhyAnamAM mRtyu pAmyo. apApA(pApA)purI - ahIM rAjA hastipALa hato. teNe chellI mahAvIranI dezanA sAMbhaLI eTale te pratibodha pAmyo ane dIkSA laI mokSa gayo. Ane pAvApurI hAla kahevAmAM Ave che, paNa gujarAtanI pAvApurI te A pApApurI nathI te khAsa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che. A sivAya keTalAka rAjAnAM nAma Ave che te jaNAvIe. vaNika gAmamAM jitazatru nAme rAjA (ke jyAM AnaMda zrAvaka vasato hato), caMpA ke jeno kAmadeva zrAvaka rahevAsI hato teno jitazatru nAme rAjA, kAzI ke jeno vAsI culanI pitA zrAvaka hato teno jitazatru rAjA (A kAzI urphe vANArasI gaMgAnadI kAMThe Avela uttama nagarI hatI ane te kAzI dezanI rAjadhAnI hatI.) ane mithilA nagarIno rAjA janaka (A nagarI videha dezanI rAjadhAnI gaNAvelI che.). moTA rAjAo sivAya nAnI nAnI rAjavaMzI jAtio hatI te bauddha graMthomAMthI A pramANe maLI Ave che, ane te jAtionA nAyakane paNa "rAjA" kahevAmAM AvatA. 1. kapilavastunI zAkya-zAkIya ke jemAM buddhano janma thayo hato. 2. suMsumAra parvatanI bhaga 3. alakampanI buli 4. kesaputtanI kalAma 5. rAmagAmanI koliya 6. kusinArAnI malla 7. pAvAnI malla 8. pippalIvananI moriya 9. mithilAnI videha (vajijaya) 10. vesAlInI licchavI (varjiya) AmAM mahAvIra je jAtimAM janmyA hatA te jJAtRkajAti umerI zakAya ane uparyuktamAMnA madhya ane licchaka (bauddhamAM licchavI) jAtinA nava nava rAjAo maLI 18 rAjAoe pAvApurImAM mahAvIranuM nirvANa thatAM dIpamAlikA racI hatI ema

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46 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto jaNAvela che. ane te rAjA saMbaMdhe evuM varNaveluM che ke teo pAvApurImAM koI kArya mATe ekaThA thayelA hatA ane kAzI-kozala dezanA rAjAo ke jeo vaizAlInA rAjA ceTaka (ceDA) rAjAnI AjJA mAnanArA hatA teo hatA. A badhI bAbatanuM vizeSa jJAna ke khabara jainonAM aMgaupAMga joyA tapAsyA vagara maLI zake tema nathI. pahelAM hiMdustAna jaMbudvIpa ke bharatavarSa - bharatakhaMDa tarIke bolAvAto ane vikhyAti pAmyo hato. hiMdu e nAma siMdhu nadI parathI pAchaLathI thayuM che. jaina graMthomAM jaMbudvIpa e nAma vAraMvAra ane sthaLe sthaLe Ave che. AmAM Arya ane anArya deza evA bhAga paDelA che. sabhya, dharmazIla ane vivekI prajAjana jyAM hoya te dezane Arya deza kahevAmAM Avato. 2. bhAratanA bhinnabhinna dezo have judAjudA dezo tarapha AvIe. Arya deza : ArAt heyadharmemyo yAtAH prAptA upAdeyadhamairityAryAH - jeo heya dharmathI dUra gayA che ane jemaNe upAdeya dharma prApta karyo che tene 'Arya' kahevAmAM Ave che. - prajJApanA sUtra. e ja pramANe sUtrakRtAMgamAM AcArAMgamAM kahyuM che ke - ArAdre yAtA gatAH sarvaheyadharmebhyaH jeo sarva haya-tyAjya dharmathI dUra gayA che te Arya. tethI viparIta te anArya. e Arya jyAM vase che tene AryakSetra kahevAmAM Ave che. te deza 25 sADI pacavIza kahyA che. rAyagiha magahacaMpA, aMgA taha tAmalitti baMgAya / kaMcaNapuraM kaliMgA, vANArasI ceva kAsIya // 1 // sAeya kosalA gayapUraM ca kurisoriyaM kusaDhDhA ya / kaMpillaM paMcAlA, ahichattA jaMgalA ceva / / 2 / / dAravatI ya suraThThA, mihila videhA ya vaccha kosaMbI / naMDhipuraM saMDichA, madipurameva mAyA 5 | 3 || vairADa macchavaraNA, acchA taha matiyAvaI dasaNA / sottiyamaiyA cedI, bIibhayaM siMdhu sovIrA / / 4 // mahurA ya sUraseNA, pAvA bhaMgI ya mAsa purivathA / sAvatthI ya kuNAlA, koDIvarisaM ca lADhA ya // 5 // seyaMviyA viyanagarI, keyai addhaM ca ArIyaM bhaNiya / etthuppatti jiNANaM, cakkINaM rAyakaNhANaM // 6 // - prajJApanA 1 5.

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bhAratanA bhinnabhinna dezo jyAre saMskRtamAM zrImad hemacaMdrAcArye triSaSTizalAkApurapacaratramAM te ja vAta A pramANe jaNAvI che. te cAryadezA nagarairupalakSyA ime yathA / 669 // rAjagRheNa magadhA aMgadezastu caMpayA / / 666 || vaMgA punastAmraliptayA vANArasyA ca kAzayaH / kAMcanapuryA kaliMgAH sAketena ca kauzalAH / / 667 / / kuravo gajapureNa sauryeNa ca kuzArttakAH / kAMpIlyena ca paMcAlA ahicchatreNa jAMgalAH // 668 // videhAstu mithilayA dvArAvatyA surASTrakAH / vatsAzca kauzAMbIpuryA malayA bhadrilena tu // nAMdipureNa saMdarbhA varuNAH punarucchayA vairATena punarmatAH zuktimasyA gha veyaH || dazArNA mRttikAvatya vItabhaye mithavaH / sauvIrAstu mathurayA zUrasenAstvapApayA / / 671 / / bhaMgyA mAsa purI varttAH zrAvastyA va kuNAlakAH / koTIvarSeNa lATAzca zvetambyA ketakArddhakAH / / 672 // AryadezA amI ebhirnagarerupalakSitA / tIrthakRccakrabhRtkRSNa balAnAM janma yeSu hi / / 673 || 670 || mukhya nagara rAjagRha nagara caMpA nagarI dezanAma magadha deza aMga deza vaMga deza kaliMga deza kAzI deza kauzala deza kuru deza kuzAvartta deza pAMcAla deza jaMgala deza saurASTra deza videha deza vatsa deza zAMDilya deza malaya deza matsya deza tApralipti nagara kAMcanapura nagara vANA2sI nagara sAketapura nagara gajapura nagara saurIpura nagara kAMpilapura nagara ahicchatrA nagarI dvArAvatI nagarI mithilA nagarI kosaMbI nagarI naMdIpura nagarI ddilapura vairATa nagarI 47 grAmasaMkhyA 6600 hajAra pa00 hajAra pa0 hajAra 100 hajAra 192 hajAra 99 hajAra 87325 14083 383 hajAra 145 hajAra 6805 hajAra 8 hajAra 28 hajAra 10 hajAra 700 hajAra 80 hajAra

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48 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto varuNa deza ucchApurI nagarI 24 hajAra dazArNa deza mRttikAvatI nagarI 1892 hajAra cedi deza zaktikAvatI nagarI 6800 hajAra (zuktimatI) siMdhusauvira deza vItabhayapattana nagara 68500 zUrasena deza mathurAnagarI 68 hajAra bhaMga deza pAvApurI nagarI 36 hajAra mAsa deza parivaTTA (purIvatA) nagarI 142 hajAra kuNAla deza sAvathI (zrAvastI) nagarI 63053 lATa deza koTavarSa nagara 2103 hajAra kekaI deza ketaka) zvetAMbikA nagarI A ardha Arya deza che. have anArya deza 31974 || che, temAMthI keTalAekanAM nAma hemacaMdra Ape che mlecchAstu zakA yavanAH zarbarA barbarA api / kAyAruMDA uDrAzca goDrAH patkaNakA api // 679 // arapAkAzca hUNAzca romakAH pArasA api / khasAzca khAsikA DaumbilikAzca lakusA api // 680 / / bhillA aMdhrA bukkasA zca puliMdAH krauMcakA api / bhamararutAH kuMcAzca cInava zcuka mAlavAH // 681 / / draviDAzca kulakSAzca kirAtAH kaikayA api hayamukhA gajamukhA sturagAjamukhA api // 682 / / hayakarNA gajakarNA anAryA apare'pihi / mA yeSu na jAnaMti dharma ityakSarANyapi / / 683 / / - zaka deza, yavana deza, zabaradeza, barbara deza, kAma deza, mujDa deza, ugra deza, gor3a deza, patthaNa deza, arapAka deza, hUNa deza, romaka, pArasa, khasa, khAsika, Dombilika, lakusa, bhila, aMdha, bukkasa, puliMda, krauMcaka, bhamarUta, kuMca, cIna, cUka, mAlava, draviDa, kulakSa, kirAta, kekaya hayamukha, gajamukha, turagAjamukha, hayakarNa, gajakarNa - e sivAya bIjA paNa anArya dezo che. ukta anArya dezomAM mAnavo dharma evA akSaro ja jANatA nathI. (brAhmaNonuM Aditya purANa ke jenA racAyAno kAla nirmIta nathI yA amane ajJAta che te lagabhaga sarva dezo anArya hatA evuM jaNAve che ke jemAM jaina graMthomAM jaNAvela AryadezomAMnA ghaNAno samAveza thaI jAya che. te sarva anArya dezonAM nAma ahIM tulanA karavA arthe ApavAM ThIka thaI paDaze - tenI sAthe te dezomAM javAnuM niSiddha karela che. kAMcI kAzyapa saurASTra devarASTro'ndhra matsyajAH / kAverI koMkaNA hUNAste dezA ninditA bhRzam / /

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bhAratanA bhinnabhinna dezo 49 paMcanadyo vahantyetA yatra niHsRtya parvatAt / AraTTA nAma te dezA na teSvAryo'nvahaM vaset // narmadAsiMdhukauzInAM pAraM padmasya pazcimam / gatvA narakamAyAti tIrthakAlAdhikaM vasan // aMgavaMgakaliMgAzca lATamAlavikAstathA / narmadAdakSiNe yazca siMdhoruttarameva ca // pauMDrAzceva surASTrAzca vaidyamAgadhikAstathA / na vivAhaM tathA zrAddhaM yajJaM caiva samAcaret / / pApadezAzca ye kecit pApairadhyaSitA janaiH / gatvA dezAnapuNyAMstu kRtsnaM pApaM samaznute // saurASTra siMdhu sauvIramAvantyaM dakSiNApatham / gatvaitAnkAmato dezAn kaliMgAzca patet dvijaH / / - kAMcI, kAzyapa, saurASTra, devarASTra, aMdha, matsya, kAverI, koMkaNa, hUNa - A deza ati niMdita che. jyAM parvatathI nIkaLI pAMca nadI vahe che te AraTTa dezamAM Aryoe vasavuM nahIM. narmadA siMdhu, kauzInA sAme pAra ane padmanI pazcime jaIne tIrthakAlathI adhika vasanAra narakamAM jAya che. aMga, vaMga, kaliMga, lATa, mAlavika, narmadAnI dakSiNe Avela deza, ane siMdhunI uttare Avela pradeza, poMDa, surASTra, vaidya, magadha, A dezomAM vivAha, zrAddha, ane yajJa karavAM na joIe. je keTalAka pApI mANasothI vasAyelA hoI pApadezo che te apuNya dezamAM javAthI samasta pApanA bhAgI thavAya che. saurASTra siMdhu, sauvIra, avantIno dakSiNApatha, kaliMga - A dezamAM IcchApUrvaka javAthI dvija patita thAya che. aitihAsika daSTie vicAra karanAra vAcaka sahaja joI zakaze ke upalA utArAmAM gaNAvelA saghaLA dezomAM eka vakhata mleccha ane anArya lokanI vastI thaI gaI hatI. hiMdusthAnanA judA judA bhAgomAM jema jema mleccha loko dhasatA gayA tema tema varya dezonI yAdI vakhatovakhata vadhatI gaI. paNa e ja pleccho jate dahADe dezamAM samAI gayA. deza nirNaya' - amuka bhAga pavitra ane amuka apavitra e vicAra jato rahyo." - vasaMta ASADha 1970) A sADA paccIza Arya deza te A bharatakSetranA dakSiNArdhva bhAganA madhya khaMDa viSe che. AmAM tIrthakara, cajhi, rAma (baladeva), kRSNa (vAsudeva) Adi tresaTha uttama puruSo janma pAme che. temaja zaka ane yavanAdika 31974|| anArya deza che temAM badhA anArya loko vase che. AryakSetra sImA nizItha cUrNimAM kahela che ? magahA kosaMbIyA, thUNA visao kuNAlavisao ya / ___ esA vihArabhUmI pattA AyariyaM khettaM / / / - pUrvamAM magadha deza, dakSiNamAM kauzAMbI, ane pazcimamAM ghUNA (?) ane uttaramAM kuNAla deza (sAvathI nagarI) te Aryadeza vihArabhUmi che. AmAMthI keTalAka viSe hAlanI jaNAyela bhaugolika hakIkata sAthe jaNAvIe. temAM mukhya AdhAra DaoNkTara

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto hAisa DeviDsakRta "bauddha bhArata' nAmanA pustakamAM bauddhagraMthonA AdhAre je jaNAvela che teno lIdho che : jema jainomAM deza saMbaMdhI TIpa A pramANe ApI che tema bauddha graMthomAM 16 dezanI TIpa ApI che : aMga, magadha, kAzI, kozala, vajjI, mallA, ceTi, vaMza (vatsa), kuru, paMcAla, maccha (masya), sUrasenA, assaka, avantI, gaMdhAra ane kaMboja. A baMne TIpa sarakhAvatAM ghaNuM samAnapaNuM mAlUma paDe che. paNa avaMtInuM nAma jaina pramANe Arya dezanI TIpamAM khAsa karIne nathI tethI kadAca teno samAveza mAlava nAmanA anArya tarIke gaNAvela dezamAM thato hovo joIe. kAraNake jainanI TIpa bauddha karatAM moTI ane vistAravALI che, ane Arya dezanI TI5mAM na hovAthI gaMdhAra, kaMboja Adine anArya deza jainoe gaNelA hovA joIe athavA vadhAre saMbhivata rIte teno koI Arya dezamAM samAveza thato hovo joIe. 50 1. magadha hAlamAM bihAra nAmano prAMta che te magadha deza hato. saMbhavita rIte te vakhate tenI sImA uttare gaMgA nadI, pUrve caMpA nadI, dakSiNe viMdhyAcala parvata, ane bauddha graMtha vinayapiTakamAM jaNAvyA pramANe temAM ane aMgadezamAM maLIne eMsI hajAra grAma hatAM ane teno gherAvo (parigha) traNaso lIga eTale Azare trevIsaso mAIla hato ema eka bauddha graMthamAM jaNAvela che; jyAre upara joI gayA tema jaina graMtha ekalA magadha dezamAM cha hajAra cha so chAsaTha lAkha grAma hatAM ema jaNAve che. 2. aMga - aMga loko magadhanI pUrve Avela dezamAM vasatA hatA ane tenI rAjadhAnI caMpA hatuM ke je hAlanA bhAgalapura pAse Avela hatuM. tenI sImAnI khabara nathI. bauddhanA graMtha pramANe buddhanA vakhatamAM te magadhane tAbe hatuM, ane teNe pAchI svataMtratA meLavI hoya evuM jaNAtuM nathI. AnI pUrve te svataMtra hatuM ane AsapAsanA pADozI rAjyo sAthe yuddha thavAnI kathAo maLe che. buddhanA vakhatamAM aMgarAja mAtra saMpattimAna amIra jevo hato, ane teNe amuka brAhmaNane jivAI bAMdhI ApI hatI ema bauddha graMthamAMthI maLI Ave che. jaina graMthamAMthI evuM jaNAya che ke caMpAno rAjA dadhivAhana hato. te vaizAlI nagarInA rAjA ceTakanI putrI padmAvatI athavA bIjuM nAma dhAraNIne paraNyo hato. tenA para kauzAMbInA rAjA zatAnIke caDAI karI hatI ane tethI te rAjA nAsI gayo hato. zatAnIka lUMTa karI kauzAMbI Avyo. pAchaLathI dadhivAhananuM zuM thayuM te kaMI jaNAtuM nathI. I.sa.562thI 556nI vacamAM caMpA kauzAMbI (vatsadezane) - bauddha pramANe magadha dezane nahi tAbe thayuM haze. alabatta pachI jaina graMthomAM jaNAvyA pramANe caMDapradyota nAmanA avaMtInA rAjAe kauzAMbI para caDAI karI hatI ane te vakhate zatAnIka rAjA maraNa pAmyo hato. ane te caMDapradyotane bAMdhIne rAjagRhamAM (magadhanI rAjadhAnImAM) zreNika rAjAnA putra abhayakumAre ANyo hato. -- 3. kAzI - te hAlanA kAzImAM rahela loko hatA. bauddhanA graMtha parathI jaNAya che ke buddhanA vakhatamAM bhAratanuM A prakhyAta prAcIna rAjya eTalI badhI rAjakIya nabaLI dazAmAM AvI paDyuM hatuM ke tenI rAjyanI AmadAnI mATe magadha ane kozala vacce yuddha cAlatuM hatuM. ane te rAjyane kozalamAM joDI devAmAM AvyuM hatuM, bauddhanA jAtaka graMthamAM te dezano piragha be hajAra mAIla karatAM vadhu jaNAve che. teNe kadI

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bhAratanA bhinnabhinna dezo svataMtratA punaH meLavI nathI. tenI sImA zuM hatI te jaNAtuM nathI. 4. kozala - te loka je rAjyamAM rahetA hatA tenI rAjadhAnI sAvathI hatuM ke je hAlanA nepAlamAM hAlanA gorakhapuranI vAyavya koNamAM 70 mAIla cheTe hatuM. tenI aMdara vaNArasI ane sAketano samAveza thato hato ane tenI sImA saMbhavita rIte e hatI ke dakSiNe gaMgA nadI, pUrve gaMDaka nadI ane uttare parvato Avela hatA. zAkya lokoe I.sa. pUrve 7mA zatakamAM kozalanuM Adhipatya svIkAryuM hatuM. Ama bauddha graMthamAMthI jaNAya che. jaina graMtha pramANe kozala dezanI rAjadhAnI sAketapura kahela che (ke jeno samAveza thaI jato hato ema upara jaNAvyuM che) jyAre sAvathI nagarI e kuNAla dezanI rAjadhAnI hatI. to kadAca dezano samAveza kozalamAM thato hoya to kahevAya nahIM. vaLI bauddha graMtho parathI jaNAya che ke A rAjya ane magadha rAjya vacce rAjakIya yuddha thatAM hatAM. A rAjya gaMgA ane parvatonA vaccenA pradezamAM Avela loko 52 jIta meLavI tene vaza karyA hatA. magadha ane kozala e be rAjyamAMthI koNa bhAratamAM moTuM gaNAya te saMbaMdhIno jhaghaDo, magadhane licchavI jevuM svataMtra ane zaktivALuM rAjya madada ApavA taiyAra thayuM, tethI dUra thayo. kozaloe kAzI 52 aneka caDAIo buddhanA vakhata pahelAMnA tenA rAjA nAme vaMka, dakhkhasena ane kaMse karelI hatI. ane chevaTe kaMsa rAjAe kAzI para jIta meLavI tethI tenuM nAma 'kAzIjit' paDyuM. 51 5-6. videha - videhIo ane licchavI e be moTAM ane bIjAM cha nAnAM ema ATha rAjyo maLI 'vajjiyana' kahevAtA. videha e buddha karatAM pUrvanA kALamAM eka juduM rAjya hatuM ema daMtakathA jaNAve che, jyAre buddhanA vakhatamAM eka prajAsattAka rAjya jevuM hatuM ema bauddha graMthamAMthI jaNAya che. tene judA rAjya tarIke lekhatAM tenuM kada Azare 23000 mAIla parighamAM hatuM ema kahevAmAM Ave che. tenI rAjadhAnI mithilA licchavInI rAjadhAnI nAme vaizAlIthI vAyavya koNamAM Azare 35 mAIla dUra hatI. tyAM mahAna janaka rAjA bauddha dharmanA udayanI pahelAM thoDA samaya agAu rAjya karato hato. ane e saMbhavita che ke hAlanuM janakapura nAmanuM zahera te mahAna kSatriya vidvAna ane pUrvanA eka philasUpha evA janakarAjAnuM smaraNa jALavI rAkhe che. jaina graMtha nAme hemacaMdranA mahAvIra ciratra' para najara nAkhatAM mahAvIra potAnA vihAra daramyAna mithilAnagarImAM rAjagRhathI vihAra karI AvyA hatA. ane te vakhate temane vaMdana karavA arthe janaka rAjAe AvI sukhazAtA pUchI pUjA karI hatI. A janaka rAjA eka hoya ema mAnI zakAtuM nathI. mahAvIre ahIMthI vihAra karI vizAlA nagarI (ke jenA lokane bauddhamAM licchavI' jaNAvyA che)mAM 11muM comAsuM karyuM hatuM. A parathI jaNAya che ke mithilA nagarI te rAjagRha ne vizAlI nagarInI vacamAM Avela hovIjoIe. vizAlI nagarIne vizAlApurI e nAma ApyuM che. Ano rAjA A vakhate ceTaka nAmano hato ane tenI 7 kuMvarI paikI cha judAjudA rAjAone paraNI hatI ke je upara jaNAvI dIdhela che. ahIM khAsa jaNAvavAnuM ke vizAlI nagarI jenI rAjadhAnI che te dezanuM A 25! Arya dezanI TIpamAM nAma ApyuM nathI. A parathI kadAca

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para jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta ItihAsa ane siddhAMto vizAlInagarIno samAveza bIjA dezamAM thato hoya to te saMbhavita che, agara te nAnuM sarakhuM paraMtu upayogI rAjya hoya te saMbhavita che. 7. ceTi - Ane cedi paNa kahevAmAM Avela che. AnAM be judAM saMsthAna hatAM. temAMnuM eka saMbhavita rIte jUnuM te hAla jyAM nepAla deza che temAM parvatomAM AvelA hatuM. ane bIjuM tenAthI saMbhavita rIte navuM te kozAMbI pAse pUrva tarapha hatuM. keTalAka tene vatsadeza sAthe gaNI goTALo kare che, paNa Ane tethI juduM ja pADavAmAM Avela che tethI te juduM ja hovuM joIe. jaina pramANe AnI rAjadhAnInuM zahera zuktikAvatI e khAsa Apela che. 8. vatsa (bauddhamAM vaMsA) - te vatsono deza che ke jenI rAjadhAnI kosAMbI karIne che. te avaMtInI tarata ja uttara ane jamanA nadInA kAMThA upara Avela hatI. A saMbaMdhe bauddha ane jeno sarakhI rIte hakIkata Ape che. - AnuM mukhya nagara jaina pramANe gajapura kahela che, jyAre bauddha graMtha pramANe Idraprastha che. indraprastha hAlanI dilhI pAse hatuM. A dezanI uttare pAMcAla ane dakSiNe matsya deza hato. bauddhanA jAtakagraMtha AdhAre A dezano gherAvo behajAra mAIla hato. buddha ane mahAvIranA samayamAM AnI rAjakIya upayogitA vizeSa hatI nahIM. 10. pAMcAla - AnuM mukhya nagara kAMDilya ke jene bauddhamAM kaMpila kahevAmAM AvyuM che te hatuM. bauddha graMtha pramANe be pAMcAla deza sAthesAthe hatA. temAM ekanuM uparyukta ane bIjAnuM kanoja nAme nagara mukhya nagara hatAM. A deza kuru dezanI pUrve Avela hato. 11. matsya (maccha) - jenagraMtha pramANe AnI rAjadhAnI virATa nagarI hatI.A kurudezanI dakSiNe ane jamanA nadInI pazcime Avela hato. jamanAnI eka bAjue A deza ane bIjI bAjue dakSiNa pAMcAla hato. ' 12. zUrasena deza - tenI rAjadhAnI mathurA (bI. madhurA) hatI. ene te matsya dezanA barAbara naiRtya koNamAM ane jamanA nadInA pazcime Avela hato. 13. bhagna - A dezanI rAjadhAnI pAvApurI hatI. bauddhamAM paNa susumAra parvata pAse bhagna jAti rahetI hatI ane pAvAmAM madha jAti vasatI hatI ema jaNAvyuM che. to pAvApurI susumAra parvata pAse Avela gaNI zakAya. cInanA pravAsI lakhI gayA che te pramANe pAvAnI madhvajAtino pradeza parvatanA DhoLAvo upara zAkya bhUminI pUrve ane vajijayanA dezanI uttare hato, paraMtu keTalAka te pradeza zAkyabhUminI dakSiNe ane varjiyanA dezanI pUrve hato ema jaNAve che. ukta malla jAti kuzinArAmAM paNa rahetI hatI. baMne zaheranI madhya jAti svataMtra jAti hatI. 14. saurASTra - hAla jene kAThiyAvADa ne gujarAta kahevAmAM Ave che te. tenI rAjadhAnI dvArAmatI (hAlanuM dvArakA) hatI. te baMdara hatuM. bauddha graMthamAM kAMboja nAmano deza hato ane te chevaTanA vAyavya khUNAmAM Avela hato, ane tenI rAjadhAnI dvArakA hatI ema jaNAvela che. * * * * * * * * *

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bhAratanA bhinnabhinna dezo 53 A sivAya bauddhagraMthamAM assaka, avantI ane gAMdhAra nAma Apela che. assaka - buddhanA vakhatamAM godAvarInA tIre vaseluM saMsthAna hatuM, ane tenI rAjadhAnI potana urphe poTali hatuM. (A jenamAM jaNAvyA pramANe mahAvIranA ziSya prasannacaMdra rAjarSi je nagaramAM rAjya karatA hatA te potanapura ja ane AnA para te rAjarSi pachI teno bAla putra gAdI para hato tyAre avaMtInA rAjAe caDAI karavA taiyArI karI hatI ema kathA parathI spaSTa jaNAya che.) A zUrasena ane avantInI vacamAM Avela deza hato. avantI - mukhya nagara ujajaiNimAM rAjA caMDapradyota ke jenA vize AgaLa ghaNuM kahevAI gayuM che te rAjya karato hato. pAchaLathI A dezano moTo bhAga siMdhu nadInI khINamAMthI AvI je Arya loka kacchanA akhAtamAMthI pazcima tarapha gayA hatA teNe laI lIdho hato. gaMdhAra - hAlanuM kaMdahAra, pUrva aphagAnistAnano deza ane ghaNuM karI temAM paMjAbanA vAyavya khUNAmAMno pradeza samAI jato hato. tenI rAjadhAnI takSilA hatI. buddhanA vakhatamAM tenA rAjA puksAtie magadhanA rAjA bismisAra pAse potAnA patra sAthe eka elacI mokalyo hato ema kahevAmAM Ave che. keTalAMka mukhya zahero : 1. ayodhyA - sarayU nadI para kozala dezamAM Avela zahera hatuM. tenI prakhyAti rAmAyaNanA nAyaka rAmacaMdrajInI rAjadhAnI tarIke thaI che. Ane mahAbhAratamAM paNa jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM nathI, ane A samayamAM te jANItuM gaNAtuM ja nahIM 2. varANasI (banArasa hAlanuM) - gaMgA nadInA uttara kinArA para tenA ane varaNa nadInA saMgamasthAne Avela zara. tenI sImAmAM varaNa nadI ane asi nAmanI nAnI nadI vacceno bhAga AvI jato hato ane te nAma parathI ja jaNAya che. lagabhaga 85 mAIlano vistAra khUddha mahAvIranA samaya pahelAM hato. A vAta avizvAsane pAtra nathI kAraNake megAsthanIsa rAjagRhamAM raheto hato ane teNe rAjagRhanI killAnI dIvAlono vistAra lagabhaga 25 mAIla jaNAvela che. AmAM paMDitonA vAdo bahu thatA hatA. 3. caMpA - caMpA nadI para Avela aMgadezanuM prAcIna pATanagara hatuM. kaniMgahAma kahe che ke te bhAgalapuranI pUrve 24 mAIla para caMpA nAmanuM gAma che tyAM te nagarI AvelI hatI AnA karatAM jUnuM nagara caMpA nAmanuM kAzamIramAM hatuM. 4. kaMpila - uttara paMcAlanI rAjadhAnI. gaMgA nadInA uttara kinArA para hatuM. 5. kosAMbI - vatsa dezanI rAjadhAnI. gaMgA nadI para, varANasI nagarathI 230 mAIla para Avela hatI. dakSiNa ane pazcima bhAga taraphathI AvI kozala ane magadha dezamAM javA mATe atre AvavuM paDatuM. kosAMbIthI rAjagRha javAno rasto gaMgA nadI sAthe cAlato. 6. madhurA - jamanA para zUrasena dezanI rAjadhAnI, hAlanuM mathurA che te ja.

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54 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto buddhanA vakhatamAM AnA rAjAne "avantIputra kahevAmAM Avato tethI tene ane ujjanane rAjAne sagapaNa hatuM ema jaNAya che. 7. mithilA - videhanI rAjadhAnI. hAlano tihata deza, teno vistAra 7 mAIla jeTalo kahela che. 8. rAjagRha - magadhanuM pATanagara. hAlanuM rAjagira. bismisAra rAjAe baMdhAveluM hatuM. bauddha graMtha pramANe tyAra pachI zizunAga rAjAe tyAMthI rAjadhAnI pheravI vaizAlI karI hatI. ane tenA putra kAlAzoke vaizAlIthI pheravI pATaliputramAM (hAlanA paTanA pAse) rAjadhAnI karI hatI. 9. rorUka (pachIthI rorUva) - sovira dezanuM pATanagara, ke je parathI hAlanuM surata e nAma udbhavela che. badhA bhAgamAMthI ane magadhamAMthI ahIM sArthavAha AvatA. A baMdara hatuM. A kyAM hatuM te barAbara nirNata thayuM nathI, topaNa A to cokkasa che ke te kacchanA akhAta para hAlanA khArAgoDA pAse Avela hatuM. AnI paDatI thayA pachI AnuM sthAna bharUkache (hAlanA bharUca) ane suppArake lIdhuM. baMne kAThiyAvADa dvIpakalpanI dakSiNe ekabIjAthI sAmI dizAe Avela hatAM. 10. sAgala - maddonuM mukhya nagara. 11. sAketa - keTalIka vakhata kozalanuM mukhyanagara hatuM. buddhanA vakhatamAM tenI rAjadhAnI sAvathI nagarI hatI. baMne pAsepAse hatAM. baMne vacce aMtara 45 mAIla hatuM. rastAmAM nadI AvatI hatI. 12. sAvathI - zrAvastI, kozalanI rAjadhAnI, rAjAnuM nAma parsanAdi hatuM ke jenA viSe upara kaMIka kahevAI gayuM che. sAketathI 6, rAjagRhathI vAyavya khUNAmAM 4pa, sudhdhArakanA IzAnakhUNAmAM 100 karatAM vadhAre, saMkathI 30 lIga dUra hatuM ane acirAvatI nadInA kinArA para Avela hatuM. 13. ujjainI - avaMtInuM mukhya nagara, rAjagRhathI pa0 lIga dUra. 14. vezAlI - magadharAjAnA, ane nepAla rAjAnA pUrvajo - maurya ane guptavaMzI rAjA sAthe sagapaNathI joDAyelI licchavI jAtinI rAjadhAnI. vajiyajAtinuM mukhya sthAna. pAchaLathI ajAtazatrue A jAtine harAvI hatI paNa taddana saMpUrNapaNe te bhagna thaI na hatI. vihata tAlukAmAM gaMgA nadIthI 35 mAIla dUra, rAjagRhathI rUpa mAIla dUra hovuM joIe. AnI pAse Avela parAmAM (kSatriyakuMDamAM) mahAvIra janmela hatA. ahIM prastuta kAlathI prAcIna maMdiro hatAM. have mahAvIra prabhue dIkSA lIdhA pachI je je gAma, zahera ane dezamAM vihAra karyo tenAM anukrame nAma ApIzuM ke jethI koIpaNa gAma, zahera ane deza kyAM Avela hatAM ane kenI kenI pAse Avela hatAM tenI khabara - mAhitI maLe. mahAvIranA vihAramAM AvelAM sthaLo : prathama cha varSano vihAra - kumaragAma, kolA gAma, morAgAma, asthikagAma - mULa nAma vartumAnagAma, (zUlapANInA upasarga)-prathama comAsuM. moka (puna:) - A

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bhAratanA bhinnabhinna dezo papa gAma vIranA pitA siddhArthanuM hatuM. uttara cAvAla gAma, zvetAMbI nagarI jatAM kanakakhaLa AzramamAM daSTiviSa sarpane bUjhavI pAchA uttara cAvALa gAma samIpe AvyA. zvetAMbI nagarI, surabhipura, gaMgA nadI pAse (sudaSTa nAmanA nAgakumAranA upasarga), sthaNAka gAma, rAjagRha nagara (tenA nAlaMdA pADAmAM) - gozALo prathama maLyo, - ahIM bIjuM comAsuM karyuM. kollAkagAma, svarNakhala nAmanuM sthAna, brAhmaNa grAma, pavakALa gAma, kumAra (saMniveza), corAkagAma (govALiyAe kUvAmAM nAMkhyA), ane pRSThacaMpA nagarI, trIjuM comAsuM. kRtamaMgaLanagara, zrAvastInagarI, harigAma (agni upasarga), lAgalagAma, Avarta gAma, corAkagAma, kaluMbakagAma, anArya dezamAM -- lATadeza, pUrNakalazagAma, bhadilapura tyAM cothuM comAsuM. kadalIsamAgama gAma, jaMbukhaMDa gAma, taMbAka gAma, kUpikA gAma (rakSakono mAra), vizALApurI tarapha jatAM gozALo rAjagRha tarapha gayo ne pachI te purImAM AvyA, grAmaka gAma, bibhelaka gAma, zAlizIrSa gAma (kaTapUtanA vyaMtarInA upasarga), prabhune lokAvadhijJAna thayuM. bhadrikApurI, chaThuM comAsuM. ahIM gozALo maLyo. bIjA varSano vihAra - magadha dezamAM 8 mAsa, AlabhikA nagarI (7muM comAsuM), kuMDaka gAma, bahuzaLa gAma (zAlAya vyaMtarIno niSkAraNa upasarga), lohArgala gAma (jitazatru rAjA rAjya karato hato.), purimatAla nagara, uSNAka gAma, rAjagRhanagara (AThamuM comAsuM). vrajabhUmi, zuddha bhUmi, lATa vagere myuccha dezo, (tyAM navamuM cAturmAsa). siddhArthapura, kUrmagrAma, siddhArthapura nagara, vaizALI nagarI, vANijaka gAma tarapha cAlatAM maMDiTIkA nadI, vANijaka grAma, (AnaMda zrAvaka), zrAvastI nagarI (dazamuM comAsuM); sAnuyaSTika grAma. (bhadrA, mahA bhadrA, sarvato bhadrA pratimA dhyAna), daDha bhUmi nAmanI svecchabhUmimAM peDhALA gAma (mahA pratimA dhyAna.) - (saMgama devanA vIza mahAnuM upasarga), vAlaka grAma, gokuLa gAma, AlabhikA nagarI, zvetAMbI nagarI, zrAvastI nagarI, kauzAMbI nagarI, vArANasI nagarI, rAjagRha nagara, mithilApurI (janaka rAjA), vizAlI nagarI (11 muM comAsuM) (jIrNazreSThi ne navIna zreSThi - pAraNuM). susumArapura (camareMdrano utpAta), bhogapurI, naMdIgrAma, kauzAMbI (caMdanabAlA), sumaMgaLa gAma, satyotra gAma, pAlaka gAma, caMpAnagarI (AtmAnuM svarUpa brAhmaNane kahyuM, (12muM comAsuM); jaibhaka gAma, meDhaka gAma, mAni gAma (govALiyAnA khIlA kAnamAM), madhyama apApA nagarI (khIlA kADhyA), bhaka gAma (RjupAlikA nAmanI moTI nadIvALuM) sarva maLI 12 varSa 1 pAkSika tyAM kevala jJAna, apApA nagarI (mahAsana vana), 11 gaNadharane dIkSA ane caMdanabAlA-dIkSA, pachI kevala jJAna thayA pachI 30 varSa - vihAra karatAM rAjagRha nagara AvyA. (meghakumAranI dIkSA, naMdiSeNanI dIkSA)... brAhmaNa kuMDa gAma (devAnaMdA, RSabhadatta lIdhela dIkSA.).....kSatriyakuMDa -

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pada, jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto jamAI jamAlie 500 kSatri sAthe, ane putrI priyadarzanAe 1000 strIo sAthe dIkSA lIdhI. zrAvastI nagarI - (jamAlinI bhinnatA prabhunA kevala jJAna pachI 12 varSa)... caMpAnagarI, kauzAMbI, (1 brAhmaNa, ne 499 core dIkSA lIdhI, mRgAvatI rANI tathA caMDapradyota rAjAnI aMgAravatI vagere 8 strIoe lIdhelI dIkSA.) vANijaka grAmanuM kollAka nAmanuM paruM - AnaMda zrAvaka, caMpAnagarI - kAladeva zrAvaka, kAzI - culanI pitA zrAvaka, surA deva zrAvaka, AlabhikA nagarI - yuddhazatika zrAvaka, kAMpIlyapura - kuMDagoLika gRhasthAzrAvaka, paulAzapura - zabdAla putra zrAvaka, rAjagRha-mahAzataka zrAvaka, zrAvastIpurI - naMdinIpitA zrAvaka, lAMtaka-pitA zrAvaka, kauzAMbI nagarI,-sUryacaMdra vimAna avataMraNa, mRgAvatInuM kevalajJAna, caMdanAne kevalajJAna, zrAvatI nagarI - gozALAnuM mRtyu, meMDhaka, potanapura, rAjagRha - prasannacaMdrane kevalajJAna, pRSThacaMpA nagarI - rAjA sAla ane yuvarAja mahAsAlanI dIkSA, caMpA purI - sAla, mahAsAla, gAgalI ane gAgalInA mAtApitA yazomatI ane piTharane kevalajJAna, dazArNa nagara - rAjA dazArNabhadranI dIkSA, rAjagRha pAse vaibhAragiri - dhanAzAlibhadranI dIkSA - rohiNaya coranI dIkSA, zreNika ne caMDapradyota, marUmaMDaLa - udAyana rAjAne dIkSA, rAjagRha, apApA - tyAMnA rAjA hastipALanI dIkSA, 16 pahora prabhunI dezanA - nirvANa-dIpotsavI (kartika ane ApaNA Aso vadI amAvAsyAne dine rAtrie vi. saMvata 470 pahelAM), tyArathI divALI parvanI utpatti. vIre kevalajJAna thayA pachInAM trIza varSomAM 12 comAsAM rAjagRhamAM, 11 vizAlAmAM, 6 mithilAmAM, ane chelluM pAvApurImAM ema trIza comAsAM karyA. 3. bhAratanI sAmAjika sthiti jyAre buddhano ane mahAvIrano janma thayo tyAre bhAratavarSa vaidikadharmathI udbhavela viSamatAe pIDAtuM hatuM, pRthvI upara aneka prakAranI je sAmAjika viSamatA utpanna thayela che, temAM bhAratavarSanI I.sa. pUrva 7mAM saikAmAMnI varNaviSamatA jevuM mahAna duHkha koIpaNa samAjamAM kyAreya pracAra pAmyuM nathI. A saMbaMdhamAM baMgAlI vidvAna baMkimacaMdra caTTopAdhyAye suMdara bhASAmAM jaNAvyuM che : bIjI jAti saMjogAnusAra prANadaMDanI sajAne lAyaka Thare paraMtu brAhmaNoe seMkaDo aparAdha karyA hoya topaNa teo A sajA mATe eka apavAdarUpa ja gaNAya." "brAhmaNa tamAruM sarva rIte aniSTa karI zake, paraMtu tamArAthI brAhmaNanuM leza paNa aniSTa thaI zake nahi." brAhmaNane page paDI tenI caraNaraja tame mastake caDAvo paraMtu zUdrane to tamArAthI aDakAya ja nahi. teno sparza thayela pANI paNa upayogamAM na levAya. A pRthvI uparanA koI paNa sukhano tene adhikAra nahIM. teNe to mAtra nIca vRttinuM avalaMbana karavuM. jiMdagAnInuM jIvana je vidyA teno paNa tene adhikAra nahIM. tene zAstranI AjJAnuM baMdhana hovA chatAM zAstra e zuM cIja che te jANavA jovAno paNa tene adhikAra nahIM. tenI paralokanI gati te brAhmaNanA hAthamAM - brAhmaNa kahe tema karavAthI tene paralokamAM WWW.jainelibrary.org

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bhAratanI sAmAjika sthiti pa7 gati maLe, paraMtu zUdranuM tevuM dAna grahaNa karavAthI paNa brAhmaNa patita thAya. brAhmaNanI sevA karavAthI ja tene mokSa maLe. joke zUdra ane brAhmaNa banne manuSya ja che. jUnA vakhatamAM yuropamAM eka dhanavAna ane eka kedI vacce je taphAvata raheto te paNa AnA jeTalo bhayaMkara na hato. atyAre paNa bhAratavAsIo koI mahAna taphAvata darzAvatAM kahe che ke "DheDa-brAhmaNa jeTalo taphAvata." A mahAna jJAtibhedane lIdhe bhAratavarSa avanatine raste caDela hatuM. sarva prakAranI unnatinuM mULa jJAnotrati che. pazuonI mAphaka IdriyatRpti sivAyanuM pRthvI upara evuM koI sukha nathI ke jenuM mULa jJAnotrati na hoya. jAtibhedane lIdhe jJAnotratino rasto baMdha thayo. zUdra jJAnano adhikArI nahIM. teno ekalo adhikArI mAtra brAhmaNa ja. bhAratavarSanI vastIno moTo bhAga brAhmaNa sivAyanA lokano hato tethI lokono moTo bhAga mUrkha rahyo. jarA khyAla karI ke IgleMDamAM jo e pramANe thayuM hota to rasala, kAvenDIya, sTenalI vagere keTalAMka mukarara kuTuMba sivAya bIjAM mANasa vidyAnI AlocanA na karI zakyAM hota ane tI IMgleMDanI AjanI sabhyatA kyAMthI Avata ? kavi, dArzanika, vijJAnIonI vAta bAjue rahI. voTa, sTIvansana ArtharAITa vagere kyAM raheta ? bhAratavarSamAM tevuM ja banyuM che eTaluM ja nahi paNa brAhmaNoe vidyAnI carcAno ekalo adhikAra potAnA hAthamAM lIdho te paNa varNavaSamyanA doSathI kharAba pariNAme pahoMcyo. tamAma varNanA prabhu banI temaNe vidyAne e prabhutvarakSiNI rUpe rAkhI lIdhI. je vidyAnI AlocanA karavAthI temanuM e prabhutva sthAyI rahe, teno vistAra thAya. bIjI jJAtio vadhAre mAthuM namAvI brAhmaNanA padanI rajane A janmanA sArabhUta gaNe evI nIti temaNe dhAraNa karI. vizeSa yAgayajJa saryA, vizeSa maMtra, dAna, dakSiNA, prAyazcitta vadhAryA, devatAonA mahimApUrNa mithyA itihAsa kalpI tene apsarAonAM nUpuramAMthI nIkaLatA madhura svara jevI miSTa AryabhASAmAM racI bhAratavAsIonI mUrkhatA vizeSa majabUta baMdhanothI bAMdhI rAkhI. darzana, vijJAna, sAhitya e badhAM zuM jarUranAM che ! te tarapha lakSa na devuM, paraMtu amuka brAhmaNa graMthano vistAra vadhAravo - navAM upaniSadono pracAra karavo, brAhmaNa upara brAhmaNa, upaniSad upara upaniSad, AraNyaka upara AraNyaka, sUtra upara sUtra, te upara bhASya. tenI TIkA, TIkAnI paNa TIkA, tenAM bhASya A pramANe anaMta zreNI caNavI evA dharmanA aneka graMthothI bhAratavarSane bharI dIdhuM. AvI paristhitimAM loko khedayukta, vihaLa ane zaMkita banyAM. badhAM karmamAM brAhmaNoe pApa lakhyuM, e pApanAM prAyazcitta paNa kaThaNa. tyAre zuM brAhmaNa sivAyanI bIjI varNanA lokane pApane lIdhe mukti na maLe ? pAralaukika sukha eTaluM badhuM durlabha ? kyAM javuM ? zuM karavuM ? dharmazAstranI AvI muzkelImAM koNa uddhAra karaze ? sarva sukhathI vimukha rAkhanAra brAhmaNothI koNa bacAvaze ? bhAratavAsIone jIvitadAna koNa Apaze ? A praznano uttara ApavA mATe vizuddhAtmA mahAvIra ane zAkyasiMhe anaMta kALa lagI sthAyI mahimA vistAra pAme tema bhAratAkAza upara udaya pAmI AkAza bhedI nAMkhe tevA mahAna avAje garjanA karI ke "e uddhAra huM karIza. tamArA uddhAra

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58 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto mATe je bIjamaMtra huM ApuM chuM tenI tame sAdhanA karo. tame sarve samAna cho. brAhmaNa-zUdra sarakhA ja che. manuSya mAtra samAna che. badhAM pApI che ane badhAno uddhAra sadAcaraNa vaDe ja che. jAtibheda mithyA che. koNa rAjA ? koNa prajA ? badhuM khoTuM che. ekamAtra dharma ja satya che. mithyAno tyAga karI mAtra satyadharmanuM ja pAlana karo." mAnavasamAja jyAre vaiSamyanA agnimaya tavAmAM baLato hoya che, tyAre svargamAMthI sAmyano suzItaLa varasAda varase che. vaiSamyanA dAruNa viSapAnathI jyAre vyaktigata jIvana, sAmAjika jIvana, rAjanaitika jIvana mRtyumukhe paDe che tyAre sAmyavAdIo suvedyanI mAphaka AvI amogha auSadha Ape che. bhISaNa veSamyanA haLAhaLa jherathI bhAratIya varNAzrama, dharma, samAja te vakhate kevI rIte viSAsakta thayela te bAbu baMkimacaMdra sajIva bhASAmAM A pramANe darzAve che : "bIjI traNa vaNanI anuvratithI vagata ghora vaiSamyamAM pahelAM to brAhmaNonuM prabhutva vadhavA mAMDyuM. bIjA varNanI mAnasika zaktine nukasAna pahoMcavAthI temanuM citta upadharma tarapha vizeSa vazIbhUta thavA lAgyuM. daurbalyathI ja bhaya vadhe che. upadharma e bhayathI utpanna thayela che. A saMsAra baLavAna paraMtu aniSTakAraka devatAothI bharAyela che tevo vizvAsa e ja upadharma, tethI bIjA paNa varNa mAnasika zaktithI hIna thavAthI vizeSa upadharmapIDita thayA. upadharmanA yAjaka paNa brAhmaNo ja hatA tethI temanuM prabhutva vadhavA lAgyuM. vaiSamya paNa vadhyuM. brAhmaNo mAtra zAstrajALa, bhavavyavasthA vagereno vistAra karI kSatriya, vaizya, zUdrane bAMdhavA lAgyA. mAkhIo pakaDAI gaI. temanAmAM UDavAnI zakti nahotI topaNa karoLiyAnI jALa khUTe tema na hatI. vidvAnano toTo na hato. eka tarapha rAjyazAsanapraNAlI, daMDavidhi, saMdhi, vigraha, vagerethI te Acamana, zayana, vasana, gamana, kathopakathana, hAsya-rudana e sarva brAhmaNoe racelA vidhipUrvaka niyamita thavA lAgyAM. ame jema kahIe tema sUvuM, khAvuM, besavuM, cAlavuM, bolavuM, hasavuM, rovuM temaja tamArA janmathI te mRtyu sudhI amArI vyavasthAthI vilaMbitapaNe thaI zake nahIM. ane jo thAya to prAyazcitta karI amane dakSaNA Apo. AvI rItanI jALa banAvI pAtharI. paraMtu manuSya bIjAMone bhrAMtimAM nAMkhatAM pote ja brAMta thaI jAya che, kemake bhrAMtinI AlocanA karyA karavAthI bhrAMtino abhyAsa thaI jAya che, je upara bIjAne vizvAsa besADavA mAgIe chIe te vizvAsa darzAvatAM kharo vizvAsa ocho thato jAya che. je jALa vaDe brAhmaNoe bhAratavarSane bAMdhyo temAM teo paNa phasAyA. ghaNAM asalI pramANo dvArA sAbita thayuM che ke manuSyanI svecchAnuvatitAne prayojana uparAMta mAnI levAthI samAjanI avanati thAya che. hiMdu samAjanI avanatinAM bIjAM jeTalAM kAraNa batAvyAM che temAM A mukhya manAya che - hajI sudhI jAjvalyamAna che. temAM phasAvanAra temaja phasAnAra baMnne samAna phaLabhogI bane che. AvI badhI jALamAM jaDAI rahevAthI brAhmaNonI buddhi-skUrtino lopa thayo, ane je brAhmaNoe rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata-pANinI vyAkaraNa-sAMkhya darzana vagere banAvyAM hatAM, teo vAsavadattA kAdaMbarI vagere racI potAnuM gaurava mAnavA lAgyA. chevaTa chevaTa te zakti paNa gaI. brAhmaNonuM mAnavI kSetra marabhUmi banyuM." baMkimacaMdra uddIpanApUrNa bhASAmAM vyAkaraNanA saMkSipta sUtranI mAphaka

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bhAratanI dharmabhAvanA 59 brAhmaNonI adha:patananI je kahANI varNavI che te satya bhAse che. brAhmaNo brAhmaNa sivAyanI je bIjI jAtione jAtibheda, dharmabheda, ane karmabhedanI durbhedya zAstrajALamAM bAMdhI jevA pravRtta thayA hatA tevA ja svaracita jALamAM chevaTe potAnAM strIputro sahita baMdhAI jaI potAnAM karmaphaLa bhogavavA lAgyA. pote ja khodelI khAImAM DUbI gayA. [koI paNa vAta bIjAne samajAvavA mATe kyAreka thoDIka atizayokti karavI paDe che. brAhmaNonuM prabhutva, varNavyavasthAnAM dUSaNo vagere badhuM kabUlatAM paNa brAhmaNono ya aMtarAtmA jAgyo ane temaNe paNa vaidika dharmanAM dUSaNo sAme paDakAra pheMkyo ema mAnavA mATe pUratA purAvA che. upaniSadomAM ja RgvadAdine aparA vidyAnI kakSAe mUkyA che, ane AtmajJAna e ja parA vidyA ema kahyuM che. buddhamahAvIranA anuyAyIomAM ghaNA brAhmaNo hatA temAM to zaMkA che ja nahIM. brAhmaNa kavioe ja vidUSakanA pAtramAM "mahAbrAhmaNano upahAsa karyo che. varNavyavasthA ane tene jakaDI rAkhatA niyamonI asara bauddha ane jaina maMDaLomAM taddana nahIM ja hoya evuM paNa nathI. chatAM pAzcAtya dezomAM varNavyavasthA tema bhAratamAM varNavyavasthA dUSaNayukta rahI temAM nA pADI zakAya tema nathI. joke tene kAraNe varSonI aMdara lagnAdi vyavahAra nahIM ja thatA hoya ema paNa nathI.] *. 4. bhAratanI dharmabhAvanA "Read the history of the past, and one fact would come out before you plainly and clearly, not only in India, but in all the past great civilizations. When you study a great civilization whether it be that of Egypt, China, Persia, Greece, or Rome, you will find that in the palmiest days of that Civilization, religion was the guiding force of the State. When were the days when India was mightiest, when her thrones were most secure, when her people were most intelligent, when her manufactures and arts and industries and commerces flourished, when her sailors were known in far distant lands, and the products of her artizans covered the face of the world ? It was in the days when religion was more cherished than wealth, in the days when the Rajas would bow before the Rishis that instructed them." bhAvArtha-"bhUtakALano itihAsa vAMcazo to emAM eka vAta tamane spaSTa najare paDaze - ane te mAtra hindustAnanA ja nahi paNa sarva dezanA sudhArAmAM. ijipta, cIna, IrAna, grIsa, roma - game te dezano sudhAro lezo to emAM tamane jaNAze ke sudhArAnA pUrNa jAhojalAlInA divasomAM dharma e rAjyane doranArI zakti hatI. je divasomAM hindustAna prabaLamAM prabaLa hatuM, enAM rAjyasano susthira hatAM, enA loko buddhimAM prathama sthAne hatA, enI banAvaTa, enA hunnaro, enI kArIgarIo, enA udyogo ane

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60 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto enA khalAsIo dUra dezamAM prasiddha hatA, ane hindustAnanI kArIgarInI cIjo pRthvIne chAI rahI hatI e divaso kyA ? e e ja divaso ke jyAre dravya karatAM dharma vadhAre vahAlo hato, rAjA karatAM jJAnI moTo gaNAto, ane rAjAo RSione guru karIne namatA." -misisa enI besaMTa " mahAvIrano janma thayA pahelAM brAhmaNanA cAra veda, nighaMTu, ane itihAsa (kadAca purANo - alabatta hAla gaNAtAM puraNomAMnAM keTalAMka purANa) vidyamAna hatAM evuM kalpasUtramAMthI mAlUma paDe che, kAraNake jyAre devAnaMdAnA garbhamAM mahAvIra AvyA tyAre teNIne je uttama svapnamAM AvyAM hatAM tenAM phala jyAre potAnA patine pUchavAmAM AvyAM hatAM tyAre teNe jaNAvyuM ke putra Avaze. te ukta veda, AdimAM nipuNa thaze." cAra vedanAM nAma Rgvada, yajurveda, sAmaveda ane atharvaveda che. A samayamAM brAhmaNonA judAjudA abhiprAyo hatA, te dUra rAkhIne Rgyeda saMbaMdhI bolIe to temAM je vicitra ane rasaprada mAnyatAo ApelI che, tenI ghaNI thoDI asara janasamAja para hatI. tenI aMdara je devatAo - pRthvI, pUSanuM, Aditya, caMdra AdinuM varNana karyuM che temAM agni, soma, vajano vadhAro karavAmAM Avyo tethI jUnA devatAonuM prAdhAnya ghaTI gayuM. yajJanI vidhi ane maMtramAM rahela jAdu gRhasthavargane apriya thaI paDyo, kAraNake temAM gUMcavaNI ane kharca bahu rahetAM hatAM. evI ghaNI mAnyatAo ke je AryalokamAM sAmAnya rIte pracalita hatI te paNa vedamAM jaNAvelI nathI. temAM traNa pramANa che. (1) bauddha graMthomAM prathamanA traNa vedanAM nAma Apela che, paNa cothA atharva vedanuM nAma kyAMya paNa darzAveluM nathI. (Ama pro. rUhAIsa Devisa kahe che.) AthI ema jaNAya che ke temAM Apela maMtrono saMgraha camatkArika asara karavAmAM upayoga karavA arthe bauddha dharma udbhavyo te pahelAM ghaNA vakhatathI ekatrita karavAmAM Avyo hato, paNa te samayanI pahelAM turata ja veda tarIke yajJa karAvanAra brAhmaNa adhvaryue Ritvije svIkAryo hato - prathamanA traNa veda karatAM joke Utarato, paNa veda e nAmathI svIkAryo hato. brAhmaNa ke vaidika saMpradAyanA graMthomAM paNa 'vedatrayI' zabda maLe che jemAM Rgvada, yajurveda, sAmavedano nirdeza che. atharvaveda Rgvada jeTalo ja prAcIna che ema mAnavA mATe kAraNa che. tema chatAM devatAonI stuti uparAMta abhicAra, auSadhio vagere aMge maMtro che tethI zakya che ke veda tarIke tene sthAna ApavAmAM saMkoca thato haze, joke cAra vedamAM to tene sthAna maLyuM ja che. Aryetara lokonA vicAronI asara upaniSado temaja bhAratIya dArzanika vicAro temaja vedamAM ghaNAne jaNAya che ane haze ja kAraNake loko vyavahAramAM je AzvAsanarUpa lAge e apanAvI le ane tevA ghaNA loko hoya to mULa pravAhane paNa teno svIkAra karavo paDe.' (2) mahAbhAratamAM evA kayA dhArmika vicAro che ke je I.sa. pUrve 7mA saikAmAM astitva dharAvatA hoya te barAbara jANI zakAtuM nathI; kAraNake te mahAkAvya be ke

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bhAratanI dharmabhAvanA 61 traNa vakhata nahi to paNa eka vakhata to, pachInA brAhmaNa upadezakone hAthe vistRta pheraphArane pAmela che, temAM koI jAtano zaka nathI. A pheraphAra karavAnuM kAraNa e hatuM ke brAhmaNoe jANyuM ke je vicAro potAne saMmata ane potAnAmAM pracalita nahotA te vicAroe loko para eTaluM badhuM sAmrAjya meLavyuM hatuM ke temanI upekSA karI zakAya tema hatuM nahIM. te mahAkAvyane AthI navIna svarUpamAM mUkavAmAM be mukhya uddeza hovA joIe. 1. brAhmaNonI pradhAnatA - anya vargothI uccatA darzAvavI; kAraNake temanI viruddha paDelA bauddha ane jainonA upadeza ghaNI ja lokapriyatA pAmyA hatA tethI te uccatA jokhamamAM AvI paDI hatI. 2. je keTalAka lokapriya saMpradAyo ane mAnyatAo pratye loko parama Adara dAkhavatA hatA tenI sAthe brAhmaNonI sahAnubhUti che ane temaNe tene grahaNa paNa karela che evuM batAvavuM. game tema paNa te kAvyamAM vedanA sAhityamAM bilakula na jaNAtI evI mAnyatAo pUra jozamAM jovAmAM Ave che. AnI sAthe vizeSa pramANa A mATe purAvo ApavA mATe e che ke je mAnyatAo vedanA sAhityamAM nahotI te Arya ane ardha Arya lokomAM pracalita hatI eTaluM ja nahi paNa ghara karI rahI hatI. (hamaNAM ja mahAbhAratanA bhISmaparvano bhAga - nAme bhagavadgItA mULa svarUpamAM eTale 700 zlokanA 70 zlokamAM jAvA beTa pAsenA baliTApumAMthI maLI Avela che. juo maoNDarna rivyu, julAI 1914. A parathI mahAna pheraphAra mahAbhAratamAM thayo che e spaSTa jaNAze.) (3) bauddhanI ne jainanI mAnyatA dUra rAkhIe, paNa te sivAyanAnI mAnyatA ke jenuM kaMI varNana bauddha ane jaina sUtromAM Apela che, te mAnyatAo A samaye (zrI mahAvIra ane buddhanA vakhatamAM) pracalita hatI. A sarvano saMgraha karavAmAM nathI Avyo chatAM temAMnI keTalIka saMbaMdhe utAro karI zakIzuM. buddhanA saMvAdamAM zIla saMbaMdhI viSayamAM A vAta Ave che ? (a) "keTalAka saMnyAsIo ane brAhmaNo potAnI AjIvikA zrAvaka varge Apela khorAka upara kare che te yuktibAja, dhana mATe pavitra zabdone mithyA karanAra, nimittaka, jAdugara, ane hamezAM dhana bheguM karavA mathanAra hovAthI gotama zramaNa AvA prapaMca ane mithyA jALathI mukta rahe che.' (ba) A pachI bIjI "adhama kaLAo' brAhmaNomAM pracalita hatI tenuM TippaNa Ape che. jevI ke sAmudrika, nakSatra ne graha parathI phaLa joI ApavAnI vidyA, zakuna uparathI bhaviSyakathana, vastra para UMdara tene karaDI khAya tyAre je AkRtio rahe te parathI bhaviSyano vartAro, agninA yajJa, judAjudA devone balidAna, vAstuzAstra, maMtroccAra, nAgane vaza karavAnI kaLA, bIjAM pazupaMkhIne vaza karavAnI kaLA, jyotiSa, bhUta pizAca kADhavA, devonuM kanyA mAraphata ne arIsA mAraphata AhvAna karI temanI pAsethI jANI levuM, devo samakSa vrata levarAvavAM, zrI devInuM AhvAna karavuM vagere nIca kaLAo vidyamAna hatI. vedamAM mukhyatve Idra, agni, soma ane varuNane prAdhAnya ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM, jyAre caMdra, sUrya ane pRthivI, ghIH vagere devatAne gauNa karavAmAM AvyA hatA. ane

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62 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto pAchaLanA sAthe zrI devInuM mizraNa karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. A sivAya gaMdharva, nAga, garuDa, vRkSamAM vasatAM bhUto vagere devonuM astitva hatuM. vedamAM jyAM tyAM prakRtinAM tattvone laI tenI pUjA karavAmAM AvI che. IzAna - bhayaMkara zivarUpa, soma, varuNa, prajApati ne brahmA e badhA zakranA sahayogI jaNAvyA che, ane bIjA agni, vAyu, varuNa, viSNu, parjanya, ghau , mitra, savitR, pUSanuM, AdityAH azvinau, marataH aditi, diti Adi jaNAvyA che. AmAMnA bauddhagraMthomAM agni, vAyu, varuNa, pachI nAgarAja, viSNu, parjanya e darzAvelA che. brAhmaNanI yajJavidhi : brAhmaNonA devo saMbaMdhInuM zAstra evuM che ke tenA jevuM vadhAre krUra ane vadhAre bhautika koIpaNane kalpavuM e muzkela che. tyArapachI rUDhithI vicAro dhImedhIme sudharatA gayA ane nItinuM svarUpa pakaDatA gayA, e vAta batAvI Ape che ke jaMgalIpaNuM agAu vAstavikapaNe vidyamAna hatuM. nItine A zAstramAM sthAna nathI. je yajJa manuSyanA devo sAthenA saMbaMdhane niyamamAM rAkhe che e mAtra yAMtrika kArya che ke je potAnI svAbhAvika zaktithI kArya kare che, ane te kudaratanA hRdayamAM gupta rahela che te brAhmaNanI jAduI kaLAthI phakta bahAra lAvavAmAM Ave che." Ama mahAna pheMca paMDita nAme sIlvanalevI pUrvanA dharmasAhityano abhyAsa karI kaLe che. devonI potAnI uttamatA, svargamAM teonuM sthAna - e sarva mATe teoe pUrve jUnA devonI yajJathI pUjA karI tene laIne ja che ema brAhmaNonuM kathana hatuM, ane devatAo tenA pratispardhI asuro svarganA dvAra para humalo kare nahi te mATe yajJa karI temane harAvI detA. siAmagAna kare te ugAtA. hotA devonuM AhvAna kare che ane agni daivI hotA mAnavAmAM Ave che. kAraNake te manuSya ane devo vaccenI kaDI che, devone bolAvI lAvanAra che, maMtrono pATha kare che.] yajJamAM ghaNuM karI maMdira na hatuM, tema pratimA na hatI, paNa vedI rAkhavAmAM AvatI. A kriyAmAM aneka brAhmaNonI jarUra paDatI. maMtra bolanAra ugAtA, bali ApanAra hatA, kriyA karanAra adhvaryuM e mukhya hoya che, jyAre bIjA vedi banAvavAnuM, homavAnA medhya jIvano vadha karavAnuM ane evuM bIjuM kArya karatA. A kriyA mATe vaLI brAhmaNo ghaNuM dhana phI tarIke mAgatA, ane te mATe vastra, gAyo, azva athavA suvarNa letA. AthI bhautika isitArtha meLavavA mATe yajJa e uttama mArga che evuM temaNe jAhera karyuM hatuM, ane AdhyAtmika pragati mATe tapano upadeza brAhmaNoe karyo hato. A tapazcaryA araNyamAM jaI dehane damavAmAM-pIDavAmAM samAI jatI hatI. AthI tApasInAM jhuMjhuMDa A vakhate mAlUma paDatAM hatAM. A tApasomAM paNa jIvahiMsA

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bhAratanI dharmabhAvanA 63 dRSTigocara thatI hatI. (juo hemacaMdrAcArya kRta mahAvIracaritra. pR.161). aitareya upaniSad 11-6-4mAM jaNAvela che ke : svarga vAyu para, vAyu pRthvI para, pRthvI jala para, jala satya para ane satya gupta maMtra para (yajJa vidhi para) ane yajJa vidhi tapas para sthApita thayela che." (tApasa mATe 'mahAvIracaritra'mAM tApasa pR.32, tApasI pR.127, vaizikAyata tApasa pR.71-73, senaka tApasa pR.117 juo ane sarakhAvo.) bhikSA : tAttvika ane naitika bAjuthI joIe to jaina ane bauddha baMne hilacAla svAbhAvika rIte UbhI thaI hatI. brAhmaNonA vidyArthIo bhikSA mAgI nirvAha karatA jaNAvavAmAM Ave che. A rIta jaina ane bauddha sAdhuomAM pracalita hatI ane bauddha dharmano udaya thayo te pahelAM parivrAjako(bhramaNazIla upadezako)mAM bhikSAnI rIta pracalita hatI. teo brahmacarya pALatA ane tAttvika temaja dhArmika prazno para carcA calAvatA. AmAM puruSo ane strIo baMne dAkhala thaI zakatAM hatAM. ane temane vicAra ane uccAranI pUrNa svataMtratA hatI. AthI ane jaina dharmanA bhikSA vrata AdithI bauddha dharmane vadhu vega maLyo hoya ema gaNI zakAze; kAraNake jaina dharma bauddhathI prAcIna siddha thayo che. (parivrAjaka saMbaMdhe juo - utpala, aMbaDa vagere parivrAjaka. mahAvIracaritra pR. 33, 39, 210.) AzramonI saMsthA brAhmaNoe jaina parathI ane bauddhanA navIna vicAranA ubhavathI pAchaLathI kADhI che ke jemAM chellA Azrama - saMnyastAzrama prathamanA traNa vagara - brahmacarya, gRhastha, vAnaprastha AzramamAM gayA vagara svIkArI zakAya nahIM evo niyama rAkhavAmAM Avyo hato. AthI brAhmaNo zreSTha che e puravAra karavAnI hiMmatabharyo prayatna karavAmAM Avyo hato ane jo temAM vijaya maLyo hota, to bauddhanI hilacAla bhAMgI paDatuM, paraMtu tema thayuM nahIM ane te niyama phalazunya - nirarthaka ja A samayamAM paDI rahyo. A kathana mATe aitihAsika purAvo muzkela che ema DaoN. rUhAIsa DeviDanA 'buddhanA saMvAdo' Dialogues of Buddha 1 jovAthI jaNAze. A parathI pratIta thAya che ke brAhmaNonI AzramavyavasthA brahmacaryAdi cAra Azrama pAchaLathI thayela che. brihmacaryAzrama, gRhasthAzrama ane vAnaprasthAzrama temaja saMnyastAzramanAM pramANa to upaniSadomAM paNa maLe che. joke jyAre vairAgya janme tyAre saMnyAsa grahaNa karI zakAya e vicAra pAchaLano lAge che. A AzramavyavasthAnuM pAlana custa rIte thatuM hatuM, ema mAnavAne kAraNa nathI.] AtmA : AtmAnA saMbaMdhamAM upaniSadamAM jaNAvyA pramANe e mAnyatA hatI ke te dareka manuSya zarIramAM rahela che ane te jIvana ane gatinI pratIti karAvI zake che. jIvatA zarIramAM tenI sAmAnya sthitimAM AtmA hRdayanI aMdaranA eka khAlI bhAgamAM rahe

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64 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto che. (juo bRhada, upaniSad 4, 3, 7 tathA 5, 6; chAMdogyopaniSad 8, 3, 3, taitarIya. 1, 6, 1. AnI sAthe sarakhAvo kaThopaniSad 2, 20, 3, 1, 4, 6; 6, 17) tenuM kada java ke cokhAnA dANA barAbara kathela che (bRha, 5, 6, chAMdo. 3, 14, 3) Ama vedamAM paNa jaNAvela che. AkAramAM te manuSya jevo che (tatarIya 2, bRhad 1, 41, zata bR. 14. 4, 2, 1.). te kevo dekhAya che te AlekhavuM kaThina che paNa judAjudA phakarAmAM tene dhUmraraMgI Una jevo, agni jevo, zveta kumuda jevo, vIjaLInA camakArA jevo, dhUmra vagaranA prakAza jevo kahela che. te zeno banela che tene mATe judIjudI mAnyatA che. eka phakarAmAM tenAmAM cetanatA, mana, ane zvAsa; cahyuM ane kAna, pRthvI, apa, teja ane AkAza, agni ane niragni; IcchA ane anicchA; krodha ane akrodha; niyama ane aniyama - TUMkAmAM sarva vastuo che - sarva vastuno banela che ema jaNAvyuM che. (bRhad 4, 4, 5, vaLI juo 3, 7, 14-22.) A parathI jaNAya che ke AtmAne bhautika - pArthiva mAnela che kAraNa ke cAra jaDa tattvo temAM che, paraMtu amuka mAnasika guNo paNa temAM mUkavAmAM AvyA che. eka bIjA phakarAmAM evuM jaNAvela che ke pAMca jAtanA AtmAo ekabIjAthI bhinna paNa manuSyAkAranA kahevAmAM AvyA che, ane te dareka anukrame atra, zvAsa, mana, cetanA ane AnaMdanA banelA gaNavAmAM AvyA che. keTalIka jAtanA roga thAya che tenuM kAraNa evuM batAvavAmAM Ave che ke jIva dehathI cAlI gayo ane tethI maMtrothI tene pAcho lAvavA mATe jarUra che. (atharvaveda, 5, 29, , 6, 53.2; 7,67. sarakhAvo aitareya AraNyaka 3, 2,4,7.) UMghamAM svapna Ave che tyAre paNa AtmA dehane choDI jAya che ane tema jaNAvI kahevAmAM Ave che ke koIe avyavasthita rIte ekAeka manuSyane jagADavo nahIM. kAraNake tema karavA jatAM jIva pAcho dehamAM na Ave to pachI te pAcho lAvavo bahu muzkela thaI paDe. (bRhada. 4,3.14). svapnamAM jIva dehane choDI vecchAe game tyAM bhame che ane potAnI kalpanA pramANe sRSTi race che. ratha, ghara, sarovara, nadI, judAjudA AkAra, bhabhakAbaMdha krIDAbhUmi vagere banAve che ne tyAM te rame che, AnaMda le che ane duHkha bhogave che. pachI chevaTe thAkI jaIne jema bAjapakSI AkAzamAM Ama tema bhame che, UDe che, ane pAcho potAnA mALAmAM AvI bese che, tevI rIte jIva potAnI krIDAbhUmithI pAcho dehamAM Ave che. jo gADha nidrAmAM hoya to tene kazAnI jarUra hotI nathI ane svapna paNa AvatAM nathI. (bRhad 4, 3, chAMdogya. 8, 12, 3) A svapnAMo para phalano AdhAra bhaviSya mATe hoya che ema hiMdamAM ghaNAnuM mAnavuM che. jyAre AtmA dehamAM pAcho Avyo hoya che, tyAre AtmA AkhA zarIramAM nakhathI te zikha sudhI 72000nADI (nAme hitA) dvArA vyApta thAya che. tyAre AtmAne prakAza maLe che. bRhad. 2, 1, 19; 4, 3, 20; chAMdogya. 8, 6, 3, kauza. 4, 19.) upaniSaddamAM AtmA dehamAMthI kema jAya che, ane punaH kevI rIte pAcho Ave che te jaNAvela nathI; tenuM kAraNa ke garbhanA prAraMbhakALamAM, ke tenA pharakavA vakhate ke

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bhAratanI dharmabhAvanA janma thatI vakhate AtmA dehamAM praveze che tenA saMbaMdhe judAjudA abhiprAya ekabIjAthI viruddha ApelA che. pazcimamAM paNa te saMbaMdhI haju nirNaya thayo nathI. A dehanI pahelAM bIjA koI dehamAM AtmA hato ema keTaleka sthaLe jaNAvela che. (bRhad 3, 2, 13; 4, 4, 6; sarakhAvo 6, 4 ane aitarIya AraNyaka 2, 3, 20) ane keTaleka sthale utpatti samaye prathama dehamAM AtmA praveze che tyAre te khoparInA eka cIrAmAMthI jaI hRdayamAM jAya che ema jaNAvela che. (taitarIya 1, 6, 1; aita. 3, 12) paraMtu eka sthale ema darzAvela che ke AtmA AMtaraDAM ane udara dvArA upara mastakamAM jAya che. 65 Ama upaniSamAM bhinnatAo maLI Ave che, paraMtu A mata saMbaMdhe to eka samAnatA ja che ke A bhavamAM yajJa karavAthI ke tapa karavAthI AtmA punarjanmamAMthI mukta thaI zake tema nathI. potAno AtmA paramAtmA jevo ja che ke je paramAtmA sarva kAraNonuM kAraNa aMtima kAraNa che - emAM apUrva-pUrNa zraddhA ane pratIti e ja mokSano upAya che. nidrA, jAgRti, jIvana, gati vagere samajAvavAne mATe 'AtmA'nuM astitva svIkAravuM paDyuM hatuM; pachI bAhya jagatane te lAgu pADavAmAM AvyuM. jo sUryamAM AtmA na hoya to gagananuM AkramaNa karI na zake ane prakAza ApI na zake ema dhArI sUryane sajIva kahevAmAM Avela che; temaja kudaratanAM tattvone 'devatAo' e nAma ApI temAM jIvatvanuM AropaNa karavAmAM AvyuM. pachI dhImedhIme A devone ekabIjAnI samAna lekhavAmAM AvyA, ane chevaTe buddha ane mahAvIranA samaya pahelAM tarata ja eka evo siddhAMta karavAmAM Avyo ke eka ja AdikAraNa evo paramamAM parama brahma - paramAtman che ke jemAMthI sarva devo ane jIvo udbhavela che. manuSyAtmAo te parabrahmanA aMza jaNAvavAmAM AvyA; eTaleke aitihAsika dRSTie pUrve AtmAno siddhAMta hato ane pAchaLathI paramAtmAno siddhAMta dAkhala karavAmAM Avyo. A vakhate gautama buddha ane zrI mahAvIra e be kSatriya philasUpho thayA. gautama buddhe AtmAnA siddhAMtane svIkAryo nahi ane navI ja philasUphI kADhI ke jemAM AtmA agara AtmAo kaMIpaNa bhAga bhajavatA ja nathI. A philasUphInA satyAsatya mATe vivecana karavAnuM A sthala nathI, chatAM kahevuM paDaze ke AtmAnA astitvano asvIkAra (anAtmavAda)mAMthI punarjanma, karmano mahAna siddhAMta, vagere phalita thaI zakatA nathI, tethI teno paNa asvIkAra thAya che. vaLI teNe tapas niSphala che ema jaNAvyuM. (1) zrI mahAvIre dareka siddhAMtane vivecaka dRSTithI, sarva dRSTibiMdu dvArA tapAsI tenuM je yogya sthAna hatuM te potAnI philasUphImAM ApyuM. AthI ja temanI philasUphIne 'anekAMtavAda' - 'syAdvAda' e abhidhAna yathArtha rIte ApavAmAM AvyuM che. temAM sarva dRSTibiMduone - 'nayavAda'ne sthAna ApavAmAM AvyuM che. te 'naya'=vicAra, dRSTibiMdumAM be mukhya dRSTibiMduo nAme 'nizcaya naya' (Absoluste standpoint or point of view) ane 'vyavahAranaya' (practical standpoint or point of view) che. te baMnethI joIe to nizcaye AtmA nitya' che, kAraNake AtmA sarva janmomAM eka sarakho rahe che, ane te nizcaye paramAtmA samAna ja che. (aMzAzI bhAve nahi). jyAre

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto vyavahArathI jotAM AtmA judAMjudAM zarIro grahaNa kare che tethI te dRSTie AtmA 'anitya' che. jagata paNa parivartana kSaNekSaNe pAmyAM ja kare che tethI te parivartanazIla jagatane 'vyavahAranaya'thI anitya gaNela che, jyAre te che che ne che, hatuM hatuM ne hatuM ane haze, haze ne haze ema anAdithI cAlyuM AvatuM jagata nizcayanaya'thI nitya che. (2) AtmA dehavyApI che tethI je pramANe deha che te ja pramANamAM te dehanA sarva aMzomAM vyApI rahela AtmA che. AthI tene ATaluM kada che, agara dehanA amuka sthale ja rahe che eno svIkAra thato nathI. 66 (3) yajJanA vidhino niSedha karI sarva jIvone jIvanano sarakho hakka che "savvesiM nIviyaM piyaM'' - sarva jIvone jIvana priya che, iSTa che mATe jIvane mAravAno ke pIDavAno koIne hakka nathI. evuM parama 'ahiMsA' tattva udghoSaNAthI pratipAdita karyuM. (4) tapane buddhe nakAmuM gaNI pheMkI dIdhuM, tema mahAvIre na karatAM spaSTatAthI jaNAvyuM ke 'mAtra bhAvanAzUnya kAyakleza karI tapa karavAthI tApasa kahevAvAmAM kaMI artha sa2vAno nathI, paraMtu sAdhya lakSamAM rAkhI AtmasvarUpanuM ciMtana ane dhyAna e tapanuM parama upayogI ane siddhidAyaka aMgabhUta che.' e jAhera karI tapasne Avazyaka svIkAryuM. tapas e mAtra dehadamana che ema nathI, paraMtu tenA bAhya tapa ane aMtaraMga tapa ema be bheda pADI te darekanA cha prakAra pADelA che. aMtaraMga tapanA cha bhedamAM prAyazcitta svAdhyAya (ke jenI aMdara vAcanA, pRcchanA, zravaNa, dharmAbhyAsa vagereno samAveza thAya che), kAyotsarga ane dhyAnano aMtarbhAva thAya che. praoN. rpAisa DeviDsa jaNAve che ke H Diogenes and his parallel in India Mahavira, Founded important Schools which have left their mark on history. d (yuropamAM) DAyojhanIs ane tenA samAMtara tarIke bhAratamAM mahAvI2 e baMnee upayogI saMsthAo sthApI che ke jeNe itihAsa para potAnAM pradhAna cihno aMkita karyAM che. (A sAthe jaNAvI devuM paDaze ke mahAvIre je jAtanA tapano upadeza karyo hato ane je jAtanuM tapa pote karyuM hatuM te tapas pAzcAtya vidvAno haju samajI zakyA nathI. ane tethI tenuM bhASAMtara Self-mortification dehadamana karI tevA ja arthamAM mahAvIranA tapasane gaNe che.) (5) jAtibheda mahAvIre svIkAryo nathI ja. temanA dharmasAmrAjyamAM sarva varNane sarakho adhikAra chevaTanA sAdhya mukti sudhIno che. have keTalAka vAdo A samaye hatA te saMbaMdhe jaNAvavAnuM ke - sUtrakRta nAmanA aMgamAM cAra mukhya paradarzana, jaina siddhAMta nAme varNavelA che. kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, ajJAnavAda ane vinayavAda. - (1) kriyAvAda AmAM evo siddhAMta che ke AtmA kartA che, ane tenA para kriyA-karmanI asara thAya che. A kriyA-utpatti Adi zenAthI thAya che te moTo prazna che. keTalAka ema kahetA ke kAlathI, koI IzvarathI, koI te AtmAthI - puruSArthathI,

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bhAratanI dharmabhAvanA 67. koI svabhAvathI (vastuno svabhAva eTale vastu je svataH potAnI meLe ja pariNAma pAme te.). (2) akriyAvAda - A vAda e kahe che ke eka kSaNa paNa jenI sthiti thaI rahetI nathI evA padArthane - AtmAne kriyA kema saMbhave ? utpatti sAthe ja bhavavinAzAdi paNa thAya che. A vAda AtmAdi nAstitvavAda che. AnI aMdara bauddhano kSaNikavAda ane zUnyavAda samAI jAya che. vaLI A vAda AtmAnA astitva sAthe pratiniyata kArya-kAraNa bhAvane paNa svIkArato nathI. (3) ajJAnavAda - AmAM ajJAna vaDe AcaraNa karavAmAM Ave che, ane kata karma baMdhAdi vikalpano vicAra karavAmAM Avato nathI. A vAda evuM kartha che ke jJAnathI kazuM zreya nathI, kemake jJAna hoya to viruddha prarUpaNA rUpa vivAdano yoga Ave - vAdavivAda thAya, ane tema thatAM citta kaluSita thAya ane tema thatAM saMsAra-pravRtti laMbAtI cAle, jyAre ajJAnano Azraya karAya tyAre ahaMkArano saMbhava Ave nahi, tema pArakA pratye citta kAluSya paNa thAya nahi ane tethI karmano baMdha paNa saMbhave nahIM ane tethI saMsAra vadhe nahIM. AnA. saMbaMdhamAM bauddha pustakomAMthI keTaloka vadhAre prakAza paDe che : sAmA... phala suttamAM saMjaya (beTTiputta)nA A vAda saMbaMdhe buddhe evuM jaNAveluM che ke : "AtmAnuM bhaviSyamAM astitva che ke nahIM e saMbaMdhI tame mane pUchavA mAMgatA ho, to huM te sthiti saMbaMdhI khulAso karIza. jo teo ema pUchavA mAMgatA hoya ke te sthiti A pramANe che ? to te sAthe mAre kaMI saMbaMdha nathI; te sthiti tenA jevI che ? to te sAthe mAre kaMI saMbaMdha nathI, zuM te AnAthI bhinna che ? to te sAthe mAre kaMI saMbaMdha nathI; zuM te sthiti nathI ? to te sAthe mAre kaMI saMbaMdha nathI; zuM te nathI te nathI ja ? to te sAthe mAre koI saMbaMdha nathI." AvI rIte tathAgata (buddha) mRtyu pachI astitva dharAve che ke astitva nathI dharAvatA, eka vakhate che ke nathI, nathI temaja ekI vakhate nathI - e praznonA nirNayAtmaka rIte uttara ApavAnI buddha nA pADe che. A uparathI spaSTa jaNAya che ke ajJAnavAdIo eka vastunA astitva ne nAstitva saMbaMdhe je-je rIte kahI zakAya te-te saghaLI rItono upayoga karatA - prazna uThAvatA ane sAmA thatA vAdIo pAsethI teno khulAso mAMgatA. ane jo koI vastu lokottara hoI samajI na zakAya tevI agara anubhavagocara na thAya tevI jaNAvavAmAM AvatI to teo te saghaLI rItiono niSedha karatA. (4) vinayavAda - vinayathI AcaraNa karavAnuM kathana karanAra vAda. AmAM devatA, nRpati, yati, jJAnI, vRddha, adhama, mAtA, ane pitA - ATha pratye zarIra, mana, vANI ane dAna e cAra prakAre dezakAlAnusAra vinaya karavAnuM kahyuM che. A cAre vAdamAM aneka aneka prazno ane peTAvAdo phare che. ane tethI te dareka gaNatAM 363 mata mahAvIra samayamAM hatA ke jene 363 'pAMkhaDIo' evuM apanAma jainasUtromAM 1. sarakhAvo subhASitanI ukti jJAna vivAdAya ghana mahApa ane aMgrejI ukti Ignorance is bliss - ajJAna e sukha che.

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68 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMta ApavAmAM AvyuM che. (kiyAvAdInA 180, akriyAvAdInA 84, ajJAnavAdInA 67 ane vinayavAdInA 3ra mata maLI 363) A dareka kevI rIte thAya che te mATe juo zra haribhadrasUrinA "Sadarzana samuccaya' paranI moTI vRtti (bhASAMtara pR. 9-19), ane zrI AtmArAmajIkRta jaina tattvAdarza (gujarAtI. bhA. pR. 115thI 136.) ahIM mahAvIre dareka saMbaMdhe zuM nirNAyAtmaka vicAra bAMdhela che te TUMkamAM jaNAvIzuM : (1) kriyAvAda saMbaMdhe dareka kriyAnI asara che ane tethI jIve karelI dareka kriyAnI asara tenA para thAya che. A asara ApavAmAM - koIpaNa kArya thavAmAM - kAryasiddhimAM pAMca kAraNonuM astitva ekI saMghAve che ane jene pAMca samavAya kahevAmAM Ave che, tenA nAma H 1. kAla 2. svabhAva, 3. niyati, 4. pUrvakarma, pa. puruSArtha. A pAMcamAMthI koIpaNa ekathI kArya thAya che te ekAMtavAda mahAvIre svIkAyo ja nathI. temanA anekAMtavAda - syAdvAda che te pratIta thAya che. Izvara kAryano - kriyAno preraka nathI. AtmA che, Izvara che, dehI AtmA - jIva te Avarita che, ane jyAre badhAM AvaraNo chUTe che - dUra thAya che tyAre te Izvara bane che. te AvaraNo dUra karavAmAM paNa ukta pAMca kAraNo Avazyaka che. te pAMcane samavAya' kahevAmAM Ave che, kAraNa ke yatsamaveta kAryamudate - jenA maLavAthI kAryanI niSpatti thAya te samavAya. A pAMcamAM Izvara e eka kAraNa gaNela nathI. Izvarane jagata ke jagatanA koI kAraNa sAthe saMbaMdha nathI te mATe karmano siddhAMta' mahAvIre evo sarvavyApI, abAdhita ane acala gUMthela che ke te temanI sarvajJatA siddha kare che. ukta pAMcamAMthI ekane ja kharA kAraNa tarIke ekAMte mAnI kAlavAdI, niyativAdI, svabhAvavAdI pramukha anekavAda thayA che. (2) akriyAvAda TakI zakato ja nathI. kAryakAraNanI paraMparA - karmano siddhAMta abAdhita ane niyata che, temAM mInamekha thanAra nathI. akriyAvAdI kAryanA kAraNa tarIke yadacchA eTale AkasmikatA kahe che te kAryakAraNabhAvane vivecaka buddhithI jotAM koIpaNa buddhimAna svIkArI zake tema nathI. (3) ajJAnavAdanI sAme syAdvAda mahAvIre upadezela che. ajJAnavAda je je praznonI paraMparA vastunA astitva nAstitva saMbaMdhe utpanna kare che te te dareka prazno syAdvAdanA saptabhaMgI nyAyamAM aMtarbhAva pAme che ane tenA uttara paNa meLave che. te saptabhaMgI, je sAta judIjudI rIta vastunA astitva ane nAstitvanI "cAtu' ane 'eva' zabdasahita nirdeza karavAthI thAya che te che. te A pramANe : syAd ati eva- koI eka apekSAe (vidhinI pradhAnatAthI) niHzaMkapaNe vastu che. cAtrAti eva - koI bIjI apekSAe (niSedhanI pradhAnatAthI) niHzaMkapaNe vastu nathI. svAdasti nAsti eva - koI apekSAe niHzaMkapaNe vastunuM astitva che ane koI bIjI apekSAe vastunuM astitva nathI paNa. Ama judIjudI apekSAthI jude jude vakhate astitva ane nAstitva e baMnenuM pratipAdana karI zakAya.

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bhAratanI dharmabhAvanA 69 svAddhaktavya eva - cokkasapaNe koI apekSApUrvaka (vidhiniSedhanI yugapata pradhAnatAthI) vastunuM varNana karavuM azakya che. eka vastunA ekathI vadhAre guNo ekI sAthe ja kahI zakAya nahi, tethI jo eka ja apekSAthI eka ja vakhate vastunuM astitva ane nAstitva baMne pratipAdana karavuM hoya to ApaNe kahevuM ja joIe ke te kahI zakAya tema nathI eTale avaktavya che. svAdasti ca avaktavya - cokkasa rIte koI apekSAthI vastu vidyamAna che, paNa te ja kSaNe teno saMpUrNa rIte nirdeza karavo azakya che. cAtrAti ca avaktavya - cokkasa rIte koI koI apekSAe vastu vidyamAna nathI ane te ja kSaNe tenuM saMpUrNapaNe varNana karavuM azakya che. svAdati ca nAsti ca avaktavya - cokkasa rIte koI apekSAe vastu vidyamAna che ane koI bIjI apekSAe vastu vidyamAna nathI ane eka ja kSaNe te vastuno nirdeza karavo azakya che. ajJAnavAdIo ema kahetA ke anubhava bahAranI vastunuM astitva ke nAstitva ke ekI sAthe astitva nAstitvanuM vidhivatu ke niSedhavat pratipAdana thaI ja na zake, jyAre svAvAda kahe che ke dareka apekSAe vastunuM astitva, nAstitva vidhivat ke niSedhavat ke ekI sAthe astitva nAstitva upara jaNAvela che tema pratipAdita thaI zake. AthI ajJAnavAdIonI asara dAbavA mATe syAdvAdano udbhava thayela che ema DaoN. jekaoNbInuM mAnavuM che. A ajJAnavAdanI asara mahAvIranA samakAlIna buddhanA darzana para - bauddha dharma para thayela che ane khAsa karIne buddhanA nirvANa saMbaMdhenA siddhAMta para spaSTa rIte thaI lAge che. buddhane jyAre prazna karavAmAM Avyo ke 'tathAgata (mukta jIva - buddha) mRtyu pachI vidyamAna rahe che ke nahi ?" tyAre buddhe te praznano uttara ApavAnI nA pADI, (ane tethI loko ke jemAM sAmAnya buddhi hoya che. te lAMbA vAdamAM na UtaratAM teTalethI ja saMtoSa pAmatA) kAraNake AvA tattvajJAnanA prazno athavA tethI paNa vadhu mahattvanA prazno manuSyanI buddhithI ukelI zakAya tema nathI evuM potAnA vakhatanA lokane vAraMvAra kahevAmAM AvatAM loka samAdhAna pAmI jaI vizeSa carcA na laMbAvatA. jo buddhe tema na karyuM hota to te dhArmika sudhArakane loko vizeSa mAnata nahIM, kAraNake ukta prazno brAhmaNa dharmamAM (ane jaina dharmamAM ghaNA mahattvanA ane AdhArabhUta hatA ane tethI buddhe tenA mATe lAMbuM kAMtavAnuM pasaMda ja karyuM nahIM ane te praznonA uttara mAMgavAmAM AvatAM tenA uttara ApavAnI nA ja pADI. A parathI nirvANa saMbaMdhIno bauddha siddhAMta je rIte mUkavAmAM Avyo che te rIte jotAM ajJAnavAdanI asara te para thayelI pratIta thAya che. A vAtanI puSTimAM jaNAvavAnuM ke sAriputra ane mogalAna ke je buddhanA mahAnamAM mahAna ziSyomAMnA hatA te bauddha dharmamAM AvyA pahelAM ajJAnavAdanA saMcAlaka saMjayanA ziSyo hatA ane buddhanA ziSya thatI vakhate potAnI sAthe potAnA pUrva gurunA 20 ziSyo buddha pAse laI AvyA hatA. (juo DaoN. jekobInuM jaina sUtra S.B.E. vo. 4pa, prastAvanA.)

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto ajJAnavAdane narI dRSTithI jotAM ajJAna e sukhanuM, zAMtinuM, muktinuM kAraNa hoI zake e taddana mithyA lAge che. jainoe mukti samyagdarzana, samyajJAna ane samyakcAritra e traNe sAthe maLavAthI sadhAya che ema svIkAryuM che. (4) vinayavAda je rIte kahevAmAM Avela che temAM rahela vinayanuM anusaraNa svIkAravAmAM Avela che, paraMtu jeno vinaya karavAnuM kahela che temAMnA ekano agara taiTalAno ja vinaya karavAthI iSTa siddhi nathI, te ekAMta che, paraMtu te sarvano dezakAlAnusAra vinaya karavA sAthe je muktimArgamAM pravartanArA che teono je vinaya karavo, te ja vinaya muktinuM aMga che. 5. mahAvIrano prAdurbhAva iyati jagati pUjyaM janma gRhNAti kazcit vipulakuzalasetuH sattvasaMtAraNAya / / A jagatamAM koI puNya [pUjya] janma le che ke je jIvonA uddhAra arthe puSkaLa sukhanA seturUpa thAya che. 70 When the lamp is shatterd, The light at the dust lies dead, When the cloud is scattered The rainbow's glory is shed. - Shelley e to niHsaMdeha che ke mahAna puruSa potAnA yuga para prabala prabhAva pADe che, ane bhaviSyanA itihAsanuM bIja vAve che. A para vicAra karatAM itihAsanuM svarUpa-nirUpaNa yathArtha pratIta thAya che, paraMtu gaMbhIra rIte vicAratAM A ardha-satya vyAkhyA saMtoSadAyaka thatI nathI. jvAlAmukhI parvata phATe che ane cAre dizAnI bhUmi para asara kare che, tethI jvAlAmukhI parvatane ja A asalanA kAraNarUpa darzAvavuM e saMtoSajanaka vyAkhyA nathI. jvAlAmukhI parvata kaI rIte thAya che, temAM agni kyAMthI Ave che ityAdi pAchaLa kAraNaparaMparAmAM javuM jarUrI che. jyAre ApaNe pAchaLa dRSTi pheMkIe chIe tyAre jvAlAmukhI parvata kAraNabhUta jaNAto nathI, paraMtu dvArarUpe siddha thAya che; tevI ja rIte mahApuruSa potAnA ane potAthI pAchaLanA kAlanA yuga para asara kare che e satya che paraMtu te svayaM bhUtakAlanA putra ane vartamAna kAlanA baMdhu hoya che. mahAnamAM mahAna puruSa paNa potAnA jamAnAthI sarvathA svataMtra hotA nathI; ane tethI ja spensara kahe che ke "mahAn puruSa e potAnA yugamAMthI udbhavela vIra che.' rA. suzIlanA potAnA aprakaTa pustaka 'mahAvIrajIvanano sAra' athavA 'zrImanmahAvIranA jIvana prasaMgomAMthI udbhavato naitika bodha' (Moral from the 1. A pustaka 'zrI mahAvIra jIvana vistAra' e nAmathI bahAra paDI gayuM ane te lokamAM ghaNuM Adara pAmyuM. AthI tenI bIjI AvRtti hamaNAM pragaTa thaI che. lekhaka

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mahAvIrano prAdurbhAva 71 incidents of 1.ord Mahavira's Life)mAM A saMbaMdhe je manoramya girAmAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che te A lekhamAM utAravAnI lAlaca tajI zakAtI nathI. A vizvakSetra upara devI ane jagadoddhAraka tanuonA prAdurbhAvamAM pravartatAM aneka nimittonuM avalokana karatAM ema jaNAya che ke jyAre samAja athavA prajAno eka baLavAna ane sattAdhArI vibhAga potAnA sthUla svArthanuM rakSaNa karavA mATe asatya ane adharmano pakSa laI potAthI alpa zaktimAna vibhAgane satyathI vaMcita rAkhe che tyAre te Akramita ane parAjita thayelA satyanI bhasmamAMthI eka evuM divya sphaliMga pragaTe che ke jenI prakhara jvAlAmAM Akhare adharma ane anItino laya thAya che. ane tema hovAthI e divya liMganA prAkaTyamAM jeTalo nItino nahi teTalo anItino ane dharmano nahi teTalo adharmano phALo hoya che. parAbhava pAmelA satyane tenA mUla gauravasthAna upara pratiSThita karavA arthe ja mahApuruSonuM avataraNa hoya che. devI ane AsurI sattvonA vigrahamAM jyAre AsurI tattva potAnA ucca prakAranA sthUla baLanA prabhAvathI daivI sattvane dabAvI de che, potAnuM adharmazAsana pravartAve che tyAre tenA pratizAsaka tarIke devI sattvano pakSa laI asatyanuM nikaMdana karavA mATe kudaratanA garbhAgAramAMthI eka amogha vIryavAn AtmA janme che. A mahAsattvane loko avatAranI saMjJAthI Alekhe che. temanA avataraNano mukhya hetu jagatanI sarvadezIya pragatinA avarodhanAM kAraNone dUra karavAno hoya che. mahattA e ekalA sAmarthyane laIne nathI, paNa vidanono parihAra karavAmAM te sAmarthyano je upayoga thAya che tene laIne che ane te paNa jeTalA prabaLa aMtarAya ane pratibaMdho sAme laDavAmAM te vaparAyuM hoya teTalA pramANamAM ja che. jagatamAM je je puruSo mahAna gaNAyA che te mAtra temanA aMtargata sAmarthyanA prabhAvathI ja nahi, paNa te sAmarthyane adharmanI sAme virodhamAM rokI Akhare adharmane parAsta karavAthI ja gaNAyA che. je sAmarthya kAryazUnya che, tenI jaganne khabara ja paDatI nathI. kathitAzaya e che ke mahApuruSonA mahattvanuM upAdAna 'adharma athavA asatyanI sAme laDavAmAM potAnA sAmarthyano karelo upayoga' che. vistutaH e mahAna AtmAone AkarSanAra adharma nathI, paNa adharmanuM prAbalya jyAre satyanA svarane gUMgaLAvI nAMkhe che tyAre te vakhate duHkhAtta thayelA satyano AMtara pukAra te mahAtmAne AkarSe che, chatAM mahAjanonuM kharekhara mahattva adharma, asatya ane anItine AbhArI che. rAmanI mahattA rAvaNanA adharmathI ja baMdhAyelI che, kRSNanuM aizvarya kauravonI anItithI ja jagatane spaSTa thavA pAmyuM che, e ja pramANe pravRttinA pratyeka kSetramAM je je puruSoe kaMIpaNa hattA prApta karI che te-te te kSetramAM rahelA halakA sattvano parAjaya karavAthI ja prApta thayelI che. mahattAnuM A dhoraNa daSTimAM rAkhI mahAvIranuM mahattva zemAM raheluM che e avalokIe arthAt kaI anIti athavA asatya sAme temaNe vigraha karI jagatamAM kayuM Avazyaka ane upakAraka tattva umeryuM te joIe." AryAvartanI A samaye rAjakIya, sAmAjika ane dhArmika sthiti zuM hatI te ApaNe upara joI gayA chIe, chatAM tenA niSkarSa ane suMdara upasaMhAra rUpe rA. suzIlanA zabdo TAMkIe to "pacIsameM varSa pahelAM AryAvartanI dharmabhAvanAmAM mahAna

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto parivartana zarU thayuM hatuM. upaniSad ane gItAnA vizuddha bhAvo luptaprAya thayA hatA ane tenuM sthAna mAtra arthahIna AcAra, hetuzUnya vidhio ane kaMTALAbharelI kriyAonI paraMparAe lIdhuM hatuM. pAramArthika rahasyanI cheka ja vismRti thaI hatI ane deva-devIonI saMkhyA eTalI badhI jhaDapathI vadhatI cAlI hatI ke te sarvane saMtuSTa rAkhavAnA mahAna bojAmAM manuSyone potAnA AtmakalyANano avakAza ja raheto ja nahoto. je gaurava, sanmAna ane mahattva potAnA guNa ane kRtinA prabhAvathI pUrve svIkArAtAM hatAM te have brAhmaNo potAnA paraMparAgata haka tarIke gaNavA lAgyA hatA. jJAtinI maryAdAo atyaMta sAMkaDI thaI gaI hatI ane sthUla kiMmatanA badalAmAM brAhmaNo lokone pAramArthika treyanI lAlaca ApI temanI vatI kriyAkAMDamAM pravarttatA hatA. samAjanI zraddhAne adhama rastA upara ghasaDavAmAM AvatI hatI ane teno aNaghaTato lAbha te kAlanA baLavAna vibhAge brAhmaNoe levA mAMDyo hato. dharmabhAvanAnuM jIvaMtapaNuM vilupta thaI mAtra saMpradAyanuM sAMkaDApaNuM ane kriyAkAMDanI jaDatA avazeSa rahI hatI." 72 "mahAvIranA kALathI pAMcase varSa upara paNa lagabhaga AvI ja vastusthiti vartatI hatI. te vakhate paNa kheda upajAve tevA yajJayAga pUrajosathI cAlatA hatA; chatAM saubhAgyano viSaya e hato ke te kAle keTalAka samaju RSio evI kriyAonuM tucchapaNuM joI zakyA hatA ane temaNe pAramArthika zreya mATe tenuM nirupayogIpaNuM samAjane darzAvI ApyuM hatuM. temaNe upaniSadonI racanA karI tenAM rahasyo bhaNI temanuM lakSya khecyuM hatuM. asaMkhya nAnAmoTA devone haDaselI pADI tenuM sthAna samasta nisarganuM mahArAjya ke je eka parama tattva vaDe vyApI rahyuM che tene ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. varuNa, agni, sUrya vagere aneka sattvone prasanna rAkhavA ane teo duniyAnA vyavahAramAM Dakhala na kare te mATe yajJAdikathI saMtoSavAno pracAra, paramabrahmanI vizuddha bhAvanAnA balavAnapaNAthI gauNapaNAne pAmyo hato ane tethI brAhmaNonI vRttinA svArthI aMzane AghAta pahoMcavA pAmyo hato; tema chatAM paNa upaniSanAM rahasyothI samAjanA DAhyA ane pragatizIla vibhAga upara evI uttama asara thaI hatI ke ghaNA kALa sudhI yajJAdika kriyAkAMDanuM jora pravartI zakyuM nahIM. samAjanuM dhyAna, vizeSa karIne prAkRtika sattvone rAjI rAkhavA karatAM, pAralaukika jIvana ane AtmAnA svarUpa saMbaMdhe bahu AvegapUrvaka AkarSAyuM hatuM; chatAM e sthiti ghaNo kALa nabhavA pAmI nahIM. lagabhaga traNaseM cArarse varSa sudhI tenI asara nyUnAdhikapaNe rahI; paNa mahAvIra devanA AvirbhAvakAle te jUnAM sAmarthro pAchAM saMpUrNa vegamAM AvyAM hatAM. tAttvika vibhAga tarapha lokonI ruci maMda paDI gaI hatI. dharmaguruo ruzavata laI svarga ane mokSa sudhIno paravAno ApavAnI dhRSTatA karatA zarU thayA hatA, ane zAstrAbhyAsa tema svataMtra vicAraNA mATe brAhmaNo sivAya koIno paNa adhikAra nahoto. yajJAdika karmanA adhikAra mATe brAhmaNo, kSatriyo ane vaizyo vacce jabarI tANAtANa cAlatI hatI. AcAravicAranA niyAmaka maMtromAMthI artha UThI gayo hato mAtra zabdanAM khAlI khokhAM paDyAM rahyAM hatAM. samayanA badalAvA sAthe AcAra paNa badalAyAthI Akho AcArakAMDa gaMdhAtA jaLanA khAbociyA jevo banI gayo hato. AtmAnA cAlI gayA --

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mahAvIrano prAdurbhAva 73 pachI pAchaLa paDI rahelA piMjara jevI sthiti pratyeka sthaLe banI rahI hatI. unnatikrama ane pragatizIlatAnAM cakro jUnA vicAranA kIcaDamAM eTalI hade kheMcI gayAM hatAM ke tene pAchAM saDaka upara cAlatI sthitimAM mUkavA mATe eka vIra AtmAnI jarUra hatI." mahAvIra prabhunA AvirbhAvakAle kevI vastusthiti vartatI hatI tenuM varNana mi. datta A pramANe Ape che : Such was the state of things in India in the Sixth century before Christ. Religion in its true sense had been replaced by forms. Excellent social and moral rules were disfigured by the unhealthy distinctions of caste, by exclusive privileges for Brahmins, by cruel laws for Shudras. Such exclusive caste privileges did not help to improve the Brahmans themselves. As a community they became grasping and covetous, ignorant and pretentious until Brahman Sutrakaras themselves had to censure the abuse in the strongest terms. For the Sudras who had come under the shelter of the Aryan religion, there was no religious instruction, no religious observance, no social respect. Despised and degrraded in the community in which they lived, they sighed for a change; and the invidious distinction became unbearable as they increased in number, pursued various useful industries, owned lands and villages and gained in influence and power. Thus society was held in cast-iron mould which it had long out-grown and the social, religious and legal literature of the day still proclaimed and upheld the cruel injustice against the Sudra long after the Sudra had become civilized and industrious and a worthy member of society. - Romesh Chandra Dutt. AnuM bhASAMtara rA. suzIla A pramANe kare che ? ra500 varSa pahelAM AryAvartanI sthiti AvI hatI : dharmanI yathArtha bhAvanAno nAza thaI tenuM sthAna arthahIna AcAravicAre lIdhuM hatuM. uttama sAmAjika ane naitika niyamo, duSTa jJAtibhedathI ane brAhmaNo mATe khAsa haka ane zUdro mATe ghAtakI dhArAothI vikRta thayA hatA. AvA jJAtijanya vizeSa adhikArathI brAhmaNonI sthiti UlaTI bagaDavA pAmI. AkhA samAja tarIke teo eTalI hade lobhI, lAlacu, ajJAna ane abhimAnI banI gayA ke brAhmaNa sUtrakArone paNa vastusthitinI ghaNI sakhata bhASAmAM jhATakaNI kADhavI paDI hatI. zUdro ke jeoe Arya dharmanA chatrataLe Azraya lIdho hato temane mATe dhArmika zikSaNa, vrata, ane kriyAno niSedha hato. sAmAjika sanmAna temane mATe muddala nahotuM, ane samAjamAM teo vasatA hatA paNa temanA taraphathI

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74 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto tiraskAra ane dhikkAra pAmavAthI teo kAMIka parivartana mATe AturatAthI rAha jotA hatA; ane jema jema teonI saMkhyA vadhatI cAlI, upayogI hunnara, udyogamAM praviNa thatA gayA, jamIna ane gAmonA mAlika banatA gayA, ane temano prabhAva ane sattA vistaratAM gayAM tematema AvI dveSayukta jJAtibhinnatA temane asahya thatI gaI. A pramANe Akho samAja vatulya daDha khokhAmAM goMdhAI rahyo hato. zUdro sabhyatA ane udyogamAM AgaLa vadhavA chatAM ane samAjanA sabhya tarIke lAyaka thavA chatAM te kAlanuM sAmAjika dhArmika ane kAyadA saMbaMdhInuM sAhitya temanA pratye adhama nyAya vartAvI rahyuM hatuM." "unnatinAM AvAM avarodhaka kAraNo dUra karavA mATe eka prabaLa zaktimAna vIra AtmAnA prAdurbhAvanI jarUra hatI. ghaNA kALanA ekatra thayelA kacarAnA DhagalAone jhADI kADhyA vinA samAjathI eka pagaluM paNa AgaLa vadhAya tema nahotuM. jIvananA Atmika aMzone mUrchAvasthAmAMthI pAchA cetanavaMta karavA mATe eka jIvanaprada amRtapravAhanI AvazyakatA hatI. te kAle jIvanavyavahAra taddana prAkRta koTino thaI gayo hato, ane tethI lokonI lAgaNInuM baLa ThaMDuM thavAthI paramArtha pravRttino vega zithilatAne pAmyo hato; kiyA, rUDhi, ane arthahIna maMtavyonA prAbalyathI sAmAjika jIvanamAM ekamArgIpaNuM (monotony) vyApI gayuM hatuM. lokahRdayanI karamAI gayelI ucca vRttione punaH praphulla karavA mATe vRSTinI rAha AturatApUrvaka jovAtI hatI. dharmabhAvanAnA nArA sAthe prajAjIvananI samasta bhAvanAone AghAta pahoMcyo hato. A badhA aMtarAya toDavA mATe eka viziSTa zaktinuM parisphoTana thavuM ja joIe." muni mahArAja zrI jinavijayajInA zabdo atre noMdhavA jevA che : "bhAratavarSa dharmapradhAna deza che. bhAratanI prajAnI bahumUlya saMpatti te tenI dharmabhAvanA che. dhArmika sattA e bhAratIya prajAnA mate sarvoparI sattA che. jema e dharmapriyatAe bhAratavarSane saMsAramAM sarvazreSThapaNuM samapyuM che tema tene hINapaNuM paNa teNe ApyuM che. jema eka jAtanI dharmapriyatAe bhAratane jagatanA gurUpade sthApyuM che tema bIjI jAtanI dharmapriyatAe tene jagatamAM gulAmInA Asane paNa besADyuM che. emAMthI prathama prakAranI dharmapriyatAne huM 'Adarza zraddhAnuM nAma ApuM chuM, (ke je dharmazraddhAne pariNAme A prakaraNanA mathALe misisa enI besaMTanAM vAkyonuM rahasya samajI zakAze.) ane bIjA prakAranI dharmapriyatAne "aMdhazraddhA' tarIke jaNAvavA icchuM chuM. bhagavAn mahAvIranA avatAra samaye Adarza zraddhAno lopa thaIne, dezamAM aMdhazraddhAnuM vAtAvaraNa chavAI raheluM hatuM. aMdhazraddhAnI parAdhInatA videzI sattAnI nIcenI parAdhInatA karatAM vadhAre bandhanakAraka ane vadhAre svAtaMtryavighAtaka hoya che. sattAnI gulAmImAMthI mukta thavuM saheluM che, paraMtu zraddhAnI gulAmImAMthI mukta thavuM kaThina che. zraddhAnI gulAmIe saMsAramAM jeTalo kSobha ane udvega macAvyo che teTalo sattAnI gulAmIe nathI macAvyo. jagatamAM hiMsA ane adharmanA sAmrAjayanuM kAraNa mULa aMdhazraddhA ja che. AvI aMdhazraddhAnI sattAmAM te vakhatanuM bhAratavarSa joDAyeluM hatuM." A aMdhazraddhAnuM varNana te munizrI arthagaMbhIra zabdomAM AgaLa jatAM kahe che ke "dharmagura

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dharmapravartaka tarIke mahAvIra brAhmaNo brahma-ciMtA choDI dravyaciMtAnA mohamAM sapaDAyA hatA, ane tenA lIdhe dharmagurunA jhabbA nIce teo jAtyabhimAna, kulAbhimAna ane sattAbhimAnanAM aneka chUpAM paheraNo paherI rahetA hatA. dharma-karmanI sarva sattA teo potAnA kabaje karI beThA hatA ane jeo temanA e jhabbAne mAna ApI temanuM prabhutva svIkAratA temane ja teo Astika ke Aryano khitAba ApI temanA mATe mokSanAM dvAra teo ughADAM rAkhatA. te sivAyanA loko temanA mate zUdra, vrAtya, anArya ke nAstika gaNAtA ane teo mokSanA adhikArI kahevAtA. eka tarapha teo AvI rIte potAnA virodhIone tiraskAratA ane bIjI tarapha teo potAnA bhaktone paNa yajJa-yAganA mahAna ADaMbaro ane dakSiNAnA jabaradasta kothI aprIti upajAvatA. deza bahAranI je prajAo bhAratavarSano Azraya levA AvatI temane aspRzya ane ayogya (anArya) kahIM - dharma ane jJAnanA adhikArI batAvI manuSyatAnI koTimAMthI paNa bahiSkRta karatA-karAvatA. azvamedha, chAgamedha, gomedha, naramedha jevA hiMsaka yajJomAM jIvaghAta karI sadaya ane udAra AryonAM aMtaHkaraNa dubhAvatA. dezamAM AvI rIte aMdhazraddhAnA yoge dveSa, kleza ane ghRNAnI bhAvanA sarvatra phelAI rahI hatI, ane dharmanA nAme adharmanuM rAjya cAlI rahyuM hatuM." - 'mahAvIra' (caitra zuda 13 vIrAt 2447) 6. dharmapravartaka tarIke mahAvIra munizrI jinavijayajI mahArAjanA zabdomAM kahIe to evA ja samayamAM bhagavAna mahAvIrano janma thayo hato. "AryaprajAnuM (brAhmaNonuM) dharmanA nAma nIce AvuM (upara varNavyA mujabanuM) adharmAcaraNa joI temanuM (mahAvIranuM) mana udvigna thayuM. aMdhazraddhAnA bali thayelA lokone potAnA aihika sukha mATe asaMkhya prANIono saMhAra karatA joI temanuM dayAlu hRdaya tharatharI UThyuM. temanA agAdha aMtaHkaraNamAMthI UMDo dhvani UThyo ke - "vujjhAhi khattiyavaravasahA / sayalajagajjIvahiyaM pavattehi dhammatitthaM / hiya suya nisseyasakaraM savvaloe savvajIvANaM bhavissaiti // " he kSatriyava2 zreSTha ! UTha, jagatanA sakala jIvonA hitArthe dharmatIrtha pravartAva ! tAro dharma badhA jIvone hita(kara), sukha(kara) ane niHzreyaskara thaze ! potAnA aMtaHkaraNamAM UThelA AvA (divya) avAjane mAna ApI e kSatriyakula netAe sarvasvano tyAga kIdho ane pUrNa nirprantha banI jagatanA uddhArano mArga khoLI kADhavA mATe nirjana vanonI gahana jhADIono Azraya lIdho. sADAbAra varSanI ghora tapazcaryAnA aMte e mahAvI2 narane muktino mArga pratyakSa jaNAyo ane pachI tadanusAra jIvananAM chellAM 30 varSo sudhI satata paribhramaNa karI" AryaprajAne temaNe potAnA mokSamArgano sAco sadbodha Apyo. A vikaTa mAmalAmAM sAhityasamrATa DaoNkTara ravIndranAtha TAgora kahe che tema Mahavira proclaimed in India the message of salvation that religion is a reality and not a mere social convention. That -- 75

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76 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto salvation comes from taking refuge in that true religion, and not from observing the external ceremonies of the community - that religion cannot regard any barrier between man and man as an eternal verity. Wondrous to relate this teaching rapidly overstopped the barriers of the races abiding instinct and conquered the whole country. For a long period now the influence of Kshatriya teachers completely suppressed the Brahmin power. AnuM bhASAMtara rA. suzIla A pramANe kare che ? mahAvIre DiDimanAdathI evo mokSano saMdeza bhAratavarSamAM vistAryo ke dharma e mAtra sAmAjika rUDhi nahi paNa vAstavika satya che - mokSa e sAMpradAyika bAhya kriyA-kAMDa pALavAthI maLato nathI paNa te satya dharmanA svarUpamAM Azraya levAthI prApta thAya che - ane dharmamAM manuSya ane manuSyano bheda sthAyI rahI zakato nathI. kahetAM Azcarya Upaje che ke A zikSaNe, samAjanA hRdayamAM jaDa ghAlIne beThelI bhAvanAo rUpI vighnone tvarAthI bhedI nAMkhI, ane AkhA dezane vazIbhUta karyo. tyAra pachI ghaNA kALa sudhI A kSatriya upadezakonA prabhAva-baLathI brAhmaNonI sattA abhibhUta rahI hatI." koIpaNa dharmapravartakane dharmavyavasthAmAM (organization) dezanI sthiti - tenA saMjogo para khAsa lakSa ApavuM paDe che. mahAvIranA samayamAM be bhAga nAme brAhmaNo ane brAhmaNetaro - kSatriya, vaizya ane zUdra ema mukhyapaNe vaheMcAI gayA hatA. brAhmaNonuM Adhipatya atizaya vizeSa, anyathI atIva caDiyAtuM hatuM ane rAjAomAM ekacakave rAjya karanAra cakravartI ke samrATa koI na hovAthI judAMjudAM rAjyo para sattA dharAvatA rAjAo aneka hatA ane temanI sattA prajAnI sahAya sAthe, agara anya rAjyakIya jAtionI sahAya sAthe prabaLapaNe tenI prajA para pravartatI hatI. "mahAvIra jANatA hatA ke samAja upara kharI asara brAhmaNo dvArA ja thaI zakaze kemake te jamAnAmAM temanuM jora prabaLapaNe vartI rahyuM hatuM. tethI temaNe potAnA prabhAvano prathama upayoga te kALanA mukhya ane vidvAna brAhmaNone potAnA pakSamAM levAmAM karyo. jena graMthomAM IdrabhUti, vAyubhUti, agnibhUti Adi agiyAra suvikhyAta brAhmaNoe mahAvIra AgaLa dIkSA lIdhAnI je hakIkata astavyasta AkAramAM A kALe rahevA pAmI che te e ja vAtanuM samarthana kare che ke mahAvIre sarvathI prathama, jenA vaDe samAjanI pragati avarodhane pAmI hatI tevA brAhmaNone potAnA pakSamAM levA udyoga karyo hato. prabhunA agiyAra gaNadharo prathama kriyAkAMDI brAhmaNo hatA ane tenA upadezathI anuraMjita thaI potAnA moTA ziSyasamudAyo sahita temanA zaraNe AvyA hatA." prajA jenA julama ane trAsathI pIDAtI hatI, ane je prajAnI pragatine bAdhaka adharma ane anItithI bharela kAraNo hatAM te A ? ghaNAM varSothI, svArthane laIne

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dharmapravartaka tarIke mahAvIra brAhmaNoe UbhI karelI varNaviSamatA jAtibheda (potAnuM Adhipatya ane anya varNanuM adhikArIpaNuM ane kaniSThapaNuM), vaidika hiMsA-yajJAdi, aneka devonuM astitva kalpanAthI upajAvI kADhI tene tuSTamAna karavA mATe kapoLakalpita yojelI pUjAvidhio - prAyazcitta, khAnapAna zayanAdi hamezanI kriyA mATe upajAvela karmakAMDa vagere rUDhio pracalita hatI. te sarvane tilAMjali ApavA mATe mahAvIre satata Apela upadeza ane Adeza; temaja ahiMsA ane samAnatAno vIsaMdeza eTalo badho vegavAna hato ke bhAratavarSanA cAre khUNAmAM pharI vaLyo. AthI loko parano - brAhmaNeta2 loko parano julama javAthI temanuM sAMtvana thayuM. AthI ja kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke homahavanAdika laukika rivAja ghaNo cAlato joI, tIrthaMkara bhagavAne (vIraprabhue) potAnA kALamAM dayAnuM varNana dhaNuM ja sUkSma rIte karyuM che. jainanA jevA dayA saMbaMdhInA vicAro koI darzana ke saMpradAyavALAo karI zakyA nathI; kemake teo (jaina) paMceMdriyano ghAta to na kare, paNa teoe ekeMdriyAdimAM jIva hovAnuM vizeSa vizeSa dRDha karI dayAno mArga varNavyo che. rAjAo mahAna sattA dareka saMbaMdhe loko pa2 dharAve che ane tenuM AcaraNa lokone anukaraNa rUpa thAya che eTaluM ja nahIM, paraMtu tenA prabhAvathI aneka prajAjano tenA pratye AkarSAya che, AthI mahAvIre potAnA sarvamAnya upadezathI ghaNA rAjAone mugdha karyAM ane te eTalI badhI hade ke keTalAkoe potAnuM rAjyapATa choDI daI mahAvIra pAse dIkSA laI sAdhunuM bhISaNa vrata svIkAryuM; ane ghaNAo mahAvIranA dharmanuyAyI thayA. AthI loko para vizeSa prakArano prabhAva paDyo. Ama chatAM mahAvIre baLAtkAre potAnA vicAra ane siddhAMto rAjA ke prajA 52 ThasAvavAno Agraha rAkhyo nathI. mahAvIre dezanI pracalita bhASAmAM sAdI ane sarala rIte satyanA prabhAvane janahRdayamAM aMkita karyo; ane AtmadharmanA svarUpane tenA gaurava-sthAna upara pratiSThita karI lokone ghaNA kALanI mohinadrAmAMthI jagADyA. lokabhASAmAM potAnA Adarzo mUkyA. A Adarzo zuM hatA te saMbaMdhamAM 22. paramAnanda kuMvarajInA vicAra mananIya hoI atra TAMkIe chIe : "bhagavAna mahAvIre jaina dharmano punaruddhAra karyo eTale ke jainanA je viziSTa Adarzo gaNAya te samAjajIvanamAM lupta thatA jatA hatA tenI samAjazarIramAM punaH pratiSThA karI. A Adarzo zuM ?` ahiMsA, satya ane saMnyAsa. jeno bhagavAna mahAvIre upadeza karyo te ja AtmajIvanamAM temaNe jIvI batAvyuM. temanA jIvananI samIkSA karIe to ukta traNa Adarzo savizeSa pratyakSa thAya che. yajJayAgAdikamAM temaja 1. sarakhAvo dazavaikAlika sUtranI prathama gAthA dhammo maMgala mukki ahiMsA saMjamo tavo ahiMsA, saMyama ane tapa e dharma che - utkRSTa maMgala che. Avo vizALa siddhAMta mahAvI2zAsanamAM gAjI rahyo che. 77

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78 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto atravyavahAramAM hiMsAnuM prAbalya hatuM, bhagavAna mahAvIre hiMsAno hrAsa kIdho, ahiMsA dharmano pracAra kIdho. lokomAM vahemanuM sAmrAjya hatuM, teonA vicArasvAtaMtryane vedonI beDIthI jakaDI levAmAM AvyuM hatuM. paththara eTalA deva pUjAtA hatA, brAhmaNavarga salAhakAra maTI sattAlobhI banI gayela hato. A samaye bhagavAna mahAvIranuM yuddha hatuM. dharmanI kiMmata satyathI thAya che, satyanI kiMmata dharmathI thatI nathI e temaNe batAvavAnuM hatuM. je prajJAthI anumata na hoya teno anya pramANathI svIkAra thaI na zake e lokone samajAvavAnuM hatuM. A temaNe karI batAvyuM ane e rIte satya dharmanI temaNe pratiSThA karI. saMnyAsa dharmano digvijaya paNa temane AbhArI che. A ahiMsA, satya ane saMnyAsa bhagavAna mahAvIranA jIvananI traNa mukhya vibhUtio che. A traNenuM jyAM jyAM darzana thatuM hoya tyAM tyAM jaina dharmano ja vijaya varte che....("jaina ane mahad jena' lekha) temaNe muktino adhikAra manuSyamAtrane mATe (are ! sarva jIva mATe) sarakhA. hakathI sthApita karyo, pachI te brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya ke zUdra hoya. AthI jAtibhedanI varNaviSamatA dUra karI A rIte sAmyavAdanA dhoraNanuM sthApana karI kahyuM ke : kammuNA baMbhaNo hoi kammuNA hoi khattio / vaisso kammuNA hoi suddo havai kammuNA / / sakkhaM khu dIsai tavo vidoso na dIsai jAivisesu koi / sovAgaputtaM hariesasAhu, jasserisA iDhDhI mahANubhAvA / / uttarAdhyayana adhyayana 25, gAthA 31 tathA a. 12, gA. 31 arthAt - (koI manuSya, mAtra janmathI ja brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya ke zUdra hoI zakato nathI, kiMtu) manuSyamAtramAM te te pravRttine aMge - karmanA aMge brAhmaNatva, kSatriyatva, vaizyatva ke zaitva AvI zake che, ane brAhmaNa paNa kAle pharIne zUdratAne pAme che ane zUdra paNa vikAsanA prakarSane lIdhe brAhmaNatvanI parAkASThAne pahoMce che. mAnavamAtranI pUjyatA tenA guNo, AcAro ane kartavyomAM ja samAyelI che, nahi ke tenI jAtimAM. kule karIne cAMDALa paNa tenA guNone lIdhe pUjApAtra brahmasvarUpa pAmI zake che. tapavizeSa sAkSAt dekhAya che, koI jAtivizeSa dekhAto nathI. zvapAka (caMDAla)nA putra harikeza sAdhune juo jene AvI mahAnubhAva - mahAprabhAvaka Rddhi che. zrI mahAvIre jagatane potAnA pegAmo A pramANe ApyA che : (1) aMdhazraddhAne dUra karavA mATe kahyuM ke "satataM mUke ghamma manANAti' - je satata mUDha che, aMdhazraddhALu che te dharmane jANato nathI - jANI zakato nathI. (2) jAtyabhimAna - kulAbhimAna - varNAbhimAna dUra karavA jaNAvyuM ke "vo hI, jo tiritte' - jagatamAM koI hINa ke atirikta - nIca ke UMca nathI. jAtibheda mahAvIre svIkAryo nathI. temanA dharmasAmrAjyamAM sarva varNana - Arya-anAryane sarakho adhikAra chevaTanA sAdhya - mukti sudhdhAMno che. temaNe upadeza paNa Arya-anArya bannene saMbodhIne Apela che. aupapAtika sUtra-pa6mAM jaNAvyuM che ke "tesiM savaeNsiM

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dharmapravartaka tarIke mahAvIra mariyamanADhiyA vinA, ghamaeN bAu' A sarvane - Arya ane anAryone teNe aglAnapaNe - thAka lIdhA vagara dharma kahyo. (3) yajJanI hiMsAmaya vidhino niSedha karavA prakaTa karyuM ke sarva jIvone jIvanano sarakho hakka che. "sarve inavi pica' - sarva jIvone jIvana priya che - ISTa che. _ 'savve pANA piyA piyAuvA, suhasAyA, dukkhapaDikUlA, appiyavahA, piyajIviNo, jIviukAmA / NAtivAejjaM kiMcaNaM / ' - sarva prANIone AyuSya priya che, sarvane sukhanI zAtA - IcchA che, badhAne duHkha pratikUla che, badhAne vadha - haNAvuM apriya che, saune potAnuM jIvita priya che, sarva jIvavA cAhe che - jIvavAnI kAmanA rAkhe che, tethI koIneya mAravuM ke duHkha ApavuM nahi. koIne tema karavAno hakka nathI. temaNe jaNAvyuM ke (juo AcArAMga samyaktva nAmanuM cothuM adhyayana) : "huM kahuM chuM ke - je atItamAM thayA, hAla pratyupatra che ane have pachI thaze te sarva bhagavAnane evI rIte vade che, bhASAmAM bole che, varNave che ane prarUpe che ke : _ 'savvepANA savve bhUyA savve jIvA savve sattA Na haMtavyA, Na ajjAveyavvA, Na parighatavvA, Na paritAveyavvA, Na uddayeyavvA.' - sarva prANIne - sarvabhUtone - sarva jIvo - sarva sattvone haNavA nahIM, temanA para hakumata calAvavI nahIM, temane kabaje karavAM nahIM, temane paritApa Apavo nahIM, temane herAna karavAM nahIM. | sarva lokanAM kheda ane duHkhanA jJAtAe Avo zuddha ane nitya dharma (zAsana) utyitane - jAgelAne, anucita eTale nahi jAgelA - nahi taiyAra thayelAone, uparatadaMDanigrahIone, anigrahIone, bAhya patitane, apatitane, saMyogarata bhogIone tathA yogIone batAvyo che. 'tAM vecaM tahAya hasti ya pavu." - te ja dharma zreya che, tathArUpapaNe - kharekharo zreyarUpa che, ane te ja pramANe - tethI te zreya kahevAya che. "mATe te dharmane yathArthapaNe jANIne gopavavo nahi. pheMkI devo - neve mUkavo nahi - te dharmane jANIne yathArthapaNe vartavuM. daSTithI nirveda - vairAgya dharavo. jo nospesa vare - lokaiSaNAne anusaravI nahi - lokonI dekhAdekhIthI dorAvuM nahi." AvuM ahiMsAnuM paramatattva pratipAdita karI ahiMsAno paramadharma - mahAna siddhAMta samajAvyo. ahiMsAnA siddhAMtane AvI sarala-sAdI, svAbhAvika ane satya rIte saMsAramAM bIjA koIe samajAvyo hoya tema jaNAtuM nathI. (4) yajJathI devatAo prasanna thaI kRpA kare che - vAMchita phala Ape che, yA to svarga-sukha meLavAya che, e bhramano uccheda karavA - e kRpAvAdano nirAsa karavA, ane AtmasaMyama ane baMdha-mokSanA rahasyane spaSTa karatAM e vIre jaNAvyuM ke :

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80 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto 'purisA ! attANameva abhiNigijjha, evaM duHkkhA pamokkhasi / - bandhamokkho ca tujjha ajjhatthameva / ' - he puruSa ! tuM tArA AtmAne ja AzAtRNAthI dUra rAkha, jethI duHkhathI mukta thaze - baMdha ane mokSa e baMne tArA aMtaramAM ja che. vyakti ke rASTranA uddhAra mATe temaNe je svAvalaMbanano - Atmabala (Soul-force) para ja nirbhara rahevAno mArga batAvyo che te pUrNa satya ane sanAtana che. puruSa ke dezane bandhanamAMthI mukta karanAra anya koI nathI paNa kevala ApaNuM potAnuM ja samyagdarzana, jJAna ane AcaraNa che. zuddha zraddhApUrvaka, sadasavivekabuddhine jAgrata rAkhI jo ApaNe sadAcAranuM yathArtha pAlana karIzuM to avazya ApaNe parAdhInatAmAMthI mukti meLavIzuM. e mahAvIrano AryaprajAne eka, nitya ane amogha upadeza che. paDhamaM NANaM tao dayA, evaM ciThThai savvasaMjae / aNANI kiM kAhI, kiM vA NAhI cheya pAvagaM / / soccA jANai kallANaM soccA jANai pAvagaM / ubhayapi jANai socA jaM cheyaM taM samAcare / / paheluM jJAna che ane pachI dayA che. ema saghaLA saMyatI - sAdhuo pravarte che. (kemake) ajJAnI zuM karaze ? - karI zake ? temAM zuM zreya che, zuM pAvaka-pApa che eTale zuM sAruMnarasuM - bhaluM bhUMDuM che te zuM jANaze - jANI zake ? je kalyANa (rUpa) che te sAMbhaLIne je jANe, ane je pApa (rUpa) che te sAMbhaLIne jANe, - e baMnene eTale zreya ane pApa - dharmaadharma - kartavya akartavyane sAMbhaLIne je jANe te ja zreyarUpa je che tene Acare. (upadezapada TIkAkAre ullekhelI gAthA. pR.1pa1) saMsayaM pariyANato saMsAre parinnAte bhavati / saMsayaM aparijANao saMsAre apariNNA te bhavati / / - je saMzayane jANe che te saMsArane paNa jANe che, je saMzayane nathI jANato, teNe saMsAra paNa jANyo nathI. - AcArAMga sUtra a. 5, 6-1, gA. ra67 (5) lokonA rAgadveSa svacchede na dorAI jAya te mATe vikaTa AcAramArganI ghaTanA karI; ane temAM be uttarottara mArga karI ucca pratinA mATe - sAdhu mATe sAdhvAcAra - sAdhudharma ane tethI UtaratI paMktinA gRhastha varga mATe zrAvakAcAra - zrAvakadharmanI ghaTanA karI. "zrAvaka ane sAdhunA mArga - gRhasthAzrama ane saMnyastAzramamAM viziSTa pada temaNe sanyAsane ApyuM. cAre varNane saMnyAsanA adhikArI banAvyA. saMnyAsa paratve strIno bahiSkAra karavAmAM Avyo hato. teno asvIkAra karI caMdanabALAne potAnI prathama sAdhvI banAvI. saMnyAsa vinA manuSya jIvanano uddhAra saMbhavI zakato ja nathI e AtmajIvathI siddha karI batAvyuM." (6) manuSyane potAnA svArtha mATe koIno vadha karavAnI sattA nathI. sarva jIvone

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dharmapravartaka tarIke mahAvIra 81 potAnuM astitva jALavI rAkhavAnI sattA che. sarva jIvo potAnA jevA che, ane sUkSmamAM sUkSma jIva paNa mukti pratye gamana karavA mATe hakkadAra che eTaluM ja nahIM paraMtu tene puruSArthathI hastagata karI zake che. AthI vaidika hiMsA jevI krUra ane bhayaMkara rUDhinA para sakhata ane tIvra ghA mUkI ahiMsA ke jenI aMdara je kaMI suMdara, hitakara ane kalyANa kare che te samasta samAI jAya che teno pracaMDa udghoSa karI "ahiMsA paramo dharma' ene prathama sthAna ApyuM. (7) manuSya ke koI jIvane potAnA puruSArtha sivAya muktiprAptimAM anya sahAyanI apekSA nathI, tethI koI deva ke bIjAne yajJAdikathI rAjI rAkhavA ane tema rAjI rAkhe iSTa vastu meLavI zakAya che e taddana mithyA che ema batAvI yajJAdikathI devonuM AhvAna, temanA prasAda (kRpA)nI prApti Adi upara mIMDuM mUkyuM, ane man is the architect of his fortune - manuSya potAnA saubhAgyano pote ja adhipati - nirmAtA che e amizrita ane spaSTa zabdomAM jagata samakSa pratipAdita karyuM. (8) darzana - tattvajJAnamAM AtmAnuM astitva batAvI te AtmAnuM aMtima lakSya sAdhavA mATe ekaluM jJAna, ekalI kriyA; ekaluM tapa, ekalI bhAvanA; ekaluM vIrya, ekalI sAdhyadaSTi; ekaluM kathana - kaheNI, ekalo AcAra - raheNI e niSphaLa che, paNa te samastanI jarUra che - saphalatA mATe e samastano yoga Avazyaka che. jagatanI ane AtmAnI nityatA anityatA, astitva nAstitva, vaktavyatA avaktavyatA, ema baMne judIjudI daSTithI jotAM jaNAya che. Ama sarvanuM mizraNa ane sarvathI svAtaMtrya e baMne svarUpa jaNAvI vizvavyavasthA, AtmasvarUpa, ane muktimArga vizAla daSTithI darzAvela che ane tethI te samagra vAdane "sAdvAda' athavA te darzanane "anekAMta darzana evuM vyApaka ane sarvalakSI nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che. A syAdvAdano siddhAMta vizeSa samajatA-samajAvatAM aneka pRSTho bharAya tema che tethI sthUla vyAkhyA rUpe tene atra darzAvela che. jaina darzananA chellA dharmapravartakanuM "mahAvIra' e nAma uccAravA sAthe temanA upalA siddhAMto jANyA pachI temanI mahAna zaktinuM bhAna thAya tema che. teo dAnavIra, dharmavIra ane karmavIra hatA - temanAmAM AtmabaLa (Soul-force) mahAna hatuM ane te AtmabaLathI ja potAnI temaja bIjA asaMkhya AtmAonI siddhi thaI zakI hatI. potAnA tapobaLathI zubhAzubha karmone vikherI nAMkhI AtmAnI anaMta zakti prApta karI potAnA siddhAMtono upadeza temaNe karyo hato. temanA samayamAM thatI hiMsA, amuka vargano julama ane tethI bIjA vargonI thatI avagaNanA, e sarva dUra karavA arthe temaNe potAnA siddhAMtono pracAra karavAmAM potAnA vANI-baLano - upadezabaLano upayoga saphaLa rIte karyo hato. Ama mahAvIranA upadezamAMthI vadhune bAjue mUkIe to ATaluM to tAtparya spaSTakAramAM pAradarzaka rIte (punaruktino doSa vahorI rA. suzIlanA zabdomAM kahIe to) jaNAze ke mukhya be vAta upara vadhAre bhAra mUkI tenI asara samAja upara temaNe daDha rIte vistArI hatI :

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82 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto 1. prANImAtrane jIvavAno ekasarakho hakka che, mATe "jIvo ane jIvavA dyo' (Live and let live)no siddhAMta. hiMcAtu - ahiMsA paramo dharmano siddhAMta : eTale ke nitti seltha mUlsa veruM mukyuM ne kreDuiM - sarva jIvo pratye - manuSya ke pazupaMkhI, julamI ke niSpApI - sarva pratye mAre maitrI che. mAre koI sAthe vera nathI - A bhAvanAthI ahiMsAtmaka rahI ahiMsAnA zAsana - pharamAnane vaLagI rahI sarva pravRtti karo - vyavahAra karo. 'savi jIva karuM zAsana rasI, isI dayA (bhAvadayA) mana ulasI" e prakAranI mahAvIranI bhAvanA hatI. A bhAvanAne saMgata rahIne sarve jAtanA varNa, varga, jAti vagerenA bhedabhAvane tyAgI sarvanI samAnatA che e satya prakAzita karyuM 2. potAnA kalyANa mATe koI itara bAhya zakti upara ke tenA prasAda (Favour) upara AdhAra ke apekSA na rAkhatAM svazaktinuM avalaMbana levAno svAvalaMbanano siddhAMta. A be satyonA prakAzananI te yugamAM atyaMta jarUrI hatI. joke te satyo taddana sAdAM ane eka bALakathI paNa ajJAta rahI na zake tevAM sarvavidita che topaNa jyAre tevI saMbhAvanAono lopa thavA beTho hoya che tyAre AkhA dezane balka AkhA jagatane ghaNIvAra tenuM ekasAthe vismaraNa thaI jAya che athavA bIjI prabaLa virodhI bhAvanAonI sattAmAM te dabAI jAya che. te kALe paNa temaja thavA pAmyuM hatuM. loko AtmakalyANanA mukhya nizcayonI avagaNanA karI potAnA hitasAdhana tarIke nAnAMmoTAM asaMkhya devadevIone saMtuSTa rAkhavA mATe prANIhiMsAyukta yajJayAgAdikanI bhramajALamAM paDyA hatA. A hiMsApradhAna dharmane nAme cAlatI kriyAo sAme mahAvIre sakhta laData calAvI jIvadayAno siddhAMta phelAvyo, ke je mATe anaMta mUMgAM prANIo potAnI mUka vANImAM Aje paNa te prabhuno upakAra gAya che. have bIjI dRSTithI joIe ? "When the religion formerly received in rent by discords, and when the holiness of the professors of religions decayed and full of scandal, and withal the times be stupid, ignorant, and barbarous, you may doubt the springing up of a new sect; if then also there should arise any extravagant and strange spirit to make himself author thereof. If a new sect have not two properties, fear it not, for it will not spread; the one is the supplanting, of the opposing of authority established - for nothing is more popular than that; the other is the giving license to pleasures and a voluptuous life, for as for speculative heresies (such as were in ancient times the Arians, and now the Arminians), though they work mightily upon men's wits, they

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dharmapravartaka tarIke mahAvIra 83 do not produce any great alteration in states except it be by the help of civil occasions. There be three manners of plantations of new sects: by the power of signs and miracles; by the eloquence and wisdom of speech and persuasion; and by the sword. For martyrdoms, I reckon them among miracles, because they seem to exceed the strength of human nature; and I may do the like of superlative and admirable holiness of life. - Bacon's Essay on 'Vicissitudes of Things.' aMgrejI philasUpha bekana 'vastunAM paryAyAMtaro - pheraphAro (vicissitudes of Things) e nAmanA gUDha nibaMdhamAM jaNAve che ke "jyAre prAcIna dharma bhedo vaDe vaheMcAI jAya che ane dharmanA mukhya zikSA-guruonI pavitratA saDo pAmI niMdAthI paripUrNa thAya che, ane te sAthe te samayamAM mUrkhatA, ajJAnatA ane asaMskRti prasarelI hoya che, tyAre eka navIna saMpradAya utpanna thaze evo zaka kadAcita rahe che, jo tevo saMpradAya jAge to tenA praNetA tarIke koI ati pravRttivALo vilakSaNa AtmA uddabhave che. jo te navIna matamAM be lakSaNo na hoya to te prasAra pAme evI bIka rAkhatA nahIM. teno prasAra thavAno hoya to temAM be lakSaNo joIe : (1) mULa dharmanI sthApita thayela bhAvanAne - tenAM pharamAnone dAbI devAnuM yA tethI viruddha paDavAnuM, kAraNake te prAcInatAne laIne lokapriya avazya thayela hoya, () jIvananAM bhautika sukho ane IndriyanA vilAsone chUTa ApavAnuM, kAraNake kalpanA upara sthApita thayela mata (jevA ke pUrvanA Aryo ane hAlanA Aminiyana) manuSyanI buddhi para prabala asara kare che, chatAM rAjyomAM moTo pheraphAra karI zakatA nathI. navA matane sthApita karavAmAM traNa paddhati kAme lAge che : (1) camatkArathI (ra) upadeza ane samajAvavAnI zaktimAM rahela vastRtva ane prajJAthI (3) taravArathI - yuddhathI. dharmArthe prANanI Ahuti ApavI tene huM camatkAramAM gaNuM chuM kAraNake manuSyasvabhAvanA bala karatAM te ati vadhI jAya che; ane jIvananI atizayavALI ane udAtta pavitratAne paNa huM camatkAramAM gaNuM chuM." bekananI A TIkA potAnA jJAnanA pradeza pramANe satya che, paraMtu jyAre ApaNe tene jainadharma ke bauddhadharmanA itihAsane lAgu pADIe chIe, tyAre ApaNane jaNAya che ke te TIkAmAM ghaNo sudhArovadhAro karavo joIe che. jenadharma ane bauddhadharmanA uddhArako zrImad mahAvIra ane buddha bhAratanA brAhmaNavarga (Hierarchy)nI asara - te dharmanA zikSAguruonI pavitratAmAM saDo thaI lokomAM te atizaya niMdAne pAtra banI, tyAre thayA che. paraMtu te vakhatanAM mUrkhatA, ajJatA ane asaMskRti hovAne badale sarva dizAmAM ati utsukatAbharI buddhi ane nItithI bharapUra caMcalatA dazyamAna thatI hatI; sarva dizAmAM prAcIna siddhAMtone tenA zikSAguruo pharIpharI daDhIbhUta karatA hatA, jyAre tenA pratipakSI TIkAkAro tenA para AkSepa karatA hatA, ane navIna darzano dareka sthaLe udbhavatAM hatAM. mahAvIra ane buddha pote "ati pravRttivALA ane vilakSaNa AtmAo nahi hatA, paraMtu dharmanA Adarzamaya jIvano gALavAmAM ekasaMmata eka saMgata

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84 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto hatA ane Arya AdarzanA namUnArUpa hatA. temanA dharme brAhmaNonI sattAne nAbUda karavA avazya prayatna karyo che, paNa tema karavAmAM temaNe kadI paNa jIvananA bhautika sukha ane IndriyavilAsone mATe svacchedabharI chUTa ApI nathI tema taravArano paNa upayoga karyo nathI. temanI AzcaryakAraka phatteha thaI te temanA upadeza ane samajAvavAnI zaktimAM rahela vajratva ane prajJA ane temanA jIvananI atizaya uttama ane udAtta pavitratAne laIne thaI hatI. mahAvIre kaiivalya prApta karyA pachI je zailIe upadezapravRtti karI hatI temAMthI paNa aneka zikSaNIya aMzo grahaNa karavA yogya che. temaNe kadI hAlanA upadezakonI mAphaka bIjAonAM chidra zodhavA athavA bIjAonA dhArmika vartAva ke AcAravicAra upara bedhAre khaga pheravavA udyoga karyo nathI. vizvanuM sarvotkRSTa kalyANa karavA mATe ja temanA tIrthaMkarapadanuM nirmANa hatuM, chatAM temaNe te nirmANa siddha karavA mATe koIne potAno upadeza parANe athavA sAmAnI anicchA chatAM ApavAno prayatna karyo nathI, temaja temanA AcAravicArane tarachoDI nAMkhI potAnA vADAmAM AvavAne lokone lalacAvyA nathI. temanI upadezapaddhati zAMta, rucikara, duzamanane paNa tarata gaLe Utare tevI, hRdayasparzI, marmagrAhI ane temanA Azayane zreSTha hRdayamAM sIdhI rIte pariNAve tevI saraLa hatI. duniyA mArA abhiprAyane ja maLatI thaI jAya ane mArA Azayane ja anusaravAvALI thAya evI icchA prabhue kadI rAkhI nahotI. teo jANatA hatA ke evI IcchA e paNa eka prakAranI nabaLAI che ane te manuSyahRdayanA baMdhAraNanuM ajJAna sUcavanArI che. AkhI duniyA game tevA vivAda vinAnA viSaya upara paNa kadIpaNa matabheda vinAnI banI ja nathI ane bhaviSyamAM banavAno saMbhava paNa nathI. kahevAya che ke kaivalyajJAna pachI temanI pahelI dezanA khAlI gaI hatI. arthAt temanA upadezanI asarathI eka paNa aMtaHkaraNa calita thayuM nahotuM. (ke je jainonA mAnavA pramANe koIpaNa tIrthaMkaranA saMbaMdhamAM banyuM nathI ane banatuM nathI, chatAM paNa prabhue te uparathI duniyAnA hita mATe kazI ja ciMtA darzAvI nahotI. Aje jevI aneka matabheda ane saMpradAyonI dhamAla cAle che tevI te dezakALanA svarUpane anusaratI dhamAla te vakhate paNa jarUra cAlatI ja haze, kemake manuSyahRdayanuM baMdhAraNa badhA dezakALamAM eka ja prakAranuM rahe che - mAtra tenA upara pracalita bhAvanAonI chApa ja paDe che. mahAvIra prabhue potAno samudAya, bIjA saMpradAyonA samudAyanA mukAbale. saMkhyAmAM pAchaLa rahI jAya tenI darakAra karI nathI. mAtra potAnA saMbaMdhamAM AvanAra manuSyone temaNe atyaMta sarakapaNe, premabhAva ane miSTavANIthI temanA adhikArane ghaTato upadeza Apyo hato. mahAvIra prabhunA anuyAyIonI saMkhyA, gozALa jevA eka sAmAnya mata pravartakanA (bIjA itihAsa pramANe) anuyAyIonI saMkhyA karatAM paNa thoDI hatI e ja ema darzAvI Ape che ke prabhue kadI paNa potAno vADo vistAravA bhaNI bIjAnI mAphaka lakSya rAkhyo nahoto. jo temaNe tevo Azaya rAkhyo

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dharmapravartaka tarIke mahAvIra 85 hota to potAnA alaukika sAmarthya vaDe teo potAne anusaranArAonI moTI saMkhyA UbhI karI zakyA hota; paraMtu potAnA cAritra uparathI sApha jaNAI Ave che ke teoe potAnA upadeza rUpI jaLano ghaDo uThAvI gheraghera duniyAne pAvA mATe nIkaLavAno udyoga karyo nathI. prabhuno e eka anubhavagata siddhAMta hato ke duniyAnA gaLe potAno upadeza parANe vaLagADavAthI temanuM vAstavika hita sadhAtuM nathI. kadI kSaNabhara upadezanA divya prabhAva ke pratibhAthI aMjAI jaI manuSyo temane anusare, paNa tethI temanuM sthAyI kalyANa thatuM nathI. tethI mAtra lokasamUhamAM satya pratye ruci utpanna thAya ane temanA hRdayamAM ISTa upadeza parokSapaNe temane khabara paNa na paDe tevI rIte (unconsciously) pariNamI jAya tevI zailIe prabhue kAma lIdhuM hatuM, saMkhyA athavA samUha upara prabhue kadI bhAra mUkyo nathI, athavA temAM janahitano kAMIpaNa saMketa hoya evuM teoe mAnyuM nathI. teo jANatA hatA ke saMkhyA e kRtrima rIte eka sthAnamAM jamAvelA dhumADAnA goTA jevuM eka kSaNika dazyamAtra che. saMkhyAnA baLane dharmanA mUlanI UMDAI athavA vistAranuM mApaka temaNe kadI gayuM ja nahotuM. lokonA hRdayapradeza upara satyano paTa besADavA bhaNI ja prabhunuM lakSya hatuM - gozALanI jema saMkhyA vadhAravA bhaNI na hatuM. prabhu pariNAmadarzI hatA. saMkhyAne ekatrita rAkhanAra manuSya jyAre cAlyo jAya che tyAre te samUha dhumADAnI peThe codizamAM vIkharAI jaI pAchaLa potAnuM kaMI paNa cihna paNa mUkavA jeTaluM karI zakato nathI. saMkhyAnuM baLa ekaThuM karavuM ane lokahRdaya upara kalyANanI bhAvanA aMkita karavI e taddana judAM ja kAryo che. pUrvanuM kArya phattehamaMdIthI karavA mATe vyavasthApaka zakti (Organizing power) Adi laukika sAmathyanI apekSA che, tyAre pAchaLanuM kArya karavA mATe janakalyANa upara vizuddha prema ane kAMIpaNa laukika AzayanA abhAvanI jarUra che. mahAvIre pUrvano hetu cheka gauNapaNe rAkhI mAtra manuSyonA vAstavika ane kharA hita bhaNI ja vizeSa lakSya rAkhyuM hatuM, ane jema bane tema potAne anubhUta thayelA sukhada siddhAMtone jana-mana upara UMDA kotaravAno udyoga karyo hato. saMkhyAbaLamAM zraddhA rAkhanAra gozALano eka paNa anuyAyI bhAratanA cAre khUNAmAM Aje zodhyo paNa jaDato nathI, ane tenA siddhAMta saMbaMdhI kAMI ja avazeSa-cihna sarakhuM paNa bhAgye ja rahevA pAmyuM che. tyAre mAtra janahitanI ja ciMtA rAkhanAra mahAvIranA anuyAyInI saMkhyA chevaTa paMdara lAkha jeTalI paNa rahI zakI che. jyAre buddha jevA eka kALe (azokanA kALamAM) samasta hiMda upara dharmacaka vistAranAra darzanane hiMdamAM Aje nahivat sthAna rahyuM che. tyAre jaina potAnI dharmabhAvanAnI UMDAInA baLathI aneka virodho ane vikaTa mAmalAo vacce haju sudhI potAno paga daDhapaNe jamAvI rahela che. A pratApa mAtra mahAvIranI upadeza zailIno ja hato." jaino 24 tIrthakarone mAne che temAMnA 24mAM chellA tIrthaMkara zrI mahAvIra prabhu hatA; ane te chellA hovAne lIdhe ApaNA nikaTamAM nikaTa - Asatra upakArI che; tIrthakara eTale tIrtha - darzana pravartAvanAra. pArzvanAtha prabhue darzana pravartAvyuM, ane temanA nirvANa pachI te darzananI asara vizeSa pradIpta, jvalaMta ane cirasthAyI

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto banAvavAmAM zrImana mahAvIrasvAmIe apUrva phALo Apyo. darzana pravartAvavA mATe je-je yogyatAo joIe che te sarva yogyatAo tIrthaMkaromAM avazya rahelA aSTaprAtihArya, cAra atizayamAM samAI jAya che. darzanapravartakamAM je-je ayogyatAo na joIe te tIrthaMkara je 18 doSothI rahita hoya che te doSomAM samAI jAya che. 86 bekana je yogyatA 'upadeza ane samajAvavAnI zaktimAM rahela vaktRtva ane prajJA' (the eloquence and wisdom of speech and persuasion) e nAmathI jaNAve che te tIrthaMkaranI vANInA 35 guNamAM samAI jAya che. te 35 guNomAMnA mukhya guNo laIzuM to te vAta spaSTa rIte jaNAze : 1. sarva ThekANe samajAya tevI, saMskArI, prauDha, gaMbhIra, spaSTa, pUrvApara virodha vagaranI, saMdeha vagaranI, madhura, vyAkaraNanA doSa vagaranI, punarukti vagaranI, vaktA sarvaguNasaMpanna che evuM bhAna karAvanArI, paraniMdA ane Atmastuti vaga2nI...vagere guNo che. 2. bIjI yogyatA bekananA zabdomAM Superlative and admirable holiness of life jIvananI atizayavALI ane udAtta pavitratA che, te zrIman mahAvIranA caritrane avalokatAM paLepaLe pratIta thAya che, te caritranA aneka aMzo che. temanuM jIvana TUMkamAM atra ApavAmAM Ave che. 7. mahAvIranuM jIvana namo durvArarAgAdi vairivAra nivAraNe / arhate yoginAthAya mahAvIrAya tAmine || bhAvArtha - jeo duHkhathI nivArI zakAya evA rAga, dveSa, moha, Adi zatruonA samUhano nAza karanAra che, yogIonA je svAmI che, ane sarva jIvonuM rakSaNa karanAra che, te arhat - zrIman mahAvIra paramAtmAne namaskAra che. garbhAvasthAthI gRhasthAzrama ane pravrajyA sudhI H I.sa. pUrve pa99thI i.sa. pUrve 568 sudhInAM lagabhaga 31 varSa sudhI H tIrthaMkara jaina mAnyatAnusAra garbhathI ja matijJAna, zrutajJAna ane avadhijJAna e traNa jJAnanA dhAraka hoya che'; te pramANe mahAvIra traNe jJAnasahita hovAthI temAM avadhijJAnathI garbhamAM rahelA evA temaNe jANyuM ke potAnA pharakavAthI potAnI mAtAne vedanA thAya che tyAre te dUra karavAne te yogInI jema nizcala rahyA. Ama thayA pachI temanI mAtAne ciMtA thaI ke garbha pharakato nathI to zuM thayuM ? zuM te gaLI gayo ke nAza pAmyo ? ane bahu duHkha lAgyuM. eTale AkhuM kuTuMba kheda - 1. jJAna 5 prakAranAM che (1) matijJAna - buddhi, iMdriyo ane mananA sAdhanathI sva-svaviSayanI apekSAe je jJAna thAya te - abhinibodhika jJAna (2) zrutajJAna - iMdriyo dvArA AtmA zabdArtha paryAya AlocanA sahita je vizeSa artha grahaNa kare che te - zAstrajJAna (3) adhi jJAna - avidha eTale mAMdAe mAtra mana vaDe iMdriyonI apekSA vagara AtmA viSe sAkSAt je arthagrahaNa thAya che te (4) mana:paryava jJAna AtmA je vastu ciMtana kare tenuM samastaprakAre jJAna ane (5) kevalajJAna sarvajJatA anaMtajJAna che. saMpUrNajJAna e vizvalocana - - =

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mahAvIranuM jIvana 87 pAmyuM. prabhue A jANyuM tethI garbhajJApana karAvavAne mATe eka aMguli calAyamAna karI. AthI mAtAne nirAMta thaI ke "mAro garbha haju akSata che.' A parathI mahAvIra svAmIe potAnA avadhi jJAnathI jANI laIne te ja kSaNe nizcaya karyo ke huM garbhamAM chuM te chatAM mArAM mAtuzrIne ATalo badho moha che to pachI huM dIkSA laIza to temanI zI dazA thaze ? Ama vicArI jyAM sudhI mAtApitA jIvatAM hoya tyAM sudhI dIkSA nahi levAno nizcaya karyo. - mAtApitAno ApaNA upara eTalo badho upakAra che ke eno badalo koI paNa rIte ApaNe vALI zakIe tema nathI. ApaNe temanA pratye hamezAM pUjya bhAva batAvavo joIe. mahAvIra prabhue UMcuM manobala vAparI je bhoga Apyo che tevuM ApaNe kadAcita na karI zakIe to paNa ApaNe ApaNAM mAtapitAne saMtoSa ApI zakIe eTaluM to karI zakIe tema chIe. temanI yuvAvasthA thaI tyAre mAtapitAnI IcchA temane paraNAvavAno lahAvo levAnI thatAM temane paraNavAnuM kahevAmAM AvyuM. mahAvIra te icchAne mAna ApavA mATe potAne bhogAvaLI karma chedavAnuM bAkI hatuM te jANI paraNyA. - dareka tIrthakarane dIkSA levAnI hoya ja che. dIkSA eTale saMsAranI sarva saMpatti upAdhino tyAga - vairAgya. 'mArAM mAtApitA jIvatAM temane mArA viyoganuM duHkha na thAo evA hetuthI huM dIkSA levAne utsuka chatAM paNa hamaNAM dIkSA leto nathI' evuM dhArI mAtapitAnI hayAtImAM dIkSA na lIdhI; mAtApitAno devalokavAsa thayA pachI potAnA vaDIla baMdhu naMdivarlDana pAse dIkSA levAnI AjJA mAMgatAM tene mAtapitAno viyoga tAjo ja hato tyAM baMdhuviyoga thAya e vicArathI duHkha lAgatAM prabhue be varSa sudhI dIkSA levAnuM mAMDI vALyuM. joke te daramyAna bhAvatinA alaMkArothI alaMkRta thaI nitya kAyotsarga dharatA, brahmacaryamAM tatpara rahetA, snAna tathA aMgarAgathI rahita vizuddha dhyAnamAM tatparapaNe eSaNIya (zuddha) ane prAsuka (aceta) atrathI prANavRtti karatA gRhavAsamAM rahyA. A uparathI zrI mahAvIra prabhunI mAtapitA tathA vaDIla baMdhu pratyenI prIti, temanI AjJAdhArakatA, keTalI badhI hatI e spaSTapaNe jaNAya che. hAlanI prajA A parathI anukaraNa karI tevA guNono Adara karaze. dAna, zIla, tapa ane bhAvanA - e cAra pAyA para jenI imArata racAyelI che evA jaina dharmanA aMtima pravartaka mahAvIra svAmIe dAna saMbaMdhamAM potAnA caritrathI zuM zIkhavyuM che te joIe. dAna - dIkSA lIdhI eTale tyAga pote to karyo paraMtu te tyAgathI anya para upakAra karavA arthe tyAgano artha dAna paNa thAya che te arthamAM prabhue yAcakone icchA pramANe vArSika dAna ApyuM ane akhUTa dravya te rIte kharcI prajAne dAridraya vagaranI karI. A rIte potAnI pAse je hatuM temAMthI ApyuM, paNa dIkSA lIdhA pachI Idra prabhunA skaMdha upara eka devadUSya vastra nAMkhyuM hatuM, temAMthI paNa adhuM vastra ApI dIdhuM hatuM. prabhunA dAnano upayoga lIdhA vagarano eka vRddha daridra brAhmaNa hato teNe jyAre dAna

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88 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto ApavAnI vinati karI tyAre prabhue kahyuM "he priya ! have to huM niHsaMga thayo chuM tathApi mArA khabhA upara je A vastra che teno ardho bhAga tuM laI le.' te vipra ardha vastra laI gayo. A sAthe jaNAvavAnuM ke alpa samayanI tRpti je dAnathI thAya te dAna karatAM anaMtagaNuM uttama evuM dharmadAna ucca tattvajJAnanI dezanAthI mahAvIra prabhue Apela che. prabhue dIkSA I.sa. pUrve pa68mAM lIdhI. vairAgyathI cAritra grahaNa karyuM ane te sAthe ja manaHparyAya jJAna utpanna thayuM. I.sa. pUrve pa68thI papa6 sudhImAM sADAbAra varSa sudhI eka gAmathI bIje gAma ane eka zaherathI bIje zahera ema ugra vihAra karyo. mahAvIra prabhu eka gAmamAM eka rAta ane zaheramAM pAMca rAta karatAM vadhu vakhata rahyA nathI. temaNe potAnA mana vacana kAyAnA zuddha vyApAra sahita akhaMDa zIlamayatapomaya-bhAvanA cAritra aMta sudhI AtmazaktithI nirvahyuM. idra jyAre sahAya ApavA taiyArI karI ane te levA vinati karI tyAre prabhue kahyuM "ahaMto kadIpaNa parasahAyanI apekSA rAkhatA nathI. vaLI ahaMta prabhu bIjAnI sahAyathI kevaLa jJAna upArjana kare tema thayuM nathI, thatuM nathI ane thaze paNa nahIM. jiteMdro kevaLa potAnA vIryathI ja - sAmarthyathI ja kevaLajJAna pAme che ane potAnA vIryathI ja mokSe jAya che." AvI apUrva Atmazakti rAkhanArA prabhu ApaNane paNa e ja bodha Ape che ke "jo tamAre A saMsAranA bhavothI mukta thavuM hoya, tamAre tamAro uddhAra karavo hoya to te tamo karI zakazo ane te tamArI AtmazaktithI ja karI zakazo. bIjA para AdhAra rAkhavo phogaTa che.' tapomayajIvana - tapano artha pAzcAtya vidvAnoe self-mortification eTale dehadamana evo karyo che te jaina zailIe yukta nathI. jainoe tapanA be prakAra pADyA che; 1. bAhya 2. aMtaraMga. bAhya tapamAM upavAsAdino samAveza thAya che, aMtaraMga tepamAM svAdhyAya, dhyAna, ane kAyotsarga (zarIranI bhAvanAno tyAga) e vagereno samAveza thAya che. vaLI upavAsAdi bAhya tapa e aMtaraMga tapa lAvavA mATe che evuM svIkAreluM che; to zrI mahAvIra prabhue ukta sADAbAra varSa sudhInA tapamAM phakta 350 divasa AhAra lIdho hato. chatAM e samaya temaNe e mAtra upavAsAdimAM ja gALyo ema nahi paraMtu tenI sAthe dhyAna, kAyotsarga, manana vageremAM gALyo hato. ane tethI ja karmanI nirjarA karI sarvajJatA prApta karI zakAya - sarvajJatA mAtra upavAsathI siddha thatI ja nathI, jyAre tapa e Avazyaka che. aneka saMkaTo-upasargo-ko Ave chatAM manane vibhAvamAM na lAvavuM - AtmAnI sthiratA akhaMDa rAkhavI - mana vacana kAyAnA zuddha vyApAra rAkhavA e uttama tapa che, ane e tapamAM bhAvanA e khAsa ane Avazyaka bhAga bhajave che. mahAvIre bAra varSa karatAM vadhu samaya ghora tapazcaryA karI hatI. tenI aMdara phakta 349 pAraNAM ja karI anna lIdhuM hatuM temaja A bAra varSadhika samayamAM mAtra eka rAtrI pramANa ja nidrA karI hatI. A akhaMDa ane avyAbAdhita jAgrata dazA - apramattatA darzAve che. tapazcayonuM pramANa e Apela che ke : 1 mAsI upavAsa, 1 pAMca divasa nyUna chamAsI, 9 comAsI, ra trimAsI, 2 aDhI mAsI, 6 dvimAsI, 2 doDhamAsI, 12 mAsakSamaNa, 12 pAkSika (pakhavADiyA sudhInA) upavAsa, 2 dina bhadrapratimA, 4 mahAbhadrapratimA, 10 sarvato bhadrapratimA, 229 chaTha, 12 aThama.

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mahAvIranuM jIvana 89 bhAvanAmaya jIvana -- bhAvanA e dareka kriyAmAM bhAga bhajave che, tenA para ja te kiyAnA phalano AdhAra che. tethI ja "pariNAmena baMdhaH' e sUtra thayeluM che eTale ke jevA mananA pariNAma - adhyavasAya, jevI manobhAvanA tevo karmano baMdha thAya che. bhAvanAmAM mananI je je ucca ucca lAgaNIo - AtmAnuM gaurava batAvanAra mAnasika guNo jevA ke kSamA, sahanazIlatA, dhRti, samabhAva vagere che te te sarvano samAveza thAya che. vIra prabhunA caritra parathI jaNAya che ke dareka aniSTa, bhayaMkara dehakaSTa ke anya prasaMge je je bhAvanAo mahAvIre rAkhI hatI te evI mahattvanI ane ucca kakSAnI che ke tenuM anukaraNa karatAM ApaNAM jIvano lakSAvadhi ucca, pavitra, zAMta ane mokSagAmI banI zake tema che. AvI AvI bhAvanAonuM digdarzana karIe : (1) tApasanA AzramamAM jatAM teonI eka jhUMpaDImAM rahI dhyAnAvasthAmAM rahyA. e akhaMDa dhyAnadazAmAM te jhUMpaDIno nAza gAyoe AvI karI nAMkhyo tyAre tApasa kopyA. AthI te vIraprabhue pa abhigraha (eka jAtanAM vrata) dhAraNa karyo. 1. kadI paNa jyAM aprIti thAya tene ghera vasavuM nahIM; 2. jyAM rahevuM tyAM sadA kAyotsarga karIne ja rahevuM 3. prAyaH mauna ja dhAraNa karavuM, 4. karapAtra vaDe bhojana karavuM ane 5. gRhasthano vinaya karavo nahIM. (2) daSTiviSa sarpa hato tenI khabara paDatAM teno pUrvajanma - caMDakauzika tApasa - vicAryo tyAre jaNAyuM ke kukarmanA vipAkathI tIvrAnubaMdhI krodhane laIne te A janma pAmyo che. tethI te daSTiviSa sarpa avazaya pratibodha karavAne yogya che mATe bhale mane te upasarga kare - pIDA kare, paNa huM jAuM ane tene pratibodhuM." ema vicArI mahAtmanuM mahAvIra gayA. sarpe daSTi pheMkI ne chevaTe karaDyo. prabhune te chatAM potAnuM dhAryuM kaMI paNa na karI zakyo. jhera na prasaratAM zarIramAMthI dUdha jevI rudhiranI dhArA nIkaLI. sarpa stabdha thayo. prabhu anukaMpA ANI bolyA "are caMDakauzika ! bUjha ! bUjha ! moha pAma nahIM." AthI sarpane jAtismaraNa jJAna thayuM. sarva choDI daI te daramAM ja potAnA aMta sudhI rahyo - pratibodha pAmyo. (3) "savI jIva karuM zAsana rasI, esI bhAvadayA mana ulasI' e bhAvanAvALA zrI vIra prabhue anArya bhUmimAM vihAra karI anAryone pratibodhavA ane potAnAM karmonI nirjarA karavA nizcaya karyo, te pahelAM prabhue avadhijJAnathI jANyuM hatuM ke haju mAre ghaNAM karmanI nirjarA karavAnI che. te karma sahAya vinA mArAthI khapAvAya tema nathI, kAraNake sainiko sivAya zatruono moTo samUha jItI zakAto nathI. A Arya dezamAM vihAra karavAthI mane tevI sahAya maLavI durlabha che. mATe have huM zuddha bhUmi anArya dezamAM vihAra karIza." tyAMthI lATa deza, vaja bhUmi, daDha bhUmi vagere sveccha dezomAM vihAra karI anAryo taraphathI aneka duHkho sahana karyA che. (4) daDha bhUmi nAmanA mleccha dezamAM peDhALA gAmamAM dhyAna dazAmAM prabhu rahyA te vakhate Idra avadhi jJAnathI dhyAnastha prabhune joI kahyuM ke "dhanya che ! prabhune temanA dhyAnane calAvavA koNa samartha che ?' AvAM vacano saMgama nAmanA devathI sahana na thayAM ane mahAvIranI kasoTI karavA nizcaya karyo. teNe uparAuparI eka karatAM bIjo bhayaMkara

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0 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta ItihAsa ane siddhAMto evA vIsa upasargo karyA, paraMtu prabhu nizcala ane aDaga rahyA, chevaTe te adhama deva namaskAra karI bolyo, 'kSamAnidhi ! mAro aparAdha kSamA karo. Apa sukhe vihAra karo." tyAre prabhue kahyuM "he saMgama deva ! tuM amArI ciMtA karavI choDI de, ame koIne adhIna nathI, ame to svecchAe vihAra karIe chIe." kevuM adbhuta svAvalaMbana ! vIraprabhune je je du:kho paDyAM che tevAM duHkho koIpaNa tIrthakarane nathI paDyAM; AthI koI zaMkA karaze ke vIraprabhu ke jemaNe potAnA janmotsava vakhate meruparvata namAvyo hato, ane ATha varSanI umare vikarALa rUpa dharI Avela devatAne eka mUThInA prahArathI azakta karyo hato ne evI apUrva zakti hovA chatAM, A du:kho mUgA mUMgA bhogavavAne badale kApI na nAMkhe ? - uttaramAM jaNAvavAnuM ke duHkho e pUrva karmane laIne che. jyAM sudhI te pUrvakarma nibiDa ne nikAcita nathI hotuM ane te udayamAM nathI AvatuM, tyAM sudhImAM bhAvathI vedI nAkhI zakAya che yA tenI nirjarA karI zakAya che, paNa je karma udayamAM Ave che ane je nikAcita karma ke je avazya udayamAM AvyA vagara rahetuM nathI te udayamAM Ave che tene vedyA vagara chUTako thato nathI. paraMtu vedavA vedavAmAM phera hoya che. ajJAnI eka karma vede che chatAM karmane bAMdhe che, jyAre jJAnI te ja karma vedatAM navIna karma bAMdhato nathI. AnuM kAraNa e che ke jevo rasapariNAma karmanA vedavAmAM levAya che te pramANe karma vedatAM navIna karma baMdhAya che. jJAnI karma vedatAM krodha Adi kaSAya - rAga ke dveSa - karatA nathI. vaLI AthI darekane bodha maLe che ke manuSyane potAnAM karelAM karmonAM phaLo avazya maLavAnAM. A parathI samajAze ke mahAvIra prabhumAM aneka - anaMta guNo hatA. temAMnAM daSTAMta tarIke thoDA laIe : samabhAva kevalajJAna utpanna thayA pahelAM devakRta, manuSyakRta ane tiryacokRta aneka ghora upasarga tathA pariSaho thayA chatAM zrI mahAvIre te sarvane samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karela che. pannage ca surendre ca kauzike pAda saMspRzi / nirvizeSa manaskAye zrI vIrasvAmine namaH / / bhAvArtha : zrI vIraprabhunA caraNakamalano sparza Idra mahArAje bhaktibhAvanA AvezathI karyo hato, jyAre te ja caraNakamalano sparza dveSabuddhithI caMDakauzika nAmanA tApasanA pUrvajanmavALA sarve karyo hato - A baMne pAdasparza karanAramAM ekabIjAthI atyaMta virodhI hRdayabhAva hato. IdramAM apUrva bhaktibhAva, sevakabhAva hato ane sarpamAM pAdasparza karatI vakhate evo bhAva rahelo hato ke "A vaLI mArA sthAna para koNa. Ubho che ? huM palakamAM tene daMza mArI jamIna upara paTakI daI mRtyune pamADuM chuM.' - Ama hovA chatAM bhagavAnanI buddhi baMne para samAna - ekAkAra ja che, koInA para rAgadveSa nathI. AvA mahAvIra paramAtmAne mAro namaskAra thAo ! zrI mahAvIre lagna karyuM temAM hetu mAtAe vivAha karavA Agraha karyo, tyAre prabhu vicAramAM paDyA ke, "Aje A

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mahAvIranuM jIvana 91 mAre zuM AvI paDyuM ? (dharmasaMkaTa jevuM !) eka tarapha A mAtAno Agraha che ane bIjI tarapha A saMsAraparibhramaNano bhaya che. mAtAne duHkha thAya che evI zaMkAthI huM garbhamAM paNa aMga saMkocIne rahyo hato. to have temanI manovRtti dubhAya nahIM tevI rIte gRhavAsamAM paNa mAre rahevuM joIe. vaLI mAre bhogaphalakarma paNa bAkI che ane mAtapitA paNa mAnya che." A pramANe ciMtavIne prabhue mAtAnA te zAsanane mAnya je prakAranuM pUrva prArabdha bhogavya nivRtta thavA yogya che, te prakAranuM prArabdha udAsInapaNe vedavuM ghaTe; jethI te prakAra pratye pravartatAM je kaMI prasaMga prApta thAya che, tene prasaMgamAM jAgrata upayoga na hoya, to jIvane samAdhi virAdhanA thatAM vAra na lAge. te mATe sarve saMgabhAvane mULapaNe pariNAmI karI, bhogavyA vinA na chUTI zake tevA prasaMga pratye pravRtti thavA devI ghaTe; topaNa te prakAra karatAM savaza asaMgatA janme te prakAra bhajavo ghaTe che. mahAvIrano vairAgya - paramArthajIvana je satyaruSo bIjA jIvone upadeza daI kalyANa batAve che te puruSone anaMto lAbha prApta thayo che. puruSo parajIvanI niSkAma karuNAnA sAgara che. vANInA udaya pramANe, temanI vANI nIkaLe che. teo koI jIvane dIkSA le tevuM kahe nahIM. tIrthakare pUrve karma bAMdhyuM che te vedavA mATe bIjA jIvanuM kalyANa kare che, bAkI to udaya pramANe dayA varte che. te dayA niSkAraNa che, tema teone pArakI nirjarAe karI potAnuM kalyANa karavAnuM nathI. temanuM kalyANa to thayeluM ja che. te traNa lokanA nAtha to tarIne ja beThA che, puruSa ke samakitIne paNa evI upadeza devAnI IcchA hoya nahIM. te paNa niSkAraNa dayAnI khAtara upadeza de che. mahAvIrasvAmI gRhavAsamAM rahetA chatAM paNa tyAgI jevA hatA. hajAro varSanA saMyamI paNa jevo vairAgya rAkhI zake nahIM tevo vairAgya bhagavAnano hato. jyAM jyAM bhagavAna varte che, tyAM tyAM badhA prakAranA artha paNa varte che. teonI vANI udaya pramANe zAMtipUrvaka paramArthahetuthI nIkaLe che. arthAt temanI vANI kalyANa arthe ja che. teone janmathI mati, zruta, avadhi e traNa jJAna hatAM. te puruSanA guNa grAma karatAM anaMtI nirjarA che. jJAnInI vAta agamya che. teono abhiprAya jaNAya nahIM. jJAnI puruSanI kharI khUbI e che ke, temaNe anAdithI nahIM TaLelA evA rAga, dveSa ne ajJAna tene chedIbhedI nAMkhyA che. e bhagavAnanI anaMta kRpA che. tene pacIsaso varSa thayAM; chatAM temanI dayA Adi hAla varte che. e temano anaMto upakAra che. jJAnI ADaMbara dekhADavA arthe vyavahAra karatA nathI. teo sahaja svabhAve udAsInapaNe varte svAvalaMbana vIra dIkSA laI jyAre prathama vihAra karavA lAgyA tyAre zadra vIrane vinati karI ke "he bhagavan ! tamArA pUrvajanmonAM bahu azAtA vedanIyAdi kaThina karmonAM

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92 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto baMdhana che, tethI Apane chavsthAvasthAmAM ghaNA bhArI upasarga thaze jethI ApanI anumati hoya to huM tamArI sAthe ne sAthe rahuM ane tamArA sarva upasarga TALuM - dUra vIra - "Idra ! A vAta kadApi atIta kAlamAM thaI nathI, hamaNAM paNa thAya nahIM ane anAgatakAlamAM paNa thavAnI nathI ke koIpaNa deveMdra asuredrAdikanI sAhAyathI tIrthakara karmakSaya karIne kevalajJAna utpanna karI zake, kiMtu sarva tIrthakara potAnA parAkramathI kevalajJAna prApta kare che. AthI huM paNa bIjAnI sAhAya vinA svaparAkramathI kevalajJAna prApta karIza.' zrI mahAvIranuM maunavrata jene mati, zruta ane avadhi e traNa jJAna hatAM, ane AtmopayogI evI vairAgyadazA hatI, alpakALamAM bhogakarma kSINa karI saMyamane grahaNa karatAM mana:paryava nAmanuM jJAna pAmyA hatA, evA zrImad mahAvIrasvAmI, te chatAM paNa bAra varSa ane sADA cha mAsa sudhI maunapaNe vicaryA. A prakAranuM temanuM pravartana te upadezamArga pravartAvatAM koIpaNa jIve atyaMtapaNe vicArI pravartavA yogya che evI akhaMDa zikSA pratibodhe che. temaja jina jevAe e pratibaMdhanI nivRtti mATe prayatna karyuM, te pratibaMdhamAM ajAgrata rahevA yogya koI jIva na hoya ema jaNAvyuM che, tathA anaMta AtmArthano te pravartanathI prakAza karyo che. jevA prakAra pratye vicAranuM vizeSa sthirapaNuM varte che; - vartAvuM ghaTe che. nirmohI mahAvIra - samatAvaMta prabhu - karuNAnidhi bhagavAnuM zrI mahAvIra svAmIne saMgama nAme devatAe bahu ja - prANatyAga thatAM vAra na lAge tevA pariSaha dIdhA tyAM kevI adbhuta samatA ! tyAM teoe vicAryuM ke jenAM darzana karavAthI kalyANa thAya, nAma smaravAthI kalyANa thAya tenA saMgamAM AvIne anaMta saMsAra vadhavAnuM A jIvane kAraNe thAya che. AvI anukaMpA AvavAthI AMkhamAM AMsu AvI gayAM. kevI adbhuta samatA ! pArakI dayA kevI rIte UgI nIkaLI hatI ? te vakhate moharAjAe jo jarA dhakko mAryo hota to to tarata ja tIrthaMkarapaNuM saMbhavata nahIM. paNa joke devatA te bhAgI jAta. mohanIyanA maLane mULathI nAza karyo che arthAt mohane jItyo che te moha kema kare ? sakalArvatumAM zrI vIraprabhunI stutinA saMbaMdhamAM lakheluM che : kRtAparAdhe'pi jane kRpAmaMtharatArayoH / ISad vASpArdrayorbhadraM zrI vIrajinanetrayoH / / - aparAdha karavAvALA jIvo upara paNa dayAthI namra ane azruthI ArTa evA zrI vIra bhagavAnanAM netro sarvanAM kalyANa mATe thAo ! yo'niSTaduSTeSvapi ziSTabhAvAt sudRSTirAsItsvaguNairviziSTaH / sa vardhamAno mama vardhamAnaM prayacchatu svacchamatucchabodham / / - je aniSTa karanAra duSTo para paNa potAnA ziSTa bhAvathI sudaSTivALA che,

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mahAvIranuM jIvana * 93 ane je potAnA guNe karI viziSTa che evA zrI vardhamAna svAmI mane vRddhi pAmato evo svaccha ane atula bodha Apo. - yazodhara caritra saMpatsu mahatAM cittaM bhavatyutpalakomalam / __ Apatsu ca mahAzaila zilAsaMghAtakarkazam / / - mahat puruSonuM citta saMpattimAM kumudapuSpa samAna komala hoya che, jyAre ApattimAM mahAn zikharanI zilAnA saMgraha samAna karkaza - kaThaNa hoya che. ahaM-tyAga zrI mahAvIrasvAmI samIpe gozAle AvI be sAdhune bALI nAkhyA tyAre jo jarA aizvaryapaNuM karIne sAdhunI rakSA karI hota to tIrthaMkarapaNuM pharI karavuM paData; paNa jene huM guru chuM, mArA ziSya che,' evI bhAvanA nathI tene tevo koI prakAra karavo paDato nathI. "zarIrarakSaNano dAtAra nathI, phakta bhAva upadezano dAtAra chuM; jo huM rakSA karuM to mAre gozAlanI rakSA karavI joIe, athavA AkhA jagatanI rakSA karavI ghaTe, ema vicAryuM. arthAt tIrthaMkara ema (mArApaNuM) kare ja nahIM. bIjAnI niMdA karyA vagara UMcA caDAvavA. gautama svAmIe mahAvIra svAmIne vedanA prazno pUchyA tenuM, sarva doSano kSaya karyo che evA te mahAvIra svAmIe vedanA (ja) dAkhalA daI samAdhAna (siddhatA) karI ApyuM. bIjAne UMcA guNe caDhAvavA, paNa koInI niMdA karavI nahIM. koIne svaccheda kAMI kahevuM nahIM. kahevA yogya to ahaMkArarahitapaNe kahevuM. paramArthadRSTi rAgadveSa ghaTyo hoya to phalIbhUta thAya; vyavahArathI to bhoLA jIvone paNa rAgadveSa ghaTyA hoya, paNa paramArthathI rAgadveSa moLA paDe to kalyANano hetu che. moTA puruSonI daSTie jotAM saghaLAM darzana sarakhAM che. jenamAM vIza lAkha jIvo matamatAMtaramAM paDyA che ! jJAnInI daSTie bhedabheda hoya nahIM. Ama aneka guNonI paraMparA maLatI jAya che ane te mahAvIrajIvananA prasaMgo vAMcatAM vicAratAM turata ja samajI zakAya tema che. tethI vizeSa vivecana ahIM na karatAM atra ja viramIe chIe. hRdaya saroha jIvana samajI poSajo ! janasevAno dharajo zAzvata dharma jo ! prakaTa pitAnA puNya purAtana paMthamAM, snigdha paraspara karajo kevala karma jo !" - saMdezo e vhAlA vIracaritrano -

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vibhAga-3 : jaina matanA siddhAMto traNa tatva 1. Izvaratattva - sadevatattva : jainamAM je traNa tattva kahyAM che temAM pahelAM sAmAnya rIte zraddhA rAkhavAnuM kahyuM che. te tattvo savatattva, sadgurutattva ane sadharmatattva che. jyAM sudhI deva, guru, ane dharma e bAbatano satu rIte, nizcaya thayo nathI tyAM sudhI yathArtha jJAna - AdhyAtmika jJAna saMbhavatuM nathI. nizcayathI AtmAnA sahaja guNa IzvaranA guNa che, AtmA AtmAno guru che, ane AtmAno dharma te AtmaraNa che; paraMtu jyAM sudhI AtmAe svaguNa prApta karyA nathI tyAM sudhI tene saddadeva, guru ane dharmanuM avalaMbana Avazyaka che, te avalaMbana karavAthI nisvarUpa samajAya che, ane nijasvarUpane bAdhaka karmanAM AvaraNane dUra karI zakAya che. IzvaranuM lakSaNa rAgadveSano abhAva - vItarAgatA che ane tethI tene "vItarAga' paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. IzvaranA bheda che. je sazarIra rahI lokane bodha ApI tIrthane - dharmane pravartAve che tene "arihaMta' - "tIrthakara' kahevAmAM Ave che ke je zarIra tayA pachI mokSe jAya che eTale "siddha thAya che. keTalAka mahAtmAo kaivalyajJAna eTale AtmAnA svarUpane bAdhaka evAM "ghAtI karmone dUra karI "sarvajJatA' prApta kare che ane pachI tIrthaMkaranI peThe tIrtha nathI pravartAvatA, ane dehotsarga karI siddha thAya che. Amane siddha thayA pahelAM "kevalI' kahevAmAM Ave che. tIrthaMkarane paNa kevalyajJAna thayuM hoya che ane tethI te "kevalI' paNa kharA, paNa dareka kevalI tIrthaMkara nathI hotA tethI kevalIne tIrthakara e padathI bheda pADavA mATe sAmAnya kevalI' kahevAmAM Ave che. tIrthakarathI dharmano bodha thAya che, IzvaranuM zuddha svarUpa samajAya che tethI temane paMca namaskAramAM (navakAramAM) "arihaMta' e nAmathI prathama pada ApavAmAM AvyuM che ane pachI 'siddha'ne bIjuM pada ApavAmAM AvyuM che, ane tyAra pachI sarune traNa bhedathI AcArya, upAdhyAya ane sAdhune namaskAra karavAmAM AvyA che. te navakAramAM paMca namaskAra che te A pramANe che (namo rihaMtA, namo siddhA, no gAriyALa namo uvekhvAyA, namo no savvasAhUpa). A navakAra maMtra dareka jaina prAtaHkALe, devadarzana vakhate, sUtAM pahelAM ema aneka vakhata bole che, ane teno ekaso aDhAra maNakAnI mALAno japa kare che. Izvara ahIM Izvara eTale tIrthakara - arihaMta. jaina siddhAMta (dogma) pramANe tenAmAM 12 guNo hoya che, ane te 18 doSathI rahita hoya che. 12 guNomAM ATha prAtihArya (jema rAjAnI pAse pratihArI rahe te pramANe tIrthaMkara pAse hoya che tethI), ane cAra atizaya (Excellence) che. 8 prAtihArya - azokavRkSa, devatAthI thatI puSpavRSTi, divyadhvani, cAmara,

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Izvaratattva - savatattva 95 siMhAsana, bhAmaMDala, duMdubhi ane chatra. tIrthakara jyAM jyAM vicare ane dezanA mATe samavasaraNa' - sabhA maMDaLa Adi kare tyAre devatAo A ATha prAtihArya race che. 4 atizaya - (1) jJAnAtizaya - jJAnanuM utkRSTa svarUpa - kevalajJAna ane kevala darzana tenAmAM hovAthI bhUta, bhaviSya, vartamAna e traNe kAlamAM je sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka vastu che tenuM eTale utpAda, vyaya dhrauvyayukta sarva vastuonuM jJAna hoya che. (2) vacanAtizaya - vANI aneka guNavALI hoya che. te vacanaguNa 3pa gaNAvyA che - saMskAratva, audAnya, agrAmyatva, meghagaMbhIraghoSatva, pratinAdavidhAyitA, dakSiNatva (vacananI saralatA), upanItarAgat (rAgasaMyuktapaNuM), mahArNatA (arthagaMbhIratA), avyAhitatva (pUrvApara virodhano abhAva), ziSTatA, saMzayarahitatA (zrotAne jethI saMzaya na thAya te), nirAkRtAnyottaratA (bIjo uttara Apavo paDe nahIM evI), hRdayaMgamatA, mithaH sAkAMkSatA (arasaparasa pada-vAkyonuM sApekSapaNuM), prastAvaucitya dazakAla anusAratA), tattvaniSThatA, aprakIrNa prastutatva (asaMbaddhano avistAra ane saMbaddhano vistAra), asvazlAghAniMdatA (AmotkarSa tathA paraniMdArahitapaNuM), AbhijAtya (pratipAdya vastunI bhUmikAne anusaravApaNuM), atisnigdhamadhuratva, prazasyatA, amarmavedhitA, dharmArthapratibaddhatA, kArakA viparyaya (kAraka, kAla, vacana temaja liMgAdino jyAM viparyaya nahi), vibhramAdi viyuktatA (vaktAnA manamAM bhrAMti vikSepAdi doSarahita), citrakRttva (kutUhalatAno abhAva), adbhutatva, anativilaMbitA (ativilaMba vagaranI), aneka jAti vaicitrya (jAti Adi varNana karavA yogya vastu svarUpanA Azrayayukta), AropitAvizeSatA (vacanAMtaranI apekSAthI vizeSapaNuM jemAM sthApana thayela che), sattvapradhAnatA (zakti jemAM pradhAna che), varNapadavAkyaviviktatA (varNAdinuM vicchinnapaNuM), azrucchitti (vivakSita arthanI samyak prakAre siddhi jyAM sudhI na thAya tyAM sudhI avyavacchinna vacananuM prameyapaNuM), ane ameditva (zramarahitapaNuM). (3) apAyApagamAtizaya - apAya - upadravano nivAraka - marakI-roga thatA nathI. (4) pUjAtizaya - jethI lokamAM ane deva vagerethI pUjanIya che. 18 doSa - vItarAgamAM nathI te nIce pramANe : aMtarAya dAnalAbha vIrya bhogopabhogagAH / hAso ratyaratI bhItirjugupsA zoka eva ca / / kAmo mithyAtvamajJAnaM nidrA cAviratistathA / rAgo dveSazca no doSAsteSAmaSTAdazApyamI / / (1-5) pAMca jAtanA aMtarAya nAme dAnAMtarAya, lAbhAMtarAya, vIyatarAya, bhogAMtarAya ane upabhogAMtarAya. A pAMca aMtarAya eTale dAnAdimAM aMtarAya na hoya. Ano evo artha nathI ke Izvara dAna de che, lAbha prApta kare che, zakti batAve che, bhogopabhoga kare che - eno e artha che ke e pAMca javAthI dAna, lAbhAdinI zaktio pragaTe che. e zaktino upabhoga kare ke na kare e judI vAta che, paNa tenAmAM zaktio che. (6) hAsya (7) rati (Asakti - vastunI lAlasA) (8) arati (aprIti) (9) bhIti - bhaya (10) jugupsA - chIMTa (11) zoka (12) kAma -

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto viSayasevana (13) mithyAtva - darzanamoha (14) ajJAna (15) nidrA (16) avirati - apratyAkhAna (tRSNA vagaranAne vrata-pratyAkhyAna hoya ja nahi) (17) rAga (18) keSa 1 ahaMtanAM judAM judAM nAma A che : ahaMnuM, jina, pAragata, trikAlavita, kSINASTakama, parameSThI, adhIzvara, zaMbhu, svayaMbhU, bhagavAna, jagaprabhu, tIrthakara, tIrthakara, jinezvara vagere. A uparathI pratIta thAya tema che ke je strIne pAse rAkhe, zastra rAkhe, viSaya seve, krodhAdi seve te devanAM uparokta lakSaNathI, viruddha vartana rAkhe che tethI tene jaino kudeva' kahe che, Ama Izvarane mAnanArA jaina che ane tethI tene te daSTie nAstika gaNI zakAya tema nathI. AtmAno, paramAtmAno, paralokano, punarjanmano ane karmavAdano svIkAra karanArA jaina nAstika nathI ke tema kadIpaNa gaNI zakAya tema nathI - phakta eTalo ja bheda che ke keTalAka bIjA Izvarane jagatkartA mAne che jyAre jaina sAMkhyaAdinI peThe Izvarane jagatkartA svIkAratA nathI. jainamAM evo siddhAMta (dogma) che ke kAlacakranA be bhAga nAme utsarpiNI ane avasarpiNI dareka evAmAM AvA Izvara tIrthaMkara 24 (24thI ochA nahi ke vadhu nahi) thAya che. hAla avasarpiNI cAle che. temAM thaI gayelA 24 tIrthakarane vartamAna covIsa jina kahevAmAM Ave che. tenI pahelAMnA utsarpiNI kAlamAM thayelA 24 tIrthakarane bhUta 24 jina kahevAmAM Ave che ke jemanAM nAma A pramANe che : kevalajJAnI, nirvANI, sAgara, mahAyaza, vimalanAtha, sarvAnubhUti, zrIdhara, datta, dAmodara, suteja, svAmI, munisuvrata, sumati, zivagati, astAga, nemIzvara, anila, yazodhara, kRtArtha, jinezvara, zuddhamati, zivakara, anaMdana ane saMprati. vartamAna jina covIzInAM nAma, 1. RSabhanAtha 2. ajitanAtha 3. saMbhavanAtha 4. abhinaMdana 5. sumatinAtha 6. paprabhu 7. supArzvanAtha 8. caMdraprabhu 9. suvidhinAtha athavA puSpadaMta 10. zItalanAtha 11. zreyAMsanAtha 12. vAsupUjya 13. vimalanAtha 14. anaMtanAtha 15. dharmanAtha 16. zAMtinAtha 17. kuMthunAtha 18. aranAtha 19. mallinAtha 20. munisuvrata 21. naminAtha 22. nemanAtha 23. pArzvanAtha ane 24. mahAvIra. AmAMnA chellA mahAvIra ane pArzvanAtha Asatra upakArI tarIke svIkArI teo pratye jenomAM mAhAsya vadhu dekhAya che. te baMne aitihAsika vyaktio hatI e puSkala pramANothI DokTara harmana jekobI nAmanA jarmana prophesare AcArAMgAdi jaina sUtronAM pote karelAM aMgrejI bhASAMtara ke je vaoNlyuma 24 ane 45mAM (sekreDa buksa oNpha dha 1. pAtaMjalamAM darzanamAM jaNAvyuM che ke vaza vipachAzavairapakR: puruSa vizeSaNavara - je puruSavizeSa kleza, karma, vipAka ane AzayanA saMbaMdha vinAno che te ja Izvara. kleza pAMca jAtanA cheH avidyA ( mithyAjJAna), asmitA (judI vastumAM abheda pratIti), rAga, dveSa ane abhiniveza (maraNabhaya). karma ba=sukRta ane dukRta (puNya ane pApa). vipAkaHkarmaphaLa ke je traNa prakAranuM cheH janma, AyuSya ane bhoga. AzayanavipAkane anurUpa saMskAra. *

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Izvaratattva - sadevatattva IsTa - paurvAtya pavitra pustakanI mAlAmAM) prasiddha thayAM che, tenI prastAvanAmAM puravAra karI ApyuM che. tenI AgaLanA 22 tIrthakaronA samaya ne hAlanA samaya vacce eTaluM badhuM vizAla aMtara che ke tene laIne koI paNa cihna ke vastu mojUda rahI zake nahIM ke jethI te saMbaMdhI kaMIpaNa khyAla AvI zake. thiosophisTa paMthanA pramukha viduSa enI bisaMTe gata varSamAM kahyuM che ke : "Lord Mahavira was the last and not the first of the great twenty four Teachers, that Europe denied the historicity of the other 23 Tirthankaras who preceded him because, being itself young, it could not travel backward far enough and liked to make Indian thought less ancient than it is, that both Jainisn and Hinduism went back further than either history or legen counted them, that Jainism was essentially an independei system of thought, that though it had a superficial resemblan with the Sankhya philosophy, there were profonud difference between the two, that the 'Jiva' of the Jains was not the sam thing as the 'Purusha' of the Sankhyas. bhASAMtara : - "mahAvIraprabhu mahAna 24 dharmopadezakomAM pahelA nahi, chellA dhamapadezaka hatA. temanI pahelAM je 23 dharmopadezako thaI gayA tenI aitihAsi satyatA yuropa svIkAratuM nathI kAraNake pote kAlApekSAe alpavayaska hoI tyAM sudhI - te prAcInatA sudhI jaI zake tema nathI, ane tethI bhAratIya vicAra jeTalo prAcIna che tenA karatAM tene ocho prAcIna karavA pratye pasaMdagI dharAve che, jena ane hiMdu dharma baMne itihAsa ke purANa-daMtakathA kahI zake te karatAM paNa vadhAre prAcIna che. jainadharma tattvathI eka svataMtra darzana che, joke tene sAMkhyadarzana sAthe uparacoTiyuM sarakhApaNuM che paraMtu te banne vacce atyaMta bheda - aMtara che - jainono "jIva' ane sAMkhano puruSa e be eka vastu nathI." A uparAMta ukta 24 tIrthakaromAMnA pahelA tIrthakara RSabhanAthanA ullekho vedomAM, bhAgavata Adi aneka hiMdu-brAhmaNanA prAcIna graMthomAM che. udAharaNa tarIke Rgyeda ke je bhAratano sarvathI prAcIna graMtha manAya che, ane cAre vedamAM paNa je sarvathI prathama utpanna thayelo ema svIkArAya che temAM ullekha che ke : ___ "OM trailokya pratiSThAna caturviMzati tIrthaMkarAn RSabhAdyA varddhamAnAntAn siddhAn zaraNaM prapadye / OM pavitraM nagnamupavi prasAmahe eSA nagnA (nagnaye) jAtiryeSAM vIrA" ItyAdi. AmAM RSabhathI laI mahAvIra sudhInA covIze tIrthakarane trilokamAM pratiSThita svIkArI tenuM zaraNa yAcyuM che. 1. mahAvIranuM caritra A nibaMdhamAM TUMkamAM ApeluM che, tene vizeSamAM tathA te sivAyanA 23 tIrthakaronAM caritra jovAM hoya teNe hemacaMdrAcArya kRta 'triSaSTi zalAkApuruSacaritra' vAMcavA bhalAmaNa che.

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98 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto yajurvedanA 25mA adhyAyanA 19mA maMtramAM lakhyuM che ke : OM namo arhato RSabho OM RSabha pavitraM puruhUtamadhvaraM yajJeSu nagnaM paramaM mAhasaMstutaM varaM za jayaMtaM pazuriMdramAhutiriti svAhA / temAM ja RSabha sAthe ariSTaneminI (neminAthanI) stuti paNa te sAthe jovAmAM Ave che : dIrghAyuvalAyavAbhajAtAya OM rakSa rakSa ariSTanemiH svAhA / vAmadeva zAntyarthamanuvidhIyate so'smAkaM ariSTanemiH svAhA / RgvadamAM paNa ariSTaneminI stuti che - aSTa, 1 a) , varga 16 OM svastina iMdro vRddhazravAH svastinaH pUSA vizvavedAH svastinastAryo ariSTanemiH svastino bRhaspatirdadhAtu / / A 24 tIrthakaranI mUrtio jaino (hamaNAM cAra zatakathI bhinna paDela sthAnakavAsI nAmanA saMpradAya sivAya) pUje che. mUrtipUjA mahAvIranA samayamAM paNa I.sa. pUrve chaThA zatakamAM vidyamAna hatI evuM vedAdimAMthI temaja jaina sUtramAMthI pratIta thAya che. A 24 tIrthakaranI mUrti AkAramAM eka sarakhI ane prAyaH eka ja AsanavALI eTale padmAsanastha hoya che, paNa te darekane ekabIjAthI oLakhavA mATe te darekane je lAMchana hoya che te mUrtimAM nIce korIne mUkavAmAM Ave che. 24 jinanAM 24 lAMchana anukrame A che : 1. vRSabha, 2. hastI, 3. azva, 4. kapi (vAMdaro), pa. krauMca pakSI, 6. pAkamala, 7. svastika, 8. caMdra, 9. magaramaccha, 10. zrIvatsa, 11. geMDo, 12. pADo, 13. varAha, 14. siMcANo (bAjapakSI), 15. vaja, 16. hariNa, 17. bakaro; 18. naMdAvarta (eka jAtano sAthiyo), 19. kalaza, 20. kacchapa (kAcabo), 21. kamala, 22. zaMkha, 23. sarpa, 24. siMha. IzvaravAda saMbaMdhe vaidika darzano nyAyadarzanamAM IzvaranuM sthAna mukhya nathI - atizaya gauNa che. duHkhanAza athavA apavarga lAbhano je upAya- temAM jaNAvela 16 padArthanA utkRSTa jJAnanI prApti - batAvela che, tenI sAthe Izvarano jarApaNa saMbaMdha nathI. mANasanA karmaphaLa-bhoga jene adhIna che te ja Izvara eTaluM kahI te sivAyano koI paNa prasaMga Izvara saMbaMdhe AdarzanamAM nathI. vaizeSika darzana Izvarano asvIkAra karatuM nathI. eka sthaLe Izvara saMbaMdhI ullekha sivAya bIje koIpaNa sthaLe Izvarano prasaMga Avato nathI, eTale A darzanamAM IzvaranuM sthAna mukhya nathI. temAM niHzreyasanI prAptino mArga nAme tattvajJAna (sAta padArtha ke jemAM Izvara nathI tenuM sAdharma ane vaidhamyajJAna)nA baLe duHkhathI chUTavuM tenI sAthe Izvarano saMbaMdha ghaNo ja thoDo che. Izvara jAya ke rahe, jIvanI sAthe teno saMbaMdha ghATo ho ke na ho, temAM vaizeSikane kAMI lAbha-nukasAna nathI. (A saMbaMdhamAM jarA atre 1. A saMbaMdhe vistArapUrvaka jANavAnA icchukane 'bhAratavarSa meM devatAoMkI pratimAokA pUjana kabase calA ?' e nAmano paMDita hIrAnanda zAstrI M. A. M. 0. L. no lekha, hiMdI prasiddha mAsika "sarasvatI'nA oNgasTa 1914nA aMkamAM (pRSTha 422) jovAnI bhalAmaNa karavAmAM Ave che.

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Izvaratattva - sadUdevatattva jaNAvavAnuM ke navIna taiyAyikoe racelA vaizeSika darzananA graMthomAM mUla sUtramAM kahelAM nava dravyamAMnA eka AtmAno vicAra karatI vakhate Izvarano prasaMga najare paDe che. teo AtmA ane paramAtmA evA bhedathI AtmA be prakArano kahe che. ahIM paNa Izvarano kazoye prasaMga jovAmAM Avato nathI.) mImAMsako nirIzvaravAdI che. teo vedane nitya ane abrAMta kahe che kharA, paNa veda e IzvaravAkya che e svIkAratA nathI. kharuM jotAM AmAM koI paNa ThekANe Izvarano prasaMga nathI. teo Izvara mAnatA nathI. jagatano koI banAvanAra, pAlana karanAra ane nAza karanAra che e vAta paNa svIkAratA nathI. temanA mata pramANe jIva potAnA karma pramANe phaLa bhogave temAM Izvarane kazoye saMbaMdha nathI. - sAMkhyo paNa Izvarano svIkAra karatA nathI. tenA graMtho nAme tattvasamAsa ane kArikAmAM Izvarano kazo prasaMga nathI. sAMkhya pravacanasUtramAM cokhkhI rIte Izvarano niSedha karavAmAM Avyo che. siAMkhyasUtramAM Izvarano spaSTa niSedha nathI karyo paNa eTaluM kahyuM che ke IzvaranI siddhi thatI nathI. kuMvarasiddha: prasiddhi praHMddhi. koI paNa pramANathI - pratyakSa anumAna ke AgamathI paNa - Izvara siddha thato nathI. arthAt ja Izvara nathI. hota to koIka pramANathI chevaTe AgamathI - siddha thAta ja. Izvara nathI kAraNake te koI paNa pramANathI siddha thato nathI. A sUtra hetu che. pratijJA che. - 'Izvara nathI ema kahI zakAya. prakRtinAM pariNAmamAM Izvarano koIpaNa prakArano saMbaMdha teo svIkAratA nathI. prakRti potAnI meLe ja pariNAma pAme che ema teo kahe che. pariNAma pAmavA mATe prakRtine bIjAM koIpaNa kAraNanI jarUra nathI. prakRti jaDa ane acetana hovA chatAM paNa puruSanA bhoga ane mokSa mATe jagata saraje che. pAtaMjala darzana ke jemAM sAMkhya dArzanika siddhAMto kabUlavAmAM AvyA che te sAMkhyanA 25 tattva uparAMta eka vadhAre tattva nAme Izvarane svIkAryo che, tethI A darzana sezvara sAMkhya kahevAya che. kharuM jotAM AmAMthI Izvara tattva ane cittanirodhanA upAyono prasaMga uThAvI laIe to temAM sAMkhya karatAM vizeSatA batAvavA kAMI paNa bAkI rahetuM nathI. AmAM IzvaranuM svarUpa agAunI pAdaTIpa (pR. 96)mAM jaNAvyuM tema kleza, karma, vipAka, ane AzayanA saMbaMdha vinAno eka puruSavizeSa che. Izvarano koI paNa vakhate kleza vagerenI sAthe saMbaMdha na hato, kAraNake te nitya mukta che. puruSa (jIva) jema ghaNA che, tema puruSavizeSa - Izvara ghaNA nathI. te eka advitIya che. Izvara kALathI avacchinna nathI - traNe kALathI atIta che. vaLI IzvarapraNidhAna e cittavRttinirodhanA judAjudA upAyomAM eka upAya tarIke jaNAvyo che. vedAntamAM brahma ja mukhya che. advaitamata pramANe jIva e brahma che, brahma sivAya badhuM asatu che. jIva ane jaDa brahmathI bhinna lAge che. te mAyika che - avastu che, ane bhinna lAgavAnuM kAraNa bhrAMti che. doraDImAM jema sApano bhrama thAya che, tema.brahmamAM jagatano bhrama thayo che. jIva pote mukta che. muktinI zodha karavI e ja tenA saMbaMdhamAM viDaMbanA che. avidyAnI - bhramanI nivRtti thAya che to potAnA zuddha-buddha-mukta svabhAvane pAmI brahmanI sAthe ekatA pAme che, brahma sat cit AnaMda che. nirupAdhi che ane AkhA vizvamAM vyApaka che.

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100 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto - A kevalAdvaita-vedAMtano mata che, jemAM Izvarano samAveza paNa avidyAnA kSetramAM thaI jAya. paNa vedAMtamAM viziSTAdvaita, zuddhAdvaita vagere saMpradAyo che. je sarvazaktimAna, sarvaguNazALI IzvaramAM mAne che.] 2. sadgurutattva : pAMca mahAvratanA, caraNasittarI ane karaNasittarInA pALanArAne jaina matamAM guru kahela che. pAMca mahAvrata (1) ahiMsA, (2) sUnRta (satyavacana bolavuM), (3) asteya (ucita vastu koI Ape to ja svIkAravI), (4) brahmacarya, (5) sarva parigrahano tyAga. A pAMce vratane sAdhue sarvathA pALavAnAM che. ane zrAvake - gRhastha dezathI - aMze pALavAnAM che. tethI sAdhunAM A vrata mahAvrata kahevAya che ane zrAvakanAM 5 vrata 'aNuvrata' kahevAya che. aNuvrata "zrAvakanA dharma' e viSayamAM thoDA vistArathI ApelAM che, ane te uparathI A pAMca mahAvrata vize samajI levAnuM che. pAMca mahAvrata para bhAvanA paNa suMdara bhAvavAnI che, paNa te vistArabhayathI atre ApelI nathI. caraNasittarI eTale 70 jAtanAM caraNa ane karaNasittarI eTale 70 jAtanAM karaNa. caraNa ane karaNamAM e bheda che ke caraNa eTale je nitya karavuM te - nityacaryA, ane karaNa eTale prayojana hoya tyAre karavuM (ane prayojana na hoya to na karavuM) te. caraNasittarImAM uparyukta 5 vrata, 10 prakAranA zramaNadharma, 17 prakAranA saMyama, 10 prakAranAM vaiyAvRnya, 9 prakAranI brahmacaryagupti. 3 prakAre jJAna, darzana ane cAritra, 12 prakAranAM tapa ane 4 prakAre krodhAdi nigraha. daza zramaNadharma (1) kSatti - kSamA - kadApi sAmarthya hoya vA na hoya paNa bIjAnAM durvacana sahana karavAnAM pariNAma - manovRtti arthAt krodhano sarvathA tyAga, (2) mArdava - komalapaNuM, ahaMkArarahitapaNuM. namra thaI abhimAnano tyAga. (3) Arjava - manavacanakAyAthI saralatA-kuTilatAno abhAva, (4) mukti - bAhya temaja aMtarathI tRSNAno-lobhano tyAga, (5) tapa - ATha prakAranAM karma jenAthI bhasma thAya te anazanAdi 12 tapa, (6) saMyama - AmravanI tyAgavRtti. (7) satya - mRSAvAdathI virati, jUThano tyAga, (8) zauca - saMyamavRttimAM kalaMkano abhAva, (9) akiMcana - kiMcit mAtra dravyanuM potAnI pAse nahi hovApaNuM. (10) brahmacarya - sarvathA maithunano abhAva. saMyamanA 17 prakAra (1-5) ahiMsA, mRSA, corI, maithuna ane parigraha e avratarUpI pAMca Asava - karyadvArano tyAga tathA (6-10) 5 IdriyanAme sparza, rasa, ghANa, cakSu ane zrotra enA sparzAdi pAMca viSayomAM laMpaTapaNAno tyAga. (11-14) krodha, mAna, mAyA ane

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sadgurutattva 101 lobha e cAra kaSAyane jIte, udaya Ave tyAre tene niSphala kare temaja udaya AvI gayA hoya tene navAM utpanna na kare. (15-17) jIvanI cAritradharmarUpa lakSmI jenAthI daMDAya evA khoTA mana, vacana, ane kAyA e rUpa traNa daMDathI virati kare. AnA bIjI rIte bheda e che ke (1) pRthvI, (2) jala, (3) agni, (4) pavana, (5) vanaspati, (6) lIMdriya jIva, (7) tradraya jIva, (8) caturiMdriya jIva ane (9) paMcendriya jIva - A navavidha jIvonI mana, vacana ane kAyAthI karavA, karAvavA ane karanArane anumodavArUpa hiMsAvRttino tyAga te nava prakArana. . temAM saraMbha, samAraMbha ane AraMbha na thavA joIe. (10) ajIva saMyama - je ajIva vastune rAkhavAthI, jema ke mAMsa, madirA, suvarNa, motI, zastrAdi, saMyamamAM kalaMka lAge te na rAkhavAM. (11) prekSA saMyama. sarva joIne bIja - jIvarahita sthAnamAM sUvuM-besavuM Adi zArIrika kriyA karavI te. (12) upekSA saMyama - upadezathI koIpaNa hiMsAdimAM pravRtti kare tevuM na bane te mATe udAsIna rahevuM te, (13) pramArjana saMyama - koI sthAnamAM javuM, vastrapAtrAdi grahaNa karavAM to puMjIne - pramArjanathI karavuM. (14) pariSThApanA saMyama - anAdi jIvarahita sthale paraThavavA te. (15) manaH saMyama - mananAM droha, IrSyA, abhimAna na karavA ane dharma-dhyAnAdimAM pravRtta rahevuM te, (16) vacanasaMyama - hiMsAkArI kaThora vacana na bolavAM, (17) kAyAsaMyama - gamanAgamana karavAmAM upayogapUrvaka kAyAne pravartAvavI te. daza vaiyAvRjya vaiyAvRjya eTale sevA. (1) AcArya-jJAnAcAra,darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra, vIryAcAra e pAMca AcAranA pAlanAra te, (2) upAdhyAya - jenI pAse adhyayana karAya te, (3) tapasvI (4) navadIkSita ziSya (5) glAna sAdhu - svarAdi rogavALA, (6) sthavira - dharmamAM sthira rahenAra sAdhu, (7) manojJa- je sAdhu potAnA jevI samAcArI pALatA hoya te, (8) saMgha - sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka, zrAvikA e cAreno samudAya, (9) kula - bahu eka sarakhA gacchonA - sajAtionA samUha. jemake caMdrAdi, (10) gaNa-gaccha - eka AcAryanI vAcanAvAlA sAdhuonA samUha. jemake kauTikAdi. -A dazenI vastra, sUtra, pANI, pAtra, sthAna Adi ApIne sevA-suzruSA karavI te. nava brahmacaryagupti Ane brahmacaryanI nava vADa kahevAmAM Ave che : (1) vastI - strIpazupaMDaka saMyukta vastImAM na rahevuM te. (2) kathA - kevala strIone ja - ekalI strIone dharma dezanArUpa kathA na kahe tathA strInI kathA na kare. (3) Asana - strInI sAthe eka Asana para tathA je AsanathI strI UThI hoya tyAM be ghaDI sudhI na besavuM. (4) iMdriya - IdriyonA vyApArano strI saMbaMdhe upayoga na kare eTale netrathI strInAM aMgopAMga na dekhe vagere. (5) kuDyAMtara - bhIMta Adine AMtare strIpuruSa maithuna sevatAM hoya yA 1. saraMbha - prANInA prANanA vinAza karavAno saMkalpa karavo te. samAraMbha - jIvanA prANane paritApa upajAvavo te. AraMbha - jIvonA prANano vinAza karavo te.

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto teonA zabda saMbhaLAtA hoya tyAM na rahevuM. (6) pUrvakrIDA potAnA pUrva gRhasthAzramamAM strI saMbaMdhe sevelA prasaMgo na saMbhAravA. (7) praNIta ati cIkAzavALA dUdha, ghI, Adi dhAtupuSTa padArtho na khAvA, (8) ati mAtrAhAra - adhika AhAra na karavo. (9) vibhUSaNAdi - zarIranI vibhUSA snAna-vilepana-dhUpAdithI na karavI. 102 jJAna, darzana ane cAritra (1) jJAna - yathArtha vastuno yathArtha bodha je kare te jJAna; jJAnAvaraNAya karmano kSaya tathA kSayopazama thavAthI utpanna thayelo bodha. zAstra - aMgopAMgAdinuM jJAna (2) darzana - jIvAdi nava tattvomAM zraddhA-tattvaci. (3) cAritra - sarva pApanA vyApArothI jJAna-zraddhAnapUrvaka nivRtta thavuM te. A sarva virati che kAraNake sAdhu sarvavirati ahiMsAdi sarvathA pALe che. gRhasthanuM tethI oche aMze cAritra che ke jene dezivarati kahevAmAM Ave che, ane te gRhasthadharmamAM kahevAmAM Avaze. bAra prakAranAM tapa temAM cha bAhya ane cha aMtaraMga che. cha bAhya tapa te (1) anazana na khAvuM. (2) UNodarI - thoDuM khAvuM (3) vRttisaMkSepa - vRttine jarA saMyamamAM rAkhavA-saMkocavA mATe aneka prakAranA niyama levA te, (4) rasatyAga - dUdha dahIM, ghI, telAdi rasano tyAga karavo, (5) kAyakleza - vIrAsana daMDAsana Adi aneka AsanothI zarIrane kaSTa ApavuM. (6) saMlInatA - pAMca iMdriyone potapotAnA viSayomAM rokavI - bIjAmAM na javA devI. have bIjAM cha aMtaraMga tapa kahevAmAM Ave che. (7) prAyazcitta - je kAMI ayogya kAma karyuM hoya te guru pAse kahI daMDa levo ane bhaviSyamAM pharI te pApa na thAya tema karavuM. (8) vinaya -- guNAdikavALAnuM bahumAna karavuM. (9) vaiyAvRttva potAnAthI guNAdhikanI bhakti karavI. (10) svAdhyAya abhyAsa ke je pAMca rUpe che 1. vAcanA - pote bhaNavuM, bIjAne bhaNAvavuM. 2. pRcchanA - saMzaya thatAM gurune pUchavuM. 3. parAvarttanA bhaNeluM pharIvAra-vAraMvAra smaraNamAM lAvavuM. 4. anuprekSA - bhaNeluM tenuM - tenA tAtparyanuM ekAgra cittathI ciMtavana karavuM. 5. dharmakathA dharmanI kathA - karavI te.` (11) dhyAna tajavAM ane temAM be kudhyAna - Artta ane raudra dhyAna be sadhyAna dharmadhyAna ane zukladhyAna aMgIkAra karavAM (AnuM svarUpa jaina yogamAM ApeluM che). (12) vyutsarga - sarva upAdhiono tyAga karavo. A rIte cha bAhya ane cha atyaMtara maLI 12 jAtanAM tapa che. cAra nigraha - - -- krodha, mAna, mAyA ane lobha e cAreno nigraha karavo. A pramANe 5 mahAvrata, 10 zramaNadharma, 17 saMyama, 10 vaiyAvRtya, 9 brahmacaryagupti, 3 jJAnAdi, 12 tapa, 4 krodhAdino nigraha maLI 70 bheda cAritranA thayA te caraNasittarI. 1. A pAMcemAM zravaNa, manana ane nididhyAsana e abhyAsanA traNa aMgano samAveza thAya che. -

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sadgurutattva 103 have karaNasittarI kahIe chIe : 4 prakAre piDavizuddhi - AhAra, upAzraya, vastra, ane pAtra e cAra vastune sAdhu 42 doSarahita grahaNa kare che. 5 samiti - samyaka pravRtti (1) IryAsamiti - iryA eTale cAlavAmAM jIvanI virAdhanA na thAya evI samyak pravRtti rAkhavI, (2) bhASA samiti - bhASA hitakara, mita, saMdeha vagaranI pAparahita ane nirmIta arthavALI bolavI. (3) eSaNA samiti - eSaNA eTale AhAra Adi doSa rahita levo. (4) AdAna nikSepa samiti - vastune levAmAM temaja tyAgavAmAM saMbhALa rAkhavI. (5) utsarga (pariSThApanika samiti - utsarga eTale malamUtrano utsarga karavAmAM samiti eTale tene jIva vagaranI bhUmimAM paraThavavAM; 3 guti - (gu - rakSA karavI, rokavuM) jenA vaDe saMsArathI rakSA thAya, yogane rokI zakAya te. (1) manosumi - pApasahita - sAvadya saMkalpono nirodha, asat dhyAnano tyAga. (2) vacanaguti - vANIno niyama athavA sarvathA mauna rahevuM te. (3) kAyagati - zArIrika kriyAmAM zarIraceSTAno niyama rAkhavo. 12 pratimA - niyama vizeSA. eka mAsanI, koI be mAsanI ema amuka amuka mudata mATe amuka covihAra Adi niyama grahaNa karavA. te. 25 pratilekhanA - eTale muhapati Adi je je upakaraNo hoya tene saMbhArI javI - pheravI javI. 4 abhigraha - dravyathI, kSetrathI, kAlathI ane bhAvathI koI abhigraha eTale niyamavizeSa grahaNa karavo te. 5 Idriyono nirodha, ane 12 bhAvanA (1) anitya (2) azaraNa (3) saMsAra (4) ekatva (5) anyatva (6) azuci (7) Asrava (8) saMvara, (9) nirjarA (10) lokasvarUpa (11) bodhidurlabha (12) dharma-bhAvanA. Ama 4 piMDavizuddhi, 5 samiti, 3 guti, 12 pratimA, 25 pratilekhanA, 4 abhigraha, 5 iMdriyanirodha ane 12 bhAvanA maLI 70 karaNanA bheda thAya te karaNasittarI. bhAvanA svarUpa upara kahelI 12 bhAvanA khAsa jANavA yogya che. ethI karmano kSaya thAya che tethI te "saMvara' hoI mokSanA kAraNabhUta che. jevo bhAva tevo ja karmano baMdha ke abaMdha. to tenuM svarUpa kahIe (1) anitya bhAvanA - game tevuM suMdara zarIra, strI, parivAra Adi sarva anitya che to temAM mamatva rahita thaI tRSNAno nAza karavo ghaTe che. (2) azaraNabhAvanA - pitA mAtA putrAdi koIpaNa zaraNa thAya tema nathI. ane A saMsAra ke je mRtyu Adi bhayamAM paDelo che temAM AtmAne potA sivAya bIjuM koI zaraNa nathI. (3) saMsAra bhAvanA - sarva jIvo karmavaza thaI corAzI lAkha yonirUpa - cAragatirUpa saMsAramAM bhaTakyA kare che, ane aneka duHkha sahana kare che. (4) ekatA bhAvanA - jIva ekalo Avyo che ane ekalo jaze, ekalo ja karma kare che ane ekalA karma bhogavaze, pote je-je bIjAne mATe game tevI anItithI bheguM kare che tenuM phala pote ja bhogave che, bAkI koI potAnuM nathI tema potAnA mATe phala bhogave tema nathI. (5) anyatva bhAvanA - A saMsAramAM strI, putra, dhana Adi che te tuM nathI tema te tArAM nathI. tuM bIjAthI anya cho. koI koInuM nathI. zarIrathI paNa tuM anya che to zarIranI puSTi, tuSTi Adi nakAmuM che. (6) azuci bhAvanA - A zarIra malina

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104 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto che, azucithI - maLamUtramAM saraktamajAthI bhareluM che tethI temAM mamatva na rAkhavuM. (7) Asrava bhAvanA - Asrava eTale jenAthI karmo Ave che te evA mithyAtva avirati, kaSAya, pramAda, ane yogano maitrI, pramoda, karuNA ane mAdhyastha bhAvanAthI tyAga karavo kAraNake mithyAtvAdithI vizeSa saMsAramAM paribhramaNa thAya che. (8) saMvara bhAvanA - Amravano nirodha te saMvara; krodhane kSamAthI, mAnane mRdutAthI, mAyAne saralatAthI ane lobhane saMtoSathI jItavAthI saMvara thAya che, indriyonA ISTa aniSTa viSayothI thatA roga dveSa tyAgavA ke jethI karmo AvatAM aTake. (9) nirjarA bhAvanA - karmano nAza je-je aMze thAya che te-te aMze nirjarA (karmanuM kharavuM, javuM) thAya che. A tapa AdithI thAya che. (10) lokasvarUpa bhAvanA - lokanuM svarUpa ke je manuSpAkAre che ane cha dravyathI paripUrNa che te bhAvavuM. (11) bodhidurlabha bhAvanA - akAma nirjarAthI jIva nigodamAMthI utkrAMta thaI kevI rIte samyakatva - bodhi ke je durlabha che te pAme che tenuM ciMtana karavuM, te ja samyaktvathI dharmanI prApti che. dharmanI prApti e bIjamAMthI mokSa phala thAya che, tethI bodhi vagara sarva nippala che e vicAravuM. (12) dharma bhAvanA - dustara saMsArasamudra taravAne dharma e ja upAya che. vastunuM svarUpa, AtmAnuM svarUpa, te Atmadharma pAmavA mATe daza zramaNa dharma anya sarva kriyA AdinuM jJAna pAmavuM ane pAlana karavuM e ja dharma che enuM ciMtana karavuM. A sivAya sAtamI Asrava bhAvanAmAM jaNAvelI cAra mukhya bhAvanA che 1. maitrI bhAvanA - sarva pratye samAnabhAva. 2. pramodabhAvanA - potAthI adhika guNavALA pratye harSapramoda karavo. 3. karuNA bhAvanA - rogI duHkhI pratye karuNAbhAva rAkhavo ane 4. mAdhyastha bhAvanA - avinIta Adi pratye taTastha bhAva rAkhavo. 3. sat dharmatattva : AmAM samyakatva, gRhasthanAM vrata, sAdhunAM vrata Adino samAveza thAya che. te dareka judIjudI rIte A nibaMdhamAM vistArathI AvI jAya che tethI ahIM tenuM punaHkathana karavAnI jarUra nathI. kAlasvarUpa A jagatamAM koIpaNa nAza pAmatuM nathI e jeTalI vaijJAnika siddha thayelI bInA che teTalI ja siddha thayelI bInA e che ke jaDa vastuno niraMtara pheraphAra thayA ja kare che - paryAya pharyA ja kare che. kahyuM che ke : samae samae NaMtA parivasa'to u vaNamAIyA / davvANaM pajjAyA horattaM tattiyA ceva / / - paMcakalyabhASya. - samaye samaye dravyonA varNa gaMdha vagere anaMta paryAyo badalyA ja kare che, ane ahorAtra - rAtri divasamAM te pramANe teTalA ja badale che.

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kAlasvarUpa 105 badalavAmAM paryAyonI vRddhi paNa thAya ane hAni paNa thAya ane te pramANe kAlanA bhAga paDe che eTale ke je kAlamAM padArthone te-te paryAyo vaDe prathama samayathI AraMbhIne niraMtara vadhAryA kare tenuM nAma utsarpiNI. (utsarpati prathama samayAraNya niraMtare vRddhi nathati tailai: paryAvAnuM ti utsarpio : ane tethI UlaTuM eTale jemAM hAni thAya te avasarpiNI. have kAlanuM pramANa anaMta che, to paNa enI saMkhyA - hada nirmANa karavA mATe amuka bhAga karyA che, temAM moTAmAM moTo ane hadamAM AvI zake tevo bhAga kalpI tenuM nAma "kAlacakra' kalpa rAkhyuM. cakra eTale paiDuM. eTale kAlane paiDAnuM rUpa ApyuM. paiDAnA ArA joIe to kAlacakranA bAra bhAga pAyA, temAMnA darekanuM nAma krama pramANe pahelo, bIjo ema Ara - Aro rAkhyuM. A rIte dvAdazAra kAlacakranA dareka ArA sarakhA nathI, paNa temAM evI goThavaNa che ke pahelA cha ArAnI jeTalI kAlasthiti teTalI ja bIjA cha ArAnI kAlasthiti. A rIte kAlacakramAM be sarakhA bhAga paDyA. temAM ekanuM nAma paryAyomAM vRddhi thavAne lIdhe zarIra, Ayu, tathA zubha pariNAmonI vRddhi thavAthI utsarpiNI, jemAM prathamanA cha ArA AvI gayA, e nAma rAkhyuM, ane bIjA cha ArAnA sarakhA bhAganuM nAma paryAyomAM hAni thavAne lIdhe ane tene lIdhe zarIra, Ayu, tathA zubha pariNAmonI hAni thavAthI avasarpiNI nAma rAkhyuM. te darekano samaya daza koDAkoDI sAgaropama che. eTale utsarpiNI ane avasarpiNI e be maLIne bAra ArAnuM vIza koDAkoDI sAgaropamanuM kAlacakra thAya che. A bAre ArA anuloma-pratiloma bhAvathI Ave che, eTale je kramathI suSama suSamA Adi avasarpiNImAM Ave che, tethI viparIta kramathI ati duHSamA Adi utsarpiNImAM Ave have bharata kSetramAM hAla cAlatA avasarpiNInA cha ArA - kALa samaya joIe. tenAM nAma caDatA paDatA kALAnubhAva pramANe A rIte rAkhavAmAM AvyAM che. 1. suSamasuSamA cAra kroDAkoDa (koTAkoTI) sAgaropama 2. suSamAM traNa kroDAkoDa (koTAkoTI) sAgaropama 3. suSamaduHSamAM be kroDAkoDa ((koTAkoTI) sAgaropamAM 4. duSamasuSamAM eka kroDAkoDa sAgaropama ochA 42000 varSa 5. duHSamAM 21000 varSa 6. ati duHSamAM 21000 varSa daza kroDAkoDa sAgaropama. dasa koDAkoDIo sAgara nAmANa huMti punnAo / ussappiNI pamANI taM cevosappiNIe // 1 // chaccava kAlasamayA havaMti osappiNIi bharahami / tAsiM nAma vihattiM ahakkama kitaissAmi // 2 // susamasusamA ya susamA taiyA puNa susamadussamA hoi / dusamasusamA cautthI dUsai ai dUsamA chaThI / / 3 / /

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106 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto ee ceva vibhAgA havaMti ussapiNIi chacceva / / paDilomA parivADI navari vibhAgesu nAyavvA // 4 / / susama susamAi kAlo cattAri havaMti koddikoddiio| tiNi susamAi kAlo dutti bhave susamadusamAe // 5 // ekkA koDAkoDI bAyAlIsAi jA sahassehiM / vAsANa hoI UNA dusama susamAi so kAlo / / 6 // aha dusamAI kAlo vAsa sahassAI ekavIsaM tu / tAvaio ceva bhave kAlo ai dusamAe vi // 7 // artha - daza koDAkoDI sAgaropama pUrA thAya te utsarpiNI, ane teTalA ja kALanI avasarpiNI paNa che. bharatakSetramAM avasarpiNInA cha kALa samaya thAya che. temanAM anukrame nAmo kahIe chIe. pahelo suSamasuSamA, bIjo suSamAM, trIjo suSamaduHSamA, cotho duHSamasuSamAM, pAMcamo duHSamA, ane chaThTho ati duHSamA. utsarpiNInA paNa e ja cha vibhAgo che, paNa te UlaTA krame levAnA che. suSamasuSamA cAra koDAkoDa sAgaropamano che. suSamA traNano ane suSamaduHSamA beno che. betAlIza hajAra varSe UNA eka koDAkoDa sAgaropama e duHSamasuSamAno kALa che. ekavIza hajAra varSano duHSamAM che. ane ati duSamAno kALa paNa teTalo ja che. - upadezapada, pR. 147-8 A pramANe utsarpiNInA UlaTA kramathI eTale pahelo atiduHSamA, ane chello suSamasuSamA - ema jANavA. ahIM jaNAvavuM joIe ke A paikIno avasarpiNI-duHSama (paMcama Are - paMcama kALa) hAla varte che. paramArthamArgathI manuSya mukti meLave che. te paramArthamArga je kAlamAM sukhethI prApta thAya tenuM nAma "suSama ane je kAlamAM dukhethI prApta thAya tenuM nAma duHSama' che. A be zabdonI ghaTanAthI suSamasuSamA, suSamaduHSamA, duHSamasuSamA, duSamaduHSamAM e sAmAsika zabdo baMnenA bhAvane mizrita karI darzAvavA prayojela che. hamaNAM cAlu vartamAnamAM cAlato kAla paMcamakAla' kahevAya che ane te duHSama che. A saMbaMdhI vistArapUrvaka eka vidvAna vicAraka ema darzAve che ke : jinAgamamAM A kALane dUsama' evI saMjJA kahI che, te pratyakSa dekhAya che; kemake "dusama' zabdano artha "duHkhe karIne prApta thavA yogya' evo thAya che. te duHkhe karIne prApta thavA yogya to evo eka paramArthamArga mukhyapaNe kahI zakAya, ane tevI sthiti pratyakSa jovAmAM Ave che. joke paramArtha mArganuM durlabhapaNuM to sarva kALane viSe che; paNa AvA kALane viSe to vizeSa karIne kALa paNa durlabhapaNAnA kAraNa rUpa che. atra kahevAno hetu evo che ke, ghaNuM karIne A kSetre vartamAnakALamAM pUrve jeNe paramArthamArga ArAdhyo che, te deha dhAraNa na kare - ane te satya che, kemake jo tevA jIvano samUha dehadhArIpaNe A kSetre vartato hoya, to temane tathA temanA samAgamamAM AvanArA evA ghaNA jIvone paramArthamArganI prApti sukhe karIne thaI zakatI hota; ane

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kAlasvarUpa 107 tethI A kALane 'dusama' kahevAnuM kAraNa raheta nahIM. A rIte pUrvArAdhaka jenonuM alpapaNuM e Adi chatAM paNa vartamAna kALane viSe jo koIpaNa jIva paramArthamArganI ArAdhanA Icche, to avazya ArAdhI zake, kemake duHkhe karIne paNa A kALane viSe paramArthamArga prApta thAya ema pUrvajJAnIonuM kathana che. | sarva jIvane, vartamAnakALamAM, mArga duHkhe karIne ja prApta thAya, evo ekAMta abhiprAya vicAravA yogya nathI. ghaNuM karIne tema bane evo abhiprAya samajavo yogya che; tenAM ghaNAM kAraNo pratyakSa dekhAya che. prathama kAraNa upara darzAvyuM che ke, pUrvanuM ghaNuM karIne ArAdhakapaNuM nahIM. bIjuM kAraNa : tevuM ArAdhakapaNuM nahIM tene lIdhe vartamAna dehe te ArAdhaka mArganI rIti paNa prathama samajavAmAM na hoya; tethI anArAdhaka mArgane ArAdhaka mArga mAnI laI jIve pravRtti karI hoya che. trIjuM kAraNa : ghaNuM karIne kyAMka satsamAgama athavA sadguruno yoga bane, ane te paNa kvacit bane. cothuM kAraNa ? asatsaMga Adi kAraNothI jIvane asagaraAdinuM oLakhANa thavuM paNa duSkara varte che, ane ghaNuM karIne asaraAdikane viSe satya pratIti mAnI jIva tyAM ja rokAI rahe che. pAMcamuM kAraNa : kvacit satsamAgamAdino yoga bane to paNa baLa, vIryAdinuM evuM zithilapaNuM, ke jIva tathArUpa mArga grahaNa na karI zake, athavA na samajI zake, athavA asatyasamAgamAdi, ke potAnI kalpanAthI mithyAne viSe satyapaNe pratIti karI hoya." vaLI teo ja lakhe che ke : UtaratA kALanA pAMcamA ArAmAM tenA duSamapaNAne laIne kevuM vartana A bharatakSetre thavuM joIe tene mATe satparaSoe keTalAka vicAro jaNAvyA che te avazya jANavA jevA che : eo paMcamakALanuM svarUpa mukhya A bhAvamAM kahe che : nigraMtha-pravacana parathI manuSyonI zraddhA kSINa thatI jaze. dharmanAM mULatattvomAM matamatAMtara vadhaze, pAkhaMDI ane prapaMcI matonuM maMDana thaze. janasamUhanI ruci adharma bhaNI vaLaze. satya dayA haLave haLave parAbhava pAmaze. mohAdika doSonI vRddhi thatI jaze. daMbhI ane pAriSTha guruo pUjyarUpa thaze. duSTa vRttinAM manuSyo potAnA phaMdamAM phAvI jaze. mIThA paNa dhUrta vaktA pavitra manAze. zuddha brahmacaryAdika zIlayukta puruSo malina kahevAze. Atmika jJAnanA bhedo haNAtA jaze. hetu vagaranI kriyA vadhatI jaze. ajJAna kriyA bahudhA sevAze; vyAkuLa viSayonAM sAdhano vadhatAM jaze. ekAMtika pakSo sattAdhIza thaze. zRMgArathI dharma manAze." 3. kALaparimANanuM koSThaka - jainazAstra pramANe (1) jyotiSa eTale prakAzathI honAra jyotiSka deva eTale sUrya caMdramA Adi nityagativAlAthI kAlanA bheda paDe che.

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108 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto teonI bhramaNasaMcaraNa vizeSagati e kAlanA vibhAgamAM hetu che. AthI muhUrta, divasa, rAtri, pakSa, mAsa, varSa Adi paDe che, temAM jainazAstramAM AthI ghaNA sUkSma bhAgo paNa pADelA che, ane te nIce pramANe : paramasUkSma kriyAvAnuM, sarva karatAM ochAmAM ochI gati pariNata karanAra eka paramANu potAnA avagAhana kSetrane jeTalA kALamAM badale teTalA - ati sUkSmakAlane samaya kahe che. A samayarUpa kAla ghaNo sUkSma hovAthI parama puruSone - sAdhAraNa puruSonI apekSAe atizaya sahita janone - paNa durNoya che. A kAla bhagavAn paramArtha kevalI (sarvajJa) ja jANI zake che. bhASA ke zabdathI grahaNa ke IdriyanA prayogano ahIM asaMbhava che. saMkheya samaya=1 AvalikA 30 muhUrta 1 rAtridina saMkheya AvalikA=1 ucchavAsa ane [ 15 rAtridina=pakSa niHzvAsa=1 prANa (balavAnuM, samartha, 2 pakSa (zukala ane kRSNa)=1 mAsa Idriyasahita, nIroga, yuvAnuM ane ! 2 mAsaH1 Rtu svastha manavALA puruSano) 3 Rtu-1 ayana 1 prANa Ane samuccaye ucchavAsa 2 ayana=1 varSa agara zvAsa kahevAmAM Ave che. pa varSa=1 yuga 7 prANa=1 sToka 84 lAkha varSa=1 pUrvAga 7 stoka=1 lava 84 lAkha pUvaga=1 pUrva 38. lava=1 nAlikA 84 lAkha pUrva=saMkheya kAla 77 lava=ra nAlikA=1 muhUrta A pachI nirNata karelA kAlavibhAgane upamAthI kahe che : 1 palyopamakAla - eka yojana (cAra gAu) lAMbI tathA eka yojana UMcI eka vRttAkAra palya (romagarta-khAI)ne eka rAtathI te vadhAremAM vadhAre sAta rAta sudhImAM janmelAM gheTAM Adi pazuonA vALathI gADha rUpe ThAMsIThAMsIne pUrNa bharI hoya, tyAra pachI so-so varSa pachI eka-eka vALa te khAImAMthI kADhavAmAM Ave ane tema karatAM jeTalA kAlamAM te khAI sAva khAlI thaI jAya tene ekapalyopama kAla kahevAmAM Ave che. 10koTAkoTIpalyopama=1 sAgaropamakAla ! darekanI aMdara cha ArA hoya che te upara 10 koTAkoTI sAgaropama =1 ardhakAlacakra | samajAvela che. (ke jene temAM paryAyonI hAni thavAne lIdhe | 1 utsarpiNI ne 1 avasarpiNI kAlacakra avasarpiNI ane vRddhi thavAne lIdhe - zrI tattvArtha sUtra utsarpiNI kahevAmAM Ave che) - A | 4. AnI sAthe hiMduzAstranI kAlagaNanA sarakhAvIe. ' kamaLanI 100 pAMkhaDIo eka upara eka goThavI, temAM soya uparathI nIce sudhI evI rIte bhoMkavI ke, badhI pAMkhaDIo bhoMkAI jAya. ema karavAthI dareka .

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kAlasvarUpa 109 pAMkhaDIne vIMdhAtA-bhoMkAtAM je sUkSma vakhata lAge che tene kSaNa kahevAmAM Ave che. evI 8 kSaNa=1 lava 3 gura=1 stuta 8 lava=1 kASThA 2 guru athavA | = 1 kAkapada ke 8 kASThA=1 nimeSa 4 laghu dviguru 8 nimeSa=1 kalA 2 kAkapada=1 haMsapada, 2 kalA=1 truTi 2 haMsapada-1 mahAhaMsa 2 truTi=1 aNu ke anAdvaita 10 plata=1 paLa 2 aNu-1 kuta 60 paLa=1 ghaDI (ghaTikA) 2 kuta=1 laghu (mAtrA) akSara 60 ghaDI-1 divasa 2 laghu-1 guru mAsa, varSa, yuga, mavaMtara, kalpa vagere kALanAM mahAnuM parimANa che. koI hiMdu, prAcIna RSimunioe kALanuM mAhAbhya ghaNuM kahyuM che : kAlaH kalayate lokaM kAlaH kalayate jagata / kAlaH kalayate vizvaM tena kAlo'bhidhIyate / / sargapAlana saMhartA, sa kAlaH sarvataH samaH / kAlena kalpyate vizvaM, tena kAlo'bhidhIyate / / kAla: sRjati bhUtAni kAlaH saMharate prajAH / kAla svapiti jAgarti kAlo hi duratikramaH / / kAlasya vazagAH sarve devarSisiddha kinnarAH / kAlo hi bhagavAn devaH sa sAkSAtparamezvaraH / / bhAvArtha - kALathI sarva lokanI ane jagatunI kalanA karAya che, temaja sarva vizvanI kalanA - gaNanA karavAmAM Ave che tethI karIne 'kALa' kahevAya che. sRSTinI utpatti, sthiti ane saMhAra karanAra je kALa te sarva sthaLe samAna che. e kALathI vizvanI kalpanA ke kalanA karAya che tethI ja 'kALa' kahevAya che. kALa sarva bhUtone utpanna kare che. prajAne saMhAre che, te ja kALa jAgrata, svapna, nidrA e traNe avasthAomAM duratikrama che. devo, RSio, siddho, kinnaro e sarva kALane ja vaza che ! evo bhagavAn kALa te ja sAkSAt paramezvara che. pa. kAlanAM upakAra (accessories) zuM che to zrI umAsvAti sUtrakAra jaNAve che ke : vartanA pariNAmaH kriyA paraMtvAparatve ca kAlasya (a.5 sU.22) vatanA, pariNAma, kriyA, paratva ane aparatva e kAlanAM upakAra che. vatanA - sarva padArthonI vartanA che te kAlane AzrayIne rahelI vRtti che arthAt saMpUrNa padArthonI utpatti, tathA sthiti ke je prathama samayane AzrayIbhUta che te vartanA. pariNAma - A be prakAranAM che. (pariNAma eTale vastuno bhAva-svabhAva) tattvArtha a pa. . 41 1. anAdipariNAma. mA arUpI-dravya (dharma, adharma, AkAza ane jIva)mAM hoya che.

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110 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto 2. AdimAn (sAdi) pariNAma. A rUpIdravyamAM hoya che. te aneka prakAranAM hoya che jemake sparza pariNAma, rasa pariNAma, gaMdha pariNAma vagere. - tattvArtha a. 5 sU. 42-43 kriyA-arthAt gatirUpa kriyA paNa kAlanA ja upakAra rUpe che. te traNa prakAre che. 1. prayogagati - puruSaprayatnajanya 2. vizrasAgati - svayaM paripAkajanya 3. mizrikA-mizrakA - ubhaya (1-2)janya. paratva ane aparatva - traNa prakAranAM che. 1. prazaMsAkRta. jevI rIte dharma para che, jJAna para che, tathA adharma apara che, ajJAna apara che. 2. kSetra (deza)kRta - eka dezakAlamAM pahelA be padArtho je dUra rahela hoya te para che, je samIpa hoya te apara che. 3. kAlakata. jemake soLa varSa karatAM so varSavALo para che, A so varSavALA karatAM soLa varSavALo apara che. A sarvamAM prazaMsAkRta paratvAparatva ane kSetrakRta paratvAparatva sivAya bAkI badhuM vartanAdi sarva eTale vartana, pariNAma, kriyA ane kAlika paratvAparatva kAlakRta che - kAle upajAveluM che, kAlanI sAthe rahela che. AtmAne karmano saMyoga svabhAvamAM AtmA pariName to mokSa che, vibhAva-parabhAvamAM pariNamavuM te baMdha che. jeTalA aMze parabhAvathI chuTAya teTalA aMze karmathI mokSa che, ane savaze parabhAvathI chuTAvuM te saMpUrNa mokSa che. je je aMze nirapAlikapaNuM, te te aMge jANo dharma ahIM dharma 'AtmAno svabhAva e arthamAM che. baMdha ane mokSa e baMne AtmAnA avasthAvizeSa che. jenAthI karmano baMdha thAya che te mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya, ane yoga - ene Asrava kahevAmAM Ave che. kaSAyathI anuraMjita yoga pravRtti vaDe AtmA dravyakamane AkarSI te vaDe baMdhAya che, ane te karmanA udayakALe vyAkuLatAne anubhave che. sukhaduHkhAdi vedavAnuM mULa kAraNa karmabaMdha che, ane teno niHzeSa - bIjasahita nAza thayA pachI AtmA potAnA svAbhAvika svarUpamAM AvI zake che. A svabhAva-avasthA e ja paramahita - sarvotkRSTa kalyANa che, ane te prApta karavAno upAya e ja A manuSyatvano pradhAna uddeza hovo joIe. A sivAyanI sarva pravRttio A pradhAna kartavyane jeTale aMze upakAraka thAya teTale ja aMze saphaLa che. kevA AcaraNa vaDe AtmA potAnA svabhAvamAM pravarte ? je nimitto vaDe AtmAnuM parabhAvamAM anuraMjana thAya te nimittonI sattAne kevA upAyothI kSINa karavI ? - AvI vicAraNA pratyeka mumukSu AtmAne Upaje che.

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AtmAne karmano saMyoga 111 karmano anAdi saMyoga AtmA ane karmano saMyoga kALanI "AdimAM thayo hato. kALanI Adi kadI saMbhave ? samaya, Avali, ghaDI, divasa, mAsa, varSa, palyopama, parAvartana - e sarva kALanI upacArapUrvaka karelI vyavahAraghaTanA che, ane manuSyoe potAnI sagavaDa mATe ja karelI kalpanAo che. kALanA te svAbhAvika - nizcaye bheda nathI, ane tethI te sarvane zAstrakAre vyavahAra-kALa kahela che. nizcayasvarUpe kALanuM jharaNa anAdi anaMta che. te jharaNanI utpatti ke nAza che ja nahIM. AthI AtmA ane karmano saMbaMdha kALanI AdimAM thayelo - kALanA jharaNanI utpattino sadabhAvIja kahIe to teno artha e ja che ke te saMyoga anAdi che. koIpaNa kALe karma ane AtmA nyArAM hatAM ja nahIM. kALanI AdithI - anaMtakALa pahelAMthI [anAdikALathI] te baMne eka baMdhanarUpa che. samaye samaye te karmavargaNAnuM chUTuM thavuM ane navuM maLavuM thayA ja kare che. AtmA ane karmano saMyoga anAdi che. "saMyoga' e zabda A sthaLe vyavahAranA vyatikaronI mAphaka Adine sUcavanAra nathI. vyavahAramAM sAmAnya rIte "saMyoga' zabda pUrvayogane lakSIne vaparAya che - eTale jyAre prathama be vastuo judI hoya ane pAchaLathI bhegI thAya tyAre te saMyoga pAmI ema vyavahAramAM kahevAmAM AvatuM jovAmAM Ave che, paraMtu karma ane AtmAnA saMyogamAM tema nathI. ahIM "saMyoga' zabda vAparavAmAM AtmA ane karma e baMne nizcaye bhinna che e batAvavAno Azaya che. baMnenuM bhinna svarUpa : AtmA jJAtA - draSTA che, iMdriyAtIta, amUrtika, asaMkhyAta pradezI eka dravya che, jayAre tethI UlaTuM kadravya paugalika, mUrta-jaDa piMDa che. te baMne dravyo atyaMta bhinnabhinna svabhAvI che - baMne eka pradezAvagAhI chatAM svarUpa-svabhAve nirALA ja che. AtmAno ekapaNa pradeza karmarUpa, ane karmanuM eka paNa paramANu AtmarUpa thatuM nathI. sonuM ane rUpuM e baMne dhAtuo bhinna che. te baMnene eka pAtramAM ogALI DhALa pADyA chatAM sonuM e potAnA pILApaNAnA guNasahita, rUpuM ke jeno guNa zvetatva che tethI bhinna ja che ane tejAbanA prayogathI baMnene judA pADI zakAya che, tevI ja rIte AtmA ane karmano atyAre eka DhALa paDI rahyo che. chatAM svabhAve baMne dravya potapotAnA svarUpamAM ja che. sarvazanI daSTie te bhinna pratyakSapaNe dekhAyA hovAthI ja temano saMyoga varNavyo che. - eTaleke saMyoga zabda e apekSAne ja atra sUcave che. jIva anAdi che tema karma paNa pravAharUpe anAdi che. jIva ane karmanA saMbaMdhanI yogyatA te sahaja paNa che. jIva anAdi chatAM paNa karmasaMbaMdhayogyatA vagara hoI zakato ja nathI. jo jIvamAM karmasaMbaMdhanI yogyatA na hoya to, tene jJAnAcaraNAdi vyavahArano ja asaMbhava thAya, bIjA aneka doSa nAme atiprasaMga, ativyApti Ave, ane tema hoya to anAdimAnuM evA mukta te yogyatArahita sate paNa punaH baMdhamAM paDaze, kAraNake baMdha, yogyatAnI apekSA vinA svataH ja pravartaze. jyAre yogyatA na mAnIe to je kAraNathI amuktane baMdhano sadbhAva yogyatA vinA paNa mAnyo, te

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto kAraNathI muktane paNa te amuktajanonI peThe ja baMdha mAnavAmAM zo bAdha che ? AthI joke AtmA anAdi che topaNa tenAmAM karmasaMbaMdhayogyatA paNa avazya anAdithI svabhAvasiddha mAnavI joIe. ema baMdha paNa pravAharUpe anAdi thayo. A para vizeSa samarthana karatAM kahevAnuM ke anya muktimArgAvalaMbI matavALA nAme sAMkhyayogAdinA praNetA puruSa ane prakRtinA yogathI saMsArano saMbhava mAne che. temanA matamAM paNa puruSane je 'didakSA' nAma jovAnI icchA arthAt prakRtimAM vilAsa anubhavavAnI icchA te ja 'bhavabIja' - saMsAranuM kAraNa che, ane te jaine kahelI karmasaMbaMdhayogyatA ja che. Ama anya matomAM paNa teno svIkAra che - arthAt ene svIkAryA vagara cAle tema nathI. 112 nimittanaimittika saMbaMdha karma ane AtmAno saMbaMdha nimittanaimittika che. je kALe karmarUpI nimitta udayamAna thAya te kALe AtmA svarUpathI bhraSTa thAya che eTale vibhAva pariNAmane bhaje che. Ama thavAmAM karmano AtmA 52 baLAtkAra thAya che ema samajavAnuM nathI. karma to mAtra vibhAvanuM nimitta pUruM pADe che, ane AtmA te nimittanI sattAthI parAbhava pAmI vibhAvamAM pariName che te potAnI nirbaLatA che. jevI rIte sUryanA udayakALe cakravAka ane cakravAkI pakSIo maithunabhAvamAM yojAya che, ane tema thavAmAM sUryano udaya mAtra nimittaka che, tevI ja rIte AtmAnuM parabhAvamAM anuraMjita thavAmAM udayamAna karme phakta nimitta ja che. mohanIya karmanA udayakALe te mohanIya karma kaSAyanuM nimitta rajU kare che, paNa temAM baLAtkAre koIpaNa kaSAyamAM AtmAne yojavAnI sattA nathI. jevI rIte nATyagRho, hoTela, mIThAInI dukAno vagere raste cAlyA janArane nATaka jovAnuM, cA-kaoNphI pIvAnuM, ane miSTa AhAra levAnuM mAtra nimitta ja pUruM pADe che, paraMtu baLAtkArathI te nimitto tatprAyogya kAryamAM tene yojatA nathI, tevI ja rIte udayamAna karma paNa tevAM nimitta pUrAM pADe che, paNa baLAtkAre ekke kArya ke bhAvamAM yojatAM nathI. karmano bhoga ane baMdha jUnAM karma bhoga dvArA nIrasa thaI kharI paDe che ane navAM karma rAgAdika bhAva vaDe karmarUpe pariName che. je rAgAdika bhAva vaDe AtmA navIna karmavargaNAne AkarSe che te pariNAmavizeSa e bhAvakarma che, ane te vaDe kheMcAyela kAryaNavargaNA e dravyakarma che. kRtyakarma ane bhAvakarma ekabIjAnAM kAraNabhUta che, arthAt rAgAdika kaSAyanI utpattimAM (bhAvakarmanI utpattimAM) pUrve upArjeluM dravyakarma nimittabhUta che. te dravyakarma jyAre phala ApavAne udayamAna thAya che tyAre AtmA rAgAdikamAM pravarte che. te pravartanamAM dravyakarma nimitta che. vaLI te rAgAdikamAM pariNamanathI pharI dravyakarma baMdhAya che. rAgAdikamAM pariNamana e punaH bhAvakarma che, ane te vaDe navIna karmane AtmA AkarSe che. A pramANe dravyakarmanA udayakALe bhAvakarmamAM pariNamana ane te paNimanathI navIna dravyakarmanuM upArjana, punaH te dravyakarmanuM udayapaNuM, ane te nimitte vibhAvamAM

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AtmAne karmano saMyoga 113 pariNamana ema kAraNa-kAryanI sAMkaLa laMbAyA ja kare che. rAgAdikanI utpatti e pUrve upArjelAM dravyakarmanAM nimittathI ja thAya che. jo nimitta vinA te utpanna thAya to te rAgAdikane AtmAno svabhAva mAnavo paDe ane tethI mukta AtmAomAM paNa rAgAdika saMbhave. je kAMI nimitta vinA hoya tenuM nAma svabhAva' che. mukta AtmAo che teNe nimittano AtyaMtika - taddana nAza karela che tethI temane parabhAvamAM pariNamavuM paDatuM nathI. AthI teo kALanA aMta sudhI mukta che. je vIryavAnuM AtmAo nimittanI sattAne vaza nathI teo alpakALamAM parama puruSArthanI siddhi karI zake che. joke udayamAna karma to temane ane bALajIvone baMnene ekasarakhuM bhogavavuM paDe che topaNa te baMnenI bhogavavAnI kriyAmAM phera che. baLavAnuM AtmAo mAtra thoDA kALamAM phalAbhimukha thayela karmane niHsattva karI pheMkI de che. AThe karmamAM mohanIya karma e anya karmonuM janaka ane poSaNa che - tenA vaDe ja anya sarva karmone poSaNa maLe che. AthI jJAnI puruSo te mohanIya karmanA udayakALe bahu sAvadha rahI tenAthI prajJa thayelA nimittamAM alpa paNa raMjanapaNuM na pAmatAM thoDA kALamAM tene bhogavI le che ane bhAvakarma ghaDatA nathI. AthI bIjAM traNa ghAtakarmane navuM poSaNa maLatuM nathI, ane tethI te traNe karma potAnI sthiti pramANe udayamAna rahI vikharAI jAya che. chevaTe te jJAnI puruSa paramasiddhine vare che. mohanIyanA udaya kALe AtmA jo ta~Ayogya kaSAyabhAvamAM na yojAtAM, tenAthI pragaTa thatAM nimittamAM AtmabaMdha pariNAme na pariNamatAM, taTastha rahI jJAtA-draSTApaNe samabhAve tene bhogavI - vedI le to te AtmabhAvanA tAratamya (jUnAdhikA) anusAra ochA vadhu kALamAM te karmano nAza kare che, ane pharIthI kAryakAraNanI sAMkaLa laMbAtI nathI. A pramANe kama ane AtmAno saMbaMdha mAtra nimitta-naimittika che. baLavAnuM AtmAo AtmavijayathI (Self-mastery) kheda vagara karmane svIkArI navAM karma na baMdhAya te rIte te udayamukha thayela karmane alpakALamAM bhogavI le che. karmasvarUpa : ATha karmo jIvanA aneka guNo che temAMthI keTalAka thoDA guNa evA che ke jeno karma sAthe saMbaMdha che; ane temAM paNa kevala pAMca guNa pradhAna che : (1) cetanA, (2) vIrya, (3) sukha, (4) samyaktva ane (5) cAritra. (1) AtmAnI je zaktithI padArthono pratibhAsa thAya che tene "cetanA" kahevAmAM Ave che. te cetanAnA viSayanA bhedathI be prakAra che : 1. je samaye cetanAmAM padArthasAmAnyano pratibhAsa thAya che te samaye te cetanAne 'darzanakahevAmAM Ave che, ane 2. je samaye te cetanAmAM padArthavizeSano pratibhAsa thAya che te samaye te cetanAne "jJAna" kahevAmAM Ave che. darzanacetanA ane jJAnacetanA e bene "darzana upayoga ane jJAna upayoga" paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. darzana nirvikalpaka che ane jJAna savikalpaka che (2) baLane "vIrya guNa kahevAmAM Ave che.

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114 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto (3) AkulatAnI nivRttipUrvaka AhlAdAtmaka AtmAno guNavizeSa te 'sukha'che. (4) satya padArthomAM vizvAsane - zraddhAne samyaktva' guNa kahe che. (5) hiMsA, jUThuM bolavuM, corI, maithuna ane dhanakuTuMbAdikamAM mamatvarUpa bAhyakriyA (parigraha), tathA yoga (paMca skaMdhone grahaNa karavAnI zakti. jIvane pudgala sAthe joDanArI zakti-yuj=joDavuM e dhAtu parathI), ane kaSAya (kap saMsAra ane Aya - lAbha, jethI saMsAraprApti thAya evA krodha, mAna, mAyA, ane lobha) rUpa atyaMtara kriyAnI nivRttithI prAdurbhUta AtmAno guNavizeSa te 'cAritra' che. = : A guNo sAthe karmano saMbaMdha joIe H guNane keTalAMka karmo ghAtaka hoya che ane keTalAMka ghAtaka hotAM nathI, ane te pramANe ghAtI ane aghAtI evA karmanA be bheda pADavAmAM AvyA che. je AtmAnA guNanA ghAtaka hoya te 'ghAtI' karma kahevAya che, ane je karma jIvanA guNono ghAta na kare, paNa zarIra Adi tathA iSTaaniSTa padArthono saMyogaviyoga Adi jIvane prApta karAve che tene 'aghAtI' karma kahevAmAM Ave che. ghAtI karma cAra prakAranAM che H jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya ane aMtarAya. - jJAnane (mati Adi pAMca jJAnane) Avare, tenuM AcchAdana kare, teno ghAta kare te 'jJAnAvaraNa', cakSu Adi sAmAnya bodhane - darzanane je Avare - tenuM AcchAdana kare, teno ghAta kare te 'darzanAvaraNa'. Ama jJAnAvaraNIya ane darzanAvaraNIya karmathI AtmAnI jJAna-cetanA ane darzanacetanA apragaTa rahe che, ane te karmano je aMzamAM kSayopazama hoya te anusAra kiMcit jJAna ane darzana zaktinI vyaktatA thAya che. AtmAnI hAlanI zakti e karmanA abhAvathI nahi paNa kSayopazamathI ja pragaTa thayelI che. sAMsArika vaibhava-sukha-duHkha Adi karmanA Agamajanya che, paraMtu jJAna-zakti karmanA kSayopazamajanya che. e vAta buddhimAne khAsa lakSamAM rAkhavA yogya che. je aMtara=vacamAM AvavuM arthAt lAbhAdinA vacamAM Ave - vighnabhUta thAya eTale lAbhAdi jIvane prApta thatAM aTakAve, matalaba ke je AtmAnA vIryaguNano ghAta kare eTale jethI AtmAnuM anaMta vIrya prakaTa thaI zakatuM nathI, ane svabhAvathI ramaNarUpa cAritrano lAbha banato nathI tene 'aMtarAya' kahe che; mohathI je jIvane vicitratA prApta karAve te mohanIya'. tenA be bheda che. 1. darzanamohanIya 2. cAritramohanIya. samyaktva arthAt samyagdarzana guNanuM je karma ghAtaka thAya tene 'darzanamohanIya' = 'mithyAbodha' kahevAmAM Ave che, ane je karma cAritraguNano ghAta kare te 'cAritramohanIya'-(rAgAdi pariNAmarUpa) che. matalaba ke mohanIya karmanA nimitta vaDe kAma-krodha-lobha-moha Adi vibhAva pariNAmamAM AtmA anuraMjana pAmI potAnA svabhAvathI vyuta thAya che. A cAra ghAtI.karmanI vizeSa zakti kahevAmAM AvI. sAmAnya zakti e che ke samasta ghAtI karma potAnI sAmAnya zaktithI jIvano 'sukha' guNa ghAte che. have aghAtIkarma para AvIe. te cAra che H vedanIya, gotra, Ayu ane nAmakarma. iSTa tathA aniSTa IMdriya viSayonuM je anubhava karAve te 'sAtA' (sukharUpa) ane 'asAtA' (duHkharUpa) - e be bhedarUpa vedanIya karma' che, tethI jIvane AkuLatA thAya. (vedanIyamAM vedavuM = anubhavavuM, bhogavavuM e dhAtu che.), jenA udayathI - je karmanA

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AtmAne karmano saMyoga 115 phalathI jIva ucca tathA nIca gotramAM - kulamAM janma le che te gotra karma che. jIvonuM avasthAna naraka, pazu, manuSya ke devanA zarIramAM je karma karAve - jIvane rokI rAkhe - jenA udayathI jIva te gatimAM jIve che te "Ayu' karma che, ane zubha azubha zarIrAdika sAmagrI je karmanA phalathI pamAya tene tathA je karma jIvane gati vagere aneka prakAranAM rUpa pariNamAve te "nAma" karma che. jIvonAM zarIra be prakAranAM che : skUla ane sUkSma. sUkSma zarIra vaLI be prakAranuM che : tejasa ane kArmaNa. sthUla zarIrane kAMti ApanAra zarIrane taijasa' zarIra kahe che, ane ATha karmonA samUhane "kAma" zarIra kahe che. skUla zarIra traNa prakAranAM che ? audArika - manuSya tiryaMcanAM sthUla zarIra te, vaikriyaka (vikriyAthI utpanna thayela) - je nAnA, moTA, eka aneke vagere judAjudA prakAranI kriyAone kare evA deva ane nAraka jIvanuM zarIra te, AhAraka zarIra chaThThA guNasthAnavartI munine tattvomAM koI zaMkA utpanna thavAthI kevalI athavA zrutakevalInI samIpa teno khulAso levA javA mATe mastakamAMthI ne eka hAthanA pUtaLA jevuM zarIra te karIne jAya che te. Ama kula pAMca zarIra thayAM. temAMthI sAmAnyapaNe manuSya ane tiryaMca (pazu Adi)ne traNa zarIra hoya che : audArika, tejasa ane kArmaNa. A zarIromAM AhAra vargaNAthI sthUla zarIra, tejasa vargaNAthI taijasa zarIra, ane kArmaNa vargaNAthI kAmaNa zarIra thAya che. ane manovargaNAthI mana, ane bhASAvargaNAthI vacana bane che. (vargaNA eTale pratyeka karmaparamANune 'varga' kahevAmAM Ave che, te vargano samUha te vargaNA.) A pramANe mana, vacana, ane samasta zarIra nAmakarmanA phalathI prApta thAya che.' A rIte vedanIya, gotra, Ayu ane nAma e cAra bheda aghAtI karmanA che. vedanIya te AtmAnA avyAbAdha guNane aTakAve, gotra jIvanA agurulaghutva guNane 1. vedAMtamAM traNa zarIra kahela che. skUla, sUkSma (athavA liMga), ane kAraNa. ane pAMca prakAranA koza mAnela che : annamaya koza, prANamaya koza, manomaya koza, vijJAnamaya koza ane AnaMdamaya koza. annamaya koza (sarakhAvo audArika zarIrane AhAra vargaNA) te skUla zarIra che, sUkSma ke liMga zarIramAM prANamaya, manomaya, ane vijJAnamaya kozano samAveza thAya che - AmAM prANamaya koza te rajoguNathI utpanna thayela karmendriyo tathA prANo sahita che. AnaMdamaya koza te kAraNa zarIramAM che. sUkSma zarIra te vedAMta pramANe pAMca jJAnendriya, pAMca karmendriya, pAMca prANa, mana ane buddhi e 17 tattva vaDe baneluM che. A pAMce kozano draSTA temanAthI bhinna zuddha caitanya che. AmAM prANamaya koza upara annamaya kozanI imArata che eTale ke annamaya kozane prANamaya kozano AdhAra che. prANamaya kozanA bhAsanI aMdara ja manomaya kozano bhAsa che. svapna paNa prANamaya kozathI Ave che. prANamaya kozarU5 darpaNamAM manomaya kozarUpa pratibiMba vaDe huM nirAkAra sthAnarUpa chuM evo anubhava Ave che. anubhava e vRtti ke kalpanA che. te vRtti ke kalpanA e ja vijJAnamaya koza che. cAre kozathI huM judo chuM ema AnaMdathI anubhavI bolavA lAgavAthI ati AnaMda thAya che te AnaMdamaya koza che. AnaMdamaya kozane mANavAvALo tethI judo zuddhAtmA che.

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116 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto bAdhaka che, Ayukarma AtmAnA avagAhaguNane aTakAve ane nAmakarma AtmAnA sUkSmatva guNane aTakAve che : A AThe karmo javAthI muktajIvanA - siddhanA ATha guNo prApta thAya che. jJAnAvaraNa karmano nAza thavAthI kevalajJAna - anaMtajJAna (avAMtara sattAviziSTa vivakSita padArthane viSaya karavAvALI cetanA. loka, alokanA svarUpanuM samasta prakAre jJAna) thAya che, darzanAvaraNanA javAthI kevaladarzana-anaMtadarzana (mahAsattA viziSTa pratibhAsa - loka alokanuM nirvikalpakajJAna - sAmAnyAkAre jJAna eTale darzana) thAya che, aMtarAyanA nAzathI anaMtavIrya-bala Ave che, anaMtavIryathI anaMtadAna-lAbhabhoga-upabhoga-vIryamaya thavAya che. mohanIya jatAM anaMtacAritra, kSAyika samyatva - vItarAgatA prApta thAya che. nAmakarmanA nAzathI sUkSmatva - arUpIpaNuM prApta thAya che. (nAmakarma hoya tyAM zarIra hoya, zarIra hoya tyAM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza hoya - tethI nAmakarmano kSaya thavAthI arUpI guNa pragaTa thAya che.) gotra karmano kSaya thatAM agurulaghutva = bhArIpaNuM nahi tema halakApaNuM nahi. - UMcanIcapaNuM rahetuM nathI. vedanIya jatAM avyAbAdha sukha - nirvedanIya - nirupAdhika anaMta sukha prApta thAya che - A AnaMdamAM sukhaduHkharUpa vikalpa hoto ja nathI, ane AyuSyakameno nAza thatAM akSaya sthiti prApta thAya che. karma e paudgalika che ane te pudgala jyAre jIva sAthe baMdhAya che, tyAre pudgalanuM nAma 'karma paDe che, te saMyogane baMdha kahe che. baMdhanuM svarUpa baMdhatattva'mAM jaNAvela che. A karmathI AtmA sukhaduHkha anubhave che. ane tenAthI saMsAra thAya che. ghAtI cAra karmanA nimittanI sattA upara AtmA vijayI thAya to anaMta jJAnAdi potAnI svasattAno tene lAbha thAya. A kALe te sattA mAtra zaktipaNe ja che, te avyakta zakti (latent powers)ne vyakta (patent) karavAnI kriyA te ja mokSamArga che ane te mArga je AtmAone tenI prApti thayelI che te ja batAvI zake che. bAkInA mArga e tarka ane aTakaLa mAtra che. jemaNe pratyakSa svarUpa veDyuM che te ja anya bhavyAtmAone te mArgamAM vALI zake che. 1. jaino tathA vedAntIo baMne AtmAne puraSa kahe che, sAMkhyo kSetravi-kSetrajJa kahe che siAMkhyo paNa puruSa kahe che. ane bauddho jJAna - vijJAna skaMdha kahe che, temaja AtmAthI anya evuM je kAMI mAnIne saMsArAdi vyavahArano nirvAha thAya che tene bauddha ane vedAMtIo avidyA' kahe che, sAMkhyo prakRti kahe che ane jaino karma kahe che. paraMtu e badhA nAmamAtranA bheda che, emAM tAttvika bheda nathI. vaLI AtmA ane tadanya evuM je koI (karma) tenA saMyogathI vyavahAra (saMsAra) Upaje che, to te saMyogane paNa judAM judAM nAma ApavAmAM Ave che : bauddha tathA vedAMtIo tene bhrAMti kahe che, sAMkhyo pravRtti kahe che ane jaino baMdha kahe che. temaja jenA anugrahathI - prasAdathI baMdhamukti thAya che tene jaino zAstA kahe che, bauddho vedya kahe che ane zaiva bhAgavata Adi avikArI kahe che. A badhA nAmabheda che ane te nAmabheda bAdhaka nathI, kAraNake ekamAMthI aneka bhedano saMbhava che, paraMtu pariNAmI evo AtmA svayogyatAthI karmano saMyoga ke teno viyoga anubhave che evuM sarva darzane svIkAreluM che. - yogabiMdu, zlo.17-18

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AtmAne karmano saMyoga 117 aghAtI cAra karmo AtmAnA svAbhAvika svarUpane pratirodha karanAra nathI. te cAra karmanA Agama ke kSayane AtmAnA vAstavasvarUpanA prAkaTya sAthe kazo saMbaMdha nathI. te cAra karmane to mAtra bAhya sAmagrIo sAthe ja saMbaMdha che - teonA udayathI bAhya sAmagrIonuM maLavuM thAya che ane anudaye te sAmagrI udbhavatI nathI. ghAtI karma AtmAnA svabhAvane prakaTa thavA detAM nathI ane AtmAnA UrdhvagAmI pathamAM vidana nAMkhe che, tyAre aghAtI vargaNAnI tevI kazI sattA nathI. aghAtI karmamAMnuM vedanIya udaya Ave che tyAre AtmAne nAnA prakAranAM sukha-du:khAdinuM bhAna karAvanAra sAmagrIno yoga thAya che. A yoga karAvI te vedanIya karmanI sattA tyAMthI ja aTake che. te sAmagrImAM sukha-duHkhanuM bhAna karAvavuM te mohanIya karmanuM kartavya che. vedanIya to mAtra sAmagrI ApIne khasI jAya che. sukhaduHkhAdi vaDe anurajitapaNAnuM tAratamya to mohanIya karmane vaza che. jo mohanIya karma sahakArI na hoya to vedanIya karma ekaluM cheka sAmarthyahIna che kemake tenAmAM sAmagrI ApavA uparAMta kazo anya guNa nathI. nAmakarmathI gati, jAti, zarIra Adi bAhya sAmagrI nIpaje che. gotrakarma e nIca ucca kuLanI prAptimAM nimittabhUta che, ane AyukarmathI prApta deha sAtheno saMbaMdha amuka kALa sudhI TakI rahe che. ATha karmonI uttara pravRtio karmanI mULa ATha prakRti - bheda upara jaNAvyA che. tenI uttara-prakRti arthAt te ATha karmanA bIjA aneka bhedo che tenuM saMkSiptamAM kaMIka khyAna karazuM. 1. jJAnAvaraNIya karmanI 5 prakRti (svabhAva) : jJAnanA pa prakAra che. (1) matijJAna (Abhinibodhika) - buddhi ane IdriyonI apekSAthI maLatuM jJAna. (2) zrutajJAna - kahelA kathananuM grahaNarUpa jJAna. (3) avadhijJAna - IdriyonI apekSA vinA AtmAne rUpI viSayonuM sAkSAt arthagrahaNa karanAruM jJAna. (4) mana:paryavajJAna - manamAM ciMtita arthane sAkSAtu grahaNa karanAruM jJAna. (5) kevalajJAna - sarvajJatA eTale lokAlokanA sakala padArtha svarUpanuM bhAna karanAruM jJAna. A pAMce jJAnanAM je AvaraNa te jJAnAvaraNIyanI pAMca prakRti nAme (1) matijJAnAvaraNIya (2) zrutajJAnAvaraNIya (3) avadhijJAnAvaraNIya (4) mana:paryava jJAnAvaraNIya ane (5) kevalajJAnAvaraNIya. 2. darzanAvaraNIya karmanI 9 prakRti : sAmAnya bodha eTale darzana ke tene AvaraNa karanAra te darzanAvaraNIya. tenA nava bheda nAme (1) cakSudarzanAvaraNIya 2) acakSu darzanAvaraNIya (3) avadhi darzanAvaraNIya (4) kevala darzanAvaraNIya ane (pa-8) pAMca jAtanI nidrA nAme (5) nidrA (6) nidrAnidrA () pracalA (8) pracalApracalA (9) tyAnaddhi. te darzanalabdhinAM Avaraka che. cakSuthI sAmAnyagrAhI bodha te cakSudarzana cakSu vinAnI bIjI cAra Idriya tathA manathI potapotAnA viSayanuM je sAmAnyapaNe grahaNa thAya che te acakSudarzana, sAmAnyapaNe rUpI dravyanuM mayadApUrvaka grahaNa te avadhidarzana, ane samasta vastunuM sAmAnyapaNe uttama kSAyika bhAve dekhavuM thAya te kevaladarzana. (1-4) A cAre darzana jenA udayathI Avarita - AcchAdita thAya te anukrame cakSu darzanAvaraNIya, acakSu darzanAvaraNIya, avadhi darzanAvaraNIya ane kevala

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118 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto darzanAvaraNIya. nidrA caitanyane sarvaprakAre atikutsita kare, sAmAnya grahaNarUpa darzana upayogamAM vidana kare te. nidrA pAMca prakAranI che. ane karmaprakRtinAM nAma paNa te ja che. (1) nidrA - jemAM capaTI bajAvatAM nidrA lenAra jAgI UThe evI sukhapratibodha te. (2) nidrAnidrA - jemAM bahu ja halAvavAthI, kapaDAM kheMcavAthI nidrA lenAra jAge - jethI atizaya nidrA Ave te, (3) pracalA - beThAMbeThAM tathA UbhAM UbhAM jIvane je nidrA Ave te. (4) pracalA pracalA - cAlatAM cAlatAM jIvane nidrA Ave te. (5) tyAddhi - jenAthI Rddhi eTale Atmazakti tyAnA eTale piMDIbhUta thaI che te. A nidrAmAM jIva keTalAMka kArya paNa kare che, paraMtu kAryanuM tene bhAna rahetuM nathI. A pAMca nidrA je karmanA udayathI Ave tene paNa te ja nAma ApelAM che. 3. mohanIya karmanI 28 prakRti : tattvArtha zraddhAnane je viparIta kare, AtmAne je mohamAM nAMkhe - mUMjhave te mohanIya karma che. tenA mukhya be bheda che. (1) mithyAtva mohanIya ane (2) cAritra mohanIya. 1-3. (1) mithyAtva mohanIyanA traNa prakAra che. samyatva mohanIya, mizramohanIya ane mithyAtva mohanIya. 4-28. (2) cAritra mohanIyanA 5 prakAra che. temAM 16 kaSAya mohanIya prakRti che ane 9 nokaSAya che. e kaSAyamohanIya 16 jAtanA A prakAre che : krodha, mAna, mAyA ane lobha e cAra kaSAya che, eTale (kadhu saMsAra ane Aya-lAbha) jethI saMsArano lAbha thAya che te. te dareka cAra jAtanAM che. anaMtAnubaMdhI, apratyAkhyAtI, pratyAkhyAtI ane saMjvalana e rIte 16 bheda thayA. je krodhAdi anaMta saMsAranAM mULa kAraNa che tathA jeno anaMtabhavAnubaMdhI svabhAva che. jeno svabhAva paththaranI rekhA samAna che eTale jenI sAthe kleza thAya tenI sAthe te jyAM sudhI jIve tyAM sudhI roSa choDe nahIM - te anaMtAnubaMdhI krodha. tevI ja rIte paththarI thaMbhanI peThe je mAna name nahi, tathA je mAyA vAMsanI jaDa samAna kadApi sarala na hoya, tathA je lobha kRminA raMga samAna kadApi dUra na thAya evA je krodha, mAna, mAyA ane lobhayukta pariNAma te anaMtAnubaMdhI krodha, mAna, mAyA ane lobha che. jenA udayathI thoDuM paNa pratyAkhyAna (paccakhANa) thatuM nathI te apratyAkhyAnI; jenA udayathI sarvaviratipaNuM - sAdhuvratanuM pratyAkhyAna levAya nahIM te pratyAkhyAnI, ane jenA udayathI kevalajJAna prApta na thAya te saMjavalana. 9 nokaSAya - no eTale sahakArI. kaSAyane je sahakArI che te nokaSAya - 1. strIveda - jethI puraSa bhogavavAnI prabaLa IcchA thAya 2. puruSaveda - jethI strI bhogavavAnI IcchA thAya, 3. napuMsaka veda - jethI puruSa ane strI baMnene bhogavavAnI IcchA thAya. 4. hAsya - jethI hasavuM Ave, 5. rati - jethI ramaNIya vastuomAM jIva rame - khuzI thAya. 6. arati - jenAthI ratithI viparItapaNuM thAya, 7. zoka - jethI priyaviyogAdithI vikala mana, glAni, kaMdana, zoka thAya. 8. jya - jethI bIka lAge. 9 jugupsA - durgachA - jethI malinAdi vastu dekhavAthI nAka caDhe te. 4. aMtarAya karmanI 5 prakRti : (1) jenA udayathI ApavAnI vastu paNa che, guNavAna pAtra paNa che, dAnanuM phala paNa ApanAra jANe che, chatAM dAna karI zakato

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AtmAne karmano saMyoga 119 nathI te karma - dAnamAM aMtarAya-vidanarUpa te dAnAMtarAya (2) jenA udayathI devAyogya vastu paNa che, dAtAra paNa bahu ja prasiddha che, mAganAra paNa mAgavAmAM atyaMta kuzala che chatAMye mAganArane kAMIpaNa maLe nahi te lAbhAMtarAya. (3) jenA udayathI ekavAra bhogavavA yogya - bhogya vastu - AhArAdi vidyamAna che paNa jIvathI bhogavAya nahi te bhogAMtarAya (4) jenA udayathI vAraMvAra bhogavavA yogya - upabhogya vastuo jevI ke zayyA, vastrAdi vidyamAna hovA chatAM bhogavAya nahIM te upabhogavaMtarAya ane (5) jenA udayathI yuvAna rogarahita, puSTAMga tathA balavAna pote hovA chatAM paNa potAnI zaktino upayoga na thaI zake te vIAMtarAya. pa. nAmakarmanI prakRtio ghaNI che. utkRSTa 103 che. te sarva ahIM jaNAvatAM vizeSa vistAra thAya tethI atra upayogI je che te ja jaNAvIzuM. jenA udayathI narakAdi jAti, DhIdriyAdi jAti, zarIra, aMgopAMga, saMhanana (zarIranuM baMdhAraNa), saMsthAna (zarIranA aMgopAMganuM baMdhAraNa - AkRtivizeSa), varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza Adi je prApta thAya e nAmathI judIjudI prakRtio che. 6. gotrakarmanI 2 prakRti : 1. ucca gotra ke jethI ucca gotra pamAya, ane 2. nIca gotra ke jethI nIca gotra pamAya che. 7. AyuSanI 4 prakRti : 4 gati pramANe : 1. narakAyu, 2. tiryaMcAyu, 3. devAyu ane 4. manuSya Ayu. 8. vedanIyanI 2 prakRti H 1. sAtA vedanIya siAtavedanIya athavA saMgha jethI jIva sukha bhogave che, 2. azAtA vedanIya - asAtavedanIya athavA asahya jenA udayathI jIva duHkha bhogave che. AtmAne karmanuM AvaraNa jema sUrya vAdaLAMthI DhaMkAyelo hoya che tema AtmA karmathI DhaMkAyelo che. A daSTAMta ekadezIya che, kAraNake sUryano mAtra bAhya paTa - sapATI meghathI AcchAdita hoya che, paNa AtmAne to potAnA sarva pradezo karmavargaNAthI gUMthAyelA che. mAtra nAbhi AgaLanA ATha rUcaka pradezo ja nilepa che. jo teTalA pradeza nirAvaraNa na hota to AtmAnuM Atmatva TakI zake nahIM. game tevI nikRSTa dazA AtmAnI hoya chatAM teTalA pradezo khullA rahe che, ane teTalA anAvarita pradezanA baLathI punaH Urdhva gatine te pAme che. sUrya uparathI jeTale aMze meghanuM paTa khase che, teTale aMze te vyakta thAya che ane jeTalA aMzo AcchAdita che teTalA avyakta rahe che. tevI ja rIte AtmAno jJAna-darzana svabhAva che te karmapaTanA khasI javAthI prakaTa thayelo svAbhAvika aMza che, aupAdhika aMza nahIM. navAM karmane AkarSanAra ane tene baMdharUpe pariNamAvanAra A vyakta thayela AtmAno svAbhAvika aMza nathI. jo ekAMte - nizcaye temaja manAya to AtmAmAM karmane kheMcavAnA svabhAvanuM AropaNa thAya ane tema thAya to arthAt karmane grahavAno AtmAno svabhAva ja hoya to AtmA karmathI kadI mukta thaI zakavAno nahIM. AthI (1) AtmAno jJAna-darzanano vyakta thato ane thayelo eza karmanA baMdhamAM

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto ekAMta heturUpa nathI, temaja (2) AtmAno avyakta karmAvirata aMza che te paNa karmane AkarSavA azakta che, kAraNake jenuM jJAna-darzana-vIrya karmanA prAbalyathI abhAvarUpe che te abhAvasvarUpa dravya anyanA kAraNabhUta kema saMbhavI zake ? (3) vaLI karmane kheMcanAra karma paNa nathI kAraNake karma e paudgalika dravya che ane pudgala vaDe AkarSAyeluM karma jo AtmAnA sukhaduHkhAdinA heturUpa hoya ema mAnIe to akRtAgamano doSa Ave. tyAre have - karmane AkarSanAra koNa ? 120 jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya, ane aMtarAya e je cAra ghAtIkarma kahyAM tenA nimittathI upasthita thatA bhAva vaDe jIva dravyakarmane AkarSe che. mohanIya karmanA nimitta vaDe thatAM mithyAtva, kaSAya bhAva e jIvanA astitvathI bhinna nathI paNa jIvanA ja pariNAmavizeSa che eTale jIva pote ja te pariNAmano kartA che. kartA (Efficient Cause) ane karma (Effect) e ubhaya jIvamAM ja samAyelAM che, paraMtu te vibhAvapariNamana jIvano svabhAva nathI. karmagrahaNa to aupAdhika bhAve che. jyAre jIva parabhAvamAM varte che tyAre te karmano kartA che. vedAMtAdi darzana AtmAne zuddha-buddha-akartA-abhoktA mAne che tenuM sarva aMze grahaNa jaina siddhAMta karatuM nathI, kAraNake tema karatAM virodha Ave. sarva zAstronI pravRtti duHkhanA AtyaMtika kSaya arthe che ane jyAM sudhI jJAna thAya nahIM tyAM sudhI te duHkhano sarvathA kSaya thAya nahIM evo sarva darzanono eka mata che. have jo duHkha ja na hoya to pachI tenI nivRttinA upAyo kayA hetuo arthe hoya ? AtmA karmano kartA che ane duHkha e karmanuM phaLa che e mAnyA sivAya cAle tema nathI, paraMtu tethI AtmAno karmakartRtva svabhAva Tharato nathI. AtmAnuM karmakartRtva aupAdhika bhAve che - svAbhAvika bhAve nahi. jvarapIDita osaDa grahaNa kare te mATe teno svabhAva osaDa grahavAno che ema TharatuM nathI. te teno tyAga paNa icchA thatAM karI zake che. AtmAnuM karmagrahaNa mohanIyAdi karmanA rAgadveSarUpa pariNatithI nimittathI che, te nimitta dUra thatAM athavA to te nimittanI sattAno parAjaya karavAthI te karmagrahaNano abhAva thaI jAya che. svabhAva ane vibhAva jIva ane pudgala e baMne dravya ane tenA guNonI jaina zAstrakAre be prakAre ghaTanA karI che : 1. svabhAva paryAya 2. vibhAva paryAya. paryAyano artha AkAra athavA eka sthitivizeSa thAya che. dravya je rUpe hoya che temAM bIjuM dravya nimittabhUta na hoya to te dravyano 'svabhAvaparyAya' gaNAya che; anya dravyanI sahAya athavA nimitta hoya to te 'vibhAvaparyAya' lekhAya che. kaivalya-jJAna (saMpUrNa jJAna) e AtmAno svabhAvaguNa paryAya che, ane tethI UtaratAM mati-zruta-avadhi Adi naimittika jJAna AtmAno vibhAvaguNa-paryAya che. tevI ja rIte jaDa padArthomAM pudgalanA aMtima - avibhAjya 1. akRtAgamadoSa jeNe je karyuM nathI tenuM phaLa tene Ave te. kamanuM kheMceluM karma AtmAne phaLa ApI zake to te doSa che.

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AtmAne karmano saMyoga paramANuonA sparza, varNa, rasa, gaMdha pudgalano svabhAvaguNa paryAya che ane samUhAtmaka paramANuonA skaMdhamAM vartatA sparza, varNa, gaMdha, rasane vibhAvaguNaparyAya kahela che. AtmA tenI vibhAvadazAmAM karmanuM grahaNa kare to tema karavAmAM teno nitya svabhAva che ema TharatuM nathI. karma grahaNIya dravya che, AtmA grahanAra che. ubhaya bhinna che tethI AtmAnuM karyagrahaNa te teno svabhAva thaI zake nahIM. AtmA sAthe karmanA baMdhanuM niyAmaka dhanakuTuMbAdika bAhya sAmagrI nathI, paraMtu te-te sAmagrImAM rahelI mamatva bhAvanA ja che A rAgadveSarUpa pariNatithI AtmA karmavargaNAne kheMce che. 121 strI Adi sAmagrIne tajavAnuM je kahela che temAM te sAmagrI tajavAthI lAbha nathI, paNa tethI ema mAnavAnuM che ke temAM mamatvabhAvanA Asakti tajavAnI che. karmanA traNa bheda bhAvaka, dravyakarma ane nokarma. bhAvakarma e AtmAnA rAgadveSarUpa pariNAma che, dravyakarma e pudgalano vikAra che ane te rAgadveSarUpa bhAva vaDe AkarSAI AtmA sAthe eka kSetrAvagAha banI jAya che, ane nokarma te ukta baMne karmanI AdhArabhUmi che. jainakiva banArasIdAsajI kahe che ke : jJAnarUpa bhagavAna ziva, bhAvakarma cittabharma dravya karma tana kAramaNa, yaha zarI2 nokarma. jJAnathI abhinnabhAve vartatuM evuM zrI prabhunuM svarUpa che. cittano bhrama vibhAvadA e bhAvakarma che. kAryaNazarIra - karmanA paramANuono samUha e dravya karma che ane A zarIra e nokarma che. nokarmamAM nono artha iSat - sahAyakArI artha thAya che. je dravya bhAvakarmanA pariNamanamAM upakAraka thAya che te nokarma. jema IMdriyonA pravartanamAM mana upakAraka hovAthI manane noIdriya - chaThI iMdriya' tarIke svIkArAya che temaja zarIrane karmapravartanamAM upakAraka samajI tene nokarma svIkAreluM che. zarIra ane mana e, nAmakarmanA udayathI prApta thayeluM che ane tenI ceSTAnA nimittathI AtmapradezamAM cAMcalya upasthita thAya che. yoga zarIra ane mana e eka kSetratyApI hovAthI te bemAMthI ekamAM cAMcalya prakaTa thatAM AtmAmAM te pratidhvanita thAya che. ane te prakaMpa athavA AMdolana vaDe karmapudgalo (?) AtmA prati AkarSAya che. A vyatikarane manavacana kAyAnA vyApArane jaina paribhASAmAM 'yogapravRtti' kahevAmAM Ave che. koIpaNa kapAya rahita mana ane zarIranA cAMcalya vaDe AtmAmAM upasthita sphuraNa e sAmAnyataH yoga che. 1. bauddho paDAyatanamAM pAMca iMdriya ane chaThThuM mana mAne che. 2. yogano atha bIjAo AtmAne paramAtmA sAthe anusaMdhAna rUpa samAdhi kare che te jainonI yogapravRtti'no nathI; jainoe te samAdhino atha paNa (pachIthI ?) svIkArI te para 'dhogabiMdu' Adi aneka graMtho lakhAyA che.

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1rara jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto yogathI prakRtibaMdha ane pradezabaMdha - A yoga pravRttinA nimittathI dareka samaye AtmA anaMta karmaparamANuo AkarSe che. tyAM jo yoganuM alpapaNuM hoya to tenA pramANamAM nyUna karma paramANuonuM Agama hoya che eTale karmanA ochA pradeza baMdhAya che ane atipramANamAM hoya to karma adhika baMdhAya che. Ama karmano pradezabaMdha yoga para AdhAra rAkhe che. eka samayamAM A rIte baMdhAyelI karmavagaMNA, AyuSyakarma sivAyanAM bAkInAM sAta karma ane tenI uttarapravRtiomAM vaheMcAI jAya che arthAt te te prakRtimAM pariNamI jAya che. jema AhArarUpe grahaNa karelA paramANuo lohI, mAMsa, majjA, hADakAM, vIrya Adi zarIradhAtuo rUpe pariNamI jAya che, tevI rIte yoga vaDe AkarSAyelI karmavargaNA mULa ane uttaraprakRtio rUpe te-te vargaNAnA svabhAvAnusAra pariNamI jAya che. vaLI jema keTalAka prakAranA AhAramAM khAsa karI moTe bhAge lohI, rUpe pariNamavAno, koIno vIryarUpe pariNamanano khAsa guNa hoya che tevI rIte ahIM paNa grahelI karmavargaNAmAM keTalIkano svabhAva koI viziSTa prakRtirUpe moTA bhAge pariNamavAno hoya che, eTale samayamabaddha vargaNAnA sAta eka sarakhA vibhAga thaI jAya che ema samajavAnuM nathI, paraMtu te vargaNAmAM je viziSTa svabhAva hoya te rU5 moTA bhAge pariName che, ane bAkInI pravRtiomAM nyUna aMza mAtra bhaLe che. jema badAmanA AhAramAM vaidyaka daSTie moTe bhAge magajane poSaNa ApavAno guNa rahe che jayAre mAtra thoDo ja bhAga rakta-mAMsa AdinA poSaNamAM jAya che, tema samayaprabaddha karmavargaNAnuM samajavuM. eTaluM vizeSa jANavAnuM che ke je prakRtionuM ekabIjA sAthe virodha hovArUpa bhUgalapaNuM che jemake hAsya zoka, rati ati, temAM mAtra te bemAMthI ekane ja hisso maLe che. koI karma ekasAthe hAsya ane zoka, rati ane ati e baMnemAM pariNamatuM nathI. temaja traNa veda (jAti) arthAt strI, purapa athavA napuMsaka e traNamAMthI mAtra eka rUpe ja pariName che. AyuSya karmanI je prakRti che te AkhA jIvanamAM eka ja vAra baMdhAya che; tethI pratyeka samaye grahatAM karma pudgalamAMthI AyuSpa prakRtine kazo phALo maLato nathI. A pramANe yoga vaDe gRhIta karmamAMthI be ghaTanA phalita thAya che. (1) kamanI prakRti (Nature) ane (2) teno pradeza (Extent). yoga eka Ajhava eTale ke rastethI karma Ave che te che. A yogAstravanI javAbadArI karmanI prakRti ane tenA pradezanA niyAmaka banyA pachI aTake che. tenuM kartavya mAtra karmavargaNAne kheMcavAnuM - teno jaththo bhego karavAnuM ane pachI tenI mULa ane uttara prakRti rUpe vaheMcaNI karavAnuM che. pachI te karma keTalA kALa sudhI udayamAna rahevAnuM che tathA tenI phaLadAyI zaktinuM tAratamya keTaluM che, te sAthe yogAstravane kazo saMbaMdha nathI. teno AdhAra kaSAya. upara yoganA be bheda prakRtibaMdha saMbaMdhe yoganuM dvividhapaNuM che. (1) bhopayoga (2) aDabhopayoga. mana, vacana ane kAyAnA zubha vyApAra athAt dharmaciMtana, parahitakArya Adi uttama

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AtmAne karmano saMyoga pravRtti e zubhopayoga che, ane tethI viruddha upayoga te azubhopayoga che. AtmA-anAtmAno viveka thayA vinAnI game tevI zubhAzubha yoga pravRtti e ghAtI karmanA baMdharUpa ja hoya che, ane aghAtI karmamAM zubhopayoga vaDe zAtAvedanIya Adi puNya prakRti, ane azubhopayoga vaDe azAtAvedanIya Adi pApaprakRtinuM upArjana thAya che. zubha ane azubhanI jyAM mizra yogapravRtti hoya che tyAM keTalAka pudgala aMza puNya prakRtirUpa ane keTalAka pApaprakRti rUpa pariName che. je mahAbhAga puruSone AtmA-anAtmAnI khyAti arthAt viveka - 'AtmakhyAti' varte che temane ghAtIkarmanuM upArjana bahu nyUna hovuM saMbhave che. kaSAya : tethI sthitibaMdha ane anubhAgabaMdha have karmanI phaLadAyI zaktinA saMbaMdhe kayA hetu pravarte che te joIe. karmo keTalA kALa sudhI Takaze eTale sthitibaMdha ane kevuM tIvra athavA maMda phaLa Apaze eTale anubhAgabaMdha - teno AdhAra AtmAnA kaSAyabhAva upara rahelo che. 123 'kaSAya' eTale mohanA udayathI krodhAdika mithyAtvabhAva upasthita thavo te; athavA AtmAnA svarUpajJAna rUpa samyaktvano ane svarUpAcaraNarUpa dezacAritra, sakala cAritra ane yathAkhyAta cAritrano rodha kare te. TUMkAmAM evI vyAkhyA tenI thaI zake ke krodha, mAna, mAyA ane lobharUpa AtmAnA vibhAva pariNAmo. have prakRtibaMdha ane anubhAgabaMdhamAM sUkSma phera joIe. prakRtibaMdhano kAryapradeza mAtra karmavargaNAne AtmAnI sAthe yojavAno che, jyAre anubhAgabaMdhanuM kArya e kAryaNa skaMdhomAM rahelI phaLadAnazaktine vistAravAnuM ane te mujaba AtmAne zubhAzubha rasAsvAda karAvavAnuM che. jyAre AtmA kaSAyarahitapaNe mAtra yogathI ja koI kAryanuM sevana kare che tyAre sthiti ane anubhAgabaMdhane tyAM avakAza raheto nathI tethI yogamAtrathI upArjana karelI prakRti ane pradezabaMdha mAtra zAtAvedanIya karma grahaNa kare che. paNa jyAre te yoga kaSAya vaDe anuraMjita thayelA hoya tyAre aneka prakRtiono baMdha vividha anubhAga rasa ane sthiti sahita thayA vinA raheto nathI. AtmA sAthe baMdhAyelI karmaprakRti jyAM sudhI phaLa ApavAne tatpara thatI nathI tyAM sudhInA kALane 'AbAdhA kALa' kahe che; ane te anudaya kALamAM te karmaprakRtimAM AtmA potAnI svasattA vaDe 'apakarSaNa' (nyUnatA), 'utkarSaNa' (Adhikya), 'saMkramaNa' (sajAtIya eka bheda maTI anya bhedarUpa thavuM) ke 'udayAbhAvI kSaya' (phaLa ApyA vinA karmanuM chUTI javuM) karI zake che; paNa ekavAra jyAre te karma phaLa ApavAne udayamAna thAya che tyAre te potAnuM saMpUrNa phaLa tenI niyata 'sthiti' ane 'anubhAga sahita ApyA vinA rahetuM nathI; ane te sthiti pUrI thatAM sudhI pratisamaya tene prakRtino udaya AvyA ja kare che. rasa' AtmA tenI sAMprata sthitimAM kaSAyabhAva vinA eka samaya paNa rahI zakato nathI - te 'kaSAyAtmA' che; jo eka samaya paNa te jo taddana akaSAyI thAya to te ja kSaNe, kaivalya' prApta thAya. vyakta ke avyakta kaSAyabhAva dazamA 'upazAMta' guNa

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto sthAna sudhI che ane tyAM sudhI azubha yoga vaDe pApAsava' hovAnuM jaina zAstramAM kahyuM che. A kaSAya vaDe AtmA pratyeka samaye AyuSyakarma sivAyanAM sAte karmonuM grahaNa kare che. AyuSno baMdha AkhA bhavamAM eka ja vAra thAya che, ane jyAre te thAya che tyAre te AkhI jiMdagInA sevelA zubhAzubha bhAvonA tAratamya anusAra baMdhAya che. kaSAyanA bahutvathI pApaprakRtinI sthitino baMdha ghaNo thAya che tethI deva tathA manuSya saMbaMdhI AyunI sthiti alpa baMdhAya che, jyAre tenA alpatvathI lAMbI baMdhAya che. ghAtI karmanI sarvaprakRtimAM ane aghAtI karmanI pApaprakRtimAM kaSAyanA alpatvathI anubhAgabaMdha alpa ane bahutvathI ghaNo thAya che; te ja pramANe puNya prakRtino anubhAgabaMdha kaSAyanI maMdatAthI vadhe ane bahutvathI nyUna thAya che. A prakAre kaSAyathI sthiti ane anubhAgabaMdhanuM svarUpa niyamAya che. yoga ane kaSAya ane te baMnethI karma para niyAmakatA yoganuM ati cAMcalya ane kaSAyanuM alpatva jyAM hoya tyAM sthiti ane anubhAgabaMdha nyUna hoya che, paNa yoga vaDe upArjana thayelI karmaprakRtino pradeza ghaNo vistAravALo hoya che, kemake pradezano niyAmaka yoga che. jevI rIte bhayAnaka rIte tUTI paDavAnI aNI para dekhAtAM jaLabhara vAdaLAMo ghaNA prasaMge thoDIvAra jharamara jharamara chAMTA nAMkhI vIkharAI jAya che; tyAM pradeza vistAravALo chatAM phaLa alpa jovAmAM Ave che; zarIra saMbaMdhI vedanIya prasaMgomAM aneka vakhate evuM bane che ke zILInAM cAThAM AkhA zarIre UThI nIkaLe che eTale vedanIya prakRtino pradeza-vistAra AkhA zarIra upara bahoLo jovAmAM Ave che paNa tenI sthiti alpa hoya che ane vedanIyanI ati maMdatA arthAt anubhAgabaMdha alpa hoya che. AvA prasaMge ema samajavAnuM che ke te prakAranuM karma upArjatI vakhate mAtra azubha yoganA cAMcalyanuM bahutva ane kaSAyanuM alpatva hovuM joIe. 124 ane jyAM kaSAyanuM bahulapaNuM ane yoganuM alpatva hoya che tyAM phaLadAnazakti ane sthitinuM tAratamya adhika hoya che. eka nAnI sarakhI phollI ghaNIvAra AkhA zarIramAM tIvra vedanA utpanna kare che ane anaika upacAra karavA chatAM maTatI nathI. ahIM pradezabaMdhanuM alpatva chatAM kapAyanI adhikatAnA baLe anubhAga ane sthiti vizeSa hoya che. A vAta vizeSa spaSTa karavA bIjAM dRSTAMta laIe. ghaNA manuSyo rAtadina manamAM ne manamAM tarkavitarkanA tAMtaNA vaNatA ane vikheratA hoya che ane sahejasAja prasaMgamAM bahu bolI bALavAnI TevavALA hoya che, temaja becenIne lIdhe tathA gammata khAtara ghaDIvAra jaMpIne na besatAM ahIMthI tahIM bhaTakyAM kare che. AvA manuSyomAM mana, vacana ane zarIranA yoganuM cAMcalya ghaNuM jovAmAM Ave che, paNa te yogamAM kapAyanuM bahutva hotuM nathI. teo bicArA bhoLAbhAve ahoniza yogapravRtti karyA karatA hoya che, chatAM tyAM temano bahu rAgabhAva hoto nathI. mAtra pramAda, anupayoga ane asaMyamIpaNAne lIdhe temanuM mana jUnA cIlAomAM cAle che. AvAmAM karmaprakRti upArjavAnI sAthe

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AtmAne karmano saMyoga kaSAyanA alpatvane lIdhe pradezanA pramANamAM sthiti ane rasabaMdha hoto nathI. keTalAka UlaTA evA manuSyo hoya che ke yuktithI ADaMbara zamI AMtiraka lAlasAo krodha, mAna, mAyA ane lobhathI mizrita rAkhI vyavahAra calAve che ke tenA aMtaranI khabara paDatI nathI ane taka Avye bhayaMkara nIvaDe che - zANA bagalAnI mAphaka uparathI saMyamavALA bhAvika lAge che. AvAmAM yogavRttinuM alpatva hoya che. ne tethI bIjAnuM - lokanuM mAna meLave che, paraMtu kaSAyanuM bAhulya hoya che. karma jaDa hovAthI AtmAne kema phaLa ApI zake ? karmane kevuM phaLa ApavuM enuM jJAna te jaDa hovAthI tene hotuM nathI. to te tenI yathAyogya prakRti pramANe kevI rIte pariNamI zake ? A zaMkAno uttara A rIte che H jaDa karmane tevA prakAranuM kazuM ja jJAna hotuM nathI, paraMtu karmanI phaLagarbhitA AtmAnI zakti vaDe ja banI Ave che. AtmAnA kaSAyabhAva vaDe ja te zakti jaDa karmaparamANumAM UpajelI hoya che. vAstavamAM karmonI phaLazakti e AtmAnI potAnI ja zakti che. sarpanuM viSa jene romeroma caDeluM che te manuSya para koI maMtrasiddha maMtrelI kAMkarIthI viSane utArI nAMkhe tyAM jema kAMkarImAM kazuM ja baLa nathI, paNa te kAMkarImAM AropAyelA maMtrInA AtmAnA sAmarthyano ja prabhAva che, tema ahIM paNa karmamAM vastutaH kazuM baLa nathI, paNa temAM AropAyelA AtmAnA rAgadveSanuM ja baLa che. rAgadveSa e AtmAmAMthI prakaTeluM eka sAmarthyavizeSa che ane tethI garbhita thayela karmavargaNA phaLa ApavA samartha thAya che. jyAre karmaprakRti tenuM viziSTa phaLa ApI rahe che tyAre te jaDapiMDa kAryaNa zarIranI sAthe ghaNIvAra agAunA jevuM ja joDAyeluM rahe che, chatAM te kazI hAni ke lAbha karI zakatuM nathI kAraNake phaLa ApyA pachI tenuM pANI baLa UtarI gayuM hoya che. 125 karmane pariNamAvanAra paNa koI jarUrI zakti hotI nathI, paNa je vakhate te karma AtmA sAthe baMdhAya che te kALe ja kyAre, kevI rIte, kevuM ane keTaluM phaLa ApavuM te badhA niyamono nizcaya thayelo ja hoya che. zarIramAM annano jaththo mokalyA pachI temAMthI poSaka dravya chUTuM pADavA mATe bIjI zakti mokalavAnI jarUra rahetI nathI, paNa badhuM niyamAnusAra svayaM ja banI Ave che. jema keTalAMeka auSadhomAM pote jaDa hovA chatAM tenI asara ghaNIvAra jiMdagI sudhI cAle che; vaLI jema keTalAMkamAM lohI sudhAravAno, jJAnataMtu baLavAna karavAno vagere vividha prakRtionA guNo hoya che, tema keTalAMka karmono udaya AkhI jiMdagI sudhI nabhanAra hoya che ane tenI vividha prakRti anusAra phaLa Avye jAya che. karmanI phalodaya pahelAMnI sthiti AtmAnA yoga ane kaSAyabhAvathI AkarSAyelo dravyakarmano samUha tenA udayakALaparyaMta - phalAbhimukha thayA pahelAM eTale anudayAvasthAmAM AtmAnI sAthe eka kSetrAvagAhapaNe rahe che. te anudayAvasthAmAM karma 'sattAmAM (in potential state) rahe che - arthAt teTalo kALa te phaLa ApavAne tatpara thayAM hotAM nathI - tenI 'zakti'

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126 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto (static energy) sthirapaNe mAtra phaLanA samayanI rAha jotI hoya che. vedAMtamAM karma saMcita, saMcIyamAna (ke kriyamANa) ane prArabdha mAnelAM che. saMcita karma eTale gata janmomAM bhegAM karelAM karma paNa jemaNe haju phaLa ApavAnI zarUAta nathI karI paNa ema ja paDyAM rahyAM che. prArabdha karma eTale je karmoe phaLa ApavAnI zarUAta karI che ane jemane lIdhe A vartamAna janma ane tenI paristhiti zakya banyAM che te. saMcIyamAna ke kriyamANa karma eTale A janmamAM je navAM karma ekaThAM karavAmAM AvI rahyAM che te. samyajJAna thatAM saMcita karma baLI jAya che arthAt temanAmAM phaLa ApavAnI zakti rahetI nathI. samyajJAna pachI ahaMtA-mamatA ke kartRtvano khyAla raheto nathI tethI jarUrI kriyAo karavA chatAM karmabaMdhana thatuM nathI ane kriyamANa karma jevuM rahetuM nathI. paraMtu prArabdhakarmoe phaLa ApavAnI zarUAta karI ja dIdhI che tethI temano kSaya to bhogathI ja thAya ane mATe jJAna thayA pachI paNa aihika jIvana keTaloka vakhata cAlu rahe che. ] vedAnta karmanI A avasthAne 'prArabdha' kahe che, jyAre jaina te ja avasthAne 'sattApaNe' kahe che. dhanuSya para caDhAveluM tIra choDavAmAM AvyuM nathI tyAM sudhI tIramAM je sattA rahelI che tene Static energy - sthira vIryanI saMjJA apAya che, arthAt tyAM zakti to che paNa te hajI 'udaya' rUpa.- vedAMta paribhASAmAM 'kriyamANa' rUpa thaI nathI, ane jyAM sudhI te zakti phalAbhimukha thaI nathI tyAM sudhI te zakti 'sattApaNe' rahelI che. tethI te zakti pheraphArane pAtra te avasthAmAM hoya che. kuMbhAre cAka para caDAvelA mATInA piMDane kevo AkAra Apavo, tenAmAM kevo pheraphAra karavo e kuMbhAranA potAnA hAthamAM che tema karmanI anudaya sthiti - sattA avasthAmAM tenuM parivartana ke pramANamAM nyUnAdhika karavAnuM svAtaMtrya AtmAe gumAveluM hotuM nathI. paraMtu kuMbhAra eka AkAra banAvI tene agnimAM pakAvyA pachI temAM pheraphAra karI zakato nathI tema AtmA paNa karmanA udayAvasthAnA samaya pachI temAM kazo paNa pheraphAra karI zakato nathI . karmanI rekha 52 mekha mAravAnuM AtmAnuM baLa mAtra karmanI 'sattA' avasthAmAM ja hoya che. te avasthAmAM zubha azubha karmanI sthiti ke anubhAga alpa hoya to tenuM 'utkarSaNa' karI temAM vRddhi karI zake che, te ja prakAre bahutvanuM alpatva karI zake che. sabaLa jAgrata AtmAo tema karI zake che. karmano phalodaya karma jyAre udayamAna thAya che tyAre te sAkSAtpaNe svayaM kAMIpaNa nipajAvI zakatuM nathI, paNa potAnI prakRti anusAra mAtra kArya thavAnuM nimitta racI Ape che. tenuM kArya ja nimittamAtra racI ApavAnuM che, bAkInuM kartavya AtmAne adhIna che. jo karmamAM nimitta ApavA pUruM pADavA uparAMta sattA hota eTale baLAtkArathI AtmAne tatprAyogya kartavyamAM joDavAnuM sAmarthya hota, to AtmAne traNe kAlamAM mokSano asaMbhava ja raheta ane pachI Izvara tIrthaMkara ane zAstrano Azaya niSphaLa jAta. karma nimitta pUruM pADI sattvahIna thAya che, pachI te nimittano lAbha levo ke nahi, te --

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AtmAne karmano saMyoga nimitta AtmAne je pravRttivizeSamAM joDavA lalacAve che temAM yojAvuM ke nahi tenuM svAtaMtrya AtmAne potAne hAtha che. jo potAnI svAbhAvika sattA adhikArano upayoga AtmA kare ane te nimittamAM na joDAya - tatprAyogya pravRttimAM na yojAya to karmanI udayamAna sattA tene sparzI zakatI nathI. - jJAnI ane ajJAnI, sabaLa ane nirbaLamAM taphAvata eTalo ja che ke jyAre jJAnI jano nimittathI raMgAvA kadI lalacAtA nathI, ane kadAca pUrve bAMdhelI karmaprakRtinA anubhAganA bAhulyathI lalacAya to paNa potAnI bhUla turata ja sudhArI le che, tyAre ajJAnI - nirbaLa AtmAo pratyeka kSudra nimittane vaza banI potAnuM svatva gumAve che, ane saMyogonA baLamAM tRNavat AmathI tema athaDAyAM kare che. puruSArthanI siddhi A vakhate ja che, A vakhate bhAvakarma ke jethI dravyakarma thAya che te na karavAM nimittanI AsaktimAM na paDavuM te saMsAranuM baMdhana zithila karavA ane Akhare toDI pADavAno eka ja amogha upAya che. 127 judAjudA samaye upArjelAM paraMtu eka ja kALe udayamAM AvavA yogya karmo jyAre udayamAna thAya che tyAre e sarvakarmanA anubhAganuM je ekatrita pramANa thAya teTaluM sAmaTuM phaLa te Ape che eTale e badhA aMzo ekasAthe niSpanna thAya che. tyAre te atyaMta tIvra phaLa Ape che. eka kALe upArjelAM karmono aneka samaye, ane aneka samaye bAMdhelAM karmono eka samaye paNa udaya Ave che; A karmo 52 vijaya meLavavo te para ja AtmabaLano AdhAra che. - upasaMhAra : AtmA ne karmano saMbaMdha traNa prakAre AtmA ne karmano saMbaMdha traNa judA prakArano che H (1) AtmAnA azuddha upayogarUpa pariNamana thato 'bhAvabaMdha' A baMdha arUpI sAthe arUpIno che arthAt pariNAma ane piraNAmIno che; ke jemAM karyAM paNa AtmA, ane pariNamana rUpa karma paNa AtmA che. (2) pudgalanI sAthe nUtana karmapudgala vargaNAno saMbaMdha. A saMbaMdha rUpInI sAthe rUpIno che. jIvanA pradezamAM eka kSetrAvagAhapaNe je pUrvabaddha vargaNA che temAM navI vargaNAnuM snigdha rukSabhAva vaDe AkarSAvuM te 'dravyabaMdha' ane (3) AtmAnI sAthe karmavargaNAno saMyogasaMbaMdha - e rUpI ane arUpIno saMbaMdha che. kAraNake AtmA arUpI ane karmavargaNA rUpI che. vAstavamAM 'nizcaya' naya vaDe pAramArthika dRSTie je baMdha che te prathama vargano azuddha athavA vibhAva pariNamanarUpa baMdha che. pariNAmIpaNuM e AtmAno svabhAva che; jyAre te nijadravyamAM pravartana choDI paradravyamAM pariName che tyAre potAno svabhAvasiddha pariNAma tyajI vizeSatAsahita pravarte che ane te vizeSa pariNAma e ja bhAvakarma che, e ja baMdhano hetu che, e ja saMsAranuM bIja che. te tajI potAnA svabhAvane AtmA bhaje che tyAre saMsArabIja bhasmIbhUta thatAM karmamaLathI mukta thAya che. vastutaH AtmA koI karmano kartA hoya to te mAtra A vibhAva pariNAma rUpa karmano ja karyAM che. te azuddha pariNAmanuM nimitta meLavI dravyakarma svayaM temAM praveze che, paraMtu tyAM kAMI AtmA

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128 karmane grahavAnA hetu vaDe grahato nathI. jema varSARtumAM jaLano bhUmi sAthe saMyoga thatAM te nimitta meLavI pudgala dravya potAnI zakti vaDe khAsa ane aMkura rUpe pariName che, tema AtmAnA vibhAva pariNAmanuM nimitta maLatAM te piraNAmane anurUpa karma prakRtirUpe pudgala dravya svayaM pariName che. pudgalasvabhAva ja karmanI vicitratAno hetu che. AtmA mAtra potAnA pariNAmano ja kartA che. nizcayathI AtmA pudgala karmano kartA nathI. alabatta tenA ja pariNAmavizeSanuM nimitta meLavI eka kSetrAvagAha pramANe rahelI jaDa vargaNA te AtmapariNAmane anurUpa jJAnAvaraNIyAdi karma prakRti rUpe rUpAMtara pAme che, paraMtu tema thavAmAM AtmA to mAtra nimitta ja che. jaLavRSTi e ghAsano kartA nathI te to potAnA patanarUpa karmane ja kare che, paNa ghAsa vagere te jaLanuM nimitta meLavI prakaTI Ave che. tyAM mAtra upacArathI athavA 'vyavahAra'thI te vRSTi ghAsa Adino karyAM kahevAya. vastutaH dravyakarmano kartA pudgala pote ja che, kAraNake koI dravyanA pariNamanamAM koI bIjuM dravya hAtha nAMkhatuM nathI, mAtra nimitta Ape che. A 'nizcayadRSTi' ane 'vyavahAradRSTi' potapotAnA pradezamAM ane potAnA judA dRSTibiMduthI sAcI che, paraMtu paramArthadRSTi - dravyAzrita pariNamana dRSTi - kAryakara ane mokSanA hetunI sAdhaka che. AtmA jyAM sudhI potAnA baMdhanA niyAmaka tarIke anya dravyane svIkAre che. (mithyAtva'mAM che) tyAM sudhI tenA svayaM puruSArthano avakAza raheto nathI, paraMtu jyAre te potAnA piraNAma vaDe ja pote baMdhAyAnuM svIkAre che - ane vAstavamAM che paNa temaja - tyAre te 'samyaktva' pAme che tyAre je pariNAmothI te baMdhAyo hoya che tenA virodhI pariNAmano Azraya laI baMdhaka pariNAmanI sattAne vikherI nAMkhe che ema karatAM, sarva karmathI mukta thatAM mokSapada prApta kare che. samyagdarzana -- jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto jainazAstramAM samyagdarzana, samyajJAna ane samyakcAritra e traNa hoya tyAre ja mokSanI prApti thAya che ema jaNAveluM che. AmAM samyagdarzananI vyAkhyA ApatAM umAsvAti potAnA tattvArthasUtramAM jaNAve che ke 'tattvArthazraddhAnuM samparzanam' tattvArthamAM zraddhAna te samyagdarzana. A saMsAramAM sarva prakAranAM duHkhanA bIjabhUta mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna, ane mithyAcAritra che, jyAre te sarvane bALI sukha ApanAra - sukhanA uccatama sthAne laI janA2 samyagdarzana, samyajJAna ane samyakcAritra che. mithyAdarzana TaLI jatAM jJAna ane cAritranuM mithyApaNuM nAza thaI javuM ja joIe e niyama che, tethI samyagdarzanane prathama sthAna ApavAmAM AveluM che. samyagdarzana e mokSanuM bIja che; te vagara jJAna ane cAritrarUpI jaLanuM game teTaluM siMcana karavAmAM Ave te nakAmuM che. eka samaya mAtrano samyagdarzanano sparza ApaNI icchA hoya ke anicchA hoya topaNa vadhAremAM vadhAre ardha pudgala parAvartana kALamAM mokSamAM laI jAya che evuM jainazAstramAM jaNAveluM che.

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samyagdarzana 129 vyAkhyA samyagdarzanano pratipakSI zabda mithyAdarzana che. A jIvane anAdi kALathI je karmasaMbaMdha che te karma paikInA darzanamoha nAmanA karmanA udayathI je atattvazraddhAna thAya che tene "mithyAdarzana' kahevAmAM Ave che. padArtha jevA rUpe avasthita che tevA rUpe teno nizcaya thavo e "samyagdarzana' che. ane jevA rUpe padArtha avasthita nathI tevA rUpe tenuM darzana thavuM - zraddhAna thavuM - viparIta abhiniveza thavo - tene mithyAdarzana - atattvazraddhAna kahevAmAM Ave che. darzana' zabdano artha sAmAnya rIte avalokana thAya che, paraMtu A sthaLe teno artha zraddhAna evo thaI zake, kAraNake sAmAnya avalokanarUpa kriyA kAMI saMsAranA mokSa jevA mahattvanA viSayamAM kAraNarUpa hovI ghaTatI nathI. tattvArtha zraddhAnamAM 'tattvano artha, je avasthAmAM padArtha avasthita che tevA prakAre hovApaNuM che ane teno je nizcaya karavAmAM Ave te "artha ane te baMnenI saMjJA jaNAvavA tattvArtha kahevAmAM Ave che. [tattvArtha=Reality evo artha thAya.] zraddhAna e mAnInatA nahi. tattvArtha zraddhAna upara jaina darzane atyaMta bhAra mUkyo che. khristI dharmamAM tene faith, bauddhamAM tene "bodhi' kahe che. biauddhamAM "sammA diDhi che. (bodhi nahI)] temaja anya sarva zAstroe prakArAMtare tenuM mahattva batAvyuM che. tenA upara ja mokSamArgano AdhAra che ema jaina darzana kahe che. A kALe zraddhAnano artha mAnInatA (belief) evo thato jovAmAM Ave che paraMtu tema nathI. zraddhA ane mAnInatA e joke eka ja vastunI kaLAo che, tathApi prathama utkRSTa ane bIjI nikaTa paMktinI che. zraddhAna e mAnInatAno paripAka che, te manuSyamAMthI devatva ane devatvamAMthI Izvaratva prakaTa karI zake che, jyAre mAnInatA phakta manuSyanA manano amuka prakArano bhAva ja (attitude of mind) sUcave che, ane koIpaNa prakAranA spaSTa phaLane prakaTa karI zakatI nathI. mAnInatA prAyaH sarvakALa eka sarakhI ja rahe che jyAre zraddhAnuM rUpAMtara ane anurUpa kArya vaheluMmoDuM thAya ja che. vastu svarUpa je prakAre zAstrakAre kahyuM che te pramANe zraddhavAmAM ane mAnavAmAM vizALa aMtara che. zraddhAna thatAMnI sAthe ja paryAyajJapti nAza pAmI svarUpajJaptimAM sthiti thAya che, arthAt huM zarIra nahi, paNa AtmA chuM' evuM aMtaranA marma bhAgamAM pratIta thAya che. mana, buddhi, Idriyo vageremAMthI mamatvabuddhino vilaya, zraddhAnanA udayanI sAthe thavo ja joIe. huM AtmA chuM, jaDathI asaMga chuM, mAruM ane pugalanuM svarUpa ekabIjAthI atyaMta bhinna che' ema ApaNane zAstrakAra zraddhAna karAve che ane e vAtanuM jo ApaNane zraddhAna thAya to ApaNA jIvanano krama A kSaNathI ja taddana pharI jaI navajIvanamAM praveza thavo joIe. je mamatvabuddhi zarIra, mana, buddhi, IkiyAdikamAM hoya te UThI jAya ane AtmAnA svarUpamAM avAya. paraMtu jo uparyukta vAtanI mAnyatA ja baMdhAya to tethI ApaNA jIvanamAM kazo mahattvano pheraphAra thato nathI. manuSyono moTo bhAga vastusvarUpane potAnI buddhinA dhoraNa upara kalpI teno te prakAre nizcaya

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130 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto kare che, paraMtu saMsAramokSa jevA agatyanA viSayamAM AvI bhramaNAthI jema bane tema turata mukta thavuM e dareka jainane Avazyaka che. jJAna-samyakatva A sthaLe evI zaMkA saMbhavita che ke vastasvarUpano saMpUrNa nizcaya to kevaLajJAna - sarvajJatA vinA thaI zake tema to nathI to pachI mithyA-darzanano tyAga ane vastusvarUpano sanizcaya kema thaI zake ? AnuM samAdhAna A rIte che. jainazAstra kahe che ke padArthanuM jJAna, ajJAna athavA viparIta jJAna to jJAnAvaraNIya karmanA kSayopazama upara AdhAra rAkhe che, paraMtu samyagdarzanano AdhAra to "darzanamohanIya' nAmanA "mohanIya karmanA kSayopazama ane upazama upara ja rahelo che. jJAnAvaraNIya karmanA kSayopazamathI prakaTa thayeluM jJAna - enuM nAma samyagdaSTi nathI, paraMtu prayojanabhUta padArthonuM jJAna ja samyagdaSTi kahevAya che. alabatta samyaktvaprApti mATe jJAnAvaraNIya karmanA kSayopazamanI apekSA che, paraMtu teTalo kSayopazama to sarva paMcedriya jIvone hoya ja che; topaNa te kSayopazama samyaktvanI prApti mATe sAkSAt hetubhUta thato nathI. zAstronAM zAstro mukhapATha karavAthI prApta kareluM jJAna prayojanabhUta padArthonA zraddhAna rahita hoya to mithyA ja che, ane saMsI tiryaMcAdikanA jJAnAvaraNIya karmano kSayopazama nyUna hoya to paNa prayojanabhUta padArthonA zraddhAna sahita hovAnA hetuthI te samyagdarzananA hetubhUta ja che. A uparathI jainazAstra kahe che ke jJAnAvaraNIya karmanA kSayopazamane anusarIne zraddhAnanI prApti nathI, paraMtu darzanamoha nAmanA mohanIya karmanA udayathI ja mithyAdarzana ane tenA nAzathI prayojanabhUta padArthonuM zraddhAna athavA samyakatva - samyagdarzana prApta thAya che. prayojanabhUta padArtha - sapta yA nava tattva A jagatamAM prayojanabhUta padArtha mAtra eka ja ane te e ja che ke sukhano yoga ane duHkhanI AtyaMtika nivRtti. te sivAya anya sarva koI padArtha aprayojanabhUta ane niSphaLa che. te prayojanabhUta vastunI siddhi mATe jIva-ajIva AdinA satya zraddhAnanI jarUra che; kAraNake jyAM sudhI pote koNa che ane para koNa che e jaNAyuM nathI tyAM sudhI sukhano upAya kone vAstu zodhAya ? mithyAtvanA yoge AtmA ane karmano saMyoga te "baMdha', ane baMdhanuM kAraNa "Asava' ane Amravano abhAva te 'saMvara' ane kathaMcita karmano abhAva te nirjarA' ane sarva karmanI nirjarA te "mokSa' - ema paraspara avalaMbanabhUta uttarottara sAta tattvonuM jJAna e ja prayojanabhUta jJAna che ane tenuM satya zraddhAna te samyagdarzana che. sarva duHkhanI nivRttino eka ja upAya che ane te upara jaNAvyAM te prayojanabhUta tattvonuM satya zraddhAna che. te vinAnuM jJAnAvaraNIya karmanA kSayopazamajanya jJAna ane judAjudA duSkara cAritra (tapAdi) aMkarahita zUnya jevAM niSphaLa che. 'puNya' ane "pApa' nAmanA tattvavizeSa baMdha tattvamAM samAya che, te jIva, ajIva, baMdha, Asava, saMvara, nirjaza ane mokSa e sAta tattvamAM umeratAM nava tattva thAya che, ane tethI tenuM paNa jJAna paraMparAe prayojanabhUta gaNI zakAya, kemake

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samyagdarzana 131 ' T 8 mA II 1 f walk MA sAmAnya karatAM vizeSa adhika baLavAna temaja satvara phaLane utpanna karanAra e pApapuNyano niyama che. bhrAMtino nAza e samyakatva uparokta prayojanabhUta jJAnanI prApti arthe sarva saMzI paMcendriya jIvo ane tiryaMcone je jJAnAvaraNIya karmanuM kSayopazama hoya che te karatAM vizeSanI kazI agatya nathI, ane te jJAnanI prApti mATe amuka prakAranI bhrAMti nivAravA sivAya bIjuM kazuM ja karavAnuM nathI. huM koNa chuM? mAruM svarUpa kevuM che ? huM jenA viSe mArApaNAno dAvo rAkhuM chuM te kharI rIte mAruM che ke kema ? A karmavargaNA konA saMbaMdhe che ? te rAkhavA yogya che ke pariharavA yogya che ? ItyAdi vastu zAstradRSTie vicAra karatAM prayojanabhUta jJAna uparanA AvaraNarUpa "bhrAMtino turata vilaya thAya che, ane te bhrAMti rahita svarUpa dazA ja zAstradaSTie samyakatva che. hiM koNa chuM ? kyAMthI thayo ? zuM svarUpa che mAruM kharuM ? konA saMbaMdhe vargaNA che ? rAkhuM ke e pariharuM ! - rAjacaMdra]. je kAMI kartRtva bhAse che te ApaNo dRSTidoSa che. atyaMta zAMti, akartRtva, acaLatA ane tevA ja niSkriya bhAvane sUcavanAra vidhAnonuM mokSakramamAM AdisthAna che. TUMkAmAM prayojanabhUta padArthonuM jJAna ja paraMparAe sarvajJatvane ApanAruM ane sarva prakAranI uccatama siddhinA padamAM sthApanAruM thAya che. zAstrabodha ane sarva zrutanuM sAphalya te sata (nava) tattvanA zraddhAnamAM ja che. vivekadaSTino udaya thatAM sarva prakAranI bhrAMti ApoApa samAI jAya che. bhrAMti A jagatamAM bhrAMtithI ja eka vastumAM anyatvano Aropa thAya che. AtmAmAM anAtmAno ane anAtmAmAM AtmAno Aropa temaja te AropanAM aneka prakAranAM svarUpo mAtra bhrAMtine laIne ja prakaTe che. AtmA uparathI bhrAMtinuM AvaraNa nyUna aMzamAM khasI javuM te ja samyakatva che. pachI A bhrAMtirahita thayela jUna aMza AtmAnA sarvAzane bhrAMtirahita pada - kaivalyanI kaTimAM lAvI mUke che. jema bIjano caMdramA kramekrame pUrNimAnA caMdramAM rUpAMtara pAme che tema bhrAMtinA vilayajanya bIjajJAna kamekrame kaivalyane - sarvajJatAne prApta thavA yogya che, ane eTalA ja mATe "samyakatva'ne zAstrakAre "bIjajJAna" e yogya rahasyamaya nAma Apela che. zrAMti zuM ane kevA prakAranI che ? anAdikALathI karmAvRta jIva karmanA nimittathI aneka paryAya dhAraNa kare che ane pratisamaya pUrvaparyAyane choDI navIna paryAyaparaMparAne dhAraNa karato jAya che ane te 1. bauddhomAM AtmA dareka kSaNe badalAya che evuM mAnavAmAM Ave che paraMtu je rIte teo ema mAnI AtmAno niSedha kare che te rIta temaja AtmAno niSedha jaino temaja anya darzano svIkAratAM nathI. pArakA* = '18 4 4 A 'F' ' kapa ke ' ' * * * * * * * *

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132 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto A rIte ke : - aneka pudgala paramANuvALA zarIramAM AtmA potApaNAno Aropa kare che, pudgalanA svAbhAvika dharmane - varNagaMdharasasparzAdikane potAnA dharma mAnI laI harSazoka ane rAgadveSanA DhaMDhamAM lapaTAya che, pulanA te dharma palaTe che, hAnivRddhi pAme che vagere je kriyA kare che tene potAnI svarUpa avasthArUpa mAnI le che. zarIra ane AtmAnA nimitta-naimittika saMbaMdhane svarUpasaMbaMdha mAnI laI ubhayanI saMyogarUpa kriyAne potAnI mAne che. dareka Idriya je kArya kare che te pote te vaDe kare che ema mAne che, arthAt karmanA nimittathI prApta thayelI IdriyonA dharmone potAnA dharmo mAne che ema aneka judAjudA paryAyamAM potAnI svabuddhino Aropa kare che. AthI AtmA rAgadveSathI raMgAI saMsArapravRttithI chUTI zakato nathI. mithyA zraddhAnathI - mithyAtvathI nitya vastune anitya ane anityane nitya mAne che. potAthI bhinnane potAthI abhinna mAne che, sukhanA kAraNane duHkhanuM kAraNa ane duHkhanA hetune sukhano hetu mAne che. AvA ayathArtha zraddhAnathI UpajatA mohanA udayathI udbhavelA kaSAyabhAvane AtmA potAno svabhAva mAne che. kaSAyabhAva potAnA jJAna-darzanopayogathI bhinna bhAsato nathI tenuM kAraNa e ja che ke mithyAtvano Asrava, jJAna ane darzana e traNeno AdhArabhUta AtmA che ane e traNenuM pariNamana eka ja samaye thatuM hovAthI tenuM bhinnapaNuM tene jaNAtuM nathI. A ja mithyAdarzana che. A mithyAtvajanya kaSAyabhAvanI AkuLatAne lIdhe A jIvane vartamAna samaye nimittabhUta padArthomAM sukhaduHkhadAtRtvanuM bhAna thayA kare che. potAnA mithyAtva kaSAyabhAvathI utpanna thayelA duHkhano Aropa, potAnI IcchAnusAra na pravartanAra padArthamAM kare che. vastutaH duHkha to krodhathI thAya che, paraMtu potAnA krodha kaSAyathI utpanna thayelA duHkhano hetu - krodhano hetu krodhanA nimittane mAnI le che; duHkha to lobha kaSAyathI thAya che, paraMtu te kaSAyajanya duHkhano Aropa aprApya vastumAM kare che. vastutaH te aprApya vastu tene duHkha ApavA AvatI nathI, chatAM bhramita manuSya tene potAnA duHkhano hetu mAne che. evI ja rIte anya kaSAyo mAna, mAyAthI utpanna thatAM duHkhane nimittathI utpanna thayelAM mAnI nimitta upara krodha kare che. duHkhanuM sthAna to kaSAya che. tenA upara pratikaSAya karavAne badale arthAtu krodha upasthita thatAM te pratye krodhasvabhAvatA darzAvavAne badale mAnanI sAme dInapaNAnuM mAna darzAvavAne badale, mAyA viruddha mAyA darzAvavAne ane te sivAyanA kaSAyo pratye pratikaSAya darzAvavAne badale mUrkha manuSya potAnA upara lAkaDIno prahAra karanArane nahi karaDatAM jenAthI prahAra thayo che tevI nimittabhUta lAkaDIne karaDavA doDanAra zvAnanA jevI ceSTA pratipaLa darzAve che. samyakatva AvI bhramavALI sthiti zAstrajanya vivekathI nivAravI te ja mumukSu jIvanuM prathama kartavya che; ane te kramano vilaya thatAM samyakatvano lAbha avazya thavA yogya che. A kALane viSe durlabha evuM samyaktva vivekadaSTie vicAratAM sAva sulabha che ane krame te prApta thavA yogya che. saMkSepamAM bhrAMtino vilaya e ja samyaktva ane tene jena zAstrakAre caturthaguNasthAne kahyuM che. te hoya to ja vratAdi phaladAyaka che.

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samyagdarzana samyaktva saMbaMdhe 67 bAbato Ane samyaktvanA 67 'bola' kahe che H te A pramANe che : 4 sahaNA (sazraddhA) rAkhavI 1. paramArtha saMstava parama rahasya paricaya. jIvAdi tattva-paramArthano vAraMvAra vicAra karavo, 2. paramArtha jJAtRsevanA te paramArthane jANanArAnI sevA, 3. vyApanna darzana varjana - jenuM darzana milana thayuM hoya yA hoya tevA kuguruno tyAga, 4. kudarzana varjana - ayathArtha darzana - dharmano tyAga. 3 liMga jenAthI samyaktva amukamAM che ke nahi, te vartI zakAya cihna. 1. zuzruSA - dharmazAstra sAMbhaLavAnI atyaMta ruci, 2. dharmarAga - dharma prApta karavAnI atyaMta abhilASA, 3. vaiyAvRtya zuddha deva, zuddha gurunuM vaiyAvRtya (sevAbhakti) atyaMta premathI sarva pramAda tajIne karavI te. 10 prakArano vinaya - 1. rAgadveSAdi rahita arihaMtano, 2. sarvakarmamaLa rahita siddhano, 3. jina caitya-derAsarano ke jyAM zAMtarasayukta jina mudrA hoya teno, 4. zruta siddhAMtano, 5. yatidharmano, 6. sAdhu vargano, 7. AcArya mahArAjano, 8. upAdhyAyano, 9. pravacana-saMghano, 10. samyaktvIno vinaya, bhakti (bAhya upacAra - auSadhAdi vaDe tathA vaMdananamaskAra vaDe), hRdayaprema (bahumAna), guNastuti, avaguNa DhAMkavA, AzAtanAtyAga (malinatAjanaka - nahi karavA yogya kAma tajavAM) e pAMca prakAre karavo. 3 zuddhi 1. manaHzuddhi (sarvajJa ane sarvajJanI AjJA satya mAnI mana zuddha rAkhavuM), 2. vacanazuddhi - iSTa siddhi mATe sarvajJa devanI bhakti che ema spaSTa uccAravuM, 3. kAyAzuddhi - sarvajJa devane ja namavuM. - 5 dUSaNa 1. zaMkA - sarvajJanAM padAdi saMbaMdhe vacanamAM saMdeha, 2. kAMkSA asat darzanInA rAgI thavuM. 3. vicikitsA dAna zIla tapa bhAvanArUpa dharmakRtyanA phalano ja saMdeha (zaMkA e padArtha saMbaMdhe che ane vicikitsA kriyAnA saMdeha saMbaMdhe che). 4. mithyAmati guNa varNanA - unmArgInAM vakhANa karavAM, 5 mithyAmati paricaya - unmArgIno paricaya. - 8 prakAre prabhAvanA - vizeSa prakAre dharmane dIpAvavo te prabhAvanA. te judIjudI ATha rIte thAya che ane te karanArane prabhAvaka kahe che. 1. prAvacanika -- zAstrapAragAmI thavuM, 2. dharmakathI - dharmopadezaka thavuM. 3. vAdI - tarkazAstramAM nipuNa thavuM, 4. naimittika - aSTAMga nimitta zAstramAM kuzaLatA prApta karavI, 5. tapasvI thavuM. 6. vidyAsAdhaka thavuM - pavitra AmnAya yukta maMtravidyAnI siddhi meLavavI, 7. siddha aMjana Adi yogamAM nipuNapaNuM pAmavuM, 8. kavi - dharmarahasyayukta camatkRtivALAM kAvya racavAmAM kuzala thavuM. 133 5 bhUSaNa - jethI samyaktva zobhe te. 1. devaguruvaMdana, vratapratyAkhyAnamAM kuzaLatA, 2. tIrthasevA 3. devagurubhakti 4. dharmanizcaLatA, pa. prabhAvanA - zAsananI unnati karavI. -

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134 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto 5 lakSaNa - 1. zama (upazama) - aparAdhI jIvanuM paNa ahita nahi karatAM banI zake to tenuM hita ja karavAno pariNAma. 2. saMvega - mokSasukhanI ja abhilASA, 3. nirveda - bhavavairAgya, 4. anukaMpA - duHkhIjanone sahAya ApavAnI - uddharavAnI buddhi, 5. AstikatA - sarvajJa kathita tattvo para pratIti. A samyaktvanAM lakSaNa che. 6 yatnA. (saMbha: 1) - kudeva kugurune 1. vaMdana (hAtha joDIne namaskAra), ra. namana (mastaka namADIne namavuM), 3. gauravabhakti (ISTa annAdika ApI bhakti dekhADavI.), 4. anupradAna (vAraMvAra tevuM dAna ApavuM), ane tenI sAthe 5. AlApa (aNabolAvyA vAtacIta karavI), 6. saMlApa (vAraMvAra vAtacIta karavI) karAya nahi te mATe saMbhALa rAkhavI. 6 AgAra (chUTa) - samyaktvamAM hRdayathI rahyA chatAM bAhyathI tenI viruddha AcaraNa cha jAtanAM kAraNa thAya to karavAnI chUTa ApelI che. 1. rAjAbhiyoga - rAjAnA hukamathI 2. gaNAbhiyoga - ghaNA lokonA kahevAthI 3. balAbhiyoga - cora pramukhanA bhayathI. 4. devAbhiyoga - kSetrapAlAdi devonA kAraNathI. 5. gurunigraha - mAtapitAdi vaDIlonA ati AgrahathI 6. bhISaNa kAMtAravRtti - AjIvikAno anya rasto na hovAthI anyathA AcaravuM paDe to mithyAtva na lAge. 6 bhAvanA 1. samyakatvamUla bhAvanA - samyakatva e dharmavRkSanuM mULa che. 2. samyaktvadvAra bhAvanA - te dharmanagaranuM dvAra che. 3. samyaktvapITha bhAvanA - te dharma mahelano pAyo che. 4. samyaktva nidhAna bhAvanA - te samasta guNanuM nidhAna che. 5. samyatva AdhAra bhAvanA - te samasta guNano AdhAra. 6. samyakatvabhAjana bhAvanA - te samyakatva mRta-zIlAdika dharmanuM bhAjana che - Ama hRdayamAM bhAvI samyakatva guNanuM mAhAmya vicAravuM. 6 sthAnaka - 1. AtmA (cetanA lakSaNavaMta) che, 2. AtmA nitya che, 3. AtmA (karmano) kartA che, 4. AtmA (karmano) bhoktA che, 5. mokSa che ane 6. mokSano upAya che. - A chellAM cha sthAnakamAM Akho AtmavAda che ane te A pachInA prakaraNamAM ghaNA vistArathI caryo che. AtmavAda - AtmAnuM svarUpa (samyakatvanAM 6 sthAnaka) [A viSayanuM lekhake kareluM vivaraNa zrImad rAjacaMdranA "AtmasiddhizAstrane AdhAre karavAmAM AvyuM che. AtmA che, te nitya che, che kartA nija karma, che bhoktA, vaLI mokSa che, mokSa upAya sudharma." (kaDI 43) ane AgaLa zrImad rAjacaMdra A krame ja padyabaddha carcA karI che. ziSya zaMkA kare che ane guru enuM samAdhAna kare che.] AtmAnA arthane - svarUpane - paramArthane samajAvavA mATe zramaNa bhagavAna zrI

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AtmavAda - AtmAnuM svarUpa (samyakatvanAM 6 sthAnaka) 135 mahAvIre 'AtmA che', 'AtmA nitya che, 'AtmA karmano kartA che, 'AtmA karmano bhoktA che', "AtmAno mokSa che', "mokSano upAya paNa che' - A SaTrapadI yojanA mumukSanA siddhAMtane - anekAMta ane sakala darzananA mUlatulya karela che. 1. AtmA che. koI ema zaMkA kare che ke "AtmA daSTimAM Avato nathI, ke tenuM bIjuM kaMI rUpa jaNAtuM nathI, athavA spardhAdi bIjA anubhavathI paNa jaNAto nathI; mATe AtmA athavA jIvanuM hovApaNuM saMbhavatuM nathI; arthAt jIva nathI." AnA uttaramAM jaNAvavAnuM ke dareka prANIne zarIra hoya che ane te zarIrane Idriyo hoya che. keTalAka zarIrI jIvane eka, be, traNa, cAra ke pAMca Idriya (sparza, cakSu, karNa, rasanA, nAsA) hoya che. have A pAMca IdriyanA vyApAra - aDavAnA, cAkhavAnA, gaMdha levAnA, jovAnA ane sAMbhaLavAnA vyApAra te pAMca IdriyathI para - atIndriya vastu na hoya to thaI zakatA nathI, tema thaI zakatA hota to maraNa pAmelA zarIramAM sarva Idriya hovA chatAM temAMthI sarva vyApAra thaI zakata; paNa te thaI zakatA nathI tethI prANImAtra pAse eka evI vastu che ke te vastunI jyAM sudhI dehamAM pratyakSa pratIti jaNAya che tyAM sudhI manuSyanuM mana manana karI zake che, citta ciMtavana karI zake che, buddhi nizcaya karI zake che, ahaMkAra huMpaNuM kare che, tvacA sparza karI zake che, jIbha rasa cAkhI zake che, nAsikA gaMdha laI zake che, cakSu joI zake che, ane zrotra sAMbhaLI zake che - TUMkAmAM mAnasika ane zArIrika sarva vyApAra tyAM sudhI ja cAle che ke jyAM sudhI zarIramAM eka alaukika padArtha hoya ke je padArtha tirodhAna thatAM, aMtardhAna thatAM ke anya sthaLe jatAM sarva prakAranA zArIrika ane mAnasika vyApAro baMdha paDe che, ane jenA AvirbhAvathI sarva vyApAro vyApArarUpe pratIta thAya che te zarIrathI bhinna padArthane zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIre AtmA e nAmathI kahyo che. anya saMpradAya-pravartakone (cArvAka sivAya) e ja mAnya che. AtmA zuM che ? koI ema kahe che ke deha ja AtmA che, athavA Idriyo, prANa ke zvAsocchavAsa che te ja AtmA che. e sivAya anya koI AtmA mAnavAnuM kAraNa nathI, kemake kaMI bIjuM cihna jaNAtuM nathI; vaLe jo AtmA hoya to jema ghaTapaTAdi padArtho jaNAya che tema te AtmA jaNAvo joIe; ane jyAre tema te jaNAto nathI to AtmAnuM hovApaNuM nathI. AnA uttaramAM jaNAvavAnuM ke anAdikALathI ajJAnane laIne ApaNane dehano paricaya che - dehAdhyAsa che tethI AtmA deha jevo bhAse che, paraMtu jema taravAra ane mAna baMne sAthe chatAM judAM che tema AtmA ane deha judA che; kemake baMnenAM judAM judAM lakSaNo jaNAya che. AtmA AMkhathI joI zakAvA yogya nathI kemake e to AMkhano paNa jonAra che. AtmA bhUla-sUkSmAdi rUpane jANanAra padArtha che. vaLI sarveno bAdha karatAM koIpaNa prakAre jeno bAdha thaI zakato nathI evo je bAkI anubhava rahe che te

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136, jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto ja AtmA che. tAtparya ke deha athavA tenA pratyeka avayavanA daSTAMta tarIke jJAnaguNadhAraka koI eka padArtha anubhavAya che paraMtu te jJAnaguNadhAraka padArthane jonAra tarIke koIpaNa bIjo padArtha anubhavAto nathI. tvacA Adi pAMce Idriyo potapotAnA viSaya pramANe koI eka asAdhAraNa padArthathI prerAya che, paraMtu temAMnI eke Idriya, potAnA viSaya sivAya - joke potAno viSaya paNa AtmA vinA anubhavatI nathI - bIjI IdriyanA viSayane anubhavatI nathI, jyAre e AtmA e pAMce IdriyonA viSayane jANe che. A je jANanAra padArtha te ja AtmA che. AtmAne deha ke Idriyo athavA zvAsocchavAsarUpa prANa jANI zakatA nathI, paraMtu te sau AtmAnI sattApUrvaka pravarte che; jo AtmAnI sattAnI preraNA na hoya to dehAdi sarva jaDapaNe paDyAM rahe che. AvI jenI asAdhAraNatA che te "AtmA' che. jAgatAM hoIe ke svapnamAM hoIe ke nidrAdhIna hoIe paraMtu tyAre paNa AtmA te-te avasthAothI judo ja jovAmAM Ave che, kAraNake nidrAmAM svapnamAM hovA chatAM paNa te nidrAdi avasthAone jANanAra koIka padArtha che ema sarvano anubhava che. Avo jANanAra je padArtha te caitanyamaya che ane je caitanyamaya svabhAvavALo padArtha che te ja AtmA' che. vaLI jo jJAnaguNa e dehano dharma hoya to durbaLa dehamAM parama jJAnabuddhi jovAmAM Ave che ane skUladehamAM alpajJAna-buddhi paNa jovAmAM Ave che tevuM thavuM na joIe. A kAraNe paNa dehano guNa jJAna nathI paraMtu koI eka anya padArthano te guNa-jJAna che. ane te anya padArtha te ja "AtmA' che. koIpaNa kALe - koIpaNa prayoge - jemAM jANavAno svabhAva utpanna thaI zakato nathI te jaDa; ane je sarvadA jANavAnA svabhAvasahita che te cetana. AvA baMne bhinna bhinna svabhAvavALA jaDa ane cetana baMne ekatA pAmI na zake, mATe baMne bhinna che. vaLI "AtmA nathI" enI zaMkA karanAra "AtmA' pote ja che kAraNa ke zaMkA e matijJAnathI thAya che. AtmAnuM lakSaNa cetanA - jJAna che. zrImad bhAgavatakAra paNa kahe che ke jene vetayate je vaDe vizva - deha cetIbhUta thAya che te AtmA che. yadi zaMkA thAya ke deha e jaDasaMyogathI banela che. temAMnA koI saMyogathI deha cetIbhUta thAya che ane te saMyogamAM khAmI AvavAthI jaDa deha te jaDarUpe - zabarUpe jaNAya che, tethI vAstavamAM AtmA evI cIja saMbhavI zake nahIM. AvuM keTalAka mata mAne che. dAkhalA tarIke cArvAka Adi keTalAka matavAdI ema mAne che ke pRthvI, apu. teja, vAyu ane AkAza e paMca mahAbhUtanA saMyoge cetanA utpanna thaI hoya evo bhAsa thAya che, jyAre vAstavika rIte cetananI vyakti judI che ja nahIM. paMcamahAbhUtano saMyoga maTI jAya eTale pAchuM jema hatuM tema thaI jAya che ema bhUtavAdI' kahe che. Ano pratyuttara e che ke dazyano draSTA dazyathI bhinna ja hoya che. gRhamAM rahenAra draSTA kahe ke "A dazya te gRha mAruM che' to temAM gRhathI (dazyathI) temAM rahenAra draSTA) judo che. tevI ja rIte deharUpa dazyano draSTA paNa dehathI bhinna che. nyAyazAstra pramANe draSTA ane dezya eka ja hoI zake nahIM, mATe je dehano draSTA che te dehathI bhinna che, ane te draSTAne zAstrakAre "AtmA' e nAma Apela che. vaLI sajAti sajAtinA

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AtmavAda - AtmAnuM svarUpa (samyakatvanAM 6 sthAnaka) 137 saMyogathI je nUtana padArtha bane te paNa sajAti ja thAya, paNa vijAti kadIpaNa bane ja nahIM, tema sajAti eTale jaDa jAti evAM je paMcabhUto temanA asaraparasa saMmelanathI nUtana padArtha bane te jaDa ja bane, paNa caitanya to trikAlamAM paNa banI zake nahi, banI zakyuM nathI ane banI zakaze nahIM : arthAt jaDadehathI teno drA je AtmA te kevala bhinna che. zArIrika ane mAnasika pravRtti thaI zake che te caitanya che - te ja AtmA che. e AtmA sau saunI pAse eTale sau sau rUpa ja che e samajAvavA mATe bhUla buddhine upadezavA zrI nAnake kahyuM che ke : kahata guru nAnaka guru pratApase, bolI rahyo so dujo nahi." - eTale je zakti vaDe bolI zakAya che te zakti te ja svayaM AtmA che. AtmAnuM bIjuM nAma "caitanya - cetanavALo - jANanAra che. deha zuM che ? - deha che te jIvane mAtra saMyogasaMbaMdhe che, paNa jIvanuM mULa svarUpa utpanna thavAnuM kaMI te kAraNa nathI, athavA deha che te mAtra saMyogathI utpanna thayelo evo padArtha che. vaLI te jaDa che eTale acetana che - koIne jANato nathI, potAne jANato nathI to pachI bIjAne zuM jANe ? vaLI deha rUpI che, zUlAdi svabhAvavALo che, ane cakSuno viSaya che, e prakAre dehanuM svarUpa che. to te cetananAM utpatti ane layane zI rIte jANe ? arthAt te potAne jANato nathI to 'mArAthI A cetana utpanna thayuM che' ema zI rIte jANe ? ane "mArA chUTI javA pachI - nAza thavA pachI A cetana chUTI jaze - nAza pAmaze' ema jaDa evo deha zI rIte jANe ? kemake jANanAro padArtha to jANanAra ja rahe che, deha jANanAra thaI zakato nathI, to paNa cetananAM utpatti-layano anubhava kene vaza che ema kahevuM ? dehane vaza che ema kahevAya evuM che ja nahi, kemake te pratyakSa jaDa che, ane tenuM jaDapaNuM jANanAro evo tethI bhinna bIjo padArtha paNa samajAya che. jo kadI ema kahIe ke cetananAM utpatti, laya cetana jANe che to te vAta bolatAM ja cetanano svIkAra thaI gayo. deha rUpI che, jyAre AtmA tethI bhinna svabhAvavALo arUpI che. zrI mahAvIre kavi pattA - arUpI eTale nirAkAra kahe che ane tethI ja tene amukanA jevo che ema upamA ApI zakAya tema nathI arthAt te anupama che. upamA e tarka tathA vANIno viSaya che tethI tarko jyAM jatA nathI ane mati tene grahaNa karI zakatI nathI ema mahAvIre jaNAvela che. AtmA tenA zuddha svarUpamAM paramAtmA che. te vibhu eTale piMDarUpa brahmAMDamAM vyApaka, sat cidAnaMda, arUpa ane adbhuta che. e AtmasvarUpa anAdi anaMta hoI zrata kahe che ke te Adi madhya ane aMtarahita eka ja che. te AtmA sakala sukhanidhAna che. saMkSepamAM te AtmA sakalasukhanidhAna che. sakala jJAna ane sakalakriyA e jo AtmA zuM che A vicAra mATe karavAmAM 1. tada naW T vijJati mati tA hatA - AnI sAthe sarakhAvo tyamavyavatamanaMtai - AtmA aciMtya, avyakta ane anaMtarUpa che. - atharvaveda kaivalyopaniSadranI yuti. vAvya vimutyamasaMghanAgheM - bhaktAmara stotra. 5 .

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto Ave to te saphaLa che ema zrI jinano siddhAMta che. e darzAvavA mATe ja AcArAMga sUtramAM jaNAvela che ke, je eka jANe che te sarva jANe che : je sarva jANe che te eka jANe che' - arthAt je eka vastune tenA sarva paryAyathI jANe che te nakkI sarvane jANe che, kAraNake sarvajJAna vinA vivakSita evI eka vastune svapara paryAyabhedathI bhinna karIne tenAM sarva rUpe samajavI e azakya che; je sarvane sarvarUpe sAkSAt jANe che, te ekane paNa svapara paryAyabhedathI bhinna rUpe, yathArtha jANe che - te pramANe eka AtmAne je jANe te sarvane jANe. sakala kriyAo vagerenI pravRtti kevala eka AtmAne jANavA mATe ja che. jyAre e prakArathI AtmAne jANavAmAM Ave che tyAre jaNAya che ke AtmA e Izvara che ane te sau saunI pAse che. 138 A rIte paMcabhUtavAdI cArvAka ane nairAtmyavAdI bauddhathI jaina judA paDe che. bauddhano nairAtmyavAda (sarvananAbham) bauddha darzana saMbaMdhe A ja graMthamAM lakheluM che te parathI samajAze. 2. AtmA nitya che. AtmAnuM nizcaya svarUpa avinAzI che eTale nitya - traNe kALa rahevAvALuM che, sat che. paryAyadRSTie jotAM jIva manuSya, tiryaMca Adi aneka gati leto vyavahAramAM jovAmAM Ave che tethI tene anitya rUpa mAnI zakAya tema che. jaino syAdvAdI jIvane nityAnityarUpa - sadasadrUpa mAne che, ekAMta nitya ke ekAMta anitya mAnatA nathI. dehanA yogathI eTale dehanA janma sAthe te janme che ane dehanA viyoge eTale dehanA nAzathI te nAza pAme che e zaMkAnuM samAdhAna upara ApaNe karI gayA chIe eTale te parathI dehathI bhinna evo AtmA siddha karyo che. AtmA deha tathA dehanA saMyogIne jue che ane jANe che; tethI te saMyogothI bhinna che, draSTA che jJAtA che, ane deha ane saMyogo dRzya che. AthI koIpaNa saMyogathI anubhavasvarUpa evo AtmA utpanna thaI zakavA yogya nathI ema jaNAze. jIvane koIpaNa saMyoga jANatA nathI, jyAre jIva te sarva saMyogone jANe che; e ja jIvanuM judApaNuM ane saMyogothI utpanna nahi thavApaNuM sahasiddha kare che. koIpaNa saMyogathI je utpanna thayuM na hoya arthAt je padArtha potAnA svabhAvathI ja siddha hoya teno laya bIjA koIpaNa padArthamAM thAya nahi ane jo bIjA padArthamAM teno laya thato hoya, to temAMthI tenI prathama utpatti thavI joItI hatI, nahi to temAM tenI layarUpa ekatA thAya nahi, mATe AtmA anutpanna ane avinAzIM - nitya che e pratItimAM Ave tema che. sarvamAM janmathI krodhanuM vizeSapaNuM jovAmAM Ave che, pArevAne vize janmathI ja nihi~sakapaNuM hoya che. mAMkaDa Adi jaMtuone pakaDatAM tene bhavya saMjJA thAya che tethI te nAsI javAno prayatna kare che; koIka prANImAM janmathI prItinuM, koIkamAM samatAnuM, koIkamAM nirbhayatAnuM, koImAM bhaya saMjJAnuM ema vizeSapaNuM jovAmAM Ave che. A bheda eTale krodhAdi saMjJAnA nyUnAdhikapaNA AdithI, temaja te-te prakRtio janmathI sahacArIpaNe rahelI jovAmAM Ave che tethI, tenuM kAraNa pUrvanA saMskAro ja saMbhave che.

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AtmavAda - AtmAnuM svarUpa (samyakatvanAM 6 sthAnaka) 139 kadApi koI ema kahe ke garbhamAM vIrya ane retanA guNanA yogathI te-te prakAranA guNo utpanna thAya che, paNa temAM pUrvajanma kaMI kAraNabhUta nathI. A kathana yathArtha nathI, kAraNa ke je mAbApo kAmane vize vizeSa prItivALAM hoya che tenA putro parama vItarAga jevA bALapaNathI ja jovAmAM Ave che, ane vaLI je mAbApomAM krodhanuM vizeSaNapaNuM jovAmAM Ave che tenI saMtatimAM samatAnuM vizeSapaNuM daSTigocara thAya che te zI rIte thAya ? vaLI te vIryaratanA tevA guNo saMbhavatA nathI, kemake te vIryarata pote cetana nathI, paNa temAM saMcare che eTale deha dhAraNa kare che, ethI karIne vIryaratane Azraye krodhAdi bhAva gaNI zakAya nahi. cetana vinA koIpaNa sthaLe tevA bhAvo anubhavamAM AvatA nathI, mAtra te cetanAzrita che, eTale te vIryaratanA guNo nathI. Ama hovAthI tenA jUnAdhikyathI krodhAdinuM nyUnAdhikapaNuM mukhyapaNe thaI zakavA yogya nathI. cetananA ochA adhikA prayogathI krodhAdinuM cUnAdhikapaNuM thAya che. tethI krodhAdika garbhanA viyaratano guNa nahi paNa cetanano te guNane Azraya che, ane tenuM jUnAdhikapaNuM te cetananA pUrvanA abhyAsathI ja saMbhave che, kemake kAraNa vinA kAryanI utpatti na thAya, cetanano pUrvaprayoga tathA prakAre hoya to te saMskAra varte. AthI A dehAdi prathamanA saMskArono anubhava thAya che ane te saMskAro pUrvajanma siddha kare che, ane pUrvajanmanI siddhithI AtmAnI nityatA sahaje siddha thAya che. jo AtmA nitya na hoya to bAla, yuvAna ane vRddha evI zarIranI traNa avasthA badalAya che, paraMtu AtmA to teno te ja rahe che tema na bane. AtmA eno e ja rahe che tenuM e pramANa che ke bALavayamAM thayelo anubhava, yuvAvayamAM smRtimAM rahelo jovAmAM Ave che, ane yuvAvasthAmAM thayelo anubhava vRddhAvasthAmAM smRtimAM rahelo anubhavAya che. jo AtmA eka nitya vastu na hoya to tema na bane. eTale jema bauddho mAne che tema AtmA kSaNekSaNe badalAto hoya to eka avasthAmAM thayelo anubhava bIjI avasthAmAM smaraNamAM na rahevo joIe. A kAraNathI AtmA "kSaNika nahi, paNa 'nitya' che ema spaSTa jaNAya che. eka vacana bolavA pahelAM teno vicAra karavo paDe che. je kSaNe vicAra karavo paDe che te ja kSaNe te vicAra bolAto nathI; arthAtu paheluM vicAravuM ane pachI bolavuM thAya che. jo bolanAra, vicAra karatI veLA eno e ja na hoya, to teNe je vicAra karyo hoya che te rUpa anubhava bolatI vakhate te vicAra darzAvI kema zake ? A uparAMta eka evo siddhAMta che ke koIpaNa vastuno koIpaNa kAle (nizcayathI) sarvathA nAza thAya nahi, ke koIpaNa vastunI koIpaNa kAle utpatti thAya nahi, mAtra avasthAMtara thAya. jemake mATIno ghaDo phUTatAM tenA sUkSmamAM sUkSma kaTakA karI raja karavAmAM Ave to paNa mATInA paramANu je mUla samUhamAM hatA te chUTA chUTA thayA 1. ahIM Law of Heredity (vaMzaparaMparA guNadoSa uttarottara Utare che) evo pAzcAtya philasUphIno eka siddhAMta sUcavavAmAM Avela che. 2. pAzcAtya vijJAnavidyAno evo ja eka siddhAMta che ke "Nothing is produced and nothing is destroyed" - koIpaNa utpanna thatuM nathI. ane kAMIpaNa nAza pAmatuM nathI."

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140 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta ItihAsa ane siddhAMto pachI paNa tenA te ja rahe che. pUrvajanma - upara kahyuM tema pUrvajanma AtmAnI nityatA siddha kare che. nitya eTale pUrvakALamAM, vartamAnakALamAM ane bhaviSyakALamAM hovApaNuM. to have pUrvajanma saMbaMdhe jaina darzana zuM kahe che te kahIe : pUrvajanmanA smaraNane "jAtismaraNa (jAti-janma. tenI smRti) e nAma Apela che ane jena darzanamAM kahyuM ke jAtismaraNa brahmacarya, tapa, sazAstrAdhyayana, vidyAmaMtrAdi, sattIrthasevana, mAtApitAnI samyak sevA, Aturane auSadhadAna, devaprAsAdAdino uddhAra - eTalAMthI thAya che. jema eka sthAnathI bIje sthAna javAya che tema paralokathI A lokamAM AvavuM thAya che. ahIM ema zaMkA karavAmAM Ave ke eka sthAnathI anya sthAne jatAM smRti rahe che tema pUrvajanmanI smRti rahetI nathI, to kahevAnuM ke unmAda eTale moha tathA graha ene bhUtAdi saMnivezane lIdhe jema samagra anubhavanI smRti vizeSarUpe rahetI nathI, temaja sarvane eka sthAnathI anya sthAne jatAM rahetI nathI. te ja rIte punarjanma saMbaMdhe thAya che. bAkI sAmAnya rUpe pUrvajanmanI smRti rahe che. vAraMvAra eTale janmojanma teno te abhyAsa thavAthI prANImAtra janmatAM vAra ja stanapAnAdi prati AkAMkSA rAkhe che ne temAM ApoApa pravRtta ja thaI jAya che - e pUrvajanmanA anubhavanI smRtinuM pratyakSa pramANa che. A hetu asiddha paNa nathI, kAraNake dUdha pAvAthI bALaka rotuM baMdha thAya che. AkAMkSA je padArthano pahelo anubhava karyo hoya tenI ja thAya che. vaLI koI kahe ke svapna thayA pachI jAgrata avasthAmAM ema smaraNa rahe che ke amuka svapna thayuM hatuM tema A janmanA anubhavanuM kAraNa pUrvajanmanA anubhava che evuM anusaMdhAna thatuM nathI. to tenuM samAdhAna e che ke jAgratanA abhyAsane lIdhe svapnamAM je vRtti - jJAna thAya che te amuka anubhavanI A smRti che evI viziSTa smRtirUpe sarvadA jJAna rahetuM nathI. tema jAgratamAM paNa svapnAnubhavanuM viziSTa smRtirUpe sarvadA jJAna thatuM nathI, to punarjanmanA saMbaMdhamAM tevuM kyAMthI thAya ? vaLI aneka mahAtmAone jAtismaraNa jJAna thayela che ane adyApi paNa kvacitu. kvacit thAya che evuM samAcArapatrothI ApaNe jANIe chIe. athavA aneka manuSya maraNa pAmI bhUtAdika devayonimAM utpanna thAya che ane te potAne pUrvamanuSyabhavamAMthI te yonimAM utpanna thayela batAve che. A saMbaMdhe paNa aneka lekha samAcArapatromAM AvyA che. A sarvanuM samAdhAna e rIte che ke jIva temaja anya sarva dravyomAM astitva nAmano eka sAmAnya guNa che. te guNanuM e kArya che ke je dravya che te hamezAM che che ne che ane haMmeza raheze; arthAt sat (Existence)no kadIpaNa vinAza (nonexistence) thato nathI. ane asat (nonexistence) no kadIpaNa utpAda (Existence) thato nathI. saMsAramAM je padArthonA utpAda ane vinAza thatA jovAmAM Ave che te mAtra avasthAMtara che ane te ja daSTie AtmA paNa judAjudA dehadhArI judAjudA jIva kare

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AtmavAda - AtmAnuM svarUpa (samyakatvanAM 6 sthAnaka) 141 che tethI tene "anitya" paNa te daSTie kahevAmAM virodha nathI. ghaTano vinAza ane ghaTanI utpattino artha e che ke mATI dravya eka AkArathI bIjA AkAramAM gayuM. pahelAM mATI dravya piMDAkAramAM hatuM te ghaTAkAra thayuM tyAre ghaTotpatti kahevAmAM Ave che, ane ghaTAkArane choDI kapAlAkAra (ThIMkarA AkAra)mAM AvyuM tene ghaTano vinAza kahevAmAM Ave che. vAstavamAM koI padArtha naSTa thato nathI tema koI padArtha utpanna thato nathI. 3. AtmA karmano kartA che vyavahAranayathI AtmA pudgalakarma Adino - jJAnAvaraNa Adi dravyakarmono tathA Adi eTale audArika, vaikriyaka, AhArakarUpa traNa zarIra ane AhAra Adi cha paryAptine yogya je pugala piMDarUpa che teno karyA che ane te ja rIte bAhya viSaya ghaTa paTa Adino kartA jIva che. nizcayanayathI A AtmA cetana-karmano kartA che eTaleke rAgadveSarUpa bhAvakarmano kartA che. ane zuddha nathI anaMtajJAna, sukha Adi zuddhabhAvono chaghastha avasthAmAM ekadeza kattA AtmA che jyAre muktadazAmAM anaMtajJAnAdi zuddhabhAvono kartA che. jIva karmano kartA nathI, paNa karma pote ja karmano kartA che, athavA te karma anAyAse thayA kare che, kAraNake jo ema na svIkArIe to jIvano karma e dharma - svabhAva ja thaI jAya ane tema thaye jIva kadIpaNa karmathI nivRtta na ja thAya kAraNa ke dharmImAM hamezAM dharma nityapaNe hoya che. A zaMkAnuM nivAraNa e che ke cetananI preraNAthI ja karmanuM grahaNa thAya che. jo tevI preraNA na hoya to karma koNa grahaNa kare ? preraNApaNe grahaNa karAvA rUpa svabhAva jaDano che ja nahi. ane jo ema hoya to ghaTa, paTAdi paNa krodhAdi bhAvamAM pariNamavA joIe ane karmanA grahaNakartA hovA joIe, paNa tevo anubhava to koIne kyAre paNa thato nathI, jethI cetana eTale jIva karma grahaNa kahe che ema siddha thAya che. preraNArUpa pravRtti cetanamAM che, paNa kAMI jaDa padArthamAM - karmamAM te svabhAva nathI. ane jo svabhAva na hoya to tenuM pariNAma paNa thAya nahi. tethI jaDakarmamAM preraNArUpa dharma nahi hovAthI te-te rIte grahaNa karavAne asamartha che ane karmanuM karavApaNuM jIvane che, kemake tene viSe preraNA zakti che tethI karmano kartA karma kahevAya nahi. vaLI kama anAyAsathI thAya che ke nahi te vicArIe. anAyAsa eTale zuM ? (1) AtmAe nahi ciMtaveluM athavA (2) AtmAnuM kaMIpaNa kartutva hovA chatAM pravarteluM nahi ? AtmAnuM kaMIpaNa kartutva na hovA chatAM pravartatuM ? (3) athavA IzvarAdi koI karma vaLagADI de tethI thayeluM ? athavA (4) prakRti parANe vaLage tethI thayeluM ? (1) prathama vikalpa AtmAe nahi ciMtaveluM evo che. jo tema thatuM hoya to to karmanuM grahavApaNuM rahetuM ja nathI ane jyAM grahavApaNuM rahe nahi tyAM kamanuM hovApaNuM saMbhavatuM nathI, ane jIva to pratyakSa ciMtavana kare che ane grahaNagrahaNa kare che-ema anubhava thAya che. (2) jemAM te koIpaNa rIte pravartato ja nathI tevA krodhAdibhAva tene saMprApta thatA ja nathI, tethI ema jaNAya che ke nahi ciMtavelAM athavA AtmAthI nahi pravartelAM evAM karmonuM grahaNa tene thavA yogya nathI.

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142 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto (3) trIjo prakAra IzvarAdi koI karma vaLagADI de tethI anAyAsa karmanuM grahaNa thAya che e paNa ghaTato nathI. prathama to IzvaranuM svarUpa nirdhAravuM ghaTe che. Izvara jagano kartA nathI tema karmano preraka nathI temaja karmaphaladAtA nathI. jo IzvarAdi karmanA vaLagADanAra hoya to to jIva nAmano vacce koI padArtha rahyo nahi, kemake preraNAdi dharme karIne tenuM astitva samajAtuM hatuM, te preraNAdi to IzvarakRta TharyA athavA IzvaranA guNa TharyA. to pachI bAkI jIvanuM svarUpa zuM rahyuM ke tene jIva eTale AtmA kahIe. mATe karma Izvaraprerita nahi, paNa AtmAnAM potAnAM ja karelAM hovA yogya che. Izvare potAnA aMza rUpa jIvane utpanna karyA che tethI jIva Izvarano aMza che ane jIva tathA Izvarano aMzAMzIbhAva rUpe saMbaMdha che e mAnavuM yogya nathI. jo jIva Izvarano aMza mAnIe to IzvaranA jevo jIva hovo joIe kAraNake aMzAMzImAM bheda hoto nathI, tethI IzvaranI peThe jIva paNa nirmala che ema mAnavuM joIe. tyAre AvA niyatisvarUpI jIvane karma lagADIne malasahita karavAnuM kAraNa zuM hatuM ? Izvara potAnA aMzane tevo banAve te mAnavuM Izvarane dUSaNarUpa che. tema Izvarane karmakalaMka sahita mAnavo yogya nathI. mATe IzvaranI icchAthI AtmA karma bAMdhe che ane pUrve bAMdhyA che e mAnavuM ayogya che. je thAya che te karmathI thAya che, ane AjJA te karmane bAMdhe che. AtmAnA zubhAzubha pariNAmathI jIvane karma lAge che. zubhathI zubha karma ne azubhathI azubha karma lAge che. bAkI karmane koI jJAna nathI je A jIve pApa karyuM mATe huM ene pAparUpI karma thaI lAguM. (4) cotho vikalpa prakRtyAdi parANe vaLagavAthI karma thAya che te paNa yathArtha nathI; kAraNake prakRtyAdi jaDa che, tene AtmAM grahaNa na kare to te zI rIte vaLagavA yogya thAya ? athavA dravya karmanuM bIjuM nAma prakRti che, eTale karmanuM kartApaNuM kamane ja kahevA barAbara thayuM. ane teno niSedha upara karI batAvela che. prakRti nahi to aMtaHkaraNAdi karma grahaNa kare tethI AtmAmAM kartApaNuM vaLage che ema kahIe to te paNa ekAMte siddha nathI. aMtaHkaraNAdi paNa cetananI preraNA vinA aMtaHkaraNAdirUpe prathama Thare ja kyAMthI ? cetana je karmavaLagaNAnuM manana karavA rUpe avalaMbana le che te aMtaHkaraNa che. jo cetana manana kare nahi to kaMI te karmavaLagaNAmAM manana karavAno dharma nathI, te to mAtra jaDa che. cetananI preraNAthI cetana tene avalaMbIne kaMI grahaNa kare che ane tethI tenA viSe kartApaNuM AropAya che, bAkI mukhyapaNe cetana te karmano kartA che. jo koIpaNa prakAre AtmAne karmanuM katva na hoya to koIpaNa prakAre tene bhostRtva paNa na kare ane jyAre ema ja hoya, to pachI tenAM koIpaNa prakAranAM duHkhono saMbhava paNa na thAya. jyAre koIpaNa prakAranAM duHkhono saMbhava AtmAne na ja thato hoya, to pachI vedAMtAdi zAstro sarva du:khathI kSaya thavAno je mArga upadeze che te zA mATe upadeze che ? "jyAM sudhI AtmajJAna nahi tyAM sudhI duHkhanI AtyaMtika nivRtti thatI nahi' - ema vedAMtAdi kahe che te jo du:khe na ja hoya, to tenI nivRttino upAya zA mATe kahevo joIe ? ane kartRtva na hoya to duHkhanuM bhoktApaNuM kyAMthI

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AtmavAda - AtmAnuM svarUpa (samyaktvanAM 6 sthAnaka) 143 hoya ? ema vicAra karavAthI AtmAne ja karmanuM kartApaNuM Thare che. have atre eka prazna thavA yogya che. 'jo karmanuM kartApaNuM AtmAne mAnIe to to AtmAno te dharma Thare, ane je jeno dharma hoya te kyAre paNa dharmIthI viccheda pAmavA yogya nathI arthAtu tenAthI kevaLa bhinna paDI zakavA yogya nathI; jema agninI uSNatA athavA prakAza tema.' AnA javAbamAM karmanuM kartRtva hoya to te karma TaLe ja nahi ethI koI siddhAMta samajavo yogya nathI, kemake je je vastu grahaNa karI hoya te choDI zakAya eTale tyAgI paNa zakAya; kemake grahaNa karelI vastuthI grahaNa karanArI vastunuM kevala ekatva kema thAya ? tethI jIve grahaNa karelAM evAM je dravyakarma, teno jIva tyAga kare to thaI zakavA yogya che, kemake te tene sahakArI svabhAve che, sahaja svabhAve nathI, ane te karma te anAdi bhrama che arthAt te karmanuM kartApaNuM ajJAnathI prApta karyuM che tethI paNa te nivRtta thavA yogya che. ajJAna karIne paNa jo AtmAne kartApaNuM na hoya to to upadezAdi zravaNa, vicAra, jJAna Adi kazuM paNa samajavAnuM prayojana rahetuM nathI. paramArthathI AtmA asaMga che, paNa te jyAre AtmasvarUpanuM bhAna thAya tyAre. te sivAya AtmA kevala - ekAMte asaMga nathI; asaMga hota to kyAre paNa karmanuM karavA paNuM na hota ane tema thaye AtmAnuM svarUpa mULathI ja prApta thayuM hota. paNa te to thayuM nathI ane te svarUpanI prApti e haju lakSya che. AtmA jo potAnA zuddha caitanyAdi svabhAvamAM varte to te potAnA te ja svabhAvano kartA che, arthAt te ja svarUpamAM parimita che, ane te zuddha caitanyAdi svabhAvanA bhAnamAM vartato na hoya tyAre karmabhAvano kartA che. - paramArthe to jIva akriya che ema vedAMtAdinuM nirUpaNa che ane jinapravacanamAM paNa siddha eTale zuddhAtmAnuM akriyapaNuM che ema nirUpaNa karyuM che, chatAM AtmAne zuddhAvasthAmAM upara pramANe kartA kahevAthI sakriya thayo tenuM kema ? AnA uttaramAM e ke zuddhAtmA parayogano - parabhAvano - vibhAvano tyAM kartA nathI, mATe akriya kahevA yogya che, paNa cetanyAdi svabhAvano kartA che - jo ema kartA na mAnIe to pachI tenuM kaMIpaNa svarUpa na rahe. zuddhAtmAne mana, vacana, kAyAnA vyApArarUpa yogakriyA nahi hovAthI te akriya che, paNa svAbhAvika cetanyAdi svabhAvarUpa kriyA hovAthI te sakriya che. caitanyAtmapaNuM AtmAne svAbhAvika hovAthI temAM AtmAnuM pariNamavuM te ekAtmapaNe ja che. ane tethI paramArthanayathI svabhAve to kartA kahevAya. nija svabhAvamAM pariNamavA rUpa sakriyatAthI nija svabhAvanuM kartApaNuM zuddhAtmAne che, kevaLa zuddha svadharmI hovAthI ekAtmapaNe pariName che, tethI sakriya kahetAM paNa doSa nathI. je vicAre sakriyatA akriyatA nirUpaNa karI che te vicAranA paramArthane grahIne sakriyatA, akiyatA. kahetAM kazo doSa nathI. A rIte sAMkhya ke je AtmAnuM akartApaNuM ane upacAramAtrathI - lakSaNAvRttithI bhoktApaNuM mAne che teno nirAsa thayo. sAMkhya evuM mAne che ke koI AtmA baMdhAto nathI, tema mUkAto paNa nathI ane saMsAramAM bhramaNa paNa karato nathI. je vividha prakAranA AzrayavALI prakRti che te ja

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144 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto saMsAramAM bhramaNa kare che, baMdhAya che ne mukAya che. jainamAM e maMtavya che ke AtmA baMdhAya che, mukAya che. jo prakRtine baMdhamokSa sAMkhya pramANe mAnIe to tethI saMsArAvasthA tathA mokSAvasthAmAM AtmAnA abhinna - eka svabhAvane lIdhe yogI puruSo mATe je yogazAstramAM yamaniyamAdi anuSThAna sAMkhyanA ja zAstramAM mukti phala ApanAruM kahyuM che te vyartha javAnuM. himacaMdra A ja vastu temanA yogazAstramAM kahI che. sarakhAvo - ayamAtmaiva saMsAraH kaSAyendriyanirjitaH / tameva tadvijetAraM mokSamAhurmanISiNaH / / ] bauddhamAM ema kahela che ke : cittameva hi saMsAro rAgAdiklezavAsitam tadeva tairvinirmaktaM bhavAMta iti kathyate / - rAgAdi klezothI saMskAra pAmeluM 'citta ja saMsAra che. jyAre citta te rAgAdi klezothI mukta thayuM tyAre bhava - saMsArano aMta - mokSa thayo ema jANavuM. jyAre jaino ema svIkAre che ke AtmA baMdhana pAmanAra che ane te baMdhana vastu eTale paramArthathI vidyamAna evuM karma' che. bauddha pramANe cittathI karma juduM nathI ema mAnIe to karmanuM vastupaNuM rahetuM nathI - te avastu gaNAya. kAraNake je vastu jenAthI judI nathI te vastu te rUpa ja kahevAya che ane tethI lokamAM je nathI te vastu jarUrI nathI eTale AtmA, tenAthI - te pote avastu - karmathI baMdhAya che evI pratIti thatI nathI. jema puruSa ane beDI te judAjudA svabhAvanAM che temAM puruSa badhyamAna ane beDI baMdhana che te chatAM lokamAM puruSa beDImAM paDyo' evA vyavahArathI bolAya che - tema ahIM AtmAe karma bAMdhyAM ema kahevAya - karmarUpa AtmAe karI AtmA baMdhAyo ema kahevAtuM nathI, to bauddhamata pramANe karma ane citta e be judAM nathI ema mAnIe to saMsAra ane mokSano bheda paNa nahi thAya, kAraNake mAtra cittanuM baMne ThekANe vizeSapaNuM nathI arthAt sarakhApaNuM che, tethI citta ne karma be judI ja vastu che. 4. AtmA karmano bhoktA che. koI ema kahe ke jIvane karmano kartA kahIe topaNa te karmano bhoktA jIva nahi Thare, kemake jaDa evAM karma zuM samaje ke te phaLa devAmAM pariNAmI thAya ?-phaLadAtA thAya ? - jo phaLadAtA Izvara gaNIe to bhoktApaNuM sAdhI zakIe arthAt jIvane Izvara karma bhogavAve tethI jIva karmano bhoktA siddha thAya. paNa parane phaLa devA rUpa Izvara mAnIe to tenuM IzvarapaNuM ja rahetuM nathI ane Avo Izvara jyAre siddha Tharato nathI tyAre jagano niyama paNa koI saMbhave nahi; ane jo tevo niyama na hoya to pachI zubha athavA azubha karmanAM bhogavavAnAM sthAnaka paNa rahetAM nathI. A kAraNe AtmAne kamenuM bhostRtva rahetuM nathI. AnA uttaramAM jaNAvavAnuM ke jaNAvI gayA pramANe karma be prakAranAM che (1) bhAvakarma (2) dravyakarma. AtmAne potAnA svarUpanI bhrAMti te bhAvakarma che ane tethI A bhAvakarma cetanarUpa che. A cetanA bhAvakarmane anusarI jIvanuM vIrya mhAyamAna

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AtmAnuM svarUpa (samyaktvanAM 6 sthAnaka) thAya che ane sphurAyamAna thatAM dravyakarma ke je jaDa che jJAnAvaraNIya Adi ATha karmo ane tenI prakRtio tenI vargaNA grahaNa kare che. jhera ke amRta potAnA svabhAvane jANatAM nathI; paraMtu je teno upayoga kare che tene tathAprakAre phala prApta thAya che. tevI ja rIte zubha ane azubha karma potAnA phalane jANatAM nathI chatAM te karanArane te-te prakAranuM phala ApanAra thAya che. rAjA ane raMka evA uccanIcanA je bheda jovAmAM Ave che tenuM koIpaNa kAraNa hovuM joIe ane vicAratAM zubha ane azubha karma sivAya evuM bIjuM koI kAraNa jovAmAM AvatuM nathI ke je AvA bheda nipajAvanA2 hoya. Izvara phala ApanAra hovo joIe evI paNa kazI jarUra nathI, jo karmanAM phaLane Izvara Ape che ema gaNIe, to tyAM IzvaranuM IzvarapaNuM ja rahetuM nathI, kemake parane phaLa devA Adi prapaMcamAM pravarttatAM Izvarane dehAdi aneka prakArano saMga thavo saMbhave che, ane tethI yathArtha zuddhatAno bhaMga thAya che. mukta jIva jema niSkriya eTale parabhAvAdino kartA nathI, jo parabhAvAdino kartA thAya to to saMsAranI prApti thAya che, temaja Izvara paNa parane phaLa devA Adi rUpa kriyAmAM pravarte to tene paNa parabhAvAdinA kartApaNAno prasaMga Ave che ane mukta jIva karatAM tenuM nyUnatva Thare che; tethI to tenuM Izva25NuM ja ucchedavA jevI sthiti thAya che. vaLI jIva ane Izvarano svabhAvabheda mAnatAM paNa aneka doSa saMbhave che. baMnene jo caitanya svabhAva mAnIe, to baMne samAna dharmanA kartA thayA; temAM Izvara jagAdi race, athavA karmanuM phaLa ApavA rUpa kArya kare ane mukta gaNAya; ane jIva eka mAtra dehAdi sRSTi race, ane potAnAM karmonuM phaLa pAmavA mATe IzvarAzraya grahaNa kare, temaja baMdhamAM gaNAya, e yathArtha vAta dekhAtI nathI. evI viSamatA kema saMbhavita thAya ? vaLI jIva karatAM IzvaranuM sAmarthya vizeSa mAnIe to paNa virodha Ave che. Izvara zuddha caitanyasvarUpa gaNIe to zuddha caitanya evA mukta jIvamAM ane temAM bheda na paDavo joIe ane IzvarathI karmanAM phaLa ApavAdi kArya na thavAM joIe; athavA mukta jIvathI paNa te kArya na thavuM joIe; ane Izvarane jo azuddha caitanyasvarUpa gaNIe to to saMsArI jIvo jevI tenI sthiti Thare, tyAM pachI sarvajJAdi guNano saMbhava kyAMthI thAya ? athavA dehadhArI sarvajJanI peThe tene 'dehadhArI sarvajJa Izvara' mAnIe to paNa sarva karmaphaLadAtRtvarUpa 'vizeSa svabhAva' IzvaramAM kayA guNane lIdhe mAnavA yogya thAya ? ane deha to nAza pAmavA yogya che tethI Izvarano paNa deha nAza pAme ane te mukta thaye karmaphaLadAtRtva na rahe, e Adi aneka prakArathI Izvarane karmaphaLadAtRtva AropatAM doSa Ave che, ane Izvarane teve svarUpe mAnatAM tenuM IzvarapaNuM utthApavA samAna thAya che. jhera ane amRtanI peThe zubha ane azubha karma potapotAnA dharmo pramANe phaLa Ape che tyAM IzvaranI jarU2 kyAM rahI ? zubha ane azubha karmo potAnA svabhAva pramANe pariNAmI rahI niHsattva thaI nivRtta thAya che. utkRSTa zubha adhyavasAyathI utkRSTa zubha gati, atyaMta azubha adhyavasAya te atyaMta azubha gati ane zubhAzubha adhyavasAya te mizra gati che; kAraNake rAmena rmavaMdhaH jevA mananA pariNAma tevA karmano baMdha; ane vastutaH jIvanA je je prakAranA pariNAmavizeSa te te prakAranI gati che; ane A je gatio AtmavAda - 145

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146 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto - narakAdi te karma bhogavavAnAM sthAnako che. have koI ema zaMkA kare ke Izvara jo karmaphaLadAtA na hoya athavA jagakartA na gaNIe, to karma bhogavavAnAM vizeSa sthAnako eTale narakAdi gati Adi sthAna kyAMthI hoya, kAraNake temAM to IzvaranA kartRtvanI jarUra che.' to A zaMkA paNa karavA yogya nathI, kemake mukhyapaNe to utkRSTa zubha adhyavasAya te utkRSTa devaloka che ane utkRSTa azubha adhyavasAya te utkRSTa naraka che, zubhAzubha adhyavasAya te manuSya tiryaMcAdi che ane sthAnavizeSa eTale Urdhvaloke devagati e Adi bheda che. jIvasamUhanAM - karmadravyanAM paNa - te pariNAmavizeSa che, eTale te te gatio jIvanA karmavizeSa pariNAmodi saMbhave che. aciMtya evuM jIvavIrya, aciMtya evuM pagalasAmarthya - karmasAmarthya - enA saMyogavizeSathI loka pariName che. 5. AtmAno mokSa che. upara kahI gayA ke AtmA kartAbhoktA che. have tema chatAM koI kahe ke teno mokSa thavA yogya nathI kemake anaMtakALa thayo to paNa karma karavA rUpI doSa haju tene viSe vartamAna ja che. zubha karma kare to devAdi gatimAM tenuM zubha phaLa bhogave, ane azubha karma kare to narakAdi gatine viSe tenuM azubha phaLa bhogave, paNa kamarahita koI sthaLe AtmA hoya nahi. A zaMkAnA uttaramAM jaNAvavAnuM ke jema zubhAzubha karma karavAthI tenAM phaLa bhogavAya che tema nahi karavAthI athavA to te karmanI nivRtti karavAthI te nivRtti paNa thavA yogya che. mATe te nivRttinuM paNa saphaLapaNuM che eTale zubhAzubha karma jema aphaLa jatAM nathI tema tenI nivRtti paNa aphaLa javA yogya nathI. te nivRtti e ja mokSa. karmasaMyogathI anaMtakALa vItyo te te zubhAzubha karma pratyenI jIvanI Asaktine laIne, paNa tenA para udAsIna thavAthI te karmaphaLa chedAya ane tethI jIvanuM zuddha svarUpa - mokSasvabhAva pragaTa thAya. jIvane dehAdisaMyogano anukrame viyoga to thayAM kare che, paNa te pAcho grahaNa na thAya te rIte teno viyoga karavAmAM Ave to siddhasvarUpa mokSasvabhAva pragaTe ane zAzvatapade anaMta AtmAnaMda bhogavAya. 6. mokSano upAya che. mokSapada svIkAravA chatAM koI ema kahe ke "te prApta karavAnA saMpUrNa upAya. lAgatA nathI, kAraNa ke anaMta kALanAM karmo te manuSyanA alpAyuSI dehamAM kema chedI zakAya ? vaLI tenA upAyo judAMjudAM darzano ane mato aneka aneka prakAre kahe che to tenA satyAsatyano nirNaya thaI zakavo saMbhavita nathI. A kAraNathI uparyukta pAMca padonI siddhi karavAmAM AvI te paNa jyAre mokSano upAya na hoya to nirarthaka che." AnuM samAdhAna A pramANe jaina tattvajJAna Ape che. karmabhAva te ajJAna che. mokSabhAva che te jIvanA potAnA svarUpane viSe sthiti thavI te che. ajJAna aMdhakAranA 1. sarakhAvo gItAnuM vAkya "novoDAM karmavaMdhanaH" temaja bauddha paNa jaNAve che ke "maine lokavaicitryaM'

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AtmAnuM svarUpa (samyaktvanAM 6 sthAnaka) A jevuM che. jema prakAza thatAM aMdhakAra nAza pAmI jAya che, tema jJAnarUpI prakAza thatAM arthAt AtmA ane karmanuM samyak jJAna thatAM ajJAna nAza pAme che. je je kAraNothI karma baMdhAya che, te te kAraNono sarvathA cheda karavAmAM Ave to karma sarvathA chedAI mokSa prakaTe che. karma bAMdhavA rUpI mArga te karmabaMdhano mArga che, ane karma chedavArUpI mArga te mokSano mArga che. rAga, dveSa ane ajJAna (moha) e mukhya karmanI graMthIo che, arthAt enAthI karma baMdhAya che; enI sarvathA nivRtti te mokSamArga che. AtmA avinAzI ane sarvabhAvane prakAzavArUpa svabhAvamaya hoI sarva vibhAva (52bhAva -- AtmAnA svabhAvathI anya bhAva) ane dehAdi saMyoganA AbhAsathI rahita che je kevaLa zuddhAtmanuM pada te pAmavuM e mokSamArga che. karma anaMta prakAranAM che ane teno mukhya ATha prakA2 nAme jJAnAvaraNIyAdimAM samAveza karavAmAM Avyo che. A ATha karmomAM mukhya mohanIya karma kahyuM che. mohanIya karmanA mukhya be bheda che H darzanamohanIya ane cAritramohanIya. 'darzana mohanIya'eTale paramArthane vize aparamArthabuddhi ane aparamArthane vize paramArthabuddhi; ane cAritramohanIya eTale tathArUpa paramArthane paramArtha jANIne svabhAvamAM sthiratAne rodhaka evA pUrva saMskArarUpa kaSAya ane nokaSAya te. darzanamohanIya AtmAnuM kharuM bhAna thavA detuM nathI, ane cAritramohanIya vItarAgapaNuM pAmavA detuM nathI. jo darzanamohanIya jAya to samyagdarzana thatAM AtmasvarUpa samajAya; ane cAritramohanIya jAya to - (darzanamohanIya jatAM cAritramohanIya avazyameva thAya che) - vItarAgatA Ave che. darzanamohanIya eTale mithyAtva. mithyAtvano pratipakSa te AtmAno satyabodha. cAritramohanIya eTale rAgAdi pariNAma. A rAgAdika pariNAmano pratipakSa te vItarAgabhAva. jema aMdhakArano pratipakSa je prakAza te utpanna thatAM aMdhakAra nAza pAme che, tema darzanamohanIya ane cAritramohanIyanA pratipakSo samyagdarzana ane vItarAgatA utpanna thaye eTale darzanamohanIya ane cAritramohanIya jatAM mokSasvabhAva prakaTe che. krodha kSamAthI haNAya che, saralatAthI mAyA rokAya che; ema rAgadveSanA je je uttama pratipakSIo te te utpanna karatAM rAgadveSa jaI vItarAgatA utpanna thAya che ane saMpUrNa vItarAgatA te saMpUrNa mokSa che. krodhAdino virodha karanAra kSamAdi che evo ApaNane sarvane pratyakSa anubhava atra ja che eTale mokSanA upAyano saMdeha karavAno avakAza raheto nathI. AtmavAda - A mAro mata che mATe mAre tene vaLagI ja rahevuM - matAgraha rAkhavo, A mAruM darzana che mATe game tema mAre te siddha karavuM evo Agraha ke evA vikalpane choDIne A mokSamArga kahyo che. te sAdhanAra alpajanma pAme che. samyagdarzana thAya pachI te jo cAlyuM na jAya vamAya nahi to tene ghaNAmAM ghaNo paMdara bhava thAya ema jine kahyuM che ane je utkRSTapaNe ArAdhe teno te bhave paNa mokSa thAya. - 147 uparyukta chaye padanI sarvAMgatAmAM jinakathita mokSamArga che. emAMnuM koIpaNa ekAMte ke avicArathI utthApatAM mokSamArga siddha thato nathI. te mArga game te jAti ke vezathI pamAya che. emAM kaMI bheda nathI. je sAdhe te muktipada pAme. temAM bIjA kazA prakArano UMcanIcatvAdi bheda nathI.

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148 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto padravya dravya eTale padArtha. je potAnA sadbhAva paryAyane-guNane drave che, te te bhAve pariName che te dravya. judAMjudAM darzanoe dravyanA bhAga judI judI rIte pADela che, jyAre jainadarzane tenA 6 vibhAga pADela che. te kahIe te pahelAM jaina darzanamAM dravyanAM lakSaNa zuM che te joIe : tenAM lakSaNo traNa rIte kathanamAtra bhede kahyAM che : (1) sat padArtha (2) guNa ane paryAya jene che te padArtha (3) guNa samUhAtmaka - te dravya. vastutaH A traNe lakSaNo eka ja arthane sUcave che te A rIte ? sanI vyAkhyA e che ke utpAda, vyaya ane dhrauvya e traNa jene che te satu. padArthanI utpatti, nAza ane niyatva hovAnA kAraNe te kathaMcit nitya anitya che. jevI rIte eka mATIno ghaDo tUTI jatAM je ThIkarAM rahe che tenI utpatti te vakhate che, ane tenI sAthe ja te ghaDAno nAza che, A utpatti ane nAzanI baMne avasthAmAM tenuM upAdAna kAraNa je mATI te dhrauvya - nityarUpe rahe che, tevI ja rIte sarUpa vastu eTale dravyanI uttarAvasthAnI utpatti tathA pUrvAvasthAno nAza thAya che, tenI ja sAthe te vastu saturUpa hovAthI sadaiva nitya rahyA kare che. Ama eka avasthAne choDI bIjI avasthAne prApta thAya che, paraMtu amuka mUla - vastugata avasthA sadAkAla nitya rahe che. have A dravyanI be avasthA karIe : 1. sahabhAvI ane 2. kramabhAvI. sahabhAvI avasthAne "guNa' kahevAmAM Ave che, kramabhAvIne paryAya' (= pheraphAra) kahevAmAM Ave che. AthI guNaparyAyavApaNuM e paNa dravyanuM lakSaNa che. jevI rIte ghaDo ane ThIMkarAM e baMne mATInA paryAya che ane vastutaH mATI ja che - mATI sivAyanA judA padArtha nathI, tevI rIte dravyanA paryAyo paNa te dravyanA guNonA vikAra ja che - dravyathI bhinna padArtha nathI, A ja kAraNane laIne dravyane guNonA samudAyavALuM paNa kahela che. sat padArthane ja dravya kahevAmAM Ave che, ane padArtha sarvathA nitya nathI temaja sarvathA anitya paNa nathI, kAraNake jo padArthane sarvathA nitya mAnIe to vastuno vikAra thAya che - eTale tenI bIjI avasthA thAya che e kAraNathI temAM pratyakSa virodha Ave che. eTale 'padArthane nitya rUpa ja mAnIe to vikAra - bIjI avasthA utpanna na thavI joIe ane tenI kriyA avasthAnA abhAvathI pramANa raheze nahIM temaja tenuM phala paNa nathI." temaja vastune sarvathA anitya mAnavAthI zazazRMgavat te vastunA abhAvano prasaMga Avaze - "nizcaye padArthane kSaNika-anitya ja mAnavAthI pratyabhAvakrama Adino asaMbhava che ane kramAdi raheze nahi, ane te dravyanuM pratyabhijJAna (A padArtha ke je pahelo hato te evuM jJAna)no abhAva Avaze tema thaye koI paNa kAryano AraMbha ne tenuM phala thaze nahi." 1. nityatvaikAMtapakSe'pi vikriyAnopapadyate / prAgeva kArakAbhAvA : [kArakAbhAvAt (?)] kva pramANaM vara tanam | [ahIM pramANa ane phaLanI vAta che.] 2. kSaNikAMtapakSeDapi pretyamavI saMmava: pratyafmajJAnImAvItra kAryAraMbha: bhUta: bram || 242242 al 241 2412 asults Plaid het Indestructibility of matter - (Da) vastunuM avinAzitva.

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Sadravya ataH dravyanuM pratyabhijJAna karAvavA mATe koI svarUpe tenI nityatA, koI svarUpe tenI utpatti ane koI svarUpe teno nAza eka ja kAlamAM traNa avasthAo dravya dhAraNa karyA kare che e svIkAravuM joIze : jemake sAmAnya sonuM, tUTeluM phUTeluM sonuM ane sonAnuM pAtra e traNa avasthAomAM tenA gharAkane sAmAnya, viSAda ke harSarUpa pariNAmo yathAkrame sAthe sAthe eka sonAnuM pAtra phUTI javAnI sAthe thAya che tevI ja rIte. paraMtu vastu je svarUpe utpanna thAya che te svarUpe teno nAza thato nathI, tema nitya rahetuM nathI, ane je svarUpe teno vyaya thAya che te svarUpe tenAM utpAda ke dhrauvya nathI. A kAraNe koI vastunuM dhrauvya - nityatva sadaiva rahe che. te nitya hovAnuM kAraNa guNa che ane te anitya che tenuM kAraNa tenI avasthAomAM utpAda ane vyaya kSaNa pratikSaNa thayAM kare che te che ane tenuM nAma 'paryAya' che. A rIte vastumAM guNa ane - paryAya baMne hoya che. 149 jevI rIte samudranI lahera samudranA pANIthI judo padArtha nathI, balke te ja jaLanI eka judI vyavasthArUpa pariNamana che ane te laherane te samudrarUpa yA te samudranA jalarUpa ja gaNavAmAM Ave che, tevI rIte paryAya guNathI bhinna koI judo padArtha nathI. paNa guNanI ja judI avasthArUpa pariNamana che tethI paryAya paNa guNomAM garbhita che. Ama uparanAM traNe lakSaNa arthathI eka ja ghaTI gayAM. dravyamAM aneka guNo che. jeTalA zabda che te dhAtuothI banyA che ane kriyAvazyaka zabdane dhAtu kahe che; kriyA guNanI hoya che tethI pratyeka zabda guNavAcaka che. guNothI bhinna dravya nathI. eka dravyanA aneka guNomAMthI keTalAka guNo evA hoya che ke je samasta dravyomAM hoya che. Ane 'sAmAnya guNa' kahevAmAM Ave che; ane keTalAka guNa evA hoya che ke je samasta dravyomAM nathI hotA. tene 'vizeSa guNa' kahevAmAM Ave che. sAmAnya guNa joke aneka che tathApi temAM pAMca guNa pradhAna che H nAme (1) je zaktinA nimittathI dravyano sadAkAla sadbhAva rahe tene 'astitva' guNa kahe che. (2) je zaktinA nimittathI dravya arthAt tenA samasta guNa pratikSaNe eka avasthAne choDI bIjI avasthA pAme che tene 'dravyatva' guNa kahe che. (3) je zaktinA nimittathI dravyamAM arthakriyAkAritva hoya te 'vastutva'. (4) je zaktinAM nimittathI dravya game tenA jJAnano viSaya thAya che te 'prameyatva'. (5) je zaktinA nimittathI vastunuM vastutva avasthita rahe arthAt dravyathI dravyAntararUpa Adi pariNamana thAya nahi ane jalanA mojA rUpa potapotAmAM pariName tene 'agurulaghutva' guNa kahe che. je samaya dravyanuM nirUpaNa astitva guNanI mukhyatAthI karAya che tyAre tene 'sat' kahevAmAM Ave che, vastutva guNanI mukhyatAthI tene 'vastu', dravyatva guNanI mukhyatAthI 'dravya', prameyatva guNanI prameyatAthI 'prameya' kahevAmAM Ave che. e pramANe agurulaghutva guNanuM samajI levuM. vizeSa guNathI eka dravyanuM bIjA dravyathI bhinnatva viziSTatva samajAya che. tethI dravyonI pichAna thAya che. te lakSaNa dravyanA bheda karatAM kahevAmAM Avaze.

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1pa0 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto dravyanA 6 bheda mukhya rIte samasta vizvamAM be ja dravya che : 1. jIva ane 2. ajIva. cetanA lakSaNavaMta te jIva che ane tethI viparIta lakSaNavALo te ajIva che. ajIva pAMca prakAranA che. pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza ane kAla. A pAMcamAM ukta jIvadravyane bheLavatAM cha dravya thAya che. A cha dravyanAM viziSTa guNalakSaNa A pramANe che : (1) jIvanuM lakSaNa cetanA che. (2) pudgalanuM lakSaNa sparza, rasa, gaMdha ane varNa che. (3) dharmanuM lakSaNa gatisahAyatA - gatisahakAritva che. (4) adharmanuM lakSaNa sthiti sahakAritva che. (5) AkAzanuM lakSaNa avagAhanasahakAritva che - avakAza ApavAnuM ane (6) kAlanuM lakSaNa pariNamana sahakAritvavartana (rUpAMtara thavuM, pariNamavuM) te che. AmAMnA prathamanAM pAMca astikAya eTale astirapradeza, prakRSTadeza, nirvibhAga khaMDa teno kAya eTale samudAya che. kAlamAM pradeza na hovAthI te astikAya nathI temaja tene laIne dravya vastutaH na kahevAya, paNa tene upacArathI dravya tarIke gaNavAmAM Avela che. A chaye dravya jyAM jyAM ane eTale jeTaluM che te sarvane 'loka' kahevAmAM Ave che, ane lokathI anya "aloka'mAM mAtra AkAzadravya ja che. 1. jIva - te (1) jJAnAdi dharmathI bhinnabhinna che. jJAna, darzana, cAritra, sukhaduHkha, vIrya, bhavyatva, abhavyatva, sattva, prameyatva, dravyatva, prANadhArita, krodhAdi pariNatatva, saMsAritva, siddhatva Adi sva ane para paryAya te jJAnAdi dharma che. tenA thakI jIva bhinna paNa nathI temaja abhinna nathI, paNa bhinnabhinna che. jo jJAnAdi dharmathI jIva bhinna hoya to huM jANuM chuM, jouM chuM, huM sukhI chuM ke duHkhI chuM Adi jJAna thavuM na joIe ane jo jJAnAdi dharmathI jIva abhinna hoya to mAruM jJAna, mAruM jovuM ityAdi paraspara jJAnabhedanI pratIti na thAya. jJAna thAya che ane jJAnabheda paNa thAya che tethI jIva jJAnAdi dharmathI bhinnabhinna che ema jeno kahe che. (2) vikRtimAna eTale manuSya, devatA Adi gatimAM (paryAyamAM) bhamavAvALo che. (3,4) zubhAzubha 1. viziSThadvaitamata pramANe dravya be prakAranuM che 1. jaDa 2. ajaDa. ajaDa eTale cetanano jIva ane Izvara evA be vibhAga che : dravye haidhA vimai gamanati x 4 tatra nIvenotuM ! advaitavAdI kahe che ke paramArthe brahma e eka ja padArtha che, ane jIva temaja jagatuM e to doraDImAM sApanI peThe mAtra avidhAnI kalpanA che, viziSTAdvaitamatavALA A vAta kabUla rAkhatA nathI. ahIM advaitavAdI na kahetAM kevalAdvaitavAdI ema kahevuM joIe, je AvuM mAne che. bIjA atavAdI mata che je A svIkAratA nathI.] 2. jyAre vaizeSikoe dharma ane dharmAnuM - jJAnAdi dharmanuM ane AtmAnuM atyaMta bhinnapaNuM mAnyuM che. ane bauddha, ekabAju atyaMta abhipaNuM mAnyuM che kAraNake bauddha paNa buddhikSaNanI paraMparArUpa AtmAno svIkAra dhamarUpe karelo che. 3. jyAre cAvaka AtmAne bhavAMtaragAmitva - punarjanma hovAnuM svIkAratA nathI, vaLI taiyAyiko AtmAne kUTastha nitya AtmA mAne che.

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padravya 151 karmano kattA temaja tenA phala, tarIke sukhaduHkhano bhoktA che. (5) caitanya (sAkAra ane nirAkAra upayogAtmaka) che. () nizcayathI amUrta, IdriyothI agocara, zuddha ane buddha svarUpa dhAraka hovAthI amUrta che. (7) svabhAvathI Urdhvagamana karanAra che.* (8) dehamAtra vyApI (9) kathaMcit nityanitya che. ajIva - upara je jIvanAM lakSaNa kahyAM tethI viparIta lakSaNavALo che. (1) ajJAnAdi dharmovALo rUparasagaMdha spardhAdithI bhinnabhinna arthAta jJAna-sukhAdi tenA dharma hoI zake nahIM, (2) bhavAMtaramAM na janAra. (3) jJAnAvaraNIyAdi karmano akartA. (4) temanAM phalano abhoktA. (5) ane jaDasvarUpa che. te dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala, kAla e prakAre pAMca prakArano che. 2. dharma - lokavyApta, nitya, avasthita, arUpI (amUta), dravya, astikAya, asaMkhya pradeza che ane gamyupakArI che eTale gati pariNAma pAmela jIva ane pudgalano upakAra karanAra apekSAkAraNa che. 3. adharma paNa lokavyApta, nitya (svabhAvathI apracyata), avasthita (anyUnAdhika - anAdinidhana), arUpI (amUta), dravya, astikAya ane asaMkhya pradezI -- "dharma'nI peThe che, paraMtu te sthitine upakAraka che eTale jIva pudgalanI sthiti thavAmAM apekSAkAraNa che. noMdha : kAraNa traNa prakAranAM che (1) pariNAmI (upAdAna) (2) nimitta ane (3) nirvartaka. mATImAMthI daMDAdi vatI kuMbhAra ghaDo kare che temAM ghaDo thavAmAM mATI e pariNAmI kAraNa che, daMDAdi nimittakAraNa che ane kuMbhAra e nirvartakakAraNa che. nimittakANa paNa be che : 1. nimittakAraNa 2. apekSAkAraNa. daMDAdi nimittakAraNa che paNa te daMDAdine prayogArthaka (prayoga arthe thayela) ane vaizramikI (svabhAvathI utpanna) mAtra kriyA hoya tyAM te nimittakAra chatAM vizaSe apekSAkAraNa kahevAya. AvI rIte jIvapugalane gati ane sthiti karavAmAM dharma ane adharma anukrame apekSAkaraNa che. jema mAchalAMne gatimAM apekSAkaraNa pANI che tema jIva ane pudgalane gatipaNe pariNamatAM dharmAstikAya apekSAkAraNa che. jyAM sudhI A dharma dravya 1. sAMkhyo to jIvane akartA ane mAtra lakSaNAvRttithI ja bhoktA mAne che. 2. naiyAyiko AtmAne ja svarUpa mAne che. cArvAka paNa paMcamahAbhUtathI banelo mAne che. | niyAyiko AtmAne jaDa mAne che ema nahIM kahevAya, paNa dharma-dharmIno bheda mAnatA hoI tenA jJAnAdi guNone tenAthI judA mAne che ane muktinI avasthAmAM te AtmAmAM hotA nathI, chatAM AtmA jaDa nathI kAraNake te jJAnayogya che, jJAna temAM thaI zake tema che (jayAre jaDamAM te saMbhave nahI) ema teo mAne che.] 3. bhaTTa (naiyAyika) tathA cArvAka amUrta AtmA svIkAratA nathI. 4. anya sarva darzano A svIkAratA nathI. 5. vedAMtamAM eka AtmA (brahma) mAnela che ane tene sarvavyApI mAnela che. niyAyika, mImAMsaka ane sAMkhya vagere dehamAtravyApI AtmAne mAnatA nathI. 6. sAMkhya ekAMte phUTastha nitya AtmA mAne che, ane bauddha ekAMte kSaNika mAne che.

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upara jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto che tyAM sudhI lokanI maryAdA che. tyAM sudhI ja jIvapudgala gati kare che. A rIte jema paMthIjana raste thAkatAM vRkSAdinI chAyA jotAM tyAM besI jAya che eTale chAyA je sthitinuM kAraNa che te ja rIte adharma jIva ane pudgalanI sthiti karavAmAM apekSAkAraNa 4. AkAza - te lokAloka vyApaka, anaMtapradezI, nitya, avasthita, arUpI, dravya, astikAya che ane te avagAhopakAraka che. dharma ane adharma lokavyApaka ane asaMkhyapradezI che tyAre A dravya loka tathA aloka baMnemAM vyApaka ane anaMta pradezI che; vaLI A jIva ane pudgalane rahevAmAM avakAza Ape che. A traNe dravya eka bIjAmAM maLI gayela che ane jemAM te traNe dravya che tyAM sudhI loka che, jyAM kevala AkAza che tyAM aloka che. 5. pudgala - (jeno pUraNa ane galana svabhAva che te pagala.) sparza, rasa, gaMdha varNa jene che te muddagala. sparza ATha che : mRdu (suMvALo), kaThina, guru (bhAre), laghu (halako), zIta, uSNa, snigdha (cIkaNo), ane rukSa (lUkho). rasa pAMca che : tikta (tIkho), kaTu (kaDavo), kaSAya (kaSAyelo), amla (khATo), ane madhura (mITho). (lavaNano madhuramAM aMtarbhAva che ema keTalAka mAne che, ne keTalAka kahe che ke te saMsargajanya che). gaMdha be che H surabhi (sugaMdha), asurabhi (durgadha). varNa pAMca che : kRSNa (kALo), lIlo, rAto, pILo ane dhoLo. A pramANe spardhAdi dharmavALuM pudgala che. te uparAMta aneka svabhAva che. zabda, baMdha, sUkSmatA, sthUlatA, saMsthAna (AkRti), bheda (kaTakA thavApaNuM), taman, chAyA, Atapa, udyota e sarve pudgalanA paryAya vikAra) che. 1. (1) gatiniyama - Law of motion mAM A dharmadravyanI agatya sUkSma vicArakane kadAca samajAze. (2) A gati ane sthitimAM sahAyaka evAM dharma, ane adharma e be dravyo jainadarzana sivAya koIpaNa darzane darzAvelAM nathI ane tethI jainadarzananI temAM pratibhA (originality) samajI zakAya che. (3) dharma eTale puNya ane adharma eTale pApa e arthamAM atra dravyavicAramAM dharma ane adharma zabdano prayoga thayo nathI paNa uparokta pAribhASika arthamAM ja teno prayoga thayela che. chatAM prophe. maNilAla nabhubhAI tathA DaoNkTara hamana jekaoNbI [2] jevA dhuraMdhara vidvAnothI tenuM aMgrejI bhASAMtara tenA sAmAnya puNyapApanA arthamAM karavAmAM bhUla thaI gaI che : udAharaNa tarIke prophe. maNilAle AThamI laMDana orieMTala koMgresa (1891 mAM bharAyela)mAM Jain philosophy in its relation to Brahmanism e nAmanA pote lakhI mokalAvela nibaMdhamAM jaNAve che ke : That which is not Jiva is of five Kinds : Dharmastikaya, Adharmastikaya, Akash, Pudgalastikaya and kala. The word Astikaya means Substance - Thing. The first is that, which leads fo Moksha, The second that which binds the Jiva to the world.... AmAM "dhamastikAya e che ke je mokSe laI jAya che. ane adhamastikAya jIvane jagatu sAthe bAMdhI rAkhe che - saMsAraparibhramaNa karAve che evuM jaNAvela che te dharma, adharmano aprastuta artha karavAthI che.

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padravya je zarIranI karmendriyanA AdhArathI dhvani sAMbhaLavAmAM Ave tene zabda kahevAmAM Ave che. A zabda anaMta paramANunA piMDa arthAt skaMdhothI utpanna thAya che, kAraNa ke jyAre paraspara skaMdhonuM saMghaTTana thAya che tyAre zabdanI utpatti thAya che. ane svabhAvathI utpanna ane anaMta paramANunA piMDabhUta zabdayogya vargaNAo paraspara maLIne A lokamAM sarvatra vyApI rahe che. jyAM jyAM zabdane utpanna karavAne bAhya sAmagrIno saMyoga maLe che tyAM tyAM te zabdayogya vargaNAo che. te svayameva zabdarUpa hoI pariName che. A kAraNathI zabda nizcayathI pudgalaskaMdhothI utpanna thAya che.` A ja rIte dRSTine rokanAra aMdhakAra, vRkSaAdinI AzrayavALI ane manuSya AdinA pratibiMbarUpa chAyA, prakAza, tathA sUryaAdinI Atapa te sarva pudgala jANavAM. [zavandhasaumyasthaulyasaMsthAnamevatamAyAtapoghotavantatha / (tattvArthasUtra pU.24) tamas pudgalano vikAra (paryAya) che. zabda paNa pudgalano vikAra (paryAya) che. ....na naiyAyiko tamane alaga dravya nathI mAnatA. nanu dazamaM dravyuM tama: vheto notam ? taddhi pratyakSeNa gRhyate tasya ca rUpavattvAt karmavattvAcca dravyatvam Avazyakatejo'bhAvenaivopapattau dravyAntarakalpanAyA anyAyyatvAt / rUpavattApratItistu bhramarUpA karmavattApratItirapyAlokApasaraNaupAdhikI bhrAntireva / tamaso'tiriktadravyatve'nantAvayavAdikalpanAgauravaM ca syAt / 153 (nyAyasiddhAnta muktAvalI. kA.3)] pudgala be prakAranA che H 1. paramANu. te nirvibhAjya pudgalano sUkSma bhAga che. ane 2. skaMdha - paramANu. e traNa ke tethI vadhu maLavAthI thAya te. paramANu sUkSma ane nitya, eka rasa, eka varNa, eka gaMdhavALuM ane be sparzavALuM che ane kAryaliMga caNukAdithI te mahAkaMdharUpI kAryanA liMgarUpa che ane te ja aMtyakAraNa che. koIpaNa padArthanA jeTalA banI zake teTalA kaTakA karatAM paramANuthI ocho vibhAga thaI zakato nathI eTale teno koIpaNa vibhAga paramANuthI pAra na jaI zakato hovAthI paramANu e ja sarvanuM aMtya - chellAmAM chelluM kAraNa che. (caNukAdi aMtyakAraNa nathI) te sUkSma che kAraNa ke ApaNane atIMdriya che tethI te Agamagamya che. dravyathI nitya che ane 1. keTalAka matAvalaMbI (vaizeSika) zabdane AkAzano guNa mAne che (juo tarkasaMgraha : sUtraH14 zabdamuLamAAzak tatrevjha vimu niyaMtta ane tethI tene nitya ane sarvavyApI vibhu mAne che. vaiizeSiko zabdane nitya nathI mAnatA. dravya nitya hoya tethI guNa nitya hovo joIe e jarUrI nathI, jemake AtmA nitya che paNa tenA vizeSa guNo - sukha, duHkha, icchA vagere nitya nathI. zabda AkAzanuM liMga che. zabda to utpAdya che tethI nitya hoI zake ja nahIM.] jyAre jainadarzanamAM ema kahe che ke jo tene AkAzano guNa mAnavAmAM Ave to kadriya dvArA grahaNa karI zakAya nahi, kAraNake AkAza amUrta che ane guNIno guNa paNa samAnajAtIya ja hoya te rIte AkAzano guNa zabda paNa amUrta hoya; ane iMdriyo mUrttika che tethI mUrtika padArthane ja jANe che. A kAraNe jo zabda AkAzano guNa hoya to karNendriyathI grahaNa na thaI zake. jainadarzana tene pudgalano eka paryAya - paramANuno samUha ane tethI mUrta ane paryAya dRSTie anitya gaNe che.

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154 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto paryAyArthika nayathI nIlAdi AkAra vaDe anitya ja che. 6. kAla - kAla paramasUkSma nirvibhAga evo 'samaya' che. teno pradezasamUha thaI zakato nathI tethI te astikAya kahevAto nathI. sUryAdi grahanakSatranI udayAta kriyAthI te kAla gaNAya che, tethI keTalAka tene dravya tarIke gaNatA nathI. paraMtu samasta padArthonA parAvartanamAM - pheraphAramAM je dravya sahAya kare che te kALa che. koImAM navInatA, jIrNatA thavI e pudgalano svabhAva che te kharuM, paNa tyAM apekSAkAraNa to kAla che. meghavRSTi amuka samaye thAya che, bAlya, yauvana ane jarA e paNa kALaparipAkane laIne thAya che. manuSyagarbhamAM nava mAsa rahyA pachI bALaka Ave che vagere vyavasthAmAM kALadravya sahAyakArI che. A sarvane te-te dravyanA vanAdi paryAyarUpe gaNI zakAya chatAM te vartanA svabhAvavALAne upacArathI athavA tenA niyAmaka kAraNa tarIke e nAma ApI tene dravya mAnavAmAM koI bAdha Avato nathI. kAla pariNAmI kAraNa nathI tema nirvataika kAraNa nathI. paNa amuka kAle ja thavuM - anya kAle nahi ema hovAthI te apekSA kAraNa gaNAya. jyAM manuSyakSetra che (jena pramANe tenuM pramANa 45 lAkha yojana che.) tyAM ja samaya lakSaNa kAlanI gaNanA che kAraNake tyAM sUrya caMdranI gati che ane tenA para ja kALano vyavahAra che. manuSyakSetranI bahAra kAladravya che ja nahi.' ukta paDudravyanI arasaparasa tulanA - jIva ane pudgala e be aneka che ane bAkInAM dravya eka che pudgala mUrta che ane bAkInAM pAMca amUrta che. AkAza anaMta pradeza pramANa che. dharma adharma asaMkhyAta pradeza pramANa che. pratyeka jIva asaMkhyAta pradeza pramANa che. te jIvo anaMta che. eka paramANu evAM anaMta paramANuo che, be paramANuo ekatra maLelAM evA yaNuka aMdha anaMtA che, ema traNuka skaMdha anaMta che. ema uttarottara anaMta paramANuM maLelA evA anaMtA skaMdha che. paramANu sarve ekarUpa che. vaizeSiko kahe che te pramANe cAra, traNa, be ke eka evA spardhAdiguNavALA pArthiva, Apya, taijasa, ane vAyavIya paramANunI jAtinA bheda thakI paramANu paNa cAra rUpanAM che e jaino svIkAratA nathI. lavaNa e sparza, cakSu, rasanA, ane ghANa e cAra IdriyathI gamya hovA chatAM jaLamAM gaLI jAya che tyAre pariNAmavizeSatAne lIdhe e cAra IdriyathI gamya rahetuM nathI. tevI ja rIte pArthivAdi paramANu paNa pariNAma vizeSatAne lIdhe eka jAtinAM ja jANavAM - e sarvedriyagrAhya rahe nahi. vaizeSiko pRthivI, apU, teja, vAyu, AkAza, kAla, dika, AtmA ane mana e pramANe nava dravyo mAne che. prathamanAM cArene bhinna bhinna dravya mAnyAM che te vAstavika nathI ema jena kahe che, kAraNake te temaNe paramANunA prakAra mAnyA che ane paramANu te prayoga ke vizrasAthI (svabhAvathI) pRthivI AdinA rUpapaNe pariName paNa che to 1. A uparAMta digaMbarAcAryo vizeSa ema mAne che ke lokAkAzanA ekeka pradeze ekeka kALA rahelo che (bRha dravyasaMgraha, zloka 22 adhyAya 1). bauddhamAM manuSya jIvananI bAlya, yauvana, jarA, maraNa Adi badalAtI avasthAo samaya paratve hoI kAlanI kSaNaparaMparA badalAtI mAnI che. uttara kSaNa pUrva kSaNe jevI nathI. Ama baMnenI anityatA mAnI 'sarva anitya che' e siddhAMta manAyela che.

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padravya 1papa paNa potAnA dravyapaNAne tajatA nathI ane atiprasaMga doSa Ave che tethI avasthAbhede dravyanA bheda mAnavA yogya nathI ema jaina kahe che. te cAreno samAveza jaine jIvadravyamAM karela che. (A rIte temAM jIva che evuM jainadarzana sivAya koIpaNa darzanamAM tene jIva tarIke svIkArela nathI) AkAza ane kAla, ane AtmAne (jIvana) jainoe dravya tarIke svIkArelAM che. dizAne AkAzanuM avayavabhUta che tethI pRthaka dravya gaNela nathI. mana temAM pudgala dravyamAM aMtarbhAva pAme che kAraNa ke te spardhAdimAnuM che. chelle upasaMhAra tarIke dravyanA bhedano eka koTho nIce mUkavAmAM Avyo che. jIva dravya ajIva dravya arUpI rUpI (pudgala) dharmAstikAya adharmA- AkAzA- kALa stikAya stikAyA paramANu skaMdha jIvasahita (vargaNA) jIva rahita (jIva sAthe nahi) : sUkSmaskaMdha vargaNA Adara (cUloskaMdha vargaNA. bhASA zvAsocchavAsa mana kAmaNavargaNA audArika vaikriya AhAraka tejasa jJAnAvaraNIya darzanAvaraNIya vedanIya mohanIya AyuSa nAma gotra aMtarAya 5 bheda 9 bheda 2 bheda 28 bheda 4 bheda 103 bheda re bheda pa bheda A sarva bheda vagere karmasvarUpamAM Avaze.

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156 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto nava tattva jIva ane ajIva e be mukhya dravya che tethI te ja mukhya be tattva che e ApaNe kahI gayA. have te jIva ane ajIva (pudgalavizeSa) baMnenA saMbaMdhathI tathA viyogathI je AtmAnuM svarUpa che te 7 tattvamAM jaina darzane vaheMcyuM che. tenAM nAma jIva, ajIva, Ava, saMvara, nirjarA, baMdha, ane mokSa che ane temAM puNya ane pApa ke je prakAramaMtare ajIvanA bhAga che te umeravAthI nava tattva thAya che. 1. jIvatattva jIvanuM svarUpa ApaNe AgaLa kahI gayA chIe, paNa ahIMyAM tethI kaMIka vizeSa thoDuM kahIzuM. je traNe kAlamAM jIve che - prANane dhAre che te jIva che. vyavahAranayathI te daza prANono (pAMca Idriya, traNa bala nAme manobala, vacanabala ane kAyabala, ane Ayu tathA zvAsocchavAsa) dhAraka che. ane nizcaya nayathI bhAvaprANa (zuddha caitanya - zuddhajJAna, darzana, ane cAritra)no dhAraka che. jIva sarva karmathI mukta thaI moze pahoMce che tyAre tene bhAvaprANa ja hoya che, paNa jyAM sudhI te karmathI lepAyela che - saMsArI jIva che tyAM sudhI tene dravyaprANa hoya che. jenA saMyogathI A jIva jIvanaavasthAne prApta thAya ane viyogathI maraNaavasthAne prApta thAya tene prANa kahe che. prANa e. Atmika sattA che. A daza prANamAMthI eka paNa prANanI virAdhanA - tenuM haraNa - ke tene duHkha thAya te hiMsA che. hiMsAnuM svarUpa ja pramAdathI prANavyaparopaNa che. nizcayathI jIva siddhasvarUpa ane tenI indriyothI agocara zuddha cetanyaprANa (bhAvaprANI che tenA pratipakSIbhUta kSAyopazAmika (yopazamathI utpanna) paMca IdriyarUpa prANa che. anaMtavIryarUpa je balaprANa che tenA anaMta bhAgomAMnA eka bhAga jeTalA manobala, 1. jaina daza prANa kahe che ane vedAMta mukhyatve ekAdaza prANa kahIne tethI judo eka mahAprANa gaNe che. jenanA prANa sAthe vedAMtamAMnA prANa sarakhAvatAM A pramANe che : jaina vedAMta pAMca jJAnendriyo (cakSu Adi) te ja pAMca jJAneMdriya manobalaprANa mana - ekAdazamuM vacanabalaprANa - pAMca karmekiya [vAku, pANi, pAda, vAyu, upastha] kAyabalaprANa AyuSa prANa - mukhya-mahAprANa zvAsocchuvAsa prANa ! vedAMtamAM koI prANa, apAna, samAna, udAna ane vyAna e pAMca prakAre prANa mAne che, koI pAMca jJAneMdriya, vAka ane mana ema sAta, to koI be zrotra, be cakSu, be dhrANa tathA eka vAku maLI sAta prANa mAne che. koI hasta umerI ATha, to koI vAyu ne upastha ema be umerI nava mAne che. koI sthaLe pAMca jJAnendriya ne pAMca karmendriya maLI daza prANa, koI sthaLe mana sahita ekAdaza prANa, koI sthaLe buddhi sahita dvAdaza prANa, koI sthaLe ahaMkAra sahita trayodaza prANa kahela che. paraMtu mukhyatve upara pramANe ekAdaza prANa - pAMca jJAnendriya, pAMca karmendriya ane mana mAnavA yogya che.

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nava tattva 1pa7 vacanabala ane kAyabalarUpa prANa che. anAdi, anaMta tathA zuddha je caitanya (jJAna) prANa che tenAthI viparIta - vilakSaNa sAdi (Adisahita) ane sAMta (aMtasahita) evuM AyuprANa che. zvAsocchavAsanA AvAgamanathI utpanna thatA khedathI rahita evuM zuddha cit prANa che tenAthI viparIta AnaprANa - zvAsocchuvAsa prANa che. A dravyaprANa saMsArI jIvane che. vyavahAranayathI te saMsArI che. saMsArI ane siddha ema be bheda pADI saMsArI jIvanA temanI Idriya AdinA vikAsa pramANe be bhAga pADI zakAya che : 1. sthAvara ke je sthita hoya che ane 2. trasa ke je hAlacAle che (trasuebhayapAmavo te dhAtu parathI). sthAvaranA pAMca bheda che : pRthivIkAya, apUkAya, tejaskAya, vAyukAya ane vanaspatikAya. A pAMcane eka ja Idriya nAme sparzendriya hovAthI ekedriya jIva kahevAmAM Ave che. trasanA cAra bheda che. dvidriya (sparza ane rasana IdriyavALA), trIdriya, (sparza, rasana, nAsikA, e traNa IdriyavALA), caturiMdriya (pUrvokta traNa ane eka cakSu maLI 4 iMdriyavALA), ane paMceMdriya pUrvokta cAra ane kAna e pAMca IdriyavALA). AmAM ekedriyathI te caturiMdriya sudhI sarva jIvo asaMjJI eTale mana vagaranA che. paMcendriya e cAra jAtanA che nAraka, tiryaMca, manuSya ane devatA. sthAvara jIva be prakAranA che (1) sUkSma - AMkhethI joI na zakAya tevA (2) bAdara - te sthUla. paryApti vaLI sthAvara ane trasamAM jeje AhAra vagerenAM pudgalagrahaNanuM pariNamana karanAra zaktivizeSa - nAme paryAti che te badhI maLI che che. (1) AhAraparyApti - AhAra grahaNa karavAnI zakti, (2) zarIraparyApti - zarIra racavAnI zakti (3) iMdriyaparyAti - Idriya karavAnI zakti. tevI ja rIte (4) zvAsocchavAsaparyAmi, (5) bhASApati, (6) mana:paryApti. jIva jyAre garbha le che tyAre te jeTalI paryAptivALo jIva hoya teTalI paryApti anukrame uparanA kramamAM prApta kare che. A cha paryAtimAMthI ekedriyane - sthAvarane prathamanI 4 paryApti che ane be, traNa ane cAra IdriyavALA jIvane manaparyAmi sivAyanI pAMca paryAddhi che. paMceDhiyamAM chae pati che. A chae paryAptimAMthI je je jIvane jeTalI jeTalI paryAmi hovI joIe te karatAM ochI hoya to te jIva aparyAptA kahevAya che. sthAvara ekeMdriya jIva pRthvIkAya, jalakAya, tejaskAya ane vAyukAya e cAremAM asaMkhya jIva che. ane vanaspatikAyanA be prakAra che. (1) pratyeka - AmAM eka zarIramAM eka jIva hoya che. AMbo, lImaDo vagere (2) sAdhAraNa vanaspatikAya - temAM eka zarIra anaMta jIvo vacce hoya che. suraNa baTATAdi sarva kaMda, sarvajAtanA kULA aMkurA, theka vagere. jenI gUDha zirA hoya, je chellA chatAM vAvavAthI pharI Uge te sarva sAdhAraNa vanaspati athavA anaMtakAya kahevAya che. AthI karI AvI vanaspatinuM bhakSaNa karavAno jena gRhasthane ke sAdhune niSedha karela che. trasamAM be Idriya jIva jevA ke aLasiyAM, kIDA, purA vagere, trIdriya. jIva jevA

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158 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto ke kAnakhajUrA, mAMkaNa, jU. kIDI, UdhaI, maMkoDA, vagere, caturiMdriya jIva jevA ke vIMchI, bagAI, bhamarA, bhamarI, tIDa, mAMkhI, DAMsa, macchara, kaMsArI, pataMgiyAM vagere, ane paMcedriyamAM je cAra bheda che nAme devatA, manuSya, tiryaMca ane nArakI, te darekanA prakAra kahIe. (1) devatA - cAra prakAre 1. vaimAnika 2. bhuvanapati, 3. vyaMtara 4. jyotiSI. 1. vaimAnikanA be prakAra che : kalpopapatra eTale jemAM kalA eTale AcAra che eTale Idra ane tenuM sevakapaNuM Adi AcAra jyAM varte che te, ane kalpAtIta - ke jemAM tevo kalpa vartato nathI. sau ahamevaIdra - pote ja Idra che ema mAnI varte che - koI koInuM Adhipatya nathI. kalpapapanna evA 12 devaloka che nAme 1. saudharma 2. IzAna, 3. sanakumAra 4. mahendra 5. brahma, 6. lAMtaka, 7. zuka, 8. sahastrAra, 9. Anata, 10. prANata, 11. AraNya ane 12. amyu. kalpAtItamAM navagreveyika devo, ane pAMca anuttara vimAnanA devo samAya che. A sivAya nIca jAtinA eTale halakAM kAma dAsapaNuM Adi karanArA traNa prakAranA kilbiSIA devo tathA devalokonI ekabIjAne AMtare rahenArA nava prakAranA lokAMtika deva che. 2. bhuvanapati - bhuvanAdhipati devatA daza che. asurakumAra, nAgakumAra, suvarNakumAra, viddhatakumAra, agnikumAra, dvIpakumAra, udadhikumAra, dizikumAra, vAyukumAra, tathA svanitakumAra 3. vyaMtara devatA - ATha che. pizAca, bhUta, yajJa, rAkSasa, kinnara, jiMpuruSa, mahoraga, ane gaMdharva. tathA bIjA bANathaMtara ATha che : aNapatrI, paNapatrI, RSivAdI, bhUtavAdI, kaMdita, mahAkaMdita, kohaMDa, pataMga. 4. jyotiSI devatA - pAMca che. caMdra, sUrya, graha, nakSatra, tathA tArA. te pharI be prakAranA che. cara ane acara. cara eTale asthira, sadAkAla pharatA rahe te manuSyakSetrane viSe che, jyAre manuSyakSetrathI bAhera che te sthira che, temanAM vimAna pharatAM nathI. (2) manuSya - te je bhUmimAM rahe che te parathI tenA bheda pADavAmAM AvyA che. 1. jyAM kRSi vANijya Adi karma pradhAna che te karmabhUmi kahevAya che ane tyAM rahenArA manuSya karmabhUmi ja kahevAya che, 2. jyAM tevAM karma nathI te akarmabhUmimAM rahenAra akarmabhUmi kahevAya che, 3. aMtaradvIpaja chapana aMtaradvIpamAM utpanna thayelA. (3) tiryaMca - enA pAMca prakAra che. 1. jaLacara - mAchalAM, magara, kAcabA vagere, 2. sthaLacara - gAya, bheMsa, baLada, UMTa, zvAna, bilADI vagere, 3. khecara - AkAzamAM pharanArA kAgaDA, cakalI, gIdha, popaTa, pArevAM vagere. 4. uparisarpa - chAtIe cAlanArA sarpa vagere. pa. bhujaparisarpa - bhujAthI cAlanArA, noLiyAM khIsakholI vagere. A badhA be prakAranA che. je mAtapitAnI apekSA vinA utpanna thAya che te 'samRdghima' kahevAya che, ane je garbhamAM utpanna thAya te "garbhaja che. | (4) nArakI - nArakI jIvo sAta prakAranI narakabhUmimAM rahe che. tenAM nAma - ghamAM, vaMzA, selA, aMjaNA, riThA, maghA tathA mAghavatI.

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nava tattva 159 devatA 84 lakSa jIvayoni jema jainetara matomAM 84 lAkha yoni manAya che tema jainamAM paNa mAnelI che, ane 84 lAkha yonimAM saMsArI jIvo svakarmavazavartI paribhramaNa karyA kare che. varNa, gaMdha, rasa ane sparza jenA ekasarakhA ja hoya te eka 'jIvayoni' gaNAya che. AvI jIvayonio 84 lAkha che te A pramANe : pRthvIkAya 7 lakSa beidriya 2 lakSa. apUkAya 7 lakSa trIdriya 2 lakSa. tejaskAya 7 lakSa caturiMdriya 2 lakSa vAyukAya 7 lakSa 4 lakSa, pratyeka vanaspatikAya 10 lakSa nAreka 4 lakSA sAdhAraNa vanaspatikAya 14 lakSa tiryaMca paMcendriya 4 lakSa manuSya 14 lakSa 84 lAkha lokasvarUpa jainamatamAM cha dravyathI paripUrNa, utpatti, sthiti ane laya e traNe svarUpa saMyukta evo loka kahyo che. te anAdi anaMta che, koIno racela nathI. teno AkAra manuSpAkAre che. jema koI puruSa jAmo paherIne potAnI kamaramAM baMne hAtha lagADI paga pahoLA karI Ubho hoya tema teno AkAra che. tenA ziranA agrasthaLe siddhasthAna (siddhara lA) che. ane te Urdhvaloka, adhoDoka ane madhyaloka - tiryakloka ema traNa vibhAgamAM sarva jIvapudgala tenI aMdara pravarte che tenI bahAra jIva ke pudgala kAMIpaNa nathI; mAtra AkAza tattva che ane tene "alokAkAza' kahe che. je siddhagati pAme che te Urdhvagamana karI lokanA agre sthita thAya che paraMtu te upara alokAkAzamAM jaI zakato nathI kAraNa ke alokAkAzamAM dharmAstikAya ke jeno guNa gati ApavAno che - gatisahAya guNa che te dravya nathI tethI siddha jIvane gati maLI zakatI nathI. alokanuM AkAza anaMta che. lokano nIceno bhAga - adholoka che temAM judIjudI nIce upara sAta pRthvI che ane temAM narakavAsI jIva rahe che tethI tene sAta narakabhUmi kahevAmAM Ave che ane tyAM koI jagAe bhuvanapati devatA temaja vyaMtara devatA rahe che. tirtho (tiryaka) lokamAM (madhyalokamAM) manuSya, tiryaMca temaja vyaMtara rahe che. temaja jyotiSI devatA rahe che, tethI upara bIjA devatAo vase che. eTale tyAM bAra devaloka, nava greveyika, ane pAMca anuttara vimAna eka pachI eka AvelA che. ane tenI upara siddhazilA che. AmAM greveyika e nAma paNa lokane paraSa rUpa hovAthI te puruSanI grIvA eTale DokanuM jyAM sthAna Ave tyAM te rahelA hovAthI paDela che. (grIvA - DokanA sthAne rahenAra te greveyika.) lokanI AsapAsa vAyunAM valaya eTale paDa che.

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16O jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto lokasvarUpa siddhazilA ARpAM anuttara 000/> > 000 4 4000 rA che nava gauveyika Urdhvaloka - bAra devaloka -1 | alokAkAza alokAkAza jotiSI devatA madhyaloka tirdhaka loka 1 naraka 2 nareka 3 naraka 4 naka 5 naraka 6 naraka 7 naraka nigoda vanodadhi vAta valaya dhana vAta valaya tanu vAta valatha 2. ajIvatattva AmAM pAMca dravya nAme pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza ane kAlano samAveza thAya che ane tenuM svarUpa "padravya prakaraNamAM joI gayA chIe. 3. puNyatattva puNya eTale satkarma pudgala. je karmanA phala tarIke svarga, tIrthakaratnAdi che evuM zubha karma, je zubha prakRtithI pote karelAM karma jIvone sukha Ape che te puNya.

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nava tattva puNya upArjana karavAnAM 9 kAraNa che : (1) supAtre annadAna, (2) jala pAvuM, (3) vastra ApavAM, (4) rahevAne sthAnaka ApavuM, (pa) sUvA besavAne Asana ApavAM, (6) guNIjanane dekhI manamAM saMtoSa mAnavo, (9) guNIjananI vacanathI prazaMsA karavI, (8) ane kAyAthI sevA karavI, (9) ane guNIjanane namaskAra karavo. 161 puNyathI ucca gotra, ucca kuLa, ucca gati, zarIrane sukha, sAMgopAMga zarIra, uttama zarIrano bAMdho, yaza, pUjyatA, lokapriyatA Adi aneka sukhakAraka saMyogo prApta thAya che. 4. pApatattva puNyathI viparIta te pApa, eTale azubha karma - ke jenAthI jIvone duHkha thAya ane jenAthI narakAdi phala prApta thAya che te. pApa aDhAra pApasthAnakothI baMdhAya che ane 84 azubha karmanI prakRtiothI pApa bhogavAya che - je karmanA bhedomAM jaNAvavAmAM Avela che. 18 pApasthAnako te nIce pramANe che H 1. prANAtipAta (jIvahiMsA) 2. mRSAvAda (jUThuM bolavuM) 3. adattAdAna (corI karavI), 4. maithuna (abrahmacarya) 5. parigraha (vastu viSe mArApaNuM rAkhavuM), 6. krodha 7. mAna, 8. mAyA (kapaTa), 9. lobha ema 6-9 e cAra kaSAya, 10. rAga (Asakti), 11. dveSa (IrSyA-adekhAI vagere) 12. kleza 13. abhyAkhyAna 14. paizunya (cADI khAvI te), 15. parapravAda (niMdA), 16. ciMtaarita, 17. mAyAmRSA, 18. mithyAdarzana zalya. uparyukta pApa-puNyano baMdhatattvamAM aMtarbhAva thAya che, chatAM tene judAM gaNAvavAmAM paramatavALAnA A saMbaMdhe vividha vicArono niSedha karavAno hetu che. keTalAka ema kahe che ke puNya ja che, pApa nathI; bIjA kahe che ke pApa che paNa puNya nathI; trIjA kahe pApa ane puNya baMne eka ja vastu che; keTalAka kahe che ke mUlathI karma ja nathI ane A AkhuM jagat prapaMca svabhAvasiddha che. A badhA mata yogya nathI, kAraNake sukha ane duHkha evAM be spaSTa judAMjudAM sarve anubhave che, ane tethI te sukhaduHkhanA kAraNarUpa puNya ane pApa baMne svataMtra rIte svIkAravAM ghaTe che. karmano abhAva mAnanArA ane vedAMtIo kahe che ke puNyapApa AkAzapuSpa jevAM che, sarUpa nathI to pachI temanA lanA bhoganAM sthAna svarga narakAdi kyAMthI hoya ? A vAta yogya nathI, kAraNake puNyapApa na hoya to sukhaduHkhanuM kAraNa kAMI rahyuM nahi eTale te pedA ja na thavAM joIe. ane te vAta to pratyakSa anubhavathI viruddha che. jemake manuSyatva sarvatra samAna che chatAM keTalAka svAmIpaNuM to bIjA tenuM sevakapaNuM bhogave che, koI zrImaMta, to koI kaMgAla che ityAdi badhI duHkhasukhanI vicitratA dekhAya che. to tenA kAraNarUpe pApapuNya mAnavAM joIe ane te mAnyAM eTale temanAM phalano upabhoga karavA yogya svarga-narakanAM viziSTa bhogasthAna paNa mAnavAM joIe. - vidAMtIo puNya-pApa mAne che. zAMkara vedAMtIo temane vyAvahArika satya tarIke svIkAre che, paNa vyavahAra-dazAmAM temanA niyamonA pAlanano Agraha che. pAramArthika

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192 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto daSTie AtmAne temano sparza na hovAthI te mithyA che ane temanA pratye kartutvabhAvanA na rAkhavAthI te baMdhanakAraka rahetAM nathI. pApanA jeTaluM ja puNya paNa baMdhanakAraka che ema jenomAM paNa manAya che. kuMdakuMdAcArye potAnA samayasAra Adi graMthomAM A vAta bhArapUrvaka kahI che.] 5. Asrava tattva jenAthI karma Asrava - Ave eTale jenA vaDe jIvone karmonI prApti thAya evA karmanA dvAra rUpa te Asrava che. A mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya ane yoga e pAMca baMdhahetu eTale jJAnAvaraNIyAdi karmabaMdhanA hetu che. mithyAtva - asat deva, asat guru ane asad dharmamAM sat deva, sat guru ane sat dharmarUpa mAnavAnI je buddhi te. avirati - hiMsA, corI AdithI na viramavuM te. pramAda - magha viSayAdi. kaSAya - krodha, mAna, mAyA ane lobha. yoga - mana-vacana-kAyAno vyApAra. baMdha ane Asavane saMbaMdha e che ke pUrvabaMdhane laIne (kAraNa) Asrava (kAya) thAya che. ane AsravathI (kAraNa) uttara baMdha (kAya) thAya che. e ja pramANe pUrva AsravathI (kAraNa) baMdha (kArya thAya che ane baMdhathI (kAraNa) uttara Asrava (kArya) thAya che. A pramANe baMdha ane Asrava vacce bIjAMkura jevo paraspara kAryakAraNano saMbaMdha che. AmAM anyonyAzraya doSa thato nathI, kAraNa ke pravAhanI apekSAthI baMne anAdi che. A Asrava puNya ane pApano hetu che, temaja mithyAtvAdinI nyUnatAthI nyUna ane adhikatAthI adhika thAya che. bIjI rIte AmravanA 42 bheda kahyA che. 5 iMdriya - sparza Idriya, rasa Idriya, ghANa Idriya, netraMdriya, zrotreDhiya. cAra kaSAya - 1. krodha - sacetana acetana vastuo upara jethI prANI sanimitta ke ninimitta kopa kare che. A mohanIya karmane laIne che. 2. mA te mRdutAno abhAva. AnA be prakAra che - aprApta vastu chatA ahaMkAravRtti te mAna, ane prApta thayelI vastuo vaDe je ahaMkAra thAya te mada. te mada ATha rIte che jAtimada, kulamada, balamada, rUpamada, jJAnamada, lAbhamada, tapamada ane aizvaryama. - pAMca avrata - prANAtipAta, mRSAvAda, adattAdAna, maithuna (abrahmasevana), parigraha. traNa yoga - manano vyApAra te manoyoga, vacanano vyApAra te vacanayoga ane zarIrano vyApAra te kAyayoga. pacIsa kriyA - 1. kAyikI kriyA - zarIrathI kriyA thayAM kare che. 2. adhikaraNa kriyA - kasAI pramukhazastrathI parajIvone upaghAta kare che te, 3. praddhaSinI kriyA - jIva tathA ajIva para dveSanI ciMtavanA karavI te, 4. pAritApanikI kriyA - potAne

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nava tattva 163 tathA parane paritApa upajAvavo, 5. prANAtipAtikI kriyA - ekeMdriya Adi jIvone haNavA haNAvavAnI kriyA, 6. AraMbhikI kriyA - pRthvIkAyAdi jIvanA upaghAta karavA karAvavA sAru karSaNa pramukha karavuM karAvavuM. 7. pArigrahika kriyA - dhanadhAnyAdi parigraha meLavatAM ane tenA rakSaNa sAru te paranI mUcchanA pariNAme je kriyA karavI paDe te. 8. mAyA pratyayikI kriyA - bIjAne ThagavA sAru kapaTayukta kriyA, 9. mithyAdarzana pratyayikI - asaprarUpaNA karavA rUpa kriyA, 10. apratyAkhyAtikI - saMyamane vighAtakAraka kaSAyonA udayathI paccakhANa lIdhA vinA je sarva vastunI kriyA lAge che, 11. daSTikI - kautukathI azvAdi jovA tema ja rAgAdithI kaluSita cittathI jIva ajIva jovA te, 12. smRSTikI - rAgadveSamohathI saMyukta citrathI strI AdinA zarIrane sparza karavo te, 13. prAtityakI - bIjAonA jIva ajIvAdi joI dveSa thAya ane teo pAse te kyAMthI evI asatu ciMtavanA karavI te, 14. sAmaMtopanipAtikI - potAnI saMpadAnI prazaMsAmAM harSa levA rUpa ane ughADAM vItela AdinAM pAtra rAkhavAthI trasa jIva temAM Ave te rUpa kriyA, 15. naisRSTikI - paropadezita pApamAM lAMbA vakhata sudhI pravartavuM ane pApabhAvanI anumodanA karavI. 16. svastikI - bIjA pAse je kArya karAvavAnuM hoya te AraMbhAdi vagere pote kArya karavuM te, 17. AjJApanikI - jIvAjIvAdi sUkSma padArthonI jinAjJA viruddha prarUpaNA karavA rUpa, 18. vaidAraNikI - bIjAnAM achatAM khoTAM AcaraNo pragaTa karavAM, temanI pUjAno nAza karavo te. 19. anAbhoga - je upayogathI viparIta te anAbhoga - tethI asAvadhAnIthI upalakSita kriyA, 20. anavakAMkSA pratyayikI - potAnI tema ja paranI apekSAthI viparIta te anavakAMkSA, ane tene lIdhe thayela kriyA, 21. prayoga - cAlavuM doDavuM vagere kAyAnA vyApAra, hiMsAmaya jUTha vagere bolavAnA vacananA vyApAra, ane paradroha IrSA abhimAnAdi manovyApAra - e traNenuM karavuM te. 22. samudAna - jenAthI viSaya grahaNa thAya te samudAna Idriya - tenI upaghAtarUpa kiyA te, ke jethI AThe karmanuM samudAyapaNe grahaNa thAya che. 23. premapratyayikI - mAyA temaja lobhathI thatI kriyA. 24. dveSa pratyavikI - krodha ane mAnathI thatI kriyA, 25. IpathikI - cAlavAthI je kriyA lAge che. traNa yoga - mana vacana kAyAnA vyApAra. (kaSAya ane yogathI kevA prakAre karma baMdhAya che tenuM svarUpa "AtmAne karmano saMyoga' e mathALA nIce ApeluM che) Ama sarva maLI 4ra bheda AsravanA A prakAre thayA. 6. saMvara tattva - mithyAtvAdi baMdhano hetu te Asrava. paNa te Asavano nirodha te saMvara eTale ke mithyAtva avirati pramAda kaSAya yogarUpa Amravano (1) samyagdarzana, (2) virati vrata, (3) pramAdaparihAra (4) kSamAdi, (5) guNitraya e vagere dharmanA AcaraNathI nirodha eTale nivAraNa, DhAMkavApaNuM, rUMdhana te saMvara che (saMvR=DhAMkavuM te parathI ). bIjI rIte saMvara pa7 prakAre che. pa samiti, 3 gumi, 10 yatidharma,

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164 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto 12 bhAvanA, 22 pariSaha, ane 5 cAritra, AmAMnA 22 pariSaha ane pa cAritra sivAyanA badhAnuM varNana gurutattvamAM AveluM che. tethI ahIM pariSaha, cAritra saMbaMdhI jaNAvIzuM. 22 pariSaha - pariSaha eTale veThavuM, sahana karavuM. evA 22 prakAra kahyA che ke je sahana karavAthI karma AvatAM aTake che ane te A che : 1. sudhA pariSaha - kSudhA veThavI te ane te potAnI pratijJAno bhaMga karyA vagara (eTale niravadya - nirdoSa AhAra na maLe to sAvadya na lAvavo), Arta dhyAna karyA vagara ane samyapha pariNAme veThavI. tevI ja rIte 2. pipAsA pariSaha, 3. zItapariSaha. A veThatAM akathya vastronI vAMchA na karanI joIe, tApanI vAMchA paNa nahIM, 4. uSNaparisaha - taDakAmAM cAlatAM joDA vagerenI, temaja paMkhA vagerenI vAMchA na rAkhe. pa. dezamazaka pariSaha - DAMsa, macchara mAMkaDa vagerene vedanA thatI hoya to IjA vagara tenuM nivAraNa karavuM yA samyaka pariNAme vedanA sahana karavI, 6. acela pariSaha - vastrAdi para mUccha na rAkhatAM te vizaSa maLe yA na maLe tenI darakAra na karatAM je kalya vastra maLe te ja rAkhavAM, bIjAM nahi, 7. arati pariSaha - saMyama pALatA arati utpanna thAya to sahana karavI, 8. strI pariSaha - strIonAM aMgopAMgahAsyAdi manamAM na ciMtavavAM tema te pratye vikArabuddhithI na jovuM, 9. caryApariSaha - caryA eTale cAlavuM temAM ghararahita - anagArapaNe grAma nagarAdimAM aniyata vAsa mamatvarahita karavA te. 10. niSadyA pariSaha - niSadyA eTale rahevAnA sthAnamAM rahetAM ISTa aniSTa upasarga thAya te sahana karavA, 11. zayyA pariSaha - zayA, Asana vagere game tevI maLe tethI calAvI levuM, 12. Akroza pariSaha - koI aniSTa vacana kahe tyAre krodha na karatAM sahI levuM, 13. vadha pariSaha - hastAdithI koI mAre to zarIra para mamatva na rAkhatAM sahavuM, 14. yAcanA pariSaha - mAgavAthI sarva vastu maLe che to tethI tevI buddhi rAkhI samyapha pariNAmathI sahana karavuM, 15. alAbha pariSaha - gRhastha pAsethI izkelI vastu na maLe to kheda na dharavo, 16. roga pariSaha - svarAdi roga para zAstrokta rIte upacAra karavA ne sahavA, 17. tRNasparza pariSaha - dardAdi kaThaNa ghAsano sparza sahavo, 18. malapariSaha - zarIre mela caDe che ane unALAmAM dhULa parasevA sAthe maLatAM zarIra malina thAya che to zarIranI vibhUSA na karatAM sahavuM, 19. satkAra pariSaha - satkAra koI kare to manamAM abhimAna na karatAM sahavo, 20. prajJApariSaha - atyaMta buddhi hovA chatAM abhimAna na karavuM, 21. ajJAna pariSaha - pote mUrkha, jaDa hoya te chatAM zoka na lAvavo, 22. darzana parigraha - samyagdarzana thatAM gayelI bhrAMti para vicAra karI te bhrAMtinA viSayomAM na javuM paNa sthira rahevuM. vikalatA ke tattvomAM saMdeha na lAvavA. 5 prakAranAM cAritra - 1 sAmAyika cAritra - sarva sAvadya (pApavALA) kAmano tyAga ane nirdoSa kAryanuM sevana karavuM te ke jethI zamatAno lAbha thAya. 2. chedopasthApanIya cAritra - paMca mahAvrata barAbara pALavA te, 3. parihAra vizuddhi cAritra - [zuddha cAritranA niyamonuM jJAna ane temanA pAlana mATenuM vIrya hovuM tevuM tapa.] 4. sUkSma saMparA cAritra - sUkSma saMparAya nAmanA guNasthAne pahoMcatA sAdhunuM cAritra,

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nava tatva 165 5. yathAkhyAta cAritra - sarva kaSAyano sarvathA nAza thatAM sAdhuonuM je cAritra thAya te. te kevalI (sarvajJa)ne hoya che. AmAMnAM chellAM traNa cAritra vicchinna thayela che eTale A kALamAM bhAgye ja jovAmAM AvI zake. 7. baMdhatattva saMsAramAM cha dravya che, temAMnA jIva ane pudgala e be dravyonuM zuddha ane azuddha ema be pariNamana thAya che; anya cAra dravyonuM to zuddha pariNamana thAya che. anya dravyathI lipta thayA vagara koI dravyanuM potAmAM ane potAmAM ja je piraNamana thAya tene 'zuddha pariNamana' kahevAmAM Ave che, jyAre eka dravya bIjA koI dravya sAthe maLI ekIbhAva prApta karI baMdha paryAyarUpa pariName tenA te pariNamanane 'azuddha pariNamana - vibhAva' kahevAmAM Ave che. jema haLadara ane cUnAno paraspara saMgama thavAthI pItabhAva ane zvetabhAvano tyAga thaI raktabhAvarUpa ekatva prApta karI 'azuddha pariNamana' baMne kare che. jIva ane pudgalamAM eka guNa evo che ke jene vaibhAvikI zakti' kahevAmAM Ave che, tenAthI baMnenuM azuddha pariNamana thAya che, paraMtu bAkInAM cAra dravyomAM A guNa na hovAthI te cA2 dravyonuM azuddha pariNamana thatuM nathI. A azuddha pariNamanane 'baMdha' kahevAmAM Ave che. 'baMdha' eTale baMdhana, paraspara maLavuM. : baMdha be prakArano che H eka sajAtIya baMdha, ane bIjo vijAtIya baMdha. pudgalanI sAthe pudgalano baMdha te sajAtIya baMdha che ane jIvanI sAthe pudgalano baMdha te vijAtIya baMdha che. eka jIvano bIjA jIva sAthe baMdha thato nathI, tethI jIvamAM kevala vijAtIya baMdha hoya che, jyAre pudgalamAM sajAtIya ane vijAtIya ema baMne prakAranA baMdha thAya che. kAryanI siddhi aneka kAraNo maLavAthI thAya che. AthI jIva ane pudgalamAM kevala vaibhAvika zakti hovAthI ja baMdha thaI jato nathI, paraMtu baMdha thavAmAM bIjAM sahakArI kAraNonI paNa jarU2 rahe che. puddagala dravyamAM eka sparza guNa che. e sparza guNanA snigdha ane rUkSa evA be paryAya paNa che. A snigdha ane rUkSanuM pariNamana arasaparasa maLatAM thAya che. A be paryAya pudgalano pudgala sAthe baMdha thavAmAM sahakArI kAraNa che. A sajAtIya baMdha saMbaMdhe samajavuM. eka dravya jyAre bIjA dravyanI sAthe baMdha pAme che tyAre tenuM azuddha pariNamana thAya che. A azuddha pariNamanamAM be dravyonA guNa potAnA svarUpathI cyuta thaI vikRta bhAvane bhaje che. jIva dravyano guNa paNa azuddha avasthAmAM te ja rIte vikAra pAmato rahe che. tenuM mukhya kAraNa vaibhAvikI zakti che ane sahAyakArI nimitta jIvanA guNonuM vikRta pariNamana che. AthI jIvano pudgala sAtheno baMdha azuddha avasthAmAM thAya che, zuddha avasthA thaye vikRta pariNamana thatuM nathI. vikRta pariNamana ja baMdhanuM nimitta che ane zuddha avasthAmAM teno abhAva che tethI eka vAra zuddha thayA pachI kAraNanA abhAvathI punaH kadApi baMdha thato nathI. saMsAramAM je aneka jIva jovAmAM Ave che te sarva azuddha che. jo tene zuddha mAnavAmAM Ave to krodhAdi pariNAma jIvanA

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166 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto svAbhAvika guNo Tharaze. svAbhAvika guNa nitya hoya che. paraMtu krodhAdi anitya che, tethI krodhAdi guNonA abhAvathI guNI je jIva - tenA abhAvano prasaMga Avaze. AthI jIva baMdhasahita che. athavA anumAna pramANathI jIva baMdhasahita azuddha ja siddha thaze. te A rIte ? saMsArI jIva baMdhavAnuM che, kAraNake parataMtra che. je je parataMtra che te te baMdhavAnuM che, jemake beDIe bAMdhela hAthI. - AmAM hetu asiddha nathI kAraNake tenI sattAnuM sAdhaka A anumAna che. A saMsArI parataMtra che, kAraNake teNe hIna sthAnanuM grahaNa karyuM che. je je hInasthAnanuM grahaNa kare che, te te parataMtra che, jemake kedI. - AmAM paNa hetu asiddha nathI, kAraNa ke teNe zarIrane grahaNa karI rAkhyuM che. ane te zarIrAdinuM grahaNa pratyakSa pramANa siddha che, ane zarIranuM hInasthAnapaNuM A anumAna pramANathI siddha che : zarIra hInasthAna che, kAraNake te duHkhanuM kAraNa che. je je duHkhanuM kAraNa che tene hInasthAna che jemake kedakhAnuM. A hetu devazarIramAM paNa avyabhicArI che, kAraNake maraNanuM duHkha tyAM paNa vidyamAna che. A rIte anumAna pramANathI A saMsArI jIva baMdha sahita azuddha siddha thAya che. ahIM zaMkA UThe che ke saMsArI jIva anAdikAlathI azuddha che ke pUrve zuddha hato ane pachIthI azuddha thayo ? - uttaramAM nivedana karavAnuM ke A jIva saMtAnakramathI bIjavRkSavatu anAdikAlathI azuddha che. jo pahelAM zuddha hato to vinA kAraNa pachIthI kema azuddha thaI zake ? jo vinA kAraNa azuddha thaI gayo, to pachI te azuddha thayA pahelAM azuddha kema na thaI gayo ? - ane ema mAnIzuM to mukta jIvane paNa punaHbaMdhano prasaMga Avaze. vinA kAraNa kArya thavAthI kAryakAraNa bhAvanA bhaMgano prasaMga prApta thaze. jo ema koI kahe ke anAdikAlanI azuddhatA anaMtakAla sudhI rahevI joIe to te paNa ThIka nathI, kAraNa ke DAMgarano bIjavRkSa saMbaMdha anAdikAlathI cAlyo Avyo che, paraMtu jyAre DAMgara parathI photarAM ukheDI nAMkhavAmAM Ave to te bhAta aneka prayatna karyA chatAM paNa UgatA nathI. te ja rIte jIvane paNa anAdi saMtAnakramathI vikRta bhAvo vaDe karmabaMdha agara karmanA udayathI vikRtabhAva thato cAlyo che, paraMtu jyAre photarAM rUpI vikRtabhAva judo thaI jAya che to pachI cokhArUpI zuddha jIvane aMkurotpattirUpI karmabaMdha thato nathI. je rIte lohacuMbakamAM loDhAne AkarSaNa karavAnI zakti che, ane loDhAmAM AkarSita thavAnI zakti che, ane bIjA padArthomAM tevI zaktinA abhAvathI te bIjA padArtha loDhAne kheMcatA nathI, tema te lohacuMbaka te loDhA sivAya bIjA padArthane kheMcatuM nathI, te ja rIta pudgalanA 22 prakAranA skaMdhomAMthI kevala pAMca nAme AhAravargaNA taijasavargaNA, bhASAvargaNA, manovargaNA ane kAzmaNa vargaNA jIvanI AkarSaNazaktithI kheMcAya che ane jIva tene potAnI AkarSaNa zaktithI kheMce che. jIva ane A pAMca

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nava tattva 167 skaMdho sivAyanAM bIjAM dravya tathA skaMdhomAM AkarSaka-AkarSa zaktino abhAva hovAthI Akarma-AkarSaka bhAva hoto nathI. jIvanI A AkarSaka zakti arthAt eka guNanA vikRta pariNAmane "yoga" kahevAmAM Ave che. "yoga" eTale manovAkkAya vyApAra. A yogazaktinA nimittathI anukUla kSetramAM avasthita paMca skaMdha kheMcAI AkarSaNa karanAra jIvanI sAthe baMdha paryAya prApta karI eka kSetrAvagAharUpa avasthita rahe che. jIva ane pudgalanA A rItanA eka kSetrAvagAharUpa avasthAnane baMneno baMdha kahevAmAM Ave che; ane A eka kSetrAvasthAnane lIdhe paMca kaMdhonA Agamanane dravyAava' kahevAmAM Ave che. ubhaya baMdhanA kAraNabhUta jIvanI yogazaktine 'bhAvabaMdha' kahe che; tathA dravyAstravanA kAraNabhUta jIvanI yogazaktine bhAvAtraMva' kahe che, ane paMcaskaMdhonI AkaSyazaktine 'dravyabaMdha" kahe che. A pAMca kaMdho ane jIvano saMbaMdha kevo che ke jevo kSIra ane nIrano saMbaMdha che tema. agni ane lohano saMbaMdha che tema paraspara anupravezAtmaka saMbaMdha che, paNa kaMcukika kaMcuka saMbaMdha jevo nahi.) A anupravezAtmaka saMbaMdhane baMdha' kahevAmAM Ave che. ahIM koI zaMkA kare ke amUrta evo jIva tene hastAdi to che nahi eTale levA mUkavAnI zakti paNa nathI, to tene "karyagrahaNa" kema saMbhave ? Ano uttara e ke jIvane ekAMte amUrta tarIke jainadarzanamAM mAnyo nathI. jIva ne karmano saMbaMdha anAdi che eTale ubhaya kSIranIranI peThe eka hoya tema pariNAma pAme che ane e ja rIte mUrta hoya te peThe karyagrahaNa kare che. karmane kAMI hAthe karIne pakaDavuM ke levuM paDe tevuM nathI, te paugalika che. chatAM rAgadveSamoharUpI pariNAma - sad asad adhyavasAyavizeSathI jIvA telamAM paDela zarIra jevo thAya che, telavALA zarIra para jema raja coTe che te pramANe jIvanuM karmayogya pudgala sAthe saMmizraNa che. jIvanA prati pradeza anaMta paramANuno saMzleSa thavAthI jIvane karma sAthe je mArge javApaNuM thAya che tethI jIvanuM saMsArAvasthAmAM manuSya, tiryaMca Adi rUpa mUrtitva paNa sthAvAdIo (jeno) svIkAre che. ukta paMca skaMdhomAMnI pahelI kAmaNa vargaNAnA skaMdhanA baMdhanuM svarUpa jaNAvIe. kAmaNa skaMdhano baMdha cAra prakAre che : (1) prakRtibaMdha (2) pradezabaMdha (3) sthitibaMdha (4) anubhAgabaMdha. (1) prakRtibaMdha - kAzmaNaskaMdha aneka bheda svarUpa che ane te skaMdhomAM jIvanA guNone haNavAno temaja dAbI devAno svabhAva arthAt prakRti (nature) che. prakRti ane prakRtivAnamAM kathaMcit abheda che, te mATe prakRti zabdathI jIvanA guNone haNavAnA ke dAbI devAnA svabhAvavALA kAmaNa kaMdhonuM grahaNa che. bhAvArthamAM jIvanA aneka zubhAzubha pariNAmavALA yogathI jIvanA guNonA ghAtaka svabhAvavALA kAmaNa skaMdhono jIva sAthe saMbaMdha - baMdha tene prakRtibaMdha' kahe che. mUla prakRti jJAnAvaraNa Adi ATha che. 2) pradezabaMdha - badhyamAna - baMdha thavAvALA kAmaNa skaMdhomAM paramANuonI saMkhyA (extent)ne - karmanI saMkhyAne pradezabaMdha' kahe che. paramANuno samUha pradeza.

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168 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto A kArpaNa skaMdha ja jyAre jIvanI sAthe baMdha pAme che tyAre te karma kahevAya che. (3) sthitibaMdha - A karmano baMdha thavAnA samayathI jeTalo kAla pachI phala Ape te kAlasthiti -- maryAdA. eTale udAharaNa tarIke A prakRti ATalA vakhata sudhI jIvanI sAthe raheze, pachI nahi rahe, evI jenAthI sthiti thAya tene 'sthitibaMdha' kahevAmAM Ave che. sthiti=rahevuM te.' (4) anubhAgabaMdha-anubhAga=rasa. ukta prakRtiomAM tIvra, maMda rasa je hoya ane tethI karmanI phaladevAnI zaktinI nyUnAdhiktA thAya te "anubhAgabaMdha'kahevAmAM Ave che. ukta cAra baMdhano bodha thavA lADavAnuM daSTAMta laIe. 1. jema koI lADu trikaTu (sUMTha, pIpara ane marI)no banAvela hoya to teno svabhAva vAyunuM haraNa karavAno che, zIta dravyono banAvela hoya to teno svabhAva pittaharaNa karavAno che, tathA araDUso ane kSArAdi vastuno karelo hoya to teno svabhAva kaphaharaNa karavAno che. te ja rIte karmano judo judo svabhAva che. koI karmano jJAnane Avarita karavAno, koIno darzanAvaraNa vagere te prakRti (svabhAva) baMdha che, 2. koI lADu vajanamAM pAzera, koI zera ema hoya che tema koI karmanA pradeza saMkhyAmAM thoDA, koI ghaNA ema hoya che te pradezabaMdha. 3. koI lADu eka divasa pachI bagaDI jAya che, koI be, traNa divasa pachI, koI mAsa pachI bagaDe che, tevI ja rIte koI karmanI sthiti aMtarmuhUrta, to koInI prahara, divasa, pakSa, mAsa, yAvatuM 70 koTAkoTI sAgaropama sudhInI che. A sthitibaMdha. 4. koI lADuno rasa kaDavo, koIno mITho, ema koI karmano rasa sukharUpa, to koIno duHkharUpa che. saMsAramAM je avasthA jIvonI thayAM kare che te te sarve karmanA anubhAgathI (rasathI) ja thAya che. A rasabaMdha - anubhAgabaMdha. ghaNA nibiDa ane saMkSipta bhAvathI karela karmanA baMdhane 'nikAcita baMdha kahevAmAM Ave che. tevo baMdha kaSAyanI maMdatA ke tIvratA upara AdhAra rAkhe che, arthAtu kaSAyanI maMdatAthI zakya karmanuM upArjana thAya che ane kaSAyanI tIvratAthI azubha karma baMdhAya che. prakRtibaMdha ane pradezabaMdhanuM kAraNa yoga che, tathA sthitibaMdha ane anubhAgabaMdhanuM kAraNa kaSAya che. A cAre prakAranA baMdhanA kAraNabhUta evA jIvanA yoga ane kaSAyarUpa pariNAmone 'bhAvabaMdha" kahevAmAM Ave che. jainamAM pariNAma - mananA adhyavasAyathI baMdha - karmano baMdha thAya che. gItA kahe che ke sAdhAraNa rIte karma e baMdhananuM kAraNa che. paNa evI rIte karmanuM anuSThAna karI zakAya ke karma paNa karAya ane karmathI baMdhana paNa na thAya. kamanI AvI kuzaLatAne 1. sthiti ochAmAM ochI ane vadhumAM vadhu AThe karmanI jaina zAstrakAre jaNAvelI che. jJAnAvaraNIya karmanI tathA darzanAvaraNIya karmanI tathA aMtarAyakarmanI - darekanI jaghanya eka aMtarmuhUrta ane utkRSTa sthiti 30 sAgaropama koTAkoTI che. vedanIyanI jaghanya 12 muhUrta ane utkRSTa 30 sAgaropama koTAkoTI che, darzanamohanIya ane cAritramohanIyanI jaghanya aMtarmuhUrta ane utkRSTa anukrame 70 ane 40 sAgaropama koTAkoTI sthiti che. nAma ane gotra kamanI jaghanya 8 muhUrta ane utkRSTa 20 sAgaropama koTAkoTI sthiti che ane AyukarmanI jaghanya aMtarmata ane utkRSTa 33 sAgaropamanI sthiti che.

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nava tattva 169 gItAmAM karmayoga' kahevAmAM Ave che, ane Avo karmayoga siddha karavA mATe traNa pagathiyAM anukrame darzAve che. (1) phalanI icchA choDI devI. RSyavAdhikkAraste || haju jIvana | (2) kartApaNAnuM abhimAna choDI devuM. (3) IzvarArpaNa - badhAM karma Izvarane arpaNa karavAM. karma jALarUpa thaIne jIvane baMdhana kare che tenuM mukhya kAraNa jIvanI ahaMkArabuddhi che. ApaNe je karma karIe chIe tenI sAthe AtmAno yoga karI daIe chIe tethI karma AtmAne baMdharUpa thAya che ane tenuM phaLa jIvane bhogavavuM paDe che. tethI gItAmAM kahyuM che ke : nA muktaM kSIyate karma kalpakoTizatairapi / avazyameva bhoktavyaM kRtaM karma zubhAzubham / / - bhogavyA sivAya to koTikalpa paNa karmano nAza thato nathI. karelAM karmanAM zubhAzubha phaLa avazya bhogavavAM paDe che. A bhoganuM kAraNa kartutvAbhimAna, huM karuM chuM evuM abhimAna - mAnyatA che. paNa gItA kahe che ke jIva vAstavika rIte akartA che. to kastRtva abhimAna kADhI nAMkhI phalanI nirapekSAe sarva karmanuM phaLa IzvaramAM samarpaNa karavuM ke jethI abhimAna cAlyuM jAya - A traNa pagathiyAMmAMnA upadezane jainanA sAdUvAdamaya aneka dRSTivALA siddhAMtone sarakhAvavA ghaTe che. jene paNa nizcaya AtmAne karmano kartA mAnatuM nathI - jyAM sudhI saMsArI che - karmayukta che tyAM sudhI mAne che ane te vyavahArathI. 8. nirjarA tattva jIva sAthe baMdhAyelA jJAnAvaraNIyAdi karmanuM dezathI nirjaravuM - chUTA paDI javuM te nirjarA tattva. saMpUrNa nirjarA thatAM mokSa prApta thAya che. nirjarA je sAdhanathI thAya che te tapa che. te tapanA 12 prakAra che ke jenuM svarUpa gurutattvamAM Apela che. A 12 prakAranA tapathI nirjarAnA bAra bheda gaNAya che. nirjarA be prakAre che. 1. sakAmAM nirjarA ane 2. akAmAM nirjarA. sakAmA eTale kAma - IcchA sahita - icchAnA AtyaMtika nAza vagara. te ati duSkara tapazcaryA, kAyotsarga, 22 parISaha Adi AcaranArA, mastakano kezaloca Adi kAyakleza karanArA, aDhAra hajAra sIlAMga dhAranArA, bAhya-AMtara sarva parigraha pariharanArA evA cAritrIone hoya che, ane jyAre te aMtya zarIrI - caramazarIrI (bauddha paribhASAmAM "anAgAmI') thAya che tyAre tene akAmAM nirjarA prApta thAya che - tyAM je kriyA thAya che te koIpaNa jAtanA kAma - icchA vagara thAya che. 9. mokSatattva A saMbaMdhamAM - mokSa che ane mokSano upAya che e viSayomAM AtmavAdanA prakaraNamAM kahevAI gayuM che, topaNa TUMkamAM eka tattva tarIke thoDuMka jaNAvIe : jIvano baMdhAyelAM karmothI AtyaMtika viyoga te dehAdino mokSa kahevAya che. saMdeha - dehI jIvane deha sAthe Idriya, AyuSu, traNa veda (strI, puruSa ane napuMsaka veda-jAti), kaSAyAdi saMga, ajJAna, puNya-apuNya, varNa-gaMdha-rasa-sparza, punarjanmagrahaNa Adi che to te sameta dehAdino AtyaMtika eTale sarva prakAre sthAyI viyoga te ja mokSa che.

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170 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto ahIM koI zaMkA kare ke dehano AtyaMtika viyoga deha Adi sahita hovAthI saMbhave, paraMtu rAgAdi anAdithI che teno AtyaMtika viyoga kema saMbhave ? kAraNake je anAdi che te vinAza pAmatuM nathI. AnuM samAdhAna e che ke joke rAgAdi doSa jIvanamAM anAdi che topaNa jemAM [ke jene vize ke jene lIdhe te rAgAdi doSa utpanna thAya che eTale ke strI zarIrAdimAM, tenuM mUlatattva - vastutattva samajAya che tyAre te rAgAdinI pratipakSa bhAvanA pedA thAya che ane tethI rAgAdi pratikSaNa ochA thatA ja jAya che. A parathI jaNAya che ke kAla Adi khAsa sAmagrI hoya, bhAvanAno prakarSa hoya to rAgAdino kSaya te nimUla thAya teTalA pramANamAM paNa thaI zake. jo ema na thAya to rAgAdi ochA thAya che te paNa na saMbhave. vaLI je sahabhU svabhAva che te nitya che teno nAza na thaI zake, paNa je sahakArIsaMpAdya svabhAvavALA eTale mAtra sAthe saMyogAnuvaza ke bIjI rIte sahAya ApavA khAtara rahenArA evA je kaMI hoya - jemake ahIM rAgAdi te nitya na hovAthI te je nimittathI udbhave che teno nAza thatAM teno paNa samULago nAza thaI zake. Urdhvagamana - sarva karmano kSaya thatAM AtmA tethI taddana halako - karmabhAra rahita thAya che tethI te Urdhvagamana karI siddhine pAme che. Urdhvagamana kema thAya ? e praznanA uttaramAM kahevAnuM ke tema thavAmAM cAra hetuM che ? (1) pUrvaprayogathI tema thAya che arthAt aciMtya AtmavIryathI siddha thavA pahelAM upAMtya be samayamAM karmano kSaya karavA vAste je vyApAra prAraMbha karyo hato tenAthI jemake kuMbhAranuM cAka pUrvaprayoga pharyA kare che tema. hIMcako ke bANa pUrvaprayoga karatAM potAnI kriyA kare che tema. (2) asaMgatva - karmasaMgatirahita thavAthI Urdhvagati thAya che. jevI rIte mATInA lepathI rahita thatAM tuMbaDAnI jalamAM Urdhvagati thAya che tema. (3) baMdhacchada - gADha baMdhanathI rahita thatAM. jema eraMDaphala bIjAdi baMdhanothI chUTuM thatAM Urdhva UThe tema karmabIjathI baMdhano viccheda thatAM siddha paNa Urdhvagamana kare. (4) Urdhvagaurava - UrdhvasvabhAva. AtmAno Urdhva javAno mUla nija svabhAva che. jemake agnino Urdhvajvalana svabhAva che tema AtmAno paNa Urdhvagamana svabhAva che. cha vezyA nizyanta ti ne | manoyo varnAnitarAma: tattvArtha sUtra bhASyaTIkA 2,7. mananA vyApAra para AdhArita AtmAno pariNAma te vezyA. je kAraNathI pApakarma baMdhAya che te azubha karma ane puNyakarma baMdhAya che te zubha karma kahevAya che. tevI ja rIte vezyA paNa zubha ane azubha ema be prakAranI hoya che. zubha legyAthI puNya ane azubha lezyAthI pApa baMdha thAya che, arthAt tIvra kaSAyathI azubha, ane maMda kaSAyathI zubha lezyA thAya che. saMsAramAM dareka vastunAM traNa pada : uttama, madhyama ane jaghanya. A rIte zubha ane azubha lezyAonA traNa traNa bheda che. duniyAnI kharAba vastune kALA raMganI ane sArI vastune zveta raMganI upamA devAmAM Ave che. A kAraNathI bUrA manuSyonAM

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cha lezyA mana kALAM kahevAmAM Ave che; A ja pramANe lezyAonAM nAma raMgo uparathI rAkhavAmAM AvyAM che. je sarvathI azubha lezyA che te zyAma che, madhyama azubhano raMga nIla che, kAraNake kALA raMgathI nIlo raMga kaMI vadhAre sAro che, ane je jaghanya azubha lezyA che te kApota (kabUtaranA jevA) raMganI che kAraNa ke te raMga vadhAre khullo hoya che. ane zubhalezyA uttama zukla (sapheda) raMganI, madhyama lAla raMganI ane jaghanya pIta (pIlA) raMganI hoya che. A cha lezyAonuM eka suMdara udAharaNa ApavAmAM AvyuM che. koI jaMgalamAM cha manuSya jatA hatA. mArgamAM eka AmravRkSa AvyuM ke jemAM kerIo majAnI pAkI gaI hatI. kALI lezyA vALAne te phaLa khAvAnI eTalI badhI icchA thaI ke teNe vRkSane jaDa mULathI ukhADI levAno vicAra karyo. nIla lezyAvALo moTI DALI kApavA taiyAra thayo, kapota lezyAvALo nAnI DAMkhaLIne kApavA lAgyo, ane pILI lezyAvALAe kAcAMpAkAM sarva prakAranAM phaLa toDavAnuM zarU karyuM, lAla lezyAvALAe pAkAM phaLa toDyAM paraMtu zukla lezyAvALAe vRkSa sAme kAMIpaNa najara nAkhatAM je phaLa nIce paDyAM hatAM te 52 saMtoSa rAkhyo. A parathI mananA pariNAmanI dhArA eka lezyAmAM ane bIjI lezyAmAM keTale darajje judI rahe che te spaSTa samajI zakAya tema che. cha lezyAnuM svarUpa juduM juduM che te jaNAvIe : 171 1. kRSNa - eka puruSa lUMTa khUna Adi duSTa karmothI dhanane pedA kare che, tathA bahena-strInI darakAra karato nathI tathA potAnI putrIne rUpiyA laI koI bUDhA sAthe paraNAve che ane icchA kare che ke bUDho jamAI marI jAya to teno badho mAla potAnA kabajAmAM Ave. athavA ema icche che ke mAro duzmana marI jAya athavA teno mAnIto dIkaro marI jAya. 2. nIla - eka puruSa corI kare che paNa jabaradastI karato nathI tathA dahADe vezyAsevana kare che paraMtu bahena, bhANeja, strInI darakAra rAkhe che, tathA potAnI putrIne bUDhA zrImaMta sAthe rUpiyAnI lAlacathI paraNAve che, paraMtu te vidhavA thAya evuM icchato nathI, tathA potAnA zatrunI hAni icche che, paraMtu teno nAza thAya agara teno putra marI jAya evuM cAhato nathI. 3. kapota eka puruSa coranI peThe rAte corI karavA jato nathI, paraMtu jUThuM bolI dagAkapaTa karI koIne nukasAna karI pote dhana kamAya che tathA vezyAsevana kare che, paraMtu bahu chAnI rIte, tathA koI vakhata rUpiyA laI putrIne paraNAve che paNa mAnabaDAIne khAtara juvAna zrImaMtanI sAthe - pachI bhale te yogya na hoya; potAnA zatrunI hAni te icchato nathI paraMtu jhaghaDA karI laDI tene jItavAnI icchA rAkhe che. 4. pIta - eka puruSa dagA, chaLakapaTa ityAdithI dravya kamAto nathI paraMtu rUpiyA pedA karavA mATe eTalo badho zrama veThe che ke te sivAya tene bIjuM kaMI sUjhatuM nathI; agara dravyanI hAni thaI jAya to paNa zrama kheDe che; tathA vezyAsevana to karato nathI, paraMtu strImAM premathI eTalo badho phaselo che ke bIjAM kAmomAM tene laIne kharAbI thAya che, paraMtu te saMbaMdhe kaMI vicAra karato nathI. tathA potAnI putrIno vivAha eka yogya

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172 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto varanI sAthe kare che paraMtu nAmanAnI IcchAthI pote adhika kharca kare che ke jethI pote ja nirdhana svayameva bane che, ane pachI zrama kare che. tathA zatrunI hAni to icchato nathI paraMtu zatruthI potAne dUra rAkhavA ane tethI potAne kaSTa na thAya tema karavA icchA rAkhe che. 5. rakta - lAla - eka puruSa nyAyathI dravya kamAya che. paraMtu matalabathI adhika kamAto nathI ane jo kamAya che to udAratAthI teno kharca karI nAMkhe che ane dravyahAni thAya to bilakula zoka karato nathI tema dravya kamAvA mATe tallIna raheto nathI. paraMtu potAno samaya dharmadhyAna ane lokanuM bhaluM karavAmAM vyatIta kare che, ane dharmadhyAnane potAno dharma samaje che tathA dravyane dharmadhyAnamAM kharce harSa mAne che, vezyAsevana to zuM paNa potAnI strInA mohamAM paNa tallIna raheto nathI. IdriyanA viSayabhogano sarvathA tyAgI nathI, paraMtu tenI Asakti paNa nathI. tathA potAnI putrIne yogya varanI sAthe paraNAve che ane evuM koI paNa kArya karato nathI ke jethI potAnI putrI ane jamAIne kaSTa thAya. tathA zatrunI zatrutA dUra karavA cAhe che ane tene mATe tenI khuzAmata karavAnuM agara mAphI cAhe che; ane vicAre che ke zatrunI sAthe zatrutA karavAthI zatrutA maTatI nathI paraMtu mitratA karavAthI maTe che. 6. zukla - eka puruSa dravyanI IcchA rAkhato nathI ane dravyane mATe koI tajavIja paNa karato nathI. koI goThavaNa kaMIka maLI jAya to temAM ja saMtoSa mAnI tenAthI ja potAno nirvAha kare che, ane viSayabhogathI taddana dUra rahe che tathA saMtAnathI rAga karato nathI tema koIne zatru samajato nathI ane A bAbatane hamezAM lakSyamAM rAkhe che ke huM sarva jIvo pratye maitrIbhAva rAkhuM, guNIjanone dekhI huM tenA guNathI mugdha banI prasanna thAuM. huM tenI yathAzakti sevA karI yogya bhakti karuM. dInaduHkhI ajJAnIjanonI huM tanamanadhanathI sevA kare, tenuM duHkha dUra kare. ane je manuSyo sAthe mAre sAruM che tenI sAthe mAro zatrubhAva nathI tema ja mitratA nathI, paNa mAdhyastha bhAva che.' A prakAre vezyAonuM svarUpa samajI bUrI lezyAno tyAga karavo joIe ane uttama grahaNa karavA yogya che. A vAtone dhAraNa karavAthI ja vAstavika kalyANa thaI zake che tathA ratnatraya dharma (samyagdarzana - jJAna - cAritra) grahaNa thaI zake che.' jaina daSTie jIvanI utkrAnti | vedAntIo jene avidyA kahe che, sAMkhyo jene kleza kahe che, jeno jene kama kahe che, bauddho jene vAsanA - tRSNA kahe che, zaivo (pAzupato) jene pAza kahe che te bhavanuM kAraNa che eTale tethI saMsArabaMdha thAya che. A karmathI jIva anaMtabhavomAM bhramaNa karyA kare che. jIvane karmano saMbaMdha jainadarzana anusAra anAdi che. anAdi kALathI khANamAM rahelA suvarNa sAthe jema mATI Adino maLa lAgela che tema AtmA sAthe karma lAgelAM che, te karmano kSaya karavA arthe ane tethI AtmAnA sahaja guNa - anaMta 1. gRhasthavicAra', pR. 11-13.

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jaina dRSTie jIvanI utkrAnti darzana, anaMta jJAna, anaMta cAritra pragaTAvavA parama puruSArtha karavAnI jarUra che. suvarNa jema khANamAM mATIthI AvRta hoya tyAre paNa tenAmAM suvarNatva to raheluM che ja, tevI rIte cetana jIva karmAvRta hoya tyAre paNa tenAmAM zuddha cetanatva to hoya che ja eTale cetanamAM je mahAn guNo che te bahArathI levA javAnA nathI, paraMtu tenI sAthe pracchanna - AvRtarUpe rahelAM che te kriyA, yoga, tapa, saMyama vagere dvArA karmamaLa dUra ka2vA arthe lIdhelA parama puruSArthathI vyakta karavAnA che. ukta karma ATha prakAranAM che ane tenA uttara bhedo tathA te pratyekanuM tAratamya bahu bhedivabhedamAM vaheMcAI gayela che. 1. AtmAnA jJAnaguNanuM AvaraNa kare te jJAnAvaraNIya karma, 2. darzanaguNanuM AvaraNa kare te darzanAvaraNIya, 3. vastuprAptimAM, tenA dAnamAM, bhogopabhogAdimAM pratyavAya kare - vighnabhUta thAya te aMtarAya karma, 4. saMsAramAM ane tattvajJAnamAM satya mArga sUjhavA na detAM mUMjhavI nAMkhe te mohanIya karma, 5. cetanane aneka jAtimAM janma ApI tene avanavA anubhava karAve te nAmakarma, 6. uccanIca jAtimAM avataraNa karAve te gotra karma, 7. pratyeka bhavamAM amuka kALa sudhI sthiti karAve te AyuSu karma, 8. zArIrika sukhaduHkhano anubhava karAve te vedanIya karma. A ATha karmonA aneka bhedo thAya che ane te cetana upara lAgyA kare che ane teno bhogakALa - udayakALa thaye phaLa ApI kharI paDe che, (e saMbaMdhI vizeSa vivecana AgaLa para jovAmAM Avaze.) cetana jyAM sudhI mithyAtva dazAmAM - ajJAnamAM vartato hoya che tyAM sudhI A sarva karmo tenI pracuratA sAthe hoya che. sarva karmamaLa dUra karyA pachI jIva mokSe jAya che. mokSe gayA pachI eTale eka vakhata sarva karmamaLano sarvathA nAza karyA pachI pharIvAra tene karmamaLa lAgato nathI. eTale karmanuM kArya je saMsAra te thato nathI eTale mokSamAM gayA pachI cetananuM punaH saMsAramAM avataraNa thatuM nathI. A mukta jIvone 'siddha' - 'mukta' kahevAmAM Ave che. 1 siddha sivAyanA jIvo bAhya dRSTie be prakAre kalpAyelA pratyakSa anubhavavAmAM Ave che - temAM eka avyavahArarAzi ane bIjo vyavahA2Azi: sUkSma nigodanA jIvo avyavahArarAzi che ane te sivAyanA badhA jIvo ke jemAM skUla (bAdara) nigodanA jIvono samAveza thAya che te vyavahArarAzi che. eTale jene vyavahAramAM laI zakAya - - jenI gaNatarI karI jenA bhedAdi paDI zake te. sUkSma nigoda ane bAdara nigoda - baMne jAtanA nigoda jIvothI akhila vizva vyApta che. jema kAjala mezane - 1 1. avyavahArarAzimAM anaMta jIvo ekeMdriya avasthAmAM AkhA vizvamAM bharelA che te sUkSma che - AMkhe joI zakAya tevA nathI, eka zvAsocchvAsamAM eka nigodajIvanA sADAsoLa bhava thAya che ane tevI sthitimAM te anaMta kALa bhava karyA kare che. eka sthitimAM eka soyanA agrabhAga jeTalAmAM te jIvanA asaMkhya goLaka hoya che ane eka goLakamAM anaMta jIvo hoya che. e jIvone nigodanA (infinitesimally small souls) kahevAmAM Ave che. vicAra karyAM vagara (akAma nirjarAthI) gharSaNa pUrNana nyAyathI karmano aMzamAM kSaya thatAM emAMthI jIva unnata sthitimAM Ave che. A nigodanuM svarUpa jainagraMthomAM vistArathI che. AvA jIvo koIpaNa darzanamAM gaNelA ke gaNAvelA nathI. 173

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto -- DAbalImAM bharavAmAM Ave che tevI ja rIte samagraloka nigodanA jIvothI ThAMsIThAMsIne aMta2rahita bharelo che. (AthI jyAM juo tyAM jIva AtmA che ane e dRSTie akhila vizvamAM jIva vyApaka che ema jaino mAne che.) jevI rIte samudra jalabharyo hoya che ane temAMthI amuka taraMgo vamaLa vyavahAramAM pratyakSa jaNAya che. tevI ja rIte samagraloka jIvathI bharelo che. te jIvomAMthI keTalAka jIvo jalataraMgavat vyavahAramAM pratyakSa paribhramaNa karatA jaNAya che. te vyavahArarUpa ja jaNAtA vyavahA2rAzinA jIvone mukhya cAra prakAre - caturgatimAM vaheMcavAmAM Avela che nAka, tiryaMca, deva ane manuSya. A cAra gatimAM jIva paribhramaNa karyA kare che. A vyavahA2rAzi jIvomAMthI jeTalA manuSyabhave karmano kSaya sarvathA karI siddha thAya teTalA ja jIvo avyavahA2AzimAMthI vyavahArarAzimAM Ave e aTala siddhAMta svIkRta tarIke jaino mAne che; tethI A vyavahArarAzi jIvonI saMkhyA vadhe nahi tema ghaTe paNa nahi. jema mATInuM bIjuM pagathiyuM ghaTa vagere che tevI ja rIte avyavahA2AzinuM bIjuM pagathiyuM vyavahA2Azi upa2 pramANe caturdhA che ane te cAra gati lokamAM vyavaharAtI jovAmAM Ave che. 1 174 AvI rIte avyavahArarAzinA nigodamAMthI akAma nirjarA thatAM ghuNAkSaranyAye niyata kAraNano paripAka thavAthI jIva vyavahAra nigodamAM Ave che; tyAra pachI bAdara (skUla) vanaspati, vAyu, agni, jaLa ane pRthvI ke je sarva ekeMdriya nAme sparzedriyayukta che temAM Ave che, temAMthI vaLI kAMIka nirjarA (karmano kSaya) thatAM te dvIdriyamAM Ave tyAM jihvA iMdriya, bhASA ane zarIrAdika adhikaraNanI vRddhi thAya che ane tethI zubhAzubha adhyavasAyanI nyUnAdhikatA (tAratamya) thatAM akAma nirjarAnI bahulatA thAya 1. jaino jinamaMdiramAM jAya che tyAre nIcenA AkAramAM akSata vagerethI svastika (sAthiyo) karI te para akSatAdinI traNa DhagalI karI te upara ardhacaMdrAkAra - ardhamAtrAnusvara karavAmAM Ave 40 che. AmAM svastikanAM cAra pAMkhaDAM te upara jaNAvela narakAdi cAra vyavahAradA - gati sUcave che (avyavahA22Azi mATe to kAMI kahevAnuM ja nathI. vyavahAramAM jeje AvelA che temane mATe ja e sUcana che. svastika uparanI traNa DhagalI te jJAna, darzana, ane cAritra e ratnatraya sUcave che ane tenI upara ardha mAtrAnusvara te 'siddhazilA' mokSasthAna-ajarAmaracakra (zirAtre ke lokAge) -- turya ane turyAtIta darzanacihna che. Ano bhAvArtha e che ke cAra gati vyavahAramAM paribhramaNa karanArA jIvo jyAre cAra gatithI bhinna thaI, madhyastha thaI potAno pracchanna anAdinidhAnarUpa guNa jJAna, darzana ane cAritranI upAsanA karI AtmasAkSAtkAra karIne pUrNa thaze tyAre ja te siddhi pAmaze. (jainoe upacArathI mATelI 'siddhazilA'e jaze - nizcaye mukti pAmaze) - nijarUpe sthita thaze arthAt tenuM caturgatirUpa vyavahAranuM paribhramaNa maTaze. A parathI svastika karanArA jaine e hetu lakSamAM rAkhavo joIe ke zrI jinadeva A pramANe ArAdhana karIne tarI gayAnA dRSTAMta rUpa che mATe teNe paNa zrI jinadeva peThe prabala puruSArtha dvArA nijasvarUpe sthita thavAno prayAsa karavo joIe. A pramANe svastika racavAmAM vAstava ane vicArapUrvaka prayojana rAkheluM che.

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jaina daSTie jIvanI utkrAnti 175 to UMce caDI trIdriyamAM Ave, nahi to eTale hiMsAdika doSanI bahulatA thAya to pharI ekedriyamAM jAya, ne tyAM utkRSTa anaMtakAla rahI punaH koI akAmanirjarAnA yogathI dvIddhiya, trIdriya, caturiMdriya e traNa vikaseMdriya jIva (be, traNa, cAra IdriyavALA jIva)nI gaNanAmAM Ave che. ahIM iMdriya, prANa, paryAmi vadhatAM adhikaraNa paNa vadhe ane tethI hiMsAdi kAraNanI vRddhi thAya to pAcho patana pAmI ekaeNkriyAdimAM AvI jAya, ane jo sAmAnya rahe to potAnI dvADhiyAdi jAtimAM rahe ane chedanabhedana rUpa akAmanirjarA thAya to tene yoge UMco paNa caDe. Ama vikaseMdriyamAMthI ekeMdriya ne ekeMdriyamAMthI vikaseMdriya ema anaMta pherA khAdhAM kare. ema karatAM AgaLa vadhI paMceMdriya tiryaMcamAM Ave che. paMcedriya tiryaMcanA be bheda che. 1. garbhaja 2.mUrchAima. saMmUrchAimane mana nathI - te mUcchamAM ja paDyA rahe che chatAM temAM zarIra, prANa, pati, Ayu pramukha adhikaraNanI vRddhi thAya tethI hiMsAdikanI bahulatA thatAM pahelI narake javuM paDe, ane kadAca jo akAma nirjarA chedanabhedana zItatApAdikarUpe karavAmAM Ave to tethI garbhaja tiryaMca ke garbhaja manuSya thAya. tyAM prANa tathA paryApti pUrNa hoya tethI pAMca Amrava-karmaDhAra-baMdhahetu seve, Arnaroddha dhyAna dhare to karmasthiti dIrgha kare ane tema thatAM koI jIvo prabala hiMsAdikathI pAcho ekeMdriyamAM jAya, athavA chedanabhedana tApazItAdi sahana karato jAti sarala pariNAmI thaI tIvra saMkleza na kare to tevI akAmanirjarAthI koI jIva devagatimAM jAya, athavA manuSya thAya. have jo devagatimAM tema karatAM jAya to tyAM atizaya viSayAsakta banI tIvra saMkleze marIne tiryaMca paMcedriya garbhaja thAya, tyAM bahula hiMsAdika karI narake jAya athavA pAcho paDI caturiMdriyathI ekeMdriya ema cakramAM jAya. vaLI tyAMthI nIkaLI paMcedriyapaNuM pAlatAM anaMtakALa vItI jAya, ane jo devagatimAMthI manuSya thAya to aparipAkapaNAthI bahulatAe anArya kSetra ane anAryakulamAM janma pAmI anArya saMskArothI prabala kaSAyaviSayAdika aDhAra pApasthAnaka sevI te karmAnusAra te yogya narakamAM utpanna thAya. Ama karmapracuratA thatAM te AgaLa vadhato aTakIne pAcho nIce paNa UtarI jAya che (utkAMti - EvolutionmAMthI apakrAMti - inevolution paNa thAya che), ane karma ghaTatAM kaMI vakhata garbhaja paMcedriya tiryaMcamAMthI jIva manuSya thAya che. ane tevo manuSyabhava pAmI gharakuTuMbanI tIvra mUccha (moha)mAM ajJAnathI pharI tiryaMcathI ekedriyanA cakramAM paDe che, athavA koI manuSya viziSTa jJAna vagara paNa saraLa prakRtie saheja kaSAyamaMdatAthI marIne manuSya paNa thAya. vaLI tyAM kAlaparipAka vinA azuddha kAraNathI hiMsAdinI bahulatAnA pariNAme mithyAtvAdi azuddha hetunI puSTatAe karmasthiti utkRSTa (vadhAremAM vadhAre) kare. (A karmanI utkRSTa sthiti nIce jaNAvela che.) A karmomAM mohanIya karma te sarvakarmanuM utpAdaka ane poSaka che. jema bIjathI vRkSa ane vRkSathI bIja thAya che, tevI rIte mohanIyathI AThe karma ane AThe karmathI mohanIyanI puSTi thAya che. A mohanIyanI 28 prakRti che temAM mithyAtva" mukhya prakRti che. manuSyagatimAM jIvane zuddha deva, zuddha guno yoga thaI jAya to te zuddha dharmanuM - mArganuM ArAdhana karI potAnI pragatimAM vadhAro kare che. evI rIte utkrAMti

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176 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto apakrAMtimAM naraka ane devalokamAM duHkhasukha paNa aneka prakAranAM anubhave che. zuddha mArgano Azraya letAM koIvAra tenI nibiDa karmagraMthino bheda thAya che ane Avo bheda thayA pachI tene "samyagdarzana' prApta thAya che. te thaye bhavamaryAdA ardhapulAvartana kAla jeTalI baMdhAya che. traNa karaNa : 1, yathApnAtakaraNa - have samyagdarzana thayA pahelAM karmagraMthino bheda kema thAya che te samajIe : samyagdarzana be prakAre thAya che - 1. svAbhAvika rIte (eTale gura AdinA upadeza vagara) - nisargaja, 2. guraAdinA bodhathI - adhigamaja. svAbhAvika samyaka darzana - zraddhA je rIte utpanna thAya che te A pramANe : saMjJI paMcedriya jIva samyagdarzana prApta karavA pahelAM traNa 'karaNa kare che. tenAM nAma yathAkhyAta, apUrva, ane anivRtti - karaNa. karaNa eTale kartAne je phala lAvI ApavAmAM uttamottama sAdhana - jenAthI kriyA thAya che te, ane te manano pariNAma - adhyavasAyavizeSa che. A kyAre thAya che te joIe. uparokta 8 karmo paikI jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya tathA aMtarAya e dareka karmanI vadhAremAM vadhAre - utkRSTa sthiti 30 koTAkoTI sAgaropamanI che; tathA nAma ane gotra e dareka karmanI utkRSTa sthiti 20 koTAkoTI sAgaropamanI che, ane mohanIya karmanI utkRSTa 70 koTAkoTI sAgaropamanI jaina zAstrakAre kahelI che. anAdi anaMta saMsAramAM bhramaNa karatAM karatAM prANIo golapASANa jAye - parvata parathI paDatI nadImAM rahelo pathara ghaMcanA gholanA rUpa cAlave karI rahya suMvALo prAyaH thAya ane kaMIka AkAra meLave te nyAye ukta sAta karmanI sthitimAMthI potAnI meLe - akAmanirjarAthI - anAbhogathI (asAvadhAnatAthI) saMsAranI asAratA jANe, saMsAraduHkharUpa karI jANe eTale anAbhoga navavairAgyathI dareka karmanI palyopamanA asaMkhyAtame bhAge nyUna evA eka koTAkoTI sAgaropama jeTalI sthiti rAkhe che ane bAkInI sthitino nAza kare che tyAre je udAsIna pariNAma thAya che te yathApravRttikaraNa" kahevAya che. A jIva pariNAmathI anAdi saMsiddha thatA karmano amuka aMze nAza thAya che. ahIM jIvanA karmapariNAmajanita dhanarAgadveSa pariNAma karkaza nibiDa ciraprarUDha karmagraMthi durbheda rahe che eTale jIva "abhinnagraMthi hoya che. yathApravRttikaraNano vyutpatti artha karIe to (natikrakhya vakaroti ti) eTale jema anAdinI cAla che temanI tema pravRtti ane tenuM karaNa eTale jIvanA pariNAmanuM pravartana - eTale anAdinuM je cAlu pravartana che te pharyuM nathI paNa jemAM kAraNa paripAkathI mithyAtvanI maMdatA thAya temAM Ayukarma sivAyanAM uparyukta sAte karmanI upara pramANe sthiti thAya che. A karaNa AtmA anaMtIvAra kare che. have jIvo be prakAranA che : bhavya ane abhivya. bhavya ane abhivya jIva anAdi sahaja pariNAmathI jIva be prakAranA svabhAvavALA hovAthI be jAtinA che. eka bhavya ne bIjA abhavya. bhavya (bha=thavuM parathI yogyatAvALA)mAM mokSe javAnI yogyatArUpa svabhAvanI sattA anAdithI rahelI che, tethI temanI bhavapariNati

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jaina daSTie jIvanI utkrAnti 177 palaTAya che, ane abhavyamAM mokSe javAnI yogyatA na hovAthI temanI bhavapariNati badalAtI nathI - anAdithI jevI che tevI ne tevI ja rahe che. bhavya jIvonI bhavapariNati badalAya che tethI temanA bhavanA anAgata pudgala parAvartana ochA ochA thatA jAya che, temAM bhavyonI paNa anAdithI thayelI karmabaMdhanI yogyatA, atizaya saMkliSTa pariNAmavALI ghora ' mithyAtva', "avirati', rAgadveSAdithI pariNamelI hoya ane tethI te bhavya ati saMklezakArI karmabaMdha kare to te anaMta saMsAra pAme. Ama thatAMthatAM anaMta kALacakroparyata duHkha bhogavatAMbhogavatAM jyAre akasmAtu ghuNAkSaranyAye akAma nirjarA kAMIka sArI rIte thAya tyAre anAdi sahaja karmabaMdha yogyatA ati tIvra pariNAmavALI pUrve hatI te kAMIka aMze maMda pariNAmavALI thAya ane tethI karmabaMdha paNa ocho thAya. Ama thatAM thatAM anAgata pugala parAvartanamAM eka eka pudgala parAvartana ochuM thatuM jAya - karmabaMdhanI yogyatA paNa pratyeka pagalaparAvartane maMdamaMda thatI jAya. evA evA kramathI akAmanirjarA vaDe jIva ghaNuM karIne traNa karaNa karI caramapula parAvartanamAM Ave eTale mokSaprApti ke je pUrve aneka pudgalaparAvartana jeTalA kAlanA aMtarAle - ati dUra hatI te eka (chellA) pudgalaparAvartananA aMtarAlamAM - samIpe Ave, tathAbhavyatA pAke, ane yathArtha dharmatattvAdikane jANavAnI icchA thAya - mArgAnusArIpaNuM prApta thAya. (A mArgAnusArIpaNuM yathApravRttikaraNa thayA pachI ane apUrvakaraNa thayA pahelAM thAya che ane tyAre ja carama (chellA) pudgalAvartamAM javAya che. e nIce joIzuM.) jyAre abhavyane jo karaNa thAya to mAtra eka ja ane te paheluM yathApravRttikaraNa thAya che, bIjA kadI thatAM nathI. sarvakarmanI utkRSTa sthitinA baMdhane bAMdhanAra jIvane saMkleza ghaNo thAya, tethI tevA jIva phakta paheluM yathApravRttikaraNa paNa na kare. A jIvomAM abhavya mithyAdaSTi che - nirvANa pAmavAnI ayogyatAvALA che, kadIpaNa karmagraMthi pradeza pAse jaI zake nahi ane te "graMthi' - durbheda evo rAgadveSano pariNAma - bhedAyA vagara samyakta pamAya nahi tethI yathApravRttikaraNa abhavyane ja mATe che, jyAre bhavyane traNe karaNa thAya che. yathApravRttikaraNa thayA pachI graMthidezanI samIpe bhavya prANI Ave che. graMthideza sudhI AvelA prANI paNa rAgadveSathI prerAtAM karmonI utkRSTa sthiti bAMdhatAM cAre gatimAM bhramaNa karanArA thAya che. AmAMthI keTalAka jIvo carama pudgalaparAvartamAM AvyA pahelAM manuSyabhava pAmIne tapa, japa, pUjA, saMyama pramukha kriyA kare che ane tenA phala tarIke rAjyabhoga svargAdika pAme che paraMtu tattvabhUta dharmamArga jANavAnI IcchA - racine teo pAmelA na hovAthI temane dharmasaMbaMdhI sadanuSThAnanI prAptino temaja sajJAna kriyAnA phaLabhUta mokSanI prAptimAM hetubhUta je dharma te prApta thatI nathI, kAraNa temane 'tathAbhavyatA' pAkela na hovAthI yathArtha tattvajijJAsAno abhAva hoya che, paraMtu jyAre tathAbhavyatAno paripAka thAya che tyAre tattvajijJAsA thAya che ane tethI carama pudgalaparAvartanamAM avAya che. ApaNe carama pudgalaparAvartanamAM AvyA chIe ke nahi te samajavA mATe jJAnadaSTie potAnuM aMtaHkaraNa tapAsavAnI jarUra che ke ApaNane mokSa pAmavAno abhilASA (saMvegadharma karavAno abhilASa ane tattva jANavAno abhilASa) 'tattvajijJAsA'

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178 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto nircAjapaNe pAramArthika bhAvathI utpanna thayo che ke uparacoTiyo chaLa pariNAmavALo abhilASa che ? - Ama satyapaNe AtmasAkSIe potAnA hRdayane vAraMvAra tapAsatAM e traNe abhilASa paramArtharUpe che ema bhAse to jANavuM ke ApaNe paramapudgala parAvartanamAM vartIe chIe. tathAbhavyatA eTale zuM ? jIva jyAre potAnA carama pudgalaparAvartana kALamAM Ave tyAre koI jIvanI tathAbhavyatA svabhAve -- svataH pAke che ane ghaNA jIvonI upAyanA sevanathI pAke che. A upAyo para AvIe te pahelAM tathAbhavyatA eTale zuM te samajIe. 'tathAbhavyatA' e anAdino jIvone mokSagamananI yogyatArUpa pAriNAmika bhAva che. te mokSanI yogyatA sarva bhavyone svarUpamAtre to sarakhI che, paNa te sarva jIvanI samakALe paripakva thatI nathI kAraNake tema thatI hoya to mokSaprApti paNa sarva bhavya jIvone samakALe thAya; paNa tema na thatAM te jude jude kALe paripAka pAme che tethI te 'tathAbhavyatA' e nAma Apela che (tathA = te te potapotAnA pAkavA yogya kramAgata kALane pAmIne pAkavAnA svabhAvavALI + bhavyatA = mokSagamanayogyatA). A tathAbhavyatA jyAre pAke tyAre tenA jorathI mithyAtvAdi pApakarmanuM tathA anAdi karmabaMdhanI yogyatAnuM baLa ghaTI javAthI jIva zuddha dharma pAmI zake che. tathAbhavyatA pAkavAne mATe upAyo have te koIkane svabhAve pAke ane ghaNAne upAyanA sevanathI pAke che to te upAya joIe : (1) catuHzaraNa bhAvanA - prathama to potAnA hRdayamAM evo nirdhAra karavo ke "mAro AtmA nirAdhAra che, azaraNa che, anAtha che, kemake A janmamAM paNa rogAdika ke rAjadikanI ApadAmAMthI dhana, strI, putra vagere koI mAruM rakSaNa karI zake tema nathI to pachI parabhavamAM te kema zaraNabhUta thaI zake ? mATe jenA rAgadveSano nitAMta nAza thayo che evA vItarAga prabhunuM (arihaMtanuM), niraMjana siddhanuM, zuddha nirAraMbhI tattvajJAnI munionuM ane sarvajJabhASita yathAsthita vastusvarUpane darzAvanAra Agama dharmanuM - dhyAna smaraNarUpe mAruM zaraNa ho." A cAra zaraNanI ahoniza raTaNA karavAthI tathA bhavyatA pAke. (2) A bhavamAM karelA ane pUrvajanmamAM ajJAnapaNe karelAM potAnAM duSkRta - pApone satyabhAve sadA niMdavAthI bhavyatA pAke. ane (3) yathAzakti vairAgya bhAvathI mokSanI abhilASA sahita tapa, saMyama, dAnAdi sukRta karavAthI, devagurunI pUjAbhakti karavAthI, saddharmanuM zravaNa karavAthI ane nyAyamArganA sevanathI temaja svaparanI karelI sukRtakaraNInA anumodanathI bhavyatA pAke. tathAbhavyatA pAkavAthI thatA lAbho - mArgAnusAritA A upAyonA sevanathI tathAbhavyatA pAkatAM mithyAtmapariNAma durbaLa thAya, bhavyatAzakti prabala thAya, mithyAtvAdikano parAbhava AtmAne ocho thAya, tattvajijJAsA puSTa thAya eTale jIva "mArgAnusArI' thAya. Ano anukrama haribhadrasUri A pramANe jaNAve che ? je bhavya jIva che tene bhavyatAnA udayathI akAma nirjarAe karmano kSaya thatAM

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jaina dRSTie jIvanI utkrAnti kAdi pAMca kAraNanI anukUlatAe karI be pudgalAvarta zeSa saMsAra rahe tyAre dharma" zabdamAM sAmAnya sahaNA zraddhA thAya. jene A dharmane nirvivekapaNe paNa sAMbhaLavA tarapha abhimukhatA hoya te 'zravaNasanmukhI' kahevAya che eTale tenAmAM tathAvidha AdarapipAsA hoya nahi paraMtu svAbhAvika rIte dharmazravaNa thAya to temAM vimukhatA na hoya. ahIMthI saMsAraparibhramaNa karato jIva ucca bhAvamAM Ave tyAre doDha pudgalAvartana rahe. tyAra pachIthI mArgasaMmukhatA, mArgazravaNa, mArgagaveSaNA ane mArgAnusAratA thAya. koIne dharma bhaNI saMmukhatA hoya, zravaNa thAya, koI rIte dharmaruci thAya, paNa tIvrabhAve gaveSaNA na hoya to tene 'mArgapatita' kahevAmAM Ave che. Ama saMsAraparibhramaNa karatAM eka (chello) pudgalaparAvarta rahe tyAre mArgAnusArIpaNuM prApta thAya. ahIM zuddha ane azudghanI gaveSaNA thAya. A kAlane dharmayauvanakAla' kahevAmAM Ave che. ahIM mArgAnusArInA nyAyasaMpanna vibhava Adi 35 guNo prApta thAya, mitrAdika dRSTi (jene jainayogamAM mUkavAmAM AvI che) pAmavAno avasara maLe, SaTTarzananI bhinnatA jANe, ahIM mithyAtva maMda thayuM tethI vyavahAre dravyadharma' pAme, ucita yathArtha vyavahAre pravarte, pahelA traNa anuSThAna (AnA saMbaMdhamAM jainayoganA viSayamAM juo)nI prabalatA hoya ane sarva kriyA evI kare ke tene bIjA aneka jIva joI dharma pAme; paNa potAne dharmaprApti na hoya to te kriyAnuM phula svargAdika thAya paNa karmanI nirjarA arthe na thAya. bIjuM karaNa : apUrvakaraNa - AvI rIte mArgAnusArInAM karelAM sukRta, sadanuSThAnanI prAptinA hetu thAya, tenI karelI devagurunI pUjAbhakti pAramArthika sevArUpe pariName, te vItarAga niraMjanano bhakta thAya. tene saMsAra carama pudgalAvarta jeTalo bAkI rahe ane anAdi mithyAtvano udaya prAyaH carama pudgalaparAvartanA 'sArdika' - prathamanA ardhA bhAga sudhI ja rahe. AvA mArgAnusArIne - tattva samajavAnI icchAvALAMne mithyAtvAdino ghaNe bhAge pralaya thAya. pachI tattvavArtA sAMbhaLatAM athavA ciMtavatAM tene 'apUrvakaraNa' eTale pUrve anAdikALamAM koIkALe na prApta thayelA evA tattvajijJAsAjanya paramAnaMdamaya zubha pariNAma - nI prApti thAya. A karaNathI mArgAnusArI jIva 'graMthi'no bheda kare. te graMthi eTale ati nibiDa, ghana, kaThina, durbhedya, mokSathI vimukha rAkhanAra mithyAtvanA ane mithyAtvanA sahAyaka anaMta janmanI racanAne racanAra evA 'anaMtAnubaMdha' krodha, mAna, mAyA ane lobha e cAra 'kaSAya'nA udayathI UpajatA ati saMkliSTa mahArAgadveSa ane ajJAnarUpa pariNAma. te graMthino bheda prathama koI kALe karyo nahoto, te have mArgAnusArI jIva apUrvakaraNarUpa tIvra pariNAmanI dhArA vaDe bhede che - vIMdhe che bheda pADe che. 179 - graMthibheda : bheda eTale apUrvakaraNarUpa vajanI soya vaDe prApta thayelA zuddha tattvanI zraddhAnA sAmarthyathI te graMthinuM vidAraNa karavuM. TUMkamAM graMthibheda eTale ahiMda mithyAtvanI gAMThanuM chedana. te karavAthI atyaMta eTale pUrvanI jema ati nibiDa - ghADo saMkleza - rAgadveSano pariNAma pravartAto nathI. jene vedharUpa pariNAma prApta thayo hoya tevo maNi kadI tenA chidramAM maLa bharAya topaNa pUrvanI avasthAne pAmato nathI eTale

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto prathamanA jevo chidra rahita thato nathI te rIte graMthibheda thavAthI tene agAuno je rAgadveSa pariNAma atyaMta saMklezarUpe hoya che te teTalA pramANamAM thato nathI, kAraNa ke pharIthI te graMthinuM baMdhana thatuM nathI. Ane spaSTapaNe samajAvIe to graMthibheda vakhate AyuHkarma sivAyanAM bAkInAM sAta karmanI deze ochA eka koTAkoTi sAgaropamanI sthiti rahe che, ane teTalI ja sthiti graMthibheda pachI kadAca samyaktva jAya eTale mithyAtva bhAva pamAya tyAre baMdhAya che - eTale pUrve samyaktva pAmavAne avasare jeTalI karmanI sthiti rAkhI hoya che teTalo ja navIna karmabaMdha thAya che. vaLI graMthibheda thatAM samyaktvano nAza na thatAM durgaMta eTale kudeva, kumAnuSa, tiryaMca, narakagati, graMthibheda karyA pahelAM te gatinuM AyuSya bAMdhyuM na hoya to thatI nathI. 180 trIjuM karaNa anivRttikaraNa Ama graMthibheda thatAM anaMtAnubaMdhI krodha Adi cAra kaSAyanA udaya ane baMdharUpa pApakarmano vinAza thatAM mithyAtvano udaya maMdarasavALo thaI jAya che ane tethI te bhavya, mArgAnusArI, samyaktvayogya jIvane graMthibheda thayA pachI eka aMtarmuhUrtamAM 'anivRttikaraNa' nAmano pariNAmavizeSa prApta thAya che. je adhyavasAya phaLaprApti vagara nivarSe nahi pAcho jAya nahi eTale pUrve thayela apUrvakaraNarUpa pariNAma pAcho jAya nahi te anivRttikaraNa. A karaNathI AtmA mithyAtva mohanIyanAmanuM karma ke jenI moTI sthiti hoya che tenAM je daLa pradeza hoya che temAMthI aMtarmuhUrtavegha eTale eka aMtarmuhUrtamAM khapI jAya eTalI sthitinAM mithyAtva mohanIya karmanAM dala najIka kheMcI le - eTale mithyAtva mohanIya karmanA puMjanI sthiti be kare - eka moTI sthiti ane bIjI nAnI sthiti. A be sthitimAM je aMtara rahe tene 'aMtarakaraNa' kahevAmAM Ave che. have te nAnI sthitino = aMtarmuhUrtavedya dala che. teno eka aMtarmuhUrtamAM kSaya karI nAMkhe ane jIva moTI sthitimAMthI udaya pAmatAM dalane upazamAve eTale eka aMtarmuhUrta sudhI udayamAM lAvavA na Ave (niSkaMbhita udaya kare). Ama dIrghakALa sudhI udayapaNe vartavA yogya mithyAtva mohanIya karmanI moTI sthiti - 'sattA' je jIvane che teno udaya, A pariNAmavizeSathI - anivRttikaraNanA sAmarthyathI sarvathA rUMdhAI javAthI eka aMtamUhurta sudhI mithyAtvano sarvathA anudaya thAya, te avasare aMtaHkaraNanA prathama samaye jIvane zuddha dharmamULa 'aupamika' samyaktva prApta thAya. AnuM nAma prathama zuddha dharmanI prApti. - aupazamika samyaktva A 'aupamika' eTale jyAM mithyAtvano upazama che te - upazamajanya. upazama eTale mithyAtvanA udayano nAza ane anudayano rodha. AthI utpanna thayelI sarva tattvonI yathArthapaNe syAdvAda maryAdAe pratIti - svarUpa zraddhArucino janaka AtmabhAva pragaTe che, tethI jIvane jIvAdi tattvonA svarUpanuM zravaNa karavAthI AtmAdi padArthanA svarUpanI jhalaka bhAsamAna thAya che; mArgAnusArIpaNAmAM je devaguru pUjAdi 'tadvetu anuSThAna' hatA te 'amRtAnuSThAna' thaI jAya che. (jaina yoganA viSayamAM A anuSThAna pAMca anuSThAna paikInA eka tarIke Apela che te juo.) ane lokadRSTie karAtA --

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jaina deSTie jIvanI utkrAnti 181 'yamaniyama' vagere svarUpa zuddha anuSThAna te, paramArthavRttie karAtA anubaMdha zuddha anuSThAna thAya che. traNa puMja pachI upazamasamyaktarUpa guNathI moTI sthitivALI mithyAtva mohanIyanI prakRti ke je sattAmAM (in potentiality) rahelI che, je udaya ke udIraNAmAM AvI nathI, jenAM sarva daLa-pradeza duSTa rasathI bharelAM che tene udayamAM AvyA agAu ja pariNAmavizeSanA prabhAvathI zodhI kADhI tenA traNa prakAranAM paMja kare che. te A rIte ? (1) je daLamAMthI kliSTa rasano utpAdaka duSTa rasa sarvathA naSTa thaI jAya tevA daLano rAzi te "samyakta puMja' - zuddha puMja che. te zuddha puMja udayamAM Ave to te jIvanA samyattvaguNano ghAta karato nathI, zuddha zraddhA banI rahe che. AnuM bIjuM nAma "samyakta mohanIya che. A puMjano udaya thatAM 'kSayopathamika samyakta thAya che. (2) je daLano duSTarasa ardha naSTa thayo hoya ne ardha rahyo hoya teno rAzi te mizra ja - ardhazuddha puMja athavA mizra mohanIya che. te puMja udayamAM Ave to aMtarmuhUrta sudhI jIva mizra daSTivALo rahe. AvA mizra daSTivALA jIvane zuddha dharma para prema paNa na hoya ne dveSa paNa na hoya, eTale te samyakatvI paNa nahi, ane mithyAtvI paNa nahi. (3) ane je daLamAMthI duSTa rasa naSTa ja thayo na hoya, jevo ne tevo kAyama rahyo hoya teno rAzi te 'mithyAtvapuMja' - azuddha puMja athavA mithyAtva mohanIya che. tenA udayathI jIva sAdisAta mithyASTi thAya, kAraNake te samyaktvathI patana pAmI mithyAtvI thAya tyAre tenI Adi - zarUAta thaI te 'sAdi, ane pharIne teno aMta karI avazya samyakatva pAmavAnuM che tethI teno aMta Avyo te "sAMta' (aMtasahita). A mithyASTi anAdi mithyAdaSTithI 1. pUrve grahaNa karelAM karma amuka kALa (jene "abAdhAkALa' kahe che) vyatIta thaye tenA rasa (phaLa) rUpe vedavAmAM - bhogavavAmAM Ave te 'udaya' kahevAya che. jema bIja vAvyA pachI amuka vakhata vItyA bAda phaLano udaya - phaLanI prApti thAya tema karmanA udaya saMbaMdhe samajavuM. 2. svAbhAvika rIte udaya nahi AvelAM eTale sattAmAM rahelAM karmane kheMcIne prayatnavizeSathI udayamAM lAvI vedI levAM - bhogavavAM tene 'udIraNA' kahe che. 3. mithyAtvanA kAla AzrayI guNadoSaprApti Azraye cAra bhaMga kahyA che : (1) anAdi anaMta - anAdinuM mithyAtva che te kadI paNa maTe nahi, jemake abhavyane bane che. (2) anAdisAMta - bhavyane prathama samyaktanI prApti thAya tyAre anAdi mithyAtvano aMta Avyo hoya che te. (3) sAdi sAMta - je jIva samyakta pAmI vaLI tene vamI nAMkhe che ane mithyAtva grahe che tyAre mithyAtvanI Adi thaI, vaLI punaH zubha sAmagrInA yogathI samyakta pAme tyAre mithyAtvano aMta thayo (jema ahIM thayuM tema). (4) sAdi anaMta - A bhaMga mithyAtva saMbaMdhamAM mithyAtvIne hoya nahi. te bhaMga kSAyika samyaktAdi kSAyaka bhAve jene je guNa pragaTa thayA te guNa tene sAdi anaMta aMge hoya, eTale te guNa pragaTe tyAM Adi zarU thaI tethI sAdi, ane te guNa AvyA pachI jAya nahi tethI te anaMta - eTale bhavya mithyAtvIne prathamanA traNa bhAMgA (bhaMga) lAgu paDe - hoya, ane abhavya mithyAtvIne eka ja bhaMga nAme anAdi anaMta hoya.

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182 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto kaMIka ujjavaLa pariNAmI hoya che, ane anAdinI nijasvabhAvabhUta karmabaMdhanI yogyatA baMdhazaktimAM anaMtagaNI ochI hoya che, tethI graMthibhedanI vakhate jeTalI sthitivALAM karma jIva bAMdhato hato te karatAM adhika sthitivALAM karma te have mokSa javA paryata bAMdhe nahi ane ardha pudgala parAvartakAlanI aMdara avazya mokSe jAya. kSayopathamika samyakta upara kahyuM tema aupazamika samyaktanI sthiti aMtarmuhUrtanI che te pUrNa thatAM uparyukta zuddha puMjano udaya thatAM "kSayopathamika samyagudaSTi thAya che (udaya AvatA mithyAtvAdino kSaya kare ane anudayano rodha kare. aupathamikamAM paNa temaja che chatAM temAM ane AmAM eTalo ja phera che ke AmAM zuddha dalano udaya che, jyAre aupazAmikamAM azuddha dalano udaya che). A sthitimAM jo utkRSTapaNe rahe to jIva asaMkhyAtA kAla sudhI rahe. sAyika samyakta kSayopazama samyaktamAM vartatA koIka jIva dezaviratine pAme - zrAvakanAM vratagrahaNa kare, koIka "sarvaviratine - sAdhuvrata prApta kare, koIka jIva uparokta traNe puMjono kSaya karI zuddha apIlika - "kSAyika samyaktva pAmI 'kSapakazreNIe caDhI sakala mohanIya, aMtarAya, jJAnAvaraNIya ane darzanAvaraNIya e cAre ghAtI karmono kSaya karI vItarAga - sarvajJa thAya (13mA ayogI kevalI guNasthAna prApta kare, ane pachI manavacana kAyAnA vyApArarUpa yogano nirodha karI samagra karma rahita thaI te ja bhave mokSe jAya). samyattva ane mithyAtva jene samyaktva thayuM te "samyagdaSTi jIva kahevAya che, ane na thayuM hoya tene 'mithyAdaSTi' kahevAmAM Ave che. jIvanA A bheda tenA pariNAmabhedane laIne che arthAt aMtaHkaraNanA bhAvanA bhedarUpa bheda che. tevo bheda thavAnuM kAraNa karmano jevo baMdha hoya che te pramANe che. mithyAdaSTine mahAbaMdha hoya che, samyagdaSTine kiMcit komalabaMdha hoya che. baMneno bAhya cAra sarakho hoya, topaNa temanA pariNAmamAM phera hoya, tethI teo mithyASTi ane samyagdaSTi kahI zakAya. samyagdaSTine - dharmarAgavALAne karmavazAtu anyathI pravRtti thAya to temAM e rAgano abhAva sUcavAto nathI. samyagdaSTi (jIva)ne bauddhamAM bodhisattva ane samyagdarzanane 'bodhi' e nAma Apela che. 1. samyagdaSTivALo te ja bodhisatva kahevAya. bauddhoe bodhisattvanuM lakSaNa karyuM che te samyagdaSTivALAne viSe yathArtha ghaTe che. te bauddho ema kahe che ke kAyapAtI eTale zarIra thakI ja patana pAmanAra ja bodhisattva che ane cittapAtI eTale cittathI patana pAmanAra nahi, eTale bhAvathI karIne daDha sattvavALo, paNa karmavazAt zarIrathI alita thanAro te "bodhisattva." A ja lakSaNa samyagdaSTinuM paNa che. samyagdaSTi ane bodhisattva baMne parArtharasika, dhImAnuM, mArgagAmI, mahAzaya, guNarAgI vagere samAna rIte hoya che. baMne mokSa pAmavA nimAyelA che. je samyagdarzana, te ja boddhoe kahela bodhi' che. te bodhi jemAM pradhAna che - e ja jeno sAra che evo mahodaya te ja bodhisatva. (yogabiMdu, zlo. ra7-293).

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cauda guNasthAnaka (mokSapadasopAna) cauda guNasthAnaka (mokSapadasopAna) mokSe jaina darzanamAM jIvanI siddhapada sudhInI utkrAMtinAM 14 'guNasthAna' javAnAM pagathiyAM (mokSapadasopAna) kahela che temAM samyakatvaprAptine 4thuM samyaktva guNasthAna kahevAmAM Ave che. te pahelAMnAM je traNa guNasthAna che tenAM nAma (1) mithyAtva guNasthAna (2) sAsvAdana guNasthAna (3) mizra guNasthAna. A pachI (4) samyaktva. tyAra pachI vrata paccakhANa (pratyAkhyAna), tyAga, vairAgya, yogAdi kAryathI viratibhAvane pamuM ane chaThThuM guNasthAna nAme dezivarati ane sarvavarita (baMne pramattaguNasthAna) kahevAmAM Ave che, te vizeSa rUpamAM pAmI jIva ucca AcaraNa karI apramAdIpaNe (7muM apramatta guNasthAna) zuddha cAritra pALatAM 8-9-10-11-12mA guNasthAna nAme apUrvakaraNa, anivRttikaraNa, sUkSma saM5rAya, upazAMta-moha, kSINamohamAM karmano bhAra jIvane jema jema ocho thAya che tema tema anukrama jaIne chevaTe zuddha kaivalya jJAna (13muM sayogI kevalI guNasthAna pAmatAM) prApta thAya che, tyAre te sacarAcara jagatnA trikALabhAvo pratyeka samaye jANe dekhe che ane tenI aMte zeSa alpa karmamaLa hoya che teno paNa kSaya karI ajarAmarapada (14muM ayogI kevalI guNasthAna) prApta kare che - siddha - mukta thAya che. 183 [14 guNasthAna : (1) mithyASTi (2) sAsvAdana samyagdaSTi (3) samyag-mithyArdaSTi (4) avirata samyagdaSTi (pa) dezavirata samyagdaSTi (6) pramattasaMyata (7) apramatta-saMyata (8) apUrvakaraNa (9) anivRtti - bAdara saMparAya (10) sUkSma saMparAya (11) upazAnta-kaSAya-vItarAga-chadmastha (12) kSINa kaSAya (13) sayoga-kevali-guNasthAna (14) ayoga-kevila guNasthAna. juo 'Studies in Jaina Philosophy', (P. 268-280), Nathmal Tatia] A 14 guNasthAna barAbara samajavA mATe te darekamAM AvatA jIvano koTho pADIe (juo pRSTha 184 52) : bhavya, abhavya, graMthibhedI eTale graMthibheda karanAra, vagere saMbaMdhI ApaNe AgaLa joI AvyA chIe. have guNasthAna athavA guNasthAnaka cauda che tenuM svarUpa TUMkamAM joIe H 1. mithyAtva guNasthAna - vastusthitinA yathArtha jJAnanA abhAve je ayathArtha zraddhAna tene 'mithyAtva' kahe che, kemake yathArthapaNAnI zraddhA tathA jJAna e ja AtmAno guNa che, paNa te guNa mithyAtva moha 5 nAme karmanA AcchAdanathI vibhAva dazAne pAmI gayelo, jethI ayathArthatAne bhaje che, paNa te vibhAvika paNa Atmika guNa che tethI mithyAtva enuM guNasthAnaka kahevAmAM Ave che. AtmA sAthe vaLagelAM karmaparamANuno samUha udayamAM hoya che tene 'udiyaka bhAva' kahevAmAM Ave che, ane te ja karmapudgalo udayamAM hoya teTalAM kSaya thaI jAya, kharI jAya ane sattAmAM rahelAM karmapudgalo udayamAM na Ave tevI sthitine aupazimaka bhAva' kahevAmAM Ave che; ane udayamAM AvelAM karmaparamANuonA rasano kSaya thaI

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184 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto jIva siddha saMsArI sayogI ayogI kevalI (14mAM guNasthAna) sayogI chabastha sayogI kevalI - arihaMta (13 mAM guNasthAnastha) samohI amohI =kSINamohI (12mAM guNasthAnastha) uditamohI =sakaSAyI anuditamohI=upazAMtamohI (11mAM guNasthAnastha) bAdara-skUlamohI sUkSma mohI (10mAM guNasthAna) savedI avedI (9mAM guNasthAnastha) zreNIvaMta (8mAM guNasthAnastha) zreNIrahita pramatta apramatta (7mAM guNasthAnI) avirati saMyamI virati avirati samyaktI avirati mithyAtvI sarvavirati dezavirati (4thA guNasthAnastha) || (6ThThA guNasthAnaW) (pamAM guNasthAnastha) graMthibhedI (bhinnagraMthi) graMthi abhedI (abhinnagraMthi) bhavya abhavya bhavya

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cauda guNasthAnaka (mokSapadasopAna) 185 javAthI zuddha nirmaLa karmaparamANuo AtmAthI judAM paDelAM na hoya, eTale AtmA sAthe rahyAM hoya te nirmaLa karmaparamANu dvArA Atmazaktino AvirbhAva thayelo hoya tevI sthitine 'kSAyopathamika bhAva' kahevAmAM Ave che, ane udayamAM AvelAM amuka jAtanAM karmo sadaMtara nAza pAmI jAya ane pharIthI tevAM karmaparamANuone AvavApaNuM na rahe tevI dazAne 'kSAyaka bhAva' kahe che. A chellA traNa prakAranA AtmabhAva amuka karmo athavA amuka karmonA bhedonA saMbaMdhamAM hoI zake che. 2. sAsvAdana guNasthAnaka - upara batAvelo "aupamika bhAva' be sthitie hoI zake che, eka to aMtarmuhUrta sudhI sarvathA mithyAtvanA avedaka jIvane aupathamika samyaktva thAya che te, ane bIjo upazamazreNI pratipanna jIvane mithyAtvano upazama thatAM svazreNIgata aupamika samyakatva thAya che. A baMne prakAranuM upazama-aupazamika samyakatva (ke jenA viSe agAu kahevAI gayuM che) bIjA guNasthAnaka sAsvAdananI utpattimAM mULa kAraNa che. have jyAre zAMta thayelAM mithyAtva karmapudgalo krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha e cAramAMthI eka paNa jyAre udayamAM AvI jAya che tyAre jIva 11mAM upazAMta moha guNasthAna sudhI gayelo hoya che. tyAM pathamika rUpa girizikharathI paDatAM mithyAtvarU5 bhUtaLane prApta thatAM pahelAM jIva eka samayathI laIne cha AvalikAnA kALa sudhI je hade aTake che tene "sAsvAdana" guNasthAnaka kahevAmAM Ave che. A evI sthiti che ke jema eka mANase dUdhapAka agara bAsUdInuM bhojana kareluM hoya ane tene pAchI UlaTI thaI jAya te vakhate mukhamAM pharIthI bhojanano svAda Ave che, tenI mAphaka patita jIvane pUrvakALamAM anubhavela aupazamika zAntino AsvAda mAtra rahI jAya che te kAraNathI tene sAsvAdana (=AsvAdana sahita) kahevAmAM Ave che. 3. mizraguNasthAnaka - je jIva samakALe mithyAtva, samyakta baMnenA ekatra maLavAthI mizrabhAvamAM varte che, te jIva mizraguNasthAnakastha kahevAya che. mizrapaNuM je che te baMnenA meLApanuM eka jAtyaMtararUpa che. jema gardabha ane azva baMnethI utpanna thayela khaccara trIjI jAti kahevAya che, jema dahIM ane khAMDa maLavAthI zIkhaMDano eka vilakSaNa svAda thaI jAya che ke jene dahIM jevuM khATuM paNa na kahevAya, tema khAMDa jevuM mIThuM paNa na kahevAya, te rIte mizraguNasthAnakavartI jIvanI dazA che. te jIva satya-asatya, yogya-ayogyanI tulanA karatA nathI, karavAnI icchA thatI nathI, sarvene mAne svIkAre eTaleke dareka dharmonAM tattvo, dareka dharmanI kriyAo, ekabIjAthI vibhinna hovA chatAM sarvane mAne. - viveka temAM ni rahe. AthI keTaluMka asatya satyarUpe pariName che. 4. avirati samyagdaSTi - AmAM rahenAranI upara jaNAvI gayA chIe tevA upazama samyakatva, kSayopazama samyakatva ane kSAyaka samyatva e traNa prakAranAM samyakatvavALI sthiti hoya che. atra upazama, kSayopazama ane kSAyaka e traNe bhAva mithyAtvamohanIya karma ane tenA bhedo saMbaMdhI samajavAnuM che. upazama itvarakAlika ane kSayopazama tathA kSAyika dIrghakAlika che. A guNasthAnakathI jainatva pragaTe che. sAdhaka dazA Ave che. samyakatva - yathArtha zraddhA thAya che kAraNake mithyAtvamalanA

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186 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto asadbhAve Atmika zakti nirmaLa hoI yathArtha jJAna vaDe karI vastusthitinA svarUpane samajI zakAya che. samyakraSTi e ja artha sUcave che ke yathArthadaSTi. vastu, jIvanuM svarUpa, jIvanI kriyA athavA to karmanA udayathI sukha, lAbha, hAni vagere amuka amuka karmanA saMbhAvane laIne che ema jyAre samajAya che tyAre te jIva nimittakAraNa upara rAgadveSa karato nathI. koIe gALa dIdhI, bIjAe stuti karI, eka haNavA taiyAra thayo, bIjAe rakSaNa karyuM, eke gharamAMthI corI karI, bIjAe te corInuM dhana meLavI ApyuM chatAM eka tarapha prIti ne bIjA tarapha dveSa nahi - tevI ja rIte saMyoga viyoga je je nimittothI thatA hoya te nimitto temAM kAraNabhUta che ema manamAM na Ave - paNa e badho karmapravAha che - jo mArAM tathA prakAranAM karmo na hoya to AvA jIvone judIjudI rIte juduMjuduM karavAnuM mArA mATe mana zAnuM thAya ? emane tema karavAnI preraNA thaI, athavA temanAmAM je icchA thaI temAM mArAM zubha-azubha karma kAraNarUpa kema na hoya ? to pachI A nimitta kAraNo upara mAre rAgadveSa karavo yogya nathI agara tevA karmothI dUra thavA prayatna karuM evo upayoga samyagdaSTimAM raheto hovAthI te rAgadveSane maMda kare che. AthI kharuM "jainatva' Ave che. AmAM anaMtAnubaMdhI kaSAya (krodha, mAna, mAyA ane lobha e cAra kaSAya)no temaja mohanIyakarmanI traNa mukhya prakRtio nAme samyakta mohanIya, mithyAtva mohanIya ane mizramohanIyano kSaya athavA upazama thAya che. zraddhA yathArtha thAya che. 5. dezavirati guNasthAnaka - A zuddha zrAvakanI bhUmikA che. temAM aMza cAritra - sadvartana che. AmAM zrAvakanAM pAMca aNuvratanuM pAlana, mArgAnusArInA guNanI prApti, gRhasthanAM cha karma, sacitta (sajIva) AhArano tyAga, sadeva ekAsaNuM karavuM, brahmacaryanuM pAlana, mahAvrata svIkAravAnI IcchA, zramaNanI upAsakatA, 11 pratimA - niyamavizeSa kamekrame prApta thAya che. Arta ane raudra dhyAna maMdatA pAme che ane dharmadhyAnano abhyAsa - prAraMbha paDe che. 6. (sarvavirati) - pramatta saMyata guNasthAnaka - e zuddha sAdhunI bhUmikA che. temAM sarvAze cAritra - sadvartana che. paMca mahAvratanuM pAlana AmAM hoya che, paraMtu saMjvalana kaSAyano tIvra udaya tathA pramAda (mada, viSaya, kaSAya, niMdA ane vikathA) atra rahe che tethI A guNasthAnaka saMyata eTale yatinuM kharuM paNa pramatta' kahevAya che. A pramAdano kAla aMtarmuhUrta che. tyAM sudhI pramAda rahe to A guNasthAna che, paraMtu tethI vadhu rahe to nIce patana thAya che ane pamA guNasthAna "dezaviratimAM avAya che, ane aMtarmuhUrta uparAMta pramAda rahita thavAya to sAtamA apramatta guNasthAnakamAM caDAyA che. AmAM Arta ane raudra dhyAna mukhyapaNe ane sAlaMbana dharmadhyAna (AjJA vicayAdi) gauNatAe rahe che. 7. apramatta guNasthAnaka -- AmAM paMcamahAvratI - sAdhu caturtha kaSAya eTale saMjvalana krodhAdino maMda udaya thAya che tyAre pramAda jatAM apramatta thAya che ane mohanIya karmanI prakRti udayamAM AvI teno kSaya karI, anudayamAM hoya tene upazamAvI nirAlaMba dhyAnamAM praveza karavAno prAraMbha kare che. pahelAM Asana vageremAM besI

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cauda guNasthAnaka (mokSapadasopAna) 187 vidhipUrvaka niSkapa samAdhi lagAve che; pachI pavana, Asana, iMdriya, mana, kSudhA, nidrAno jaya karI aMtaHkaraNamAM vAraMvAra tattvAbhyAsa kare che ane sarva jIvo para maitrI, pramoda, karUNA adhika kare che. tyAra pachI mauna bAhyAMtara rahI hRdayasarovaramAM satata amRta pIdhA kare che. eTale dharmadhyAna mukhyapaNe rahe che ane rUpAtItapaNe zukla dhyAna paNa aMzamAtra - gauNatAthI thAya che. 8. apUrvakaraNa guNasthAnaka - AmAM je pUrve sthiti na hatI te prApta thAya che. jJAnAvaraNIyAdi karmanI sthiti pUrve hatI te alpa karavAmAM Ave che, te karmomAM je rasa hato tene paNa maMda karavAmAM Ave che ane te thoDA kAlamAM khapAvI nAMkhavA jevI guNaprApti thAya che ane karmanI sthiti paNa ahIM nAnI baMdhAya che. AthI A apUrva yoganI prAptithI A guNasthAnakane "apUrvakaraNa' kahe che. AmAM 1luM zukla dhyAna thAya che. A guNasthAnakamAM be prakAranA jIva hoya che - eka to karmaprakRtiono upazama karavAvALA - bhArelA devatAnI mAphaka sattApaNe dAbI denArA 'upazamaka, ane bIjA kSaya karavAvALA - "khapAvanArA' - te "kSapaka'; ane tenI AgaLa javAnI pragatine te ja nAmathI "zreNI' kahe che eTale eka "upazama zreNI' ane bIjI te "kSapaka zreNI." kharI rIte A baMneno barAbara prAraMbha 9mA guNasthAnamAM thAya che, chatAM tenA aMzo ahIMthI phare che tethI atra jaNAvela che. tethI nIcenAM guNasthAnamAM te baMne saMbaMdhI kahevuM paDaze. 9. anivRtti bAdara - anivRttikaraNa guNasthAnaka - daSTa, zrata ane anubhUta evA bhoganI AkAMkSAdi saMkalpavikalpa rahita thaIne paramAtma tattva para nizcala rahI temAM ekAgra dhyAnanI pariNatirUpa bhAvamAMthI 'anivRtta' eTale pravRtta rahevAthI A anivRtti nAmanuM guNasthAnaka kahevAmAM Ave che. tenuM AkhuM nAma anivRtti bAdara che; temAM bAdarano artha e che ke bAdara - skUla kaSAya eTale apratyAkhyAnAdi 12 kaSAya ane 9 nokaSAyane upazamAvavA mATe yA khapAvavA mATe A guNasthAna tevA guNa - lakSaNavALuM che. upazamazreNIvALo - upazamaka saMjavalana lobha sivAya mohanIyanI 20 prakRtine 8mA tathA A guNasthAnamAM upazamAve che. kSapakazreNIvALo - kSapaka pravRtio khapAve - teno kSaya kare. 10. sUkSma saMparAya guNasthAnaka - sUkSma paramAtmatattvanI bhAvanAnA balathI 20 prakRtirU5 mohanIya karma zAMta thaye yA kSINa thaye eka lobha sUkSma khaMDIbhUta rahe che tethI jyAM te lobha nAmano kaSAya sUkSma hoya che te sUkSma saMparAya (saMpAya=lobha) nAmanuM guNasthAnaka. upazama zreNIvALo - zamaka jIva saMjvalana lobhane sUkSma kare che. kSapaka zreNIvALo - kSapaka jIva kSaNamAtramAM skUla saMjvalana lobhane sUkSmANurUpe 11. upazAMtamo guNasthAnaka - ahIM upazamazreNIvALo - upazamaka jIva parama upazamanI mUrtirUpa nija sahaja svabhAvanA jJAnabalathI sakala mohanuM zamana kare che.

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188 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto upazamaka jIva sUkSmalobhane sarvathA upazamAve che. kSapaka jIva A guNasthAna kare ja nahi; te to dazamA guNasthAnamAMthI lobhanA khaMDa sUkSma karIne khapAvI - kSaya karI 12mA kSINamoha guNasthAnamAM jAya che. 12. kSINamoha guNasthAnaka - ahIM kSapaka jIva kSapaka zreNInA mArgathI dazamA guNasthAnathI. saMpUrNa kaSAyane niHzeSa karI zuddha AtmabhAvanAnA balathI sakala mohanIya karmano kSaya kare che tethI A guNasthAnakane 'kSINamoha' kahe che. kSapaka jIva ahIM mohano kSaya karI vizeSe karIne jemAMthI rAga gayo chai evo vItarAga, yathAkhyAta caritravALA - mahAyati, vizuddha bhAvavAnuM thaI, bIjA zukla dhyAnano Azraya kare che, ane te dhyAnathI A guNasthAnakane aMte karmarUpI iMdhana saLagAvI nidrA ne pracalA e prakRtino nAza kare che ane aMte kevalajJAnI thAya che. 13. sayogI kevalI guNasthAna - ahIM kevalajJAna che paraMtu haju mana, vacana, kAyAno yoga rahelo hoya che tethI sayogI kevalI guNasthAna kahe che. ahIM AtmAnA bhAva kevala zuddha-kSAyika bhAva hoya che, samyaktva ane cAritra paNa kSAyika ja thAya che, kAraNake darzanamohanIya ane cAritramohanIyano kSaya thAya che. ahIM sAmAnya kevalI uparAMta dharmapravartaka ane dharmopadezaka zrI tIrthaMkara, jo te yogya karma prApta karyuM hoya to, thavAya che. te karma 20 sthAnakanA sevanathI prApta thAya che H nAme 1. arihaMta, 2. siddha, 3. pravacana, 4. AcArya, 5. sthavira, 6. upAdhyAya, 7. tapasvI, 8. jJAna, 9. darzana, 10. vinaya, 11. Avazyaka, 12. zIlavrata, 13. tapa, 14. kriyA, 15. dAna, 16. vaiyAvRttva, 17. samAdhi, 18. apUrvajJAnagrahaNa, 19. zrutabhakti, 20. tIrthaprabhAvanA. 14. ayogI kevalI guNasthAnaka - dehotsarga karatAM pahelAM cha mAsa pahelAM kevalI 'samuddAta' karI sarvalokamAM potAnA Atmapradezane vistArI saMkocI nAMkhe che ane pachI dhyAnathI sarva yogathI mukta thAya che tethI 'ayogI kevalI' e nAma A guNasthAnakanuM che. saMmuddAta karI eTale tenAthI nivRtta thaI kevalI pote haju mana, vacana ane kAyAnA yogavALA hovAthI te yogano nirodha karavA arthe trIjuM zukla dhyAna kare che, tyAra pachI AyuSya pUrNa thavAne pAMca hrasvAkSara (a, i, u, R, lu)nA uccAraNa jeTalo kAla bAkI rahe che tyAre tene cothA zukladhyAnanI pariNatirUpa zailezIkaraNa - parvata samAna sthiratA thAya che ane sUkSmarUpa kAyayogamAM rahI tvarita yogAtIta - ayogI guNasthAnamAM jAya che. tyArapachI AyuSya pUrNa karI dehano utsarga karI siddha thAya che. (AmAM dhyAna je kahelAM che tenuM svarUpa jaina yogamAM kahela che ane karmanuM svarUpa 'karmasvarUpa'mAM kathela che to tyAM joI levuM.) [samuddAta - mukti pAmatA jIvanA AyuH-karmamAM koI pheraphAra - vadhaghaTa thaI zakatI nathI. have jo aghAtI evAM vedanIya, nAma, gotra karmonI sthiti AyuHkarma karatAM vadhAre hoya to sarvanI sthiti samAna karavI joIe, kAraNake sarvajJane paNa A cAreya karma bhogavavAnAM to che ja ane sAmAnya rIte sarvajJanA vedanIya karmanI sthiti

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kAryasiddhinuM rahasya : pAMca samavAya tenA AyuHkarmanI sthiti karatAM vadhAre hoya che tethI badhAMne samAna sthitivALAM karavAM Avazyaka che. A samuddAtathI thaI zake. je karmono anya kALamAM anubhava karavAno hoya tene jaladI khapAvavAnuM kAma samuAtamAM lAgelo jIva kare che. A kAma ATha kSaNamAM thAya che. pahelI cAra 'samayamAM jIva potAne lokamAM sarvatra vistAre che ane chellI cAramAM tethI viparIta mULa dazAmAM AvI jAya che. tethI cAreya karmanI sthiti samAna thaI jAya che ane te 14mA ayoga-keli guNasthAnanI yogyatA prApta kare che. zukla dhyAnanA anusaMdhAnamAM AnuM nirUpaNa karyuM che.] kAryasiddhinuM rahasya : pAMca samavAya koIpaNa kArya thavAne mATe pAMca kAraNo nAme'1. kAla, 2. svabhAva, 3. niyati, 4. pUrvakRta ane pa. puruSakAra - puruSArthanI jarUra jaina darzane svIkArelI che. Ane 'samavAya' eTale yatsamavAye vAryamutvadyate jenA maLavAthI kAryanI siddhi thAya te kahevAmAM Ave che. A pAMce maLe to kArya utpanna thAya, paNa temAMnA koI ekathI, bethI traNathI ke cArathI kArya thAya ema mAnavAnuM nathI ema anekAMtika jaino kahe che. ema mAnanAra te ekAMtika che. - have ApaNe dRSTAMta laIe. (1) koI kaheze ke AMbA para kerI pAkavAnuM kAraNa grISmakALa che, kAraNake te zItaLa RtumAM joIe tevA AMbA pAkatA nathI mATe unALo ja AMbAnuM kAraNa, varasAda varasavAnuM kAraNa comAsuM ja, kAraNake varasAda unALe Avato nathI. A pramANe koI kALane ja kAryanuM kAraNa mAne che, kAraNake kALe karSaNa, kALe janma, kALe maraNa, kALe garbha vagere thAya che. (2) varSARtu vakhate badhI vanaspati phAle phaLe, paNa 'javAsA'nuM jhADa karamAI jAya, tenuM kAraNa teno svabhAva ja evo che ke comAsAmAM te phUlephAle niha. lIMbaDo vAvatAM AMbo pAkato nathI kAraNake lIMbaDAno svabhAva ja evo che. maga bAphatAM keTalAka maga 'koraDuM' hovAne lIdhe korA ne korA rahe che te tenA svabhAvane laIne; sAkara pANImAM ogaLI jAya che, mIThuM pANImAM nAMkhatAM ogaLI jAya che, paNa kALamIMDha paththara gaLato ogaLato nathI vagere judIjudI vastuonA svabhAve laIne te te kArya thAya che, tethI keTalAka svabhAvane ja kAryanuM kAraNa mAnI svabhAvavAdI hoya che. kaH kaNTakAnAM prakaroti taikSNyaM vicitrabhAvaM mRgapakSiNAM ca / svabhAvataH sarvamidaM pravRttaM 189 - na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prayatnaH // kaMTakonI tIkSNatA, mRga-pakSI Adino vicitrabhAva e badhuM koNa kare che ? koI 1. kAlosahAva niyaI puvvakayaM purisakariNa paMca / samavAe sammatte egaMte hoi miccha te // kALa, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakarma ane puruSakAra e pAMca samavAyano svIkAra karela che, (temAMthI phakta koIpaNa ekano ja eTale) ekAMtano - amuka ja nizcaye che evo svIkAra karavo te mithyAtva che. - siddhasena divAkarakRta 'sammatitarka.'

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190 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto nahIM. mAtra te-te vastunA svabhAvathI ja te badhuM ema thAya che eTale icchAnusAra kAMI thavAnuM nathI, badhuM svabhAvAdhIna che. to prayatna mithyA che. - AvuM svabhAvavAdanuM svarUpa che. (3) eka evI vAta che ke eka pakSInuM yugala jhADa para beThuM hatuM tene mAravA mATe zikArI bANa tAkI Ubho hato, tevAmAM bAja pakSI paNa te yugalane pakaDI mArI nAMkhavA mATe te jhADa para TAMpIne UDato hato - Ama koI rIte te pakSIyugalane bacavAnA upAya na hato, paNa yogAnuyoga, niyata bhAvI, thavAkALa ke eka jherI sApe te zikArIne DaMkha mAryo. te nIce paDyo ne bANa hAthamAMthI chaTakyuM te jaIne bAja pakSIne lAgyuM. bAja pakSI maraNa pAmI nIce paDayo ne pakSI-yugala bacI gayuM H AnuM nAma niyati, bhavitavyatA, bhAvI; ane tethI keTalAka ekAMte niyativAdI hoya che. (4) ayogya vartanathI rogano udbhava thatAM te dUra karavA mATe vaidya, davA, sAravAra vagere badhI sAmagrI chatAM roga na jAya. to te pUrvakarmanuM, prArabdhanuM kArya lAge che. Ama keTalAka pUrvakarmavAdI hoya che. (5) koIe pote je kaMI dhana meLavyuM hoya, mAna meLavyuM hoya te potAnA zramathI - puruSArthathI meLavyuM che ema mAne che, kAraNake puruSArtha parama Avazyaka kAraNa che. Ama puruSArthavAdI ekAMta hoya che. AvI rIte pAMce jaNa judAjudA kAraNa upara avalaMbana rAkhI kAryanI siddhi mATe te te parama Avazyaka che ema judIjudI rIte mAne che, jyAre jaina tattvajJAnIo kAryanI utpattimAM te pAMca kAraNa samudAye Avazyaka che ane temAM ekapaNa jo ochuM hoya to koI kArya thaI zakatuM nathI ema svIkAre che. uparanAM daSTAMtonuM jarA samAdhAna karIe. (1) AMbo grISmaRtumAM pAke che e kharI vAta che, paNa tenuM kAraNa grISmaRtu ja che e baMdhabesatI vAta nathI. AMbAmAM AMbApaNuM (svabhAva) na hota to AMbo pAkata ? bIja dagdha thayuM hota eTale bIjanuM bIjApaNuM na hota to AMbo pAkata ? nahi ja. to kALanI sAthe svabhAva maLyo. have AMbA pAkavAmAM tathAvidha sAmagrI jogavAI (niyati) jevI ke tathAvidha jalasiMcana, RtunI anukULatA, bhUminI anukUlatA Adi hovI joIe. AMbo ekeMdriya sthAvara vanaspatikAya jIva che. pUrve evuM karma upAmyuM che ke AMbArUpe eNe - e jIve bhUladeha dhAraNa karyo. e (pUrvakama) na hota to AMbA rUpe janmata ja nahi. jIve je pUrve prAraMbheluM hoya - prArabdha hoya - te tene udaya AvI judAjudA vipAkanuM (phalanuM kAraNa thAya che. vaLI A cAre hovA chatAM te AMbAe - sthAvara ekeMdriya sthUla jIve pANI vagerenI je jogavAI hatI te grahaNa karavAmAM avyakta (puruSArtha) na karyo hota to te kadI miSTa phaLa ApI na zakata. A pramANe pAMce kAraNa maLavAthI AMbA pAkavAnuM kArya siddha thayuM. (2) upara pramANe samajI levuM. (3) pakSInuM yugala bacI gayuM temAM yathAyogya' - avazyabhAva e kAraNa kharuM, paNa kALanA paripAka vagara, tenA pUrvakarma vagara, svabhAva ne puruSArtha vagara te bane nahi. vagere vagere. jema strI bALakane janma Ape che temAM prathama kAlanI apekSA che, kAraNake kAla vinA garbhadhAraNa thatuM nathI. bIjuM kAraNa svabhAva che. jo temAM bALaka utpanna hovAno svabhAva hoya to bALaka utpanna thAya, nahi to nahi. vaMdhyAmAM e svabhAva nathI. trIjuM kAraNa avazyabhAva (niyati) che. jo putra utpanna hovAvALo hoya to utpanna thaze.

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kAryasiddhinuM rahasya : pAMca samavAya 191 puruSArthanI paNa jarUra che kAraNake kumArI kanyAne saMbaMdha vagara putra thaI zakato nathI. A badhuM kharuM paNa tenI sAthe bhAgyamAM (kama) hoya to thAya, nahi to sarva kAraNa niSphaLa jAya. kevala bhAgya para ja AdhAra rAkhI besI rahevAthI kArya thaI zakatuM nathI. jema talamAM tela che te udyama vagara kADhI zakAtuM nathI. jo udyamane ja phaladAyaka mAnavAmAM Ave to UMdara udyama karato sarpanA mukhamAM AvI paDe to te udyama niSkala. jAya che. bhAgya ne udhama (prArabdha ne puruSArtha) baMnethI ja kArya thavAnuM mAnavAmAM Ave to te paNa yogya nathI, kAraNake kheDUta samayanagara sattAvAnuM bIjane udyogapUrvaka vAve to paNa kAla vagara - tenI Rtu vagara te phalIbhUta thatuM nathI. jo A traNene ja kAryanAM kAraNa mAnavAmAM Ave to koraDuM maga vAvavAthI kAla, bhAgya, puruSArtha hovA chatAM UgavAno svabhAva na hovAthI UgatA nathI. jo pUrvokta traNamAM cotho svabhAva paNa maLI jAya to paNa jo badhI sAmagrI anukULa na hoya to bIja UgatuM nathI. jemake kheDUte yogya samayamAM bIjane vAvyuM, te bIjamAM sattA paNa che, ane aMkura paNa tenA phUTyA, paNa jo anukUla pavana Adi jogavAI na maLI ane tophAna Adi upadrava thayo to te pUro Uge te pahelAM nAza pAmaze. Ama pAMca kAraNo vagara kAryanI utpatti thaI zakatI nathI. yadacchA eTale akasmAtu - aniyamathI je kAMI thavApaNuM te - tevI yadacchAthI koIpaNa kArya koI kAle ane koI sthale thatuM nathI. te ja pramANe jIva ane pudgala (kama)nA saMbaMdha jIvano tevo svabhAva che tethI thAya che. AthI anaMta pudgalaparAvartamAM bhamavAnuM thAya che te svabhAva vagara thatuM nathI. koI ema kahe ke svabhAvavAda svIkAravAthI kAlAdi kAraNono niSedha thaze to tene kahevAnuM ke kAlAdi sarvatra vyApaka hovAthI te ISTa che eTaluM ja nahi paNa yuktipura:sara che, ane svabhAvane upakAraka che. AtmapariNAmathI karmano baMdha thAya che ane tenAM duHkha sukha kAlAnusAra anubhavAya che, paraMtu te paNa te te vastunA svabhAva vinA banatuM nathI. mATe svabhAva mukhya che ane kAla upakAraka, gauNa che, tethI kAlAdi kaMI karatA nathI tethI tene vRthA kahevA e yogya nathI. paNa te svabhAvane upayogI che, te nirupayogI nathI. mATI jema ghaTanuM pariNAmI - upAdAna kAraNa che ane cakadaMDa kubAlAdi sahakArI (nimitta) kAraNa che te pramANe kAlAdi sahakArI kAraNa che ane svabhAva pariNAmI kAraNa che. A sAmAnya daSTAMto laIne jaNAvyuM ke pAMca kAraNothI kAryasiddhi che; tema mokSarUpI phalanI siddhimAM (samyagdaSTinI prAptimAM) vagere dareka vyAvahArika ke pAramArthika kAryanI siddhimAM paNa uparokta pAMca kAraNo Avazyaka che. dAkhalA tarIke mokSaprApti kArya laIe ane temAM te pAMca kAraNo ghaTAvIe. zrI mahAvIra prabhu mokSe gayA. kyAre ? (1) "kALalabdhi thaI tyAre - kALa paripAka thayo tyAre. koI ema pUche ke tathAvidha kALa anaMta bhUtakALamAM emane nahi maLyo hoya ? uttaramAM temane to zuM paNa ApaNane paNa anaMtIvAra maLyo haze paNa bIjAM kAraNonI utpatti nahi thaI hoya. hAlanA akSaravALAM aMgrejI goLa tALAM Ave che temAM eka sIlIMDara upara pharatAM traNa, cAra, ke pAMca ema ekabIjAne aDoaDa cakkara goThavela hoya che ane te para judA judA akSara pADelA hoya che. AmAMnA amuka

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto sAMketika akSaro jyAre barAbara sIdhI lITImAM Ave tyAre te tALuM kholI zakAya che ke bIDI zakAya che. dhAro ke 'zrImahAvIra' e pAMca akSaro sIdhI lITImAM mUkatAM tALuM kholI zakAya che ke bIDI zakAya che evI goThavaNa che. to joke prathamano 'zrI' AMkA pADela sIdhI lITImAM aneka vakhata Ave, paNa 'mahAvIra' e cAre akSaro jo te 'zrI'nI sAthe ekI vakhate eka samAna lITImAM na Ave tyAM sudhI te tALuM UghaDI na zake ke biDAya nahi. tevI ja rIte eka, be, traNa ke cAra kAraNo bhegAM thayAM hoya paNa pAMce jyAM sudhI bhegAM na thAya tyAM sudhI kAryasiddhi na thAya. zrIman mahAvI2ne aneka vakhata nirvANayoga kAla prApta thayo haze. (2) teo bhavya hatA, arthAt teono svabhAva bhavyatva (mokSa pAmavA yogya) hato; bhavyane ja nirvANa prApta thAya evuM ApaNe agAu joI gayA chIe (juo 'jIvanI utkrAMti'mAM traNa karaNanuM nirUpaNa karatI vakhate 'tathAbhavyatA' saMbaMdhe vivecana). Ama bhavyatva anAdikALanuM hatuM, paNa (3) tathArUpa jogavAI (niyati) eTale sadguru, sadaiva, saddharmanI prApti jyAre thaI tyAre samyaktva prApta karI teoe mokSanuM niyata kAraNa upArjyuM. (4) pUrvakarma paNa prArabdha paNa, mokSaprApti prathamanuM pUrvakRta paNa 'tIrthaMkara nAmakarma'rUpa hatuM arthAt pUrve apUrva bhAvadhyAnAdi pariNAme mokSa Ape evuM prArabdha saMcyuM hatuM - evuM puNyAnubaMdhI puNya upArjyuM hatuM. jyAM sudhI pUrvanuM pratikULa prArabdha hatuM tyAM sudhI te mokSa na pAmyA. ane pratikULa prArabdha sate (5) prabaLa puruSArthathI, upazamabaLathI, vairAgyathI, zAMtithI, upasarga pariSaha samabhAve vedyA tyAre jJAnAvaraNIyAdi ghAtI karmanI nirjarA karI paramasiddhi meLavI. 192 - 1. vedAMtamAM eka dRSTAMta che. vedAMtamAM corAzI lAkha bhavapherA kalpyA che, temAM ema kahyuM che ke corAzI lAkha pherA pharatAM vaccamAM bhIMtamAM eka sUkSma dvAra Ave che tyAM je sparze te tarI jAya che, tene mokSa maLe che. have jovAnuM che ke e sparza thavo keTalo badho muzkela che ? prabaLa sAdhya dRSTi hoya to ja e sparza thAya. jIva jANe ke ociMto maLI jAya to ThIka che. koNa jANe kyA bhave kyAre e dvArano sparza thAya ? mATe AMkho mIMcI khAo, pIo, majA karo. Ama karye kadIpaNa e dvArano sparza na thAya. dvAra Ave tyAM to mohanA pATA AMkha para ADA AvI gayA hoya. Ama anaMtIvAra corAzI lAkha yoni bhamavuM paDe ja. mATe sarve manuSye jAgrata avasthA rAkhavI yogya che. tema puruSArthapUrvaka sAdhya dRSTithI kALapirapAkanI rAha jovI ghaTe che. puruSArtha haze, jAgrata dazA haze to kALalabdhi Adi pAMce kAraNo sahaja bhegAM thaI ja jaze. jaina adhyAtmarasika AnaMdaghanajI nAmanA mahAtmA kahe che ke H kALalabdhi laI paMtha nihALaze re, e AzA avalaMba e jana jIve re jinajI jANajo re, AnaMdaghana mati aMba. 1 ahIM sAthe sAthe kahevAnuM ke jema vedAMtamAM 84 lAkha bhavapherA mAnela che. tema jainamAM paNa 84 lAkha jIvayoni mAnelI che te A rIte H 7 lAkha pRthvIkAya, akAya, agnikAya, vAyukAya, nitya nigoda, sAdhAraNa nigoda darekanI tathA 10 lAkha pratyeka vanaspatinI maLI ekendriya jIvanI 52 lAkha, temAM be lAkha, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya e darekanI thaI viksedriyanI 6 lAkha, 14 lAkha manuSya, 4 lAkha naraka, 4 lAkha deva, ane 4 lAkha paMcedriya tiryaMcanI ema paMceMdriyanI 26 lAkha A rIte 52+6+26=84 lAkha jIvayoni che.

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kAryasiddhinuM rahasya : pAMca samavAya 193 A pramANe jainadarzana pAMca kAraNa sivAya anya koIpaNa kAraNa amuka kAryanI niSpatti mATe svIkAra karatuM nathI. Izvara koIno jagatu Adino kartA nathI, karmonI utpatti tathA tenA nAzamAM IzvaranuM kAMIpaNa kAraNapaNuM nathI. Izvara to akartA che. ukta pAMca kAraNone laIne ja puNyapApajanya svarganarakane vize jIva gamanAgamana kare che, caturgatirUpa bhavaparaMparA pAme che ane potAnAM upArjelAM zubhAzubha karma bhogave che. svabhAva e pariNAmI - upAdAna kAraNa che, ane kAlAdi sarvakAraNa sahakArI kAraNa che - apekSA kAraNa che. dravyamAM je anAdi dravyatvazakti che, te ja sarva padArthone utpanna kare che, temaja laya kare che. te zakti caitanya acaitanyAdi anaMta svabhAvavALI che. tene Izvara, jagatkartA mAnavAthI jaina darzanane kAMI hAni thatI nathI. IzvaranuM kartApaNuM - sRSTikartutvavAda jagadAdirUpa kAryanI utpattimAM avAMtara pralaya mAnanArA naiyAyiko traNa kAraNa mAne che : (1) samavAyI kAraNa jevAM ke paramANu, (2) asamavAyI jevAM ke kavaNukAdi saMyoga (3) nimittakAraNa Izvara, adaSTa ane kAlAdi. AmAM paryAyArthika nayanI apekSAthI pUrvokta paramANu, hayaNukAdi saMyoga, kAla, adaSTa e kAraNo mAnavAmAM jaina darzanane vivAda nathI, paraMtu Izvarane nimittakAraNa mAnatuM nathI kAraNake kRtakRtya evA Izvarane duniyA banAvavAnA phaMdamAM nAMkhavA ucita nathI. | vedAMta jene "brahmAMDa kahe che, anya jene "sRSTi' kahe che, tene jaina 'loka' kahe che. lokanuM lakSaNa e che ke, novIne nIvAdo smina sa no:' - jemAM (jeTalA AkAzamAM) jIvAdika che dravya jovAmAM Ave che tene "loka kahevAmAM Ave che. chaye dravyanuM nivAsakSetra loka che. jyAM sudhI jIva karmanA saMbaMdhathI baddha che tyAM sudhI te saMsArI che ane saMsAramAM paribhramaNa karyA kare che, ane te karmano nAza karI saMsArathI chUTI lokAgre virAjamAna thaI samasta duHkhavarjita anaMta ane avinAzI sukhano bhoktA bane che tene "mukta' jIva kahevAmAM Ave che. A mukta jIvane jaina Izvara kahe che. mukta jIvathI bhitra koI Izvara nathI ane loka anAdinidhana che. cha dravyanA samUhane loka evI saMjJA Apela che. te dravyane banAvavAnI athavA dravyonA samUharUpa karanAranI zuM jarUra che ? koI kahe ke che to pahelAM hatI ke nahi ? pahelAM hatI to pachI tenA banAvavAnI zuM jarUra hatI ? jo nahi hatI to te dravya Izvare upAdAna kAraNa vagara kevI rIte banAvI ? koI kahe ke Izvara pote ja upAdAna kAraNa che to upAdAna kAraNanA guNa kAryamAM AvavA ja joIe, to te pramANe IzvaranAM sarvajJatva, sarvazaktitva Adi guNa A dravyomAM AvavAM joItAM hatAM, paraMtu te to jaNAtAM nathI. AthI Izvara dravyonuM upAdAna kAraNa kadApi nathI. koI kahe ke Izvara nimittakAraNa che, ane jagatu eTale sarva prANImAtra, jaDa vagere IzvaranAM kArya che - pitA jema putranI utpatti kare che tema Izvara sarva prANI

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194 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto mAtranI utpatti kare che. Ane mATe jaina ema kahe che ke tyAre Izvara pitArUpa ane sarva padArtho putrarUpa mAnavA joIe. putranI upara pitAno pyAra hoya e svAbhAvika siddha che. tema Izvarano paNa sarvanI upara pyAra hovo joIe. jo ema hoya to sarva prANI mAtra sukhI hovA joIe. tema to dIThAmAM AvatuM nathI. koI sukhI, koI duHkhI, koI pApI, koI puNyavAnuM, koI narakagAmI tathA koI svargagAmI vagere sarva jIvonI judIjudI viparIta avasthA jovAmAM Ave che. A sAthe vaLI koI kahe che ke brahmane - Izvarane IcchA thaI ke poDahaM vahucam (vedavacana) huM eka chuM te bahu thAuM - ane te pramANe Izvare jagat racyuM. AnA uttaramAM jaina ema kahe che ke zuM pUrvAvasthA sArI nahotI ke bIjI avasthAmAM AvavAnI IcchA thaI ? jo te sArI ane sukharUpa hatI to zuM kutUhala Upajyu ? to pUrvanI sukharUpa hovA pachI bIjI tenA karatAM vadhAre sArI - sukharUpa avasthA hoya to kutUhala karavAnuM mana thAya, paNa brahmane tema hovuM azakya che. A saMbaMdhe atithivizAla vAda - carcA che.' avatAravAda - ukta pAMca kAraNomAMnuM pUrvakarma Izvarane rahyuM ja nathI. te siddha avasthA sarvakarmano kSaya karIne ja pAme che, eTale pachI tene jenAthI janma, maraNa thAya che, te (karma) na hovAthI punaHjanma - avatAragrahaNa karavo paDato nathI, saheje thaI zakato nathI. bIjA dagdha thayA pachI temAMthI aMkurano prAdurbhAva thato nathI, te ja rIte karmabIja dagdha thaye bhavarUpI aMkura udaya pAmato nathI. tema Izvarane koI zatrubhAva hoto ja nathI eTale pachI dAnavIrUpI zatrune mAravA ne devatA rUpI mitrane bacAvavA janma levAno saMbhava hoto ja nathI. A ja pramANe gItAnuM vacana yA yA di dharmasya jJAnarmavati bhArata | puna: saMthApanAthaya saMmavAra yugo yukemAM rahela mukta jIvano te AzayapUrvaka punarAvatAra temaja parArtha mATe avalokitezvara ane maitreya Adi buddhano pharI avatAra (keTalAka bauddho mAne che te) jaino svIkAratA nathI, kAraNa ke je mukta thaI bhavamAM paDe, nirvANane paNa aniSTa jANI dUra karIne pharIthI bhavamAM paDe evo moha siddhamAM AropaNa karavA jeTalI kalpanA paNa jainone mAnya nathI. tevI ja rIte vedAMta, sAMkhya, nyAya-vaizeSika ane bauddhonA amuka ane moTo bhAga muktanuM punarAvartana svIkAratA nathI. 1. jemane sRSTi kartRtvamImAMsA saMbaMdhe jenadarzananuM zuM vaktavya che te vistArathI jANavAnI IcchA hoya tene saMmatitarka paDradarzana samuccaya bhASAMtara pR. 103-121, sRSTikatRtvamImAMsA - paM. gopAladAsajI bayA likhita, jagatkatRtvamImAMsA, vagere graMtho jovA-vicAravAnI vinati naiyAyika ane vaizeSika jagakartA tarIke Izvarane mAne che. vedAMtamAM tenA siddhAMtamAM nathI - vyavahAramAM che, bAkI anya - sAMkhya, ane bauddha jagakartA tarIke Izvarane mAnatA nathI. ["vedAMta' zabda, ahIM 'zAMkaravedAMtanA arthamAM prayojyo che. bIjA vedAMta-saMpradAya IzvaranuM kartRtva svIkAre che.]

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jaina yogamArga 195 jaina yogamArga AtmAnA traNa prakAra sarva jIvane vyakta ke avyakta rIte sukha meLavavAnI IcchA rahe che. A sukhanI kalpanA jevA prakArano jIva pote hoya che te prakAre kare che. pazu Adi tiryaMconI sukha saMbaMdhe kalpanA pUla hoya che. manuSyajIvamAM paNa sukhano khyAla vividha prakArano hoya che. keTalAka IdriyanA bhogomAM, koI dhana, aizvarya, kIrti AdinI prAptimAM sukha mAne che. keTalAka tethI AgaLa vadhIne mAtra bAhya vastunA tyAgamAM AnaMda mAne che ane dhana yauvana Adine sthira mAne che. A sarva bAhya AtmAo - bahirAtmAo che. AthI AgaLa vadhelA paugalika (jaDa) ane AtmIya vastuno taphAvata samajI paugalikano tyAga karanAra ane AtmIya vastuno Adara karanAra prANIo ghaNA alpa hoya che tene aMtarAtmA kahevAmAM Ave che, ane te AtmAo aMtarAtmadazAmAM vartatA - aMtarAtmA pAsethI vizuddha jJAna meLavI tadanusAra vartana karatA - AtmAne AtmA svarUpe oLakhI teno nizcaya karI Atmapragati vadhArI paramAtmA bane che. je AtmA taddana nirlepa, niSkala (zarIra rahita), zuddha, niSpanna, nivRtta (karmathI), nirvikalpa hoya tene paramAtmA kahevAmAM Ave che. aMtarAtmA ane bahirAtmAmAM eTalo ja bheda che ke bahirAtmA jyAre caitanya svarUpa AtmAne dehAdi padArtha - para vastuo sAthe joDe che tyAre aMtarAtmA tene sarva bAhya paravastuothI judo - chUTo kare che. arthAt Idriya dvArA AtmAne je mAnI lIdheluM sukha maLe che te rUpa vyApAra karanAra zarIrane bahirAtmA AtmabhAve jue che, ajJAnajvarathI pIDita thaI bahirAtmabhAvamAM vartI potAthI atyaMta bhinna putra, strI, pazu ane dhana AdimAM paNa huM "mAruM' ema Atmatva jue che, ane iMdriya dvArA AtmasvarUpathI bhraSTa thaI parabhAvamAM ramaNa karI rahyo che, tethI AvA bhramamAM paDI jaI AtmAnuM zuddha svarUpa zuM che, hAlanI dazAnuM kAraNa zuM che te samajato nathI ane AtmasaMpattino nAza karato anaMta saMsAramAM paribhramaNa kare che. A bahirAtmabhAva choDI daIne aMtarAtmabhAvamAM AvavA jIva prayAsa kare che tyAre Idriyano nirodha thatAM aMtarAtmA barAbara prasanna thAya che ane thoDo vakhata je tattvaphuraNA thAya che te paramAtmabhAvanuM rUpa che. AtmatattvanuM yathAsthita jJAna karavuM, manamAMthI vikalpone tajI davA, ane manane AtmatattvamAM yojI daI sattAgata anaMta sukhasvarUpa cidAnaMdamaya sAkSAt prabhutvanuM svamAM darzana karavuM e aMtarAtmabhAva che ane te svarUpe pragaTa karavuM e paramAtmabhAva che. jyAM sudhI AtmAmAM acaLa avasthiti thatI nathI tyAM sudhI saMsArabaMdhanathI mukti maLatI nathI ane tethI tyAMsudhI paramAtmabhAva pragaTa thato nathI. Atmasthiti prApta karavAno mukhya upAya e che ke AtmatattvanuM aMtaraMgamAM darzana karavuM, bAhya-paravastu dehageha vagerenuM darzana karavuM ane te baMnenA saMdeha vagaranA jJAtA thaI AtmanizcayathI jarA paNa DagavuM nahi. A sAdhyabiMdu - paramAtmabhAva ke jyAM sthAyI kharuM sukha saMpUrNapaNe che te meLavavA mATe aneka mArgomAM vyApakapaNe raheluM ati

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196 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto agatyanuM sAdhana yoga che. yogano artha temAM rahela yuju=joDavuM e dhAtu parathI je sAdhyanI sAthe cetanane joDe e thAya che. anya te ja pAribhASika zabda nAme "yoga' ke jeno artha (zubha, azubha) kAyika, vAcika tathA mAnasakarma e thAya che te artha ahIM levAno nathI. A yoganI aneka kriyAprakriyA - sAdhana Adi che te mATe gurUgamanI khAsa jarUra che, nahi to yogamAMthI yogAbhAsamAM patana thAya che. yoganI vyAkhyA vicArIe. pAtaMjala yogadarzanakAra cittavRttinA nirodhane athavA cittavRttinI saMskArazeSa avasthAne yoga kahe che. AnI sAthe jenanI yoga zabdanI vyAkhyA maLatI thatI nathI. sAdhya sAthe cetanano yoga te jaina artha che. jainAcArya zrI haribhadrasUri 'yogadaSTisamuccaya' nAmanA graMthamAM kahe che ke "ayoga eTale zubhaazubha mana-vacana-kAyAnA yogano abhAva - tene yogomAM utkRSTa yoga kahevAmAM Ave che ane teno mokSanI sAthe joDavAno bhAva che ane tenuM svarUpa - lakSaNa sarvasaMnyAsa eTale sarvatyAga che. cittanI taddana nirodhAvasthA athavA zUnyasamAdhisvarUpa jaina daSTie koI paNa prakAre upayogI nathI. ApaNe "jIvanI utkrAMti' AgaLa joI gayA chIe, ane temAM jaNAvela che ke manuSya samyagdarzana amuka pragati karI prApta kare che. have tene jarA vistArathI kahI tethI AgaLa vadhanAra - vadhavA IcchA rAkhanAra sAdhaka jIvanI utkrAMti joIe : unnatikrama batAvavA mATe cauda guNasthAnaka' e nAmanA vibhAga karavAmAM AvyA che. jema jema AtmA - cetana guNasthAnakamAM AgaLa vadhato jAya che tema tema tenA AtmIya guNo savizeSapaNe prakaTa thatA jAya che ane chevaTe caudamAM guNasthAnakanA cheDe te pahoMce che tyAre tene tadanaMtara kSaNe ja sAdhya - muktinI prApti thAya che. A saMbaMdhI vicAraNA thaI gaI che. atyAre to eTaluM jaNAvIzuM ke mithyAtvaguNasthAnakathI (pahelAthI) AgaLa cAlatAM caturtha 'avirati samyagdaSTi' nAmanA guNasthAnakanI dazA prApta thAya che te vakhate have pachI kahevAmAM AvatI caturthadaSTithI AgaLa vadhavAmAM Ave che. pAMcamA guNasthAnake dezavirati prApta thAya che. ane chaTTe sarvavirativALI pramatta dazA thAya che. sAtamA guNasthAnake apramattadazA thAya che. tyAMthI aSTama pragatimAnuM (Progressive) guNasthAnakamAM avAya che. ema AgaLa caDatAM aneka AtmIya guNo pragaTatAM karmano nAza thato jAya che ane chevaTe karmarahita sthiti prApta thAya che. AmAMnA pAMcamAM guNasthAnakathI AgaLa pragati karatI vakhate bahu spaSTatAthI ane sapATAbaMdha unnati thAya che. A guNasthAnakano - unnatikramano agatyano viSaya yoganI ATha daSTi sAthe thoDothoDo vicArIzuM. yoganI ATha dRSTi daSTinI vyAkhyA zraddhAsaMgI bodha che. vicArapUrvaka zraddhA rAkhI nirNaya karavo ane satyasvarUpanuM jJAna karavuM enuM nAma daSTi che. AtmAnA unnatikramamAM jeTalA bhedo unnatisthAnanA thaI zake teTalA dRSTinA bheda thAya che, paraMtu tenA mukhya ATha vibhAga

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jaina yogamArga 197 ATha dRSTi dvArA pADayA che. te ATha dRSTinAM nAma 1. mitrA, 2. tArA, 3. balA, 4. dIprA, 5. sthirA, 6. kAMtA, 7. prabhA ane 8. parA e che. AmAMnI prathama dRSTi ane te pachInI traNa daSTi mithyAdaSTi jIvane paNa saMbhave che. mithyASTi jIvane e cAra daSTi ke jenuM svarUpa unnatikrama vizeSa sUcave che te kema thatI haze ema saheje zaMkA thaze to te svarUpa darzAvavA mATe prathama "oghadRSTi' zuM che te jovuM joIze. oghadaSTi' eTale janasamUhanI sAmAnya dRSTi. vicAra karyA vagara gatAnagatika lokanyAye vaDIlanA dharmane anusaravuM, bahujanasaMmata ke pUjya dharmanA anuyAyI thavuM, potAnI akkalano upayoga na karavo e A dRSTi che. meghavALI rAtrimAM jema caMdranuM spaSTa darzana na thAya, paNa alpa darzana thAya, tema AvaraNasahita buddhivALA - avivekI bALajIvone je sauMdaryanuM darzana thAya che te oghadaSTie samajavuM. ekAMta daSTie amuka vastu tarapha jovAmAM Ave tyAM manamAM prathamathI dhArI rAkheluM pariNAma Ave. A daSTithI judI pADavA mATe ukta ATha daSTine 'yogadaSTi' e nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che. anAdikALathI mithyAtvabhAvamAM haNAto A cetana jyAre oghadaSTi tajI de che tyAre te unnatikramamAM AgaLa vadhe che. anaMta saMsAracakramAM bhramaNa karatAM jyAre jIvane tenI sAdhyasAmIpyadazA thAya che ane tenI bhavasthiti paripakva thAya che tyAre te ukta daSTimAMnI pahelI mitrAdaSTi prApta kare che. jaina paribhASAmAM kahIe to anaMta varSonuM eka pudgalAva, evA anaMta pudgalAva karI A cetana corAzI lakSa jIvayonimAM jIva rakhaDyA kare che - ema karatAM karatAM carama (cheluM) pulAvarta prApta thAya che eTale teTalI saMsAranI maryAdA baMdhAya che tyAre A prathamanI cAra yogadaSTinI prApti te kare che. daSTinI karelI zraddhA saMgI bodha' e vyAkhyAmAMnA satsaMgano yoga ahIM prathamanI cAre dRSTimAM sArI rIte thaI zake che tethI mithyAbhAvamAM vartatA jIvone paNa yogadaSTivALA jIva kahevAmAM Ave che. ane tethI te cAra daSTino samAveza yogadaSTimAM karavAmAM Avyo che. ahIM dhyAnamAM levAnuM che ke prathamanI A cAra dRSTimAM unnatikramamAM pragati karatAM karatAM patana paNa thaI jAya che, jyAre te pachInI pAMcamI sthirA daSTithI AThamI sudhImAM mokSa tarapha karela prayANa aTakatuM nathI ne pragati ja thayA kare che. prathama cAra daSTi sudhI mithyAtva guNasthAnaka che. 1. mitrAdeSTi - AmAM yoganuM prathama aMga "yama' - nAme ahiMsA, satya, asteya, maithunaviramaNa ane apiragraha e suprasiddha pAMca yama - prApta thAya che. AmAM bodha tRNanA agni jevo - vIjaLInA camakArA jevo alpabodha thAya che. A daSTinuM lakSaNa 'akheda - zubhakArya karatAM jarA paNa kaMTALo na Avavo te che. te anya azubha kAryo karanAra pratye "adveSanI hada sudhI jAya che. te pratye tenI karuNA Ave che - paramasahiSNutA (Tolerance) Ave che eTale bIjAne khoTe raste dorato ke doravato joIne te baMnenA para dayA Ave che ane teonA uddhAranA bodha dvArA e rasto le che; chatAM jo te bodha detAM paNa zubha mArga te aMgIkAra na kare ane 1. pAtaMjalayogasUtra dvitIya pAda, sUtra 30.

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198 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto kutarkajAlamAM phasAI rahe to teonI upara dveSa na karato karmapariNati vicArI madhyasthatA dhAraNa kare che. A daSTimAM yogabIjanI vAvaNI thAya che, saMsAra tarapha svAbhAvika rIte ja udvega Ave che, siddhAMta - dharmanItimaya pustako vagere lakhAvavAM, vAMcavAM, manana karavAM vagere jJAnaprApti tarapha AkarSaNa thAya che ane te pratye prayatna kare che. traNa prakAranA avaMcaka bhAva A daSTimAM thAya che. A daSTimAM AvI sthiti thAya che kAraNa ke A dazAe prANInA karmamala - bhAvamala alpa thayAM hoya che. ahIM koI zaMkA karaze ke A mithyAtvaguNasthAnakamAM - hajI pahelI daSTimAM AvI ucca sthiti thAya che to pachI mithyAtva gayA pachInI caturtha paMcama Adi guNasthAnakanI zI vAta karavI ? kAraNake tyAM caDavA mATe to atula vIrya vAparavAnI jarUra rahe. javAba e ja ke A vastusthiti che. sAdhAraNa bAhya kriyAmAtra karavAthI potAnI jAtane unnata thayelI mAnanAra ghaNuMkharuM AtmavaMcanA kare che - AtmAne Thage che. mAtra potAne samyagdaSTi jevI UMca sthiti mAnI levI e moTI bhUla che. je pachInI daSTinuM svarUpa jotAM spaSTa jaNAya tema che ke samyakatva jevI mahAvimaLA dazAe pahoMcavA mATe ghaNAMghaNAM sAdhano ekaThAM karavAnI jarUra che. vaLI mitrAdaSTimAM vartatA jIvone bIjakathA sAMbhaLIne uparama - manamAM bahu AnaMda AvI jAya che, ane ahIM zraddhAno saMgama thAya che. 2. tArAdeSTi - AmAM yoganuM dvitIya aMga nAme niyama" prApta thAya che ke je pAMca che : zauca (zarIra ne mananI zuddhi), saMtoSa (prANayAtrAne nibhAvanAra padArtho sivAya anyanI aspRhA), tapa (kSadhApipAsAdi parISaha sAthe dehadamana), svAdhyAya (sUtragraMtha vagerenuM adhyayana) ane IzvarapraNidhAna (AtmatattvanuM ciMtavana karavuM). ahIM bodha chANAMnA agni jevo che. A daSTinuM lakSaNa 'tattvajijJAsA (tattvajJAna karavAne mATe lAlasA) che. A dRSTimAM vartatA jIvane yogakathA para bahu prema Ave che. te yogIo pratye yathAzakti annadAnAdi vaDe upacAra kare che, ucita kriyA karavAmAM kadI pAchuM jotA nathI. jayAre anucita kriyA karatA nathI, potAnA AcAranI hInatA pratye mahAtrAsa chUTe che, potAnI prajJAnI kalpanAmAM avisaMvAda (aviparItabhAva) jovAne lIdhe temAM vividha prakAranI mumukSunI pravRttio thAya che, pote jANavAne azakta hovA lIdhe je ziSTa puruSo che tenA AcAra pramANe pote varte che. kAraNa ke teo ema mAne che ke amArI buddhi moTI nathI tema zAstra aneka che ne teno saMgraha karyo nathI tethI ziSTa puruSo ja pramANarUpa che. AmAM samyagdarzanano manAku - jarA sparza thAya che. 3. balAdeSTi - AmAM daDha darzana raheluM che. jIvane rahelI aneka prakAranI tRSNAthI te aneka du:kha pAme che. AmAM tevI tRSNA nivRtta thaI javAthI prakRtisaumyatA evI Ave che ke yoganuM trIjuM aMga "Asana' prApta thAya che. ahIM zuzruSA' (zravaNanI IcchA) evI prabaLa thAya che ke jevI bahu suMdara yuvA" nI sAthe paripUrNa 1. (1) yogAvaMcakabhAva -- satparaSono yoga - aMka te (2) kiyA cakabhAva - satparaSono namaskAra, temanI pUjAvidhi vagere (3) phalavaM kamAva - sApothI dharmasiddhi. 2. pAtaMjaladyoga sUtra 2, 3ra

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jaina yogamArga 199 sAmagrIvALo sukhI prANI divyagAna sAMbhaLavAnI IcchA rAkhe ane tenA zravaNathI tene jema jema majA paDe tema A daSTimAMnA jIvane tattvazravaNecchAthI tema karatAM AnaMda Ave che. AmAM bodha kASThanA agninA kaNa jevo che. #padoSa (anyanA camatkAra dekhI lalacAI javArUpa) te nAza pAme che, ane tethI yogamAM rahela akSepa - apratibaMdhathI cittanI sthiratA thAya che ane yogasAdhananA upAya meLavavAnI kuzaLatA thAya che. ahIM prathamanI be daSTi karatAM vadhu pragati thAya che. ahIM vina AvavAthI paDI javAno saMbhava rahe che te khAsa dhyAnamAM rAkhI te vidanane dUra karI AgaLa vadhavAnuM 4. dIprAdeSTi - AmAM yoganuM caturtha aMga nAme prANAyAmano lAbha thAya che - ethI e samajavAnuM che ke bAhya bhAvano reca thAya che, aMtara bhAvano pUra thAya che ane sthiratAbhAvano kuMbhaka thAya che - eTaleke recaka, pUraka ane kuMbhaka nAmanA prANano AyAma thAya che. AvA prakAranA prANAyAmathI (bAhya - sthULa arthamAM prANAyAma zabda vaparAya che tethI AtmonnatimAM bahu lAbha thato nathI) graMthibheda turata thAya che, tethI prazAMtavAhitAno lAbha thAya che. ahIM bodha dIpaprabhA jevo - prathamanI traNa daSTi karatAM vadhu thAya che. atyAra sudhI zravaNecchA hatI te vadhIne 'bodha" pAme che ane te eTale sudhI ke prANano aMta thAya topaNa dharmane na choDe evI dharma para prIti thAya che. joke AmAM vartatA jIvane samyajJAna graMthibhedapUrvaka thayuM nathI tethI tene sUkSma bodha hoto nathI, topaNa gurubhakti vizeSa hovAne lIdhe tene tIrthaMkaradarzana utkRSTa lAge che. ane tenI tene samApatti thatAM - dhyAnathI sparzanA thatAM te sAdhyaprAptinuM - mokSapadanuM kAraNa thAya che. sUkSmabodha to "vedhasaMvedya padanI prAptithI thAya che. ahIM avedya saMvedya pada hovAthI sUkSma bodha thato nathI. chatAM zravaNecchAnuM phaLa - 'zravaNa' spaSTa rIte thAya che. ahIM 'vedyasaMvedya pada para vicAra karavA yogya che. prathamanI cAra daSTimAM 'avedha saMvedya pada ane chellI cAramAM 'vedyasaMvedya pada che. avedha saMvedya padamAM mithyAtva che, bodha uparauparano che. saMsAra para ruci che, pApamAM Asakti che, bhavAbhinaMdIpaNuM che, ane samAropa samAkulatA eTale mithyAtvadoSathI thatAM duHkhane pAmavA pratye javAthI galitapaNuM che. avedya eTale a= viparIta + vedha=jANavA yogya vastu. saMvedya eTale je kSayopazama pramANe nizcayabuddhithI jaNAya che te. pada eTale AzayasthAna. jANavA yogya evI vastune je AzayasthAnamAM kSayopazama pramANe nizcayabuddhithI jaNAya che te vedhasaMvedya pada. ethI viparIta eTale je padamAM vastu ajJAnathI AvaraNa pA - 1 kSayopazama pramANe nizcayabuddhinA nAzathI mRgatRSNAnA jaLa mAphaka jaNAya che te. bhavAbhinaMdInAM lakSaNa zudra (kRpaNa), lAbharati (yAMcAzIla), dIna (bhaviSyamAM akalyANa thaze evuM jonAra), matsarI (bIjAnAM kalyANathI duHkhI thanAra), bhavAn (haMmezAM bIkaNa), zaTha (mAyAvI, kapaTI), ajJa (mUkha), ane bhavamAM AnaMda mAnanAra - saMsAramAM Asakta e bhavAbhinaMdI che ane tenAM ghaNAM kAryo evAM hoya che ke jenuM phala kaMI maLe nahi. A bhavAbhinaMdIpaNAnA pariNAme A padamAM sthita thayela eTale prathamanI cAra dRSTimAM vartatA prANIne kadAca

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200 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto bodha thAya che to te asat pariNAmavALo hoya che, suMdara thato nathI. jevI rIte viSane sparza karela anna nakAmuM thAya che tema niyamathI A pudgalamAM Asakta prANIne suMdara bodha thato nathI. te prANI viparyAsa karyA kare che, hita-ahitano viveka tene hoto nathI ane vartamAnadarzI hoI kheda pAme che. AthI janma-mRtyu-jarA- vyAdhi AdithI pUrNa saMsArane joIne udvega thato nathI. kukRtya kRtya bhAse che, kRtya kukRtya samAna lAge che. duHkhane sukha mAnI vahorI le che. kharaja thaI hoya to tene khaNavAthI zAMti na thAya, paNa te kharajanA nAzathI zAMti thAya, chatAM A vAta prathamanI cAra daSTivALA - avedhasaMvedyapadamAM rahelA jIvothI barAbara samajAtI nathI, tethI kharajane toDavA mATe khaNavAno upAya zodhe che. AvA avedyasaMvedyapadane satsaMga ane AgamanA yogathI jItI levo ghaTe che, nahi to vaLI adhaHpAta thAya che. yathApravRttikaraNa sudhI AvIne ghaNA jIvo pAchA saMsAramAM paDI jAya che ne rakhaDyA kare che. A avedyasaMvedyapada jItavAthI niyamAtu jIvane tattvathI kutarka rUpI viSama graha dUra thAya che. jyAM sudhI kutarka tyAM sudhI tenI sAthe ja bodharoga, zamamAM vidana, zraddhAbhaMga, mithyAbhimAna che vagere aneka bhAvazatruo rahelA che. to kutarkamAM mahAtmAoe abhiniveza na rAkhatAM zrata, zIla ane samAdhimAM rahevuM yukta che. upara kahevAyuM che ke saMsAra caramapulAvartakAla rahe che tyAre prathamanI cAra dRSTi prApta thAya che. ane graMthibheda karyA pachI ardhapagalaparAvarta kALamAM to jarUra mukti thAya che. keTalAka unnata AtmAonI graMthibheda karyA pachI unnati eTalI zIgha thAya che ke aMtarmuhUrta jeTalA bahu alpakALamAM teo sAdhya prApta kare che, jyAre keTalAkanI maMda pragati thAya che. topaNa eTaluM to cokkasa ke graMthibheda thayo ke vahelAmoDuM sAdhyasthAna prApta thavAnuM ja. keTalAka jIvo graMthibheda pachI samyakatva vamI nAMkhe che, ne apakrAMtimAM paDe che, vaLI te pAchA unnata thaI pUrvasthiti para AvI pragati kare che. eTale jainamAM Theory of evolution and involution of Soul - utkrAMtivAda ane apakrAMtivAda bane che. 5. sthirAdeSTi - A daSTi prApta karanAra samyaktva prApta kare che. tenA AcAra ane vicAramAM ane prAkRta prANIonA AcAra-vicAramAM moTo taphAvata paDI jAya che. e vartananA UMcAmAM UMcA guNo - "mArgAnusArInA guNo jevA ke nyAyasaMpanna vaibhava, dAkSiNya, dayA vagere prathamanI cAra dRSTimAM AvI jAya che. (A guNo hoya to. samyaktva hoya ja ema nathI, paNa samyaktva hoya to A guNo hovA ja joIe.) ahIM tattvabodha ratnaprabhA tulya hoya che. atyAra pahelAM tattvajJAnamAM ane sarvagnanI ziSTatAmAM rahetI zaMkA ahIM virAma pAme che. bodha samyapha ane sUkSma thAya che. viSayanI Asakti ahIM ghaTe che ane pAMca indriyanA viSayomAM iMdriyone joDatAM tene svacittasvarUpAnusArI banAve te yoganuM pAMcamuM aMga "pratyAhAra' ahIM prApta thAya che. prathama cAra daSTimAM anukrame prApta thayela adveSa, jijJAsA, zuzraSA ane zravaNane aMge A darTamAM 'sUkSmabodha' prApta thAya che kAraNa ke graMthibhedathI vedyasaMvedyapadanI ahIM upapatti che. ahIM jIve tamograMthinA vibhedathI akhila bhavaceSTA bAlakonI dhULamAM ghara

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jaina yogamArga 201 bAMdhavA jevI kIDA samAna lekhe che ane bAhya padArthone kRtavivekathI paramArthe mRgatRSNA - svapna samAna jANe che. bAdhArahita ane pIDA vagaranI AMtarajyoti lokamAM parama tattva che ane tethI anya sarva duHkhamaya che ema te samaje che. Ama vivekajJAna thavAthI sujJa cetana pratyAhAramAM citta parovI dharmamAM bAdhA karanAra bAbatono parityAga karavA prayatna kare che. te samaje che ke dhananA abhAvamAM ke dhanamAM duHkhasukha na mAnatAM bhogamAM pApabhAvanA rAkhe che. dharmajanita bhoga paNa anarthAvaha che eTale dharma kevala phalanI apekSA rAkhyA vagara kare che. nahi to jema caMdanathI. thayela agni AkhA vanane bALI nAkhe che tema dharmathI thayela sukha paNa sAdhyano kSaya kare che ane saMsAra vadhAre che. AvI rIte nirAzIbhAvathI kArya karI karmanI mahAnirjarA kare che. AthI alaulya, Arogya, aniSpharatva, zarIranI zubha gaMdha, alpa mUtrapurISa, suMdara kAMti, svarasaumyatA - e cihno pahelAM dekhAya che, pachI maitrAdiyukta citta, viSayomAM anAsakti, vairyavALo prabhAva, abhISTa lAbha ane janapriyatva e guNo prApta thAya che ane pachI te niSpanna yogIne doSano nAza, parama vRtti (tRpti), aucityayoga, mahAnuM samatA, vairAdino nAza ane RtaMbharA prajJA prApta thAya che. A sarva sahaje maLe che. 6. kAntAdRSTi - A dRSTimAM yoganuM 6ThuM aMga dhAraNA - cittanI (dhyeya) dezamAM sthiti sthiratA prApta thAya che. AthI mana vikSepamAM na paDatAM dharmamAM ekAgra thAya che. tema thavAthI dharmanA mAhAbhyane laIne tathA samAcAra vizuddhithI sarva prANIone priya bane che. tenuM ekAgramana evuM hoya che ke zruta-siddhAMtamAM nitya bhAvanAmaya mana rAkhe che, ane tethI tenI zarIrakriyA anya ceSTAmAM hoya che to paNa tenAmAM samyam AkSepaka jJAna hovAthI te ceSTA-bhoga-IDhiyArtha saMbaMdho saMsAranA hetu thatA nathI. eTale tattvathI te sarva paugalika vastune mAyAjala mAnI tenAthI aLago rahe che, ane svarUpathI bhogane mAyAjala mAne che tethI tene bhogavato chatAM asaMga rahI paravazatAnA abhAvathI paramapada pAme che. AnAmAM "mImAMsA' guNa rahelo hoya che eTale sadvicArayatAguNa prApta thAya che. AthI te guNathI samyajJAna thAya che. A daSTimAM bodha 'tArAnI prabhA jevo hoya che eTale joke ghaNo nahi paNa ekasarakho - akhaMDita prakAza Ape che. te prakAza evo hoya che ke A daSTimAM vartatA prANInuM caritra sahaja niraticAra thAya che, anuSThAna zuddha hoya che, pramAdarahita vartana hoya che, zubha vastumAM AtmAno viniyoga thAya che ane Azaya udAra ane gaMbhIra thAya che. A parathI bhAse che ke pramAdarahita vartana hovAne lIdhe ahIM sAtamuM apramatta guNasthAnaka prApta thAya che. ApaNe joyuM che ke pAMcamI daSTithI samyaktva thAya che - tyAMthI vedya saMvedyapadanI prApti thavA mAMDe che. bodha samyagu hovAne lIdhe te thayA pachI yamaniyama prathama dezathI ane pachI sarvathA Adare che. yamane dezathI (amuka aMze) AdaravAthI dizavirati guNa prApta thatAM pAMcamuM dezavirati guNasthAnaka prApta thAya che, ane yamane sarvathA AdaravAthI sarvaviratiguNa prApta thatAM chaThuM sarvavirati guNasthAnaka prApta thAya che ane jyAre sarvaviratibhAvamAM vartatA apramAda guNa Ave che tyAre saptama 1. kezavaMghacittI ghAra - pAtaMjala yogasU. 3-1.

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202 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto apramattaguNasthAna varte che. A daSTimAM mImAMsAbhAvathI - sadvicArabhAvathI nitya - sarvakAla moha thato nathI ane tattvamAM ja daSTino samAveza karI AtmAnI prakhara unnati. kare che. 7. prabhAdeSTi - AmAM bodha sUryanI prabhA jevo che ke je lAMbA vakhata sudhI sthirapaNe vizeSatAthI ekasarakho prakAza Ape che. A bodhathI dhyAna thAya che. dhyAna eTale cittanI ekAgratA nAmanuM yoganuM sAtamuM aMga ahIM prApta thAya che. A dhyAnathI tattva para ja pratipatti ane vizeSa samabhAva Ave che tethI koI paNa anya zAstranA vAcanathI viparIta mati thatI nathI. A dhyAnathI sukha evA prakAranuM thAya che ke jethI manmathanAM badhAM sAdhano jItI levAya che ane vivekabala utpanna thatAM tethI samabhAva - samatA ja pragaTe che. jeTaluM paravaza che te sarva duHkha che, jeTaluM Atmavaza che teTaluM sarva sukha che. puNya e paNa karma che ane tethI puNyathI thatuM sukha paNa duHkharUpa che. ahIM spaSTa karmano kSayopazama thavAthI udbhavato evo nirmala bodha thavAthI mahAtmA puruSo sadaiva dhyAnamasta hoya che, ane karmamala kSaNaprAya thaI jAya che. A dhyAna vadhatAM vadhatAM zukladhyAnanI hada sudhI AvI zake che. ahIM anuSThAna asaMga - koIpaNa jAtanA phalanI apekSA vagaranuM vidhiyukta - svAbhAvika rIte hoya che. tethI tenI sampravRtti ja varte che. mahApatha (mokSa) tarapha prayANa ghaNuM AgaLa vadhe che, ane te nityapadanuM prApaka thaI paDe che ke je padathI saMsAramAM AvavApaNuM rahetuM ja nathI. A asaMgAnuSThAna sAdhato prANI A dRSTimAM rahI ukta nityapada ghaNI zIghratAthI prApta karI zake evI mahAna sthitimAM Ave che. 1. A jainonA asaMgAnuSThAnane anya darzanomAM judAM nAma Apela che : prazAMtavAhitAsaMjJe visabhAgaparikSayaH / zivava dhruvAati nimite caMdra (yogadaSTisamuccaya zlo. 174) sAMkhya ne pAtaMjala yogadarzanamAM prazAMtavAhitA, bauddhamAM vibhAga parikSaya, zivomAM zivavarmA, ane mahAvratiko - jaiminIya dhruvAdhvA (dhruvamArga) ema A (asaMgAnuSThAna)nA yogIo judAMjudAM nAma Ape che. prazAMtavAhitAnuM lakSaNa pAtaMjala yogasUtra vibhUtipAda sUtra 10mAM ema Ape che ke : tasya prazAMtavAditA sAratuM eTale (nirodha)nA saMskArathI tenI (cittanI) prazAMtavAhitA (thAya che) - arthAt nirodhano punaHpunaH abhyAsa karavAthI - te nirodhanA saMskAranI daDhatAthI jemAMthI vyutthAnanA saMskArarUpa malanI nivRtti thaI che evA cittanI prazAMtavAhitA eTale nirodha saMskAranI paraMparAne vahana karanArI sthiti thAya che. AnAthI samAdhi thaI ekAgratA thAya che ane chevaTe teone saMskArazeSadazA prApta thAya che je lagabhaga AtmAnA nAza jevI hovAthI jenanI bhedabheda daSTie upakArI nathI. ahIM vaktavya mAtra eTaluM ja che ke A yogadarzanakAroe prazAMtavAhitAmAM je sthiti varNavI che. tevI sthiti asaMgaanuSThAnathI thAya che. viSabhAgakSaya eTale rAgadveSa, ahaMkRti, kAmecchAdinA nAzathI mokSa ema bauddhano mata che. jyAM utpAda ke vinAza nahi ane je dhruva hoya te mokSa ema jaiminIyano mata che. ane A sAtamI dRSTino prANI e sarva padArtha asaMgabhAvathI alipta kriyAyukta uttama AtmaguNanA pariNAma sahita, kapAdhi rahitapaNe zuddha evA mokSa pariNAmavALo hoya che.

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jaina yogamArga 8. parASTi - AmAM 'samAdhi' nAmanuM yoganuM AThamuM ane chelluM aMga prApta thAya che. ahIM samAdhi saMbaMdhe anya darzana sAthe jainadarzana zuM kahe che te joIzuM. pAtaMjala darzana 'vaizavaM cittasya dhArA' (3-1), eTale cittanI (dhyeya) dezamAM sthiti - sthiratA ema dhAraNAnI vyAkhyA karI dhyAnanI e vyAkhyA kare che ke "taMtra - pratyaye tAnatA dhyAnaM''(3-2) eTale temAM (dhAraNAnA pradezamAM) vRttionI ekAgratA (te) dhyAna kahevAya che; ane tyAra pachI 'samAdhi'nI vyAkhyA A sUtramAM mUke che H "tahevArtha mAtra nirmAnuM svarUpazUmiva samAdhi: (3-3) eTale te (dhyAna) ja (jyAre) dhyeya mAtra rUpe prakAza pAmanAruM (ane potAnA) svarUpathI rahita jevuM - zUnya (thAya che tyAre) samAdhi kahevAya che. Ama Atmalaya karanAra - AtmasvarUpanI jyAM zUnyatA hoya evuM pataMjalanI samAdhinuM svarUpa hovAthI te jainaSTie upayogI nathI. jainadRSTie eka dravyamAM ekAgratA karavI te samAdhi che. dhyAnamAM vikSepa karanAra kAraNono abhibhava thAya che, tyAre samAdhimAM teno sarvathA abhibhava thAya che. ane te eTale darajje ke pachI pUrvamArgamAM pAchI gati thatI nathI - tAtparya ke pUrva avasthAmAM je vikSepano kSayopazama thayo hoya che eTale je vikSepa kaMI zAMta thayA hoya che ane kaMIka aMdara gupta rahyA hoya che teno ahIM sarvathA abhibhava thAya che jema mATI piMDarUpa dharmano tyAga karIne ghaTarUpa dharmano svIkAra kare che tevI rIte ahIM samajavuM. A sRSTi samAdhiniSTha che - samAdhinA saMga sivAya A dRSTimAM bIjuM kaMI nathI. tenI pravRtti eTale A dRSTivALA mahAtmanI pravRtti AtmIkRta che Atmika guNamAM pravRtta thayelI che - bIjA kazAmAM (bAhya kriyA AdimAM) nathI. AthI aticAra * dUSaNa koIpaNa lAgatuM nathI. ane tethI pote nirAcAra pada pAme che - pratikramaNa, AlocanA, Adi AcAra sevavAnI jarUra tene hotI ja nathI kAraNake je karmo AcArathI jitAya che te na hovAthI te AcAranI jarUra na ja rahe. A dRSTimAM caMdranI caMdrikA jevo sUkSma bodha thAya che ke je sthAyI rahevA uparAMta sUryaprabhA jevo AMkhane AMjI nAMkhanAra nathI, paraMtu zAMti ApanAra ane aMtaraMga para asara karanAra hoya che. AvA sUkSma bodhane aMge upara jaNAvelI evI 'pravRtti' - AtmaguNapravartana thAya che. sAtamI dRSTimAM je tattvapratipatti kahI te ahIM pravRttimAM paripUrNatA pAme che. ahIM guNazreNI para ArohaNa kare che. tenAM zarIrapudgalo caMdanagaMdha jevAM thaI jAya che. pahelAM kaSAya utpanna karanAra sAMparAyika karmano kSaya thato hato, ane have bhavAMtanI ADe AvanAra bhavopagrAhI karmano kSaya thAya che eTaleke ahIM karmakSaya evo thAya che ke pharI vAra saMsAramAM AvavApaNuM rahetuM ja nathI. je dharmasaMnyAsa upavArathI chaThThA guNasthAnamAM (pramatta saMyataguNasthAnakamAM) zarU thAya che ane pAramArthika dRSTie 8mA apUrvakaraNamAM prApta thAya che te ahIM parAkASThA pAme che, ane chevaTe kevalazrI - muktirUpI lakSmI sadodayA - sarvakAlAbAdhita prApta thAya che. teramA sayogI kevalI guNasthAna prApta karatAM pahelAM tenA ghanaghAtI - AtmaguNanA ghAtaka evAM cAra karmo nAme jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya ane aMtarAyano sarvathA kSaya thAya che. anAdithI karmasaMbaMdhane laIne jIva joke potAnI prakRtithI eTale AtmIya tattvanI - - 203

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204 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto zuddhithI caMdravat vijJAna che, paraMtu te ukta jJAnAvaraNIyAdi vAdaLothI gherAyelA caMdravatuM sthita che. te vAdaLAM dUra thayAM ke mULa svarUpavALo caMdravat thayo eTale jJAnakevalI thayo. (AtmAnuM svarUpa jainadaSTie jJAna che, ane tene AvaraNa lAgelAM hatAM te dUra thayA eTale jJAnasvarUpa AtmA thAya che). have yogI kevalI thayA pachI manoyogAdi rahe che, bIjAM "aghAtI karmo nAme 'vedanIya, nAma, gotra ane Ayu" e cAra karmo rahyAM hoya che, to tyAra pachI sarvajJatAthI aneka prANIonA aMdhakAra bhedI svAbhAvika AnaMdanI parAkASThA anubhavato chevaTe manoyogAdinA para jaya karI meru parvata jevI sthira - zailezI avasthA - "zailezIkaraNa" prApta karI avazeSa uparyukta cAre karmano nAza karI aMte ayogI kevalI guNasthAnaka meLave che - siddha thAya che - mukti pAme che. tyAMthI kadIpaNa - koIpaNa kAle janma-maraNarUpa saMsAramAM tene AvavAnuM thatuM nathI. A sthiti e saunuM sAdhya che. tyAMnI saccidAnaMdamaya sthiti avarNanIya che. yoganuM lakSaNa je mokSa sAthe joDanAra tene yoga kahevAmAM Ave che. jyAre pAtaMjala yoganuM lakSaNa cittavRttino nirodha ema Ape che. yogAbhAsa lokanA ArAdhananI IcchA rAkhI malina aMtarAtmAthI je sankriyA karavAmAM Ave te lokapaMkti athavA mithyA yoga che. tethI azubha-pApakarma baMdhAya che. yogaprAptino samaya oghadaSTi tajI yogadaSTimAM prANI Ave che, te pahelAM anaMta pudgalaparAvartana karyA karato hoya che, ane jyAre carama pulAvarsamAM Ave che tyAre tene yogadaSTi prApta thAya che. te vakhate ja bhavAbhinaMdIpaNAno tyAga ane mArgAnusArIpaNuM Ave che. yoganA bheda adhyAtma, bhAvanA, dhyAna, samatA ane vRttikSaya e pAMca prakArathI mokSano yoga thAya che tethI te pAMca yoga che ane temAM uttarottara zreSThatA che. (yogabiMdu) 1. adhyAtma - ucita pravRttithI vrata (aNuvrata, mahAvratothI yukta thanAranuM jinavacanAnusAra tattvaciMtana (jIvAdi padArthanI arthasahita paryAlocanA) karavuM, maitrI, pramoda, karuNA ane mAdhyacya e cAra bhAvanA sattvAdi viSayomAM atyaMta karavI tene 1. A vAta joke ekAMte paNa bIjI rIte anya darzanamAM kahI che te A pramANe che : (1) vijJAnamAnandra brahma - brahma jJAnarUpa tathA AnaMdarUpa che. - zrutivAkya. (2) jJAnaM naivAtmano dharmo na guNo vA kathaMcana jJAnasvarUpa evAtmA nityaH sarvagataH zivaH / / - jJAna e koIpaNa AtmAno dharma kiMvA guNa nathI, paNa nitya, sarvagata ane kalyANarUpa AtmA jJAnasvarUpa ja che. - smRtivAkya.

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jaina yogamArga adhyAtmane jANanArA adhyAtma kahe che. (yogabiMdu glo. 357). AnuM phala e thAya che ke pApano kSaya (jJAnAvaraNIyAdi kliSTa karmano laya) thAya che, sattva eTale vIryano utkarSa thAya che, zIla eTale cittanI samAdhi thAya che, vastunA avabodharUpa jJAna thAya che, ethI atidAruNa moharUpI viSavikAra jatAM anubhavasiddha - svasaMvedana pratyakSa evuM amRta anubhavAya che. 2. bhAvanA A adhyAtmanI punaH punaH bhAvanArUpa, (abhyAsa) hamezAM mananI samAdhithI yukta - cittanirodhapUrvaka karavA yogya che. AthI kAmakrodhAdirUpa azubha abhyAsathI nivRtti, jJAnAdi viSayarUpa zubha abhyAsamAM anukUlatA, ane satprakAre zuddha cittano utkarSa thAya che. 3. dhyAna zubha evuM eka ja AlaMbana che jenuM evuM je citta eTale eka ja zubha vastu Adi 52 cittavRttinI sthiratA tene buddhimAno dhyAna kahe che. AmAM utpAda Adi viSaya para sUkSma upayoga hoya che, ane te sthira dIpa jevuM hovuM joIe. AnuM phala e thAya che ke sarva kAryamAM AtmAnI svataMtratA sattA rahe che; vRttinI sthiratA, ane anya bhavo karAvanAra karmAdino nAza thAya che. 4. samatA anAdi avidyA khoTI vAsanAthI utpanna thayela vikalpathI kalpita evI iSTAniSTa (iMdriya-manane pramoda ApanAra) vastunA vivekathI tyAgamAM mananI tulyarUpatA samatA rAkhavI tenuM nAma samatA che. AnuM phala Rddhi pratye apravRtti, kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana, yathAkhyAta cAritra Adi aTakAvanAra evAM sUkSma karmono nAza ane apekSA ke je baMdhano hetu che te rUpI taMtuno viccheda thAya che. 5. vRttikSaya - AtmAthI anya evA manodravyanA tenI sAthenA saMyogathI je svabhAvathI taraMga vagaranA samudra samAna che evA AtmAne vikalarUpI vRtti thAya che teno kevalajJAnanA lAbha vakhate ane ayogikevalikAle je punarbhava na pAmavA rUpa sthiti thAya che te vRttikSaya che. tenuM phUla kevalajJAna (sakaladravyaparyAya paripUrNa jANavArUpa), zailezIkaraNa (sarva saMvararUpa parvata ane tenA Iza moTA parvata jevI avasthAno lAbha), ane tyAra pachI anAbAdha (sarva zArIrika mAnasika vyathAthI rahita) ane sarvakAla AnaMda ApanArI mokSaprApti thAya che. 205 - zrImad haribhadrasUrie 'yogadRSTi samuccaya' nAmanA graMthamAM traNa prakAranA yoga kahyA che tenuM svarUpa TUMkamAM jaNAvIe : tenAM nAma 1. icchAyoga, 2. zAsrayoga ane 3. sAmarthyayoga che. A traNe yoga kulayogI ane pravRttacakrayogInA upakAra arthe che, niSpannayogInA upakAra arthe nathI. 1. icchAyoga - je prANIothI jJAnI hovA chatAM zruta ane Agama pramANe vartavAnI icchA hovA chatAM dharmayoga-dharmavyApAra thaI zakato nathI tene icchAyoga kahevAmAM Ave che. 1. kaNAda muktinuM svarUpa 'sukhaduHkhavyavacchedarUpa' - jyAM sukha ane duHkhano nAza che - evuM Ape che, te jaina mata pramANe iSTa nathI, mATe ja muktine duHkharahita kahevA sAthe sukhavALI - AnaMmadaya kahI che. tattvArtha jANyA chatAM pramAdane laIne saMpUrNa

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto 2. zAsrayoga - zAstrapradhAna yoga te zAstrayoga. emAM parAkramathI dharmavyApAra hoya che. eTale yathAzakti apramAdI thaIne AtmAmAM zraddhAvALA zrAddhane AgamanA tIvrabodhathI akhaMDa dharmavyApAra hoya che tene zAstrayoga kahevAmAM Ave che. 206 3. sAmarthyayoga - zAstramAM yogasiddhinA upAyo darzAvelA hoya che AmAM te zAstranuM ullaMghana karyAM vagara potAnI AtmazaktinA udreka-prAbalya-vRddhithI vizeSa upAyo je zodhe che te uttama sAmarthyayoga che. zAstramAM siddhi mokSapadanI prApti mATe samyagdarzanAdine upAyo batAvelA che te 5ramArthathI taddana saMpUrNa na hoya ane paramArthathI teno taddana sAkSAtkAra na thaI zake ema hoya to yogIo zAstranA jJAnathI ja sarvajJa thaI zake. mATe zAstramAMthI ja siddhinA upAyo sarvathA maLe che te na svIkAratAM potAnI Atmazakti sphurAvI siddhinA upAyono sAkSAtkAra je yogathI prANI kare che tene sAmarthyayoga kahevAmAM Ave che. AnI utkRSTa jJAnadazA ane cAritramArga te prAtibhajJAnano viSaya che. prAtibhajJAna te kevalajJAna pUrvenuM che. jema sUryodaya pahelAM aruNodaya thAya che tema kevalajJAna pUrve prAtibhajJAna thAya che. tethI sAdhyano prakAza taddana spaSTAkAre najIka hoya che. A sAmarthyayoganA be bhAga che. (1) dharmasaMnyAsa, (2) yogasaMnyAsa. kSamAdi daza dharmo vagere kSayopazamabhAva tajIne avicyutapaNe (kSAyikabhAve) prApta thAya tene dharmasaMnyAsa kahevAmAM Ave che ane zarIrAdi yoga - vyApAra upara aMkuza AvI jAya che ane yathAsvarUpe yogaprApti thAya che tene yogasaMnyAsa kahevAmAM Ave che. dharmasaMnyAsa AThamA apUrvakaraNa guNasthAnamAM prANI bIjI vakhata apUrvakaraNa kare che tyAre prApta thAya che. tyAre apramatta yati zrapakazreNI Adare che tene tAttvika rIte dharmasaMnyAsa kahevAmAM Ave che. AnI pahelAM je dharmasaMnyAsa thAya che te atAttvika hoya che, kAraNake sAmAnya dIkSAgrahaNa vakhate dharmaprApti thAya che, paraMtu te atAttvika - sAdhAraNa hoya che. dIkSAne yogyanA guNa zAstrakAra evA kahe che ke "te AryadezamAM utpanna thayela, viziSTa kuLavALo, karmamalabuddhi jenI kSINaprAya thaI hoya te. jene ema lAgatuM hoya ke manuSyajanma durlabha che, janmamaraNa nimittarUpa che, lakSmI capala che, viSayo duHkhanA hetu che, saMyogaviyoga thayA kare che, pratikSaNe maraNa thAya che, ane karmanAM phala dAruNa che AvA AvA vicAro bhAvato hoya, saMsArathI virakta hoya, jenA kaSAya ochA hoya, hAsyAdi alpa hoya, je kRtajJa, vinIta, hoya, je pravrajyA grahaNa karyA pahelAM paNa rAjya, pradhAna, nagaravAsI vageremAM bahumAna pAmela hoya, adroha karanAra, kalyANa karanAra, zrAdvaguNasaMpanna hoya." AvI sthitino je prANI unnatikramamAM vadhelo hoya che te pravrajyAne yogya gaNAya che. ane te dharmasaMnyAsane ArAdhI zake che. ATalA parathI samajAze ke uparauparano atAttvika dharmasaMnyAsa chaThThA pramattaguNasthAnake (sarvavirati guNasthAnake) thAya che, paraMtu tAttvika dharmasaMnyAsanI prApti AThamA guNasthAnake (apUrvakaraNa guNasthAnake) thAya che, tyAre kSAyopamika bhAvo nAza pAme che, ane moha vagere ghanaghAtI karmono nAza thato jAya che. (A bIjA apUrvakaraNa vakhate prANI kSapaka zreNI mAMDe che, ane prathama apUrvakaraNa vakhate graMthibheda kare che te -

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jaina yogamArga 207 ApaNe upara joI gayA chIe.) ane yogasaMnyAsa kevalajJAnano yoga thavA pachI zailezI avasthAnA phalarUpe bhavopagrAhI karmanA nAza thavA rUpenI sthitie pahoMcyA pachI ayogaguNasthAnanI avasthAmAM prApta thAya che. (ahIM yogano artha manAdiyogano ayoga e saMpUrNapaNe thAya che.) have yogIonA bheda para gayA pahelAM 5 prakAranA yama ane traNa prakAranA avaMcakabhAva vicArI jaIe : pAMca prakAranA yama nAme ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya ane aparigraha - akiMcanatva (mahAvrata) ApaNe jANIe chIe, te 5 yamanuM have pachI vivecana thaze. kAraNa ke yoganAM 8 aMgamAMnuM prathama aMga che. bIjI rIte yamanA 4 bheda pADavAmAM AvyA che. yamanA cAra bheda yamanA 4 bheda A pramANe H 1. icchAyama, 2. pravRttiyama, 3. sthirayama, ane 4. siddhiyama. have te dareka laIe. 1. IcchAyama - je yamI - yamamAM pravRtta hoya tenI kathA zravaNa karavAmAM AnaMda Ave ane tevA yama karavAnI icchA thAya te icchAyama. 2. pravRttiyama - IcchAthI AgaLa vadhI jemAM pravRtti thAya eTale upazamabhAvapUrvaka yamanuM pAlana karavuM te pravRttima. 3. sthirayama - kSayopazamabhAvathI svabhAvatayA aticAra(doSa)nI ciMtArahitapaNe je yamanuM pAlana karavuM te sthirayama. 4. siddhiyama - zuddha aMtarAtmAmAM utkRSTa siddhisAdhaka yoganI aciMtya varSollAsapUrvaka prakriyA karavAmAM Ave che. AmAM utkRSTa yamaprApti thAya che. ane tethI AsapAsa vairatyAga thaI jAya che. (yogadaSTisamuccaya. 212-216) avaMcakanA traNa bheda avaMcaka e avyakta samAdhi che athavA kSayopazamane laIne tenA jevo AzayavizeSa che. te traNa jAtanAM che. tenuM TUMka lakSaNa mitrAdaSTimAM AgaLa pAdaTIpamAM kahyuM che. te traNanAM nAma 1. yogAvaMcaka, 2. kriyAvaMcaka ane 3. phalAvaMcaka che. 1. yogAvaMcaka - viziSTa puNyavAnuM sapuruSo ane jenAM darzanathI pavitra thavAya evAnAM darzanano yoga - lAbha te yogAvaMcaka. 2. kriyAvaMcaka - tevA sapuruSone praNAma karavA temaja bIjI tevI kriyA karavI che. AthI mahApApa -- nIcagotrakarmano kSaya thAya che. 3. phalAvaMcaka - A chello phalAvaMcakayoga te uparanA bethI - satparaSonA niyogathI zubha anubaMdharUpa dharmasiddhimAM phaLanI prApti thavI te che. (yo.da.sa. 34-217-219) 1. jaino jene 'vata' kahe che tene sAMkhya - yogadarzana 'yama' kahe che. hiMsIsityAsta brahma rigraha yama: - pAtaMjala yogasUtra 2-3.

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208 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto yogInA bhedo 1. goyogI - kulayogI - je yogInA gotra ke kulamAM utpanna thayelA hoya te gotra-kulayogI che. teo potAnA cittamAM ema mAne che ke amo paNa yogI chIe. jenA dharmAcAra rUDhimArgane anusaratA hoya evA sAmAnya buddhie vartatA sarva tApasAdi kulayogI che. tenA vizeSa guNa e che ke te sarvatra aSI che, guru-deva-dvija vagare tene priya che, dayAla, vinIta bodhavAna ane yateMdriya che. 2. pravRttacakrayogI - jenAmAM upara kahela cAramAMnA prathamanA be yama hoya, zuzruSA Adi ATha guNa hoya ane upara kahela traNa avaMcaka yogamAMthI pahelo yogAvaMcaka prApta thayo hoya ane bIjA be kriyA ne phlAvaMcaka bhAvanI prApti karavAnI IcchA hoya te pravRttacakayogI kahevAya che. tene jainamAM "saMvijJapakSI" paNa kahela che. vaLI yoganI aMtaraMga sthiti pramANe jevA jevA yoga varte te pramANe aneka bhedo yogInA pADI zakAya tema che. graMthibheda thayA pachI avirati dazAmAM rahenAra jIvone adratIyogI, dezathI - amuka aMze lIdhela yamI zrAddhane dezaviratiyogI, sarvathA paMca yama karanAra mahAtmAne sarvaviratiyogI kahevAya che. vaLI e sarvavirati yogIomAM paNa jeo apramatta dazAmAM hoya che temAMnA keTalAka zreNIArUDha ane zreNIanArUDha avasthAmAM hoya che. vaLI zreNIgata yogIomAM keTalAka upazama zreNIgata ane keTalAka kSAyikazreNIgata hoya che. kSAyikazreNIgatamAM keTalAka sayogI ane keTalAka ayogI, paramayogI hoya che. (yo.da.sa. 206-210) yogaprAptinA upAya yoganI prApti mATe pUrvasevA" - pUrvasAdhana karavAnI jarUra che. jIva game te yonimAM hoya tathApi te bhavya hovA chatAM paNa jo cAritravAnuM (dezathI ke sarvathA) na hoya tyAM sudhI tene yoga prApta thavAno saMbhava nathI. A para daSTAMta e ke tRNa che te gAya khAya che ane tenuM ghI thAya che eTale tRNa dhRtayogya che, paraMtu te tRNa dhRtayogya chatAM paNa tRNa tRNAvasthAmAM ja rahe to vRta thatuM nathI, tema jIva je sthitimAM hoya temAM ja rahe ne cAritravAn na thAya to te bhavya - yogyatAvALo hovA chatAM paNa yogarUpI pariNAmane pAmato nathI. A parathI jANavAnuM ke pUrve kahela adhyAtma Adi yoga prApta karavAne cAritrAdi pUrvAganI jarUra che. pahelA cittanI nirmalatA joIe. tema thatAM pUrve kahela adhyAtmayoga prApta thAya che. have te nirmala karavAmAM pUrvasevA upayukta che ane te "pUrvasevA' zuM che te kahe che. pUrvasevA 4 prakAranI che ? - 1. gurudevAdipUjana, 2. sadAcAra, 3. tapa ane 4. muktadveSa. 1. gurudevAdipUjana - (a) gurumAM mAtA, pitA, kalAcArya, temanA saMbaMdhI, vRddho, dharmopadezako e samAI jAya che. temanuM traNe saMdhyA samaye pUjana karavuM eTale namana 1. zuSa thavAM jaiva praha thAra tathA, hAMDavodoDaWvijJAne tattvajJAna 2 thIguT: A ATha buddhinA guNa che.

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jaina yogamArga 209 karavuM ane teono avasara - saMjoga prApta na thAya to cittamAM temane AropI namana karavuM. temano UbhA thaI satkAra karavo, vinayathI bhASaNa karavuM, Asana-bhojanAdi ApavAM vagere. (ba) devapUjana dravyathI ane bhAvathI thAya che. dravyathI viziSTa vastu upacArathI - uttama puSpa, bali, vagerethI pUjA karavI te. ane bhAvapUrvaka manamAM teone sthAna ApavuM te. jevA ke stotrAdi stuti ane dhyAnathI bhAvavuM tene bhAvapUjana kahe che. jo amuka devamAM savanA guNo hovAno nirNaya na thaI zakyo hoya to prazasta AzayavALA gRhasthe sarva devanI pUjA karavI. amuka eka ja devane namaskAra karavAnI Agrahabuddhi karatAM AvI oghadaSTithI sarvadevone namaskAra karavA te apekSAe sAruM che. zrI haribhadrasUri kahe che ke : "je eka ja devane na vaLagI rahetAM sarva devane namaskAra kare te jitendriya ane jitakrodha jano uttama gati pAme che. Ane mATe zAstrakAra cArisaMjIvanI cAra nyAya batAve che. A rIte karavAthI mArgadarzIpaNuM Ave che. ane vizeSa bodha thatAM sarva karatAM amuka deva guNathI adhika che ema nizcaya thAya che - sadevatattvanuM jJAna thAya che tyAre anyano deSa karyA vinA ja te deva upara pUrNa zraddhArUpa iSTa siddhi thAya che. (ka) anyapUjana - eTale pAtra enA vratastha puruSo ke je vizeSe bhikSAmAtrathI nirvAha kare che te tathA potAnA siddhAMtAnusAra aviruddha AcaraNa Acare che te pratye, temaja dIna evA aMdha, vyAdhigrasta, garIba, nirvAha karavAmAM azakta evA pratye, potAnA kuTuMba Adi poSya varganuM poSaNa karavAmAM bAdha na Ave evI rIte dharmathI aviruddhapaNe eTale denAra ane lenArane doSa na Ave evI rIte dAna karavuM e paNa pUjanaprakAra che. dAna, zIla, tapa ane bhAvanA e cAra aMgavALA dharmanuM prathama aMga 1. sarvAndevAnnamasyanti naikaM devaM samAzritAH / jitendriya nitawodhA duSpatitatti te . yogabiMdu. 118 2. A nyAya A pramANe che : eka gAmamAM eka brAhmaNanI putrIne eka bahenapaNI hatI te paraNI eTale judI paDI, ne brAhmaNIno pati tene tenI sakhI pAse javA na de tethI te ghaNI kleza pAmavA lAgI. evAmAM brAhmaNane ghera paroNA AvyA. temaNe tene udAsa dekhI kAraNa pUchatAM eka auSadhi ApIne kahyuM ke AnAthI tAro pati baLada thaI jaze. paroNA gayA pachI brAhmaNIe auSadhi ajamAvI to brAhmaNa baLada thaI gayo. pachI ghaNo pazcAttApa karatI tene jaMgalamAM ghAsa carAvatI phare paNa kAMI vaLe nahi. evAmAM eka vaDanI heThe beThI hatI tyAM AkAzagAmI joDaluM tenI zAkhAmAM AvI beThuM. temaNe paraspara vAta karI ke A baLada kharo baLada nathI, paNa puruSa che ane jo A vaDa nIce saMjIvanI auSadhi che te suMghe to puruSa thAya. A pramANe brAhmaNIe sAMbhaLatAM te kaI auSadhi che te khabara na hovA chatAM badhI vanaspati te jhADa nIce hatI te khavarAvI ane ene carAvatAM carAvatAM - cAro AvatAM te baLada puruSa thaI gayo. jema A puruSane pelI sakhI pAse laI javA baLada karyo ane carAvyo (cAri) ane saMjIvanI auSadhano cAro (cAra) karAvyo ne te puruSa thayo. (te cArisaMjIvanI cAra nyAya kahevAya che.) te pramANe guru baLada jevA ziSyane vividha devanA pUjanAdimAM cArate cArate chevaTa samyagdavatArUpI saMjIvanI batAve che. ane yogya jJAna upara laI jAya che.

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210 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto - pada dAna che. ane te dAridrayano, durgatino nAza kare che ane kIrtimAM vadhAro kare che. 2. sadAcAra - nItinA uttama niyamonuM anusaraNa te sadAcAra che. temAM aneka guNo Ave che. bahu agatyanA guNo laIe to lokamAM potAnI apakIrti thAya to te mATe maraNathI paNa vizeSa bhaya lAge te lokApavAdabhIrutva, duHkhI prANI upara dayA lAvI tenA uddhAra arthe prayatna te dInoddhArano Adara, pArakAnA upakAranI kadara karavI te kRtajJatA, gaMbhIradhIra prANI matsara rahita thaI prakRtithI ja bIjAnAM kAryo karavAnI tatparatA te dAkSiNya, bIjAnI niMdAno tyAga, sAdhupuruSonI prazaMsA, duHkha prasaMge adInabhAva, saMpatti samaye namratA, prasaMge mita ane hita bhASaNa, pratijJApAlana, vrataniyamAdi kriyA, ane aviruddha svakulanA AcAranuM anusaraNa, asat athavA anupayogImAM dhananA vyayano tyAga, devapUjanAdimAM vyaya, viziSTa phala ApanAra prayojanamAM Agraha, madyapAnAdi pramAdano tyAga, lokAcAranuM anusaraNa, aucityanuM sva ane parapakSe pAlana, prANa jAya to paNa niMdita kAryamAM apravRtti vagere sadAcAra che. yogAdhikArI utkRSTa naitika dharma pALanAra hovo joIe. nIti uttama na hoya to yoganI prApti alabdha che. naitika thayA vagara graMthibheda thAya nahi. 3. tapa - cAMdrAyaNa, kachu Adi aneka prakAranA tapa che. tapa je bAhya ane AMtara kahela che temAM ahIM bAhya tapa yoga prAptinI pUrvAvasthAmAM upayogI gaNela bhAse che. Ama gaNavAnuM kAraNa e che ke dehanI cULa zaktio upara aMkuza AvavA uparAMta te dvArA mAnasika vRttio para paNa eka jAtano saMyama prApta thAya che. 4. mutyadveSa - A mahattvano aMtaraMga upAya che. sarva karmanI AtyaMtika mukti te mokSa che ane tyAM bhoga ke kleza hoto ja nathI. AvI mukti pratye bhavAbhinaMdIno Adara hoto nathI. teo ema kahe che ke "mokSa jevI vastu ja kyAM che ? hoya to tyAM jaIne zuM karavAnuM che ?" -- "mokSa e anizcita che. mATe e nizcita viSaya vinAnI vAtanI icchA karavA karatAM ramya vRMdAvanamAM ziyALa thaIne bhaTakavAmAM vadhAre sukha che." AvA muktidveSI pralApa mohamAM DUbatA thaI saMsArane vadhAre che. jeo AvA nathI, mokSa pratye dveSa rAkhatA nathI te puruSo bhavabIjano tyAga karI, caramapudgalAvarta karI kalyANabhAgI thAya che. AthI jaDavAda (materialism), samAjane sukha thAya teTaluM karavuM, tethI vizeSa nahi evo janasukhavAda (utilitarianism), khAopIo ne majA karo evo cArvAka Adino nAstikavAda vagereno parihAra karI muktinA kharA svarUpa pratye AdhAra rAkhavAthI mokSamArgopayogI adhyAtmayoga pamAya che. pUrve kathela gurudevAdi pUjana vagere karatAM A vizeSa upayogI ane mahattvano che. (yogabiMdu. zloka 94-97, 109) pAMca prakAranAM anuSThAna keTalAMka anuSThAna evAM hoya che ke jethI yoganI prApti thatI nathI. te dravyAnuSThAna hoya che. temAM Azaya mUla hoto nathI yA hoya che to azubha Azaya hoya che. te mATe te Azaya parathI anuSThAnanA be prakAra pADayA che. 1. bhavAbhivaMgathI

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jaina yogamArga 211 ane 2. anAbhogathI. bhavAbhimbaMga eTale A loka ane paralokamAM (jevI ke kIrti, svargasukha vagere) phalanI apekSA, kAraNake tethI ja saMsArano saMbaMdha rahyA ja kare che. anAbhoga eTale karAtAM karmamAM anadhyavasAya - anavadhAnatA - asAvadhAnatA (anu=nahi + Abhoga=adhyavasAya). A baMnethI thatAM anuSThAno yogaprApti thayAM pahelAM eTale caramAvartathI anya AvartAmAM hoya che, kAraNake caramAvartamAM sahaja alpa karmamala hoya che eTale temAM ja yogaprApti thAya che. upara gurudevAdipUjana je batAvyAM temAM jevo Azaya rAkhIe tevuM phaLa maLe che, ane te halako Azaya be prakArano che te upalA phakarAmAM kahyuM. te parathI ane ucca Azaya parathI anuSThAnanA pAMca bhAga karyA che. 1. viSa 2. garala 3. ananuSThAna 4. tahetu anuSThAna pa. amRta anuSThAna. AmAM pahelAM traNa caramAvartathI pUrvanA AvartAmAM hoya che ane chellAM be caramAvartamAM hoya che. uparyukta pUrvasevA ekanI eka ja chatAM kartAnA Azayabhede caramAvartamAM - yoganI prAptinA samayamAM gurudevAdi pUjana anya prakAranuM thAya. te pAMca anuSThAnanAM lakSaNa joIe. 1. viSAnuSThAna - kIrti AdinI spRhAthI parizuddha evA aMtaHkaraNanA pariNAmano vinAza karavo te viSAnuSThAna che. AmAM laghu - tuccha bhAvano Azaya hovAthI temaja AtmAne viSa jema turata phala Ape tema turata phala ApatuM hovAthI viSAnuSThAna kahevAmAM Ave che. 2. garalAnuSThAna - svargabhogAdi IcchAthI je anuSThAna te "gara' kahevAya. kAraNa ke AmAM paNa zuddhacittano nAza thavAthI aneka janmamaraNanA cakramAM paDAya che. bahu samaye tenuM phaLa thAya che tethI gara nAma ApyuM che, jyAre uparyuktanuM phala turata thAya che tethI 'viSa' nAma tene apAyeluM che. bAkI baMneno artha eka ja eTale jhera thAya che. upalAM baMne bhavAbhimbaMgathI thAya che. 3. ananuSThAna - anAbhogathI thatuM anuSThAna te ananuSThAna kahevAya che. anAbhogathI eTale mUcchamAM rahela manathI athavA saMpramugdha manathI pUrvasevAnuM anuSThAna te ananuSThAna ja kahevAya, kAraNake cittanA apraNidhAnathI karelI sevA te na karyA jevI ja che - anuSThAna chatAM paNa ananuSThAna ja che. A anuSThAna upara kahela anAbhogathI thAya che. 4. taduhetu anuSThAna - uparyukta pUrvasevAdi paramarAgapUrvaka karavI te sadanuSThAnano uttama hetu hovAthI tene taduhetuM anuSThAna kahevAmAM Ave che. AmAM mujyadveSarUpa sadbhAvano aMza rahe che tethI te saddabhAvano hetu che. A prAyaH caramAvartamAM thAya che. pa. amRta anuSThAna - bhAva - zuddha zraddhA jemAM pradhAna che ane je saMvega eTale nirvANAbhilASAthI atyaMta garbhita che evuM je sevAdinuM anuSThAna tene amRtA anuSThAna kahevAmAM Ave che, kAraNake te AtmAne amRta samAna che. A chellA be caramAvartamAM - yoganI prAptinA samayamAM thAya che. pUrvAvargomAM devAdipUjana hatuM te nizcaye yoganI ayogyatApUrvaka hoya che, jyAre zaramAvartamAM

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212 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto devAdipUjana samullasita yoganA yogya bhAvamAM hoya che. A baMnemAM phera che. A parathI samajAze ke amuka phalanI apekSAthI anuSThAna karavAM te viSa ane garala che. mAtra anuSThAna khAtara ja anuSThAna karavAM. phalanI IcchA na rAkhavI.' (yogabiMdu, 150-161) aSTAMga yoga - yoganAM ATha aMga 1. yama, 2. niyama, 3. Asana, 4. prANAyAma, 5. pratyAhAra, 6. dhAraNA, 7. dhyAna ane 8. samAdhi e yoganAM ATha aMga che. 1. yama - saMsArasamudrane oLaMgavAmAM AtmIyaguNo - jJAna, darzana ane cAritra pragaTAvavAnI jarUra che. tema thavA mATe traNa tattva nAme deva, guru ane sadharma para zraddhA rAkhavAnI jarUra che. A zraddhA barAbara TakI zake te mATe rAgadveSarahita vItarAga evA sadaiva tattvane zodhavA joIe. te tattva batAvanAra tarIke niHspRha, samatAvAna ane zuddha tattvano yathArtha bodha karanAra, kSamA Adi daza dharma ane paMcamahAvratadhAraka sadgaranuM svarUpa jANavuM joIe ane tevA sadguru maLe te pAsethI agara zAstrathI sadharmanuM svarUpa samajavuM joIe. Ama sudeva, sugara, sudharmanI barAbara zodha karI temane AdaravA tene "samyakta' kahevAmAM Ave che; temaja jIvAdi tattvonuM yathArtha svarUpa samajI temAM zraddhA rAkhI jaDa ane jIvano bheda vaheMcavA rUpe AtmajJAnane "samyakatva' kahevAmAM Ave che. A samyaktva thayuM ke nahi tenI nizAnI tarIke tenAM pAMca 'liMga' kahyAM che. (1) tIvra kaSAyanA udayanA tyAgarUpa zama, (2) mokSanI abhilASA rUpa saMvega (3) saMsAra para kheda - anAdaravRtti te nirveda (4) koIpaNa prakAranA svArtha vagara duHkhI prANIne duHkhamAMthI choDAvavAnI icchA te anukaMpA, (5) zuddhatattva para zaMkArahitapaNuM te Astikya. A pAMca liMga parathI samyakatvanA astitvanI khabara paDe che. graMthibheda thaI samyaktva pAmyA pachI prANI dezaviratipaNuM prApta kare che. eTale pAMca yamone amuka aMze prApta kare che. ahIM hiMsAdino tyAga zUlapaNe thAya che, ane pachI sarvathA tyAga karI sarvaviratipaNuM prApta kare che. A pAMca yamo (1) ahiMsA, (2) satya, (3) asteya, (4) brahmacarya ane (5) aparigraha che. jeno tene "vrata' kahe (1) ahiMsA - pramAdanA yogathI trasa ke sthAvara jIvono nAza na karavo te. (2) satya - priya, pathya (hitakArI), ane satyavacana bolavuM te. (3) asteya - adatta vastunuM nahi levuM te. 1. A sAthe vaiSNavo jene "samarpaNa' kahe che te sarakhAvo. teo sarva kiyA temanA prabhune arpaNa kare che. AmAM prabhune ApavAthI prabhu kaMI leto nathI, levAnI tene icchA nathI - tenI pAse akhUTa nidhi che, paraMtu AmAM rahasya e che ke mamakAra choDI, huM karuM chuM e bhAva tajI prabhu arthe sarva che ema bhAvanA bhAvavAmAM phalanI apekSA rahetI nathI. vaLI zrImad bhagavadgItAmAM kahyuM che : ____ karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana /

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jaina yogamArga 213 (4) brahmacarya - sthUlathI svadArAsaMtoSa, parastrImaithunathI viramaNa ane sUkSmathI maithunano sarvathA tyAga. (5) aparigraha -- sarvabhAvamAM mUccha - mohano tyAga te. A badhAM vrata sthUlathI hoya che - amuka aMze hoya che tyAre dezaviti - dezatyAga kahevAmAM Ave che (zrAvakanAM aNuvrata). sUkSmathI - sarvathA hoya che tyAre sarvavirati - sarvatyAga - sarvathAtyAga kahevAmAM Ave che. (sAdhunAM pa mahAvrata.) 2. niyama - pAtaMjala yogazAstra pramANe zauca, saMtoSa, svAdhyAya, tapa ane IzvarapraNidhAna e pAMca niyamo che tenuM TUMkuM lakSaNa bIjI tArAdaSTimAM Apela che. AnA saMbaMdhamAM vivecana karatAM zrImad yazovijayajI potAnI bAvIzamI batrIzImAM kahe che ke zaucathI chaThThI azucibhAvanA bhAvI zarIra para jugupsA thAya che. AthI AtmaguNanI vRddhi thatAM rajas ane tamobhAva abhihata thAya che, Idriya upara jaya sadhAya che ane Atmadarzana karavAne yogyatA prApta thAya che; saMtoSathI uttama prakAranuM Atmika sukha thAya che, svAdhyAyathI iSTa darzana thAya che, tapathI zarIra ane Idriya para bahu uttama prakArano aMkuza Ave che, ane IzvarapraNidhAnathI AtmasamAdhi prApta thAya che. jainamAM zrAvakanA traNa guNavrata ane cAra zikSAvrata e niyamo che. AmAM 5 aNuvrata ke jenuM yamamAM nirUpaNa thayuM te umeratAM zrAvakanAM bAra vata thAya che. A guNavrata ane zikSAvratano sAdhunAM pAMca mahAvratamAM sahaja samAveza thAya che. paccakhANa (pratyAkhyAna) e paNa niyama che. 3. Asana -- AnI aneka prakriyAo yogazAstrakAroe batAvI che. zrI hemacaMdrAcArye yogazAstramAM paryakAsana, vIrAsana, vajAsana, abbAsana, bhadrAsana, daMDAsana, utkaTikAna, godohikAnana, tathA kAyotsarganuM lakSaNa batAvela che. A viSaya tenA abhyAsI pAsethI jANavA jevo che. je je Asana karavAthI mana sthira thAya te te dhyAnane sAdhanAnuM jANavuM. Asana dhyAnanI prAthamika avasthAmAM Avazyaka che, paraMtu e mATe eka niyama nathI. IdriyonI capaLatA na thatAM mana vikalpa para na caDe te mATe Asana upayogI gaNela che. 4. prANAyAma - prANa pAMca prakAranA che : prANa, apAna, samAna, udAna ane vyAna. prANavAyu nAsikAnA agrabhAga, hRdaya, nAbhi ane paganA aMgUThAmAM rahe che ne lIlA vano hoya che. apAnavAyu kALA raMganI ane gaLAnI pAchaLanI nADIomAM, gudAmAM ane paganA pachavADenA bhAgamAM rahe che. samAnavAyu zveta che ne saMdhisthAnomAM rahe che. rakta vano udAna vAyu hRdaya, kaMdatALu ane kapALanA madhyabhAgamAM rahe che ane vyAnavAyuM idradhanuSyanA varNavALo cAmaDImAM sarvatra rahe che. A vAyunAM lakSaNa jANI tenA para vijaya meLavavo. tene prANAyAma kahe che. zvAsocchuvAsanI gatino cheda karavo tene prANAyAma kahe che, ane te recaka, pUraka ane kuMbhaka e traNa prakArano che. nAbhimAMthI bahu yatnapUrvaka dhImethI vAyune bahAra kADhavo te recaka', bahArathI kheMcI lIdhelA vAyune nAbhimAM sArI rIte bharIne tyAM sthApavo te "kuMbhaka, ane kheMcI levAnA kAryane pUraka' kahevAya che. A prANAyAmathI zArIrika ane mAnasika aneka vyAdhiono,

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214 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto nAza thAya che. nADIjJAna paNa AmAM samAya che. DAbI nAsikAmAM zvAsocchavAsa cAle tene iDAnA DI (caMdranADI) kahe che, jamaNI nAsikAmAMthI pavana cAle tene piMgalAnA DI (sUryanADI) kahe che ane baMne bAjunI nAsikAmAMthI pavana cAle tene supuSmAnADI kahevAmAM Ave che. A nADI dara vakhate eka ja rahetI nathI - phare che, ane te parathI aneka prakAranuM jJAna thAya che jene svarodaya jJAna kahevAmAM Ave che. A badhuM bIjA paugalika lAbha mATe na karatAM AtmadhyAnanI siddhi arthe karavuM yogya che ane te arthe prANAyAma ucita che. pavanano jaya karavAthI manano jaya thAya che, IdriyavRttino nirodha thAya che. kadarthanA thAya to te upayogI nathI. yogaprAptimAM bAhya bhAvanuM recana karI aMtarbhAvanuM pUraNa karavuM ane nizcita arthamAM kuMbhana karavuM e bhAva prANAyAma che. pa. pratyAhAra - IdriyomAMthI manane kheMcI laI tathA viSayothI virakta thaI dharmadhyAnamAM manane nizcala karavuM e dhyAnanA prathama pagalA tarIke pratyAhAranuM svarUpadarzaka lakSaNa che (yogazAstra 6.6); prazAMtabuddhi AtmA potAnI Idriyo ane manane viSayamAMthI kheMcI potAnI IcchA hoya tyAM dhAraNa kare tene pratyAhAra kahevAmAM Ave che (jJAnArNava 30.1). bhagavAn pataMjalinI vyAkhyA lagabhaga AvA prakAranI che. je IdriyavRtti potAnA viSayanA viyogakALe pote jANe cittavRttine anusare che tene pratyAhAra kahevAmAM Ave che (yogasUtra 2.54). A pratyAhArathI Idriyo sArI rIte vaza thaI jAya che, teno jaya thAya che. viSayAnaMda dUra thAya che, ane mana dhyeya para sthira thAya che. jJAnArNavakAra kahe che ke "IdriyaviSayothI nivRtta thayeluM mane samabhAva pAme che, dhyAnataMtramAM joDAya che ane prANAyAmamAM je svAthya prApta thatuM nathI te atre thAya che ane tethI chevaTe teno AtmAmAM laya thAya che.' vaLI teo kahe che ke "je muni saMsAradehabhogathI virakta hoya, kaSAya jenA maMda thayA hoya, je vizuddhabhAvayukta hoya, vItarAga hoya ane jikiya hoya tevAoe prANAyAma karavo prazaMsAyukta nathI." matalaba te amuka aMze pagalika hovAne lIdhe, zarIrane kaSTa ApanAra hovAne lIdhe upayogI nathI - kadAcita dudhyAna evuM annadhyana karAvanAra thAya che. 6. dhAraNA - dhyeya deza para cittane sthApana karI tyAM ekAgra karavuM tenuM nAma dhAraNA che. e bhagavAn pataMjalinI vyAkhyA che (yogasUtra 3.1). dhAraNAnA dezanA be vibhAga che. bAhya ane atyaMtara. bAhya padArthomAM saguNa IzvaranuM dhyAna kahe che ane adhyetaramAM nAsikA, jillA tathA saptacakronI vyavasthA batAve che. AdhAraka, svAdhiSThAnacaka, karmaNapUra, anAhata cakra, vizuddhicaka, AjJAcaka ane ajarAmaracakranuM svarUpa teo batAvI teno prayoga sagara pAsethI zIkhI levAnI bhalAmaNa kare che. pataMjali jene ajarAmaracakra kahe che tene jeno "siddhazilA' - 'lokAgrathiti' kahe che. hemacaMdrAcArya nAbhi, hRdaya, nAsikAnA agrabhAgo, kapALa, bhRkuTi, tAlu, AMkha, mukha, kAna ane mastaka e dhyAnanI dhAraNAnAM sthAnako gaNAve che. (yogazAstra 6. ). ahIM niyama evo che ke jema dhanuSya prayoga zIkhanAra mANasa prathama sthUla vino lakSya. kare che ane uttarottara sUkSma tarapha vadhato jAya che te pramANe ahIM prathama bAhya viSayamAM mUte padArthane dhyeya karI dhAraNA karavI ane temAM jayAre siddhi thAya tyAre

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jaina yogamArga 215. AgaLa pragati karI aMtaramAM AtmasAkSAtkAra thAya tema judAjudA sthAnakethI tene dhyeya karavo. sAlaMbana dayAnanI prathama jarUra che. e siddha thAya che. upara gaNAvela ATha aMgomAMnAM prathamanAM pAMca aMga maMdAdhikArI mATe che ane chellAM traNa madhyama tathA viziSTa adhikArI mATe che. 7. dhyAna - A yoganuM keMdrasthAna che. A mATe jaina zAstrakAroe atizaya ane khAsa karI lakhela che. dhyAna be prakAranAM che 1. kudhyAna ra. sudhyAna. kudhyAnamAM Arta ane raudra e dhyAnano samAveza thAya che ane tenuM dhyAna dharavAthI jIva saMsAracakramAM bhaTakyA kare che tethI tene mokSapada meLavavAmAM bilakula sthAna nathI chatAM atra dhyAnano viSaya che. tethI tenuM TUMkuM svarUpa joI jaIe. ArtadhyAna - Arti eTale pIDA. mananI pIDA - avyavasthita sthiti thaI jAya che tethI A dhyAna thAya che. tenA 4 bheda che (1) ISTa viyogaja - je priya padArtha nAme mAtapitA, strI-putra-dhanAdino nAza thatAM - viyoga thatAM je manamAM duHkha utpanna thAya ane tethI vilApa thAya te. (2) aniSTa saMyogaja - apriya padArthanA saMyogathI utpanna thayeluM. jemake daridratA, vairIpaNuM, kubhAryA kuputrano yoga thatAM je duHkha thAya ane azubha ciMtavana thAya te. (3) rogaciMtAjanya - zarIramAM roga thavAthI mananI vyathA thAya che. roga vedanIya karmanA udayathI thAya che, chatAM tenI ciMtA karavI te. (4) agra zocaja (bhogAja) - koIpaNa vastunI prApti pahelAM zoca karyA karavo - putra na hoya tethI ciMtA karavI, vyApAradhaMdho navA varasano kevo thaze tenI ciMtA karyA karavI vagere. A sarva ArtadhyAnamAM zaMkA, zoka, bhaya, pramAda, kalaha, cittabhrama, brAMti, unmAda, viyotkaMThA, nidrA, jaDatA, mUccha vagere mohanAM cihno spaSTa rIte thAya che ane tethI prANI tirya yoni - tiryaMcagatino baMdha kare che. A dhyAnanA pariNAma pAMcamA athavA chaThThA guNasthAna sudhI hoya. raudradhyAna - raudra eTale bhayaMkara - zUra -- jethI krUra ane kaThora pariNAma udbhave te dhyAna. krodhI jIvane raudradhyAna thayAM kare che tethI kaThaNa, kamano baMdha thAya che. te cAra prakAranAM che (1) hiMsAnubaMdhI (hiMsAnaMdI) - jIvanI hiMsA karI harSa pAmavo, bIjA hiMsA kare tenI anumodanA karavI, temaja yuddha vageremAM hajAro mANasono nAza thato joI harSa pAmavo te hiMsAnA pariNAmavALuM dhyAna. (2) mRSAnubaMdhI (mRpAnaMdI) - jUThuM bolI harSe pAmavo, te jUThuM chUpAvavAmAM kapaTathI phatteha maLe tethI khuzI thavuM ne jUThAne uttejana ApavuM ema asara . pariNAmavALuM dhyAna. (3) teyAnubaMdhI (cIyanaMdI) - corI ane ThagAIthI hapata thavuM, corI karavAnA pariNAma rAkhavA ne corI karanAra-karAvanArane uttejana ApavuM te. (4) parigraha saMrakSaNAnubaMdhI - saMrakSaNAnaMdI - dhanadhAnyakSetra, vAstu, rUpuM, sonuM, bIjI dhAtu, dAsadAsI ane gAyaghoDA e nava prakAranA parigraha vadhAravA mATe aneka jAtanA pApAraMbha karavAnuM ciMtavana karyA karavuM, te mATe kara pariNAmathI game tevAM pApanAM kAma karavAM, ghaNo parigraha thavAthI ahaMkAra karavo te. caMdra dhyAnathI jIvane ghaNA ja karmanA vipAka bhogavavA paDe che ane

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216 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto naraka gatimAM javAya che. A dhyAnanA pariNAma pAMcamAM guNasthAna sudhI rahe che ane koIkane hiMsAnubaMdhI rodradhyAnanA pariNAma cheThA. guNasthAnake paNa hoya che. have sadhyAna laIzuM. tenA mukhya be prakAra che. dharmadhyAna ane zukladhyAna. dharmadhyAnamAM dharma eTale zubhapariNAmathI vyavahArarUpa kriyA, tenA upAdAnapaNe sAdhanarUpa zrutajJAna ane cAritra che. nizcayathI abheda ratnatrayI sAdhana - samyagdarzana, jJAna ane cAritrarUpa AtmAnuM dhyAna kAraNake vaghusadAvo ghampo - vastusvabhAva e ja dharma che. AtmAnuM nija svarUpa - dharma pAmavA je dhyAna - tanmayatAno upayoga te dharmadhyAna che. temAM sarvAnI AjJA Adi cAra bhAga che te krama sAlaMbana yAnano che. te thayA pachI cittasthiratA thaye nirAlaMbana dhyAna thAya che, kAraNake mUDhAvasthAmAM jayAM sudhI yUla vastuno tyAga thayo nathI tyAM sudhI AtmaciMtana thatuM nathI. lakSyamAMthI alakSya, sAlaMbanamAMthI nirAlaMbamAM praveza karavA mATe dharmadhyAna che. dharmadhyAna cAra prakAranAM che. (1) AjJAvicaya - sarvAnI AjJA sadvahavI, te pramANe vartana karavuM, eTale te AjJAno upayoga hamezAM kArya karatAM rAkhavo te. (2) apAyavicaya - AtmAnA nija svarUpane prakaTa karavAmAM apAya - vidanarUpa thatAM rAgadveSa, kaSAya, ajJAna Ajhava vagere doSane dUra rAkhavAno upayoga rAkhI potAnA nijasvarUpano vicAra karavo te. (3) vipAkavicaya - karmanAM vipAka eTale phala avazya thAya che to te kevI rIte ane zuM thAya che teno upayoga rAkhI zoka ke harSa na karatAM te karmano baMdha, udaya, udIraNA sattA Adino vicAra karavo - tenuM ciMtana karavuM te. (4) saMsthAna vicaya - cauda rajuM pramANa lokanA AkArano vicAra karavo te ane tenI sAthe vicAravAnuM ke pote kaI gatimAM utpanna thayela che, ane potAno samagra loka sAthe zuM saMbaMdha che te. A cAre dhyAna cothA guNasthAnathI te sAtamAM guNasthAna sudhI zukladhyAna - nirAlaMbana dhyAna che. koIpaNa AlaMbana vagara kevaLa. AtmasvarUpathI ta paNe je dhyAna karavuM te zubha dayAna. tenA cAra bheda che. (1) pRtharva savitarka savicAra - jIvathI ajIva, svabhAvathI vibhAva, dravyathI tenA guNapayoya, svadharmathI paradhame - e vagerenuM prathamaNuM karI teno vitarka eTale zrutajJAna vaDe upayogapUrvaka vicAra karavo te. A 8mAthI 11mAM guNasthAnaka sudhI rahI zake che. (2) ekatva avitarka avicAra ekatva vitakovicAra koIpaNa vikalpa ane vicAra vagara AtmAnA guNa nI ekatAnuM dhyAna karavuM te - A baMne prakAramAM utkRSTa zrutajJAna hoya che, ane te chabastha yogIne thAya che. paheluM traNe yogavALAne thAya che, bIjAmAM manoyoga rahelo che. (3) sUkSmakriyA apratipAtI - manavacanakAyAnA sUkSmayoganuM rUMdhana karavuM tathA zailezIkaraNa eTale parvatamAna sthiratA karIne ayogI. thavAmAM nirmaLa acalatArUpa. pariNAma che. bIjuM zudhyAna upara kahyuM tenI chevaTanI. sthitimAM jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIyA ne aMtarAya e cAre ghAtI kamano sarvathA udaya ane sattAmAMthI nAza thAya che ane pachI, kaivalya jJAna - dazena utpanna thAya che - nirAlaMbanapaNuM prApta thAya che. yoga nAmamAtra rahe che - kevalI thAya che. tIrthakara nAmakarma udaya AvyuM hoya te tIrthaMkara potAnA atiyAdi sahita thAya che.

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jaina yogamArga te AyuSya bAkI rahe te vakhate 'kevalIsamuddAta kare che ne te dvArA bAkInAM karmone AyuSkarma samAna sthitimAM lAvI mUke che eTaleke e kaivalIsamuddAta dvArA vadhArAnAM karmo bhogavIne pheMkI de che. samuddAta sAta samayamAM thAya che. prathama samaye daMDa kare che, eTale Urdhva zreNIe ane adhozreNIe lokAntaparyaMta Atmapradezane sIdhA goThave che, bIjA samaye kapATa kare che eTale daMDanI baMne bAjue Atmapradezane goThavIne Urdhva adho ane tiryak dizAe eka pradeze pUrNa cauda rajjUpramANa loka kare che, trIje samaye pratara kare che eTale vacce rahelA AMtarAo AtmapradezathI pUre che ane AvI rIte cothA pradezamAM dareka AkAzapradeza para Atmapradeza caude rAjalokamAM pUrI tenA para karmavargaNAne goThavI tene jhaTako mArI khaMkherI nAkhe che. pamA, 6ThThA, ane 7mA samayamAM tethI UlaTI kriyA karI eTale pratara, kapATa ane daMDane saMkelI nAkhe che. A rIte 7 samayamAM samuddAta karI AtmapradezathI sarva vizeSa karmone dUra kare che. A 'kevalIsamuddhAta' ati 'Azcarya' upajAve tevI hakIkata che. te sayogI kaivalyajJAnI sarvajJane ja thAya che. ahIM kAyayoganI ghaNI sUkSma sthiti hoya che tethI tene sUkSma kriyA apratipAtI dhyAna kahevAmAM Ave che. (4) samucchinna kriyA apratipAtI manavacanakAyAnA traNe yoganuM rUMdhana karI sarva karmakriyAthI rahita jIva thAya te samucchinna kriyA apratipAtI zukladhyAna kahevAya che. badhI kriyAno uccheda thAya che. sayogI guNasthAnaka thayA pachI chello paMcaCsvAkSara a i u R ? - bolAya teTalo kALa bAkI rahe tyAre ayogI nAmanuM 14muM guNasthAna prApta thAya. jIva sarva karmano kSaya thatAM vizuddha mULa sthiti prApta karatAM Urdhvagamana kare che. (A kema thAya te 'mokSatattva'mAM jaNAvela che.) 217 sadhyAnanA bIjI rIte cAra bhAga pADyA che - dhyeyanA bhedathI. (1) padastha temAM paMcaparameSThI - arihaMta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya ane sAdhunA guNanuM stavana dhyAna karavuM. (2) piMDastha zarIramAM rahelA ukta paMca parameSThI rUpa AtmA che ane temAM tenA guNa rahelA che ema dhyAna karavuM te. (3) rUpastha deharUpa 'rUpa' dhAraNa kareluM hoya chatAM AtmA arUpI ane anaMtaguNI che e rIte dhyAna dharavuM te. A traNa dhyAnano dharmadhyAnamAM samAveza thAya che. (4) rUpAtIta - AtmA rUpathI rahita niraMjana nirAkAra sacidAnaMda che e rUpa ekatAthI dhyAna dharavuM te. AmAM karmano kSayopazama bhAva TaLe che. tethI A zukladhyAna che. 8. samAdhi - siddha avasthA prApta thayAM pahelAM caudamA ayogIkevalI guNasthAne ayogI avasthA prApta thAya che ane e zukladhyAnanI ati utkRSTa dazA che tethI ahIM samAdhinI jarUra rahetI nathI. samAdhinI je vyAkhyA pataMjalie ApI che, tevI samAdhi to zukladhyAnanI zarUAtathI ja thAya che. pAtaMjala yoganA dhyAna ane samAdhimAM phera batAvatAM kahe che ke dhyAnamAM dhyeyanuM ane vRttinuM pRthak bhAna hoya che athavA dhyAnamAM dhyeyAkAra vRttino pravAha vicchinna hoya che, jyAre samAdhimAM te avicchinna hoya che. A sthiti to 'ekatvAvicAra zukladhyAna'mAM paNa prApta thAya che. AthI jaina yogakAroe zukladhyAnanA caturthavibhAgamAM dhyAnanI -yoganI utkRSTa avasthA svIkArI che.

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218 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto pratyeka AtmavAda ane mokSasvarUpa pratyeka AtmavAda ane pRthapha AtmavAda pratyeka AtmA svasvarUpe svataMtra svAdhIna che, koI koIno aMza nathI e pratyeka AtmavAda che. dareka zarIre AtmA prathapRthaka (judo judo) che, koI sarvavyApI AtmAno te aMza nathI, paNa pratyeka vyakti che, siddha - muktadazAmAM paNa pratyeka AtmAnuM bhinnatva pRthakyUtha avagAhanArUpe - sthitirUpe spaSTa vyakti ane bhinna rahe che e pRthaka AtmavAda che. e pratyeka AtmavAda athavA pRthak AtmavAda jaina darzanane mAnya che. bhinnabhinna darzanakAro AtmAnA aneka prakAra kahyuM che, tenI utkrAMti ane chevaTanI sthitine aMge judAjudA vicAra batAve che : koI AkhA vizvamAM eka sarvavyApI AtmAne mAnI mAyAthI tenA pRthabhedo thayelA samaje che ane aMtya avasthAmAM jyotino visphaliMga - taNakho judo jaNAyelo te pAcho jyotimAM maLI jAya che, paraMtu pratyeka AtmA judA nathI, judA dekhAtA hatA te mAyAthI lAgatA hatA. (vedAMta); vaLI koI sarvakAryanA kartAhartA Izvarane mAne che (naiyAyika) ane kahe che ke pratyeka jIvanuM kAMI karyuM ke dhAryuM thatuM nathI; A pramANe sukhaduHkha denAra Izvarane kalpI AtmAnI zakti dabAvI de che athavA tenI zaktine nakAmI batAvI IzvarecchAne baLavAnuM banAve che - vagere AtmA saMbaMdhI aneka prakAranI mAnyatA che. te saMbaMdhamAM pratyeka darzanakAro zuM kahe che te saMkSepamAM vicArIe. jaina darzanamAM jinaMdra devatA che ke je rAgadveSathI rahita che, moha mahAmallane haNanAra, kevalajJAna ane kevaladarzanayukta che, teo surAsurathI pUjaya, sabhUta arthanA prakAzaka ane sarvakarmano kSaya karIne paramapada pAmelA che. anAdikALathI jIvane karmamaLano saMbaMdha che ane te saMbaMdha AtmAnA sahaguNa - samyagdarzana, samyajJAna, ane sammacAritra paramapuraSArthathI pragaTAvatAM AtyaMtika tUTe che ane AtmA muktimAM jAya che. AtmA pratyeka zarIre dehapramANa bhinna che, ane sarve karmamaLa dUra karI mokSamAM jAya tyAre paNa tenuM vyaktitva (individuality) suspaSTa ja rahe che. eka vakhata karmamaLa AtyaMtika dUra thayA pachI pharIvAra tene karmamaLa lAgato nathI - eTale mokSamAM gayA pachI cetananuM punaH saMsAramAM avataraNa thatuM nathI. AvI rIte mukta jIvonI sthiti sAdi anaMtakALa sudhI thAya che ane molamAM te saccidAnaMda svarUpe anaMta AtmAnaMda prApta kare che ane temAM ramaNa kare che. AvI rIte AtmAno bhedabheda svIkAranAra yAdvAda zailI je cetanajIvanI utkrAMti batAve che te samajIne vicAravA yogya che ke je AgaLa batAvelI che). AmAM mULa jIva ane ajIva (jaDa) ema be tattva che ane tethI sAta athavA nava tattva thayela che. cetanyasvarUpa te jIva, ane ja! te ajIva. kamaMprakRtine cetana sAthe maLavAno mArga - praNAlikA te Ajhava, teno avarodha karavAnAM kAraNo te saMvara, AtmA sAthe lAgela karmamaLane khaMkherI nAMkhavo te nijA, teno saMyoga thavo te baMdha, ane teno sarvathA kSaya thavo te mokSa. A sAta tattvo sAthe sukhano anubhava karAvanAra te puNyatattva ane tethI viparIta duHkhano.

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pratyeka AtmavAda ane mokSasvarUpa 219 anubhava karAvanAra te pApatattva e bene umeratAM nava tattva thAya che. Izvara jagatyatA nathI. saptabhaMgI ane sAta ... ane tenA upabhedo te A matanI kuMcI che, upaykta jIvatattvamAM pRthvIkAya, akAya, tejaskAya, vAyukAya, vanaspatikAya e pAMce ekeMdriya, dvadriya, trIdriya, caturiMdriya ane paMdriya jIvono samAveza thAya che. jIva ane pudgala (matter)ne gatisahAya ApavAnA svabhAvavALA dravya nAme "dharmAstikAya ane sthiti sahAya ApavAnA svabhAvavALA dravya nAme adharmAstikAya', avakAza ApanAra dravya 'AkAzAstikAya', zabda aMdhakArAdi dravya pudgala ane 'kALa' e pAMcano ajIvatatvamAM samAveza thAya che. viSayakapAyAdimAM manavacanakAyAno vyApAra te Asava, ane dezavirati, mahAvrata, samiti, gupti, yatidharmo vagere saMvaramAM Ave che. bAra prakAranAM tapathI karmanI nirjarA thAya che, karmanA baMdha vakhate tenAM "prakRti' 'sthiti', rasa' ane 'anubhAga" ['prakRti, sthiti, 'rasa (anubhAga), pradeza'] niSNata thAya che ane sarva karmathI rahitapaNAne mokSatattva kahevAmAM Ave che. AtmA (jIva), dharma, adharma, AkAza ane kALa e cha dravya che, temAM kALane aupacArika dravya kahela che. dharma, adharma, AkAza ane kALa eka dravya che, ane pudgala tathA jIva aneka che. pudgala mUrta che, jyAre bAkInA pAMca amUrta che. karma paNa paulika che. eno saMbaMdha tUTatAM cetana Urdhvagati kare che. te siddhadazAmAM Ikiya, zvAsocchuvAsa, mana Adi dravyaprANa" hotA nathI, paNa anaMtajJAna, anaMtadarzana, anaMtavIrya, ane anaMtasukharUpa - anaMta catuSTayarUpa 'bhAvaprANa' hoya che. siddhadazAnuM sukha sAMsArika sukha karatAM taddana judA prakAranuM che, ane te paramAnaMdarUpa che. tenI sthiti anaMtakALa sudhI che. A darzanamAM (1) utpAda (utpatti), (2) vyaya, ane (3) dhruvayukta hoya tene "tuM" kahevAmAM Ave che. e tripadImAM bahu sUkSma rahasya samAyeluM che ane jaina tattvajJAnano emAM samAveza thaI zake che. samyajJAna, samyagdarzana ane samyakjhAritrane mokSamArga mAnavAmAM Ave che. mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya ane manavacanakAyAne vyApAra yogathI karmabaMdha thAya che ane teno jema jema pratibaMdha karavAmAM Ave ane mananA saMkalpavikalpa - adhyavasAyane dUra karavAmAM Ave tema tema navIna kamaMpatti ochI thatI jAya che. AtmA pragati karatAM navIna karma ochAM grahaNa kare, ane pUrvabaddha karmono kAMIka pradA athavA vipAkaudayathI bhoga karI le, tathA kAMIka nirjarAthI kSaya karI nAkhe tyAre chevaTe sarvathA karmano kSaya karatAM te mokSa - ajarAmara paramAnaMda sthAna prApta karI tyAM anaMtakAla susthitapaNe rahe che. cetananuM tyAM paNa vyaktitva spaSTa rahe che. joke guNasAdaya che paNa parama tattvamAM maLI jaI tenI vyakti nAza pAmI jatI nathI e jaina matanA mokSamArganuM rahasya che. (A darzananA siddhAMto e A nibaMdhano viSaya hovAthI tene spaSTa ane vizeSa AkAramAM mUkavAmAM AvyA che.) bauddha kSaNikavAdI che. teo duHkha, samudaya, mArga ane nirodha e cAra Aryasatya mAne che. vijJAna, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra ane rUpa e duHkhanA prakAra che. A saMsArI skaMdha rUpa ja jIva che, tethI anya jIva jevo koI padArtha nathI. rUpa, rasa vagerenuM jJAna te vijJAna, eTale nirvikalpaka jJAna, AlocanA mAtra sAmAnya jJAna Perception thAya.

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto 1 tene vijJAna kahevAmAM Ave che. sukha, duHkha ane aduHkha rUpI vedanA e pUrvakRta karmanA udayathI thAya che. nimittanuM grahaNa karavApaNuM te pratyaya ane tenAthI jAtivyaktino yoga karI savikalpa jJAna thAya te saMjJA puNya-puNyAdi dharmasamudaya te saMskAra, enA prabodhathI pUrve anubhavelA viSayanuM smaraNa vagere thAya che. ane pRthvI dhAtu vagere rUpaskaMdha, A pAMca skaMdha sivAya 'jIva' athavA 'AtmA' evo padArtha koI pramANathI siddha thato nathI. A pAMce kaMdhane kSaNasthAyI samajavA te nitya athavA kAlAMtarAsthAyI nathI. AvI rIte bauddho duHkhatattvanI vyAkhyA kare che. lokamAM 'huM' ane 'mAruM' vagere je akhila gaNa udaya pAme che tene duHkhanuM kAraNa - samudayatattva kahevAmAM Ave che. sarva saMskAra kSaNika che evI vAsanA jemAM baMdhAI che tene dUra karavA rUpe - duHkhanA dUra karavAnA sAdhanane mArga kahevAmAM Ave che ane duHkhano aTakAva tene nirodha kahevAmAM Ave che. A rIte cAra Aryasatya mAnavAmAM Ave che. sarva saMskAranuM kSaNikatva bauddho bahu yuktisara siddha karavA mathana kare che. teo saMskArane nitya mAnavAmAM kevAkevA hetvAbhAso thAya che te saMbaMdhI aneka rIte carcA kare che. sarva saMskAra kSaNika che ema karIne teo ema batAvavA mAge che ke koIpaNa prakAre AtmA ke jIva evo padArtha mAnavo nahi paNa jJAnakSaNano saMtAna ja vyavahAra mATe basa che. kSaNika saMskAra anya kSaNe bIjA tadrupa saMskArane janma Ape che ane AvI kSaNasaMtAnaparaMparAthI ja eka viSayanuM dIrghakALa sudhI jJAna thAya che. A pramANe (1) sautrAMtika nAmanA bauddha saMpradAyano mata che. (2) vaibhASika saMpradAyavALA bAra padArthane mAne che. teo paNa saMskArane to kSaNika ja mAne che. bauddho parama puruSArthanI prApti cAra bhAvanAthI mAne che 1. sarva kSaNika che, 2. sarva duHkha che, 3. sarva svalakSaNa che (ekanA jevuM anya nathI, pote potAnA jevuM ja che), ane 4. sarva zUnya che. A cAra bhAvanAthI sakala vAsanAonI nivRtti thatAM zUnya rUpa parinirvANano AvibhaoNva nirvANa - mukti thAya che. bauddhanI judIjudI zAkhAomAM matabheda hovA chatAM AtmAnuM kSaNikatva to sarvamAM sAmAnya che ane sarva ema mAne che ke rAgAdinA, jJAnasaMtAnanA, ane vAsanAnA ucchedathI mukti maLe che. (A darzananuM vistIrNa varNana A nibaMdhamAM anya sthale ApavAmAM AvyuM che.) naiyAyika (annapAda) darzanavALA gautamanA anuyAyI kahevAya che. ahIM potAnI aciMtya zaktinA mAhAtmyathI mahezvara sRSTi karanAra ane teno saMhAra karanAra gaNAya che. ane duHkhanA atyaMta ucchedarUpa niHzreyasa tattvajJAnathI utpanna thAya che evI tenI mAnyatA che. kahevAnuM tAtparya ema nathI ke tattvajJAna thatAM ja niHzreyaprApti thAya che paNa vAta ema che ke tattvajJAnathI duHkha, janma, pravRtti, dopa ane mithyAjJAnano nAza thAya che emAM prathama chellAno ane tyArapachI uttarottara tenI AgaLanAno nAza thAya che. mithyAjJAna eTale deAihida anAtma vastumAM Atmabuddhi. A dehiMdamAM rahelI AtmabudghinA potAnA anukULa padArtho upara rAga ane pratikULa padArtha upara dveSa tathA 1. juo padarzana samuccaya' zloka 6 paranI TIkA, ane sarvadarzanasaMgraha'no bauprakaraNa vibhAga. 220

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pratyeka AtmavAda ane mokSasvarUpa 221 moha e doSo che. rAgAdi doSa paraspara anubaMdhI hovAthI mohane pAmelo prANI, rAyukta thAya che. ane rAgI moha pAme che; vastutaH AtmAne anukULa-pratikULa kaMI nathI. A doSothI prerita prANI pratiSiddha AcaraNo karI pApapravRtti kare che ane adharmane lAve che athavA dAna, rakSaNa, satyAdi AcaraNa karI puNyapravRtti dvArA dharmane lAve che. A ubhayarUpa pravRtti prazasta-aprazasta janma utpanna kare che ane tyAM zarIrAdi dvArA pratikULa vedanIyatAvALuM vAsanAtmaka duHkha utpanna thAya che. mithyAjJAnathI duHkha sudhInA doSo avicchinna pravRttivALA che ane te ja saMsAra che, ane te ghaTIcakranI peThe niravadhi anuvartana kare che. koI sadupadeza dvArA jyAre prANIne jaNAya che ke A sarva heya che tyAre tene nirvahana karanAra avidyAdi nivRtti karavA te icche che. tenI nivRttino upAya tattvajJAna che. cAra vidyAmAM vibhakta prameyanI bhAvanA karanAra te tattvajJAna jene samyagdarzana kahe che, pratyakSAdi cAra pramANo dvArA prameyonuM jJAna te tattvajJAna jene samyajJAna kahe che] tenAthI mithyAjJAnano nAza thAya che, eno nAza thatAM doSono nAza thAya che, tethI pravRttino nAza, tethI janmano nAza, tethI AtyaMtikI. duHkhanivRtti thAya che. A AtyaMtikI duHkhanivRtti te apavarga. A darzana soLa tattva mAne che. vaizeSika (kaNAda) ane naiyAyika vacce tattvasaMbaMdhI matabheda che, tathApi anyonya tattvAdhaMtarbhAva thaI zakavAne lIdhe bahu thoDo ja aMtara rahe che. tethI ubhayanA mata tulya che. A darzanamAM du:khanI nivRttine ja mokSa mAnavAmAM Ave che. akhaMDajJAna ane sukhanI prAptino svIkAra karavAmAM Avato nathI. jagatu dvArA anumAnathI IzvaranuM astitva siddha karavAno prayAsa karavAmAM Ave che ane mokSaprApti mATe IzvaraprasAdane Avazyaka mAnavAmAM Ave che. AmAM paramANune kAraNa mAnavAmAM Ave che. dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa ane samavAya e che ane keTalAka abhAva meLavI sAta padArtha mAne che. pRthvI, apu, teja, vAyu, aMtarikSa, kAla, digU, AtmA ane mana ema nava prakAranAM dravya mAne che. guNa 24 prakAranA che. sAmAnya, vizeSa ane samavAyanuM laMbANathI vivecana AnA graMthomAM dekhAya che. sAmAnya eTale jAti. vizeSa eTale ekasarakhA dravyane anya dravyamAMthI juduM spaSTapaNe pADI Ape che te. karma kriyArUpa che, ane dravyamAM aMtyavizeSa saMbaMdha batAvanAra AdhAra AdheyabhUta saMbaMdhanA pratyayanA hetune samavAya kahevAmAM Ave che. paTanA taMtumAM paTa che evA pratyAyanA heturUpa asAdhAraNa kAraNane samavAya kahevAmAM Ave che. abhAva 4 prakAranA gaNela che - 1. prabhAva eTale prathamano abhAva 2. pradhvasAbhAva eTale nAza, 3. atyaMtabhAva eTale sarvathA vinAza ane 4. anyonyAbhAva arasaparasane apekSita che. duHkhanI AtyaMtika nivRttine mokSa mAnavAmAM Ave che. vizeSika darzanamAM saMyoga guNa che ane samavAyane alaga padArtha mAnyo che. je be padArtho evA hoya ke chUTA paDatAM ekano nAza thAya tevA padArtho vacce samavAya saMbaMdha hoya che. jemake dravya ane guNa vacce samavAya saMbaMdha che. guNa samavAya saMbaMdhathI 1. jainonuM samyagdarzana AnAthI taddana pRthaka che.

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto dravyamAM rahe che, kriyA samavAya saMbaMdhathI dravyamAM rahe che, jAti samavAya saMbaMdhathI dravyAdimAM rahe che; jyAre hAthamAM lAkaDI pakaDI hoya to temano saMyoga saMbaMdha che. banne judA hatA ane judA rahI zake. prAgabhAva - ghaTAdi utpanna thayA te pahelAM teno abhAva je anAdi ane sAMta che. pradhvaMsAbhAva-ghaTAdi nAza thayA pachI temano abhAva je sAdi ane anaMta che. atyaMtAbhAva - jalamAM gaMdha nathI athavA zazivapANa jevo padArtha nathI te prakArano abhAva. anyonyAbhAva 222 ghaTa paTathI bhinna che. ekamAM bIjAno abhAva che. sAMkhya (kapila) matAvalaMbIo keTalAka nirIzvaravAdane mAne che ane keTalAka Izvarane mAne che. tattvavyavasthA baMnenI samAna che. duHkha traNa prakAranAM che H AdhyAtmika, Adhidaivika ane Adhibhautika, AdhyAtmika duHkha be prakAranuM che H zArIra ane mAnasa. vAta-pitta-kaphanA vaiSamyane lIdhe AtmA eTale dehamAM jvara atisArAdi thAya te zArIrika duHkha, ane kAma krodha lobha moha IrSyA e AdithI thAya te mAnasika duHkha, A badhuM AMta2 upAyathI sAdhya hovAne lIdhe AdhyAtmika duHkha kahevAya che. bAhya upAyathI sAdhya duHkha be prakAranAM che H yakSa, rAkSasa, grahAdinA AvezathI thayeluM duHkha te Adhidaivika, ane manuSya, pazu, pakSI, mRga, sarpa vagerethI thayeluM te Adhibhautika A trividha duHkhane TALavA tattvajijJAsA udbhave che. A darzana pacIza tattvane mAne che temAM be mukhya tattva nAme prakRti (athavA pradhAna) ane puruSa che. pradhAna 24 tattvarUpa che. (1) prakRti, temAMthI utpanna thatI (2) buddhi (ke jene mahAn kahe che), (3) temAMthI ahaMkAra, ane temAMthI utpanna thato soLano samUha nAme ((4-8) sparzana, rasana, ghrANa, cakSu zrotra e pAMca buddhIndriya, (9-13) vAyu, upastha, vAkU, pANi, ane pAda e pAMca karmetriya, (14) mana, ane (15-19) sparza, gaMdha, rasa, rUpa ane zabda e pAMca tanmAtra) ane te pAMca tanmAtrathI udbhavatAM (20-24) vAyu, pRthvI, jala, teja, ane AkAza A 24 tattva che. AmAM puruSatattva umeratAM 25 tattva thAya che. A rIte ekabIjAmAMthI utpanna thatuM batAvI sAMkhya potAno sRSTikrama batAve che. sattva, rajas ane tamanI samAvasthAne prakRti athavA pradhAna kahevAmAM Ave che. puruSa avyakta, nitya, kUTastha (je kadApi vikAra na pAme tevo), avikRta anavayava che. ane te 24 tattvathI anya, akattAM, viguNa (sattva rajas tamam e guNathI rahita), ane bhoktA (lakSaNAthI) che. AmAM prakRti koIno vikAra nathI; buddhi, ahaMkAra ane pAMca jJAnendriya e prakRtivikRti che eTale te paranAM kAraNa hovAthI prakRti che ane jAte kAryarUpa hovAthI vikRti paNa che; bAkInAM soLano samUha vikRti che; jyAre puruSa prakRti nathI ke vikRti nathI. tanmAtrAmAM paMcabhUta laya pAme che, tanmAtrA mahatmAM ane mahat prakRtimAM tanmAtra ahaMkAramAM ane ahaMkAra mahatmAM laya pAme che, jyAre prakRti kazAmAM laya pAmI zakatI nathI. AtmA puruSa to akatAM ja che kAraNake viSaya sukhAdika arthAt tenAM kAraNa puNyapApadi karato nathI. eka tRNa paNa vALI zakavAne AtmAmAM zakti nathI, paNa kartApaNAno dharma prakRtimAM che. te puruSa lakSaNAthI bhoktA na

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pratyeka AtmavAda ane mokSasvarUpa kahI zakAya kAraNake prakRtinA vikArarUpa buddhi ubhayamukha darpaNa jevI che. temAM sukhaduHkhAdinuM je pratibiMba paDe te svaccha AtmAmAM sphure ane tethI tene bhoktA lakSaNothI kahI zakAya. te to mAtra prakRtino sAkSI che tathApi jema sphaTikanI pAchaLa game te raMganI vastu mUkI hoya to teno varNa tadrupa dekhAya che te prakAre puruSanuM svarUpa bahArathI bhinna thatuM hoya ane tatpramANamAM tenAM sukhaduHkhanuM bhoktApaNuM puruSane AropAya e paNa ThIka che. eTale puruSanuM lakSaNa caitanya eTaluM ja che, jJAna nahi. kemake teo jJAnane buddhino dharma gaNe che. AtmA je kevaLa che te buddhithI vyatirikta che paNa sukhaduHkhahiMda bhAva iMdriya dvArA buddhimAM saMkrAMta thAya che ane upara jaNAvyuM tema buddhine ubhayamukha darpaNa jevI mAnelI eTale tenAmAM caitanyazakti pratibiMba pAme che ane tethI 'huM sukhI' 'huM duHkhI' ema puruSamAM sukhaduHkhanI lakSaNA AropAya che. janma-maraNAdino saMbhava AtmAne ghaTI zake mATe tene aneka mAne che. puruSa ane prakRti ubhaya sarvagata che - nitya che, arasaparasa saMyukta che. temanA saMbaMdha jagatmAM pAMgaLA ane AMdhaLAnA saMbaMdha jevo che. puruSa prakRtino Azraya karI buddhimAM pratibiMbita zabdAdinuM potAnAmAM pratibiMba paDatAM temAM AnaMda mAne che ane prakRtine AvI rIte sukharUpa mAnI saMsAramAM paDyo rahe che. A puruSa ane prakRti vacce bheda zuM che te samajAtAM vivekajJAna thAya che ane tethI puruSano prakRtithI viyoga thAya che e mokSa samajavo. prakRtino viveka samajAtAM prakRti TaLI jAya che ane puruSa svarUpe rahe che. baMdhanA chedathI mokSa thAya che - e baMdha traNa prakAranA che H 1. prakRtine AtmA jANI tenI upAsanA karavI te ja prAkRtika baMdha, 2. bhUta, iMdriya, ahaMkAra, buddhi e vikArane AtmA jANI upAsanA karavI te vaikArika baMdha, ane 3. yAgAdi karmane puruSabuddhithI sevavAM te dAkSiNa baMdha. A baMdhane lIdhe marelAMne paNa pAchI saMsAprApti thAya che. sAMkhyamatamAM puruSane saMsAra nathI, mokSa nathI ane baMdha paNa nathI, - te sarva prakRtine ja che ane prakRtino puruSa sAthe saMbaMdha gaNavAmAM Ave te avivekane lIdhe ja che. puruSa to kUTastha (avikRta), nitya ane apariNAmI che. sAMkhyamata prAyaH nirIzvaravAdane svIkAre che. jaganA kAraNamAM triguNAtmaka pradhAna (prakRti)ne mAne che ane sRSTinI vyavasthA tenAthI mAne che; tema ja acetana prakRti puruSanA (AtmAnA) mokSane arthe pravarte che, tenA dRSTAMtamAM ema batAve che ke jema acetana dUdha vatsanI vRddhi mATe thaI zake che te pramANe acetana prakRti (pradhAna) puruSanA mokSa mATe thaI zake che. paramezvara karNAe karIne pravartaka che' e vAdane sAMkhyo aneka hetuo ApI 26 kare che. yogadarzana - sAMkhya matanA eka bheda athavA vibhAga jevo pataMjalino mata che. te pAtaMjala darzanane sezvara sAMkhyadarzana paNa kahI zakAya. A matamAM upara jaNAvela sAMkhyanAM pacIza tattva uparAMta Izvarane chavIsamuM tattva mAnavAmAM Ave che. paramezvarano anugraha saMsArAMgArathI tapta thayelA prANI para thAya che. puruSane taddana zuddha mAnavAmAM Ave che, paNa buddhikRta pratItine anusare che ane AvI rIte jonAra AtmA tadAtmaka jaNAya che. saMsArathI Ama tama puruSa lAMbA vakhata sudhI aSTAMgayoga sAdhe che ane paramezvaranuM praNidhAna kare che tyAre tene sattva ane puruSanI anyatA zuddharUpe jaNAya 223

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224 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto che. te vakhate avidhAdi pAMca kleza, tathA sArAnaThArA kamozaya samULa naSTa pAme che. A pachI nilepa puruSanuM pUrNa mukta rUpe karIne avasthAne te tenuM kaivalya che. A darzana sezvara sAMkhyamata gaNAya che, chatAM temAM paNa IzvaranuM kArya lagabhaga nahivat che. AmAM yoganAM 8 aMga batAvyAM che : yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna, ane samAdhi. puruSane niHsaMga mAnavAmAM Ave che. pramANa, viparyaya, vikalpa, nidrA, ane smRtirUpa vRttio ke jenuM bIjuM nAma aMtaHkaraNa ApavAmAM AvyuM che tene cittanA dharma tarIke svIkAre che. teno (cittavRttino) nirodha karavo te yoga che. puruSanuM nirmaLa sattva sadA sthita rahe che. je-je padArtho upara te anurakta thAya che te te dazya padArthanI tenA upara chAyA paDe che, chatAM svataH te niHsaMga rahe che - matalaba ke te apariNAmI che jyAre cituzakti acit ke cittazakti) pariNAmI che. cittanI asthiratA svAbhAvika hoya che athavA vyAdhi Adi janya hoya che, te kSiptAvasthA tyAjya gaNela che; ekAgra ane niruddha avasthA upAdeya gaNelI che. ekAgra avasthAmAM eka vastumAM ekatAna thAya che ane je avasthAmAM sarvavRttiono nirodha thaI saMskArazeSa rahe che tene niruddhAvasthA kahevAmAM Ave che. samAdhinA be prakAra che : saMprajJAta ane asaMprajJAta. ekAgra cittamAM bAhya viSayavALI pramANAdi vRttionA nirodhane prathama saMprajJAta samAdhi kahevAmAM Ave che. e saMprajJAta samAdhinA vaLI savicAra, avicAra, sAnaMda ane sAsmita evA 4 prakAra che. bhAvya padArthamAM cittanuM pharIpharIne nivezana karavuM ane anya sarvano parihAra karavo enuM nAma bhAvanA athavA samAdhi che. sarva vRttionA nirodhane asaMprajJAta samAdhi kahevAmAM Ave che. kleza, karmavipAka, ane Azayano jemAM aTakAva thAya evA cittavRttinA nirodhane yoga kahevAmAM Ave che. kleza pAMca prakAranA che : 1. anitya, azuci, duHkha ane anAtmamAM anukrame niyatva, zucitva, sukha ane AtmatvanI pratIti karavI e prathama avidyA kleza che, 2. daku ane darzanazaktinA ekAtmatvanuM abhimAna te asmitA, 3. sukhane jANanAranI sukhanA smaraNapUrvaka sukhanAM sAdhanomAM tRSNApUrvaka icchA te rAgakleza, 4. duHkhane jANanAranI duHkhanA smaraNapUrvaka duHkhanAM sAdhanomAM niMdAbuddhi te dveSakleza, ane 5. zarIra ane viSayono mane viyoga na thAya to sAruM e prakArano nimittavagara pravartanAro bhAyakaleza. A pa prakAranA kleza saMsAramAM pravRtti karAve che. ane sAMsArika duHkhanA hetu thaIne puruSane pIDe che. vRttino nirodha abhyAsa ane vairAgyathI thAya che. enAM sAdhanomAM prathama kriyAyoganI jarUra yogadarzana batAve che. tapa, svAdhyAya, ane IzvarapraNidhAnane kriyAyoga kahevAmAM Ave che. phaLanI icchA rAkhyA vagara A kriyAyoga karavAnI AjJA che. pachI yoganAM uparyukta 8 aMga varNave che. temAMnAM yamaniyamAdi prathama pAMca aMga madhyama adhikArI mATe che. e AThe aMganA yoganuM AdarathI niraMtara ane dIrghakALa sudhI anuSThAna karavAthI samAdhi virodhI klezano kSaya thatAM abhyAsa ane vairAgye karI madhumatI Adi samAdhinI prApti thAya che. - e madhumatI samAdhi e RtaMbharA prajJAnI siddhi che. AvI siddhiothI amuka satya jJAnAdi prApta thAya che. enA pratyeka biMdumAM rasa hoya che tethI tene madhupratIka

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pratyeka AtmavAda ane mokSasvarUpa 225 kahevAmAM Ave che. pachI vivekajJAna thAya che temAM sarvabhAvane zAMta, udita ke apadiya gaNavAmAM Ave che. sarvavRttino asta thatAM parama vairAgyano Azraya karanAra klezano nirodha karavAne samartha evI nirbIja saMskArazeSatAne asaMprajJAta samAdhi kahevAmAM Ave che. mananA lakSya sAthe klezanA bIjano paNa laya thaI jAya che, vivekajJAnanA paripAkane lIdhe kAryakAraNAtmaka sarva vastuno pradhAnamAM laya thAya che ane buddhi ane sattAnA saMbaMdhathI rahita thaI kevalyane pAme che. A pAtaMjala yogadarzanano mokSa che. mImAMsaka - A darzanamAM be moTA vibhAga che : yajJa vagere karanArane pUrvamImAMsAvAdI kahevAmAM Ave che. teo kukarma varje che, yajanAdi SaTkarma kare che, brahmasUtra dhAraNa kare che, gRhasthAvAsamAM vase che, ane zUdra annAdi varje che. bIjo uttaramImAMsAvAdI che tene vedAMtI paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. ['vedAMtI" zabdathI zAMkaravedAMtI samajavA. bIjA paNa vedAMtasaMpradAya che jemAM mukti avasthAmAM paNa jIva brahmathI alaga vyaktitva dharAve che. te dvaita brahmane mAne che, sarva zarIramAM AtmA eka che, brahma sarvatra che ane bheda dekhAya che te mAyAthI thAya che, paNa vastutaH bheda nathI ema teono mata che. brahmamAM laya thaI javo ene teo mukti mAne che, ane e sivAya anya mukti - mokSa kaMI nathI ema temano mata che. prathama, pUrvamImAMsAvAdI (jeminIya) laIe. teo vedavAkyane pramANa gaNe che, gura paNa tene ja gaNe che ane svayaM saMnyasta grahaNa kare che. manuSya sarvajJa thaI zake e vAtano teo svIkAra karatA nathI. sRSTikartA athavA sarvadarzI ke vItarAga evA sarvajJa koI manuSyathI hovAnuM banavuM taddana asaMbhavita che ema temanuM mAnavuM che. AvA papanA abhAve tenuM pramANa thaI zake evuM to bane ja zI rIte ? idrajALathI paNa duniyAmAM aneka prakAranA ADaMbara thaI zake che, paraMtu ADaMbaranA kAraNathI amuka prANIne Izvara mAnavo e A mata pramANe eka dharatA che. abhyAsathI zuddhinuM tAratamya thAya paNa buddhino parama prakarSa thAya e taddana asaMbhavita hakIkata che. vedavAkya nitya ane aparapeya che ema teonI mAnyatA hovAthI temAM teo yathArthatvanI saMbhAvanA kare che. vedavAkyano pATha karavAthI dharmajijJAsA thAya che. dharmasAdhana zodhatAM tenAM nimitto kayAM kayAM che teno vicAra thAya che. ahIM kriyA pratye pravartaka vacanane nodanA kahevAmAM Ave che ane te rUpa dharma mAnavAmAM Ave che. matalaba ke vedavacanakRta nodanAthI dharma jaNAya che je atIndriya hovAthI tene jANavAnuM sAdhana ja nodanA che. A matanAM sUtro jaiminIe racyAM che. vedane teo svataHpramANa kahe che. vedanuM apauyitva ane zabdanA nityatvane AdhAre siddha karavAmAM Ave che. vedanI aMdara AvelAM kamaeNkAMDanAM judAM judAM vAkyonI pUvopara saMgati jaNAvavI e A darzananuM mukhya prayojana che. uttaramImAMsA - AmAM zAMkaravedAMtadarzanano samAveza thAya che. e pUrvamImAMsAnI apekSAe nUtana darzana che. neti neti e sUtra para, temaja "ahaM brahmAsmi', 'ekaDAM bahusyAm' e sUtro para A darzanano mukhya AdhAra che. sarva jagane brahmamaya mAne

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226 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto che, padArthanuM anya rUpa mAyAkRta che ema kahe che, mAyAthI brahmasvarUpa spaSTa jaNAtuM nathI ema gaNe che, AtmAnuM pUrNa brahmatva pragaTa karI parabrahmamAM teno laya karI devo e tenI mukti samajavAmAM Ave che. AtmAnI mukti thayA pachI Agano taNakho AgamAM samAI jAya tema tenuM vyaktitva (individuality) rahetuM nathI e A darzanano siddhAMta che. e advaitavAda e nAmathI prasiddha che. [uttaramImAMsA ke vedAMtadarzanano mULa graMtha te bAdarAyaNAcAryakata brahmasUtra; jemAM jaimininA vedAMtaviSayaka matano ullekha che. jaimininA pUrvamImAMsAsUtra para pUrvamImAMsAdarzananI imArata caNAI che, ane bAdarAyaNanA uttaramImAMsA sUtra ke brahmasUtra para uttaramImAMsA ke vedAMtanI ema sAmAnyataH svIkArya banyuM che. A advaitavAda te zaMkarAcAryano kevalAdvaitavAda. A uparAMta, bhAskarAcArya, rAmAnujAcArya, nimbArkAcArya, vallabhAcArya jevA AcAryonA advaitavAda che je AnAthI judo mata dharAve che.] cArvAka athavA lokAyatamatavALAne bArhaspatya evuM nAma paNa ApavAmAM Ave che. A matavALA nAstika che. pRthvI, apa, teja ane vAyu e cAra bhUtAtmaka jagatuM. mAne che. A cAra athavA koInA mata pramANe AkAza umerI paMcabhUtanA saMyogathI svAbhAvika rIte caitanyazakti utpanna thAya che. zarIrathI caitanyazaktine bhinna mAnatA nathI. teo kahe che ke jIva nathI, nivRtti-mokSa nathI, dharma nathI, adharma nathI, puNyapApanuM phaLa nathI, mAtA vagere agamya prati paNa gamana kare che, varasamAM eka divasa sarva cAvako ekaThA thaI game te strI sAthe vyavahAra kare che. pratyakSa pramANane ja mAne che ane A zarIre bhogavAya teTaluM sukha bhogavI levAnI bhalAmaNa kare che. Idriyagocara jagane ja mAne che, paraloka ke mokSa pratyakSa na hovAthI tenI, hayAtI ja svIkAratA nathI. teo mAne che ke askRSTa anAsvAdita anAghAta adaSTa ane amRta evA jIvAdikano Adara karI je loko svarga apavagadi sukhanI lipsAthI chetarAI zirovedanA, muMDana tapazcaraNa vagere karI janma vyartha kare che te mahAmohamAM bhame che, agnihotrAdi karma to mAtra bAlakrIDA che, e buddhi ane puruSatva vagaranA lokonI AjIvikA che. teo kahe che ke svarga paNa nathI, mokSa paNa nathI, paralokagAmI AtmA paNa nathI. jivAya tyAM sudhI jIvavuM, viSayasukha bhogavavuM, deha bhasma thaI jaze te pAcho AvanAra nathI. anumAnAdi pramANathI jeo svarga - mokSa mAne che. tenI A matavALA makarI kare che. kyAbhaphTa, pethApeyano vicAra karyA vagara je maLe te khAvuM-pIvuM ane AnaMda karavo e A matano siddhAMta che. judA judA darzana kAroe batAvelA vidhiniSedha mAtra AjivikA nimitte ja che ema kahI yauvana-dhana-saMpatti ane muvamAM maLyAM hoya, teno yatheccha svacchaMdapaNe bhogavilAsa karavAnuM A matavALA kahe che. dharmane ane kAmane teo eka ja gaNe che. vaLI teo dalIla kare che ke jyotihomamAM mArela pazu jo svargamAM jatuM hoya to yajamAna potAnA pitAne zA mATe mArato nathI ? A lokamAM dAna karavAthI svargamAM rahelAo jo tRpta thatA hoya to mahelanI agAzI upara rahelAne

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pratyeka AmavAda ane mokSasvarUpa 227 nIce jamIna uparathI kema ApI zakAtuM nathI ? A dehamAMthI nIkaLelo koIpaNa jIva jo svargamAM jato hoya to rAgAMvahAlAMnA snehathI pIDAI ekapaNa jIva pAcho kema Avato, nathI ? mATe marelAnI prakriyA vagere kAryo brAhmaNoe peTa bharavA mATe karyo che. deha yatirikta AtmA na hovAthI A matavALA dehasukhane ja puruSArtha mAne che. A matane koI darzanamAM gaNavo ke nahi te vicAravA yogya prazna che. |cArvAka ke lokAyata darzananA mULa graMtha paNa prApta thatA nathI. A darzananuM je kaMIka jJAna maLe che te anya darzananA graMthomAM pUrvapakSI tarIke cArvAkano ullekha che temAMthI che. bAkI arthazAstra, dharmazAstranA graMthomAM rAjakumAranA abhyAsakramamAM lokAyatano samAveza AdarapUrvaka karyo che, jethI e spaSTa che ke lokayatiko rAjyamAM ane samAjamAM Law and order, surakSita vyavasthAnA AgrahI hatA ja. vaLI 'paddanasamuccaya', 'sarvadarzanasaMgraha' jevA graMthomAM lokAyata darzanane darzananuM gauravapUrNa dhyAna ApyuM ja che, je bhAratIya dArzanikonI udAttatA ane taTasthatA batAve che. lokAyatikomAM eka tattvopaztavavAdI saMpradAya paNa hato je koI pramANane svIkAravA taiyAra na hato, ke scepticism prakArano vicAra dharAvato hato. vaLI teomAM tAMtriko paNa haze je eka divase maLIne tAMtrika kriyAo karatA haze je pAzupato Adi paNa karatA. A pramANe AtmA saMbaMdhanA tathA muktisaMbaMdhInAM judAM judAM AryadarzanonA mata - abhiprAya ApaNe joI gayA. AryAvartana dharmonA mukhya be bheda pADI zakAya : 1. vaidika ane 2. avaidika, vaidika eTale vedanuM prAmANya svIkAranAra ane avaidika eTale vedanuM prAmANya nahi svIkAranAra. A bIjA mukhya bhAgamAM jaina, bauddha ane cAvono samAveza thAya che. jyAre prathama mukhya bhAganA be mukhya vibhAga paDe che : (1) dAnadharmo ane (2) purANadharmo. darzanadhamonA cha bhAga che : naiyAyika, vaizeSika, nAMkhya, yoga, pUrvamImAMsA ane uttaramImAMsA. prophesara meksamUlare 'padarzana' (Six Schools of Indian Philosophy) e nAmanA pustakamAM A cha darzananuM svarUpa batAvavA prayatna karyo che. ApaNe upara joyuM temAM paNa TUMkamAM sarvanuM svarUpa apAyuM che. jayAre purAdhamomAM mukhya zaiva, vaiSNava, zAkta ane pracUrNa e cAra che. zaiva saMpradAyamAM pAzupata, zaiva, prabhiAraNA ane rasezvara e cAra zAkhAsaMpradAya che; vaiSNava saMpradAyamAM zrI saMpradAya ane mAdhvI saMpradAya evA be vibhAga che. e uparAMta sanakAdi saMpradAya paNa vaiSNava matamAM cAle che. zAkta saMpradAyamAM zaktinI upAsanA thAya che. - enA dakSiNa ane vAmamArga ema be saMpradAya che ke jemAM dharma ane 1. haribhadrasUri potAnA paDadazenasamuccaya' nAmanA graMthamAM pa dazenanAM nAmomAM bauddha, niyAyika, sAMkhya, jaina, vaizeSika ane jaiminIya gaNAve che. jaiminIye darzanamAM pUrvamImAMsAnuM svarUpa ja teo batAve che. vedAMta athavA uttaramImAMsAnA saMbaMdhamAM te paranI guNaratnasUrikRta TIkAmAM sahaja sUcanA mAtra ja che. AthI zAMkara matano pracAra haribhadrasUrinA vakhatamAM bahu saMbhavato nathI. to paNa te sAdhAraNa rIte pravatato hovAthI tenA saMbaMdhe tenA 'zAstravAto samuccaya' nAmanA mahAnuM dArzanika graMthamAM vistArathI kahyAM che.

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto upAsanAne nAme aneka durAcAra paNa cAle che. pracUrNasaMpradAyamAM gANapatya, saurapatya vagere Ave che. e sarva vibhAga 'sarvadarzana saMgraha' graMthamAM mAdhavAcArye pADelA che; to jijJAsu abhyAsIe te jovuM. (ahIM jaina ane bauddha e be darzananA siddhAMto sAthe vaidika dharmanA siddhAMtonI tulanA hovAthI te be darzana ane vaidika dharmanI TUMka rUparekhA ahIM Avazyaka gaNela che.) [vaiSNava - bhAgavato-pAMcarAtra, rAmAnuja, madhya, nimbArka, vallabha, caitanya. zaiva pAzupata, zaivasiddhAnta, vIrazaiva, pratyabhijJA, zAktatantra (kauladarzana), kAlAmukha, kApAlika, rasezvara. 228 AvI rIte darzanakAro AtmAnI utkrAMti judIjudI rIte batAve che te atra zrI hirabhadrasUrikRta 'Sagdarzana samuccaya' graMtha ke jenA para guNaratnasUrikRta suMdara TIkA che te ane mAdhavAcAryakRta 'sarvadarzanasaMgraha' nAmanA graMthanA gujarAtI bhASAMtara anusAra saMkSepamAM lakhela che. (A ativistIrNa viSaya TUMkamAM samajAvavo e ati kaThina kArya che. tethI tenA khAsa abhyAsIne bahu sUkSma dRSTi rAkhI samajI zakAya tema che, ane ahIM TUMkamAM ApatAM ghaNI muzkelI naDI che.) A parathI samajAze ke AtmAne aMge AvA AvA matabheda che. bauddho kSaNikavAdI che. [uttara] mImAMsako teno Izvara sAthe abheda mAne che, sAMkhyo tenuM vartamAnarUpa prAkRtika che ema kahe che, cArvAko tenuM astitva ja svIkAratA nathI, temaja naiyAyika, vaizeSika, sRSTikartA ane saMhArakartA zivane mAne che temaja purANa dharmo AtmAne aMge judIjudI vAta kare che. e sarvamAM AtmAnuM vyaktitva chevaTe rahetuM nathI. karela zubha karmonuM phaLa athavA karmano nAza thavA pachInuM phaLa ajarAmara sthitinI prApti na hoya te jainadarzanane saMmata nathI.` tene pratyeka AtmavAda, ke jemAM AtmAnuM nityAnitya svarUpa batAvI AtmAne ja vyavahArathI karmano kAM, hA~ mAnyo che ane karmano nAza thavAthI AtmAnI mukti mAnI che tathA jemAM mukta AtmAnI AtmA tarIkenI vyaktatA nAza pAmatI nathI e jainane saMmata che, ane te naya, nikSepa, saptabhaMgI AdithI jainadarzane yuktipuraHsara puravAra karavA prayatna karyo che. te ema kahe che ke jo AtmAnuM vyaktitva rahetuM ja na hoya to pachI sarva kriyAo karI tene prakRti - karma AdithI mukAvavAnI jarUra zuM che ? zA mATe karavuM ? kone mATe karavuM ? je karaNInuM phaLa AtmAnA anyamAM laya thavAmAM Ave te karaNI nakAmI che, upayoga vagaranI che, zaktino nakAmo vyaya batAvanAra che. na mokSasvarUpa AnA saMbaMdhe dareka matanuM mAnavuM zuM che te ApaNe joI gayA, chatAM spaSTatAthI upasaMhArarUpe joIe to jaina darzanamAM zarIra, iMdriya, AyuSya, zvAsocchvAsa, manoyoga, vacanayoga AdibAhyaprANa, puNya, apuNya, varNa, gaMdha, rasa, 1. AtmAnuM svataMtra vyaktitva rahetuM nathI ema kevaLa zAMkaravedAMtI mAne che. bIjA vedAMtIomAM bhAskarAcArya mukti avasthAmAM jIvAtmAno brahmathI abheda mAne che, jyAre bIjA vedAMta saMpradAyo muktimAM paNa jIvAtmA brahmathI alaga tenA jevA guNo dharAvato, teno dAsa ke sakhA banIne rahe che ema mAne che. nyAya - vaizeSika mukti avasthAmAM jIvAtmAmAM jJAnAdi guNa nathI hotA ema mAne che. sAMkhyayoga mukti avasthAmAM puruSa potAnA svarUpabhUta vit tarIke rahe che ema mAne che. --

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pratyeka AtmavAda ane mokSasvarUpa sparza, punarjanmagrahaNa, puruSa-strI-napuMsaka e traNa veda, ajJAna, kaSAyAdi saMga, Adi sahita - dehAdinA AtyaMtika viyogane mokSa kahevAmAM Ave che. e siddhanuM - muktanuM jIvana anaMtajJAna, anaMtadarzana, anaMtavIrya, ane anaMtasukha rUpa hoya che. siddhadazA sukhamaya che e abhiprAyathI viruddha mata ApanAra traNa darzano che H 1. vaizeSiko ema kahe che ke AtmAne mukti maLe tyAre buThyAdi guNa mAtrano uccheda thAya che eTale AtmAne sukhamaya manAya nahi, 2. bauddho ema jaNAve che ke cittasaMtAnano atyaMta uccheda thavAthI AtmAno asaMbhava che ane tethI e dazAmAM sukha mAnavAnI te nA pADe che. buddhe zAzvatavAda ane ucchedavAda baMne aMtono niSedha karyo che ane pratItyasamutpAdanI sthApanA karI che. ane 3. sAMkhyo AtmA abhoktA che tethI mokSamAM tenI sukhamayatA mAnI zakAya nahi ema samajAve che. 229 vaizeSiko ke je mokSamAM buddhino uccheda kahe che temAM teo skhalanA kare che. mokSamAM iMdriyajanya buddhino uccheda hoI zake, paraMtu AtmasvabhAvabhUta atIMdriya jJAnano uccheda asaMbhavita che. ahIMdriya jJAnano paNa nAza thaI jato hoya to tevI siddhi to koI icchaze nahi. eka sthale kahyuM paNa che ke 'vRMdAvanamAM vAsa karI ziyALapaNe athavA tenI sAthe rahevuM tene gautama sAruM gaNe che, paNa vaizeSikI muktine icchato nathI. [ varaM vRndAvane ramye kroSTRTatvamabhivAMchitam / na tu vaizeSikIM mukti gautamo gantumicchati / / 'syAdvAdamaMjarI' zlo. 8 TIkA vaizeSikonI peThe mImAMsakonuM paNa samajI levuM. teo paNa koIpaNa prakAranuM sukhaduHkha na rahe te sthitine mokSa kahe che. vAsanAdika sarve AtmaguNa ucchinna thayA nathI tyAM sudhI AtyaMtikI duHkhanivRtti thatI nathI. sukhaduHkhano saMbhava dharma ane adharmanA nimittathI thAya che, teno uccheda thatAM kAryarUpa zarIrano upaplava thAya ane AtmAne sukhaduHkha rahe nahi mATe te mukta kahevAya ema mImAMsako kahe che. AtmA pote ja sukhasvarUpa hovAthI svarUpano uccheda muktimAM paNa saMbhavato nathI ema kahevAmAM na Ave to sarvathA avyavasthA thaI jAya. jo sarvathA sukhAbhAva mokSamAM hoya to te prApta karavA mATe karela prayatna paNa artha vagaranA thaI jAya. na sAMkhya matAnusAra caitanyasvarUpa puruSa eka tRNane paNa namAvavAne asamartha che, jaDa prakRtine A trI te ajJAna tamacchanna thAya che ane tyAre prakRtigata sukhAdi phaLane potAnAmAM pratibiMbe che. jJAna pedA thavAthI ene duHkharUpa samaje che ane jyAre tene vivekakhyAti thAya che tyAre te karmathI vegaLo khasato jAya che. prakRti dUra thatAM puruSanuM svarUpamAM avasthAna te sAMkhyamatano mokSa samajavo. AnaMda vagere prakRtinAM kArya hovAthI puruSane tenI sAthe lAgatuMvaLagatuM nathI. jJAnane A darzanavALA prakRtino dharmabuddhino viSaya |dharma mAne che te asaMbhavita che, kAraNake teonA mAnavA mujaba muktAtmA paNa jJAnanA abhAve ajJAnatama ja rahe che. saMsArI AtmAne akatAM

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ra30 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto chatAM bhoktA mAnavAthI kRtanA abhyAgamarUpa kUMpaNo Ave che. prakRti pupano saMyoga koNe karyo e vivAdAspada rahe che ane temAM AtmakRta ke prakRti kRta saMyoga mAnavAthI avasthAdi aneka doSo Ave che. have jo prakRti ane puruSano saMyoga ja ghaTI zake nahi to pachI viyogano saMbhava kyAMthI rahe ? vivekAkhyAti kahI te prakRtine thavI ghaTatI nathI, kAraNake te pote to asaMvedya che. temaja AtmAne paNa ghaTe nahi. jyAre AtmAne A matamAM jaiina matamAM pariNAma ane nitya svIkAryo che tyAre tenI sAthe sukhaduHkhAdinuM pariNAmitva svIkAravuM ja baMdhabesatuM Ave che. bauddha pakSamAM jJAnakSaNa pravAha vagara bIjo AtmA nathI ema mAnavAmAM AvyuM che. AtmAnA astitvathI temAM sneha baMdhAvAthI. to sukhaduHkhanI tRNA thAya ane te to viparIta vAta che; kAraNa ke tugA hoya tyAM sudhI to saMsAra banyo rahe che. Avo AtmAbhiniveza to rAgadveSanuM kAraNa che. mATe bhAvanAthI patrakalatrAdinuM duHkharUpata vicAravuM - ema vicAratAM abhivRMga tUTI jAya ane adhika abhyAsathI vairAgya pedA thAya ane cittasaMtAnanI nivRtti thAya e A mata pramANe mokSa nivaNa). evI bhAvanA vagara kAyaklezarUpa tepa karavAthI mokSa maLI zake e vAtanI teo nA pADe che. nirAtma bhAvanAnA prakarSavizeSathI cittanI niHphlezAvasthA te A matanI mAnyatA pramANe mokSa che. jJAnakSaNa pravAha AtmAne mAnavAthI kRtanAzAhidoSa Ave che. anAtmAnI bhAvanA AtmAe karavI e paraspara viruddha vAta che. vaLI ahIM gAgAdinA upazamane ja mokSa mAnavAmAM Ave che paNa te nihetuka hovAthI ayatnasiddha che. A rIte mokSamAM sukha nathI e pramANe kahenAra vaizeSika - mImAMsaka sAthe, sAMkhya ane bauddha saMbaMdhI vAta saMkSepamAM kahI; jyAre jaina je rIte mokA mAne che te paNa TUMkamAM jaNAvyuM. nAtyantAbhAvarUpA na ca jaDimamayI vyomavada vyApinI no na vyAvRttiM dadhAnA viSayasukhaghanA nekSyate sarvavidbhiH / / sadrapA'tmaprasAdA dRgavagamaguNaughA na saMsArasArA niHsImA'tyakSasaukhyodaya vatiniSpAtinI muktiruktA / / bhAvArtha : mukti bauddhoe mAnelI atyatAbhAva svarUpavALI nathI, niyAyika ane vaizeSikoe mAnelI ja svarUpavALI paNa nathI, AjIvika ane AryasamAjIoe mAnelI AkAzanI mAphaka vyApaka ane anyathI vyAvartana svabhAva dhAraNa karanArI nathI, yavanoe mAnelI viSayasukhathI vyApta nathI, paraMtu e e evI rIte joyela che ke muti saMta-bhAvasvarUpavALI, AtmAnI prasannatAvALI, jJAnadazanAdi aneka guNanA. samUhavALI, sAMsArika sukhothI rahita, niHsIma, atIndriya suvALI, udayanuM je sthAna che tevI, jenuM patana nathI. eTale je nitya che evI mukti che ane te yathAsvarUpe kahelI | AjIvika AvI mukti mAnatA hoya evo ullekha nathI. AryasamA ina nideza asthAne che.

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anekAntavAda - syAdvAda 231 anekAntavAda - syAdvAda (Many-sided or Relative Philosophy) dareka vastu anaMtadharmavALI che eTale dareka vastumAM anaMtadharma che. anaMta eTale aparimita ane dharma eTale svabhAva - sahabhAvI ane kamabhAvI evA svaparyAya. A jene vize che te anaMtadharmAtmaka - ane kAMtAtmaka kahevAya. anekAntAtmaka vastu = anaMtadhamAMtmaka vastu. anekAMtAtmakano artha aneka eTale anaMta ane aMta eTale dharma athavA nizcaya, ane Atmaka eTale svabhAvavALuM - anaMtadharmanA svabhAvavALuM. 3imayogapi : 3padhdha: unto niya: | (zAMkarabhASya. gItA ra.16) vastutaH dravya cetanAcetana che - jIva ane ajIva che. AnuM dRSTAMta suvarNaghaTa laIe. te dhaTa svadravyakSetra kAlabhAva thakI vidyamAna che ane paradravyakSetra kAlabhAva thakI avidyamAna che. ghaTanAM sattvAdi te svaparyAya ja che, koIpaNa paraparyAya nathI, kemake vastumAtra sattvAdi dharmane laIne sajAtIya che, ane abhAva to vijAtIyano ja kahI zakAze. dravyathI ghaTa paulika - pudgalanuM baneluM che, temAM je paulikatva te dravyatvarUpe vidyamAna che, paNa dharma, adharma, AkAza e Adi dravyatvarUpe nathI. ahIM paugalikatva te svapayAMya che ane dharma, adhamadi aneka thakI vyAvRtta hovAthI paryAya nathI ane te paryAya anaMta che kAraNake te dravya anaMta che. ghaTa paulika hovA chatAM pArthivatvarUpe vidyamAna che, Apya, tejasa, Adi rUpe avidyamAna che. - ahIM paNa pArthivatva e ghaTano svoya che ane tenI AyAdi bahu dravya thakI vyAvRtti che - e para paryAya anaMta che. e ja pramANe AgaLa paNa svaparyAya vyakti vicArI levI. suvAsaMghaTa pArthiva chatAM dhAtutvarUpe che, mRtvarUpe nathI, dhAtutvarUpa chatAM suvAsaMtvarUpe che, yAdi rUpa thakI nathI. sauva paNa ghaTita - banAvela vastu rUpe che, aghaTita varUpe nathI; suvarNa no banAvelo ghaTa te amuka sonIno banAvelo che. amuka sonIno banAvelo uparAMta te jA Do. pahoLo evA AkAra thakI che, mukuTAdi AkAre nathI; vaLI goLa che, goLa nahi eve rUpe nathI, goLa paNa svIkAra thakI che, anya iTAdinA AkArarUpe nathI. A rIte je je payaya thakI enI vivakSA thAya che te payoya te tenA svAdhyAya, ane tethI anya te badhA paraparyAya. A rIte dravyataH vaparyAya thoDA thAya, ane vyAvRtti rUpa parapayAMya anaMta thAya, kemake anaMta thakI te vyAvRtta che. have kSetrathI suvarNaghaTa joIe - te ghaTa trilokamAM che, kahIMthI paNa vyAvRtta nathI mATe svAyAMya ja che, paraNyAya nathI. trilokamAM paNa tenA tiryalokamAM che, UrvI adholokamAM nathI, tiglovata hovA chatAM paNa jaMbudvIpavatitva rUpe che eTale tenA eka bhAga nAme jaMbudvIpamAM che. anya dvIpamAM hovA rUpe nathI; jaMbudvIpamAM paNa bharatalokamAM che, bIjA devAmAM nathI, bhAratamAM paNa amukanA amuka gharamAM che, bIjAnA bIjA gharamAM nathI; gharamAM paNa amuka pradezavatitva rUpe che, apara pradezavatitvarUpe nathI. e ja prakAre yathAsaMbhava anya rItie jANavuM. ema kSetrathI svAdhyAya thoDA che, pAyAMya asaMkhya che, kAraNa ke jagatu asaMkhya pradezavALuM che, athavA manuSyalokamAM

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232 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto rahelo ghaTa bIjA sthAnane viSe rahelAM evAM anaMta dravyathI vyAvRtta hovAne lIdhe tenA paraparyAya anaMta che. kAlathI te suvarNaghaTa nityarUpe te svadravyathI hato, che, ane raheze (kAraNa ke pudgalanA paramANu nitya che ane kadIpaNa nAza pAmatA nathI) eTale A ghaTa kahIMthI paNa vyAvRtta nathI, paNa te ja pAcho A yugamAM rahelA rUpe vivakSita thAya che tethI te rUpe che, te bhUta ane bhaviSyanA yugamAM rahelA rUpa nathI. A yugamAM paNa A varSa saMbaMdhe te che, bhUta ane bhaviSyAdi saMbaMdhe nathI. A varSamAM paNa vasaMtaRtu saMbaMdhe che, anya Rtu saMbaMdha nathI, temAM paNa nUtanatva rUpe che, purANatvarUpe nathI, temAM paNa vartamAna kSaNa rUpe che, anya kSaNa rUpe nathI. ema kAlathI svaparyAya asaMkhya che kAraNake eka ja dravya asaMkhya kAlamAM sthiti rahe che. anaMtakAlamAM rahevApaNAthI te anaMta paNa kahevAya. paraparyAya paNa anaMta che kAraNake vivakSita kAla karatAM bIjA kAlamAM rahelA anaMta dravyathI vyAvRtti che. have bhAvathI joIe. suvarNaghaTa pItavarNathI che, nIlAdi varNarUpe nathI. pILo chatAM amuka pILA dravya karatAM eka gaNo pILo, bIjA karatAM bamaNo, keTalAka karatAM traNa gaNo pILo che ityAdi - A pramANe pILApaNAthI anaMta svaryAya thayA: apItavarNavALA evA dravyanA jUnAdhikatvane laI anaMtabhedavALAM evA nIlAdi varNa thakI vyAvRttirUpa paraparyAya paNa anaMta che. e pramANe rasa, gaMdha, sparzanI apekSAe svaparyAya ane paryAya anaMta che. vaLI zabdathI, saMkhyAthI, sarva sAthe saMyoga - viyogathI, parimANathI (nAnuM moTuM), paratva-aparatva (parsara) thakI, dizAvidizA thakI, jJAna thakI, karma (jalApaharaNa, anya sthAna prApaNa ityAdi)thI, sAmAnyathI, vilepathI, saMbaMdhathI (AdhArAdheyabhAva ityAdi) ghaTanA svadharma ane paradharma - svaparyAya ane paryAya anaMta anaMta thAya. temAM paNa utpatti, vinAza, sthiti puna:punaH anaMtakAlamAM anaMta vAra thaI, thAya che ane thaze tethI tenI apekSAe paNa vastunA dharma anaMta Ama svaparyAyathI vidyamAna (sti) ane paraNyAMyathI avidyamAna (nAsti) dareka vastu che. have A baMne paryAya yugapatuM (samAna kAle) kahevAI na zakAya, kAraNa ke je je kahevuM thAya che te zabdathI thAya che ane zabdathI je kahevAya te kramathI ja kahI zakAya. che. AthI vastunA dharma vivALe che eTale pratyakSetra kALabhAvAdi pratyeka prakAra avaktavya dharma ane anya dravya thakI vyAvRtta hovAthI avaktavya paradharma paNa anaMta A ja rIte - jema eka ghaTanuM anaMtadharmatva batAvyuM. tema AtmAdi sarve vastumAM paNa ghaTAvavuM. have ahIM koI ema kaheze ke je svayoya che te to amuka vastunA saMbaMdhI hoya to te dIka che, paMratu paraNyAMya to tethI bhinna vastune Azrita che eTale te prakRta vastunA ja yoya tarIke kema kahevAya ?

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anekAntavAda syAdvAda : A zaMkAno parihAra A rIte che ke saMbaMdha be prakAre che H 1. astitva thakI, 2. nAstitva thakI. svaparyAya te astitva thakI saMbaMdha jemake ghaTano saMbaMdha rUpAdi sAthe; paraparyAya te nAstitva thakI saMbaMdha kemake te paparyAya prakRta vastumAM hoI zakatA nathI, jemake suvarNaghaTamAM mATInA paryAya nathI, tethI tenI sAthe te ghaTano saMbaMdha nAstitva saMbaMdha rUpe che, mATe ja pa25ryAya kahevAya che. tathipe A samAdhAnathI mULa zaMkA jatI nathI, kAraNake je jyAM hoya nahi te tenuM che ema kahevAya ? didrIne dhana nathI to pachI te tenuM che ema kema kahI zakAya ? ethI to lokavyavahAranI vyavasthA ja UMdhI thaI jAya. AnuM samAdhAna A pramANe che ke tevA paryAya nAstitva saMbaMdhe paNa prakRta vastunA ja che ema vyapadeza banato na hoya to sAmAnya rIte te paryAya para vastune viSe paNa saMbaddha hoI na zake. ane ema jo thAya to pachI te paryAya potAnA svarUpa thakI hoI ja na zake ke je iSTa nathI tema anubhavamAM paNa AvatI nathI; mATe avazya nAstitva saMbaMdhathI te paraparyAya tenA che ema vyapadeza karI zakAvo joIe. dhana paNa nAstitva saMbaMdhathI daridrInuM che ema kahI zakAya che, ane lokamAM je ema bolAya che ke 'A didrIne dhana nathI' - temAM 'te tenuM kahI zakAya nahi' ema je kahyuM temAM ema jANavAnuM che ke astitva saMbaMdha thakI te dhana didrInuM che ema na kahI zakAya, paNa nAstitva saMbaMdhe na kahI zakAya ema nahi, eTale temAM lokavyavahArano kazo atikrama nathI. 233 have ghaTanA svaya ane paraparyAya jaNAvyA, temAM ghaTa amuka viziSTa hovAthI tenA karatAM anya draSpa anaMta hovAthI ghaTanA je potAnA paryAya thAya tenA karatAM tenAthI bhinna je anaMta dravya ane anaMta vastuonA paryAya vadhu - vadhu anaMta thAya e spaSTa ja che. tethI paparyAya te svaparyAya karatAM anaMta gaNAya che ane baMne svaparaparyAya, sarvadravyaparyAya parimANa che kAraNake sarvadravyamAM badhI vastuno samAveza thAya che tethI sarvadravyanA paryAyomAM sarva sva ane paraparyAyano samAveza thAya e spaSTa che. A parathI AcArAMga sUtramAM je jaNAvyuM che ke : je eka jANe che te sarva jANe che, je sarva jANe che te eka jANe che te satya che ema turata pratIta thAya che kAraNake teno bhAvArtha A che H je eka vastune sarvaparyAya thakI jANe che te nakkI sarvane jANe che; kemake sarva jJAna vinA vivakSita evI eka vastune, svapa2paryAyabheda thakI bhinna karIne tenAM sarvarUpe samajavI e azakya che; je sarvane sarvarUpe sAkSAt jANe che te ekane paNa svaparaparyAya bheda thakI bhinnarUpe yathArtha jANe che. A ja vAta bIje prakAre paNa kahelI che H - eko bhAvastattvato yena buddhaH sarve bhAvAktattvatastena buddhAH || jeNe eka bhAva sarvathA - tattvathI joyo, teNe sarvabhAva sarvathA joyA; jeNe sarvabhAva sarvathA joyo, teNe ekabhAva sarvathA joyo. mATe A prakAre sakala vastunuM

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234 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto ane ka-anaMta dhamAMtmakatva siddha thayuM. bhiAva eTale vastu. dareka vastuno bIjI badhI vana sAthe saMbaMdha hoya che (svapa yAMyathI ke paraparyAyathI.) tethI eka vastunuM jJAna jene hoya tene badhI vastunuM jJAna thai jAya che. A sarva vastunA sarvadharmane jovAthI - vicAravAthI eTale tenI dareka apekSAe te vastu svarUpa nirmIta kare che evA jaina darzanane "anekAMtavAda' kahevAmAM Avela uparanA , nAti ane vaktavya e dharma judIjudI rIte karavAthI saptabhaMga thAya che : A sAtamAMnA darekane cAtuM eTale kathaMcit - apekSAe e zabda, lagADavAmAM Ave che. te A pramANe : yAt vasti, cAtu nAsti, cAtu vasti nAti, tuM vaktavya, cAtu ti vaktavya, cAtu nIti vaktavyuM, ane catuM ti nAsti yugapat avaktavya. ukta saptabhaMgIthI jIvaajIvAdika vastumAtranuM yathArtha jJAna thaI zake che. 1. yAtu ati - svadratyakSetra kAlabhAvathI vastumAtramAM (svaparyAya rUpe) asti dharmanI pratIti thAya che. "cAtuM' pada anekAMta vAcaka che tethI asti dharmanI atre joke mukhyapaNe pratIti thAya che topaNa (paraparyAyayarUpe) te vastunA nAsti dharmano niSedha thato nathI - paraMtu nAstidharmanI paNa gauNarUpe pratIti thAya ja che. 2. syAt nAsti - padravyakSetra kAlabhAvathI vastumAtramAM (paraparyAya rU5) nAsti dharmanI pratIti thAya che, arthAt vastu mAtramAM tenA svaparyAya rUpe jema ati (anva) dharma rahe che temaja tenA paraparyAyarUpe nAtidharma paNa rahe che. tAtparya ke vastumAtramAM paraparyAyarUpe nAsti dharmanuM paNa astitva raheluM che. jo vastumAM nAstidhame astirUpe raheto na hoya to ghaTapaTAdika vyavahArano lopa thaI jAya kAraNake ghaTa ane paTamAM koI taphAvata rahevA pAme nahi. ghaTa ane paTa e bhinna che te tenA astinAsti dharmathI oLakhAya che. gharamAM jema ghaTa5 - ghaTanA svapayoyarUpa dravyakSetra kALabhAvathI astitva che, tevI ja rIte temAM paTarUpa - ghaTanA paryAyarUpa dravyatra kALabhAvanuM nAstitva paNa che. A bhaMgamAM nAsti (asattva) dharmanI mukhyapaNe pratIti che topaNa astidhamanI. gauNapaNe pratIti thaI zake che. 3. cAtu ati cAtu nAsti - vastumAtramAM jema atidharma rahelo che tevo ja nAstidharma paNa rahelo che. eka ja kSaNamAM ubhaya dharmanuM astitva hovAthI ubhayadharmanI atra ekI sAthe pratIti thaI zake che tethI Ano vikalpa-bhaMga saMbhave che. 4. sAta avaktavya - astidharma ane nAstidharma vastumAtramAM sAthe sAthe vidyamAna hovA chatAM te baMne eka ja samayamAM hoya ane pratIta thAya chatAM paNa kathI zakAtA nathI. vaLI astidharma anaMta che ane tethI paNa vadhu anaMta nAAidhame che to. te eka ja samayamAM ekI sAthe zI rIte kathI zakAya ? mATe te avaktavya che e.vo. vikalpa paNa saMbhave che. pa. cAtu asti avaktavya - upara cothI vikalpamAM jaNAvyuM ke astimAM ane nAstidharma anaMta che. temAM darekane chUTA pa . to (astidharma letAM pAMcamo ane

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anekAntavAda syAdvAda nAstidharma letAM chaTho bhaMga thAya che ane baMnene bhegAM letAM sAtamo bhaMga thAya che) eTale astidharma anaMta che tethI sarva astidharma paNa eka ja samayamAM avaktavya che e bhaMga thAya che. A bhaMgamAM mukhyapaNe astidharmasameta avaktavyatvanI pratIti thAya che. 6. syAt nAsti avaktavya nAstidharma paNa anaMta che tethI sarva nAsti dharma paNa eka ja samayamAM kathavA azakya hoI avaktavya che. A bhaMgamAM mukhyapaNe nAstidharma sameta avaktavyatvanI pratIti thAya che. 235 7. syAt asti nAsti avaktavya astidharma ane nAstidharma baMne anaMta che ane te ubhayane eka samaye ekI sAthe bolavA azakya hoI avaktavya che. A bhaMgamAM asti ane nAstidharma - ema baMne suhita te baMnenuM avaktavyatva pratIta thAya che. AmAM jema asti nAsti dharmanuM pratipAdana thayuM tevI ja rIte nitya anitya Adi dharmanuM paNa pratipAdana thAya che. - A 'syAd' zabdathI prAraMbhAtA saptabhaMgano vistAra jaina dharmamAM che tethI te jaina darzanane 'syAdvAda' e abhidhAna ApavAmAM Ave che. have anekAMtavAda para koI zaMkA kare ke anekAMta virodhAtmaka che. kAraNake te vastumAM ekabIjAthI virodhI guNo nAme sattva asattva, nityatva anityatva Adi mAne che. juo (1) je sat hoya te ja asat zI rIte hoya ? kAraNake je zIta hoya te uSNa na hoya AthI vyavahArano uccheda thaze. (2) nizcaya rUpe sat Adi guNa na hovAthI 'saMzaya' utpanna thaze. (3) je aMze sattva vastumAM che te aMge to sattva temAM kharuM ke te aMge paNa sattvAsattva baMne ? pahelo pakSa lyo to syAdvAdanI hine thAya ane bIjo pakSa lyo to pharI e ja prazna pUchavo paDe ke virodhI guNa ekamAM kema hoya ? (4) sarvanuM anekAtmakatva svIkAro cho to jalAdinI paNa agnirUpatA saMbhave, ane agni AdinI jalarUpatA saMbhave ane tethI vyavahArano lopa thAya. A zaMkAnuM samAdhAna Ama che. (1) virodha nathI. svarUpAdithI vastu sat hoya te ja samaye pararUpAdithI tenA asattvano koI anupalaMbha nathI eTale eka ekanI sAthe rahevA 3pa zItoSNa sparza jevo virodha thavAno saMbhava nathI, kAraNake virodha to sAthe sAthe thanAra hoya tyAM saMbhave, paNa jyAM sat asat sAthe pedA thatAM nathI tyAM eTale jyAM eka thAya che ne bIjuM nathI thatuM tyAM virodha saMbhave nahi. (naisminna saMmavAt) |A sUtra ahIM ThIka nathI lAgatuM. A sUtra brahmasUtramAM jainonA khaMDana mATe che.| eka ja puruSa ekano putra, bIjAno pitA, trIjAno pati, cothAno ziSya ema thaI zake che paNa temAM virodha nathI. temAM te puruSa ekano putra hoya to teno pitA na thaI zake; eTale potAnA putranI apekSAe pote pitA che, ane potAnA pitAnI apekSAe te putra che. (2) AmAM saMzaya paNa udbhave nahi, kAraNake sattva ane asattvanI sphuTa rIte pratIti thAya che. saMzaya to jyAM adRDha pratIti hoya tyAM ja saMbhave, jemake doDI ke sa, sthANu ke puruSa e viSe. (3) sattva asattva Adi

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236 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto vastudharma che, dharmanA dharma nathI. dharmane dharma na hoya. ekAMta nizcaya svIkAravAthI anekAMtavAdanI hAni thAya che ema nathI kAraNake anekAMta mata paNa samyagU ekAMta nizcaya vinA bane nahi. naya ekAMta svIkAre che, chatAM pramANa thakI to anekAMtano ja nizcaya che. (4) jalAdine svarUpanI apekSAthI jalarUpatA che, pararUpanI apekSAthI nathI eTale jalanA arthIne agni pratye pravRtti thavAno saMbhava nathI; kemake vapara paryAyAtmakatvathI sarva vastu sarvarUpe mAnelI che. nahi to vastusvarUpa ja bane nahi. vaLI bhUta bhaviSya gatine laIne jalaparamANune paNa bhUta bhaviSyanI agnipariNAmanI apekSAthI agnirUpatA paNa che ja; ane UnA pANImAM to pANInI koI prakAre agnirUpatA manAya paNa che ja. A rIte ghaNI sUkSmatAthI nyAyathI bharapUra anekAMta darzana che, temAM naya, nikSepa, pramANa Adi aneka viSayono samAveza thAya che. 44 - (Aspect - standpoint) vastunA anaMta svabhAvamAMthI koI sat aMzano svIkAra karI itara aMgo pratye udAsIna rahenAra "naya' kahevAya che. (nI = laI javuM. te parathI laI janAra - prApaka te naya) eTale jenAthI vastuno bodhamArga - jIvAdi padArthano bodha sadaMza - satya aMza svIkAravAthI ane bIjA aMza tarapha udAsInatA rAkhIne prApta thAya che te naya - ane eka aMzano svIkAra karI bIjA sarvano niSedha kare te nayAbhAsa che. te sAta che. 1. naigama, 2. saMgraha, 3. vyavahAra, 4. RjusUjha, 5. zabda, 6. samabhirUDha, ane 7. evaMbhUta. 1. naigamanaya - vastumAtrane sAmAnyarUpe (jAti) ane vizeSa (bhinnabhinna vyakti) rUpe ema uyarUpe prahaNa kare che. sAmAnyadharmathI seMkaDo vyaktiomAM ekatAbuddhi thAya che, jemake ane ka ghaTomAM ghaTatva eka prakAranuM che, paNa vizeSa dharmathI tenA viziSTa dharmane laI vyakita mannabhinna oLakhI zakAya che. rAtA ghaDAthI pILo ghaDo judo oLakhI zakAya che, e tenAM rahela pItatva viziSTa guNane laIne che. nigama naya kahe che ke sAmAnya vagara virodha nathI, ane vizeSa vagara sAmAnya nathI. A nayanuM ja grahaNa nyAya ane vaizeSika daLona kare che. 2. saMgraha naya - A naya mukhyapaNe rAmAnya dharmane - sattAne svIkAre che. te ema jaNAve che ke vanaspatimAM niMba, Amra Adino samAveza thAya che; AgaLanA nakha Adi hAthathI nyArA na hovAthI teno hAthamAM samAveza thAya che. are vedAMta ane sAMkhya darzano A nayane ja svIkAre che. 3. vyavahAra - te vyavahAramAM thAya che tema vizeSa dharmane svIkAre che. vanaspati levAnuM koIne kahevAmAM Ave, paraMtu tene amuka keLAM, kerI Adi levAnuM khAsa karIne kahevAmAM na Ave to sAmAnyataH vanaspati kahevAthI te zuM grahaNa karI zakaze ? mATe sAmAnyano kAMI tevo khapa paDato nathI. vizeSa dharma oLakhANa kharI paDe che. cAvaka darzana A nayane ja mAnya kare che.

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anekAnAvAda - sAvAda 237 4. RjusUtra naya - (Rju = sarala + sUtra = bodha) te sarala evA vartamAna satvagrAhI hovAthI atIta anAgata bhAvane tajI kevaLa vartamAna paryAyavALA potAnA bhAvane ja vastupaNe mAnya rAkhe che, kAraNake ethI ja vartamAna bhAvathI kAryasiddhi thAya che, paNa atIta ane anAgata temaja parabhAvathI kaMI kAryaniSpatti nathI. AthI te nAma, sthApanA ane dravya e traNa nikSepane na svIkAratAM bhAvanikSepane ja svIkAre che. (A cAra nikSepanuM TUMka svarUpa naye Apela che.) hAla vastra pILuM hoya to te pILuM che ema kaheze paraMtu te pUrve dhoLuM hoya athavA have pachI kALuM thavAnuM hoya to tenI apekSA nahi rAkhe. rAjaputra jyAM sudhI rAjA nathI thayo tyAM sudhI te rAjaputra che paNa te bhAvI rAjA ke apekSAe rAjA che evuM A naya svIkArato nathI. bauddha darzana A nayane ja graha che (bauddha AtmA marIne kyAM jAya che, te rahe che ke nahi te vize bilakula vicAra karavAnI nA kahe che. paNa vartamAnamAM ja je duHkha che - je bhavapIDA che tene dUra karavAne mathavA ja kahe che.) 5. zabda naya -- A vastunAM je je bIjAM nAmo - zabdaparyAyo hoya tene eka ja arthanA tarIke svIkAre che. jemake kuMbha, kalaza, ghaTa ityAdi aneka zabdo eka vAcyArtha (ghaTa)ne eka ja padArtha eTale ghaDo samaje che. A nayamAM kAla, liMga, vacana Adi bhede paNa eka ja padArtha - vAcyArtha sUcavAya che. jemake strI, kalatra, dArAH e eka ja vastu sUcave che ItyAdi. 6. samabhirUDha naya - bhinna bhinna paryAyazabdothI tenA vyutpatti AdinA kAraNe bhinna bhinna vAcya padArtha bane che ema A naya svIkAre che. dAkhalA tarIke Idra, puraMdara, zakra e zabdanayathI ekAryavAcya che eTale te sarvano artha eka ja thAya che, paNa A nayathI IdanathI - aizvaryathI saMpanna hoya te Idra, mudrariNathI - daityonAM) nagara nAza karavAthI puraMdara, ane zakanathI - zaktithI saMyukta hoya te zakra. 7. evaMbhUta naya - potAnuM kAryakaranAra vastune ja vastugate vastu mAne che ane te pramANe te vakhate kahe che. dAkhalA tarIke iMdra, zaka, puraMdara. Idra tyAre ja kahevAya ke jayAre te indanakriyA - aizvarya anubhavato hoya, zaktakriyA eTale zaktino upayoga jyAre te karato hoya tyAre te zakra kahevAya. ane jyAre daityonAM purano nAza karato hoya tyAre ja te puraMdara kahevAya. A chellA traNa no vaiyAkaraNIo - zabdazAstrIo svIkAre che. A sAte navI vastuomAM ghaTAvI zakAya che. (AnuM jarAka vistArathI varNana jovuM hoya to juo 'nayakarNikA' ke je prasiddha thayelI che.) | nikSepa - eTale AropaNa. vastumAM cAra rIte AropaNa thAya che tethI te cAra nikSepa kahevAya che : nAma, sthApanA, dravya ane bhAva. 1. nAmanikSepa - vastu mAtrane tenA AkAra ke guNa AdinI kAMIpaNa apekSA ' vagara nAma thakI bolAvavI te. jema ke mahAvIra. (A parathI mahAnvIra hoya tene ja

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238 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto mahAvIra kahevAmAM AvyuM che. e te apekSA vagara nAma ApavAmAM Avela che.) draridrI hoya chatAM dhanapati' nAma hoya che. - 2. sthApanA nikSepa - padArthano AkAra joI temAM te ja padArthanuM AropaNa karavuM te. devaLamAM mUrti joI temAM amuka prabhunuM AropaNa karavuM ke A "mahAvIra svAmI che. te ja rIte citra, phoTo joIne kahevAya che ke A kRSNalAla che, A mohanalAla che. 3. dravyanikSepa - dravya e bhAvanuM upAdAna kAraNa che. jema mATI e ghaDAnuM upAdAna kAraNa che tema. ane jyAM sudhI bhAva kAryarUpe pariName nahi tyAM sudhI te. dravyanI avasthAmAM che. AthI bhAvahetuka yAne vastu svarUpa nimittabhUta te dravyanikSepa. jemake jyAM sudhI jIva potAnuM svarUpa nathI jANato - pAmato tyAM sudhI te dravya jIva che, jyAM sudhI sAdhu potAnA jAgrata svarUpamAM upayogapUrvaka raheto nathI tyAM sudhI te 'dravyasAdhu che. jyAM sudhI tIrthakarane kevalajJAna thayuM nathI tyAM sudhI te dravya tIrthaMkara 4. bhAvanikSepa - bhAvanuM upAdAnakAraNa dravya che. bhAvamAM vastunA guNo samAveza pAme che. te-te guNo prakaTe che tyAre bhAvanikSepa thAya che - amuka vastunA sadUbhUta guNayukta bhAvane bhAvanikSepa kahe che. jemake AtmAnuM jyAre zuddha svarUpa pragaTe che tyAre te zuddha AtmA kahevAya che, tIrthakarane jyAre kevalajJAna thAya che ane dharmadezanA Ape che tyAre te bhAvatIrthakara kahevAya che ane sAdhu barAbara upayogapUrvaka potAnA AcAramAM varte che tyAre te bhAvasAdhu che. vagere. A nikSepamAM vastuno nizcayaguNa hoya che. have pramANa joIe. AnuM svarUpa vizAla che, paNa atra mayaoNditapaNe mAtra rekhAdarzana rUpe nAma gaNAvIe. pramANa eTale svaparano spaSTa nizcaya karAve te. mukhya rIte be pramANe che : 1. pratyakSa ra. parokSa. aparokSapaNe padArthane grahaNa karanAra jJAna te pratyakSanA be bheda che. (1) sarvapratyakSa ane (ra) dezapratyakSa. savapratyakSa te sarvajJa sarvadarzIne hoya che ane dezapratyakSa te avadhijJAnI ane manapayaeNvajJAnIne hoI zake che. rUpI-arUpI sarva vastunuM - AtmAnuM pratyakSapaNuM thavuM te sarvathA sarva rIte saMbhave che, ane avadhijJAnI ane mana:paryavasAnIne dezathI - amuka aMze saMbhave che. bIjAo taiyAyikAdi cakSu Adi idriyajanya jJAnane pratyakSa mAne che tema atra nathI: A pramANa atIndriya jJAna ja che, cakSu IdriyathI arUpI dravyo dekhI ke jANI zakAtA nathI tethI te atra apramANa che. phakta jJAna ja svaparano nizcaya karI zake che tethI te ja pramANabhUta che. jaDa evI IdriyathI atIndriya AtmAno nizcaya zI rIte thaI zake ? parokSapramANa - jethI vastudharmano aspaSTa bodha thAya te parokSa pramA; te pAMca prakAranAM che. 1. smaraNa - saMkArajanya bodhathI anubhavelI bAbatanuM jJAna thavuM te. 2. pratyabhijJAna - anubhava tathA smRtinA yogathI je vastuviSayanuM nizcita sAna thAya

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anekAntavAda - syAdvAda 239 te. A ga che. gaudaza gavaya che. 3. tarka - A hoya to amuka ja hoya e anvaya vyakti ane anyathA e te na ja hoya e vyatireka vyApti saMbaMdhI jJAna tene Uha athavA take kahe che. jemake jyAM jyAM dhumADo che tyAM tyAM agni che. vahninA abhAve dhumADAno abhAva hoya che. 4. anumAna - sAdhyanI sAthe vyAptie raheluM liMgamAMthI sAdhyanuM nizcaya karanAra jJAna. AnA be prakAra che. (1) svArthInumAna eTale potAnA anubhavathI - potAne mATe bAMdheluM anumAna ane (2) parArthAnumAna - bIjAnA anubhavathI - bIjAne mATe bAMdheluM anumAna. AmAM (1) pahelA prakAranuM anumAna vAraMvAra dRSTithI avalokana karyA pachI potAnA manamAMthI ja kADheluM hoya che. dhAro ke rasoDuM ane bIjAM sthAnomAM jyAM dhumADo che tyAM agni che ema vAraMvAra joyA pachI ane jyAM dhUma hoya tyAM avazyameva - vyAptithI agni hoya evuM manamAM pratIta karyA pachI koI manuSya parvata para jAya che ane te parvata para agni che ke nahi evI zaMkA thAya che teTalAmAM te upara dhumADo jue che ke tarata ja dhUma ane agni vaccenI vyApti tenA smaraNamAM Ave che ane tethI manamAM nirNaya para Ave che ke parvata vatimAnuM che kAraNake te upara dhUma che. A svArthInumAna che. (2) pratyakSa ane anumAna prasiddha arthano prakAza karavAthI ane te baMne bIjAne jANavAnAM sAdhana hovAthI parArthonumAna che, kAraNake te baMnene parAthanumAna kahevAnuM kAraNa e che ke pratyakSa ane anumAnathI je jJAna potAne arthe prApta kareluM hoya che te vAkya dvArA bIjAne ApI zakAya che. paNuM parokSapramANa zabda che - daSTa eTale pramANathI ISTa ane nizcita arthavALuM je vAkya abAdhitapaNe paramArthane kahe che te vAkyamAMthI tattvataH utpanna thatuM jJAna te. tenA be prakAra che. (1) laukika eTale koI vizvasanIya puruSa pAsethI meLaveluM jJAna. (2) zAstraja - eTale zAstramAMthI utpanna thayeluM. cAvoka mAtra pratyakSa pramANane ja mAne che, ane te idriyajanya jJAne. parokSa pramANa : sthAnAMgasUtra jevA AgamagraMtho pramANe parokSa pramANanA be prakAra che - 1. abhinibodha ke mati ane 2. zrata. (kAraNake A bemAM indriyonI madada levI paDe che. jyAre avadhi, mana:paryAya ane kevalamAM jIva indriyanI madada vinA jJAna kare che je pratyakSa che. (jIva akSa che.) bIjA dArzanika vicArako indriyathI utpanna thatA jJAnane pramANa kahe che tethI temanI sAthe carcAnI saraLatA khAtara pachInA jaina dArzaniko (jema ke jinabhadrAcArya) indriya ane manathI utpanna thatA jJAnane vyavahAra pratyakSa kahe che ane A vyAvahArika dRSTie parokSa pramANamAM smRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka, anumAna ane Agama ke zabdano samAveza kare che. |

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24 jaina tattva AtmA caitanya sarva darzanonI sarakhAmaNIno koTho vedAMta sAMkhya nyAya-vaizeSika bauddha brahmarUpa sarovarano puruSa buddhi,sukha-duHkha kSaNika vijJAnaeka parapoTo caitanyasvarUpa Adi ATha guNavALo svarUpa nitya nitya kSaNika anitya, pravAhe nitya aMtaHkaraNa manadvArA AtmA nitya nitya ke anitya ? kartA-bhoktA koNa ? AtmapramANa nityAnitya dravyaparyAya AzrI vyavahAranaye - jIva, nizcayanaye - karma zarIra pramANe nAlaya vyApaka. vyApaka zarIra pramANe vilAdvaitamAM AtmA citta zarIrapramANa, sarvavyApI jyAre anya AtmA vyApaka vedAMta saMpradAyomAM AtmA aNu-parimANa. vedAMtanI carcA zAMkara vedAMtane dhyAnamAM rAkhI karI che.)]. badhA zarIra vacce pratizarIra bhinna ekaja brahmarUpa AtmA aMtaHkaraNane baMdha, jIva phUTastha sAkSI teno abhimAnI Atma. jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto pratizarIra bhinna eka ke aneka prati zarIra, ekeka AtmA karmano baMdha jIvane baMdha. kone ? nizcaya naye to- kAmaNane baMdha abhimAnI AtmA. pratizarIra bhinna AtmAne

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moha mUla-bIja jagata Izvara kartA karmano kSaya rAga-dveSa anAdithI che. Izvara kAM nathI punarjanma, puNya che. pApa, svarga, narka. jagatno nAza muktanuM punarAvartana nathI. zarIra keTalAM ? jagatno nAza nathI; hAnivRddhi che. nathI. u.vai.te.A kAryaNa. manuSyane ghaNe bhAge traNa zarIrapramANe mana zAthI mukti ? jJAna-darzana-cAritryathI aMtaHkaraNa yA vAsanAno kSaya saMskAra-vAsanA kalpanA mAtra siddhAMtamAM nathI; vyavahAramAM che. che. vAstavika nathI; kalpanAmAM pralaya che. nathI. skUla-sUkSma-kAraNa. koza pAMca annamaya Adi. aMtaHkaraNarUpa karma-bhaktithI aMtaHkaraNanI zaddhi thatAM tattvajJAnathI mukti. prakRti puruSana viyoga triguNanI viSamatA anAdi kartA nathI che. nAza nathI nathI. sthUla sUkSma liMga prakRti - puruSano bheda jANavAthI duHkhano nAza tattvanuM ajJAna utpatti-pralaya Izvara kAM che. pralaya che. nathI. ekazarIra aNu pramANe tattvajJAna. huMpaNuM bhulAya dIvo bujhAya yAM zUnya. ahaMbhAva; 'huM chuM' evI kalpanA. anAdi kartA nathI. che. nathI. nathI. nairAtmya bhAvathI [1. sAMkhyamAM citta zarIraparimANa che. mana vize kyAMya parimANanI carcA dhyAnamAM nathI. paraMtu pAMca indriyonA pAMca vikalpo yugapad mAnyA nathI eTale mana zarIrarimANa niha hoya ema lAge che. paNa cokkasa kahI zakAya nahIM. jainanI jema sAMkhya paNa zarIraparimANa mAnI zake. sarva darzanonI sarakhAmaNIno koTho 241

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242 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto gRhasthadharma ane yatidharma dharma dharmamAM dhu dhAtuno artha dhAraNa karavuM e thAya che. to vyAvahArika arthamAM durgatimAM paDatAM je jIvane dhAraNa karI rAkhe te dharma ane te paraspara virodha na Ave tevA zAstrokta pramANavALA yathArtha vacanathI jaNAveluM ane maitrI vagere bhAvanAthI yukta evuM je anuSThAna te che. dharma paraMparAthI mokSane sAdhanAro che. paraMparAthI eTale avirati samyagdaSTinA (zrAvakanA) caturtha guNasthAna vageremAM ArohaNa karavAthI athavA sudevatva ane manuSyatvAdi prApta karIne ema jANavuM. dharmanA bheda anuSThAna karanAra puruSanA bhedathI dharma be prakArano che : 1. gRhastha dharma ane 2. yati dharma' upAyanA bhedathI dharma traNa prakArano che : 1. samyagRjJAna 2. samyagdarzana 3. samyakjhAritra (ke jenuM varNana have pachI karIzuM.) gRhastha dharma be prakArano che. (1) sAmAnya eTale sarva ziSTa sAdhAraNa anuSThAnarU5 arthAt sAmAnya mArgAnusArI ziSTa puruSonI apekSAe AcaravArUpa dharma. (2) vizeSavizeSathI "samyagdarzananI prApti tathA zrAvakanAM 'aNuvrata' (bAra vrata) pramukha aMgIkAra karavArUpa dharma. kulaparaMparAthI AveluM, niMdA rahita, vaibhavAdinI apekSAe je nyAyapUrvaka AcaraNa te gRhasthono sAmAnya dharma che. AmAM mArgAnusArInA 35 guNo samAya che. te guNo prApta karavAthI "dharmaprAptinI yogyatA' Ave che mArgAnusArI'nA 35 guNa (mArga eTale samyagdarzanAdika muktino mArga tene anusaranAra te mArgonusArI) : 1. vaizeSika darzanamAM yogaguni zreyasiddhiH sa gharma | - jenAthI aihika ane pAralaukika udaya thAya te dharma, zrImad bhAgavatamAM praTito tharmo tyadharmasta6 viparyayaH - vedavihita karma te dharma ane vedaviruddha te adharma. Ama dharmanI vyAkhyAo judA judA buddhimAno judI judI rIte Ape che. jeno vedane apauruSeya mAnavAno niSedha karavA uparAMta vedane svIkAratA nathI tethI jaina dharma avaidika dharma gaNAya che. 2. vaidika dharmamAM cAra Azrama sthApela che : 1. brahmacaryAzrama 2. gRhasthAzrama 3. vAnaprasthAzrama 4. saMnyastAzrama - AmAMno chello Azrama pALanAra saMnyAsIne jainamAM yati, muni, sAdhu, aNagAra, zramaNa Adi nAma Apela che ane pahelA traNa Azramane gRhastha dharmamAM samAvyA che. gRhasthanuM bIjuM nAma "zrAvaka' jene paribhASAmAM che. 3. AnI sAthe sarakhAvo. vedamAM dharmane traNa bhAgamAM vaheMcelo che : 1. jJAnakAMDa 2. upAsanAkAMDa 3. karmakAMDa.

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gRhastha dharma ane yatidharma 243 1. nyAyasaMpanna vaibhava - A guNa upara bahu bhAra mUkavAmAM Avyo che. nyAyathI (pramANikapaNe) meLavela dhana dharmakAryamAM vAparavAthI A loka ane paralokanA hita arthe thAya che. te dhananA bhogavatA puruSa para koI jAtanI zaMkA AvatI nathI tethI tenuM citta avyAkula ane tenA pariNAma suMdara rahe che. dravyaprAptino utkRSTa ane rahasyabhUta upAya nyAya ja che ema zAstrakAra kahe che. nyAyathI dravyaprAptimAM "lAbhAMtarAya" karma dUra thAya che tethI vizeSa saMpatti maLe. 2. samAnakula zIlavALA sAthe temaja agotraja sAthe vivAha - potAnA kula eTale vaMza ane zIla eTale madhamAMsAdi tyAga karavArUpa vyavahAra jevA bIjAnA hoya tenI sAthe vivAha karavAthI paraspara asaMtoSa raheto nathI ane ahaMkAra ane avajJA dUra thAya che. eka gotramAM vivAha karavAthI nAnAmoTAno vyavahAra lopa thAya che ane vinayano bhaMga thAya che. 3. daSTa ane adRSTa upadravathI bItAM rahevuM - anyAyathI vyavahAra, jugAra, parastrIgamana Adi duSTa upadravanAM kAraNo che, ane madyamAMsanuM sevana ke jenAM phala zAstramAM narakayAtanA Adi che te adaSTa upadravanAM kAraNo che. A kAraNothI bItAM rahI dUra rahevuM ghaTe che ke jethI bhaya cittamAM thato nathI, ane anya lokanI viDaMbanA naDatI nathI. 4. ziSTacaritanI prazaMsA karavI - sadAcAramAM rahelA jJAnavRddha puruSo e ziSTa che. temanuM AcaraNa te ziSTAcAra che : jevA ke lokApavAdathI bhaya, dInajanano uddhAra karavAno Adara, kRtajJatA, sudAkSiNya (sAruM DahApaNa), sarvanI niMdAno tyAga, sAdhuprazaMsA, ApattimAM adainya, saMpattimAM namratA, prastAve mitabhASaNa, vRthA vivAdano tyAga, pratipatrakriyA, kuladharmapAlana, asadvyayatyAga, yogya sthAne kriyA, mukhya kArya karavAmAM Agraha, pramAdano tyAga, lokAcAranuM anusaraNa, sarvatra yogyatAnuM pAlana, prANa jAya topaNa niMdita kAmamAM apravRtti. A ziSTAcAranI prazaMsA karI guNa grahaNa karavuM. 5. cha aMtaraMga zatruno tyAga - kAma, krodha, lobha, mAna, mada ane harSa e che aMtaraMga zatruno tyAga karI aviruddha arthano aMgIkAra karI - gRhasthadharmane yogya rIte cAlI Idriyano jaya karavo. 6. upadravavALA sthAnano tyAga karavo - potAnA ane paranA rAjyanA sainyanA vikSobhathI, dukALa, mahAmArI, ativRSTi, anAvRSTi, tIDa vagerethI asvastha thayela nivAsa - gAma nagara pramukhano tyAga karavo. ema na thAya to dharma, artha ane kAmano vinAza thavAno saMbhava, tethI ubhayalokamAM anartha ja utpanna thAya. 7. potAne yogya evA puruSano Azraya karavo - svAmI evo zodhavo ke je dhArmika, kulAcArathI zuddha, pratApI ane nyAyI hoya. 8. uttama ane sadAcArI puruSono saMga karavo. 9. sAre sthale gRha rAkhavuM. - je sthAna ati khulluM athavA ati gupta hoya ane jyAM paDoza kharAba hoya te rahevAne anucita sthAna che. vaLI te ghara vAstunAM sarva lakSaNothI yukta hovuM joIe. ane temAM javA-AvavAnA ghaNA rastA na hovA

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244 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto joIe kAraNake tethI corI thatI, temaja strInI lajjA vagere jatI aTake che. 10. potAnA vaibhavAdine yogya evo veza rAkhavo. - viruddha vezano tyAga karavo. 11. AvakapramANe kharca rAkhavo. 12. prasiddha dezAcAra pALavA. 13. niMdita kAryamAM bilakula pravRtti karavI nahi - maghamAMsasevana, parastrIgamana Adi niMdya che. 14. sarvaprANIono avarNavAda (nidA) karavo choDI devo, temAM rAjA, maMtrI, purohita (rAjyagura) vagereno vizeSapaNe choDI devo. 15. sadAcAra vagaranA puruSo sAthe saMsarga rAkhavo nahi. 16. mAtApitAnI pUjA karavI. (gurujanano vinaya sAcavavo.) mAtApitAne paralokanA dharmavyApAramAM preraNA karavI, temanI AjJAthI A loka ane paralokanA kAryamAM pravRtti karavI. 17. koIne udvega na thAya tema pravRtti karavI. 18. je bharaNapoSaNa karavA yogya hoya temanuM bharaNapoSaNa karavuM. temane yogya kAryamAM joDavA, temanA dharma, artha, ane kAmanA prayojanamAM hamezAM lakSa rAkhavuM ane anarthamAMthI temanI rakSA karavAno udyoga karavo. 19. jJAna-gauravanI rakSA - jo te poSya varga niMdA karavA yogya thAya to pachI gRhasthe potAnA jJAna ane gauravapaNAnI rakSA karavI. 20. deva, atithi ane dInajananI sevA karavI ane temAM uttama puruSanuM udAharaNa laIne devAdikanI yogyatAnuM ullaMghana na karavuM. 21. potAnI prakRtinI anukULatAe vakhatasara bhojana karavuM ane ruci uparAMta jamavAnI lolupatA rAkhavI nahi ane jo ajIrNa thayuM hoya to bhojana karavuM nahi. 22. zarIramAM nabaLAI lAge to teno upAya karavo. 23. aghaTita deza tathA aghaTita kAla pramANe cAlavuM nahi. 24. yogyatA pramANe lokavyavahAra karavo - lokaviruddha AcaravuM nahi, halakA lokonI sAthe hInAkramathI - lokavyavahAranA tucchapaNAthI vartavuM. 25. ati paricayano tyAga karavo. 26, sadAcArI ane jJAnavRddhanI sevA karavI. 27. paraspara gUMthAyela dharma, artha ane kAmane ekabIjAne upaghAta na thAya tevI rIte sevavA. dharma artha ane kAma e trivarga kahevAya che, temAM jenAthI sati ane mokSanI siddhi thAya te dharma, jenAthI sarvaprayojananI siddhi thAya te artha, ane jenAthI ahaMkAranA rasathI vyApta evI sarvaIdriyonI prIti thAya te kAma che. buddhimAnuM puruSe dharmane bAdhA na Ave tevI rIte kAma ane arthane viSe yatna karavo. je artha tathA kAmano upaghAta karI kevala dharmanuM sevana kare tene to yatipaNuM levuM sAruM che - gRhasthane to artha tathA kAmanuM ArAdhana karavuM zreya che. ati kAmAsaktanuM dravya tathA

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gRhasthadharma ane yatidharma 245 dharma nAza pAme che ane lAMbe kALe te sukhI thato nathI. ati dravyAsakta puruSa dravyano saMcaya kare paNa kyAre paNa kharce nahi tethI dharmanuM pAlana na thAya, temaja gRhasthadharma evI zake nahi. 28. dharma, artha, kAma - e traNamAMthI harakoIne bAdha thavA saMbhava lAge to mUla puruSArthane bAdha thavA devo nahi. mUla puruSArtha te dharma che. 29. potAnI zakti ane azakti vicArI kAma karavuM. 30. dharma artha ane kAmanI uttarottara vRddhirUpa anubaMdha (Agraha) rAkhavAmAM prayatna karavo. 31. je kAle je vastu yogya hoya teno vicAra karI tene aMgIkAra karavI. 32. hamezAM dharmanuM zravaNa karavuM. 33. sarvakAryamAM kadAgraha na rAkhavo. 34. guNomAM pakSapAta rAkhavo. 35. UTha, apoha Adi buddhinA ATha guNano yoga sAdhavo - grahaNa karavo. buddhinA ATha guNa A che - (1) sAMbhaLavAnI IcchA te "zuSA" (2) pachI sAMbhaLavuM te "zravaNa' (3) zAstranA arthanuM grahaNa karavuM te "grahaNa." (4) je dhAryuM hoya te bhUlavuM nahi te "dhAraNA. (5) moha, saMdeha ane viparyAsa rahita jJAna thavuM - jANavuM te "vijJAna." (6) je artha jANyo hoya tene avalaMbIne tevI jAtanA anya arthamAM vyakti thavAthI je vitarka karavo te Uha.' (7) ukti (vacana) ane yuktithI viruddha evA arthathI pratyavAnI saMbhAvanA lAvI nivRtta thavuM te "apoha' (sAmAnyajJAna te uha ane vizeSajJAna te apoha che). (8) vijJAna, Uha ane apohathI zuddha thayela "A Ama ja che' evo nizcaya te 'tattvAbhiniveza'. A ATha guNathI jeNe buddhino utkarSa prApta karyo hoya te kadI paNa akalyANa pAmato nathI. A guNothI samyagdarzanAdi nijasvabhAvano utkarSa thAya che ane tethI cAritravaMta atatvane viSe AgrahavALo hoto nathI. mATe A guNovALo saddharmane grahaNa karavAmAM yogyAdhikArI thAya che. gRhasthadharma (zrAvakanAM bAra vrata) prApta karavA pahelAM samyagdarzana prApta thayeluM hovuM joIe ane te samyagdarzana prApta thayA pachI aNuvrata vagerenuM grahaNa karavuM ghaTita che, anyathA nathI. zrAvakanA 21 guNa - 1. akSudra - udAradila - parAyAM chidra jovAmAM sahaja upekSAvALo. 2. rUpavAn - sArA bAMdhAno. 3. prakRtisaumya - zItaLa svabhAvano. 4. lokapriya (dAnazIlaviyAdi guNathI janapriya). 5. akUra - komaLa hRdayano, 6. bhIru - pApa ne parabhavano Dara rAkhanAro, 7. azaTha - chaLakapaTa rahita, 8. sadAkSiNya - moTAnuM mAna rAkhavAne temanA kahevA mujaba karanAro, 9. lajjALu - lAjamaryAdA rAkhanAra. 10. dayALu, 11. madhyastha saumyadaSTi - niSpakSapAtI, 12. guNarAgI, 13. satyatha - dharmakathA jene priya che. 14. supayukta zIlavaMta kuTuMbasagAMvALo. 15. sudIrghadarzI - lAMbI najaravALo, 16. vizeSajJa - vastunA guNadoSa vizeSa rIte samajanAra, 17. vRddhAnuga - jJAnavRddha vayovRddhane anusaranAra, 18. vinIta - guNI pratye namra, 19. kRtajJa - upakAra na bhUlatAM pratyupakAra karavAnI IcchAvALo, 20.

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246 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto parahitArthakArI - svArtha vagara anyanuM hita karanAro, ane 21. labdhalakSa - caMcaLa ane kAryadakSa. zrAvakanAM 12 vrata 1. sthUla prANAtipAta viramaNa 2. sthUla mRSAvAda viramaNa 3. sthUla adattAdAna viramaNa 4. sthUla abrahmacarya viramaNa 5. sthUla parigaha viramaNa. A pAMca aNuvrata che. A uparAMta traNa guNavrata nAme 6. dizA parimANa vrata 7. bhogopabhoga pramANa, 8. anartha daMDa virati che, ane 4 zikSAvrata nAme 9. sAmAyika, 10. dezAvakAzika, 11. pauSadhopavAsa ane 12. atithi saMvibhAga che. pAMca aNuvrata - zrAvakanAM uparokta pAMca vrata aNu eTale laghu - sAdhunA paMca mahAvratanI apekSAe - gaNAya che. 1. sthUla prANAtipAta viramaNa - sthUla ahiMsA. pramattapaNAnA yogathI prANIno nAza karavo te prANAtipAta che. te sUkSma ane skUla ema be prakAre che. pRthvI vagere sthAvara (ekeMdriya) jIvonI hiMsA te sUkSma prANAtipAta che. hadriya, trIdriya, caturiMdriya ane paMcedriya (e trasa) jIvonI hiMsA te sthUla prANAtipAta che, ane tenAthI dUra rahevuM te A prathama aNuvrata che. sAdhuo sUkSmaprANAtipAtathI dUra rahI zake che eTale ekeMdriya (sthAvara)nI dayA paNa pALI zake che tethI tenA A vratane mahAvrata kahevAmAM Ave che. A aNuvratanA pAMca aticAra (virAdhanA, dezabhaMga) che ke je karavAthI vratano amuka aMze paNa bhaMga thAya cheH (1) baMdha - dorI, rassIthI bAMdhavuM, (2) vadha - tADana karavuM, cAbuka vagerethI mAravuM (3) chaviccheda - kavi eTale cAmaDI teno cheda eTale charI vagerethI kApavuM, (4) atibhArAropaNa - ghaNo bojo prANI upara nAMkhavo, (5) atrapAnanirodha - anna ane pANIno abhAva karavo - na Apavo. A aticAra jenuM aMtaHkaraNa kodha tathA lobhAdi kaSAyamalathI kalaMkita thayeluM hoya che ane prANIonA prANane nAza karavAmAM je apekSA rahita che tene lAge che, paNa je baMdha vagere karavAmAM apekSAsahita eTale Dhora vagerene bAMdhI ghera rAkhavA mATe baMdha vagere kare che tene aticAra lAgatI nathI. 2. sthUla mRSAvAda viramaNa - skUla satya. sthUla eTale moTA asatyano tyAga karavo te. uttama puruSa to sarvadA mRSAvAdano tyAga kare, paNa tema jo na banI zake to pAMca moTAM asatya to na ja bole - teno tyAga kare. te pAMca cUlamRSAvAda A che : (1) kanyAlIka - kanyAsaMbaMdhe jUThuM. tenA saMbaMdhe UlaTasUlaTuM bolI teno bIjA sAthe lagnasaMbaMdha karI Ape ke jethI janmabhara duHkha sahana karavuM paDe. mATe tevuM jUThuM na karavuM. (2) gavAlIka - gAya AdinA saMbaMdhe jUThuM. gAya sArI che, dUdhALI che, 1. sarakhAvo. zrImad bhAgavata. ahiMsA lakSaNo dharmo hyadharmaH prANinAM vadhaH / tasmAddharmAbhilASibhiH kriyate prANinAM dayA / /

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gRhasthadharma ane yatidharma baLada bahu sAro cAle che vagere jUThuM bolI sAro bhAva laI svArtha sAdhavo - vagereno tyAga karavo ghaTe che. (3) bhUkhyalIka - bhUmi saMbaMdhI jUThuM. bIjAnI jamIna potAnI kahevI e temaja ghara, gADI, jhADa vagere sarva parigraha saMbaMdhI jUThuM bolavuM na joIe. (4) nyAsamRSA - (thApaNa mosA) koI potAne tyAM thApaNa mUkI gayo hoya ane eno inakAra karavo e A vratasthane yogya nathI. (5) asatya sAkSI pUravI, Ano paNa tyAga karavo joIe. rahasyAmyAkhyAna nyAsa A vratanA pAMca aticAra che te varjavA H (1) mithyAupadeza - mRSA upadeza asatyano upadeza karavo, viSaya sevavA saMbaMdhe zIkhavavuM vagere. (2) be athavA vadhu ekAMtamAM masalata karatA hoya tene rAjya viruddha prapaMca kahevo. (3) kUTalekhakaraNa - khoTA lekha banAvavA. (4) nyAsApahAra eTale pArake ghera mUkelI thApaNa teno apahAra eTale tene oLavavA mATe inakAra karavo. (A uparokta pAMca sthUla mRSAvAdamAM AvI javAthI ahIM sahasAbhyAkhyAna nAmano aticAra mUkavAmAM Ave che - teno artha e thAya che ke vicAra karyA vagara koInA 52 jUThAM kalaMka - vyabhicArI vagerenAM - devAM). 5. svadAramaMtrabheda eTale potAnI strI, temaja upalakSaNathI mitro, bhAI vageree kahela gupta vAtano bheda bahAra pADavo prakaTa karavI. - svadAra - what 3. sthUla adattAdAna viramaNa - skUla asteya sthUla eTale moTI corIno tyAga karavo - tenAthI aTakavuM te. jevI ke dhADa pADavI, lUMTa karavI, ghara phADI corI karavI, chalakapaTathI ke vizvAsaghAtathI bIjAnI vastu khAI javI, milakatano aparAdha sahita khoTo upayoga karavo ke milakatanI adalAbadalI karavI vagere. - - AnA pAMca aticAra A che : (1) stana prayoga - spena eTale cora ane teno prayoga eTale vyApAra eTale corI karanArane madada karavI. (2) tenAhatAdAna core laI AvelI vastune jANIne levI. (3) viruddha rAjyAtikrama potAnA rAjAthI viruddha rAjyamAM javuM. (4) hInAdhika mAnonmAna - nyUnAdhika kATalAM, mApAM rAkhavAM. (5) pratirUpaka vyavahAra - sArImAM kharAba vastu bheLavI (dUdhamAM pANI, ghImAM chAzAdi ema bheLavI) vyavahAra karavo - vecavI. cauracaurApako maMtrI medataH kANakaH krayI / 247 -- 4. sthUla abrahmacarya viramaNa - svadArasaMtoSa - paradAraparihAra vrata - (sthUla maithunatyAgavrata) - te parastrIno tyAga karavo, parapuruSanI vivAhitA strI tathA paranI rAkhelI strI tenI sAthe anAcAra na sevavo evuM je vrata te A che. svapatnImAM saMtoSa rAkhavAnuM vrata che. 1. cora sAta prakAranA kahyA che. annadaH sthAnadazcaiva cauraH saptavidhaH smRtaH || - cora, corI karAvanAra, corIno vicAra karI goThavaNa karanAra, corInA bhedane jANI tene madada ApanAra, corelI vastune vecanAra tathA lenAra, corane anna ApanAra ane corane e 9 prakAranA cora kahela che. sthAna ApanAra

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248 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto A vratanA pAMca aticAra A che: (1) paravivAhakaraNa - pArakAM chokarAMno vivAha karI Apavo. (2) Itvara aparigrahItAgamana- Itara eTale alpakAla koI puruSe parigrahelI - rAkhelI vezyA sAthe viSayasevana. (3) parigrahItAgamana - paraNyA vagaranI kumArI athavA vidhavA strI aparigRhItA kahevAya che tenI sAthe viSayasevana. (4) anaMgakrIDA - ahIM anaMganA be artha thAya che - aMga eTale dehano avayava, paNa maithunanI apekSAe teno artha yoni ane liMga e be che te sivAyanAM aMga te anaMga kahevAya che tenI sAthe krIDA karavI te, athavA anaMga eTale kAma. tenI athavA te vaDe krIDA eTale potAnA liMga karI jenuM prayojana siddha thatuM nathI tevA puruSe kRtrima liMga utpanna karI yonisevana karavuM te. (5) tIvrakAmAbhilASa - kAma - maithunamAM athavA kAmabhogamAM (zabda ane rUpa e be kAma, tathA gaMdha, rasa ane sparza e bhoga) tIvra abhilASa eTale atyaMta adhyavasAya rAkhavApaNuM arthAt niraMtara viSayasukhane bhogavavAne vAjIkaraNa vagere upacAra karI kAmoddIpana karavuM te. 5. sthUla parigrahapramANa - (sthUla aparigraha) je je vastu gRhasthane upayogI che ane potAnI pAse rAkhavAmAM Ave che tenuM parimANa karI amuka maryAdA sudhInI rAkhavI te A vrata che. Ano hetu sAMsArika vastuo paranI mUccha utAravAno che. te vastuone pAMca rIte vaheMcI zakAya : (1) kSetravAstu - kSetra eTale dhAnyanI utpattinI bhUmi ane vAstu - ghara, gAma, tathA nagara vagere rahevAnAM sthala, (2) hiraNyasuvarNa - sonuMrUpe (3) dhanadhAnya - dhanamAM gaNAya tevuM - gaNima (sopArI vagere), jokhAya tevuM - dharima (goLa vagere), mapAya tevuM - meya (ghI vagere), ane paricchedya (mANeka vagere)no samAveza thAya che, dhAnyamAM sarvajAtanAM dhAnyano samAveza thAya che. (4) dAsIdAsa - AmAM upalakSaNathI bapagAM - cArapagAM prANIno paNa samAveza thAya che. (5) kuSya - Asana, zayana vagere gharanAM upakaraNa, temaja trAMbApittaLa Adi dhAtuono samAveza thAya che. AnA pAMca aticAra uparokta vastuprakAranA parigrahaNapramANano atikrama thatAM thAya che. jemake (1) kSetravAstu pramANatikrama, (2) hiraNyasuvarNa pramANAtikrama (3) dhanadhAnyaprANAtikrama (4) dAsadAsI pramANItikrama ane (5) kuprapramANatikrama che. traNa guNavrata - uparokta pAMca aNuvratane je guNakArI - upakAraka che tenuM nAma guNavrata ApavAmAM Avela che. te traNa che H 1. dikyurimANavrata 2. bhogopabhoga pramANa 3. anarthadaMDavirati. ne te zrAvakanAM bAre vratamAM 6-7 ne 8 saMkhyAvALAM che. 6. dizAparimANa - cAre dizAmAM tathA Urdhva, adhaH - nIce, javAmAM maryAdA karI levI ke ahIM sudhI javuM. AthI atizaya dhana meLavavAnI vagere tRSNA ochI thAya che. ane maryAdita kSetranI bahAra vyabhicArAdi thatAM nathI. AnA pAMca aticAra : (1) Urdhvavyatikrama (2) adhovyatikrama ane (3) tiryaguvyatikrama eTale UMcuM,nIcuM ane tIrachuM kSetra parimANa karI rAkhela hoya tenuM ullaMghana karavuM, (4) kSetravRddhi - eka kSetranI maryAdA bIjA kSetramAM bheLavI te kSetranuM ullaMghana karavuM. (5) smRtibhraMza - smRti WWW.jainelibrary.org

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gRhastha dharma ane yatidharma 249 na rahevAthI eka kSetranI maryAdA je hoya tethI AgaLa javuM ane javAyuM hoya to pachI smRti thatAM pAchuM na vaLavuM te. 7. bhogopabhoga parimANa - khAnapAnanI cIja ke je eka vakhata bhogavavAmAM Ave che tene bhoga kahevAmAM Ave che, ane je vAraMvAra bhogavavAmAM Ave te (dAgInA, vastra vagere) upabhoga kahevAya che. A baMnenuM parimANa bAMdhavuM - jeTaluM jarUranuM hoya teTalA mATe chUTa rAkhI bIjA mATe pratyAkhyAna levuM te - teno tyAga karavo te. Ane mATe 14 niyama karavAmAM AvyA che. vaLI pApamaya - sAvadya 15 jAtanA vepAra che teno tyAga karavo kAraNa ke tethI karmanuM AdAna-Agamana thAya che. Ane 15 karmAdAna kahevAmAM Ave che : (1) aMgArakarma. lAkaDAnA aMgArA - koyalA karI vecavA. (2) vanakarma - vana vecAtuM rAkhI tene kApI kApI vecavuM. (3) zakaTIkarma - gADAM pramukha vAhana rAkhI dhaMdho karavo, (4) bhArI karma - gADAM bhADe rAkhavAM, rakhAvavAM. (5) skoTI karma - TAMkavuM, phoDavuM ke halathI jamIna ukheDavI. (6) daMtavANijya - hAthIdAMtano vepAra karavo, (7) lAkSAvANijya - lAkhano vepAra (8) rasavANijya - madirAdi rasano vepAra (9) kezavANijya - camaranA vALa vagereno vepAra (10) viSavANijya - jherano vepAra, (11) yaMtrapAlana karma - ghANI pramukha pIlavAnAM yaMtro karavAM (12) nilaMchana karma - pazuone DAma daI AMkavAM - aMDachedana vagere, (13) davadAna karma - vanamAM dava saLagAvavo, (14) sarataDAgazoSa karma - sarovara kUvA vagere sUkavavAM, ane (15) asatIpoSaNa karma - vaLI A vratastha 22 abhakSya tyAgavAM joIe ane rAtribhojanano tyAga karavo joIe. 8. anarthadaMDa viramaNa - virati - potAne ke potAnA svajanakuTuMba vAste je pApakAraNa karavuM te arthadaMDa che ane te sivAyanuM anarthadaMDa che ane tenAthI virakta rahevuM te A vrata che. - tenA 4 bheda che : (1) apadhyAna anarthadaMDa (2) pApopadeza anarthadaMDa (3) hiMsapradAna anarthadaMDa (4) pramAdAcarita anarthadaMDa. (1) apadhyAna anarthadaMDanA be bheda che. (a) ArtadhyAna (ba) raudra dhyAna. A be dhyAna apadhyAna - kudhyAna - asadUdhyAna - aprazasta dhyAna che. te dareka laIe. 1. 22 abhakSya = vaDa, pIpara, pilakhaNa, uduMbara, gulara e pAMcanAM phaLa, madirA, mAMsa, madha, mAkhaNa, barapha, aphINa pramukha viSavastu, karA, sarva jAtanI kAcI mATI, rAtribhojana, bahu bIjavALAM phaLa, saMdhAna athANAM (3 divasa uparAMtanAM), dvidala dhAnya, rIMgaNAM, tuccha phala (jAMbu pIlu vagere), ajAyuM phala, calitarasa (je vastuno kAla pUro thayo hoya ne svAda badalAI gayo hoya tevAM saDelAM phala vagere) ane 32 jAtanI anaMtakAya (kaMda vagere). sarakhAvo zrImad bhAgavata __ madyamAMsa madhutyAgI tyaktoduMbarapaMcakaH / nizAhAra parityakta etad brAhmaNalakSaNaM / / vaLI mahAbhAratamAM kahyuM che ke : maghamasAzanaM rAtrI monane pakSai | ye kurvanti vRthA teSAM tIrthayAtrA japastapaH / /

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250 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto ArtadhyAna-te cAra prakAranAM che : (8ta eTale pIDA, temAMthI utpanna thayela te Arta) (ka) aniSTa saMyoga - potAnAM svajana, dhana, zarIra teno nAza karanAra agni, jala, viSa, zastra, sarpa, siMha, duSTajana vairI Adi aniSTa padArthonA saMyogathI je kharAba ciMtavanA thAya te. (kha) ISTa viyogaja - rAjya, aizvarya, strI, kuTuMba, mitra, bhoga, AdinA nAza ke viyoga vakhate tathA cittane prIti upajAvanAra suMdara IdriyaviSayonA abhAva ke viyoga vakhate je trAsa, pIDA, bhrama, zoka, mohanA kAraNe niraMtara khedarUpa thAya che e A prakAranuM ArtadhyAna che ane te dhyAna pApasthAna che. (ga) rogapIDA ciMtavana - (roganidAna) vAtapittakaphanA prakopathI utpanna thayela zarIranA rogothI je vyAkulatA thAya che te. (gha) agra zauca - AgaLa jatAM amuka bhAva Ave to lAbha thAya, huM chokarAonA vivAha karIza ane mane lokamAM mAna-moTAI maLaze ema bhaviSyanA agAuthI vicAra karavA te. athavA bhogA - A nAma paNa Apela che. teno artha e thAya che ke amuka bhoga, suMdara strI, aizvarya, vagere AnaMdarUpa vastuo mane kema maLe e prakAranuM ciMtavana. A dhyAna saMsAranI paripATIthI thatuM AvyuM che ane saMsAranuM kAraNa che. AzAmAM ja khUtelA prANIo DUkhyA che. A ArtadhyAna pAMcamA guNasthAna (zrAvaka) sudhI cAre prakAre rahe che, ane chaThThA guNasthAna (sarvavirati - pramatta guNasthAna) sudhI pahelA traNa thAya che. raudra dhyAna paNa 4 prakAranuM che : rudra eTale kUra AzayavALo bhAva. te rIdra. | (ka) hiMsAnaMda - jemAM jIvane potAnAthI agara anya dvArA mAravAmAM, pIDavAmAM tathA teno nAza karavAmAM agara ghAtano saMbaMdha meLavavAmAM harSa mAnavAmAM Ave che. (kha) mRSAnaMda - je manuSya asatya jUThI kalpanAnA samUhathI pAparUpI mela vaDe malinacitta thaI je kaMI ceSTA kare tene A raudradhyAna thAya che. jUThuM bolI chalakapaTa karI khuzI thavuM te. (ga) cauryAnanda - corInAM kAryomAM upadeza Apavo, temAM caturatA vAparavI, ane tatparacitta thavuM te, temAM AnaMda mAnavo ane bIjA corI kare temAM harSa mAnavo te. (gha) viSayasaMrakSaNa (saMrakSaNAnaMda) - AraMbha parigrahonI rakSA arthe udyama karavo. ane temAM saMkalpanI paraMparA vistAravI, kRpaNa banI vAvaravuM nahi ne sAcavI rAkhavuM, e A dhyAnamAM samAI jAya che. A raudradhyAna pradhAnatAthI mithyAtvathI thAya che, paraMtu gRhasthane sakhyatva hovAthI tenA pAMcamA guNasthAnamAM AvuM raudra pariNAma na thAya, paNa koI gRhakAryanA saMskArathI kiMcit lezamAtra thaI jAya che tethI ahIM tenuM varNana karela che. A dhyAna kRSNalezyAthI yukta che. ane paMcama guNasthAnaparyata che. ukta ArtadhyAna ane raudradhyAna kSAyopathamika bhAva che. teno kAla aMtarmuhUrta che. ane koI vakhata pUrvakarmathI munine paNa thAya che. banne saMsAranAM kAraNa che.

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gRhastha dharma ane yatidharma 251 (2) pApIpadeza anarthadaMDa - bIjAne niprayojana pApa baMdhAya tevAM kAma karavA upadeza Apavo. (3) hiMapradAna - hiMsA jethI thAya evAM zastraastra mAgyA vagara ApavAM te. (4) pramAdAcarita - pramAdathI kUthalI kare. jevI rIte rAjyakathA, dezakathA, strIkathA, bhakta (bhojana) kathA ke jethI kAMIpaNa dharmaprayojana sare nahi. A cAre kathAne ayogya kathA eTale "vikathA' kahela che. divase sUI jAya, game tema hAsya-mazkarImAM vakhata gALavo vagere pramAdAcaraNa che. A vratamAM pAMca aticAra : (1) kaMdarpaceSTA - kAma, agara tenA heturUpa vANIno prayoga athavA moha jagAve evuM vacana, karma (2) kauTucya - mukhavikAra, bhUvikAra, netravikAra vagere hAsyane utpanna karanAra viDaMbanAdi kriyA (3) mukhari vacana - bhAMDa, kutUhalI lokanI peThe mukharIpaNuM - lavArI karavI, nirlajja - asaMbaddha vacana bolavAM, marma kholavAM vagere. (4) asamIkSyAdhikaraNa - vicAra karyA vagara - nimprayojana ukhalanI sAthe muzala, halanI sAthe phAlA, gADI sAthe dhoMsara, dhanuSanI sAthe tIra evAM pApanAM adhikaraNa rAkhavAM te. kAraNake te bIjA mAgIne laI jAya tethI te hiMnnapradAna anarthadaMDa thAya che. (5) bhogopabhogAdhikatva - bhoga ane upabhoga (juo teno artha 9mA aNuvratamAM) - snAna, pAna, bhojana, tAMbUla vagere vadhu rAkhavAM te - joIe te karatAM vadhu rAkhavAM te. cAra zikSAvrata (1) sAmAyika vrata (sama = samatA + Aya = lAbha) jemAM samatAno lAbha thAya che. (2) dezAvakAzika (daza = vibhAgamAM + avakAza = aMtara) (3) poSadhopavAsa (4) atithi saMvibhAga e cAra zikSAvrata che eTale zikSA arthAt sAdhudharmAbhyAsa tene ApanAra che. - tenAM sthAna che. bAra vratamAM Ane 9-10-11 ane 12mAM gaNavAmAM Avela che. 9. sAmAyika vrata - sAvadyayogano tyAga ane niravadyayoganuM AcaraNa karavArUpa A vrata che. sAmAnya rIte A be ghaDInuM chetemAM samatAyukta rahe, zAstrAbhyAsa kare, athavA be vakhata pratikramaNa' (eka Avazyaka kriyAvizeSa) kare ane temAM je je pApa lAgyo hoya tene Aloce - pazcAttApa karI na karavAno nizcaya kare. pAMca aticAra (1-3) mana, vacana, ane kAyAnA yoganuM du:praNidhAna eTale pApamArge pravartavuM eTale manodupraNidhAna, vacana dupraNidhAna ane kAyadupraNidhAna, (4) anAdara - prabaLa pramAdathI jema tema A vrata karavuM. (5) smRtinAza eTale sAmAyika karavAnA avasaranI smRtino nAza thAya vagere. 10. dezAvakAzika vrata - cAre dizAnI maryAdA karavI te chaThThI dizAparimANa vratamAM kahela che ane temAM paNa saMkoca karavo e A vratano hetu che. bAra vratamAM paNa, cauda niyamamAM paNa saMkoca karavo te. AthI bAhya AraMbhAdikano tyAga thAya che. A vratamAM pratidina paccakhANa (pratyAkhAna) karavAnA che ke "Aje mAre ATalA yojana sudhI javAya, bAkInuM paccakhANa' vagere. 11. poSadhopavAsa - (poSa = guNanI puSTi tene dha = dhAraNa kare te poSadha

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2para jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto eTale AThama, caudaza vagere parva divaso, tene viSe upa = sAthe nivRtti pAmyA che doSa jenA evA puruSane AhArano tyAga karavo vagere guNonI sAthe nivAsa karavo te upavAsa kahevAya che.) doSathI nivRtta thaI guNonI sAthe sArI rIte rahevuM te upavAsa kahevAya che, guNa vinA mAtra zarIranuM zoSaNa karavuM te upavAsa kahevAto nathI. poSadhamAM upavAsa te poSadhopavAsa kahevAya che. Ane prAkRta bhASAmAM poha' kahe che. 12. atithisaMvibhAga - atithi eTale sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka ane zrAvikA je ghera Ave tyAre bhaktithI temanI sAme UbhA thavuM, Asana ApavuM, paga dhovA ane namaskAra karavo vagerethI temanI pUjA karI potAnI samRddhinI zakti pramANe atra, pAna, vastra, auSadha ane sthAna vagere ApavAM te atithisaMvibhAga. A pramANe niraticArapaNe samyakatva ane ukta bAre vrata pALavA te gRhasthano vizeSa dharma che. aticAra kliSTa evA mithyAtvAdi karmanA udayathI thAya che. mATe samyaktva temaja ukta bAra vrata zAstravihita anuSThAna vaDe karavAthI aticArano jaya thAya che, mATe e vihitAnuSThAnamAM prayatna karavo ane sapta vyasanano tyAga karavo joIe. te sama vyasana - dhuta, mAMsabhakSaNa, madyapAna, vezyAramaNa, zikAra, corI ane parastrIgamana. gRhasthadharmamAM ucita SaTkarma, ekAdaza pratimA paNa kahela che. Sakarma te devapUjA, gurusevA, svAdhyAya (vAcana, manana, nididhyAsa), saMyama (Idriyadamana), tapa, ane dAna che.' 11 pratimA - pratimAno artha ahIM abhigraha eTale niyamavizeSa che. (1) darzanapratimA - samyakatvane tenA AgAra (chUTa) sahita bhaya, lobha Adi doSa vagara pALavuM ne trikALa devapUjA karavI. (2) vratapratimA - pAMca aNuvrata vidhinA vagara - akhaMDita pALavAM. (3) sAmAyikapratimA - savAra ne sAMja be ghaDI eka Asanastha rahI sAmAyika kriyA karavI. (4) pauSadhapratimA - cAra parva tithie (2 AThama, 2 pUrNimA,) akhaMDita ne paripUrNa pauSadha karavo, (5) kAyotsarga (kAusagga) pratimA - rAtrIe cAra jAtanAM AhAra tajI, divase brahmacarya pALI cAre parvatithie rAtre kAusagna karI dhyAnamAM rahevuM. (6) brahmacaryapratimA - niraticAra brahmacarya pALavuM. (7) sacitta parihAra pratimA - sacitta (sajIva) vastuo varjavI. (8) AraMbhaparihAra pratimA - kAMIpaNa AraMbha na karavo, hiMsA thAya tevI kriyA na karavI. (9) preSaNa parihAra pratimA - anya pAse - nokarAdi pAse AraMbha rUpa kriyA na karAvavI. (10) udiSTa parihAra pratimA - muMDana karAvavuM - yA zikhA ja rAkhavI, sarva gRhakRtya tajavuM, koI pUche to kahevuM, ane potAnA arthe karela AhAra paNa tajavo. (11) zramaNabhUta pratimA - gRha tajI muniveza rAkhI bhikSA para rahevuM ane dharmarata thavuM te. A dareka 1. devapUjA gurUpAstiH svAdhyAyaH saMyamastapaH dAnaM ceti gRhasthAnAM SaTkarmANi dine dine brAhmaNomAM vidaparaMparA anusaranArA mATe paNa SaTkarma kahela che.

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gRhasthadharma ane yatidharma 253 pratimAmAM caDatI pratimAmAM tethI UtaratI badhI pratimA sAcavavAnI che. te darekanI mudata anukrame pahelI 1 mAsa, bIjI 2 mAsa, ema chellI 11 mAsa sudhI che. Ama karanAra pratimadhArI zrAvaka kahevAya che. chellI pratimA karyA pachI pUrNabhAva thAya to dIkSA levI, munivrata svIkAravuM ghaTe che. yatidharma upara pramANe dezavirati - zrAvaka gRhasthAzramane vidhipUrvaka sevato cAritramohanIya rUpa pApakarmathI mukAya che - mukta thAya che, ane tyAra pachI yatidharma svIkAravAnI yogyatA pAmI pravrajyA (pra = prakRSTapaNe zuddha evA cAritrayogane vajana eTale gamana karavuM eTale "dakSA) grahaNa kare che. vrajyAne yogya thavA mATenAM lakSaNo (1) Aryadezotpanna (2) viziSTa jAtikulavALo (3) karmamala prAyaH kSINa thayelA che evo, (4) vimalabuddhi (pa) A manuSyajanma durlabha che, janma ke maraNanuM nimitta che, lakSmI capala che, viSayo duHkhanA hetu che, saMyogamAM viyoga rahela che, pratikSaNa maraNa thayA kare che, karmanAM phala dAruNa che e pramANe saMsAranuM nirguNapaNuM jeNe jANeluM che te. (6) tethI saMsArathI virakta (7) ochA kaSAyavALo (8) alpa hAsyAdi karanAra (9) kRtajJa (10) vinIta (11) dIkSA lIdhA pahelAM paNa rAjA, maMtrI ke paurajanoe mAnya karela (12) koImAM droha nahi karanAra, (13) kalyANAMga (14) zraddhALu (15) sthira (16) AtmasamarpaNa karavA guru zaraNe Avela - dIkSAne yogya che. kevA guru pAse dIkSA levI ? (1) vidhipUrvaka dIkSA jeNe lIdhelI che te, (2) gurukula jeNe sArI rIte sevyuM che te, (3) akhkhalita zIla pALanAra, (4) sArI rIte AgamanuM adhyayana jeNe karyuM che te (5) tethI ati zuddha bodhathI tattvane jANanAra, (6) upazAMta (7) pravacanavatsala (8) sattva mAtranA hitamAM rata, (9) jenuM vacana svIkArya che te (10) guNIne anusaranAra (11) gaMbhIra (12) aviSAdI, (13) upazama, labdhi Adi guNoe sahita (14) pravacana (Agama)nA arthano vaktA (15) svagurue jene gurupada Apela che te. A uparAMta dIkSAno Icchaka ziSya nIcenA guNavALo na hovo joIe : (1) bAlaka (8 varSano) (2) vRddha (3) napuMsaka (4) klIba (5) jaDa (6) rogI (7) cora, (8) rAjAno apakAra karanAra (9) unmatta (10) aMdha (11) dAsa (12) kuSThI (13) mUDha (14) karajadAra (15) jAtikarma ane zarIrathI dUSita (16) kAMIpaNa svArthathI baMdhAyelo (17) amuka dravyanA TharAvathI rAkhelo cAkara ane (18) mAtapitAdikanI rajA vagara AvanAra. A pramANe ziSya pote dIkSA levAne yogya hoya ane yogya guru pAse vidhithI dikSA laI yatidharma svIkAre te yati kahevAya che. emanAM 5 mahAvrata, 60 yatidharma vagere sadgurutatvamAM samajAvelo che, ainelibrary.org For Private & Personale Only

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vibhAga-4 : prakIrNa jainomAM bhedo (Ecclesiastical History) jainomAM be bheda che : zvetAMbara ane digaMbara. zvetAMbara sAdhunAM rajoharaNa, mukhavastrikA, Adi liMga che, ane temano veSa colapaTTAdi che. paMcamiti ane traNa gupti e temano AcAra che. ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, akiMcanatva, krodhAdi jaya AdithI yukta ane dAMteMdriya evo je nigraMtha te guru manAya che, mAdhukarI vRttithI (jema madhukara - bhramara judAjudA phUlamAMthI thoDuMthoDuM le che tema), navakoTi vizuddha (mana, vacana ane kAyAthI karavuM nahi (3), karAvavuM nahi e (3), ane anumodavuM nahi e (3) kula 9 rIte) evo temano nitya AhAra che. saMyamanA nirvAhane arthe ja vastrapAtrAdi dhAraNa kare che. (temanAM vastra mukhyatve zveta hovAthI zvetAMbara kahevAya che. zveta sapheda + aMbara lUgaDAM - vastra jene che te). koI vaMdanA kare tyAre dharmalAbha' ema kahe che. AmAM devanI pratimAne vastra Adi caDAvavAmAM Ave che ane cakSuo mUkavAmAM Ave che. = = = digaMbara (dik = dizA + aMba2 eTale vastra eTale jenAM vastra dizArUpa che - nagna che te) - digaMbara sAdhunuM nagnatA e ja liMga che, hAtha e ja pAtra che. temanA cAra bheda che H kASThAsaMgha, mUlasaMgha, mAthurasaMgha ane gopyasaMgha. kASThAsaMghamAM camarInA vALanI pIMchI, mUlasaMghamAM ane gopyasaMghamAM moranAM pIchAMnI pIMchI rAkhe che jyAre mAthurasaMghamAM mULathI ja pIchIno rivAja nathI. ukta cAramAMnA prathamanA traNa saMgha vaMdanA svIkAratAM 'dharmavRddhi' kahe che, ane gopyasaMgha zvetAMbara sAdhunI peThe "dharmalAbha' kahe che; vaLI prathamanA traNa saMgha strIonI mukti, kevalI (kevalajJAnI sadehIsarvajJa)nuM AhAragrahaNa - bhukti, sacIvara - vastravALo sAdhu vratI hovA chatAM paNa tenI mukti svIkAratA nathI, jyAre gopya strIonI mukti ane kevalInI bhukti mAne che (zvetAMbaro paNa strIonI mukti che ane kaivalI kavalAhAra (eka koLiyo AhAra) kare che ema mAne che, ane vastra che te saMyamanA upakaraNa arthe ja tenA jeTalAM ja svIkAre che). e sarva - cAre saMghane bhikSATanamAM ne bhojanamAM batrIsa aMtarAya ane cauda mata varjya che. AmAM devanI pratimA nagna hoya che ane vastrAdi caDatAM nathI. bAkI bIjA badhA AcAra guru, ane deva e sarva zvetAMbaronA jevuM ja che. temanA zAstramAM tarkamAM koI phera nathI. zvetAMbara ane digaMbaro baMne covIsa tIrthaMkarone mAne che, ane padravya, be pramANa, saptabhaMgI, naya, navatattva, syAdvAda, gRhasthadharma ane sAdhudharma, samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrathI mokSa, mUrtipUjA Adi baMne sarakhI rIte svIkAre che. zvetAMbaramAM devanI mUrtimAM kaccha (laMgoTa)nuM cihna rahe che, jyAre digaMbaromAM mUrtti vasrarahita nagna rahe che. paraMtu baMnenI padmAsanastha hoya che. dhArmika sAhityanA saMbaMdhamAM aMga, upAMganAM nAma baMne pakSa sarakhAM mAne che, paraMtu digaMbara te mUla Agamo vicchinna thayAM che ema mAnI AdipurANa Adi judA graMthono svIkAra kare che, jyAre

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jainomAM bhedo (Ecclesiastical History) zvetAMbara bAre aMgomAMthI prathamanAM agiyAra aMga vidyamAna mAne che ane te badhAM hAla mojUda che, ane bAramA dRSTivAda aMgane vicchinna - lupta mAne che. Ama keTalIka kriyA vibhAgamAM ane mAnyatAmAM nAmano bheda che, bAkI baMne tAttvika vAtomAM ekatA dharAve che. baMneno kAlanirNaya karavo e vivAdamAM paDavA jevuM che, temaja hajI bahu cokkasa nirNaya para AvI zakAya tevAM sAdhano upalabdha thayAM nathI. zvetAMbaromAM judAjudA bheda paDyA tene 'gaccha' nAma ApavAmAM Avela che. AvA gacchonI saMkhyA (84) corAzInI kahevAmAM Ave che, paNa temAM mukhya ApaNe joIzuM. ane tenI utpatti jotAM jaNAze ke tAttvika bAbata temaja mULathI paraMparAe cAlyA AvelA maMtavyamAM kaMIpaNa pheraphAra thayA vagara mAtra amuka kAraNa (tapovizeSa Adi)thI gaccha nAma paDela che; chatAM kALaparatve gacchabhedanA jhaghaDA nAnInAnI samAcArI - kriyAmAM nAnAnAnA pheraphArane aMge thayelA che ema samajAya che. 255 mULanAma nigraMtha hatuM tyArapachI koTika gaccha e bIjuM nAma. zrIman mahAvI2 (24mA tIrthaMkara)nI 9mI (11mI ?) pATe thayela susthita AcAryanuM bIjuM nAma koTika hatuM te parathI paDyuM. vIrAt 313 varSanI pUrve. tyArapachI caMdragaccha e trIjuM nAma 15mI (18mI ?) pATe thayela caMdrasUrinA nAma parathI paDyuM (vIrAt 584 varSe lagabhaga eTale I.sa.57mAM) ane vanavAsI nAmanuM cothuM nAma, te ja caMdrasUri pachI tenI ja pATe Avela samaMtabhadra AcArya pote vanavAsI hovAthI paDyuM. pAMcamuM bRhad (athavA vaDa gaccha) e nAma vIrAt 1464 eTale saMvat 994mAM (I.sa. 938mAM) sarvadevasUrine athavA te sahita ATha sUrane udyotanasUrie arbudAcala (Abu parvata) para Avela TelI grAmamAM moTA vaDa nIce dIkSA ApI te parathI paDyuM. Ama pAMca nAma ekanAM paDyAM tyAM sudhI kriyA Adi koIpaNa vAtamAM ekabIjAne taphAvata ke bheda hato nahi. ukta udyotanasUrinA ziSyothI 84 gacchanI utpatti thaI. A 84 gacchamAM tAttvika bheda nathI, temAM hAla badhA vidyamAna paNa nathI. moTe bhAge tapA, tyArapachI kharatara, aMcala, punamIA e jovAmAM Ave che. gujarAta kAThiyAvADamAM mukhya bhAga tapA che, kacchamAM moTA bhAge aMcalagaccha che. vikrama 11mA zatakamAM keTalAka jaina sAdhuo caitya eTale jinamaMdiramAM rahI zithilAcArI thayA hatA; te caityavAsI sAdhuono parAbhava gurjara dezamAM aNahilapuranA rAjA durlabhanI rAjasabhAmAM sarasvatI bhAMDAgAramAMthI dazavaikAlikasUtra nAmanuM prasiddha jaina prAcIna sUtra lAvI temAMnA sAdhunA AcAra viSaya paranI gAthAo vAMcI samajAvI jinezvara nAmanA sUrie karyo tethI te sUrie ukta rAjA pAsethI kharatara' (je kriyAmAM vizeSa prakhara che te) e nAmanuM biruda meLavyuM, ane tyAra pachI jinadattasUrinA vakhatamAM kharatara gacchanI vadhu prasiddhi thaI (saM. 1200-1209). te jinadattasUrie 'saMghapaTTaka'

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jaina ane bauddha matta : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto nAme prasiddha graMtha banAvIne zuddhAcAranI prarUpaNA karI caityavAsIonI temAM barAbara khabara lIdhI che. 256 saM.1213mAM aMcalagacchanI sthApanA thaI. temAM aMcala eTale lUgaDuM mukhavastrikA mATe vAparI zakAya evuM maMtavya che. Ane 'vidhipakSa' paNa kahe che. saM. 1236mAM paurNamIya (punamIA) gacchanI utpatti narasiMhasUrithI thaI. saMvat 1285mAM yAvajjIva AcAmla (AMbelavrata)nuM tapa karI 12 (bAra) varSa pachI jagacaMdrasUrie 'tapA' e biruda prApta karyuM. tyArathI tapAgaccha e (uparokta pAMca nAma pachI chaThThuM nAma) paDyuM. saM. 1508 loMkA nAmanA gRhastha lahiyAe mUrtipUjAno niSedha karyo ane tyArapachI DhUMDhaka - 'sthAnakavAsI'no saMpradAya thayo ke je mUrtipUjAno niSedha kare che, 32 sUtra mAtra mAne che, mukhavastrikA (muhapatti) tenA sAdhuo hamezAM moDhe bAMdhI rAkhe che. terApaMthI matanI utpatti : bhIkhujI / bhIkhaNajI jodhapura maMDalamAM kaMTAliyA gAmanA osavAlavaMzI sakalecA parivAramAM thayA. bahujI pitA, dIpAMbAI mAtA, janma saM.1783 asADa suda 3. dIkSA saM.1808 mAgazara vada 12 raghunAthajI pAse. saM.1817 caitra suda 9nA roja vicArabhedane kAraNe cA2 sAthIone sAthe laI emanAthI chUTA thayA. saM.1817 asADa suda 15nA roja 12 sAthIo sAthe kelavAmAM navIna dIkSA lIdhI ane e saMpradAyane terApaMthI nAma maLyuM. emaNe eka AcArya, eka samAcArI ane eka vicAravALuM sudRDha anuzAsana UbhuM karyuM. ahiMsA, dAna, dayA vagerenI emaNe karelI navIna vyAkhyAne kAraNe emane ghaNo virodha sahana karavo paDelo. svargavAsa saM. 1860 bhAdaravA suda 13 siriyAImAM thayo. tIrtha jenAthI tarI zakAya te tIrtha. te be jAtanAM che. sthAvara ane jaMgama. sthAvara eTale eka sthaLe sthAyI hoya te - tIrthabhUmio che. temAM mukhya zetruMjaya (pAlItANA - kAThiyAvADa) parvata che. AnuM mAhAtmya ghaNuM che. tenAM siddhAcala, puMDarIka vagere ghaNAM nAmo che ane tyAM asaMkhya nirvANa pAmyAnuM kahevAya che. te sivAya sametazikhara (kalakattA - baIvAna pAse) nAmanI TekarI che ke jyAM jainanA vartamAna 24 tIrthaMkaro paikI 20 tIrthaMkaro mokSa pAmyA che. Ane pArasanAtha hila' aMgrejo vagere kahe che. pAvApurI (rAjagRhI pAse) che ke jyAM chellA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra svAmI mokSa pAmyA che. giranAra (jUnAgaDha - kAThiyAvADa) parvata ke jyAM 22mA neminAtha tIrthaMkare nirvANapada meLavela che. tenAM bIjAM nAma revatAcala, ujjayaMta che. bIjAM paNa ghaNAM tIrtho che jevAM ke Abu parvata ke jyAM vimaLa maMtrIe saM.1088mAM bhavya ane apUrva - kAmanA namUnArUpa ArasanAM derAsaro (devAzrayo) baMdhAvyAM che, ane tene delavADAnAM derAM - 'dilavArA Tempala' kahe che. tathA tAraMgAjI (kherAlu ane vareThAnI pAse) pahADa. jaMgama tIrthamAM grAmAnugrAma vicaratA sAdhuo che.

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jaina vastI / buddha ane mahAvIra 257 jaina vastI sane 1911nA vastIpatramAM kula samagra jainonI vastI hiMdustAnamAM 12, 48, 182 gaNAyelI che. te mukhya bhAge gujarAta, kAThiyAvADa, mAravADamAM vaheMcAyelI che. AmAM zvetAMbara, digaMbara ane sthAnakavAsI (TUMDhIA)no samAveza thAya che. sAdhuo - saMsAratyAgI digaMbaramAM jUja che kAraNake teomAM nagnAvasthAmAM ja sAdhuone rahevuM paDe che. paraMtu te A kAle du:zakya ja che. zvetAMbaromAM sAdhusAdhvIonI kula saMkhyA 500 pAMcaso upara haze ane sthAnakavAsImAM lagabhaga 300 haze. vikrama saMvatuM 17mA saikAmAM TUMDhaka sAdhuo ke je zvetavastra rAkhe che tenAthI alaga oLakhAvA mATe pItavastrano aMgIkAra satyavijayajI Adie karyo hato ane "saMvegI' e pada sAdhuone ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM, ane tethI keTalAka pItavastrano upayoga zvetAMbara sAdhumAM kare che. A sivAya zithilAcArI thaI gayelA ane tethI vaidaka, jayotiSa, Adi karatA dhatio paNa ghaNA che - Ane "jati kahevAmAM Ave che. (I.sa. 1991nI vastIgaNatarI anusAra bhAratamAM jaina dharma pALanArAonI vastI 3352706 che je bhAratanI kula vastInA 40 TakA che. gujarAtamAM jenonI vasatI 491331 che je gujarAtanI kula vastInA 1.19 TakA che. (saMdarbha : 1. "Census of India 1991, series I INDIA, Paper I of 1995 - Religion" 2. "Census of India 1991, Series-7 Gujarat, Part IV B (11) Religion (Table c-9)) zrI samagra jaina cAturmAsa sUcI 1993mAM darzAvelA AMkaDA pramANe bhAratanA samagra jaina saMpradAyonAM sAdhu-sAdhvIonI saMkhyA A pramANe che : saMpradAya , sAdhu sAdhvI TakA 1. zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka 1351 5184 6pa35 2. zvetAMbara sthAnakavAsI pa1) 2387 2897 3. zvetAMbara terApaMthI 140 548 685 4. digaMbara samudAya 265 210 475 2273 329 10602 100 e rIte atyAre bhAratanA samagra jaina sAdhu-sAdhvIonI saMkhyA Azare 110OOnI kahI zakAya.] buddha ane mahAvIra A baMnenA caritramAM keTalIka samAnatAo maLI Ave che. (1) baMnee saMsAratyAga karI vairAgyamaya jIvana gALyuM. (2) baMnenAM keTalAMka sagAMnAM nAma lagabhaga sarakhAM hatAM. mahAvIranI strInuM yazodA ane buddhanI strInuM nAma yazodharA hatuM. mahAvIranA moTA bhAInuM nAma naMdivarbana hatuM. buddhanA sAvakA bhAInuM nAma naMda hatuM. maghavIranA pitAnuM nAma siddhArtha hatuM jyAre buddhanuM potAnuM aparanAma siddhArtha hatuM. 6,2

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258 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto A uparathI anumAna je nIkaLI zake te e ja ke tevAM nAmo bahu ja pracalita hatAM. mahAvIranA mukhya ziSya gaNadharanuM nAma gautama idrabhUti hatuM jyAre buddhanuM nAma gautama buddha hatuM te paNa e ja vAta batAvI Ape che. (3) baMne kSatrI hatA, chatAM pratispardhI hatA, ane brAhmaNonA paNa pratispardhI baMne hatA. kAraNake brAhmaNonuM e maMtavya hatuM - balle teo sagarva jaNAvatA ke kSatriyo brahmarSi thaI na zake ane teo saMnyAsa le to tene "miththA saMnyAsIo' kahetA. AvI samAnatAthI ema nathI dhAravAnuM ke baMne eka ja vyakti hatA, te baMnenAM jIvana tapAsatAM ghaNI rIte bhinnatAo paNa jovAmAM Ave che. jemake (1) buddhanI janmabhUmi kapilavastu, tyAre mahAvIranI vaizAlI pAsenA kuMDagrAmamAM hatI. (2) buddhanA janma pachI temanI mAtAnuM mRtyu thayuM hatuM. mahAvIranAM mAbApa temane 28 varSa sudhI jovA bhAgyazALI nIvaDyAM hatAM. (3) buddhe potAnA pitAnI jiMdagI daramyAna ane temanI icchA viruddha dIkSA lIdhI, jyAre mahAvIre mAtapitAnA mRtyu pachI 31 varSanI vaye potAnA vaDIla bhAInI saMmati laIne saMsAratyAga karyo. (4) buddha 6 varSa tapazcaryA karI pachI tene niSphaLa mAnI choDI dIdhI, jyAre mahAvIre 12 varSa tapazcaryA AdarI tene saphala mAnI ane tIrthaMkara thayA pachI paNa keTalIka karI. (5) buddhanA pratispardhIomAMthI koIpaNa, jevI rIte mahAvIranI sAme gozAla makhkhaliputra thayo hato tema, temanI sAme thayo nahoto. (6) buddhanA badhA ziSyo mahAvIranA ziSyo karatAM judA ja hatA ane nAma paNa judAM ja dharAvatA hatA. (7) buddha kuzinagaramAM nirvANa pAmyA jyAre mahAvIra pAvApurImAM mokSa pAmyA. bauddhanI jaina eka zAkhA che ? nahi. keTalAka (lesana Adi) baMne dharma vacce ja samAnatAo rajU karI evA anumAna para Ave che teno radiyo DaoNkTara yAkaoNbI yogya rIte nIce pramANe Ape che : (1) bauddhanA buddhanA ane jainanA tIrthaMkaranAM sarakhAM nAma che : jina, aha, mahAvIra, sarvajJa, sugata, tathAgata, siddha, buddha, saMbuddha, parinivRtta, mukta vagere. AnA saMbaMdhamAM DaoN. yAkobI kahe che ke jina e zabda sivAya A nAmomAMthI eka bhAga bauddho ane bIjo bhAga jeno pasaMda kare che. udAharaNa tarIke buddha, tathAgata, sugata ane saMbuddha e zAkyamuni (gautama buddha)nAM sAmAnya nAma che, jyAre mahAvIranA saMbaMdhe virala ja kvacita ja vaparAya che, ane sAmAnya rIte vIra, mahAvIra ne vardhamAnanAM haMmeza sAmAnya rIte vaparAtAM nAmo temane mATe jovAmAM Ave che. vaLI tIrthakara e nAma mahAvIranA saMbaMdhe tathA bIjA saMbaMdhe jenamAM khAsa pAribhASika vaparAya che te bauddhamAM che ja nahi. A parathI eke bIjAmAMthI grahaNa karyuM evuM bilakula pratipAdita thatuM nathI. je je mAnasUcaka nAmo che tene tenI yogyatA pramANe - amuka tenI dhArmika ghaTanAnA anvaye vaparAya che. tIrthaMkara e jenamAM tIrthapravartaka - dharmapravartaka tarIke tenA mUla - vyutpatyarthamAM che, jyAre bauddha jenI sAme viruddhatA batAvavI teno ane tIrthika' e zabdano artha nAstika mAnA guru tarIke kare che. jyAre jainamAM buddha e mukta

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bauddhanI jaina eka zAkhA che? nahi. 259 jIvanA arthamAM vaparAto hato. ane haju paNa vaparAya che, tyAre bauddhamAM te tenA sthApakanuM vizeSa nAma che. A parathI eTaluM ja jaNAya che ke bauddhoe potAnI AvI paribhASA yojI, tyAre teo jainonA pratispardhIo hatA. (2) baMne potAnA sthApakane je nAzavaMta manuSya che tene deva tarIke mUrti karI pUje che. A dalIlamAM kaMI vajUda nathI. A dharmonI mAphaka badhA dharmo potapotAnA saMto - mahAtmAonI mUrtipUjA kare che te parathI eka bIjAnuM grahaNa karyuM che - eka bIjAnI zAkhA che ema na kahI zakAya. UlaTuM buddhanA vicAramAM mUrtipUjA karavI evuM kaMIpaNa pharamAna ke upadeza nathI chatAM mUrtipUjA thAya che, jyAre mahAvIranA vacanathI tenI tema pUjA karavAmAM viruddhatA nathI. (3) ahiMsA para baMne bahu ja bhAra mUke che. mahAvIra ane buddha baMne thayA pahelAM brAhmaNa saMnyAsIo vidyamAna hatA; teonA AcAramAM paNa ahiMsAne sthAna hatuM ja. to te parathI eka bIjA pAsethI ahiMsAno siddhAMta grahaNa karyo hoya tevuM nathI. (4) baMne dharmo kAlanAM parimANo atizayoktivALAM bAMdhe che. A javAbamAM DaoNkTara yAkaoNbI kahe che ke jaino bauddha karatAM kAlanuM svarUpa vizAla jaNAvavAmAM caDI jAya che te vAta kharI che, paraMtu bauddhanA saMbaMdhe nahi, paNa brAhmaNonA saMbaMdhe paNa tevuM ja mAlUma paDe che. jaina avasarpiNI, utsarpiNI ane te darekanA cha ArA (Araka) mAne che, bauddha 4 mahAkalpa ane 80 alpakalpa mAne che, jyAre brAhmaNo yugo ane brahmAnA kalpo svIkAre che. ahIM yAkaoNbI mahAzayano evo abhiprAya che ke bauddha brAhmaNonA yuga parathI potAnA kalpo gaNyA che ane jainoe brAhmaNoe mAnela brahmAnA divasa ane rAta parathI utsarpiNI ane avasarpiNI kacyA che. A uparAMta cAra varNAzrama brAhmaNadharma jeTalA jUnA nahi hoya to paNa jaina ane bauddhanA karatAM jUnA che. te Azrama paikInA saMnyasta Azrama parathI jaina zramaNa - sAdhu ane bauddhanA bhikSuno varga thayo hoya te vizeSa saMbhavita che, nahi ke jene bauddhanuM anukaraNa te saMbaMdhe karyuM hoya Ama DaoN. yAkaoNbI kahe che. vaLI vizeSa te kahe che ke jena ane bauddhadarzananA siddhAMtomAM ekabIjAthI ghaNI viruddhatAo mAlUma paDe che, ane te parathI te baMnee koI brAhmaNa dharma jevA sAmAnya mULamAMthI grahaNa karyuM hoya tema paNa kahI zakAtuM nathI. te viruddhatAo A che : 1. bauddhamAM nirvANano artha zUnyatA che agara te evuM astitva che ke jenuM svarUpa khyAlamAM paNa Ave tema nathI ane te eTale darajju sudhI ke brAhmaNonA AtmavAda - nAme AtmA akhaMDa ane zAzvata che tenI viruddha buddhano A siddhAMta thayo. jyAre jaina temAM saMmata thAya che, phera eTalo ja che ke teo AtmAne maryAdita rIte vyApaka - zarIravyApI kahe che, ne brAhmaNo (sAMkhya, nyAya ane vaizeSika) kahe che

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260 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto ke AtmA vizva sAthe vyApaka che. 2. bauddhanA je pAMca skaMdho che ane tenA asaMkhya bhAgo che tenA jevuM jainonA mAnasazAstramAM nathI 3. jenono lAkSaNika siddhAMta ke je tenA sarva tattvajJAna ane nItimAM prasarela che te e che ke prANI ane vanaspatimAM jIva che eTaluM ja nahi paNa jene mahAbhUta - (jaDa) kahevAmAM Ave che te pRthvI, apU, vAyu ane tejanA nAnAmAM nAnA bhAgamAM paNa jIva che evuM svIkAre che ane tethI tene pRthvIkAya, akAya ema 'kAya' - zarIra lagADI gaNavAmAM Ave che. AvuM bauddhamAM bilakula nathI, ane brAhmaNa dharma paNa mahAbhUtamAM jIva svIkAravAnI nA pADe che. vaLI sUkSmamAM sUkSma jIva evA nigoda' jIvanuM sthAna paNa bauddha ane brAhmaNa dharmamAM nathI. te uparAMta gati ane sthiti sahAyaka dravya nAme dharmAstikAya' ane adharmAstikAya' anukrame - e be dravyono svIkAra paNa koIpaNa darzana - bauddha ke brAhmaNadharma - mAM nathI. 4. sarvajJa sudhI jJAnanI dazA kamekrame laI javI e bhAratanA tattvajJAnIo mATe . mahA agatyano viSaya che, A saMbaMdhe jenono potAno siddhAMta paMcajJAna' saMbaMdhe je che ane tenI je paribhASA che te brAhmaNa ane bauddha darzanathI taddana bhinna che : - samyajJAna 5 prakAranuM che. (1) mati (2) zrata (mati upara AdhAra rAkhatuM) (3) avadhi (aprakRta jJAna) (4) mana:paryava - bIjAnA vicAranuM spaSTa jJAna (5) kevala - sarvajJatva. A mAnasazAstrIya siddhAMta jainomAM prAdhAnya pAmelo che, ane te dareka mahAtmA ke tIrthaMkaranA dhArmika jIvananuM varNana ApatAM tenA zAstrakAroe daSTi samakSa rAkhelo che. AvuM - ke AnA jevuM bauddhamAM bilakula nathI. AvI rIte ghaNI viruddhatAnAM udAharaNo che. jaina ane bauddha dharmanI brAhmaNa tattva sAthe samAnatA cAra che ? (1) punarjanma (2) karmano siddhAMta - pUrvakamathI puNyapApa thAya che ane tenAM phala A bhave ke AvatA bhavamAM bhogavavAmAM Ave che. (3) pUrNajJAna ane samyakyAritrathI manuSyajanmanuM punarAgamana aTakAvI zakAya che. (4) anAdikAlathI buddho athavA tIrthakaro te ja siddhAMto jaNAve che ane hAni pAmatA dharmano uddhAra kare che. A siddhAMta brAhmaNanA viSNu Adi avatArane kaMIka maLato Ave che. bauddhane pUchavAmAM AvyuM ke zuM satya kadI gupta rahyuM che ? chellA buddha thayA pahelAM kadI hastagata nahotuM thayuM ? - Ano javAba ema Ave che ke pUrvanA buddhoe upaderyuM hatuM. "vaLI buddha dharmamAM jaina dharma navIna ubhava pAmyo hato, tema "nAtaputta' - jJAtaputra eTale mahAvIra jaina dharmanA sthApaka hatA ema kadI paNa jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM nathI, tethI jainadharma (nigraMthono dharma) prAcIna dharma hato ane 'nAtaputta' phakta te dharmanA sudhAraka hatA ke je pArzvanAthe sthApyo hoya. paraMtu baMnee 24nI saMkhyA mAnI che e navAI jevuM che. koNe pahelAM zodhI te kahevAtuM nathI. jenomAM te saMkhyA sAmAnya che ane prAcIna hovI joIe, kAraNake zvetAMbara ane digaMbara baMne 24 tIrthakaro mAne

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jaina e vedika dharmanI zAkhA che? (jainanI prAcInatA) 261 che. (zvetAMbara ane digaMbara vIrAtuM rajA saikAmAM saMbhavita rIte judA paDyA hovA joIe)' - DaoN. yAkaoNbI. A parathI jene bauddhathI svataMtra che. AnA saMbaMdhamAM bauddha dharmagraMtho jaina dharma saMbaMdhe je ullekha kare che te paNa ahIM jaNAvavuM yogya thaI paDaze. (1) buddha dharmanA aDaguttara nikAya' nAmanA graMthamAM vaizAlI nagaranA eka vidvAn rAjakumAra abhaya jainadarzanamAM karmanuM svarUpa kevA prakAre che tenuM varNana Ape che. (2) "mahAvaga' graMthamAM zrI mahAvIranA siMha nAmanA ziSya buddhadevanAM darzana karavA gayA hatA tenuM varNana che. (3) "kjhimA nikAya' graMthamAM mahAvIranI upAlI nAmaka ziSyAe buddhadevanI sAthe zAstravAda karyo hato tenuM varNana che. (4) "aguttara nikAyamAM vIranA zrAvako kevA prakArano dharma pALe che tenuM tathA temanA cAritra viSayanuM bahu vistArathI varNana ApyuM che. (5) buddha dharmanA "sAmagnaphalasutta' nAmanA graMthamAM jaina dharmanuM svarUpa AlekhatAM jaNAvyuM che ke jaina darzanamAM cAra mahAvrata che. AthI eka agatyanA viSaya para prakAza paDe che. bauddha dharmanI zarUAtathI ja jaina dharma - nigraMthadharma astitvamAM che e siddha thavA uparAMta zrI mahAvIranA samayamAM pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkaranAM zrAvaka-zrAvikAo vagere paNa hatAM e paNa siddha thAya che, kema ke zrI pArzvanAthanA zAsanamAM ApaNA sAMprata kALanAM pAMca mahAvratonA badale brahmacarya sivAyanAM bAkInA cAra vrata hatAM. pArzvanAtha ane mahAvIranA kALa vacce 250 varSanuM aMtara che, eTale pArzvanAthanuM zAsana mahAvIranA kALa sudhI maMda pravAhe paNa akhaMDa cAlatuM hatuM eTaleke mahAvIranA darzananI samIkSA karavAmAM buddhadevanA ziSyoe saratacUkathI pArzvanAthanAM darzananI hakIkata jaNAvI hoya tema jaNAya che. baMnenA darzanamAM mahattvano pheraphAra kazo paNa nathI. pArzvanAthe cothA brahmacaryano aparigrahamAM samAveza karyo hato, te mahAvIre judo karI brahmacaryanuM cothuM vrata karI, aparigrahane pAMcamuM vrata gaNAvyuM che. (6) bauddha graMthomAM jaino temanA virodhI hovAnuM sthaLe sthaLe lakhAyeluM che, paraMtu eka paNa sthaLe jaina temanI zAkhA hovAnuM athavA jainoe buddhanA dharmamAMthI koI hisso laI lIdho hoya ema jaNAvyuM nathI. jenane bauddha potAnI zAkhA tarIke mAnatA hota to temanA viruddha lakhata ja nahi (7) makhaliputta -- gosAla prathama mahAvIrano ziSya hato, paNa pAchaLathI temano virodhI thaI gayo hato - A saMbaMdhI hakIkata paNa buddhanA prAcIna graMthomAM maLI Ave che. A parathI paNa spaSTa che ke jenae buddhano samakAlIna dharma to hato ja. (8) mahAvIranA nirvANa saMbaMdhI tathA temanA gaNadhara sudhamAM svAmInI hakIkata paNa buddhanA graMthomAMthI maLI Ave che. jaina e bauddhanI zAkhA nathI ema siddha karavAne DaoN. yAkaoNbInA AdhAro temaja bauddha graMthanA ullekho ke je mukhya hatA te atra mUkyA che, vaLI vedika saMpradAyanA

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ra6ra jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto graMthomAM jaina e buddha dharmanI zAkhA che evA bhAvanuM kyAMya paNa kathana jaNAtuM nathI. UlaTuM baMne ekabIjAthI taddana bhinna ja che ema sthaLe sthaLe kahyuM che, ane ubhayanuM khaMDana karavAnI koziza paNa nirALI ja karI che. jaina bauddhanI zAkhA hota to tema mAnI laI ekalA jainanuM athavA ekalA bauddhanuM khaMDana karavAnA prayatnathI ja vedAMta saMpradAyavALAo aTakyA hota. je kALa jaina ane vaidika saMpradAya vacce atyaMta kasAkasI cAlatI hatI te kALe paNa jainanuM khaMDana karavAnA vedAMtIoe karelA aneka prayatna ane vAdavivAdamAM te buddhanI zAkhA che evuM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM nathI. jo jenane tema mAnatA hota to te vAdanA purAvA tarIke rajU thayuM hota. A parathI spaSTa che ke jaina e bauddha dharmanI zAkhA hovAnuM dhatiMga to pazcima taraphanA vidvAnoe ja uThAvyuM che, ane te vidvAnoe potAnA banAvelA hiMdanA itihAsamAM te mUkI daI hiMdavAsIomAM apUrva - kadI paNa utpanna na thayelo evo bhrama besADyo hato. (juo - mULa haMTarakRta hiMdano itihAsa - ke je pahelAM gujarAtI nizALomAM cAlato hato.) - jaina e vedika dharmanI zAkhA che ? (jainanI prAcInatA). A prazranI mImAMsA karIe. prophesara vebara, bArtha, lesana vagere pazcimanA vidvAno jainane bauddha dharmanI zAkhA mAnavAmAM ThagAyA hatA tema bulDara paNa jaina dharmane vedika dharmanI zAkhA agara te dharmamAMthI amuka grahaNa karI racAyela che ema mAne che, ane tema mAnavAmAM AdhAra tarIke ubhaya dharmonI prakriyAnA samAnapaNAne le che, paraMtu baMnemAM keTalAka aMzo samAna hoya teTalA ja uparathI jena vedadharmanI zAkhA che ema mAnI levuM e yogya nathI. jainanuM astitva ghaNuM prAcIna che, tenA keTalAeka AdhAro paNa ApI zakAya che. (1) rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata ane purANAdikamAM jaina darzana saMbaMdhI aneka sthaLe nirdeza thayo jaNAya che. mahAbhAratanA Adi parvanA trIjA adhyAyanA ra6-27 zlokamAM jaina sAdhu saMbaMdhI varNana Ave che; vaLI zAMtiparvamAM mokSadharma adhyAya 239nA chaThA zlokamAM jainonA prakhyAta saptabhaMgI nyAya saMbaMdhI nirdeza che. (2) pANini nAmanA prakhyAta vaiyAkaraNI ke je I.sa.pUrve lagabhaga be hajAra varSe thayAnuM bahudhA svIkArAya che temaNe potAnI aSTAdhyAyImAM jaina vaiyAkaraNI zAkaTAyanane AdhArarUpe svIkArela che. te ja zAkaTAyananuM nAma RgvadanI prAtizAkhyomAM, zukla yajurvedamAM ane vAskanA niruktamAM (ke je pro. mekaDonalanA kahevA pramANe prAcInamAM prAcIna saMskRta sAhityanA kAlanuM che) jovAmAM Ave che. pANinino samaya I.sa.pUrve chaThI ke sAtamI sadI (ke tenI pahelAM paNa hoI zake) mAnavAmAM Ave che. temaNe temanI pahelAMnA vyAkaraNa ane prAtizAkhyonA niSNAta vidvAnonAM nAmono ullekha karyo che - Apizavi, zAkaTAyana, gArgyu, zAkalya, kAzyapa, bhAradvAja, gAlava, cAkravarmaNa, senaka ane phoTAyana.

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jaina e vedika dharmanI zAkhA che ? (jainanI prAcInatA) 263 A zAkaTAyananA mate nAmani sAdhyAtanAna - badhAM nAmonuM nirvacana AkhyAta ke kriyApadanA AdhAre karI zakAya. kAraNake nAma kriyApadamAMthI vyutpanna thayAM che. naiktono paNa A ja mata hato. zAkaTAyanane UNAdi sUtrapATha ane RtaMtra prAtizAkhyanA kartA mAnavAmAM Ave che. jaina vaiyAkaraNa zAkaTAyana ke pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana emanAthI judA jaNAya che. teo 9mI sadImAM rASTrakUTa rAjA amoghavarSanA samayamAM thaI gayA ane zabdAnuzAsana ane tenA paranI svIpajJa amoghavRttinA karyA hatA. A vyAkaraNagraMthamAM temaNe pANini, kAtaMtra, jainendra ane caMdra (bauddha vaiyAkaraNa)no AdhAra lIdho che.) (3) "aitarIya brAhmaNamAM jainonA yati saMbaMdhI vivecana che. (4) sAmavedamAM yatione kriyAnA virodhI tarIke gaNavAmAM AvyA che ema DAkaTara rAjendralAla mitra yogasUtranI prastAvanAmAM kahe che. (5) yajurvedamAM jainanA deva (28SabhAdi) saMbaMdhI aneka sthaLe ullekha che. ane vaLI RSabha ane ariSTaneminI stuti paNa te ja graMthamAM jovAmAM Ave che. A IzvaratattvamAM jaNAvavAmAM Avela che. (6) sveda ke je bhAratano sarvathI prAcIna graMtha manAya che ane cAre vedamAM paNa je sarvathI prathama utpanna thayo ema svIkArAya che tenA varga 16 adhyAya 6nA prathama aSTakamAM jenonA 22mA tIrthaMkara ariSTaneminuM nAma daSTigocara thAya che (juo Izvaratattva). (7) vyAsamuninA prasiddha graMtha brahmasUtranA bIjA adhyAyanA bIjA pAdano 32thI 36 sudhInAM sUtromAM vyAsajIe jainonA syAdvAda nyAyanuM khaMDana karavA naisminnasaMmavAtuM Adi sUtrathI ane "nainA Umiznava vastuni ma prasUparyAnti' ema jaNAvI prayatna karyo che. vyAsamuni A rIte khaMDana karavAmAM keTalA daraje vijayI nIvaDyA che e jaina syAdvAdanuM rahasya yathArtha jANanAre vicAravAnuM che. atra aprAsaMgika hoI jaNAvavuM yogya nathI. () yogavAziSThanA prathama vairAgya prakaraNamAM ahaMkAra niSedhAdhyAyamAM vaziSTha ane rAmano saMvAda kahyo che temAM rAma kahe che : nAhaM rAmo na me vAJchA bhAveSu ca na me manaH / __ zAMtimAsthAtumicchAmi svAtmanyeva jino yathA / - huM rAma nathI, mArI kaMI icchA nathI, ane bhAva-padArthomAM mAruM mana nathI. huM to potAnI jinadevanI samAna A pAmAM ja zAMti sthApana karavA IcchuM. AmAM rAme jina samAna hovAnI icchA karI che, te tenuM uttamapaNuM sUcave che. ["jina" zabda buddha mATe paNa prayojAya che. jeNe indriyAdi para jaya meLavyo che te 'jina." | (9) 'dakSiNAmUrti - sahastranAma'mAM ziva kahetA jaNAvela che ke jainamArgarato jaino jitakrodho jitAmayaH / AmAM jaina prabhu saMbaMdhe kahyuM che. (10) vaizaMpAyanasahastranAmamAM kahyuM che ke

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264 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto kAlanemi nihA vIraH zUraH zauri jinezvaraH / AmAM bhagavAnanuM nAma jinezvara kahyuM che. (11) durvAsA RSikRta "mahimnastotramAM evuM kathela che ke tattadarzana mukhya zaktiriti tvaM brahmakarmezvarI / kahin puruSo harizca savitA vuddhaH zivastvaM guruH / / ahIM 'arahaMta tame cho' evI bhagavAnanI stuti karI che. (12) prabhAsa purANamAM RSabhanAthanuM vimalAcala (zatrujaya) ane neminAthanuM raivata (giranAra) para sthAna - Azrama che te jaNAvyuM che. raivatAdrau jino nemiyugAdirvimalAcale / RSINAmAzramAdeva muktimArgasya kAraNam / / (13) "gaNeza purANa'mAM nainaM pazupati sAthuM - ema eka darzana tarIke, jaina jaNAvyuM che. (14) "manusmRti' ke je prAcIna hiMdu dharmano prAmANika graMtha lakhAya che temAM nAbhino maru devIthI thayela putra nAme RSabhadeva (prathama tIrthakara)nuM varNana che. kulAdibIjaM sarveSAM prathamo vimalavAhanaH / cakSuSmAn yazasvI vAbhicaMdro'tha prasenajit / / marudevI ca nAbhizca bharate kulasattamAH / aSTamo marudevyAM tu nAbherjAtaH urukramaH / / darzayan vartma vIrANAM surAsura namaskRtaH / nIti tritaya kartA yo yugAdau prathamo jinaH / / ahIM vimalavAhanAdika 'manu' kahyA che tene jainamAM 'kulakara' kahe che ane ahIM prathama jina yuganI Adi viSe mArganA darzaka ane surAsurapUjita kahela che te RSabhadeva che. (15) rAjarSi bhatRharinA zRMgArazatakanA 87mAM zlokamAM "jina" e nAma Apela che. eko rAgiSu rAjate priyatamAdehArddhadhArI haro nIrAgeSu jino vimuktalalanAsaMgo na yasmAtparaH / durismaravANapannaga viSavyAsakta mugdho janaH / zeSaH kAmaviDaMbito hi viSayAn bhoktuM na moktuM kSamaH / . - rAgI puruSomAM to eka mahAdeva zobhita che ke, jeNe potAnI priyatamA pArvatIne ardha zarIramAM dhAraNa karI rAkhI che, ane virAgIomAM jinadeva zobhita che ke jenA samAna strInA saMga choDanArA bIjA koI nathI. bAkI badhA durnivAra kAmadevanA bANarUpa sarponA viSathI mUcchita thayA che, ke je kAmanI viDaMbanAthI viSayone sArI rIte bhogavI zakatA nathI, tema tene choDI zakatA nathI. (16) hanumannATakanA maMgalAcaraNa zlokamAM badhA devonI sAthe aham - jinadevanI paNa stuti karI che : yaM zaivAH samupAsate ziva iti brahmeti vedAntinaH bauddhA buddha iti pramANapaTavaH karteti naiyAyikAH /

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jaina e vedika dharmanI zAkhA che ? (jainanI prAcInatA) 265 arhannityatha jainazAsanaratAH karmeti mImAMsakA: so'yaM ko vidadhAtu vAMchitaphalaM trailokyanAthaH prabhuH / . A rIte jaina ane jinadeva Adi saMbaMdhe ghaNAghaNA ullekha che ke jemAMnA mukhya atra ApyA che. jenadarzana vedanA kALanI pUrve ke te kAlamAM na hota to te saMbaMdhIno ATalA moTA pramANamAM nirdeza jenetara graMthamAM hovo asaMbhavita che. tethI UlaTuM vedavyAsanA kALa pUrve jenonI syAdvAda nayanI philasUphI saMbhavita che ane tethI ja vyAsajI jevA samartha puruSane tenA khaMDana mATe potAnA graMthamAM eka karatAM vadhAre sUtro rokavAM paDyAM haze. jyAre ApaNe jenonA prAcIna itihAsa bhaNI najara karIe chIe tyAre mAlUma paDe che ke lagabhaga dareka kALamAM jainone tenAM virodhI darzano sAthe TaMTAmAM UtarI muzkelIo bhogavavI paDI che. viSakAlamAM paNa tene ghaNuM sahana karavuM paDyuM che. AnuM mukhya kAraNa e ja hovuM pratIta thAya che ke yajJayAgAdikamAM pazuhoma thavAnI sakhta viruddha jeno hatA. te kALe vedAnuyAyI brAhmaNono nirvAha moTe bhAge tethI thato hato ema itihAsa parathI mAlUma paDe che. AnI sAme jainoe 'amAri ghoSaNA' jaina rAjAonA samayamAM ghaNIghaNI vakhata vagaDAvela che. hAlanA mahAnuM samartha tattvajJa lokamAnya bAla gaMgAdhara tilake jaina zvetAMbara konpharansanA vaDodarAmAMnA adhivezanamAM nIce pramANe jaNAvyuM hatuM : jena ane vedika e baMne dharma joke prAcIna che, paraMtu ahiMsA dharmano mukhya praNetA jaina dharma che. jaina dharme potAnI prabaLatAthI vedika dharma upara ahiMsA dharmanI nahi bhUMsAya tevI uttama chApa mArI che. vedika dharmamAM ahiMsAne sthAna maLyuM che te jenIonA saMsargane lIdhe ja che. ahiMsA dharmanA saMpUrNa zreyanA hakadAra jainIo ja che. aDhI hajAra varSa pahelAM vedavidhAyaka yajJomAM hajAro pazuono vadha thato hato, paraMtu 2400 varSa pahelAM jainonA chellA tIrthakara zrI mahAvIra svAmIe jyAre jaina dharmano punaruddhAra karyo tyAre tenA upadezathI lokonAM citta A ghora nirdaya karmathI virakta thavA mAMDyAM ane dhImedhIme lokonA cittamAM ahiMsAe potAno adhikAra sthApana karyo. A samayanA vicArazIla vedika vidvAnoe dharmanI rakSAne lIdhe pazuhiMsA sarvathA baMdha karI ane potAnA dharmamAM ahiMsAne AdarapUrvaka sthAna ApyuM." saMskRta bhASAnA prophesara (zikSAguru) (vilsana kaoNleja) vidvAn harimahAdeva bhaDakara nIce pramANe jaNAve che : "Jainism teaches that the highest moral life is the only sure means of elevation of soul and its eventual emancipation and with it the central truth of morality lies in complete abstinence from injury to any one else. It is a painful confession that the sacred animal sacrifice though it has to be allowed and being enjoined by the shruti

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto the basis of all the superstructure of the vedic faith, does in fact startle the heart of even the most faithful follower of the Vedas. This effect, I believe, could not have been brought about by the purely militant materialistic doctrine, but must have been the slow and silent effect of the steady self-relying teachers who brought the wealth of their metaphysical thought to bear on all questions of humane life and constructed a doctrine which would satisfy all the yearning of the humane soul.' jaina dharma e zIkhave che ke uttamamAM uttama nItimaya jIvana e ja AtmAnI uti karavAmAM ane tene karmathI mukta karavAno sAco upAya che. ane jaina dharmamAM nItinuM keMdrabhUta satya koInI hiMsA karavAthI taddana mukta rahevuM e che. A to duHkhadAyaka kabUliyAta che ke pazuyajJa jo ke zrutie anumodita ane AjJAthI pharamAvela che temaja te vedika dharmanI sarva imAratano pAyo che chatAM vedanA cutamAM custa anuyAyInA hRdayane paNa vastutaH camakAve che. mArA dhAravA pramANe A asara je siddhAMta mAtra virodhI ane jaDa bhAvanAmaya hoya tethI pariNamI zake ja nahi, paNa te dRDha AtmasaMyamI dharmopadezakonI dhImI ane zAMta asara hovI ja joIe ke je upadezakoe manuSyajIvananA sarva prazno sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA evA potAnA AdhyAtmika vicAronI saMpatti rajU karI eka evo siddhAMta racyo hoya ke je manuSyAtmAnI sarva tIvra icchAne tRpta karI zake. AvI rIte jainonI vaidika yajJa upara prabala asara hatI, ane tethI te kAraNe nIpajelA dveSane laIne kadAca bIjAoe 'hastinA tADyamAnopinAojhina maMviram / ' hAthI tamArA upara humalo karavAne Ave ane bacavAno koIpaNa upAya na maLe to paNa jainanA maMdiramAM pravezavuM nahi AvA bhAvanAM vAkyo uccAryAM hoya ema lAge che. 266 keTalAMka saMskRta nATakomAM jainonA sAdhu ane yatinAM pAtrone dAkhala karI temanI pAse aneka niMgha bhAva bhajavyA che (Ama bauddha bhikSuonA saMbaMdhe paNa banyuM che.) keTaleka sthaLe temaNe corI karI, dalAlI karI, jUThuM bolyA evA rUpamAM temane khoTA AkAramAM darzAvyA che ane ajANyA mANasomAM jaina dhUrtatAnI mUrti che evo bhAva ThasAvavA prayatna karyo che. AnI sAme jainoe paNa brAhmaNone kvacit ayogya rIte cItaryA haze. A pramANe prAcIna jaina darzana aneka darzano taraphathI dhakkAdhuMbA khAtuM Aja sudhI bhAratamAM akhaMDa dhArAe cAlyuM AvyuM che, jyAre bauddha dharmanA anuyAyIo ahIM bhAgye ja rahyA che ke khUba ochA che.

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khaMDa-2 bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto

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dhyAnI. buddha

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buddhanI vividha pratimAo : brAhmadezamAM, bhAratamAM, zrIlaMkAmAM

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bhaviSyakathaka bhikhkha

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buddhanA janmasthAna lumbinI khAteno azokastaMbha

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- sAranAtha khAte maLI Avelo siMhasthaMbha.

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Buddh-Gaya. buddhagayA 64 SEASE

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bodhivRkSa taLe, buddhagayA

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buddhagayA khAte tA.zI. lAmA.

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vibhAga-1 : bauddha dhArmika sAhitya pAli bhASAmAMnA bauddha sAhityanI utpatti (I.sa.pU.543 - I.sa. pU.76) gautama buddha mAgadhI athavA pAli bhASAmAM potAno upadeza Apyo hato evuM kahevAya che. temanA nirvANa pachI A upadezonuM punarAvartana bauddha sAdhuoe judIjudI traNa pariSa (samiti - mahAsaMgIti) bharI karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. te anukrame rAjagRha, vaizAlI, ane pATaliputramAM rAjA ajAtazatra, kAlAzoka ane azokanA Azraya nIce I.sa.pU. 543, I.sa.pU. 443 ane I.sa.pU. 255mAM bharavAmAM AvI hatI. cothI saMgIti kaniSkanA samayamAM thaI (prathama zatAbdI) kAzmIranI rAjadhAnInI pAse kuMDalavana vihAramAM. A upadezonA mULa pATha A pariSadomAM carcAI nizcita karavAmAM AvyA hatA. ane tene bauddhonuM dhArmika sAhitya kahevAmAM Ave che. tene traNa sUtramAM (pAlimAM tepiTaka - piTakagya, saMskRtamAM tripiTaka - piTakatraya ke jeno artha 'traNa TopalIo' thAya che temAM) vaheMcavAmAM AvyuM che : nAme suttapiTakamAM buddha ane tenA pramukha ziSyono upadeza che, vinaya piTakamAM dharmAcAra - vinaya eTale bhikSuone pALavAnA niyamano saMgraha che ane abhidhamapiTakamAM bauddha tattvajJAnano vistArathI vicAra che. I.sa.pU. 543mAM bharAyelI prathama samiti (kAzyapanI samiti)mAM je bhikSuo ekatrita thayA hatA tene (1) "thera' (saM. sthavira), ane temanA dharmagraMthane "theravAda' (saM. sthaviravAda) kahevAmAM AvyA. tyArapachI theravAdanA keTalAka niyamono bhaMga karavA mATe vaizAlInA daza hajAra bhikSuone I.sa.pU.443mAM maLelI dvitIya samitie theronA saMghamAMthI bahiSkRta karyA. A rIte mULa bauddha dharmamAMthI prathama zAkhA thaI ane te bahiSkRta bhikSuo (2) mahAsaMdhika kahevAyA. temaNe theravAdamAM keTaloka sudhArAvadhAro karyo. tyArapachI buddhanA nirvANathI be hajAra varSanA AMtarAmAM vadhu 14 zAkhAo ubhavI; nAme : (3) gokulika, (4) ekambohArika, (5) patti, (6) bAhulika, (7) cetiya, (8) sambatyi, (9) dhammaguttika, (10) kassapIya, (11) saMkAntika, (12) 1. pAli mahAvaMza pramANe A traNa pariSadamAMnI pahelI be to Apela che, ane trIjI paripatro samaya hAlanI zodha anusAra jaNAvyo che. azoke I.pU. ra72mAM rAjyArohaNa karyuM ane tenA rAjyanA 17mA varSe trIjI pariSad bhegI thaI. (juo vijesiMhano mahAvaMza, pR.29) 2. A tripiTakanI graMthasaMkhyA traNa lakSa jaNAvavAmAM Ave che ? temAM suttapiTakamAM pAMca peTAbheda che, nAme dIghanikAya, majhimanikAya, saMyuttanikAya, aMguttaranikAya ane khuddakanikAya. AmAMnA chellA khuddanikAyanA pAchA paMdara peTA vibhAga che H khuddakapATha, dhammapada, udAna, Itivatthaka, suttanipAtta, vimAnavatyu, petavatyu, theragAthA, therIgAthA, jAtaka, nidsa, parisaMbhidAmagga, apadAna, buddhavaMsa, ane cariyApiTaka. have vinayapiTakamAM pAMca bhAga che te pArAjikA, pAcitiyAdi, mahAvacca, cullavagya ane parivArapATha : jyAre abhidhammapiTakamAM sAta prakaraNa che tenAM nAma dhammasagaNi, vibhaDaga, dhAtukathA, puggalapaccati, kathAvat, yamaka ane paTTAna che. WWW.jainelibrary.org

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270 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto sutta, (13) himavata, (14) rAjagirIya, (15) siddhityika, (16) puSpaselIya, (17) aparaselIya ane (18) vajirIya. tRtIya samitinA aMta samaye ja Azare I.sa.pU. 255mAM theroe tepiTakanA rUpamAM saMgrahelA buddhanA upadezone mahArAjA azokano putra mahinda siMhaladvIpamAM laI gayo ke jyAM te sarvane bauddha bhikSuoe paraMparAgata mukhapAThe rAkhyA ane tyAM tene pahelI vakhata pustakArUDha vaTTagAmaNinA rAjyamAM (104thI 74 I.sa.pU. daramyAnamAM) kiravAmAM AvyA ema kahevAya che. A traNa piTaka sivAya pAli bhASAmAM lakhAyela bIjAM asaMkhya pustako che ane tethI pAli sAhityanI samRddhi thaI che.* tripiTakanA judAjudA bhAgo judAjudA racanArAe racyA che ane temAMnA ghaNAkharA gautama buddhanA hastadIkSita ziSyo hatA. A traNa piTaka prAcIna bauddho ke jene sthaviro kahevAmAM Ave che tene lagatA che tethI tene theravAda (sthaviravAda) kahevAmAM Ave che. cInanuM vinayapiTaka ane tibeTanuM vinayapiTaka nAnInAnI bAbato sivAya eka ja mULamAMthI Upajela che, ane tene mAnanAra mahIzAsako ane mahAsarvAstivAdIo kahevAya che. te baMne sthiticusta sthaviravAdanI zAkhAo che. - I.sa.78nI AsapAsa tripiTakamAMthI vaipulya sUtro ghaDAyAM che ane tenA racanAra mahAyAnIo che. te gadyAtmaka ane padyAtmaka bane che. padya ardhasaMskRta prAkRta gAthAomAM che ane gadya tripiTakamAMthI kareluM saMskRta bhASAMtara che. Ama bhASAmAM pheravavAnI jarUra te samayane anukULa haze. 1. siMhaladvIpamAM bauddhadharmane dAkhala karanAra A mahinda (mahAmahindI ane tenI bahena saMghamittA hatAM. azokanuM jIvanacaritra gujarAtImAM rA. jIvaNalAla amarazIe prasiddha karyuM che te jovuM. 2. siMhaladvIpamAM siMhala bhASAmAM ukta tripiTaka graMtho para TIkA lakhAyelI hatI tene akathA (arthakathA) kahevAmAM AvatI. I.sa. pAMcamA zatakanA AraMbhe buddhaghoSa nAmanA AcArye A aDhakathAnuM pAli bhASAmAM rUpAMtara karyuM. te ar3hakathAnAM nAma A pramANe che : 1. dIghanikAya aTTakathA - sumaMgala vilAsinI, 2. majijhamanikAya - papaMcazradanI 3. saMyuttanikAya - sAraWpakAsinI, 4. aMguttaranikAya - manorathapUraNI, pa. vinaya - samaMta pAsAdikA, 6. dhammAsaMgaNi - adbhasAlinI, 7, vilaMga - saMmohavinodanI, 8. dhAtukathA, puggalapaMcatti, kathAvatyu, yamaka ane paTTAna e pAMca prakaraNanI aTTakathA - paMcampakaraNa aTTakathA. khuddaka nikAyamAMnAM prakaraNo para judAjudA AcAryoe aDhakathA lakhelI che. 3. tenAM nAma ane tenA je kata mAnavAmAM AvyA che tenAM nAma A pramANe che : 1. jJAnaprasthAna - kAtyAyana (kAtyAyanI putra) kRta, 2, dharmaskaMdha - sAri5trakRta, 3. dhAtukAya - pUrNa (apanAma vasumitra), 4. prajJapti zAstra - maudgalyAyana, 5. vijJAnakAya -devakSema (apanAma devazarmA), 6. saMgItiparyAya - sAriputra (amaranAma kauSThilya), 7. prakaraNapAda - vasumitra. 4. karna kahe che ke, "sarva prAkRta bhASAo sAmAnya rIte apracalita thaI gaI che. ane saMskRta bhASAno abhyAsa ane pracalitatA AkhA bhAratamAM vidyA, sAhitya ane saMskRtinI sAmAnya bhASA tarIke ane Aryo ane drAviDone sAMdhanAra tarIke cAlu thayela che. kaye samaye saMskRta bhASAe Adhipatya meLavyuM e cokkasa kahI zakAtuM nathI, paraMtu tema bahu kramazaH

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saMskRta bhASAmAMnA bauddha sAhityanI utpatti 271 pAli bhASA A bauddhanAM dharmapustakonI mULa prAcIna bhASA che, ane te pAlimAM racAyelAM pustako paNa prAcIna che. tenA rUDhazabdo magadhamAM sArI rIte pracalita te vakhate thayA hatA. pAli kayA dezamAM ubhavI te saMbaMdhI aneka tarkavitarka UThe che. saMbhavita e lAge che ke kaliMga - aMpradezamAM teno janma thayo hato. kallavaga nAmanA bauddhagraMthamAM evo eka ullekha che ke buddha evI AjJA kare che ke dareke buddhanA upadezano abhyAsa tenI potAnI bhASAmAM karavo. A parathI e anumAna para AvI zakAya ke dharmapustako jyAre bhAratamAM pracalita thayAM tyAre bhAratanA dareka bhAgamAM mAgadhI bhASAmAM teo AvyA nahIM hatAM, paraMtu te te bhAgomAM tyAMnI pracalita bhASAmAM AvyAM hatAM. A parathI jaNAya che ke uttaranA bauddho - mahAyAnIonAM zAstro saMskRtamAM che te mULa mAgadhImAMthI avataraNa thayelAM che. mahAyAnanI utpatti (Azare I.sa.78) khristI sana zarU thatAM hiMdanA vAyavya (NSW) koNanA bhAga para turUSko yAne sIthIana lokoe caDAI karI. teono eka saradAra nAme kaniSTha kAzamIra pallava ane dilhI jItI lIdhA ane evuM kahevAmAM Ave che ke teNe kAbda I.sa.78mAM sthApyo. teNe bauddha dharma svIkAryo ne mahAyAna (moTuM cakra) yiAna = vAhana athavA mAga nAmanI bauddha dharmanI navI zAkhA sthApita karI. pAlI te piTakamAM je pratipAdita karavAmAM AvyuM che te jUno bauddha dharma tyAra pachIthI hInayAna (nAnuM cakra) e nAmathI mahAyAnanA anuyAyIo potAnA dharmane zreSTha batAvavA oLakhavA lAgyA. mahAyAna dhImedhIme nepAla, tibeTa, moMgoliyA, cIna, jApAna, koriyA Adi dezamAM prasaryo jyAre hInayAna laMkAmAM cAlu rahyo ane tyAMthI brahmadeza, siyAma Adi dezamAM phelAyo. bhAratakhaMDamAM baMne rahyA. saMskRta bhASAmAMnA bauddha sAhityanI utpatti (Azare I.sa.78) kaniSka rAjAnA Azraya taLe jAlaMdharamAM eka saMgIti (pariSadu) pArtha (athavA pUrNaka) ane vasumitranA vaDapaNa heThaLa bharavAmAM AvI hatI. te vakhate pa00 bhikSuo, ane dhImedhIme thayela che e cokkasa che. chatAM ATaluM to kahI zakAya ke kaniSkanA rAjyamAM bharAyela bauddha saMgItinI turata ja pahelAM ke pachI zAstronuM bIjI bhASAmAM saMskaraNa karavAnI AvazyakatA paDI hoya. 1. kanika buddhanA nivaNa (ke je I.sa. pU. 433mAM thayuM ema keTalAka kahe che)thI 400 varSe thayo ema tibeTanA graMtho parathI mAlUma paDe che. DAkTara phUlITa tene vikrama saMvat I.sa.pU.58mAM sthApanAra gaNe che. DaoN. bhaMDArakara tene I.sa.nA trIjA saikAnA chellAM 25 varSamAM mUke che. vinseTa smitha tene I.sa. 125mAM mUke che ne sIlvana levI I.sa.pa0mAM mUke che. paraMtu bIla, laeNsana, pro. karna ane bIjA emaja svIkAre che ke zAbdano sthApaka te hato (I.sa.18).

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272 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto ekatrita thayA hatA. temaNe pAli tepiTakane vizeSa arthapUrvaka samajAvavA arthe traNa graMtho saMskRtamAM racyA : nAme suttapiTaka parathI sUtra upadeza, vinaya piTaka parathI vinaya vibhASA ane abhidhamma piTaka parathI abhidharma vibhASA. A traNa mahAyAna che mana prAcInamAM prAcIna saMskRta bhASAnAM pustako che. tema chatAM evuM dhArI na rAkAya ke kaniSTha samayanI saMgIti (pariSadu) pahelAM eka paNa bauddha dharmano saMskRtamAM graMtha nahi hato. vastutaH kaniSka te samayamAM saMskRta bhASAmAM ghaNA vakhata pahelAM racAyelA aneka bauddha graMtho joIne bauddha dharmano pracAra saMskRta bhASAmAM vizeSa vyavahAra thaI zakaze ema dhArIne saMskRta bhASAno prasAra karyo. udAharaNa tarIke kaniSkanI pariSadamAM racAyela abhidharmavibhASA balka abhidharma - mahAvibhASA - zAstra e mAtra kAtyAyanIputrakRta abhidharma - jJAna - prasthAna - zAstra (ke je buddhanA nirvANa pachI 3OO varSe ane kaniSkanA samaya pahelAM 100 varSe racAyela hatuM) te para TIkA mAtra che. joke saMskRta bhASAnA bauddha sAhityanA prathama sthApaka tarIke kaniSkane na gaNI zakAya, chatAM e to svIkAryA vagara cAle tema nathI ke tenA ja samayamAM saMskRta bhASA bauddha graMtho lakhavA mATenI yogya bhASA tarIke prathama sarvatra svIkAravAmAM AvI. te samayathI saMskRta bhASAmAM asaMkhya bauddha graMtho racAyA che je paikInA nava dharmo nAmanA nava graMtho pratye mahAyAna bauddho khAsa Adara dharAve che. bauddhomAM 18 bheda upara kahI gayA ke buddhanA nirvANa pachI 200 varSanA aMtarAmAM mULa bauddho nAme vera (vira) uparAMta temAMthI judAjudA vAda kADhI 17 bheda thayA. kAlAnukrame AmAMnA keTalAka nAza pAmyA jyAre navIna jAgyA. pariNAma e AvyuM ke kanikanA samayamAM - I.sa.78nA Azare bauddha dharmanA 18 bheda paDyA hatA ke jene cAra vargamAM mUkI zakAya. 1. Arya sarvAstivAda ' (1) mUla sarvAstivAda (2) kAzyapIya (3) mahIzAsaka (4) dharmaguptIya (5) bahukRtIya (6) tAmrazatIya (7) vibhajyavAdinuM. 2. AryasamitIya (8) kurUkullaka (9) Avantika (10) vAstIputrIya. A bhedo (1thI 10) vaibhASika bauddha darzanane lagatA che. 3. AryamahAsaMdhika (11) pUrva-zaila (12) apara-zaila (13) haimavata (14) lokottaravAdinuM (15) prajJativAdinuM 1. A nava dharma eTale mahAyAnanAM nava pavitra pustakonAM nAma A pramANe che : (1) aSTasAhasika prajJA pAramitA (2) gaMDalUha (3) daza-bhUmi vistAra (4) samAdhi-rAja (5) laMkAvatAra (6) saddharma - puMDarIka (7) tathAgata guhyaka (8) lalitavistara ane (9) suvarNa - prabhAsa.

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bauddha tattvajJAnanAM cAra darzana 273 4. Aryasthavira (16) mahAvihAra (17) jetavanIya (18) abhayagirivAsin. A bhedo, (11thI 1.8) mautrAntike bauddha darzanane lagatA che. uparokta sarvabhedo hInayAnanA che paraMtu teo AgaLa jatAM mahAyAnamAM joDAyA. bauddha tattvajJAnanAM cAra darzana uparokta hInayAnanA bhedonA tattvajJAna saMbaMdhe siddhAMto dhImedhIme be darzanamAM nAme (1) vaibhASika ane (ra) sautrAntikamAM pariNamyA. kaniSka sthApela mahAyAnanAM paNa be darzana thayAM, nAme (3) mAdhyamika ane (4) yogAcAra. Ama baMnenI maLI cAra zreNIo thaI. bauddha dharmanA sthApaka zAkyamunie kapilano sAMkhyamata grahaNa karIne potAnA matano pracAra karyo che ema ghaNA vidvAnonuM maMtavya che. have tenI vaibhASika nAmanI zAkhA laIe. vaibhASika e nAma sarvAstivAdanuM pachIthI paDela nAma che, kAraNake tenuM nAma jaNAve che te pramANe te bAhya ane aMtaraMga - jagatanuM astitva svIkAre che eTale bAdhArtha ane jJAna baMneno svIkAra kare che. Ano pradhAna graMtha kAtyAyanIputra kRta abhidhamejJAnaprasthAnazAstra athavA sAdI, rIte jJAnaprasthAna-zAstra che ke je buddhanA nivANathI 300 varSe racAyo che. A pachIno graMtha abhidharma-mahAvibhASAzAstra athavA sAdI rIte vibhASA che ke je kaniSkanI pariSadumAM I.sa. 70nI AsapAsa racAyo che. A vibhApA nAmanA graMtha parathI vaibhASika nAma paDayuM che. vibhASA eTale TIkA, ane te parathI vaipika nAma e rIte paDyuM ke teo buddhanA upadezanAM mULa sUtro karatAM te paranI TIkAo para vadhu AdhAra rAkhatA hatA. sauthI ucca vidvattAvALuM teonuM pustaka I.sa.489 AsapAsa saMgha bhadra racela nyAyAnusAra-zAstra yAne kozakArakazAstra che. siMghabhadranA graMtho : (1) "abhidharma-nyAyAnusAra." bIjuM nAma 'kozakAraka' kAraNa ke vasubaMdhunA abhidharmakoza mATe himavRSTi che. (2) "abhidharma sadIpikA.' vaibhASika matamAM vasubaMdhuno abhidharmakoza khUba mahattvano che. saMgha madra vasu baMdhunA pratidvI hatA. kAraNa ke temane lAgatuM ke vasubaMdhue ghaNA evA siddhAMtonuM pratipAdana karyuM je vibhApAne taddana pratikULa che. sautrAntika e nAma sUtrAnta (pAli. suttanta) eTale mULa sUtrArtha parathI paDavuM che, kAraNa ke teo TIkA karatAM mULa sUtrArtha para vadhu AdhAra rAkhatA hatA. A mULa mUtro te prAcIna Aryasthaviro (pAlI. therA)nAM ke jemaNe I.sa.pU. 543mAM prathama paripa6 narI hatI, ane ghaNuM karI che. sUtro mahAsaMdhikonAM paNa kharAM, ke jeo viromAMthI pahelA judA thayA (I.sa.pU.443). evuM kahevAya che ke A zreNInA siddhAMta kanikanA samayamAM (I.sa.78) dhottara yAne uttara-dharma nAmanA sAdhue kAzamIramAM baddha kayo. paNa prasiddha cIna yAtrALu huena-tsAMga ke je hiMdamAM I. sa. umA saikAmAM Avyo hato te ema jaNAve che ke sautrAntikano sthApaka takSazilA (paMjAbamAM

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274 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto Avela hAlanuM tazilA)no prasiddha adhyApaka nAme kumAralabdha che ane teNe amUlya graMtho te saMbaMdhe lakhyA che. te nAgArjuna, Aryadeva ne aghopano samakAlIna hato tethI I.sa.300nI AsapAsa vidyamAna hovo joIe. bIjo ghaNo pratiSThita adhyApaka nAme zrIlabdha hato ke jeNe sautrAntika darzana saMbaMdhe vibhASA-zAstra racela che. mAdhyamika e nAma madhyama parathI paDela che kAraNa ke temAM be aMtima mArgo dUra karI madhyamamArganuM pratipAdana kareluM che. e aMtima mArgo nAme jagatanI pUrNa sattA, ke pUrNa asattAno vAda choDI madhyamamArga nAme jagatnI kevala pratIyamAna sattA teo mAne che. Ano sthApaka nAgArjuna - Arya nAgArjuna che. teNe mahAkozalanA vidarbha dezamAM (hAlanuM varADa) koI brAhmaNakulamAM sarvAha ke zatavAha nAmanA pravaMzIya rAjAnA samayamAM janma lIdho hato; ane kRSNA nadI para zrI pArvata nAmanA girinI guphAmAM dhyAnAvasthAmAM ghaNo kAla gALyo hato. te sarahano ziSya hato ane ema kahevAya che ke teNe bhojadeva nAmanA samartha rAjAne bauddha banAvyo hato. teno pradhAna graMtha mAdhyamika-kArikA che. te sivAya tenA graMtho yuktipakhikA kArikA, vigraha 1. ema kahevAya che ke nAgArjuna buddhanA nirvANa pachI 100 varSe eTale I.sa.pU.33mAM hato. paNa te eTalA prAcIna samayamAM hoya te vAstavika nathI lAgatuM, kAraNa ke te nAlaMdanA vizvavidyAlayano eka prAcIna AzrayadAtA hato, ke je vidyAlaya I.sa. pUrve prathama zatAbdImAM - kadAcit vidyamAna nahi hatuM, ane je I.sa. 399mAM phAhiyAna nAmano cInI jAtrALu hiMdamAM Avyo tyAre mAtra nAmanuM hatuM. lAmA tArAnAtha kahe che ke nAgArjuna nemicaMdra rAjA ke je I. sa.300mAM rAjya karato dhAravAmAM Ave che teno samakAlIna hato. chellAmAM chello samaya I.sa. 401no teno kahI zakAya ke je vakhate tenuM caritra kumArajIve cInanI bhASAmAM avatAryuM. (DaoN. satISacaMdra vidyAbhUSaNakRta hiMdanA nyAyano madhyakAlIna itihAsa, pR. 6 :) vaLI te ja vidvAnuM potAnA baMgAlI lekhamAM eka sthaLe jaNAve che ke "mAdhyamika darzana cAramAM sauthI adhika purANuM che. I.sa. pUrve cothI ke pAMcamI zatAbdImAM lakhavAmAM AvelA prajJA pAramitA nAmanA graMthamAM mAdhyamika darzanano mata ghaNI ja sArI rIte lakhavAmAM Avyo che. e uparathI jaNAya che ke mAdhyamika darzanano mata e samaya pahelAM khUba pracalita hato. I.sa. pUrve bIjI zatAbdImAM nAgArjuna nAmanA bauddha dArzanika mAdhyamika darzananI racanA karI. caMdrakautie tenA para sAtamI ke AThamI I.sa. zatAbdImAM vRtti lakhI che. tibeTanA graMtho parathI rAya zaracaMdra jaNAve che ke te I.sa. pUrve bIjI zatAbdImAM (koI koInA matamAM I.sa. pUrve pahelI zatAbdImAM ane koI koInA matamAM I.sa. nI pahelI zatAbdImAM vidarbhamAM brAhmaNa kulamAM) janmyo hato. bAda bauddha dharmamAM dIkSA laI prajJA pAramitAnI TIkA Adi husaMkhyaka graMtha temaNe banAvyA. bodhiyAvatAra graMthanA kata zAntiprabha (zAMtideva ?) lakhe che ke "darzanazAstranAM sUtro sarve zIkhavAM joIe. Arya nAgArjunano banAvelo susamUha to jarUra mana lagADIne zIkhavo joIe." prasiddha cInI parivrAjaka vena sAMge bhAratavarSanA bhramaNa-vRttAMtamAM lakhyuM che ke "je cAra sUryonA prakAzathI jagatu prakAzita thayuM che. temAM Ave - nAgArjuna paNa eka che." kAzamIranA itihAsa rAjataraMgiNI mAM nAgArjuna nAmanA eka baddha narezano ullekha che. A rAjAe ghANA bAga ane vihAre banAvyA hatA. Aje nAgArjuna ane A rAjA eka ja vyakti hatA ke kema teno nirNaya karavo te ghaNuMkha asaMbhava jevuM che."

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bauddha darzana ane ukta cAra saMpradAyonA mato ra7pa vyAvartanI kArikA ane vigrahavyAvartanI vRtti che. nAgArjunanA graMtha : mAdhyamika kArikA, yuktiSaSTikA, pramANavidhvaMsana, upAya kauzalya, vigrahavyAvartanI, suhRllekha, amustava.] tenA ziSya Aryadeva (I.sa.320nI AsapAsa caMdraguptanA vakhatamAM) vidvAn thayA. temaNe paNa asaMkhya graMtho mAdhyamika darzana para lakhyA che : jevA ke zataka-zAstra, brahma-mamathana- yukti-hetu-siddhi vagere. [AryadevanA mukhya graMtha : catu zataka, cittavizuddhiprakaraNa, hastabAla prakaraNa.] yogAcAra -- A nAma yoga eTale dhyAnanA AcAra parathI paDyuM che, kAraNake buddhatvanI pUrNatA meLavavA sattara avasthA - bhUmio prApta karavA mATe dhyAna para khAsa bhAra AmAM mukAyela che. teno mukhya navIna siddhAMta Alaya-vijJAna che ke je jJAnanuM AlaMbana che - jene ApaNe ahaMpratIti kahIe chIe. teno sthApaka koNa hato te haju jaNAyuM nathI, paNa tenAM pustako laMkAvatAra sUtra, mahAsamayasUtra, bodhisatva-carcA-nirdeza ane saptadazabhUmi-zAstrayogAcArya prAcIna tarIke pradhAna jaNAvela che. bauddha darzana ane ukta cAra saMpradAyonA mato bauddha darzana kapilanA sAMkhyamata parathI caNAyo che. bauddha loko rU5. vedanA, vijJAna, saMjJA ane saMskAra - A pAMca skaMdho sivAya bIjA koI padArthane mAnatA nathI. rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza ane zabda e pAMca viSaya ane AMkha, kAna, nAka, jIbha, tvacA ane mana - e cha iMdriyo rUpaskaMdhanA aMtargata che. viSayonI sAthe Idriyono yathAsaMbhava meLa thavAthI vedanA-skaMdha (buddhi)nI utpatti thAya che. tenAthI ahaM-jJAnanI utpatti thAya che tenuM nAma vijJAna-skaMdha che. aha-jJAnanI sAthe nAma, rUpa AdinA jJAnasamUhanI je utpatti thAya che tene saMjJA-skaMdha kahe che. ahaMjJAna ane nAma, rUpa AdinA jJAna-samUhathI saMskAra-skaMdhanI utpatti thAya che. A pAMca prakAranA jJAnasamUhanuM nAma AtmA che. bauddha kArya-kAraNano dhirma-dharmIno] bheda mAnatA nathI. mAdhyamika saMpradAyanA bauddho koI padArthano svabhAva mAnatA nathI. padArthasamUhanI kevala pratIyamAna sattA (ekanI sattAthI bIjAnI sattA temaja ekanA abhAvamAM bIjAno abhAva, jemake AMkha hovAthI rUpanI sattA ane AMkhanA abhAvamAM rUpano abhAva athavA rU5nA abhAvamAM AMkhano abhAva) mAne che. paramArtha daSTithI jaDa ke caitanya kaMIpaNa mAnatA nathI. temanA manamAM vizva zUnyamAMthI utpanna thAya che ane zUnyamAM laya pAme che. dazyamAna jagat mAtra mAyA che. avidyAno nAza thavAthI jagatu pAchuM zUnyatAmAM pariNata thAya che. yogAvalambanapUrvaka AvA asIma, anAdi, atigaMbhIra, zAnta, mahA sAmyanA AzrayathI tathA vANI ane manathI agocara zUnyatAnI bhAvanA karavI joIe. e pramANe bhAvanA karatAM karatAM yogI zUnyatAmAM lIna thaI jAya che ane tene nirvANa prApta thAya che. pachI tene saMsAra-tApathI tapta thavuM paDatuM nathI. yogAcAra-saMpradAyanA bauddha jJAna sivAya bIjA koI viSayanA astitvano svIkAra karatA nathI. temanA matamAM jJAna-samUha kSaNika che; pUrva-pUrva muhUrtano jJAna-samUha

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto 52-52nA muhUrtamAM saMkrAMta thaIne je avicchinna pravAha utpanna kare che te 'ahaM' athavA AtmA che. sautrAntika jJAnano svIkAra kare che ane kahe che ke joke ApaNe bAhyArtha pratyakSa nathI karatA, to paNa jJAna dvArA tenA astitvanuM anumAna karI zakIe chIe. vaibhASika bAhyArtha ane jJAna e baMneno svIkAra kare che. sAMkhya-darzananI chApa upara ja bauddhadarzananI racanA thaI che e vAtanuM pramANa DagaleDagale maLe che. 1 276 SadarzanamAM bauddha darzananuM kAladRSTie sthAna (yuropIya paMDitomAM) sAmAnya rIte evuM manAya che ke, vedono upaniSatkAla darzanonI utpattino Adima kAla che. pachI 6 darzano nAme sAMkhya, nyAya, vaizeSika, mImAMsA, pAtaMjala, ane vedAMta thayAM. A chano kAnirNaya karavo durghaTa che. koI sAMkhyanA sthApaka maharSi kapilane to koI vaizeSikane sauthI prAcIna mUke che. paNa vicAra karavAthI mAlUma paDe ke vaizeSika ane bauddha darzana nyAyadarzananI pachI banyAM che. paramANuvAdanA sraSTA maharSi gautama (nyAyadarzananA praNetA)ne gaNI zakAya. jaDa padArtho paNa paramANuthI banelA che e vAta sauthI pahelAM gautame ja jANI hatI. maharSi kaNAde paramANuvAdane saMpUrNa rUpamAM grahaNa karyo. paNa temanA matanuM vizeSatva e che ke paramANuomAM paraspara bheda dekhADavA mATe paramANuniSTha eka eka padArthano teo alaga alaga svIkAra kare che. A vizeSatAne lIdhe temanA darzananuM nAma vaizeSika paDyuM. te sivAya kaNAde gautamanA batAvelA pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna ane zAbda e cAra pramANone anAvazyaka mAnyAM che. upamAna ane zAbda e pramANone to vyartha samajI temaNe choDI dIdhAM che. ema jaNAya che ke bauddhono kSaNa-vijJAnavAda gautamanA kSaNa-vijJAnavAdanuM mAtra anukaraNa che. A vidhAna barAbara nathI lAgatuM. jJAnanI kSaNikatAno svIkAra sau dAniko kare che. temAM anukaraNano prazna nathI.] maharSi gautamanuM kathana che ke jaDa padArtha-samUha ati-alpa-sthAnavyApI che. yogAcAra sampradAyanA bauddhonuM kathana che ke jJAna-samUha ati-alpa-kSaNa-sthAyI che. ghaNAno evo khyAla che ke jaimini (mImAMsAdarzananA sthApaka) zAkyamuni pachI utpanna thayA che. teo kahe che ke teo potAne bauddha jaNAvI bauddha guru pAse bhaNatA hatA ane eka vAra temanI pAsethI nirIzvaravAda sAMbhaLyo. jaimini raDI paDyA eTale te bauddha nathI ema kaLAI gayuM, ethI temane kADhI mUkyA. tyAre temaNe mImAMsAdarzananI racanA karI, paNa bauddhanuM nirIzvaravAda saMbaMdhI maLela zikSaNa manamAMthI na khasyuM tethI IzvaranA astitvano temaNe svIkAra na karyo. temaNe potAnA darzanamAM yajJasaMbaMdhInA paraspara virodhavALI zrutionI mImAMsA karI che. mahAbhASyakAra pataMjali I.sa.pUrve bIjI zatAbdImAM vidyamAna hatA ema yuropanA paMDitono mata che. temaNe sAMkhyadarzananuM ja anusaraNa karyuM che. vizeSatA eTalI ja che ke kapila Izvarane mAnatA nathI, kiMtu pataMjali Izvarane mAne che ane jIvAtmA keve prakAre Izvarane prApta karI zake te potAnA 1. DaoN. satIzacaMdra vidyAbhUSaNano 'Aryadarzanono saMkSipta itiAsa' nAmaka lekha. (vasanta 13-10 pR. 623) d

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judAjudA graMthakAro 277 darzanamAM darzAve che. Ama vicAraNA cAlI, paraMtu ATaluM to cokkasa rIte joI zakAya tema che ke brahmasUtra athavA vedAnta darzananAM mULa sUtromAM yogadarzana, kSaNikavAda, zUnyavAda Adi matono ullekha che eTale vedAMta pahelAMnuM bauddha darzana che. te vedAMtadarzanamAMthI pachI zaMkarAcArya, rAmAnuja, vallabhAcArya ane madhvAcArya e dArzanikoe potapotAnA abhiprAya anusAra advaitavAda, viziSTAdvaita, zuddhAdvaitavAda ane vaitavAda mata anukrame racyA che. A paikI phakta zaMkaranA advaitavAda sAthe bauddhanA mAdhyamika darzananuM paraspara ghaNuM sAdaDyuM che. mAdhyamiko jevI rIte pAramArthika ane sAMkRtika ema be avasthAo mAne che tevI ja rIte zaMkarAcArya paNa pAramArthika ane vyAvahArika ema be avasthAo svakAre che. mAdhyamikonA matamAM muktAvasthAmAM jIvAtmA ane jagat zUnyatAmAM pariNata thaI jAya che, jyAre zaMkaranA matamAM jIvAtmA ane jagatu brahmamAM lIna thaI jAya che. zaMkarAcArya jene nirguNa ane niSkriya brahma kahe che tene bauddha zUnya kahe che. baMne anusAra muktAvasthAmAM avidyAno dhvaMsa thaI jAya che. vedAMtamAM huM brahma chuM' ema jJAna thavAthI mukti prApta thAya che, jyAre mAdhyamika kahe che ke huM zUnyatA mAtra chuM" - e jJAna dvArA nirvANa prApta thAya che. sarvadarzanasaMgrahanA praNetA mAdhavAcArye prasaMgAnusAra padmapurANano zloka uddhata karela che temAM lakhyuM che ke mAyAvAda (zaMkarano) te pracchannabauddha mata che. koI kahe che ke A vedAMta para kaTAkSavacana che, jyAre vijJAnabhikSunA matamAM - prAcInavedAMtamAM mAyAnI bilakula gandha paNa nathI. tethI te pravacanabhAdhyamAM tyAM sudhI lakhe che ke atyAre jeo potAne vedAntI hovAnuM abhimAna kare che temano mata ullekhayogya paNa nathI judAjudA graMthakAro maitreya (I.sa. 400nI AsapAsa) - teNe mahAsamaya-sUtra, bodhisattvacayanirdeza ane matadazabhUmizAstra yogAcAra e traNa graMtho racyA che. AryaasaMga (I.sa. 4pa0 AsapAsa) - teNe gaMdhAra (hAlanuM pezAvara)mAM janma lIdho hato. prathama mahAzAsaka zAkhAno anuyAyI hato ane hInayAnanA vaibhASika darzanane mAnato. pachI mahAyAnanuM yogAcAra darzana svIkAryuM. teNe bAra graMtho racyA che. nAlaMdanA vizvavidyAlayamAM ghaNAM varSa teNe gALyAnuM kahevAya che. vasubaMdhu (I.sa.480 AsapAsa) - teno paNa janma gaMdhAramAM thayo hato ke jyAM tenuM smaraNacihna hatuM evo ullekha hena-sAMge karela che. tenA pitAnuM nAma kauzika hatuM. pahelAM sarvAstivAdanuM vaibhASika darzana avalaMkhyA pachI tenA jyeSTha baMdhu asaMge mahAyAnanA yogAcAra darzanamAM dIkSA ApI. teNe zakala, kauzAmbI, ane ayodhyAmAM ghaNAM varSa vihAra karI ayodhyAmAM svargavAsa karyo. tenuM caritra saMskRtamAMthI cInI 1. mAyAvAdamIstra pracchanna vIvitatuM ! mayaiva kathitaM devi kalau brAhmaNarUpiNA / / 2. DaoN. na tIracaMdra vidyAbhUSaNano 'Aryadarzanono saMkSipta itihAsa' nAmaka lekha.

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278 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto bhASAmAM I.sa. pa57-569mAM avatarita thayuM che. teNe bahusaMkhyaka kiMmatI graMtho racyA ane teno tarkazAstra nAmano graMtha bauddha sAhityamAM nyAya parano zreNIbaddha graMtha kahevAya AcArya diggAga - (I.sa.500nI AsapAsa) AMdhra (hAlanuM madrAsa ilAkAnuM teliMgana) dezamAM kAMcI nagara pAse siMhavatramAM janmyA hatA. te vasubaMdhunA ziSya thayA ane pachI nAlaMdanA vidyAlayamAM brAhmaNa sudarjayane ane bIjA vAdIne vAdamAM harAvI bauddha karyA. AthI 'tarkaDuMgava'nuM biruda meLavyuM. orisAmAM rAjAnA kozAdhyakSa bhadrapAlitane bauddha dharmamAM lAvyA. vizAla vidvAnuM ane prajJAvAnuM te hatA. pallava vaMzanA bauddha rAjA (ke je AMdhranA nAza pachI - 436 sana pachI sattAdhIza thayA ane pachI jene tenA vegInA rAjyamAMthI pUrvanA cAlukyavaMzIya kunja viSNuvardhane hAMkI kADhayA. I.sa. 552-580mAM pallavarAjAnI rAjadhAnI kAMcI pazcimanA cAlukyavaMzIya rAjA vikramAditya pahelAe laI lIdhuM)nA vakhatamAM diggAga thayA. te parathI jaNAya che ke te pa00 sananI AsapAsa hatA. kavi kAlidAsa potAnA kAvyane diggAganA sthUlahastathI dUra rAkhavAnuM kahe che (meghadUta glo. 14) temaja bIjA graMthakAro - vedAMtI ane jeno tenI sAme thayA che. temanA graMtho pratibhAthI pUrNa che. nAme pramANasamaya, nyAyapraveza, hetucakra harmarU; te sivAya temaNe pramANasamuccaya vRtti, pramANazAstrapraveza, AlaMbanaparIkSA ane tenI vRtti, trikAla-parIkSA vagere graMtho racyA che. dharmapAla (I.sa. 600-635 AsapAsa) - te naiyAyika drAviDa dezanA kAMcIpura (madrAsamAM hAlanuM kAMjIvarama)no rahevAzI ane maMtrIputra hato. tenI yuvAnavaye rAjA ane rANIe potAne tyAM notaryo hato. tyAM duHkha ane zokathI pIDAtAM ekadama bhikSunAM vastra paherI cAlI nIkaLyo. janmathI ja tenAmAM buddhicApalya hatuM. nAlaMdAnA vizvavidyAlayamAM praveza pAmI mahAnuM pada meLavyuM. teNe bhatRhari sAthe pANininA vyAkaraNa para bhedAvRtti lakhI che. te yogAcAra darzanane mAnato. tenA graMtho AlaMbana-pratyaya-dhyAnazAstra vyAkhyA, vijJaptimAtratA siddhizAstra vyAkhyA ne zatazAstra vaipulya vyAkhyA che. AcArya zIlabhadra (sana 635 AsapAsa) - te samataTa (baMgAla)nA rAjAnA vaMzano ane brAhmaNakulano hato. dharmapAlano ziSya ane nAlaMdAnA vizvavidyAlayamAM pachI mukhI thayo hato. te nyAya ane zAstramAM nipuNa hato. AcArya dharmakIti (sana 635 - 650 AsapAsa) - cuDAmaNi dezamAM (ghaNuM karI coDa ke cola deza ke je pUrva dakSiNa prAMtamAM Avela che), bIjAnA kahevA pramANe trimaya dezamAM (baMne eka ja deza lAge che) brAhmaNakuLamAM janma pAmI 16 varSanI uMmare to sarva darzanonA tattvajJAnamAM niSNAta thayo hato, paraMtu bauddhonA sahavAsathI tenA dharma para vaLatAM bauddha upAsakano veza lIdho ane brAhmaNoe jAti bahAra karyo. tyAMthI madhyadeza (magadha)mAM AvatAM AcArya dharmapAle saMghamAM lIdho ane ane tipiTakano abhyAsa pUrNa rIte karyo. pa00 sUtro ane dhAraNIo mukhapATha karyo. anya darzanono abhyAsa karavA gulAmano veza laI kumArila nAmanA tIrthikane tyAM jaI tenA

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judAjudA graMthakAro 279 rAjyaprApta khetaramAM gulAma tarIke kArya karI saMtoSa ApI tenI pAsethI tenA darzananuM pUrNa jJAna meLavI kaNAdanA darzananA anuyAyI nAme kaNAdagupta ne bIjAnI sAthe vAdamAM Utaryo. traNa mAsa vAda cAlatAM ghaNAne bauddha karyA. kumArila tethI 500 brAhmaNane laI vAda karavA Avyo. teNe zarata karI ke je hAra pAme tene mArI nAMkhavo. dharmakIrti kumArikanuM maraNa icchato na hovAthI evI zarata karI ke je hAre te potAno dharma mUkI bIjAno svIkAre. Akhare tema thayA pachI kumArila ne 500 brAhmaNo zarata pramANe hAratAM bauddha thayA. tyArapachI nigraMtho (jaina) rAhuvartI ane bIjA ke je viMdhyaparvata pAsenA dezamAM vasatA hatA (digaMbarIya) tenI sAthe vAda karyo, pachI kavali (drAviDa ?)mAM AvI ghaNA tIrthiko sAthe vAda karI judAMjudAM potAnA dharmanAM darzanone pUnaHsthApita karI uddhAra karyo. A brAhmaNa taiyAyika udyotakara para AkSepa karela che. jyAre dharmakIrtinI pratyakSa pramANa vyAkhyA para bRhadAraNya-vArtikanA kartA mImAMsaka surezvarAcArya tathA aSTa-sahastrikAnA kartA digaMbara jainAcArya vidyAnaMde TIkA karI che. vAcaspati-mizra paNa teno AdhAra TAMke che. teNe diggAge racelA bauddha nyAya para ghaNo sudhArovadhAro karyo che. tenA graMthomAM pramANa vArtikakArikA, pramANavArtikavRtti, pramANavinizcaya, hetubiMdu, hetubiMduvivaraNa, tarkanyAya athavA vAdanyAya, saMtAnAMtara-siddhi, saMbaMdha-parIkSA, ane te para vRtti che. | vinItadeva (sana 700 AsapAsa) - govicaMdranA putra lalitacaMdra rAjAnA samayamAM te nAlaMdAmAM rahetA hatA ane dharmakIti govicaMdranA samayamAM maraNa pAmyA. govicaMdranA pitA vimalacaMdra mAlavanareza bhartRharinI bahena sAthe paraNyA hatA. A bhartRhari ne te ja nAmanA vaiyAkaraNI ke je sana 651 - 65ramAM maraNa pAmyA te eka ja che ema dhArIe to pachI tenA samakAlIna govicaMdrane I.sa. 7mAM zatakamAM mUkI zakIe, ane tethI evA nirNaya para AvI zakIe ke govicadranA putra lalitacaMdra paNa A vakhate vidyamAna hatA ke je samya dharmakIrtinA samaya sAthe saMgata thAya che. te dharmakIrtinA graMtho para vinItadeve TIkA racI che. vaLI mahAnuM caMdragominuM (sane 700 AsapAsa) - pUrvamAM kSatriyakule vArendra (baMgAlamAM hAlanuM rAjazAhI)mAM teno janma thayela che. te sAhitya, vyAkaraNa, nyAya, jyotiSa, saMgIta, lalita kalA ane vaidhakamAM ati nipUNa hato. AcArya sthiramati pAse sUtra ane abhidharma piTako zIkhI vidyAdhara AcArya azokathI bauddha dharmamAM Avyo. tene buddhadevatA avalokitezvara ane tArA nAmanI devI para acala zraddhA hatI. vAleMdranA rAjAe tene potAnI dIkarI paraNAva nuM mAguM karyuM, paraMtu tenuM nAma tArA hovAthI potAnI devI tArAnuM apamAna thAya ema dhArI paraNavAnI nA pADI. AthI rAjA kuddha thayo ane tene eka peTImAM pUrI gaMgA nadImAM nAMkhI dIdho. peTI taratItaratI samudramAM gaMgA maLe che tyAM eka beTa pAse aTakI gaI, tyAM caMdragomine tArA devIne prArthanA karavAthI te peTImAMthI bahAra nIkaLI zakyo. te bheTamAM pachI te rahyo ane te parathI te beTanuM nAma caMdradvIpa paDyuM. tyAM bauddha upAsaka tarIke avalokitezvara ane tArA devInI mUrtio sthApanA karI. dhImedhIme te beTa eka zahera jevo thayo. tyAMthI laMkA

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280 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto jaI dakSiNa hiMdamAM AvatAM vararacinA gharamAM nAgasena (pataMjali)kata pANini vyAkaraNa para bhASya joyuM. te barAbara na lAgatAM pote caMdra vyAkaraNa nAmanI TIkA pANini para karI. cAndra vyAkaraNa svataMtra che. jena hemacaMdrAcArya (sa.1088-1172) AnuM nAma potAnA graMthamAM TAMke che jyAre kAzikA-vRttino kartA jayAditya (661-662 I.sa.) tenuM nAma jaNAvato nathI, tethI jayAditya pachI ne hemacaMdra pahelA A vidyamAna hatA. A vakhate zrI harSano putra zIla rAjA rAjya karato hato ane vareMdramAM licchavI jAtino siMha rAjA rAjya karato hato. zrI harSane nAme prasiddha zrI harSavardhana hovo joIe (647 I.sa). AthI Ano samaya I.sa. 700 lagabhaga gaNI zakAya. teNe caMdra vyAkaraNa sivAya nyAyAloka siddhi nAmano nyAya para graMtha racela che. ravigupta (725 sana AsapAsa) - kAzmIramAM teno janma thayo hato. te mahAnuM kavi, dArzanika ane tAMtrika hato ane kAzmIra temaja magadhamAM 12 mahAnuM dhArmika vidyAlayo sthApyAM hatAM. vAreMdranA bharSa rAjAno samakAlIna hato. teno prasiddha tAMtrika bhikSu sarvajJamitra ziSya hato. teNe nyAyano graMtha nAme pramANavArtika vRtti racela che. zAntarakSita (i.sa.749) - te svataMtra mAdhyamika darzanano anuyAyI ane nAlaMdanA vizvavidyAlayamAM adhyApaka hato. tenI sahAyathI tibeTamAM rAjAe sana 749mAM magadhanA detapura vihAra jevo saMyeno vihAra baMdhAvyo hato. 13 varSa tibeTamAM gALyAM, ane tyAM AcArya bodhisattva e nAmathI vadhu paricita thayo. teNe nyAyanA vAdanyAyavRtti viracitArtha ane tattvasaMgrahakArikA graMtha lakhela che. kamalazIla (I.sa.750 AsapAsa) - zAntarakSitano anuyAyI hato ane nAlaMdAmAM taMtrono abhyAsa karAvato. tibeTamAM mahAyAna hosiMga nAmanA cinAI sAdhune vAdamAM harAvyo hato. teNe ghaNI prasiddhi meLavI hatI. nyAyabiMdu pUrva pakSe saMkSipta ane tattvasaMgrahapaMjikA e graMtha racyA hatA. kalyANarakSita (829 sana AsapAsa) - e mahAnuM vAdI ane dharmottarAcAryanA guru hatA. teNe ghaNA graMtho racyA che. - dharmottarAcArya (I.sa.847 AsapAsa) - kalyANarakSita ane kAzmIranA dhamakara dattanA ziSya hatA. 847 sanamAM rAjya karatA vanapAla rAjAnA samayamAM te kAzamIramAM thayA. temane dharmottara -- TippanakanA kartA malliNa (962 I.sa.), ane svAduvAda ratnAvatArikAnA kartA ratnaprabhasUri nAmanA prasiddha jaina taiyAyike potAnA graMthamAM TAMkela che. temaNe aneka graMtha racela che. muktakuMbha (847 sana pachI), arcata (847 sana pachI), dAnazIla (899 sana AsapAsa), jinamitra (899 AsapAsa), prajJAkaragupta (940 AsapAsa), AcArya jetAri (940-980 sana), jina (983 I.sa. AsapAsa), jJAnazrI (983 I.sa. AsapAsa), ratnavaja (983 I.sa. AsapAsa), ratnAkara zAMti (983 AsapAsa), vAkyaja (983 AsapAsa), mAri ( 15) I.sa. AsapAsa), ane zaMkarAnaMda (1050 I.sa. AsapAsa) - ema uttarottara ghaNA bauddha naiyAyiko ane vidvAno thayA 1. juo 1. rAtIzacaMdra vidyAbhUSaNakRta History of the Medieval school of Indian logic.

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vibhAga-2 : gautama buddha janma : bAlyakALa : yuvAvasthA (gRhasthAzrama) koIpaNa puruSe dAkhala karelI rItinIti je pramANamAM cirasthAyI vA vyApaka rahe te pramANamAM te puruSanA mahattvanuM tAratamya TharatuM hoya to gautama buddha jevo mahAnuM puruSa A dezanA aitihAsika kAlamAM thayo ja nathI ema kahIe to cAle. jeNe potAnA zatrupakSa - brAhmaNo taraphathI paNa IzvarAvatAra tarIke mAna meLavyuM, jeNe prAraMbhelo dharma eka kALe AkhA jagatamAM phelAze ke zuM evI zaMkA utpanna thavA lAgI, ane je dharma sAMpratakALe paNa A duniyAnI mAnavajAtinA moTAmAM moTA bhAgane pratyakSa ke parokSa rIte vaMdya thaI rahelo che, te puruSanI sAthe samAnatA dharAvanAra eka paNa nAma A dezanA itihAsamAM jovAmAM AvatuM nathI emAM kAMI navAI nathI. AvA A alaukika puruSanA caritra ke zikSaNano jeTalo bhAga aitihAsika daSTithI nirvivAda manAya che teTalo ja ahIM ApIzuM. buddha eTale jeNe bodhi - uccatama adhikAra - zikSA ane prajJAnI pUrNatA sudhI gayela pAyarI meLavela che te. paraMtu bauddhadharmI loka jene mATe A sanmAnabodhaka zabda vApare che te puruSano janma zakya nAmanA eka ucca kSatriya kulamAM I.sa.pUrve chaThThA zatakanA madhyamAM kapilavastu (hAlamAM tenuM nAma padIrA che ke je gorakhapura jillAnI uttare che)mAM laMbinI nAmanA vanamAM thayo hato. A janmasthAnanA smaraNArthe mahArAja azoke I.sa. pUrve 329mAM 'hi mAvaM nAteti" ahIM bhagavAnano janma thayo hato evA lekhayukta staMbha Ubho karyo. zAkya kuLamAM janmavAthI temane zAkyamuni paNa kahevAmAM Ave che, ane gautama e gotranAma che ke jenAthI te bauddha dharmagraMthomAM prasiddha che. I.sa.pU. 600nA sumAre te zAkya nAmanA kSatrIonuM kapilavastumAM eka 1. zaoNpanahaoNra nAmano pAzcAtya philasUpha paNa potAnA mukhya graMtha nAme The world as will and idea"mAM jaNAve che ke "If I were to take the result of my philosophy as the standard of truth, I would be obliged to concede to Buddhism the pre-eminence over the East. In any case it must be a satisfaction to me to see my teaching in such close agreement with a religion which the majority of mankind upon the earth hold as their own." 2. aitihAsika daSTithI eTalA mATe ke hiMdamAM itihAsa kathArUpe rahela che temAM kalpanAnuM ane tene lIdhe camatkArika ane alaukika vAtonuM mizraNa caritranAyaka pratyenA atibhaktibhAvane laIne tema ja caritra AlekhanAramAM rahela kavitvathI lagabhaga pacAsa TakA jeTaluM hoya che. tethI prathama darzane tenA satyAsatya mATe sahaja zaMkA UThe che. AthI prabala aitihAsika purAvA vagara amuka pUrvakAlIna mahAvyakti jaNAvyA pramANe vastutaH vidyamAna na hatI, paNa mAtra manohara kAlpanika citra che ema koI kahe to tene khoTo TharAvI zakAya nahi ! buddhanA saMbaMdhamAM abAdhita pramANa che ke te aitihAsika puruSa che, tethI tenA camatkAra vagere bAda karI saMzaya TALavAno ahIM prayatna che.

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282 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto nAnuM mahAjanasattAka rAjya hatuM. gautamanA pitA zuddhodana ane tenI mAtA mAyAdevI ke jenA pitAnuM nAma saprabuddha hatuM te paNa zAkyakulanAM hatAM. mAyAdevInI bahena nAme mahAprajApati (gautamI) paNa zuddhodananI bIjI strI hatI. mAyAdevI prasUti mATe piyara jatAM rastAmAM ja laMbini vanamAM prasta thaI putrano janma Apyo. te ja buddha. tenuM mULa nAma siddhArtha pADyuM hatuM ema kahevAmAM Ave che. paraMtu tipiTakamAM te nAma kyAMya paNa jaNAtuM nathI.) A bodhisatva -- bhAvI buddha hatA. tenA janmasamaye thayelA kahevAtA camatkArone tipiTakamAMthI AdhAra maLato nathI. bodhisatva jamyA pachI tenI mAtAnI sAthe tene zuddhodana rAjA potAnA mahelamAM laI gayo. asita nAmanA RSie AvI evuM bhaviSyakathana kahyuM ke "A kumAra jaMgano uddhAraka thaze." (juo suttanipAtta graMtha). mAyAdevI prasUti thayA pachI sAtame divase svargastha thaI (juo vinayapiTakano cullavagna nAmano graMtha). A parathI AdhyAtmika daSTie ema kahevAmAM Ave che ke jyAM bodhi - jJAna - prakAzano AviSkAra thAya tyAM mAyA - aMdhakAra rahe ja nahi. AthI A kumAranA pAlanapoSaNanuM kAma tenI bahena nAme 'mahAprajApati' ke je tenI zoka thatI hatI tenA para paDyuM ane teNIe A kAma bhAre ullAsa ane premathI svIkAryuM. bodhisatve gRhatyAga karyo te pahelAMnI vAta buddhacarita Adi graMthamAM camatkArika rIte varNavI che. zuddhodana rAjA potAnA putra saMbaMdhe joSIe kathelA bhaviSyathI temaja tenA para potAno vAtsalyabhAva apUrva hovAthI tenA para puSkaLa kALajI ane dekharekha rAkhavA lAgyA. dareka jAtanAM bhoga ane upabhoganAM sAdhano tenA mATe khAsa traNa mahela baMdhAvI rAkhyAM, te uparAMta dAsa-dAsIo aneka rAkhI tene koIpaNa jAtanAM zoka, glAni ke duHkha pedA na thAya evI samagra sAmagrI pUrI pADI ane cIvaTAIthI kAma levAmAM AvyuM. gAyanAdi lalita kalA, dhanurveda vagere tenA padane yogya evuM ucca prakAranuM yuddhazikSaNa, mRgayAdi vinoda vagere vyavasthA evI rIte karavAmAM AvI ke jethI teno sarvakAla tenI icchA pramANe sukhamAM jAya. Ama rAjamahelomAM rahI mojamajA te bhogavato. AvI sthitimAM koI paNa kumAra yatheccha vartana rAkhanAra mojazokhI ane ghaNe bhAge nakkI thaI jAya, paraMtu A kumAra potAnA alaukika aMkurone lIdhe UlaTo daDhanizcayI ane svAzrayI banyo. pitAne mane ema ke ekAda duHkhada prasaMga kumArane prApta thatAM te mAtra zamazAnavairAgyano viSaya na banavA uparAMta daDha vairAgyanuM rUpa dhAraNa karaze, paraMtu duniyAnI viSama bAjunuM jJAna saMtatine dhIredhIre ApavuM e auSadha gaNAya chatAM amaryAda pitRpremane laI zuddhodane duHkha e zuM che eno khyAla ja na Ave te rIte vizeSa kALajI rAkhavA lAgyA. 16mA varSanI vaye kolIvaMzanA rAjAnI putrI nAme *yazodharA sAthe tene paraNAvyo ane te saMyoge rAhula nAmano putra thayo. vakhata jatAM eka vakhata akasmAt tene bahAra pharavA javAnI IcchA thaI, ane cA nAmanA potAnA 1. A nAma graMtho parathI jaNAya che, paraMtu A ja tenuM kharuM nAma ke nahi te khAtarIthI kahI zakAya nahi, kAraNake temAM 'bhadukA' - bhadrakRtyA vA gopA evAM nAma paNa jovAmAM Ave che. vaLI biMbo ane kyAMka yazovatI e nAma paNa ApelAM che.

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janma : bAlyakALa : yuvAvasthA (gRhasthAzrama) 283 sArathi sAthe rathamAM besI te pharato hato eTalAmAM eka vyAdhigrasta, vRddha, ane mRta evA traNa puruSonAM anukrame darzana thayAM. sArathie vyAdhi, jarA ane maraNanAM ugra svarUpo bodhisattvane samajAvyAM, te uparathI saMsAranA viSayo para tIvra vairAgya utpanna thayo, ane gRhatyAgano nizcaya daDha thayo. (buddhacarita) A saMbaMdhamAM buddha potAnI pUrvasthitino vRttAMta tipiTakanA suttapiTakamAMnA aMguttara nikAyamAM nIce pramANe jaNAve che : bhikSuo ! huM bahu sukumAra hato. mArA sukha mATe mArA pitAe taLAva khodAvI, temAM vividha prakAranI kamalinIo vAvI hatI. mArAM vastro rezamI hatAM. TADhatApanI mArA para asara na thAya, mATe mArA sevako mArI upara zveta chatra dharatA. ziyALA mATe, unALA mATe ane comAsA mATe mArA judAjudA traNa rAjamahela hatA. jyAre huM comAsA mATe bAMdhelA mahelamAM rahevA jato, tyAre cAra mahinA bahAra na nIkaLatAM strIonAM gIta ane vAgha sAMbhaLI kAlakramaNa karato. bIjAone tyAM, sevako ane nokarone halakA prakAranuM anna apAtuM, paNa mAre tyAM mArAM dAsa-dAsIone mAMsamizrita uttama bhAta apAto hato. AvI saMpattino upabhoga letAM letAM mArA manamAM evo vicAra Avyo ke avidvAnuM sAmAnya manuSya pote vRddhapaNAnA sapATAmAM AvavAno che, topaNa gharaDA mANasa tarapha joI kaMTALe che ne teno tiraskAra kare che ! paraMtu huM paNa ghaDapaNanA phAMsAmAM phasAvAno chuM. mATe jo sAmAnya manuSya peThe jAgrasta mANasathI kaMTALuM ke teno tiraskAra karuM to te mane zobhe nahi - A vicArane lIdhe mAro juvAnIno mada samULago jato rahyo. avidvAn sAmAnya pote vyAdhinA sapATAmAM sapaDAvAno che, chatAM vyAdhigrasta manuSya tarapha joIne kaMTALe che, ane teno tiraskAra kare che ! paraMtu huM jAte vyAdhinA sapATAmAMthI chUTyo nathI, ne vyAdhigrastathI kaMTALuM ke tiraskAra kare to te mane zobhe nahi. A vicArathI mAro Arogyamada samULago jato rahyo. avidvAn sAmAnya manuSya pote maraNadharmI hovA chatAM mRta zarIra tarapha joI kaMTALe che ne teno tiraskAra kare che ! paraMtu huM paNa mRtadharmI chuM, chatAM sAmAnya manuSyanI mAphaka mRta zarIra tarapha joIne kaMTALuM ke teno tiraskAra kare, to te mane zobhe nahi. A vicArathI mAro jIvita mada taddana gaLI gayo." Ama pitadvArA eka rAjaputra pramANe sarva prakAranA mojazokhanAM sAdhano potAne pUrAM pADavAmAM AvyAM hatAM topaNa tethI tenuM samAdhAna thayuM nahi. jarA, vyAdhi ane maraNanAM ugra svarUponI kalpanA uttarottara tenA manamAM daDha thatI gaI, ane teno tAruNya, Arogya tathA jIvitano mada cheka gaLI gayo. 1. buddhacaritamAM jaNAvyuM che ke eka devatA vyAdhigrasta vagerenAM traNa rUpa anukrame laI Avyo hato.

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284 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta ItihAsa ane siddhAMto gRhatyAga - mahAbhiniSkramaNa gautama potAnA zayanagRhamAM gayo ane vicAramAM paDyo. sarva svajana gADha nidrAmAM jatA hatA, rAtri vyatIta thatI hatI. paraMtu potAne UMgha AvI nahi, Akhara tyAgano pUrNa nizcaya thayo. sArathi catrane kaMthaka nAmano azva sajaja karavAnuM kahyuM ane te daramyAna potAnI priya patnInuM aMtima darzana karavAnuM ane tene potAno nizcaya jaNAvavAnuM mana thayuM eTale jyAM putra rAhula sahita yazodharA sUtI hatI tyAM gayo, ane temane gADha nidrAmAM sUtelAM joyAM eTale vicAra thayo ke jo huM temane jAgrata karI mAro nizcaya jaNAvIza to vadhu mohajALamAM lapaTAvAno bhaya rahe che, AthI tene na jagADatAM turata ja madhyarAtrIe ASADhazudi pUrNimAne dine citra sArathi ane kaMthaka azvane laI gRha-zahera-sarvano tyAga karI cAlI nIkaLyo, ane 30 yojana vaTAvI anomA nAmanI nadI UtarI tyAM aTakyo. AbhUSaNo catrane ApI dIdhAM, mastakanA vALa kApI nAkhyA ane rAjya-vastro paNa tajI dIdhAM. zramaNanAM 3 vastro paheryA ane catrane 'mAtApitAne praNAma kaheje" ema kahI vidAya karyo. A gRhatyAgane abhiniSkramaNa athavA mahAbhiniSkrimaNa kahevAmAM Ave che. A vAtanuM varNana buddhanA zabdomAM nIce pramANe che. (majijhamanikoyamAMthI ariyapariyesana sutta juo.) he bhikSao ! huM paNa saMbodhijJAna thavAnI pUrve bodhisattAvasthAmAM, svataH janmadharmI hato te kAraNe janmanA pherAmAM sapaDAyelI vastuo (putra, dArA, dAsI, dAsa vagere)nI pAchaLa lAgyo hato, temAM vAsanA rahI hatI (eTale mArA sukhanuM avalaMbana tenA para che evuM mane lAgatuM hatuM.) svataH jarAdhama hovAthI, vyAdhidharmI hovAthI, maraNadharmI hovAthI, zokadharmI hovAthI jarA, vyAdhi, maraNa, ane zokanA pherAmAM paDelI vastuo pAchaLa lAgyo hato. tevAmAM mArA manamAM evo vicAra Avyo ke huM svataH janma, jarA, maraNa, vyAdhi, ane zoka sAthe saMbaddha hovAthI tenI sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvanAra putra-dArA AdinI pAchaLa lAgyo chuM e ThIka nathI, to pachI A janmajarAdithI thanArI hAni joIne ajAta, ajara, avyAdhi, amara ane azoka evA parama zreSTha nirvANapadano zodha karavo e ja mAre yogya che. he bhikSuo ! Avo vicAra karatAM karatAM keTaloka kAla gayo, te vakhate huM taraNa hato, ane mAro eka paNa vALa sapheda thayo na hato ane bharajuvAnImAM mArAM mAbApa mane rajA ApatAM nahi hatAM, AMkhamAMthI nIkaLatA azrupravAhathI temanAM vadana bhIMjAyelAM hatAM, te rotAM hatAM, topaNa (te sarvanI paravA karyA vagara) ziromaMDana karI kASAya vastratha deha DhAMkI gharamAMthI bahAra nIkaLyo. (saMnyAsI. thayo.)" bhramaNajIvana : zodha : tattvaprApti : dIkSA hAthamAM bhikSApAtra laI anupiyanA AmravanamAM eka aThavADiyuM gALI tyAMthI magadhanA pATanagara rAjagRhamAM eka dinanI musApharI karI AvyA. tyAMnA rAjA seniya

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bhramaNajIvana : zodha : tattvaprApti : dIkSA 285 (zreSya, zreNika) bimbiyAre A mahApuruSane potAnA rAjamahela parathI mArge jatAM jotAM potAnA mANasa pAse bolAvI maMgAvyA. te bhikSA laI zahera bahAra nIkaLI gayelA hovAthI rAjA pote pAMDava nAmanA parvatamAM temanI pAse gayo. baMne vacce saMvAda thatAM rAjAe potAnuM sarva rAjya ApavA taiyAra che mATe kSatriyadharma svIkAravA Agraha karyo, paraMtu temaNe nirvANa prApta karavAnA mArga vacce na AvavA jaNAvyuM. daDhatA pAse mahAlAlaca niphaLa nIvaDI. (juo suttanipAtamAMnuM pambakkA sutta) ahIMthI AgaLa jatAM jyAM ALAra (koI ArADa kahe che) kAlAma ane rAmaputra udraka ke je vidvAna brAhmaNo hatA ane tattvajJAnIo kahevAtA hatA tyAM buddha AvI temanI pAsethI tattvajJAnanuM zikSaNa levA mAMDyuM. temanI pAsethI samApatti (samAdhi)nI judIjudI avasthAo jANI. teonA vicAro jANyA. A saMbaMdhe bu saccaka nAmanA eka nigrantha (jaina) paMDita ke je vaizAlI nagarImAM raheto hato ane jene agnivessana paNa kahetA hatA tene uddezIne je kahyuM te ahIM jaNAvavuM yogya thaze : (juo majhimanikAyamanuM mahAsaccaka sutta). (1) "he agnivessana ! A pramANe pravajyA dhAraNa karI huM gharamAMthI bahAra paDyo. parama sukhAvaha kaI vastu che tenI zodha huM karato hato, - anuttara zreSTha zAntisthAnano patto meLavavA huM pharato hato evA samayamAM ALAra kAlAma pAse AvI meM kahyuM he kAlAma ! ApanA A dharmapaMthamAM praveza karavAnI mArI icchA che." tyAre kAlAe kahyuM, "AyuSyanuM ! tuM A mata pramANe anusara. vidvAn manuSya A mata pramANe cAle che to te amAruM tattva zuM che te jANI zake che." turata ja AdhAra kAlAmanuM tattvajJAna huM zIkhyo. vAdavivAda karavAmAM cAlAka thayo, paNa te badhuM "popaTa paMkhI jevuM hatuM. kAlAmanA bIjA ziSyo paNa mArA jevA ja popaTiyA jJAnamAM pravINa hatA. A popaTiyA jJAnathI mAruM samAdhAna thayuM nahi. meM mArA manamAM evo vicAra karyo ke kAlAmane anubhavajJAna thayuM nathI; tene A tattvajJAnano pUrNa anubhava maLavo joIe; eTale meM kAlAma pAse jaI evo prazno karyo ke "are kAlAma ! A tattvajJAnano sAkSAtkAra tamane kevI rIte thayo ?" tyAre kAlAme mane AkiMcanyAyatana nAmanI samAdhi zIkhavI. AthI meM vicAryuM ke kAlAmane jevI zraddhA che tevI ja mane che, jevo teno utsAha che tevo ja mAre che, jevo teno viveka (smRti) che tevI ja rIte mane che ane jevI tenI ekAgratAzakti (samAdhi) che tevI ja mAre che. jethI tene prajJAna che. tevI mArAmAM che to pachI tenI peThe huM paNa kema sAkSAtkAra karI na zakuM ? Avo vicAra karI che agikesana, thoDA ja vakhatamAM AkiMcanya samAdhi sAdhya karI. (AthI vRttizUnya mana thAya che), ane kAlAmane tenI khabara ApI, ke tarata ja teNe kahyuM ke "je samAdhino mane sAkSAtkAra thayo che te samAdhino tane thayo che, je huM jANuM chuM te tuM jANe che, mArI ane tArI yogyatA have sarakhI che to AjathI tuM ane huM A paMthanA mukhI thaIe ane A ziSyone zIkhavIe." A pramANe kAlAme mAruM bahumAna karyuM. (2) A pachI uddaka (udraka) rAmaputra pAse gayo; teNe mane naivasaMjJAnAsaMjJAyatana nAmanI samAdhi (ke je samAdhinI chevaTanI hada che) zIkhavI ane thoDA samayamAM mane sAdhya

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto thaI. te tene jaNAvatAM mAro teNe paNa satkAra karyo ane te AcArya ane ziSyano bheda gayo. AthI paNa mArI tRpta thaI nahi ane nirvANaprApti hajI ghaNI dUra che ema jANI tene paNa meM choDI dIdho. ane mahAvadhAna -- mahAna parizrama karavA AgaLa cAlyo. 286 - "A pramANe huM parama sukha - paramazAMtinA nirvANanI zodha arthe magadha dezamAM pharatAM urUvelA (uvilvA gayA pAse) Avyo. A pradeza atyaMta ramaNIya hato. ahIM zvAsocchvAsane aMkuzamAM rAkhavAnI prakriyA zarU karI. AthI mastakamAM bhayaMkara vedanA UThI ane peTamAM dAha thayo. sarva aMgamAM paNa dAha thato hato, paraMtu mAro utsAha dRDha hato, jAgRti kAyama hatI, deha mAtra durbala thayo hato. ATalI duHkhakAraka vedanA thayA chatAM mArA cittanuM pariNAma e ja rahyuM tyArapachI AhAra ocho karavAno nizcaya karyo. maga ke kaLathInA pANIthI calAvyuM. AthI atyaMta kRza deha thayo. hAtha-paga pAtaLA thayA, baraDAnAM hADakAM bahAra dekhAvA lAgyAM. pAMsaLIo khaLabhaLI gaI, AMkha UMDI UtarI gaI. aMganI kAnti karamAI gaI, peTa ane pITha eka thayAM. A veLAe mArA manamAM e vicAra Avyo ke 'je atyaMta duHkhakAraka vedanA meM anubhavI che te karatAM vadhu duHkhakAraka vedanA koI bIjA zramaNa ke brAhmaNe anubhavI nahi hoya. paraMtu A duSkara karmathI lokottara dharmajJAna prApta thaze ema mane lAgatuM nathI. A karatAM bIjo nirvANaprAptino mArga haze ke nahi ?' (ghara choDyA pahelAM huM) mArA pitA sAthe khetaramAM gayo hato tyAM jaMbuvRkSanI chAyAe besI prathama dhyAnanI samAdhi sAdhI hatI tenI mane smRti che to te nirvANano mArga nahi hoya ? AthI e mArga kho haze ema mane lAgyuM. meM mArA manamAM kahyuM ke huM zA mATe samAdhisukhathI bIuM chuM ? te mojamajAthI maLatuM sukha nathI, temaja pApakAraka nathI to AvA sukhathI bIvAthI kaMI saravAnuM nathI; paraMtu A durbala dehane sukha sAdhya thanAra nathI to dehanuM saMrakSaNa karavA anna paNa khAvuM joIe. "tyAra pachI annasevana karavA lAgyo. mArI sevA arthe pAMca bhikSu (paMcavaggiya - kauDinya ane bIjA) rahetA hatA. mane je dharmajJAna thaze te potAne kahevAmAM Avaze evuM temane lAgyuM hatuM, paraMtu meM annasevana karavA mAMDyuM ke temane nirAzA thaI ane A to DhoMgI che ema samajI mane choDI cAlatA thayA. A annagrahaNathI dhIme dhIme mArA dehamAM zakti AvI ane samAdhisukhano anubhava karavA lAgyo." A pramANe1 1. A baMne yogamArganA pravartaka hatA. budghacaritamAM sAMkhyamata pravartaka tarIke jaNAvela che. ane te parathI bauddha dharma sAMkhyamAMthI nIkaLyo che evuM keTalAka pAzcAtya paMDita kahe che, paraMtu A saMbaMdhIno AdhAra tipiTakamAMthI maLato nathI. kAlAma vaizAlImAM ghaNA ziSyo sahita raheto hato. te AtmA zAzvata che ane upAdhithI mukta thatAM pUrNa mukti pAme che evuM mAnato hato. udraka AtmabhAva para vizeSa bhAra ApI karmanAM pariNAme AtmA sukhaduHkha pAme che ane janmAMtara le che e jaNAvato hato. buddhe AtmAno ane AtmAno eka janmathI bIjo janma thAya che te vAtano niSedha karI teno karmavAda kAyama rAkhyo. buddhe jaNAvyuM ke karma che paNa AtmA karmano kartA nathI. punarjanma che paNa eka janmano AtmA pote bIjo janma leto nathI, kAraNake 'huM kahuM chuM, huM karuM chuM,' emAM je 'huM'no bhAva che te mithyA che. e kharo hoya to huMbhAvathI mukti na thAya. Ama anya bauddha graMthamAMthI hakIkata maLe che. -

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bhramaNajIvana : zodha : tattvaprApti : dIkSA 287 ALAra kAlAma ane udraka rAmaputra sAtheno paricaya thayo. (3) kAlAma ane udrakane choDI bodhisattva maMdiravAsI sAdhuone maLyA. tyAM teo yajJathI hiMsA karatA hatA tethI temane upadeza Apyo ke "A dharma nathI. maitrIbhAva sarva pratye rAkhavo e ja kharo dharma che. prANahAni karI pApano nAza kadI thato nathI to naitika pavitra jIvana gALavuM e ja uttama che.' (4) tyAra pachI uparokta pAMca bhikSuo pAse AvyA. tyAM temane tapa karatA ane IdriyanuM damana karatA joyA; tethI potAnA manamAM tema karavAno utsAha Avyo. cha varSa sudhI ugramAM ugra tapazcaryA karI dhyAnarata thayA. paNa te tapa nirvANapadane mATe Avazyaka nathI ema upara jaNAvyA pramANe teno nirNaya thayo. niraMjanA (hAlanI phalyu) nadImAM snAna karI pAchA pharavAnuM karyuM paraMtu deha durbaLa thavAthI cAlI zakAyuM nahi eTale mUrchA AvI. pAse jatI sujAtA nAmanI govALanI kanyAe vaizAkha zudi pUrNimAne dine khIra ApatAM temane bhAna AvyuM. AthI tapazcaryA e zarIra temaja mananA baLane hAni pahoMcADanAra che ema samajI tapano tyAga karyo ane dhyAna ane AtmanirIkSaNanI kriyA AraMbhI. ukta bhikSuo temane tajI gayA. have mAra (setAna)nI sAthe thayela yuddhano prasaMga Ave che ke jemAM teNe Apela pralobhanone -- tRSNA, arati, ane rAgane jItI teno parAbhava kare che; ane eka azvattha (bodhi)vRkSa nIce besI dhyAnavicAramAM paDatAM pUrvajanmonuM jJAna thayuM ane saMsAranA duHkhano uddhAra thavAno mArga temane pragaTa thayo. bodhisattva bodhi-saMbodhi (svabodhana) prApta thatAM buddha thayA. sat ke jenI zodha pAchaLa bhagIratha prayatna sevyo hato te prApta thayo. (A vRkSane tethI 'bodhivRkSa' kahevAmAM Ave che.) buddha thayA pachI tene saMbuddha, tathAgata, sugata, dharmarAja, mArajit jina Adi saMjJA ApavAmAM Avela che. pRthakajana (sAmAnya buddhinA manuSya) A satya kadI paNa prApta na karI zake. te prApta thatAM pote teno upadeza sarvajagatane karavo Avazyaka che ema samajI tema karavAno nizcaya karyo. A dharmamArga te cAra Aryasatya che, ke jenI aMdara Arya aSTAMgika mArga, ane pratIya samUtpAdano samAveza thAya che.? - sAta divasa sudhI tyAM ja te prakAzano anubhava karyo. teTalAmAM utkala (orissA)thI nIkaLI madhyadeza tarapha tapusma ane bhaklika nAmanA be vepArIo raste jatAM maLyA. temaNe buddhano upadeza sAMbhaLyo eTale teoe temanuM zaraNa grahyuM ane buddha ane dharmamAM zraddhA rAkhI tenA anuyAyI thayA, upAsaka thayA. kAraNake A vakhate saMgha'nI utpatti thaI na hatI. pahelAM kone upadeza Apavo e vicAra karatAM AdhAra kAlama ane udraka rAmaputra 1. AdhyAtmika dRSTie Ane mAnasika vikRti kahI zakAya. 2. A temaja AnI pachInuM vistRta varNana jovuM hoya to juo mahAvacca ke jenuM aMgrejImAM bhASAMtara "rokeDa buksa opha dha IsTa' e graMthamAlAnA 13 ane 17mA vaoNlyumamAM thayela che. 3. A saMbaMdhe siddhAMto tarIke AgaLa kahevAmAM Avaze.

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288 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto yAda AvyA, kAraNake te baMne teno dharma samajavA samartha hatA. paraMtu tarata ja te maraNa pAmyAnA khabara maLatAM upara jaNAvela dehakaSTane prasaMge sahAya ApanAra pAMca bhikSuone dharmano upadeza karavAnuM lakSa gayuM. ASADha sudi pUrNimAne dine teonA nivAsasthAna (kAzInA mRgavana)mAM javA nIkaLyA. mArgamAM AjIvikapaMthano sAdhu upaka maLatAM teNe pUchelA praznanA uttaramAM potAno manoratha kahyo. te sAMje mRgavanamAM pahoMcatAM pAMca bhikSuoe dUrathI buddhane joI arasaparasa saMkalpa karyo ke zramaNa gautama Ave che to tene mAna na ApavuM. paraMtu te najIka AvyA tyAM temanI anicchA chatAM UbhA thaI mAna ApyA vagara rahevAyuM nahi. zramaNa gautama e nAmathI saMbodhyA tyAre buddha jaNAvyuM ke ema saMbodhana na kare. huM tathAgata chuM. huM e dharmano upadeza karIza ke je uttama pavitratAthI A ja jiMdagImAM tame prApta karI zakazo. pachI madhyama pratipatuM - mArgano upadeza karI cAra Aryasatya samajAvyAM. AthI kauDinyane satyadarzana thayuM ane jeno janma che tenuM maraNa paNa che evuM jJAna prApta thayuM. ajJAta hato te jJAta thayo tethI tenuM nAma ajJAta (aana - ajJAta) kauDinya paDyuM. tene nirvANanuM prathama pagathiyuM - strotopatti phala thayuM ane teNe dIkSA lIdhI. bIje divase vASpa (vApa) ane trIje, cothe ane pAMcame divase ema anukrame bhadrika (bhadriya), mahAnAma ane azvajite (assaji) dIkSA lIdhI. pAMcame divase teone bhautika ane mAnasika prapaMcanuM anAtmApaNuM (narAbhya) samajAvyuM ke je anannAlakhaNa suttatramAM jaNAvela che. AthI teo te ja vakhate ahaMtu thayA. Ama kula cha arpata thayA. kAzImAM yazas karIne eka zrImaMta zreSThIno putra hato teNe buddha pAse AvatAM upadeza sAMbhaLI strotopatti prApta karI bIje divase ahapada prApta karyuM. tarata ja yazasUno pitA trivAcika (traNamAM zraddhA rAkhanAra) upAsaka thayo ke je sarvathI prathama hato. pachI yazanI mAtA ane patnI upAsikA thaI, ane tyAra pachI yazasUnA pa4 mitroe dIkSA laI ardhapada prApta karyuM. Ama kula buddha umeratAM 61 ahaMtu thayA. comAsuM jatAM - "pravaraNa pUruM thatAM buddhe ukta 60 ziSyone judI judI dizAomAM dharmano upadeza karavA mokalyA. ahIMthI "mizanarI'no bhAratamAM prAraMbha thayo. pote urUla (hAlanA buddhagayAmAM je mahAbodhi maMdira che tenI pAse) gayA. ahIM traNa jaTAdhArI agnipUjaka tApaso - jaTilo nAme urUvilvA-kAzyapa, nAdI-kAzyapa ane gayA-kAzyapa e traNa bhAIo rahetA hatA. tene upadeza ApI bauddha bhikSu banAvyA; ane tyArapachI ghaNA ziSyo - upAsako thayA. pachI rAjA bimbisArane Apela vacana pramANe rAjagRhamAM AvI yaSTivane UtaryA. rAjA tyAM Avyo ane pachI saMghane veNuvana bheTa karyuM. A vakhate eka sthaLethI bIje sthaLe bhaTakato sAdhu - parivrAjaka nAme saMjaya potAnA sAriputra ane mogalyAyana Adi ghaNA ziSyo sAthe rAjagRhamAM raheto hato. sAriputra ane maudgalyAyane Aryasatyane jANatAM saMjayano tyAga karyo ane buddhanA ziSya thayA. baMnee ahapada meLavyuM ane baMnene mukhya - paTTaziSyo tarIke sthApita karavAmAM AvyA.

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uttara jIvana 289 uttara jIvana anAthapiMDika - vizAkhA rAjA zuddhodanane putranA buddhatvanI khabara paDatAM teNe temane kapilavastu AvavA khAsa nimaMtraNa mokalyuM ane chevaTe tenA bAlamitra samavayaska kAlodAyIne nimaMtraNa karavA rAjagRha mokalyo ke je buddhane maLatAM bhikSu thayo. kAzIthI AvyA pachI pAMca mAsa thayA hatA. ane pachI zAkyonI bhUmi - kapilavastu AvyA. sarva zAkyo temane page paDyA. rAjAe bhikSA tyAgI rAjyapada pharI levA vinaMtI karI tyAre buddhe kahyuM 'tamAro vaMza rAjAno che, paNa mAro buddhano vaMza che. sarva buddhoe bhikSAno mArga grahaNa karyo che." pachI rAjA paNa upadeza sAMbhaLI zrotApanna thayo ane chevaTe mRtyu thatI vakhate ahaMdu paNa thayo. buddhane sarva strIo vaMdanA karavA AvI hatI. paraMtu yazodharA zaramane laI AvI na hatI. tethI pote teNInI pAse gayA. pachI potAno bhAI naMda ke je te vakhate paraNavAnI taiyArImAM hato te na paraNatAM buddhano ziSya - bhikSu thayo. pachI rAhulane zramaNera pravajyA sAriputre ApI. pachI buddha rAjagRha javAno mArga lIdho. te rAjagRha pahoMce te daramyAna mahAnAno bhAI anuraddha, bhadriya, AnaMda, bhagu, kiMbila ane devadatta temaja ghaNAoe bauddha pravajyA grahaNa karI. A vakhate prakhyAta thayela upAli nAmano hajAma paNa bhikSu thayo. pachI te badhA buddha pAse AvyA, buddha rAjagRha AvyA pachI zrAvastIthI sudatta anAthapiMDika nAmano zrImaMta vepArI rAjagRha Avyo hato. teNe buddhano upadeza sAMbhaLI temane ane saMghane zrAvastI AvavA AmaMtraNa kahyuM. tyAM buddha AvyA, te pahelAM jeta nAmanA rAjakumAra pAsethI jetavana aDhaLaka dravya ApI kharIdI saMghane arpaNa karyuM. A vakhate kozalAdhipati prasenajit rAjyadhAnI zrAvastImAM rAjya karato hato. ahIM migAra nAmano zrImaMta jaina zreSThI vasato hato tenI putravadhU vizAkhAe potAnA sasarAne bauddha dharmAnuyAyI karyo ke jethI vizAkhA "migAsmAtA' kahevAya che. vizAkhAe bIjo vihAra pUrvArAma' nAme zrAvastImAM baMdhAvI bauddha saMghane arpaNa karyo. A vihAra anAthapiMDikanA vihArathI mAtra Utarato hato. vaizAlImAM AmrapAlI (AmrapAlikA) nAmanI eka prasiddha vezyA rahetI hatI e para magadhAja bimbisAranuM lakSa gayuM ane tevI vezyA potAnA rAjyamAM paNa hoya to eka zobhA che ema jANI sAlavatI nAmanI vezyA rAjyamAM rAkhI. teNIne rAjAnA kumAra nAme abhayathI eka putra thayo ane tenuM nAma jIvaka pADyuM. A takSazilA jaI vaidaka zAstramAM pAraMgata thaI Avyo ane rAjAe rAjavaidya tarIke tene rAkhyo. jIvake ujjayinInA rAjA caMDapradyotanA ane bimbisAranA rogane nivAryA hatA. buddhane apaco thatAM jIvake auSadha ApI te rogane dUra karyo hato. pachI jIvake pradyota rAjA pAsethI be amUlya vastro roganivAraNanI bheTa tarIke maLyAM hatAM te buddhane arpaNa karyA. e temaNe svIkAryA ane bhikSuone paNa upAsako je vastro arpe - cIMtharAM jevuM vastra paNa arpe to te svIkAravAnI AjJA ApI.

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290 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto vaizAlImAM A vakhate mahAmArI pravartato hato tethI tenuM nivAraNa karavA mATe buddha pAse vaizAlIthI keTalAka mahAjana vInavavA AvyA. buddha tyAM jaI tenuM nivAraNa karyuM ane anekane dIkSA ApI saMghanI vRddhi karI. pachI rAjagRha AvyA. tyAMthI vaizAlI pAse AvyA. A vakhate zAkya jAti ane koliya jAti vacce rohiNI nadInuM pANI koNa vApare te saMbaMdhe kalaha thayo hato, kAraNa ke baMnenA rAjya vacce te nadI AvelI hatI ane tenuM pANI baMnene pUratuM thatuM nahotuM. kalaha vadhatAM yuddha thavAnI taiyArI hatI. tyAM buddha jaI baMne pakSane zAMta karyA ane upadezathI ghaNAne dIkSita karyA. A pachI thoDA vakhatamAM buddhane khabara paDI ke temanA pitA bhayaMkara mAMdA che eTale turata AkAzamArge jaI zuddhodanane vastuonI asthiratA - anityatA saMbaMdhI upadeza karyo ke jethI temaNe ahatupada meLavyuM, ane mRtyu pAmI nirvANa pAmyA. zuddhodananuM maraNa thatAM mAtA gautamIne saMsAra tyAgI sAdhvIjIvana aMgIkAra karavAnI icchA thaI, ane buddhane saMghamAM levA kahyuM, paNa temaNe nA pADI, evuM kahIne ke strIone saMghamAM praveza karavA mAgatA nathI. pachI buddha vaizAlI AvyA. AthI gautamI ane bIjI aneka strIo mastakanA keza kApI nAMkhI pIta vastra paherI page cAlIne vaizAlI AvI. AnaMde A joyuM eTale tenA manamAM ghaNI asara thaI. te sarvanA paga sUjI gayA hatA, zarIra dhULavALuM hatuM ane AMkhamAM AMsu hatAM. AnaMda turata ja jaI buddhane temane saMghamAM levA pakSa laI vinati karI. prathama te viruddha hatA, paraMtu AnaMdanA kahevAthI sarvane saMghamAM dAkhala karI bhikSaNIo banAvI. AnaMdanI vinati svIkAryA chatAM buddha strIone dAkhala karavAthI zuM zuM bhayaMkara pariNAmo Ave che tenAthI jJAta hatA. temaNe AnaMdane kahyuM, "jo saMghamAM strIone dAkhala na karavAmAM Ave, to dharma 1000 varSa raheta, paraMtu have brahmacarya ane pavitratA vadhu vakhata nahi rahe ane dharma phakta 500 varSa sudhI raheze." A vAta pachInA banAvathI kharI paDI che. strIo, gautamI paNa vAraMvAra kuddha rahetI ane pachI keTalIka bhikSaNIe kuvartanathI lokano krodha zire vahoryo hato. - vaizAlIthI zrAvastImAM eka cAturmAsa gALI rAjagRha AvatAM rAjA bikhrisAranI abhimAnI rANI khemA rAjAnI yuktithI buddha pAse lAvavAmAM AvI ane tenA upadezathI te bauddha dharmamAM AvI. buddhanA pratipakSI tarIke che tIrthiko hatA. 1. pUraNakassa" (purANa-kAzya5), 2. makhkhali gosAla (mukhali gozAla), 3. ajita kesakaMbalI, 4. pakuddha kAyana (prabhuddha kAtyAyana), 5. nigUMTha nAtaputta (nirgastha jJAtaputra - eTale jenanA mahAvIra.) ane 6. saMjaya belaDriputta (saMjaya baliSThaputra). A darekanA anuyAyI asaMkhya hatA, ane ghaNA buddhanI IrSyA karatA. AmAMno saMjaya te buddhanA ziSya sAriputra ane maudUgalyAyanano pUrvagura hato. badhA vaizAlImAM Avela mahAmArI nivArI nahi zakyA. jyAre buddha nivAryo ema bauddha graMthamAM jaNAvyuM che. vaLI bauddha graMthamAM jaNAvyuM che ke buddha rAjagRha pAse rahyA hatA te daramyAna

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uttara jIvana 291 eka zreSThIe UMcA vAMsanA para eka caMdanano kakaDo eka pAtramAM rAkhI ukta tIrthikamAMnA darekane kahyuM ke te uparathI laIne Ave evI camatkArika zaktivALo zramaNa ke brAhmaNa che ke ?' chae te prayoga karI joyo paNa koIpaNa tema karI zakyuM nahi. pachI mogalyAyana ane piMDola - bhAradvAja (buddhanA ziSyo) e baMnee te pAtra joyuM ane piMDola - bhAradvAje potAnI siddhithI UMce UDI te pAtra nIce lAvI ApyuM. A vAtanI buddhane khabara paDatAM Thapako ApI jaNAvyuM ke "AvI zaktino kadI paNa upayoga karavo nahi, kAraNake tethI dharmamAM manuSyo vadhu lAvI zakAya che ema banatuM nathI, tema bIjo kaMI lAbha nathI.' (AthI buddha tevI zaktino upayoga na kare tema siddha thatuM nathI.) te tIrthiko nirAzA pAmI bimbisAra rAjA pAsethI uttejana na maLatAM zrAvastImAM prasenajitu rAjA pAse gayA. buddhe potAnI zaktithI tyAM AkAzamArge jaI aneka camatkAra rAjA ane tIrthiko temaja loka samakSa batAvyA. AthI chae tIrthiko mugdha thayA. tethI budde jaNAvyuM ke jyAM sudhI sUrya prakAzato nathI tyAM sudhI Agiyo caLakATa mAre che paNa jyAre sUrya Uge che, ke te Agiyo kiraNothI aMjAI jaI caLakATa bilakula mArI zakato nathI. AthI pUraNa kAzyape kUvAmAM DUbI AtmaghAta karyo. 1 pachI buddha svargamAM jaI potAnI mAtA mAyAne abhidharma samajAvyo. tyAM traNa mAsa rahI vizvakarmA dvArA banAvelI nisaraNIthI saMkAzya nAmanA sthaLe UtaryA. ane tyAMthI zrAvastI AvyA. tIrthikoe tenI kIrtithI asahazIla thaI tenI viruddha AkSepa - mAnahAni thAya tema karavAnI yukti racI. ciMcA nAmanI eka taruNI je potAnI dhamanuyAyI hatI tene UbhI karI. teNIe buddha para potAnI sAthe ADo vyavahAra rAkhavAnuM ALa nAkhyuM paNa temAM te phAvI zakI nahi. temaNe AThamuM cAturmAsa bhagaMdezamAM gALyuM. navamuM kauzAmbImAM gALyuM. A vakhate saMghamAM kalaha thayo. eke amuka niyamano bhaMga karatAM bIjAe tene ughADo karyo. A kalaha vadhI paDatAM buddha vacamAM paDyA paNa zamyo nahi. pachI buddha cAlI gayA. keTaloka vakhata vItyA bAda pharI vAra te bAbata para nirNaya ApavAnuM kahevAmAM AvatAM temaNe te kalaha patAvyo. agiyAramuM cAturmAsa rAjagRha pAse thayuM. ekadA eka khetara pAsethI buddha jatA hatA. tyAM eka brAhmaNa khetInuM kAma majUra pAse karAvato hato te bolyo "are ! zramaNa ! huM kheDIne vAvuM chuM ane tema karI AjIvikA calAvuM chuM. tuM paNa kheDI-vAvI te para nirvAha calAva." buddhe kahyuM "are ! brAhmaNa ! huM paNa kheDIne vAvuM chuM ane tema karI mAro khorAka kamAuM chuM." brAhmaNe Azcaryacakita thaI kahyuM, huM to tema joto nathI, kAraNake tamArI pAse nathI haLa ke baLada, to pachI kema karo cho ?' buddhe kahyuM, "zraddhA e bIja che ke je huM vAvuM chuM, bhakti te varasAda che, vinaya te haLano saLiyo che, mana te dhUMsarInuM baMdhana che, sAvadhAnatA te mAruM haLa che. satya te bAMdhavAnuM hathiyAra 1-2. A vAta satyathI vegaLI lAge che. chae tIrthiko bhegA thAya che ane chevaTe buddha abhimAnayukta kathano kahe vagere mAnI zakAya tema nathI. A uparAMta tyAra pachInAM kathana paNa kalpanAmAM AvI zake tema nathI.

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292 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto che, ane komalatA te choDavAnuM hathiyAra che. zakti te mArA baLada che. AthI huM evA mArga para jAuM chuM ke jyAM bilakula duHkha nathI.' AthI A brAhmaNa - bauddha dharmAnuyAyI thayo. bAramuM cAturmAsa vejA varaMti - vairaMtya) gAmamAM ane teramuM zrAvastI ane cAlikAmAM gALyuM. 14muM jetavanamAM gALyuM ke jyAM rAhule upasaMpadA dIkSA lIdhI. te ja varSamAM kapilavastu gayA. tyAM temanA sasarA supratibaddha dArUthI matta banI buddhanA mArgamAM ADA UbhI gALo ApI. buddha AnaMdane AgAhI saMbhaLAvI ke AjathI bArame divase pRthvImAM te gaLI jaze. ne barAbara te ja divase pRthvI phATI ne te aMdara jaI maraNa pAmyo. kapilavastuthI jetavana ane tyAMthI AlAvI tarapha AvatAM bAlakabhakSaka yakSane dharma pamADyo. yakSe kahyuM, huM keTalAka prazno pUchIza ane teno uttara nahi ApavAmAM Ave to hRdaya cIrI gaMgAnadImAM tane pheMdI daIza." yakSa prazna pUchato gayo ane buddha yathArtha uttara ApyA. tethI yakSa teno ziSya thayo ane tyAM eka vihAra bAMdhI Apyo. sattaramuM cAturmAsa rAjagRha, 18muM cAlikA, 19muM veNuvanamAM, 20muM jetavanamAM gALyuM. AnaMda buddhano upasthApaka (hamezAM sAthe rahenAra tarIke) nimAyo. aMgulimAla nAmano jabaro lUMTAro buddhanA upadezathI dharmamAM Avyo ane arvat thayo. A vakhate keTalAka virodhaka tIrthikoe prapaMca karI keTalAka pAse suMdarI nAmanI bhikSuNInuM khUna karAvI tenuM mRta zarIra jetavananI jhADImAM rakhAvyuM. ane lokamAM te maDaduM mAluma paDatAM bUma uDAvI ke gautame teNInuM khUna karyuM che. paNa kharI vAta pragaTa thaI gaI ane tIrthiko tarapha tiraskAra chUTyo. A vakhate anAthapiMDike potAnI putrIne aMgadezamAMnA potAnA eka mitranA putra sAthe paraNAvI hatI. te mitra nagna saMnyAsInA matavALo hato, tethI teNe putravadhU ghera AvatAM nagna sAdhune namana karavA kahyuM, paNa teNIe tema karavA nA pADI. Ama karIne teNIe sAsu ane bIjI strIomAM buddhanAM darzana karavA icchA jagAvI. buddha divyacakSuthI aMgadezamAMnuM A dazya joyuM ke tarata ja tyAM jaI sarvane prasanna karI potAnA dharmamAM lIdhA. aMgamAM anuruddha nAmanA ziSyane dharmapracArArthe mUkI buddha zrAvastImAM AvyA. A pachInAM 23 varSano buddha saMbaMdhe itihAsa pUro maLato nathI. chUTAchavAyA prasaMgo maLI Ave che. eka adbhuta banAvonuM prakaraNa ahIM Ave che. buddhanI uMmara 32 varSanI thaI tyAre bimbisAra rAjAnuM mRtyu thayuM hatuM ane pitAvadha karanAra teno putra ajAtazatru gAdI para Avyo hato. buddhanI kIrti sahana na karavAthI tenA ziSya devadattamAM ISyanI agni jvalita thaI hatI. potAnI siddhithI devadatte rAjaputra ajAtazatrunI kRpA meLavI hatI. ane tethI saMghano nAyaka thavAnI teNe mahattvAkAMkSA rAkhI hatI. ekadA buddha rAjagRhamAM veNuvana vihAramAM rahetA hatA tyAre devadatte jaNAvyuM ke buddha vRddha thayela che tethI saMghanuM

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uttara jIvana 293 nAyakapada choDI potAne ApavuM. buddhane traNa vakhata pUchatAM traNa vakhata nA pADavAthI devadatta te kSaNathI tenI viruddha prapaMca karavA lAgyo. buddha saMghane devadattanuM bilakula nahi mAnavAnuM kahetAM devadatta krodhita thaI ajAtazatru vaidehI putra pAse jaI tene kahyuM, 'tuM tArA pitAne mArI nAMkhI rAjA thA ane huM buddhane mArI buddha thaIza." ajAtazatrue pitAne mAravAnA ghaNA prayatno karyA, paNa te pakaDAI gayA. eTale pitAe rAjIkhuzIthI udArabhAve gAdI choDI ajAtazatrune ApI. (bIjA graMthomAMthI ema maLI Ave che ke ajAtazatrue bimbisAranuM khUna karyuM hatuM.) ajAtazatranI madadathI devadatte 16 mArA mokalI buddhane ThAra mAravAno prayatna karyo ane pachI paNa ghaNA prayatno karyA, paNa pAra na paDayA. UlaTA te mArA buddhanA upAsaka thayA; tyAre buddha gRdhrakUTa parvata upara cAlatA hatA tyAre moTo paththara pheMkyo paNa te paNa na lAgyo kAraNake buddhanA camatkArathI pAsapAsenA be parvata bhegA thaI gayA ne paththara aTakI gayo. chevaTe buddha rAjagRhamAM bhikSA arthe vicaratA hatA tyAre tenA para nAlAgiri nAmano masta hAthI choDyo. buddhe premALa daSTithI tenA tarapha jotAM te narama thaI Ubho rahyo, ane temanI caraNaraja hAthIe potAnA mAthA para nAkhI. tyAMthI te sIdho hastizALAmAM jaI Ubho. loko AthI cakita thayA ane kahevA lAgyA daNDeneke damayanti aMkasehi kasAhi ca / adaNDena asasthena nAgo danto mahesinA / . - koI lAkaDIthI, koI aMkuzathI, koI cAbukathI damana kare che, paNa maharSi buddha lAkaDI ke koIpaNa zastra vagara ja hAthInuM damana karyuM. A rIte buddhanA vadhanA badhA prayatno vyartha javAthI devadatta saMghamAM bhedabhAva utpanna karavAnI navIna yukti karI. dehadaMDane madada thAya evI rItanA navIna niyama bhikSusaMgha mATe buddha karavAnA nathI e tenI pUrI khAtarI hatI. tethI tene keTalAka navA niyama yojavAnuM kahevuM ane te mAnya nahi karaze eTale teo lokone pUrNa vairAgya zIkhavatA nathI evo pokAra karI saMghanA bhikSuone potAnA pakSamAM levAno vicAra rAkhyo. AthI te kokalika kaTamoraka - tismaka, khaMDadevIputta ane samudradattane samajAvI buddha pAse laI gayo ane sAthe potAnA matanA lokone ekaThA paNa karyA. buddhane namaskAra karIne eka bAjue beThA pachI te bolyo "bhagavad, Apa alpa icchAvALA ane saMtuSTa manuSyanA guNanuM varNana karo cho, to A navIna pAMca niyama bhikSusaMghane pALavA mATe Apa TharAvI Apo kAraNake te alpacchatA ane saMtoSa vadhAraze. (1) bhikSue mAvajIva araNyamAM rahevuM. gAmamAM rahe te bhikSune doSita TharAvavo. (2) bhikSue mAvajIva bhikSAtra para ja nirvAha karavo. je AmaMtraNa svIkArI jamavA jAya tene dUSita TharAvavo. (3) bhikSue mAvajIva rastAmAM paDelAM cIMtharAMomAMthI banAvelA cIvara upara nirvAha karavo. je bhikSu gRhastha Apela vastra laIne tenAM cIvara banAve tene doSita TharAvavo. (4) bhikSue mAvajIva vRkSa nIce vAsa karavo. je bhikSu AcchAdita (jhUMpaDI vagere) sthaLe vAsa kare tene doSita TharAvavo. (5) bhikSue. mAvajIva mAMsa-mAchalI khAvAM nahi. je bhikSu te khAya tene doSita TharAvavo.

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294 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto buddha bolyA : "devadatta ! A navIna pAMca niyamanI kAMI jarUra nathI. jenI IcchA hoya, teNe araNyamAM ja rahevuM ane na hoya teNe gAmanI najIka rahevuM. jenI IcchA hoya teNe bhikSA upara ja nirvAha karavo, ane na hoya teNe AmaMtraNa svIkArIne jamavA javuM. jenI IcchA hoya teNe cIMtharAnA cIvara upara nirvAha karavo. ane icchA na hoya teNe gRhastha ApelA vastranuM cIvara sIvavAnI harakata nathI. (varasAdanA cAra mAsa bAda karIne) ATha mahinA vRkSa nIce rahevAnI meM paravAnagI ApI che ja. bhikSAtra taiyAra karavA mATe ja mAchalIo mArI che, evuM jo bhikSue joyuM, sAMbhaLyuM hoya athavA tevI zaMkA paDI hoya to te mAchalIonuM grahaNa karavuM nahi, nahitara grahaNa karavAmAM harakata nathI." A sAMbhaLI devadattane managamatuM thayuM. teNe rAjagRhamAM A vAta jyAM tyAM prasiddha karIne keTalAeka bhikSuone ane upAsakone potA tarapha vALyA. A vAta jANIne buddhanA mukhya ziSyo sAriputta ane mogyalAna devadatta pAse gayA. devadatte potAnAmAM teo AvyA che evuM mAnI temane upadeza ApavA kahyuM ane pote nidrA lIdhI. A baMnee upadezathI saMgha choDI gayelA 500 bhikSuone pharIthI saMghamAM ANyA. devadattane nidrAmAMthI kokalike jagADyo tyAre teNe A sAMbhaLyuM. tarata enA mukhamAMthI raktastrAvA thayo ane pachI maraNa pAmyo. ajAtazatrane potAnA pitAno vadha karavAthI ghaNo pazcAttApa thayo. tenuM nivAraNa chae tIrthika na karI zakyA eTale buddha pAse Avyo ane teno upadeza sAMbhaLI bauddha thayo. ajAtazatrunA rAjyArohaNathI 9mAM varSe zAkya jAti durbhAgyavaza thaI. kozalanA rAjA prasenajitane kapilavastunA zuddhodana rAjA (buddhanA bApa)nA pachI rAja para Avela mahAnAmA ne gulAmajAtinI kanyAthI thayela putrI nAme vAsabhakhkhattiyAthI vidudAbha (saM. vidudAbha) nAmano putra thayo hato. prasenajitu A lagna chaLakapaTathI karavAmAM AvyAM hatAM te jANavAthI ane tethI zAkya tene tema jaNAvI khIjavavAthI vidUdAbhe vaira levAno nizcaya karyo. senAdhipati dIgha-kArAyananI sahAyathI potAnA pitA prasenajitane rAjya parathI uThADI mUkyo AthI prasenajitu zrAvastImAMthI nAsI gayo ne pachI maraNa pAmyo. vidudAbhe kapilavastu para AkramaNa karI zAkya jAtino nAza karyo ane pachI pote paNa ekAeka jalanuM pUra AvavAthI potAnI kozala jAti sAthe du:khadAyaka rIte maraNa pAmyo. (eka bIjA bauddha graMthamAM vidudAbhane badale viruddhaka, tenI mAnuM nAma mAlikA ane senApatinuM nAma dIrgha-cArAyaNa jaNAvela che.) aMtima varSa : parinirvANa 79mAM varSanI vaye buddha rAjagRha pAse rahyA hatA tyAre vaizAlInA vrajI jAti sAthe yuddha karavAnI ajAtazatrue taiyArI karI. A saMbaMdhe potAnA brAhmaNa maMtrI varSakAranI sAthe buddhane kahevarAvyuM, tyAre buddhe kahyuM ke jyAM sudhI vrajI saMpathI rahe che ane cAritramAM sadguNI ane dhArmika che tyAM sudhI teonI saMpatti vRddhigata thaze

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aMtima varSa : parinirvANa 295 ane kaphINa thaze nahi." varpakAre rAjA jItI zakaze nahi ema buddhano saMdeza ajAtazatrune kahyo. eka divase buddha ziSyone zIla, samAdhi ane prajJAnA lAbha samajAvyA ane pachI aMbAlatyikA (rAjagRha ane nAlaMdAnI vacamAM) sarva ziSyo sAthe jaI tyAMthI nAlaMdA, jaIne tyAMthI pATaliputra tarapha prayANa karyuM. tyAM jaI upAsakone paMcazIlano upadeza karyo. te choDatAM pahelAM temaNe agamacetI kahI ke eka divase pATaliputra mahAnuM zahera thaze, paNa te sAthe tene traNa mahAnuM jokhama nAme agni agni, pANI, kaMpa ? Avaze. (A vakhate sunItha ane varSakAra rAjAnI AjJAthI tene pharato koTa vrajIne aTakAvavA mATe bAMdhatA hatA.) tyAMthI nIkaLatAM je daravAjAmAMthI pasAra thayA tene "gautama dvAra' e nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM. pachI gaMgA nadI AvI. pANI chalochala hatuM ane haDI ke taravAnuM sAdhana hatuM nahi eTale buddha sarvane sAthe laI adazya thaI sAme tIre pahoMcyA. tyAMthI koTigrAma, nADikA, thaIne vaizAlI AvyA ane AmrapAlInA AmravanamAM UtaryA. AmrapAlI vezyA buddhanuM Agamana sAMbhaLI potAnA parivAra sahita rathamAM besI temanI pAse AvI ane buddhane sarva saMgha sAthe bIje divase potAne tyAM jamavA AvavAnuM AmaMtraNa ApyuM, je svIkAravAmAM AvyuM. te ja divase licchavI jAtinA rAjakumAro tevuM ja AmaMtraNa ApavA AvyA paNa temaNe te vezyAnuM AmaMtraNa svIkAryuM che ema kahI jaNAvyuM ke have te svIkArI zakAze nahi.' AmrapAlIe bIje divase bhojanAtithya karI saMghane potAnuM vana arpaNa karyuM. vaizAlImAMthI nIkaLI pAsenA belura nAmanA gAmamAM chelluM comAsuM gALyuM. tyAM bhAre mAMdagI AvI paNa deDha iccha,baLathI tenuM nivAraNa, turata karyuM. A vakhate 80 vapanuM vaya hatuM ane maraNa temane najIka jaNAyuM. AnaMdane pote jaNAvyuM ke "jo. pote che to eka kalpa sudhI eka ja bhavamAM potAnI camatkArika zaktithI rahI zake." paNa AnaMda mArathI abhibhUta hatotethI A sUcanA samajI zakyo nahi ane kalpapata. rahevA gurune vinati nahi karI. A vakhate mAre paNa buddhane A janmamAM vadhu vakhata nahi rahevAne lalacAvyA, paNa badhe jaNAvyuM, 'jyAM sudhI potAno dharma deDha nahi thaze tyAM sudhI pote maraNa nahi pAme." tyAre mAre kahyuM, dharma kyArano sthApita thaI gayo che.' bhagavAne uttara Apyo, 'setAna, saMtuSTa thA. parinirvANa suratamAM -- AjathI traNa mahine thaze." tyAM thI Do vakhata dharma saMbaMdhe sa ca karI mahAvanamAM AvelA kuTAgAramAM sthita thayA. e vakhate sAriputra ane pachI tarata ja maudUgalyAyana maraNa pAmyA. - buddha pAvI jaI cuMDA nAmanA luhAranA AmravanamAM rahyA. tyAM te luhAre potAne ghera AvI bIje divase bhojana levA AmaMtraNa karyuM eTale te svIkArI buddha tyAMthI bIje divase tukkaranuM mAMsa laI AvyA. A pote khAdhuM ane ziSyoe. bIjo khorAka khAdho. bhojana karI buddhe cuMDAne kahyuM ke je bAkI rahyuM che te tuM dATI, Ava. kAraNa ke Avo. khorAka tathAgata, sivAya koIpaNa pacAvI na zake.' Ama chatAM paNa. tarata ja

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296 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto buddhane jhADo - maraDo thayo. kurinA. jatAM jatAM bahu nirbaLatA AvI gaI ane nIce. besI gayA ne AnaMda pAsethI pANI maMgAvI pIdhuM. A vakhate AdhAra kAlAmano ziSya mulla jatino eka taraNa nAme pUkkasa bauddha thayo ane teNe buddhane sonerI kapaDAMnI joDa ApI jemAMnuM eka pote rAkhI bIjuM AnaMdane ApyuM. pachI buddha kakutthA nadImAM jaI snAna karyuM. pachI te UtarIne kurinArA (kuzinagara)nA upavartanamAM eka vanamAM AvI che zAlavRkSa nIce pathArI karavI te para mastaka uttara tarapha rAkhI jamaNe pAse siMhanI mAphaka eka paga bIjA para TakAvI sUtA. A vakhate thoDA kalAko parinirvANane rahyA hatA, te daramyAne upadeza karavo cAlu rAkhyo. temAM e paNa jaNAvyuM ke dareka custa bauddhe cAra sthaLa nAme tathAgatanI janmabhUmi, bodhi jyAM pAmyA te sthaLa, jayAM dharmacakrapravartana prathama karyuM te sthaLa ane parinivANabhUminI ghaNA mAnapUrvaka mulAkAta levI - yAtrA karavI. je AvI yAtrA karaze te maraNa pachI sukhavALAM vargo prApta karaze.' pachI potAnA ziSyone potAnA zabanA saMskAra mATe zrama na levA kahyuM kAraNake evA bIjA ghaNA che ke je potAne cakravartI gaNI te mATe sarva karaze. sUpane lAyaka cAra prakAranA mahApuruSo che. nAme tathAgata, pratyekabuddha, tathAgatano ziSya ane cakavartI. A vakhate AnaMda raDI paDyo. paNa buddha dilAso ApI zAMta karyo. parinirvANanI rAtre subhadra nAmano anyatIrthika sAdhu buddhane maLavA Avyo. buddha Arya aSTAMgika mArga ane Aryasatyano upadeza Apyo tethI te bauddha thayo. pachI, chelle teNe sarva bhiluM saMghane jaNAvyuM "bhikSuo ! have mAre eTaluM ja kahevAnuM che ke dareka vastu che te nAzavaMta che. utsAhapUrvaka nirvANa mATe prayatna karajo." A aMtima vacano kahyA pachI prathama dhyAnAvasthAmAM praveza karI, bIjI trIjI ane cothI dhyAnadazA anukrame pasAra karI. cothI dhyAnAvasthAmAM anaMta AkAzamAM, tyAMthI anaMta saMjJAmAM, tyAMthI anaMta zunyatAmAM, tyAMthI anaMta na vijJAna na avijJAnamAM ane pachI evI avasthAmAM AvyA ke jayAM taddana vijJAnano nAza che. punaH tyAMthI punarAvartana karI eka - pachI eka avasthA chellethI pahele sudhI pasAra karI. pAchI prathama dhyAnAvarathAmAMthI bIjI, trIjI ane caturtha dhyAnAvasthAmAM AvyA ne tyArapachI nivANa pAmyA. pachI A rAtrIne aMte anuddha nAmanA ziSya AnaMdane mallajAtinA kumArone buddhanirvANa saMbaMdhI khabara ApavA mokalyo. teoe AvI ati uttamapaNe mahotsava karyo. zabane agnisaMskAra mahAkAyapa AvyA pachI thayo. asthi rahyAM. temAMthI eka bhAga potAne ApavA mATe ajAtazatru rAjAe karAvI mokalyuM. vaizAlInA licchavIoe, kapilavastunA zAkyoe, allaka pUnA balio e, gamagrAmanA kolIoe, pAvAnA. mallo e ane vethadIpanA eka brAhmaNe paNa tevo hakka - bhAga mAgyo. ane te sarvee te para stUpa karavAnuM vacana ApyuM. pahelAM sinArAnA mallo te avazeSano koI paNa bhAga ApavA mAMgatA nahi, paraMtu droNe brAhmaNe asarakAraka upadeza karI jaNAvyuM ke buddhanA avazeSo para stUpa thavI joIe ane A bhAgamAM tene vaheMcavAthI ATha stUpa thaze ane tethI buddha paranI zraddhA vRddhi pAmo:

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aMtima varSa : parinirvANa AthI teo saMmata thayA. droNe ATha sarakhA bhAga sarvanA kahevAthI karI ApyA. pote eka temanuM pAtra rAkhI te para stUpa karAvyo. A pachI pippalivananA mauryoe eka bhAga mAgyo, paNa kaMI bAkI na hatuM tethI te nirvANabhUminA kolasAthI saMtoSa mAnI te para eka stUpa temaNe baMdhAvyo. A rIte ATha stUpa thayA hatA. 1. rAjagrahamAM, 2. vaizAlImAM, 3. kapilavastumAM, 4. allakappamAM, 5. rAmagrAmamAM, 6. vethadIpamAM 7. pAvAmAM ane 8. kusinArAmAM. A uparAMta droNe ane mauryoe stUpa karyAM te judA. A rIte daMtakathA ane camatkAramizrita buddhanI ciratrakathA pUrI thAya che. AmAM alaMkAra ane kalpanAthI mizrita aitihAsika tattvo ' avazya che ane sUkSmatAthI _vicAratAM te pratIta thAya tema che, chatAM te vINIne barAbara yathArtharUpe ekapaNa pustakamAM ekatrita karavAmAM AvyAM nathI tethI prathama te 52 madAra bAMdhI te lakhavA vicAra hato topaNa AvI kathAthI saMtoSa mAnavo paDyo che. AzA che ke itihAsapriya sajjano AmAMthI aneka aitihAsika bAbato prApta karI zakaze.[1] 297 [1. 'Gotama Buddha.'-Hajimo Nokamuta (1977, 1987) (Buddhist Books International, Los Angeles - Tokyo) upayogI thAya tema che.]

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vibhAga-3 : bauddha matanA siddhAMto bauddha dharmano udayakAla - te samayanA bhAratanA dhArmika vicAra ane Adarza bhAratanA prAcIna itihAsanAM sAdhanone abhAve buddhanA nirvANanA kAlano nirNaya cokkasa rIte thaI zakato nathI. chatAM vizvAsapUrvaka kahI zakIe ke bauddha dharmano udaya upaniSatkAlanA pUrNa thavA sAthe ja lagabhaga thAya che. buddhanA siddhAMto parathI ja spaSTa jaNAya che ke vedAMtanA siddhAMto AgaLa vadhyA hatA ke je carcAtmaka rItie pAchaLathI brahmasUtromAM pariNamyA. yogaprakriyAo buddhanA vakhatamAM sArI rIte jANItI hatI ane te pAchaLathI pataMjalie yogasUtramAM spaSTa kAre mUkI. vedAMtIoe Ano niSedha ke vidhi pratipAdita karela nathI. karmano siddhAMta lokomAM eTalo badho pracalita ane aMtasparzI thayo hato ke te bauddha AtmAnuM astitva svIkAratA na hovA chatAM paNa - te bauddha nAtivAdane anAtmavAdane karmasiddhAMta tadana pratikULa hovA chatAM buddhe game tema - balAtkAre paNa potAnA upadezamAM ThesavI dIdho lAge che. bauddha dharmanA udayakAle bhAratavarSamAM je je darzano hatAM te sarvee saMsArane duHkharUpe mAnI temAMthI mukti meLavavAne - parabhavano aMta ANavAne potAnA vicAra ane tattvajJAnanA Adarzane laMbAvyA che. sarva kahe che ke saMsAra duHkhamaya che, te saMsAramAMthI mukti meLavavI e ja parama ane aMtima sAdhya che ane te mokSa meLavavAno mArga che ane te mArga aMtaraMga ajJAnane dUra karI parama satyanI prApti karavI te che. have te parama satya - umAM ucca sat vastu zuM che te saMbaMdhI judAMjudAM darzanoe zabdabhede judIjudI prarUpaNA karI che. vedAMtIo ema kahe che ke paramAtmAnI pratyagAtmA - jIvAtmA sAthe ekarUpatA e ja paramapadaprApti che. sAMkhya ema kahe che ke AtmA jaDa (prakRti)thI pote vIMTAyo che tethI judo che, jyAre te prakRti nitya, anAdi che. bauddha ema svIkAre che ke AtmA jevA padArthanuM astitva nathI ane tethI paramAtmA jevuM to hoya ja nahi. parama satye te temAM kathelAM cAra Arya satya che. "brAhmaNonAM je cha darzana che temanA kAlano spaSTa nirNaya jANavAmAM Avyo nathI, paraMtu temanA siddhAMtonI paraspara saMbaMdhapUrvaka paryAlocanA karI jotAM kaMIka evo krama samajAya che ke nyAya, vaizeSikasAMkhya, yoga, pUrvamImAMsA ane uttaramImAMsA ema pravRtti thaI hoya, paraMtu te chae darzana samakAlIna na hoya ema kahI zakatuM nathI. A cha darzana vedika - vedAnuyAyI che." cArvAka, jaina ane bauddha e darzano vedane apauruSeya, anAdi, ane paramasatya - paramatattvanA avirodhI pratipAdaka tarIke mAnatA nathI, tethI brAhmaNo tene vedabAhya lekhI mAnya rAkhatA nathI. brAhmaNo vedane mUla jJAnarAzi mAne che ane temAM lakhelI AjJAo para vedAMgabhUta brAhmaNagraMtho racAyelA che. briAhmaNagraMthomAM vedanA maMtrono viniyoga batAvyo che. "vedAMga' zabda emane mATe ucita nathI, kAraNake vedasaMhitA, brAhmaNa ane upaniSada e sarvane mATe "veda" ke "zruti' zabda prayojAya che. vedAMga to kalpa, zikSA, vyAkaraNa, nirukta, chaMda ane jyotiSa e che.]

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bauddha dharma - tenA tattvajJAnanI vizeSatA 299 te vedanA aMtarUpa eTale vedAMta. e vedamAM pratipAdita karma ane upAsanAnuM paryavasAna che ane te upaniSado che. te vedapratipAdya, karma tathA upAsanAne anusarIne zrautasUtro, smArtasUtro ane dharmasUtro upajAvelAM che ane smRtionI vyavasthA thaI che. upaniSadomAM batAvelA jJAnamArgane anusarIne vedAntasUtronI vyavasthA thaI che. cArvAka, jaina ane bauddha vedadharmathI vistaratI karmajAthI nirveda pAmyA ane teo vedane anAdi apauruSeya gaNatA nathI. nAstika cArvAke taddana jaDavAdI banI vedanI karmajAlane toDI pADI svarga ane mokSanI kevala upekSA karI ane pRthvI, apU. teja, vAyu - e cAra ja tattvathI vizvanI vyavasthA sAdhI; jIva - AtmA evuM bhavAMtaragAmI manAya che te teNe mAnyuM nahi ane jema kAtho, cUno ne pAna maLatAM lAla raMga thAya che athavA madirAnI sAmagrImAM saMghAtabalathI mAdaka sAmarthya Upaje che tema cAra tattvanA maLavAthI cetanA thAya che ema potAnI vyavasthA karI lIdhI. khAIpIne AnaMda karavAmAM ja temaNe puruSArtha mAnyo. ne pratyakSa vinA anya pramANano anAdara karyo eTale parabhava, svarga ane mokSa koNe joyAM che ? evo tarka uThAvI te pratyakSa pramANamAM AvatAM nathI mATe teno asvIkAra karyo. A vAda AtmavAdathI kevala viruddha ane jaDavAdano atyaMta pratipAdaka UThyo. jaina AtmA, punarjanma, karmasiddhAMta vagere AstikadarzanarUpe sarva mAne che ane tenuM vistArathI varNana A sAthe ja ApyuM che. - buddhadeve prabodhela dharma veda vistArelI karmajAlamAM loko je moha pAmI gayA hatA ane karmakAMDa tathA varNAzramathI vistArelA bhedane vaLagI rahevAmAM dharma ane svargamokSAdi mAnatA hatA te badhuM mithyA che ema batAvI sarvatra ekAkAra premabhAva, maitrIbhAva vistAravA mATe thayelo manAya che. dharmadharmanA virodhamAM na UtaratAM sarvatra pratibhAva rAkhavAmAM - karI batAvavAmAM mokSa che e temano udghoSa hato. saMsAra duHkhamaya che mATe temAMthI chUTavA mATe prema - ekabhAva rAkhajo e temanA upadezanuM tatva hatuM. AtmA ke Izvara, jIva ne zarIrano saMbaMdha vagere je viSayone ukelavAmAM tattvajJAnanI pratiSThA che temAM na UtaratAM - te saMbaMdhe vivAda karyo nathI, chatAM cArvAkanI peThe te taddana nAstika bhUitavAdI (jaDa cAra bhUtone mAnanAra) na hatA ema spaSTa jaNAya che, kemake temanA upadezanuM tattva tyAga, prema, nIti e upara raheluM che ane karmano siddhAMta joke judI rIte paNa te upadeze che. buddha ke je jainanA chellA tIrthaMkara mahAvIranA samakAlIna hatA tethI te vakhatamAM paNa mahAvIrasamaye bhAratanI sAmAjika sthiti ane dharmabhAvanA ke je A sAthe khiMDa 1mAM jainadarzana saMbaMdhe lakhatAM ApavAmAM Avela che te ja hatI tethI tenuM punarAvartana karavuM ISTa nathI. bauddha dharma - tenA tattvajJAnanI vizeSatA vastutaH dareka darzananI - dharmanI pravRtti eka ja uddezanI siddhi arthe bahudhA [1. vedamAM nahIM mAnanAra te nAstika - e artha dArzanika sAhityamAM vizeSa pracalita che.]

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300 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto hoya che, mAtra kramonI vividhatA hoya che, ema anekone kahetAM ApaNe sAMbhaLIe chIe. tenI sAthe eTaluM paNa ApaNe svIkAravuM joIe ke dareka darzana athavA dharmanI vizeSatA paNa avazya hovI joIe. jo ema na hoya to te te darzananuM mULa cirasthAyI kiMvA daDha hoI zake nahi. ahIM tattvajJAnanA sArabhUta praznono ukela anya darzanoe pRthakupRthaka rItie karela che, paraMtu boddha dharma teno ukela karyo nathI chatAM te anya darzanothI kayA vizeSatvane laIne juduM paDe che te viSe vicAra karavAno avakAza laIzuM. jena tathA brAhmaNa dharmomAM AtmA - jIva tathA loka - saMsAra vagere vize aneka vAto kahevAmAM AvI che. (1) AtmA eTale zuM ? (2) te nitya haze ke anitya ? (3) teno uccheda koI kALe hovA yogya che ke nahi ? (4) jIvanI sAthe zarIrano saMbaMdha kevA prakAre hovo joIe ? (5) jIva ane zarIramAM yathArthataH kAMI bheda haze ke nahi ? (6) A zarIra ene ja jIva kema na kahevAya ? (7) maraNa pachI jIvanuM astitva haze ke nahi ? (8) A loka athavA saMsAra nitya haze ke anitya ? ItyAdi prazno-upaprazro darzananA - tattvajJAnanA mULabhUta gaNAya che. A sarva jAtIya praznonA anukULa nirNaya upara ja ApaNA darzananI AtmapratiSThA nirbhara che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa darzananAM mULabhUta te ja sattvo che ema kahevAnI jarUra nathI. AtmA nAmano jo koI eka nitya padArtha na hoya, zarIrathI jIvanuM bhinnatva na hoya ane maraNa pachI tenuM astitva na hoya, to pachI ApaNAM Aryadarzanone UbhA rahevAnI jagyA paNa na maLe. buddhadeve janma lIdho te pahelAM AryadharmavicArakoe upara kathelA saghaLA praznono nirNaya sthUla-sUkSma rIte karI rAkhyo hato. joke tyAra pachI aneka vicArakoe vividha prakAranI vicArazreNIo bAMdhI che, chatAM te badhAnI daSTi mULa viSaya uparathI jarA paNa khasavA pAmI nathI, koIe paNa e praznonI upekSA karavAnuM sAhasa karyuM nathI. paraMtu buddhadeve e sakaLa matavAdone "diphrijAla' - daSTijALa kivA matarUpa jALa kahI vakhoDI kADhyA hatA. ane lokoe paNa teno yathAyogya svIkAra karyo hato. brahmajALasutta athavA poThapAdasuttanA avalokanathI uparanI vAta bahu sArI rIte siddha thaI zake che. upara kahyA te viSayo eTalA badhA jaTila, temaja sAdhAraNa janasamAjane mATe eTalA badhA durgama che ke koIne niHsaMzayapaNe te samajAvI zakAya nahi. ATalA ja mATe buddhadeve vicAryuM ke e badhI AMTIghUMTIno thoDIvAra mATe tyAga karI devAthI koI paNa jAtanI kSati nathI. teoe vicAryuM ke nirvANaprAptine mATe je mArganuM avalaMbana avazya che tene mATe A saghaLA prazro upara mAthAkUTa karavAnI jarUra nathI. temaNe dhAryuM ke uparanA praznone laIne nakAmA potAnI zaktino vyaya karI, yathArtha kalyANanA mArgathI dUra ne dUra ja rahI jAya che. AtmA nitya ho athavA anitya ho,

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bauddha dharma tenA tattvajJAnanI vizeSatA 301 zarIra e ja jIva hoya athavA to zarIrathI jIva bhinna hoya tene nirvANaprApti sAthe kaMI saMbaMdha nathI. ATalA mATe teoe eka navA ja prakArano mArga darzAvyo che. 'buddhadevano avatAra vede vistArelI karmajAlamAM loko je moha pAmI gayA hatA, ane karmakAMDa tathA varNAzramathI vistarelA bhedane vaLagI rahevAmAM dharma ane svargamokSAdi mAnatA hatA, te badhuM mithyA che ema batAvI, sarvatra ekAkAra AtmabhAva, abhedaprema vistAravA mATe thayelo manAya che. vedanAM vacanonI ne arthonI takarAro, dharmadharmanA virodha, te badhuM tajI sarvatra premabhAva rAkhavAmAM, karI batAvavAmAM mokSa che e emano udghoSa hato. saMsAra duHkhamaya che mATe temAMthI chUTavA mATe prema - ekabhAva rAkhajo e temanA upadezanuM tattva hatuM. AtmA ke Izvara viSe temaNe vivAda karyo nathI, abhiprAya darzAvyo nathI, chatAM cArvAkanI peThe te nAstika [bhUtavAdI] na hatA ema spaSTa jaNAya che, kemake temanA upadezanuM tattva tyAga, prema nIti e upara raheluM che. A vAtane vizeSa spaSTa karavA bauddha dhArmika sAhityamAMthI ullekha karIe. poTnapAdasuttamAM poTyapAda sAdhue buddhadevane prazna karyo ke "saMjJA e ja zuM puruSano AtmA haze, athavA saMjJA ane AtmA e baMne nirALAM ja haze ?" buddhadeva mauna rahyA eTale pharI vAra teNe pUchyuM ke "huM e sarva samajI zakIza ? samajavAnI mArI zakti che ? saMjJA eka puruSano AtmA haze ke tethI bhinna koI padArtha che ?" buddhadeva-poTyapAda ! jyAM sudhI tArI dRSTi anyatra che, ruci anyatra che, abhiniveza anyatra che, temaja tArA AcArya paNa anyatra (abhiniviSTa) che tyAM sudhI tAre mATe e saghaLA viSayo durreya che. poTnapAda - agara mAre mATe te durreya hoya to (mArA eka ja praznano uttara Apo) A saMsAra loka zAzvata che ema kahevAya che te vAta satya haze ke loka nirarthaka - niHsAra che te vAta satya haze ? bu. - huM kAMI kaheto nathI. (prakAza karato nathI.) - ThIka, jagat azAzvata te vAta satya, ke itara vAta satya ? bu. te paNa huM kaheto nathI. po. - vAru, tyAre A lokanI chevaTe, kAMI sImA haze ke nahi ? bu. - poTyapAda ! te paNa huM kAMI kaheto nathI. po. tyAre zuM loka anaMta e ja vAta satya ane bAkI asatya ? bu. - te paNa huM kaheto nathI. po. je jIva te ja zarIra, te vAta satya ke apara vAta satya ? - - bu. - te paNa huM kaheto nathI. po. tyAre zuM jIva ane zarIra vagere bhinna che e vAta satya ? bu. - te paNa huM kaheto nathI. 1. A vAta jaina dhuraMdhara vidvAn zrImad haribhadrasUriviracita 'Sagdarzana samuccaya' nAmanA apUrva graMthanA tenIguNaratnasUrikRta TIkA sAthe karelA gujarAtI bhASAMtaranI prastAvanAmAM sva. sAkSara zrI prophe. maNilAla nabhubhAI dvivedI jaNAve che.

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302 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto po. - sAruM, tyAre mRtyu pachI paNa jIva rahe che te vAta kharI ane huM kahuM chuM te vAta khoTI ? bu. - te paNa huM kaheto nathI. AvI rIte poThapAde bIjA paNa prazno pUchaDyA. paraMtu te sarvano upara pramANe eka ja uttara maLyo. vistArabhayathI badhA ame ApatA nathI. upalA eka namUnA parathI spaSTa thaI zake che ke brAhmaNa jenAdi darzanakArI je sakala praznone laIne vyAkula banyA che ane eka eka prazna upara sUkSmamAM sUkSma seMkaDo prakAranI vicArazreNIo bAMdhI che, paNa buddhadevanuM darzana te saMbaMdhamAM cheka nirbhayapaNe upekSA kare che ane tenA uttaronI nirarthakatA batAve che. Avo prasaMga mAtra ukta eka ja sthaLe nathI, paraMtu tripiTakanAM keTalAMka sthAnomAM paNa evA ja prasaMgo maLI Ave che. koI koI vakhata evo prazna AvatAM buddha maunanuM ja avalaMbana lIdhuM che. je praznonA anukULa siddhAMto upara anya darzanonI pratiSThAno mULa AdhAra che, te ja siddhAMtono buddhadeve ekIsAthe parihAra karyo che. A pramANe anya dArzanikonA mULabhUta siddhAMtonI nirbhayapaNe upekSA karyA chatAM buddhadarzana bharatakSetramAM potAnI pratiSThA sthApI zake e te darzanano sAdhAraNa prabhAva to na ja gaNAya. evo prazna AvavA yogya che ke buddhe e saghaLA praznanA uttara yathArtha nahi jANavAne lIdhe uDAvI dIdhA haze, ke koI bIjuM kAraNa haze ? - AnA saMbaMdhamAM kahevAnuM ke jo te pote ja na jANatA hota to tamArA mATe te duya che' ema poThapAdane kahevAne badale 'tamArA mATe e zabdo na vAparata ane anneya e ja zabda vAparata. te sivAya te prazno zA sAru duya che e mATe ApaNe upara kaMIka kahI gayA chIe, chatAM buddhanA zabdomAM joIe. poThamATe jyAre joyuM ke A tattvo tene potAne mATe durNoya che tyAre te vAta paDatI mUkI pUchyuM ke "tyAre upara kahyA te matomAM kayo mata kharo haze ?' - A praznano uttara paNa saMtoSakAraka jyAre na maLyo tyAre saheje evo prazna karyo ke "Apa zA mATe mArA praznono uttara ApatA nathI ?" buddhadeve kahyuM ke - "kAraNa ke tethI koI prayojanasiddhi nathI, dharmasiddhi nathI ane mULa brahmacaryasiddhi paNa nathI, temaja upazama, abhijJA, prajJA (saMbodha) ane nirvANane mATe paNa upayogI thAya tema nathI. eTalA ja mATe huM koI evA praznano uttara Apato nathI." A uparathI jaNAya che ke mAtra be kAraNothI buddhadeve uttara nathI ApyA. (1) prazno dulzaya - sAmAnya manuSyono temAM praveza ja thavo muzkela che. (2) tenI AlocanA karavAthI kaMI prayojana saratuM nathI - lAbha nathI. A sarva prazno ke je ati gaMbhIra - ati durbodha jaNAvyA che te vize brahmajAlasuttamAM keTaloka ullekha karyo che. eka divase kauzAMbInA ghoSitArAmamAM jAtIya Adi be ziSyoe jIva tathA dehanI bhinnatA ke abhinnatA e prazna karyo tyAre buddhadeve zIla, prajJA ane samAdhi. vize samajaNa ApI jaNAvyuM ke, jyAre eka manuSya zIla, samAdhi dvArA anukrame caturtha dhyAnAvasthAe pahoMce, duHkha, duHkhanuM kAraNa - samudaya, duHkhano nirodha ane duHkhanA

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cAra Aryasatya 303 nirodhano mArga vagere viSayonuM yathAyogya tattvajJAna thAya, kAmatRSNA, bhavatRSNA, ane avidyArUpa AsavothI citta nivRtta thAya tyAre ja te jANI zake ke janmano kSaya thayo che, brahmacaryAvAsanI prApti thaI che ane kartavya saMpUrNa thayuM che. tyAra pachI tene karavA jevuM kaMI rahetuM nathI. AgaLa cAlatAM buddhadeve jaNAvyuM ke je bhikSuo (bauddha sAdhuo e nAme oLakhAya che) A tattvajJAna meLave che, ane teno anubhava kare che teone evo prazna karavAno avakAza ja nathI raheto ke "jIva e ja zarIra haze ke jIva ane deha judAjudA haze ?" AvI ja rIte pUrve kahyo te ziSya nAme poThapAdane potAnA koI praznano uttara jyAre buddhadeve na Apyo tyAre chevaTe teNe eka prazna karyo ke "he bhagavanuM ! jyAre Apa kAMI uttara mArA praznanA samAdhAna arthe ApatA nathI tyAre Apa bIjuM kAMI kahevA mAMgo cho ?' tenA uttaramAM e ja jaNAvyuM ke - "A duHkha che ema huM kahuM chuM. A duHkhanAM kAraNo che ema huM kahuM chuM, duHkhano nirodha che e paNa huM kahuM chuM ane duHkhanA nirodhano mArga e paNa huM kahuM chuM." (cAra Aryasatya). zA mATe Apa te kaho cho ?" kAraNake ethI prayojanasiddhi thAya che. dharmasiddhi thAya che; brahmacaryasiddhi thAya che. temaja te dvArA nirveda - virAga - nirodha - upazama, saMbodha temaja nirvANa paNa thavA yogya che; eTalA ja mATe huM te vize boluM chuM." A saMbaMdhe eka bauddhakathAmAM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke eka mANasane tIra lAgyuM hoya, vyathitanA dehamAMthI lohI vahetuM hoya teve vakhate tIra koNe mAryuM, tIra kevuM che e vagere prazro upara carcA calAvavA karatAM duHkhI manuSyanA zarIramAMthI tIra kheMcI kADhavuM e ja vadhAre uttama che. tevI ja rIte duHkhanAM kAraNo dUra karyA vinA jIva tathA deha vizenA vikaTa - gUDha - jaTila praznonI mImAMsAmAM - mAthAkUTamAM UtarI mAnavajIvanano mukhya lakSya siddha karavAthI vaMcita rahevA karatAM prathama duHkhathI nirmukta thaI ukta praznono svayaM nirNaya lAvavo uttama che. A prakAre duHkhanA nirodhanA upAyo darzAvI ane AtmA - jIva tathA loka - saMsAra Adi pratho te eka bAjue mUkI buddhadevanuM darzana pravartita thayuM che, temAM ja anya darzanonI apekSAe tenuM eka khAsa vizeSatva che ema kahevuM joIe. jyAre jaina dharme e praznone bauddha dharma peThe ekabAjue na rAkhatAM anya darzano peThe ukelyA che te uparAMta teNe paNa ahiMsAmaya premadharmano ja upadeza karyo che. ATaluM kahI tenA mukhya siddhAMto para AvIzuM. cAra Aryasatya buddhane kAzImAM mRgavanamAM Avela isipatana (RSipattana)mAM saMpUrNa buddhatva prApta thayuM tyAre temaNe cAra Aryasatya zodhI kADhayAM : 1. duHkha che, 2. duHkhanuM kAraNa che, 3. duHkhano nAza paNa che, ane 4. te .

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3/4 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto duHkhanuM nivAraNa karavAno upAya paNa che. A cAra satyane duHkha, duHkhasamudaya, du:khanirodha ane du:khanirodhamArga athavA du:khanirodhagAminI pratipadA kahevAmAM Ave che. Arya eTale pavitra, mahAnuM, udAtta. A to nirvivAda che ke duHkha che, te duHkhanuM kAraNa kaMIpaNa hovuM ja joIe to te duHkhane dUra karavA mATe satya mArga jANavAnI jarUra che. prathama satya (du:kha satya) : janma du:kha che; jarA duHkha che; vyAdhi du:kha che; maraNa duHkha che, zoka, parivedanA, duHkha, daurmanasya ane apAyAsa (nirAzA) e duHkha che.* janma eTale koIpaNa prANIvarganI jAtimAM janma levo te. jarA eTale pAkA vALa thaI javA, zarIre nabaLAI AvavI, cAmaDI jarjarita thavI, Idriyano vyApAra maMda paDavo vagere jemAM rahela che evuM ghaDapaNa. vyAdhi eTale roga thavo te. maraNa eTale eka jAtimAM janma lIdhA pachI te janmI tarIke nAza thavo te. zoka eTale koIpaNa jAtanA nukasAnathI thatuM duHkha. parivedanA eTale te zokathI je raDavuM, kUTavuM vagere duHkha eTale zarIrane - zarIrasparzathI je duHkha thAya che te. daurmanasya eTale manane je duHkha thAya che te. apAyAsa eTale. koIpaNa jAtanA nukasAnathI ane tene lIdhe thatA zokathI je khinnatA - nirAzA thAya che te. je je janma pAmela che tene pote je icche che te na maLavAthI duHkha thAya che. 1. AyurvedamAM zArIrika svasthatA mATe je cAra mukhya tattva gaNAvyAM che te ja cAra satya ahIM AdhyAtmika ke mAnasika svasthatA mATe mUkavAmAM AvyAM che. te ja pramANe barAbara yogasUtramAM jaNAvela che ? (juo yogasUtra, 2 (15) TIkA.) yathA cikitsAzAstraM caturvRham, rogo, rogahetuH, Arogya, bhaiSajyaM iti, evaM idamapi zAstraM caturdUhameva, tadyathA saMsAraH, saMsArahetuH, mokSo, mokSopAyaH iti. tatraH duHkhabahulaH saMsAro heyaH, pradhAna puruSayoH saMyogo heyahetuH, saMyogarayAtyaMtikI nivRttini, hAnopAyaH samyagdarzanam -- = jema cikitsAzAstra roga, rogano hetu, Arogya ane auSadhAdi upAyo ema cAra vibhAga (saMkSipta avayavaracanAvALuM) che, tema sarvanA anugraha mATe pravRtta thayeluM A yogazAstra paNa saMsAra, saMsArano hetu, mokSa ane mokSano upAya ema cAra yUha (saMkSipta avayavaracanA)vALuM che. te cAra bhUhamAM duHkhabahula saMsAra te heya che, pradhAna ane purupano saMyoga e heyanuM kAraNa che, te saMyoganI AtyaMtikI nivRtti te hAna kiMvA mokSa che, ane te hAnano upAya samyagdarzana che. 2. A satya navIna nathI, buddha pahelAMnA brAhmaNa graMthomAM jaNAvela che ke : na nara na mRtyune zo: - chAMdogya 48-8-1, na paDyo mRtyuM pati na ronuM - chAMdogya 7-26-2, nara mRtyumati - bRhadAraNya 3-5-1; na ta2 roja na nara na mRtyu - zvetAzvatara 2-12; nanma mRtyu narA vyAdhi doSAnudarzanam - gItA 13-6; nanmamRtyu gara,H rvimuvato SmRtagmate - gItA 14-20, A chellI be gItAnI kaDIothI buddhanI ukti bhinna nathI.

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cAra Aryasatya janmane lIdhe jarA, vyAdhi Adi sau prApta thAya che ane te duHkho mAtra icchA karavAthI dUra thAya tema nathI. icchita na maLe te ja duHkha che. priya vastuno viyoga e duHkhakAraka che. matalabamAM pAMce upAdAnaskaMdha duHkhakAraka che. A jIvana duHkhamaya che ane tethI te jIvana zuM che te jANyA pachI te kevI rIte duHkhamaya che e jANavAnI jarUra che tethI jIvananuM svarUpa joIe. jIvana-svarUpa dareka jIva nAma ane rUpano banela che. nAmathI sarva mAsika AMtarika dAkhavAya che ane temAM pAMcaskaMdhamAMthI rUpaskaMdha sivAyanA cAra skaMdhano samAveza thAya che nAme vedanA, saggA (saMjJA), saMkhAra (saMskAra) ane vijJANa (vijJAna). A sAthe rUpaskaMdha ke je daihika vyApAra sUcave che tene bheLavatAM sarva maLI paMca skaMdha thAya che, eTale nAmarUpamAM pAMce kaMdhono samAveza thAya che. - rUpaskaMdhamAM 'cAra mahAbhUta - dhAtu nAme pathavI-dhAtu (pRthvI), apo-dhAtu, tejodhAtu, ane vAyo-dhAtu (vAyu), ane temAMthI nIpajatAM dareka rUpano samAveza thAya che. pRthvI-dhAtumAM zarIrano nakkara ne sakhata bhAga jevo ke vALa, nakha, dAMta, cAmaDI, mAMsa, hADakAM, meda, AMtaraDAM, hojarI, phephasAM, vagere samAveza pAme che. apo-dhAtumAM je zarIrano pravAhI bhAga che jemake lohI, paru, prasveda, AMsu, rasI, thUMka, lIMTa, mUtra vagereno samAveza thAya che. tejo-dhAtumAM zarIrano je agnimaya - prakAzamaya bhAga che jemake zarIranI garamI, khAdhuM je agnithI pace che te Adino ane vAyudhAtumAM je zarIrano vAyu padArtha che te eTale ke zvAsocchvAsa, zarIranI aMdara rahela havA, vagereno samAveza thAya che. A sarva - hADakAM, lohI, garamI, zvAsa vagere cAre dhAtuo mAAM nathI; te huM nathI. huM (attA AtmA) te nathI. Ane vizeSa samajavA mATe visuddhimagga (vizuddhimArga) nAmanA bauddha graMthamAM kahela che ke jevI rIte ratha e mAtra paiDAM, dharI, te para lAkaDAM vagere sAmagrI mAtra che ke je amuka rIte goThavavAthI thAya che, paraMtu te chUTAM pADIe to te tha nathI eTale pAramArthika dRSTie joIe to ratha te ratha nathI, - jema ghara te lAkaDAM mATI, pANA vagereno samUha amuka rIte goThavAI thayela che. paNa pAramArthika dRSTie te ghara nathI, tevI ja rIte jene ApaNe jIva kahIe chIe te pAMca skaMdhano samUha che - te dareka skaMdha chUTuM paDatAM amuka 'huM' te 'huM' temAM nathI eTale pAramArthika dRSTie 'AtmA' nathI, ane zarIra te hADakAM ane snAyuthI banela eka maryAdita jagyA che. - 305 - 1. A cAreno artha anukrame vijJAna dRSTie Inertia, Cohesion (baMdhanalakSaNa), Radiation and Vibration (calana-lakSaNa) thaI zake. A cAra paraspara-mizrita balothI sarva vastuo potAnI hayAtI dharAve che ema bauddha dharma jaNAve che. zarIranAM 24 guNa-lakSaNo AnA para AdhAra rAkhe che H nAme cakSu, karNa, nAsA, jillA, zarIra, rUpa, zabda, gaMdha, svAda, puruSatva, strItva, bala, hRdaya, zarIranAM iMgita, vANI, polA bhAga (jevA ke kAna, nAkanA), caMcalatA, sthitisthApakatA, anurUpa thavAnI zakti, vRddhi, aMtara, jarA, bhinnatA, mUlamAM pheraphAra. (AnI TIpa ane pirabhASA joIe to juo vimigga.)

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto vijJAnaskaMdha - jo cakSu sAjI hoya ane tenI dRSTimaryAdAmAM bAhya vastuo rUpa Ave to teno saMyoga thAya che ane pachI samaja jJAna vijJAna thAya che, tethI vijJAnanI utpatti keTalAMka kAraNo para AdhAra rAkhe che ane te vijJAna je kAraNa para AdhAra rAkhe che te kAraNanA nAmathI te vijJAna oLakhAya che. cakSu ane rUpa para AdhAra rAkhanAra vijJAna te cakSurvijJAna, zrotra ane zabda para AdhAra rAkhanAra vijJAna te zrotravijJAna, ghrANa (nAka) ane gaMdha para AdhAra rAkhanAra vijJAna ghrANavijJAna, jIbha ane svAda (rasa) para AdhAra rAkhanAra vijJAna jiAvijJAna, zarIra ane zarIrasparza para avalaMbanAra vijJAna kAyavijJAna ane mana ane vicAro para AdhAra rAkhanAra vijJAna manovijJAna kahevAya che. vijJAna te spaSTa jJAna pratIti che ane temAM ApaNe jene sat-asat pArakhavAnI zakti - viveka kahIe chIe teno paNa samAveza thAya che. boddhagraMtha nAme dhamma-suttamAM vijJAnAdi cAra AMtarika skaMdhonI vyAkhyA lagabhaga nIce pramANe Ave che : vijJAna eTale aMtaramAM je spaSTa jJAna thAya te. vedanAskaMdha vijJAna ane rUpaskaMdhanA saMbaMdhathI utpanna thato sukhaduHkhAdi pratyayano pravAha. saMjJAskaMdha gau ityAdi zabdane sUcavanAra vijJAnapravAha eTale AthI koI padArthanuM viziSTa jJAna ke jethI te padArthane oLakhI zakIe. saMjJA - savikalpaka avadhAraNAtmaka nizcayAtmaka jJAna, vijJAna - nirvikalpaka nirvicAra viSayAkAra jJAna uparAMta, sAmAnyataH caitanyavAcI. saMskAraskaMdha - vedanA skaMdha upara AdhAra rAkhanAra rAgadveSAdi kleza, madamAnAdi upakleza, dharma ane adharma te. [saMskAraskaMdha - e vAsanA che; temAM icchA vagereno paNa samAveza thAya che. prANI A pAMce skaMdhanA samUhathI pudgala - puggala ke jene ApaNe jIva (individual) kahIe te thAya che. jIvanano khulAso A pAMca skaMdha che ema bauddho kahe che ane jaNAve che ke A sivAya anya koI paNa A bhavamAMthI javA ane anya bhavamAM pravezavAno khulAso nathI. 306 1. A pramANe baudvetara graMtha nAme sarvadarzana saMgrahamAM vedanA Adi skaMdhanI vyAkhyA ApavAmAM AvI che paraMtu te zabdomAM rahelI aspaSTatAne laIne kharI vyAkhyA karavI durghaTa che. pAlisUtromAM saMjJA, vedanA e baMnene judA skaMdha tarIke gaNavA uparAMta baMnene saMskAraskaMdhanA peTAbhAga gaNelA che. A nyAyapuraHsara tathA samajI zakAya tema nathI. saMskArane viveka tarIke oLakhIe to ema thAya. - 2. pudgala e mULa jaina zabda che. teno vyutpatti artha purana galana eTale kharavAno gaLavAno jeno svabhAva che te. A vyutpatti artha pramANe ja jaino tene jaDa padArthane (karma Adine) lagADe che. A parathI temaja DaoNkTara harmana yAkobIe jaNAvelA Asrava zabdathI puravAra thAya che ke jaina dharma bauddha dharmathI prAcIna che ane jaina dharmamAMthI pudgala ane Asava zabdaparibhASA bauddhe laI potAne yogya lAgatA arthamAM vAparela che.

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cAra Aryasatya 307 A sarva skaMdho kSaNika che, ane tethI te duHkhamaya che, ane parivartanazIla che. tethI te saMbaMdhe koI paNa kharI rIte kahI na zake ke "A mAruM che, A huM chuM ane A mAro huM che. kharI rIte e ja kahI zakAya ke A mAruM nathI, huM A nathI; A huM (attA) nathI." AthI je zarIramAM, vedanAmAM, saMjJAmAM, saMskAramAM ane vijJAnamAM AnaMda le che, te duHkhamAM majA mAne che ane je evA duHkhamAM AnaMda mAne che te duHkhamAMthI kadIpaNa mukta thatA nathI. tethI buddha traNa bAbatamAM cetavaNI kahe che ke : "tuM aMdhakAramAM bhame che. (1) kadI te vRddha - jarApIDita manuSya joyala nathI ? ane te joyA pachI kadI paNa tane vicAra Avyo che ke huM paNa jarAne adhIna chuM, ane zuM koIpaNa upAyathI huM temAMthI chUTI zakuM tema nathI ?' (2-3) te ja pramANe kadI te vyAdhigrasta manuSyane ane mRta manuSyane joyala nathI ? ne joyela che to pachI tane kadI paNa evo vicAra kryo che ke huM paNa vyAdhine ane maraNane vaza chuM ane zuM koI paNa upAya nathI ke jethI te vyAdhi ke maraNamAMthI (sadAne mATe) chUTI zakuM ?" Ama ne Ama saMsAra' anAdi ane aMtarahita che. koIpaNa tenI Adi joI ke vicAramAM lAvI zakyuM nathI. dareka tRSNAne laI navo janma le che ane ema eka pachI eka janma laI saMsAramAM paribhramaNa kare che. sagAM-svajana-mitra-dArAdika maraNa pAme che, navAM putra-putrI Adika janme che. maraNa para rUdana-zoka thAya che ane janma para harSa thAya che ane te zoka ne harSa karanAra pote paNa maraNa pAme che. Ama saMsAra vadhato jAya che. saMsAra e pAMca skaMdhonA samUhanI akhaMDa sAMkaLa che ke je skaMdho kSaNe kSaNe niraMtara pharatA jAya che ane ekabIjA pachI cAlu pravAhamAM anAdi kAlathI cAlyA jAya che. A saMsAramAM eka jIvanano kAla te nAnAmAM nAno apUrNAMka che tethI A prathama satya samajavA mATe saMsAra para, tenA aneka janmo ke je eka pachI eka anaMta thAya che tenA para khAsa nirIkSaNa rAkhavuM joIe, ane tenAM kAraNa tapAsI tene dUra karavuM joIe. bIjuM satya - duHkhasamudaya : duHkhanuM kAraNa - samudaya zuM che ? uttaramAM tRSNA ke jethI janmAMtara thAya che ane Asakti utpanna kare che. te tRSNA (tahA) traNa prakAranI che : kAmatRSNA eTale viSayasukhanI tRSNA, bhavatRSNA eTale svargAdi bhava levAnI tRSNA ane vibhavatRSNA eTale hato-nahoto thavAnI tRSNA. bhavataNA nitya AtmavAda (zAzvata dRSTi - sAsmata dikI) ane A zarIrathI vivikta AtmA che ke je eka zarIra choDI bIjA zarIramAM bIjo janma levA praveza kare che e vAda sAthe gADha saMbaMdha dharAve che. vibhavatRSNA ahaMbhAvathI utpanna thAya che. A alpa jIvanamAM evI rIte vyavasthA karavI ke jethI jeTalI bane teTalI majA maLe evI tRSNA te vibhavatRSNA che. 1. saMsAra e su - eTale saravuM e dhAtu parathI thayela che. teno vyutpatyartha bhramaNazIla e thAya che. bauddha dharmamAM teno artha e parathI evo thAya che ke kaMdho je niraMtara kSaNekSaNe - eka pachI eka kSaNe niravadhikAla sudhI pheraphAra pAmatA jAya che enI akhaMDa sAMkaLa.

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3/8 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto SaDAyatana - A tRSNA kevI rIte janma pAmI potAnAM mULa nAkhe che enA uttaramAM nIce pramANe bauddha dharma khulAso Ape che : cakSu AnaMdapUrNa che. manuSyane AnaMda Ape che. tethI tyAM tRSNA janma pAmI vRddhigata thAya che. tevI ja rIte karNa, nAka, jIbha, kAya, ane mane AnaMda Ape che. tethI tyAM tRSNA janma pAmI vadhe che. te chatAM paDAyatananA viSayo rUpa, zabda, gaMdha, rasa, sparza ane vicAro te chathI thatuM vijJAna, te chathI thato sparza, te chathI thatI vedanA, te chathI thatI saMjJA, te chanA ukta viSayo mATe Asakti ane te viSayo para vAraMvAra ciMtanathI manuSyane AnaMda thatAM temAMthI tRSNA janme che, ane puSTa banI potAnA mULa ghAle che. manuSyane game te prakAranI lAgaNI eTale vedanA thAya, pachI te sukhakAraka, duHkhakAraka ke sukhakAraka ne duHkhakAraka na hoya tevI eTale upekSAvedanA hoya, paNa te vedanA vizeSa anubhavI temAM te majA le che tethI tRSNA utpanna thAya che. vedanA pachI tRSNAthI upAdAna (bhavabaMdhana) thAya che, ane te bhava utpanna kare che. bhavathI - karmathI bhaviSyano janma (jAti) utpanna thAya che. jAtithI jarA ane maraNa, zoka, parivedanA, duHkha, daurmanasya, apAyAsa utpanna thAya che. Ama kAraNaparaMparA cAle che ke jene pratItya samutpAda kahe che. AnuM varNana have pachI karIzuM. trIjuM Aryasatya - duHkhanirodha : Ano artha uparokta tRSNAno azeSa vairAgyathI nirodha karavo, teno tyAga karavo, tene pheMkI devI, tenAthI mukta thavuM ane te thakI parAvRtta thavuM. nirodha - kAmatRSNA, bhavatRSNAthI mukta thatAM bhavamAM avAtuM nathI kAraNake A tRSNAno nitAMta nAza thaye ja upAdAna (bhavabaMdhana) aTake che, upAdAnanA dUra thavAthI bhava aTake che, bhavathI karma (eTale huM karuM chuM e bhAvathI kareluM kArya) aTake che, karmanA nAzathI punarjanma - bhAvI janma aTake che. ane te aTakavAthI jarA, maraNa, zoka, parivedanA, duHkha, diaurmanasya ane apAya nirAzA) baMdha thAya che. AnuM nAma duHkhanirodha. 'nirvANa - A ja zAMti. bhavamAMthI aTakavuM, tRSNAno nAza karavo te ja uttamamAM uttama aTakAva - nivANa ( nibbAna) che, kAraNake lobha, dveSa, (pAlimAM dosa'), ane mohathI aMdha banavAthI manuSya mAnasika du:kha anubhave che, temaja saMskArathI manuSyane duHkha thAya che to te duHkhathI mukta thavuM ke jethI anya janma thAya nahi ane janmathI paraMparAe AvatAM jarA-maraNa AdithI mukta thavAya tenuM nAma 1. nirvANa saMbaMdhe pAzcAtya paMDitonA aneka tarka che. koI tene abhAvamAtra (Annihilation) jaNAve che, to bIjo ema jaNAve che ke e yogya nathI, boddhonI ATalI moTI saMkhyA che te phakta abhAvane mAne te saMbhavanIya nathI, buddha bhagavAna akriyAvAdI (Annihilationist) che evo Aropa temanA para temanI hayAtImAM ja temanA virodhI mUkatA hatA. A saMbaMdhamAM buddhane ekadA vajI jAtanA senApati siMhe pUchelA praznano uttara A rIte teNe Apyo hato, "siMha ! A Aropa eka artha pramANe kharo che. sarva pApavicAranI (akuzala saMskAranI) akriyA huM pasaMda karuM chuM. tevI akriyAno upadeza huM karuM chuM. ane tethI mane akriyAvAdI kahevAmAM Ave to te cAlaze. AthI UlaTuM huM kiyAvAdI (Realist) chuM

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cAra Aryasatya 309 nivaNa che. jambukhAdaka nAmanA parivrAjake sAriputrane nirvANa e zuM che evo prazna pUchatAM teNe javAba Apyo hato ke "tho vo savaso raviyo tosavaravayo moravaravayo rUDha vRti nibbA !' lobha, dveSa ane mohano kSaya te nirvANa. (juo jambukhAdaka saMyutta - saMyuttanikAya.) eTale vAsanAno jene kSaya thAya te maharSine nirvANano sAkSAtkAra thAya che. abhidhammaTha saMgrahamAM lakhela che ke padamaccyutamaJjantaM asaMghAtamanuttaraM / / ___ nivvANamiti bhAsanti vAnamuttA mahesayo / - jenI vAsanAno kSaya thayo che te maharSi nirvANa che, ayyapada che, anaMta che, atyaMta parizuddha (asaMskRta) che ane te lokottara che ema kahe che. A ja janmamAM temaja anya janmamAM nirvANanI prApti thaI zake che. ahetu - (arahamu) jenI zAMti jaganI koI paNa vastuthI parAbhUta thaI zakatI nathI, je pavitra ane duHkharahita che, ane jeNe tRSNAthI mukti meLavI che te ahaMtu janma ane jarAno samudra tarI gayo che. jevI rIte parvata vAyuthI acala rahe che tevI rIte rUpa, zabda, gaMdha, rasa, ne sparza, temaja iSTa ke aniSTa vastu tene calAyamAna karI pAkatAM nathI. tenuM mana daDha - nizcala che ane teNe A janmamAM mukti meLavI che. A rIte A janmamAM ja tRSNAnuM nirvANa eTale nAza thAya che tene "klezaparinirvANa" kahe che ke je ahaMtupadanI je kSaNe te ja janmamAM prApti thAya che te ja kSaNe thAya che eTale nivaNano sAkSAtkAra thAya che, tathApi sarva duHkhano niHzeSataH nAza nathI thato. lobha, , mohajanya mAnasika pIDA te ja vakhate naSTa thAya che, paraMtu zArIrika du:kha AyuSya pUruM thAya tyAM sudhI rahe che. buddhane 39mA varSe nirvANapadano sAkSAtkAra thayo hato te vakhate tenuM lobhapAdijanya mAnasika duHkha naSTa thayuM, paraMtu zItoSNa rogAdijanya zArIrika duHkha pUrNa rIte naSTa na thayuM. dehAvasAne te duHkha naSTa thayuM. te ahaMtu te janma pasAra karI mRtyu pAme che - te zarIrano tyAga kare che tyAre tenAM karma ane skaMdhanuM nivANa eTale nAza thAya che ane tene kaMdhaparinirvANa" kahe che. ahIMnA maraNane 'parinirvANa" kahe che. tenuM kAraNa e ke tenA maraNathI zArIrika duHkhano aMta Ave che. parinirvANa pachI ahatu kaI sthitimAM hoya che tenuM varNana kyAMya jovAmAM AvatuM nathI. te sthiti anivarzanIya che. buddha bhagavAnanA parinirvANane mahAparinirvANa' kahe che. cothuM Aryasatya - duHkhanirodhagAminI pratipat (mArga) : madhyama pratipatuM - madhyama mArga - gautama buddha ASADhI pUrNimAne dine pelA ema paNa koI kahI zakaze, kAraNake puNyavicAranI (kuzala saMskAranI) kriyA mane pasaMda che, tethI tevI kriyA karavI, tene pUrNatA para laI javI evo huM upadeza karuM chuM tethI mane kiyAvAdI kahevAmAM Ave to khoTuM nathI. (mahAvagagraMtha). A saMvAda parathI buddha abhAva mAtrano upadeza karyo che te spaSTa nathI. kiyAdIno artha Realist karatAM naitika ane AdhyAtmika kriyAmAM mAnanAra evo vadhAre yogya lAge che. e ja rIte akiyAvAdI eTale naitika ane AdhyAtmika kriyAmAM nahi mAnanAra.]

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310 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto paMca bhikSuo pAse AvI potAne dharmajJAnano sAkSAtkAra thayAnI hakIkata kahI ane temane upadeza karyo ke, "he bhikSuo ! pravrajitoe (dIkSita tyAgIoe) be aMtima mArganuM sevana karavuM nahIM. te be aMtima mArgamAMno eka mArga kAme kAmasurabrijAnuyo: eTale viSayabhoga - mojazokhanA upabhogamAM lIna rahevuM te che. A mArga grAmya, anArya ane anarthAvaha che. ajJAna manuSyo ja ene seve che. bIjo aMtima mArga mazinamathIyaT: - kaThina sAdhanAo dvArA AtmAne kalAnta karI niyukta rahevuM eTaleke dehadamana che. te paNa duHkhakAraka, anArya ane anarthAvaha che. A baMne aMtima mArga na grahaNa karatAM te benI vacceno madhyama mArga tathAgate zodhI kAyo che. kAraNake te jJAnacakSu utpanna karanAra che - jJAnodaya karanAra che, tenAthI 1. A mArga buddhadeve navIna kADhyo che evuM sUkSmatAthI joIe to mAluma paDatuM nathI. temaNe kevaLa yuktiyukta bodhathI tenI vyAkhyA mAtra ziSyone samajAvI che ema jaNAya che. juo bauddhAyanasUtra (7-23-24)nI nIcenI lakhelI paMktio : AhitAgniranatvAM ca brahmacArI ca te trayaH / anaMta eva sidhyanti naiSAM siddhiranaznataH / gRhastho brahmacArI vA yo'naznastu tapazcaret / prANAgnihotra lopena avakIrNIbhavettu saH / A baMne zloka anazana tapazcaryAnA virodhI che. zrImad bhagavadgItA (17-5,6)mAM kaheluM che ke : azAstravihitaM ghoraM tapyante ye tapo janAH / daMbhAhaMkArasaMyuktAH kAmarAgavalAnvitAH / karzayantaH zarIrasthaM bhUtagrAmamacetasaH / mAM caivAntaH zarIrasthaM tAn viddhyAsuranizcayAn / temaja AgaLa kahela che ke - mUDha grAheNAtmano yatpIDyA kriyate tapaH / rahyotanA vA tattAmasamudrAtim II (17-19) upAsanAdi dvArA AtmAne pIDita karanArI tapasyA nidita che, A vAta A zlokathI spaSTa ja che. to kevA prakAre sAdhanA karavI joIe ? gItA A saMbaMdhe cUpa rahetAM kahe che ke : (6-16,17) nAnyaznatastu yogo'sti na caikAntamanaznataH / na cAti svapnazIlasya jAgrato naiva cArjuna / / yuktAhAravihArasya yuktacaSTasya karmasu / yukta svapnAvavodha yogo bhavati duHkhahA / / A paNa madhyama mArga che. AhArAdi adhika karavA ke na karavA, e benI madhyamAM cAlavuM te yoga che. buddhadevanI uktionI sAthe A uktionuM kaMI judApaNuM nathI. gItAno AvirbhAva buddhadevathI ghaNo pahelAM thayo che emAM kaMI saMdeha nathI. AthI kahevuM yogya che ke buddhadevanA A madhyama mArganI vAta navI nathI. [mahAbhAratamAM judA judA samayanA stara che, bhagavadagItA baddhanA samaya pachInI hoya ane A mAdhyama mArga brAhmaNadharmamAM paNa apanAvI bauddha dharmanA prabhAva heThaLa AvavAmAMthI. lokone dUra rAkhavAno Azaya hoya, ke dareka jagyAethI grAhya bAbata apanAvI levAno. Azaya hoya e zakya che. vAstavamAM AvAM valaNa sarvatra jovA maLe che. }

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cAra Aryasatya upazama abhijJA (divyazakti), saMbodha (prajJA) ane nirvANa prApta thAya che. A mArgane AryaaSTAMgika (jene ATha aMga che evo) mArga kahe che. tRSNAno nAza ke jethI duHkhano nAza thAya che te kaI rIte thaI zake teno upAya A mArga batAve che. Arya aSTAMgika mArga A mArga ke jenAthI duHkhano nAza nirodha thAya che tenAM ATha aMgo nIce pramANe che. (1) samyagdaSTi (2) samyak saMkalpa (3) samyak vAcA (4) samyak karmAnta (karma) (5) samyak AjIva (6) samyak vyAyAma (7) samyak smRti (8) samyak samAdhi 1. prasA - 2. zIla 3. samAdhi 311 1. paheluM aMga samyagdaSTi ukta ATha aMgamAMnuM prathama aMga samyagdaSTi laIe. te upara sarva darzanomAM jaNAvavA pramANe zuddha mArga pAmavAno AdhAra che. tethI kharo bodha - saMbodha - prajJA (bodhijJAna) thAya che. dareka zubha vicAramAM eTale kuzala cittamAM te ATha aMgo paikI samyak saMkalpa, samyak vyAyAma, samyak smRti ane samyak samAdhi avazya hoya che. tevI ja rIte dareka azubha vicAramAM akuzala cittamAM asamyak saMkalpa, asamyak vyAyAma, asamyak smRti ane asamyak samAdhi hoya che. have samyak dRSTi zuM te joIe ? 1. duHkhanuM jJAna, duHkhasamudayanuM jJAna, duHkhanirodhanuM jJAna ane duHkha nirodhagAmI mArganuM jJAna. ene samyagdaSTi kahe che. jagat anitya eTale badalanAruM che, prapaMca duHkhamaya che, ane AtmA avinAzI ane avikArI padArtha nathI paNa karmAnusAra badalanAra che evA yathArtha jJAnane samyakdaSTi kahIzuM to cAlaze kAraNake AvA jJAnathI ja cAra AryasatyonuM jJAna thavuM zakya che. bIjI rIte joIe to 2. akuzala zuM che, akuzalanuM mULa zuM che, kuzala zuM che ane kuzalanuM mULa zuM che tenuM jJAna te samyak dRSTi. 1. jainamAM mokSanAM traNa aMga nAme samyagdarzana, samyajJAna ane samyakcAritra e eka sAthe hoya tyAre mokSa thAya ema kaheluM che, to te traNeno vicAra karatAM temAM A AThe samAveza pAme che; te paikInA samyagdarzana sAthe A (bauddha samyagdaSTi) sarakhAvI jovA jevuM che.

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31 2 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto "akuzala eTale pApa - daza che : (1) prANAtipAta = hiMsA (2) adattAdAna = corI (3) kAma mithyAcAra = kAmasevana - vyabhicAra 1. kAyakarma (kayika pApa) | 2. vAcAkarma (vAcika pA5) (4) mRSAvAda = jUThuM bolavuM (5) pazunya = cADI khAvI (6) pAruSya = karkaza bhASA bolavI (7) saMbhinna pralApa = nakAmAM mithyAvacana vadavAM (8) abhidhyA = lobha - paradravyanI Asakti (9) vyApAda = krodha pritihiMsA. (10) mithyASTi = nAstikatA | 3, manakarma (mAnasika pApa) [mithyAdaSTi = khoTI dhAraNA. "nAstikatA" zabdanA aneka artha thaI zake tethI vivAdAspada bane.] akurAlanAM mULa traNa che : (1) lobha (2) dveSa (3) moha. lobhaSanA udbhava sAthe moha rahelo ja hoya che. kuzala deza che : ukta daza akuzalathI viramavuM te daza kuzala che. kuzalanAM mULa paNa traNa che : uparanAM akuzalanAM traNa mULathI mukti eTale alobha, aSa, amoha. 1. manusmRti ke je I.sa. cothA zatakamAM lakhAyelI tarIke A taraphanA paMDite svIkArelI che. (juo DaoN. bhAMDArakaranI A Peep into the Early History of India, P. 46) temAM (12mA adhyAyamAM) A daza pApano ullekha che. paradravyeSvabhidhyAnaM manasAniSTa ciMtanam / vitathAbhinivezazca trividhaM karma mAnasam / / pAruSyamanRtaM caiva paizunyaM cApi sarvazaH / asaMbaddhapralApazca vAGmayaM syAccaturvidham / / adattAnAmupAdAnaM hiMsA caivAvidhAnataH / / paradAropasevA ca zArIraM trividhaM smRtam / / - paradravya para mana karavuM, bIjAnuM manathI aniTa ciMtavavuM, game te mArge ayogya rIte bhaLavuM (nAstikatA e traNa mAnasika karma (pApa) che; kaThora bhASaNa, asatya bhASaNa, sarva prakAranAM cADI ane vRthA baDabaDa - asaMbaddha pralApa e cAra vAcika kameM (pApa) che. adattAdAna (corI), vedavihita na hoya tevI hiMsA, ane padArAgamana e traNa kAyika pApa karma che. (bauddhamAM vedavihita hoya yA na hoya paNa te hiMsA niSiddha che.)

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cAra Aryasatya 313 keTalAka evA prazno che ke jeno uttara zodhavA jevo nathI. uttara zodhatAM daSTi samyak rahe nahi. jevA ke jagatu nitya ke anitya che, sAnta ke anaMta che ? AtmA dehathI bhinna che ke abhinna che, buddha maraNa pachI vidyamAna rahe che ke avidyamAna ? vagere. AnuM kAraNa bauddha zAstra evuM Ape che ke jema eka mANasa zalyathI vIMdhAyo hoya te vakhate te zalya koNe mAryuM, tenuM nAma ane kula zuM, te UMco che ke ThIMgaNo che e praznonA uttara meLavavAmAM vakhata kADhavA karatAM teNe te zalya dUra karavAnA prayatna karavAnI jarUra che. paNa jyAM sudhI te praznonA uttara na maLe tyAM sudhI te manuSya potAnuM zalya kADhavA prayatna na kare to te maraNa pAme, tevI rIte jagatuM nityAnitya che vagere praznomAM UtaravAnI jarUra nathI, paraMtu jenAthI duHkha thAya che tenAthI viramavAnI, tene dUra karavAnI ja jarUra che. samyagdaSTinA be prakAra che : 1 lokya samyagdaSTi 2. lokottara samyagdaSTi. lokottara samyagdaSTi nivaNamArgamAM samAviSTa thayelA vyaktinA cAra bheda nAme srotApatra (sItApanna), sakRdAgAmI (sakkAgAmI), anAgAmI ane ahaM (arahA)mAM hoya che. A cAremAM taphAvata jovA ApaNe daza saMyojana eTale baMdhanano vicAra karIe. daza saMyojana saMyojana eTale jenAthI janma sAthe joDAvuM rahe che te. te daza che : 1. satkAyadaSTi (sakkAyadiThi) eTale AtmA e bhinna padArtha hovAthI te nitya che evI dRSTi. AmAM uccheda athavA vibhavadaSTi eTale A daraya jIvana che te AtmA che ke je dehano nAza thAya ke tarata ja nAza pAme che evI mAnyatA, ane zAzvata athavA bhavadaSTi eTale AtmA dehathI svataMtra che ane te dehano nAza thatAM nitya rahe che evI mAnyatA - ema baMne mAnyatAno samAveza thAya che. 2. vicikitsA (vicikicchA) eTale buddha, dharma ane saMgha e traNa ratna viSaye zaMkA kiMvA avizvAsa, 3. zIlavrata parAmarza (sIlabdhata parAmAsa) - snAnAdi vrata ane kriyAothI mukti maLe evo vizvAsa, 4. kAmarAga eTale kAmavAsanA, 5. paTigha eTale krodha, 6. rUparAga eTale brahmalokAdinI prAptinI IcchA, 7. arUparAga eTale arU5 devalokanI prAptinI icchA, 8. mAna eTale ahaMkAra, 9. auddhatya (uddhaca) eTale brAMtacittatA ane 10. avidyA (avijjA). AmAMnA pahelA traNamAMthI mukta rahenArane zrotApatra (eTale ahapadanA strota - pravAhanI prApti karanAra) kahe che. te thayA pachI jyAre tenuM mRtyu thAya tyAre te devaloka ane manuSyalokamAM vadhumAM vadhu sAta vakhata janma le che ane e chellA - sAtamA bhavamAM tene mokSa avazya maLavo ja joIe. pahelAM traNa saMyojanano nAza karI cothuM ane pAMcamuM saMyojana sthUla rUpe dUra thayAM arthAt kAmarAga, dveSa ane moha -

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314 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto durbaLa thayAM eTale manuSya samudAgAmI (eTale sakatuM = eka vakhata AgAmI eTale pAcho pharanAra) thAya che. A sthitimAM jyAre tenuM maraNa thAya che tyAre eka vakhata ja A lokamAM te janma le che ane mokSa meLave che. prathamanAM pAMca saMyojanano pUrNa rIte nAza thayo hoya tyAre manuSya anAgAmI (pAcho nahi pharanAra) thAya che. anAgAmInuM maraNa AvyA pachI te A lokamAM janma leto nathI, paNa teno janma brahmalokAdi devalokamAM thAya che ane te tyAMthI ja mokSa meLave che. sarva saMyojanano nAza thatAM manuSya ahaMtu (arahA) thAya che. ahaMne punarjanma nathI. tene "jIvanmukta' kahevAmAM Ave che. buddha ane aImAM thoDoka ja pharaka che. buddhane nirvANano sAkSAtkAra svaprayatnathI thAya che, paraMtu ahaMne to bIjAno upadeza zravaNa karatAM thAya che. ATalo ja pharaka, bAkI baMnene nirvANano sAkSAtkAra A ja bhavamAM thAya che. A cAra prakAra ahaspadanA che. teno pahelo prakAra srotApanna thayA pahelAM zrAvaka, pratyeka buddha, ane bodhisattva e zreNIo che. A traNa vAta dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnI che. 1. anityatA - sarva vastuo kSaNika - anitya che, kAraNake deha anitya che, saMskAravijJAna Adi anitya che. 2. sarva padArtho du:khAdhIna che, kAraNake zarIravedanA, saMskAra-vijJAnAdi sarva du:khAdhIna che. 3. koI paNa vastu AtmA (attA) nathI, kAraNake dehavedanA, saMskAravijJAnAdi AtmA nathI. zAzvata ke nitya vastu jagatamAM che ja nahIM. A je traNa vAta, teno svIkAra je kare che tene bauddha mAnyatA pramANe samyagdaSTi hoya che. A traNathI viparItano svIkAra e avidyA - ayathArthajJAna che. ane te pramANe avidyAnA traNa prakAra che. (1) jagatane anitya hovA chatAM nitya mAnavuM. (2) AtmA avinAzI ke adhikArI padArtha nathI chatAM tene evo mAnavo. (3) saMsAra duHkhamaya che, chatAM temAM ja sarvasukha. * che ema mAnavuM. A parathI jaNAya che ke buddhadevanuM prasiddha tattva e paNa che ke sarva dazyamAna vastuo anitya, duHkha ane anAtmA che. te saMbaMdhe temano upadeza A pramANe che : bhikSujanone saMbodhana karI te kahe che (mahAvacca 1-6-42) bhikSugaNa ! tame zuM samajo cho ? rUpa nitya che ke anitya ?" "bhagavad ! te anitya che." sAruM, je anitya che te duHkha che ke sukha - arthAt duHkhakara che ke sukhakara ?" duHkha arthAt duHkhakara." "ThIka, je anitya che ane duHkha che te svabhAvathI ja jo vividha prakAre pariNAmazIla athavA parivartanazIla che. to tenA saMbaMdhamAM zuM evuM vicAravuM yuktisaMgata che ke "A mAruM che' "A huM chuM ane "A mArI AtmA che ?" "nahi bhagavanevuM vicAravuM yuktisaMgata nathI." buddhadeve vaLI e paNa kahyuM che ke : (mahAvaga 1-6-38) "bhikSugaNa ! rUpa anAtmA che - arthAtu rUpa AtmA nathI: rUpa jo AtmA

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cAra Aryasatya hota to A pIDAne lIdhe na hota; kiMtu he bhikSugaNa ! je kAraNathI rUpa AtmA nathI te kAraNathI te pIDAne lIdhe che." te mAnyatA pramANe zarIra (rUpa) cAra dhAtumAMthI banela che paNa te nAma nathI. te varSa, be varSa ke sAta varSa paNa rahI zake che jyAre jene ApaNe mana, vicAra kahIe chIe te to dinarAta pheraphAra pAmyA ja kare che. eTale eka rIte zarIra te mana karatAM vadhAre sthAyI che; paNa nizcayathI to bauddho ema jaNAve che ke koIpaNa vyaktinuM jIvana atyaMta alpa hoya che ane te eka vicAranA AMtarA sudhI ja phakta rahe che. vicArano aMta Avyo ke te jIvanano aMta samajavo, kAraNake bhaviSyanI kSaNanuM jIvana bhaviSyamAM raheze paNa tene bhUtakAlanA jIvana sAthe saMbaMdha nathI tema hamaNAM te che nahi; tevI ja rIte hAlanI - vartamAna kSaNanuM jIvana hamaNAM ja rahe che paNa te bhUtakAlanuM jIvana nahotuM temaja bhaviSyamAM paNa te raheze nahi. A rIte bhUta, vartamAna ane bhaviSya saMbaMdhI bauddhonuM maMtavya che, ane te pramANe mAnavAthI samyakdaSTi rahe che. ema na mAnavuM te avidyA che, ane te ja saMsAranAM sarva duHkhonuM mULa che. cAra AryasatyanA jJAnathI avidyAno nAza thAya che ane tema thaye saMskArAdi ke je tenA para avalaMbelA hoya che teno svataH nAza thAya che. avidyA utpanna thayA pahelAM prANInI zI sthiti hoya che e koIthI samajAtuM nathI.A saghaLo saMsAra anAdi che. 315 pratItya samutpAda - be aMtima mArga ane te be vacceno (madhyama) mArga jo ApaNe ema mAnIe ke ApaNe ApaNA hAlanA daihika jIvana sAthe eka chIe eTale AtmA evI kAMI vastu nathI (nAstivAda) to pavitra jIvana saMbhavita nathI, ane jo ApaNe ema mAnIe ke A dehathI taddana bhinna ane svataMtra AtmA che (astivAda) to paNa pavitra jIvana asaMbhAvya che. AthI A baMne vAda buddhe tajI daIne madhyama mArga upadezyo che. tene pratItya samutpAda kahe che ke je tattvajJAnamAM madhyamavartI che. te anusAra AtmA zAzvata kiMvA azAzvata padArtha nathI paNa kAryakAraNa niyamane laI badalanAro che. smin ti tuM mati.... kAraNa hoya to kArya nIpaje, nahi to kArya na udbhave. 1. A anitya, duHkha ane anAtmAnI vAta buddhadevanI potAnI navI nathI. bhAratIya darzanazAstronI e eka sAdhAraNa ukti che. prAyaH sarve darzanomAM A jagatprapaMca anitya, duHkha ane anAtmA kahelo che. je avidyAthI grasta che te tene nitya, sukha ane AtmA samaje che; tethI ja tene kaSTa thAya che. A viSayamAM pAtaMjaladarzana (2-5) kahe che te sarakhAvo. "anityAzuciduHkhAnAtmasu nityAzucisukhAtmakhyAtiravidyA" anityane nitya, azucine zuci, duHkhane sukha, ane anAtmAne AtmA samajanArI buddhi ja avidyA che. AmAM azucinI bAbata adhika che paraMtu bauddha dharme tene paNa grahaNa karela che. bauddhonI 'aci bhAvanA' ane 'kAyagatA smRti' prasiddha che ke je AgaLa kahevAmAM Avela che.

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto avidyAthI saMskAronI utpatti che, avidhAno nAza thayo eTale saMskArono nAza thAya che ityAdi niyama badalatA nathI; AthI A mArgane dharma niyamatA' 'dharmasthiti' ityAdi zabdo ApelA che. A kAryakAraNaparaMparA upara sarva vastuono AdhAra che. Arya aSTAMgika mArga jema sAdhanamArgamAM baMne aMta TALI madhyamavartI che tema A pratItya samutpAda tattvajJAnamAM madhyamavartI che. 316 A jaga zAzvata che ke azAzvata, A jagano aMta thanAra che ke nahi, zarIra ane jIva eka che ke bhinna, prANI maraNa pachI utpanna thAya che ke nahi ityAdi prazna ukelavAmAM parizrama sevavAthI bauddha mata pramANe prajJAprAptine moTo bAdha Ave che, kAraNa ke te prazno yogya rItie karelA nathI, tethI te praznone eka bAju mUkIne pratItya samutpAdanuM yathArthajJAna meLavI prajJAne pUrNatAe laI javI Avazyaka che. kAraNake prajJAthI ja nirvANaprApti thanArI che. pratItya samutpAdanuM bIjuM nAma 12 nidAna che, ke je duHkhanAM mULa che. nidAnazAstra jevI rIte AkhA vaidyakazAstra sAthe saMbaMdha rAkhe che tevI rIte nidAna cAra Aryasatya sAthe saMbaMdha rAkhe che; ane te A pramANe : 1. avidyA 2. saMskAro 3. vijJAna 4. nAmarUpa 5. paDAyatana (cha iMdriya) 6. sparza 7. vedanA 8. tRSNA 9. upAdAna 10. bhava 11. jAti 12. jarAmaraNazokaravedanAduHkhadaurmanasyApAyAsA. A bAremAM prathama je avidyA che te sarvanuM mULa che, kAraNake tenAthI badhI paraMparA udbhave che; eTale avidyArthI saMskAra, saMskArathI vijJAna, vijJAnathI nAmarUpa, tethI SaDAyatana, tethI sparza, tethI vedanA, tethI tRSNA, tethI upAdAna, tethI bhava, tethI jAti (janma), ane te jAtithI jarAmaraNazokaparivedanAduHkhadIrmanasya apAyAsa vagere utpanna thAya che. UlaTI rIte joIe to jarAmaraNanuM kAraNa janma, janmanuM kAraNa bhava eTale karma, karmanuM kAraNa upAdAna [Asakti] eTale lobha, lobhanuM kAraNa tRSNA, tRSNAnuM kAraNa vedanA eTale sukhavedanA, duHkhavedanA ane upekSAvedanA ema traNa prakAranI vedanA, vedanAnuM kAraNa sparza eTale iMdriyaviSayasaMyoga, sparzanuM kAraNa SaDAyatana eTale mana ane pAMca iMdriya, SaDAyatananuM kAraNa saMskAra eTale pravRtti, ane saMskAranuM kAraNa avidyA eTale ayathArthajJAna (jene jaino 'mithyAtva' kahe che). Ama avighA chellAmAM chelluM (Adi) kAraNa Ave che. 1. A ja vAta yogazAstranA eka sUtramAM kahI che. yogasUtra 2.15 du:zvameva sarva viveni AnA para TIkA e che ke, tavasya mahato duHvasamuvAvasya pramavavInuM vidyA eTale avighA e bIja che ane temAMthI sarva duHkha udbhave che. vaLI te ja yogasUtra 2.4 jaNAve che ke vidhA kSetra uttareSAm uttara - bIjAnuM kSetra avidyA che. paraMtu A sUtramAM rahela aMtargata Azaya judo ja che. kAraNake yogadarzana zAzvatavAdI che ane tethI je azAzvata ane kSaNaparyAyI che te tene duHkharUpa che, mATe te samyajJAna, samyagdarzana - puruSane prakRti sAthe saMgamamAM AvavAthI vAstavika rIte kaMIpaNa asara thatI nathI ane te saMgama vizeno mithyAbhrama avidyA e ja sarvaduHkhanuM kAraNa che evI pratIti prApta karavA mathe che. (317mA pAne cAlu)

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cAra Aryasatya 317 saMskAra sAMkhyadarzananA jagasRSTinA siddhAMtamAM pratyayasarga nAmano zabda che te A pratIya samutpAda sAthe kaMI saMbaMdha dharAvato hoya tema lAge che, chatAM paNa bauddha ane sAMkhya baMnenI kAraNaparaMparAmAM ekabIjA sAthe gADha saMbaMdha hoya tema nathI. kadAca A parathI ema mAnavAno saMbhava che ke sAMkhya ane bauddha baMnee koI pUrvanA darzanamAMthI eka ja jAtanuM kaMI lIdhuM hoya. A sivAya bauddha ane sAMkhya darzanamAM keTalAka zabdo arasaparasa sajAtIyatva dharAve che. te A pramANe : bauddha sAMkhya avidyA. pradhAna buddhi vijJAna ahaMkAra nAmarUpa tanmAtrANi SaDAyatana Idriyo samAnatA nathI. kevaLa paDAyatana ane cha iMdriyo pUratI samAnatA che.] Ama bauddhanA 12 nidAna che ane teno vizvavyavasthAvicAra sAthe saMbaMdha darzAvavA prayatna karIe to nIcenA nirNaya para avAya che. avidyA e ajJAnadazA che. nidrAmAM hoIe tema che. bauddha graMthamAM jaNAvyuM che ke ciraprasupta imaM lokaM tamaskaMdhAvaguMThitam / bhAvAn prajJApradIpena samarthaH pratibodhitam / / jyAre manuSya nidrAmAMthI UThe che tyAre pahelAM ardhajAgrata avasthAmAM hoya che. pachI tenA manamAM aspaSTa lAgaNIo - saMskAronI asara thAya che, ane pachI spaSTa jAgRtimAM Ave che - vijJAnaprApta thAya che. jyAre dazya jagat nAmarUpa tene dekhAya che, tyAre tenI Idriyono vyApAra cAlu thAya che. Idriya ane tenI sAthe bIjA bAhya padArtha (dazya ke kalpanAmaya)nA sparzathI amuka jAtanI lAgaNI - vedanA utpanna thAya che. vedanAthI je icchita vastu lAge te meLavavAnI icchA - tRSNA jAge che ane te tRSNA dhImedhIme pagabhara thatI - vRddhi pAmatI daDha vaLagI rahevApaNuM ane hAlanI sthiti karatAM judI sthiti lAvavA mATenA prayatna rUpe eTale upAdAnarUpe pariName che. tethI navIna sthitino AraMbha thAya che ane te AraMbhanuM saMkramaNa thatAM - bhavamAM keTalAka ucchedavAdI che ke jeo ema mAne che ke AtmA vastutaH A ja bhavamAM che. jyAre bauddha A baMnethI judA paDI ema mAne che ke AtmA vastutaH A bhavamAM ke AvatA bhavamAM che ja nahi - AtmAnI sattAne taddana niSedhe che AthI punarjanmane bamaNo phaTako paDe che. [bauddho pramANe AtmA nAmano nitya padArtha bhale na hoya paNa nAmarUpanI saMtati che je dareka kSaNe navI janme che. vijJAnasaMtati mAnI che tethI punarjanma nathI mAnatA ema to na ja kahevAya. balka bauddho punarjanmane mAne che. kammA punabbhavo hoti / vibhaMga (visuddhimagga, kaMkhAvitaraNa visuddhiniddesa) buddhane potAnA pUrvajanmonuM smaraNa thayuM hatuM. A jJAnane pUrvanivAsAnusmRti kahe che, jeno jAtismaraNa kahe che. mane paNa jAtismaraNa kahe che.]

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318 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto AvatAM te navIna sthiti prakaTAkAre janme che (jAti). te janmanI zarUAta thaI to teno aMta paNa hovo joIe tethI te aMta (mRtyu) badhI jAtanAM duHkhothI Ave che. A kAryakAraNaparaMparA bIjI ghaNI rIte keTalAka bauddha samajAve che. A kArmika vidyA che. keTalAka ema samajAve che ke asatA jJAnathI - avighAthI mAyika saMskAro, temAMthI sAmAnya vicAro, temAMthI vizeSa vicAro, temAMthI cha IdriyasthAno - SaDAyatana, temAMthI sparza, temAMthI nizcita vedanA, temAMthI tRSNA, temAMthI AraMbhika janma, temAMthI zarIra sattA, temAMthI sajIva vastumAM sAmAnya jAti ane vizeSa jAtinA sarva bhedo, temAMthI jarA - saDavuM ane maraNa pAmavuM utpanna thAya che. bIjI rIte A paraMparA manuSyajIvanano itihAsa rajU kare che ane tenAM 12 prakaraNo che. garbhathI agara garbha pahelAMthI zarU thaIne TheTha kSINatA ne nAza sudhI te jAya che. A sarvanuM mULa avidyA eTale kSaNika - anitya vastune sthAyi - nitya vastu mAnavAnI bhrAMti che. te bhrAMtimAMthI saMskAro sneha, kSaNika svabhAva jevA ke lobha, dveSa ane moha janme che; temAMthI vijJAnagarbhanI aMtargata jAgRti Ave che, temAMthI nAmarUpa eTale nAma - pRthvI ane bIjAM traNa mULatattvo - dhAtuthI ane rUpathI baneluM prAthamika zarIra bane che, temAMthI paDAyatana - cha iMdriyo thAya che, jyAre nAmarUpanI sAthe indriyano saMbaMdha thAya che tyAre te sparza kahevAya che, tyArapachI vedanA - lAgaNI thatAM tRSNA (sukhakara vedanAne laMbAvavA ne duHkhamaya vedanAne dUra karavAnI icchA) utpanna thAya che. tyArapachI upAdAna - prayatna, kriyAnI zarUAta thAya che; tyArapachI bhava (pApa-puNyanI sthiti) thAya che. tethI jAti - janma eTale pAMca skaMdhano samUha thAya che. janma thayA pachI jarA maraNa vagere thAya che. Ama avidyAmAMthI sarva pApa, janmamaraNa kevI rIte eTale du:kema utpanna thAya che e jaNAvavAno (bIjuM Aryasatya jaNAvavAno) A pratItya samutpAdanA AkhA kamano hetu che. ane te avidyA dUra karavAthI temAMthI udbhavatI badhI paraMparA nAza pAme che eTale duHkhano nAza pAme che e A kAryakAraNaparaMparAthI pratIta thAya che. tethI trIjA Aryasatya (duHkhanirodha)nuM pratipAdana thAya che. [A pratItya samutpAda ke dvAdaza nidAnonI sAMkaLanA 12 maNakA, paraMparAgata samajUtI pramANe, traNa janma sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che. avidyA ane saMskAra e be gata janmanA che, ane trIjA vijJAna sAthe navo janma thAya che. (navA janmanI zarUAta garbhAdhAnathI ja kahevAya); vijJAna, nAmarUpa, SaDAyatana, sparza, vedanA, tRSNA, upAdAna ane bhavano saMbaMdha vartamAna jIvana sAthe che, jyAre jAti ane jarA -maraNano saMbaMdha bhAvI janma sAthe che. A hInayAna mata pramANe che. jyAre mahAyAna mata pramANe mAtra be janma sAthe ja A maNakA ke nidAnonI saMbaMdha che. 1-10no saMbaMdha eka janma sAthe ane 11-12no bIjA janma sAthe. jo 1-10no saMbaMdha atIta janma sAthe hoya to 11-12no A janma sAthe, ane 1-10no saMbaMdha A janma sAthe hoya to 11-12no bhaviSya jIvana sAthe. |

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cAra Aryasatya A u52thI prANIo avidyAthI tRSNAbaddha thatAM ahIMtahIM sukha mATe bhaTake che ane tethI pharI navo janma le che; ane lobha, dveSa athavA mohathI karavAmAM AvelAM karmo pakva thatAM tenuM phaLa te A bhavamAM ke AvatA bhavamAM bhogave che. avidyA dUra thatAM karma nirmULa thAya che ane tethI navIna bhava levo paDato nathI. A pramANe bauddho karmavAda svIkAre che, paraMtu anya darzanothI laI tene potAnA siddhAMtAnusAra maraDIne racelo temano karmavAda che ke je ApaNe have pachI joIzuM. A pramANe buddha niSedhano, nAzano upadeza kare che. te nAza zeno ? to lobha, dveSa ane mohano nAza temaja judI jAtanAM duHkhano, akuzala cittano nAza eTale tRSNAno nAza. tRSNAnA sarvatobhAvathI parityAga karavAthI ja duHkhano nirodha thAya che ane A tRSNAnA nAzanuM nAma ja 'nirvANa' che. AthI nirvANanuM eka nAma 'tRSNAkSaya' che ane bIjuM 'anAlaya' che. 2. bIjuM aMga samyak saMkalpa A traNa prakAranAM che : (1) naiSkarmAM saMkalpa jagatnI rItonA tyAgano vicAra eTale ekAMtavAsa sukhano saMkalpa (sAdhujIvanano vicAra) (2) avyApAda saMkalpa = koI pratyenA aniSTa vicAra na karavA zubha vicAra dareka pratye rAkhavA eTale prANImAtra para zuddha premanI bhAvanA rAkhavI. (3) avihiMsA saMkalpa bIjAne temaja potAne trAsa utpanna na thAya evI icchA (krUratAthI dUra rahevAno vicAra). A traNa saMkalpane samyak saMkalpa kahevAmAM Ave che. A saMkalpa barAbara pariNamavAthI bauddha dIkSA gRhastha aMgIkAra kare che eTale gRhano tyAga karI sagAMsahodarane tajI, kezane kApI, pIta aMgavastra dhAraNa karI, anAgAra jIvana gALavA prayANa kare che. - = 3. trIjuM aMga samyak vAcA (1) asatya na bolavuM. jANyuM ke potAnA ke bIjAnA lAbha arthe ke koIpaNa lAbha arthe jUThuM bolavAthI - mRSAvAdathI dUra rahevuM. (2) cADI na khAvI - paizunyano tyAga karavo eTale je pote sAMbhaLeluM hoya te kleza utpanna thAya te mATe pharI vAra 1. buddhadevano A vicAra navo nathI. tenI ati pUrve bhAratamAM A tattva prakAzita thaI cUkyuM hatuM. AnA pramANamAM be udAharaNa A che : yadA sarve pramucyante kAmA ye'sya hRdi sthitAH / atha martyo mRto bhavatyatra brahma samaznute || 319 vihAya kAmAnyaH sarvAn pumAMzcarati niHspRhaH / nirmamo nirahaMkAraH sa zAntimadhigacchati // (bRhadAraNyaka 4-47; kaTha. 6-14) (gItA, 2-71)

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320 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto na kahevuM. AthI zatrubhAvathI vartanAra vacce saMpa karAvAya che. (3) kaThora zabda na uccAravA - pAruSyathI dUra rahevuM eTale evA zabdo bolavA ke jethI avinaya na thAya, je karNapriya ane cittanI prasannatA karanArA hoya, kAraNake tiraskAra tiraskArathI dUra thato nathI paraMtu prItithI ja dUra thAya che e acala siddhAMta che. (4) vRthAbhASaNa na karavuM - saMbhinna pralApa na karavo. eTale khare samaye, vAstavika bInA sahita, muddAsara bolavuM. dharma, ane vinaya paratve vadavuM. A cAra prakAre samyaku vAcA sacavAya che. 4. cothuM aMga samyak karmAnta (karma) (1) prANAtipAtathI dUra rahevuM - prANaghAta na karavo. lAkaDI ke taravAra jevAM sAdhana vagara dayAmaya cittathI sahAnubhUti rAkhI sarva prANIo pratye prema ne dayA darzAvavAM. (2) adattAdAnano tyAga karavo - corI nahi karavI. je vastu bIjA Ape te ja levI. ane jyAM sudhI bIjA vastu Ape tyAM sudhI rAha jovI, paraMtu te corI laI javAnA vicArothI dUra rahevuM ane citta pavitra rAkhavuM. (3) kAmamithyAcArathI viramavuM - paradArAgamana na karavuM. pitAmAtAdinA rakSaNa nIcenI kumArikAo, vivAhita strIo, gulAmaDIo - cAkarIe rAkhelI strIo ke vezyAo sAthe vyabhicAra nahi karavo. A cAra prakAre jIvana gALavAthI samyak karma - cAritra sacavAya che. 5. pAMcamuM aMga samyapha AjIva Ano artha e che ke zubha rItie - pramANikapaNe potAnI AjIvikA karavI paraMtu azubha rItie - apramANikapaNe - anItithI AjIvikA prApta na karavI. dhaMdhAmAM evA pAMca dhaMdhA che ke je jagatanAM duHkhanuM kAraNa che tethI tene asamyaka AjIva tarIke gaNelA che. (1) khATakIno dhaMdho temaja vadha karelA prANIono dhaMdho (AmAM zikArI, mAchI, sainika vagerenA dhaMdhAno samAveza thAya che), (2) surA - dArU vagere mAdaka padArthono dhaMdho, (3) viSamaya padArthono, (4) hathiyAra ane ghAtaka zastrono dhaMdho, (5) manuSyakrayano jevA ke gulAma, vezyAo vagere vecavAno dhaMdho. asamyapha AjIvikAmAM luccAI, chetarapiMDI karavI, khoTI rIte lAlaca ApavI, atyaMta vyAja levuM vagere AvI jAya che. 6. chaThuM aMga samyapha vyAyAma cAra jAtanA zubha prayatno (samyak pradhAna) che. (1) saMvarappadhAna - aTakAvavAno prayatna (2) pahanapradhAna - saMyama karavAno - dAbavAno prayatna, (3) bhAvanAppadhAna - utpanna karavAno prayatna (4) nibhAvavAno prayatna. (1) saMvarappadhAna eTale je azubha vicAro che te utpanna thayA pahelAM teno saMvara karavo eTale te utpanna thAya tevI sagavaDa na ApavAno prayatna. jayAre koI eka vastu AMkhathI jovAmAM Ave che, zabda kAnathI sAMbhaLavAmAM Ave che, nAkathI gaMdha suMghAya che, jIbhathI svAda levAya che, ane manathI ciMtana karAya che, tyAre teNe temAM tenA samagra aMgamAM koIkoI aMze tenA upAMgamAM Asakti nahi rAkhavI joIe, paraMtu te na thAya te mATe tenAthI dUra rahevAnI IcchA utpanna karavI

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cAra Aryasatya joIe ane Ama karatAM iMdriya upara sAmrAjya meLavavuM joIe. AthI AMtiraka AnaMda sphure che. (2) pahanappadhAna vahana prahALa] -- je kuvicAro lobha, dveSa ke mohathI utpanna thayA hoya teno nAza karavAno prayatna. A karavAnI pAMca rIta che. (a) te kuvicArano pratipakSI suvicAra te vakhate karavo. (ba) te kuvicAronI adhamatA para vicAra karavo ke te azubha, akalyANakara che ane duHkha ApanAra che. (ka) te pratye lakSa nahi ApavuM. (3) te vicAranuM tenAM sarva aMgomAM pRthakkaraNa karavuM, (i) dAMta pIsIne ne jIbhane barAbara tALavA sAthe dAbIne A kuvicArone manathI dabAvI devA. ane Ama karavAthI kuvicAro chUTA paDI adRzya thaze ane mana zAMta, dRDha ane samAdhimaya banaze. (3) bhAvanASpadhAna je suvicAro manamAM utpanna na thayA hoya te utpanna karavAno prayatna. Ama karavAmAM potAnI zaktino upayoga karI manamAM suvicAra uThAvavA ghaTe che. AthI bodhAMgo nAme smRti, dharmavicaya, samAdhi Adi udbhave che. (4) je suvicAro manamAM utpanna thayA hoya tene vRddhiMgata karI pUrNatAe laI javAno prayatna. AmAM evo vicAra rAkhavAno che ke mArAM hADakAM, mAMsa, majjA, lohI vagere sukAI kSINa thaI jAya to bhale paraMtu je dhIraja, zakti ane prayatnathI iSTa vastu maLI zake che te jyAM sudhI mane maLe nahi tyAM sudhI huM mArA prayatno tajIza nahi. A rIte samyak vyAyAma che. = 321 7. sAtamuM aMga sabhyasmRti tenAM cAra sthAna che ke jene smRtiprasthAna (satipaTThAna) kahe che H (1) kAyasmRti (2) vedanAsmRti (3) cittasmRti ane (4) dharmasmRti. A cArathI manuSya pivatra banI zokaparavedanA parAbhUta karI duHkhathI mukta thAya che ane mArga meLavI nirvANa pAme che. (1) kAyasmRti - bhikSu vanamAM jaI vRkSa nIce ke koI ekAMta sthale padmAsane zarIra TaTAra rAkhI ane mana svastha ane ekAgra rAkhI zarIra saMbaMdhenI bhAvanA kAyasmRti kare che. anApAnasmRti prathama thAya che eTale ke ekAgra vRttithI zvAsa le che ane bahAra kADhe che. AvI rIte dIrgha ane alpa, dhIme ane utAvaLe zvAsocchvAsa laI zvasanikrayA keLave che, ane tethI dhyAnano prAraMbha thAya che. pachI potAnA zarIra saMbaMdhe ciMtanA kare che. sva ane para zarIra kema janme che, kema aMta pAme che e vicAra bhAve che. zarIra e cAra mULa dhAtunuM ane te sivAya bIjAM tattvonuM (AMkha vagerenuM) baneluM che. AnA sparzathI vijJAna udbhave che. ane vijJAnAdi pAMca skaMdha nAmarUpa utpanna thAya che - nAme nAma (mAnasika avasthA) eTale vedanAskaMdha, saMjJAskaMdha, saMskAraskaMdha, vijJAnasaMdha ane rUpaskaMdha. A badhAM bhegAM maLIne nAmarUpa tarIke zarIra thAya che. vaLI potAnA zarIranA Asana tathA zarIranI sarvakriyA karavAmAM jAgrata ane apramatta hoya che. uparAMta zarIranI azucitA 52 bhAvanA bhAve che ke jene 'azubhabhAvanA' kahe che

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322 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto (Ane mATe anitya, duHkha ane anAtmA paranI AgaLa mUkelI pAdaTIpa juo) ane zarIranuM pRthakkaraNa - pRthvI, apo, teja, vAyu dhAtumAM kare che - A kahelA je vicAro te sarva prajJA sUcave che.. te uparAMta maraNasmRti - mazAnabhAvanA kare che. zaba joIne te ciMtave che ke (1) mAruM zarIra paNa te mAphaka mRta thaze. maraNathI te kadI chUTavAnuM nathI. (2) mAruM zarIra paNa te zabanI mAphaka kAgaDA-varuthI khavAze. (3) mAruM zarIra hADakAMnuM mALakhuM che, lohIthI bhareluM ane majjAthI joDAyeluM che vagere vagere. AvI kAyasmRtithI uccatA prApta thAya che. asaMtoSa, bhayaciMtA, zItauSNatA, tRpAkSadhA, pavana, mAMsacAMcaDanI vedanA, kaDavAM veNa, zArIrika duHkha ane vedanA vagere para jaya meLavI zakAya che. cAra dhyAna ane cha abhijJA nAme (1) 4 iddhipAda - siddhio, (2) divyAkarNa ke jenAthI divya ane bhautika zabda sAMbhaLI zakAya, divyazrotradhAtu - enAthI sAdhaka divya ane mAnuSI, dUrano ane najIkano zabda sAMbhaLe che. (juo jenadarzana ane sAMkhyayogamAM jJAnadarzanavicAraNA. pR.172) (3) bIjAnA mananI vAtanuM jJAna, (4) pUrvabhavanI smRti (5) divyacakSu (6) avidyAno aMta prApta karI zakAya che. (2) vedanAsmRti - sukhavedanA, duHkhavedanA, ane te bemAMnI eke nahi evI upekSAvedanA jANavI - anubhavavI. vaLI te traNa prakAranI vedanAmAMnI dareka laukika che ke lokottara che te samajavAnI che. AmAM A uparAMta vedanA zuM che, potAnI ane pArakAnI vedanA kevI che, te kaI rIte udbhave che, kaI rIte cAlI jAya che, e vagerenI bhAvanA karavAnI che kAraNake AvI bhAvanA karanAramAM prA, samyagdaSTi hoya che. (3) cittasmRti - AmAM vicAro eTale lobhavALA ane lobharahita, dveSamaya ane dveSarahita ane mohamaya ane moharahita vicAro temaja ekAgra ane bhinnabhinna adhama ane uttama, nIca ane udAtta, svataMtra ane baMdhanavALA vicAronI smRti - bhAvanA thAya che ane tenuM jJAna thAya che. potAnA ane pArakA vicAro zuM che, te kevI rIte udbhave che ane nAza pAme che e saMbaMdhanuM spaSTa jJAna AthI thAya che. (4) dharmasmRti - AmAM dhyAnane pratibaMdhaka evAM pAMca nivAraNo" nIvaraNo nAme kAmaccheda, dveSa - krodha, zithilatA, uddhacca - kumucca eTale asthira buddhivALA vicAra, ane saMzayavRtti potAnAmAM jyAre hoya che, jyAre nathI hotAM, kema udbhave che, kema tene jItI zakAya che, jitAyelAM che ke nahi ane kevI rIte sadA mATe nAza 1. jenAthI camatkAra thAya che. te cAra A che : IcchA, prayatna, mana ane zodhanI ekAgratA. cAra RddhipAda A pramANe : (1) chaMdasamAdhipradhAna saMskArayukta ddhipAda (2) vIryasamAdhipradhAna saMskArayukta RddhipAda (3) cittasamAdhipradhAna saMskArayukta RddhipAda (4) mImAMsAmAdhipradhAna saMskArayukta RddhipAda) 2. AmAMnI prathama pAMca laukika che ane chellI - chaThThI abhijJA lokottara che ke je klezaparinirvANa - ahaMtpadanI samAna che.

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cAra Aryasatya 323 pAme che enuM jJAna thAya che. vaLI pAMca skandho kema udbhave che, nAza pAme che tenuM, tathA SaDAyatana ane te cha iMdriyathI thatuM jJAna enAM rUpa, tenAM baMdhana vagere jANe che. uparAMta sAta bodhAMga (bodhinAM aMga) nAme samyasmRti, dharmavicaya, vagere kema udbhave che ane pUrNatAe laI jaI zakAya che tenuM jJAna paNa AmAM thAya che. chelle cAra Aryasatyo nAme A pAMcaskaMdha duHkha che, tRSNA duHkhanuM kAraNa che, nirvANa duHkhano nirodha che ane AryaaSTAMgika mArga te duHkhanirodha - nirvANa pratye laI jAya che e te sArI rIte jANI tenI bhAvanA karavAmAM Ave che. A rIte cAra jAtanAM smRtinAM prasthAna kahyAM ke je nirvANa pratye laI jAya che. jevI rIte jaMgalI hAthInI haTha, jaMgalIpaNuM, vagere kADhI nAkhavA mATe mahAvata ke zikArI tene khIle bAMdhI rAkhe che tevI rIte jagatunI duHkhamaya sthiti - vicitratA dUra karavA mATe A cAra prasthAna para manane daDhatAthI bAMdhI rAkhavuM ghaTe che. TUMkamAM zarIra apavitra padArthonuM baneluM che e viveka jAgrata rAkhavo, zarIramAMthI UpajatI sukhaduHkhAdi vedanAnuM vAraMvAra avalokana karavuM, svacittanuM avalokana karavuM ane Aryasatya tathA kAryakAraNaparaMparA ItyAdi tAttvika goSThInuM ciMtavana karavuM e samyak smRti che. 8 AThamuM aMga samyaka samAdhi samAdhi eTale cittanI ekAgratA. Ane akuzala samAdhithI bheda pADavA kuzala samAdhi kahe che. AnA be bheda che 1. upacAra samAdhi ke je thoDo vakhata Take che. nAnuM bALaka ghaNo vakhata UbhuM rahI zakatuM nathI. te pramANe yogIne AraMbhamAM sAdhya thanArI A samAdhi bahu vakhata vadhu nabhatI nathI. 2. arpaNa samAdhi - upacAra samAdhi sAdhyA pachI prApta thAya che ane abhyAsathI vadhu vakhata nabhe che. tenA saMbaMdhamAM kahetAM uparokta cAra smRtiprasthAna te samAdhinA viSayo che, samyaka vyAyAma nAmanA chaThThA aMgamAM kahelA cAra prakAranA vyAyAma - pradhAna te samAdhi mATe Avazyaka upAya che. A sarvane keLavavAM, kRtimAM lAvavAM ane vikasAvavAM te samAdhinI bhAvanA che. samAdhi karavA mATe bhikSue pavitra jiMdagI gALavI joIe temaja Idriyo para saMyama rAkhI jAgrata dazAmAM ekAMtasthAne vanamAM vRkSa nIce ke parvata taLe kuMjamAM ke guphAmAM, mizana ke jhADImAM, ke medAnamAM tRNa-zayyA para samAdhi sAdhavI joIe. temAM padmAsane zarIrane TaTTAra ane manane svastha tathA ekAgra rAkhavuM ghaTe che. upara jaNAvela pAMca nivAraNo' nIvaraNothI svacitta mukta hovuM joIe. AthI cAra jAtanAM dhyAna - samAdhi prApta thAya che. (1) pahelAM saghaLI kAmavAsanAno virodha karI ane bIjI duSTa manovRttino nirodha karI yogI prAraMbhika - 'vitarka ane sthAyI -- "vicAra" e baMnethI yukta ane vivekathI utpanna thayelI "prIti" tathA "sukhathI yukta "ekAgratA'rUpa evuM prathama dhyAna saMpAdana kare che. AmAM vitarka, vicAra, prIti, sukha ane ekAgratA e pAMca aMga che. (2) pachI vitarka ane vicAra e zAMta thayA pachI je cittanI prasannatA, je 1. nATakamAM zRMgArathI pUrNa bhAga jotAM tallIna thavuM te akuzalasamAdhinuM daSTAMta che.

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324 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto cittanI ekAgratA thAya che tethI yukta vitarka vicAra rahita ane samAdhithI utpanna thayelI prIti ane sukhathI yukta evuM bIjuM dhyAna saMpAdana kare che. AmAM vitarka ane vicAra na rahetAM ukta pAMca aMgamAMnAM bAkInAM traNa aMga rahe che. (3) prItinA tyAgathI te upekSAyukta thAya che ane jAgrata (mRtimAnu) thavAnI sAthe ja samAdhisukhano anubhava kare che tene Aryajana upekSAyukta smRtimAnuM ane sukhI kahe che. A prakAranI sthitivALuM tRtIya dhyAna prApta kare che. AmAM prIti na rahetAM sukha ane ekAgratA rahe che. (4) saumanasya ane daurmanasyano pahelAMthI ja nAza karyA pachI sukha ane duHkhano nirodha karI te sukhaduHkhavirahita ane upekSA ane jAgRti (smRti)thI parizuddha evuM caturtha dhyAna prApta kare che. AmAM sukha na rahetAM ekAgratA rahe che ane tenI sAthe smRti rahe che. A pramANe cAra dhyAna saMpAdana karyo ke samyaka samAdhi - kuzala samAdhi thaI evuM kahe che. ane te 40 padArthanuM ciMtana karyAthI sAdhI zakAya che. ane tene karmasthAna kahe che. - nirvANaprApti mATe niraMtara dhArmika kriyAo ane dhyAnasamAdhinI pUrI jarUra che. ucca vicAranA ucca pradezamAM viharavA mATe prathama to bhAvanA bhAvavAnI jarUra che. te 4 prakAre che. 1) maitrIbhAvanA - ApaNI peThe sarva prANImAtra sukhanI icchA kare che evuM jANI krame krame te sarva pratye premabhAva utpanna karavo. jema sadA sarvadA huM sukhI houM, duHkharahita houM tema mArA pramANe mArA mitro paNa, madhyastho paNa ane vairIo sudhdhAM sukhI thAo. AsapAsanAM khetaromAMnAM ane gAmomAM sarva prANI, rAjyanAM prANI ane A vizvanAM prANI sukhI thAo; te ja pramANe strIo, puraSo, Arya-anArya, deva, manuSya, sarve sukhI thAo, durgati tarapha gayelAM prANI paNa sukhI thAo ane daze dizAmAM vasanArAM sarva prANI sukhI thAo. Ama potAnI jAta parathI kamekame samasta vizvanAM prANIo pratye premabhAva kema vadhAravo te AmAM jaNAvela che. saghaLo prANIsamudAya AMkha AgaLa che evuM kalpI tenA para huM manobhAvathI prema karuM chuM, mAruM aMtaHkaraNa premamaya thayuM che, mAro koI zatru rahyo nathI, vAgha-siMha vagere hiMsaka prANI paNa mArA mitra thayAM che, sarpo mArA zarIra para loTe che, vAgha mArI palAMThI para mAthuM mUkIne sUI gayo che ane koI taraphano mane bhaya rahyo nathI" evI nirbhaya bhAvanA karavI joIe. (2) karuNA bhAvanA - e ja rIte sarva pratye karuNA lAvavI. (3) muditA bhAvanA - e ja rIte sarva pratye harSanI lAgaNIthI jovuM. (4) upekSA bhAvane - e ja rIte sarva pratye upekSAthI jovuM. A cAre bhAvanA navIna nathI. juo pAtaMjala darzananuM sUtra : maitrI karuNAmuditopekSANAM sukhaduHkhapuNyApuNya viSayANAM bhAvanAtazcittaprasAdanam.

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dhamI 325 AmAMnI maitrIbhAvanA bauddhadharmamAM suprasiddha ane ati ramaNIya che, paraMtu te buddhadevanI udbhAvita nathI. vedanI saMhitAonA samayathI A bhAva cAlyo Ave che : - mitracAhuM sarvAga mUtAni sanIle ! (vAjasaneyi saMhitA) ['mitrano artha ahIM sUrya jaNAya che. (?)] cAra arUdhyAyatana uparokta cAra dhyAnamAMnAM keTalAMka dhyAnamAM je sthiti krame krame thAya che te batAve che : anekatAno vicAra karatAM rUpaskaMdhano, saMjJAskaMdhano taddana nAza karyA pachI anaMta AkAzano vicAra karatAM (1) anaMta AkAzanA Ayatana - sthAnamAM javAya che, ane te vicArane dUra karI anaMta vijJAnano vicAra karatAM (2) anaMta vijJAnanA AyatanamAM javAya che ane te vicArane dUra karatAM zUnyatAno vicAra karavAmAM AvatAM (3) zUnyatAnA AyatanamAM javAya che. te chatAM paNa je kaMI vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra ane vijJAna rahe te eTale te sarva dRzyane dhyAna dharanAra kSaNika (anitya), duHkhamaya (duHkha), AtmArahita mithyA (anAtmA) gaNe che ane temAMthI pachI potAnuM mana sadA sthAyI evI vastu nirvANa) pratye A rIte vALe che. A zAMti che, A ucca Adarza che, sarva bhavano nAza, dareka jAtanA janmathI mukti, tRSNAno nAza, lobhathI vimukti - nirvANa' che ane A dizAmAM te nirvANano sAkSAtkAra kare che. A traNa pasAra karyA pachI nirvANa prApta thAya to ciMtA nahi, kAraNa ke tyArapachI te evI sthiti prApta kare che ane evA sthaLe pahoMce che ke jyAMthI tene nirvANa ja maLe - bIjI vAra janma levo ja na paDe. nirodha - samapatti athavA zUnyatAnuM Ayatana taddana dUra karyA pachI (4) ardha - saMjJAnuM Ayatana prApta thAya che (A cAra arUpI Ayatana caturtha dhyAnanI avasthAo che ane lokottara sthitio che. evuM abhidharmamAM kaheluM che.) chevaTe A ardha-saMjJAne - Ayatanane taddana dUra karyA pachI evI sthiti prApta kare che ke jyAM vedanA ne saMjJAno AtyaMtika nirodha - nAza hoya che. sarakhAvo jaina dharmamAM ayogI guNasthAna. A ucca Adarza che - nirvANa che. dharma paurANika paMthamAM brahmA, viSNu ane ziva e traNane mukhya devatA gaNela che, jaina dharmamAM saddadeva, sadguru ane sadharma e traNane sattattva gaNe che athavA samyagdarzana, samyajJAna ane samyakjhAritra e traNane traNa ratna (ratnatraya) gaNela che, tema bauddha dharmamAM buddha, dharma ane saMgha e traNane zreSThatva ApyuM che. AmAMnA dharmanuM svarUpa te agAu varNavI gayA te AryaaSTAMgika mArga che. ane tene bIjI rIte vaheMcIe. sabba pApassa akaraNaM kusalassa upasaMpadA / sacittapariyodapanaM etaM buddhAnasAsanam / / - dhammapada

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326 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto - sarva pApothI virata -- dUra rahevuM (zIla), kuzala (puNya)no saMcaya karavo (samAdhi) ane svacittanuM damana karavuM (prajJA) e buddhanuM anuzAsana che, arthAt zIla, samAdhi ane prajJA e traNa dharmamArganAM mukhya pagathiyAM che ane tene adhizIla zikSA, adhicitta zikSA ane adhiprajJA zikSA kahe che. AmAM AryaaSTAMgika mArganAM ATha aMga aMtargata thAya che. adhizIla zikSA adhicitta zikSA adhiprajJA zikSA samyakvAcA, samyak kamata, samyapha AjIvana samyakTaSTi samyaksakalpa samyadhyAyAma samyasmRti samyaksamAdhi A badhAno upasaMhAra karI jaIe : adhizIla zikSA bauddha samAjamAM puruSonA cAra bheda che nAme gRhastha, upAsaka, zrAmaNera ane bhikSu, tevA ja strInA gRhiNI, upAsikA, brAmaNerI, ane bhikSuNI e cAra bheda che. te paikI bhikSuNI ane zrAmaNerIno varga hAlamAM vidyamAna nathI, bAkInA cha brahmadeza, silona vageremAM che. AmAMnA bhikSu ane zrAmaNerane adhizIla zikSAno je bhAga lAgu paDe che te samyakvAcAdi AgaLa kahevAI gayela che ane gRhastha ane gRhiNIne je bhAga lAgu paDe che tenA be bheda che : vihitazIla eTale buddhe ApelI chUTa pramANe anusaravuM, ane niSiddhazIla eTale teNe jeno tyAga karavAnuM kahela hoya teno tyAga karavo. vihitazIla mATe maMgalasutta ane sigAlasuttamAM jaNAvela che te parathI khyAla Ave tema che. maMgalasuttamAM aneka judIjudI rIte maMgala kahe che to temAM eka devatA buddha pAse AvI uttama maMgala kayuM evo prazna pUchatAM buddha javAba Ape che ke : mUkhanI saMgatithI dUra rahevuM, paMDitanI saMgati karavI ane pUjyanI pUjA karavI. yogya dezamAM vasavuM, puNyasaMcayarUpa milakata bhegI karavI ane manane sanmArgamAM dRDha rAkhavuM, puSkaLa vidyA bhaNavI, kalA zIkhavI, sadvartananI Teva pADavI ane samayocita bolavuM, mAbApanI sevA karavI, saMtatinuM yogya pAlana karavuM, ane anAkula thaI kArya karavuM. dAnadharma karavAM, dhArmika AcaraNa hovAM, svajana para upakAra karavAne prazasta kArya karavAM, pApadharmathI kaMTALI tethI dUra rahevuM, madyapAnano tyAga, ane dharmakAryomAM apramAda sevavo. puruSonuM gaurava vadhAravuM, namrabhAvathI vartavuM, saMtuSTa ane kRtajJa thavuM, ane vakhatovakhata dharmazravaNa karavuM. kSati (sahana karavuM), satya bolavuM, zramaNonAM darzana ane dhArmika viSaya para vAraMvAra saMbhASaNa karavAM. tapa, brahmacarya, cAra AryasatyanuM jJAna ane nirvANano sAkSAtkAra karavo. (lAbha, hAni, yaza, apayaza, niMdA, stuti, sukha ane duHkha e ATha) lokanA svabhAva sAthe saMbaMdha thatAM citta kaMpavuM nahi, zokarahita, nirmala ane sukharUpa rahevuM. A sarva uttama maMgaLa che.

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327 sigAlasuttamAM gRhasthadharma je je Apela che te lakSamAM levA yogya che to te ahIM jaNAvavo yogya thaze : saMtati pratye mAbApanA dharma 1. pApamAMthI temane nivAravAM, 2. kalyANakAraka mArgamAM temane lAvavAM, 3. kalAkauzalya zIkhavavAM, 4. yogya strI sAthe lagna karAvavAM, pa. yogya samaye temane milakata svAdhIna karavI. mAbApa pratye saMtatinA dharma 1. temanuM kArya karavuM, 2. temanuM poSaNa karavuM, 3. kulaparaMparAgata satkArya cAlu rAkhavAM, 4. temanA kahevA anusAra saMpatti vaheMcI levI, pa. temAMnA koI maraNa pAme to tenA nAme dAnadharma karavuM. guru pratye ziSyanA dharma 1. guru pAse Ave tyAre UbhA thavuM, 2. te AjArI hoya tyAre temanI sevA karavI, 3. zraddhApUrvaka te zIkhave te samajI levuM. 4. temane jenuM kAma paDe te lAvI ApavuM - temanuM kAma karavuM, pa. te zakhave te uttama rItithI zIkhavuM. ziSya pratye gurunA dharma 1. uttama AcAra zIkhavavo, 2. uttama rItithI kalAkauzalya zIkhavavAM, 3. jeTaluM potAne jJAna hoya teTaluM badhuM ziSyane zIkhavavuM, 4. temanA saguNonI potAnA AptamitramAM stuti karavI, 5. te kyAMya jAya to udaranirvAhanI ciMtA na thAya evI vidyA zIkhavavI. Apta mitrAdika pratye strIpuruSanA dharma 1. temane yogya vastuo ApavI, 2. te ghera Ave tyAre temanI sAthe priya bhASaNa karavuM, 3. tenuM kAma hoya te karavuM, 4. ApaNA jevA ja temane gaNavA, 5. temanI sAthe niSkapaTa vartana rAkhavuM. sAmA sAthe AkhamitrAdikanA dharma 1. temanA para saMkaTa AvatAM temAMthI temanuM rakSaNa karavuM, 2. tevA prasaMge temanI saMpattinuM rakSaNa karavuM, 3. saMkaTa samaye te gabharu bane tyAre dhIraja ApavI, 4. vipatti AvI hoya tyAre tene tajavA nahi, 5. temanI saMtati upara paNa upakAra karavo. bauddha bhikSu pratye zrAvakanA dharma 1. dehathI temano Adara karavo, 2. yogya vacanathI Adara karavo, 3. manathI temano Adara karavo - premapUrvaka temanuM bhaluM vAMchavuM, 4. temane joItAM sAdhana pUrAM pADavAM, 5. bhikSA levA Ave tyAre koI aDacaNa na karavI. zrAvaka pratye bhikSunA dharma 1. pApamAMthI temane nivAravA, 2. kalyANakAraka mArge caDAvavA, 3. premapura:sara

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328 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto anugraha karavo, 4. uttama dharma zIkhavavo ane pa. zaMkAnuM nivAraNa karI mananuM samAdhAna karavuM. patnI pratye patinA dharma 1. tene mAna ApavuM, 2. koI rIte tenuM apamAna na karavuM, 3. anya strI sAthe saMbaMdha na rAkhavo (eka patnIvrata AdaravuM), 4. gharano kArabhAra teNIne soMpavo, ane 5. tene vastra vagerenI UNapa paDavA na devI. pati pratye patnInA dharma 1. gharamAM sArI vyavasthA rAkhavI, 2. nokaracAkarane premathI saMbhALavAM, 3. pativratA thavuM, 4. patie meLavelI saMpattinuM rakSaNa karavuM (uDAu na thavuM), 5. sarva gRhakAryamAM udyogI ane dakSa thavuM. cAkara pratye zeThanA dharma 1. tenuM sAmarthya joI tene kAma soMpavuM, 2. tene yogya pagAra Apavo, 3. te mAMdo paDe to tenI cAkarI karavI, 4. vAraMvAra tene uttama bhojana ApavAM, 5. uttama kAma kare to tene bakSisa ApavI. zeTha pratye cAkaranA dharma 1. zeTha UThyA pahelAM UThavuM, 2. dhaNI sUI jAya pachI sUvuM, 3. zeThanA mAlanI corI karavI nahi, 4. uttama rIte kAma karavuM ane 5. sarvatra zeThanI kIrti gAvI - prasAravI. A vihitazIla che. niSiddhazIlamAM prathamAraMbhe gRhastha ane gRhiNIe nitya pALavAnA 5 niyama che. (1) prANaghAta na karavo (2) adattAdAna na karavuM (3) vyabhicAra na karavo (4) khoTuM na bolavuM (5) dArU vagere mAdaka padArtha sevana na karavAM. A saMbaMdhamAM bauddha hamezAM maMtra bole che ke jethI niraMtara tene yAda rahe ke tene amuka niyamo pALavAnA baMne AThama, pUrNimA ane vada caudaza e cAra divasone 'uposatha" divasa kahe che, ane te divase gRhastha ane gRhiNI dharmaciMtanamAM ja gALe che tyAre te "upAsaka' ane "upAsikA' kahevAya che. ane tyAre teone ATha niyama jALavavAnA hoya che ke jeno niSiddhazIlamAM samAveza thAya che. (1) prANaghAta (2) staya (3) abrahmacarya (4) mRSAvAda (5) surAdi sevanathI nivRtti (6) madhyAhna pachI na jamavuM (7) nRtya, gItA vagere kAmavikAranuM uddIpana karanArI bAbata jovI nahi ane mALAgaMdhAdi (mojazokhanA) padArtha vAparavA nahi. (8) UMcI ane moTI pathArI para na sUvuM. A AThamAM uparokta pAMca niyamamAMnA 1,2,4 ane pamo e cAra niyama barAbara Ave che. paNa te pAMca niyamamAM trIjo niyama vyabhicAra na karavo ema che jyAre AmAM trIjA niyama pramANe upothane divase brahmacArI rahevuM ja joIe evI AjJA che.

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dharma 329 ukta cAra divase uposatha pALavAnI sagavaDa gRhastha ke gRhiNIne na hoya to game te divase pALavAmAM harakata nathI. brahmadezamAM oNphisa vagerenA kAmane lIdhe savaDa na hovAthI zanivAre uposatha pALe che. kAya, vAcA ane mananAM maLI je daza pApa - akuzala che te agAu kahevAI gayAM che, teno tyAga karavo te niSiddhazIlamAM aMtarbhAva pAme che. vaLI adhizIlanA hAnibhAgI, sthitibhAgI, vizeSabhAgI, ane nirvedabhAgI e cAra bheda karyA che. hAnibhAgI zIla - je avidvAna manuSya pApIono - durazIlano sahavAsa rAkhe che ane zIlavaMtano samAgama rAkhatA nathI, je niyamabhaMga karavAmAM doSa jotA nathI, mithyAsaMkalpa vizeSataH karyA kare che ane Idriyone dAbamAM rAkhatA nathI teonuM zIla hAnibhAgI che. sthitibhAgI zIla - je zIlasaMpattithI prasanna thAya che, karmasthAnano anuyoga eTale dhyAnasamAdhi sAdhya karavAno vicAra karyA kare che, je zIlathI saMtuSTa thaI AgaLa prayatna karavo choDI deto nathI te bhikSanuM zIla sthitibhAgI che. vizeSabhAgI zIla - je zIlasaMpanna bhikSa samAdhi sAdhavA arthe prayatna kare che tenuM zIla vizeSabhAgI che. nirvedabhAgI zIla - je bhikSane kevala zIlathI tRpti thatI nathI ane je satata vairAgyaprApti mATe prayatna kare che tenuM zIla nirvedabhAgI che. joke A cAra bheda bhikSune uddezI che tathApi te gRhastha ane gRhiNIne paNa lAgu paDe che. A ane agAu batAvela traNa bheda ahIM jaNAvyA che tenuM kAraNa e ke ApaNuM zIla hIna ke hAnibhAgI na thavA detAM uttarottara ucca ucca pada para caDAyA te mATe prayatna karavo. adhicitta zikSA athavA samAdhi adhizIla zikSA saMpAdana karyA pachI A adhicitta zikSA prApta karavA prayatna karavo ghaTe che. zIla - saMpatti meLavyA vagara samAdhilAbha thavAno nathI. A saMbaMdhe Arya aSTAMgika mArgamAM kahevAI gayuM che. adhiprajJA zikSA kiMvA prajJA prajJA be prakAranI che ? laukika prajJA ane lokottara prajJA. jethI manuSya prapaMca madhya alpaprayAsathI paropakAra karavA samartha thAya che kiMvA khalamanuSyanA kAvAdAvA cAlavA deto nathI te laukika prajJA. jAtakagraMthamAM vArtArUpe tenAM aneka udAharaNo maLI Ave che. lokottara prajJA eTale Aryasatyo, pratIya samutpAda ItyAdinuM yathArtha jJAna. Ane ja atra adhiprajJA zikSA athavA prajJA kahela che. te samAdhi thayA pachI thAya che. kAraNake kahyuM che ke "samAhito thAkUtiM pati, pUnAnAti' - jene samAdhilAbha thayo te yathArthatAthI joI jANI zake che. te ja rIte mArA mAnavA pramANe prajJA hoya to samAdhi sukhethI karI zakAya che. Ama arasaparasa saMbaMdha che. samAdhithI saMpUrNa

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto prajJA prApta thAya che. prajJAmAM jenuM jJAna karavAnuM che te Aryasatya ne pratItya samutpAda saMbaMdhe agAu kahevAI gayuM che. 330 bauddha traNa zaraNa saMbaMdhI tathA paMcazIlanA maMtra bole che te pahelAM evuM bole che ke namo tasya bhAvato garahato sambhAsaMbuddhamsa Ano artha e thAya che ke te bhagavAn arhat (pavitra)ne mAro namaskAra che ke jeNe saMbodhi - saMpUrNa bodha - jJAna - prajJA meLavela che. trizaraNa A pachI bauddha bhikSu trizaraNano maMtra traNa vakhata bole che ane tyAra pachI bauddha upAsaka (zrAvaka) tene traNa vakhata vaMde che H buddhaM saraNaM gacchAmi, dhammaM saraNaM gacchAmi, saMghaM saraNaM gacchAmi. - buddhane zaraNe jAuM chuM, dharmane zaraNe jAuM chuM, saMghane zaraNe jAuM chuM. dutiyaMtti eTale bIjI vakhata ane tatiyaMtti trIjI vakhata te sarvane zaraNe jAuM chuM. paMcazIla = 1 AvI rIte traNa vakhata trizaraNa (buddha, dharma ane saMgha ke jene traNaratna kahevAmAM Ave che) grahyA pachI paMcazIlanuM vrata levAmAM Ave che ane te evI rIte ke H 1. pANAtipAtA veramaNi sikkhApadaM samAdiyAmi 2. adinnAdAnA veramaNi sikkhApadaM samAdiyAmi 3. kAmesu micchAcAra veramaNi sikkhApadaM samAdiyAmi 4. musAvAdA veramaNi sikkhApadaM samAdiyAmi 5. surA - meca - mannu 1. koIpaNa prANInA prANano atipAta - - pamAdatthAnA veramaNi sikkhApadaM samAdiyAmi prANa levAthI viramavA rUpa eTale prANAtipAtathI viramavA rUpa zikSApada. 2. koIe na Apela cIja levAthI viramavArUpa - koInI cIja coravA rUpa - adattAdAnathI viramavArUpa zikSApada. 3. kAmaviSayamAM mithyAcArathI viramavArUpa zikSApada. 4. mRSAvAda - jUThuM bolavAthI viramavArUpa zikSApada. 5. surA (dArU) vagere pramAdasthAnothI vigmavArUpa zikSApada. 1. buddha te gautama zAkyamuni sUcave che ke jenuM caritra pUrve ApavAmAM AvyuM che; dharma eTale te buddhano upadeza ke je tipiTakamAM saMgrahavAmAM Avela che. teno artha zAsana, satya thAya che. saMgha (akSarArtha samUha lokasamUha) te buddhe sthApela bhikSuvarga, te vargamAMnA sauthI prasiddha bhikSuo buddhanA samayamAM A hatA H nAme sAraputta ke jeNe buddhanA pachI dharmanuM saMpUrNa jJAna meLavyuM, moggalAna ke jeNe siddhio prApta karI hatI, AnaMda ke je buddhano priya ziSya hato ane tenI sAthe ja niraMtara raheto hato, kassapa ke je buddhanirvANa pachI turata ja rAjagRhamAM bharAyelI saMgitino pramukha hato, anuruddha ke je tarkavidyAmAM ghaNo kuzaLa hato ane rAhula ke je buddhano saMsArAvasthAmAM putra hato. buddhathI viruddha vartanAra devadatta hato.

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vizvavyavasthA 331 vizvavyavasthA vizva asaMkhya goLAonuM baneluM che. te dareka goLAnuM nAma 'cakravAla' ApavAmAM AvyuM che. te dareka cakravAlane potAnI pRthvI, sUryacaMdra, svarga ane naraka hoya che. A goLA vacce keTalAMka narako rahela che tene "lokAMtarika' kahevAmAM Ave che. ApaNI pRthvInA madhyabiMdumAM meruparvata - sumera Avelo che ke jenI AsapAsa mukhya parvato 'kulAcala' rahelA che. ane teonI pelI mera cAra 'mahAdvIpo AvelA che. temAM uttarakuru ane jaMbudvIpa merunI dakSiNa ane aparagodAna (athavA aparagodanIya) merunI pazcime ane pUrvavideha merunI pUrve Avela che. - ukta dareka cakravAlamAM traNa avacara (pradeza) che ke jene loka (pRthvIo) athavA dhAtuo (= thara, astara) paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. temAMthI sauthI nIceno kAmaloka che, tethI UMco eTale vacalo rUpaloka che ke je rUpano pradeza hoI dhyAnanI cAra avasthAomAM vaheMcAyelo che, ane sauthI UMco arUpa (rUpa vagarano) loka che. kAmalokamAM che jAtanA deva vase che. 1. cAra dipAla, 2, 32 devatA, 3. yamo, 4. tuSito, 5. nirmANaratio, 6. parinirmita - vazavartIo. A cha devalokanI sAthe manuSyaloka, asuraloka, khetaloka, jIvaloka ane narako e pAMca umeratAM 11 kAmaloka thAya che. rUpaloka (rUpa brahmalokomAM 16 bhAga che. tyAM kAmarahita judIjudI jAtanA devatAo rahe che. temanAM nAma nIcethI letAM A che : 1. brahma pArijja, 2. brahma purohita, 3. mahAbrahma, 4. parittAbha, 5. appamANAbha, 6. Abhasmara, 7. parittasubha, 8. apramANasubha, 9. subhakiNa, 10. vehaphala, 11. asatrasatta, 12. aviha, 13. ataSNa, 14. sudalsa, 15. sudasminuM, 16. akanitya. AmAMnA 1-3 prathama dhyAnanI traNe avasthAo sAdhavAthI anukrame prApta thAya che, tyArapachInA traNa 4-6 bIjuM dhyAna dharavAthI, tyArapachInA traNa 9-9 trIjuM dhyAna sAdhavAthI, tyArapachInA 10-11 cothA dhyAnathI ane chellA pAMca 12-16 anAgAmIthI prApta thAya che. arUpalokanA 4 prakAra che. tenAM nAma barAbara ArUSpakarmasthAna pramANe che. naraka - sarvaloka karatAM nikRSTamAM nikRSTa naraka che. mukhya naraka ATha che nAma : saMjIva, kAlasUtra, saMghAta, raurava, mahAraurava, tapana, pratApana, ane avIcI je sau karatAM UMDuM naraka che. A sivAya lokAMtarika (upara kahela che te) narako che ane bIjAM nAnAM narako che. uttarabauddho uparokta 8 narakane uSNa naraka jaNAvI bIjAM 8 zIta naraka umere che, nAme abda, niranda, atata, hahava, huhava, utpala, pA ane mahApA. pAligraMthomAM e ja ane thoDAM vadhAre nAmo Ave che ? atata, abda, niranda, ahaha, abala, kumuda, uppalaka, sogaMdhika, purIka ane padma. jIvaloka - narakanI upara prANIo vase che. A maMtavya prAcIna daMtakathA lAge che kAraNake kharAM prANIo ApaNA manuSyalokamAM vase che. AnI upara khetaloka che. joke pretone lokAMtarika narakamAM paNa mUkavAmAM AvyA che.

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332 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto AnI upara asuraloka che ke jemAM rAhu mukhya che. A uparokta naraka, jIvaloka, pretaloka ane asuraloka e cArane "apAyaloka' kahevAmAM Ave che kAraNake tyAM apAya eTale duHkha bhogavavAmAM Ave che. A cAramAM pAMcamI manuSyagati umeratAM pAMca gati thAya che. A vyavasthAo saMbaMdhI vAdomAM khAtarIpUrvaka zraddhA keTalI rAkhavI e samajavuM muzkela che. A to kharuM che ke pAli sUtromAM (uttara temaja dakSiNanAM), buddha pote brahmalokamAM jaI AvyA hatA temaja bIjA svagamAM gayA hatA tenA saMbaMdhamAM buddha pote ja kahela vAkyo che. brahmA ane Idra temanA darzanArthe Avela hatA e paNa spaSTa ullekha che. buddha manuSyonA AvatA bhavo jANe che ane AgaLathI kahI Ape che. A parathI ApaNe zuM anumAna bAMdhavuM ? jemaNe pAlisUtro racyAM tenI A saMbaMdhe zraddhA. game te ho paraMtu bauddhono moTo bhAga pachI sAdhu ho ke gRhastha ho paNa atyAra sudhI temanAM sUtromAM je lakhyuM che te akSarazaH mAnI temAM pUrNa zraddhA rAkhe che. A 31 pRthvImaMDalanI yojanA ane tenA vAsIo uparAMta bIjI eka pRthvI che ke jemAM jIvonA bheda temanI ucca ane UtaratI paMktinI AdhyAtmika unnatinA krama pramANe pADyA che. A bheda sthAyI nathI kAraNake UtaratI paMktimAMthI karmanI sahAyathI uccatama sthiti prApta thAya che ane ucca paMktie caDela buddha, pratyekabuddha, ane ahaMtu e traNanA apavAda sivAya (kAraNake teo mokSe javA nirmita che) nIcalI paMktimAM Ave che. A bheda A pramANe che : uccatama jIvo 1. buddha, tyAra pachI UtaratA anukrame, 2. pratyekabuddha, 3. ahaMto, 4. devo, pa. brahma, 6. gAMdharvo, 7. garuDo (vIjaLI peThe AkAzagAmI pAMkhavALAM prANIo), 8. nAga (sarpa jevA jIvo - vAdaLAMne maLatAM), 9. yakSo, 10. kubhAMDo, 11. asuro, 12. rAkSaso, 13. preto, 14. narakavAsI. AmAMthI pahelA traNanAM lakSaNo tapAsavAnI jarUra che. bAkInA carcavAnI jarUra nathI kAraNake te hiMdunAM purANomAM jaNAvelAM che tene maLatAM che. ahaMto, pratyekabuddho ane temanAM lakSaNo bauddha siddhAMta pramANe je nirvANanA mArgamAM jatAM cothI ane chellI avasthAmAM gamana karatA hoya te ahaMto che. te eka vakhata kahevAI gayuM che. sAmAnya vyakti karatAM temanAmAM atizaya ucca zaktio hoya che. temAMnI eka to (1) artha (2) dharma (3) nirukti (4) pratibhAnane lagatI cAra jAtanI pratisaMbhidA hoya che. eTale ke sarva viSayanA artha jANavA mATe, sarva vastunA dharma samajavA mATe, tenuM spaSTa vivecana karavA - vistAravAmAM tatparatA Ave evI adbhuta zakti temanAmAM Ave che. vaLI tenAmAM pAMca jAtanI abhijJA (lokottara jJAna) hoya che. (1) iddhi' - camatkAra karavAnI zakti (2) divyakarNazakti ke jethI vizvanA sarva svaro sAMbhaLI 1. iddhinA prAtihArya traNa che. 1. Rddhi prAtihArya 2. AdezanA prAtihArya 3. anuzAsanI prAtihArya..

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buddho ane temanAM lakSaNo zzz ane samajI zakAya (3) bIjAnA vicAro jANavAnI zakti (4) pUrvabhavonI smRti (5) 'divyadaSTi ke jethI A jagatamAM je bane te sarvane joI zakAya ane bIjA jagatumAM kema jIvo janme che ane mare che te joI zakAya. A sivAya 6ThI, abhijJA che te patana karAvanAra viSayavRttiono nAza kare che. (ahamAM 8 vidyA paNa hoya che ane temAM uparokta 6 abhijJA te 6vidyA, 9mI vidyA vipazyanA (vidarzanA) jJAna eTale satyajJAna ne dhyAnadazA che, ane 8mI manomaya iddhi che ke je 10 iddhimAMnI eka che. AmAMnI vipazyanA (vidarzanA) te samatAnI sAthe vaparAya che ane tethI ahaMnA be bhAga paDe che. (1) sumba vismika eTale je mAtra darzana karyA kare - dhyAna dharyA kare, (2) je samatAmAM - zAMtimAM lIna hoya te samathayAnika.) iddhi - camatkAra karI batAvavAnI zaktine cAra jAtanA padhAna - sammapadhAna (saM. supha pradadhAti) = samyak prayatnonI sahAyatA levI paDe che. (1) Idriyane damavAmAM prayatna (saMvara - pradajAti), (2) pApamaya vicArone tajavAmAM prayatna (3) bhAvanA bhAvavAmAM ane (4) sthiratAthI cIvaTapaNe daDhatA rAkhavAmAM prayatna. keTalAka guNo ke je ahaMtomAM hoya che. te bodhisattvomAM paNa hoya che tethI tene have pachI laIzuM. ahanuM pradhAna lakSaNa prajJA che. AthI saMsArasamudra te ullaMghI jAya che tethI te "prajJAvimukta' kahevAya che. ahetuthI UtaratI avasthAnA anAgAmI" arvat thayA vagara aMtima sAdhya meLavI zakatA nathI, paNa samAdhithI brahmalokamAM jAya che, ane (jyAre) "sadAgAmI' ane 'srotApanna "zIla'nA prabhAvathI brahmaloka ane apAya-lokanI vacamAMnA lokamAM jaI zake che. | uttamamAM uttama 'Arya' te ahaMtu, ane nirvANagAmI ja ahaMtu thaI zake. keTalIka vakhata Arya, ahitu ane zrAvaka e traNe ekAryavAcaka tarIke vaparAyelA che. mULa zrAvaka te zrotA - buddhano ziSya, paraMtu ghaNI vakhata ahetu athavA ArthanA arthamAM tene vAparavAmAM Ave che ane "AryazrAvaka' e sAmAsika zabdano artha bhaktivA zrAvaka thAya che. pratyekabuddha karatAM ahatnI padavI UtaratI che. buddhanI peThe jemaNe svazaktithI nirvANayogya jJAna prApta karyuM hoya che, paNa je tenA saMbaMdhI upadeza ApatA nathI temane pratyekabuddha' kahevAmAM Ave che. te sarvajJa nathI temaja badhI rIte buddhathI Utare che. e to kudaratano niyama che ke je samaye buddha vartamAna hoya che te vakhate pratyekabuddha vidyamAna hoI zakatA nathI. buddho ane temanAM lakSaNo je dharmanI parAkASThAe pahoMce che te buddha bane che. temanAM bAhya ane AMtarika lakSaNo prathama joIe; pachI buddha kevA prakAranA che te tapAsIzuM. 1. yogasUtra 3, 4). WWW.jainelibrary.org

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto bAhya lakSaNo - badhAM lakSaNomAM mukhya evAM 32 lakSaNa hoya che ke je 'mahApuruSa lakSaNa' kahevAya che. A lakSaNo cakravartI, ahaMto ane bIjA pratiSThita mahAtmAomAM paNa hoya che. gauNa lakSaNo - anuvyaMjana 80 che. A badhAMne varNavatAM vistAra vadhe tema che tethI jANa mATe mukhyamukhya laIe. sarva buddho potAnI divya dRSTithI sarva jaganuM eka divasamAM 6 vakhata samagra rIte nirIkSaNa karI zake che. 334 buddhanAM mAnasika lakSaNo traNa prakAre che. (1) 10 prakAranAM bala (zaktio), (2) 18 AveNika dharma (viziSTa dharma) (3) 4 jAtanAM vaizAragha (kuzaLatA). - dazabala - (1) yogyAyogyanuM (2) karmaphulanuM (3) sanmArganuM (4) dhAtunuM (mULa tattvonuM) (5) jIvonI bhinnabhinna vRttionuM (6) iMdriyanI arasparasa saMbaMdha rAkhatI zaktionuM (7) sarva jAtanAM dhyAna ane samAdhinuM (8) manane pavitra ane dRDha banAvavAnuM (9) pUrvabhavasmaraNa (10) naitika adhamatA dUra karavAnuM - jJAna buddhane hoya che. AthI buddhane 'dazabala' kahevAmAM Ave che. aDhAra AveNika dharmo - buddha dharmo (1--6) 1. bhUtakAlanI sarvavastuone, 2. bhaviSyanI vastuone, 3. vartamAnanI sarva vastuone, 4. zarIranAM kAryonI yogyatA, 5. vANInAM kAryanI yogyatA, 6. vicAranAM kAryonI yogyatA joI zake che. 7. AzayanI dRDhatA, 8. smRtinI dRDhatA, 9. samAdhinI dRDhatA, 10. vIryanI dRDhatA, 11, mukti, 12. prajJAnI dRDhatA, 13. manasvitAthI mukti, 14. ati moTI svaritatA - avAjano abhAva, 15. gabharATano abhAva, 16. adhIrAIno - utAvaLiyApaNAno abhAva, 17. durlakSano abhAva, 18. asamajaNano abhAva. cAra vaizArada pote tathAgata hoIne tenI pratIti thaI hoya che ke tene (1) sarvajJatA prApta thaI che. (2) pote pApathI mukta thayela che. (3) nirvANamAM je aMtarAya dharmo che tene pote jANe che. (3) pote nirvANano sat mArga batAvyo che. tathAgatanAM sAmAnya nAma buddha, jina, sugata, tathAgata che, nizcita nAma arhat, zAstA, bhagavat che ane varNanAtmaka nAma dazabala, lokavid, puruSadamya sArathi, sarvajJa, SaDabhijJa, anuttara, narottama, devAtideva, trikAlajJa, triprAtihAryasaMpanna, nirbhaya, niravagha vagere che. buddha - -- chellA buddha gautamabuddha thayA che ane tenI pahelAM 24 buddha thayelA che ema bauddho mAne che ane temanAM nAma pAli bhASAmAM A pramANe che H divaMkara, kauDanna, maMgala, sumanas, revata, sobhita, anomadassin, paduma, nArada, padumuttara, sumedha, sujAta, piyadaksin (priyadarzI), atyadaksina (arthadarzI), siddhastha (siddhArtha), tissa (tiSya), pusta (puSya), vipassin, sikhi, vessabhU, kakusaMdha, kog2Agamana, ane kasapa (kazyapa). A darekanuM bodhivRkSa juduMjuduM hoya che. 1 jevI rIte A tathAgata bhUtakAlamAM thayA, tevI rIte bhaviSyamAM bhinna thavAnA. have pachInA samayanA buddha te maitreya (ajita) che ke je hAla bodhisattva rUpe tuSita 1. badhA yuropIya vidvAno gautama buddha sivAyanA badhA buddhone kalpita (mythical) mAne che.

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bodhisattvo ane temanAM lakSaNo svargamAM che, badhA tathAgata sarakhA hoya che. paNa kadamAM, AyuSyamAM, kulamAM bhinna hoya che. koI kSatriya to koI brAhmaNa hoya che. dareke prarUpelo dharma eka sarakho hoya che ane jyAre ema kahevAmAM Ave che ke koInI sahAya vagara gautama buddhe potAnA aMta2balathI dharma pravartAvyo, to teno artha e che ke temaNe potAnI preraNAthI jUnA samayanAM bhulAyelAM satyo pharIvAra zodhI kADhyAM. A prakAranA buddhothI vilakSaNa evA buddho hovAnuM mahAyAna nAmanI bauddha zAkhAe kalpeluM che ane temane pAMca dhyAnI budgha kahevAmAM Ave che. A kadIpaNa bodhisatva thayA vagaranA zAzvata buDhDho che ane temanAM nAma vairocana, akSobhya, ratnasaMbhava, amitAbha athavA amitAyu, ane amosiddhi ApavAmAM AvyAM che. teonI ardhAMganA tarIke tArAo zaktio kalpI che ane temanAM nAma vajradhAtvIzvarI, locanA, mAmakI, pAMdarA ane tArA e ApavAmAM AvyAM che. buddha kevA prakAranA che te saMbaMdhI jaNAvatAM gautama buddhane eka brAhmaNe Apa koNa cho ? e savAla pUchatAM temaNe je uttara Apyo te ahIM kahevo basa thaze. 'huM deva nathI, huM gaMdharva nathI, huM yakSa nathI, huM manuSya nathI. are brAhmaNa ! samaja ke huM buddhu chuM.' A parathI budgha manuSya karatAM kaMIka vilakSaNa che. 1 335 bodhisattvo ane temanAM lakSaNo buddhanuM sauthI ucca pada prApta karyA pahelAM asaMkhya bhavo UMcAnIcA levA paDe che. je buddha thavA nirmAyelo che tene bodhisattva kahevAmAM Ave che. te AgAmI bhAvI buddha che. bodhisattvanA unnatikramamAM abhinihAra - buddha thavAnI mahattvecchA 2. vyAkaraNa 1. mAdhyamika nAmanA bauddha darzanabhede sarva zUnya e siddhAMtane jaI evuM prasiddha karyuM che ke buddha sarva peThe pote zUnya che che eTale nirvANa jevuM kaMI nathI mAtra mAyA che avidyAmAMthI udbhave che. barAbara nyAyapUrvaka tarkathI laI H tevI ja rIte nirvANa paNa zUnya nirvANano vicAra sarakho paNa [mAdhyamika saMpradAyamAM vyAvahArika jJAnathI je jJAta che te niHsvabhAva che, kAraNake dareka jJAna bIjA para AdhArita che, sApekSa che tethI teno viSaya zuddha svarUpamAM jANI zakAya nahIM. A nyAya temaNe buddha ane nirvANanA khyAlane paNa lAgu pADyo che. kAraNake ajJAna ane saMsAranA khyAla sAthe e saMkaLAyelA che. jema zaMkarAcArya kahe che ke AtmA nityazuddha - mukta che tethI tene vizeno baMdhana temaja mokSano khyAla paNa avidyAne lIdhe che. chatAM tyAM sudhI pahoMcavA mATe buddhi sivAya koI sAdhana nathI je lagabhaga chellI avasthA sudhI laI jAya che ane pachI badhA prakAranI zuddhi to prApta thayelI che ja tethI parA prajJA ke sAkSAtkAra jhaLakI UThe che je svarUpAvasthA che ane koI vyAvahArika sAdhanathI varNavI zakAya nahIM; varNavavAnI jarUra paNa nathI. - - 'carcyA'mAM traNa avasthA prApta thAya che. 1. tenA samayamAM vartatA buddha

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336 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto tathAgatanuM bhaviSyasUcana ke te eka vakhata bUda thaze. 3. halAhala - teno chello bhava thAya tyAre bhAre garjanAmaya zabdomAM harSasatkAra. keTalAka cAra avasthA kahe che. 1. manas - dhAraNA, 2. praNidhAna - daDha nizcaya, 3. vAku praNidhAna - te daDha nizcayanuM jAhera thavuM, 4. vivaraNa - prakaTIkaraNa. bodhisattvanAM keTalAMka nAma che temAMnuM sAmAnya nAma mahAsattva che. mahAyAnIo AvAM ghaNAM mAne che. temAM sauthI prasiddha maitreya, temaja avalokitezvara athavA lokezvara ane maMjuzrI che. bodhisattvamAM naitika ane buddhinA ghaNA guNo che. anukaMpA e prAdhAnya che. ahat pravRttimAna nathI jyAre bodhisattvo ghaNA pravRttimAnuM che. ahamAM vRttiono. kSaya thayo hoya che jyAre bodhisattvamAM anukaMpAvRtti atizaya hoya che. bodhisattvamAM daza pAramitA (pUrNatA) hoya che. 1. dAna, 2. zIla, 3. nakhamma (sa. niSkarme - saMsAratyAga), 4. patrA (prajJA), pa. viriya (vIrya - zakti), 6. khAMti (kSati), 7. savya (satya), 8. adhiThThIna (adhiSThAna - nizcaya), 9. mettA - merI (maitrI), 10. upekhA (upekSA - taTasthatA - mAdhyacya). [dasa pAramitAnAM nAmo A pramANe paNa maLe che H dAna, zIla, nivRtti, jJAna, vIrya, kSAnti, satya, daDhatA, mitratA, udAsInatA.] ahane je buddhinA viziSTa guNo - bodhipAkSika dharmo hoya che te bodhisattvomAM hoya che ? te 7 che. 1. cAra mRtyupasthAna (januM svarUpa kahevAI gayuM che), 2. cAra samyakjhahANa, 3. cAra jAtanI Rddhi - iddhi - iddhipAda, 4. pAMca Idriya, mana - zaktio - zraddhA, vIrya, smRti, samAdhi, ane prajJA, pa. pAMca bala - pAMca iMdriya jevAM, 6. sAta boago : smRti, dharmavicaya - nirIkSaNa, vIrya, prIti, zAMti, ekAgratA - samAdhi, samatA. 7. Arya aSTAMgika mArga. tattvajJAna vizvavicAra naM novaivicam | e parathI lokanuM vaicitrya karmamAMthI utpanna thayela che. dareka vastu akhaMDapaNe paryAya pAmatI - badalAtI jAya che. na ca nirodhosti na ca bhAvosti sarvadA ajAtamaniruddhaM ca tasmAt sarvamidaM jagat / / sarvadA nAza paNa nathI, janma paNa nathI, tethI A sarva jagat janma ane nirodha vagaranuM che. chatAM paNa vivAre nAsti siMvihetava: | nisti vivihetuY] vicAratAM koIpaNa bAbata hetu vagaranI banatI nathI. to dareka pheraphAra thAya che temAM aneka kAraNo che ane temAMnuM pradhAna kAraNa je hoya che tene "pratyaya" athavA hetu' kahe che. yathArtha rIte kahetAM dareka pheraphArano pratyaya te banavAmAM je je sthitio joIe teno saravALo che. je kAraNathI kArya thAya che tene te pheraphArano hetu' kahe che. amuka

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tattvajJAna 339 bIjamAMthI amuka rIpo thAya che to te bIja te ropAno hetu che jyAre jamIna, prakAza, havA, vagere ke je tenA vikAsa mATe Avazyaka che teno saravALo e hetu che. te ja rIte vijJAnabIja vyaktitva (nAmarUpa)nA vikAsano hetu che, jyAre mAtapitAno saMsarga, mAtAno garbha vagere hetuo evA che ke je amuka jAtanuM viziSTa vyaktitva utpanna kare che. hitu eTale mukhya kAraNa ane pratyaya eTale tadanukUla kAraNasAmagrI. hetu mukhya kAraNa hoya che ane pratyaya gauNa kAraNa. jemake pRthvImAM bIja vAvatAM te Uge che. pRthvI, sUrya, varSA AdinI sahAyatAthI te vRkSa bane che. ahIM bIja hetu che ane pRthvI, sUrya vagere pratyaya che. vRkSa phaLa kahevAya che. pratyaya' zabda kAraNanA sAmAnya arthamAM prayojAya che.] koIpaNa pheraphAra svayameva thato nathI. tenAM kAraNa to avazya hovAM joIe. kAraNonI paraMparA samajAvavA mATe pratItya samutpAdano bauddha siddhAMta mUkavAmAM Avyo che. A siddhAMtanuM jJAna ane Adi-aMta vagaranA kaMdhano bIjAM kAraNo para AdhAra rAkhavAno svabhAva e bauddha dharmamAM ati upayogI che. pratItyasamutpAdaM pazyaMti te dharmaM pazyaMtiH / yo dharmaM pazyati sa buddhaM pazyati / je pratItya samuFAda jANe che te dharmane jANe che, je dharmane jANe che te buddhane jANe che. dareka pheraphAranuM kAraNa hoya che, te kAraNanuM paNa kAraNa hoya che, ane te kAraNanuM paNa kAraNa hoya che. eka amukano putra che, te amuka bIjAnI saMtati che, te bIjA koI anyanI saMtati che ema A saMsAra Adi ane aMta rahita che. Izvara tyAre zuM Izvara nathI ? anAthapiMDika sAthenA vArtAlApamAM buddhe A saMbaMdhe carcA karI jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "jo Izvare A jagatune racyuM hoya to kadIpaNa pheraphAra ke nAza saMbhave nahi, temaja zoka ke Apatu jevI vastu paNa na hoya kAraNake sarva vastuo pavitra ke apavitra te IzvaramAMthI udbhavela che. jo zoka ke AnaMda, prema ke tiraskAra ke je jIvomAM jovAmAM Ave che te jo Izvare karelAM hoya to tenAmAM paNa zoka ane harSa, prema ane tiraskAra hovAM joIe, ane jo te tenAmAM hoya to tene saMpUrNa kema kahI zakAya ? jo Izvara jagakatAM hoya ane tethI sarva jIvoe potAnA kartA tarIke tenI zaktine vagara bole adhIna thavAnuM hoya to pachI sadgaNI jIvana gALavAnuM prayojana zuM che ? satkArya karavuM ke asatkArya e eka ja sarakhuM che. kAraNake sarva kAryo teNe banAvyAM che tethI tenA jevAM ja hoya. paraMtu jo zoka ane duHkha koI bIjA kAraNathI udbhavatAM gaNo to pachI te kAraNa evuM hovuM joIe ke jenA karanAra tarIke Izvara na hoya. tyAre zA mATe hAla je vidyamAna che. tene nihetuka na banAvI zakAya ? vaLI jo Izvara karyA hoya to te koI AzayathI ke Azaya vagara sRSTi banAvato

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto hovo joIe. jo kaMI Azaya rAkhI sRSTi race to te sarvasaMpUrNa hoI na zake kAraNake AzayamAM amuka jarUriyAta pUrI pADavAnuM hoya che. jo Azayarahita sRSTi racato hoya to te gAMDo yA bAlaka jevo hovo joIe. A uparAMta jo Izvara jagatkartA hoya to lokoe tene zA mATe mAna na ApavuM joIe, ane jyAre duHkhamAM AvI paDe tyAre tenI sahAyanI bhikSA na mAMgavI joIe ? ane zA mATe eka karatAM vadhAre devonuM pUjana karavuM joIe ? A rIte IzvaravAda buddhipUrvaka jotAM asatya che ane A virodhI vAda dUra karavo joIe.' (juo azvaghoSanuM buddhacaritra.) AtmavAda ghaNA mukhya dharmo jevA ke brAhmaNa, jaina, khristI ane islAma AtmAnA astitvamAM mAnyatA dharAve che. jyAre buddha ema kahe che ke AtmA nitya che e mAnyatA bhUlabharelI che. tevI mAnyatA 'satkAyadRSTi' AryaaSTAMgika mArgamAM praveza karavA sAthe dUra karavAnI che; kAraNake sarva jAtanA mithyA siddhAMto 'ahaMbhAvamAMthI ja udbhave che. bimbisAra rAjAne buddhe kahyuM hatuM ke "je potAnA AtmAno svabhAva jANe che ane potAnI iMdriyo zuM kArya kare che te samaje che te 'huM'nI vidyamAnatA svIkArato nathI. jagat 'huM'no bhAva svIkAre che ane tethI ja mithyAjJAnamAM sapaDAyeluM che. keTalAka kahe che (zAzvatavAdI) ke AtmA maraNa pachI paNa rahe che eTale nitya che, jyAre bIjA (ucchedavAdI) kahe che maraNa thaye nAza pAme che. A baMne jabarA bhulAvAmAM paDelA che. kAraNa ke jo 'huM' ucchedazIla hoya to je pariNAma mATe loko prayatna kare che te paNa nAza pAmaze ane pachI nirvANa ke muktinuM mUlya nahi rahe. jema bIjAo kahe che tema jo 'huM' nAza na pAmatuM hoya to te sarvadA eka sarakhuM ane apazrvirtanazIla hovuM joIe; ane tema hoya to naitika uddezo ane mokSa anAvazyaka thaze kAraNake je nitya ane parivartanazIla hoya tene badalavAthI kaMI lAbha nathI. paraMtu sarvatra AnaMda ane zokanAM cihno astitva dharAve che tethI akhaMDa sthAyI evo AtmA che evuM ApaNe kema kahI zakIe ?" 338 - jevI rIte ghara e tenA judAjudA bhAgono samUha che tevI rIte je kArya karato deha jovAmAM Ave che te paNa iMdriyo, vicAro ane icchAno samUha che. buddhaghoSe potAnA 'visuddhimagga' nAmanA graMthamAM lakheluM che ke je rIte ratha e dharI, cakra, ArA ane tenA bIjA bhAgone amuka rIte goThavelA samUha rUpe che, paNa jyAre tenAM te sarva aMgane eka pachI eka ApaNe tapAsIe chIe tyAre nizcayArthamAM te ratha nathI evuM mAlUma paDe che...tevI ja rIte barAbara je cetana 'huM' che te pAMca skaMdhono samUha che, paNa jyAre ApaNe te skaMdhane eka pachI eka tapAsIe chIe tyAre cetana evuM kaMI mAlUma paDatuM nathI ane 'huM chuM' 'huM karuM chuM' e vAkyo kahI zakAtAM nathI; bIjA zabdomAM pAramArthika dRSTie mAtra 'nAma' ane 'rUpa' che. gADI cAle che ke UbhI rahe che evuM kaMI paNa hotuM nathI chatAM loko bole che ke 'gADI cAle che' kAraNake jyAre hAMkanAra baLadane joDI gADIne hAMke tyAre ja gADI cAle. to cAlanAra baLada che chatAM

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tatvajJAna 339 'gADI cAle che' e AlaMkArika kathana che, tevI ja rIte deha te gADI che, vicAronI bhAvanA baLada che ane mana pote hAMkanAra che, jyAre cAlavAno vicAra utpanna thAya che tyAre jJAnataMtuonI lAgaNI utpanna thAya che ane pachI kAryamAM mukAya che. A rIte manuSya e paMcaskaMdhonuM banela yaMtra che. A pAMca skaMdhamAM jeje mAnasika kriyAo che te nAmaskaMdha che ane je sthUla - zArIrika kriyA che te rUpaskaMdha che. nAma skaMdhamAM rUpaskaMdha sivAyanAM cAre skaMdhono samAveza thAya che. have sacetana jIvanA jIvanano samaya yathArtha rIte atyaMta kSaNika che, eka vicAra jeTalo samaya rahe teTalo samaya te rahe che. jema rathanuM paiDuM phare che tyAre teno amuka nAnAmAM nAno bhAga prathama jamInane aDe che, pachI bIjo tevo bhAga ema thayA kare che, tevI ja rIte jIvanuM jIvana eka vicAranA vakhata sudhI sthAyI rahe che. vicAranI bhUta kSaNanuM jIvana vidyamAna hatuM, paNa have astitva dharAvatuM nathI, temaja dharAvaze paNa nahi. vicAranI bhaviSyanI kSaNanuM jIvana Avaze, paNa bhUtakALamAM te vidyamAna hatuM nahi, temaja vartamAnamAM paNa vidyamAna nathI. maraNa ane te pachInI sthiti sarvAga svarUpathI joIe to manuSya e skaMdhono samUha che. mAtra vicAramAM tene rUpa (zarIra) ane nAma (mana) ema be bhAgamAM vaheMcI zakIe. manuSya eTale rUpa ane nAmano saravALo; eTale rUpa ane nAmathI judI vastu manuSya nathI. AtmA dehathI bhinna nathI ane abhinna nathI. paNa te be siddhAMtanI vacceno siddhAMta AtmA saMbaMdhe jANavAno che. janma upara jarA ane maraNa AdhAra rAkhe che ane e janma, jarA ane maraNa jene che evo manuSya jyAM sudhI temAM skaMdhonuM mizraNa che tyAM sudhI jIvato che. skaMdho bhinnabhinna ekabIjAthI thayA ke jIvana gayuM ane maraNa AvyuM. jema agni be lAkaDAM ke jenAM mULa gupta rIte agni nathI te ghasavAthI - ghasAyAthI utpanna thAya che te ja rIte buddhanA kahevA pramANe amuka saMjogomAM "vijJAna' utpanna thAya che, ane jyAre te saMjogo dUra thayo ke te vijJAna nAza pAme che. manuSya mRtyu pAmyo ke pachI te svarUpe kadIpaNa dekhAva te ApavAno nathI. A rIte mRtyu te nAma ane rUpanuM bhinna thavuM che chatAM mRtyu thavAthI badhuM nAza pAmatuM nathI. buddha zAzvatavAdI nathI eTale te AtmAne zAzvata mAnatA nathI temaja cArvAka ane lokAyatanA siddhAMta pramANe pote ucchedavAdI paNa nathI. eka janmathI jaI bIjA janmamAM te ja AtmA avatare che e paNa buddha svIkAratA nathI, chatAM karma sthAyI rahe che 'ichatAM saMtatirUpe te sthAyI rahe che e to svIkAre che. skaMdhonA ekIkaraNano prAraMbha te janma che, teonuM chUTuM thavuM te maraNa che; paraMtu jyAM sudhI A kaMdhono saMyoga jArI rahe che tyAM sudhI huMpaNuM to dareka kSaNe kArya karatuM, duHkhathI dUra nAsatuM, AnaMdane zodhatuM ane bIjI vyaktio sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatuM prakaTapaNe che. A daSTibiMduthI dareka vyaktinuM jIvana te karmono mizrita samUha che, ane te kamo potAnAmAM rahe che eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu te vyaktinuM maraNa thaye temAMthI nIkaLI bIjI vyaktiomAM jAya che eTale pharI janma pAme che. jevI rIte eka mANase eka patra lakhyo eTale

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340 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto lakhavuM baMdha thayuM paNa te patra rahe che tevI ja rIte skaMdho chUTAM thayAM tyAre kAyo - karmo potAnuM phala bhaviSyamAM ApavA rahe che. AMbAnA bIjane vAvatAM te bhUmimAM saDe che, paNa teno AMbo Uge che ane temAM bIjI kerIo thAya che, temAM vAvelA bIjano AtmA punarjanma pAmyo nathI, paraMtu te bIjanA rUpanuM pharI baMdhAraNa thayuM che ane tenuM lakSaNa bIjI navI kerIomAM Ave che, tevI ja rIte manuSya punaravatAra le che paNa tenA AtmAno punarjanma nathI. eka mANasa maraNa pAme che, jayAre temAMthI je punarjanma pAme che te bIjo ja mANasa che. AmAM je punarjanma pAme che te milinda paha' graMtha kahe che ke "nAma ane rUpa skaMdha che, paNa te nAma ane rUpa skaMdha eka ja nahi. eka nAma ane rUpa karmo kare che ane A karmothI bIjAM ja nAma ane rUpa punarjanma pAme che. eka nAma ane rUpa mRtyu thayA pachI nAza pAme che, jyAre je nAmarUpa punarjanma le che te bIjAM ja nAma ane rUpa che, paraMtu te bIjAM nAma ane rUpa te pahelAM nAma ane rUpanAM pariNAmo - phala che ane tethI te bIja nAma ane rUpa tenAM azubha karmothI mukta thatAM nathI." buddhaghoSa paNa ' visuddhimagga'mAM tevuM ja jaNAve che ke "je skaMdho gata bhavamAM karmo para avalaMbIne asitatva dharAvatA hatA, te to mRtyu pAme che - nAza pAme che; paraMtu te ja bhavanAM karmone AdhAre bIjA skaMdho astitvamAM Ave che. pUrvabhavanuM ekapaNa mULatattva A bhavamAM AvatuM nathI. A bhavamAM je skaMdho kamanA AdhAre astitvamAM AvyA te nAza pAmaze ane tyAra pachInA bhAvamAM judA navA ja skaMdho ubhavaze, paNa gata bhavanuM eka paNa tattva bIjA bhavamAM prApta thaze nahi. jevI rIte gurunAM vAkyo ziSya uccAre che chatAM te ja vAkayo ziSya uccArato nathI, jevI rIte eka mANasa potAno cahero arIsAmAM jue che, chatAM teno potAno cahero te arIsAmAMno cahero nathI, chatAM paNa te caherA anusAra ja - tene avalaMbIne ja arIsAmAM cahero dekhAya che, jevI rIte eka dIvo bIjA saLagatA dIvAthI saLagAvyo hoya to te saLagatA dIvAno prakAza tenAthI - teno AdhAra rAkhIne saLagelA dIvAno prakAza nathI, tema ekanI vATa bIjAnI vATa thaI jatI nathI, tevI ja rIte gata bhavanI eka paNa vastu hAlanA bhAvamAM AvatI nathI tema hAlanA bhavanI bhaviSyanA bhavamAM jaze nahi ane te chatAM paNa gatabhavanA kaMdho para AdhAra rAkhIne A bhavanA kaMdho janmelA che, ane A bhavanA skaMdho para AdhAra rAkhIne bhaviSya bhavanA skaMdho janmaze." karmasiddhAMta bodhicaryAvatAramAM kahyuM che ke "3 rakheva tarApati jigyA yA paratvanA' eTale huM te ja ane eka ja AtmA chuM e mithyA kalpanA che - bhrama che. kharI rIte manuSya dareka kSaNe mRtyu pAme che, paraMtu jyAM sudhI skaMdho ke je "AtmA - vijJAnane utpanna kare che teno saMyoga eka zRMkhalAbaddha rahe che tyAM sudhI AtmAne eka ja tarIke jaNAvIe chIe; bAkI vAstavika rIte eka kSaNe eka jAtano AtmA che, bIjI kSaNe

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tattvajJAna bIjI jAtano AtmA che chatAM e baMne AtmAo cokkasa sAMkaLathI saMkaLAyelA che. Ama vicAranI akhaMDatAthI AtmAnI akhaMDatA pratibhAse che. A vicAranI akhaMDatAne 'cittasaMtAna' kahe che. karmano kartA eka che ane te karmano bhoktA judo che ane A karmanA kartA ane bhoktAnuM je bhinnatva tene sAMkaLI rAkhanAra te 'cittasaMtAna' che. anya eva mRtaH anya eva prajAyate maranAra paNa judo, ane pachI janmanAra te paNa judo; paNa tenI sAthe na ca sau, na ca banno te ja paNa nahi, tema taddana anya paNa nahi. A bauddha karmavAda che, ane A karmavAdane anusAre ja sarva vidyamAna vastuo kSaNika che ane nirAtman che ema bauddhanA siddhAMto samajavAnA che. : keTalAka bauddho karma mATe avanavuM spaSTIkaraNa kare che. teo AtmA pote ja bIjo janma le che evuM mAnatA nathI e kharuM, paNa teo eka jAtanuM vijJAna kalpe che ane tene 'pratisaMdhi vijJAna' kahe che, ane tene maraNa pAmatA manuSya ane te mRtyu pAme ke tarata ja - te ja kSaNe garbha lenAra bALaka e benI vacce sAMdhanArI sAMkaLa vilakSaNa rIte gaNe che. Avo siddhAMta svIkAranAra evuM kalpe che ke AkAzane je manuSya maraNa pAmato hoya tyAre jenA mRtyunuM AMdolana tene thAya che ane te ja kSaNe lagabhaga navuM janmeluM bALaka tenA mRtyu samakSa Ave che, tene mRtyunuM AMdolana lAge che ane te navIna jIvana le che; tenAmAM hRdaya, zvasanakriyA kAma karavA lAge che, ane bujhAI jato prakAza navA dIvAmAM pheravAI jAya tema teo jaNAve che. have jaNAvavAnuM ke A siddhAMta bauddha graMthomAM rahela siddhAMtane anukULa lAgato nathI ane te A rIte ke H jo te pratisaMdhi vijJAna kharekhanuM vijJAna hoya to te dharma, skaMdha hovo joIe ane te rIte eka sthalathI bIje sthale jaI zake nahi kAraNake 'na vicit paroThuM gati' e pAli graMthamAM jaNAvyuM che. tyAre eka jIvanamAMthI bIjA jIvanamAM zuM jAya che ? ema jaNAya che ke pratisaMdhi vijJAnano siddhAMta manuSyane smRti kema thAya che te samajAvavA mULa dAkhala karelo haze, ane pachI karmano punaravatAra samajAvA mATe eka bhavane bIjA bhavanI sAthe joDanAra sAMkaLa tarIke tene ghoMcI dIdho haze. dareka vijJAna pachInAM vijJAno para potAnI chApa vAsanA mUke che. joke vijJAno kSaNika che, chatAM arasaparasa saMyojita paraMparAmAM eTale pratItya samutpAdamAM teo udbhave che. jIvanuM hAlanuM vijJAna tenI turata ja pUrvanA vijJAna sAthe gADha rIte saMbaMdha dharAve che tethI ema dhAravAmAM AvyuM hovuM joIe ke eka vyaktinuM janma vakhatanuM vijJAna (aupapaezika vijJAna) te ja rIte bIjI vyaktinA maraNa samayanA (maraNAntika) vijJAna ke je maraNa thatAM nAza pAme che tenI sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatuM hatuM; paraMtu AvuM dhAravuM vAstavika nathI. buddhe kahela che ke "dharma e ja zaraNa che ane pudgala (AtmA) nathI; tattvArthaM zaraNa che, nahi ke zabdArtha; sUtrano saMpUrNa artha zaNa grAhya che, nahi ke tenI amuka zaratavALo artha; jJAna e grAhya che, nahi ke vijJAna." 341 - buddhakathita karmano siddhAMta vizAla che; te jIvone lAgu paDe che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa samasta saMsAramAM (prapaMcamAM) paNa lAgu paDe che. jarmana lovaicitrya ti siddhAt / mahAyAnanA siddhAMto samajAvatAM mi. kuroda karmasaMbaMdhe jaNAve che ke

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342 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto "jagatukartA nathI tema sajita padArtha nathI, tema manuSya vAstavika AtmAo nathI. teo amuka anukULa saMyogomAM karmo hoya che tethI janma pAme che, kAraNake manuSyo paMca skaMdhonA kSaNika samUha sivAya bIjuM kaMI nathI. te skaMdhonA saMyoganI zarUAta e manuSyano janma che; teonuM vikherAI javuM - chUTuM thavuM te tenuM maraNa che. jyAM sudhI skaMdhono saMyoga cAlu rahe che tyAM sudhI sArAM ane narasAM kAryo thAya che, bhaviSyanA sukha ane duHkhanAM bIja vavAya che ane A rIte janmamaraNanA herApherA anaMta cAlyA jAya che. badhA jIvonAM karmonI ekatratAthI judIjudI jAtanAM parvato, nadIo, dezo vagere ubhave che, ane teo badhAnAM karmonA saravALAthI thAya che tethI teone 'adhipatiphala' - ekatrita phala tarIke kahevAmAM Ave che. karmano A bauddha siddhAMta brAhmaNonA punarjanmathI taddana bhinna che. brAhmaNadharmamAM nitya AtmA mAnela che, jyAre bauddho karmonI paraMparA mAtra mAne che. brAhmaNadharma pramANe manuSyano AtmA che gati (SaDragati)mAM eka pachI eka jevI rIte eka gharathI bIje ghara jaIe te rIte manuSyamAMthI anya prANImAM, tyAMthI narakamAM ke svargamAM ema jAya che. AvuM eka athavA bIjA evA daza loka' nAme svarga, naraka, deva, rAkSasa, manuSya, prANI, zrAvaka, pratyekabuddha, bodhisattva, buddha (bauddha dharmamAM jaNAvela)mAM paraMparAe javAya che. bauddha zAstramAM evA ullekha che, paraMtu A uparathI ema artha nathI ke kaMIpaNa A lokamAMthI bIjA lokamAM jAya che. kAraNake te ghaDamanuM toLAtu paratno chata' evuM eka bauddha sUtra kahe che. bauddhanI mAnyatA pramANe punarjanma e mAtra kAryakAraNano AvibhaoNva che. kArya ane kAraNathI mAnasika dazya (nAma) zArIrika rUpo (rUpa) sAthenuM udbhave che ane tethI eka pachI eka bhava uttarottara thayA kare che, ane uttarottara bhava kevA thaze te mAnasika dazyanA sat ane asat-paNA para AdhAra rAkhe che. buddhe je ' daloka' e zabdano upayoga karyo che te mAtra sAmAnya manuSyane (pRthajanane) karmano punarjanmano siddhAMta dAMtathI samajAvavA mATe che jayAre 'dazaloka vAstavika rIte jIvanI daza mAnasika avasthAo che. ' bauddhadharma niyativAdI che ? bauddhadharma bhAgya para avalaMbana rAkhavAnuM kaheto nathI. bhAgyavAda dareka vastu - manuSyanI icchA paNa agAuthI nirmIta thaI hoya che evuM jaNAve che. AthI ema thAya che ke evI koI bAhya sattA che ke je manuSyanI icchAnI niyAmaka che ane tethI manuSyanuM vartana jJAna ApavAthI sudharI zakatuM nathI. bIjI bAjue bauddha dharma ema upadeze ke manuSya pote kAraNonuM kArya che, tethI tenI IcchAzakti te kAraNo thayA pahelAM astitvamAM rahI zake nahi. vaLI karmane adhIna thavuM te aMdhatAthI nahi paraMtu vivekapura:sara thavAnuM che. karma e mananI racanA che, ane mane kamane (manovAkaya karmane) potAne mRtyupasthAna - bhAvanAnuM sthAna banAve che. A anusAra manuSyanI icchAo kAraNothI niyaMtrita che chatAM manuSya potAnAM karmo mATe pote javAbadAra che. sarva azubha karmonA tyAgathI ane 'pAramitA'nA AcaraNathI manuSya nirvANa meLavI zake che.

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bauddha dharmanA rahasyarUpa mukhya siddhAMto bauddha dharmanA rahasyarUpa mukhya siddhAMto sarvamanityaM sarvamanAtmaM nirvANaM zAntam || bauddha dharmanA traNa mukhya siddhAMto "sarva anitya che, AtmA nathI, ane nirvANa ja zAMtimaya che." A traNa siddhAMta upara AkhA bauddha dharmanI imArata caNAyelI che. pachI te tenI koI paNa zAkhA hoya to paNa A siddhAMtane eka yA bIjI rIte svIkAre che. mahAyAna zAkhA hInayAna zAkhAthI viruddha paDI eka vadhu siddhAMta pratipAdita kare che : sarvam tathAtva 'jema che tema sarva che.' paraMtu A siddhAMta navo nathI kAraNake te uparanAmAMnA trIjA siddhAMtamAMthI - nirvANa zAMtimaya che' emAMthI phalita thato siddhAMta che. 343 bauddhanAM pavitra sUtro dharmano cotho siddhAMta 'sarva duHkha che' ema jaNAve che. A paNa navo nathI kAraNake te uparanA pahelA nAme sarva anitya che' e siddhAMtamAMthI phalita thAya che kAraNake buddho kahe che ke 'sarva anitya che, ane je anitya che te sarva duHkhamaya che eTale je sarva che te duHkhathI pUrNa che.' - A rIte A traNa siddhAMtathI buddha dharma bIjA dharmomAMthI eka viziSTa dharma tarIke oLakhI zakAya che. have te traNe siddhAMta eka pachI eka joIe. 1. 'sarva anitya che' sarvamanityam. A siddhAMta hiraeNkTiTasanA siddhAMta(nAme All is in a state of flux - sarva pravAhanI dazAmAM pheraphAra pAmatI dazAmAM che)ne maLato Ave che. ane Ane hAlanuM vijJAna (Science) paNa Teko Ape che. A siddhAMtane bauddha zAstrono mahAn abhyAsI nAme praoNphesara hAi DeviDsa A pramANe suMdara rIte mUke che : "bauddha pramANe sattA jevuM kAMI nathI; dareka vastu asthAyI, kSaNika, avazya nAza pAmavAnI che. vastuomAM paNa rUpa ane jaDa guNo che ane jIvatI vyaktiomAM paNa mAnasika guNonI sadAkALa UMce caDatI paraMparA che ke je paraMparAno samUha ja te vyakti che. manuSya, jaDa vastu ke deva e dareka tenA aMgabhUta mULatattvonuM mizraNa che. vaLI dareka vyaktimAM tenA aMgabhUta bhAgono saMbaMdha niraMtara nitya badalAto jAya che ane te saMbaMdha be sAthenI kSaNomAM eka hoto nathI. mizraNa thavuM samUha thavo eno artha e che ke thavuM - pRthak thavuM ane te pRthak thavuM e nAza vagara banI zake nahi ke je nAza koI paNa kAle avazya pUrNa thavo ja joIe." sarva vastuo anitya che tenuM zu kAraNa ? tenA javAbamAM pheraphAra thavo e abAdhita niyamane sarvavastu adhIna che tenuM kAraNa te niyamane kArya-kAraNanA niyama sAthe avinAbhAvI saMbaMdha che, kAraNake A dazya-jagamAM koIpaNa cIja evI nathI ke jenuM astitva koIpaNa kAraNathI udbhavatuM na hoya. A anityavAdane traNa prakAre vaheMcI zakAya che H (ka) jIvana-kAla (AyuSya)nI anityatA.

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u44 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto (kha) kSaNika anityatA. (ga) aupAdhika (Conditional) vastuonA AtmasvabhAvanI anityatA - zUnyatA. (ka) jIvana-kAlanI anityatA - eTale zuM ? jaDavastuno avinAza (Indestructibility of matter and Conservation of energy) 241 Q vaijJAnika siddhAMto nirvivAda rIte siddha thayela che. A baMne niyamo AMtara jagatamAM kArya kare che, ane dharmonI AMtara (Neumenal) adazya sthitinI nityatA vartamAna, bhUta ane bhaviSya e traNe kAlamAM rahe che ema sarvAstitvavAdI mAne che. paNa dazya jagatamAM je sarva dekhAya che te sarva anitya che. dhammapadamAM kahela che ke : "je nitya dekhAya che te nAza pAmaze, je ucca che. teno adha:pAta thaze, jyAM samAgama che tyAM viyoga che, jyAM janma che, tyAM maraNa AvavAnuM che" - maraNAMta hi jIvitam - maraNa e jIvanano aMta che. vijJAnavAda (Idealistic school)nA sthApaka asaMganuM tenA 'madhyAntAgama zAstramAM e ja vaktavya che. ke : "sarva vastuo kAraNo ane kAryothI banela che ane teone svataMtra AMtarasthiti nathI. jyAre samUha chUTo thAya che, tyAre nAza thAya che. jIvatA prANInuM zarIra pRthvI, jala, agni ne vAyu e cAra mahAbhUtonA samUhanuM baneluM che. ane jyAre A samUha tenA te cAra bhUtamAM vibhakta thAya che, tyAre nAza udbhave che. A samUhAtmaka vyaktinI anityatA kahevAya che." ghaNA lAMbA samaya sudhI ema manAtuM ke Arya asaMga ja vijJAnavAdanA saMsthApaka hatA. paNa vadhu saMzodhana thatAM ema jaNAvyuM ke bauddhonI paraMparA che ke tuSita svargamAM bhaviSya buddha maitreyanI kRpAthI asaMgane aneka graMtho sUjhI AvyA temAM aitihAsika tathyanAM bIja che. maitreya ke maitreyanAtha e aitihAsika vyakti hatA jemaNe yogAcAranI sthApanA karI ane asaMgane A matanI dIkSA ApI. maitreye aneka graMtho saMskRtamAM racyA paNa be graMtho sivAya bIjA graMthono paricaya tibbatI ke cInI anuvAdo dvArA ja maLe che. temanA graMtho A che : (1) "mahAyAna strAlaMkAra' (nAma. pariccheda), (2) "dharmAdharmatA tribhaMga' ane (3) "mahAyAna uttarataMtra' (je bannenI tibbatI anuvAda ja prApta che), (4) madhyAntavibhaMga' ke 'madhyAnta vibhAga' (kArikAo jenI vistRta vyAkhyA AcArya vasubaMdhue karI ane A bhASyanI TIkA vasubaMdhunA ziSya AcArya sthiramatie lakhI), (5) "abhisAlaMkAra' (jemAM prajJApAramitAnuM pratipAdana ATha paricchedamAM che ane tenA para saMskRta tathA tibbatI 21 TIkAo upalabdha che.) asaMganA graMtho : (1) "mahAyAna saMparigraha' (mAtra traNa cInI anuvAda upalabdha che.) (2) "prakaraNa AryavAcA', (3) "yogAcAra bhUmizAstra' (tenA paricchedonuM nAma 'bhUmi che. AvI 17 bhUmi che, jevI ke vijJAnabhUmi vagere), (4) 'mahAyAna sUtrAlaMkAra' (A graMtha vidvAnomAM vizeSa prasiddha che. temAM 21 adhikAra - pariccheda che. kArikA maitreyanAthanI che, paNa vyAkhyA asaMganI che.) asaMgano 'madhyAnnAnuM gamazAstra' nAmano graMtha jANyAmAM nathI. |

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bauddha dharmanA rahasyarUpa mukhya siddhAMto 345 zirIranI kSaNikatA ghaNA dArzanikone mAnya che. tenA skaMdharUpa ghaTakonuM vighaTana thAya tyAre nAza e bauddho savIkAre che. jeo bhUtonuM baneluM zarIra mAne che teo bhUtonA vighaTanathI zarIrano nAza mAne che.] (kha) kSaNika anityatA - jIvananI kSaNikatAnuM kArya kSaNonI aniyatA che. eka nizcita karelA kAlamAM jIvanamAM je mahAna pheraphAra thAya che te dareka kSaNamAM nIpajatA sUkSma pheraphAronA samUha sivAya bIjuM kaMI nathI. dareka manuSya, dareka cIja hamezAM badalAtI jAya che ane te eka kSaNathI bIjI kSaNamAM eTale be pAsapAsenI kSaNomAM samAna hotI nathI. hInayAnanA "abhidharma - mahAvibhASA zAstramAM kahela che ke '24 kalAkanA eka dahADAmAM 64000 99980 kSaNo thAya che ane vyaktinA samUho eTale 5 skaMdho dareka kSaNamAM vAraMvAra ubhavI nAza pAmatA jAya che.' laMkAnA bauddha mata sthApaka buddhaghoSa (pamI sadImAM thayela) potAnA 'vizuddhimagnamAM lakhe che ke "jIvatA prANInuM jIvana atyaMta TUMkuM che, jevI rIte rathanuM paiDuM tenA eka biMdumAtramAM gatimAna thAya che, ane tenA eka biMdumAtramAM ja gati na karatAM sthita rahe che, tevI rIte jIvana eka vicAranA kALa sudhI rahe che ane jevo te vicAra nAza pAmyo ke te jIvana nAza pAmyuM kahevAya che. AvI rIte bhUta kSaNanuM jIvana jIvyuM che, jIvatuM nathI, temaja jIvaze paNa nahi. vartamAnakSaNanuM jIvana jIve che paNa jIvyuM nathI ane jIvaze paNa nahi." vastuo badalAya che to te badalAvanArI zakti kaI ? - calAvyA vagara jema gADI nA cAle tema koI badalAvanArI zakti na hoya to vastu badale nahi. AnA javAbamAM buddhe kahyuM hatuM ke dareka samUhAtmaka vastumAM cAra lakSaNa nAme - utpAda, sthiti, jarA, ane nirodha (nAga) che. ane A cAra lakSaNone laIne sarva vastuo pheraphAra pAme che. A cAra lakSaNo ekIsAthe vastumAM rahe che ke anukrame tenA saMbaMdhamAM buddhanA nirvANa pachI thoDA saikAo gayA pachI carcA cAlI hatI. eka zAkhA nAme sarvAstivAdIo ema kahe che ke A lakSaNo eka ja kSaNamAM ekI sAthe hoya che, jyAre sautrAMtiko jIvanakAlanI maryAdAmAM anukrame te eka pachI eka patharAI jAya che ema kahe che. | sarvAstivAda - vartamAna dharmonI jema atIta ane anAgata dharmo paNa astitva dharAve che. sarvAstivAdI mAne che ke dharmamAM dharmasvabhAva ane dharmalakSaNa be pAsAM che. dharmasvabhAva sarvadA traNeya kALamAM astitva dharAve che. dharmalakSaNa ja kSaNa che. te dharmano kriyAkArI bAhya dazyamAna rUpamAM prAdurbhAva che. utpAdasthiti-nAza (pariNAmavAda). sautrAntika - koI sthAyI aMza mAnatA nathI. dharma sarvathA kSaNika che. utpAdanAza (kSaNikavAda).] (ga) zUnyatAvAda - uparanA kSaNika anityatAvAda parathI zUnyatAvAda phalita thAya che. dareka prANI game te vakhate paNa maraNa pAmavAno che e samajavuM saheluM che, paraMtu jemajema ahorAtra pasAra thAya che tema tema te maraNanI samIpa ne samIpa Avato jAya che arthAt jema kSaNo pasAra thAya che tema te badalAto ja jAya che enI pratIti

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346 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto thavI teTalI sahelI nathI. dareka manuSya ke cIja anitya che. tenI sAthe teno svabhAva - tenI sthiti paNa anitya che. Ane 'zUnyatA' kahe che. zUnyatAnA ghaNA judAjudA artha thAya che tethI ghaNA yuropIya ke eziyAnA paMDito teno artha karatAM bhUla khAI gayA che. keTalAka ema kalpanA kare che ke zUnyatA eTale kaMI nahi athavA AtyaMtika nAza, ane tethI zUnyatAvAdIne nAza - saMhAravAdI (mihilisto) khoTI rIte kahevAmAM AvyA che, paraMtu bauddhano zUnyatAvAda judA prakArano che. teno artha e che ke A dazyajagatamAM dareka pagale je sthAyI pheraphAra thayA kare che te. nAgArjuna potAnA mAdhyamika zAstramAM kahe che ke H zUnyatAne laIne dareka cIja zakya che, tenA vagara sarva koInI yojanA nathI. prophesara DI. sujhukI zUnyatA saMbaMdhe yathArtha ane suMdara rIte kahe che ke : "zUnyatAno artha e ja che ke sarva dekhAtI vastuonuM kSaNikapaNuM. tenA 'anitya' athavA 'pratItya' e zabdo samAnArthaka - paryAyo che. tethI bauddhanA mata pramANe 'zUnya thavuM' teno artha niSedhaka zailIthI e thAya che ke viziSTatAno abhAva, je sthitimAM vastuo che te sthitimAM te vastuo rahevAno abhAva; ane pratipAdaka zailIthI e artha thAya che ke dekhAtA jagatanI sadAkALa badalAtI sthiti, niraMtara pravAha mAphaka badalAvuM, ane kAryakAraNanI nitya paraMparA. Ano artha nAza athavA AtyaMtikapaNe kaMI nahi evo kadI paNa karavAno nathI; kAraNake tevA AtyaMtika nAzane bauddho bIjAnI peThe mAnatA nathI. A badhuM dazya jagatane saMbaMdha che. vAstavika - adazya jagata mATe nirvANa. mATe) nathI. upara jaNAvyuM tema je khulAsA ApyA che te pradhAnaNe niSedhaka zailIe ApyA che, pratipAdaka zailIe nathI ApyA. to zA mATe buddhe tema karyuM haze ? - tenA javAbamAM e che ke buddhano Azaya juduM tattvajJAna sthApavAno na hato, paraMtu potAne je prakAza thayo - bodhijJAna thayuM ane nirvANamArga mAlama paDyo te sarva prANIone darzAvavAno hato. te sarva para dazya jagata eka bhayaMkara svapnajaLa samAna thayuM hatuM, tethI dazya jagatanI niSedhAtmaka samajaNa ApavAmAM dazya rUpa samudranAM tophAna ane mojAMothI vAstavika sthAna - nirvANa nA kinArA tarapha zAMti sthaLe laI javAno buddhano Azaya hovo saMbhave che. niSedhaka zailImAMthI pratipAdaka vastu maLe che. te zuM nathI ?' e parathI "te zuM che ?" e maLI Ave che. A rIte anityatAnA siddhAMta parathI nityatAno nirvANano) siddhAMta kADhI zakAya, kAraNake nirvANano pratipakSa ke je dazya jagata che tene amAnya karavAmAM Ave che. bauddha dharmanA traNa uparokta siddhAMto dazya - mithyA ane amithyA ema baMne jagane anukrame lAgu pADIe to ApaNane jaNAze ke (1) "sarva anitya che' e siddhAMta mithyA jagane lAgu paDe che. (2) "sarva anAtma che' e siddhAMta baMne - mithyA ane amithyA jagatune lAgu paDe che ane (3) 'nirvANa ja zAMtimaya' che e siddhAMta phakta amithyA - satya jagane lAgu paDe che. 1. sarvaM ca yujyate tasya zUnyatA yasya yujyate / sarvaM na yujyate tasya zUnyaM yasya na yujyate / /

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bauddha dharmanA rahasyarUpa mukhya siddhAMto u47 2. je sarva che te AtmArahita che - sarva unAtman. anAtmavAda - Ano kharo artha karavAmAM ghaNA yuropIya vidvAno bhUla khAI gayA che. AthI koI bauddha dharmane duHkhavAda - nirAzAvAdanA AtmArahita svarUpavALo dharma (soulless form of pessimism) kahe che, jyAre keTalAka jaDavAdIo potAnA vAda jevo bauddha dharmane gaNAve che, ke jemAM AtmA ane paramAtmAno svIkAra karavAmAM Avato nathI. bauddha dharmagraMtho tenA mULa svarUpamAM joIe tevA maLI zakyA nathI. tenuM kAraNa bauddha upara julama gujAranArAe teonA graMthono paNa nAza karyo che. AnA udAharaNa tarIke karNasuvarNanA sasaMka nAme rAjAe evI rAjyAjJA karI hatI ke hiMdamAMthI bauddhono taddana nAza karavo, nahi to temane maraNanI sajA karavAmAM Avaze ane vadha karavA rAkhelA mANaso paNa A rAjyajJAnuM ullaMghana kare to temane paNa dehAMtanI sajA karavAmAM Avaze.' anAtmanA be prakAra - AthI zaMkarAcArya jevA samartha vidvAnne bauddhanA nairAgyadvayaM saMbaMdhe pUratuM jJAna na hoya to te saMtavya che. kharI rIte bauddha anAtmannA be prakAra kahe che. (1) cetanamaya AtmAno niSedha ane (2) vastunA AtmAno -- dharmonA AtmAno athavA to mithyA jaganA AtmAno niSedha. jyAre bauddhamAM AtmAno niSedha karavAmAM Ave che tyAre sAmAnya rIte AtmAno e artha karavAmAM Ave che ke te nitya tattva che, tene pheraphAranI paraMparAmAM AvavuM paDatuM nathI ane bIjAnI sAthe mizra thato nathI. Aja vAta dharmapAlAcArye vijJAnamAtrAzAstra paranI potAnI TIkAmAM kahI che. dhirmapAlAcArye vasubaMdhunA uttama graMtha "vijJapti mAtratAsiddhi" para vyAkhyA lakhI hatI teno ullekha ahIM che. ane AtmA saMbaMdhe traNa mata jaNAve che. te A rIte ? AtmA saMbaMdhe traNa vAda - evuM kahevAmAM Ave che ke AtmA eTale parama sattAvALI vastu, te svataMtra che, nitya che ane kevala abhinna che. judA judA tIrthakaro (darzanakAro)nA AtmA saMbaMdhenA vAda paratve traNa vibhAga pADI zakAya. (1) eka AtmAne paMca skaMdhano banela samUhAtmaka mAne che. (2) bIjo AtmAne paMca skaMdhathI bhinna kevala astitvamaya mAne che, ane (3) trIjo AtmA paMca skaMdhathI abhinna nathI, temaja bhinna nathI ema mAne che. hAlanI bhASAmAM A traNa vAdane mUkIe to (1) prathama Personal ego mAne che eTale mana ane zarIrathI banelo AtmA mAne che. (2) bIjo naiyAyiko jevo AtmAno vAda e rIte mAne che ke te mana ane zarIrathI tattvataH svataMtra ne manuSyane parama ane sadAkAla aMkuzamAM rAkhanAra che. 1. A setoH A tuSArAdreH bauddhAnAM vRddhavAlakAn / yo na hanti sa hantavyo bhRtyAnitya ziSan nRpaH / / 2. A dakSiNa hiMdamAM Avela kAMcipurano vatanI hato. zIlabhadrano guru ane nAlaMdanI vidyApIThamAM zikSAguru hato ke je vakhate prakhyAta yuena svAMga teno ziSya thayo hato.

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348 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto (3) trIjo hInayAna zAkhA ke jenuM bIjuM nAma vansiputrI che teno prasiddha mata che ke je kathAvatthamAM sArI rIte prathama carcela che. amuka kAraNe sthApela koI viziSTa AtmavAda : have kharI rIte bauddha dharma A traNemAMthI ekane paNa svIkArato nathI. Ama buddha anAtmanuM pratipAdana karyuM hovA chatAM temaNe ke temanA ziSyoe AtmAnuM koIpaNa prakAre viziSTa evuM astitva svIkAryuM che. AnA saMbaMdhamAM nAgArjune prajJApAramitA sUtraparanI potAnI TIkAmAM spaSTapaNe kahela che ke : "tathAgate (buddha) keTalIka vakhata evuM upadeDyuM che ke AtmA che, ane keTalIka vakhata evuM upadezya che ke AtmA nathI. jyAre "AtmA che ane tenA karmanA badalAmAM judAjudA eka pachI eka AvatA bhavomAM duHkha ke sukha meLave che evuM temaNe upadechyuM, tyAre teno uddeza manuSyone ucchedavAda (Nihilism)nA nAstikavAdamAMthI bacAvavAno hato; jyAre temaNe AtmAno rUDhigata artha (nAme te pAMca skaMdhano samUha che e) bAju para mUkI evo upadeza karyo ke AtmA kartA ke draSTA ke kevala svataMtra kartA tarIke hovAnA arthamAM 'AtmA nathI tyAre teno Azaya manuSyone zAzvatavAda (eternalism)nA viruddha nAstikavAdamAMthI bacAvavAno hato. have A be mAnyatAmAMthI kaI kharI che ? nirvivAda rIte AtmAno niSedha batAvanAra siddhAMta kharo che. A siddhAMta (anAtmavAda) samajavAmAM ghaNo durghaTa hovAthI buddhe jenI mati maMda che ane jenAmAM sadAcAranuM bIja UgI nIkaLyuM nathI tene saMbhaLAvavA IcchavuM nathI. AnuM kAraNa e ke AvAM manuSyo anAtmavAda sAMbhaLI ucchedavAdamAM cokkasa paDI jAya. Ama be judAMjudAM kAraNane (Azayane) laIne A be siddhAMto buddha upadezyA che. temaNe AtmAnuM astitva jyAre AtmAno rUDhigata (laukika) siddhAMta potAnA zrotAne saMbhaLAvavA icchatA hatA tyAre upadezya, ane jyAre te AtmAno lokottara siddhAMta lokane saMbhaLAvavA icchatA hatA tyAre temaNe anAtmavAda upadezyo che. pratyekavAda athavA pRthakvAdano bauddhamAM niSedha hInAtmA' - athavA pRthakyaktigata AtmA zarIrathI bhinna hoI zarIranA vyApAro upara sattA meLave che. kartA che, bhoktA che e siddhAMta jaina darzanamAM mAnya che, jyAre bauddha dharma asaMmata che. te siddhAMtane bauddha mata mAyAjala samAna mAne che; ane jagatkartA tarIke koIpaNa AtmAne mAnavAnA matane bauddha loke pragati ane prajJA (prakAza) meLavavAthI dUra rAkhanAra tarIke e bhUtakALanA vahemomAMthI utpanna thayelA siddhAMta tarIke gaNyo che. A baMne mAnyatAvALAne bauddha mata mithyAdaSTi' kahe che ane te mithyAdaSTino nAza karavA mATe bauddha dharma 'sarva anitya' - sarva anitya che e siddhAMta racyo che. piMca skaMdhathI pRthaka AtmAno niSedha, cita-acit jagatathI pRthaka jagatkartA Izvarano niSedha.] koI jagakartA che eno asvIkAra vizvathI bhinna koI vizvanA ghaDanAra tarIke astitva dharAve che e bauddha darzana mAnavAnI cokhkhI nA pADe che. te kahe che ke eka kAraNamAMthI kaMIpaNa udbhavI zake nahi, paNa dareka vastu pratyayasamavAya (kAraNonI paraMparA)mAMthI utpanna thAya che. Izvara

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bauddha dharmanA rahasyarUpa mukhya siddhAMto saMbaMdhIno sIdho ullekha phakta aMguttara nikAya nAmanA sUtramAM maLe che. temAM jaNAve che ke A bhavamAM manuSyanA sukhaduHkhano AdhAra 'yadacchA', ke 'niyati', ke 'Izvara' para AdhAra rAkhe che e saghaLI vAtono buddha tiraskAra kare che ane kahe che ke te saghaLA vAdo 'akriyAvAda' pratye laI jAya che. A pramANe buddha zAzvata vyaktigata AtmAno niSedha kare che. buddhanI mAnyatA pramANe nirvANa ane saMsAra eka ja che. 'yaH saMsAraH trim ane deha ane AtmA eka che e siddhAMta sarva bauddha dharmanI zAkhAone eka sarakho mAnya che. nAgArjuna paNa nirvANa ane saMsAranI eka samAnatA mAne che. juo mAdhyamika kArikAmAM nIcenI paMktio : na saMsArasya nirvANAt kiMcidasti vizeSaNam / na nirvANasya saMsArAt kiMcidasti vizeSaNam || nirvANasya ca yA koTi koTiH saMsaraNasya ca / na tayorantaraM kiMcit susUkSmamapi vidyate || arthAt - saMsAra ane nirvANa ekabIjAthI koIpaNa rIte alaga pADavAnA nathI. teonI koTI - kSetra ekasarakhuM che ane sUkSmamAM sUkSma bheda baMne vacce vartato nathI. [rAgAdi klezavAsita citta ja saMsAra che; rAgAdi klezarahita citta ja nirvANa che - A arthamAM ja abheda. zUnyavAdIne mate saMsAra ane nirvANa banne mithyA che e arthamAM abheda. te samakakSa che.] mahAtmavAda A rIte jagatkatAM ane AtmAnA astitvanA vAdano niSedha kare che tyAre bIjI bAju bauddha mata adRzya AtmAnI nityatA svIkAre che, eTaluM ja nahi paraMtu potAnA anuyAyIne khAsa karI AjJA kare che ke teoe evI rIte keLavAvuM joIe ke jethI vizvano mahAn AtmA ke jene 'mahAtman' kahevAmAM Ave che tenI sAthe saMgamanI prApti thAya. asaMganA mahAyAna - sUtrAlaMkAra zAstramAM buddhatvanA icchukane vizvane mAtra saMskAronA samUha tarIke, AtmAthI rahita ane duHkhamaya gaNavAne tathA vyaktigata AtmavAdane tajIne parama mahodaya mahAtmanA siddhAMtanuM zaraNa levAne khAsa bhalAmaNa karI che. teno zloka A pramANe che : saMskAramAtraM jagadetya buddhayA, nirAtmakaM duHkhaviruDhimAtram / vihAya cAnarthamayAtmadRSTi mahAtmadRSTiM zrayate mahArthAm || 349 1. 'ahaMkAra'nuM bIjuM nAma 'abhimAna' ApavAmAM Ave che. 'abhimAna'no sAmAnya artha garva che, ane teno pAribhASika artha 'huMpaNAno - vyaktitvano garva - 'ahaMtva' - 'ahaMkAra' 'huM karuM chuM, bhogavuM chuM, vicAruM chuM, chuM' vagereno bhAga ema Apela che. A vAta vAcaspatie A pramANe kahI che : 'yat khalvAlocitaM mataM ca tatrAhamadhikRtaH zaktaH khalvahamatra madarthA evAmI viSayAH matro nAnyotrAdhikRtaH kazcidastyahamasmiyo'bhimAnaH so'sAdhAraNa vyavahAratvAdahaMkAraH' (pR. 350 upara cAlu)

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto ahIM enthamaya AtmadRSTine vyaktigata AtmAnA (hInAtmAnA) vAdane gaNela che. te 'hInAtmA' ghaNA aMze sAMkhya darzananA 'ahaMkAra ne maLato Ave che. A mahAtmanUnuM pada 'anuttarArthathI - uccamAM ucca AzayathI meLavAya che. vaLI A mahAtmapada eTale ja buddhatva; mahAtman eTale paramAtman. juo. zUnyatAyAM vizuddhAyAM nairAtmyAnmArgalAbhataH / buddhA zuddhAtmalAbhitvAt gatA AtmamahAtmatAm / mahAyAna sUtrAlaMkAra zAstra 350 mahAtmA == paramAtmA ane tathAgatagarbha mahAparinirvANa sUtramAM kahela che ke mahAtmA eTale 'tathAgatagarbha ' teno artha evo thAya che ke sarvaprANIo tathAgatanA tAttvika svarUpavALAM che, ane jyAM sudhI teo 'kalezo'thI Arita thayelAM che tyAM sudhI teo potAnA te svarUpane jANatAM nathI. A avinAzI tathAgatagarbha anuttarasamyasaMbodhithI prApta thAya che.' tathAgatagarbhano akSarazaH artha karIe to tathAgatano buddhano garbha te tathAgatagarbha. je svarUpa garbhita che te buddhanuM potAnuM saMpUrNa svarUpa che; ane te 'avidhA''thI - 'klezothI garbhita pracchanna rahela che; jevI rIte suvarNAdi dhAtuo mATIthI DhaMkAyela hoI mULa svarUpe prakAzI nathI zakatI tevI rIte AtmAnuM samajavuM. tathAgatagarbha e 'vizvagarbha'nuM bIjuM nAma che ema bIjI rIte kahIe to khoTuM nathI, ke je vizvagarbhamAMthI asaMkhya mAnasika ane jaDa vastuonA samUho nIkaLe che. [laMkAvatArano havAlo ApI vidvAno jaNAve che ke anAdi prapaMcanI vAsanAthI vAsita citta ja AlavijJAna temaja tathAgatagarbha kahevAya che. emAM samasta kuzala ane akuzala hetu vidyamAna rahe che. te ja nitya ane niraMtara vidyamAna rahIne badhAM janmo ane gationo karyAM che. ene barobara na samajavAthI AtmavAdanI bhrAnti thAya che. AlavijJAna athavA tathAgatagarbhanI ja vizuddhithI yA parAvRttithI paramArthanI prApti thAya che. AlavijJAnane mahAtmA gaNyo lAge che. keTalAka vidvAnoe AlayavijJAnane samaSTicaitanyanuM paNa pratIka gaNyuM che.] - huM je je jovAmAM Ave che ane jANavAmAM Ave che te sarva para adhikAra karuM chuM sattA calAvuM chuM ane iMdriyanA badhA viSayo mArA adhikAramAM che. mArA sivAya bIjA koIno adhikAra nathI. huM chuM. A abhimAna tenA asAdhAraNa arthamAM 'ahaMkAra' e tarIke vyavahAravAmAM Ave che. 1. AnA jevuM svarUpa jainadarzanamAM che. temAM 'jJAnAvaraNIyAda ATha mukhya karmarUpI malathI mATIthI jema suvarNa tema AtmAnuM paramAtmA jevuM svarUpa Avirata - AvarAyeluM - DhaMkAyeluM che, te pracchanna che ane jyAre te karma dUra thAya che tyAre te mUlasvarUpa vyakta thAya che ane paramAtmA - siddha thAya che (mukti meLave che.). 2. mama yonirmahad brahma tasmin garbhaM dadhAmyaham / saMbhavaH sarvabhUtAnAM tato bhavati bhArata ! || sarvayoniSu kaunteya ! mUrtayaH saMbhavanti yAH / tAsAM brahma mahadyonirahaM bIjapradaH pitA / / zrImad bhagavadgItA 14. 24

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bauddha dharmanA rahasyarUpa mukhya siddhAMto 351 || - ] ! enI kalpanA balkanI nAnI nathI kAraNa ke te bhagavadgItAno 4 - arjuna ne upadeza kare che temAM paNa te kalpanA Ave che . eka daSTie tathAgatagarbha vedAMtIonA parama mAnI sAthe samAnatA dharAve che. vedo paranAmAmAMthI sarva jagat utpanna thayeluM mAne che. A paramAtmA zabda bauddho jatA hatA. paraMtu bauddha ane vedAMtInA paramAtmA saMbaMdhanA vicAro bhinna che. laMka devatAra sUtramAM nIceno buddha ane tenA eka bodhisattva nAme mahAmati sAtheno ra. vAda che te parathI jaNAze ke buka te vAta para bahu bhAra mUke che. mahAmati bodhisatve pUchavuM he bhagavan ! tathAgatagarbha e kaMdha, dhAtu ane AratanathI, na jema malathI DhaMkAyeluM hoya tema, DhaMkAyeluM dareka prANInA zarIramAM rahe che ema Ape jaNAvyuM. vaLI te sthAyI, nitya, AnaMdamaya ane sanAtana che ema Ape vAvela che. to tathAgatagarbhanI A siddhAMta anya tIrthakarI" - darzano ke je ema mAne che ke AtmA karyA che, nitya sthAyI che, sarvavyApI, avinAzI ane nirguNa che. tenA te AtmavAda jevo zuM nathI ?' AnA uttaramAM bhagavAne mahAmatine jaNAvyuM - "o mahAmati ! tathAgatagarbhano mArA siddhAMtamAM ane anya tIrthakaro - darzananA AtmavAdamAM ghaNo taphAvata che. paraMtu tathAgatoe zUnyatAbhUtanI koTImAM Avato sanirvANa, nirjanma (anutpAda), animitta, apratihita (kalpanA - vicAra vagarano) tathAgatagarbha upadezIne tathAgato - ahaMto samyaka saMbuddha evA bAlone - maMdadhIne nairAgyanA trAsamAMthI dUra rAkhavAne nirvikalpa, nirabhAsagocara (vicAra ane vikalpa rahita) evA prakArano tathAgata garbha upadeza che. mahAmati ! atra anAgata (bhaviSyanA) ane pratyutpanna (havenA) bodhisattvoe -- mahAsattvo e AtmAmAM abhiniveza karavA yogya nathI. ane jevI rIte kuMbhAra mATInA paramANunA eka DhagalAmAMthI vividha vAsaNa hastazilpa, daMDa, pANI, doro ane prayatnanA yoga vaDe banAve che, tevI rIte tathAgato sarvavikalpa lakSmaNathI nivRtta - mukta evA dharmanA digya jagannA) narAmyano prajJA ane kauzalyathI, koI vakhata tathAgatagarbhanA upadezathI athavA koI vakhata nerAnA upadezathI kuMbhakAranI mAphaka citravicitra padavyaMjanaparyAyathI upadeza kare che. A kAraNathI mahAmati ! tIrthakaro (darzano)no AtmavAdopadeza jevo mAro tathAgatagarbhopadeza nathI; vaLI AvI rIte tathAgatagarbhopadeza AtmavAdamAM. abhiniviSTa evA tIrthakarone AkarSavA mATe tathAgato kare che, kAraNa ke tema na thAya to teo ke je AtmA nathI chatAM AtmA che evA vikalpamAM paDelA che ane traNa jAtanA vimokSamAM jenA Azayo paDI rahelA che te atyaMta anuttara (lokottara) evI myuksabodhi kema jANI zake ? eTalA mATe che, mahAmati ! tathAgatI - ahentI samyaksabuddhane tathAgatagarbhano upadeza kare che ane te tIrthakaranA AtmavAda tulya nathI. te mATe te tIrthakaranI daSTine dUra karavA mATe tathAgata nairAtmagarbhane anusaravuM tAre iTa che." 3. nirvANa zAMtimaya che - nirvA zAstam nirvANano siddhAMta - anityavAda ane vairAgyavAda e baMne vize ApaNe kahI

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352 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto gayA. ane te baMnemAMthI phalita thato A siddhAMta che. nirvANa vAstava avarNanIya che. boddha matanA nirvANa saMbaMdhe teno kharo siddhAMta zuM che e prazna be hajAra varSa pUrve grIka rAjA mileMDara athavA miliTe eka bauddha AcArya nAme nAgasenane pUchavo hato, tenA javAbamAM te AcArye kahyuM hatuM ke : "huM nirvANane koIpaNa upamA ke dalIlathI samajAvI zakuM tema nathI, kAraNake nivaNa jevuM kaMI paNa nathI." tyAre milinda pUchayuM, "nirvANa jevI dazA vidyamAna che, chatAM tenuM svarUpa, teno kAla, tenI maryAdA samajAvavAnuM kArya azakya che e huM mAnI zakato nathI. Ano khulAso ApanI pAse zuM che ?" nAgasene pratyuttara vALyo "he rAjA ! A mahAn samudra jevI vastu che e kharuMne ?" rAjA - hA. AcArya - dhAro ke tamone koI evo prazna kare ke samudramAM keTaluM pANI che ? ane tenI aMdara keTalA jIvo vase che ? to teno javAba zuM Apazo ? rAjA - huM tene ema kahIza ke Avo prazna puchAvo na joIe ane te prazna ema ne ema rahevA devAno che, kAraNake koIpaNa vijJAnazAstrIe te rIte te samudranI gaNanA karI nathI ane koIpaNa pANInuM mApa kADhI zake nahi ane temAM rahelAM jaMtuonI saMkhyA gaNI zake nahi. A mAro javAba ! AcArya - paraMtu Apa nAmadAre Avo uttara zA mATe Apavo joIe ? samudra to evI vastu che ke je vAstavapaNe vidyamAna che. Ape to te prazna pUchanArane evuM kahevuM joIe ke ATaluM tenuM pANI che ane ATalAM temAM vasatAM jalacara prANIo che. rAjA - te azakya che, kAraNake AvA praznano Avo uttara Apavo manuSyazaktinI bahAra che. nAganena - tevI ja rIte - teTalA pramANamAM nirvANadazA vidyamAna che chatAM tenuM pramANa, svarUpa, teno AkAra ke kAla kahevAM azakya che. ane kadI koIne jAduI zaktio hoya ane tethI te samudranuM pANI mApI zake ane temAMnAM jalacara prANIonI saMkhyA batAvI zake, paraMtu nirvANanuM svarUpa, AkAra, kAla ke pramANa kadI kahI zakanAra nathI. nirvANano sAkSAtkAra - tenI pratIti Ama che tethI jyAM sudhI te dazAno anubhava thayo nathI tyAM sudhI te nirvANano khyAla Avavo azakya che, mATe te anubhava meLavavA mATe buddhanA sUtramAM je sAdhano kahyAM che te dvArA utsAhamaya AgaLa vadhavAnI jarUra che. te mATe buddhatva prApta karavA aMta:preraNA - aMtaHparIkSA para bauddha mata bahu bhAra mUke che. tethI nAgArjune nirvANanuM varNana karavA nakAravAcaka zabdono AdhAra lIdho che. apratItamasaMprApta manucchinnamazAzvatam / aniruddhamanutpannameva nirvANamucyate /

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bauddha dharmanA rahasyarUpa mukhya siddhAMto arthAt jenI pratIti thaI nathI, je maLyuM nathI, jeno nAza thayo nathI, je zAzvata nathI, je aniruddha - dabAyela nathI, je utpanna thayela nathI tene nirvANa kahevAmAM Ave che. nirvANanI vyutpatti bauddha dharma pUrve nirvANano artha saMskRtamAM manuSyanuM aMtima sAdhya -- sarvasva evo thato hato. A arthamAM vaparAyela nirvANa zabda mahAbhAratamAM vAraMvAra maLI Ave che. mULa teno artha amukano 'nirodha' - 'abhAva' ema thato hato. saMskRta vyAkaraNakAro vA = phUMkavuM e dhAtu ane nir = nahi e upasargathI e zabda siddha kare che. pANininA prasiddha niyamathI nirvALo vAteH - vAyunuM baMdha thavuM e dhAtvartha thAya che, ane tyAra pachI jarAka kheMcIne dIpakanuM baMdha thavuM e arthamAM paNa lAgu pADavAmAM Avyo. hInayAnanA mahAn pAribhASika zabdakoza nAme 'abhidharma mahAvibhASAzAstra'mAM A pramANe vyutpatyartha karelA che H (ka) vAna saMsArano mArga + nir = dUra thavuM = sarva saMsAramArgothI dUra thavuM te. = (kha) vAna karmothI mukta hoya. = klezamaya karmo + nir = niha = = (ga) vAna + gADhuM jaMgala + nir = sthAyI tajavuM = skaMdho, traNa tRSNA ane utpAda, sthiti, ane nAza e vastunA traNa guNarUpI gADha jaMgalathI sthAyIpaNe dUra thayelI sthiti. 353 (gha) vAna = vaNavuM + nir = nahi jenI aMdara klezamaya karmonA tAMtaNAno AtyaMtika abhAva che ane jenI aMdara janma ane maraNanuM vaNavAnuM thatuM nathI evI sthiti. evI sthiti ke je klezamaya [Arya kAtyAyanIputraracita 'jJAnaprasthAna zAstra' uparanI moTI TIkA 'mahAvibhASA' nAme jANItI che. nirvANanI be bAju -- (ka) niSedhAtmaka rItie jotAM nirvANa e rAga, dveSa ane moha e traNa prakAranI agninuM olavAyuM che; arthAt svArthanA sarva vicArono taddana nAza, duHkhanuM pUrNa nivAraNa ane janmamaraNanA cakramAMthI taddana mukti nirvANa sUcave che. (kha) pratipAdaka rItie jotAM - nirvANa zIla, samAdhi ane prajJA e traNa guNonA AcaraNamAM rahela che. A rIte nirvANanuM svarUpa miliMdanA praznanA uttaramAM nAgasene bahu suMdara rIte kahela che. tene TUMkamAM joIe to : "joke nirvANane koI upamA ApI samajAvI zakAya tema nathI, chatAM amuka amuka dRSTAMta ApI sthUla rIte samajAvatAM tenAmAM kamalano eka guNa, jalanA be guNa, auSadhanA traNa guNa, samudranA cAra guNa, annanA pAMca guNa, AkAzanA daza guNa, kalparatnanA traNa guNa, raktacaMdananA traNa guNa, ghInA traNa guNa ane girizikharanA

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto pAMca guNa rahela che. jema kamala pANIthI nirlepa rahe che tevI rIte nirvANa kleratha nirlepa che. eka to jala ThaMDuM hoya che ane tApane nivAre che tema nirvANa zAMta che ane klezane nivAre che, vaLI jala tRSA chipAve che. tema nivaoNNa viSayaraktanI ane punarjanmanI tRSA ane taddana nAzanI tRSA chipAve che. jema auSadha viSe caDelA puruSanuM zaraNa che, vyAdhine nivAre che ane amRta samAna che tevI rIte nivAsa klezarUpI viSa jene caDela hoya che tenuM zaraNa che, duHkhane nivAre che ane amRta samAna che. jema samudra maDadAMthI rahita che, vizAla ane amaryAdita che ane sa nadIonAM pANIthI chalakAto nathI, ane vizAla prANIonuM sthAna che tevI rIte nivaoNra klezarUpI maDadAMthI rahita che, vizAla amaryAdita che ane temAM praveza karI prANIothI saMpUrNa thaI jato nathI, ane mahAn AtmAonuM - ahaMtonuM sthAna che. anna jema darekanuM jIvana TakAve che, sarva prANInuM bala vadhAre che, kAMti Ape che, duHkhane nivAre che, ane bhUkhathI thatI nirbaLatAne vidAre che, tevI rIte nirvANa jA ane maraNano nAza karI jIvanane TakAve che, sarva prANInI iddhinI zakti vadhAre che. pavitratArUpI kAMti Ape che, dareka klezathI utpanna thatuM duHkha vidAre che ane bhUkha temaja sarva prakAranA duHkhathI nIpajatI nirbaLatAne dUra kare che. AkAza janmatuM nathI, vRddha thatuM nathI, maratuM nathI, punaH janmatuM nathI, dabAtuM nathI, cothI lUMTAtuM nathI. AdhArano khapa rAkhatuM nathI, pakSIone UDavAnuM kSetra che, avyAbAdha che ane anaMta che tevI rIte nirvANa janmatuM nathI, vRddha thatuM nathI, maratuM nathI, tene punarjanma nora ajeya che, cora tene lUMTI zakatA nathI, koI paNa AdhAra nathI rAkhatuM ane te anaM che. kalparatna jema dareka icchAne tRpta kare che, AnaMda Ape che ane prakAzathI sa hoya che te rIte nirvANa dareka icchAne tRpta kare che, AnaMda Ape che ane prakAra pUrNa hoya che. raktacaMdana jema durlabha che, sugaMdhamAM tenAM jevuM koI nathI, rAve lokothI vakhaNAyeluM che te pramANe nirvANa che. ghI raMge suMdara, vAsamAM sAruM, ane madhura rasavALuM che tema nirvANa sadAcAre suMdara, sAruM ane madhura mIThAzavALuM che. zikharanI para nirvANa utta, acala, ane duHprApya che, ane girizikhara para jema ro UgatAM nya tema nirvANamAM kleza udbhavatA nathI ane zikhara jema khuza ke nAkhuza karavAnuM icchAthI mukta che tema nirvANa che." 354 nirvANa saMbaMdhe kRtrima bheda mahAyAnamAM nirvANanA cAra guNa mAnavAmAM AvyA che nityatA, A svataMtratA ane pavitratA.' jyAre hInayAnamAM tenAthI UlaTA guNo che ema keTalAka mAnavuM che, paMratu upara miliMdanA prazno ke je hInayAnano eka saMmata graMtha che tenAM ta ja guNo maLI AvyA che. chatAM kahevuM joIe ke jemajema vakhata vItato gayo tema tema nirvANa saMbaMdhenA vicAramAM phera paDato gayo che. hInayAnavALA eTalI hade para AvI gayA che ke niSphala apravRtti e nirvANa che ane tethI mAnI vartamAna kAlamAM hInayAnavALA evI kalpanA kare che ke pravRttinI sAthe zAMti hoya nahi ke je la

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bauddha dharmanA rahasyarUpa mukhya siddhAMto 355 kalpanA buddhanA potAnA caritra parathI nirmULa kare che, kAraNa ke temaNe atizaya pravRttimaya jIvana gALavA sAthe zAMti rAkhI che. Ama thavAthI, laMkA, brahmadeza ane siyAmanA bauddha sAdhuo potAnA mahAnuM buddhanA caritra pramANe paramArtha jIvana rAkhavA ane bIjAnuM jIvana unnata karavAne badale jAdu Adi malina vidyA calAve che, bhaviSyavAda kahe che ane te para paisA meLavI potAnuM gujarAna kare che. lagnanI ke janmanI vakhate judIjudI kriyAo karI amuka zabdo bolI dravya le che. siMhAlIjhamAM sUtranA maMtro bolI lokone mokSa ApatA hoya nahi tema kahe che, jayAre pote te satra samajatA nathI. Ama bolavA karatAM eka grAmophonanI cUDI para te sUtravAkyo caDAvI temAMthI bolAvatA hoya to pachI A badhuM bolavAnI mAthAkUTa maTI jAya tema che ema eka vidvAnuM kahevuM che. AvuM laMkA, brahmadeza AdimAM hInayAnavALA sAdhuo nivAMNano judo - vira khyAla karI kahe che te chatAM tene mATe hInayAnane doSa AvavAno nathI. temAM nivaNa svarUpa AtyaMtika nAza che ema kadI nathI evuM spaSTa jaNAvela che. A nirvANano kharo artha - nirvANa ane saMsAra eka ja che evo nAgArjunano mata AgaLa kahevAmAM Avela che. vastutaH saMsAra nirvANanI sAthe je saMbaMdha rAkhe che te mojuM pANInI sAthe je saMbaMdha rAkhe che tenA jevo che. bauddha tattvajJAnanI paribhASAmA nivaNano kharo artha tenA laMkAvatAra sUtramAM sArI rIte darzAvelo che : 1. prAcIna pustaka nAme laMkAvatAra sUtramAM kahela che ke tatra kecittAvanmahAmate tIrthakarAH - skaMdhadhAtvAyatananirodhAdriyaya vairAgyantrilaM vaidharmyadarzanAccittacaittakalApo na pravartate. atItAnAgata pratyutpanna viSayAnanusmaraNAta dIpavIjAnalavadapAdAno paramAdapravRttirvikalpasyeti' varNayati / atasteSAM nirvANabuddhirbhavati, na ca mahAmate vinAza dRSTyA nivAryate / / / keTalAka tIrthakara-matavALA kahe che ke skaMdha, dhAtu, ane vatananA niroda - dhI ve paya para vairAgya AvavAthI, padArthomAM rahetA vaidhamma upara dhyAna rAkhavAthI vicAra ane vicAranI amUla dUra thAya che -- pravatato nathI; bhUta, bhaviSya ane vartamAna viSayone A e na thavAthI jema dIpa bujhAI jAya che, bIja nAza pAme che ane ane lavAI jAya che tema upAda , aTakatAM vikalpa pravRtti thatI nathI. A nivo saMbaMdheno khyAla temano che, paraMtu che. mahAmate ! vinAzadaSTithI eTale sarvano vinAza thavA pachI utpanna thatuM nivAraNa - e khyAla satya nathI ! 2. A ja vAta nAgArjuna bIjI rIte kahe che. ya AjavaMjavIbhAva upAdAya pratItva vA so'pratItyAnupAdAya nirvANamupadizyate / / - pAdhyamika zAstra ['A ja vAta mAdhyamikakArikAmAM nAgArjune anya rIte karI che. agrahINasamprAptamanucchinnamazAzvatam / aniruddhamanutpannametannirvANamucyate / / - je kAraNa ane kAryanI paraMparAnI asara nIce "saMsAra' che te kAraNakAnI sattAnI mukta thaye nivANa che.

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jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto jyAre mana mAyAsamAdhithI laIne badhI samAdhi ke je tathAgatanI dazAne dhIme dhIme prApta karAve che temAM nIce jaNAvela pUrvasthiti lAvyA pachI lIna thayela hoya che tyAre vijJAnanI vyAvRtti thatAM nirvANa prApta thAya che. te pUrvasthiti A pramANe che : (1) bAhya bhAvonA abhAvane svacittanI kRtimAtra che evI pratIti. (2) catuSkoTika - eTale (che, nathI, che ne nathI, ane che paNa nahi ane nathI paNa nahi) e cAra koTavALuM 'tathAtva' che evI pratIti - yathAbhUtAvasthAnadarzana. (3) dRzya vastuno vicAra ane cittano vikalpa ne grAhya ane grAhakanI upalabdhi jenAthI thatI nathI evA ('che' ane 'nathI') e be kalpanAnA cheDAno tyAga. (4) sarva pramANanuM grahaNa azakya che - koI paNa pramANa pramANarUpe nathI enuM darzana - evo sAkSAtkAra. 356 (5) tattvane atattva samAna vyAmoharUpa gaNI tenuM agrahaNa. (6) Arya dharmane sarva pramANanA AtmArUpa gaNavAnI pratIti. (7) be prakAranA nairAtmyano avabodha. (8) be prakAranA kleza (bhAvanAheya kleza ane darzanaheya kleza) ane be prakAranAM AvaraNano tyAga. [be AvaraNa te klezAvaraNa ane jJeyAvaraNa...] A rIte bauddhanA nirvANanuM svarUpa che. 1. AnuM mULa je che te A che ane teno artha karavo bahu muzkela che H anye punarmahAmate varNayanti sarvajJa siMhanAdanAdino yathA svacitta dRzyamAtrAvavodhAt bAhyabhAvAbhAvenAbhinivezAccAtuSkoTika-rahita yathAbhUtAvasthAnadarzanAt svacitta dRzya vikalpasyAntadvaya patanatayA, grAhyagrAhakAnupalabdhaiH sarvapramANAgrahaNA pravRtti darzanAttattvasya vyAmohattvAdagrahaNantattvasya tadvyudAsAt sarva pramANasva pratyAtmAryadharmAdhigamAnnairAsya dvayAvavodhAt kaleza dvayAvaraNadvaya vizuddhatvAt bhUmyuttarottara tathAgatabhUmimAyAdi vizvasamAdhi cittameno vijJAna vyAvRtte nirvANaM kalpayanti ||

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vibhAga-4 : prakIrNa bauddha dharmamAM strInI padavI zrI, gautama buddhanA samayamAM ucca jJAtinI aneka strIo gRhano tyAga puruSonI peTe karI saMghamAM joDAvA utsuka banI. prathama te siddhArthanI mAzI ane poSaka mAtA nAme prajApati gautamIe te sarva strIonI vatI buddha pAse jaI saMghamAM dAkhala karavA vinati karI ane buddhi saMmati ApI; ane bIjAo tema karavA mATe potAnA dharmane na vagove te mATe temane gRhastha strIono je paheraveza hato te eTale zveta aMgavastra vezamAM rAkhI pavitra saNI brahmacAriNI tarIke jIvana gALavAne gautamIne kahyuM. ATalo nAno hakka gautamIne pasaMda na paDyo. tethI teNe badhI strIonI salAha laI svayameva dIkSita thaI pachI buddha pAse ziSyAo tarIke javAnuM TharAvyuM. mastakanA keza kApI nAkhyA, yogya aMgavastra paheryuM ane bhikSApAtra laI buddhane caraNe AvyAM. AnaMda (buddhano sahacArI ziSya) saharSa temanI vinati guruzrIne nivedita karI temano pakSa lIdho. buddhe temane saMghamAM letI vakhate evA zabdo kADhyA ke "zuM buddha puruSonA kalyANa mATe ja janme che ? vizAkhA ane bIjI strIone satu mArga prApta nathI thayo ? dIkSA puraSa temaja strI sarvane mATe che. A rIte buddha strIone svataMtra sthAna ane te vaLI puruSonI samAnakakSAe ApyuM. bhAratanI A vakhatanI sAmAjika naitika avasthA bhraSTa thaI hatI. viSayavAsanAnuM prAbalya hatuM. kAmAcArane uttejaka homahavanAdi karavAmAM AvatA hatA, e vAta bauddha dharmamAM dIkSita thayelI prAcIna strIo (sthavirA)e racela 'therIgAthA' nAmanA pustakamAMthI maLI Ave che. AthI bhikSuoe strIo pratye, ane bhikSuNIoe puruSo pratye kevI rIte vartana rAkhavuM joIe te mATe kaThina niyamo yojavAmAM AvyA hatA, paraMtu buddhanA upadezamAM strIpuruSa vacce aMtara rAkhavAmAM Avela hatuM evuM kazuM paNa nathI. maulAyana ane sAriputra pratye jevuM mAna, tevuM ja ucca mAna bikhrisAra rAjAnI pANI khemAM ane dhammadina ke je bhikSuNIomAM agresara hatI teo pratye buddhanuM hatuM. puruSamAM eTalo badho vizvAsa hoya ke strImAM raheluM koIpaNa tattva tene lalacAvI zake tema nathI ke tenI tRSNA utpanna karI zake tema nathI, to pachI te pote upAsaka hoya ke dIkSita - bhikSu hoya to paNa strIomAM svataMtratAthI bhaLavA mATe tene vAMdho nathI. bodhi prApta karyA pachI buddha jyAre pitA zuddhodananA rAjyamahelamAM gayA tyAre tenI strI yazodharAe temane maLavA bahAra AvavI nA pADI tyAre te pote ja teNInI pAse gayA hatA. te vakhate temaNe sAriputra ane maurzalAyana ke je ziSyo potAnI sAthe hatA tene kahyuM huM mukta chuM, rAjakula patnI haju sudhI mukta nathI. mArAM darzana teNIe lAMbA samayathI karyA nathI tethI teNI atyaMta zokApanna che. teNInA zokane gati nahi maLe to teNInuM hRdaya cirAze. jo teNI tathAgatano (potAno) sparza kare

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358 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto to tame tene tema karatAM aTakAvatA nahi." purUSane ghaNI vakhata strI asatkAryo karavA. lalacAve che te mATe buddha strIne dhikkArI nathI, paraMtu teNInI apratyakSa asarathI kadAca teo phasAI jAya te mATe nirbaLa buddhinA puruSone phakta temaNe cetavaNI ApI che. vyavahAramAM strIone UtaratI gaNI che kAraNake kudaratathI ghaNI strIomAM ochuM DahApaNa, mithyAbhimAna hoya che ane nivaNanI uttama zreNIe caDavA mATe je bhagIratha prayatna, tyAga ane vairAgya Avazyaka che te teomAM pUratA nathI hotA tethI ja bauddha kahe che ke nirvANane mA caDAvanAra AryamArgamAM praveza pAmavA mATe ghaNI strIone paraSabhavamAM janma levo joIe, paraMtu dharma pote puruSa ane strIne samAna rIte te kArya mATe adhikArI gaNe che. bauddha dharma ane ugra tapazcaryA prAcIna bhAratamAM vaidika dharmamAM yajJavidhine ucca sthAna hatuM. prAraMbhamAM manuSyo je devatAothI bharyo pAmatA tenA kopane zamAvavA mATe yajJo karatA; pachIthI yajJathI manuSya devatA sAthe vyavahAra rAkhI zake che evuM mAnavAmAM AvyuM. AkAzamAM ane pRthvI para - baMne sthaLe agni che tethI agnidevatA ke je dareka yajJamAM prajavalita karavAmAM Ave che tene mANaso ane devatAo vacce madhyama dUta tarIke ane devatAo pAse haviSya laI janAra tarIke gaNavAmAM Avyo. dareka vaidika maMtramAM ' te" - huM ApuM chuM kAraNa ke tuM Ape. - evo lagabhaga bhAvArtha rahelo che. yajJakriyAmAMthI AvI rIte judI judI yajJavidhio ane judAjudA yajJa nIkaLyA. tene gUMthanAra khAsa varga nAme brAhmaNo thayA. eka prasiddha zloka che ke : devAdhInaM jagatsarvaM maMtrAdhInaM tadaivatam / tanmatrA drAhmaNAdhInAM vAhmaNA mAmadevatAH / / sarva jagatu devatane adhIna che. te devatA maMtrone apAna che, te mano brAhmaNone adhIna che ane tethI brAhmaNo e mArA devatA che. Ama brAhmaNo yajJa karanArA, yajJadhi karAvanArA, maMtro bolanArA, ati denAra vagere yajJazAstramAM pAraMgata ane sattAdhIza thayA. tyArapachI tapano prabhAva vadhyo. hiMdu dhAstromAM tapathI aneka zaktio prati thA. che te saMbaMdhI aneka kathAo che. tethI rAva. deva ke rAsathI para bhUta thAya che. tevo zaktimAna thayuM. nahApe tapathI traNa -kanuM rA "jaya meLavyuM. vizvAmitra te pachI kSatriya hovA chatAM brAhmaNa, phAtimAM evuM zakyA, ane mAtaMga cAMDAlanuM paNa tema che. AvI rIte tapazcaryAnuM ! prAcIna bhAratamAM jabaruM hatuM. brAhmaNa dharma sivA. ra vakhate je dharma paNa vidyamAna hato, temAM paNa tapazcaya para sArI rIte bhAra mukAye : tapana vyAkhyAmAM dehadamana uparAMta dhyAna, diyama. venanya Adi aneka nuM pa ra aa .tho hato. A sivAya paMcAIna dhovuM tApa sahana karanAra, vRkSa sAthe. badhI laTakanAra vagere aneka jAta nA tApane

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kriyAvAda - puruSArtha - udyama / svadezaprema 359 dhana hatA. vI jItanI, tapazcaryA karavAthI sAdhyamArga maLe che tevuM buddhane paNa lA pa.vAthI gRhatyAga karI vanamAM jaI ugra dehadamana karavA mAMDyuM. bhUtRpA sahana karI nagnAvasthAmAM temaja dehadamananI aneka kriyA urUvitvanA jaMgalamAM karI. AthI temanuM zarIra ghaNuM kSINa ane kurA thayuM. temanI A tapazcaryA joI ToLAbaMdha loko temanAM dAna karavA AvyA. pachI temaNe upavAsa karatAM eka vakhata mUrchA AvI gaI; te UtaryA pachI temane lAgyuM ke mAtra bhUkha sahavAthI ke thAka veThavAthI kaMIpaNa prakAza pamAya tema nathI. tethI temane ema thayuM ke enabAjImAM rahI khUba vilAsa uDAvavAmAM mArga maLavAno nathI, tema khUba tapazcaryA karavAthI tenI prApti thavAnI nathI, mATe e be aMtima mArgathI vacalo rasto grahaNa karavI e ja iSTa che. A ja mArga pachI buddha potAna.. jIvanaparyata upadezyo. dharma tapazcaryAne svIkArato nathI eTaluM nahi paraMtu mojazokhane paNa dhikkAre che. dharmano hetu prarA ane zAMti che, paraMtu bhautika AnaMda nathI. kriyAvAda - puruSArtha - udyama keTalAka bauddha dharma upara evo AkSepa kare che ke te dharma akriyAvAdI che eTale udAma zIkhavato nathI. ane mAtra jaDavatuM rahevuM e ja pasaMda kare che. A AkSepa yogya nathI. koI bauddha bhiAo guptA ane pramAdI jiMdagI gALe tethI AkhA dharmane tevadagI gALavAnuM zIkhavanAra tarIke vagovavo e yutirahita che. evA to dareka emAM maLe che. AnA TArtha tarIke badhe je zabdo siMha nAmanA senApatine kahyA hatAM te jANavA jevA che. te A pramANe che ke huM akriyAno upa devA pharuM chuM te je che. amaya kayo che tenI mana, vacana ane kAyAe karI akriyAno upadeza karuM chuM, ane te che mana, vacana ane kAyathI pazcima kAryo karavAno upadeza karuM chuM." - , nyU ? ke nA mena: bauddhagraMthamAM bukane ema kahetAM jaNAvela che ke "o, bhio ! - - kRtyothI madha ne pAmo. sakAya ke sukha, isTa ane priya vastuo che." svadezaprema keTala! TIkAkArI ema jAve che ke videza mAM je sara Avazyaka che. te - - na. dhamAM prasAravI buddha kaMI karyuM nathI. AnA uttaramAM jaNAMva nuM ke te buddhanA upara nuM ajJAna sUcave che. magadha dezanI paDozamAM rahetI vaja nAma nI mahAnuM jAti . madha nA rAjA ajAtazatra ! karavAnI yojanA karI ane te bAbatanI !! " - pavA budha prati potAnA mukhya pradhAna mokalyo hato. A saMdezo maLatAM buddha pahelAM potAnA ziSya AnaMdane pUchI joyuM ke vache saMpUrNa rIte thAya che ekaThA maLI - ja - mATe vicAra kare che ? AnaMde hA kahI eTale buddhe 1 che ke jyAM sudhI va, pitA nI AvI pUNe ane vAraMvAra maLatI sabhAthI kAma .. meM sudhI teo nI 1 tii thavAnI AzA nathI. UlaTuM tenI pragati thaze. jayAM sudhI tenI saMpathI maLe che, jaya rAdhI teo mAnya vRddhone mAna Ape chestrIonuM yogya sthAne svIkAre che,

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360 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto nItimaya rahI potapotAnA yogya dhamAM bajAve che, pavitra saMtone yogya rakSaNa ane Azraya Ape che, tyAM sudhI vajIno parAbhava thavAnI AzA na rAkhI zakAya, paNa, teonI caDatI ja saMbhave. pachI temaNe saMdezavAhaka pradhAnane jaNAvyuM ke "jyAre huM vaizAlI ( vajI jAtanI rAjyadhAnI)mAM hato tyAre teone temanA kalyANanA uparokta mArge meM upadezyA hatA ane jyAM sudhI temane A upadeza maLyo che ane sanmArgane teo vaLagI raheze ane nItimaya jIvana gALaze tyAM sudhI temano jaya che. te pradhAna cAlyo gayo. tyAra pachI bhikSuone paNa ekaThA karI tevA ja prakArano bodha Apyo ke "bhikSuo ! jyAM sudhI saMghanAM mANaso hameza ekatrita thaI saMpathI kAma leze ane saMpathI saMghanAM kAryo karaze, jyAM sudhI teo satuM vastuno tyAga nahi kare, ane dareka bAbata tenI kasoTI laI svIkAraze, jayAM sudhI temAM vRddha che te nyAyathI vartaze, ane bIjA vRddhane mAna ApI teo pratye pUjyabhAva dAkhavaze ane temanuM kathana sAMbhaLaze, jyAM sudhI tRNAne adhIna teo nahi thAya paraMtu dharmabhAvanAmAM AnaMda pAmaze ke jethI sAdhu puruSo temane tyAM AvI zAMtithI raheze, jyAM sudhI prajJAvAnuM rahI satyanI zodha karaze tyAM sudhI saMghanI avanati nahi thaze, paraMtu unnati ja thavAnI. mATe bhikSuo ! zraddhAthI pUrNa, hRdayathI vinayI, pApathI bhIru, jijJAsu, zaktimAM baLavAnuM, manathI daDha ane prajJAvAna bano." bhikSuono saMyama upara kahyA pramANe buddhano upadeza mojamajAno tyAga, ane ugra tapazcaryA pratye anAdara rAkhavA pratye che ane mojamajA ane tapazcaryA vacceno mArga grahavA kahe che tethI bhikSuoe kevuM vartana rAkhavuM joIe e samajI zakAya tema che. temano vairAgya mAtra jIvananA baMdhanathI chUTA thavAmAM nathI paraMtu ahaMbhAva taddana tajavAmAM che. mastakanA keza kADhI nAMkhavAthI, pata vastra paheravAthI bhikSutA prApta thatI nathI paraMtu cittane viSayavAsanA ane ahaMkAra, hepa ne lobhathI mukta rAkhavAthI prApta thAya che. dhammapada nAmanA eka bauddha pavitra graMthamAM kathela che ke hasta, pAda, vAcAne jeNe saMyamamAM rAkhyAM che, saMyamImAM saMyamI je che ane je bhAvanAzIla, zAMta, saMtoSI, ekAMtavAsI che te ja kharo bhikSu che." chatAM bhikSu e tApasa nathI. teno khorAka atizaya hoto nathI, paNa potAne Arogyamaya ane baLavAnuM rAkhe teTalo khorAka te le che. te puSpamALA, sugaMdhI padArtho, lepa ke alaMkArano upayoga na kare, paNa svaccha ane suMdara to rahe. tenAM pItavastro suMdara ane manohara na hoya paNa svasthatA Ape tevAM hovAM joIe. tene rahevA mATe mahelo nahi paNa pavana na lAge tevuM chAparuM joIe, tene ucca yA vizAla adhyApalaMga nahi paNa sAduM bichAnuM to joIe. te nRtya, saMgIta ke nATakamAMthI dUra rahe, paNa tethI samAjanA paricayathI mukta na thAya. ekAMtavAsa gujAre chatAM dareka strIpuruSa tenA samAgamano lAbha laI zake ke jeo dharmacarcAthI temanI pAse zIkhI zake. te khorAka mAgIne na le, temaja potAne amuka joIe che ema bIjAne na kahe, chatAM te bIjo Ape tyAre ja laI zake. AnuM kAraNa teno pramAda nathI, paraMtu bauddha

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bauddha dharma ane jJAti | hAlano pracalita bauddha dharma 361 dharmanuM e ja zAsana che - temAM e niyama che. te sanmArga pratye prayANa kare che te svargasukhanI icchAthI nahi paraMtu duHkhano aMta lAvavAthI thatA AnaMdane prApta karavA. tenAmAM jJAna ke prajJA che tethI te mAnane lAyaka che ema nahi, paraMtu tenuM jIvana saMtatulya ane pavitra che ke je bIjAne dRSTAMtarUpa thaI paDe teTalA mATe, te pUjya che. bauddha dharma ane jJAti ekadA AnaMda nAmano ziSya eka kUvA pAse thaIne jato hato te vakhate kUvAmAMthI eka caMDAlanI kanyA pANI kheMcatI hatI. teNI pAsethI AnaMde pANI pIvA mAgyuM tyAre teNIe kahyuM ke "huM aspRzya jJAtinI chuM to mArI pAsethI pANI lezo to tame abhaDAzo." AnA uttaramAM AnaMde kahyuM "bahena ! huM tArI jJAti pAsethI nahi paNa tArI pAsethI pIvAnuM pANI mAguM chuM. AthI te cAMDAla kanyAe harSita thaI AnaMdane jala ApyuM. AnaMda upakAra mAnI cAlato thayo, paraMtu te kanyAe jANyuM ke te bhagavAnano ziSya hato tethI jyAM buddha hatA tyAM gaI ane teNInA hRdayanI vAta jANI buddhe teNIne saMghamAM - potAnI ziSyA tarIke svIkArI. teNIne bhikSuNI tarIke dAkhala karavAthI zrAvastI nagarInA rAjA prasenajitu ane brAhmaNo tathA kSatriyo Ane dUSaNa gaNI buddhane samajAvavA AvyA, paraMtu buddha jJAtibhedano bhrama evuM jaNAvIne toDI pADyo ke rAkha ane suvarNamAM ghaNo aMtara che paraMtu brAhmaNa ane caMDAlamAM tevo kaMIpaNa bheda nathI. sUkAM lAkaDAMnA gharSaNathI agni utpanna thAya che tema koI brAhmaNa utpanna thato nathI, tema te svargamAMthI UtarI ke pavanamAMthI AvIne avatarato nathI, tema pRthvIne phoDIne janma pAmato nathI. jevI rIte eka cAMDAla potAnI mAtAnA udaramAMthI janma pAme che tevI ja rIte brAhmaNa svamAtAnA udaramAMthI janme che. sarva manuSyone sarakhAM aMga ane upAMga che. temAM koIpaNa jAtanI bheda nathI, to pachI amuka amuka jAtano ane bIjo bIjI jAtano evo bheda kema gaNI zakAya ? manuSya jAtanI asamAnatA hovAnI mAnyatA prakRtithI - kudaratathI viruddha che. na jaccA basalo hoti na jaccA hoti bAhmaNo / kammanA vasalo hoti kammanA hoti bAhmaNo / / jAtithI koI vRSala - caMDAla hoto nathI tema jAtithI brAhmaNa thato nathI. karmathI caMDAla thAya che ane karmathI brAhmaNa thAya che. hAlano pracalita bauddha dharma bauddha dharma mAnanArA jeTalA loka che teTalA koIpaNa dharmanA mAnanArA nathI. cIna, jApAna, koriyA, maMcUriyA, moMgoliyA, saibIriyA, nepAla, siMhala (sIlona) [zrIlaMkA)nA adhikAMza loka bauddha che. tibeTa, bhUtAna, sikima, rAmapura, busAyaranA sarvaloka bauddha che. brahmadeza, sIAma, ane anAmamAM ardhA loka bauddha che.

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jaina ane bauddhamata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto eka samaye turkIstAna, aphagAnistAna ane balucistAnamAM bauddha dharmano sAra rIte prasAra thayo hato. tyAMthI bauddha dharma IrAna ane kAnanA pazcima bhAgamAM phelAyo hato. romana ketholika khristIonA ghaNA AcAra vicAra, pUjApaddhatio bauddhonAM jevAM ja che. tenA seinTa bArlAma (Barlaam) ane josephat (Josaplat e be mahAtmA bauddha ane bodhisattva zabdanAM kevala rUpAntara che. 362 bhAratavarSIya hinduonA dharma ane AcAra-vyavahAramAM bauddha mata ane tenA bhAva hajupaNa guptapaNe cAlyA AvyA che. baMgAlAnA dharmaThAkurane pUjanAra bauddha ja che. viThobA ane bila devatAonA bhakta potAno paricaya bauddha-vaiSNava kahIne Ape che. baMgALIonA taMtrazAstramAM bauddha dharmano praveza spaSTa rIte dekhAI Ave che. siMhaladvIpamAM je bauddha dharma pracalita che te keTalIka dharmanItiono samUhamAtra che. nepAlanA bauddha dharmamAM darzanatattvonI adhikatA che, ane te vijJAnamUlaka che. brahmadezamAM pUjApAThonI adhikatA che. tibeTanA bauddha kAlipUjA kare che, maMtrataMtra bole che, homa-japa kare che ane manuSyapUjA kare che. cIna dezanA bauddha sarva jAtanA jIvonI hiMsA kare che ane badhI jAtanAM mAMsa khAya che. jApAnanA ane cInanA bauddha aneka deva-devIonI upAsanA kare che. bauddha dharma koI sthale pUrvapuruSonI upAsanA sAthe, koI sthale bhUtapretonI upAsanA sAthe, ane koI jagAe dehatattvanI upAsanA sAthe mizrita thaI gayo che. koI sthale zuddha-buddhe upadezyA pramANe ane koI sthale nAgArjunanA upadezAnusAra cAle che. buddhadevanA upadezono pracAra jyAre je dezamAM thayo, tyAre te dezanI pracalita bhASAmAM te lakhAyelo che; ane te eTale sudhI ke irAnanI bhASAmAM ane romanI bhASAmAM paNa lakhAyelA che. 'vimalaprabhA' nAmanA eka pustakathI A vAtanI hamaNAM patto lAgyo che. prAkRta ane apabhraMza bhASAmAM bauddhonAM ghaNAM saMgIto maLI AvyAM che. bauddha kene kahevo e saMbaMdhe aneka munionA aneka mata che. jo saMsAratyAga karI maThomAM vAsa karanArA sAdhune ja bauddha kahevAmAM Ave to pachI gRhastha bauddhone bauddha kahI na zakAya. jo paMcazIla (hiMsA niha karavI, jUThuM niha bolavuM, corI niha karavI, dArU nahi pIvo, vyabhicAra nahi karavo) grahaNa karanAra ja bauddha kahevAya to pachI vyAdha, dhIvara (zikArI, mAchImAra) Adine bauddha dharmamAM praveza karavAno adhikAra raheto nathI. nepAla ane tibeTa AdinA bauddhonA matathI AkhI pRthvInA loka bauddha che. laMkAnivAsI kevala potAno ja uddhAra che e para nizcita che. nepAlI ane tibeTa kahe che ke je bodhisattva thaze tene jagatno uddhAra karavAnI pratijJA levI ja paDaze. A kAraNathI nepAla ane tibeTanA bauddha potAne mahAyAna' ane laMkAnA boddhone 'hInayAna' saMpradAyanA kahevaDAve che. 'yAna'no artha paMtha yA mata. yAna - mArga athavA vAhana bauddhonA pradhAna graMthanuM nAma prajJA pAramitA che ane tenAM aneka saMskaraNa thayAM che. seMkaDo hajAro loko temAM che. eno pradhAna Adeza e che ke 'sarva jIvo para karuNA karo.' bauddhonI karuNA ghaNI gaMbhIra che.

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hAlano pracalita bauddha dharma 363 bauddha loka jAtine mAnatA nathI. AthI teo ema mAne che ke koI janmathI ddha hotuM nathI. zubhAkara gumanA AdikamaMracanA' nAma nI bauddha smRtinI pramANe je budha, dharma ane saMgha e traNanuM zaraNa le che te ja bauddha che. AdimAM bauddha dharma saMnyAsIono dharma hato. je saMnyAsa levA icchA dharAvato tene eka saMnyAsIne guru - murabbI tarIke grahaNa karI saMnyAsIonA vihAramAM javuM paDatuM. bauddha saMnyAsIne 'bhi', samUhane saMgha, bhikSuonA nivAsasthAnane 'saMghArAma' ane aMdhArAmanI madhyamAM AvelA maMdirane vihAra" kahevAmAM AvatAM. ziSyane sthavira (vRddha bhikSa) kaMI : zra kare che te samaye pAMca bhikSu bIjA paNa pAse UbhA rahe che. nAma, ThAma zuM che, koI kaThina roga to nathI thayo ? koI vakhate jadaMDa to thayo nathI ? rAjakarmacArI to nathI ? bhikSApAtra che ke nahi ? cIvara che ke nahi ? AvI jAtanA te prazno hoya che. A pUchayA pachI saMghane pUchavAmAM Ave che ke "Apa kaho ke A manuSyane saMghamAM dAkhala karavo ke nahi ?' A traNa vakhata pUchaDyA pachI jo koI virodha leto nathI to tene upAdhyAyane soMpavAmAM Avato ane tenI pAse te saMnyAsI dharmanAM kartavya zokhato hato. zIkhI rahyA pachI temAM ane upAdhyAyamAM koI jAtano bheda raheto nahi. baMnenA adhikAra saMghamAM sarakhA thaI jatA. mahAyAna saMpradAyamAM bauddha upAdhyAyane "kalyANamitra" kahe che. AthI mAluma paDe che ke teno guruziSya jevo saMbaMdha nathI; paralokanI kalyANa kAmanAmAM guru ziSyano kevala mitra che. A saMpradAyanA anuyAyI darzanazAstranI ghaNI carcA kare che. dhImedhIme jyAre eka moTo samUha gRhasthabhikSu thaI beTho tyAre darzanazAstra zIkhavuM ane yoga dhyAna karavuM kaThina pa vA lAgyuM. te samaye "maMtrayAna'nI utpatti thaI. eka maMtrano jApa karavAthI badhA dharmakarmonAM phala maLI zake che. Avo vizvAsa vadhato gayo ane tenI sAthe vAruziSyano saMbaMdha bahu daDha thaI gayo, ane AgaLa jatAM tero gurubhaktinI - mUravAnI mayAdA bAMdhI. bhAratanA eka saMpradAyamAM haju paNa A prakArano vizvAsa pracalita che ke ziSya gurano dAsa che, tenI pAse je kaMI che te sarva - pote temaja potAnI strI kanyA sudhdhAMta sarva gurunuM che. A matanuM mULa 'mayAna che. 'vajayAna' saMpradAyamAM guranI pratiSThA tethI paNa vizeSa vadhI gaI ne guru Izvara tulya banI gayA. 'sahajayAnamAM gunA upadeza ja sarvasva che. gurunA upadezathI jo mahApApa paNa karavAmAM Ave to tethI mahApuNya thAya che. A rIte bauddha dharmanA parivartananI sAthesAthe nuM saMmAna paNa vadhatuM cAlyuM. 'kAlacakrayAnamAM gurune avalokitezvarano avatAra mAnavAmAM Ave che, 'lAmAyAna'mAM to sarva lAmAo koI ne koI bodhisatvano avatAra hoya che. 'lAmAyAna' AgaLa jatAM dalAI lAmAyAna'nA rUpamAM pariNamyo. te avalokitezvarano

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364 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto avatAra che; kadI paNa marato nathI; tenuM zarIra vacamAM vacamAM navuM nirmita thAya che. bauddha dharmanI A vAtoe hiMdu dharmamAM paNa nyUnAdhikya rUpe sthAna lIdhuM che.' bhAratamAMthI bauddha dharmanA lopanAM kAraNa (1) je mahAnu rAjA azokano bauddha dharmane prabala Azraya hato ane jenA Azraya vaDe teno udaya prakAzamAna thayo tevA mauryasAmrAjyano lopa thavAnuM kAraNa khAsa jANavA yogya che. (ka) azoka joke sai dhamone samAna gaNato hato, ane tenA rAjatvamAM saghaLA dharma - mato vAMdhA vinAnA hatA; tathApi tenAM keTalAMka anuzAsano ethI viruddha bhAvanA jaNAya che. "Early History of India' nAmanA pustakanA racanAra prasiddha vidvAn vinseTa smitha jaNAve che ke azoke kevaLa pATaliputramAM pazuvadha baMdha karyo hato, paraMtu tenA rAjyanA bIjA aneka pradezomAM balidAnano niSedha karavAmAM Avyo hato, ema tenAM anuzAsano uparathI spaSTa jaNAya che. te samayanA brAhmaNomAM balidAnano pracAra ghaNo hato ane tethI ja azoke temanA viruddha tevI AjJA karI hatI. brAhmaNonI parApUrvathI cAlI AvelI prathAne eka zUdrarAjA baMdha kare, ane te temane asahanIya thaI paDe emAM Azcarya nathI. (kha) prAcInakALathI bhAratavarSamAM dharmane lagatI saghaLI bAbatomAM brAhmaNonuM ekAdhipatya hatuM. jo koI mANasa dharma athavA samAjathI bahirmukha thato to brAhmaNo tene prAyazcitta karAvatA ane tenI pAsethI brAhmaNa-bhojana lIdhA pachI ja tenA aparAdhIne kSamA maLatI hatI, paraMtu azoke dharmanI vyavasthA karanArI maMDaLIo UbhI karI, brAhmaNono e adhikAra chInavI lIdho. ane te apamAna brAhmaNo zAMta bhAve sahana kare tevA na hatA. (ga) A sivAya brAhmaNonA kSobhanuM eka moTuM kAraNa e hatuM ke azoke rAjatvamAM, daMDasumatAmAM ane vyavahAsamatAmAM potAnI marajI mujaba pheraphAra karyo hato - eTale teNe daMDa ane nyAyanA saMbaMdhamAM UMca-nIcano bheda taddana kADhI nAMkhyo hato. A pahelAM brAhmaNono aparAdha game tevo moTo hoya te chatAM temane koIpaNa prakArano zArIrika daMDa athavA phAMsI devAmAM AvatI na hatI. temane mATe moTAmAM moTo daMDa dezanikAlano hato ane sau karatAM apamAnakAraka daMDa 'zikhAchedana'no hato. nyAyanA dareka kAryamAM temanuM saMmAna jALavavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. temane sAkSI ApavI paDatI na hatI, chatAM koI brAhmaNa potAnI icchAthI sAkSI ApavA jato, to nyAyAdhIza kevaLa tenuM kaheluM lakhI leto hato ane pharIthI tene kaMI pUchI zakAtuM na hatuM. AvI sthitimAM anAryonI sAthe ekatra kArAvAsa ItyAdi daMDa bhogavavAnI kalpanA ja brAhmaNone atyaMta duHsaha thAya emAM Azcarya jevuM nathI. 1. mahAmahopAdhyAya haraprasAda zAstrI, ema.e.nA pravAsImAM AvelA lekha parathI. [vizeSa mATe juo vauddhanImAMsA (pR. 311-342), AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya | (caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI), 1978.]

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bhAratamAMthI bauddha dharmanA lopanAM kAraNa A traNa kAraNone lIdhe brAhmaNo manamAM ne manamAM asaMtuSTa rahetA hatA ane mUMge moDhe sahana karatA hatA. azokanA mRtyu pachI brAhmaNoe tenA vaMzajo viruddha dala bAMdhyuM. pote yuddha karI zake tevA na hatA tethI koI sahAyakanI zodhamAM hatA. ane Akhare tevo sahAyaka mauryasAmrAjyano senApati puSyamitra maLyo. te brAhmaNadharmane mAnato hato ane bauddhadharmane dhikkArato hato. rAjya para AkramaNa karanAra grIko para caDAI karI temane yuddhamAM harAvI puSyamitra pATaliputramAM pAcho pharyo tyAre mauryavaMzano chello rAjA ane azokano vaMzaja (bRhadratha - bRhadazva) tene vijayamALa paherAvavA khAsa maMDapamAM Avela hato tene koIe mArela tIrathI mArI nAMkhavAmAM Avyo. AvI rIte mauryasAmrAjyano nAza thayo ane tenI sAthe bauddha dharmanI paDatI thaI. puSyamitre Adhipatya meLavyuM (I.sa. pUrve 184) temanI pAse brAhmaNoe pATilaputramAM ja azvamedha yajJa karAvyo hato. A viplavamAM spaSTa rIte brAhmaNono hAtha jovAmAM Ave che, ane AthI te samaye brAhmaNo keTalI zakti dharAvatA hatA teno ApaNane bhAsa thAya che. keTalAka bauddha graMthomAM puSyamitrane bauddha nipIDaka' kahevAmAM Avyo che, ane tethI te saMpUrNa brAhmaNonA hAthamAM hato ema mAnavAne ApaNane kAraNa maLe che. AvI rIte thoDA divasamAM brAhmaNo mauryasAmrAjyanA kartAhartA banI gayA, eTaluM ja nahi paNa ethI temano prabhAva atizaya vistArane pAmyo. teo bauddha ane jaina dharmano vega rokI, dezanI samasta vidyAne potAnA graMthomAM ekaThI karavA lAgyA ane brAhmaNadharmane teoe je prabaLa gati ApI te haju sudhI naSTa thavA pAmI nathI. A puSyamitranA anugrahathI temaNe prakhyAta 'mahAbhASya' racyuM ane kAnnavaMzI rAjAoe temanI pAse 'manusaMhitA'nuM saMkalana karAvyuM, eTaluM ja nahi paNa temaNe A ja samayamAM rAmAyaNa ane pahAbhAratane hAlano AkAra Apyo. joke brAhmaNo gAdI para besatA na hatA, to paNa teo rAjAnuM gurupada bhogavatA hatA ane tethI rAjyanAM badhAM kAryomAM temano hAtha raheto hato. A pachI teo jyAre rAjakIya adhikAra gumAvI beThA, tyAre samAjanA pradhAna pada para AvyA ane vidhivyavasthAmAM potAnuM kartRtva prakAza karavA lAgyA. azoke brAhmaNone je je adhikArothI vimukha karyA hatA, te te saghaLA adhikAro brAhmaNoe AvI rIte pAchA meLavyA hatA. temaNe samAja para potAnI zreSThatA kevI dRDha rIte sthApana karI hatI, te jovA mATe kevaLa 'manusaMhitA'nuM ja avalokana pUratuM che. 365 vaLI azoke jAtivizeSatA ane vicArasamatAnuM parivartana karyuM hatuM, paraMtu tenuM pariNAma kevuM AvyuM te ApaNe 'mRcchakaTika' nATakamAMthI joI zakIe tema chIe. A nATakano rAjA pAlaka azokano anugAmI hoya ema jmAya che. tenA rAjyamAM brAhmaNonI.bahu durdazA jovAmAM Ave che. cArudatta nAmano brAhmaNa potAnA anucaro sAthe atizaya daridra dazAmAM divaso kADhe che. vaLI zarvilaka nAmano eka bIjo brAhmaNa

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366 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto jIvikAne mATe corIno dhaMdho kare che. nyAyAdhIza jyAre cArudattane strI hatyAnA aparAdha mATe aparAdhI Therave che, tyAre te brAhmaNane prANadaMDa detAM saMkoca anubhave che. paraMtu rAjA nyAyAdhIzanuM na mAnatAM tene prANadaMDanI AjJA kare che. A avasare cArudatta pradhAna - amAtyanuM pada meLave che ane zarvilakane paNa potAnI yogyatA pramANe adhikAra prApta thAya che. A sAhitya uparathI temaja upara jaNAvelI hakIkata parathI ema siddha thAya che ke azoke brAhmaNono adhikAra chInavI laIne temane sarva sAdhAraNanA jevA karavAno prayatna karyo hato ane tethI ja tenuM sAmrAjya tenA mRtyu pachI brAhmaNoe vadhAre vakhata TakavA dIdhuM na hatuM.' - Ama mauryasAmrAjyanA astathI bauddha dharmanA astano samaya AvI pahoMcyo. 1. A mahAmahopAdhyAya haraprasAda zAstrI, ema.e.nA lekha parathI lIdhela che. ane sAthe kyAMka "Early History of India by Vincent Smith'no AdhAra TAMkela che.

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viSayasUci A graMthanI viSayasUcine cAra bhAgamAM vaheMcI che. 1. vyaktinAmo, 2. sthaLanAmo, 3. kRtinAmo ane 4. viSayasUci. vyaktinAmomAM graMthakartAo, saMdarbhagraMtho-lekhonA kartAo, lekhaka dvArA jemano AdhAra levAyo hoya ke nirdeza karAyo hoya te sau vidvAnonAM nAmone paNa samAvI levAmAM AvyAM che. mahAvIrano ullekha aneka sthaLe 'vIra' zabdathI ane gautama buddhano ullekha aneka sthaLe mAtra 'buddha' ke 'buddhadeva'thI thayo che te zabdone anukrame 'mahAvIrasvAmI' ane 'gautama buddha'nI sUcimAM ja samAvyA che. vartamAna ane atIta jinacovIzInAM ane gautama buddhanI agAunA 24 buddhonAM nAmo sUcimAM lIdhAM nathI. te nAmo A graMthamAM anukrame pR. 96 ane pR. 334 para ekasAthe ja noMdhAyelAM che. paNa neminAtha, pArzvanAtha jevA tIrthaMkaronA ullekho vividha saMdarbhe thayA hoI e nAmone sUcimAM samAvyAM che. aTaka sAthe AvatAM arvAcIna nAmone aTakanA varNAnukrame goThavyAM che. sthaLanAmomAM naga2, rAjya, deza, pradeza, rASTra, nadI, parvata, vana AdinAM nAmo samAvyAM che. kRtinAmomAM saMdarbhagraMtho-sAmayiko-lekhone paNa samAvI lIdhAM che. viSayasUcimAM aneka sthAnoe evuM banyuM che ke koI viSayanA peTA tarIke sUcavAyelo viSaya enuM mahattva dhyAnamAM rAkhIne mukhya viSayasUcimAM paNa sAmela karAyo hoya. jemake 'tattva (nava)'nA peTAmAM Avato 'jIvatattva' viSaya 'ja'nA varNAnukrame paNa hoya. aMgrejI lipivALAM vyaktinAmo ane kRtinAmone gujarAtI lipibaddha karI lIdhAM che. - saMpAdaka] 1. vyaktinAmo akSobhakumA2, 7 agnivessana, 285 juo saccaka agnidatta (rAjA), 37 juo pasenadi agnibhUti, 76 ajAtazatru, 11, 29, 30, 38-40, 54, 269, 292-9, 359 juo azokacaMdra, juo koNika/kuNika (rAjA) ajita kesakaMbalI, 290 adInazatru (rAjA), 28 anavayazakumara, 7 anAthapaMDika, 289, 292, 337 juo sudatta anAthapiMDika anu, 289, 292, 296, 330 apratihata (rAjA), 29 abhayadevasUri, 24 abhIcI, 40 amoghavarSa (rAjA), 263 ariSTanemi, 98, 263 juo neminAtha

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368 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto arcata, 280. upaka, 255 arjuna (rAjA), upAdhyAya, baladeva (A.), 364 avantIputra (rAjA), 54 upAlI, 261, 289 azoka (rAjA), 38, 85, 269, 270, ( umA svAti / umAsvAmI, 22, 26, 27, - 281, 364, 365 128 azokacaMdra, 28, 29, 39, 43 juo ! urUvilhA-kAzyapa, 288 ajAtazatru, juo koNika/kuNika RSabhadatta, papa (rAjA) RSabhanAtha, 97, 98, ra63, 264 azvaghoSa, ra74, 338 RSidAsa, 7 azvajita (assaji), 288 elecyA, 39 asaMga (Arya), 277, 344, 349 kacayana, 6 asita (RSi), 282 kaTamoraka ( tisaka), 293 aMgAravatI (rANI), 32, 36, 41, 56 kaNAda (maharSi), 276, 279 aMgulimAla, 292 kaNAdagupta, 279 aMbaDa (parivrAjaka), 10 kaniSka, ra69-73 AtmArAmajI, 29, 68 kaniMgahAma, pa3 AnaMda (ziSya), 289, 290, 292, 295, ! kapilamuni, 14, 273, 275, 276 296, 330, 3pa7, 3pa9, 361 kamalazIla, 28. AnaMda (zrAvaka), 6, 4pa, pa6 karakaMDu (pratyekabuddha), 14 Apizavi, 262 ka, ra70, 271 AmrapAlI, 289, 295 kalyANarakSita, 280 ArabI, 6 kassa5, 330. ArkarAITa, 57 kaMsa (rAjA), 51 juo kAzIjitu Adraka (rAjA), 44 kAtaMtra, 263 AdrakakumAra, 5, 44 kAtyAyana (kAtyAyanIputra), 27, 272, ArdrakA (rANI), 44 273, 3pa3 Aryadeva, ra74, 275 kAmadeva (zrAvaka), 6, 41, 45 ALAra (AlAra/ArADa) kAlAma, 285- } kAla, 42 87, 296 kAladeva (zrAvaka), pa6 iMdrabhUti, 5, 8, 20, 76, 2pa8 juo kAlAzoka, 54, ra69 gautama (svAmI) kAlikumAra, 11 uttaradharma (sAdhu), 273 juo dharmottara kAlidAsa (kavi), 278 udayana udana, 6, 28, 30-35, 39, 40 kAlI (rANI), 7 juo vatsarAja kAlIdAyI, 289 udAyana / udAyI (rAjA), 28, 35, 36, 39, 40, 42-44, pa6 kAzIjituM. pa1 juo kaMsa (rAjA) uddaka / udraka (rAmaputra), 39, 285-87 kAzyapa, 262 udyotakara, 279 kibila, 289 udyotanasUri, 2papa kumArajIva, 274

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viSayasUci 369 kumAralabdha, 274 348, 349, 351, 355, 357, kumArila (tIrthika), 278, 279 3pa9, 361, 362 kurudattaputta, 6 -nAM anya nAmo : buddha, tathAgata, kuroda, 341 sugata, jina, dharmarAja, mArajituM, saMbuddha, kuMDakolika / kuMDagoLika (zrAvaka), 6, pa6 | zAkyamuni, 258, 287 kuMvarajIbhAI, 43 juo zAkyamuni kRSNa, 71 gautama (maharSi), 276 kezikumAra (muni), 45 gautama (svAmI), 5, 7, 11, 14, 15, kezI (gaNadhara), 10, 15 20, 44, 93 juo iMdrabhUti kokAlika, 293, 294 gautamI, 282, 290, 357 juo koTika, 255 juo susthita (AcArya) mahAprajApati koNika / kuNika (rAjA), 6, 10, 11, 28, ghoTakamukha, 16 29, 39-44 juo ajAtazatru, juo | caTTopAdhyAya, baMkimacaMdra, pa6, 58 azokacaMdra catra, 282, 284 kosaladevI, 30 caMDapradyota (rAjA), 28, 32, 33, 35, kauTilya, 16 36, 39-41, 44, pa0, pa3, pa6, kauzika, ra77 289 kauSThilya, 270 juo sAriputra caMdanabALA / caMdanA, 7, 39, 55, 26, kauDinya, 286, 288 8) khaMDadevIputta, 293 caMdra, 263 khaMdaya, pa caMdrakIrti, 274 khemA (rANI), ra0, 3pa7 caMdrakumAra, 7 gayA-kAzyapa, 288 caMdragupta (rAjA), ra1, 275 gAgalI, 44, 56 caMdragomin, 279 gArgyu, 262 caMdrasUri, 255 gAlava, 262 cAkavarmaNa, 262 guNaratnasUri, 227, 228, 301 cArudatta, 365, 366 gupta, zubhAkara, 363 cArvAka, 135, 138, 150, 151, 299, gopA, 282 301 govicaMdra, 279 citrasArathi (maMtrI), 45 gozAla saMkhaliputta, 6, pa6, 84, 85, 93, || ciMcA, 291 258, 261, 290 calaNIpitA (zrAvaka), 6, 4pa, pa6 gautama buddha, 29, 37-39, 45, 50-54, | cuddhazataka (zrAvaka), pa6 pa6, 59, 61, 65, 67, 69, 3, cuMDA, 295 220, 257-59, 261, 269-74, | ceTaka / ceDA (rAjA), 11, 28, 35, 37, 281, 282, 284-304, 307, . 39-45, 50, 51 309, 31.8, 314, 315, 317, | calaNA / cellaNA / cillaNA, 37, 39, 319, 325, 33, 332, 334, 42, 43 335, 337-39, 341, 345, 346, | jagacaMdrasUri, 2pa6,

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370 janaka (rAjA), 45, 51, 55 jamAli, 6, 56 jammukhAdaka, 309 jambusvAmI, 5, 20 jayaMtI, 6 jayAditya, 280 jAlikumara, 7 jAlIya, 302 jitazatru / jItazatru, (rAjA), 29, 41, 45, 55 jina, 280 jinadatta, 26 jinadattasUri, 255 jinabhaTa (AcArya), 26 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto trizalA, 39, 40 juo videhaditrA datta (rAjA), 29 datta, romezacaMdra, 73 jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa, 12, 19, 25 jinabhadrAcArya, 239 jinamitra, 280 jinavijaya (muni), 25, 27, 74, 75 jinezvarasUri, 255 jIrNa (zreSThi), 55 jIvaka, 289 jIvaNalAla amarazI, 270 jekaoNbI (yAkaoNbI), harmana (pro.), 37, 69, 96, 152, 258, 259, 261, 306 jeta, 289 jetAri (AcArya), 280 jainendra, 263 jaimini, 226, 276 josephAt, 362 jJAnazrI, 280 jyeSThA, 39 TAgora, ravIndranAtha, 75 DeviDsa, hAisa, 29, 50, 60, 63, 66, 343 tapusta, 287 tAtiyA, nathamala, 183 tArA, 279 tilaka, bAlagaMgAdhara, 264 tisaya, 6 dadhivAhana, 39-41, 44, 50 dakhkhasena, 51 dazArNabhadra (rAjA), 44, 56 dAnazIla, 280 dinAga / dignAga (bauddhAcArya), 26, 278, 279 dinnasUri (Arya), 22 dIgha-kArAyana / dIrghacArAyaNa, 294 dIpAMbAI, 256 dIrghasenakumAra, 7 durmukha (senAnI), 41 durlabha (rAjA), 255 durvAsA (RSi), 264 deva (vAcaka), 16, 22 devakSema / devazarmA, 270 devacaMdrasUri, 21 devadatta, 38, 289, 292-94, 330 devadattA, 35 devarkiMgaNi, 19, 22 devAnaMdA, 55, 60 droNa (brAhmaNa), 296, 297 draupadI, 6 dvimukha (pratyekabuddha), 14 dvivedI, maNilAla nabhubhAI (pro.) 152, 301 dhanA (zreSThi), 56 dhanAvaha (rAjA), 28 dhanya, 7 dhadivA, 357 dharmakIrti (AcArya), 278, 279 dharmaghoSa (maMtrI), 36, 41 dharmaghoSasUri, 19 dharmapAla, 278, 347 dharmakaradatta, 280 dharmottara, 24, 273 juo uttaradhamaM (sAdhu) dharmottarAcArya, 280

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viSayasUci 371 dhAraNI (rANI), 40, 42, 44, 50 { palhaviyA, 6 : dhAriNI (rANI), 10, 42 pasenAdi (rAjA), 30, 3, 54 juo dhuMdhumAra (rAjA), 36 agnidatta (rAjA) nagnati (pratyekabuddha), 14 pANini, 262, 263, 278, 3pa3 nami (pratyekabuddha), 14 pAdaliptasUri, 23-24 narasiMhasUri, rapa6 pArasI, 6 navIna (zreSThi), 55 pArzva (pUrNa), 271 nahuSa, 3pa8 pArzvanAtha, 5, 10, 15, 45, 85, 96, naMda, 257, 289 260, 261 naMda (rAjA), 21 pAlaka, 36pa niMdanIpitA / naMdinI pitA, 6, 56 pAlitta kavi, 23 juo pAdaliptasUri naMdivardhana (rAjA), 28, 39, 87, 257 pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana, 263 naMdiSeNa, 42, papa piThara, 44, pa6 nAgasena (AcArya), 352, 3pa3 piMDola (bhAradvAja), 291 nAgasena (pataMjali), 280 puSusa, 296 nAgArjuna, 274, 275, 346, 348,. pukrAti (rAjA), pa3 349, 3pa2, 3papa, 362 puSyamitra, 365 nAdI-kAzyapa, 288 pUraNakassapa (purANakAzya5), 290, 291 nAnaka, 137 pUrNa, 270 juo vasumitra nAbhi (rAjA), 264 peDhAlakumAra, 7 nArayaputta, 6 palaka, 7 nigUMTha nAtapura (nirgatha jJAtaputra), 290 poTilakumAra, 7 juo mahAvIra poTyapAda (sAdhu), 301-3 nimbArkAcArya, 226 poSThIputra, 7. niSaDhakumAra, 12 prajJAkaragupta, 280 nemicaMdra (rAjA), 274 pradezI (rAjA), 10, 45 neminAtha, 12, 15, 98, 256, 264 | pradyumna, 7 juo ariSTanemi pradyota / pradyotana (rAjA), 30-36, 39 nokAmutA, hAjImo, 297 juo pajjota . pakuddha kaccAyana (prakruddha kAtyAyana), 290 | prabhava (kSatriya), 20 pajjota (rAjA), 30, 31, 38 juo | prabhAcaMdrasUri, 10 pradyota / pradyotana (rAjA) prabhAvatI, 39 pataMjali, 214, 217, 276, 277, 298 | prasannacaMdra (rAjA), 28, 40, 44, 45, pa3, pAkumAra, 11 56 padmAvatI (rANI), 39, 40, 42, 50 juo ! prasenajita, 42, 289, 291, 294, 361 dhAraNI priyacaMdra (rAjA), 29 padmAvatI (sAdhvI), 9 priyadarzanA, pa6 paramAnanda kuMvarajI, 99. phAhiyAna, 274 paraMtapa (rAjA), 30 juo zatAnIka phUlITa (DaoN.), 271

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372 baraiyA, gopAladAsajI (paM.), 194 bala (rAjA), 29 balabhadrajI, 12 baliSaha, 23 badhujI, 256 bahAMlI, 6 bahula, 23 baMbhasAra, 28, 29, 39 juo biMbisAra, juo zreNika (rAjA) bAdarAyaNAcArya, 226 bArtha, 262 bArlAma (seinTa), 362 biMbA, 282 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto biMbisAra (rAjA), 11, 29, 30, 37-40, 42, 13, 54, 285, 338, 357, juo zreNika (rAjA) 288-93, bIla, 271 buddha juo gautama buddha buddhaghoSa, 270, 338, 340, 345 bulDara, 262 bRhadratha / bRhadazva, 365 bekana, 83, 86 besanTa, enI, 60, 74, 97 bodhisattva, 282, 283, 287 juo gautama buddha bodhisattva (AcArya), 280 zAntarakSita juo bhagu, 289 bhaDakara, hiramahAdeva (pro.), 265 bhaddakA (bhadrakRtyA), 282 bhadrapAlita, 278 bhadrabAhusvAmI, 11, 13, 15, 19-21 bhadrika / driya, 288, 289 bharata (rAjA), 11 bhatRhira, 264, 278, 279 bharSa (rAjA), 280 bhallika, 287 bhAradvAja, 262 16. bhAsa, 34 bhAskarAcArya, 226, 228 bhAMDArakara (DaoN.) 271, 312 bhIkhujI / bhIkhaNajI, 256 bhojadeva (rAjA), 274 madhvAcArya, 277 manaka, 13, 20 marudevI, 264 malayagirijI, 3, 11, 24 malavAdI, 24-25 mahipeNa, 280 mahAkAla, 42 mahAkAzyapa, 296 mahAkozala, 37 mahigira (Arya), 23 mahAnAma'', 288, 289, 294 mahAprajApati, 282, 357 juo gautamI mahAmati, 351 mahAvIrasvAmI / vI2, 4-6, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 24, 28-30, 32, 35, 36, 39-45, 51-57, 59-61, 65-93, 96-98, 135, 137, 25561, 265, 299 -nAM anya nAmo : niyaMthiputta, pokhali samaNovAsaga, dhammaghosa, saMkhambakhA, mokkha samaNovAsaga, sumaMgala, 5 juo vardhamAna mahAzataka, 6, 56 * vezAlIya, mahAzAla / mahAsAla (rAjA), 28, 44, 56 mahAmahinda / mahinda, 270 maMkhalaputta juo gozAla maMkhalaputta maMgu (Arya), 23 mAkAI gAthApita, cha mAguMdiyaputta, 6 mAtaMga (cAMDAla), 358 mAdhavAcArya, 228, 277 mAyAdevI, 282, 291 mAlikA, 294 juo vAsabha khattiyA

Page #402
viSayasUci 373 migAra, 289 rAmacaMdrajI, pa3, 71, 263 mitranaMdI (rAjA), 29 rAmaputra, 7 mitraprabha (caMdraprabha), 36, 41 rAmAnujAcArya, 226, 277 mileMDara / milinda (rAjA), upara, 353 rAya zaracaMdra, 274 mizra, rAjendralAla (DaoN.) 263 rAvaNa, 71, 3pa8 muktakuMbha, 280 rAhula, 282, 284, 289, 292, 330 muraMdI, 6 rAhuvarNa, 279 mRgAvatI, 32, 35, 36, 39, 40, pa6 roha, 5 maeNkaDonela (pro.), 262 rohiNaya (cora), pa6, meksamUlara (pro.), 227 lalitacaMdra (rAjA), 279 megAsthanIsa, pa3 lAmAM, tArAnAtha, 274 meghakumAra, 6, 42, papa lAMtakapitA (zrAvaka), pa6 maitreya, 277 levI, sIlvana, 62, 271 maitreya / maitreyanAtha, 344 laeNsana, 2pa8, 262, 271 mogdalAna / maudUgalyAyana, 27, 288, | loMkA, 2pa6 290, 291, 294, 295, 330, ! vajirA, 30 3pa7 vajasvAmI, 21 yamAri, 280 vatsarAja, 28, 33, 34 juo udayana yazas, 288 vanapAla (rAjA), 28 yazodA, 257 varadatta (muni), 36, 37, 41 yazodharA, rapa7, 282, 284, 289, 3pa7 vararuci, 280 yazobhadra, 20 vardhamAna, 19, 93, 97, 258 juo yazomatI, 44, 56 mahAvIrasvAmI yazovatI, 282 varSakAra (maMtrI), ra94, 295 yazovijayajI, 213 valkalacIrI, 44, 45 yAkinI mahattarA, 26 vallabhAcArya, 226, 277 yuena svAMga, 347 juo huena-cAMga / vaziSTha, 263 haina sAMga vasubaMdhu, 273, 277, 278, 344 rakSitasUri (Aya), 16, 22 vasumatI, 4). raghunAthajI, 256 vasumitra, 270, 271 juo pUrNa ratnaprabhasUri, 280 vasyakAra, 38 ratnavaja, 280 vahalakumAra, 7 ratnAkarazAMti, 280 vaMka, pa1 rathanemi, 13, 15 vApraja, 280 ravigupta, 280 vAcaspati-mizra, ra79, 349 sala, pache. vAyubhUti, 76, rAjacaMdra, 131, 134 vASpa (vApa), 288 rAjimatI, 13, 15 vAbha khariyA, 37, 294 juo mAlikA rAma (udrapitA), 39 vAsavadatta (rAjA), 29

Page #403
374 vAsuladattA, 30, 32 vikrama (zakAra), 23 vikramAditya (pahelo), 278 vijaya (rAjA), 28 vijesiMha, 269 vidAbha, 30, 37, 38, 294 juo viruddhaka videhadizA, 40 juo trizalA videhaputta, 6 vidyAnaMda, 279 vidyAbhUSaNa, satIzacaMdra (DaoN.), 24, 274, 276, 277, 280 vinItadeva, 279 vinTaraniTjha, 10-12, 18 vimalacaMdra, 279 vimaLa (maMtrI), 256 viruddhaka, 294 juo vidudAbha vizAkhA, 289, 357 vizvAmitra, 358 viSNuvardhana (kubja), 278 vihalla, 39, 41, 42 vI2 juo mahAvIrasvAmI vIrakRSNamitra (rAjA), 28 vIrabhadragaNi, 20 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto vRddhavAdI, 23, 24 vedavyAsa / vyAsamuni, 263, 265 vebara, 12, 262 voTa, 57 zakapAla, 21 zakaDAlaputra, 6 zatavAha, 274 juo sAha zAni(nI)ka, 6, 28, 30, 35, 36, 39, 40, 44, 50 juo paraMtapa zabdAlaputra (zrAvaka), 56 za(sa)thaMbhavasUri, 13, 20 zarvilaka, 365, 366 zaMkarAcArya, 226, 277, 335, 346 zaMkarAnaMda, 280 zAkaTAyana, 262, 263 zAkalpa, 262 zAkiya, 30 zAkyamuni, 57, 273, 276, 281, 330 juo gautama buddha zAntarakSita, (AcArya) 280 juo bodhisattva zAntiprabha (zAMtideva ?), 274 zAla / sAla (rAjA), 28, 44, 56 zAlinapitA, 6 zAlibhadra, pa6 zAstrI, haraprasAda, 364, 366 zAstrI, hIrAnaMda, 98 zAMti zreNika, 22 zivA (rANI), 35, 39 zizunAga (rAjA), 54 zIla (rAjA), 280 zIlabhadra (AcArya), 278, 347 zuddhodana (rAjA), 282, 289, 290, 294, 357 zelI, 70 zopanahAra, 281 zyAmAcArya (Arya), 10 zrIlabdha, 274 zreNika (rAjA), 6, 7, 11, 28, 29, 34, 35, 39-43, 50, 56, 285 juo biMbisAra, juo baMbhasAra zvapAka (caMDAla), 78 zveta (rAjA), 28 saccaka, 385 juo agniverasana satyavijayajI, 257 sAha, 274 juo zatavAha saprabuddha, 282 samaMtabhadra (AcArya), 255 samudradatta, 293 saraha, 274 sarvajJamitra, 280 sarvadevasUri, 255 sasaMka (rAjA), 346 sahassANiya, 6

Page #404
viSayasUci saMghadAsaNa, 16 saMghabhadra, 273 saMghamittA, 270 saMjaya (parivrAjaka), 288 saMjaya (belaTTiputta), 67, 290 saMprati (rAjA), 21 saMbhUtivijaya, 20 sAtavAhana, 23 juo hAla sAmahatyi AnaMda, 6 sAriputra, 270, 288-90, 294, 295, 309, 330, 357 juo kaukhilya sAlavatI, 289 siddhasena divAkara, 23, 24, 189 siddhArtha, 257, 282, 357 juo gautama buddha siddhArtha (mahAvIrapitA), 39, 55, 257 siMha (rAjA), 280 siMha kSamAzramaNa, 24, 261, 359 sugupta (maMtrI), 40 sujAtA, 287 sujyeSThA, 39 sujhukI, DI. (pro.), 346 sudatta anAthapiMDika, anAthapiMDika sudaya, 278 sudharmAsvAmI (gaNadhara), 5, 10, 20, 261 sunakbatta, 6 sunakSatra, 7 sunItha, 295 supratibuddha, 292 389 juo subhadra, 296 sumanA, 37 surAdeva, 6, 56 surezvarAcArya, 279 suzIla (rA.) 30, 31, 73, 76, 81 susthita (AcArya), 255 juo koTika suhastisUri (Arya), 21 suMdarI, 292 sUryakAMtA (rANI), 45 sUryAbhadeva, 10 senaka, 262 seniya, 284 somacaMdra (rAjA), 44, 45 somaprabhasUri, 19 skandilAcArya (Arya), 21, 22 sTIvansana, 57 sTenalI, 57 sthiramati (AcArya), 279, 344 sthUlabhadra, 21 spensara, 28, 70 skoTAyana, 262 smitha, vinseTa, 271, 364, 366 hirakezabAla (sAdhu), 14, 78 hirabhadrasUri, 18, 25-27, 68, 205, 227, 228, 301 harSa, 280 harSavardhana, 280 hala, 39, 41, 42 hastipALa (rAjA), 45, 56 375 haeNTa, 262 hAla, 23 juo sAtavAhana hirekTiTasa, 343 huena-syAMga / shena sAMga, 273, 274, 277 juo yuena-svAMga hemacaMdrAcArya / hemAcArya, 21, 29, 32, 43, 47, 48, 51, 63, 97, 144, 180 hosaMga (mahAyAna), 280

Page #405
376 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto 2. sthaLanAmo acirAvatI nadI, 54 ujajayana / ujjayaNa / ujjana / aNahillapura, rapapa ujjayinI / ujeNI, 23, 28, 30, anAma, 362 32, 35, 36, 38, 39, 44, 54 anArya deza, 48-50, 55, 89 ujjayaMta, 256 juo giranAra, juo apApApurI. te pApApurI, 45, 47, papa, pa6 revatAcala juo pAvApurI uDradeza, 48 aphagAnistAna, pa3, 362 utkala / orIsA, 278, 287 amalakalpA, 28 urUla (lA) / urUvilvA, 286, 288, ayodhyA, pa3, 277, 278 3pa9 arapAka deza, 48 uluMbhA, 30 arbudAcala (Abu), 255, 256 uSmAkagAma, papa allakappa, 45, 296, 297 jupAlikA nadI, papa avaMtI (rAjya), 30, 33-36, 44, 49, RSabhapura, 28 pa0, pa2-54 odaMtapura vihAra, 280 asinadI, pa3 kakutthA nadI, 296 asthikagAma, 54 juo vardhamAnanagara kaccha (no akhAta), pa3, 24, 255 asmakadeza, pa0, pa3 kadalIsamAgama gAma, papa ahicchatrAnagarI, 46, 47 kanakapura, 29 aMgadeza, 44, 46, 7, 49, pa0, pa3, | kanoja, para 292 kapilavastu, 45, 258, 281, 289, 22, aMdha / AMdhra, 48, 49, 271, 278 294, 296, 297 juo padIrA aMbatyikA, 295 kalakattA, 256 Amravana, 295 kaliMga, 46, 47, 49, 271 AraTTadeza, 49 kasuMbaka, papa Adraka (deza), 44 kaMcaNapura, 46 juo kAMcanapura ArToikanagara, 44 kaMTAliyA gAma, ra56, Adeza, 46, 47, pa0, 89 kaMdahAra, pa3 juo gaMdhAra AryAvarta, 71 kaMboja, pache, para AlabikAnagarI, papa, pa6 kAThiyAvADa, pa2, 54, 2papa-2pa7 AlAvI, 292 kAmadeza, 48 AvartagAma, papa kAverI, 48, 49 ijipta, pa9 kAzI (deza), 6, 28, 4pa-47, 50, 51 isipatana (RSipattana), 303 kAzI (nagara), 29, 30, 4pa-41, pa0, iMgleMDa, pa7 pa6, 288, 289, 303 ju indraprastha, para juo gajapura vANArasI, juo banArasa IrAna, pa9, 362 kAzamIra, pa3, 26,9, 271, 273, 274 - ucchApurI, 48 kAzyapa, 48, 49

Page #406
viSayasUci 377 kAMcanapura, 47 juo kaMcaNapura kauzI nadI, 49 kAMcI, 48, 49, 278 kacaka, 48 kAMcIpura / kAMjIvaram, 278, 347 kSatriyakuMDa grAma, 28, 24, papa kAMDilyapura (kapila), 46, 47, para, pa3, khasa, 48 pa6 khArAgoDA, 54 kirAta, 48 khAsika, 48 kuNAla, 46, 40, 49, pa1 kherAlu, 256 kurudeza, 46, 7, 50, para gajakarNa, 48 kurmAragAma (kumAra), 54, papa gajapura, 46, 47, para juo draprastha kulakSa, 48 gajamukha, 48 kuzAgrapura, 42 gayA, 286, kuzArtaka (kuzAvarsa) deza, 46, 47 gaMgA nadI, 43, pa0, 51, pa3-55, 279, kuzinagara / sinArA, 45, para, 258, 292, 295 296, 297 gaMDaka nadI, pa1 kusumapu2, 22 juo pATaliputra, juo paTaNA gaMdhAra, 50, pa3, 277 juo kaMdahAra, juo kuMca, 48 - pezAvara kuMDagrAma, 39 giranAra, 256, 264 juo ujajayaMta, kuMDaka gAma, pa5, 258 juo revatAcala kuMDalavanavihAra, ra69 gujarAta | gurjaradeza, 45, 5ra, 255, 2pa7 pikAgAma, papa gRdhrakUTa parvata, 293 kUrmagrAma, papa gokuLagAma, papa kRtamaMgaLanagara, papa goDradeza, 48 kRSNAnadI, ra74 godAvarI nadI, pa3 kekaya, 48 gorakhapura, pa1 ketakAddhaka, 46, 47 gorakhapura (jillo), 281 kelavA, 256 grAmaka gAma, papa kesaputta, 45 grIsa, pala kaikayAddha deza, 45 caMdradvIpa (beTa), 279 koTigrAma, 295 caMpAnagarI | caMpApurI, 10, 28, 29, 36, koTavarSanagara, 46-48 . 40, 41, 43-47, 50, pa3, 55, 26 koriyA, ra71, 361 caMpAnadI, pa0, pa3 kolAkagAma, pa4-56 cAlikA, 292 kozala deza, 6, 28-30, 37, 46, 7, | cAvAla, papa pa0, 51, pa3, 54, 289, 294 | cIna, 48, para, 59, ra70, 271, 274, kosAMbI / kauzAMbI / kosaMbI, 6, 28, 361, 362 30, 31, 33-36, 30, 40, 44, | cuka, 48 46, 47, 49, 50, para, pa3, pa5, | cUDAmaNi deza, ra78 pa6, 277, 291, 302 ceTi / cedI deza, 46-48, 50, para koMkaNa, 48, 49 | coDa / cola deza, 208

Page #407
378 corAka gAma, paya janakapura, 51 jamanA nadI, 30, 52, 53 jaMgala, 46, 47 jaMbukhaMDa gAma, 55 jaMbudvIpa kSetra, 10, 11, 45, 46 jApAna, 271, 361, 362 jAlaMdha2, 271 jAvA beTa, 61 jUnAgaDha, 256 z2abhakagAma, 55 jetavana, 289, 292 jodhapura maMDala, 256 TelIgrAma, 255 Dombilika, 48 takkazilA / takSazilA / takSilA, 37, 53, 274, 289 tamisrA guhA, 43 tAmralipti nagara, 46, 47 tAraMgAjI pahADa, 256 tibeTa, 271, 274, 280, 361, 362 tihata deza, 54 turaMgAjamukha, 48 turkistAna, 362 tuMbAkagAma, 55 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto narmadA nadI, 49 naMdipura, 46, 47 naMdIgrAma, 55 nADikA, 295 nAlaMda / nAlaMdA / naNaMda, 274, 277-80, 295, 347 niraMjanA nadI, 287 juo phalgu nadI nepAla, 21, 51, 52, 54, 271, 361, teliMgana, 278 trimalaya (deza), 278 dhUNA, 49 dakSiNApatha, 49 dazArNadeza, 44, 46-48 dazArNanaga2, 44, 56 dilhI, 52, 271 dRDhabhUmi, 55, 89 delavADA, 256 devarASTra, 48, 49 dravali (drAviDa ?), 279 draviDa, 48 dvArAvatI / drArAmatI / dvArakA / kAravatI, 46, 47, 52 362 nyagrodhikA, 22 paTaNA, 21, 22, 54 juo pATaliputra, juo kusumapura patnaNadeza, 48 padIrA, 281 juo kapilavastu parlDava, 201 parvakALa, 15 paMcAla, 46, 47, 50, 53 juo pAMcAla paMjAba, 53, 274 pATaliputra, 21, 22, 29, 43, 54, 269, 295, 364 365 juo paTaNA, juo kusumapura pArasa, 48 pArasanAtha hila, 256 juo sametazikhara pArvatagiri, 274 pAlaka grAma, 55 pAlItANA, 23, 256 pAvA, 295-97 pAvApurI, 45-48, 52, 56, 256, 258 juo apApApurI pAMcAla, 47, 52 juo paMcAla pAMDava parvata, 285 piphalIvana, 45, 297 purimatAla, papa purivaTTA / purIvartA, 46-48 pulAsapura, 28 puliMda, 48 puMDarIka, 256 juo zetruMjaya pUrNakalazagAma, 55 pRSThacaMpAnagarI, 55, 56

Page #408
viSayasUci 379 bhogapUrI, papa magadha (rAjya), 11, 21, 29, 30, 34, 35, 37-39, 42, 46, 47, 49-51, pa3-papa, 271, 278, 280, 284, 286, 289, 3pa9 matsya (maccha) deza, 46-50, para mathurA | madhurAnagarI, 21, 22, 46-48, peDhALA gAma, papa, 89 pezAvara, 277 juo gaMdhAra potanapura / poTali, 28, 41, 44, pa3, pa6, polAzapura, pa6 pau, 49 phallu nadI, 287 juo niraMjanA nadI banArasa, pa3 juo kAzI (nagara), juo vANArasI bardavAna, 256 barbaradeza, 48 bali TApu, 61 balucistAna, 362 bahuzALa gAma, papa baMga (vaMga), 46, 47, 49 baMgAla, 278, 279, 362 bibhelagAma, papa bihAra, pa0 bukkasa, 48 buddhagayA, 288 busAyara, 361 beuva, 295 bodhivRkSa, 287 brahmadeza, 271, 326, 329, 355, 362 brAhmaNagrAma, papa brAhmaNakuMDa gAma, papa bhaga, para bhakilapura / bhadrila, 46, 47, papa bhadrikApurI, papa bhamarUta, 48 bharatakSetra, 49 bharUccha (bharUca), 54 bhagaMdeza, 291 bhaMga, 46, 47 bhAgalapura, pa0, 53 bhAratavarSa, 11, 29, 45, 46, 56-58, 74, 75, 274, 298 bhilla, 48 bhUtAna, 361 maddo, pa4 madrAsa ilAko, 278 marUmaMDaLa, pa6 malaya, 46, 47 mallA, pI mahAkozala, 274 mahApura, 29 mahAvana, 295 mahAsenavana, papa maMcUriyA, 361 maMDikIkA nadI, papa mAravADa, 2pa7 mAlava / mAlavika, 48-50, ra79 mAsa deza, 46, 47 mithilAnagarI, 30, 4pa-47, 21, 54-56 mujDa deza, 48 mRgavana, 287, 303 mRttikAvatI (matiyAvaI), 44, 46-48 meDhaka gAma, papa, pa6 morAka gAma, 54 moMgoliyA, 271, 361 yavana daza, 48 yaSTivana, 288 rAjagRha / rAjagira, 28-30, 35, 38, 39, 41-43, 46, 43, pa0, 51, pa3-56, 256, 269, 284, 288-95, 297, 330 rAmagA(grA)ma, 45, 296, 297 rAmapura, 361 revatAcala, rapa6, 264 juo ujjayaMta, juo giranAra

Page #409
38) jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto roma, pa9, 362 vaidya, 49 romaka, 48 vaibhAragiri, pa6 rorUka (rorUva), 54 virATa (vaIrADa) nagarI, 46, 47, 52 rohiNI nadI, 290 vaizAlI (zAli), 11, 28, 30, rUpa, lakusa, 48 37-46, pa0, pa1, 54, 55, 258, laMkA, 279, 345, 355, 362 261, 26, 285, 286, 289, lATa (lADha), 46, 47, 49, papa 290, 294-97, 360 juo lAgalagAma, papa. vizAlAnagarI laMbinIvana, 281, 282 vrajabhUmi, papa lohArgalagAma, papa zakadeza, 48 vaDodarA, 265 zakala, 277 vaNijaka / vANijaka (gAma), 45, 55, pa6 ! zabaradeza, 48 vatsa / vasA | vaMzadeza, 44, 46, 47, zAlizIrSagAma, papa 50, para, pa3 zAMDilya (aMDilla), 46, 47 varaNa nadI, pa3 zaktimatI / zuktikAvatI (sonniyamai), varADa, 274 juo vidarbha 46-48, pa2 varuNa deza, 40, 48 zuddhabhUmi, papa vareThA, 256 zUrasenadeza, 22, 46, 47, 50, pa2, 53 vaddhamAnanagara, 54 juo asthikagAma zetruMjaya, 256, 264 juo puMDarIka, juo valabhIpura, 22 vimalAcala, juo siddhAcala vANArasI, 4pa-47, pa1, pa3, 55 juo | zrAvastInagarI, 10, 30, 45, 47, 148, - kAzI (nagara), juo banArasa 54-56, 289-92, 294, 361 juo vArendra / vAlendra, 279, 280 sAvathI vAlukagrAma, papa zrIlaMkA, 361 juo silona, juo vijayapura, 29 siMhaladvIpa, vidarbha, 274 juo varADa zvetAMbI (zvetAMbikA) nagarI, 45-48, papa videha (deza), 40, 45-47, 21, 54 pamAnigAma, papa vimalAcala, 264 juo zetruMjaya salaeNtra gAma, papa vizAlA vizAlI) nagarI, 42, 51, para, samataTa, 278 pa5, juo vaizAlI (vezAli) sametazikhara, 2pa6 juo pArasanAtha hila viMdhyAcala parvata, 50 sayUnadI, pa3 vItabhayanagara | vItabhayapaTTana, 28, 35, saMkalsa, pa4 - 36, 39, 40, 44, 46-48 saMyeno vivAra, 280 vIrapuranagara, 28 sAketapura, 29, 46, 47, pa1, 54 veNAtaTa pura, 42 sAgala (nagara), 54 veNuvana, 288, 292 sAnuyaSTika grAma, papa vethadIpa, 296, 297 sAvatthI, 30, 30, 46, 48, 49, 51, vejA (vairati-vairaMta), ra92 54 vaitADhyagiri, 43 sikima, 361

Page #410
viSayasUci siddhAcala, 256 juo zetruMjaya siddhArthapura, 55 siyAma, 271, 355, 362 siriyATI, 256 silona, 326, 361 juo zrIlaMkA, juo | saugaMdhikanagarI, 29 siMhaladvIpa saurI(saurya)pura, 47 sauvIra(sovIra)deza, 46, 47, 49, 54 siMdhu (deza), 35, 44, 46, 47, 49 siMdhu nadI, 49, 53 siMhaladvIpa, 270, 361, 362 juo zrIlaMkA, juo silona siMhavakatra, 278 sughoSanagara, 29 suppAraka, 54 sumaMgaLa gAma, 55 surata, 54 surabhipura, papa agrAyaNIpUrva, 8 aGaguttaranikAya, 261 ajIvakalpa, 20 adnakathA, 270 atharvaveda, 60, 64, 137, 138 anuttaropapAtikadazAH sUtra, 7 anuyogadvAra, 16, 19, 22 anuyogaddArasUtravRtti, 26 anekAntajayapatAkA (svopajJa sahita), 26 anekAntavAda praveza, 26 abhidhammaTThasaMgraha, 309 abhidhammapiTaka, 269, 272, 279 abhidharmakoza, 273 abhidharmajJAnaprasthAnazAstra, jJAnaprasthAnazAstra abhidharma(mahA)vibhASA, 345, 353 abhidharmasamayardIpikA, 273 abhisamayAlaMkAra, 344 amaHstava, 275 273 juo 272, 273, surASTra / suraTTa / saurASTra, 46-49, 52 susamArapura, 36, 55 susumAra parvata, 45, 52 saibIriyA, 361 sphuNAka, 55 svarNakhala, 55 hayakarNa, 48 3. kRtinAmo havamukha, 48 hiravugAma, 55 hastizIrSa (nagara), 28 himAlaya parvata, 28, 44 hiMdusthAna, 49, 59, 60, 257 hUNadeza, 48, 49 arlI hisTrI oNv inDiyA, 364, 366 avandhya-kalyANapUrva, 9 aSTaprakaraNo, 26 aSTasahasikA, 279 aSTasAhasika prajJApAramitA, 272 astinAstipravAda pUrva, 8 aMgacUliyA, 20 aMgavidyA, 20 aMtakRtadazAHsUtra, 7, 12 AcArAMga niyukti, 20 AcArAMga sUtra, 3, 4, 12, 20 AturapratyAkhyAna, 18, 20 AtmapravAda pUrva, 9, 13 AtmasiddhizAstra, 134 AdikamaMracanA, 363 AdityapurANa, 48 381 ArAdhanApatAkA, 20 Arya darzanono saMkSipta itihAsa', 276, 277 AlaMbanaparIkSA, 278

Page #411
382 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto AlaMbanaparIkSAnI vRtti, 278 zAstra AlaMbana-pratyaya-dhyAnazAstra vyAkhyA, 278 kriyAvizAla pUrva, 9 Avazyaka niryukti, 20 kSAmaNAsUtra (pAkSikakSAmaNAsUtra), 19 Avazyaka sUtra, 12, 19 kSetravicAra, 23 AvazyakasUtra bRhadravRtti, 26 gacchAcAra, 20 itivRttaka, 3pa9 gaNividyA, 19 uttaramImAMsA para TIkA, 277 gaNezapurANa, 264 uttaramImAMsA sUtra, 226 juo brahmasUtra gaMDabhRha, 272 uttarAdhyayana niryukti, 20 gAthAsattasaI, 23 uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 12, 13-15, 19, 20 gRhasthavicAra, 172 utpAdapUrva 8 gotama buddha, 297 upadezapadaprakaraNa, ra6 catuH zataka, 275 upAyakauzalya, 275 catuH zaraNa, 18 upAsakadazAH sUtra, 6, 7, 12 caMdraprajJapti, 11, 12 uvavAIsutta juo aupapAtika (uvavAI) caMdravedhyaka, 18 sUtra caMdravyAkaraNa, 280 uvasaggahara, 21 cittavizuddhi prakaraNa, 27pa Rgvada, 6, pa9, 60, 98, 263 cudhavacca, 269, 282 RSibhASita, 20. cUlikA, 10 RSibhASita niyukti, 20 chAMdogyopaniSad, 64, 304 aitareya upaniSada (AraNyaka), 63-65 jagatyatRtvamImAMsA, 194 aitareya brAhmaNa, 263 jaMbUdvIpa prajJapti, 11, 12 oghaniryukti, 12, 16, 20 juo jaMbUdvIpa samAsa prakaraNa, 23 piMDaniryukti jaMbUtrA, 20 papAtika (vivAI)sUtra, 10, 12 jAtakagraMtha, pa0, para, 269 kaThopaniSadu, 64 jinacarita, 19 kathAkoSa, 26 jItakalpasUtra, 19, 25 kathAvattha, 347 jIvavibhakti, 20 kampavaDaMsiyA (kalpAvataMsikA)sUtra, 11, 12 jIvAjIvavibhakti paranI niyukti, 15 kapriyA (kalpikA)sUtra, 11, 12 jIvAbhigama sUtra, 10, 12 kalpasUtra, 17, 19, 60 juo paryuSaNAkalpa, jaina tattvAdarza, 68 juo bArasAsUtra jena dharmaprakAza', 43 kalyANamaMdira stavana, 24 jaina dharma viSayaka praznottara, 29 kaddhavaga, 271 'jena philaoNsophI ina iTsa rilezana Tu kavaca prakaraNa, 20 brAhmanima', 15ra kAdaMbarI, 58 jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, 22, 27 kAzikAvRtti, 280 jJAtAdharmakathAMgasUtra, 6, 12 kaivalyopaniSada, 137 jJAnapravAdapUrva, 9 kozakArakazAstra, 273 juo nyAyAnusAra 1 jJAnaprasthAna (zAstra), 290, 273, 353

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viSayasUci 383 jJAnaprasthAnazAstra paranI moTI TIkA, 3pa3 | devendrastava, 19 juo mahAvibhASA dvAtrizikA (batrIza), 24 jJAnArNava, 214 dvIpasAgaraprajJapti, 20 jyotiSa para saMhitA, 21 dhammapadasutra, 13, 30, 269, 306, 3rapa, jyotikaraMDa, 20 344, 360 jayotikaraMDaka para TIkA, 24 dharmabindu prakaraNa, 26 tattvasaMgrahakArikA, 280 dharmasaMgrahaNI prakaraNa, 26 tattvasaMgrahapaMjikA, 280 dharmaskaMdha, 270 tattvArthasUtrabhASyaTIkA, 170 dharmAdharmatA tribhaMga, 344 tattvArthAdhigamasUtra / tattvArthasUtra, 22, 23, dharmottara Tippanaka, 280 128, 153 dhAtukAya, 270 tattvArthAdhigamasUtra paranuM bhASya, 22 dhUrtAkhyAna, 26, 27 tathAgata guhyaka, 272 dhyAnazataka, 12, 25 taraMgavatI, 278 nayakarNikA, 237 takenyAya, 279 juo vAdanyAya cakra, 24 tarkazAstra, ra78 nayacakra para TIkA, 24 taMdu vaicArika, 18 naMdInI vRtti, 3 tithiprakIrNaka, 20 naMdIsUtra, 16, 19, 22 tIrthodgAra, ra0 naMdIsUtranI cUrNi, 22 tepiTaka, 269, 270, 272 juo tripiTaka naMdIsUtra laghuvRtti, ra6 taitarIya upaniSada, 64, 65 nivaNa kalikA, 23 trikAlaparIkSA, ra78 nizItha (laghunizItha), 16, 19 tripiTaka / tipiTaka, 269, 270, 278, nizItha cUrNi, 49 282, 283, 286, 302, 330, 286, 302, 330, | nyAyapraveza, 278 juo tepiTaka nyAyapraveza sUtra para vRtti, 26 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, 36, 43, 47, nyAyabiMdu-TIkA, 24 nyAyabiMdu pUrvapakSe saMkSipta, 280 theravAda, 269, 27, juo sthaviravAda nyAyasiddhAnta muktAvalI, 1pa3 - therAvali, 19 nyAyAnusAra zAstra, 273 juo kozakAraka therIgAthA, 269, 3pa7 zAstra dakSiNAmUrti-sahastranAma, 263 nyAyAlokasiddhi, 280 daza-bhUmivistAra, 272 nyAyAvatAra, 24 dazavaikAlika paranI niyukti, 13, 16, 20 | padmapurANa, 277 dazavaikAlika sUtra, 12, 13, 16, 19, 20, ! paryatArAdhanA, 20 2papa paryuSaNAkalpa, 17, 19 juo kalpasUtra, dazavaikAlika sUtra para vRtti, ra6 juo bAramAsUtra dazAzrutaskaMdha, 16, 19, 20 paMcakalpasUtra, 16, 18 dazAzrutaskaMdha niryukti, 200 paMcakalpasUtra para bhASya, 16 daSTivAda, 3, 8, 10, 12, 21 | paMcavastu prakaraNa-TIkA, ra6

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384 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto paMcasUtraprakaraNa-TIkA, 26 paMcAzaka prakaraNo, 26, pAkSikasUtra, 19 pANini vyAkaraNa para bhASya, 280 pANini vyAkaraNa para bhedAvRtti, 208 pAtaMjaladarzana, 315, 3ra4 : pAtaMjala yogasUtra, 19, 198, 201, 202, 207, 213, 298 piMDaniryukti, 12, 16, 20 juo oghaniryukti piMDavizuddhi, 20 (e) pIpa Indu dhI ala hisTrI oNvuM inDiyA, 312 puphiyA (puSpikA) sUtra, 11, 12 puSphaculiyA (puSpacUlikA), 11-1ra pUjAprakaraNa, 23 pUrvamImAMsA sUtra, 226 pUrvo, 3, 8, 10, 20, 21 prakaraNa AryavAcA, 344 prakaraNapAda, 270 prajJatizAstra, 270 prajJApanAsUtra, 10-12 prajJApanA (sUtra)-TIkA, 23 prajJApanAsUtra pradeza vyAkhyA, ra6 prajJApAramitA, 274, 362 prajJApAramitAnI TIkA, 274, 348 pratijJAyaugaMdharAyaNa, 34 pratyakSa pramANa vyAkhyA, 279 pratyAkhyAnavAda pUrva, 9, 13 prabhAvaka caritra, 10, 24 prabhAsapurANa, 264 pramANa vArtikakArikA, 279 pramANa vArtikavRtti (dharmakIrtikRta), 279 pramANa vArtikavRtti (raviguptakRta), 280 pramANa vidhvaMsana, 275 pramANa vinizcaya, 279 pramANazAstrapraveza, 278 pramANasamuccaya, 278 pramANasamuccayavRtti, 278 pravacanubhASya, 277 pravAsI', 364 prazamarati, 23 prazravyAkaraNadazA, 7-8, 12 prANAyuH (prANAvAya) pUrva, 9 bArasA sUtra, 19 juo kalpasUtra, juo paryuSaNAkalpa bindusAra pUrva, 9 buddhacarita, 282, 283, 286, 338 buddhanA saMvAdo, 63 buddhisTa inDiyA, 29 bRhatkalA niryukti, 20 bRhatkalpasUtra, 16-17, 19, 20 bRhakSetrasamAsa, 25 bRhatsaMgrahiNI, 25 bRhadAraNyaka (upaniSadu), 64, 65, 304, 319 bRhadAraNya vArtika, 279 bRhadravyasaMgraha, 154 bodhicaryAvatAra, 274, 340 bodhisattvacaryAnirdeza, 275, 277 bauddhadarzanamImAMsA, 364 bauddha bhArata, pI bauddhAyanasUtra, 310 brahma-mamathana-yukti-hetu-siddhi, 275 brahmasUtra, 226, 263juo uttaramImAMsAsUtra bhaktaparijJA, 18 bhaktAmarastotra, 137 bhagavatIsUtra, 5-6, 12 juo vyAkhyA prajJaptisUtra bhagavadgItA, 61, ra12, 231, 304, - 310, 319, 3pa0 bharatezvara-bAhubali vRtti, 36 bhAgavata (zrIma), 246, 249 bhArata, 16 juo mahAbhArata bhAratavarSa meM devatAoM kI pratimAo kA pUjana kaba se calA ?', 98 majijhamAnikAya, ra61, 269, 27) madhyAntavibhaMga (madhyAntavibhAga), 344

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viSayasUci 385 madhyAntAnugama zAstra, 344 manusaMhitA, 365 manusmRti, 264, 312 maraNasamAdhi, 20 mahAnizItha, 16, 1.8 mahAparinivaNasUtra, 350 mahApratyAkhyAna, 19 mahAbhArata, pa3, 58, 60, 61, 249, 262, 31.8, 3pa3, 365 juo bhArata mahAbhASya, 365 mahAyAna uttarataMtra, ha44 mahAyAna saMparigraha, 344 mahAyAna strAlaMkAra, 344, 349, 3pa0 mahAvacca (graMtha), 261, 269, 287, 309, 314 mahAvibhASA, 353 juo jJAnaprasthAna zAstra paranI moTI TIkA "mahAvIra', 75 mahAvIracaritra, 29, 32, 43, pa, 63 (zrI) mahAvIra jIvanavistAra, 90 mahAmAsUtra, 275, 277 mahimnastotra, 264 mAdhyamika kArikA, ra75, 355 mAdhyamika zAstra, 346, 355 milinda paha, 34 munimaticaritra, 27 mRcchakaTika, 365 meghadUta, 278 'moDarna rivyu', 61. yajurveda, 6, 98, 262, 263 yatijItakalpa, 19 yazodhacaritra, 27, 93 yuktiSaNikA kArikA, ra7pa yogadaSTisamuccaya, 26, 202, 205, ra07, 208 yogabi6, 26, 182, 24, 279, 210, 212 yogavAziSTha, ra6 3 yogazAstra, 148, 214, 116 yogasUtra, 214, 263, 298, 304, 316, 333 . yogAcAra bhUmizAstra, 344 yoniprAbhRta, 20 rAjataraMgiNI, ra74 rAmAyaNa, 16, pa3, 28, 26 2, 36pa rAyapAseNI (rAjaprazrIya sUtra, 10, 12 lalitavistara, 272 lalitavistarA, 26 laMkAvatAra sUtra, ra72, 275, 3pa1, 3papa lokatattvanirNaya, ra6 vaggacUliyA, 20. (dha) varlDa esa vila enDa AIDiyA, 281 'vasaMta', 49 vasudevacarita, 21 vaMdittasUtra, 19 vAjasaneya saMhitA, 325 vAdanyAya, 279 juo tarkanyAya vAdanyAyavRtti viracitArtha, 280 vigraha vyAvartanI kArikA, 275 vigraha vyAvartanI vRtti, 275 vijesiMhano mahAvaMza, 269 vijJaptimAtratAsiddhi, 347 vijJaptimAtratAsiddhizAstra vyAkhyA, ra78 vijJAnakAya, 27) vidyAnuvAda pUrva, 9 vinayapiTaka, pa0, 269, 270, 272, 282 vinayavibhASA, ra7ra vipAkasUtra, 8, 12 vimalaprabhA, 362 vizuddhimamma, 305, 338, 340, 345 vizeSaNavatI, 25 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 20, 25 'visisiTyusa oNv thiMgsa', 83 vizati viMzatikA prakaraNa, 26 vIrastava, 19 vIrAMgadakathA, 27 vIryapravAda pUrva, 8 vRddhacatuHzaraNa, 20

Page #415
386 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto vRSNidazA (valiMdasA), 12 saMtAnAMtara siddhi, 279 vaipulyasUtro, 270 saMbaMdha parIkSA, 279 vaizaMpAyanasahastranAma, ra63 saMbaMdha parIkSA para vRtti, 279 vyavahAra niryukti, 20 saMyutta (trIjA), 37 vyavahAra sUtra, 16, 19, 20 saMsakta niryukti, 20, 21 vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra, pa-6 juo bhagavatIsUtra saMstAraka, 18 zatakazAstra, 275 sAmaveda, 60, 263 zatazAstra vaipulya vyAkhyA, 278 sAmAcArI, 19 zabdAnuzAsana ane te paranI svopajJa sAmAnjhaphalasutta, 67, 261 amoghavRtti, 263 sArAvali, 20 zAstravAta samuccaya (svakRta vyAkhyA siksa skUlsa oNv inDiyana philosophI sahita), 26, 227 (Sadarzana), 227 zAMkarabhASya, 231 siddhaprAbhRta, 20 zRMgArazataka, 264 suttanipAtta, 282, 285 zrAddhajItakalpa, 19 suttapiTaka, 269, 272, 283 zrAvaka prajJapti (zrAvaka dharmavidhi), 23, 26 suvarNaprabhAsa, 272 zvetAzvatara, 304 suhRllekha, 275 padarzana samuccaya, 26, 68, 194, 227, sUtraupadeza, ra72 228, 301 sUtrakRtAMga niryukti, 20 Sadarzana samuccaya para TIkA, 228, 301 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, 4, 12, 20 paddarzana samuccaya paranI moTI vRtti, 68 sUryaprajJapti niryukti, 20 sakalAhaMtu, 92 sUryaprajJati para niyukti, 11 satyapravAda pUrva, 10, 13 sUryaprajJapti sUtra, 11, 12 saddharma puMDarIka, ra72 sRSTikartRtvamImAMsA, 194 sanmatitarka prakaraNa, 24 sekeDa buksa oNv dha IsTa, 96-97, 287 sanmatitarka prakaraNa para TIkA, 24 sTaDIjha ina jaina philosaoNphI, 183 sanmatitarka vRtti, 24 viravAda, ra70 juo theravAda, saptadazabhUmizAstra yogAcArya, 275, 277 sthAnAMgasUtra, 5, 12, 2.39 samayapravAda (karmapravAda) pUrva, 9, 13 syAdvAdamaMjarI, 229 samayabhedoSaracanAka, 279 syAdvAda ratnAvatArikA, 280 samarAIca kahA (samarAditya kathA), 26, 27 hanumAtrATaka, 264 samavAyAMgasUtra, 5, 12 hastabAla prakaraNa, 2pa samAdhirAja, 27ra hisTrI oNv dhI miDIenala skUla oNvuM sambodha prakaraNa, ra6 inDiyana laoNjika, 280 sambodha saptatikA prakaraNa, 26 hiMdanA nyAyano madhyakAlIna itihAsa, 274 sammatitarka, 189, 194 hiMdano itihAsa, 262 sarasvatI' hiMdI mAsika), 98 hetucaka harmarU, 208 sarvadarzanasaMgraha, rara7, 228, 277, 306 | hatubiMdu, ra79 saMgItiparyAya, ra70 hetubiMdu vivaraNa, 279

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viSayasUci 387 4. viSayasUci akrakathA (arthakathA), 270 aMgo (bAra), 3-10, 19, 21, 46 aNuvrata (pAMca), 108, 246-48 - AcArAMga, 3-4, 12, 20, 21, - sthUla prANAtipAta viramaNa, 246 46, 7, 8, 96 - sthUla mRSAvAdaviramaNa, 246-47 - sUtrakRtAMga, 4, 12, 20, 46, 66 - sthUla adattAdAna viramaNa, 247 - sthAnAMga, 5, 12 - sthUla abrahmacaryaviramaNa, 247-48 - samavAyAMga, 5, 12, 22 - sthUla parigrahapramANa, 248 - vyAkhyAprajJapti, pa-6 juo anityatA, 343-46 - bhagavatIsUtra -nA siddhAMtanuM vivaraNa, 343 - jJAtAdharmakathAMga, 6, 12 -nA traNa prakAra : jIvana-kAlanI - upAsakadazA, 6-7, 12 anityatA, kSaNika anityatA, - aMtakatadazA, 7, 12 zUnyatAvAda, 344-46 - anuttaropapAtidazA, 7, 12 anuyogadvAra, 16, 19, 22 - prazravyAkaraNadazA, 7-8, 12 anuSThAna (pAMca), 210-12 - vipAkasUtra, 8, 12 -nA pAMca prakAra : viSAnuSThAna, | - daSTivAda, 3, 8-10, 12, 21 garalAnuSThAna, ananuSThAna, tahetu | Agamo (45), 3-20 anuSThAna, amRta anuSThAna, - 11 aMga, 3-8, 19 210-12 - 12 upAMga, 10-12, 19 ekAntavAda, 65, 231-39 - 6 chedasUtra, 16-18, 19 - svaparyAya ane paraparyAya, 231-33 - 4 mUlasUtra, 1ra-16, 19 - dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAvAdi prakAre - 2 sUtra (naMdI, anuyogadvAra), 16, suvarNaghaTanuM daSTAMta, 231-32 19 - eTale ?, 234 - 10 payA, 18-20 - saptabhaMgI, 234-35 -nI bhASA, 20 - anekAMta virodhAtmaka hovA aMge | AtmavAda - buddha mate, 338-39 zaMkA, 235 AtmAnA traNa prakAra, 195 - zaMkAnuM samAdhAna, 235-36 - bahirAtmA, aMtarAtmA, paramAtmA, -mAM naya, nikSepa, pramANa Adino 195 samAveza, ra36-39 AtmAnuM upaniSadomAM nirUpaNa, 63-65 arihaMta, 94-98 juo tIrthakara AtmAnuM svarU5, 134-147 juo ahaMto - bauddhamata pramANe, 332-33 samyakatvanAM 6 sthAnaka -nI cAra pratisaMbhidA, 33ra AtmAne karmano saMyoga, 110-28 -nI pAMca abhijJA, 332-33 -- AtmAno svabhAva, 110 -nI ATha vidyA, 333 -- AtmA ane karmano saMyoga, -nI iddhi, 333 111-12 -nuM pradhAna lakSaNa, 333 - AtmA ane karmano saMbaMdha, 112, avatAravAda, 194 1 27, 128

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388 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto - ATha kanI mULa prakRti ane uttara ! - jaMbUdIpa prajJapti, 11, 12 prakRti, 113-19 - caMdraprajJapti, 11, 12 - AtmAne karmanuM AvaraNa, 119-20 - kappiyA (kalpikA) / nirayAvalikA - karmanA traNa bheda, 121 zrutaskaMdha, 11, 12 -- karmano phalodaya, 126-27 - kapUvaDaMsiyA (kalpAvatasikA), 11, Arya aSTAMgika mArga, 311-24 12 (samyaka) dRSTi, saMkalpa, vAcA, karmAnta, - puphiyA (puSpikA), 11, 12 AjIva, vyAyAma, smRti, samAdhi, - puphaculiyA (puSyacUlikA), 11-12 311-24 - valiMdasa vRSiNadazA), 12 Aryasatya (cAra), 219-20, 303-25 | uposatha dina, 232 1. duHkha duHkha che.), 303-07 - kayA kayA ? 328 2. duHkhasamudAya duHkhanuM kAraNa che.), - tyAre jALavavAnA 8 niyamo, 328 307-08 RddhipAda, 322 juo iddhipAda (cAra) 3. duHkhanirodha (du:khano nAza paNa che.) karaNa (traNa), 16-80 308-09 -nA traNa prakAra : yathAkhyAtakaraNa, 4. duHkhanirodhamArga (duHkhanivAraNano apUrvakaraNa, anivRttikaraNa, upAya paNa che.), 309-25 176-80 AryAvartanA dharmo, 227 karaNasittarI, 100, 103 AzramavyavasthA, 63, 242 karmasiddhAMta - buddhamate, 340-42 - brahmacarya, gRhastha, vAnaprastha, saMnyasta, | - karmano kartA ane bhoktA, 341 - 63, 242 - pratisaMdhi vijJAna, 341 Asravatattva, 7, 130, 162-64 - adhipatiphala - badhA jIvonAM karmonuM - eTale ?, 162 ekatrita phala, 342 - Asrava ane baMdhano saMbaMdha, 162 - brAhmaNadharmanA punarjanma-siddhAMtathI -nA 4ra bheda, 162-63 bhitra, 342 iddhipAda (cAra), 322 juo RddhipAda ! kamo (ATha), 23, 113-19, 12 1, Izvara - buddhamate, 337-38 126-27, 144-45 Izvaratattva, 94-100 - jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, -nuM lakSaNa, 94 mohanIya, aMtarAya (cAra ghAtI -nA bheda, 94-98 juo sadaivatattva kama) IzvaravAda saMbaMdhe vaidika darzano, 98-100 - nAma, gotra, AyuSa, vedanIya (cAra upAMgo (bAra), 10-12, 19, 46 aghAtI kama), 11-3-19 - opapAtika (uvavAI) sUtra, 10, -nI mULa prakRti ane uttara prakRti, 12, 78 113-19 - rAyapAseNI (rAjazrIya), 10, 12, -nA traNa bheda : bhAvakarma, dravyakama 45 nokama, 121, 144-4pa - jIvAbhigama, 10, 12 --nI phalodaya pahelAMnI sthiti, 1rapa-26 - prajJApanA, 10-11, 12, 46 -no phalodaya, 126-27 - sUryaprajJapti, 11, 12 1 kapAya, 123-25

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viSayasUci 389 -thI sthitibaMdha ane anubhAgabaMdha, sthAnomAM bhramaNa, 289-90 123-24 -nA pratipakSIo, 290-91 -thI karma para niyAmakatA, 124-25 -nAM cAturmAsa ane dharmopadeza, kArmaNavargaNA, 166-69 - 291-92 - paMca skaMdho paikInI eka, 166-67 -nA vadhanA devadattanA niSphaLa prayAso, -nA baMdhanA cAra prakAro : prakRtibaMdha, ra92-93 pradezabaMdha, sthitibaMdha, -nuM aMtima varSa, 295-96, anubhAgabaMdha, 167-69 -nuM parinirvANa, 296-97 kAladravya, 154 caraNasittarI, 100, 102 kAlasvarUpa, 104-1) cUlikA (cAra), 21 - kAlacakranA be bhAga : utsarpiNI kAla - bhAvanA, vimukti, ratikalpa, ane avasarpiNIkAla, 105-07 viviktacaryA. 21 - kAlacakranA bAra ArA, 105-06 cUlikA (34), 10 - kAlasabhya, 105-06 - prathama pUrvamAM 4, bIjA pUrvamAM 12, - kAlaparimANanuM koSThaka, 107-08 trIjA pUrvamAM 8, cothA pUrvamAM 10, - kAlagaNanA hiMduzAstra pramANe, 10 108-09 chedasUtro (cha), 16-18, 19 - kAlano upakAra, 179-1) - nizIthasUtra, 16, 19 gaccha, 255-56 - bRhatkalpasUtra, 16-17, 19 guNasthAnaka (mokSapadasopAna) (cauda), -- vyavahArasUtra, 16, 17, 19 183-189, 196 - dazAzrutaskaMdha, 16, 17, 19 -- mithyAtva, sAsvAdana, mizra, avirati, - paMcakalpa, 16, 18 dezavirati, sarvavirati/pramattasaMyata, - mahAnizItha, 16, 18 apramatta, apUrvakaraNa, jAtio (16), 6 anivRttibAdara, sUkSma saMparaya, - aMga, baMga, magaha, maya, mAlavaya, upazAMtamoha, kSINamoha, yogI, accha, vaccha, koccha, paDha, lADha, kevalI, ayogI kevalI, 183-89 vajija, mAli, kosI, kosala, gupti (traNa), 15, 23 avAha, subhattara, 6 - munigumi, vacanaguti, kAyamuti, 23 | jAtismaraNa, 140 gRhasthadharma, 242-53 jinacovIzI, 96 gautama buddha, 281-97 - vartamAna ane atIta, 96 -no janma, 281-82 jIvatattva, 130, 156-60 -no bAlyakALa, 282 - daza prANonA dhAraka tarIke, 156 -nI yuvAvasthA, 282-83 -nA be bhAga (sthAvara ane trasa), 157 -no gRhatyAga, 284 - sthAvaranA pAMca bheda : pRthivI, apu, -nAM bhramaNa ane zodha, 284-89 tejas, vAyu ane vanaspati, 157 -nI tattvaprApti, 287 - trasanA cAra bheda : dvIndriya, trIndriya, -nAM upadeza ane dIkSAarpaNa, 287-88 caturindriya, paMcendriya, 157 -nuM kapilavastu, rAjagRha, vaizAlI vagere | - paMcendriya jIvo cAra jAtanA : nAraka,

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390 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto tiryaMca, manuSya, devatA, 157-58 -nI cha pati, 157 tattva (nava), 13-31, 156,-90, 218 -nI 84 lAkha jIvayoni, 159 1. jIvatatva, 1.30, 156-60 jIvadravya, 150-51 2. ajIvatattva, 130, 160 jIvanI utkrAMti, 172-82 3. puNyatattva, 130, 160-61 - jIvane karmano saMbaMdha, 172-73 4. pApatattva, 130, 161-62 - bhavanuM kAraNa ane saMsArabaMdha, 5. Asravatattva, 130, 162-63 172-73 6. saMvaratattva, 130, 163-6pa - ATha prakAranAM karmo, 173 7. baMdhatattva, 130, 165-69 - jIvonA be prakAra : avyavahArarAzi, 8. nirjarAtatva, 130, 169 vyavahArarAzi, 173-74 9. mokSatattva, 130, 169-70 - jIvanI utkAMti-apakrAMti, 175 | tattvo vize sarvadarzanonI sarakhAmaNIno koTho, - jIvo : bhavya ane abhavya, | 240-41 176-78 che tathAbhavyatA, 178-79 paMcendriya jIvanI samyagdarzanaprApti - eTale zuM ?, 178 agAunAM traNa karaNa : - pAkavAnA upAyo, 178 yathAkhyAtakaraNa, apUrvakaraNa, - pAkavAthI thatA lAbho, 178-79 anivRttikaraNa, 176-80 tepa, 23, 66, 88, 102 jIvonAM zarIra, 115 - bAhya ane aMtaraMga saM5, 66, 88 - sthUla ane sUkSma (tejas. kAmaNa), nA bAra prakAra, 102 115 tapazcaryA vize bauddha mata, rU58-59 jaina ane bauddha dharmanI brAhmaNa tattva sAthe ! tIrtha, 2pa6 samAnatA, 260-61 tIrthakara, 94-98 jaina dharma - ahiMsAdharmano mukhya praNetA, -nA 12 guNo (8 prAtihArya. 4 265 atizaya), 94-95 jaina dharma bauddhanI zAkhA nathI, 258-62 -nI 18 doSarahitatA, 95-96 jaina dharma vaidika dharmanI zAkhA nathI | jaina -nAM vividha nAmo, 96 dharmanI prAcInatA, 262-66 -nI atIta covIzI, 96 jaina dharmano bauddha dharmagraMthomAM ullekha, -nI vartamAna covIzI, 96 261-62 -mAM chellA be (pArzvanAtha ane jaina vastI, 257 mahAvIra)nuM mAhAtma, 96-98 jainomAM bhedo, 254-56 -nAM lAMchana, 98 - mukhya be : zvetAMbara, digaMbara. | tyAgadharma (daza prakArano), 23 zvetAMbara jainomAM sthAnakavAsI ane | tripiTaka (tipiTaka | tepiTaka), 269-7) terApaMtha, 254-56 - suttapiTaka, vinayapiTaka abhidhamapiTaka, jJAtibheda viruddha buddha, 361 269 - cAMDAla kanyAnuM daSTAMta, 361 trizaraNa, 330 jJAnanA pAMca prakAra, 86 - buddha, dharma, saMdha, 330 - mati, zruta, avadhi, mana:paryava, kevala, | darzanadharmo, 227

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viSayasUci 391 -nA cha bhAga : nayAyika, vaizeSika, nirjarAtattva, 169 sAMkhya, yoga, pUrvamImAMsA, | - eTale zuM ?, 169 uttaramImAMsA, 227 -nuM sAdhana te 12 prakAre tapa, 169 dravya (cha), 5, 148-papa -nA be prakAra : sakAmAM ane akAmAM - eTale zuM ? 148 nirjarA, 169 -nAM lakSaNo, 148 nirvANa, 308-09, 3pa1-56 -nI avasthA (guNa ane paryAya), 148 -nuM svarUpa avarNanIya, 352 -nA pradhAna pAMca guNa, 149 -nI vyutpatti, 3pa3 -nA che bheda : jIva. pudgala, dharma, -nI be bAjuo : niSedhAtmaka, adharma, AkAza, kAla, 150-55 pratipAdaka, 3pa3-54 -nA bhedano koTho, 155 - A saMbaMdhe vicArabheda, 354-papa dravya (nava) - vaizeSikone mate, 154-papa -no kharo artha, 355 dharma (nava) - nava graMtho, 27ra -nI pUrvasthitio, 3pa6 dharma - bauddha mate, 325-30 nivAraNa (nIvaraNa) (pAMca), 322 -nAM traNa sopAna : zIla, samAdhi, prajJA, nairAjyavAda, 347-51 32pa-26 - anAtmanA be prakAra, 347 - gRhasthadharma, 327-28 - AtmA saMbaMdhe traNa vAda, 347 - trizaraNa, 330 - pratyekavAda athavA pRthakvAdano niSedha, - paMcazIla, 33) 348 dhyAna, 21pa-17 - jagakartAno asvIkAra, 348-49 -nA cAra prakAro : Atta ane raudra (baMne ! - mahAtmavAdano svIkAra, 349-51 kudhyAna), dharma ane zukla (baMne ! pannA, 18-20 juo prakIrNaka (daza) sadhyiAna), 215-17 pariSaha (bAvIsa), 23, 164 naya, 236-37. - eTale zuM ? 164 -nI vyAkhyA, 236 -nA 22 prakAro, 164 -nA sAta bheda : naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, | paMcazIla, 330 RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUDha, - prANAtiprAtaviramaNa, adattAdAnaevaMbhUta, 236-37 viramaNa, mithyAcAraviramaNa, nyavAda, 65-66 mRSAvAdaviramaNa, - nizcayanaya, vyavahAranaya, 65-66, pramAdasthAnaviramaNa, 330 141 pATaliputra pariSada, 21 - zuddha, 141 pApatattva, 130, 16 1-6ra naMdIsUtra, 16, 19, 22 - eTale ?, 161 nikSepa, ra37-38 -nAM 18 pApasthAnako, 161-62 - eTale zuM ?, 237 pAli bhASA, 271 -nA cAra bheda : nAma, sthApanA, dravya, -no udbhava kyAM ?, 271 bhAva, 239-38 - ane bauddha graMtho, 271 nigraha (cAra), 10ra puNyatattva, 130, 160-61 - kodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, 102 - eTale zuM ?, 160

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392 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto -nAM nava kAraNo, 161 -nA be mukhya bheda : pratyakSa ane parokSa, -thI prApti, 161 238 pudgala, 150, 152-54 - pratyakSa pramANanA be bheda : sarvapratyakSa -nuM lakSaNa, 150, 15ra ane dezapratyakSa, 238 - ATha sparza, upara - parokSa pramANanA pAMca prakAra : smaraNa, -nA pAMca rasa, 152 pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna, zabda, -nI be gaMdha, 1para 238-39 -nA pAMca varNa, 15ra baMdhatattva, 130, 165-69 -nA paryAyo, 152-53 - eTale zuM ? 165 -nA be prakAra (paramANu, skaMdha), -nA be prakAra : sajAtIya, vijAtIya, 153-54 165 puMja (traNa), 181-82 - pugalanA skaMdhonA 22 prakAro, 166 -nA traNa prakAra : zuddha, mizra, mithyAtva, | - te paikI jIvanI AkarSaNazaktithI 181-82 kheMcAnArA 5 skaMdho : AhAravargaNA, pUrvajanma, 140 taijasavargaNA, bhASAvargaNA, pUrvo (cauda), 3, 8-9, 20, 21 manovargaNA, kAzmaNavargaNA, utpAda, agrAyaNI, vIryapravAda, 166-69 astinAstipravAda, jJAnapravAda buddha, 333-35 satyapravAda, AtmapravAda, - koNa banI zake ?, 333 samayapravAda (karmapravAda), -nAM mukhyamukhya lakSaNo, 334 pratyAkhyAnavAda, vidyAnuvAda, -nAM sAmAnya, nizcita ane varNanAtmaka avadhyakalyANa, prANAyu, nAmo, 334 kriyAvizAla, bindusAra, 8-9 -mAM chellA gautamabuddha, 334 prakIrNaka (daza), 18-20 - agAunA 24 buddhonAM nAma, 334 catu zaraNe, AturapratyAkhyAna, - have pachInA, 334-35 bhaktaparikSA, saMskAraka, - pAMca dhyAnI buddha, 335 taMdulavaicArika, caMdravedhyaka, | buddha ane mahAvIra, rapa7-58 devendrastava, gaNividyA, | - vaccenI samAnatA ane bhinnatA, mahApratyAkhyAna, vIrastava, 18-20 257-58 - A uparAMta anya 20 prakIrNaka | bodhisattva, 33pa-36 sUtronI gaNanA, 20 - kone kahe che ?, 335 pratItya samutpAda, 315-19 -nA unnatikramanI traNa/cAra avasthA, - eTale zuM ? 315 335-36 -nuM bIjuM nAma 12 nidAna, 316-17 -nAM anya nAmo, 336 pratyeka AtmavAda ane pRthapha AtmavAda, -mAM naitika-bauddhika guNo, ra6 2 18:28 -mAM daza pAramitA, 336 pratyekabuddha, 333 bauddha tattvajJAnanAM cAra darzana, 27-05 pramANa, 238-39 - vebhASika, sautrAntika, mAdhyamika, - eTale zuM ? 238 yogAcAra, 27-0pa

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viSayasUci 393 bauddha darzananuM padarzanamAM kAladaSTie sthAna, | dharma, 103-04 276-77 - sAtamI Asrava bhAvanA-aMtargata cAra bauddha dharma akriyAvAdI nathI, 3pa9 bhAvanA : maitrI, pramoda, karuNA, bauddha dharma ane bauddhonI vividha dezomAM | mAdhyacya, 104 vartamAna sthiti, 361-64 bhAvanAnA cAra prakAra - bauddha mate, bauddha dharma niyativAdI nathI, 342 324-25 bauddha dharmanA tattvajJAnanI vizeSatA, - maitrI, karuNA, muditA, upekSA, 299-303 324-25 - jaina ane brAhmaNa dharmonI tulanAmAM, | bhikSuono saMyama, 360-61 - 380001 mathurA pariSada, 21-22 juo mAthurI -nA daSTAMta rUpe bauddha dhArmika vAcanA sAhityamAMthI ulekha, 301-02 madhyamamArga - madhyama pratipat, 274, - cAra Aryasatya - buddha poThapAdane 309-10 ApelA uttarano niSkarSa, 303 maraNa ane te pachInI sthiti, 339-40 bauddha dharmanA traNa mukhya siddhAMto, 343-56 | mahAbhiniSkramaNa, 284 1. sarvanityam - sarva anitya che. mahAvIrasvAmI, 28-93 343-46 -nA samayanI bhAratanI rAjakIya sthiti, 2. sarva ganIbham - je sarva che 28-46 Atmarahita che, 347-51 -nA samayanA bhAratanA bhinnabhinna dezo, 3. nirvA zAntam - nirvANa zAMtimaya 46-56 che, upara-pa6 -nA samayamAM keTalAMka mukhya zahero, bauddha dharmano udayakAla, 298-99 pa3-54 - kyAre ?, 298 -nA vihAramAM AvelAM sthaLo, 54-56 - te samayanAM vividha darzanonI -nA samayanA bhAratanI sAmAjika dharma-prarUpaNA, 298-99 sthiti, pa6-pa9 - buddha prabodhela dharma, 299 -nA samayanA bhAratanI dharmabhAvanA, bauddha dharmamAM strInI padavI, 3pa7-58 pa9-70 bauddha dhArmika sAhityanA graMthakAro, 277-80. -no prAdurbhAva, 70-75 bauddha bhikSuonI traNa samitio (pariSada), -nA prAdurbhAva ane tatkAlIna sthitivize 269-7) rA. suzIla, 70-73 bauddhomAM 18 bheda, 272-73 -nA AvirbhAvakAle pravartatI sthiti vize brahmacaryagupti (nava), 101 romezacaMdra datta, 73-74 brAhmaNanI yajJavidhi, 62-63 - dharmapravartaka tarIke, 75-86 bhAratamAMthI bauddha dharmanA lopanAM kAraNo, -nuM jIvana, 86-93 364-66 -nuM tapomaya jIvana, 88 bhAvanA (bAra) - jaina mate, 23, 103-04 -nuM bhAvanAmaya jIvana, 89-90 - anitya, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, mahAyAnanI utpatti, 271 anyatva, azuci, Asava, saMvara, mahAvrata (pAMca), 100 nirjarA, lokaravarUpa, bodhidurlabha, | - ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya,

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394 parigrahatyAga, 100 mahAsaMghika, 269 mAthurI vAcanA, 21-22 juo mathurA pariSada mArgAnusArInA 35 guNa, 242-45 mUlasUtra (cAra), 12-16, 19, 20, 77, 78, 255 Avazyaka sUtra, 12, 19 - dazavaikAlikasUtra, 12, 13, 16, 19, 20, 77, 255 - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 12, 13-15, 19, 20, 78 piMDaniyukti ke oghaniyukti, 12, 16 mokSatattva, 146-47, 169-70 mokSa che., 146 mokSano upAya che., 146-47 - eTale zuM ?, 169 AtmAnA UrdhvagamananA cAra hetu, 170 mokSasvarUpa, 218-230 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto yogamArga, 195-217 . bauddha mate, 219-20, 230 - naiyAyikane mate, 220-21 - vaizeSikane mate, 221-22, 229 sAMkhyane mate, 222-23, 229-30 aMge pAtaMjala yogadarzana, 22325 aMge pUrvamImAMsA ane uttaramImAMsA, 22527, 229 jaina mate, 228-29 yatidharma, 253 svIkAranI yogyatAnAM lakSaNo, 253 - ane dIkSAicchuke kevA guru pAse dIkSA levI, 253 ane dIkSAicchukanI ayogyatA kaI kaI ?, 253 yoga, 121-25 -thI prakRtibaMdha ane pradezabaMdha, 122 -nA be bheda, 122-23 -thI karma 52 niyAmakatA, 124-25 - yogano artha, 196 -- yoganI vyAkhyA, 196 yoganI ATha dRSTi : mitrA, tArA, balA, dIprA, sthirA, kAntA, prabhA, parA, 196-204 - yoganuM lakSaNa, 204 - yogAbhAsa, 204 - yogaprAptino samaya, 204 yoganA pAMca bheda bhAvanA, dhyAna, samatA, vRttikSaya, adhyAtma, 204-05 yoganA traNa prakAra : IcchA, zAstra, sAmarthya, 205-07 - yogInA bhedo, 208 - yogaprAptinA upAya, 208-10 yoganAM ATha aMga (aSTAMgayoga) : yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna, samAdhi, 212-17 - lezyA (cha), 11, 15, 170-72 eTale zuM ?, 170 -nA be prakAra : zubha, azubha, 170 -nA cha bhedanAM nAmo raMgo pramANe : kRSNa, nIla, kapota (azubha lezyA), pIta, rakta, zukla (zubha lezyA), 171-72 lokasvarUpa, 159-60 -no AkAra, 159-60 -nA traNa vibhAga : Urdhva, adho, madhya, 159-60 -nA traNa vibhAgamAM ja sarva jIvapudgalanuM pravartana, 159-60 valabhIpura piraSada / valabhI vAcanA, 22 vAda (cAra)nuM sUtrakRtAMgamAM varNana, 66-76 kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, ajJAnavAda, vinayavAda, 66-70 vizvavicAra buddha mate, 336-37 vizvavyavasthA, 331-32

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viSayasUci 395 veda (cAra), 60 - avatAravAda, 194 - Rgvada, yajurveda, sAmaveda, atharvaveda, | samiti (pAMca), 15, 23 - IrSA, bhASA, eSaNA, AdAnanikSepa, vaiyAvRnya (daza), 101 utsarga, ra3 zaraNa (cAra), 18 samyaktva, 180-82 - ahaMto, siddho, sAdhuo, dharma, 18 | -nI traNa kakSA : aupazamika, zramaNadharmo (daza), 100 kSayopathamika, kSAyika, 180-82 zrAvakanA ra1 guNa, 245-46 - ane mithyAtva, 182 zrAvakanAM 12 vrata, 246-pa3 samyakatvanA 67 bola, 133-34 - pAMca aNuvrata, 246-48 samyakatvanAM 6 sthAnaka, 134-37 - traNa guNavrata, 286-51 1. AtmA che., 13pa-38 - cAra zikSAvrata : sAmAyika, 2 AtmA nitya che., 138-41 dazAvakAzika, poSadhopavAsa, 3. AtmA karmano kartA che., 141-44 atithisaMvibhAga, 251-53 4. AtmA karmano bhoktA che, zruta-sAhitya, 3-20 juo Agamo (45) 144-46 paDAyatana, 308 5. AtmAno mokSa che., 146 -nA viSayo rUpa, zabda, gaMdha, rasa, sparza, 6. mokSanA upAya che., 146-47 vicAro, 308 samyasmRti (7muM aMga)nAM cAra sthAna, sadgurutattva, 100-04 3ra1-23 -nAM pAMca mahAvrata, 100 -- kAyasmRti, vedanAsmRti, cittasmRti, -nA daza zramaNadharma, 100 dharmasmRti, 321-23 -nA saMyamanA 17 prakAra, 100-01 samyagdarzana, 128-34 -nA daza vaiyAvRtya, 101 - eTale zuM ?, 128 -nI navA brahmacaryagupti, 101-02 -nI vyAkhyA, 129 -nAM jJAna, darzana, cAritra, 102 - samyaktva eTale, 132 -nAM bAra tapa, 1/2 - samyaktvanA 67 bola, 133-34 -nA cAra nigraha, 102 | saMgIti (pariSa), ra71-72 sadaivatattva, 94-100 juo Izvaratattva saMyamanA 17 prakAra, 100-01 saddadharmatattva, 104 saMyojana (daza), 31.3-1pa saptabhaMgI, 234-3pa saMvaratattva, 130, 163-65 samavAya (pAMca), 68, 189-94 - eTale zuM ?, 163 - eTale zuM ?, 189 -nA pa7 prakAra (5 samiti, 3 guti, - kArya thavA mATenAM pAMca kAraNo 10 yatidharma, 12 bhAvanA, 22 (samavAya) : kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pariSaha, pa cAritra), 163-65 pUrvakRta, puruSakAra (purupAtha), 189 : saMskRta bhASAmAMnA bauddha sAhityanI utpatti, -nAM vividha sAmAnya daSTAMto, 189-91 271-72 -nI mokSarUpI phalasiddhimAM AvazyakatA, | saMstAraka (saMthAro), 18 191-93 nAmu cArI, 19 - sRSTikatRtvavAda, 193-94 * sRTa katRtvavAda, 193-94

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396 jaina ane bauddha mata : saMkSipta itihAsa ane siddhAMto kaMdho (pAMca), ra75, 305-07 svadezaprema vize buddha, 359-60 - rUpaskaMdha, vijJAnakaMdha, vedanAtkaMdha, svaparyAya ane paraparyAya, 2.31 juo saMjJAskaMdha, saMskAraskaMdha, 305-07 | anekAntavAda-antargata syAdvAda, 65, 234-35 juo | hInayAna, 271, 273, 277 anekAMtavAda, juo saptabhaMgI

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1. vAcaka joI zakaze ke temaNe banne dharmanA itihAsa ne siddhAntono saMkSepamAM paricaya ApavA mATe te te viSayano dariyo. ulecyo che. A graMthano vAcanathI. zrI mohanabhAInI lekhanazailIno paNa paricaya maLe che. eka viSayanA anusaMdhAnamAM zuM zuM lakhAyuM che teno paricaya meLavIne viSayanI, saMkalanA karIne tenuM kaDIbaddha nirUpaNa kevI rIte thaI zake teno paNa aMdAja ApaNane maLe che." AcAryazrI. vijayapradyumnasUrijI 5 | zrI mohanalAla da. dezAIe athAga mahenata karIne A graMtha taiyAra karyo che, jemAM temanI, jaina ane bauddha dharmanI UMDI sUjha spaSTa dekhAya che. vaLI. jaina dharma-darzanane varelA. lekhaka navA vicAro jhIlavA. eTalA ja utsuka che e saraLatA. ane prAmANikatA prazaMsAne pAtra che.... 1914mAM jaina ane bauddha dharmo viSe khAsa vyavasthita lakhAyuM nahotuM ane bauddha dharma-darzananI. to ghaNA graMtho maLatA paNa nahotA. eve samaye keTalo parizrama karI zrI mohanalAla desAIe A nibaMdha taiyAra karyo haze tenI to kalpanA ja karavI rahI." DaoN. estera solomana