Agam Yugka Jaindarshan

Author(s): Dalsukh Malvania
Publisher: Prakrit Bharti Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/001049/1

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Agama-yuga 'kA jaina darzana asato mAyayA janma tattvato naiva yajyata andhya nAya asato mAyayA janma tattvato naiva yujyate / vandhyAputro na tattvena mAyayA vApi jAyate / pa prapaJco yadi vidyeta nivarteta na saMzayaH / mAyA mAyAmAtramidaM dvaitamadvaitaM paramArthataH / / na nirodho na cotpattirna baddho na ca sAdhakaH / na nina mumukSurnavai mukta ityeSA paramArthatA / / tamu vItarAgabhayakrodhairmunibhirvedapAragaiH / nirvikalpo hyayaM dRSTaH prapaJcopazamo'dvayaH / / paNDita dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ziya arthata dhava vItara ra nivikalpoM hAyaM dRSTaH prapaJcopazamo 'dvaya artha

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bha0 mahAvIra ke hajAra varSa bAda jaina darzana kA jo vikAsa huA hai usakI carcA kaI granthoM meM vidvAnoM ne kI hai| kintu bha0 mahAvIra se lekara hajAra varSa meM jaina darzana kI jo vikAsa yAtrA huI hai usakA vivaraNa kahIM nahIM hai| prastuta grantha meM prathama bAra yahA~ jaina Agama yuga ke jaina darzana kI carcA kI hai| bhUmikA rUpa se veda se lekara upaniSada kI dArzanika carcA kI saMkSipta carcA hai| aura, bha0 baddha mahAvIra ke dRSTibindu meM kyA bheda hai isakA bhI vivaraNa diyA hai| bha0 buddha ke avyAkRta praznoM kA vyAkaraNa bha0 mahAvIra ne kisa prakAra kiyA aura anekAntavAda kI kisa prakAra sthApanA kI usakI vistRta carcA prastuta grantha meM milegii| . ru0 100 (sajilda) mUlya: 080 (ajilda) Jan Education Only

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prAkRta bhAratI-puSpa-66 Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana lekhaka paNDita dalasukha mAlavariyA prakAzaka prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura zrI jaina zve0 nAkor3A pArzvanAtha tIrtha, mevAnagara

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prakAzaka : devendrarAja mehatA, saciva prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, 3826, yati zyAmalAlajI kA upAzraya motIsiMha bhomiyoM kA rAstA, jayapura- 302003 ( rAjasthAna ) pArasamala bhaMsAlI adhyakSa, zrI jaina zvetAmbara nAkor3A pArzvanAtha tIrtha po. mevAnagara, sTe. bAlotarA, 344025 ji0 bADamera (rAjasthAna ) dvitIya saMskaraNa, mArca 1660 mUlya : ( prajilda) ru0 80; (sajilda) ru0 100 mudraka : zrI jainendra presa, e-45, nArAyaNA, naI dillI 110028 AGAMA-YUGA KA JAINA DARSHANA/PHILOSOPHY D.D. MALVANIA / 1990

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prakAzakIya jaina darzana ke mUrdhanya manISi paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kI pANDityapUrNa lekhinI se nisRta "prAgama-yuga kA jaina darzana' pustaka prAkRta bhAratI ke 66veM puSpa ke rUpa meM prakAzita ho rahI hai| yaha bhI prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI aura zrI jaina zvetAmbara nAkor3A pArzvanAtha tIrtha kA saMyukta prakAzana hai| jaina darzana ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana karane vAlI anekoM pustakeM abhI taka prakAzita ho cukI haiM tadapi tatkAlIna samasta darzana mAnya vicAraNAmoM/niSkarSoM ko sodAharaNa upasthita kara, pAgama yuga ke AdhAra para jaina darzana ke svarUpa kA prasthApana jisa maulika cintana ke sAtha isameM huA hai, vaisA anyatra durlabha hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki nyAya-darzana ke adhyetAoM ke liye yaha pustaka dIpastambha kI taraha mArgadarzaka banI huI hai aura rhegii| prastuta pustaka pAMca adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| pahale adhyAya meM Agama sAhitya kI rUparekhA kA vistAra se pratipAdana hai| dUsare aura tIsare adhyAya meM jaina sammata prameya aura pramANa kA sAMgopAMga vizada vivecana hai| cauthe adhyAya meM nyAyazAstra ke AdhAra para jaina AgamoM meM vAda aura vAdavidyA kA savistAra pratipAdana hai| pAMcaveM adhyAya meM Agamottara kAlIna vAcaka umAsvAti, prAcArya kundakunda aura siddhasena ke granthoM ke AdhAra para prameya, pramANa aura syAdvAda kA anupama nirUpaNa hai| pustaka ke anta meM 3 pariziSTa bhI haiN| pahalA pariziSTa dArzanika sAhitya kA vikAsa krama hai; jo Agama, anekAnta vyavasthA, pramANa vyavasthA aura navyanyAya yugoM meM vibhakta hai| dUsarA pariziSTa prAcArya mallavAdI aura unake nayacakra grantha para AdhArita hai| tIsarA pariziSTa vistRta nAmAnukramaNikA kA hai| yaha sAdhikAra kaha sakate haiM ki yaha pustaka maulika hai aura gahana adhyayana/cintana ke sAtha anekAnta kA sAMgopAMga prasthApana samanvaya ke sAtha karatI hai| isa pustaka ke adhyayana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki mAlavaNiyAjI ne jisa gahana adhyayana/cintana ke sAtha prAMjala zailI meM isakA lekhana kiyA hai vaha vastutaH anUThA hai aura unakI amita pratibhA kA dyotaka bhii| prastuta pustaka kA prathama saMskaraNa san 1966 meM sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA se prakAzita huA thA, jo Aja aprApta hai| adhyetAoM kI dRSTi se isakI upayogitA dekhakara aura hamAre anurodha para zrI mAlavaNiyA jI ne isake prakAzana kI audArya ke sAtha svIkRti dekara hameM anugRhIta kiyA hai| ataH hama niHspRha evaM nizchala vyaktitva ke dhanI paNDitavarya zrI dalasukhabhAI kA hArdika AbhAra prakaTa karate haiN|

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zrAgamaza kaviratna upAdhyAya zrI zramaramunijI ma0 evaM muni zrI samadarzIjI ke bhI hama atyanta prabhArI haiM ki jinhoMne sammati jJAnapITha, AgarA kI prora se isa pustaka kA dvitIya saMskaraNa prakAzita karane kI hameM saharSa anumati pradAna kI / prAzA karate haiM, darzanazAstra ke cintanazIla pradhyetA evaM zodhArthI isakA adhyayana kara lAbhAnvita hoMge aura prAkRta bhAratI ke isa prayAsa kI avazya hI sarAhanA kareMge / pArasamala bhaMsAlI ma0 vinayasAgara adhyakSa nidezaka jaina zve. nAkor3A pArzvanAtha tIrtha prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI mevAnagara jayapura devendrarAja mehatA saciva prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI jayapura

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do zabda dvitIya prAvRtti ke avasara meM " zrAgama-yuga kA jaina darzana" prakAzita hone ke bAda "jaina darzana kA AdikAla " prakAzita ho cukA hai / merI icchA to yaha thI ki aba zrAgama yuga kA madhyakAla aura uttarakAla aisA vibhAjana kara, prastuta pustaka ko punaH likhakara tIna khaNDa meM kara dUM / kintu, aba Ayu aisI nahIM rahI ki nayA kucha karane kA sAhasa kara skuuN| ataeva prastuta pustaka ko jaisI hai, punaH prakAzita karavA rahA hU~ / isake prakAzana ke liye maiM mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgarajI kA RNI hU~ ki unhoMne ise puna: prakAzita karane kI yojanA banAI / dinAMka 18.888 ahamadAbAda dalasukha mAlavariyA

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lekhaka ko ora se: jainadarzana ke viSaya meM svatantra pustakoM kA prakAzana nahIM ke barAbara hI hai / bainadarzana kI maulika saMskRta evaM prAkRta pustakoM kI prastAvanAoM ke rUpa meM paNDita zrI sukhalAlajI, paMDita zrI becaradAsajI, paNDita zrI kailAzacandrajI, paM0 zrI mahendrakumArajI, zrI jugamandaralAlajI jainI tathA prophesara cakravartI, prophesara ghoSAla aura prophesara DA0 upAdhye Adi ne likhA hai| paM. mahendrakumArajI tathA DA0 mohana lAla mehatA ke hindI meM, 'jainadarzana' apane Apa meM viziSTa kRtiyA~ haiM / aMgrejI meM DA0 nayamalajI TATiyA kI 'Studies in Jain Philosophy' pustaka, DA0 padmarAjaiyA kI 'Comparative study of the Jain theory of reality and knowledge' pustaka aura zrI vIracanda gAMdhI ko 'Jain Philosophy' pustaka jainadarzana ke sambandha meM racanAe~ haiN| parantu ina sabhI meM jainadarzana ke madhyakAlIna vikasita rUpa kA hI, vivecana yA sAra-saMgraha hai| kisI ne jaina mUla Agama meM, jainadarzana kA kaisA rUpa hai, isakA vivaraNa nahIM diyA hai| isa abhAva kI pUrti ke lie maiMne jo prayatna kiyA thA, vaha yahA~ svatantra pustaka ke rUpa meM upasthita hai / maiMne 1646 meM 'nyAyAvatAravAtikavRtti' kI prastAvanA ke eka aMza ke rUpa meM jaina AgamoM kA adhyayana karake unameM jo jainadarzana kA rUpa hai, vaha upasthita kiyA thaa| ukta prastAvanA ke aMza ko anya sAmagrI ke sAtha jor3a kara Agama-yuga kA janadarzana prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai| adhyetAoM ko janadarzana ke kramika vikAsa ko samajhane meM yaha pustaka bhUmikA kA kAma degii| jainadarzana ke bRhad itihAsa ko mana meM rakha kara hI prastuta prayatna kiyA gayA hai / yaha prayatna usa bRhad itihAsa kA prathama bhAga hI hai| jainadarzana ke maulika siddhAntoM kA paricaya dene meM abhI to ekamAtra yahI sAdhana hai, yaha kahA jAe, to atizayokti nahIM hai| maiM apane anya kArya meM atyadhika vyasta thA, ataH prastuta pustaka ko taiyAra karane kA avakAza mere pAsa nahIM thA, phira bhI sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA ke prabandhakoM ke Agraha ke kAraNa mujhe yaha kArya apane hAtha meM lenA pdd'aa| sanmati jJAna pITha ke mantrI ke prayatna ke kAraNa hI, maiM isa kArya ko zIghra kara pAyA, anyathA merI dharmapatnI ke svargavAsa se jo paristhiti A par3I thI, usase bAhara nikalanA mere lie sambhava nahIM thaa| mere putra ciraMjIva ramezacandra mAlavaNiyA ne isakI zabdasUcI banAkara merA bhAra halkA na kiyA hotA, to pUrI pustaka chapa jAne

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para bhI par3I hI rahatI / merA unheM hRdaya se AzIrvAda hai / mujhe vizvAsa hai, ramezacandra ne isa kArya ko apanA kartavya samajhakara bar3I lagana se kiyA hai| prastuta pustaka ke sampAdana evaM mudraNa meM pUjya vijaya muni ne jo parizrama kiyA hai etadartha maiM unakA tathA satata preraNA dene vAle pUjya upAdhyAya amara muni jI kA vizeSa rUpa se AbhArI huuN| ___ "siMghI jaina sIrIja,-bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI ke saMcAlakoM ne prastAvanA ke praMza ko prakAzita karane kI svIkRti dI hai, etadartha maiM AbhArI huuN| isa pustaka meM jo kucha kamI hai, usakA parijJAna mujhe to hai hI, kintu vidvAnoM se nivedana hai, ki ve bhI isameM saMzodhana ke lie sujhAva deN| vidvAnoM ke sujhAva Ane para maiM unakA upayoga pustaka ke agale saMskaraNa meM kara skuuNgaa| dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ahamadAbAda tA0 4-6-65

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prakAzakIya: _ 'Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana' yaha eka mahattvapUrNa pustaka hai / prastuta pustaka ke lekhaka haiM, paNDita zrI dalasukha maalvnniyaa| jainadarzana para hindI meM aneka pustukeM upalabdha haiM, kintu prastuta pustaka kI apanI vizeSatA hai / yaha pustaka AgamoM ke mUla dArzanika tattvoM para likhI gaI hai / mUla AgamoM meM pramANa, prameya, nikSepa aura naya Adi para kyA-kyA vicAra haiM aura unakA vikAsa kisa prakAra huA, ina sabakA kramika vikAsa prastuta pustaka meM upanibaddha kiyA gayA hai / jo adhyetA evaM pAThaka dArzanika dRSTi se AgamoM kA adhyayana karanA cAhate haiM, unake lie prastuta pustaka atyanta upayogI hai| isa pustaka ke adhyayana karane se mUla Agama granthoM ke dArzanika tattvoM kA eka acchA paribodha ho jAtA hai| paNDita zrI dalasukha jI apane lekhana kArya meM aura anusaMdhAna meM atyanta dhyasta the, phira bhI unhoMne hamAre Agraha ko svIkAra kiyA aura apane vyasta samaya meM se kucha samaya nikAla kara prastuta pustaka ko taiyAra karake, unhoMne tattva-jijJAsuoM para eka bar3A upakAra kiyA hai / etadartha maiM paNDita jI ko dhanyavAda detA hU~, ki unhoMne jaina sAhitya ko eka amUlya kRti bheMTa kI hai| prastuta pustaka kA mudraNa, ejukezanala presa AgarA meM huA hai| presa ke saMcAlaka aura prabandhaka mahodayoM ne prastuta pustaka ke prakAzana meM jisa dhIratA aura udAratA kA paricaya diyA hai, isake lie maiM unakA bahuta AbhArI hU~, kyoMki prastuta pustaka meM saMskRta aura prAkRta ke TippaNa itane adhika haiM, jisase Compositer kA parezAna honA svAbhAvika thA, kintu isa kaThina kArya ko presa kI ora se bar3e dhairya aura sundaratA ke sAtha sampanna kiyA gayA hai / isake lie maiM bAbU jagadIza prasAda ko bahuta-bahuta dhanyavAda detA huuN| sonArAma jaina mantrI sanmati jJAnapITha

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priya patnI svargIya mathurA gaurI ko jinhoMne liyA kucha nahIM, diyA hI diyA hai| balasukha mAlavaNiyA

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11 14 20 22 ls granthAnukramaNikA [1] prAgama sAhitya kI rUparekhA pauruSeyatA aura apauruSeyatA zrotA aura vaktA kI dRSTi se prAgamoM ke saMrakSaNa meM bAdhAeM pATalIputra-vAcanA anuyoga kA pRthakkaraNa aura pUrvo kA viccheda mAthurI vAcanA vAlabhI vAcanA devadhigaNikA pustaka lekhana pUrvo ke AdhAra se bane grantha dvAdaza aMga digambara mata se zruta kA viccheda aMgavAhya grantha digambaroM ke sthAnakavAsI ke zvetAmbaroM ke AgamoM kA racanAkAla AgamoM kA viSaya AgamoM kI TIkAe~ darzana kA vikAsakrama [2] prameya khaNDa 1-bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUrva kI sthiti (1) beda se upaniSat paryanta (2) bhagavAn buddha kA anAtmavAda (3) jaina tattvavicAra kI prAcInatA 2-~-bhagavAn mahAvIra ko dena anekAntavAda (1) citravicitra pakSayukta paMskokilakA svapna 3----vibhajyavAda 4-~-anekAntavAda s h 37.124 41 5 xxxx WW.

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5 (1) bhagavAn buddha ke avyAkRta prazna (2) loka kI nityAnityatA sAntAnantatA (3) loka kyA hai ? (4) jIva- zarIra kA bhedAbheda (5) jIva kI nityAnityatA 7 ( 14 ) (6) jIva kI sAntatA - anantatA (7) bha0 buddha kA anekAntavAda (8) dravya aura paryAya kA bhedAbheda (a) dravyavicAra (ba) paryAyavicAra (ka) dravyaparyAyakA bhedAbheda (6) jIva aura ajIva kI ekAnekatA (10) paramANu kI nityAnityatA (11) asti nAstikA anekAnta syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI 6- naya, Adeza yA dRSTiyoM (1) bhaMgoM kA itihAsa (2) avaktavya kA sthAna (3) syAdvAda ke bhaMgoM kI vizeSatA (4) syAdvAda ke bhaMgoM kA prAcIna rUpa (1) dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva (2) dravyArthika paryAyArthika (3) dravyAthika - pradezArthika (4) oghAdeza - vidhAnAdeza (5) vyAvahArika aura naizcayika naya -nAma sthApanA dravya bhAva [3] pramANakhaNDa 1 2 - jJAna carcA kI jaina dRSTi 2 -Agama meM jJAna carcA ke vikAsa kI bhUmikAe~ 3 - jJAna carcA kA pramANacarcA se svAtantrya 4--jaina AgamoM meM pramANa carcA (1) pramANa ke bheda (2) pratyakSapramANacarcA 56 62 64 64 67 72 74 76 76 78 84 86 6.5 86 62 63 e e 101 105 114 115 117 118 120 120 122 125-165 127 128 135 136 136 145

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. 146 147 147 151 154 155 156 156 ( 15 ) (a) indriyapratyakSa (A) noindriyapratyakSa (3) anumAnacarcA (a) anumAna ke bheda (A) pUrvavat (i) zeSavat 1. kAryeNa 2. kAraNena 3. guNena 4. avayavena 5. AzrayeNa (I) dRSTasAdharmyavat (u) kAlabheda se traividhya (U) avayava carcA (R) hetucarcA (4) aupamyacarcA 1. sAdhopanIta (a) kiJcitsAdhopanIta (A) prAyaH sAdhopanIta (i) sarvasAdhopanIta 2. vaidhopanIta (a) kiJcidharmya (bA) prAyovadhayaM (i) sarvavaidhayaM (5) AgamacarcA (a) laukika Agama (A) lokottara Agama [4] jana prAgamoM meM bAda aura vAdavidyA 1-vAda kA mahattva 2-kathA . 3-vivAda 4-vAdadoSa . 156 156 16. 160 160 161 161 167-202 175 177 178

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176 s 181 182 183 185 185 is ~ it ~ is ~ is ~ w ~ 5-vizeSadoSa . 6-prazna 7-chalajAti (1) yApaka (2) sthApaka (3) vyaMsaka (4) lUSaka 8----udAharaNa-jJAta-dRSTAMta (1) AharaNa (1) apAya (2) upAya (3) sthApanAkarma (4) pratyutpannavinAzI (2) AharaNataddeza (1) anuzAsti (2) upAlambha (3) pRcchA (4) nizrAvacana (3) AharaNataddoSa (1) adharmayukta (2) pratiloma (3) AtmopanIta (4) durupanIta (4) upanyAsa (1) tadvastUpanyAsa (e) tadanyavastUpanyAsa (3) pratinibhopanyAsa (4) hetUpanyAsa [5] mAgamottara jainadarzana prAstAvika () vAcaka umAsvAti kI dena 'prAstAvika 163 164 164 164 165 w w o r w w w a Mor Mor w w 168 203-278 205 205 205

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[1] prameyanirUpaNa 1 2 -sat kA svarUpa 3 - dravya, paryAya aura guNa kA lakSaNa tattva, artha, padArtha, tattvArtha 4 5- -kAladravya 6 - pudgaladravya 6) - guNa aura paryAya se dravya viyukta nahIM - indriyanirUpaNa 8 - amUrta dravyoM kI ekatrAvagAhanA 7 ( 17 ) [2] pramANanirUpaNa 1- paMca jJAna aura pramANoM kA samanvaya 2- pratyakSa-parokSa 3- pramANasaM khyAntara kA vicAra 4- pramANa kA lakSaNa 5 - zAnoM kA svabhAva aura vyApAra 6-mati zrutikA viveka 19- - matijJAna ke bheda 8 - avagrahAdi ke lakSaNa aura paryAya [3] nayanirUpaNa prAstAvika 1 - nayasaMkhyA 2- nayoM ke lakSaNa 3 - nUtana cintana (ba) prAcArya kundakunda kI janavarzana ko dena prAstAvika [1] prameyanirUpaNa 1 - tattva, artha, padArtha aura tattvArtha 2 - anekAntavAda 3- dravya kA svarUpa 4 -- sat dravyaH =sattA 5- dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA sambandha 207 207 208 210 213 213 214 217 217 217 217 218 21 220 220 221 222 223 226 226 227 227 228 231 231 233 233 234 234 235 236

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-utpAda-vyaya-dhIvya 7 ---- satkAryavAda -asatkAryavAda kA samanvaya 8-dravyoM kA bheda-abheda 6- syAdvAda 10 - mUrtImUrtaviveka 11- pudgala dravyavyAkhyA 12- pudgalaskandha 13- paramANucarcA 14 - AtmanirUpaNa (1) nizcaya aura vyavahAra (2) bahirAtmA antarAtmA-paramAtmA (3) paramAtmavarNana meM samanvaya (4) jagatkartuM tva (5) katu svAtu tvaviveka (6) zubha-azubha-zuddha adhyavasAya 15 - saMsAra varNana 16- doSa varNana 17- bhedajJAna [2] pramANa carcA prAstAvika 1 advaita dRSTi 2- jJAna kI sva-paraprakAzakatA - 3- samyag jJAna 4- svabhAva jJAna aura vibhAva jJAna 5--- pratyakSa - parokSa 6- jJaptikA tAtpayaM ( 18 ) 7-- - jJAnadarzana yaugapadya - sarvajJakA jJAna - matijJAna - zrutajJAna [3] nayanarUpaNa 1---vyavahAra aura nizcaya 237 240 241 242 243 244 244 245 246 246 248 248 250 250 252 252 253 257 258 258 258 260 .261 262 262 263 264 264 265 266 267 267

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270 270 271 272 275 [ka] prAcArya siddhasena 1-siddhasena kA samaya 2-siddhasena kI pratibhA 3-sanmatitarka meM anekAnta sthApana 4-jaina nyAyazAstroM kI AdhArazilA pariziSTa 1-bArzanika sAhitya kA vikAsa krama 1-Agama yuga 2- anekAnta vyavasthA yuga 3-pramANa vyavasthA yuga 4-navyanyAya yuga 2-prAcArya mallavAdI aura unakA nayacakra 1--mallavAdI kA samaya 2-nayacakra kA mahattva 3-darzana aura naya 4-sarvadarzanasaMgrAhaka jainadarzana 5---nayacakra kI racanA kI kathA 6-kathA kA vizleSaNa 7-nayacakra aura pUrva 8-nayacakra kI vizeSatA E---nayacakra kA paricaya 3-pAribhASika aura vizeSa nAmoM kI sUcI 276-262 281 285 286 261 263-318 264 265 297 266 300 301 304 305 307 1-35 -.

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anuyoga0 anuyogasU0 anu0 To0 zrAcA0 prAcA0 cUrNi zrAcA0 ni0 prAcA0 niyuM 0 prAptamI0 prAva0 ni0 IzA0 utta0 uttarA0 kaTho0 kena0 caraka0 chAndo0 tattvArtha0 tattvArtha bhA0 tatvArthailo 0 tisthogA0 taittirI 0 daza0 ni0 0 daza 0 cU0 dazavaM0 ni0 darzana prA0 dogha0 niyama0 saMketa sUcI anuyogadvArasUtra anuyogadvAra sUtraTIkA AcArAMgasUtra AcArAMga cUrNi AcArAMga niyukti 17 " AptamImAMsA Avazyaka niyukti IzAvAsyopaniSad utarAdhyayana sUtra , kaThopaniSad kenopaniSad carakasaMhitA chAndogyopaniSad tattvArthasUtra tatvArthasUtrabhASya tattvArthazlokavAtika titthogAliya taittirIyopaniSad dazavekAlika niyukti dazavaikAlika dazakAlika cUrNi dazavekAlikaniyukti darzana prAbhRta dIghanikAya niyamasAra

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nyAyabhA0 nyAyasU0 nyAyA0 TippaNa (NI) paMcA0 paMcAsti pramANana0 pramANamI0 pravacana0 prazasta 0 prazno0 prastAvanA prAkRtavyA0 bRhadA 0 bahat0 bhaga0 bhAvaprA0 mANDUkyoM 0 mANDU0 mAdhya 0 muNDako 0 mokSaprA0 yoga0 vizeSA0 vorani0 vaize0 zvetA0 saMyukta saMyuttani0 sammati0 samaya 0 samayasAra tAtparya 0 sarvArtha 0 ( 22 ) nyAyasUtra bhASya nyAyasUtra nyAyAvatAravArtikavRtti ke TippaNa paMcAstikAya 33 pramANanayatatvAloka pramANamImAMsA prabacanasAra prazastapAdabhASya praznopaniSad nyAyAvatAra vArtikavRtti kI prastAvanA prAkRta vyAkaraNa, A0 hemacandakRta bRhadAraNyakopaniSad bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya bhagavatI sUtra bhAvaprAbhRta mANDUkyopaniSad 31 mAdhyamikakArikA muNDakopaniSad mokSaprAbhRta yogasUtra vizeSAvazyaka bhASya vIranirvANa saMvat aura jainakAla gaNanA (zrI kalyANavijayajI) vaizeSikasUtra zvetAzvataropaniSad saMyuttanikAya " sanmatitarkaprakaraNa samayasAra samayasAra tAtparyaTIkA sarvArthasiddhi ( tattvArthaTIkA )

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sAMkhyakA0 sAMkhyata0 sthA hetubi0 Constru. ( 23 ) sAMkhyakArikA sAMkhyatattvakaumudI sthAnAMgasUtra hetubinduTIkA Constructive Survey of Upanishadic philosophy Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Pre-Dignaga-Buddhist-Texts (G. O. S.) J. R. A. S. Pre-Dig.

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Agama-sAhitya kI rUpa-rekhA

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eka pauruSeyatA aura apauruSeyatA : brAhmaNa-dharma meM zruti (veda) kA aura bauddhadharma meM tripiTaka kA jaisA mahattva hai, vaisA hI jaina dharma meM zruta (Agama) gaNipiTaka kA mahattva hai| brAhmaNa dArzanika mImAMsakoM ne vedavidyA ko sanAtana mAnakara apauruSeya batAyA aura naiyAyika-vaizeSika Adi dArzanikoM ne use IzvarapraNIta batAyA, kintu vastutaH dekhA jAe, to donoM ke mata se yahI phalita hotA hai ki veda-racanA kA samaya ajJAta hI hai| itihAsa usakA patA nahIM lagA sktaa| isake viparIta bauddha tripiTaka aura jaina gaNipiTaka pauruSeya haiN| Izvara praNIta nahIM haiM, aura unakI racanA ke kAla kA bhI itihAsa ko patA hai| manuSya purANapriya hai / yaha bhI eka kAraNa thA, ki veda apauruSeya mAnA gyaa| jainoM ke sAmane bhI yaha AkSepa huA hogA, ki tumhAre Agama to naye haiM, usakA koI prAcIna mUla AdhAra nahIM hai| isakA uttara diyA gayA ki dvAdazAMgabhUta gaNipiTaka kabhI nahIM thA, yaha bhI nahIM aura kabhI nahIM hai, yaha bhI nahIM, aura kabhI nahIM hogA yaha bhI nhiiN| vaha to thA, hai aura hogaa| vaha dhruva hai, niyata hai, zAzvata hai, akSaya hai, avyaya hai avasthita hai aura nitya hai'| jaba yaha uttara diyA gayA, taba usake pIche tarka yaha thA ki pAramArthika dRSTi se dekhA jAe, to satya eka hI hai, tathya eka hI hai| . vibhinna deza, kAla aura puruSa kI dRSTi se usa satya kA AvirbhAva nAnA prakAra se hotA hai, kintu una AvirbhAvoM meM eka hI sanAtana satya anusyUta dekho samavAyAMgagata vAdazAMgaparicaya, tathA nandI sU0 57.

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4 Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana hai / yadi usa sanAtana satya kI ora dRSTi dI jAe aura AvirbhAva ke prakAroM kI upekSA kI jAe to yahI kahanA hogA, ki jo rAgadveSa ko jItakara-jina hokara upadeza degA, vaha AcAra kA sanAtana satya sAmAyika, samabhAva, vizvavAtsalya evaM vizvamaitrI kA tathA vicAra kA sanAtana satya, syAdvAda, anekAntavAda evaM vibhajyavAda kA hI upadeza degaa| vaisA koI kAla nahIM, jaba ukta satya kA abhAva ho| ataeva jaina Agama ko isa dRSTi se anAdi ananta kahA jAtA hai, veda kI taraha apauruSeya kahA jAtA hai| eka sthAna para kahA gayA hai ki RSabhaAdi tIrthaGkaroM kI zarIra-sampatti aura vardhamAna kI zarIra sampatti meM atyanta vailakSaNya hone para bhI sabhI ke dhRti, zakti aura zarIra-racanA kA vicAra kiyA jAe tathA unakI Antarika yogyatA-kevala jJAna kA vicAra kiyA jAe,to una sabhI kI yogyatA meM koI bheda na hone ke kAraNa unake upadeza meM koI bheda nahIM . ho sakatA / aura dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai, ki saMsAra meM prajJApanIya bhAva to anAdi ananta haiM / ataeva jaba kabhI samyagjJAtA unakA prarUpaNa karegA, to kAlabheda se prarUpaNA meM bheda nahIM ho sktaa| isIlie kahA jAtA hai ki dvAdazAMgI anAdi ananta hai / sabhI tIrthaGkaroM ke upadeza kI ekatA kA udAharaNa zAstra meM bhI milatA hai| AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai, ki "jo arihaMta ho gae, jo abhI vartamAna meM haiM aura jo bhaviSya meM hoMge, una sabhI kA eka hI upadeza hai, ki kisI bhI prANa, jIva, bhUta aura sattva kI hatyA mata karo, unake Upara apanI sattA mata jamAo, unako gulAma mata banAo aura unako mata satAo, yahI dharma dhruva hai, nitya hai, zAzvata hai aura vivekI puruSoM ne batAyA hai|" satya kA AvirbhAva kisa rUpa meM huA, kisane kiyA, kaba kiyA / aura kaise kiyA, isa vyAvahArika dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAe, to jaina / 2 bRhatkalpabhASya 202-203. prAcArAMga-a0 4 0 126. sUtrakRtAMga 2-1-15, 2-2-41.

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Agama-sAhitya kI rUpa-rekhA 5 Agama pauruSeya siddha hote haiN| ataeva kahA gayA ki 'tapa-niyama-jJAnarUpa vRkSa ke Upara ArUr3ha hokara ananta jJAnI kevalI bhagavAn bhavya janoM ke vibodha ke lie jJAna-kusuma kI vRSTi karate haiN| gaNadhara apane buddhi-paTa meM una sakala kusumoM ko jhela kara pravacana mAlA gUMthate haiN|" isa prakAra jaina-Agama ke viSaya meM apauruSeyatA aura pauruSeyatA kA sundara samanvaya sahaja hI siddha hotA hai aura AcArya hemacandra kA yaha vicAra caritArtha hotA hai "prAdIpamAvyoma samasvabhAvaM syAvAvamudrA'natimevi vastu"5 zrotA aura vaktA kI dRSTi : jaina-dharma meM bAhya rUparaMga kI apekSA Antarika rUparaMga ko adhika mahattva hai / yahI kAraNa hai, ki jaina dharma ko adhyAtmavAdI dharmoM meM ucca sthAna prApta hai| kisI bhI vastu kI acchAI kI jA~ca usakI AdhyAtmika yogyatA ke nApa para hI nirbhara hai / yahI kAraNa hai, ki nizcayadRSTi se tathAkathita jainAgama bhI mithyAzruta meM ginA jAtA hai, yadi usakA upayoga kisI duSTa ne apane durguNoM kI vRddhi meM kiyA ho, aura veda Adi anya zAstra bhI samyagzruta meM ginA jAtA hai, yadi kisI mumukSu ne usakA upayoga mokSa-mArga ko prazasta karane meM kiyA ho| vyAvahArika dRSTi se dekhA jAe, to bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadeza kA jo sAra-saMgraha huA hai, vahI jaina Agama hai / ___kahane kA tAtparya yaha ki nizcaya-dRSTi se Agama kI vyAkhyA meM zrotA kI pradhAnatA hai, aura vyavahAra-dRSTise Agama kI vyAkhyA meM vaktA kI pradhAnatA hai| 4 "tavaniyamanANarukkhaM prArUDho kevalI abhiyanANI / to muyai nANavuddhi bhaviyajaNavibohaNaDhAe // 86 // taM buddhimaeNa paDeNa gaNaharA gihi niravasesa / titthayarabhAsiyAI gaMthaMti to pavayaNaTThA ||10||"--praavshykniyukti " anyayogavyavacchevikA-5. 6 dekho naMdI sUtra 40, 41 / bRhatkalpa bhASya gA0 88.

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Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana ... zabda to nirjIva haiM, aura sabhI sAMketika artha ke pratipAdana kI yogyatA rakhane ke kAraNa sarvArthaka bhii| isa sthiti meM nizcaya-dRSTi se dekhA jAe, to zabda kA prAmANya yA aprAmANya svata: nahIM, kintu usa zabda ke prayoktA ke guNa yA doSa ke kAraNa hI zabda meM bhI prAmANya yA aprAmANya hotA hai / itanA hI nahIM, kintu zrotA yA pAThaka ke guNa-doSa ke kAraNa bhI prAmANya yA aprAmANya kA nirNaya karanA hogaa| ataeva yaha Avazyaka ho jAtA hai, ki vaktA aura zrotA donoM kI dRSTi se Agama kA vicAra kiyA jaae| jainoM ne ina donoM dRSTiyoM se jo vicAra kiyA hai, use yahA~ prastuta kiyA jAtA hai-- zAstra kI racanA niSprayojana nahIM, kintu zrotA ko abhyudaya aura zreyaskara mArga kA pradarzana karAne kI dRSTi se hI hai| zAstra kI upakAritA yA anupakAritA usake zabdoM para nirbhara nahIM kintu, una zAstravacana ko grahaNa karane vAle kI yogyatA para bhI hai , yahI kAraNa hai, ki eka hI zAstra-vacana ke nAnA aura parasparavirodhI artha nikAlakara dArzanika loga nAnA matavAda khar3e kara dete haiM / udAharaNa ke lie eka bhagavadgItA yA eka hI brahmasUtra kitane virodhI vAdoM kA mUla banA huA hai ? ataH zrotA kI dRSTise kisI eka graMtha ko niyamata: samyak yA mithyA kahanA, kisI eka graMtha ko hI jinAgama kahanA bhramajanaka hogaa| yahI socakara jinAgama ke mUla dhyeya-jIvoM kI. mukti kI pUrti-jisa kisI bhI zAstra se hotI hai, ve samyak haiM, ve saba Agama haiM-yaha bhI vyApaka dRSTi bindu jainoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai / isake anusAra veda Adi saba zAstra jainoM ko mAnya haiN| jisa jIva kI zraddhA samyaka hai, usake sAmane koI bhI graMtha A jAe, vaha usakA upayoga mokSamArga ko prazasta banAne meM hI kregaa| ataeva usake lie saba zAstra prAmANika haiM, samyaka haiM / kintu jisa jIva kI zraddhA hI viparIta hai, jise mukti kI kAmanA hI nahIM, jise saMsAra meM hI sukha naz2ara AtA hai, usake lie vedaAdi to kyA, tathAkathita jaina-Agama bhI mithyA haiM, apramANa haiM / Agama kI isa vyAkhyA meM satya kA Agraha hai, sAmpradAyika kadAgraha nhiiN|

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Agama-sAhitya kI rUpa-rekhA 7 aba vaktA kI dRSTi se jisa prakAra Agama kI vyAkhyA kI gaI. hai, usakA vicAra bhI karaleM / vyavahAra-dRSTi se jitane zAstra jainAgamAntargata haiM, unako yaha vyAkhyA vyApta karatI hai| arthAt jaina loga vedAdi se pRthak aisA jo apanA prAmANika zAstra mAnate haiM ve sabhI lakSyAntargata haiN| Agama kI sAmAnya vyAkhyA to itanI hI hai ki Apta kA kathana Agama hai / jainasammata Apta kauna haiM ? isakI vyAkhyA meM kahA gayA hai, ki jisane rAga aura dveSa ko jIta liyA hai, vaha jina tIrthaMkara, evaM sarvajJa . bhagavAn Apta haiM / aura jina kA upadeza evaM vANI hI jainAgama hai / usameM vaktA ke sAkSAt darzana aura vItarAgatA ke kAraNa doSa kI saMbhAbanA hI nahIM, pUrvApara virodha bhI nahIM aura yuktibAdha bhI nahIM / ataeva mukhya rUpa se jinoM kA upadeza evaM vANI jainAgama pramANa bhUta mAnA jAtA hai, aura gauNarUpa se usase anuprANita anya zAstra bhI pramANabhUta mAne jAte haiN| yahA~ para yaha prazna hotA hai ki jainAgama ke nAma se jo dvAdazAMgI Adi zAstra prasiddha haiM, kyA vaha jinoM kA sAkSAt upadeza hai ? kyA jinoM ne hI usako graMthabaddha kiyA thaa| . isa prazna kA uttara dene se pahale itanA spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka hai ki vartamAna meM upalabdha jo Agama haiM, ve svayaM gaNadhara-grathita AgamoM kI saMkalanA hai / yahA~ jainoM kI tAttvika mAnyatA kyA hai, usI ko dikhA kara upalabdha jainAgama ke viSaya meM Age vizeSa vicAra kiyA jaaegaa| __jaina anuzruti ukta prazna kA uttara isa prakAra detI hai-jina bhagavAn upadeza dekara vicAra aura AcAra ke mUla siddhAnta kA nirdeza karake kRta-kRtya ho jAte haiM / usa upadeza ko jaisA ki pUrvokta rUpaka meM batAyA gayA hai, gaNadhara yA viziSTa prakAra ke sAdhaka graMtha kA rUpa dete haiM / phalitArtha yaha hai, ki granthabaddha upadeza kA jo tAtparyArtha hai, usake " prAptopadezaH zabdaH-nyAyasUtra 1, 1 7. lattvArthabhASya 1, 20. 8 naMdIsUtra 40.

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mAgama-puga kA jaina darzana praNetA jina-vItarAga evaM tIrthaMkara haiM, kintu jisa rUpa meM vaha upadeza granthabaddha yA sUtrabaddha huA, usa zabdarUpa ke praNetA gaNadhara hI haiM jainAgama tIrthaMkara praNIta' kahA jAtA hai, isakA abhiprAya kevala yaha hai, ki arthAtmaka grantha praNetA ve the, kintu zabdAtmaka graMtha ke praNetA ve nahIM the| pUrvokta vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki sUtra yA graMtha rUpa meM upasthita gaNadhara praNIta jainAgama kA prAmANya gaNadharakRta hone mAtra se nahIM, kintu usake artha ke praNetA tIrthaMkara kI vItarAgatA aura sarvArthasAkSAkAritva ke kAraNa hI hai| jaina-zruti ke anusAra tIrthaMkara ke samAna anya pratyekabuddha kathita Agama bhI pramANa haiN|" jaina paramparA ke anusAra kevala dvAdazAMgI hI AgamAntargata nahIM hai, kyoMki gaNadhara kRta dvAdazAMgI ke atirikta aMgabAhya rUpa anya zAstra bhI AgamarUpa se mAnya haiM, aura ve gaNadharakRta nahIM haiM / kyoMki gaNadhara kevala dvAdazAMgI kI hI racanA karate haiM, yaha anuzruti hai / aMgabAhyarUpa se prasiddha zAstra kI racanA anya sthavira karate haiN| . sthavira do prakAra ke hote haiM-saMpUrNazrutajJAnI aura dazapUrvI / saMpUrNazrutajJAnI caturdazapUrvI yA zrutakevalI gaNadhara praNIta saMpUrNa dvAda 9 pratyaM bhAsai arahA suttaM ganthanti gaNaharA niuNaM / sAsaraNassa hiyahAe tano sutta pavattai // 162 // pAva0 ni0 10 nandIsUtra-40. 11 "sutta gaNaharakathidaM taheva patteyabuddhakathidaM c| sudakavaliNA kathidaM abhiNNavasapUvakathidaM ca // " mUlAcAra-5-80 jayapavalA pR0 153. prodhaniyuktiTIkA pR0 3. 12 vizeSAvazyakabhASya gA0 550. bahatkalpabhASya gA0 144. tatvArthabhA0 1-20. savArthasiddhi 1-20. 13 jainAgama ke pAThayakrama meM bArahaveM aMga ke aMzabhUta caturdazapUrva ko usakI gahanatA ke kAraNa antima sthAna prApta hai| prataeva caturvazapUrvI kA matalaba hai| saMpUrNa tavara / janAnuzruti ke anusAra yaha spaSTa hai ki bhadrabAhu antima caturdazapUrvadhara the| unake pAsa sthUlabhadra ne caudahoM pUrvo kA paThana kiyA, kintu

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bhAgama- sAhitya kI rUpa-rekhA zAMgI rUpa jinAgama ke sUtra aura artha ke viSaya meM vizeSataH nipuNa hote haiM / ataeva unakI yogyatA evaM kSamatA mAnya hai, ki ve jo kucha kaheMge yA likheMge, usakA jinAgama ke sAtha kucha bhI virodha nahIM ho sakatA / jinokta viSayoM kA saMkSepa yA vistAra karake tatkAlIna samAja ke anukUla graMtha racanA karanA hI unakA eka mAtra prayojana hotA hai / ataeva una graMthoM ko sahaja hI meM saMgha ne jinAgamAntargata kara liyA hai / inakA prAmANya svatantrabhAva se nahIM, kintu gaNadharapraNIta Agama ke sAtha avisaMvAda - prayukta hone se hai / saMpUrNa zrutajJAna jisane hastagata kara liyA ho, usakA kevalI ke vacana ke sAtha virodha na hone meM eka yaha bhI dalIla dI jAtI hai, ki sabhI padArtha to vacanagocara hone kI yogyatA nahIM rakhate / saMpUrNa jJeya kA kucha aMza hI tIrthaMkara ke vacanagocara ho sakatA hai| una vacanarUpa dravyAgama zrutajJAna ko jo saMpUrNa rUpa meM hastagata kara letA hai, vahI to zrutakevalI hotA hai / ataeva jisa bAta ko tIrthaMkara ne kahA thA, usako zrutakevalI bhI kaha sakatA hai " / isa dRSTi se kevalI aura zrutakevalI meM koI vizeSa antara na hone ke kAraNa donoM kA prAmANya samAnarUpa se hai / kAlakrama se vIrani0 170 varSa ke bAda aura matAntara se 162 varSa ke bAda, jaina saMgha meM jaba zrutakevalI kA bhI abhAva ho gayA, aura kevala dazapUrvadhara hI raha gae taba unakI vizeSa yogyatA ko dhyAna meM rakha kara jainasaMgha ne dazapUrvadhara grathita graMthoM ko bhI Agama meM samAviSTa kara liyaa| ina graMthoM kA bhI prAmANya svatantra bhAva se nahIM, kintu gaNadharapraNIta Agama ke sAtha avirodha hone se hai / 14 bhadrabAhu kI prAjJA ke anusAra ve dazapUrva hI anya ko par3hA sakate the / prataeva unake bAda dazapUrvI hue / nitthogAlIya 742. zrAvazyaka- -riNa bhA0 2, pR0 187. bRhatkalpabhASya gA0 664. 15 vahI e63, 666. 6 -

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Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana jainoM kI mAnyatA hai ki caturdazapUrvadhara aura dazapUrvadhara ve hI sAdhaka ho sakate haiM, jinameM niyama se samyagdarzana hotA hai - ( bRhat -- 132 ) / ataeva unake granthoM meM AgamavirodhI bAtoM kI saMbhAvanA hI nahIM rahatI / yahI kAraNa hai ki unake graMtha bhI kAlakrama se AgamAntargata kara lie gae haiM / 10 Age calakara isa prakAra ke aneka Adeza, jinakA samarthana kisI zAstra se nahIM hotA hai, kintu jo sthaviroM kI apanI pratibhA ke bala se kisI ke viSaya meM dI huI saMmati mAtra haiM- unakA samAveza bhI aMgabAhya Agama meM kara liyA gayA hai / itanA hI nahIM, kucha muktakoM ko bhI usI meM sthAna prApta hai / 13 Adeza aura muktaka AgamAntargata haiM yA nahIM, isake viSaya meM digambara paramparA mauna hai / kintu gaNadhara, pratyeka buddha, caturdazapUrvI aura dazapUrvI grathita sabhI zAstra AgamAntargata haiM, isa viSaya meM donoM kA eka mata hai / isa carcA se yaha to spaSTa hI hai, ki pAramArthika dRSTi se satya kA AvirbhAva nirjIva zabda meM nahIM, kintu sajIva AtmA meM hI hotA hai / ataeva kisI pustaka ke panne kA mahattva taba taka hai, jaba taka vaha Atmonnati kA sAdhana bana sake / isa dRSTi se saMsAra kA samasta sAhitya jainoM ko upAdeya ho sakatA hai, kyoMki yogya aura vivekI AtmA ke lie apane kAma kI cIja kahIM se bhI khoja lenA sahaja hai / kintu avivekI aura ayogya ke lie yahI mArga khatare se khAlI nahIM hai / isI lie jaina RSiyoM ne vizva - sAhitya meM se cune hue aMza ko hI jainoM ke lie vyavahAra meM upAdeya batAyA hai aura usI ko jainAgama meM sthAna diyA hai / cunAva kA mUla siddhAnta yaha hai ki usI viSaya kA upadeza upAdeya ho sakatA hai, jise vaktA ne yathArtha rUpa meM dekhA ho, itanA hI nahIM, kintu yathArtha rUpa meM kahA bhI ho| aisI koI bhI bAta pramANa bRhat0 144 aura usakI pAvaTIpa. vizeSA0 gA0 550.

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Agama-sAhitya ko rUpa-rekhA 11 nahIM mAnI jA sakatI, jisakA mUla uparyukta upadeza meM . na ho yA jo usase visaMgata ho| jo yathArthadarzI nahIM haiM, kintu yathArtha zrotA (zrutakevalI-dazapUrvI) haiM, unakI bhI vahI bAta pramANa mAnI jAtI hai, jo unhoMne yathArthadarzI se sAkSAt yA paraMparA se sunI hai / azruta kahane kA bhI adhikAra nahIM hai / tAtparya itanA hI hai ki koI bhI bAta tabhI pramANa mAnI jAtI hai, jaba usakA yathArtha anubhava evaM yathArtha darzana kisI na kisI ko huA ho / Agama vahI pramANa hai, jo pratyakSamUlaka hai / Agama-prAmANya ke isa siddhAnta ke anusAra pUrvokta Adeza AgamAntargata nahIM ho skte| digambaroM ne to amuka samaya ke bAda tIrthaMkarapraNIta Agama kA sarvathA lopa hI mAna liyA, isalie AdezoM ko AgamAntargata karane kI unako AvazyakatA hI nahIM huii| kintu zvetAmbaroM ne AgamoM kA saMkalana karake yathAzakti surakSita rakhane kA jaba prayatna kiyA, pratIta hotA hai, ki aisI bahuta-sI bAteM unheM mAlUma huIM, jo pUrvAcAryoM se zrutiparaMparA se AI huI to thIM. kintu jinakA mUlAdhAra tIrthaMkaroM ke upadezoM meM nahIM thA, aisI bAtoM ko bhI surakSA kI dRSTi se Agama meM sthAna diyA gayA aura unheM Adeza evaM muktaka kaha kara ke unakA anya prakAra ke Agama se pArthakya bhI sUcita kiyA / AgamoM ke saMrakSaNa meM bAdhAe~: Rgveda Adi vedoM kI surakSA bhAratIyoM kA adbhuta kArya hai| Aja bhI bhAratavarSa meM saikar3oM vedapAThI brAhmaNa mileMge, jo Adi se anta taka vedoM kA zuddha uccAraNa kara sakate haiM / unako veda pustaka kI AvazyakatA nahIM / veda ke artha kI paraMparA unake pAsa nahIM, kintu vedapATha kI paramparA to avazya hI hai / jainoM ne bhI apane Agama graMthoM ko surakSita rakhane kA vaisA hI prabala prayatna kiyA hai, kintu jisa rUpa meM bhagavAn ke upadeza ko gaNadharoM ne grathita kiyA thA, vaha rUpa Aja hamAre pAsa nahIM / usakI bhASA meM--vaha prAkRta hone ke kAraNa-parivartana honA svAbhAvika hI hai /

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12 Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana ataH brAhmaNoM kI taraha jainAcArya aura upAdhyAya aMga graMthoM kI akSarazaH surakSA nahIM kara sake haiM / itanA hI nahIM, kintu kaI sampUrNa granthoM ko bhUla cuke haiM aura kaI graMthoM kI avasthA vikRta kara dI hai / phira bhI itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai, ki aMgoM kA adhikAMza jo Aja upalabdha hai, vaha bhagavAn ke upadeza se adhika nikaTa hai / usameM parivartana aura parivardhana huA hai, kintu samUcA nayA hI mana gar3hanta hai, yaha to nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kyoMki jaina saMgha ne usa saMpUrNa zruta ko bacAne kA bAra-bAra jo prayatna kiyA hai, usakA sAkSI itihAsa hai / bhUtakAla meM jo bAdhAe~ jaina zruta ke nAza meM kAraNa huIM, kyA ve veda kA nAza nahIM kara sakatI thIM ? kyA kAraNa hai, ki jainazruta se bhI prAcIna veda to surakSita raha sakA aura jainazruta saMpUrNa nahIM, to adhikAMza naSTa ho gayA ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna isa prakAra hai / veda kI surakSA meM donoM prakAra kI vaMza paraMparAoM ne sahakAra evaM sahayoga diyA hai / janma-vaMza kI apekSA pitA ne putra ko aura usane apane putra ko tathA vidyA- vaMza kI apekSA guru ne ziSya ko aura usane apane ziSya ko veda sikhAkara vedapATha kI paraMparA avyavahita gati se cAlU rakhI, kintu jainAgama kI rakSA meM janma-vaMza ko koI sthAna hI nahIM / pitA apane putra ko nahIM, kintu guru apane ziSya ko hI par3hAtA hai / ataeva vidyA- vaMza kI apekSA se hI jainazruta kI paraMparA ko jIvita rakhane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai / yahI kamI jainazruta kI avyavasthA meM kAraNa huI hai / brAhmaNoM ko apanA suzikSita putra aura vaisA hI suzikSita brAhmaNa ziSya prApta hone meM koI kaThinAI nahIM hotI thI, kintu jaina zramaNa ke lie apanA suzikSita putra jaina kA adhikArI nahIM, guru ke pAsa to ziSya hI hotA hai, bhale hI vaha yogya ho, yA ayogya, kintu zruta kA adhikArI vahI hotA thA aura vaha bhI zramaNa ho taba / surakSA eka varNa vizeSa se huI hai, jisakA svArtha usakI surakSA meM hI thA / jainazruta kI surakSA vaise kisI varNavizeSa ke adhIna nahIM, kintu caturvarNa meM se koI bhI manuSya yadi jainazramaNa ho jAtA hai, to vahI jaina zruta kA adhikArI ho jAtA hai / veda kA adhikArI brAhmaNa *

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Agama-sAhitya kI rUpa-rekhA 13 adhikAra pAkara usase barI nahIM ho sktaa| usake lie jIvana kI prathamAvasthA meM niyamataH vedAdhyayana Avazyaka thA / anyathA brAhmaNa samAja meM usakA koI sthAna nahIM rahatA thaa| isake viparIta jaina zramaNa ko jainazruta kA adhikAra mila jAtA hai, kaI kAraNoM se vaha usa adhikAra ke upabhoga meM asamartha hI rahatA hai / brAhmaNa ke lie vedAdhyayana sarvasva thA, kintu jaina zramaNa ke lie AcAra-sadAcAra hI sarvasva hai| ataeva koI mandabuddhi ziSya sampUrNa zruta kA pATha na bhI kara sake, taba bhI usake mokSa meM kisI prakAra kI rukAvaTa nahIM thI aura aihika jIvana bhI nirbAdha rUpa se sadAcAra ke bala se vyatIta ho sakatA thA, jaina sUtroM kA dainika kriyAoM meM vizeSa upayoga bhI nahIM / eka sAmAyika pada mAtra se bhI mokSamArga sugama ho jAne kI jahA~ bAta ho, vahA~ virale hI sampUrNa zrutadhara hone kA prayatna kreN| adhikAMza vaidika sUktoM kA upayoga aneka prakAra ke kriyAkANDoM meM hotA hai jabaki kucha hI jainasUtroM kA upayoga zramaNa ke lie apane dainika jIvana meM hai / ataH zuddha jJAna-vijJAna kA rasa ho, tabhI jainAgama-samudra meM magna hone kI bhAvanA jAgRta hotI hai,kyoMki yahA~ to Agama kA adhikAMza bhAga binA jAne bhI zramaNa jIvana kA rasa mila sakatA hai / apanI smRti para bojha na bar3hA kara, pustakoM meM jainAgamoM ko lipibaddha karake bhI jaina zramaNa AgamoM ko bacA sakate the, kintu vaisA karane meM aparigrahavata kA bhaMga asahya thaa| usameM unhoMne asaMyama dekhaa| jaba unhoMne apane aparigrahavrata ko kucha zithila kiyA, taba taka ve AgamoM kA adhikAMza bhUla cuke the| pahile jisa pustaka-parigraha ko asaMyama kA kAraNa samajhA thA, usI ko saMyama kA kAraNa mAnane lage / kyoMki vaisA na karate to zruta-vinAza kA bhaya thaa| kintu aba kyA ho sakatA thaa| jo kucha unhoMne khoyA, vaha to mila hI nahIM sakatA thaa| lAbha itanA avazya huA, ki jaba se unhoMne pustaka-parigraha ko saMyama kA kAraNa mAnA, to jo kucha AgamikasaMpatti usa samaya zeSa raha gaI thI, 50 potthaesu ghepyaMtaetu asaMjamo bhavai. dazava0 cU0 pR0 21.. 18 kAlaM puNa paDucca caraNakaraNaTThA pravocchitinimittaM ca gelhamANassa potthae saMjamo bhavai, vazava0 cU0 pR0 21.

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14 Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana / vaha surakSita raha gaI / AcAra ke kaThora niyamoM ko zruta kI surakSA kI dRSTi se zithila kara diyA gyaa| zrutarakSA ke lie kaI apavAdoM kI sRSTi kI gaI / dainika AcAra meM bhI zruta-svAdhyAya ko adhika mahattva diyA gyaa| itanA karane para bhI jo maulika kamI thI, usakA nivAraNa to huA nhiiN| kyoMki guru apane zramaNa ziSya ko hI jJAna de sakatA thA / isa niyama kA to apavAda huA hI nahIM / ataeva adhyetA zramaNoM ke abhAva meM guru ke sAtha hI jJAna calA jAe, to usameM Azcarya kyA ? kaI kAraNoMse, vizeSakara jainazramaNa kI kaThora tapasyA aura atyanta kaThina AcAra ke kAraNa anya bauddhaAdi zramaNasaMghoM kI taraha jaina zramaNa saMgha kA saMkhyAbala zurU se hI kama rahA hai| isa sthiti meM kaNThastha kI to kyA, valabhI meM likhita sakala granthoM kI bhI surakSA na raha sakI ho, to isameM Azcarya hI kyA ? pATalIputra-vAcanA: bauddha itihAsa meM bhagavAna buddha ke upadeza ko vyavasthita karane ke lie bhikSuoM ne kAlakrama se kaI saMgItiyA~ kI thIM, yaha prasiddha hai / usI prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadeza ko bhI vyavasthita karane ke lie jaina AcAryoM ne bhI tIna vAcanAeM kI thiiN| jaba AcAryoM ne dekhA, ki zruta kA hrAsa ho rahA hai, usameM avyavasthA hogaI hai, taba jainAcAryoM ne ekatra hokara jainazruta ko vyavasthita kiyA hai| bhagavAn19 mahAvIra ke nirvANa se karIba 160 varSa bAda pATaliputra meM eka lambe samaya ke durbhikSa ke bAda jainazramaNasaMgha ekatrita huA thA / una dinoM madhyapradeza meM anAvRSTi ke kAraNa jainazramaNa titara-bitara ho gae the / ataeva aMgazAstra kI duravasthA honA svAbhAvika hI hai| ekatrita hue zramaNoM ne eka dUsare se pUcha-pUchakara 11 aMgoM ko vyavasthita kiyA, kintu dekhA gayA ki unameM se kisI ko bhI sampUrNa dRSTivAda kA parijJAna na thaa| usa samaya dRSTivAda ke jJAtA AcArya bhadrabAhu the, kintu 19 Avazyaka cUNi bhA 2, pR 187.

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Agama-sAhitya kI rUpa-rekhA 15 unhoMne 12 varSa ke lie vizeSa prakAra ke yogamArga kI sAdhanA kI thI, aura ve usa samaya nepAla meM the| ataeva saMgha ne sthUlabhadra ko aneka sAdhuoM ke sAtha dRSTivAda kI vAcanA lene ke lie bhadrabAhu ke pAsa bhejaa| unameM se dRSTivAda ko grahaNa karane meM kevala sthUlabhadra hI samartha siddha hue / unhoMne dazapUrva sIkhane ke bAda apanI zrutalabdhi-Rddhi kA prayoga kiyaa| isakA patA jaba bhadrabAhu ko calA, taba unhoMne Age adhyApana karAnA chor3a diyA / sthUlabhadra ke bahuta kucha anunaya-vinaya karane para ve rAjI hue kintu sthUlabhadra ko kahA, ki zeSa cAra pUrva kI anujJA maiM tumheM nahIM detaa| tumako maiM zeSa cAra pUrva kI sUtra vAcanA detA hU~, kintu tuma ise dUsaroM ko nahIM par3hAnA / 20 pariNAma yaha huA, ki sthUlabhadra taka caturdazapUrva kA jJAna zramaNasaMgha meM rahA / unakI mRtyu ke bAda 12 aMgoM meM se 11 aMga aura dazapUrva kA hI jJAna zeSa raha gyaa| sthUlabhadra kI mRtyu vIrani0 ke 215 varSa bAda (matAntara se 216) huii|| ___vastutaH dekhA jAe, to sthUlabhadra bhI zrutakevalI na the| kyoMki unhoMne dazapUrva to sUtrata: aura arthataH par3he the, kintu zeSa cAra pUrva mAtra sUtrata: par3he the / artha kA jJAna bhadrabAhu ne unheM nahIM diyA thaa| ataeva zvetAmbaroM ke mata se yahI kahanA hogA, ki bhadrabAhu kI mRtyu ke sAtha hI arthAt vIrAt 170 varSa ke bAda zruta-kevalI kA lopa hogyaa| usake bAda sampUrNazrata kA jJAtA koI nahIM haa| digambaroM ne zrutakevalI kA lopa 162 varSa bAda mAnA hai| donoM kI mAnyatAoM meM sirpha 8 varSa kA antara hai / AcArya bhadrabAhu taka ko donoM kI paraMparA isa prakAra hai 20 titthogA0801-2. vIranirvANasaMvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA pR0 64. 21 A0 kalyANa vijayajI ke mata se mRtyu nahIM, kintu yuga prabhAnasva kA anta, dekho, vIrani0 pR0 62 TippaNI

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16 Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana digambara 22 kevalI - gautama sudharmA 12 varSa 12,, 38 jambU zrutakevalI - viSNu 14 nandimitra 16 aparAjita 22 govardhana 16 bhadrabAhu 26 11 11 " 11 17 31 zvetAmbara sudharmA 24 jambU prabhava zayyaMbhava yazobhadra saMbhUtivijaya bhadrabAhu 20 varSa 44 "" 11 23 50 14 17 37 33 17 11 162 varSa 170 varSa sArAMza yaha hai, ki gaNadhara - grathita 12 aMgoM meM se prathama vAcanA ke samaya cAra pUrva nyUna 12 aMga zramaNasaMgha ke hAtha lage / kyoMki sthUlabhadra yadyapi sUtrataH sampUrNazruta ke jJAtA the, kintu unheM cAra pUrva kI vAcanA dUsaroM ko dene kA adhikAra nahIM thA / ataeva taba se saMgha meM zrutakevalI nahIM, kintu dazapUrvI hue aura aMgoM meM se utane hI zruta kI surakSA kA prazna thA / anuyoga kA pRthakkaraNa aura pUrvo kA viccheda : zvetAmbaroM ke mata se dazapUrvo kI paraMparA kA aMta AcArya vajra ke sAtha huA / AcAryaM vajra kI mRtyu vikrama 114 meM huI arthAt vIrAt 584 | isake viparIta digambaroM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra antima dazapUrvI dharmasena hue aura vIrAt 345 ke bAda dazapUrvI kA viccheda huA arthAt zrutakevalI kA viccheda digambaroM ne zvetAmbaroM se ATha varSa pUrva mAnA aura dazapUrvI kA viccheda 239 varSa pUrva maanaa| tAtparya yaha hai, ki zruti- viccheda kI gati digambaroM ke mata se adhika teja hai / zvetAmbaroM aura digambaroM ke mata se dazapUrvadharoM kI sUcI isa prakAra hai 22 dhavalA pu0 1 prastA0 pU0 26. 23 iNDiyana aeNkTI0 bhA0 11 sapTeM0 pu0 245 - 256. vIrani0 pR0 62. sudharmA kevalyAvasthA meM ATha varSa rahe, usake pahale chadmastha ke rUpa meM rahe. 24

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44 // Agama-sAhitya kI rUpa-rekhA 17 digambara 25 zvetAmbara26 vizAkhAcArya 10 varSa sthUlabhadra 45 varSa proSThila 16 , mahAgiri 30 , kSatriya 17 , suhastin jayasena guNasundara nAgasena kAlaka ,, (prajJApanA kartA) siddhArtha skaMdila (sAMDilya) dhRtiSeNa revatI mitra vijaya 13 , Arya maMgU buddhiliMga Arya dharma 24 // deva 14 ,, bhadragupta 36 // dharmasena . 16 ,, zrIgupta vajra 183 varSa 414 varSa +162=345 +170=584 Arya vajra ke bAda Arya rakSita hue| 13 varSa taka yuga-pradhAna rahe / unhoMne ziSyoM ko bhaviSya meM mati, medhA, dhAraNA Adi se rahita jAna karake anuyogoM kA vibhAga kara diyaa| abhI taka kisI eka sUtra kI vyAkhyA cAroM prakAra ke anuyogoM se hotI thii| usake sthAna meM unhoMne vibhAga kara diyA ki amuka sUtra kI vyAkhyA kevala eka hI anuyogaparaka kI jAegI jaise-caraNakaraNAnuyoga meM kAlika zruta gyAraha aMga, mahAkalpazruta aura chedasUtroM kA samAveza kiyaa| dharmakathAnuyoga meM RSibhASitoM kA; gaNitAnuyoga meM sUryaprajJapti kA, aura dRSTivAda kA dravyAnuyoga meM samAveza kara diyA / 25 dhavalA pu0 1 prastA0 pR0 26. 20 megatuMga-vicAraNI . vIrani0 pR0 64. 27 Avazyaka niyukti 363-777. vizeSAvazyakabhASya 2284-2265.

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18 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana jaba taka isa prakAra ke anuyogoM kA vibhAga nahIM thA, taba taka AcAryoM ke lie pratyeka sUtroM meM vistAra se nayAvatAra karanA bhI Avazyaka thA, kintu jaba se anuyogoM kA pArthakya kiyA gayA, taba se nayAvatAra bhI anAvazyaka ho gayA / 28 AryarakSitake bAda zrutakA paThana-pAThana pUrvavat nahIM calA hogA aura paryApta mAtrA meM zithilatA huI hogI, yaha ukta bAtase spaSTa hai / ataeva zrutameM uttarottara hrAsa honA bhI svAbhAvika hai / svayaM AryarakSita ke lie bhI kahA gayA hai, ki ve sampUrNa nava pUrva aura dazabha pUrva ke 24 yavika mAtra ke abhyAsI the| Arya rakSita bhI apane sabhI ziSyoM ko jJAta zruta dene meM asamartha hI hue| unakI jIvana kathA meM kahA gayA hai, ki unake ziSyoM meM se eka durbalikA puSpamitra hI sampUrNa navapUrva par3hane meM samartha huA, kintu vaha bhI usake abhyAsa ke na kara sakane ke kAraNa navama pUrva ko bhUla gayA / uttarottara pUrvo ke vizeSapAThiyoM kA hrAsa hokara eka samaya vaha AyA, jaba pUrvo kA vizeSajJa koI na rhaa| yaha sthiti vIra nirvANa ke eka hajAra varSa bAda huI / kintu digambaroM ke kathanAnusAra vIranirvANa saM0 683 ke bAda huii| mAthurI vAcanA: nandI sUtra kI cUrNi meM ullekha hai.', ki dvAdazavarSIya duSkAla ke kAraNa grahaNa, guNana evaM anuprekSA ke abhAva meM sUtra naSTa ho gayA / Arya skaMdila ke sabhApatitva meM bAraha varSa ke duSkAla ke bAda sAdhusaMgha mathurA meM ekatra huA aura jisako jo yAda thA, usake AdhAra para kAlikazruta ko vyavasthita kara liyA gayA / kyoMki yaha vAcanA mathurA meM huI / ataeva yaha mAthurI vAcanA khlaaii| kucha logoM kA kahanA hai, ki sUtra 28 Avazyaka niyukti 762. vizeSA0 2279. 22 vizeSA0 TI0 2511. 30 bhagavatI0 2.8. sattarisayaThANa-327. 31 nando cUNi pR0 8.

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Agama-sAhitya kI rUpa-rekhA 19 to naSTa nahIM huA, kintu pradhAna anuyogadharoM kA abhAva ho gayA / eka skaMdila AcArya hI bace the, jo anuyogadhara the| unhoMne mathurA meM anya sAdhuoM ko anuyoga diyaa| ataeva vaha mAthurI vAcanA khlaaii| ___ isase itanA to spaSTa hai, ki dubArA bhI duSkAla ke kAraNa zrutakI duravasthA ho gaI thii| isa bAra kI saMkalanA kA zreya AcArya skaMdila ko hai / muni zrI kalyANavijayajI ne AcArya skaMdila kA yugapradhAnatva kAla vIranirvANa saMvat 827 se 840 taka mAnA hai| ataeva yaha vAcanA isI bIca huI hogI / 32 isa vAcanA ke phalasvarUpa Agama likhe bhI ge| vAlamI vAcanA: jaba mathurA meM vAcanA huI thI, usI kAla meM valabhI meM nAgArjuna sUri ne zramaNasaMgha ko ekatra karake AgamoM ko vyavasthita karane kA prayatna kiyA thaa| aura 'vAcaka nAgArjuna aura ekatrita saMgha ko jo-jo Agama aura unake anuyogoM ke uparAMta prakaraNa grantha yAda the, ve likha lie gae aura vismRta sthaloM ko pUrvApara saMbaMdha ke anusAra ThIka karake usake anusAra vAcanA dI gaI33 / '' isameM pramukha nAgArjuna the| ataeva isa vAcanA ko 'nAgArjunIya vAcanA' bhI kahate haiM / devadhigaNi kA pustaka-lekhana : "uparyukta vAcanAoM ke sampanna hue karIba Der3ha sau varSa se adhika samaya vyatIta ho cukA thA, usa samaya phira valabhI nagara meM devadhigaNi kSamAzramaNa kI adhyakSatA meM zramaNasaMgha ikaTThA huA, aura pUrvokta donoM vAcanAoM ke samaya likhe gae siddhAntoM ke uparAnta jo-jo grantha-prakaraNa maujUda the, una saba ko likhAkara surakSita karane kA nizcaya kiyA / isa zramaNa-samavasaraNa meM donoM vAcanAoM ke siddhAntoM kA paraspara samanvaya kiyA gayA aura jahA~ taka ho sakA bhedabhAva miTA kara unheM ekarUpa 32 vIrani pu0 104. 33 vIrani0 pR0 110.

Page #46
Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana kara diyA / jo mahatvapUrNa bheda the, unheM pAThAntara ke rUpa meM TIkAcUrNioM meM saMgRhIta kiyA / kitaneka prakIrNaka grantha jo kevala eka hI vAcanA meM the, vaise ke vaise pramANa mAne ge|" 20 yahI kAraNa hai, ki mUla aura TIkA meM hama 'vAyaNaMtare puNa' yA 'nAgArjunIyAstu paThanti' jaise ullekha pAte haiM 35 / yaha kArya vIranirvANa saM0 680 meM huA aura vAcanAntara ke anusAra 663 meM huA / vartamAna meM jo Agamagrantha upalabdha haiM unakA adhikAMza isI samaya meM sthira huA thA / nandI sUtra meM jo sUcI hai, use hI yadi valabhI meM pustakArUr3ha sabhI AgamoM kI sUcI mAnI jAe, taba kahanA hogA, ki kaI Agama ukta lekhana ke bAda bhI naSTa hue haiM / vizeSa karake prakIrNaka to aneka naSTa ho gae haiM / kevala vIrastava nAmaka eka prakIrNaka aura piNDaniryukta aise haiM jo nandIsUtra meM ullikhita nahIM haiM, kintu zvetAmbaroM ko AgamarUpa se mAnya haiM / pUrvo ke AdhAra se bane grantha : digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM ke mata se pUrvo kA viccheda ho gayA hai, kintu pUrvagata zruta kA viSaya sarvathA lupta ho gayA ho, yaha bAta nahIM / kyoMki donoM saMpradAyoM meM kucha aise grantha aura prakaraNa maujUda haiM, jinakA AdhAra pUrvoM ko batAyA jAtA hai / digambara AcAryoM ne pUrva ke AdhAra para hI SaTkhaNDAgama aura kaSAyaprAbhRta kI racanA kI hai / yaha Age batAyA jaaegaa| isa viSaya meM zvetAmbara mAnyatA kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai / zvetAMbaroM ke mata se dRSTivAda meM hI saMpUrNa vAGmaya kA avatAra hotA hai, kintu durbalamati puruSa aura striyoM ke lie ho dRSTivAda ke 34 vahI pu0 112. 35 vahIM pR0 116.

Page #47
Agama- sAhitya kI rUpa-rekhA 21 viSaya ko lekara zeSa granthoM kI sarala racanA hotI hai / isI mata ko mAna karake yaha kahA jAtA hai, ki gaNadhara sarva prathama pUrvoM kI racanA karate haiM, aura unhIM pUrvoM ke AdhAra se zeSa aGgoM kI racanA karate haiM" / yaha mata ThIka bhI pratIta hotA hai / kintu isakA tAtparya itanA hI samajhanA cAhie, ki vartamAna AcArAMga Adi se pahale jo zAstrajJAna zrutarUpa meM vidyamAna thA, vahI pUrva ke nAma se prasiddha huA aura usI ke AdhAra para bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko dhyAna meM rakha kara dvAdazAMga kI racanA huI, aura una pUrvoM ko bhI bArahaveM aMga ke eka deza meM praviSTa kara diyA gayA / pUrva ke hI AdhAra para jaba sarala rIti se grantha bane, taba pUrvo ke adhyayana adhyApana kI ruci kama honA svAbhAvika hai / yahI kAraNa hai, ki sarvaprathama viccheda bhI usI kA huA / yaha to eka sAmAnya siddhAnta huA / kintu kucha granthoM aura prakaraNoM ke viSaya meM to yaha spaSTa nirdeza hai, ki unakI racanA amuka pUrva se kI gaI hai / yahA~ hama unakI sUcI dete haiM- jisase patA cala jAegA, ki kevala digambara mAnya SaTkhaNDAgama aura kaSAyaprAbhRta hI aise grantha nahIM, jinakI racanA pUrvI ke AdhAra se kI gaI hai, kintu zvetAbaroM ke AgamarUpa se upalabdha aise aneka grantha aura prakaraNa haiM, jinakA AdhAra pUrva hI hai / . 1. mahAkalpa zruta nAmaka AcArAMga ke nizIthAdhyayana kI racanA, pratyAkhyAna pUrva ke tRtIya AcAra vastu ke bIsaveM pAhuDa se huI hai / 2. dazakAlika sUtra ke dharmaprajJapti adhyayana kI AtmapravAda pUrva se, piNDeSaNAdhyayana kI karmapravAda pUrva se, vAkyazuddhi adhyayana kI OM vizeSA0 gA0 551-552. bRhat0 145-146. OM nando cUrNi pR0 56. Avazyaka niryukti 262 3. isake viparIta dUsarA mata sarvaprathama AcArAMga kI racanA hotI hai aura kramazaH zeSa zraMgoM kI - AcA0 niryu08, 6. zrAcA0 cUrNi pR0 3. dhavalA pu0 1, pR0 65. 38 AcA0 ni0 261.

Page #48
22 bhAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana satyapravAda pUrva se aura zeSa adhyayanoM kI racanA navama pratyAkhyAna pUrva ke tRtIya vastu se huI hai / isake racayitA zayyaMbhava haiN| 3. AcArya bhadrabAhu ne dazAzrutaskaMdha, kalpa aura vyavahAra sUtra , kI racanA pratyAkhyAna pUrva se kI hai| 4. uttarAdhyayana kA parISahAdhyayana karmapravAda pUrva se uddhRta hai| inake alAvA Agametara sAhitya meM vizeSa kara karma sAhitya kA adhikAMzA pUrvoddhRta hai, kintu yahA~ aprastuta hone se unakI carcA nahIM kI jAtI hai| dvAdaza aMga: ___ aba yaha dekhA jAe, ki jainoM ke dvArA kauna-kauna se grantha vartamAna meM vyavahAra meM AgamarUpa se mAne gae haiM ? jainoM ke tInoM sampradAyoM meM isa viSaya meM to vivAda hai hI nahIM, ki sakala zruta kA mUlAdhAra gaNadhara grathita dvAdazAMga hai, tInoM sampradAya meM bAraha aMgoM ke nAma ke viSaya meM bhI prAyaH eka mata hai / ve bAraha aMga ye haiM 1. AcAra 2. sUtrakRta 3. sthAna 4. samavAya 5. vyAkhyAprajJapti 6. jJAtadharmakathA 7. upAsakadazA 8. aMtakRddazA hai. anuttaropapAtikadazA 10. praznavyAkaraNa 11. vipAka 12. dRSTivAda / tInoM sampradAyoM ke vicAra se antima aMga dRSTivAda kA sarvaprathama lopa ho gayA hai| digambara mata se zruta kA viccheda : digambaroM kA kahanA hai, ki vIra-nirvANa ke bAda zruta kA kramazaH hrAsa hote hote 683 varSa ke bAda koI aMgadhara yA pUrvadhara AcArya rahA hI nhiiN| aMga aura pUrva ke aMzamAtra ke jJAtA AcArya hue / aMga aura pUrva ke aMzadhara AcAryoM kI paramparA meM hone vAle puSpadaMta aura bhUtabali AcAryoM ne SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA dUsare agrAyaNIya pUrva ke aMza ke AdhAra se kI, aura AcArya guNadhara ne pAMcaveM pUrva jJAna-pravAda ke aMza

Page #49
ke AdhAra se kaSAyapAhuDa kI racanA kI AmnAya meM Agama kA sthAna prApta hai / lupta ho gae haiM / digambaroM ke mata se vIra - nirvANa ke bAda jisa krama se zruta kA lopa huA, vaha nIce diyA jAtA hai4 " - 3. kevalI - gautamAdi pUrvokta Agama - sAhitya kI rUpa-rekhA 23 / ina donoM graMthoM ko digambara usake matAnusAra aMga-Agama 5. zrutakevalI - viSNu Adi pUrvokta11. vazapUrvI - vizAkhAcArya Adi pUrvokta 5. ekAdazAMgadhArI - nakSatra 4. zrAcArAMgadhArI - subhadra yazobhadra jasapAla (jayapAla ) pANDu dhruvasena kaMsAcArya yazobAhu lohAcArya 62 varSa 100 varSa 183 varSa 220 varSa 118 varSa 683 varSa digambaroM ke aMgabAhya graMtha : ukta aMga ke atirikta 14 aMgabAhya AgamoM kI racanA bhI sthaviroM ne kI thI, aisA mAnate hue bhI digambaroM kA kahanA hai, ki una aMgabAhya Agama kA bhI lopa ho gayA hai / una caudaha aMgabAhya AgamoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM 1 sAmAyika 2 caturviMzatistava 3 vaMdanA 4 pratikramaNa 5 vainayika 6 kRti-karma 7 dazavaikAlika 8 uttarAdhyayana 6 kalpa vyavahAra 10 kalpAkalpika 11 mahAkalpika 12 puNDarIka 13 mahApuNDarIka 14 nizIthikA 42 / 60. ghavalA pu0 1 prastA0 pR0 71, jayadhavalA pR0 87. 41 dekhI jayadhavalA prastA0 pR0 46. 42 jayaSavalA pU0 25. bhavalA pu0 1, pR0 66. gomaTTasAra jIva0 367, 365.

Page #50
24 Agama-yuga kA jaina- varzana zvetAmbaroM ke donoM sampradAyoM ke aMgabAhya graMthoM kI aura tadgata adhyayanoM kI sUcI ko dekhane se spaSTa ho jAtA hai, ki ukta 14 digambara mAnya aMgabAhya AgamoM meM se adhikAMza zvetAmbaroM ke mata se surakSita haiM / unakA viccheda huA hI nahIM / digambaroM ne mUlaAgama kA Agama jitanA hI mahattva diyA hai, prasiddha cAra anuyogoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai 1. prathamAnuyoga - padmapurANa lopa mAna kara aura unheM jaina 4. bhI kucha granthoM ko veda kI saMjJA dekara ( raviSeNa ), harivaMzapurANa ( jinasena ), AdipurANa ( jinasena), uttarapurANa ( guNabhadra ) / 2. karaNAnuyoga - sUryaprajJapti, candraprajJapti, jayadhavala / 3. dravyAnuyoga - pravacanasAra, samayasAra, niyamasAra, paJcAstikAya, ( ye cAroM kundakundakRta ) tattvArthAdhigama sUtra ( umAsvAti kRta) aura usakI samantabhadra, pUjyapAda, akalaGka, vidyAnanda Adi kRta TIkAe~, AptamImAMsA ( samantabhadra ) aura usakI akalaGka, vidyAnanda Adi kRta TIkAe~ / caraNAnuyoga - mUlAcAra ( vaTTakera ), trivarNAcAra, ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra44 / isa sUcI se spaSTa hai, ki isa meM dazavIM zatAbdI taka likhe gae graMthoM kA samAveza huA hai / sthAnakavAsI ke Agama-grantha : zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI saMpradAya ke mata se dRSTivAda ko chor3a kara sabhI aMga surakSita haiM / aMgabAhya ke viSaya meM isa saMpradAya kA mata hai. ki kevala nimnalikhata graMtha hI surakSita haiM / 43 anupalabdha hai. 44 jainadharma pR0 107 hisTrI opha inDiyana liTarecara bhA0 2 pU0 474.

Page #51
Agama-sAhitya ko rUpa-rekhA 25 aMgabAhya meM 12 upAMga, 4 cheda, 4 mUla aura 1 Avazyaka isa prakAra kevala 21 graMthoM kA samAveza hai, vaha isa prakAra se hai12 upAMga-1 aupapAtika 2 rAjapraznIya 3 jIvAbhigama 4 prajJApanA 5 sUryaprajJapti 6 jambUdvIpaprajJapti 7 candraprajJapti 8 nirayAvalI 6 kalpAvataMsikA 10 puSpikA 11 puSpacUlikA 12 vRSNidazA / zAstroddhAra mImAMsA meM (pR0 41) pUjya amolakha RSi ne likhA hai, ki candraprajJapti aura sUryaprajJapti ye donoM jJAtAdharma ke upAMga haiM / isa apavAda ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kramazaH AcArAMga kA aupapAtika Adi krama se aMgoM ke sAtha upAMgoM kI yojanA kara lenA caahie| 4 cheda-1 vyavahAra 2 bRhatkalpa 3 nizItha 4 dazA-zrutaskaMdha / 4 mUla-1 dazavaikAlika 2 uttarAdhyayana 3 nandI 4 anuyoga dvAra / 1 Avazyaka-isa prakAra saba milakara 21 aMgabAhya-grantha vartamAna 21 aMgabAhya-granthoM ko jisa rUpa meM sthAnakavAsiyoM ne mAnA hai, zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka unheM usI rUpa meM mAnate haiM / isake alAvA kucha anya graMthoM kA bhI astitva svIkAra kiyA hai, jinheM sthAnakavAsI pramANabhUta nahIM mAnate yA lupta mAnate haiM / sthAnakavAsI ke samAna usI saMpradAya kA eka upasaMpradAya teraha paMtha ko bhI 11 aMga aura 21 aMgabAhya graMthoM kA hI astitva aura prAmANya svIkRta hai anya graMthoM kA nahIM / ina donoM sampradAyoM meM niyukti Adi graMthoM kA prAmANya asvIkRta hai| yadyapi vartamAna meM kucha sthAnakavAsI sAdhuoM kI, Agama ke itihAsa ke prati dRSTi jAne se tathA AgamoM kI niyukti jaisI prAcIna TIkAoM ke abhyAsa se, dRSTi kucha udAra huI hai, aura ve yaha svIkAra . For Private &Personal Use Only

Page #52
26 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana . karane lage haiM, ki dazavakAlika Adi zAstra ke praNetA gaNadhara nahIM, kintu zayyaMbhava Adi sthavira haiM, tathApi jina logoM kA Agama ke TIkATippaNiyoM para koI vizvAsa nahIM tathA jinheM saMskRta TIkA granthoM ke abhyAsa ke prati abhiruci nahIM hai una sAmpradAyika manovRtti vAloM kA yahI vizvAsa pratIta hotA hai, ki aMga aura aMgabAhya donoM prakAra ke Agama ke kartA gaNadhara hI the, anya sthavira nahIM / bhavetAmbaroM ke Agama graMtha : _ yaha to kahA hI jA cukA hai, ki aMgoM ke viSaya meM kisI kA bhI matabheda nahIM / ataeva zvetAmbaroM ko bhI pUrvokta 12 aMga mAnya haiM, jinheM anya digambarAdi ne mAnA hai / antara yahI hai, ki digambaroM ne 12 aMgoM ko pUrvokta krama se viccheda mAnA, jabaki zvetAmbaroM ne sirpha antima aMga kA viccheda mAnA / unakA kahanA hai, ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 1000 varSa bAda hI pUrvagata kA viccheda46 huA hai| jaba taka usakA viccheda nahIM huA thA, AcAryoM ne pUrva ke viSayoM ko lekara aneka racanAe~ kI thiiN| isa prakAra kI adhikAMza racanAoM kA samAveza aMga bAhya meM kiyA gayA hai| kucha aisI bhI racanAe~ haiM, jinakA samAveza aMga meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| digambaroM ne 14, sthAnakavAsiyoM ne 21 aura zvetAmbaroM ne 34 aMgabAhya grantha mAne haiN| zvetAmbaroM ke mata se upalabdha 11 aMga aura 34 aMgabAhya granthoM kI sUcI isa prakAra hai 11. aMga-pUrvokta AcArAMga Adi / 12. upAMga-aupapAtika Adi pUrvokta / 10. prakIrNaka-1 catuHzaraNa 2 AturapratyAkhyAna 3 bhaktaparijJA 4 saMstAraka 5 taMdulavaicArika 6 candravedhyaka 7 devendrastava 8 gaNividyA 6 mahApratyAkhyAna 45 zAstrodvAra mImAMsA pR0 43, 45, 47. 46 bhagavatI-2-8. titthogA. 801. sattarisayaThAraNa-327.

Page #53
sava / Agama-sAhitya kI rUpa-rekhA 27 10 vIrastavaH / 6. chedasUtra-1 nizItha 2 mahAnizItha 3 vyavahAra 4 dazAzruta skaMdha 5 bRhatkalpa 6 jItakalpa / 4. mUla-1 uttarAdhyayana 2 dazavakAlika 3 Avazyaka 4 piMDa niyukti / 2. cUlikAsUtra-1 nandIsUtra 2 anuyogadvAra / AgamoM kA racanAkAla : jaisA ki hamane dekhA, AgamazabdavAcya eka grantha nahIM, kintu aneka vyakti kartRka aneka graMthoM kA samudAya hai / ataeva Agama kI racanA kA koI eka kAla batAyA nahIM jA sktaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA upadeza vikrama pUrva 500 varSa meM zurU huA / ataeva upalabdha kisI bhI Agama kI racanA kA usake pahale honA sabhava nahIM hai, aura dUsarI ora aMtima vAcanA ke AdhAra para pustaka lekhana valabhImeM vikrama saM0 510 (matAntara se 523) meM huaa| ataeva tadantargata koI zAstra vikrama 525 ke bAda kA nahIM ho sktaa| isa maryAdA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hameM sAmAnyataH Agama kI racanA ke kAla kA vicAra karanA hai| ___aMga gratha gaNadhara kRta kahe jAte haiM, kintu unameM sabhI eka se prAcIna nahIM haiM / AcArAMga ke hI prathama aura dvitIya zrutaskaMdha bhAva aura bhASA meM bhinna haiM / yaha koI bhI dekhane vAlA kaha sakatA hai / prathama zrutaskaMdha dvitIya se hI nahIM, kintu samasta jainavAGmaya meM sabase prAcIna aMza hai / usameM parivardhana aura parivartana sarvathA nahIM hai, yaha to nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kintu usameM nayA sabase kama milAyA gayA hai, yaha to 47 dazaprakIrNaka kucha parivartana ke sAtha bhI ginAe jAte haiM, dekho kenonikala liTarecara propha jainsa pR0 45-51. 48 kisI ke mata se prodhaniyukti bhI isameM samAviSTa hai. koI piNDaniyukti ke . ___ sthAna meM prodhaniyukti ko mAnate haiM. 49 catuHzaraNa aura bhaktaparijJA jaise prakIrNaka jinakA ullekha nandI meM nahIM hai, ve isameM apavAda haiN| ye grantha kaba AgamAntargata kara lie gae kahanA kaThina hai.

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28 Agama-yuga kA jana-varzana nizcayapUrvaka kahA hI jA sakatA hai / vaha bhagavAn ke sAkSAt upadeza rUpa na bhI ho, taba bhI usake atyanta nikaTa to hai hii| isa sthiti meM use hama vikrama pUrva 300 se bAda kI saMkalanA nahIM kaha sakate / adhika saMbhava yahI hai, ki vaha prathama vAcanA kI saMkalanA hai / AcArAMga kA dvitIya zruta skandha AcArya bhadrabAhu ke bAda kI racanA honA cAhie, kyoMki usameM prathama zrutaskaMdha kI apekSA bhikSuoM ke niyamopaniyama ke varNana meM vikasita bhUmikA kI sUcanA milatI hai| ise hama vikrama pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI se idhara kI racanA nahIM kaha sakate / yahI bAta hama anya sabhI aMgoM ke viSaya meM sAmAnyataH kaha sakate haiN| kintu isakA matalaba yaha nahIM hai, ki usameM jo kucha saMkalita hai, vaha isI zatAbdI kA hai / vastu to purAnI hai, jo gaNadharoM kI paramparA se calI AtI thI, usI ko saMkalita kiyA gyaa| isakA matalaba yaha bhI nahIM samajhanA cAhie, ki vikrama pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI ke bAda inameM kucha nayA nahIM jor3A gayA hai / sthAnAMga jaise aMga granthoM meM vIra nirvANa kI chaThI zatAbdI kI ghaTanA kA bhI ullekha AtA hai| kintu isa prakAra ke kucha aMzoM ko chor3a karake bAkI saba bhAva purAne hI haiM / bhASA meM yatra-tatra kAla kI gati aura prAkRta bhASA hone ke kAraNa bhASA-vikAsa ke niyamAnusAra parivartana honA anivArya hai / kyoMki prAcIna samaya meM isakA paThana-pAThana likhita graMthoM se nahIM kintu, kaNThopakaNTha se hotA thaa| prazna vyAkaraNa aMga kA varNana jaisA nandI sUtra meM hai, use dekhate hue upalabdha prazna vyAkaraNa aMga samUcA hI bAda kI racanA ho, aisA pratIta hotA hai / valabhI vAcanA ke bAda kaba yaha aMga naSTa ho gayA aura kaba usake sthAna meM nayA banAkara jor3A gayA, isake jAnane kA hamAre pAsa koI sAdhana nahIM, itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai, ki abhayadeva kI TIkA, jo ki vi0 12 vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM likhI gaI hai, se pahale vaha kabhI kA bana cukA thaa| __ aba upAMga ke samaya ke bAre meM vicAra kramaprApta hai / prajJApanA kA racanAkAla nizcita hI hai| prajJApana ke kartA Arya zyAma haiM / unakA

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Agama - sAhitya kI rUpa-rekhA 29 dUsarA nAma kAlakAcArya ( nigodavyAkhyAtA ) hai inako vIranirvANa saM 0 0 335 meM yugapradhAna pada milA hai / aura ve usa pada para 376 taka bane rahe / isI kAla kI racanA prajJApanA hai / ataeva yaha racanA vikramapUrva 135 se 64 ke bIca kI honI cAhie / zeSa upAMgoM ke kartA kA koI patA nahIM / kintu inake kartA gaNadhara to nahIM mAne jAte / anya sthavira mAne jAte haiM / ye saba kisI eka hI kAla kI racanA nahIM haiM / candraprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti aura jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti ina tIna upAMgoM kA samAveza digambaroM ne dRSTivAda ke prathama bheda parikarma meM kiyA hai" / nandI sUtra meM bhI unakA nAmollekha hai / ataeva ye graMtha zvetAmbaradigambara ke bheda se prAcIna hone caahie| inakA samaya vikrama saM0 ke prArambha se idhara nahIM A sakatA / zeSa upAMgoM ke viSaya meM bhI sAmAnyataH yahI kahA jA sakatA hai / upalabdha candraprajJapti meM aura sUrya prajJapti meM koI vizeSa bheda nahIM / ataH saMbhava hai, ki mUla candraprajJapti vicchinna ho gayA ho / prakIrNakoM kI racanA ke viSaya meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai, ki unakI racanA samaya-samaya para huI hai / aura antima maryAdA vAlabhI vAcanA taka khIMcI jA sakatI hai / chedasUtra meM dazAzruta, bRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra sUtroM kI racanA bhadrabAhu ne kI hai ataeva unakA samaya vIranirvANa saMvat 170 se idhara nahIM ho sakatA / vikrama saM0 300 ke pahale ve bane the / inake Upara niyukti bhASya Adi TIkAe~ banI haiM / ataeva ina graMthoM meM parivartana kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai / nizIthasUtra to AcArAMga kI cUlikA hai, ataeva vaha bhI prAcIna hai / kintu jItakalpa to AcArya jinabhadra kI racanA hai / jaba paJcakalpa naSTa ho gayA, taba jItakalpa, ko cheda meM sthAna milA hogA / yaha kahane kI apekSA yahI kahanA ThIka hogA, ki vaha kalpavyavahAra aura nizItha ke sArasaMgraharUpa hai / isI AdhAra para use cheda meM 50 vIrani0 pu0 64. 51 dhavalA prastAvanA pu0 2, pR0 43.

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20 Agama-yuga kA jena-darzana sthAna milA hai| mahAnizItha sUtra jo upalabdha hai, vaha vahI hai, jise AcArya haribhadra ne naSTa hote bcaayaa| usakI vartamAna saMkalanA kA zreya AcArya haribhadra ko hai| ataeva usakA samaya bhI vahI mAnanA cAhie, jo haribhadra kA hai / kintu vastu to vAstava meM purAnI hai / mUlasUtroM meM dazavakAlika sUtra AcArya zayyambhava kI kRti hai / unako yuga-pradhAna pada vIra ni0 saM0 75 meM milA, aura ve usa pada para mRtyu taka vIra ni0 68 taka bane rahe / dazavakAlika kI racanA vikrama pUrva 365 aura 372 ke bIca huI hai / dazavakAlika sUtra ke viSaya meM hama itanA kaha sakate haiM, ki tadgata cUlikAe~, sambhava haiM bAda meM jor3I gaI hoN| isake alAvA usameM koI parivartana yA parivardhana huA ho yaha sambhava nahIM / uttarAdhyayana kisI eka AcArya kI kRti nahIM, aura na vaha eka kAla kI kRti hai / phira bhI use vikrama pUrva dUsarI yA tIsarI zatAbdI kA mAnane meM kisI prakAra kI bAdhA nahIM / Avazyaka sUtra aMga bAhya hone se gaNadharakRta nahIM ho sakatA, kintu vaha samakAlIna kisI sthavira kI racanA honI cAhie / sAdhuoM ke AcAra meM nityopayoga meM AnevAlA yaha sUtra hai / ataeva isakI racanA dazavaikAlika se bhI pahale mAnanA cAhie / aMgoM meM jahA~ paThana kA jikra AtA hai, vahA~ sAmAiyAiNi ekAdasaMgANi'par3hane kA jikra AtA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki sAdhuoMko sarva prathama Avazyaka sUtra par3hAyA jAtA thaa| isase bhI yahI mAnanA par3atA hai, ki isakI racanA vikrama pUrva 470 ke pahale ho cukI thii| piNDa niyukti, yaha dazavakAlika kI niyukti kA aMza hai| ataeva vaha bhadrabAhu dvitIya kI racanA hone ke kAraNa vikrama pAMcavIM chaThI zatAbdI kI kRti honI caahie| cUlikA sUtroMmeM nandI sUtrakI racanA to devavAcaka kI hai / ataH usakA samaya vikramakI chaThI zatAbdI se pUrva honA caahie| anuyogadvArasUtrake kartA kauna the yaha kahanA kaThina hai / kintu vaha Avazyaka sUtrake bAda banA hogA, kyoMki usameM usI sUtrakA anuyoga kiyA gayA hai / bahuta kucha saMbhava hai, ki vaha Arya rakSitake bAda banA ho, yA unhoMne banAyA

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Agama-sAhitya kI rUpa-rekhA 31 ho / usakI racanAkA kAla vikramapUrva to avazya hI hai| yaha saMbhava hai, ki usameM parivardhana yatra-tatra huA ho| AgamoM ke samaya meM yahA~ jo carcA kI hai, vaha antima nahIM hai / jaba pratyeka Agama kA antarbAhya nirIkSaNa karake isa carcA ko paripUrNa kiyA jAyagA, taba unakA samayanirNaya ThIka ho sakegA / yahA~ to sAmAnya nirUpaNa karane kA prayatna hai| AgamoM kA viSaya: jainAgamoM meM se kucha to aise haiM, jo jaina AcAra se sambandha rakhate haiM / jaise-AcArAMga, dazavakAlika Adi / kucha upadezAtmaka haiM / jaiseuttarAdhyayana, prakIrNaka Adi / kucha tatkAlIna bhUgola aura khagola Adi mAnyatAoM kA varNana karate haiN| jaise-jambUdvIpa-prajJapti, sUrya-prajJapti Adi / chedasUtroMkA pradhAna viSaya jainasAdhuoMke AcAra sambandhI autsagika aura ApavAdika niyamoMkA varNana tathA prAyazcittoMkA vidhAna karanA hai| kucha grantha aise haiM, jinameM jinamArgake anuyAyiyoMkA jIvana diyA gayA hai / jaise--upAsakadazAMga, anuttaropapAtika dazA Adi / kuchameM kalpita kathAe~ dekara upadeza diyA gayA hai| jaise-jJAtRdharma kathA Adi / vipAka meM zubha aura azubha karmakA vipAka kathAoM dvArA batAyA gayA hai / bhagavatI sUtrameM bhagavAn mahAvIrake sAtha hue saMvAdoMkA saMgraha hai| bauddhasuttapiTaka kI taraha nAnA viSaya ke praznottara bhagavatI meM saMgRhIta haiN| darzanake sAtha sambandha rakhane vAle Agama mukhyarUpase ye haiM-sUtrakRta, prajJApanA, rAjapraznIya, bhagavatI, naMdI, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga aura anuyoga dvAra / sUtrakRtameM tatkAlIna anya dArzanika vicAroM kA nirAkaraNa karake svamatakI prarUpaNA kI gaI hai / bhUtavAdiyoMkA nirAkaraNa karake AtmA kA pRthak astitva batalAyA hai / brahmavAdake sthAnameM nAnAtmavAda sthira kiyA hai / jIva aura zarIra ko pRthak batAyA hai / karma aura usake phalakI sattA 52 dekho, premI abhindana pranya.

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Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana sthira kI hai / jagadutpatti ke viSaya meM nAnAvAdoM kA nirAkaraNa karake vizvako kisI Izvara yA anya kisI vyaktine nahIM banAyA, vaha to anAdi-ananta hai, isa siddhAnta kI sthApanA kI gaI hai / tatkAlIna kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, vinayavAda aura ajJAnavAda kA nirAkaraNa karake vizuddha kriyAvAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai / 32 prajJApanAmeM jIvake vividha bhAvoMko lekara vistArase vicAra kiyA gayA hai / rAjapraznIya meM pArzvanAthakI paramparAmeM hone vAle kezIzramaNa ne zrAvastIke rAjA paesIke praznoMke uttara meM nAstikavAda kA nirAkaraNa karake AtmA aura tatsambandhI aneka tathyoM ko dRSTAnta aura yuktipUrvaka samajhAyA hai / bhagavatI sUtra ke aneka praznottaroM meM naya, pramANa Adi aneka dArzanika vicAra bikhare par3e haiM / nandIsUtra jaina dRSTi se jJAnake svarUpa aura bhedoMkA vizleSaNa karanevAlI eka sundara evaM sarala kRti hai / sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga kI racanA bauddhoMke aMguttaranikAya ke DhaMga kI hai / ina donoMmeM bhI AtmA, pudgala, jJAna, naya aura pramANa Adi viSayoM kI carcA kI gaI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana meM hone vAle nihnavoM kA ullekha sthAnAMga meM hai / isa prakAra ke sAta vyakti batAe gae haiM, jinhoMne kAlakramase bhagavAn mahAvIrake siddhAMtoMkI bhinna-bhinna bAtako lekara apanA matabheda prakaTa kiyA thA / ve hI nihnava kahe gae haiM / anuyoga meM zabdArtha karanekI prakriyAkA varNana mukhya hai, kintu prasaGgase usameM pramANa aura naya kA tathA tattvoM kA nirUpaNa bhI acche DhaMga se huA hai / AgamoM kI TIkAe : ina AgamoMkI TIkAe~ prAkRta aura saMskRta meM huI haiM / prAkRta TIkAe~ niryukti, bhASya aura cUrNike nAmase likhI gaI haiN| niryukti 53 vahI.

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Agama-sAhitya kI rUpa-rekhA 33 aura bhASya padyamaya haiM aura cUNi gadyamaya haiM,upalabdha niyuktiyoM kA adhikAMza bhadrabAhu dvitIya kI racanA haiN| unakA samaya vikrama pAMcavIM yA chaThI zatAbdI hai / niyuktiyoMmeM bhadrabAhune aneka sthaloM para dArzanika carcAeM bar3e sundara DhaMgase kI haiM / vizeSakara bauddhoM tathA cArvAkoMke viSaya meM niyukti meM jahA~ kahIM bhI avasara milA, unhoMne avazya likhA hai| AtmA kA astitva unhoMne siddha kiyA hai / jJAnakA sUkSma nirUpaNa tathA ahiMsAkA tAttvika vivecana kiyA hai / zabdake artha karanekI paddhatimeM to ve niSNAta the hii| pramANa, naya aura nikSepa ke viSaya meM likhakara bhadrabAhu ne jaina darzanakI bhUmikA pakkI kI hai| kisI bhI viSaya kI carcA kA apane samaya taka kA pUrNarUpa dekhanA ho, to bhASya dekhanA caahie| bhASyakAroMmeM prasiddha saMghadAsagaNI aura jinabhadra haiM / inakA samaya sAtavIM zatAbdI hai / jinabhadrane vizeSAvazyaka-bhASya meM Agamika padArthoMkA tarka-saMgata vivecana kiyA hai| pramANa, naya aura nikSepa kI saMpUrNa carcA to unhoMne kI hI hai| isake alAvA tattvoMkA bhI tAttvika yuktisaMgata vivecana unhoMne kiyA hai / yaha kahA jA sakatA hai, ki dArzanika carcA kA koI aisA viSaya nahIM hai, jisa para jinabhadrane apanI kalama na calAI ho / vRhatkalpa bhASyameM saMghadAsagaNi ne sAdhuoMke AhAra evaM vihAraAdi niyamoMke utsarga-apavAda mArgakI carcA dArzanika DhaMgase kI hai| inhoMne bhI prasaMgAnukUla jJAna, pramANa, naya aura nikSepa ke viSayameM paryApta likhA hai| __ lagabhaga sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdIkI cUNiyA~ milatI haiN| cUNikAroMmeM jinadAsa mahattara prasiddha haiN| inhoMne nandIkI cUNike alAvA aura bhI cUrNiyA~ likhI haiN| cUrNiyoM meM bhASyake hI viSayako saMkSepameM gadya rUpameM likhA gayA hai| jAtakake DhaMgakI prAkRta kathAeM inakI vizeSatA hai| jaina AgamoM kI sabase prAcIna saMskRta TIkA AcArya haribhadra ne kI hai / unakA samaya vi0 757 se 857 ke bIcakA hai| haribhadra ne

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34 Agama-yuga kA jana-darzana prAkRta cUrNiyoMkA prAyaH saMskRtameM anuvAda hI kiyA hai| yatra-tatra apane dArzanika jJAnakA upayoga karanA bhI unhoMne ucita samajhA hai| isalie hama unakI TIkAoM meM sabhI darzanoMkI pUrvapakSa rUpase carcA pAte haiN| itanA hI nahIM, kintu jainatattvako dArzanika jJAna ke bala se sunizcitarUpameM sthira karane kA prayatna bhI dekhate haiN| haribhadra ke bAda zIlAMkasUri ne dazavIM zatAbdI meM saMskRtaTIkAoM kI racanA kii| zIlAMkake bAda prasiddha TIkAkAra zAntyAcArya hue| unhoMne uttarAdhyayanakI vRhatTIkA likhI hai / isake bAda prasiddha TIkAkAra abhayadeva hue, jinhoMne nava aMgoM para saMskRtameM TIkAe~ rcii| unakA janma vi0 1072 meM aura svargavAsa vikrama 1135 meM huA hai| ina donoM TIkAkAroMne pUrva TIkAoMkA pUrA upayoga to kiyA hI hai, apanI ora se yatra-tatra nayI dArzanika carcA bhI kI hai| yahA~ para maladhArI hemacandrakA bhI nAma ullekhanIya hai / ve bArahavIM zatAbdIke vidvAn the| kintu AgamoMkI saMskRta TIkA karane vAloMmeM sarvazreSTha sthAna to AcArya malayagirikA hI hai| prAJjala bhASA dArzanika carcAse pracura TIkAe~ yadi dekhanA ho, to malayagiriko TIkAe~ dekhanI cAhie / unakI TIkA par3hanemeM zuddha dArzanika grantha par3hanekA Ananda AtA hai / jainazAstrake karma, AcAra, bhUgola, khagola Adi sabhI viSayoMmeM unakI kalama dhArA-pravAhase calatI hai aura viSayako itanA spaSTa karake rakhatI hai, ki phira usa viSayameM dUsarA kucha dekhane kI apekSA nahIM rahatI / jaise vaidika paramparAmeM vAcaspati mizrane jo bhI darzana liyA, tanmaya hokara use likhA, usI prakAra jaina paramparAmeM malayagirine bhI kiyA hai / ve AcArya hemacandrake samakAlIna the / ataeva unheM bArahavIM zatAbdIkA vidvAna mAnanA caahie| saMskRta-prAkRta TIkAoMkA parimANa itanA bar3A thA, aura viSayoMkI carcA itanI gahana-gahanatara hogaI thI, ki bAdameM yaha Avazyaka samajhA gayA, ki AgamoMkI zabdArtha karanevAlI saMkSipta TIkAe~ kI jaaeN| samayakI gatine saMskRta aura prAkRta bhASAoMko bolacAlakI bhASAse

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Agama - sAhitya kI rUpa-rekhA haTAkara mAtra sAhityika bhASA banA diyA thA / taba tatkAlIna apabhraMza arthAt prAcIna gujarAtI bhASA meM bAlAvabodhoM kI racanA huI / inheM 'TabA' kahate haiM / aise bAlAvabodhoM kI racanA karanevAle aneka hue haiM, kintu 18vIM sadI meM hone vAle loMkAgacchake dharmasiMha muni vizeSa rUpase ullekhanIya haiM / kyoMki inakI dRSTi prAcIna TIkAoM ke artha ko chor3akara kahIM-kahIM svasaMpradAya saMmata artha karane kI bhI rahI hai / Agama sAhitya kI yaha bahuta hI saMkSipta rUpa-rekhA prastuta kI gaI hai / phira bhI isameM AgamoM ke viSaya meM mukhya-mukhya tathyoM kA varNana kara diyA gayA hai, jisase ki Age cala kara AgamoM ke guru gambhIra dArzanika satya evaM tathya ko samajhane meM sugamatA ho skegii| isase dUsarA lAbha yaha bhI hogA, ki adhyetA AgamoM ke aitihAsika mUlyoM ke mahattva ko hRdayaMgama kara sakeMge aura unake dArzanika siddhAntoM kI pRSThabhUmi ko bhalIbhA~ti samajha sakeMge / darzana kA vikAsa-krama : jaina darzanazAstra ke vikAsa krama ko cAra yugoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai / 1. Agama-yuga 2. anekAntasthApana-yuga 3. pramANazAstravyavasthA-yuga 4. navInanyAya - yuga | yugoM ke lakSaNa yugoM ke nAma se hI spaSTa haiM / kAlamaryAdA isa prakAra rakhI jA sakatI hai-Agama-yuga bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa se lekara karIba eka hajAra varSa kA hai (vi0 pU0 470 - vi0 500 ), dUsarA vi0 pA~cavIM se AThavIM zatAbdI taka; tIsarA AThavIM se satrahavIM taka, aura cauthA aThArahavIM se Adhunika samaya paryanta / ina sabhI yugoM kI vizeSatAoM kA maiMne anyatra saMkSipta vivecana kiyA hai / dUsare, tIsare aura cauthe yuga kI dArzanika saMpatti ke viSaya meM pUjya paNDita sukhalAlajI, paM0 kailAzacandrajI, paM0 mahendrakumArajI Adi vidvAnoM ne 35 premI abhinandana grantha meM merA lekha pR0 303, tathA jaina saMskRti-saMzodhana maMDala patrikA 1. 55

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36 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana paryApta mAtrA meM prakAza DAlA hai, kintu Agama-yuga ke sAhitya meM jaina darzana ke prameya aura pramANa tattva ke viSaya meM kyA kyA mantavya haiM, unakA saMkalana paryApta mAtrA meM nahIM huA hai / ataeva yahA~ jaina AgamoM ke AdhAra se una do tattvoM kA saMkalana karane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai / yaha hone se hI anekAnta-yuga ke aura pramANazAstra vyavasthA-yuga ke vividha pravAhoM kA udgama kyA hai, Agama meM vaha hai ki nahIM, hai to kaisA hai yaha spaSTa hogA / itanA hI nahIM, balki jaina AcAryoM ne mUla tattvoM kA kaisA pallavana aura vikasana kiyA tathA kina navIna tattvoM ko tatkAlIna dArzanika vicAra-dhArA meM se apanA kara apane tattvoM ko vyavasthita kiyA, yaha bhI spaSTa ho sakegA / Agama-yuga ke dArzanika tattvoM ke vivecana meM maiMne zvetAmbara prasiddha mUla AgamoM kA hI upayoga kiyA hai / digambaroM ke mUla paTkhaNDA gama Adi kA upayoga maiMne nahIM kiyA / una zAstroM kA darzana ke sAtha adhika sambandha nahIM hai / una granthoM meM jaina karma-tattva kA hI vizeSa vivaraNa hai / zvetAmbaroM ke niryukti Adi TIkAgranthoM kA kahIM-kahIM spaSTIkaraNa ke lie upayoga kiyA hai, kintu jo mUla meM na ho, aisI niryukti Adi kI bAtoM ko prastuta Agama yuga ke darzanaM tattva ke nirUpaNa meM sthAna nahIM diyA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai, ki hama Agama sAhitya ke do vibhAga kara sakate haiM / eka mUla zAstra kA tathA dUsarA TIkA- niyukti bhASya - cUrNikA / prastuta meM mUla kA hI vivecana abhISTa hai / upalabdha niryuktiyoM se yaha pratIta hotA hai, ki unameM prAcIna niyuktiyA~ samAviSTa kara dI gaI haiM / kintu sarvatra yaha batAnA kaThina hai ki kitanA aMga mUla prAcIna niyukti kA hai aura kitanA aMza bhadrabAhu kA hai / ataeva niryukti kA adhyayana kisI anya avasara ke lie sthagita rakha kara prastuta meM mUla Agama meM vizeSa kara aMga, upAMga aura nandI - anuyoga ke AdhAra para carcA kI jAyagI /

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prameya-khaNDa

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bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUrva kI sthitiH veda se upaniSad paryanta-vizva ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM nAnA prakAra ke prazna aura una praznoM kA samAdhAna yaha vividha prakAra se prAcIna kAla se hotA AyA hai| isa bAta kA sAkSI Rgveda se lekara upaniSad aura bAda kA samasta dArzanika sUtra aura TIkA-sAhitya hai| Rgveda kA dIrghatamA RSi vizva ke mUla kAraNa aura svarUpa kI khoja meM lIna hokara prazna karatA hai ki isa vizva kI utpatti kaise huI hai, ise kauna jAnatA hai ? hai koI aisA jo jAnakAra se pUcha kara isakA patA lagAve ? vaha phira kahatA hai ki maiM to nahIM jAnatA kintu khoja meM idhara-udhara vicaratA hU~ to vacana ke dvArA satya ke darzana hote haiM / khoja karate dIrghatamA ne anta meM kaha diyA ki - "ekaM sad viprA bahudhA vadanti" / sat to eka hI hai kintu vidvAn usakA varNana kaI prakAra se karate haiM / arthAt eka hI tatva ke viSaya meM nAnA prakAra ke vacana prayoga dekhe jAte haiN| dIrghatamA ke isa udgAra meM hI manuSya-svabhAva kI usa vizeSatA kA hameM spaSTa darzana hotA hai, jise hama samanvayazIlatA kahate haiN| isI samanvayazIlatA kA zAstrIya rUpa jainadarzana-sammata syAdvAda yA anekAntavAda hai| 'Rgveda 10.5,27,88,126 ityAdi / taittirIyopaniSad 3.1. / zvetA01.1. 2 Rgveda 1.164.4. 3 Rgveda 1.164.37. 4 gveda 1.164.46.

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40 Agama-yuga kA jaina-varzana nAsadIya sUkta kA RSi jagat ke Adi kAraNarUpa usa parama gaMbhIra tattva ko jaba na sat kahanA cAhatA hai aura na asat, taba yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki vaha RSi ajJAnI yA saMzayavAdI thA, kintu itanA hI samajhanA cAhie ki RSi ke pAsa usa parama tattva ke prakAzana ke lie upayukta zabda na the / zabda kI itanI zakti nahIM hai ki vaha parama tattva ko saMpUrNa rUpa meM prakAzita kara sake / isalie Rpi ne kaha diyA ki usa samaya na sat thA na asat / zabda-zakti kI isa maryAdA ke svIkAra meM se hI syAdvAda kA aura asvIkAra meM se hI ekAnta vAdoM kA janma hotA hai| vizva ke kAraNa kI jijJAsA meM se aneka virodhI matavAda utpanna hue, jinakA nirdeza upaniSadoM meM huA hai / jisako socate-socate jo sUjha par3A, use usane logoM meM kahanA zurU kiyaa| isa prakAra matoM kA eka jAla bana gyaa| jaise eka hI pahAr3a meM se aneka dizAoM meM nadiyA~ bahatI haiM, usI prakAra eka hI prazna meM se aneka matoM kI nadiyA~ bahane lagIM / aura jyoM-jyoM vaha deza aura kAla meM Age bar3hIM tyoMtyoM vistAra bar3hatA gyaa| kintu ve nadiyA~ jaise eka hI samudra meM jA milatI haiM, usI prakAra sabhI matavAdiyoM kA samanvaya mahAsamudrarUpa syAdvAda yA anekAntavAda meM ho gayA hai| vizva kA mUla kAraNa kyA hai ? vaha sat hai yA asat ? sat hai to puruSa hai yA puruSatara-jala, vAyu, agni, AkAza Adi meM se koI eka ? ina praznoM kA uttara upaniSadoM ke . RSiyoM ne apanI-apanI pratibhA ke bala se diyA hai| aura isa viSaya meM nAnA matavAdoM kI sRSTi khar3I kara dI hai| 5 Rgveda 10.126. _ "uvaSAviva sarvasindhavaH samudIrNAstvayi nAtha dRSTayaH / __ na ca tAsu bhavAn pradRzyate pravibhaktAsu sritsvivoddhiH|" -siddhasenadvAtriMzikA 4.15. 7 Constructive Survey of Upanishads, p. 73

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prameva khaNDa 41 kisI ke mata se asat se hI sat kI utpatti huI hai / koI kahatA hai -prArambha meM mRtyu kA hI sAmrAjya thA, anya kucha bhI nahIM thaa| usI meM se saSTi hii| isa kathana meM bhI eka rUpaka ke jariye asat se sat kI utpatti kA hI svIkAra hai| kisI RSi ke mata se sat se asat huA aura vahI aNDa vana kara sRSTi kA utpAdaka huA / ina matoM ke viparIta satkAraNavAdiyoM kA kahanA hai ki asat se sat kI utpatti kaise ho sakatI hai ? sarva prathama eka aura advitIya sat hI thaa| usI ne socA maiM aneka hoU~ / taba kramazaH sRSTi kI utpatti huI hai| satkAraNavAdiyoM meM bhI aikamatya nhiiN| kisI ne jala ko, kisI ne vAyu ko, kisI ne agni ko, kisI ne AkAza ko aura kisI ne prANa ko vizva kA mUla kAraNa mAnA hai / 2 ina sabhI vAdoM kA sAmAnya tattva yaha hai ki vizva ke mUla kAraNarUpa se koI AtmA yA puruSa nahIM hai / kintu ina sabhI vAdoM ke viruddha anya RSiyoM kA mata hai ki ina jar3a tattvoM meM se sRSTi utpanna ho nahIM sakatI, sarvotpatti ke mUla meM koI cetana tattva kartA honA caahie| ___ "asadA ivamana AsIt / tato vai sdjaayt"|-taittirii0 2.7 5 "naveha kiMcanAgra AsInmRtyunavedamAvRtamAsIt".-bRhabA0 1.2.1 10 Adityo brhmtyaadeshH| tasyopalyAnam / asadevevamagra AsIt / tat sadAsIt / tat samabhavat / tadANDaM niravartata / " chAndo0 3.1 6.1 ____11 "sadeva somyedamagra AsodekamevAdvitIyam / teka Ahurasadevedamana AsIdekamevAdvitIyam / tasmAdasataH sajjAyata / kutastu khalu somya evaM syAditi hovAca kathamasata: sajjAyateti / sattveva somyedamagra AsIt ekamevAdvitIyam / tavakSata bahusyAM prajAyeyeti"-chAndo0 6.2. 12 bRhadA0 5.5.1. chAndo0 4.3. kaTho0 2.5.6. chAndo0 1.6.1. / 1.11.5. / 4.3.3. / 7.12.1.

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42 bhAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana pippalAda RSi ke mata se prajApati se sRSTi huI hai / kintu bRhadAraNyaka meM AtmA ko mUla kAraNa mAnakara usI meM se strI aura puruSa kI utpatti ke dvArA kramazaH saMpUrNa vizva kI sRSTi mAnI gaI hai| aitareyopaniSad meM bhI sRSTikrama meM bheda hone para bhI mUla kAraNa to AtmA hI mAnA gayA hai| yahI bAta taittirIyopaniSad ke viSaya meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| kintu isakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki AtmA ko utpatti kA kartA nahIM, balki kAraNa mAtra mAnA gayA hai / arthAt anyatra spaSTa rUpa se AtmA yA prajApati meM sRSTikartRtva kA Aropa hai, jaba ki isameM AtmA ko kevala mUla kAraNa mAnakara paMcabhUtoM kI saMbhUti usa AtmA se huI hai, itanA hI pratipAdya hai| muNDakopaniSad meM jar3a aura cetana sabhI kI utpatti divya, amUrta aura aja aise puruSa se mAnI gaI hai / yahA~ bhI use kartA nahIM kahA / kintu zvetAzvataropaniSad meM vizvAdhipa devAdhideva rudra Izvara ko hI jagatkartA mAnA gayA hai aura usI ko mUla kAraNa bhI kahA gayA hai / upanipadoM ke ina vAdoM ko saMkSepa meM kahanA ho to kahA jA sakatA hai ki kisI ke mata se asat se sat kI utpatti hotI hai, kisI ke mata se vizva kA mUla tattva sat hai, kisI ke mata se vaha sat jar3a hai aura kisI ke mata meM vaha tattva cetana hai / eka dUsarI dRSTi se bhI kAraNa kA vicAra prAcIna kAla meM hotA thaa| usakA patA hameM zvetAzvataropaniSad se calatA hai| usameM Izvara ko hI parama tattva aura Adi kAraNa siddha karane ke lie jina 13 prazno0 1.3-1-3. 14 bRhadA0 1.4.1-4. 15 aitareya 1.1-3. 16 taittirI0 2.1. 10 muNDa0 2.1.2-6. 18 zvetA0 3.2. / 6.6.

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prameya khaNDa 43 anya matoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai ve ye haiM9-1 kAla, 2 svabhAva, 3 niyati, 4 yadRcchA, 5 bhUta, 6 puruSa, 7 ina sabhI kA saMyoga, 8 aatmaa| upaniSadoM meM ina nAnA vAdoM kA nirdeza hai| ataeva usa samayaparyanta ina vAdoM kA astitva thA hI, isa bAta ko svIkAra karate hue bhI pro0 rAnaDe kA kahanA hai ki upaniSadkAlIna dArzanikoM kI darzana kSetra meM jo viziSTa dena hai, vaha to AtmavAda hai / / __ anya sabhI vAdoM ke hote hue bhI jisa vAda ne Age kI pIr3hI ke Upara apanA asara kAyama rakhA aura jo upaniSadoM kA vizeSa tattva samajhA jAne lagA, vaha to AtmavAda hI hai / upaniSadoM ke RSi anta meM isI natIje para pahu~ce ki vizva kA mUla kAraNa yA parama tattva AtmA ho hai / paramezvara ko bhI, jo saMsAra kA Adi kAraNa hai, zvetAzvatara meM 'Atmastha' dekhane ko kahA hai "tamAtmasthaM yenupazyanti dhIrAsteSAM sukhaM zAzvataM maitareSAm" 6.12. chAndogya kA nimna vAkya dekhie "athAtaH AtmAdezaH AtmavApastAt, AtmopariSTAt, AtmA pazcAt, AtmA purastAt, AtmA dakSiNataH, AtmottarataH AtmabedaM sarvamiti / sa vA eSa evaM pazyan evaM manvAna evaM vijAnanAtmaratirAtmakrIDa Atmamithuna AtmAnanda: sa svarAd bhavati tasya sarveSu lokeSu kAmacAro bhavati / " chAndo0 7.25 / bRhadAraNyaka meM upadeza diyA gayA hai ki "na vA are sarvasya kAmAya sarva priyaM bhavati Atmanastu kAmAya sarva priyaM bhavati / AtmA vA are draSTavyaH zrotavyo mantavyo nididhyAsitavyo maitreyyAtmano vA are darzanena zravaNena matyA vijJAnenedaM sarva viditam / " 2.4.5 / upaniSadoM kA brahma aura AtmA bhinna nahIM, kintu AtmA hI brahma hai-'ayamAtmA brahma'--bRhadA 2.5.16. isa prakAra upaniSadoM kA tAtparya AtmavAda meM hai, aisA jo kahA hai, vaha usa kAla ke dArzanikoM kA usa vAda ke prati jo vizeSa pakSapAta 19. "kAlaH svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintyam / saMyoga eSAM na tvAtmabhAvAdAtmApyanIzaH sukhaduHkhahetoH ||"-shvetaa0 1.2. 20 Constructive Survey of Upanishadas ch. V. P. 246.

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44 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana thA, usI ko lakSya meM rakhakara hai| parama tattva AtmA yA brahma ko upaniSadoM ke RSiyoM ne zAzvata, sanAtana, nitya, ajanya, dhruva mAnA hai / 21 isI Atma-tattva yA brahma-tattva ko jar3a aura cetana jagat kA upAdAna kAraNa, nimitta kAraNa yA adhiSThAna mAna kara dArzanikoM ne kevalAdvaita, viziSTAdvaita, dvaitAdvaita yA zuddhAdvaita kA samarthana kiyA hai / ina sabhI vAdoM ke anukUla vAkyoM kI upalabdhi upaniSadoM meM hotI hai / ataH ina sabhI vAdoM ke bIja upaniSadoM meM haiM, aisA mAnanA yuktisaMgata hI hai / 22 upaniSatkAla meM kucha loga mahAbhUtoM se AtmA kA samutthAna aura mahAbhUtoM meM hI AtmA kA laya mAnane vAle the, kintu upanipatkAlIna AtmavAda ke pracaNDa pravAha meM usa vAda kA koI khAsa mUlya nahIM raha gyaa| isa bAta kI pratIti bRhadAraNyakanirdiSTa yAjJavalkya aura maitreyI ke saMvAda se ho jAtI hai / maitreyI ke sAmane jaba yAjJavalkya ne bhUtavAda kI carcA cher3a kara kahA ki "vijJAnaghana ina bhUtoM se hI samutthita hokara inhIM meM lIna ho jAtA hai, paraloka yA punarjanma jaisI koI bAta nahIM hai"23 taba maitreyI ne kahA ki aisI vAta kaha kara hameM moha meM mata ddaalo| isase spaSTa hai ki AtmavAda ke sAmane bhUtavAda kA koI mUlya nahIM raha gayA thaa| prAcIna upaniSadoM kA kAla pro0 rAnaDe ne I0 pU0 1200 se 600 taka kA mAnA hai yaha kAla bhagavAn mahAvIra aura buddha ke pahale kA hai / ata: hama kaha sakate haiM ki una donoM mahApuruSoM ke pahale bhAratIya darzana kI sthiti jAnane kA sAdhana upaniSadoM se bar3hakara anya kucha ho nahIM sktaa| ataeva hamane Upara upaniSadoM ke AdhAra se hI 21 kaTho0 1.2.18. 2.6.1. 1.3.15. 2.4.2. 2.15. muNDako0 1.6. ityAdi / 22 Constru. p. 205--232. 23 "vijJAnaghana evaitebhyo bhUtebhyaH samutthAya tAnyevAnuvinazyati na pretya saMjJA astItyare bravImoti hovAca yAjJavalkyaH / " bRhadA0 2.4.12. 24 Constru. p. 13

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me prameya khaNDa bhAratIya darzanoM kI sthiti para kucha prakAza DAlane kA prayatna kiyA hai / usa prakAza ke AdhAra para yadi hama jaina aura bauddha darzana ke mUla tattvoM kA vizleSaNa kareM, to dArzanika kSetra meM jaina aura bauddha zAstra kI kyA dena hai, yaha sahaja hI meM vidita ho sakatA hai / prastuta meM vizeSataH jaina tattvajJAna ke viSaya meM hI kahanA iSTa hai, isa kAraNa bauddha darzana ke tattvoM kA ullekha tulanA kI dRSTi se prasaMgavaza hI kiyA jAyagA aura mukhyataH jaina darzana ke maulika tattva kI vivecanA kI jAyagI / bhagavAn buddha kA anAtmavAdaH bhagavAn mahAvIra aura buddha ke nirvANa ke viSaya meM jaina-bauddha anuzrutiyoM ko yadi pramANa mAnA jAya, to phalita yaha hotA hai ki bhagavAn buddha kA nirvANa I0 pU0 544 meM huA thA / ataeva unhoMne apanI ihajIvana-lIlA bhagavAn mahAvIra se pahale samApta kI thI aura unhoMne upadeza bhI bhagavAn ke pahale hI denA zurU kiyA thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki ve pArzva paraMparA ke cAturyAma kA ullekha karate haiM / upaniSatkAlIna AtmavAda kI bAr3ha ko bhagavAn buddha ne anAtmavAda kA upadeza dekara maMda kiyaa| jitane vega se AtmavAda kA pracAra huA aura sabhI tattva ke mUla meM eka parama tattva zAzvata AtmA ko hI mAnA jAne lagA, utane hI vega se bhagavAn buddha ne usa vAda kI jar3a kATane kA prayatna kiyaa| bhagavAn buddha vibhajyavAdI the / ataeva unhoMne rUpa Adi jJAna vastuoM ko eka-eka karake anAtma siddha kiyA / unake tarka kA krama yaha hai " kyA rUpa anitya hai yA nitya ? anitya / jo anitya hai vaha sukha hai yA duHkha ? duHkha / jo cIja anitya hai, duHkha hai, vipariNAmI hai, kyA usake viSaya saMyuttanikAya XII. 70.32-37 45

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46 Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana meM isa prakAra ke vikalpa karanA ThIka hai ki yaha merA hai, yaha maiM hU~, yaha merI AtmA hai ? nahIM / isI krama se vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna ke viSaya meM bhI prazna karake bhagavAn buddha ne anAtmavAda ko sthira kiyA hai / isI prakAra cakSurAdi indriyA~, unake viSaya tajjanya vijJAna, mana, mAnasika dharma aura manovijJAna ina sabako bhI anAtma siddha kiyA hai / 1 koI bhagavAn buddha se pUchatA ki jarA-maraNa kyA hai aura kise hotA hai, jAti kyA hai aura kise hotI hai, bhava kyA hai aura kise hotA hai ? to turanta hI ve uttara dete ki ye prazna ThIka nahIM / kyoM ki praznakarttA ina sabhI praznoM meM aisA mAna letA hai ki jarA Adi anya haiM aura jisako ye jarA Adi hote haiM, vaha anya haiM / arthAt zarIra anya hai aura AtmA anya hai / kintu aisA mAnane para brahmacaryavAsa - dharmAcaraNa saMgata nahIM / ataeva bhagavAn buddha kA kahanA hai ki prazna kA AkAra aisA honA cAhie - jarA kaise hotI hai ? jarA - maraNa kaise hotA hai ? jAti kaise hotI hai ? bhava kaise hotA hai ? taba bhagavAn buddha kA uttara hai ki ye saba pratItyasamutpanna haiM / madhyama mArga kA avalaMbana lekara bhagavAn buddha samajhAte haiM ki zarIra hI AtmA hai, aisA mAnanA eka anta hai aura zarIra se bhinna AtmA hai, aisA mAnanA dUsarA anta hai / kintu maiM ina donoM antoM ko chor3akara madhyama mArga se upadeza detA hU~ ki avidyA ke hone se saMskAra, saMskAra ke hone se vijJAna, vijJAna ke hone se nAma-rUpa, nAma rUpa ke hone se chaha Ayatana, chaha AyatanoM ke hone se sparza, sparza ke hone se vedanA, vedanA ke hone se tRSNA, tRSNA ke hone se upAdAna, upAdAna ke hone se bhava bhava ke hone se jAti-janma, janma ke hone se jarA-maraNa hai / yahI pratItyasamutpAda hai" / dIghanikAya mahAnidAnasutta 15. 27 majjhimanikAya chakkakasutta 148. 2 saMyuttanikAya XII. 35. aMguttaranikAya 3.

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prameya khaNDa 47 Ananda ne eka prazna bhagavAn buddha se kiyA ki Apa bArabAra loka zUnya hai, aisA kahate haiM / isakA tAtparya kyA hai ? buddha ne jo uttara diyA usI se bauddha darzana kI anAtmaviSayaka maulika mAnyatA vyakta hotI hai: __"yasmA ca kho Ananda suaM atena vA attaniyena vA tasmA suo loko ti buccati / ki va mAnanda sujhaM attena vA attaniyena vA ? cakkhu kho Ananda sujhaM atena vA attaniyena vA....."rUpaM......"rUpavijJANaM........" ityAdi |-sNyuttnikaay XXXV.85. bhagavAn buddha ke anAtmavAda kA tAtparya kyA hai ? isa prazna ke uttara meM itanA spaSTa karanA Avazyaka hai ki Upara kI carcA se itanA to bhalIbhAMti dhyAna meM AtA hai ki bhagavAn buddha ko sirpha zarIrAtmavAda hI amAnya hai, itanA hI nahIM balki sarvAntaryAmI nitya, dhruva, zAzvata aisA AtmavAda bhI amAnya hai| unake mata meM na to AtmA zarIra se atyanta bhinna hI hai aura na AtmA zarIra se abhinna hI / unako cArvAkasammata bhautikavAda bhI ekAnta pratIta hotA hai aura upaniSadoM kA kUTastha AtmavAda bhI ekAnta pratIta hotA hai| unakA mArga to madhyama mArga hai / pratItyasamutpAdavAda hai / vahI aparivartiSNu AtmA mara kara punarjanma letI hai aura saMsaraNa karatI hai aisA mAnane para zAzvatavAda29 hotA hai aura yadi aisA mAnA jAe ki mAtA-pitA ke saMyoga se cAra mahAbhUtoM se AtmA utpanna hotI hai aura isI lie zarIra ke naSTa hote hI AtmA bhI ucchinna, vinaSTa aura lupta hotI hai, to yaha ucchedavAda hai / tathAgata buddha ne zAzvatavAda aura ucchedavAda donoM ko chor3akara madhyama mArga kA upadeza diyA hai / bhagavAna buddha ke isa azAzvatAnucchedavAda kA spaSTIkaraNa nimna saMvAda se hotA hai 29 dIghanikAya-brahmajAlasutta / 3. saMyuttanikAya XII. 17.

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48 Agama-yuga kA jaina- darzana 'kyA bhagavan gautama ! duHkha svakRta hai ? ' 'kAzyapa ! aisA nahIM hai / ' 'kyA duHkha parakRta hai ? ' 'nahIM / ' 'kyA duHkha svakRta aura parakRta hai ?" nahIM / ' 'kyA asvakRta aura aparakRta duHkha hai ? ' 'nahIM / ' 'taba kyA hai ? Apa to sabhI praznoM kA uttara nakAra meM dete haiM, aisA kyoM ?" 1 'duHkha svakRta hai aisA kahane kA artha hotA hai ki jisane kiyA vahI bhoga karatA hai / kintu aisA kahane para zAzvatavAda kA avalaMbana hotA hai / aura yadi aisA kahU~ ki duHkha parakRta hai to isakA matalaba yaha hogA ki kiyA kisI dUsare ne aura bhoga karatA hai koI anya / aisI sthiti meM ucchedavAda A jAtA hai / ataeva tathAgata ucchedavAda aura zAzvata - vAda ina donoM antoM ko chor3akara madhyama mArga kA - pratItyasamutpAda kA upadeza dete haiM ki avidyA se saMskAra hotA hai, saMskAra se vijJAna sparza se duHkha ``````ityAdi " - saMyuttanikAya XII 17. XII 24 tAtparya yaha hai ki saMsAra meM sukha-duHkha Adi avasthAe~ haiM, karma hai, janma hai, maraNa hai, bandha hai, mukti hai- ye saba hote hue bhI inakA koI sthira AdhAra AtmA ho, aisI bAta nahIM hai, parantu ye avasthAe~ pUrvapUrva kAraNa se uttara - uttara kAla meM hotI haiM aura eka naye kArya ko, eka naI avasthA ko utpanna karake naSTa ho jAtI haiN| isa prakAra saMsAra kA cakra calatA rahatA hai / pUrva kA sarvathA uccheda bhI iSTa nahIM aura dhrauvya bhI iSTa nahIM / uttara pUrva se sarvathA asaMbaddha ho, apUrva ho, yaha bAta bhI nahIM kintu pUrva ke astitva ke kAraNa hI uttara hotA hai| pUrva kI sArI zakti uttara meM A jAtI hai / pUrva kA saba saMskAra uttara ko mila jAtA

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prameya-khaNDa hai / ataeva pUrva ava uttara rUpa meM astitva meM hai| uttara pUrva se sarvathA bhinna bhI nahIM, abhinna bhI nahIM / kintu avyAkRta hai / kyoM ki bhinna kahane para ucchedavAda hotA hai aura abhinna kahane para zAzvatavAda hotA hai| bhagavAn buddha ko ye donoM vAda mAnya na the. ataeva aise praznoM kA unhoMne avyAkRta' kaha kara uttara diyA hai| isa saMsAra-cakra ko kATane kA upAya yahI hai ki pUrva kA nirodha karanA / kAraNa ke niruddha ho jAne se kArya utpanna nahIM hogaa| arthAt avidyA ke nirodha se tRSNA ke nirodha se upAdAna kA nirodha, upAdAna ke nirodha se bhava kA nirodha, bhava ke nirodha se janma kA nirodha, janma ke nirodha se maraNa kA nirodha ho jAtA hai / kintu yahA~ eka prazna hotA hai ki maraNAnantara tathAgata buddha kA kyA hotA hai ? isa prazna kA uttara bhI avyAkRta hai| vaha isalie ki yadi yaha kahA jAe ki maraNottara tathAgata hotA hai, to zAzvatavAda kA aura yadi yaha kahA jAe ki nahIM hotA, to ucchedavAda kA prasaMga AtA hai| ataeva ina donoM vAdoM kA niSedha karane ke lie bhagavAn buddha ne tathAgata ko maraNottaradazA meM avyAkRta kahA hai| jaise gaMgA kI bAlU kA nAma nahIM, jaise samudra ke pAnI kA nApa nahIM, isI prakAra maraNottara tathAgata bhI gaMbhIra hai, ataeva avyAkRta hai / jisa rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, Adi ke kAraNa tathAgata ko prajJApanA hotI thI, vaha rUpAMdi to prahINa ho gae / aba tathAgata kI prajJApanA kA koI sAdhana nahIM bacatA, isalie ve avyAkRta haiM32 / isa prakAra jaise upaniSadoM meM AtmavAda kI parAkASThA ke samaya / AtmA yA brahma ko 'neti-neti' ke dvArA avaktavya pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, use sabhI vizeSaNoM se para batAyA jAtA hai 33 ThIka usI prakAra 31 saMyuktanikAya XLIV 1, 7 and 8. 32 saMyuttanikAya XLIV. 33 'adRSTamavyavahAryamagrAhyamalakSaNamacintyamavyapadezyamekAtmapratyayasAraM prapaJcopazamaM zAntaM zivamataM catuthaM manyante sa AtmA sa vijnyeyH|"-maanndd* 6.7. "sa eSa neti neti ityAtmA'gRhyo na hi gRhyte|"-bRhvaa0 4.5.15. imyAdi Constru. p. 219.

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50 Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana tathAgata buddha ne bhI AtmA ke viSaya meM upaniSadoM se bilkula ulaTI rAha lekara bhI use avyAkRta mAnA hai / jaise upaniSadoM meM parama tattva ko avaktavya mAnate hue bhI aneka prakAra se AtmA kA varNana huA hai aura vaha vyAvahArika mAnA gayA hai, usI prakAra bhagavAn buddha ne bhI kahA hai, ki loka-saMjJA, loka nirukti, loka vyavahAra, loka-prajJapti kA Azraya karake kahA jA sakatA hai ki "maiM pahale thA, 'nahIM thA' aisA nahIM, maiM bhaviSya meM hoU~gA, 'nahIM hoU~gA' aisA nahIM, maiM aba hU~, 'nahIM hU~' aisA nahIM / " tathAgata aisI bhASA kA vyavahAra karate haiM, kintu isameM pha~sate nahIM OM / jaina tattvavicAra kI prAcInatA : itanI vaidika aura bauddha dArzanika pUrvabhUmikA ke AdhAra para jainadarzana kI Agama-varNita bhUmikA ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA jAe to jo ucita hI hogA | jaina AgamoM meM jo tattva vicAra hai, vaha tatkAlIna dArzanika vicAra kI bhUmikA se sarvathA achUtA rahA hogA, isa bAta ko asvIkAra karate hue bhI jaina anuzruti ke AdhAra para itanA to kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina Agama - varNita tattva-vicAra kA mUla bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya se bhI purAnA hai / jaina anuzruti ke anusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kisI naye tattva-darzana kA pracAra nahIM kiyA hai, kintu unase 250 varSa pahale hone vAle tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke tattvavicAra kA hI pracAra kiyA hai / pArzvanAtha-sammata AcAra meM to bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kucha parivartana kiyA hai jisakI sAkSI svayaM Agama de rahe haiM, kintu pArzvanAtha ke tattvajJAna se unakA koI matabheda jaina anuzruti meM batAyA gayA nahIM hai / isase hama isa natIje para pahu~ca sakate haiM ki jaina tattva - vicAra ke mUla tattva pArzvanAtha jitane to purAne avazya haiM / jaina anuzruti to isase bhI Age jAtI hai / usake anusAra apane se pahale hue zrIkRSNa ke samakAlIna tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi kI paraMparA ko OM dIghanikAya- poTThapAvasuta 6.

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prameya-khaNDa hI pArzvanAtha ne grahaNa kiyA thA aura svayaM ariSTanemi ne prAgaitihAsika kAla meM hone vAle naminAtha se / isa prakAra vaha anuzruti hameM RSabhadeva jo ki bharata cakravartI ke pitA the, taka pahu~cA detI hai / usake anusAra to vartamAna veda se lekara upaniSad paryanta saMpUrNa sAhitya kA mUla srota RSabhadeva praNIta jaina tattva-vicAra meM hI hai / 51 isa jaina anuzruti ke prAmANya ko aitihAsika dRSTi se siddha karanA saMbhava nahIM hai, to bhI anuzrutipratipAdita jaina vicAra kI prAcInatA meM saMdeha ko koI sthAna nahIM hai / jaina tattvavicAra kI svataMtratA isI se siddha hai ki jaba upaniSadoM meM anya darzana - zAstra ke bIja milate haiM, taba jaina tattvavicAra ke bIja nahIM milate / itanA hI nahIM kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra - pratipAdita AgamoM meM jo karma - vicAra kI vyavasthA hai, mArgaNA aura guNasthAna sambandhI jo vicAra hai, jIvoM kI gati aura Agati kA jo vicAra hai, loka kI vyavasthA aura racanA kA jo vicAra hai, jar3a paramANu pudgaloM kI vargaNA aura pudgala skandha kA jo vyavasthita vicAra hai, SaDdravya aura navatattva kA jo vyavasthita nirUpaNa hai, usako dekhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina tattvavicAra vArA bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUrva kI kaI pIr3hiyoM ke parizrama kA phala hai aura isa dhArA kA upaniSad - pratipAdita aneka matoM se pArthakya aura svAtaMtrya svayaMsiddha hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dena : anekAntavAda prAcIna tattva vyavasthA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kyA nayA arpaNa kiyA, ise jAnane ke lie AgamoM se bar3hakara hamAre pAsa koI sAdhana nahIM hai / jIva aura ajIva ke bhedopabhedoM ke viSaya meM, mokSa-lakSI AdhyAtmika utkrAntikrama ke sopAnarUpa guNasthAna ke viSaya meM cAra prakAra ke dhyAna ke viSaya meM yA karma - zAstra ke sUkSma bhedopabhedoM ke viSaya meM yA loka racanA ke viSaya meM yA paramANuoM kI vividha vargaNAoM ke viSaya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne koI nayA mArga dikhAyA ho, yaha to AgamoM ko dekhane se pratIta nahIM hotA / kintu tatkAlIna dArzanika kSetra meM tava ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM jo naye-naye prazna uThate rahate the, unakA jo spaSTI

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52 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana * karaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne tatkAlIna anya dArzanikoM ke vicAra ke prakAza meM kiyA hai, vahI unakI dArzanika kSetra meM dena samajhanI caahie| jIva kA janma maraNa hotA hai, yaha bAta naI nahIM thii| paramANu ke nAnA kArya bAhya jagata meM hote haiM aura naSTa hote haiM, yaha bhI svIkRta thaa| kintu jIva aura paramANu kA kaisA svarUpa mAnA jAe, jisase una bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM ke ghaTita hote rahane para bhI jIva aura paramANu kA una avasthAoM ke sAtha sambandha banA rhe| yaha aura aise anya prazna tatkAlIna dArzanikoM ke dvArA uThAe gae the aura unhoMne apanA-apanA spaSTIkaraNa bhI kiyA thaa| ina naye praznoM kA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jo spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai, vahI unakI dArzanika kSetra meM naI dena hai| ataeva AgamoM ke AdhAra para bhagavAn mahAvIra kI usa dena para vicAra kiyA jAe to bAda ke jaina dArzanika vikAsa kI mUla-bhitti kyA thI, yaha saralatA se spaSTa ho skegii| IsA ke bAda hone vAle jainadArzanikoM ne jainatattvavicAra ko anekAntavAda ke nAma se pratipAdita kiyA hai aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ko usa vAda kA upadezaka batAyA hai| una AcAryoM kA ukta kathana kahA~ taka ThIka hai aura prAcIna AgamoM meM anekAntavAda ke viSaya meM kyA kahA gayA hai, usakA digdarzana karAyA jAe, to yaha sahaja hI meM mAlUma ho jAegA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne samakAlIna dArzanikoM meM apanI vicAra-dhArA kisa ora bahAI aura vAda meM hone vAle jaina AcAryoM ne vicAra-dhArA ko lekara usameM kramazaH kaisA vikAsa kiyaa| citra-vicitra pakSayukta puMskokila kA svapna : bhagavAna mahAvIra ko kevalajJAna hone ke pahale jina daza mahAsvapnoM kA darzana huA thA, unakA ullekha bhagavatI mUtra meM AyA hai / unameM tIsarA svapna isa prakAra hai 5 laghIyastraya kA0 50. * bhagavatI zataka 16 uddezaka 6..

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prameya-sANDa 53 egaM ca NaM mahaM citta-vicitta-pakkhagaM puMsakoilagaM suviNe pAsittA NaM paDibuddha arthAt-eka bar3e citra-vicitra pAMkhavAle puMskokila ko svapna meM dekhakara ve pratibuddha hue| isa mahAsvapna kA phala batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki "jaNaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre egaM mahaM citta-vicittaM jAva paDibuddha taNNaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre vicittaM sasamayaparasamaiyaM duvAlasaMgaM gaNipiDagaM Aghaveti panaveti paraveti....." arthAt usa svapna kA phala yaha hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra vicitra aise sva-para siddhAnta ko batAne vAle dvAdazAMga kA upadeza deMge / prastuta meM citra-vicitra zabda khAsa dhyAna dene yogya hai| bAda ke jaina dArzanikoM ne jo citrajJAna aura citrapaTa ko lekara bauddha aura naiyAyika-vaizeSika ke sAmane anekAntavAda ko siddha kiyA hai, vaha isa citravicitra zabda ko par3hate samaya yAda A jAtA hai| kintu prastuta meM usakA sambandha na bhI ho, taba bhI paMskokila kI pakhi ko citravicitra kahane kA aura AgamoM ko vicitra vizeSaNa dene kA khAsa tAtparya to yahI mAlUma hotA hai ki unakA upadeza aneka raMgI-anekAnta vAda mAnA gayA hai| vizeSaNa se sUtrakAra ne yahI dhvanita kiyA hai, aisA nizcaya karanA to kaThina hai, kintu yadi bhagavAna ke darzana kI vizeSatA aura prastuta citravicitra vizeSaNa kA kucha mela biThAyA jAe, taba yahI saMbhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai ki vaha vizeSaNa sAbhiprAya hai aura usase sUtrakAra ne bhagavAn ke upadeza kI vizeSatA arthAt anekAntavAda ko dhvanita kiyA ho to koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai / vibhajyavAda : sUtrakRtAMga-sUtra meM bhikSu kaisI bhASA kA prayoga kare, isa prazna ke prasaMga meM kahA gayA hai ki vibhajyavAda kA prayoga karanA cAhie / vibhajyavAda kA matalaba ThIka samajhane meM hameM jaina TIkA graMthoM ke atirikta bauddha graMtha bhI sahAyaka hote haiM / bauddha majjhimanikAya (sutta. 66) meM zubhamANavaka ke prazna ke uttara meM bhagavAn buddha ne kahA ki- "he mANavaka ! maiM yahA~ vibhajyavAdI hU~. ekAMzavAdI nhiiN|" usakA prazna thA ki maiMne suna rakhA hai ki gRhastha hI ArAdhaka hotA hai, prabajita ArAdhaka nahIM 37 "bhikkhU vibhajjavAyaM ca viyAgarejjA"-sutrakRtAMga 1.14.22. ___

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54 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana garisara hotA / isameM ApakI kyA saMmati hai ? isa prazna kA ekAMzI hA~ meM yA nahIM meM, uttara na dekara bhagavAn buddha ne kahA, ki gRhastha bhI yadi mithyAtvI hai, to nirvANa mArga kA ArAdhaka nahIM aura tyAgI bhI yadi mithyAtvI hai, to vaha bhI ArAdhaka nahIM / kintu yadi ve donoM samyak pratipatti sampanna haiM, tabhI ArAdhaka hote haiM / apane aise uttara ke bala para ve apane Apako vibhajyavAdI batAte haiM aura kahate haiM ki maiM ekAMzavAdI nahIM huuN| yadi ve aisA kahate, ki gRhastha ArAdhaka nahIM hotA, tyAgI ArAdhaka hotA hai, yA aisA kahate ki tyAgI ArAdhaka hotA hai, gRhastha ArAdhaka nahIM hotA, taba unakA vaha uttara ekAMzavAda hotaa| kintu prastUta meM unhoMne tyAgI yA gRhastha kI ArAdhakatA aura anArAdhakatA meM jo apekSA yA kAraNa thA, use batAkara donoM ko ArAdhaka aura anArAdhaka batAyA hai| arthAt prazna kA uttara vibhAga karake diyA hai / ataeva ve apane Apako vibhajyavAdI kahate haiN| yahA~ para yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki bhagavAn buddha sarvadA sabhI praznoM ke uttara meM vibhajyavAdI nahIM the| kintu jina praznoM kA uttara vibhajyavAda se hI saMbhava thA, una kucha hI praznoM kA uttara dete samaya hI ve vibhajyavAda kA avalambana lete the| uparyukta bauddha sUtra se ekAMzavAda aura vibhajyavAda kA paraspara virodha spaSTa sUcita ho jAtA hai / jaina TIkAkAra vibhajyavAda kA artha syAdvAda arthAt anekAntavAda karate haiM / ekAntavAda aura anekAntavAda kA bhI paraspara virodha spaSTa hI hai| aisI sthiti meM sUtrakRtAMga gata vibhajyavAda kA artha anekAntavAda, nayavAda, apekSAvAda yA pRthakkaraNa karake, vibhAjana karake kisI tattva ke vivecana kA vAda bhI liyA jAe to ThIka hI hogaa| apekSAbheda se syAnazabdAMkita prayoga Agama meM dekhe jAte haiN| ekAdhika bhaMgoM kA syAdvAda bhI Agama meM milatA hai| ___38 dekho-dIghanikAya-33 saMgitipariyAya suttameM cAra praznavyAkaraNa / 39 vhii|

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prameya-khaNDa 55 ataeva AgamakAlIna anekAntavAda yA vibhajyavAda ko syAdvAda bhI kahA jAe, to anucita nahIM / bhagavAn buddha kA vibhajyavAda kucha maryAdita kSetra meM thA / aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vibhajyavAda kA kSetra vyApaka thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadarzana Age jAkara anekAntavAda meM pariNata ho gayA aura bauddha darzana kisI aMza meM vibhajyavAda hote hue bhI ekAntavAda kI ora agrasara huaa| ___ bhagavAn buddha ke vibhajyavAda kI taraha bhagavAn mahAvIra kA vibhajyavAda bhI bhagavatI-gata praznottaroM se spaSTa hotA hai / gaNadhara gautama Adi aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kucha praznottara nIce die jAte haiM, jinase bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vibhajyavAda kI tulanA bhagavAn buddha ke vibhajyavAda se karanI sarala ho ske| gautama-koI yadi aisA kahe ki-'maiM sarvaprANa, sarvabhUta, sarva jIva, sarvasattva kI hiMsA kA pratyAkhyAna karatA hU~ no kyA usakA vaha pratyAkhyAna supratyAkhyAna hai yA duSpratyAkhyAna ? bhagavAn mahAvIra syAt supratyAkhyAna hai aura syAt duSpratyA khyAna hai| gautama--bhaMte ! isakA kyA kAraNa ? bhagavAna mahAvIra-jisako yaha bhAna nahIM, ki ye jIva haiM aura ye ajIva, ye trasa haiM aura ye sthAvara, usakA vaisA pratyAbhyAna duppratyAkhyAna hai| vaha mRpAvAdI hai / kintu jo yaha jAnatA hai ki ye jIva haiM aura ye ajIva, ye trasa haiM aura ye sthAvara, usakA vaisA pratyAkhyAna sUpratyAkhyAna hai, vaha satyavAdI hai| -bhagavatI ga0 7. u0 2. sU0 270 / jayaMtI-bhaMte ! monA acchA hai yA jAganA ?

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Anana-guNa kA jaina-darzana bhagavAna mahAvIra jayaMtI, kitaneka jIvoM kA sonA acchA hai aura kitaneka jIvoM kA jAganA acchA hai / jayaMtI-isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? bhagavAna mahAvIra-jo jIva adharmI haiM, adharmAnuga haiM, amiSTha haiM, adharmAkhyAyI haiM, adharmapralokI haiM, adharmapraraJjana haiM,adharma samAcAra haiM, adhArmika vRtti vAle haiM, ve sote raheMge, yahI acchA hai ; kyoMki jaba ve sote raheMge to aneka jIvoMko pIr3A nahIM deNge| aura isa prakAra sva, para aura ubhaya ko adhArmika kriyA meM nahIM lagAveMge, ataeva unakA sonA acchA hai / kintu jo jIva dhArmika haiM,dharmAnuga haiM,yAvat dhArmika vRtti vAle haiM, unakA to jAganA hI acchA hai / kyoMki ye aneka jIvoM ko sukha dete haiM aura sva, para aura ubhaya ko dhArmika anuSThAna meM lagAte haiN| ataeva unakA jAganA hI acchA hai| jayaMtI--bhante, balavAn honA acchA hai yA durbala honA ? bhagavAna mahAvIra-jayaMtI, kucha jIvoM kA balavAn honA ___ acchA hai aura kucha kA durbala honA / jayaMtI-isakA kyA kAraNa ? / bhagavAna mahAvIra---jo jIva adhArmika haiM yAvat adhArmika vRtti vAle haiM, unakA durbala honA acchA hai| kyoMki ve balavAn hoM, to aneka jIvoM ko duHkha deNge| kintu jo jIva dhArmika haiM yAvat dhArmika vRtti vAle haiM unakA sabala honA hI acchA hai, kyoMki unake sabala hone se ve adhika jIvoM ko sukha pahu~cAveMge / isI prakAra alasatva aura dakSatva ke prazna kA bhI vibhAga karake bhagavAn ne uttara diyA hai| bhagavatI 12. 2. 443 /

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prameya-khaNDa 57 gautama bhante, jIva sakampa haiM yA niSkaMpa ? bhagavAna mahAvIra-gautama, jIva sakampa bhI haiM aura niSkampa bhii| gautama-isakA kyA kAraNa ? bhagavAna mahAvIra-jIva do prakAra ke haiM-saMsArI aura mukta / mukta jIva ke do prakAra haiManantara-siddha aura paramparasiddha / paraMpara-siddha to niSkampa haiM aura anantarasiddha sakampa / saMsArI jIvoM ke bhI do prakAra haiM--zailezI aura azailezI / zailezI jIva niSkampa hote haiM aura azailezI sakampa hote haiM / -bhagavatI 25.4 / : 4: gautama-jIva savIrya haiM yA avIrya haiM ? bhagavAna mahAvIra-jIva savIrya bhI haiM aura avIrya bhI haiN| gautama-isakA kyA kAraNa ? bhagavAna mahAvIra-jIva do prakAra ke haiM / saMsArI aura mukta / mukta to avIrya haiN| saMsArI jIva ke do bheda haiM-zailezIpratipanna aura azailezI-pratipanna / zailezI-pratipanna jIva labdhivIrya kI apekSA se savIrya haiM, kintu karaNavIrya kI apekSA se avIrya haiM aura azailezIpratipanna jIva labdhi vIrya kI apekSA se savIrya haiM, kintu karaNa-vIrya kI apekSA se savIrya bhI haiM aura pravIrya bhI haiM / jo jIva parAkrama karate haiM, ve karaNavIrya kI apekSA se savIrya haiM aura aparAkramI haiM, ve karaNavIrya kI apekSA se avIrya haiN| __---bhagavatI 1.8.72 4deg mUla meM seye-nireye (seja-nireja) hai| tulanA karo-"tadejati tannajati"IzAvAsyopaniSad 5 /

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Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana bhagavAna buddha ke vibhajyavAda kI tulanA meM aura bhI kaI udAharaNa die jA sakate haiM, kintu itane paryApta haiM / isa vibhajyavAda kA mUlAdhAra vibhAga karake uttara denA hai, jo Upara ke udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai| asalI bAta yaha hai ki do virodhI bAtoM kA svIkAra eka sAmAnya meM karake usI eka ko vibhakta kara ke donoM vibhAgoM meM do virodhI dharmoM ko saMgata batAnA, itanA artha isa vibhajyavAda kA phalita hotA hai / kintu yahA~ eka bAta kI ora vizeSa dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai / bhagavAn buddha jaba kisI kA vibhAga karake virodhI dharmoM ko ghaTAte haiM aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jo ukta udAharaNoM meM virodhI dharmoM ko ghaTAyA hai, usa se spaSTa hai ki vastutaH do virodhI dharma eka kAla meM kisI eka vyakti ke nahIM, balki bhinna-bhinna vyaktiyoM ke haiN| vibhajyavAda kA yahI mUla artha ho sakatA hai, jo donoM mahApuruSoM ke vacanoM meM eka-rUpa se AyA hai| kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa vibhajyavAda kA kSetra vyApaka banAyA hai| unhoMne virodhI dharmoM ko arthAt aneka antoM ko eka hI kAla meM aura eka hI vyakti meM apekSA bheda se ghaTAyA hai| isI kAraNa se vibhajyavAda kA artha anekAntavAda yA syAdvAda huA aura isI lie bhagavAn mahAvIra kA darzana Age calakara anekAntavAda ke nAma se pratiSThita huaa| tiryakasAmAnya kI apekSA se jo vizeSa vyaktiyA~ hoM, unhIM meM virodhI dharma kA svIkAra karanA, yaha vibhajyavAda kA mUlAdhAra hai, jaba ki tiryag aura UrdhvatA donoM prakAra ke sAmAnyoM ke paryAyoM meM virodhI dharmoM kA svIkAra karanA yaha anekAntavAda kA mUlAdhAra hai / anekAntavAda vibhajyavAda kA vikasita rUpa hai| ataeva jaina dArzanikoM ne apane vAda ko jo anekAntavAda ke nAma se hI vizeSa rUpa se prakhyApita kiyA hai, vaha sarvathA ucita hI huA hai / anekAntavAda : bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jo anekAntavAda kI prarUpaNA kI hai, usake mUla meM tatkAlIna dArzanikoM meM se bhagavAn buddha ke niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa

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prameya-khaNDa 56 kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / syAdvAda ke bhaMgoM kI racanA meM saMjayavelaTThIputsa ke 1 vikSepavAda se bhI sahayoga liyA-yaha saMbhava hai| kintu bhagavAn buddha ne tatkAlIna nAnAvAdoM se alipta rahane ke lie jo rukha aMgIkAra kiyA thA, usI meM anekAntavAda kA bIja hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai / jIva aura jagat tathA Izvara ke nityatva evaM anityatva ke viSaya meM jo praznahote the, unako buddha ne avyAkRta batA diyaa| isI prakAra jIva aura zarIra ke viSaya meM bhedAbheda ke prazna ko bhI unhoMne avyAkRta kahA hai / jaba ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne unhIM praznoM kA vyAkaraNa apanI dRSTi se kiyA hai| arthAt unhIM praznoM ko anekAntavAda ke Azraya se sulajhAyA hai| una praznoM ke spaSTIkaraNa meM se jo dRSTi unako siddha huI, usI kA sArvatrika vistAra karake anekAntavAda ko sarvavastu-vyApI unhoMne banA diyA hai / yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAn buddha do virodhI vAdoM ko dekhakara unase bacane ke lie apanA tIsarA mArga unake asvIkAra meM hI sImita karate haiM, taba bhagavAn mahAvIra una donoM virodhI vAdoM kA samanvaya karake unake svIkAra meM hI apane naye mArga anekAntavAda kI pratiSThA karate haiM / ataeva anekAntavAda kI carcA kA prArambha buddha ke avyAkRta praznoM se kiyA jAe, to ucita hI hogaa| bhagavAna buddha ke avyAkRta prazna : bhagavAn buddha ne nimnalikhita praznoM ko avyAkRta kahA hai--42 1. loka zAzvata hai ? 2. loka azAzvata hai ? 3. loka antavAn hai ? 4. loka ananta hai ? 5. jIva aura zarIra eka haiM ? 6. jIva aura zarIra bhinna haiM ? 7. marane ke bAda tathAgata hote haiM ? 41 dIghanikAya-sAmaaphalasutta / 42 majjhimanikAya cUlamAlukyasutta 63 /

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60 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana 8. marane ke bAda tathAgata nahIM hote ? 6. marane ke bAda tathAgata hote bhI haiM, aura nahIM bhI hote ? 10. marane ke bAda tathAgata na-- hote haiM, aura na nahIM hote haiM ? 63 ina praznoM kA saMkSepa tIna hI prazna meM haiM - 1. loka kI nityatA anityatA aura sAntatA - nirantatA kA prazna, 2. jIva- zarIra ke bhedAbheda kA prazna aura 3. tathAgata kI maraNottara sthiti asthiti arthAt jIva kI nityatA- anityatA kA prazna 43 / ye hI prazna bhagavAn buddha ke jamAne ke mahAn prazna the aura inhIM ke viSaya meM bhagavAn buddha ne eka taraha se apanA mata dete hue bhI vastutaH vidhAyaka rUpa se kucha nahIM kahA / yadi ve loka yA jIva ko nitya kahate, to unako upaniSad - mAnya zAzvatavAda ko svIkAra karanA par3atA hai aura yadi ve anitya pakSa kI svIkAra karate taba cArvAka jaise bhautikavAdI dvArA saMmata ucchedavAda ko svIkAra karanA par3atA / itanA to spaSTa hai ki unako zAzvatavAda meM bhI doSa pratIta huA thA aura ucchedavAda ko bhI ve acchA nahIM samajhate the / itanA hote hue bhI apane naye vAda ko kucha nAma denA unhoMne pasaMda nahIM kiyA aura itanA hI kaha kara raha gae, ki ye donoM vAda ThIka nahIM / ataeva aise praznoM ko avyAkRta, sthApita, pratikSipta batA diyA aura kaha diyA ki loka azAzvata ho yA zAzvata, janma hai hI, maraNa hai hI / maiM to inhIM janma-maraNa ke vighAta ko batAtA hU~ / yahI merA vyAkRta hai / aura isI se tumhArA bhalA hone vAlA hai / zeSa lokAdi kI zAzvatatA Adi ke prazna avyAkRta haiM, una praznoM kA maiMne kucha uttara nahIM diyA, aisA hI samajho / 44 itanI carcA se spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna buddha ne apane mantavya ko vidhi rUpa se na rakha kara azAzvatAnucchedavAda ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai / arthAt upaniSadmAnya neti neti kI taraha vastusvarUpa kA niSedha-paraka vyAkhyAna 43 isa prazna ko Izvara ke svatantra astitva yA nAstitva kA prazna bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / 44 majjhimanikAya cUlamAluMkya sutta 63.

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prameya-khaNDa 61 karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| aisA karane kA kAraNa spaSTa yahI hai, ki tatkAla meM pracalita vAdoM ke doSoM kI ora unakI dRSTi gaI aura isa lie unameM se kisI vAda kA anuyAyI honA unhoMne pasaMda nahIM kiyaa| isa prakAra unhoMne eka prakAra se anekAntavAda kA rAstA sApha kiyA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne tattadvAdoM ke doSa aura guNa donoM kI ora dRSTi dii| pratyeka vAda kA guNa-darzana to usa vAda ke sthApaka ne prathama se karAyA hI thA, una virodhIvAdoM meM doSa-darzana bhagavAn buddha ne kiyA / taba bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAmane una vAdoM ke guNa aura doSa donoM A ge| donoM para samAna bhAva se dRSTi dene para anekAntavAda svataH phalita ho jAtA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne tatkAlInavAdoM ke guNa-doSoM kI parIkSA karake jitanI jisa vAda meM saccAI thI, use utanI hI mAtrA meM svIkAra karake sabhI vAdoM kA samanvaya karane kA prayatna kiyaa| yahI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA anekAntavAda yA vikasita vibhajyavAda hai| bhagavAn buddha jina praznoM kA uttara vidhi rUpa se denA nahIM cAhate the, una sabhI praznoM kA uttara dene meM anekAntavAda kA Azraya karake bhagavAn mahAvIra samartha hue| unhoMne pratyeka vAda ke pIche rahI huI dRSTi ko samajhane kA prayatna kiyA, pratyeka vAda kI maryAdA kyA hai, amuka vAda kA utthAna hone meM mUlataH kyA apekSA honI cAhie, isa bAta kI khoja kI ora nayavAda ke rUpa meM usa khoja ko dArzanikoM ke sAmane rakhA / yahI nayavAda anekAntavAda kA mUlAdhAra bana gyaa| aba mUla jainAgamoM ke AdhAra para hI bhagavAn ke anekAntavAda kA digdarzana karAnA upayukta hogaa| pahale una praznoM ko liyA jAtA hai, jinako ki bhagavAn buddha ne avyAkRta batAyA hai / aisA karane se yaha spaSTa hogA, ki jahA~ buddha kisI eka vAda meM par3a jAne ke bhaya se niSedhAtmaka uttara dete haiM vahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra anekAntavAda kA Azraya karake kisa prakAra vidhi rUpa uttara dekara apanA apUrva bhArga prasthApita karate haiM

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62 Agama-yuga kA jana-darzana loka kI nityAnityatA aura sAntAnantatA : upayukta bauddha avyAkRta praznoM meM prathama cAra loka kI nityAnityatA aura sAntatA-anantatA ke viSaya meM haiN| una praznoM ke viSaya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jo spaSTIkaraNa hai, vaha bhagavatI meM skandaka45 parivrAjaka ke adhikAra meM upalabdha hai| usa adhikAra se aura anya adhikAroM se yaha suvidita hai ki bhagavAn ne apane anuyAyiyoM ko loka ke saMbaMdha meM hone vAle una praznoM ke viSaya meM apanA spaSTa mantavya batA diyA thA, jo apUrva thaa| ataeva unake anuyAyI anya tIrthaMkaroM se isI viSaya meM prazna karake unheM cupa kiyA karate the| isa viSaya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zabda ye haiM _ "evaM khalu mae khaMdayA ! cauvihe loe pannatte, taM jahA-davvao khettao kAlao bhaavno| davyao gaM ege loe sate 1 / / khettao NaM loe asaMkhejjAyo joyaNakoDAkoDIo AyAmavikkhaMbheNaM asaMkhejjAo joyaNakoDAkoDIo parikkheveNaM pannattA, atthi puNa sate 2 / ___ kAlao NaM loe kayAvi na AsI, na kayAvi na bhavati, na kayAvina bhavissati, bhavisu ya bhavati ya bhavissai ya, dhuve Nitie sAsate akkhae avvae avar3hie Nicce, gasthi puNa se ante 3 / bhAvao NaM loe aNaMtA vaNNapajjavA gaMdhapajjavA ramapajjavA phAsapajjayA aNaMtA saMThANapajjavA aNaMtA garuyala huyapajjavA aNaMtA agaruyalahuyapajjavA, natthi puNa se ante 4 / __ se taM khaMdagA ! davao loe sate, khetto loe sate, kAlato loe aNaMte bhAvao loe aNaMte / " bhaga0 2.1.60 . isakA sAra yaha hai ki loka dravya kI apekSA se sAnta hai, kyoMki yaha saMkhyA meM eka hai / kintu bhAva arthAt paryAyoM kI apekSA se loka ananta hai, kyoMki lokadravya ke paryAya ananta haiM / kAla kI dRSTi se loka 45 zataka 2 uddezaka 1. 46 zataka : uddezaka 6 / sUtrakRtAMga1.1.46-"antavaM niie loe ii dhIro ti paasii|"

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prameya - khaNDa ananta hai arthAt zAzvata hai, kyoMki aisA koI kAla nahIM jisameM loka kA astitva na ho / kintu kSetra kI dRSTi se loka sAnta hai kyoMki sakala kSetra meM se kucha hI meM loka hai" anyatra nahIM - isa uddharaNa meM mukhyataH sAnta aura ananta zabdoM ko lekara anekAntavAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai / bhagavAn buddha ne loka kI - sAntatA aura anantatA donoM ko avyAkRta koTi meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne loka ko sAnta aura ananta batAyA hai / rakhA hai / taba apekSA bheda se 63 ava loka kI zAzvatatA - azAzvatatA ke viSaya meM jahA~ bhagavAn buddha ne avyAkRta kahA vahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra kA anekAntavAdI mantavya kyA hai, use unhIM ke zabdoM meM sunie -- "sAsae loe jamAlI, jana kayAvi NAsI, No kayAvi Na bhavati, Na kAvi Na bhavissai bhuvi ca bhavai ya, bhavissai, ya, dhuve Nitie sAsae akkhae avvae avaTThie Nicce / asAsae loe jamAlI, jao osappiNI bhavittA ussappiNI bhavai, ussapiNI bhavitA osappiNI bhavai / " bhaga0 6.6.387 jamAlI apane Apako arhan samajhatA thA, kintu jaba loka kI zAzvatatA-azAzvatatA ke viSaya meM gautama gaNadhara ne usa se prazna pUchA taba vaha uttara na de sakA, tisa para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne uparyukta samAdhAna yaha kaha karake kiyA, ki yaha to eka sAmAnya prazna hai / isakA uttara to mere chadmastha ziSya bhI de sakate haiM / jamAlI, loka zAzvata hai aura azAzvata bhI / trikAla meM aisA eka bhI samaya nahIM, jaba loka kisI na kisI rUpa meM na ho ataeva vaha zAzvata hai / kintu vaha azAzvata bhI hai, kyoMki loka hamezA eka rUpa to rahatA nahIM / usameM avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI ke kAraNa avanati aura 47 loka kA abhiprAya hai, paMcAstikAya / paMcAstikAya saMpUrNa AkAza kSetra meM nahIM kintu jaisA Upara batAyA gayA hai, asaMkhyAta koTAkoTI yojana kI paridhi meM haiM /

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64 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana unnati aura utsarpiNI bhI dekhI jAtI hai eka rUpa meM sarvathA zAzvata meM parivartana nahIM hotA ataeva use azAzvata bhI mAnanA caahie| loka kyA hai : prastuta meM loka se bhagavAn mahAvIra kA kyA abhiprAya hai, yaha bhI jAnanA jarUrI hai| usake lie nIce ke praznottara paryApta haiM / "kimiyaM bhaMte, loetti pavuccai ?" "goyamA, paMcatthikAyA. esa NaM evatie loetti pavuccai / taM jahA dhammathikAe ahammasthikAe jAva (AgAsasthikAe) pogglsthikaae|" bhaga0 13.4.481 / / arthAt pA~ca astikAya hI loka hai / pA~ca astikAya ye haiMdharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, jIvAstikAya aura pudgalAstikAya / jIva-zarIra kA bhedAbheda : jIva aura zarIra kA bheda hai, yA abheda isa prazna ko bhI bhagavAn buddha ne avyAkRta koTi meM rakhA hai| isa viSaya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mantavya ko nimna saMvAda se jAnA jA sakatA hai-- "AyA bhante, kAye anne kAye !" "goyamA, AyAvi kAye annevi kaaye|" "rUvi bhante, kAye araviM kAye ?" goyamA, rUvi vi kAye avi vi kaaye|" "evaM ekkekke pucchaa| 'goyamA, saccitte vi kAye accitte vi kaaye"| . bhaga0 13.7.465 / uparyukta saMvAda se spaSTa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne gautama ke prazna ke uttara meM AtmA ko zarIra se abhinna bhI kahA hai aura usase bhinna bhI kahA hai / aisA kahane para aura do prazna upasthita hote haiM, ki yadi zarIra AtmA se abhinna hai, to AtmA kI taraha yaha arUpI bhI honA vAhie aura acetana bhii| ina praznoM kA uttara bhI spaSTa rUpa se diyA gayA hai ki kAya arthAt zarIra rUpI bhI hai aura arUpI bhii| zarIra sacetana bhI hai aura sacetana bhI hai|

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prameya-khaNDa 65 jaba zarIra ko AtmA se pRthak mAnA jAtA hai, taba vaha rUpI aura acetana haiM / aura jaba zarIra ko AtmA se abhinna mAnA jAtA hai, taba zarIra arUpI aura sacetana hai / bhagavAn buddha ke mata se yadi zarIra ko AtmA se bhinna mAnA jAe taba brahmacaryavAsa saMbhava nahIM / aura yadi abhinna mAnA jAe taba bhI-brahmacaryavAsa saMbhava nahIM / ataeva ina donoM antoM ko chor3akara bhagavAn ne madhyamamArga kA upadeza diyA aura zarIra ke bhedAbheda ke prazna ko avyAkRta batAyA "taM jIvaM taM sarIraM ti bhikkhu, diTTiyA sati brahmacariyavAso na hoti / aJja jIvaM ajaM sarIraM ti vA bhikkhu, viTThiyA sati brahmacariyavAsI na hoti / ete te bhikkhu, ubho ante anupagamma majbhena tathAgato dhammaM deseti - " saMyukta XII 135 kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa viSaya meM madhyamamArga - anekAntavAda kA Azraya lekara uparyukta donoM virodhI vAdoM kA samanvaya kiyA / yadi AtmA zarIra se atyanta bhinna mAnA jAe taba kAyakRta karmoM kA phala use nahIM milanA cAhie / atyantabheda mAnane para isa prakAra akRtAgama doSa kI Apatti hai / aura yadi atyantaM abhinna mAnA jAe taba zarIra kA dAha ho jAne para AtmA bhI naSTa hogA, jisa se paraloka saMbhava nahIM rahegA / isa prakAra kRta praNAza doSa kI Apatti hogI / ataeva inhIM donoM doSoM ko dekhakara bhagavAn buddha ne kaha diyA ki bheda pakSa aura abheda - pakSa ye donoM ThIka nahIM haiN| jaba ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne donoM virodhI vAdoM kA samanvaya kiyA, aura bheda aura abheda donoM pakSoM ko svIkAra kiyA / ekAnta bheda aura abheda mAnane para jo doSa hote haiM, ve ubhayavAda mAnane para nahIM hote / jIva aura zarIra kA bheda isalie mAnanA cAhie ki zarIra kA nAza ho jAne para bhI AtmA dUsare janma meM maujUda rahatI hai, yA siddhAvasthA meM azarIrIAtmA bhI hotI hai / abheda isalie mAnanA cAhie ki saMsArAvasthA meM zarIra aura AtmA kA kSIra- nIravat yA agniloha - piNDavat tAdAtmya hotA hai isIlie kAya se kisI vastu kA sparza hone para AtmA meM saMvedana hotA hai aura kAyika karma kA vipAka AtmA meM hotA hai /

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Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana bhagavatI sUtra meM jIva ke pariNAma dA ginAe haiM yathA gati - pariNAma, indriya- pariNAma, kapAya pariNAma, lezyA - pariNAma, yoga - pariNAma, upayoga - pariNAma, jJAna- pariNAma, cAritra pariNAma aura veda pariNAma | -bhaga 0 14. 4. 514 / jIva aura kAya kA yadi abheda na mAnA jAe to ina pariNAmoM ko jIva ke pariNAmarUpa se nahIM ginAyA jA sakatA / isI prakAra bhagavatI meM ( 12.5.451 ) jo jIva ke pariNAma rUpa se varNa, gandha evaM sparza kA nirdeza hai, vaha bhI jIva aura zarIra ke abheda ko mAna kara hI ghaTAyA jA sakatA hai / anyatra gautama ke prazna ke uttara meM nizcayapUrvaka bhagavAn ne kahA hai ki 66 "goyamA, ahameyaM jANAmi ahameyaM pAsAmi ahameyaM bujjhAmi jaM NaM tahAryassa jIvassa sarUvissa sakammassa sarAgassa sabedagassa samohassa sasassa sasarIrassa tAo sarIrAo aviSyamukkassa evaM panayati taM jahA kAlatte vA jAva sukkilate vA, subhigaMdhatte vA titte vA jAva mahurate vA, kakkhaDatte vA jAva lukkhate vA / " bhaga0 17.2. / anyatra jIva ke kRmaNavarNa paryAya kA bhI nirdeza hai-- bhaga0 25.4 | ye sabhI nirdeza jIva zarIra ke abheda kI mAnyatA para nirbhara haiM / isI prakAra AcArAMga meM AtmA ke viSaya meM jo aise zabdoM kA prayoga hai " savve sarA niyanti takkA jattha na vijjati, maI tattha na gAhiyA / oe appaiTThANassa veyana e / se na dIhe na hasse na baTTe na tase na cauraMse na parimaMDale na kiNhe na nIle na itthI na purise na annahA parinne sanne uvamA na vijjae arUbI sattA apayassa payaM natthi / " AcA0 sU0 170 / vaha bhI saMgata nahIM ho sakatA, yadi AtmA zarIra se bhinna na mAnA jAe zarIra bhinna AtmA ko lakSya karake spaSTa rUpa se bhagavAn ne kahA hai, ki usameM varNa- gandha-rasa sparza nahIM hote "goyamA ! ahaM evaM jANAmi, jAva jaM NaM tahAgayassa jIvassa arUvissa akammassa avedassa alesssa asarIrassa tAo sarIrAo facererra no evaM pannAyati taM jahA kAlatte vA jAva lukkhatte vA / " bhagavatI0 17.2. /

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prameya - khaNDa 67 cArvAka zarIra ko hI AtmA mAnatA thA aura aupaniSada RSigaNa AtmA ko zarIra se atyanta bhinna mAnate the / bhagavAn buddha ko ina donoM matoM meM doSa to najara AyA, kintu ve vidhirUpa se samanvaya na kara sake / jaba ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ina donoM matoM kA samanvaya uparyukta prakAra se bheda aura abheda donoM pakSoM kA svIkAra kara ke kiyA / jIva kI nityAnityatA : mRtyu ke bAda tathAgata hote haiM ki nahIM isa prazna ko bhagavAn buddha ne avyAkRta koTi meM rakhA hai, kyoMki aisA prazna aura usakA uttara sArthaka nahIM, Adi brahmacarya ke lie nahIM, nirveda, nirodha, abhijA, saMbodha aura nirvANa ke lie bhI nahIM" / AtmA ke viSaya meM cintana karanA yaha bhagavAn buddha ke mata se ayogya hai / jina praznoM ko bhagavAn buddha ne ayoniso manasikAra'- vicAra kA ayogya DhaMga - kahA hai, ve ye haiM- " maiM bhUtakAla meM thA ki nahIM thA ? maiM bhUtakAla meM kaisA thA ? maiM bhUtakAla meM kyA hokara phira kyA huA ? maiM bhaviSyat kAla meM hoU~gA ki nahIM ? maiM bhaviSyat kAla meM kyA hoU~gA ? maiM bhaviSyat kAla meM kaise hoU~gA ? maiM bhaviSyat kAla meM kyA hokara kyA hoU~gA ? maiM hU~ ki nahIM ? maiM kyA hU~ ? maiM kaise hU~ ? yaha sattva kahA~ se AyA ? yaha kahA~ jAegA ?" bhagavAn buddha kA kahanA hai, ki ayoniso manasikAra' se naye Asrava utpanna hote haiM aura utpanna Asrava vRddhiMgata hote haiM / ataeva ina praznoM ke vicAra meM laganA sAdhaka ke lie anucita hai / ? ina praznoM ke vicAra kA phala batAte hue bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai ki 'ayoniso manasikAra' ke kAraNa ina chaha dRSTioM meM se koI eka dRSTi utpanna hotI hai / usameM pha~sakara ajJAnI pRthagjana jarA-maraNAdi se mukta nahIM hotA 40 saMyuttanikAya XVI 12; XXII 86; majjhimanikAya cUlamAluMkyasutta 63. 4 majjhimanikAya - sabbAsavasutta. 2.

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Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana 1. merI AtmA hai| 2. merI AtmA nahIM hai / 3. maiM AtmA ko AtmA samajhatA huuN| 4. maiM anAtmA ko AtmA samajhatA huuN| 5. yaha jo merI AtmA hai, vaha puNya aura pApa karma ke vipAka kI bhoktA hai| 6. yaha merI AtmA nitya hai, dhruva hai, zAzvata hai, avipariNAmadharmA hai, jaisI hai vaisI sadaiva rahegI / ataeva unakA upadeza hai ki ina praznoM ko chor3akara duHkha, duHkhasamudaya, duHkhanirodha aura duHkhanirodha kA mArga ina cAra AryasatyoM ke viSaya meM hI mana ko lagAnA caahie| usI se Asrava-nirodha hokara nirvANa-lAbha ho sakatA hai| __ bhagavAn buddha ke ina upadezoM ke viparIta hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA upadeza hai| isa bAta kI pratIti prathama aMga AcArAMga ke prathama vAkya se hI ho jAtI hai___ "ihamegesi no sannA bhavai taM jahA-purasthimAo vA disAo Agao ahamaMsi, dAhiNAlo vA....prannayarIyAo vA disAo vA araNadisAo bA Agao ahamaMsi / evamegesi no nAyaM bhavai-asthi me AyA ubavAie, nasthi meM AyA uvavAie, ke ahaM AsI, ke vA io cumo iha peccA bhavissAmi ? "se jaM puNa jANejjA sahasammuiyAe paravAgaraNeNaM anna si vA antie soccA taM jahA purathimAo...evamegesi nAyaM bhavai-asthi meM AyA uvavAie jo imAo disAo aNudisAo vA aNusaMcarai sadhvAo disAo aNudisAo soha-se AyAvAI, logAbAI, kammAvAI, kiriyaavaaii|" bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mata se jaba taka apanI yA dUsare kI buddhi se yaha patA na laga jAya ki maiM yA merA jIva eka gati se dUsarI gati ko prApta hotA hai, jIva kahA~ se AyA, kauna thA aura kahA~ jAyagA ? - taba taka koI jIva AtmavAdI nahIM ho sakatA,lokavAdI nahIM ho sktaa| 50 majjhimanikAya-sambAsavasuta. 2.

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prameya-khaNDa 66 karma aura kriyAvAdI nahIM ho sktaa| ataeva AtmA ke viSaya meM vicAra karanA, yahI saMvara kA aura mokSa kA bhI kAraNa hai / jIva kI gati aura Agati ke jJAna se mokSalAbha hotA hai / isa bAta ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai---- "iha AgaI gaI parimnAya accei jAimaraNassa vaDamagaM vikkhaayre|" AcA0 1.5.6. yadi tathAgata kI maraNottara sthiti-asthiti ke prazna ko Izvara jaise kisI atimAnava ke pRthak astitva aura nAstitva kA prazna samajhA jAe to bhagavAn mahAvIra kA isa viSaya meM mantavya kyA hai, yaha bhI jAnanA Avazyaka hai / vaidika darzanoM kI taraha zAzvata sarvajJa Izvara ko jo ki saMsArI kabhI nahIM hotA, jaina dharma meM koI sthAna nahIM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anusAra sAmAnya jIva hI karmoM kA nAza karake zuddha svarUpa ko prApta hotA hai, jo siddha kahalAtA hai / aura eka bAra zuddha hone ke bAda vaha phira kabhI azuddha nahIM hotA / yadi bhagavAn buddha tathAgata kI maraNottara sthiti ko svIkAra karate taba brahmavAda yA zAzvatavAda kI Apatti kA bhaya thA aura yadi ve aisA kahate ki tathAgata maraNa ke bAda nahIM rahatA, tava bhautikavAdiyoM ke ucchedavAda kA prasaMga AtA / ataeva isa prazna ko bhagavAn buddha ne avyAkRta koTi meM rakhA / parantu bhagavAn ne anekAntavAda kA Azraya karake uttara diyA hai ki tathAgata yA arhat maraNottara bhI hai. kyoMki ' jIva dravya to naSTa hotA nahIM, vaha siddha svarUpa banatA hai / kintu manupya rUpa jo karmakRta hai vaha naSTa ho jAtA hai / ataeva siddhAvasthA meM arhat yA tathAgata apane pUrvarUpa meM nahIM bhI hote haiN| nAnA jIvoM meM AkAra-prakAra kA jo karmakRta bheda saMsArAvasthA meM hotA hai, vaha middhAvasthA meM nahIM, kyoMki vahA~ karma bhI nahIM "kammo gaM bhaMte jIve no akammao vibhattibhAvaM pariNamai, kammao NaM jae No akammao vibhattibhAvaM pariNamai ?' "haMtA goyamA !" bhagavatI 12.5.452 / 1 tulanA-'asthi siddhI asiddhI vA evaM sannaM nivese|" sUtrakRtAMga 2.5.25.

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Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jina praznoM ko bhagavAn buddha ne nirarthaka batAyA hai, unhIM praznoM se bhagavAn mahAvIra ne AdhyAtmika jIvana kA prAraMbha mAnA hai| ataeva una praznoM ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhagavAn buddha kI taraha avyAkRta koTi meM na rakhakara vyAkRta hI kiyA hai / itanI sAmAnya carcA ke bAda aba AtmA kI nityatA-anityatA ke prastuta prazna para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai bhagavAn buddha kA kahanA hai ki tathAgata maraNAnantara hotA hai yA nahIM-aisA prazna anyatIrthikoM ko ajJAna ke kAraNa hotA hai / unheM rUpAdi"2 kA ajJAna hai ataeva ve aisA prazna karate haiN| ve rUpAdi ko AtmA samajhate haiM, yA AtmA ko rUpAdiyukta samajhate haiM, yA AtmA meM rUpAdi ko samajhate haiM, yA rUpa meM AtmA ko samajhate haiM, jaba ki tathAgata vaisA nahIM samajhate" / ataeva tathAgata ko vaise prazna bhI nahIM uThate aura dUsaroM ke aise prazna ko ve avyAkRta batAte haiM / maraNAnantara rUpa vedanA Adi prahINa ho jAtA hai / ataeva ava prajJApanA ke sAdhana rUpAdi ke na hone se tathAgata ke lie 'hai' yA 'nahIM hai' aisA vyavahAra kiyA nahIM jA sktaa| ataeva maraNAnantara tathAgata 'hai' yA 'nahIM hai' Adi praznoM ko maiM avyAkRta batAtA huuN|54 - hama pahile batalA Ae haiM ki, isa prazna ke uttara meM bhagavAn buddha ko zAzvatavAda yA ucchedavAda meM par3a jAne kA Dara thA, isalie unhoMne isa prazna ko avyAkRta koTi meM rakhA hai| jaba ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne donoM vAdoM kA samanvaya spaSTa rUpa se kiyA hai| ataeva unheM isa prazna ko avyAkRta kahane kI AvazyakatA hI nhiiN| unhoMne jo vyAkaraNa kiyA hai, usakI carcA nIce kI jAtI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jIva ko apekSA bheda se zAzvata aura azAzvata kahA hai / isa kI spaSTatA ke lie nimna saMvAda paryApta hai "jIvA NaM bhante ki sAsayA asAsayA ?" 52 saMyuttanikAya XXXIII. 1. 53 vahI XLIV. 8. 54 vahIXLIV. 1.

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"goyamA, jIvA siya sAsayA siya asAsayA / goyamA, davvaTThayAe sAsayA bhAvaTTyAe asAsayA / " - bhagavatI 7.2.273. / prameya-khaNDa 71 spaSTa hai ki dravyArthika arthAt dravya kI apekSA se jIva nitya hai aura bhAva arthAt paryAya kI dRSTi se jIva anitya hai, yaha mantavya bhagavAn mahAvIra kA hai / isameM zAzvatavAda aura ucchedavAda donoM ke samanvaya kA prayatna hai / cetana-jIva dravya kA viccheda kabhI nahIM hotA isa dRSTi se jIva ko nitya mAna karake zAzvatavAda ko prazraya diyA hai aura jIva kI nAnA avasthAe~ jo spaSTa rUpa se vicchinna hotI huI dekhI jAtI haiM, unakI apekSA se ucchedavAda ko bhI prazraya diyA / unhoMne isa bAta ko spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai ki ye avasthAe~ asthira haiM isIlie unakA parivartana hotA hai, kintu cetana dravya zAzvata sthira haiM / jIvagata vAlatva - pANDityAdi asthira dharmoM kA parivartana hogA, jaba ki jIvadravya to -- zAzvata hI rahegA / se nUNaM bhaMte athire paloTTai, no thire paloTTaI, athire bhajjai no thire bhajjai, sAsae bAlae bAliyattaM asAsayaM, sAsae paMDie paMDiyataM asAsayaM ?" "haMtA goyamA, athire paloTTaI jAva paMDiyattaM asAsayaM / " bhagavatI - 1.6.50 // dravyArthika naya kA dUsarA nAma avyucchitti naya hai aura bhAvAkinaya kA dUsarA nAma vyucchittinaya hai / isase bhI yahI phalita hotA hai hai ki dravya avicchinna dhruva zAzvata hotA hai aura paryAya kA vicchedanAza hotA hai ataeva vaha adhruva anitya prazAzvata hai / jIva aura usake paryAya kA arthAt dravya aura paryAya kA paraspara abheda aura bheda bhI iSTa hai / isIlie jIva dravya ko jaise zAzvata aura azAzvata batAyA, isI prakAra jIva ke nAraka, vaimAnika Adi vibhinna paryAyoM ko bhI zAzvata aura azAsvata batAyA hai| jaise jIva ko dravya kI apekSA se arthAt jIva dravya kI apekSA se nitya kahA hai vaise hI nAraka ko bhI jIva dravya kI apekSA se nitya kahA hai / aura jaise jIva dravya ko nArakAdi paryAya kI apekSA se anitya kahA hai vaise hI nAraka jIva ko bhI nArakatvarUpa paryAya kI apekSA se anitya kahA hai

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72 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana "neraiyA NaM bhaMte kiM sAsayA asAsayA ?" "goyamA, siya sAsayA siya asaasyaa|" "se keNaDheNaM bhaMte evaM buccai ?" "goyamA, azvocchittiNayaThyAe sAsayA, vocchittiNayaThThayAe asaasyaa|......"evN jAva vemaanniyaa|" bhagavatI 7.3.276 / jamAlI ke sAtha hue praznottaroM meM bhagavAn ne jIva kI zAzvatatA ke mantavya kA jo spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai, usa se nityatA se unakA kyA matalaba hai va anityatA se kyA matalaba hai-yaha bilakula spaSTa ho jAtA hai ____ "sAsae jIve jamAlI, jaMna kayAi NAsI, jo kayAvi na bhavati, kayAvi Na bhavissai, bhuvi ca bhavai ya bhavissai ya, dhuve Nitie sAsae akkhae avvae avaTThie Nicce / asAsae jIve jamAlI, jannaM neraie bhavittA tirikkhajoNie bhavai tirikkhajoNie bhavittA maNusse bhavai maNusse bhavitA deve bhavai / " / bhagavatI 6.6.387 / 1.4.42 / tInoM kAla meM aisA koI samaya nahIM jaba ki jIva na ho / isIlie jIva zAzvata, dhruva evaM nitya kahA jAtA hai / kintu jIva nAraka miTa kara tiryaMca hotA hai aura tiryaMca miTa kara manuSya hotA hai--isa prakAra jIva kramazaH nAnA avasthAoM ko prApta karatA hai| ataeva una avasthAoM kI apekSA se jIva anitya azAzvata adhruva hai / arthAt avasthAoM ke nAnA hote rahane para bhI jIvatva kabhI lupta nahIM hotA, para jIva kI avasthAe~ lupta hotI rahatI haiM / isIlie jIva zAzvata aura azAzvata hai| isa vyAkaraNa meM aupaniSada RSisammata AtmA kI nityatA aura bhautikavAdisammata AtmA kI anityatA ke samanvaya kA saphala prayatna hai / arthAt bhagavAn buddha ke azAzvatAnucchedavAda ke sthAna meM zAzvatocchedavAda kI spaSTarUpa se pratiSThA kI gaI hai| jIva kI sAntatA-anantatA : jaise loka kI sAntatA aura nirantatA ke prazna ko bhagavAn buddha ne avyAkRta batAyA hai, vaise jIva kI sAntatA aura nirantatA ke prazna ke

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prameya-khaNDa 73 viSaya meM unakA mantavya spaSTa nahIM hai / yadi kAla kI apekSA se sAntatA- nirantatA vicAraNIya ho, to taba to unakA avyAkRta mata pUrvokta vivaraNa se spaSTa ho jAtA hai / parantu dravya kI dRSTi se yA deza kI - kSetra kI dRSTi se jIva kI sAntatA - nirantatA ke viSaya meM unake vicAra jAnane kA koI sAdhana nahIM hai / jaba ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jIva kI sAntatA nirantatA kA bhI vicAra spaSTa rUpa se kiyA hai, kyoMki unake mata se jIva eka svatantra tattva rUpa se siddha hai / isI se kAlakRta nityAnityatA kI taraha dravya kSetra-bhAva kI apekSA se usakI sAntatA - anantatA bhI una ko abhimata hai / skaMdaka parivrAjaka kA manogata prazna jIva kI sAntatA - anantatA ke viSaya meM thA, usakA nirAkaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ina zabdoM meM kiyA hai - "je vi ya khaMdayA, jAva saante jIve anaMte jIve tassavi ya NaM eyamaTTheevaM khalu jAva davvao NaM ege jIve sanaMte, khettao NaM jIve asaMkhejjapae sie asaMkhejja sogADhe atthi puNa se aMte, kAlao NaM jIve na kayAvi na Asi jAva nicce natthi puNa se aMte, bhAvao NaM jIve aNaMtA NANapajjavA anaMtA daMsaNapajjavA anaMtA caritapajjavA anaMtA agurulahuyapajjavA natthi puNa se aMte / " bhagavatI 2.1.10 / sArAMza yaha hai ki eka jIva vyakti dravya se sAnta | kSetra se sAnta | kAla se ananta aura bhAva se ananta hai / isa prakAra jIva sAnta bhI hai aura ananta bhI hai. yaha bhagavAn mahAvIra kA mantavya hai / isameM kAla kI dRSTi se aura paryAyoM kI apekSA se usakA koI anta nahIM / kintu vaha dravya aura kSetra kI apekSA se sAnta hai / yaha kaha karake bhagavAn mahAvIra ne AtmA ke "aNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAn " isa aupaniSada mata kA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai / kSetra kI dRSTi se AtmA kI vyApakatA yaha bhagavAn kA mantavya nahIM / aura eka Atmadravya hI saba kucha hai, yaha bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ko mAnya nahIM /

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74. Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana kintu Atmadravya aura usakA kSetra bhI maryAdita hai isa bAta ko svIkAra kara ke unhoMne use sAMta kahate hue bhI kAla kI dRSTi se ananta bhI kahA hai / aura eka dUsarI dRSTi se bhI unhoMne use ananta kahA hai-jIva ke jJAna-paryAyoM kA koI anta nahIM, usake darzana aura caritra paryAyoM kA bhI koI anta nhiiN| kyoMki pratyeka kSaNa meM ina paryAyoM kA nayA-nayA AvirbhAva hotA rahatA hai aura pUrva paryAya naSTa hote rahate haiN| isa bhAva-paryAya dRSTi se bhI jIva ananta hai / bhagavAna buddha kA anekAntavAda : isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bhagavAn buddha ke sabhI avyAkRta praznoM kA vyAkaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne spaSTarUpa se vidhimArga ko svIkAra kara ke kiyA hai aura anekAntavAda kI pratiSThA kI hai / isakA mUla AdhAra yahI hai ki eka hI vyakti meM apekSA ke bheda se aneka saMbhavita virodhI dharmoM kI ghaTanA karanA / manuSya svabhAva samanvayazIla to hai hI kintu sadA sarvadA kaI kAraNoM se usa svabhAva kA AvirbhAva ThIka rUpa se ho nahIM pAtA / isIlie samanvaya ke sthAna meM dArzanikoM meM vivAda dekhA jAtA hai / aura jahA~ dUsaroM ko spaSTa rUpa se samanvaya kI saMbhAvanA dIkhatI hai, vahA~ bhI apane-apane pUrvagrahoM ke kAraNa dArzanikoM ko virodha kI gaMdha AtI hai / bhagavAn buddha ko ukta praznoM kA uttara avyAkRta denA par3A unakA kAraNa yahI hai ki unako AdhyAtmika unnati meM ina jaTila praznoM kI carcA nirarthaka pratIta huI / ataeva ina praznoM ko sulajhAne kA unhoMne koI vyavasthita prayatna nahIM kiyaa| kintu isakA matalaba yaha kabhI nahIM ki unake svabhAva meM samanvaya kA tattva bilakula nahIM thaa| unakI samanvaya-zIlatA siMha senApati ke sAtha hue saMvAda se spaSTa hai| bhagavAn buddha ko anAtmavAdI hone ke kAraNa kucha loga akriyAvAdI kahate the / ataeva siMha senApati ne bhagavAn buddha se pUchA ki Apako kucha, loga akriyAvAdI kahate haiM, to kyA yaha ThIka hai ? isake uttara meM unhoMne jo kucha kahA usI meM unakI samanvayazIlatA aura anekAntavAditA spaSTa hotI hai| uttara meM unhoMne kahA ki saca hai, maiM akuzala saMskAra

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prameya-khaNDa 75 kI akriyA kA upadeza detA hU~ isalie maiM akriyAvAdI hU~ aura kuzala saMskAra kI kriyA mujhe pasaMda hai aura maiM usakA upadeza detA hU~ isIlie maiM kriyAvAdI bhI huuN| isI samanvaya prakRti kA pradarzana anyatra dArzanika kSetra meM bhI yadi bhagavAn buddha ne kiyA hotA to unakI pratibhA aura prajJA ne dArzanikoM ke sAmane eka nayA mArga upasthita kiyA hotA / kintu yaha kArya bhagavAn mahAvIra kI zAnta aura sthira prakRti se hI hone vAlA thA isalie bhagavAn buddha ne Arya catuHsatya ke upadeza meM hI kRtakRtyatA kA anubhava kiyA / taba bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jo buddha se na ho sakA, use kara ke dikhAyA aura ve anekAntavAda ke prajJApaka hue / aba taka mukhya rUpa se bhagavAn buddha ke avyAkRta praznoM ko lekara jainAgamAzrita anekAntavAda kI carcA kI gaI hai| Age anya praznoM ke sambandha meM anekAntavAda ke vistAra kI carcA karanA iSTa hai / paraMtu usa carcA ke prAraMbha karane ke pahale pUrvokta 'duHkha svakRta hai yA nahIM' ityAdi prazna kA samAdhAna mahAvIra ne kyA diyA hai, use dekha lenA ucita hai / bhagavAn buddha ne to apanI prakRti ke anusAra una sabhI praznoM kA utara niSedhAtmaka diyA hai, kyoMki aisA na kahate to unako uccheda vAda aura zAzvatavAda kI Apatti kA bhaya thaa| kintu bhagavAn kA mArga to zAzvatavAda aura ucchedavAda ke samanvaya kA mArga hai ataeva una praznoM kA samAdhAna vidhirUpa se karane meM unako koI bhaya nahIM thaa| unase prazna kiyA gayA ki kyA karma kA kartA svayaM hai, anya hai yA ubhaya hai ? isake uttara meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA ki karma kA kartA AtmA svayaM hai, para nahIM hai aura na svaparobhaya"" / jisane karma kiyA hai, vahI usakA bhoktA hai yaha mAnane meM aikAntika zAzvatavAda kI Apatti bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mata meM nahIM AtI ; kyoM ki jisa avasthA meM kiyA thA, usase dUsarI hI avasthA meM karma kA phala bhogA jAtA hai| tathA bhoktRtva " vinayapiTaka mahAvagga VI. 31. aura aMguttaranikAya Part II. p. 179. 510 7. 57 bhagavatI 1.6.52.

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76 Agama-yuga kA ana-darzana avasthA se karmakartRtva avasthA kA bheda hone para bhI aikAntika ucchedavAda kI Apatti isalie nahIM AtI ki bheda hote hue bhI jIvadravya donoM avasthA meM eka hI maujUda hai / dravya-vicAra : dravya aura paryAya kA bhedAbheda-bhagavatI meM dravya ke vicAra prasaMga meM kahA hai ki dravya do prakAra kA hai--- 1. jIva dravya . 2. ajIva dravya / ajIva dravya ke bheda-prabheda isa prakAra haiM--- ajIva dravya rUpI prarUpI 1. pudgalAstikAya 1. dharmAstikAya 2. adharmAstikAya 3. AkAzAstikAya 4. addhAsamaya saba milAkara cha: dravya hote haiM / 1 dharmAstikAya, 2 adharmAstikAya, 3 AkAzAstikAya, 4 jIvAstikAya, 5 pudgalAstikAya aura 6 kAla (addhAsamaya) / inameM se pA~ca dravya astikAya kahe jAte haiN| kyoM ki unameM pradezoM ke samUha ke kAraNa avayavI dravya kI kalpanA saMbhava hai / paryAya-vicAra meM paryAyoM ke bhI do bheda batAe haiM..... 1 jIva-paryAya aura 2 ajIva-paryAya 58 bhagavatI 25.2.; 25.4. * 59 bhagavatI 2.10.117 / sthAnAMga sU0 441. 6deg bhagavatI 25.5. / prajJApanA pada 5.

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prameya-khaNDa 77 paryAya arthAt vizeSa samajhanA cAhie / sAmAnya-dravya do prakAra kA hai-tiryag aura UrdhvatA / jaba kAlakRta nAnA avasthAoM meM kisI dravya vizepa kA ekatva yA anvaya yA aviccheda yA dhra vatva vivakSita ho, taba usa eka anvita avicchinna dhra va yA zAzvata aMga ko UvatA sAmAnyarUpa dravya kahA jAtA hai| eka hI kAla meM sthiti nAnA deza meM vartamAna nAnA dravyoM meM yA dravyavizeSoM meM jo samAnatA anubhUta hotI hai vahI tiryagsAmAnya dravya hai| jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai, ki jIva bhI dravya hai, dharmAstikAya bhI dravya hai, adharmAstikAya bhI dravya hai ityAdi ; yA yaha kahA jAtA hai ki dravya do prakAra kA hai-jIva aura ajIva / yA yoM kahA jAtA hai ki dravya chaha prakAra kA hai--dharmAstikAya Adi ; taba ina sabhI vAkyoM meM dravya kA artha tiryagsAmAnya hai| aura jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai, ki jIva do prakAra kA hai| saMsArI aura siddha ; saMsArI jIva ke pA~ca bheda62 haiMekendriyAdi; pudgala cAra prakAra kA hai-skaMgha, skaMdhadeza, skaMdhapradeza aura paramANu ityAdi, taba ina vAkyoM meM jIva aura pudgala zabda tiryagsAmAnyarUpa dravya ke bodhaka haiN|| parantu jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai, ki jIva dravyAthika se zAzvata hai aura bhAvArthika se azAzvata hai--taba jIva dravya kA matalaba UrdhvatAsAmAnya se hai| isI prakAra jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki avyUcchittinaya kI apekSA se, nAraka' zAzvata hai, taba avyucchittinayakA viSaya jIva bhI UrdhvatAsAmAnya hI abhipreta hai| isI prakAra eka jIva kI jaba gati Agati kA vicAra hotA hai arthAt jIva marakara kahA~ jAtA hai" yA janma ke samaya vaha kahA~ se AtA hai ityAdi vicAra-prasaMga meM sAmAnya jIva 61 bhagavatI 1.1.17. 1.8.72. 62 prajJApanApada 1. sthAnAMga sU0 458. 63 bhagavatI 7.2.273. 64 bhagavatI 7.3.276. 65 bhagavatI zataka. 24. A

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Agama-yuga kA jana-darzana zabda yA jIva vizeSa nArakAdi zabda bhI UrdhvatA sAmAnya rUpa jIva dravya kehI bodhaka haiM / Qi ni jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki pudgala tIna prakAra kA hai-- prayogapariNata, mizrapariNata aura visrasApariNata; taba pudgala zabda kA artha tiryagsAmAnya rUpa dravya hai / kintu jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki pudgala atIta, vartamAna aura anAgata tInoM kAloM meM zAzvata hai, taba pudgala zabda se UrdhvanA sAmAnya rUpa dravya vivakSita hai / isI prakAra jaba eka hI paramANu pudgala ke viSaya meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki vaha dravyArthika dRSTi se zAzvata hai, " taba vahA~ paramANu pudgaladravya zabda se UrdhvatA sAmAnya dravya abhipreta hai / paryAya- vicAra : 78 jaise sAmAnya do prakAra kA hai, vaise paryAya bhI do prakAra kA hai / tiryadravya yA tiryagsAmAnya ke Azraya se jo vizeSa vivakSita hoM, ve tiryak paryAya haiM aura UrdhvatA sAmAnya rUpa dhruva zAzvata dravya ke Azraya se jo paryAya vivakSita hoM, ve UrdhvatAparyAya haiM / nAnA deza meM svatantra pRthak pRthak jo dravya vizeSa yA vyaktiyA~ haiM, ve tiryadravya kI paryAyeM haiM, unheM vizeSa bhI kahA jAtA hai / aura nAnA kAla meM eka hI zAzvata dravya kI UrdhvatA sAmAnya kI jo nAnA avasthAe~ haiM, jo nAnA vizeSa haiM, ve UrdhvatA sAmAnya rUpa dravya ke paryAya haiM unheM pariNAma bhI kahA jAtA hai / 'paryAya' evaM 'vizeSa' zabda ke dvArA ukta donoM prakAra kI paryAyoM kA bodha AgamoM meM karAyA gayA hai / kintu pariNAma zabda kA prayoga kevala Urdhva tAsAmAnyarUpa dravya ke paryAyoM ke artha meM hI kiyA gayA hai / gautama ne jaba bhagavAn se pUchA ki jIvaparyAya kitane haiM - saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta, yA ananta ? taba bhagavAn ne uttara diyA ki jIvaparyAya ananta haiM / aisA kahane kA kAraNa batAte hue unhoMne kahA hai ki asaMkhyAta nAraka haiM, asaMkhyAta asura kumAra haiM, yAvat asaMkhyAta stanita 66 bhagavatI 8.1. 67 bhagavatI 1.4.42. 68 bhagavatI 14.4.512.

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prameya-khaNDa 76 kumAra haiM, asaMkhyAta pRthvIkAya haiM yAvat asaMkhyAta vAyukAya haiM, ananta vanaspatikAya haiM, asaMkhyAta dvIndriya haiM yAvat asaMkhyAta manuSya haiM, asaMkhyAta vAnavyaMtara haiM yAvat ananta siddha haiN| isIlie jIvaparyAya ananta haiN| yaha kathana prajJApanA ke vizeSa pada meM tathA bhagavatI meM (25.5 ) hai| bhagavatI meM (25.2) jahA~ dravya ke bhedoM kI carcA hai, vahA~ una bhedoM ko prajJApanAgata paryAyabhedoM ke samAna samajha lene ko kahA hai / tathA jIva aura ajIva ke paryAyoM kI hI carcA karane vAle samUce usa prajJApanA ke pada kA nAma vizeSapada diyA gayA hai / isa se yahI phalita hotA hai ki prastuta carcA meM paryAya zabda kA artha vizeSa hai arthAt tiryak sAmAnya kI apekSA se jo paryAya haiM arthAt vizeSa vizeSa vyaktiyA~ haiM, ve hI paryAya haiM / sArAMza yaha hai ki samasta jIva gine jAe~ to ve ananta hote haiM ataeva jIvaparyAya ananta kahe gae haiM / spaSTa hai ki ye paryAya tiryagsAmAnya kI dRSTi se ginAe gae haiN| prastuta meM paryAya zabda tiryagsAmAnya ke vizeSa kA vAcaka hai| yaha bAta ajIva paryAyoM kI ginatI se bhI spaSTa hotI hai / ajIva paryAyoM kI gaNanA nimnAnusAra hai--- (prajJApanA pada 5) ajIva paryAya rUpI 1. skaMdha 2. skaMdhadeza 3. skaMdhapradeza 4. paramANupudgala arUpI 1. dharmAstikAya 2. dharmAstikAyadeza 3. dharmAstikAya pradeza 4. adharmAstikAya 5. , deza 6. ,, pradeza 7. AkAzAstikAya 8. , deza 6. ,, pradeza 10. addhAsamaya

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80 prAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana kintu jIvavizeSoM meM arthAt nAraka, deva, manuSya, tiryaMca aura siddhoM meM jaba . paryAya kA vicAra hotA hai, taba vicAra kA AdhAra bilakula badala jAtA hai| yadi una vizeSoM kI asaMkhyAta yA ananta saMkhyA ke anusAra unake asaMkhyAta yA ananta paryAya kahe jAe~ to yaha tiryagsAmAnya kI dRSTi se paryAyoM kA kathana samajhanA cAhie paraMtu bhagavAn ne una jIvavizeSoM ke paryAya ke prazna meM sarvatra ananta paryAya hI batAe haiN|" nAraka jIva vyaktizaH asaMkhyAta hI haiM, ananta nahIM, to phira unake ananta paryAya kaise ? nArakAdi sabhI jIvavizeSoM ke ananta paryAya hI bhagavAn ne batAe haiM / to isa para se yaha samajhanA cAhie ki prastuta prasaMga meM paryAyoM kI ginatI kA AdhAra badala gayA hai / jIvasAmAnya ke anannaparyAyoM kA kathana tiryagsAmAnya ke paryAya kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai, jaba ki jIvavizeSa nArakAdi ke ananta paryAya kA kathana UrdhvatAsAmAnya ko lekara kiyA gayA hai, yaha mAnanA par3atA hai / kisI eka nAraka ke anantaparyAya ghaTita ho sakate haiM, isa bAta kA spaSTIkaraNa yoM kiyA gayA hai eka nAraka dUsare nAraka se dravya kI dRSTi se tulya hai, pradezoM kI apekSA se bhI tulya, hai, avagAhanA kI apekSA se syAt catu:sthAna se hIna, syAt ratulya, syAt catu:sthAna se adhika hai; sthiti kI apekSA se avagAhanA ke samAna hai, kintu zyAma varNa paryAya kI apekSA se syAt SaTsthAnase hIna, syAt tulya, syAt SaTsthAna se adhika hai| isI prakAra zeSa varNaparyAya, donoM gaMdha paryAya, pAMcoM rasa paryAya, AThoM sparza paryAya, matijJAna aura ajJAna paryAya, zrutajJAna aura ajJAnaparyAya, avadhi aura vibhaMgaparyAya, cakSurdarzanaparyAya, acakSurdarzanaparyAya, avadhidarzanaparyAya-ina sabhI paryAyoM kI apekSA se syAt SaTsthAna patita hIna hai, syAt tulya hai, syAt paTasthAna patita adhika hai| isIlie nAraka ke ananta paryAya kahe jAte haiM / '' prajJApanA pada 5 / ___ kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki eka nAraka jIva dravya kI dRSTi se dUsare ke samAna hai| donoM ke Atma pradeza bhI asaMkhyAta hone se samAna 69 prajJApanA-pada 5.

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prameya - khaNDa hai, ataeva usa dRSTi se bhI donoM meM koI vizeSatA nahIM / eka nAraka kA zarIra dUsare nAraka se choTA bhI ho sakatA hai aura bar3A bhI ho sakatA hai, aura samAna bhI ho sakatA hai / yadi zarIra meM asamAnatA ho, to usake prakAra asaMkhyAta ho sakate haiM, kyoM ki avagAhanA sarva jaghanya ho to aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAgapramANa hogI / kramazaH eka-eka bhAga kI vRddhi se utkRSTa 500 dhanuSa pramANa taka pahu~catI hai| utane meM asaMkhyAta prakAra hoMge / isalie avagAhanA kI dRSTi se nAraka ke asaMkhyAta prakAra ho sakate haiM / yahI bAta Ayu ke viSaya meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai / kintu nAraka ke jo ananta paryAya kahe jAte haiM, usa kA kAraNa to dUsarA hI hai / varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza ye vastutaH pudgala ke guNa haiM kintu saMsArI avasthA meM zarIrarUpa pudgala kA AtmA se abheda mAnA jAtA hai / ataeva yadi varNAdi ko bhI nAraka ke paryAya mAnakara socA jAe, tathA matijJAnAdi jo ki AtmA ke guNa haiM, unakI dRSTi se socA jAe taba nAraka ke anantaparyAya siddha hote haiM / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki kisI bhI guNa ke ananta bheda mAne gae haiN| jaise koI eka guNa zyAma ho dUsarA dviguNa zyAma ho, tIsarA triguNa zyAma ho, yAvat anantavA~ ananta guNazyAma ho / isI prakAra zeSa varNa aura gaMdhAdi ke viSaya meM bhI ghaTAyA jA sakatA hai / isI prakAra AtmA ke jJAnAdi guNa kI taratamatA kI mAtrAoM kA vicAra kara ke bhI anantaprakAratA kI upapatti kI jAtI hai / aba prazna yaha hai ki nAraka jIva to asaMkhyAta hI haiM, taba unameM varNAdi ko lekara ekakAla meM ananta prakAra kaise ghaTAe jaaeN| isI prazna kA uttara dene ke lie kAlabheda ko bIca meM lAnA par3atA hai / arthAt kAla bheda se nArakoM meM ye ananta prakAra ghaTa sakate haiM / kAlabheda hI to UrdhvatA - sAmAnyAzrita paryAyoM ke vicAra meM mukhya AdhAra hai / eka jIva kAlabheda se jina nAnA paryAyoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai, unheM UrdhvatAsAmAnyAzrita paryAya samajhanA cAhie / jIva aura ajIva ke jo UrdhvatA - sAmAnyAzrita paryAya hote haiM, 81

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82 prAgama-yuga kA. jaina-darzana / unheM pariNAma kahA jAtA hai| aise pariNAmoM kA jikra bhagavatI meM tathA prajJApanA ke pariNAmapada meM kiyA gayA hai pariNAma _____ 1. jIva-pariNAma 2. ajIva-pariNAma 1. gatipariNAma 4 1. baMdhanapariNAma 2 . 2. indriyapariNAma 5 2. gatipariNAma 2 3. kaSAyapariNAma 4 3. saMsthAnapariNAma 5 4. lezyApariNAma 6 4. bhedapariNAma 5 5. yogapariNAma 3 5. varNapariNAma 5 6. upayogapariNAma 2 6. gaMdhapariNAma 3 7. jJAnapariNAma 5+3 7. rasapariNAma 5 8. darzanapariNAma 3 8. sparzapariNAma 8 6. cAritrapariNAma 5 6. agurulaghupariNAma 1 10. vedapariNAma 3 10. zabdapariNAma 2 jIva aura ajIva ke uparyukta pariNAmoM ke prakAra eka jIva meM yA eka ajIva meM kramaza: yA akramazaH yathAyogya hote haiN| jaise kisI eka vivakSita jIva meM manuSya gati paMcendriyatva anantAnubandhI kaSAya kRSNalezyA kAyayoga, sAkAropayogamatyajJAna, mithyAdarzana, avirati aura napaMsakaveda ye sabhI pariNAma yugapat haiN| kintu kucha pariNAma kramabhAvI haiN| jaba jIva manuSya hotA hai, tava nAraka nhiiN| kintu bAda meM karmAnusAra vahI jIva marakara nAraka pariNAmarUpa gati ko prApta karatA hai| isI prakAra vaha kabhI deva yA tiryaMca bhI hotA hai / kabhI ekendriya aura kabhI dvIndriya / isa prakAra ye pariNAma eka jIva meM kramaza: hI haiN| vastutaH pariNAma mAtra kramabhAvI hI hote haiM / aisA saMbhava hai ki aneka pariNAmoM kA kAla eka ho, kintu koI bhI pariNAma dravya meM 70 bhagavatI 14.4. prajJApanA-pada 13.

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prameya-khaNDa 83 sadA nahIM rahate / dravya pariNAmoM kA svIkAra aura tyAga karatA hai| vastutaH yoM kahanA cAhie ki dravya, phira bhale ho vaha jIva ho yA ajIva sva-sva pariNAmoM meM kAlabheda se pariNata hotA rahatA hai| isIlie ve dravya ke paryAya yA pariNAma kahe jAte haiM / vizeSa bhI paryAya haiM aura pariNAma bhI paryAya haiM, kyoM ki vizeSa bhI sthAyI nahIM aura pariNAma bhI sthAyI nahIM / tiryagsAmAnya jIvadravya sthAyI hai. kintu eka kAla meM vartamAna pA~ca manuSya jinheM hama jIvadravya ke vizepa kahate haiM sthAyI nahIM haiN| isI prakAra eka hI jIva ke kramika nAraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura devarUpa pariNAma bhI sthAyI nahIM / ataeva pariNAma aura vizeSa donoM asthiratA ke kAraNa vastutaH paryAya hI haiM / yadi daizika vistAra kI ora hamArA dhyAna ho, to nAnA dravyoM ke eka kAlIna nAnA paryAyoM kI ora hamArA dhyAna jAegA para kAlavistAra kI ora hama dhyAna deM to eka dravya ke yA aneka dravyoM ke kramavartI nAnA paryAyoM kI ora hamArA dhyAna jAegA / donoM paristhitiyoM meM hama dravyoM ke kisI aise rUpa ko dekhate haiM, jo rUpa sthAyI nahIM hotA / ataeva una asthAyI dRzyamAna rUpoM ko paryAya hI kahanA ucita hai| isIlie Agama meM vizeSoM ko tathA pariNAmoM ko paryAya kahA gayA hai / hama jinheM kAla dRSTi se pariNAma kahate haiM, vastutaH ve hI deza kI dRSTi se vizeSa haiM / bhagavAn buddha ne paryAyoM ko prAdhAnya dekara dravya jaisI kAlika sthira vastu kA niSedha kiyA / isIlie ve jJAnarUpa paryAya kA astitva svIkAra karate haiM, para jJAna paryAyaviziSTa Atmadravya ko nahIM mAnate / isI prakAra rUpa mAnate hue bhI ve rUpavat sthAyIdravya nahIM maante| isake viparIta upaniSadoM meM kUTastha brahmavAda kA Azraya lekara usake dRzyamAna vividha paryAya yA pariNAmoM ko mAyika yA avidyA kA vilAsa kahA hai / ina donoM virodhI vAdoM kA samanvaya dravya aura paryAya donoM kI pAramArthika sattA kA samarthana karane vAle bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vAda meM hai / upanipadoM meM prAcIna sAMkhyoM ke anusAra prakRti pariNAmavAda hai,

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84 zrAgama-yuga kA jaina darzana kintu AtmA to kUTastha hI mAnA gayA hai| isake viparIta bhagavAn mahAvIra ne AtmA aura jar3a donoM meM pariNamana-zIlatA kA svIkAra karake pariNAmavAda ko sarvavyApI karAra diyA hai / dravya paryAya kA bhedAbheda : dravya aura paryAya kA bheda hai yA abheda - isa prazna ko lekara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jo vicAra haiM unakI vivecanA karanA yahA~ para aba prApta hai bhagavatI sUtra meM pArzva - ziSyoM aura mahAvIra - ziSyoM meM hue eka vivAda kA jikra hai / pArzvaziSyoM kA kahanA thA ki apane pratipakSI sAmAyika aura usakA artha nahIM jAnate / taba pratipakSI zramaNoM ne unheM samajhAyA ki "AyA Ne ajjo, sAmAie, AyA meM ajjo, sAmAiyansa aTThe / " bhagavatI 1.6.77 arthAt AtmA hI sAmAyika hai aura AtmA hI sAmAyika kA artha hai / AtmA dravya hai aura sAmAyika usakA paryAya / ukta vAkya se yaha phalita hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dravya aura paryAya ke abheda kA samarthana kiyA thA, kintu unakA abheda samarthana ApekSika hai / arthAt dravya-dRSTi kI pradhAnatA se dravya aura paryAya meM abheda hai, yaha unakA mata honA cAhie, kyoM ki anyatra unhoMne paryAya aura dravya ke bheda kA bhI samarthana kiyA hai / aura spaSTa kiyA hai ki asthira paryAya ke nAza hone para bhI dravya sthira rahatA hai" / yadi dravya aura paryAya kA aikAntika abheda iSTa hotA to ve paryAya ke nAza ke sAtha tadabhinna dravya kA bhI nAza pratipAdita karate / ataeva isa dUsare prasaMga meM paryAya dRSTi kI pradhAnatA se dravya aura paryAya ke bheda kA samarthana aura prathama prasaMga meM dravya-dRSTi 1 "se nRNaM bhaMte prathire paloTTaha no thire paloTTai athire bhajjai, no thire bhajjai, e bAle bAliyAM prasAsayaM, sAsae paMDie paMDiyattaM prasAsayaM ? haMtA goyamA ! zrathire loTTaI jAva paMDiyattaM prasAsayaM / " bhagavatI - 1.6.80.

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prameya-saDa 5 ke prAdhAnya se dravya aura paryAya ke abheda kA samarthana kiyA hai / isa prakAra anekAntavAda kI pratiSThA isa viSaya meM bhI kI hai, yaha hI mAnanA caahie| Atma-dravya aura usake jJAna-pariNAma ko bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dravya-dRSTi se abhinna batAyA hai jisakA patA AcArAMga aura bhagavatI ke vAkyoM se calatA hai-- "je AyA se vinAyA, je vinnAyA se aayaa| jeNa vijANai se aayaa|" AcArAMga-1.5.5. "AyA bhaMte, nANe anAraNe ?" goyamA, AyA siya nANe siya annANe; nANe puNa niyamaM aayaa|" bhagavatI-12.10.468 jJAna to AtmA kA eka pariNAma hai, jo sadA badalatA rahatA hai| isase jJAna kA AtmA se bheda bhI mAnA gayA hai / kyoM ki ekAnta abheda hotA to jJAna vizeSa ke nAza ke sAtha AtmA kA nAza bhI mAnanA prApta hotaa| isalie paryAya-dRSTi se AtmA aura jJAna kA bheda bhI hai| isa bAta kA spaSTIkaraNa bhagavatIgata AtmA ke ATha bhedoM se ho jAtA hai / usake anusAra pariNAmoM ke bheda se AtmA kA bheda mAnakara, AtmA ke AThabheda mAne gaye haiM "kaivihA gaM bhaMte AyA paNNattA?" goyamA, avihA AyA pnnnnttaa| taM jahA daviyAyA, kasAyAyA, yogAyA, uvayogAyA, gANAyA saNAyA, carittAyA, voriyAyA // " bhagavatI-12.10.467 ina ATha prakAroM meM dravyAtmA ko chor3a kara bAkI ke sAta Atmabheda kapAya, yoga, upayoga, jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura vIrya rUpa paryAyoM ko lekara kie gae haiN| isa vivecana meM dravya aura paryAyoM ko bhinna mAnA gayA hai, anyathA ukta sUtra ke anantara pratyeka jIva meM uparyukta ATha AtmAoM ke astittva ke viSaya meM Ane vAle praznottara saMgata nahIM ho sakate / 'prazna-jisa ko dravyAtmA hai, kyA usako kaSAyAtmA Adi haiM yA

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' zrAgama-yuga kA jaina darzana nahIM ? yA jisako kaSAyAtmA haiM, usako dravyAtmA Adi haiM yA nahIM / uttara- dravyAtmA ke hone para yathAyogya kapAyAtmA Adi hote bhI haiM aura nahIM bhI hote, kintu kaSAyAtmA Adi ke hone para dravyAtmA avazya hotI hai / isalie yahI mAnanA par3atA hai ki ukta carcA dravya aura paryAya ke bheda ko hI sUcita karatI hai / prastuta dravya paryAya ke bhedAbheda kA anekAntavAda bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne spaSTa kiyA hai, yaha anyatra Agama-vAkyoM se bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai / 72 jIva aura ajIva kI ekAnekatA : eka hI vastu meM ekatA aura anekatA kA samanvaya bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadeza se phalita hotA hai / somila brAhmaNa ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se unakI ekatA - anekatA kA prazna kiyA thA / usa kA jo uttara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne diyA hai, usase isa viSaya meM una kI anekAntavAditA spaSTa ho jAtI hai "somilA davvaTTyAe aige ahaM, nANadaMsaNaTTTyAe dubihe ahaM, paesa TThayAe aklae vi ahaM, adhyae ki ahaM, avaTTie vi zrahaM uvayogaTTyAe praNegabhUyabhAvabhavie vi zrahaM / " bhagavatI 1.5.10 1 arthAt somila, dravyadRSTi se maiM eka hU~ / jJAna aura darzana rUpa do paryAyoM ke prAdhAnya se maiM do hU~ / kabhI nyUnAdhika nahIM hone vAle pradezoM kI dRSTi se maiM akSaya hU~, avyaya hU~ evaM avasthita hU~ / tInoM kAla meM badalate rahane vAle upayoga svabhAva kI dRSTi se maiM aneka hU~ / isI prakAra ajIva dravyoM meM bhI ekatA - anekatA ke anekAnta ko bhagavAna ne svIkAra kiyA hai| isa bAta kI pratIti prajJApanA ke alpabahutva pada se hotI hai, jahA~ ki chahoM dravyoM meM pArasparika nyUnatA, tulyatA aura adhikatA kA vicAra kiyA hai / usa prasaMga meM nimna vAkya AyA hai"goyamA, savvatthove ege dhammatthikAe babbaTTayAe, se ceva paesa TThayAe zrasaMkhejjaguNe / ...... savvatthove poggalatthikAe kavaTTayAe, se ceda paesa TTayAe asaM khejjaguNe / " prajJApanApava- - 3. sU0 56 / 72 bhagavatI 16.1. -

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prameya-khaNDa dharmAstikAya ko dravyadRSTi se eka hone ke kAraNa sarvastoka kahA aura usI eka dharmAstikAya ko apane hI se asaMkhyAta guNa bhI kahA, kyoMki dravyadRSTi ke prAdhAnya se eka hote hue bhI pradeza ke prAdhAnya se dharmAstikAya asaMkhyAta bhI hai / yahI bAta adharmAstikAya ko bhI lAgU kI gaI hai / arthAt vaha bhI dravyadRSTi se eka aura pradezadRSTi se asaMkhyAta hai / AkAza dravyadRSTi se eka hote hue bhI ananta hai, kyoMki usake pradeza anaMta haiM / saMkhyA meM pudgala dravya alpa haiM, jabaki unake pradeza asaMkhyAtaguNa haiM / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jIva aura ajIva donoM meM apekSA bheda se ekatva aura anekatva kA samanvaya karane kA spaSTa prayatna bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kiyA hai / 87 isa anekAnta meM brahma-tattva kI aikAntika niraMzatA aura ekatA tathA bauddhoM ke samudAyavAda kI aikAntika sAMzatA aura anekatA kA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai, parantu usa jamAne meM eka lokAyata mata aisA bhI thA jo sabako eka mAnatA thA, jaba ki dUsarA lokAyata mata sabako pRthak mAnatA thA / ina donoM lokAyatoM kA samanvaya bhI prastuta ekatAanekatA ke anekAntavAda meM ho, to koI Azcarya nahIM / bhagavAn buddha ne una donoM lokAyatoM kA asvIkAra kiyA hai, taba bhagavAn mahAvIra ne donoM kA samanvaya kiyA ho, to yaha svAbhAvika hai / paramANu kI nityAnityatA : sAmAnyatayA dArzanikoM meM paramANu zabda kA artha rUparasAdiyukta parama apakRSTa dravya -- jaise pRthvIparamANu Adi liyA jAtA hai, jo ki jar3a - ajIva dravya hai / parantu paramANu zabda kA aMtima sUkSmatva mAtra artha lekara jainAgamoM meM paramANu ke cAra bheda bhagavAn mahAvIra ne batAe haiM"goyamA, cauvvihe paramANU patra se taMjahA -1 davvaparamANU 2 khetaparamANU 3 kAlaparamANu 4 bhAvaparamANU / " bhagavatI 20.5. 7 " savvaM ekasaMti kho brAhmaNa tatiyaM etaM lokAyataM / "savvaM puthuttaM ti kho brAhmaNa catutthaM etaM lokAyataM / ete brAhmaNa ubho ante anupagamma majjhena tathAgato dhammaM demeti / zravijjApaccayA saMkhArA ......" saMyuttanikAya XII. 48.

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88 bhAmama-yuga kA jaina-varzana arthat paramANu cAra prakAra ke haiM 1. dravya-paramANu 2. kSetra-paramANu 3. kAla-paramANu 4. bhAva-paramANu varNAdiparyAya kI avivakSA se sUkSmatama dravya paramANu kahA jAtA hai / yahI pudgala paramANu hai jise anya dArzanikoMne bhI paramANu kahA hai,AkAza dravya kA sUkSmatama pradeza kSetraparamANu hai / sUkSmatama samaya kAlaparamANu hai / jaba dravya paramANu meM rUpAdiparyAya pradhAnatayA vivakSita hoM, taba vaha bhAvaparamANu hai| . dravya paramANu acchedya, abhedya, adAhya aura agrAhya hai / kSetraparamANu anardha, amadhya, apradeza aura avibhAga hai| kAlaparamANu avarNa, agaMdha, arasa aura asparza hai| bhAvaparamANu varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza yukta hai / dUsare dArzanikoM ne dravyaparamANu ko ekAnta nitya mAnA hai, taba bhagavAn mahAvIra ne use spaSTa rUpa se nityAnitya batAyA hai "paramANapoggale NaM bhaMte ki sAsae prasAsae ?" "goyamA, siya sAsae sie prsaase"| "se keNaDhaNaM ?" "goyamA, davvaTThayAe sAsae vannapajjavehiM jAva phAsapAhi prasAsae / " bhagavatI-14.4.512, . arthAt paramANu pudgala dravyadRSTi se zAzvata hai aura vahI varNa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza paryAyoM kI apekSA se azAzvata hai| anyatra dravyadRSTi se paramANu kI zAzvatatA kA pratipAdana ina zabdoM meM kiyA hai "esa gaM bhaMte, poggale tItamaNataM sAsayaM samayaM bhuvIti vattavya siyA ?" "haMtA goyamA, esa NaM poggle......siyaa|" 74 bhagavatI 20.5.

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prameya-khaNDa 89 "esa NaM bhaMte, poggale paDuppanna sAsayaM samayaM bhavatIti vattavvaM siyA ?" "haMtA goyamA !" "esa gaMbhaMte ! poggale praNAgayamaNaMtaM sAsayaM samayaM bhavissatIti vattavvaM siyA ?" "haMtA goyamA !" ___ bhagavatI. 14. 4. 510 tAtparya itanA hI hai ki tInoM kAla meM aisA koI samaya nahIM . jaba pudgala kA sAtatya na ho| isa prakAra pudgala dravya kI nityatA kA dravyadRSTi se pratipAdana kara ke usakI anityatA kaise hai isakA bhI pratipAdana bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kiyA hai-- "esa NaM bhaMte poggale tItamaNataM sAsayaM samayaM lukkhI, samayaM alukkhI, samaya lukkhI vA alukkhI vA? puTiva ca NaM kAraNaNaM aNegavannaM praNegarUvaM pariNAma pariNamati, aha se pariNAme nijjanne bhavati to pacchA egavanna egalye siyA?" "haMtA goyamA !..... egarUve siyaa|" bhagavatI 14.4.510. arthAt aisA saMbhava hai ki atIta kAla meM kisI eka samaya meM jo pudgala paramANu rUkSa ho. vahI anya samaya meM arUkSa ho / pudgala skaMdha bhI aisA ho sakatA hai| isake alAvA vaha eka deza se rUkSa aura dUsare deza se arUkSa bhI eka hI samaya meM ho sakatA hai / yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki svabhAva se yA anya ke prayoga ke dvArA kisI pudgala meM anekavarNapariNAma ho jAe~ aura vaisA pariNAma naSTa hokara bAda meM ekavarNapariNAma bhI usameM ho jAe / isa prakAra paryAyoM ke parivartana ke kAraNa pudgala kI anityatA bhI siddha hotI hai aura anityatA ke hote hue bhI usakI nityatA meM koI bAdhA nahIM aatii| isa bAta ko bhI tInoM kAla meM pudgala kI sattA batA kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne spaSTa kiyA haibhagavatI 14.4,510 / asti-nAsti kA anekAnta : 'sarva asti' yaha eka anta hai, 'sarvaM nAsti' yaha dUsarA anta hai| bhagavAn buddha ne ina donoM antoM kA asvIkAra kara ke madhyamamArga kA avalaMbana karake pratItyasamutpAda kA upadeza diyA hai, ki avidyA hone se saMskAra hai ityAdi

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60 prAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana ___"savvaM pratthIti kho brAhmaNa ayaM eko anto|.....'smvN natthIti kho brAhmaNa ayaM dutiyo anto / ete te brAhmaNa ubho ante anupagamma majjhena tathAgato dhamma desetiavijjApaccayA saMkhArA......." saMyuttanikAya XII 17 / anyatra bhagavAn buddha ne ukta donoM antoM ko lokAyata batAyA hai-vahI XII 8. isa viSaya meM prathama to yaha batAnA Avazyaka hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne savaM asti' kA Agraha nahIM rakhA hai kintu jo 'asti' hai use hI unhoMne 'asti' kahA hai aura jo nAsti hai use hI 'nAsti' kahA hai / 'sarvaM nAsti' kA siddhAnta unako mAnya nhiiN| isa bAta kA spaSTIkaraNa gautama gaNadhara ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezAnusAra anya tIthikoM ke praznoM ke uttara dete samaya kiyA hai ___ "nokhalu vayaM devAraNuppiyA, asthibhAvaM nasthitti vadAmo, natthibhAvaM athitti badAmo / amhe NaM devANuppiyA ! savvaM asthibhAvaM atthIti vadAmo, savvaM nathibhAvaM natthIti bdaamo|" bhagavatI 7.10.304. bhagavAn mahAvIra ne astitva aura nAstitva donoM kA pariNamana svIkAra kiyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, kintu apanI AtmA meM astitva aura nAstitva donoM ke svIkArapUrvaka donoM ke pariNamana ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai / isa se asti aura nAsti ke anekAntavAda kI sUcanA unhoMne kI hai yaha spaSTa hai|| "se nUNaM bhaMte, atthitaM asthitte pariNamai, natthittaM natthitte pariNamai ?" ''haMtA goyamA !........ prinnmi|" "jaNNaM bhaMte, atthitaM atthitte pariNamai natthittaM natthitte pariNa mai taM ki payogasA vIsasA ?" "goyamA ! payogasA vi taM vIsasAvi taM / " "jahA te maMte, atthittaM atthitte pariNamai tahA te nasthita natthitte pariNamai? jahA te natthitaM natthitte pariNamai tahA te atthitta asthitte pariNamai ?" "haMtA goyamA ! jahA me atthitaM........" bhagavatI 1.3.33. jo vastu svadravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se 'asti' hai vahI paradravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva kI apekSA se 'nAsti' hai / jisa rUpa se vaha 'asti' hai, usI rUpa se 'nAsti' nahIM kintu 'asti' hI hai / aura jisa rUpa se vaha 'nAsti' hai usa rUpa se 'asti' nahIM, kintu 'nAsti' hI hai|

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T kisI vastu ko sarvathA asti' mAnA nahIM jA sakatA / kyoM ki aisA mAnane para brahmavAda yA sarvekya kA siddhAnta phalita hotA hai aura zAzvatavAda bhI A jAtA hai / isI prakAra sabhI ko sarvathA 'nAsti' mAnane para sarvazUnyavAda yA ucchedavAda kA prasaMga prApta hotA hai / bhagavAn buddha ne apanI prakRti ke anusAra ina donoM vAdoM ko asvIkAra karake madhya mArga se pratItyasamutpAda vAda kA avalamvana kiyA hai / jaba ki anekAnta vAda kA avalambana kara ke bhagavAn mahAvIra ne donoM vAdoM kA samanvaya kiyA hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jainAgamoM meM asti nAsti, nityAnitya, bhedAbheda, ekAneka tathA sAnta - ananta ina virodhI dharma - yugaloM ko anekAntavAda ke Azraya se eka hI vastu meM ghaTAyA gayA hai / bhagavAn ne ina nAnA vAdoM meM anekAntavAda kI jo pratiSThA kI haiM, usI kA AzrayaNa karake bAda ke dArzanikoM ne tArkika DhaMga se darzanAntaroM ke khaNDanapUrvaka inhIM vAdoM kA samarthana kiyA hai / dArzanika carcA ke vikAsa ke sAtha hI sAtha jaise- jaise praznoM kI vividhatA bar3hatI gaI, vaise vaise anekAntavAda kA kSetra bhI vistRta hotA gayA / parantu anekAntavAda ke mUla praznoM meM koI aMtara nahIM pdd'aa| yadi AgamoM meM dravya aura paryAya ke tathA jIva aura zarIra ke bhedAbheda kA anekAntavAda hai, to dArzanika vikAsa ke yuga meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa, dravya aura guNa, dravya aura karma, dravya aura jAti ityAdi aneka viSayoM meM bhedAbheda kI carcA aura samarthana huA hai / yadyapi bhedAbheda kA kSetra vikasita aura vistRta pratIta hotA hai, tathApi saba kA mUla dravya aura paryAya ke bhedAbheda meM hI hai, isa bAta ko bhUlanA na cAhie / isI prakAra nityAnitya, ekAneka, asti nAsti, sAnta-ananta ina dharma-yugaloM kA bhI samanvaya kSetra bhI kitanA hI vistRta va vikasita kyoM na huA ho, phira bhI ukta dharma-yugaloM ko lekara Agama meM carcA huI hai, vahI mUlAdhAra hai aura usI ke Upara Age ke sAre anekAntavAda kA mahAvRkSa pratiSThita hai, ise nizcayapUrvaka svIkAra karanA * cAhie / prameya-khaNDa

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haM2 zrAgama-yuga kA jaina darzana syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI : vibhajyavAda aura anekAntavAda ke viSaya meM itanA jAna lene ke bAda hI syAdvAda kI carcA upayukta hai / anekAntavAda aura vibhajyavAda meM do virodhI dharmoM kA svIkAra samAna bhAva se huA hai / isI AdhAra para vibhajyavAda aura anekAntavAda paryAya zabda mAna lie gae haiM / parantu do virodhI dharmoM kA svIkAra kisI na kisI apekSA vizeSa se hI ho sakatA hai - isa bhAva ko sUcita karane ke lie vAkyoM meM 'syAt' zabda ke prayoga kI prathA huI / isI kAraNa anekAntavAda syAdvAda ke nAma se bhI prasiddha huA / aba aitihAsika dRSTi se dekhanA yaha hai ki AgamoM meM syAt zabda kA prayoga huA hai ki nahIM arthAt syAdvAda kA bIja AgamoM meM hai yA nahIM / prophesara upAdhye ke mata se 'syAdvAda' aisA zabda bhI Agama meM hai / unhoMne sUtrakRtAMga kI eka gAthA meM se usa zabda ko phalita kiyA hai / parantu TIkAkAra ko usa gAthA meM 'syAdvAda' zabda kI gaMdha taka nahIM AI hai / prastuta gAthA isa prakAra hai*" sUtrakR0 1.14.16 / gAthA - gata 'na yAsiyAvAya' isa aMza kA TIkAkAra ne 'na cAzIrvAda' aisA saMskRta pratirUpa kiyA hai, kintu pro0 upAdhye ke mata se vaha 'na cAsyAdvAda' honA caahie| unakA kahanA hai ki AcArya hemacandra ke niyamoM ke anusAra 'AziSa' zabda kA prAkRtarUpa 'AsI' honA cAhie / svayaM hemacandra ne 'AsIyA 76 aisA eka dUsarA rUpa bhI diyA hai / AcArya hemacandra ne syAdvAda ke lie prakRtarUpa 'siyAvAo' diyA hai| pro0 upAdhye kA kahanA hai ki yadi isa siyAvAo' zabda para dhyAna diyA jAja 76 "no chAyae no vi ya lasaejjA mANaM na sevejja pagAsaNaM ca / na yAvi panne parihAsa kujjA na yAsiyAvAya viyAgarejjA / " 77 orienTala konpharaMsa-navama adhivezana kI prosiDIMgsa pR0 671. prAkRtavyA0 8.2.174. vahI 8.2.107.

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prameya - khaNDa jAe, to ukta gAthA meM asyAdvAdavacana ke prayoga kA hI niSedha mAnanA ThIka hogA kyoMki yadi TIkAkAra ke anusAra AzIrvAda vacana ke prayoga kA niSedha mAnA jAe to kathAnakoM meM 'dharmalAbha' rUpa AzIrvacana kA prayoga jo milatA hai, vaha asaMgata siddha hogA / AgamoM meM 'syAdvAda' zabda ke astitva ke viSaya meM TIkAkAra aura pro0 upAdhye meM matabheda ho sakatA hai, kintu 'syAt' zabda ke astitva meM to vivAda ko koI sthAna nahIM / bhagavatI sUtra meM jahA~ kahIM eka vastu meM nAnA dharmoM kA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai, vahA~ sarvatra to 'syAt ' zabda kA prayoga nahIM dekhA jAtA, kintu kaI aise bhI sthAna haiM, jahA~ ' syAt ' zabda kA prayoga avazya kiyA gayA hai| unameM se kaI sthAnoM kA uddharaNa pUrva meM kI gaI anekAntavAda tathA vibhajyavAda kI carcA meM vAcakoM ke lie sulabha hai / una sthAnoM ke atirikta bhI bhagavatI meM kaI aise sthAna haiM, jahA~ 'syAt' zabda prayukta huA hai / isalie 'syAt' zabda ke prayoga ke kAraNa jainAgamoM meM syAdvAda kA astitva siddha hI mAnanA cAhie / to bhI yaha dekhanA Avazyaka hai ki Agama-kAla meM syAdvAda kA rUpa kyA rahA hai aura syAdvAda ke bhaMgoM kI bhUmikA kyA hai ? bhaMgoM kA itihAsa : anekAntavAda kI carcA ke prasaMga meM yaha spaSTa hogayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne paraspara virodhI dharmoM kA svIkAra eka hI dharmI meM kiyA aura isa prakAra unakI samanvaya kI bhAvanA meM se anekAntavAda kA janma huA hai / kisI bhI viSaya meM prathama asti - vidhipakSa hotA hai / taba koI dUsarA usa pakSa kA nAsti - niSedha pakSa lekara khaNDana karatA hai / ataeva samanvetA ke sAmane jaba taka donoM virodhI pakSoM kI upasthiti na ho, taba taka samanvayaM kA prazna uThatA hI nahIM / isa prakAra anekAntavAda yA syAdvAda kI jar3a meM sarvaprathama - asti aura nAsti pakSa kA honA Avazyaka hai / ataeva syAdvAda ke bhaMgoM meM sarva prathama ina J 63 78 bhagavatI 1.7.62, 2.1.86, 5.7.212, 6.4.238, 7.2.270, 7.2.273 7.3.276, 12.10.468, 12.10.466, 14.4.512, 14.4.513. ityAdi /

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Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana ko sthAna mile yaha svAbhAvika hI hai / bhaMgoM ke sAhityika itihAsa kI ora dhyAna deM, to hameM sarva prathama Rgveda ke nAsadIya sUkta meM bhaMgoM kA kucha AbhAsa milatA hai / ukta sUkta ke RSi ke sAmane do mata the| koI jagat ke Adi kAraNa ko sat kahate the, to dUsare asat / isa prakAra RSi ke sAmane jaba samanvaya kI sAmagrI upasthita huI, taba unhoMne kaha diyA vaha sat bhI nahIM asat bhI nahIM / una kA yaha niSedha mukha uttara bhI eka pakSa meM pariNata ho gayA / isa prakAra, sat, asat aura anubhaya ye tIna pakSa to Rgveda jitane purAne siddha hote haiM / | 64 upaniSadoM meM AtmA yA brahma ko hI parama tattva mAna karake antara-bAhya sabhI vastuoM ko usI kA prapaJca mAnane kI pravRtti huI, tava yaha svAbhAvika hai ki aneka virodhoM kI bhUmi brahma yA AtmA hI bane / isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki usa AtmA, brahma yA brahmarUpa vizva ko RSiyoM ne aneka virodhI dharmoM se alaMkRta kiyA / para jaba una virodhoM ke tArkika samanvaya meM bhI unheM sampUrNa saMtoSa lAbha na huA tava use vacanAgocara - avaktavya - avyapadezya batA kara va anubhavagamya kaha kara unhoMne varNana karanA chor3a diyA / yadi ukta prakriyA ko dhyAna meM rakhA jAe to " tadejati tannaijati" ( IzA 0 5 ), aNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAn " ( kaTho0 1.2.20 zvetA0 3.20 ) "saMyuktametat kSaramakSaraM ca vyaktAvyaktaM bharate vizvamIzaH / anIzazcAtmA" (zvetA0 1.8 ), "sadasadvareNyam" (muNDako0 2.2.1) ityAdi upaniSadvAkyoM meM do virodhI dharmoM kA svIkAra kisI eka hI dharmI meM apekSA bheda se kiyA gayA hai, yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai / * vidhi aura niSedha donoM pakSoM kA vidhimukha se samanvaya una vAkyoM meM huA hai / Rgveda ke RSi ne donoM virodhI pakSoM ko asvIkRta karake niSedhamukha se tIsare anubhaya pakSa ko upasthita kiyA hai / jaba ki upaniSadoM ke RSiyoM ne donoM virodhI dharmoM ke svIkAra ke kA samanvaya kara ke ukta vAkyoM meM vidhi- mukha se cauthe dvArA ubhayapakSa ubhayabhaMga kA AviSkAra kikhA /

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prameya-khaNDa kintu parama tattva ko ina dharmoM kA AdhAra mAnane para unheM jaba virodha kI gaMdha Ane lagI, taba phira anta meM unhoMne do mArga lie / jina dharmoM ko dUsare loga svIkAra karate the, unakA niSedha kara denA yaha prathama mArga hai / yAni Rgveda ke RSi kI taraha anubhaya pakSa kA avalambana karake niSedha- mukha se uttara de denA ki vaha na sat hai na asat- "na sannacAsat" ( zvetA0 4.18 ) / jaba isI niSedha ko "sa eSa neti neti" ( vRhadA0 4.5.15 ) kI aMtima maryAdA taka pahu~cAyA gayA, taba isI meM se phalita ho gayA ki vaha avaktavya hai - yahI dUsarA mArga hai / "yato vAco nivartante" ( taittirI0 2.4.) ' yadvAcAnabhyuditam " ( kena0 1.4 . ) "naiva vAcA na manasA prAptuM zakyoH " ( kaTho0 2.6.12) zradRSTamavyavahAryamagrAhyamalakSaNamacintyamavyapadezyamekAtmapratyayasAraM prapaJcopazamaM zAntaM zivamadvaitaM caturthaM manyante sa AtmA sa vijJeyaH / ' ( mANDUkdo0 7 ) Adi-Adi upaniSaTTAkyoM meM isI avaktavyabhaMga kI carcA hai / itanI carcA se spaSTa haiM ki jaba do virodhI dharma upasthita hote haiM, taba usake uttara meM tIsarA pakSa nimna tIna taraha se ho sakatA hai / 1. ubhaya virodhI pakSoM ko svIkAra karane vAlA (ubhaya ) / 2. ubhaya pakSa kA niSedha karane vAlA ( anubhaya ) / 65 3. avaktavya / ina meM se tIsarA prakAra jaisA ki pahale batAyA gayA, dUsare kA vikasita rUpa hI hai / ataeva anubhaya aura avaktavya ko eka hI bhaMga samajhanA cAhie | anubhaya kA tAtparya yaha hai, ki vastu ubhayarUpa se vAcya nahIM arthAt vah sat rUpa se vyAkaraNIya nahIM aura asadrUpa se bhI vyAkaraH NIya nahIM / ataeva anubhaya kA dUsarA paryAya avaktavya ho jAtA hai / / isa avaktavya meM aura vastu kI sarvathA avaktavyatA ke pakSa ko vyakta karane vAle avaktavya meM jo sUkSma bheda hai, use dhyAna meM rakhanA Avazyaka hai / prathama ko yadi sApekSa avaktavya kahA jAe to dUsare ko nirapekSa avaktavya kahA jA sakatA hai / jaba hama kisI vastu ke do yA adhika dharmoM ko mana meM rakha kara tadartha zabda kI khoja karate haiM, taba pratyeka dharma ke

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zrAgama-yuga kA jaina darzana vAcaka bhinna-bhinna zabda to mila jAte haiM, kintu una zabdoM ke kramika prayoga se vivakSita sabhI dharmoM kA bodha yugapat nahIM ho pAtA / ataeva vastu ko hama avaktavya kaha dete haiM / yaha huI sApekSa avaktavyatA / dUsare nirapekSa avaktavya se yaha pratipAdita kiyA jAtA hai ki vastu kA pAramArthika rUpa hI aisA hai, jo zabda kA gocara nahIM / ataeva usa kA varNana zabda se ho hI nahIM sakatA / 6 syAdvAda ke bhaMgoM meM jo avaktavya bhaMga hai, vaha sApekSa avaktavya hai / aura vaktavyatva - avaktavyatva aise do virodhI dharmoM ko lekara jainAcAryoM ne svatantra saptabhaMgI kI jo yojanA kI hai, vaha nirapekSa avaktavya ko lakSita kara ke kI hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai / ataeva avaktavya zabda kA prayoga saMkucita aura vistRta aise do artha meM hotA hai, yaha mAnanA cAhie / vidhi aura niSedha ubhaya rUpa se vastu kI avAcyatA jaba abhipreta ho, taba avaktavya saMkucita yA sApekSa avaktavya hai / aura jaba sabhI prakAroM kA niSedha karanA ho, taba vistRta aura nirapekSa avaktavya abhipreta hai / dArzanika itihAsa meM ukta sApekSa avaktavyatva nayA nahIM hai / Rgveda ke RSi ne jagat ke Adi kAraNa ko sadrUpa se aura asadrUpa se avAcya mAnA, kyoMki una ke sAmane do hI pakSa the / jaba ki mANDUkya ne caturthapAda AtmA ko antaHprajJaH (vidhi), bahiSprajJa (niSedha) aura ubhayaprajJa (ubhaya ) ina tInoM rUpa se avAcya mAnA, kyoMki unake sAmane AtmA ke ukta tInoM prakAra the| kintu mAdhyamika darzana ke agradUta nAgArjunane vastu ko catuSkoTivinirmukta kaha kara avAcya mAnA, kyoMki unake sAmane vidhi, niSedha, ubhaya aura anubhaya ye cAra pakSa the / isa prakAra sApekSa avaktavyatA dArzanika itihAsa meM prasiddha hI hai / isI prakAra nirapekSa avaktavyatA bhI upaniSadoM meM prasiddha hI hai / jaba hama 'yato vAco nivartante' jaise vAkya sunate haiM tathA jaina Agama meM jaba 'savve sarA niyaTTanti, jaise vAkya sunate haiM, taba vahA~ nirapekSa avaktavyatA kA hI pratipAdana huA hai, yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai /

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prameya-khaNDa 67 itanI carcA se yaha spaSTa hai ki anubhaya aura sApekSa avaktavyatA kA tAtparyArtha eka mAnane para yahI mAnanA par3atA hai ki jaba vidhi aura niSedha do virodhI pakSoM kI upasthiti hotI hai, taba usake uttara meM tIsarA pakSa yA to ubhaya hogA yA avaktavya hogA / ataeva upaniSadoM ke samaya taka ye cAra pakSa sthira ho cuke the, yaha mAnanA ucita hai-- 1. sat (vidhi) 2. asat (niSedha) 3. sadasat (ubhaya) 4. avaktavya (anubhaya) inhIM cAra pakSoM kI paramparA bauddha tripiTaka se bhI siddha hotI hai| bhagavAn buddha ne jina praznoM ke viSaya meM vyAkaraNa karanA anucita samajhA hai, una praznoM ko avyAkRta kahA jAtA hai / ve avyAkRta prazna bhI yahI siddha karate haiM, ki bhagavAn buddha ke samaya paryanta eka hI viSaya meM cAra virodhI pakSa upasthita karane kI zailI dArzanikoM meM pracalita thii| itanA hI nahIM, balki una cAroM pakSoM kA rUpa bhI ThIka vaisA hI hai, jaisA ki upaniSadoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| isa se yaha sahaja siddha hai ki ukta cAroM pakSoM kA rUpa taba taka meM vaisA hI sthira huA thA, jo ki nimnalikhita avyAkRta praznoM ko dekhane se spaSTa hotA hai-- 1. hoti tathAgato paraMmaraNAti ? 2. na hoti tathAgato paraMmaraNAti ? 3. hoti ca na hoti ca tathAgato paraMmaraNAti ? 4. neva hoti na nahoti tathAgato paraMmaraNAti ?.1 ina avyAkRta praznoM ke atirikta bhI anya prazna tripTika meM aise haiM, jo ukta cAra pakSoM ko hI siddha karate haiM 1. sayaMkata dukkhaMti ? 2. paraMkataM dukkhaMti ? 3. sayaMkAtaM paraMkataM ca bukkhaMti ? / 4. asayaMkAraM aparaMkAraM dukkhaMti ? -saMyatsani. XII. 17. 49 saMyuttanikAya XL IV.

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18 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana tripiTaka-gata saMjayabelaTTiputtake mata-varNana ko dekhane se bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki taba taka meM vahI cAra pakSa sthira the / saMjaya vikSepavAdI thA, ataeva nimnalikhita kisI viSaya meM apanA nizcita mata prakaTa na karatA thaa| 1. 2. 1. paraloka hai ? 2. paraloka nahIM hai ?. 3. paraloka hai aura nahIM hai ? 4. paraloka hai aisA nahIM, nahIM hai aisA nahIM ? 1. aupapAtika haiM ? 2. aupapAtika nahIM haiM ? 3. aupapAtika haiM aura nahIM haiM ? 4. aupapAtika na haiM, na nahIM haiM ? 1. sukRta duSkRta karma kA phala hai ? 2. sukRta duSkRta karma kA phala nahIM hai ? 3. sukRta duSkRta karma kA phala hai aura nahIM hai ? 4. sukRta duSkRta karma kA phala na hai, na nahIM hai ? 4. 1. maraNAnantara tathAgata hai ? / 2. maraNAnantara tathAgata nahIM hai ? 5. maraNAnantara tathAgata hai aura nahIM hai ? . 4. maraNAnantara tathAgata na hai aura na nahIM hai ? jaina AgamoM meM bhI aise kaI padArthoM kA varNana milatA hai, jinameM vidhi-niSedha-ubhaya aura anubhaya ke AdhAra para cAra vikalpa kie gae haiM / yathA 80 dIghanikAya-sAmaaphalasutta.

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prameya-khaNDa 66 1. AtmArambha 2. parArambha 3. tadubhayArambha 4. anArambha bhagavatI 1.1.17 1. guru 2. laghu 3. guru-laghu 4. agurulaghu bhagavatI 1.6.74 1. satya 2. mRSA 3. satya-mRSA 4. asatyamRSA bhagavatI 13.7.463 4. 1 AtmAMtakara 2. parAMtakara 3. AtmaparAMtakara 4. noAtmAMtakara-parAMtakara sthAnAMgasUtra-287,286,327,344,355,365 / itanI carcA se yaha spaSTa hai, ki vidhi, niSedha, ubhaya aura avaktavya (anubhaya) ye cAra pakSa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samayaparyanta sthira ho cuke the / isI se bhagavAn mahAvIra ne inhIM pakSoM kA samanvaya kiyA hogA--aisI kalpanA hotI hai| usa avasthA meM syAdvAda ke maulika bhaMga ye phalita hote haiM 1. syAt sat (vidhi) 2. syAd asat (niSedha) 3. syAd sat syAdasat (ubhaya) 4. syAdavaktavya (anubhaya) avaktavya kA sthAna : ina cAra bhaMgoM meM se jo aMtima bhaMga avaktavya hai, vaha do prakAra se labdha ho sakatA hai

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100 prAgama-yuga kA jana-darzana 1. prathama ke do bhaMga rUpa se vAcyatA kA niSedha kara ke / 2. prathama ke tInoM bhaMga rUpa se vAcyatA kA niSedha kara ke| prathama do bhaMga rUpa se vAcyatA kA jaba niSedha abhipreta ho, taba svAbhAvika rUpa se avaktavya kA sthAna tIsarA par3atA hai| yaha sthiti Rgveda ke RSi ke mana kI jAna par3atI hai, jaba ki unhoMne sat aura asata rUpa se jagat ke Adi kAraNa ko avaktavya btaayaa| ataeva yadi syAdvAda ke bhaMgoM meM avaktavya kA tIsarA sthAna jaina granthoM meM AtA ho, to baha itihAsa kI dRSTi se saMgata hI hai / bhagavatI-sUtra meM jahA~ svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne syAdvAda ke bhaMgoM kA vivaraNa kiyA hai, vahA~ avaktavya bhaMga kA sthAna tIsarA hai| yadyapi vahAM usakA tIsarA sthAna anya dRSTi se hai, jisakA ki vivaraNa Age kiyA jAegA, tathApi bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jo aisA kiyA vaha, kisI prAcIna paramparA kA hI anugamana ho to Azcarya nhiiN| isI paramparA kA anugamana karake AcArya umAsvAti (lasvArtha bhA0 5.31),siddhasena (sanmati0 1.36), jinabhadra (vizeSA gA0 2232) Adi AcAryoM ne avaktavya ko tIsarA sthAna diyA hai| jaba prathama ke tInoM bhaMga rUpa se vAcyatA kA niSedha karake vastu ko avaktavya kahA jAtA hai, taba svabhAvataH avaktavya ko bhaMgoM ke krama meM cauthA sthAna milanA caahie| mANDUkyopaniSad meM catuSpAda AtmA kA varNana hai| usameM jo caturthapAdarUpa AtmA hai, vaha aisA hI avaktavya hai / RSi ne kahA hai ki-"nAntaHprajJaM na bahiSprajJaM nobhayataH prazaM" (mANDU 0 7) isa se spaSTa hai ki-- 1. antaHprajJa 2. bahiSprajJa 3. ubhayaprajJa ina tInoM bhaMgoM kA niSedha kara ke usa AtmA ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai aura phalita kiyA hai ki "adRSTamavyavahAryamagrAhyama 1 bhagavatI-12.10.466.

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prameya-khaNDa 101 lakSaNamacintyamavyapadezyam" (mANDU07) aise AtmA ko hI caturtha pAda samajhanA caahie| kahanA na hogA, ki prastuta meM vidhi, niSedha evaM ubhaya ina tIna bhaMgoM se vAcyatA kA niSedha karane vAlA caturtha avaktavya bhaMga vivakSita hai ! isa sthiti meM syAdvAda ke bhaMgoM meM avaktavya ko tIsarA nahIM, kintu cauthA sthAna milanA caahie| isa paramparA kA anugamana saptabhaMgI meM avaktavya ko caturtha sthAna dene vAle AcArya samantabhadra (AptamI0 kA0 16) aura tadanuyAyI jainAcAryoM ke dvArA huA ho, to Azcarya nahIM / AcArya kundakunda ne donoM matoM kA anugamana kiyA hai / syAdvAda ke bhaMgoM kI vizeSatA : syAdvAda ke bhaMgoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pUrvokta cAra bhaMgoM ke atirikta amya bhaMgoM kI bhI yojanA kI hai| ina ke viSaya meM carcA karane ke pahale upaniSad nirdiSTa cAra pakSa, tripiTaka ke cAra avyAkRta prazna, saMjaya ke cAra bhaMga aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke syAdvAda ke bhaMga ina sabhI meM paraspara kyA vizeSatA hai, usa kI carcA kara lenA vizeSa upayukta hai / upaniSadoM meM mANDUkya ko chor3akara kisI eka RSi ne ukta cAroM pakSoM ko svIkRta nahIM kiyaa| kisI ne sat pakSa ko kisI ne asat pakSa ko, kisI ne ubhaya pakSa ko to kisI ne avaktavya pakSa ko svIkRta kiyA hai, jaba ki mANDUkya ne AtmA ke viSaya meM cAroM pakSoM ko svIkRta kiyA hai| bhagavAn buddha ke cAroM avyAkRta praznoM ke viSaya meM to spaSTa hI hai ki bhagavAn buddha una praznoM kA koI hA~ yA nA meM uttara hI denA nahIM cAhate the / ataeva ve prazna avyAkRta kahalAe / isake viruddha bhagavAn mahAvIra ne cAroM pakSoM kA samanvaya kara ke sabhI pakSoM ko apekSA bheda se svIkAra kiyA hai| saMjaya ke mata meM aura syAdvAda meM bheda yaha hai ki syAdvAdI pratyeka bhaMga kA spaSTa rUpa se nizcayapUrvaka svIkAra karatA hai, jaba ki saMjaya mAtra bhaMga-jAla kI racanA kara ke una bhaMgoM ke viSaya meM apanA ajJAna hI prakaTa karatA hai| saMjaya kA koI nizcaya hI nhiiN| vaha bhaMga-jAla kI racanA karake ajJAnavAda meM hI kartavya kI itizrI

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102 Agama-yuga kA jana-varzana samajhatA hai, taba syAdvAdI bhagavAn mahAvIra pratyeka bhaMga kA svIkAra karanA kyoM Avazyaka hai, yaha batAkara virodhI bhaMgoM ke svIkAra ke lie nayavAda evaM apekSAvAda kA samarthana karate haiM / yaha to saMbhava hai ki syAdvAda ke bhaMgoM kI yojanA meM saMjaya ke bhaMga-jAla se bhagavAn mahAvIra ne lAbha uThAyA ho, kintu unhoMne apanA svAtantrya bhI batAyA hai, yaha spaSTa hI hai / arthAt donoM kA darzana do virodhI dizA meM pravAhita huA hai / Rgveda se bhagavAn buddha paryanta jo vicAra-dhArA pravAhita huI hai, usakA vizleSaNa kiyA jAe, to pratIta hotA hai ki prathama eka pakSa upasthita huA jaise sat yA asat kA / usake virodha meM vipakSa utthita huA asat yA sat kA / taba kisI ne ina do virodhI bhAvanAoM ko samanvita karane kI dRSTi se kaha diyA ki tattva na sat kahA jA sakatA hai aura na asatvaha to avaktavya hai / aura kisI dUsare ne do virodhI pakSoM ko milAkara kaha diyA ki vaha sadasat hai / vastutaH vicAra-dhArA ke uparyukta pakSa, vipakSa aura samanvaya ye tIna kramika sopAna haiM / kintu samanvaya - paryanta A jAne ke bAda phira se samanvaya ko hI eka pakSa banAkara vicAra-dhArA Age calatI hai, jisase samanvaya kA bhI eka vipakSa upasthita hotA hai / aura phira naye pakSa aura vipakSa ke samanvaya kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaba vastu kI avaktavyatA meM sad aura asat kA samanvaya huA, taba vaha bhI eka ekAnta pakSa bana gayA / saMsAra kI gatividhi hI kucha aisA hai, manuSya kA mana hI kucha aisA hai ki use ekAnta sahya nahIM / ataeva vastu kI aikAntika avaktavyatA ke viruddha bhI eka vipakSa utthita huA ki vastu aikAntika avaktavya nahIM, usakA varNana bhI zakya hai / isI prakAra samanvayavAdI ne jaba vastu ko sadasat kahA, taba usakA vaha samanvaya bhI eka pakSa bana gayA aura svabhAvataH usake virodha meM vipakSa kA utthAna huA / ataeva kisI ne kahA- eka hI vastu sadasat kaise ho sakatI hai, usameM virodha hai / jahA~ virodha hotA hai, vahA~ saMzaya upasthita hotA hai / jisa viSaya meM saMzaya ho, vahA~ usakA jJAna samyagjJAna nahIM ho sakatA / ataeva mAnanA yaha cAhie ki vastu kA samyagjJAna nahIM / hama use aisA bhI nahIM kaha sakate, vaisA bhI nahIM kaha sakate / isa saMzaya yA ajJAnavAda

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prameya-khaNDa 103. kA tAtparya vastu kI ajJeyatA-anirNeyatA evaM avAcyatA meM jAna par3atA hai / yadi virodhI matoM kA samanvaya ekAnta dRSTi se kiyA jAe, taba to pakSa-vipakSa-samanvaya kA cakra anivArya hai| isI cakra ko bhedane kA mArga bhagavAn mahAvIra ne batAyA hai| una ke sAmane pakSa-vipakSa-samanvaya aura samanvaya kA bhI vipakSa upasthita thaa| yadi ve aisA samanvaya karate jo phira eka pakSa kA rUpa le le, taba to pakSa-vipakSa-samanvaya ke cakra kI gati nahIM ruktii| isI se unhoMne samanvaya kA eka nayA mArga liyA, jisase vaha samanvaya svayaM Age jAkara eka naye vipakSa ko avakAza de na sake / unake samanvaya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha samanvaya svatantra pakSa na hokara sabhI virodhI pakSoM kA yathAyogya saMmelana hai| unhoMne pratyeka pakSa ke balAbala kI ora dRSTi dI hai| yadi ve kevala daurbalya kI ora dhyAna de kara ke samanvaya karate, taba sabhI pakSoM kA sumela hokara ekatra saMmelana na hotA, kintu aisA samanvaya upasthita ho jAtA, jo kisI eka vipakSa ke utthAna ko avakAza detA / bhagavAn mahAvIra aise vipakSa kA utthAna nahIM cAhate the / ataeva unhoMne pratyeka pakSa ko saccAI para bhI dhyAna diyA, aura sabhI pakSoM ko vastu ke darzana meM yathAyogya sthAna diyaa| jitane bhI abAdhita virodhI pakSa the, una sabhI ko saca batAyA arthAt * sampUrNa satya kA darzana to una sabhI virodhoM ke milane se hI ho sakatA hai, pArasparika nirAsa ke dvArA nhiiN| isa bAta kI pratIti nayavAda ke dvArA kraaii| sabhI pakSa, sabhI mata, pUrNa satya ko jAnane ke bhinna-bhinna prakAra haiN| kisI eka prakAra kA itanA prAdhAnya nahIM hai ki vahI saca ho aura dUsarA nhiiN| sabhI pakSa apanI-apanI dRSTi se satya haiM, aura inhIM saba dRSTiyoM ke yathAyogya saMgama se vastu ke svarUpa kA AbhAsa hotA hai / yaha nayavAda itanA vyApaka hai ki isameM eka hI vastu ko jAnane ke sabhI saMbhavita mArga pRthak-pRthak naya rUpa se sthAna prApta kara lete haiN| ve naya taba kahalAte haiM, jaba ki apanI-apanI maryAdA meM raheM, apane. pakSa kA spaSTIkaraNa kareM aura dUsare pakSa kA mArga avaruddha na kareM / parantu yadi ve aisA nahIM karate, to naya na kahe jAkara durnaya bana jAte haiM / isa avasthA

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104 bhAgama-yuga kA jaina darzana meM vipakSoM kA utthAna sahaja hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kA samanvaya sarvavyApI hai arthAt sabhI pakSoM kA sumela karane vAlA hai / ataeva usa ke viruddha vipakSa ko koI sthAna nahIM raha jAtA / isa samanvaya meM pUrvapakSoM kA lopa hokara eka hI mata nahIM raha jAtA / kintu pUrva sabhI mata apane-apane sthAna para raha kara vastu darzana meM ghar3I ke bhinna-bhinna purje kI taraha sahAyaka hote haiN| isa prakAra pUrvokta pakSa-vipakSa - - samanvaya ke cakra meM jo doSa thA, use dUra karake bhagavAna ne samanvaya kA yaha nayA mArga liyA, jisa se phala yaha huA ki unakA vaha samanvaya aMtima hI rahA / isa para se hama dekha sakate haiM ki unakA syAdvAda na to ajJAnavAda hai aura na saMzayavAda / ajJAnavAda taba hotA, jaba ve saMjaya kI taraha aisA kahate ki vastu ko maiM na sat jAnatA hU~, to sat kaise kahU~, aura na asat jAnatA hU~, to asat kaise kahU~ ityAdi / bhagavAn mahAvIra to spaSTa rUpa se yahI kahate haiM ki vastu sat hai, aisA merA nirNaya hai, vaha asat hai, aisA bhI merA nirNaya hai / vastu ko hama usake sva- dravya kSetrAdi kI dRSTi se sat samajhate haiM aura paradravyAdi kI apekSA se use hama asat samajhate haiM / isa meM na to saMzaya ko sthAna hai aura na ajJAna ko naya bheda se jaba donoM virodhI dharmoM kA svIkAra hai, taba virodha bhI nahIM / ataeva zaMkarAcArya prabhRti vedAnta ke AcArya aura dharmakIrti Adi bauddha AcArya aura unake prAcIna aura Adhunika vyAkhyAkAra syAdvAda meM virodha, saMzaya aura ajJAna Adi jina doSoM kA udbhAvana karate haiM, ve syAdvAda meM lAgU nahIM ho sakate, kintu saMjaya ke saMzayavAda yA ajJAnavAda meM hI lAgU hote haiM / anya dArzanika syAdvAda ke bAre meM sahAnubhUtipUrvaka socate to syAdvAda aura saMzayavAda ko ve eka nahIM samajhate aura saMzayavAda ke doSoM ko syAdvAda ke sira nahIM mar3hate / jainAcAryoM ne to bAra-bAra isa bAta kI ghoSaNA kI hai ki syAdvAda saMzayavAda nahIM aura aisA koI darzana hI nahIM, jo kisI na kisI rUpa meM syAdvAda kA svIkAra na karatA ho / sabhI darzanoM ne

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prameya saNa 105 syAdvAda ko apane-apane DhaMga se svIkAra to kiyA hai, kintu usa kA nAma lene para doSa batAne laga jAte haiM / syAdvAda ke bhaMgoM kA prAcIna rUpa : aba hama syAdvAda kA svarUpa jaisA Agama meM hai, usa kI vivecanA karate haiM, bhagavAn ke syAdvAda ko ThIka samajhane ke lie bhagavatI sUtra kA eka sUtra acchI taraha se mArgadarzaka ho sakatA hai| ataeva usI kA sAra nIce diyA jAtA hai / kyoMki syAdvAda ke bhaMgoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM bhagavAn kA abhiprAya kyA thA, bhagavAn ke abhipreta bhaMgoM ke sAtha pracalita saptabhaMgI ke bhaMgoM kA kyA sambandha hai tathA AgamottarakAlIna jaina dArzanikoM ne bhaMgoM kI sAta hI saMkhyA kA jo Agraha rakhA hai, usa kA kyA mUla hai-yaha saba usa sUtra se mAlUma ho jAtA hai / gautama kA prazna hai ki ratnaprabhA pRthvI AtmA hai yA anya hai ? usake uttara meM bhagavAn ne kahA 1. ratnaprabhA pRthvI syAdAtmA hai / .. 2. ratnaprabhA pRthvI syAdAtmA nahIM hai / 3. ratnaprabhA pRthvI syAdavaktavya hai| arthAt AtmA hai aura ____ AtmA nahIM hai, isa prakAra se vaha vaktavya nahIM hai / ina tIna bhaMgoM ko suna kara gautama ne bhagavAn se phira pUchA ki Apa eka hI pRthvI ko itane prakAra se kisa apekSA se kahate haiM ? bhagavAn ne uttara diyA 1. AtmA-sva ke Adeza se AtmA hai / 2. para ke Adeza se AtmA nahIM hai / 3. tadubhaya ke Adeza se avaktavya hai / ratnaprabhA kI taraha gautama ne sabhI pRthvI, sabhI deva-loka aura siddha-zilA ke viSaya meM pUchA hai aura uttara bhI vaisA hI milA hai| 82 anekAntavyavasthA kI aMtima prazasti pR0 87.

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106 grAgama yuga kA jaina darzana usake bAda unhoMne paramANu pudgala ke viSaya meM bhI pUchA / aura vaisA hI uttara milA / kintu jaba unhoMne dvipradezika skandha ke viSaya meM pUchA, usake uttara meM bhaMgoM kA Adhikya hai, so isa prakAra - 1. dvipradezI skandha syAdAtmA hai / 2. 3. 4. 5. 33 37 11 2) " 17 " 11 33 "" 17 nahIM hai / syAdavaktavya hai / syAdAtmA hai aura AtmA nahIM hai / syAdAtmA hai aura avaktavya hai / syAdAtmA nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai / ina bhaMgoM kI yojanA ke apekSAkAraNa ke viSaya meM apane prazna kA gautama ko jo uttara milA hai, vaha isa prakAra - 1. dvipradezika skandha AtmA ke Adeza se AtmA hai / 2. para ke Adeza se AtmA nahIM hai / 3. tadubhaya ke Adeza se avaktavya hai / 4. deza 3 AdiSTa hai sadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza AdiSTa hai asadbhAva paryAyoM se / ataeva dvipradezika skandha AtmA hai, aura AtmA nahIM hai / 5. deza AdiSTa hai sadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza AdiSTa hai tadubhaya paryAyoM se / ataeva dvipradezika skandha AtmA hai aura avaktavya hai / 6. deza AdiSTa hai asadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza AdiSTa hai tadubhaya paryAyoM se / ataeva dvipradezikaM skandha AtmA nahIM hai, aura avaktavya hai / isake bAda gautama ne tripradezika skandha ke viSaya meM vaisA hI prazna pUchA, usakA uttara nimnalikhita bhaMgoM meM milA ( 1 ) 1 tripradezika skandha syAdAtmA hai / ( 2 ) 2. tridezika skandha syAdAtmA nahIM hai / 83 eka hI skandha ke bhinna-bhinna bhraMzoM meM vivakSA meda kA zrAzraya lene se cauthe se Age ke sabhI bhaMga hote haiN| inhIM vikalAdezI bhaMgoM ko dikhAne kI prakriyA isa vAkya se prAraMbha hotI hai /

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prameya-khaNDa 107 (3) 3. tripradezika skandha syAdavaktavya hai / (4) 4. tripradezika skandha syAdAtmA hai, aura AtmA nahIM hai| 5. tripradezika skandha syAdAtmA hai, (2) AtmAe~ nahIM haiN| 6. tripradezika skandha syAdAtmAe~ (2) haiM, AtmA nahIM hai / (5)7 tripradezika skandha syAdAtmA hai aura avaktavya hai| 8. tripradezika skandha syAdAtmA hai aura (2) avaktavya haiM / 6. tripradezika skandha syAd (2) AtmAe~ haiM, aura avaktavya hai| (6) 10. tripradezika skandha syAd AtmA nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai| 11. tripradezika skandha syAdAtmA nahIM hai aura (2) avaktavya haiN| 12. tripradezika skandha syAd (2) AtmAe~ nahIM haiM aura avaktavya hai| (7) 13. tripradezika skaMdha syAdAtmA hai,AtmA nahIM hai, aura avaktavya hai| gautama ne jaba ina bhaMgoM kA yojanA kI apekSAkAraNa pUchA, taba bhagavAn ne uttara diyA ki (1) 1. tripradezika skandha AtmA ke Adeza se AtmA hai / (2)2. tripradezika skandha para ke Adeza se AtmA nahIM hai / (3) 3. tripradezika skandha tadubhaya ke Adeza se avaktavya hai / (4) 4. deza AdiSTa hai sadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza AdiSTa hai asa- . dbhAvaparyAyoM se / ataeva tripradezika skandha AtmA hai, aura AtmA nahIM hai| 5. deza AdiSTa hai sadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura (2) deza AdiSTa hai asadbhAvaparyAyoM se / ataeva tripradezika skandha AtmA hai aura (2 AtmAe~ nahIM haiN| 6. (dA) deza AdiSTa haiM sadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza AdiSTa hai asadbhAvaparyAyoM se| ataeva tripradezika skandha (do) AtmAe~ haiM aura AtmA nahIM hai| (5) 7. deza AdiSTa hai sadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza AdipTa hai tadubhayaparyAyoM se / ataeva tripradezika skandha AtmA hai aura avaktavya hai|

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108 Agama-yuga kA jaina - varzana 8. deza AdiSTa hai sadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura (do) deza AdiSTa haiM tadubhayaparyAyoM se / ataeva tripradezika skandha AtmA hai aura (do) avaktavya haiM / 6. (do) deza AdiSTa haiM sadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza AdiSTa hai tadubhaparyAyoM se / ataeva tripradezika skandha ( 2 ) AtmAe~ haiM aura avaktavya hai / (6) 10. deza AdiSTa hai asadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza AdiSTa hai tadubhayaparyAyoM se / ataeva tripradezika skandha AtmA nahIM hai, aura avaktavya hai / 11. deza AdiSTa hai asadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura (do) deza AdiSTa haiM tadubhayaparyAyoM se / ataeva tripradezika skandha AtmA nahIM hai aura (do) avaktavya haiM / 12. (do) deza AdiSTa haiM asadbhAvapaMryAyoM se aura deza AdiSTa hai tadubhayaparyAyoM se / ataeva tripradezika skandha (do) AtmAe~ nahIM haiM aura avaktavya hai / ( 7 ) 13. deza AdiSTa hai sadbhAvaparyAyoM se, deza AdiSTa hai asadbhAba - paryAyoM se aura deza AdiSTa hai tadubhayaparyAyoM se / ataeva tripradezika skandha AtmA hai, AtmA nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai / isake bAda gautama ne catuSpradezika skaMdha ke viSaya meM vahI prazna kiyA hai| uttara meM bhagavAn ne 16 bhaMga kie / jaba phira gautama ne apekSAkAraNa ke viSaya meM pUchA, taba uttara nimnalikhita diyA gayA (1) 1. catuSpradezika skandha AtmA ke Adeza se AtmA hai / ( 2 ) 2. catuSpradezika skandha para ke Adeza se AtmA nahIM hai / (3) 3. catuSpradezika skandha tadubhaya ke Adeza se avaktavya hai / ( 4 ) 4. deza AdiSTa hai sadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza AdiSTa hai asadbhAvaparyAyoM se / ataeva catuSpradezika skandha AtmA hai aura AtmA nahIM hai / 5. deza AdiSTa hai sadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura ( aneka ) deza AdiSTa haiM sadbhAvaparyAyoM se prataeva catuSpradezika skandha prAtmA hai aura ( aneka ) 1

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prameya-khaNDa 106 AtmAe~ nahIM haiN| 6. (aneka) deza AdiSTa haiM sadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza AdiSTa hai asadbhAvaparyAyoM se ataeva catuSpradezika skandha (aneka) AtmAeM haiM aura AtmA nahIM hai| 7. (aneka-2) deza AdiSTa haiM sadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura (aneka2) deza AdiSTa haiM asadbhAvaparyAyoM se| ataeva catuSpradezika skandha / (aneka-2) AtmAeM haiM aura (aneka-2) AtmAe~ nahIM haiM / (5) 8. deza AdiSTa hai sadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza AdiSTa hai tadubhayaparyAyoM se ataeva catuSpradezika skandha AtmA hai aura avaktavya hai / 6. deza AdiSTa hai sadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura (aneka) deza AdiSTa haiM tadubhayaparyAyoM se / ataeva catuSpradezika skandha AtmA hai aura (ameka) avaktavya haiN| 10. (aneka) deza AdiSTa haiM sadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza AdiSTa hai tadubhayaparyAyoM se| ataeva catuSpradezika skandha, (aneka) AtmAe~ haiM aura avaktavya haiN| 11. (aneka-2) deza AdiSTa haiM aura sadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura (aneka-2) deza AdiSTa haiM tadubhayaparyAyoM se ataeva catuSpradezika skandha (aneka-2) AtmAeM haiM aura (aneka-2) avaktavya haiN| (6) 12. deza AdiSTa hai asadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza AdiSTa hai tadubhayaparyAyoM se / ataeva catuSpradezika skandha AtmA nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai| 13. deza AdiSTa hai asadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura (aneka) deza AdiSTa haiM asadbhAvaparyAyoM se ataeva catuSpradezika skandha prAtmA nahIM hai aura (aneka) avaktavya haiN| 14. (aneka) deza AdiSTa haiM asadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza / AdiSTa hai tadubhayaparyAyoM se / ataeva catuSpradezika skandha (aneka) AtmAe~ nahIM haiM aura avaktavya hai|

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110 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana 15. (aneka-2) deza AdiSTa haiM asadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura (aneka-2) deza AdiSTa haiM tadubhayaparyAyoM se| ataeva catuSpradezika skandha (aneka-2) AtmAe~ nahIM haiM aura (aneka 2) avaktavya haiM / (7) 16. deza AdiSTa hai sadbhAvaparyAyoM se deza AdiSTa hai asadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza AdiSTa hai tadubhayaparyAyoM se / ataeva catuSpradezika skandha AtmA hai, AtmA nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai| 17. deza AdiSTa hai sadbhAvaparyAyoM se deza AdiSTa hai asadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura (do) deza AdiSTa haiM tadubhayaparyAyoM se / ataeva catuSpradezika skandha AtmA hai, AtmA nahIM hai, aura (do) avaktavya haiN| 58. deza AdiSTa hai sadbhAvaparyAyoM se, (do) deza AdiSTa haiM asadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza AdiSTa hai tadubhayaparyAyoM se| ataeva catuSpradezika skandha AtmA hai, (do) AtmAe~ nahIM haiM aura avaktavya hai / 16. ( do ) deza AdiSTa haiM sadbhAvaparyAyoM se, deza AdiSTa hai asadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza AdiSTa hai tadubhaya paryAyoM se ataeva catuSpradezika skandha ( do ) AtmAe~ haiM, AtmA nahIM hai, aura avaktavya hai| isake bAda paMca pradezika skandha ke viSaya meM ve hI prazna haiM, aura bhagavAn kA apekSAoM ke sAtha 22 bhaMgoM meM uttara nimnalikhita hai (1) 1. paJcapradezika skandha AtmA ke Adeza se AtmA hai / (2)2. paJcapradezika skandha para ke Adeza se AtmA nahIM hai / ., (3) 3 paJcapradezika skandha tadubhaya ke Adeza se avaktavya hai| (4)4-6 catuSpradezika skandha ke samAna / 7. deza ( aneka-2 yA 3 ) AdiSTa haiM sadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza ( aneka 3 yA 2 ) AdiSTa haiM asadbhAvaparyAyoM se ataeva paMcapradezika skandha AtmAe (2 yA 3) haiM aura AtmAe (3 yA 2) nahIM haiN|

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bhaMga ke samAna ) (6) 12 - 14. catuSpradezika ke samAna ( 5 ) 8 - 10. catuSpradezika skandha ke samAna 11. catuSpradezika skandha ke samAna ( aneka kA artha prastuta 7 veM prameya-khaNDa 111 15. catuSpradezika skandha ke samAna ( aneka kA artha prastuta sAtaveM bhaMga ke samAna ) (7) 16. deza AdiSTa hai sadbhAvaparyAyoM se, deza AdiSTa hai asadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza AdiSTa hai tadubhayaparyAyoM se / ataeva paMcapradezika skandha AtmA hai, AtmA nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai / 17. deza AdiSTa hai sadbhAvaparyAyoM se, deza AdiSTa hai asadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura ( aneka ) deza AdiSTa hai tadubhayaparyAyoM se / ataeva paMcapradezika skandha AtmA hai, AtmA nahIM hai aura ( aneka ) avaktavya hai / 18. deza AdiSTa hai sadbhAvaparyAyoM se, ( aneka ) deza AdiSTa hai asadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza AdiSTa hai tadubhayaparyAyoM se / ataeva paMcapradezika skandha AtmA hai, ( aneka ) AtmAe~ nahIM haiM aura avaktavya haiM / 16. deza AdiSTa hai sadbhAvaparyAyoM se, (aneka - 2) deza AdiSTa haiM asadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura ( aneka - 2) deza AdiSTa haiM tadubhayaparyAyoM se ataeva paMcapradezika skandha AtmA hai, ( aneka - 2 ) AtmAe~ nahIM haiM aura ( aneka - 2 ) avaktavya haiM / 20. ( aneka ) deza AdiSTa haiM sadbhAvaparyAyoM se, deza AdiSTa hai asadbhAva paryAyoM se, aura deza AdiSTa hai tadubhayaparyAyoM se / ataeva paMcapradezika skandha AtmAe~ ( aneka ) haiM, AtmA nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai / 21. ( aneka - 2) deza AdiSTa haiM sadbhAvaparyAyoM se, deza AdiSTa hai asadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza ( aneka - 2 ) AdiSTa haiM tadubhayaparyAyoM

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112 prAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana se / ataeva paMcapradezika skaMdha ( aneka - 2 ) AtmAe~ haiM, AtmA nahIM hai aura avaktavya ( aneka - 2 ) haiM / 22. ( aneka 2) deza AdiSTa haiM sadbhAvaparyAyoM se, ( aneka 2 ) deza AdiSTa haiM asadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura deza AdiSTa hai tadubhayaparyAyoM se ataeva paMcapradezika skandha ( aneka - 2 ) AtmAe~ haiM, AtmAe~ ( aneka2) nahIM haiM, aura avaktavya hai / isI prakAra SaTpradezika skandha ke 23 bhaMga hote haiM / unameM se 22 to pUrvavat hI haiM, kintu 23 vA~ yaha hai 4 23. ( aneka - 2) deza AdiSTa haiM sadbhAvaparyAyoM se, (aneka-2 ) deza AdiSTa haiM asadbhAvaparyAyoM se aura ( aneka - 2) deza AdiSTa haiM tadubhayaparyAyoM se / ataeva SaT pradezika skandha ( aneka ) AtmAe~ haiM, AtmAe~ nahIM haiM, aura avaktavya haiM / bhagavatI - 12.10.466 isa sUtra ke adhyayana se hama nIce likhe pariNAmoM para pahuMcate haiM-- 1. vidhirUpa aura niSedharUpa inhIM donoM virodhI dharmoM kA svIkAra karane meM hI syAdvAda ke bhaMgoM kA utthAna hai / 2. do virodhI dharmoM ke AdhAra para vivakSA bheda se zeSa bhaMgoM kI racanA hotI hai / 3. maulika do bhaMgoM ke lie aura zeSa sabhI bhaMgoM ke lie apekSAkAraNa avazya cAhie / pratyeka bhaMga ke lie svatantra dRSTi yA apekSA kA honA Avazyaka hai / pratyeka bhaMga kA svIkAra kyoM kiyA jAtA hai, isa prazna kA spaSTIkaraNa jisase ho vaha apekSA hai, Adeza hai yA dRSTi hai yA naya hai / aise AdezoM ke viSaya meM bhagavAn kA mantavya kyA thA ? usakA vivecana Age kiyA jAegA / 84 prastuta meM aneka kA artha yathAyogya kara lenA cAhie /

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prameya-khaNDa 113 4. inhIM apekSAoM kI sUcanA ke lie pratyeka bhaMga-vAkya meM 'syAt' aisA pada rakhA jAtA hai| isI se yaha vAda syAdvAda kahalAtA hai / isa aura anya sUtra ke AdhAra se itanA nizcita hai ki jisa vAkya meM sAkSAt apekSA kA upAdAna ho vahA~ 'syAt' kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai| aura jahA~ apekSA kA sAkSAt upAdAna nahIM hai, vahA~ syAt kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ataeva apekSA kA dyotana karane ke lie 'syAt' pada kA prayoga karanA cAhie yaha mantavya isa sUtra se phalita hotA hai| 5. jaisA pahale batAyA hai syAdvAda ke bhaMgoM meM se prathama ke cAra bhaMga kI sAmagrI arthAt cAra virodhI pakSa to bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAmane the| unhIM pakSoM ke AdhAra para syAdvAda ke prathama cAra bhaMgoM kI yojanA bhagavAn ne kI hai| kintu zeSa bhaMgoM kI yojanA bhagavAn kI apanI hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai| zeSa-bhaMga prathama ke cAroM kA vividha rIti se sammelana hI hai| bhaMga-vidyA meM kuzala 5 bhagavAn ke lie aisI yojanA kara denA koI kaThina bAta nahIM kahI jA sktii| 6. avaktavya yaha bhaMga tIsarA hai| kucha jaina dArzanikoM ne isa bhaMga ko cauthA sthAna diyA hai| Agama meM avaktavya kA cau. sthAna nahIM hai| ataeva yaha vicAraNIya hai, ki avaktavya ko cauthA sthAna kaba se, kisa ne aura kyoM diyaa| 7. syAdvAda ke bhaMgoM meM sabhI virodhI dharmayugaloM ko lekara sAta hI bhaMga hone cAhie, na kama, na adhika, aisI jo jainadArzanikoM ne vyavasthA kI hai, vaha nirmUla nahIM hai| kyoMki tripradezika skandha aura usase adhika pradezika skandhoM ke bhaMgoM kI saMkhyA jo prastuta sUtra meM dI gaI hai, usase yahI mAlUma hotA hai ki mUla bhaMga sAta ve hI haiM, jo jainadArzanikoM ne apane saptabhaMgI ke vivecana meM svIkRta kiye haiN| jo adhika bhaMga saMkhyA sUtra meM nirdiSTa hai, vaha maulika bhaMgoM ke bheda ke kAraNa nahIM hai, kintu ekavacana-bahuvacana ke bheda kI vivakSA ke kAraNa hI hai / yadi vacanabhedakRta saMkhyAvRddhi ko nikAla diyA jAe to maulika bhaMga sAta 85 bhaMgoM kI yojanA kA kauzala dekhanA ho, to bhagavatI sUtra za0 6 u0 5 prAdi dekhanA caahie|

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114 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana hI raha jAte haiN| ataeva jo yaha kahA jAtA hai, ki Agama meM saptabhaMgI nahIM hai, vaha bhramamUlaka hai / 8. sakalAdeza-vikalAdeza kI kalpanA bhI Agamika saptabhaMgI meM vidyamAna hai / Agama ke anusAra prathama ke tIna sakalAdezI bhaMga haiM, jabaki zeSa vikalAdezI / bAda ke dArzanikoM meM isa viSaya ko lekara bhI matabheda ho gayA hai / aitihAsika dRSTi se gaveSaNIya to yaha hai, ki yaha matabheda kyoM aura kaba huA ? naya, Adeza yA dRSTiyA~ : saptabhaMgI ke viSaya meM itanA jAna lene ke bAda aba bhagavAn ne kina kina dRSTiyoM ke AdhAra para virodha parihAra karane kA prayatna kiyA, yA eka hI dharmI meM virodhI aneka dharmoM kA svIkAra kiyA, yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne yaha dekhA ki jitane bhI mata, pakSa yA darzana haiM, ve apanA eka vizeSa pakSa sthApita karate haiM aura vipakSa kA nirAsa karate haiM / bhagavAn ne una sabhI tatkAlIna dArzanikoM kI dRSTiyoM ko samajhane kA prayatna kiyaa| aura unako pratIta huA, ki nAnA manuSyoM ke vastudarzana meM jo bheda ho jAtA hai, usakA kAraNa kevala vastu kI anekarUpatA yA anekAntAtmakatA hI nahIM, balki nAnA manuSyoM ke dekhane ke prakAra kI anekatA yA nAnArUpatA bhI kAraNa hai / isIlie unhoMne sabhI matoM ko, darzanoM ko vastu rUpa ke darzana meM yogya sthAna diyA hai| kisI mata vizeSa kA sarvathA nirAsa nahIM kiyA hai / nirAsa yadi kiyA hai, to isa artha meM ki jo ekAnta Agraha kA viSa thA, apane hI pakSa ko, apane hI mata yA darzana ko satya, aura dUsaroM ke mata, darzana yA pakSa ko mithyA mAnane kA jo kadAgraha thA usakA nirAsa kara ke una matoM ko eka nayA rUpa diyA hai| pratyeka matavAdI kadAgrahI hokara dUsare ke mata ko mithyA batAte the, ve samanvaya na kara sakane ke kAraNa ekAntavAda meM hI phaMsate the| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne unhIM ke matoM ko svIkAra 6 prakalaMkagranthatraya TippaNI pR0 146 /

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prameya-khaNDa 115 karake unameM se kadAgraha kA viSa nikAlakara sabhI kA samanvaya karake anekAntavAdarUpI saMjIvanI mahauSadhi kA nirmANa kiyA hai| kadAgraha taba hI jA sakatA hai, jaba pratyeka mata kI sacAI kI kasauTI kI jAeM / matoM meM sacAI jisa kAraNa se AtI hai, usa kAraNa kI zodha karanA aura usa mata ke samarthana meM usa kAraNa ko batA denA, yahI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nayavAda, apekSAvAda yA AdezavAda kA rahasya hai / ataeva jaina AgamoM ke AdhAra para una nayoM kA, una AdezoM aura una apekSAoM kA saMkalana karanA Avazyaka hai, jinako lekara bhagavAn mahAvIra sabhI tatkAlIna darzanoM aura pakSoM kI sacAI taka pahu~ca sake aura jinakA Azraya lekara bAda ke jainAcAryoM ne anekAntavAda ke mahAprAsAda ko naye naye darzana aura pakSoM kI bhUmikA para pratiSThita kiyA / dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva : eka hI vastu ke viSaya meM jo nAnA matoM kI sRSTi hotI hai usameM draSTA kI ruci aura zakti, darzana kA sAdhana, dRzya kI daizika aura kAlika sthiti, draSTA kI daizika aura kAlika sthiti, dRzya kA sthUla aura sUkSma rUpa Adi aneka kAraNa haiM / ye hI kAraNa pratyeka draSTA aura dRzya meM pratyeka kSaNa meM vizeSAdhAyaka hokara nAnA matoM ke sarjana meM nimitta banate haiN| una kAraNoM kI vyaktiza: gaNanA karanA kaThina hai / ataeva tatkRta vizeSoM kA parigaNana bhI asaMbhava hai| isI kAraNa se vastutaH sUkSma vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa hone vAle nAnA matoM kA parigaNana bhI asaMbhava hai| jaba matoM kA hI parigaNana asaMbhava ho, to una matoM ke utthAna kI kAraNabhUta dRSTi yA apekSA yA naya kI parigaNanA to sutarAM asaMbhava hai| isa asaMbhava ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sabhI prakAra kI apekSAoM kA sAdhAraNIkaraNa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / aura madhyama mArga se sabhI prakAra kI apekSAoM kA vargIkaraNa cAra prakAra meM kiyA hai| ye cAra prakAra ye haiM-dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva / inhIM ke AdhAra para pratyeka vastu ke bhI cAra prakAra ho jAte haiN| arthAt draSTA ke pAsa cAra dRSTiyA~, apekSAe~, Adeza haiM, aura vaha

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116 Agamanyuma kA jaina- varzana inhIM ke AdhAra para vastudarzana karatA hai / abhiprAya yaha hai ki vastu kA jo kucha rUpa ho, vaha una cAra meM se kisI eka meM avazya samAviSTa ho jAtA hai aura draSTA jisa kisI dRSTi se vastudarzana karatA hai, usa kI vaha dRSTi bhI inhIM cAroM meM se kisI eka ke antargata ho jAtI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kaI prakAra ke virodhoM kA, inhIM cAra dRSTiyoM aura vastu ke cAra rUpoM ke AdhAra para, parihAra kiyA hai| jIva kI aura loka kI sAMtatA aura anantatA ke virodha kA parihAra inhIM cAra dRSTiyoM se jaise kiyA gayA hai, usakA varNana pUrva meM ho cukA hai / isI prakAra nityAnityatA ke virodha kA parihAra bhI unhIM se ho jAtA hai, vaha bhI usI prasaMga meM spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai| loka ke, paramANu ke aura pudgala ke cAra bheda inhIM dRSTiyoM ko lekara bhagavatI meM kie gae haiM / paramANu kI caramatA aura acaramatA ke virodha kA parihAra bhI inhIM dRSTiyoM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai" / / kabhI kabhI dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ina cAra dRSTiyoM ke sthAna meM adhika dRSTiyA~ bhI batAI gaI haiM kintu vizeSataH ina cAra se hI kAma liyA gayA hai / vastutaH cAra se adhika dRSTiyoM ko batAte samaya bhAva ke avAntara bhedoM ko hI bhAva se pRthak karake svatantra sthAna diyA hai, aisA adhika apekSA bhedoM ko dekhane se spaSTa hotA hai / ataeva madhyamamArga se ukta cAra hI dRSTiyA~ mAnanA nyAyocita hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dharmAstikAyaAdi dravyoM ko jaba - dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva aura guNa dRSTi se pAMca prakAra kA batAyA, " taba bhAvavizeSa guNadRSTi ko pRthak sthAna diyA hai, yaha spaSTa hai / kyoMki guNa vastutaH bhAva arthAt paryAya hI hai / isI prakAra bhagavAn ne jaba karaNa ke pAMca prakAra dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava, bhAva ke bheda se batAe taba vahA~ bhI prayojanavazAt 87 pu0 62 se 88 bhagavatI 2.1.60 / 5.8.220 / 11.10.420 / 14.4.513 / 20.4 / 89 bhagavatIsUtra 2.10 / 90 bhagavatIsUtra 16.6 /

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prameya-khaNDa 117 bhAvavizeSa bhava ko pRthak sthAna diyA hai, yaha spaSTa hai / isI prakAra jaba dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava, bhAva aura saMsthAna ina chaha dRSTiyoM se " tulyatA kA vicAra kiyA hai, taba vahA~ bhI bhAvavizeSa bhava aura saMsthAna ko svAtantrya diyA gayA hai / ataeva vastutaH madhyama mArga se cAra dRSTiyA~ hI pradhAna rUpa se bhagavAn ko abhimata haiM, yaha mAnanA upayukta hai / dravyArthika- paryAyArthika : ukta cAra dRSTiyoM kA bhI saMkSepa do nayoM meM, AdezoM meM yA dRSTiyoM meM kiyA gayA hai / ve haiM - dravyArthika" aura paryAyArthika arthAt bhAvArthika / vastutaH dekhA jAe, to kAla aura deza ke bheda se dravyoM meM vizeSatAe~ avazya hotI haiN| kisI bhI vizeSatA ko kAla yA deza-kSetra se mukta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / anya kAraNoM ke sAtha kAla aura deza bhI avazya sAdhAraNa kAraNa hote haiM / ataeva kAla aura kSetra, paryAyoM ke kAraNa hone se, yadi paryAyoM meM samAviSTa kara lie jAe~ taba to mUlata: do hI dRSTiyA~ raha jAtI haiM- dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika / ataeva AcArya siddhasena ne yaha spaSTa batAyA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pravacana meM vastutaH ye hI mUla do dRSTiyA~ haiM, aura zeSa sabhI dRSTiyA~ inhIM do kI zAkhA prazAkhAe~ haiM / 95 jaina AgamoM meM sAta mUla nayoM kI gaNanA kI gaI hai| una sAtoM ke mUla meM to ye do naya haiM hI, kintu 'jitane bhI vacana mArga ho sakate haiM, utane hI naya haiM, isa siddhasena ke kathana ko satya mAnakara yadi asaMkhya nayoM kI kalpanA kI jAe taba bhI una sabhI nayoM kA samAveza inhIM do nayoM meM ho jAtA hai yaha ina do dRSTioM kI vyApakatA hai / inhIM do dRSTiyoM ke prAdhAnya se bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jo upadeza diyA thA usakA saMkalana jainAgamoM meM milatA hai / dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika 91 bhagavatIsUtra 14.7 : 12 bhagavatI 7,2.273 / 14.4.512 / 18.10 / 93 sammati 1.3 / 94 anuyogadvAra sU0 156 sthAnAMga sU0 552 / 95 sanmati 3.47 /

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118 Agama-yuga kA jana-darzana ina do dRSTiyoMse bhagavAn mahAvIrakA kyA abhiprAya thA ? yaha bhI bhagavatI ke varNana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai / nAraka jIvoM kI zAzvatatA aura azAzvatatA kA pratipAdana karate hue bhagavAn ne kahA hai ki avyucchittinayArthatA kI apekSA vaha zAzvata hai, aura vyucchittinayArthatA kI apekSA se vaha azAzvata hai / isase spaSTa hai, ki vastu kI nityatA kA pratipAdana dravyadRSTi karatI hai aura anityatA kA pratipAdana paryAya dRSTi / arthAt dravya nitya hai aura paryAya anitya / isI se yaha bhI phalita ho jAtA hai ki dravyArthika dRSTi abhedagAmI hai aura paryAyArthika dRSTi bhedagAmI / kyoMki nitya meM abheda hotA hai aura anitya meM bheda / yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki dravyadRSTi ekatvagAmI hai aura paryAyadRSTi anekatvagAmI" kyoMki nitya ekarUpa hotA hai aura anitya vaisA nahIM / viccheda, kAlakRta, dezakRta aura vastukRta hotA hai, aura aviccheda bhI / kAlakRta vicchinna ko anitya, dezakRta vicchinna ko bhinna aura vastukRta vicchinna ko aneka kahA jAtA hai / kAla se avicchinna ko nitya deza se avicchinna ko abhinna aura vastukRta avicchinna ko eka kahA jAtA hai / isa prakAra dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika kA kSetra itanA vyApaka hai, ki usameM sabhI dRSTiyoM kA samAveza sahaja rIti se ho jAtA hai" / bhagavatI sUtra meM paryAyArthika ke sthAna meM bhAvArthika zabda bhI AtA hai" / jo sUcita karatA hai ki paryAya aura bhAva ekArthaka haiM / dravyAthika pradezArthika : jisa prakAra vastu ko dravya aura paryAya dRSTi se dekhA jAtA hai, usI prakAra dravya aura pradeza kI dRSTi se bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai - aisA bhagavAn mahAvIra kA mantavya hai / paryAya aura pradeza meM kyA antara hai ? 96 bhagavatI 7.2.276 // 97 bhagavatI 18.10 meM zrAtmA kI ekAnekatA ko ghaTanA batAI hai / vahA~ dravya aura paryAyanaya kA zrAzrayaraNa spaSTa hai / 98 bhagavatI 7.2.273 / 99 bhagavatI 158.10 / 25.3 / 25.4 /

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prameya-khaNDa 116 yaha vicAraNIya hai / eka hI dravya ko nAnA avasthAoM ko yA eka hI dravya ke dezakAla kRta nAnArUpoM ko paryAya kahA jAtA hai| jaba ki dravya ke ghaTaka arthAt avayava hI pradeza kahe jAte haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke matAnusAra kucha dravyoM ke pradeza niyata haiM aura kucha ke aniyata / sabhI deza aura sabhI kAla meM jIva ke pradeza niyata haiM, kabhI ve ghaTate bhI nahIM aura bar3hate bhI nahIM, utane hI rahate haiM / yahI bAta dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya aura AkAzAstikAya meM bhI lAgU hotI hai| kintu pudgala skaMdha (avayavI) ke pradezoM kA niyama nhiiN| unameM nyUnAdhikatA hotI rahatI hai| pradeza-aMza aura dravya-aMzI kA paraspara tAdAtmya hone se eka hI vastU dravya aura pradezaviSayaka bhinna-bhinna dRSTi se dekhI jA sakatI hai| isa prakAra dekhane para virodhI dharmoM kA samanvaya eka hI vastu meM ghaTa jAtA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane Apa meM dravyadRSTi, 'paryAyadRSTi, pradeza dRSTi aura guNadRSTi se nAnA virodhI dharmoM kA samanvaya batalAyA hai / aura kahA hai ki maiM eka hU~ dravya dRSTi se / do hU~ jJAna aura darzana rUpa do paryAyoM kI apekSA se / pradeza dRSTi se to maiM akSaya hU~, avyaya hU~, avasthita hU~ / jaba ki upayoga kI dRSTi se maiM asthira hU~, kyoMki aneka bhUta, vartamAna aura bhAvI pariNAmoM kI yogyatA rakhatA huuN| isase spaSTa hai ki prastuta meM unhoMne paryAyadRSTi ne bhinna eka pradeza dRSTi ko bhI mAnA hai| parantu prastuta sthala meM unhoMne pradeza dRSTi kA upayoga AtmA ke akSaya, avyaya aura avasthita dharmoM ke prakAzana meM kiyA hai| kyoMki pudgala-pradeza kI taraha Atma-pradeza vyayazIla, anavasthita aura kSayI nahIM / AtmapradezoM meM kabhI nyUnAdhikatA nahIM hotii| isI dRSTivindu ko sAmane rakhakara pradeza dRSTi se AtmA kA avyaya Adi rUpa se unhoMne varNana kiyA hai| pradezArthika dRSTi kA eka dUsarA bhI upayoga hai| dravyadRSTi se eka vastu meM ekatA hI hotI hai, kintu usI vastu kI anekatA pradezAthika dRSTi meM batAI jA sakatI hai / kyoMki pradezoM kI saMkhyA aneka hotI hai / 100 bhagavatI 18.10 /

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120 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana prajJApanA meM dravya-dRSTi se dharmAstikAyako eka batAyA hai, aura usI ko pradezArthika dRSTi se asaMkhyAtaguNa bhI batAyA gayA hai / tulyatA-atulyatA kA vicAra bhI pradezArthika aura dravyAthika kI sahAyatA se kiyA gayA hai / jo dravya dravyadRSTi se tulya hote haiM ve hI pradezArthika dRSTi se atulya ho jAte haiM / jaise dharma, adharma aura AkAza dravyadRSTi se eka eka hone se tulya haiM kintu pradezArthika dRSTi se dharma aura adharma hI asaMkhyAta pradezI hone se tulya haiM jaba ki AkAza anantapradezI hone se atulya ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra anya dravyoM meM bhI ina dravyapradeza dRSTi ke avalambana se tulyatA-atulyatArUpa virodhI dharmoM aura virodhI saMkhyAoM kA samanvaya bhI ho jAtA hai| oghAdeza-vidhAnAdeza tiryagsAmAnya aura usake vizeSoM ko vyakta karane ke liye jainazAstra meM kramazaH ogha aura vidhAna zabda prayukta hAe haiN| kisI vastu kA vicAra ina do dRSTioM se bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai / kRtayugmAdi saMkhyA kA vicAra oghAdeza aura vidhAnAdeza ina do dRSTioM se bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kiyA hai|02| usI se hameM yaha sUcanA mila jAtI hai ki ina do dRSTioM kA prayoga kaba karanA cAhie / sAmAnyata: yaha pratIta hotA hai ki vastu kI saMkhyA tathA bhedAbheda ke vicAra meM ina donoM dRSTioM kA upayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| vyAvahArika aura naizcayika naya / prAcIna kAla se dArzanikoM meM yaha saMgharSa calA AtA hai ki vastu kA kauna-sA rUpa satya hai-jo indriyagamya hai vaha yA indriyAtIta arthAt prajJAgamya hai vaha ? upaniSadA ke kucha RSi prajJAvAda kA AzrayaNa karake mAnate rahe ki AtmAdvaita hI parama tattva hai usake atirikta dRzyamAna saba zabdamAtra hai, vikAramAtra hai yA nAmamAtra hai103 101 prajJApanA-pada 3. sUtra 54-56 / bhagavato. 25.4 / 102 bhagavatI 25.4 / 403 Constructive survey of Upanishadic Philosophy p. 227. chAndogyopaniSad 6.1.4 /

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prameya-saNDa 121 usameM koI tathya nhiiN| kintu usa samaya bhI sabhI RSiyoM kA yaha mata nahIM thaa| cArvAka yA bhautikavAdI to indriyagamya vastu ko hI paramatattvarUpa se sthApita karate rahe / isa prakAra prajJA yA indriya ke prAdhAnya ko lekara dArzanikoM meM virodha cala rahA thaa| isI virodha kA samanvaya bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vyAvahArika aura naizcayika nayoM kI parikalpanA kara ke kiyA hai| apane-apane kSetra meM ye donoM naya satya haiM / vyAvahArika sabhI mithyA hI hai yA naizcayika ho satya hai, aisA bhagavAn ko mAnya nahIM hai / bhagavAn kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki vyavahAra meM loka indriyoM ke darzana kI pradhAnatA se vastu ke sthUla rUpa kA nirNaya karate haiM, aura apanA nirbAdha vyavahAra calAte haiM ataeva vaha laukika naya hai| para sthUla rUpa ke alAvA vastu kA sUkSmarUpa bhI hotA hai, jo indriyagamya na hokara kevala prajJAgamya hai / yahI prajJAmArga naizcayika naya hai| ina donoM nayoM ke dvArA hI vastu kA sampUrNa darzana hotA hai| gautama ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA, ki bhante ? phANita--pravAhI gur3a meM kitane varNa gandha rasa aura sparza hote haiM ? isake uttara meM unhoMne kahA ki gautama ! maiM isa prazna kA uttara do nayoM se detA ha~--vyAvahArikanaya kI apekSA se to vaha madhura kahA jAtA hai / para naizcayika naya se vaha pA~ca varNa, do gandha, pA~ca rasa aura ATha sparzoM se yukta hai / bhramara ke viSaya meM bhI unakA kathana hai, ki vyAvahArika dRSTi se bhramara kRSNa hai, para vaizcayika dRSTi se usameM pA~coM varNa, donoM gandha, pA~coM rasa aura AThoM sparza hote haiM / isI prakAra unhoMne ukta prasaMga meM aneka viSayoM ko lekara vyavahAra aura nizcaya naya se unakA vizleSaNa kiyA hai / 104 / Age ke jainAcAryoM ne vyavahAra-nizcaya naya kA tattvajJAna ke aneka vipayoM meM prayoga kiyA hai, itanA hI nahIM, balki tattvajJAna ke atirikta AcAra ke aneka viSayoM meM bhI ina nayoM kA upayoga kara ke virodha-parihAra kiyA hai| jaba taka ukta sabhI prakAra ke nayoM ko na samajhA jAe taba taka anekAntavAda kA samarthana honA kaThina hai| ataeva bhagavAn ne apane 104 bhagavatI 18.6 /

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Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana mantavyoM ke samarthana meM nAnA nayoM kA prayoga karake ziSyoM ko anekAntavAda hRdayaMgama karA diyA / ye hI naya anekAntavAdarUpI mahAprAsAda kI AdhAra - zilA haiM, yaha kahA jAe to anucita na hogA / 122 nAma - sthApanA- dravya evaM bhAva : jaina sUtroM kI vyAkhyA - vidhi anuyogadvAra - sUtra meM batAI gaI hai / yaha vidhi kitanI prAcIna hai, isake viSaya meM nizcita kucha kahA nahIM jA sakatA / kintu anuyogadvAra ke parizIlanakartA ko itanA to spaSTa ho hI jAtA hai ki vyAkhyA - vidhi kA anuyogadvAragatarUpa sthira hone meM paryApta samaya vyatIta huA hogA / yaha vidhi svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dena hai yA pUrvavartI ? isa viSaya meM itanA hI nizcaya rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki pUrvavartI na ho taba bhI unake samaya meM usa vidhi kA eka nizcita rUpa bana gayA thA / anuyoga yA vyAkhyA ke dvAroM ke varNana meM nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva ina cAra nikSepoM kA varNana AtA hai / yadyapi nayoM kI taraha nikSepa bhI aneka haiM, tathApi adhikAMza meM ukta cAra nikSepoM ko hI prAdhAnya diyA gayA hai " jattha ya jaM jANejjA nikkhevaM nikkhive niravasesaM / jattha vi ya na jANijjA caukkaM nikkhive tattha / / " anuyogadvAra ataeva inhIM cAra nikSepoM kA upadeza bhagavAn mahAvIra ne diyA hogA, yaha pratIta hotA hai / anuyogadvAra - sUtra meM to nikSepoM ke viSaya meM paryApta vivecana hai, kintu vaha gaNadharakRta nahIM samajhA jAtA / gaNadharakRta aMgoM meM se sthAnAMga- sUtra meM 'sarva' ke jo prakAra ginAe haiM, ve sUcita karate haiM ki nikSepoM kA upadeza svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne diyA hogA " cattAri savvA pattA - nAmasavvae ThavaNasavvae zrAesasavvae niravasesa savvae " sthAnAMga 266 prastuta sUtra meM sarva ke nikSepa batAe gae haiM / unameM nAma aura sthApanA nikSepoM ko to zabdataH tathA dravya aura bhAva ko arthata: batAyA hai / dravya kA artha upacAra yA apradhAna hotA hai, aura Adeza kA artha

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123 1704 bhI vahI hai / ataeva 'dravyasarva' na kaha karake 'Adeza sarva' kahA | sarva zabda kA tAtparyArtha niravazeSa hai / bhAvanikSepa tAtparyagrAhI hai / ataeva 'bhAva sarva' kahane ke bajAya 'niravazeSa sarva' kahA gayA hai / anaeva nikSepoM ne bhagavAn ke maulika upadezoM meM sthAna pAyA hai, yaha kahA jA sakatA hai / zabda vyavahAra to hama karate haiM, kyoMki isake binA hamArA kAma calatA nahIM / kintu kabhI aisA ho jAtA hai ki inhIM zabdoM ke ThIka artha ko - vaktA ke vivakSita artha ko na samajhane se bar3A anartha ho jAtA hai / isI anartha kA nivAraNa nikSepa-vidyA ke dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kiyA hai / nikSepa kA artha hai- arthanirUpaNa paddhati / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne zabdoM ke prayogoM ko cAra prakAra ke arthoM meM vibhakta kara diyA hainAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva / pratyeka zabda kA vyutpattisiddha eka artha hotA hai, kintu vaktA sadA usI vyutpattisiddha artha kI vivakSA karatA hI hai, yaha bAta vyavahAra meM dekhI nahIM jAtI / indrazabda kA vyutpattisiddha artha kucha bhI ho, kintu yadi usa artha kI upekSA karake jisa kisI vastu meM saMketa kiyA jAe ki yaha indra hai to vahA~ indra zabda kA prayoga kisI vyutpattisiddha artha ke bodha ke lie nahIM kintu nAmamAtra kA nirdeza karane ke lie huA hai / ataeva vahA~ indra zabda kA artha nAma indra hai / yaha nAma nikSepa hai / indra kI mUrti ko jo indra kahA jAtA hai, vahA~ kevala nAma nahIM, kintu vaha mUrti indra kA pratinidhitva karatI hai aisA hI bhAva vaktA ko vivakSita hai / ataeva vaha sthApanA indra hai / yaha dUsarA sthApanA nikSepa hai / ina donoM nikSepoM meM zabda ke vyutpattisiddha 103 dr w bhadrabAhu, jinabhadra aura yativRSabha ke ullekhoM se yaha bhI pratIta hotA hai ki nikSepoM meM 'Adeza' yaha eka dravya se svatantra nikSepa bhI thA / yadi sUtrakAra ko vahI abhipreta ho, to prastuta sUtra meM dravya nikSepa ullikhita nahIM hai, yaha samajhanA cAhie / jayadhavalA pR0 283 / 103 "yadvastuno'bhidhAnaM sthitamanyArthe tadarthanirapekSaM / paryAyAnabhidheyaM ca nAma yAdRcchika ca tathA ||" anu0 TI0 pR0 11 107 "yatta tadarthaviyukta tadabhiprAyeNa yacca tatkaraNi / lepyAdikarma tat sthApaneti kriyatetpakAlaM ca ||" anu0 TI0 12 / prameya-khaNDa

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124 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana artha kI upekSA kI gaI hai, yaha spaSTa hai / dravya nikSepa kA viSaya dravya hotA hai arthAt bhUta aura bhAvi-paryAyoM meM jo anuyAyI dravya hai usI kI vivakSA se jo vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai, vaha dravya nikSepa hai| jaise koI jIva indra hokara manuSya huA yA marakara manuSya se indra hogA taba vartamAna manuSya avasthA ko indra kahanA yaha dravya indra hai| indrabhAvApanna jo jIva dravya thA vahI abhI manuSyarUpa hai ataeva use manuSya na kaha karake indra kahA gayA hai| yA bhaviSya meM indrabhAvApatti ke yogya bhI yahI manuSya hai, aisA samajha kara bhI use indra kahanA yaha dravya nikSepa hai / vacana vyavahAra meM jo hama kArya meM kAraNa kA yA kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karake jo aupacArika prayoga karate haiM, ve sabhI dravyAntargata haiM / 108 vyutpattisiddha artha usa zabda kA bhAva nikSepa hai| paramaizvarya saMpanna jIva bhAva indra hai arthAt yathArtha indra hai / 109 vastutaH jude-jude zabda vyavahAroM ke kAraNa jo virodhI artha upasthita hote haiM, una sabhI arthoM ko vivakSA ko samajhanA aura apane iSTa artha kA bodha karanA-karAnA, isIke lie hI bhagavAna ne nikSepoM kI yojanA kI hai yaha spaSTa hai / jainadArzanikoM ne isa nikSepatattva ko bhI nayoM kI taraha vikasita kiyA hai| aura ina nikSepoM ke sahAre zabdAdvaitavAda Adi virodhI vAdoM kA samanvaya karane kA prayatna bhI kiyA hai / 108 "bhUtasya bhAvino kA bhAvasya hi kAraNaM tu yalloke / tat dravyaM tatvajJaH sacetanAcetanaM kathitam // anu0 TI0 pR0 14 / 109 "bhAvo vivakSitakriyA'nubhUtiyukto hi vai samAlyAtaH / sarvanaM rindrAdivadihendanAvikriyAnubhavAt // " anu0 TI0 pR0 28 /

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pramANa khaNDa

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tIna jJAna carcA kI jainadRSTi : jaina AgamoM meM advaitavAdiyoM kI taraha jagat ko vastu aura avastu -- mAyA meM to vibhakta nahIM kiyA hai, kintu saMsAra kI pratyeka vastu meM svabhAva aura vibhAva sannihita hai, yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai / vastu kA parAnapekSa jo rUpa hai, vaha svabhAva hai, jaise AtmA kA caitanya, jJAna, sukha Adi, aura pudgala kI jar3atA / kisI bhI kAla meM AtmA jJAna yA cetanA rahita nahIM aura pudgala meM jar3atA bhI trikAlAbAdhita hai / vastu kA jo parasApekSarUpa hai, vaha vibhAva hai, jaise AtmA kA manuSyatva, devatva Adi aura pudgala kA zarIrarUpa pariNAma / manuSya ko hama na to korA AtmA hI kaha sakate haiM aura na korA pudgala hI / isI taraha zarIra bhI kevala pudgalarUpa nahIM kahA jA sakatA / AtmA kA manuSyarUpa honA parasApekSa hai aura pudgala kA zarIrarUpa honA bhI parasApekSa hai / ataH AtmA kA manuSyarUpa aura pudgala kA zarIrarUpa ye donoM kramaza AtmA aura pudgala ke vibhAva haiM / svabhAva hI satya hai aura vibhAva mithyA hai, jainoM ne kabhI yaha pratipAdita nahIM kiyaa| kyoMki unake mata meM trikAlAbAdhita vastu hI satya hai, aisA ekAnta nahIM / pratyeka vastu cAhe vaha apane svabhAva meM hI sthita ho, yA vibhAva meM sthita ho satya hai / hA~, tadviSayaka hamArA jJAna mithyA ho sakatA hai, lekina vaha bhI taba, jaba hama svabhAva ko vibhAva samajheM yA vibhAva ko svabhAva / tat meM atat kA jJAna hone para hI jJAna meM mithyAtva kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai / vijJAnavAdI bauddhoM ne pratyakSa jJAna ko vastugrAhaka aura sAkSAtkArAtmaka tathA itara jJAnoM ko avastugrAhaka, bhrAmaka, aspaSTa aura asAkSAtkArAtmaka mAnA hai / jainAgamoM meM indriyanirapekSa evaM kevala AtmasApekSa jJAna ko hI sAkSAtkArAtmakaM pratyakSa kahA gayA hai, aura

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128 Agama-yuga kA jana-darzana indriyasApekSa jJAnoM ko asAkSAtkArAtmaka aura parokSa mAnA gayA hai / jainadRSTi se pratyakSa hI vastu ke svabhAva aura vibhAva kA sAkSAtkAra kara sakatA hai, aura vastu kA vibhAva se pRthak jo svabhAva hai, usakA spaSTa patA lagA sakatA hai / indriyasApekSa jJAna meM yaha kabhI saMbhava nahIM, ki vaha kisI vastu kA sAkSAtkAra kara sake aura kisI vastu ke svabhAva ko vibhAva se pRthak kara usako spaSTa jAna sake, lekina isakA matalaba jaina matAnusAra yaha kabhI nahIM, ki indriyasApekSa jJAna bhrama hai / vijJAnavAdI bauddhoM ne to parokSa jJAnoM ko avastugrAhaka hone se bhrama hI kahA hai, kintu jainAcAryoM ne vaisA nahIM maanaa| kyoMki unake mata meM vibhAva bhI vastu kA pariNAma hai / ataeva vaha bhI vastu kA eka rUpa hai / ataH usakA grAhakajJAna bhrama nahIM kahA jA sakatA / vaha aspaSTa ho sakatA haiM, sAkSAtkArarUpa na bhI ho, taba bhI vastu - sparzI to hai hI / bhagavAn mahAvIra se lekara upAdhyAya yazovijaya taka ke sAhitya ko dekhane se yahI patA lagatA hai, ki jainoM kI jJAna carcA meM uparyukta mukhya siddhAnta kI kabhI upekSA nahIM kI gaI, balki yoM kahanA cAhie ki jJAna kI jo kucha carcA huI hai, vaha usI madhyabindu ke AsapAsa hI huI hai / uparyukta siddhAnta kA pratipAdana prAcIna kAla ke AgamoM se lekara aba taka ke jaina- sAhitya meM avicchinna rUpa se hotA calA AyA hai / Agama meM jJAnacarcA ke vikAsa kI bhUmikAe~ : paJca jJAnacarcA jaina paraMparA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra se bhI pahale hotI thI, isakA pramANa rAjapraznIya sUtra meM hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kezIkumAra zramaNa kA vRttAnta rAjakezIkumAra ke mukha se nimna vAkya apane mukha se atIta meM hone vAle praznIya meM kahA hai / zAstrakAra ne kahalavAyA hai " evaM khu paesI mhaM samaNANaM niggaMthANaM paMcavihe nANe paNNatte - taMjahA zrAbhiNi bohiyanANe suyanANe prohiNANe maNapajjavaNANe kevalaNANe ( sU0 165 ) isa vAkya se spaSTa phalita yaha hotA hai ki kama se kama ukta

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126 Agama ke saMkalanakartA ke mata se bhagavAn mahAvIra se pahale bhI zramaNoM meM pAMca jJAnoM kI mAnyatA thI / unakI yaha mAnyatA nirmUla bhI nahIM / uttarAdhyayana ke 23 veM adhyayana se spaSTa hai, ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne AcAra - viSayaka kucha saMzodhanoM ke atirikta pArzvanAtha ke tattvajJAna meM vizeSa saMzodhana nahIM kiyA / yadi bhagavAn mahAvIra ne tattvajJAna meM bhI kucha nayI kalpanAe~ kI hotIM, to unakA nirUpaNa bhI uttarAdhyayana meM Avazyaka hI hotA / AgamoM meM pAMca jJAnoM ke bhedopabhedoM kA jo varNana hai, karmazAstra meM jJAnAvaraNIya ke jo bhedopabhedoM kA varNana hai, jIvamArgaNAoM meM pAMca jJAnoM kI jo ghaTanA varNita hai, tathA pUrvagata meM jJAnoM kA svatantra nirUpaNa karane vAlA jo jJAnapravAda - pUrvaM hai, ina sabase yahI phalita hotA hai ki paMca- jJAna kI carcA yaha bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nayI nahIM zurU kI hai, kintu pUrva paraMparA se jo calI AtI thI, usako hI svIkAra kara use Age bar3hAyA hai / pramANa - khaNDa isa jJAna carcA ke vikAsakrama ko Agama ke hI AdhAra para dekhanA ho, to unakI tIna bhUmikAe~ hameM spaSTa dIkhatI haiM 1. prathama bhUmikA to vaha hai, jisameM jJAnoM ko pAMca bhedoM meM hI vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / 2. dvitIya bhUmikA meM jJAnoM ko pratyakSa aura parokSa aise do bhedoM meM vibhakta karake pAMca jJAnoM meM se mati aura zruta ko parokSAntargata aura zeSa avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevala ko pratyakSa meM antargata kiyA gayA hai / isa bhUmikA meM lokAnusaraNa karake indriyajanya pratyakSa ko arthAt indriyaja-mati ko pratyakSa meM sthAna nahIM diyA hai, kintu jaina siddhAMta ke anusAra jo jJAna AtmamAtrasApekSa haiM, unheM hI pratyakSa meM sthAna diyA gayA hai / aura jo jJAna AtmA ke atirikta anya sAdhanoM kI bhI apekSA rakhate haiM, unakA samAveza parokSa meM kiyA gayA hai / yahI kAraNa hai, ki indriyajanya jJAna jise jainetara sabhI dArzanikoM ne pratyakSa kahA hai, pratyakSAntargata nahIM mAnA gayA hai /

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130 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana ... 3. tRtIya bhUmikA meM indriyajanya jJAnoM ko pratyakSa aura parokSa ubhaya meM sthAna diyA gayA hai / isa bhUmikA meM lokAnusaraNa spaSTa hai / 1. prathama bhUmikA ke anusAra jJAna kA varNana hameM bhagavatI-sUtra meM (88.2.317) milatA hai| usake anusAra jJAnoM ko nimna sUcita nakaze ke anusAra vibhakta kiyA gayA hai-- jJAna 1 Abhinibodhika 2 zruta 3 avadhi 4 manaHparyaya 5 kevala 1 avagraha 2 IhA 3 avAya 4 dhAraNA sUtrakAra ne Age kA varNana rAjapraznIya se pUrNa kara lene kI sUcanA dI hai, aura rAjapraznIya ko (sUtra 165) dekhane para mAlUma hotA hai, ki usameM pUrvokta nakaze meM sUcita kathana ke alAvA avagraha ke do bhedoM kA kathana karake zeSa kI pUrti nandIsUtra se kara lene kI sUcanA dI hai / sAra yahI hai ki zeSa varNana nandI ke anusAra hote hue bhI antara yaha hai ki isa bhUmikA meM nandIsUtra ke prAraMbha meM kathita pratyakSa aura parokSa bhedoM kA jikra nahIM hai / aura dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki nandI kI taraha isameM Abhinibodha ke zrutaniHsRta aura azrutaniHsRta aise do bhedoM ko bhI sthAna nahIM hai / isI se kahA jA sakatA hai, ki yaha varNana prAcIna bhUmikA kA hai| 2. sthAnAMga-gata jJAna-carcA dvitIyabhUmikA kI pratinidhi hai| usameM jJAna ko pratyakSa aura parokSa aise do bhedoM meM vibhakta karake unhIM do meM paMca jJAnoM kI yojanA kI gaI hai isa nakaze meM yaha spaSTa hai ki jJAna ke mukhya do bheda kie gae haiM, pAMca nhiiN| pAMca jJAnoM ko to una do bheda-pratyakSa aura parokSa ke prabheda rUpa se ginA hai / yaha spaSTa hI prAthamika bhUmikA kA vikAsa hai /

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1 pratyakSa 1 kevala 1 avadhi 1 bhavapratyayika 1 Rjumati 2 nokevala jJAna (sUtra 71 ) T 2 kSAyopazamika I 2 mana:paryaya 1 zrutaniHsRta 2 azrutaniHsRta pramANana0 2.20 1 1 Abhinibodhika pramAraNa-khaNDa 1 arthAvagraha vyaJjanAvagraha 2 vipulamati 1 arthAvagraha 1 aMgapraviSTa 12 2 vyaJjanAvagraha 131 2 parokSa 2 zrutajJAna 2 aMgabAhya I 1 Avazyaka 2 Avazyakavyatirikta 1 kAlika isI bhUmikA ke AdhAra para umAsvAti ne bhI pramANoM ko pratyakSa aura parokSa meM vibhakta karake unhIM do meM paMca jJAnoM kA samAveza kiyA hai / bAda meM hone vAle jainatArkikoM ne pratyakSa ke do bheda batAe haiMvikala aura sakala' / kevala kA artha hotA hai sarva--sakala aura no kevala kA artha hotA hai, asarva - vikala / ataeva tArkikoM ke ukta vargIkaraNa kA mUla sthAnAMga jitanA to purAnA mAnanA hI cAhie / 1 2 utkAlika

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132 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana yahA~ para eka bAta aura bhI dhyAna dene ke yogya hai / sthAnAMga meM zrutaniHsRta ke bhedarUpa se vyaJjanAvagraha aura arthAvagraha ye do batAye haiM / vastuta: vahA~ isa prakAra kahanA prApta thA-- zrutaniHsRta 1 avagraha 2 IhA 3 avAya 4 dhAraNA 1 vyaMjanAvagraha 2 arthAvagraha kintu sthAnAMga meM dvitIya sthAnaka kA prakaraNa hone se do-do bAteM ginAnA cAhie aisA samajhakara avagraha, IhA Adi cAra bhedoM ko chor3akara sIdhe avagraha ke do bheda hI ginAye gaye haiN| eka dUsarI bAta kI ora bhI dhyAna denA jarUrI hai / azrutani:sRta ke bhedarUpa se bhI vyaJjanAvagraha aura arthAvagraha ko ginA hai, kintu vahA~ TIkAkAra ke mata se yaha cAhie azrutaniHsRta indriyajanya anindriyajanya 1 avagraha 2 IhA 3 avAya 4. dhAraNA 1 autpattikI 2 vainayikI 3 karmajA 4 pAriNAmikI 1 vyaMjanAvagraha 2 arthAvagraha autpattikI Adi cAra buddhiyA~ mAnasa hone se unameM vyaMjanAvagraha kA saMbhava nahIM / ataeva mUlakAra kA kathana indriyajanya azrutaniH

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pramANa-kANDa sRta kI apekSA se dvitIya sthAnaka ke anukUla huA hai, yaha TIkAkAra kA spaSTIkaraNa hai / kintu yahA~ prazna hai ki kyA azrutaniHsRta meM autpattikI Adi ke atirikta indriyajajJAnoM kA samAveza sAdhAra hai ? aura yaha bhI prazna hai ki Abhinibodhika ke zrutaniHsRta aura azrutaniHsRta ye bheda kyA prAcIna haiM ? yAnI kyA aisA bheda prathama bhUmikA ke samaya hotA thA ? 133 nandI - sUtra jo ki mAtra jJAna kI hI vistRta carcA karane ke lie banA hai, usameM zrutaniHsRtamati ke hI avagraha Adi cAra bheda haiM / aura azrutaniHsRta ke bhedarUpa se cAra buddhiyoM ko ginA diyA gayA hai / usameM indriyaja azrutaniHsRta ko koI sthAna nahIM hai / ataeva TIkAkAra kA spaSTIkaraNa ki azrutaniHsRta ke ve do bheda indriyaja azrutaniHsRta kI apekSA se samajhanA cAhie, nandI sUtrAnukUla nahIM kintu kalpita hai / matijJAna ke zrutaniHsRta aura azrutaniHsRta aise do bheda bhI prAcIna nahIM / digambarIya vAGmaya meM mati ke aise do bheda karane kI prathA nahIM / Avazyaka niryukti ke jJAnavarNana meM bhI mati ke una donoM bhedoM ne sthAna nahIM pAyA hai / AcArya umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra meM bhI una donoM bhedoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / yadyapi svayaM nandIkAra ne nandI meM mati ke zrutaniHsRta aura azrutaniHsRta ye do bheda to kie haiM, tathApi matijJAna ko purAnI paramparA ke anusAra aThAIsa bhedavAlA hI kahA hai usase bhI yahI sUcita hotA hai, ki autpattikI Adi buddhiyoM kA mati meM samAviSTa karane ke lie hI unhoMne mati ke do bheda to kie para prAcIna paraMparA meM mati meM unakA sthAna na hone se nandIkAra ne use 28 bhedabhinna hI kahA / anyathA una cAra buddhiyoM ko milAne se to vaha 32 bheda bhinna hI ho jAtA hai / 2 " evaM praTThAvIsaha vihassa prAbhiNibohiyanANassa" ityAdi nandI0 35 / 3 sthAnAMga meM ye do meda milate haiN| kintu vaha nandIprabhAvita ho to koI Azcarya nahIM /

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134 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana 3. tRtIya bhUmikA nandI sUtra-gata jJAnacarcA meM vyakta hotI haivaha isa prakAra jJAna 1 Abhinibodhika 2 zruta 3 avadhi 4 manaHparyaya 5 kevala 1 pratyakSa 2 parokSa 1 indriyapratyakSa 2 noindriyapratyakSa 1 Abhinibodhika 2 zruta 1 zrotrendriyapra0 1 avadhi 2 cakSurindriyapra0 2 manaHparyaya 3 ghrANendriyapra0 3 kevala 4 jihvendriyapra0 5 sparzendriyapra0 1 zrutaniHsRta 2 azrutaniHsRta / / / / 1 avagraha IhA 3 avAya 4 dhAraNA 2 vainayikI / 4 pAriNAmikI . 1 autpattikI 3 karmajA 1 vyaJjanAvagraha 2 arthAvagraha 4 aMkita nakaze ko dekhane se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki sarvaprathama isameM jJAnoM ko pAMca bheda meM vibhakta karake saMkSepa se unhIM ko pratyakSa aura parokSa aise do bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| sthAnAMga se vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM indriyajanya pAMca matijJAnoM kA sthAna pratyakSa aura parokSa ubhaya meM hai / kyoMki jainetara sabhI darzanoM ne indriyajanya jJAnoM ko parokSa nahIM, kintu pratyakSa mAnA hai, unako pratyakSa meM sthAna dekara usa laukika mata kA samanvaya karanA bhI nandIkAra ko abhipreta. thaa| AcArya jinabhadra ne isa samanvaya ko lakSya meM rakhakara hI spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai ki

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135 vastutaH indriyaja pratyakSa ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahanA cAhie / arthAt lokavyavahAra ke anurodha se hI indriyaja mati ko pratyakSa kahA gayA hai / vastutaH vaha parokSa hI hai / kyoMki pratyakSa - koTi meM paramArthataH AtmamAtra sApekSa aise avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevala ye tIna hI haiM / ataH isa bhUmikA meM jJAnoM kA pratyakSa-parokSatva vyavahAra isa prakAra sthira huA1. avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevala pAramArthika pratyakSa haiM / 2. zruta parokSa hI hai / 3. indriyajanya matijJAna pAramArthika dRSTi se parokSa hai aura vyAvahArika dRSTi se pratyakSa hai / 4. manojanya matijJAna parokSa hI hai / AcArya akalaMka ne tathA tadanusArI anya jainAcAryoM ne pratyakSa ke sAMvyAvahArika aura pAramArthika aise jo do bheda kie haiM so unakI nayI sUjha nahIM hai / kintu usakA mUla nandIsUtra aura usake jinabhadrakRta spaSTIkaraNa meM hai | jJAna carcA kA pramANa carcA se svAtantrya paMca jJAnacarcA ke kramika vikAsa kI ukta tInoM Agamika bhUmikA kI eka khAsa vizeSatA yaha rahI hai ki inameM jJAna carcA ke sAtha itara darzanoM meM prasiddha pramANacarcA kA koI sambandha yA samanvaya sthApita nahIM kiyA gayA hai / ina jJAnoM meM hI samyaktva aura mithyAtva ke bheda ke dvArA jainAgamikoM ne vahI prayojana siddha kiyA hai jo dUsaroM ne pramANa aura apramANa ke vibhAga ke dvArA siddha kiyA hai / arthAt AgamikoM ne pramANa yA apramANa aise vizeSaNa binA die hI prathama ke tInoM meM ajJAnaviparyaya - mithyAtva kI tathA samyaktva kI saMbhAvanA mAnI hai. aura antima do meM ekAnta samyaktva hI batalAyA hai / isa prakAra jJAnoM ko pramANa yA apramANa na kaha karake bhI una vizeSaNoM kA prayojana to dUsarI taraha se niSpanna kara hI diyA hai / 8 pramANa - khaNDa "eganteNa paroktaM liMgiyamohAiyaM ca paccakkhaM / indiyamaNobhavaM jaM taM saMvavahArapaJcavakhaM / " vizeSA0 65 zraura isakI svopajJavRtti / 1

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Agama-yuga kA jana-darzana jaina Agamika AcArya pramANApramANacarcA, jo dUsare dArzanikoM se calatI thI, usase sarvathA anabhijJa to the hI nahIM kintu ve usa carcA ko apanI maulika aura svatantra aisI jJAnacarcA se pRthak hI rakhate the / jaba AgamoM meM jJAna kA varNana AtA hai, taba pramANoM yA apramANoM se una jJAnoM kA kyA sambandha hai use batAne kA prayatna nahIM kiyA hai / aura jaba pramANoM kI carcA AtI hai taba, kisI pramANa ko jJAna kahate hue bhI Agama prasiddha pA~ca jJAnoM kA samAveza aura samanvaya usameM kisa prakAra hai, yaha bhI nahIM batAyA hai isase phalita yahI hotA hai ki AgamikoM ne jainazAstraprasiddha jJAnacarcA aura darzanAntara prasiddha pramANacarcA kA samanvaya karane kA prayatna nahIM kiyA-- donoM carcA kA pArthakya hI rakhA / Age ke vaktavya se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAegI / jaina AgamoM meM pramANa - carcA : pramANa ke bheda - jaina AgamoM meM pramANacarcA jJAnacarcA se svatantra rUpa se AtI hai / prAyaH yaha dekhA gayA hai ki AgamoM meM pramANacarcA ke prasaMga meM naiyAyikAdisaMmata cAra pramANoM kA ullekha AtA hai / kahIM-kahIM tIna pramANoM kA bhI ullekha hai / 136 bhagavatI sUtra ( 5.3.161 - 162 ) meM gautama gaNadhara aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMvAda meM gautama ne bhagavAn se pUchA ki jaise kevala jJAnI aMtakara yA aMtima zarIrI ko jAnate haiM, vaise hI kyA chadmastha bhI jAnate haiM ? isake uttara meM bhagavAn ne kahA hai ki "goyamA No tiTThe samaTTha e / soccA jANati pAsati pamANato vA / seki taM soccA ? kevalissa thA kevalisAvayassa vA kevalitAviyAe vA kevaliuvAsagassa vA kevala vAsiyAe vA se taM soccA / se ki taM pamANaM ? pamANe cauvvihe paNNattetaM jahA pacacakle zraNumANe provamme prAgame jahA aNuyogaddAre tahA NeyabvaM pamANaM" bhagavatI sUtra 5.3.191-112 / prastuta meM spaSTa hai, ki pAMca jJAnoM ke AdhAra para uttara na dekara dRSTi se uttara diyA gayA hai / 'soccA' pada se to vikalpa se anya jJAnoM ko lekara ke uttara mukhya rUpa se pramANa kI zrutajJAna ko liyA jAe

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137 diyA jA sakatA thA / kintu aisA na karake para darzana meM prasiddha pramANoM kA Azraya lekara ke uttara diyA gayA hai| yaha sUcita karatA hai ki jainetaroM meM prasiddha pramANoM se zAstrakAra anabhijJa nahIM the aura ve svasaMmata jJAnoM kI taraha pramANoM ko bhI jJapti meM svatantra sAdhana mAnate the / sthAnAMgasUtra meM pramANa zabda ke sthAna meM hetu zabda kA prayoga bhI milatA hai / jJapti ke sAdhanabhUta hone se pratyakSAdi ko hetu zabda se vyavahRta karane meM aucityabhaMga bhI nahIM hai / pramANa- khaNDa " zrahavA heU cauvvihe paNNatta e, taMjahA pacacavakhe zraNumANe zravamme zrAgame / " sthAnAMgasU0 338 / caraka meM bhI pramANoM kA nirdeza hetu zabda se huA hai "atha hetuH - heturnAma upalabdhikAraNaM tat pratyakSamanumAnamaitihya maupamyamiti / ebhirhetubhiryadupalabhyate tat tattvamiti / " caraka0 vimAnasthAna pra0 8 sU0 33 / upAyahRdaya meM bhI cAra pramANoM ko hetu kahA gayA hai - pR0 14 sthAnAMga meM aitihya ke sthAna meM Agama hai, kintu caraka meM aitihya ko Agama hI kahA hai ataeva donoM meM koI aMtara nahIM - "aitihya nAmAptopadezo vedAdiH " vahI sU0 41 / anyatra jainanikSepa paddhati ke anusAra pramANa ke cAra bheda bhI dikhAe gae haiM / "cauvihe pamANe pannattaM taM jahA - dagvappamANe vetappamANe kAlappamANe bhAvappamANe" sthAnAMga sU0 258 / prastuta sUtra meM pramANa zabda kA ativistRta artha lekara hI usake cAra bhedoM kA parigaNana kiyA gayA hai / spaSTa hai ki isameM dUsare dArzanikoM kI taraha kevala prameya sAdhaka tIna, cAra yA chaha Adi pramANoM kA hI samAveza nahIM hai, kintu vyAkaraNa kopAdi se siddha pramANa zabda ke yAvat arthoM kA samAveza karane kA prayatna hai / sthAnAMga mUla sUtra meM ukta bhedoM kI parigaNanA ke alAvA vizeSa kucha nahIM kahA gayA hai, kintu anyatra usakA vistRta varNana hai jisake viSaya meM Age hama kucha kaheMge /

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138 prAgama-yuSa kA jana-varzana . caraka meM vAdamArga padoM meM eka svataMtra vyavasAya pada hai / "pratha vyavasAyaH-vyavasAyo nAma nizcayaH" vimAnasthAna pra0 8 sU0 47 / siddhasena se lekara sabhI jainatArkikoM ne pramANa ko svaparavyavasAyi mAnA hai / vArtikakAra zAntyAcArya ne nyAyAvatAragata avabhAsa zabda kA artha karate hue kahA hai ki___"pravabhAso vyavasAyo na tu grahaNamAtrakam" kA0 3 / ___ akalaMkaAdi sabhI tAkikoM ne pramANa lakSaNa meM 'vyavasAya' pada ko sthAna diyA hai aura pramANa ko vyavasAyAtmaka" mAnA hai / yaha koI Akasmida. bAta nhiiN| nyAyasUtra meM pratyakSa ko vyavasAyAtmaka kahA hai / sAMkhyakArikA meM bhI pratyakSa ko adhyavasAya rUpa kahA hai / isI prakAra jaina AgamoM meM bhI pramANa ko vyavasAya zabda se vyavahRta karane kI prathA kA spaSTa darzana nimnasUtra meM hotA hai / prastuta meM tIna prakAra ke vyavasAya kA jo vidhAna hai vaha sAMkhyAdisaMmata tIna pramANa mAnane kI paramparAmUlaka ho to Azcarya nahIM ___"tivihe vavasAe paNNata taM jahA-paccakkhe paccatite prANugAmie / " sthAnAMgasU0 185 / prastuta sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue abhayadeva ne likhA hai ki__ "vyavasAyo nizcayaH sa ca pratyakSaH-avadhimanaHparyayakevalAkhyaH, pratyayAta indriyAnindriyalakSaNAt nimittAjjAtaH prAtyayikaH, sAdhyam agnyAdikam anugacchatisAdhyAbhAve na bhavati yo dhUmAdihetuH so'nugAmI tato jAtam mAnugAmikam-anumAnamtadrUpo vyavasAya prAnugAmika eveti / athavA pratyakSaH svayaMdarzanalakSaNaH, prAtyayikaHprAptavacanaprabhavaH, tRtIyastathaiveti" / spaSTa hai ki prastuta sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM abhayadeva ne vikalpa kie haiN| ataeva unako eka * artha kA nizcaya nahIM thA / vastutaH pratyakSa zabda se sAMvyavahArika aura pAramArthika donoM pratyakSa, pratyayita zabda se anumAna aura AnugAmika zabda se Agama, sUtrakAra ko abhipreta mAne jAe~ to siddhasenasaMmata tIna pramANoM kA mUla ukta sUtra meM mila jAtA hai / siddhasena . 5 dekho nyAyA0 TippaNa pR0 148-151 / 6 caraka vimAnasthAna adhyAya 4 / pra0 8. sU0 84 /

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136 ne nyAya- paramparA sammata cAra pramANoM ke sthAna meM sAMkhyAdisammata tIna hI pratyakSa, anumAna aura Agama ko mAnA hai / AcArya haribhadra ko bhI ye hI tIna pramANa mAnya haiM / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki carakasaMhitA meM kaI paramparAe~ mila gaI haiM kyoMki kahIM to usameM cAra pramANoM kA varNana hai aura kahIM tIna kA tathA vikalpa se do kA bhI svIkAra pAyA jAtA hai / aisA hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki carakasaMhitA kisI eka vyakti kI racanA na hokara kAlakrama se saMzodhana aura parivardhana hote-hote vartamAna rUpa banA hai / yaha bAta nimna koSThaka se spaSTa ho jAtI hai Aptopadeza sUtrasthAna a0 11. vimAnasthAna a0 4 a08 33 " "" 11 " 11 """ " 7 13 23 aitihya (Aptopadeza ),, X upadeza pratyakSa anumAna yukti X aupamya X X "1 pramANa - khaNDa " 11 "" yahI dazA jaina AgamoM kI hai / usa meM bhI cAra aura lIna pramANoM kI paraMparAoM ne sthAna pAyA hai / " sthAnAMga ke ukta sUtra se bhI pAMca jJAnoM se pramANoM kA pArthakya siddha hotA hI hai / kyoMki vyavasAya ko pAMca jJAnoM se saMbaddha na kara pramANoM se saMbaddha kiyA hai / 31 phira bhI Agama meM jJAna aura pramANa kA samanvaya sarvathA nahIM huA hai yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / ukta tIna prAcIna bhUmikAoM meM asamanvaya hote hue bhI anuyogadvAra se yaha spaSTa hai, ki bAda meM jainAcAryoM ne jJAna aura pramANa kA samanvaya karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / kintu yaha bhI dhyAna meM rahe ki paMca jJAnoM kA samanvaya spaSTa rUpa se nahIM hai, para aspaSTa rUpa se hai / isa samanvaya ke prayatna kA prathama darzana anuyoga meM hotA hai / nyAyadarzanaprasiddha cAra pramANoM kA jJAna meM samAveza karane kA prayatna zranekAntaja0 TI0 pR0 142, anekAntaja0 pR0 215 /

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Agama-yuga kA jana-varzana anuyoga meM hai hii| kintu vaha prayatna jaina-dRSTi ko pUrNatayA lakSya meM rakha kara nahIM huA hai| ataH bAda ke AcAryoM ne isa prazna ko phira se sulajhAne kA prayatna kiyA aura vaha isalie saphala huA ki usameM jaina Agama ke maulika paMcajJAnoM ko AdhArabhUta mAnakara hI jaina-dRSTi se pramANoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai / ___ sthAnAMgasUtra meM pramANoM ke dravyAdi cAra bheda jo kie gae haiM unakA nirdeza pUrva meM ho cukA hai| jainavyAkhyApaddhati kA vistAra se varNana karane vAlA grantha anuyogadvAra sUtra hai| usako dekhane se patA calatA hai ki pramANa ke dravyAdi cAra bheda karane kI prathA, jainoM kI vyAkhyApaddhatimUlaka hai| zabda ke vyAkaraNa-koSAdi prasiddha sabhI saMbhavita arthoM kA samAveza karake, vyApaka artha meM anuyogadvAra ke racayitA ne pramANa zabda prayukta kiyA hai yaha nimna nakaze se sUcita ho jAtA hai -= ekAnta - mudrAmadhizayya - zayyAM, naya-vyavasthA kila yA pramIlA / tayA nimIlannayanasya puMsaH, syAtkAra evAjanikI zalAkA //

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pramANa-khaNDa anuyogadvAra (sU0 56) 1 upakrama 2 nikSepa 3 anugama 4 naya 1AnupUrvI 2 nAma 3 pramANa 4 vaktavyatA 5 arthAdhikAra 6 samavatAra (sU070) 1 dravya 2 kSetra 3 kAla 4 bhAva (sU0 132) 1 guNa 2 naya 3 saMkhyA (sU0 146) / 1 jIva ke 2 ajIva ke (sU0 147) 1jJAna 2 darzana 3 cAritra 1 pratyakSa 2 anumAna 3 aupamya 4 Agama 1 pratyakSa . 1 indriyapratyakSa 1 indriyapratyakSa noindriyapratyakSa 1 zrotrendriya pra02 cakSu0pra03 ghrANe0 pra.4 jihvandriya pra05 sparza0pra0 1 avadhijJAna pra. 2 manaHparyayajJAna pra0 3 kevalajJAna pra0

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142 - prAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana . 2 anumAna 1 pUrvavat 2 zeSavat 3 dRSTasAdharmyavat 1 kAryeNa 2 kAraNena 3 guNena 4 avayavena 5 AzrayeNa 1 sAmAnyadRSTa 2 vizeSadRSTa 1 atItakAlagrahaNa 2 pratyutpannakAlagrahaNa 3 anAgatakAlagrahaNa 3 praupamya 1 sAdhopanIta 2 vaidhopanIta 1 kizcitsAdhopanIta 2 prAyaHsAdhopanIta 3 sarvasAdhopanIta 1 kiJcidvadharmya 2 prAyaHvaidharmya 3 sarvavaidharmya 4 Agama 1 laukika 2 lokottara veda, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata Adi AcArAMgaAdi 12

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pramANa-khaNDa 143 anuyogadvAra ke prArambha meM hI jJAnoM ke pAMca bheda batAe haiM1 Abhinibodhika, 2 zruta, 3 avadhi, 4 manaHparyaya aura 5 kevala / jJAnapramANa ke vivecana ke prasaMga meM prApta to yaha thA ki anuyogadvAra ke saMkalanakartA unhIM pAMca jJAnoM ko jJAnapramANa ke bhedarUpa se batA dete| . kintu aisA na karake unhoMne naiyAyikoM meM prasiddha cAra pramANoM ko hI jJAna pramANa ke bheda rUpa se batA diyA hai / aisA karake unhoMne sUcita kiyA hai ki dUsare dArzanika jina pratyakSAdi cAra pramANoM ko mAnate haiM vastutaH ve jJAnAtmaka haiM aura guNa haiM--AtmA ke guNa haiN| isa samanvaya se yaha bhI phalita ho jAtA hai ki ajJAnAtmaka sannikarSa indriya Adi padArtha pramANa nahIM ho skte| ataeva hama dekhate haiM ki siddhasena se lekara pramANavivecaka sabhI jaina dArzanikoM ne pramANa ke lakSaNa meM jJAnapada ko avazya sthAna diyA hai| itanA hote hue bhI jaina saMmata pAMca jJAnoM meM cAra pramANa kA spaSTa samanvaya karane kA prayatna anuyogadvAra ke kartA ne nahIM kiyA hai| arthAt yahA~ bhI pramANacarcA aura paMca jJAnacarcA kA pArthakya siddha hI hai| zAstrakAra ne yadi pramANoM ko paMca jJAnoM meM samanvita karane kA prayatna kiyA hotA, to unake mata se anumAna aura upamAna pramANa kisa jJAna meM samAviSTa hai yaha aspaSTa nahIM rahatA / yaha vAta nIce ke samIkaraNa se spaSTa hotI hai pramANa pratyakSa jJAna 1 (a) indriyajamati (ba) manojanyamati zruta avadhi manaHparyaya kevala / Agama pratyakSa anumAna upamAna

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144 Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana isase sApha hai ki jJAnapakSa meM manojanya mati ko kauna sA pramANa kahA jAe tathA pramANa pakSa meM anumAna aura upamAna ko kauna sA jJAna * kahA jAe-yaha bAta anuyogadvAra meM aspaSTa hai / vastutaH dekheM to jaina jJAna prakriyA ke anusAra manojanyamati jo ki parokSa jJAna hai vaha anuyoga ke pramANa varNana meM kahIM samAveza nahIM paataa| nyAyAdizAstra ke anusAra mAnasa jJAna do prakAra kA hai pratyakSa aura prokss| sukha-duHkhAdi ko viSaya karane vAlA mAnasa-jJAna pratyakSa kahalAtA hai aura anumAna upamAna Adi mAnasa jJAna parokSa kahalAtA hai / ataeva manojanya mati jo ki jainoM ke mata se parokSa jJAna hai, usameM anumAna aura upamAna ko antarbhUta kara diyA jAya to ucita hI hai / isa prakAra pAMca jJAnoM kA cAra pramANoM meM samanvaya ghaTa jAtA hai| yadi yaha abhiprAya zAstrakAra kA bhI hai to kahanA hogA ki para-prasiddha cAra pramANoM kA paMca jJAnoM ke sAtha samanvaya karane kI aspaSTa sUcanA anuyogadvAra se milatI hai / kintu jaina-dRSTi se pramANa vibhAga aura usakA paMcajJAnoM meM spaSTa samanvaya karane kA zreya to umAsvAti ko hI hai| . itanI carcA se yaha spaSTa hai ki jainazAstrakAroM ne Agama kAla meM jaina dRSTi se pramANavibhAga ke viSaya meM svatantra vicAra nahIM kiyA hai, kintu usa kAla meM prasiddha anya dArzanikoM ke vicAroM kA saMgraha mAtra kiyA hai| pramANabheda ke viSaya meM prAcIna kAla meM aneka paramparAe~ prasiddha rhiiN| unameM se cAra aura tIna bhedoM kA nirdeza Agama meM milatA hai, jo pUrvokta vivaraNa se spaSTa hai / aisA hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki pramANa carcA meM niSNAta aise prAcIna naiyAyikoM ne pramANa ke cAra bheda hI mAne haiN| unhIM kA anukaraNa caraka aura prAcIna bauddhoM ne bhI kiyA hai / aura isI kA anukaraNa jainAgamoM meM bhI huA hai / pramANa ke tIna bheda mAnane kI paramparA bhI prAcIna hai| usakA anukaraNa sAMkhya, caraka aura bauddhoM meM huA hai| yahI paramparA sthAnAMga ke pUrvokta sUtra meM surakSita hai / yogAcAra bauddhoM ne to dignAga ke sudhAra ko arthAt pramANa ke do bheda kI paramparA

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pramANa-khaNDa 145 - : : : : X : X : X : ko bhI nahIM mAnA hai aura dignAga ke bAda bhI apanI tIna pramANa kI paramparA ko hI mAnya rakhA hai, jo sthiramati kI madhyAnta vibhAga kI TIkA se spaSTa hotA hai| nIce diyA huA tulanAtmaka nakazA uparyukta kathana kA sAkSI hai anuyogadvAra) 1 pratyakSa 2 anumAna 3 upamAna 4 Agama bhagavatI va sthAnAMga carakasaMhitA nyAyasUtra vigrahavyAvartanI upAya hRdaya sAMkhyakArikA yogAcAra bhUmizAstra ,, abhidharmasaMgitizAstra , vijJaptimAtratAsiddhi madhyAntavibhAgavRtti vaizaSikasUtra prazastapAda dignAga dharmakIrti pratyakSapramANacarcA-hama pahale kaha Ae haiM ki anuyogadvAra meM pramANa zabda ko usake vistRta artha meM lekara pranANoM kA bhedavarNana kiyA gayA hai / kintu jJapti sAdhana jo pramANa jJAna anuyogadvAra ko abhISTa hai usI kA vizeSa vivaraNa karanA prastuta meM iSTa hai| ataeva anuyogadvAra saMmata cAra pramANoM kA kramazaH varNana kiyA jAtA hai nakaze se spaSTa hai, ki anuyogadvAra ke mata se pratyakSa jJAna pramANa ke do bheda haiM X : X : X X X X X X X X 8. Pre-Dinnaga Buddhist Texts: Intro. P. XVII.

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146 Agama-yuga kA jana-darzana 1. indriyapratyakSa 2. noindriyapratyakSa indriyapratyakSa meM anuyogadvAra sUtra ne 1 zrotrendriya-pratyakSa, 4 jihva endriya- pratyakSa, 3 ghrANendriya- pratyakSa, 2 cakSurindriya- pratyakSa aura 5 sparzendriya pratyakSa - ina pAMca prakAra ke pratyakSoM kA samAveza kiyA hai| noindriyapratyakSa pramANa meM jainazAstra prasiddha tIna pratyakSa jJAnoM kA samAveza hai - 1 avadhijJAna - pratyakSa, 2 mana:paryayajJAna pratyakSa aura 3 kevalajJAna- pratyakSa / prastuta meM 'no' kA artha hai -- indriya kA abhAva / arthAt ye tInoM jJAna indriya- janya nahIM haiM / ye jJAna kevala Atma-sApekSa haiM / jaina paramparA ke anusAra indriya janya jJAnoM ko parokSa jJAna kahA jAtA hai, kintu prastuta pramANa carcA parasaMmata pramANoM ke hI AdhAra se hai, ataeva yahA~ usI ke anusAra indriyajanya jJAnoM ko pratyakSa - pramANa kahA gayA hai / nandIsUtra meM jo indriyajanya jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA hai, vaha bhI para siddhAnta kA anusaraNa karake hI kahA gayA hai / vaizeSika sUtra meM laukika aura alaukika donoM prakAra ke pratyakSa kI vyAkhyA dI gaI hai / kintu nyAya sUtra " aura mImAMsA darzana meM 11 laukika pratyakSa kI hI vyAkhyA dI gaI hai / laukika pratyakSa kI vyAkhyA meM dArzanikoM ne pradhAnatayA bahirindriyajanya jJAnoM ko lakSya meM rakhA ho, yaha pratIta hotA hai / kyoMki nyAyasUtra, vaizeSikasUtra aura mImAMsA darzana kI laukika pratyakSa kI vyAkhyA meM sarvatra indriyajanya jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA hai / mana indriya hai yA nahIM isa viSaya meM nyAya sUtra aura vaizeSika sUtra vidhi rUpa se kucha nahIM batAte / prattuta nyAya sUtra meM prameya nirUpaNa meM mana 9 vaize0 3.1.18; 9.1.11-15 / 10 1.1.4 / 1.1.4 / 11

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pramANa-khaNDa 147 ko indriyoM se pRthak ginAyA hai (1. 1. 6.) aura indriya nirUpaNa meM (1. 1. 12)pAMca bahirindriyoM kA hI parigaNana kiyA gayA hai / isalie sAmAnyataH koI yaha kaha sakatA hai, ki nyAya sUtrakAra ko mana indriya rUpa se iSTa nahIM thA kintu isakA prativAda karake vAtsyAyana ne kaha diyA hai ki mana bhI indriya hai / mana ko indriya se pRthak batAne kA tAtparya yaha hai ki vaha anya indriyoM se vilakSaNa hai (nyAyabhA0 1. 1. 4) / vAtsyAyana ke isa spaSTIkaraNa ke hote hue bhI tathA sAMkhyakArikA meM (kA0 27) spaSTa rUpa se indriyoM meM mana kA antarbhAva hone para bhI mAThara ne pratyakSa ko pAMca prakAra kA batAyA hai / usase phalita yaha hotA hai ki laukika pratyakSa meM spaSTa rUpa se manojanyajJAna samAviSTa nahIM thaa| isI bAta kA samarthana nandI aura anuyogadvAra se bhI hotA hai| kyoMki unameM bhI laukika pratyakSa meM pAMca indriyajanya jJAnoM ko hI sthAna diyA hai| kintu isakA matalaba yaha nahIM hai, ki prAcIna dArzanikoM ne mAnasa jJAna kA vicAra hI nahIM kiyA ho| prAcIna kAla ke granthoM meM laukika pratyakSa meM mAnasa pratyakSa ko bhI svataMtra sthAna milA hai| isase patA calatA hai ki ve mAnasa pratyakSa se sarvathA anabhijJa nahIM the / caraka meM pratyakSa ko indriyaja aura mAnasa aise do bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| isI paramparA kA anusaraNa karake bauddha maitreyanAtha ne bhI yogAcAra-bhUmizAstra meM pratyakSa ke cAra bhedoM meM mAnasa pratyakSa ko svatantra sthAna diyA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki AgamoM meM sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa meM mAnasa kA sthAna na hone para bhI AcArya akalaMkane use sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa rUpa se ginAyA hai| anumAna ke bheda-anuyogadvAra sUtra meM tIna bheda kie gae 12 vimAna-sthAna pra0 4 sU0 5 / pra0 8 sU0 36 / 13 J. R. A. S. 1929 p. 465-466. 14 dekho nyAyA0 TippaNI pR0 243 / 15 vizeSa ke lie dekho pro0 dhruva kA 'trividhamanumAnam' orienTala. kAMgresa . ke prathama adhivezana meM par3hA gayA vyAkhyAna /

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148 zrAgama-yuga kA jaina darzana 1. pUrvavat 2. zeSavat 3. dRSTasAdharmyavat prAcIna caraka, nyAya, bauddha ( upAyahRdaya pR0 13 ) aura sAMkhya ne bhI anumAna ke tIna bheda to batAe haiM / unameM prathama ke do to vahI haiM, jo anuyoga meM haiM / kintu antima bheda kA nAma anuyoga kI taraha dRSTasAdharmyavat na hokara sAmAnyatodRSTa hai / prastuta meM yaha batA denA Avazyaka hai ki anuyoga meM anumAna ke svArtha aura parArtha aise do bheda nahIM kie ge| anumAna ko ina do bhedoM meM vibhakta karane kI paramparA bAda kI hai / nyAyasUtra aura usake bhASya taka yaha svArtha aura parArtha aise bheda karane kI paramparA dekhI nahIM jAtI / bauddhoM meM dignAga se pahale ke maitreya, asaMga aura vasubandhu ke granthoM meM bhI vaha nahIM dekhI jAtI / sarvaprathama bauddhoM meM dignAga ke pramANasamuccaya meM aura vaidikoM meM prazastapAda ke bhASya meM hI svArtha- parArtha bheda dekhe jAte haiN"| jainadArzanikoM ne anuyogadvAra svIkRta ukta tIna bhedoM ko sthAna nahIM diyA hai, kintu svArtha- parArtharUpa bhedoM ko hI apane granthoM meM liyA hai, itanA hI nahIM, balki tIna bhedoM kI paramparA kA kucha ne khaNDana bhI kiyA hai" / pUrvavat - - pUrvavat kI vyAkhyA karate hue anuyoga dvAra meM kahA hai ki 16 caraka sUtrasthAna meM anumAna kA tIna prakAra hai, yaha kahA hai, kintu nAma nahIM die-- dekho sUtrasthAna adhyAya 11. zlo0 21, 22; nyAyasUtra 1.1.5 / mUla sAMkhyakArikA meM nAma nahIM hai kevala tIna prakAra kA ullekha hai kA0 5 / kintu mAThara ne tInoM ke nAma die haiN| tIsarA nAma mUlakAra ko sAmAnyatodRSTa hI iSTa hai - kA06 / 17 pramANasamu0 2.1 / prazasta0 pR0 563, 577 / 18 nyAyavi0 341, 342 / tattvArthazlo0 pR0 205 / syAdvAdara0 pR0 527 /

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pramANa- khaNDa "mAyA putta jahA naTTha juvANaM puNarAgayaM / kAI paccabhijANejjA puvvaliGgeNa keNaI // taM jahA- khattareNa vA vaNNeNa vA laMchaNeNa vA maseNa vA tilaeNa vA" 146 tAtparya yaha hai ki pUrva paricita kisI liGga ke dvArA pUrvaparicita vastu kA pratyabhijJAna karanA pUrvavat anumAna hai / upAyahRdaya nAmaka bauddha grantha meM bhI pUrvavat kA vaisA hI udAharaNa hai "yathA SaDaGga uli sapiDakamUrdhAnaM bAnaM dRSTvA pazcAdavRddha bahuzrutaM devadattaM dRSTvA SaDaGgali smaraNAt soyamiti pUrvavat" pR0 13 / upAyahRdaya ke bAda ke granthoM meM pUrvavat ke anya do prakAra ke udAharaNa milate haiM / ukta udAharaNa chor3ane kA kAraNa yahI hai ki ukta udAharaNa sUcita jJAna vastutaH pratyabhijJAna hai / ataeva pratyabhijJAna aura anumAna ke viSaya meM jabase dArzanikoM ne bheda karanA prArambha kiyA tabase pUrvavat kA udAharaNa badalanA Avazyaka ho gayA / isase yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki anuyoga meM jo vivecana hai vaha prAcIna paramparAnusArI hai | kucha dArzanikoM ne kAraNa se kArya ke anumAna ko aura kucha ne kArya se kAraNa ke anumAna ko pUrvavat mAnA hai yaha unake die hue udAharaNoM se pratIta hotA hai / meghonnati se vRSTi kA anumAna karanA, yaha kAraNa se kArya kA anumAna hai| ise pUrvavat kA udAharaNa mAnane vAle mAThara, vAtsyAyana aura gauDapAda haiM / anuyogadvAra sUtra ke mata se kAraNa se kArya kA anumAna zeSavadanumAna kA eka prakAra hai / kintu prastuta udAharaNa kA samAveza zeSavad ke 'AzrayeNa' bheda ke antargata hai / vAtsyAyana ne matAntara se dhUma se vahni ke anumAna ko bhI pUrvavat

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150 bhAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana kahA hai| yahI mata caraka aura mUlamAdhyamikakArikA ke TIkAkAra piGgala (?) ko bhI mAnya thaa| zabara bhI vahI udAharaNa detA hai / mAThara bhI kArya se kAraNa ke anumAna ko pUrvavat mAnatA hai, kintu usakA udAharaNa dUsarA hai--yathA, nadIpUra se vRSTi kA anumAna / anuyoga dvAra ke mata se dhUma se vahni kA jJAna zeSavadanumAna ke pAMcave bheda 'AzrayeNa' ke antargata hai / mATharanirdiSTa nadIpUra se vRSTi ke anumAna ko anuyoga meM atItakAla grahaNa kahA hai aura vAtsyAyana ne kArya se kAraNa ke anumAna ko zeSavad kahakara mATharanirdiSTa udAharaNa ko zeSavat batA diyA hai| pUrva kA artha hotA hai, kAraNa / kisI ne kAraNa ko sAdhana mAnakara, kisI ne kAraNa ko sAdhya mAnakara aura kisI ne donoM mAnakara pUrvavat kI vyAkhyA kI hai ataeva pUrvokta matavaividhya upalabdha hotA hai| kintu prAcIna kAla meM pUrvavat se pratyabhijJA hI samajhI jAtI thI, yaha anuyogadvAra aura upAyahRdaya se spaSTa hai| ___ nyAyasUtrakAra ko pUrvavat' anumAna kA kaisA lakSaNa iSTa thA, . usakA patA lagAnA bhI Avazyaka hai| prophesara dhruva kA anumAna hai ki nyAyasUtrakAra ne pUrvavat Adi zabda prAcIna mImAMsakoM se liyA hai aura usa paramparA ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki pUrva kA artha kAraNa aura zeSa kA artha kArya hai| ataeva nyAyasUtrakAra ke mata meM pUrvavat anumAna kAraNa se kArya kA aura zeSavat anumAna kArya se kAraNa kA hai22| kintu nyAyasUtra kI anumAna parIkSA ke (2.1.37) AdhAra para prophesara jvAlAprasAda ne23 pUrvavat aura zeSavat kA jo artha spaSTa kiyA - 19 sUtrasthAna a0 11 zloka 21 / 20 Pre Dinnaga Buddhist text. Intro. P. XVII. 21 1.1.5 / 22 pUrvokta vyAkhyAna pR0 262-263 / 23 Indian Epistemology p. 171.

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pramANa-khaNDa hai, vaha prophesara dhruva se ThIka ulaTA hai| arthAt pUrva-kAraNa kA kArya se anumAna karanA pUrvavat hai aura kArya kA yA uttarakAlIna kA kAraNa se anumAna karanA zeSavadanumAna hai| vaizeSika sUtra meM kArya hetu ko prathama aura kAraNa hetu ko dvitIya sthAna prApta hai (6.2.1) / usase bhI pUrvavat aura zeSavat ke ukta artha kI puSTi hotI hai / zeSavat-anuyogadvAra kA pUrva citrita nakazA dekhane se spaSTa hotA hai ki zeSavat anumAna meM pAMca prakAra ke hetuoM ko anumApaka batAyA gayA hai / yathA ___"se kiM taM sesavaM ? sesavaM paMcavihaM paNNattaM taM jahA kajjeNaM kAraNeNaM guNeNaM avayaveNaM prAsaeNaM / " 1. kAryeNa kArya se kAraNa kA anumAna karanA / yathA zabda se zaMkha kA, tADana se bherI kA, Dhakkita se vRSabha kA, kekAyita se mayUra kA, haNahaNATa (heSita) se azva kA, gulagulAyita se gaja kA aura ghaNaghaNAyita se ratha kA / 24 2. kAraNena-kAraNa se kArya kA anumAna karanA / isake udAharaNa meM anumAna prayoga ko to nahIM batAyA, kintu kahA hai ki 'tantu paTa kA kAraNa hai, paTa tantu kA kAraNa nahIM, vIraNA kaTa kA kAraNa hai, kaTa vIraNA kA kAraNa nahIM, mRtpiNDa ghaTa kA kAraNa hai, ghaTa matpiNDa kA kAraNa nahIM / 25 isa prakAra kaha karake zAstrakAra ne kAryakAraNabhAva kI vyavasthA dikhA dI hai| usake AdhAra para jo kAraNa hai, use hetu banAkara kArya kA anumAna kara lenA cAhie yaha sUcita kiyA hai / 3. guNena-guNa se guNI kA anumAna karanA, yathA--nikaSa se suvarNa kA, gandha se puSpa kA, rasa se lavaNa kA, AsvAda se madirA kA, sparza se vastra kA / 26 ____ 24 "saMkhaM saddeNaM, bheri tADieNaM, vasabhaM DhakkieNaM, moraM kiMkAieNaM, hayaM hesieNaM, gayaM gulagulAieNaM, rahaM ghnnghnnaaiennN|" 25 "taMtavo paDassa kAraNaM Na paDo taMtukAraNaM, vIraNA kaDassa kAraNaM Na kaDo vIraNA-kAraNaM, mippiDo ghaDassa kAraNaM Na ghaDo mippiddkaarnnN|" 26 "suvaSNaM nikaseNaM, puppha gaMdheNaM, lavaNaM raseNaM, maharaM prAsAyaeNaM, vatyaM phAseNaM / "

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152 prAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana 4. avayavena-avayava se avayavI kA anumAna karanA / yathA29, sIMga se mahiSa kA, zikhA se kukkuTa kA, dA~ta se hastI kA, dADhA se varAha kA, piccha se mayUra kA, khurA se azva kA, nakha se vyAghra kA, bAlAgra se camarI gAya kA, lAMgUla se bandara kA, do paira se manuSya kA, cAra paira se go Adi kA, bahu paira se gojara Adi kA, kesara se siMha kA, kakubha se vRSabha kA, cUDI sahita bAhu se mahilA kA, baddha parikaratA se yoddhA kA, vastra se mahilA kA, dhAnya ke eka kaNa se droNa-pAka kA aura eka gAthA se kavi kaa| 5. AzrayeNa- (Azritena) Azrita vastu se anumAna karanA, yathA dhUma se agni kA, balAkA se pAnI kA, abhra-vikAra se vRSTi kA aura zIla samAcAra se kulaputra kA anumAna hotA hai / ___anuyoga dvAra ke zeSavat ke pAMca bhedoM ke sAtha anya dArzanika kRta anumAna bhedoM kI tulanA ke liye nIce nakazA diyA jAtA hai vaizeSika anuyogadvAra yogAcArabhUmizAstra dharmakIrti 1 kArya 1 kArya 1 kArya-kAraNa 1 kArya 2 kAraNa 2 kAraNa 3 saMyogI 3 Azrita 20 mahisaM siMgeNa, kukkuDaM sihAe, hatthi visANeNaM, varAhaM dADhAe, moraM piccheNaM, prAsaM sureNaM, vagdhaM naheNaM, cariM vAlaggeNaM, vANaraM laMguleNaM, dupayaM maNussAdi, caupayaM gavamAdi, bahupayaM gomiyAdi, sIhaM kesareNaM, basahaM kukkuheNaM, mahilaM valayabAhAe, gAhA-- paribharabaMSeNa bhaDaM jANijjA mahilinaM nivasaNeNaM / sittheNa dogapAgaM, kavi ca ekkAe gaahaae||" 28 "aggi dhUmeNaM, salilaM balAgeNaM vuTThi anbhavikAreNaM, kulaputtaM solsmaayaarennN|" 29 vaize0 9. 2. 1 / 3deg J. R. A. S. 1929, P. 474.

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pramANa-khaNDa 153 4 samavAyI 4 guNa 2 karma ra 5 avayava / 3 dharma 1 4 svabhAva 2 svabhAva 5 virodhI 3 anupalabdhi 5 nimitta upAyahRdaya meM zeSavat kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai ki "zeSavad yathA, sAgarasalilaM pItvA tallavaNarasamanubhUya zeSamapi salilaM tulyameva lavaNamiti"-pR0 13 // arthAt avayava ke jJAna se saMpUrNa avayavI kA jJAna zeSavat hai, yaha upAyahRdaya kA mata hai| mAThara aura gauDapAda kA bhI yahI mata hai| unakA udAharaNa bhI vahI hai, jo upAyahRdaya meM hai| Tsing-mu (piGgala) kA bhI zeSavat ke viSaya meM yahI mata hai| kintu usakA udAharaNa usI prakAra kA dUsarA hai ki eka cAvala ke dAne ko pake dekhakara sabhI ko pakva samajhanA / " anuyogadvAra ke zeSavat ke pA~ca bhedoM meM se caturtha 'avayavena' ke aneka udAharaNoM meM upAyahRdaya nirdiSTa udAharaNa kA sthAna nahIM hai, kintu piGgala saMmata udAharaNa kA sthAna hai| nyAyabhASyakAra ne kArya se kAraNa ke anumAna ko zeSavat kahA hai aura usake udAharaNa rUpa se nadIpUra se vRSTi ke anumAna ko batAyA hai / mAThara ke mata se to yaha pUrvavat anumAna hai| anuyogadvAra ne 'kAryeNa' aisA eka bheda zeSavat kA mAnA hai, para usake udAharaNa bhinna hI haiN| ___matAntara se nyAyabhASya meM parizeSAnumAna ko zeSavat kahA hai| aisA mAThara Adi anya kisI ne nahIM kahA / spaSTa hai ki yaha koI bhinna paraMparA hai / anuyoga dvAra ne zeSavat ke jo pA~ca bheda batAe haiM, unakA mUla kyA hai, yaha kahA nahIM jA sktaa| 34 Pre-Dig. Intro. XVIII.

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154 zrAgama-yuga kA jaina-varzana dRSTasAdharmyavat -- dRSTasAdharmyavat ke do bheda kie gae haiM1 sAmAnyadRSTa aura 2 vishessdRsstt| kisI eka vastu ko dekhakara tatsajAtIya sabhI vastu kA sAdharmya jJAna karanA yA bahu vastu ko dekhakara kisI vizeSa meM tatsAdharmya kA jJAna karanA, yaha sAmAnyadRSTa hai, aisI sAmAnyadRSTa kI vyAkhyA zAstrakAra ko abhipreta jAna par3atI hai / zAstrakAra ne isake udAharaNa ye die haiM- jaisA eka puruSa hai, aneka puruSa bhI vaise hI haiM / jaise aneka puruSa haiM, vaisA hI eka puruSa hai / jaisA eka kArSApaNa hai, aneka kArSApaNa bhI vaise hI haiM / jaise aneka kArSApaNa haiM, eka bhI vaisA hI hai | 32 vizeSadRSTa dRSTasAdharmyavat vaha hai jo aneka vastuoM meM se kisI eka ko pRthak karake usake vaiziSTya kA pratyabhijJAna karatA hai / zAstrakAra ne isa anumAna ko bhI puruSa aura kArSApaNa ke dRSTAnta se spaSTa kiyA hai / yathA- koI eka puruSa bahuta se puruSoM ke bIca meM se pUrvadRSTa puruSa kA pratyabhijJAna karatA hai, ki yaha vahI puruSa hai, yA isI prakAra kArSApaNa kA pratyabhijJAna karatA hai, taba usakA vaha jJAna vizeSadRSTa sAdharmyavat anumAna hai 33 | anuyogadvAra meM dRSTasAdharmyavat ke jo do bheda kie gae haiM unameM prathama to upamAna se aura dUsarA pratyabhijJAna se bhinna pratIta nahIM hotA / mAThara Adi anya dArzanikoM ne sAmAnyatodRSTa ke jo udAharaNa die haiM, unase anuyogadvAra kA pArthakya spaSTa hai / upAyahRdaya meM sUrya-candra kI gati kA jJAna udAhRta hai / yahI udAharaNa gauDapAda meM, zabara meM, nyAyabhASya meM aura piMgala meM hai / 32 " se kiM taM sAmaNNadiTTha ? jahA ego puriso tahA bahave purisA jahA bahave purisA tahA ego puriyo / jahA ego karisAvaNo tahA bahave karisAvaNA, jahA bahave karisAvaNA tahA ego karisAvaNo / " 33 " se jahANAmae keI purise kaMci purisaM bahUNaM purisANaM majbhe puNvadiTTha paJcabhijANijjA-prayaM se purise / bahUNaM karisAvaNANaM majbhe puNvadiTTha karisAvaNaM paccabhijANijjA-zrayaM se karisAvaNe / "

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pramANa -khaNDa 155 sAmAnyatodRSTa kA yaha bhI udAharaNa milatA hai / yathA, icchAdi karanA / usakA nirdeza nyAyabhASya aura se AtmA kA anumAna piMgala meM 1 anuyoga dvAra, mAThara aura gauDapAda ne siddhAntataH sAmAnyatodRSTa kA lakSaNa eka hI prakAra kA mAnA hai, bhale hI udAharaNa bheda ho / mAThara aura gauDapAda ne udAharaNa diyA hai ki "puSpitApradarzanAt, anyatra puSpitA zrAmrA iti / " yahI bhAva anuyoga dvAra kA bhI hai, jaba ki zAstrakAra ne kahA ki "jahA ego puriso tahA bahave purisA / " Adi / anumAna sAmAnya kA udAharaNa mAThara ne diyA hai ki "liGga ena tridaNDAdidarzanena pradRSTo'pi liGgI sAdhyate nUnamasau parivrAsti, prasyedaM tridaNDamiti / " gauDapAda ne isa udAharaNa ke sAdhya - sAdhana kA viparyAsa kiyA hai- yathA dRSTvA yatim yasyedaM tridaNDamiti / " / kAlabheda se traividhya : anumAnagrahaNa kAla kI dRSTi se tIna prakAra kA hotA hai, use bhI zAstrakAra ne batAyA hai / yathA - 1 atItakAlagrahaNa, 2 pratyutpannakAla grahaNa aura 3 anAgatakAlagrahaNa | 1. atItakAlagrahaNa - uttRRNa vana, niSpannazasyA pRthvI, jalapUrNa kuNDa-sara-nadI- dIrghikA - taDAga - Adi dekhakara siddha kiyA jAe ki suvRSTi huI hai, to vaha atItakAlagrahaNa hai / 34 2. pratyutpannakAlagrahaNa - bhikSAcaryA meM pracura bhikSA milatI dekha kara siddha kiyA jAe ki subhikSa hai, to vaha pratyutpanna kAla grahaNa hai / " 3. anAgatakAlagrahaNa - bAdala kI nirmalatA, kRSNa, pahAr3a savidyut megha, meghagarjana, vAtodbhrama, rakta aura prasnigdha sandhyA, vAruNa 3 uttaNANi vaNANi niSpaNNasassaM vA meiriMga puSNANi zra kuNDa-sara-NaidIhizrA - taDAgAiM pAsittA teNaM sAhijjai jahA subuTThozrAsI / 34 sAhu goaraggagayaM vicchaDizraparastapANaM pAsittA teNaM sAhijjai jahA subhikkhe vaTTaI / "

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156 Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana yA mAhendra sambandhI yA aura koI prazasta utpAta - inako dekhakara jaba siddha kiyA jAe ki suvRSTi hogI to yaha anAgatakAlagrahaNa hai / ukta lakSaNoM kA viparyaya dekhane meM Ave to tInoM kAloM ke grahaNa meM bhI viparyaya ho jAtA hai, arthAt atIta kuvRSTi kA, vartamAna durbhikSa kA aura anAgata kuvRSTi kA anumAna hotA hai, yaha bhI anuyogadvAra meM sodAharaNa dikhAyA gayA hai / kAlabheda se tIna prakAra kA anumAna hotA hai, isa mata ko caraka ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai "pratyakSapUrvaM trividhaM trikAlaM cA'numIyate / vahninigUDho dhUmena maithunaM garbhadarzanAt // 21 // evaM vyavasyantyatItaM bIjAt phalamanAgatam / dRSTA bIjAt phalaM jAtamihaiva va sadRzaM budhAH " // 22 // caraka sUtrasthAna zra0 11 anuyogadvAragata atItakAlagrahaNa aura anAgatakAlagrahaNa ke donoM udAharaNa mAThara meM pUrvavat ke udAharaNa rUpa se nirdiSTa haiM, jaba ki svayaM anuyoga ne abhra-vikAra se vRSTi ke anumAna ko zeSavat mAnA hai, tathA nyAyabhASyakArane nadIpUra se bhUtavRSTi ke anumAna ko zeSavat mAnA hai / avayava carcA : anumAna prayoga yA nyAyavAkya ke kitane avayava hone cAhie isa viSaya meM mUla AgamoM meM kucha nahIM kahA gayA hai / kintu AcArya bhadrabAhune dazavakAlikaniryukti meM anumAnacarcA meM nyAyavAkya ke avayavoM kI carcA kI hai / yadyapi saMkhyA ginAte hue unhoMne pAMca " aura daza 19 35 " zrabbhassa nimmalata kasiNA yA girI savijyunA mehA / yaNiyaM vA ubbhAmI saMbhA rattA paNiThThA (ddhA) yA // 1 // vAruNaM vA mahiMdaM vA zraNNayaraM vA pasatyaM upAyaM pAsittA teNaM sAhijjai jahA - suvuTThI bhavissai / " 30 "eesi caiva vivajjAse tivihaM gahaNaM bhavai, taM jahA" ityAdi / 36 daza0 ni0 50 / gA0 86 se 91 / 39 gA0 50 gA0 62 se /

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pramANa-khaNDa 157 avayava hone kI bAta kahI hai kintu anyatra unhoMne mAtra udAharaNa yA hetu aura udAharaNa se bhI arthasiddhi hone kI bAta kahI hai|40 daza avayavoM ko bhI unhoMne do prakAra se ginAyA hai|41 isa prakAra bhadrabAhu ke mata meM anumAnavAkya ke do, tIna, pAMca, daza, daza itane avayava hote haiM / prAcIna vAda-zAsra kA adhyayana karane se patA calatA hai ki prArambha meM kisI sAdhya kI siddhi meM hetu kI apekSA dRSTAMta kI sahAyatA adhikAMza meM lI jAtI rahI hogI / yahI kAraNa hai ki bAda meM jaba hetu kA svarUpa vyApti ke kAraNa nizcita huA aura hetu se hI mukhyarUpa se sAdhyasiddhi mAnI jAne lagI tathA hetu ke sahAyaka rUpa se hI dRSTAnta yA udAharaNa kA upayoga mAnya rahA, taba kevala dRSTAMta ke bala se kI jAne vAlI sAdhya siddhi ko jAtyuttaroM meM samAviSTa kiyA jAne lgaa| yaha sthiti nyAyasUtra meM spaSTa hai / ataeva mAtra udAharaNa se sAdhya siddhi hone kI bhadrabAhu kI bAta kisI prAcIna paraMparA kI ora saMketa karatI hai, yaha mAnanA cAhie / AcArya maitreya ne42 anumAna ke pratijJA, hetu aura dRSTAMta ye tIna avayava mAne haiM / bhadrabAhu ne bhI unhIM tInoM ko nirdiSTa kiyA hai / mAThara aura dignAga ne bhI pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAnta ye tIna hI avayava mAne haiM aura pAMca avayavoM kA matAntara rUpa se ullekha kiyA hai| pAMca avayavoM meM do paramparAe~ haiM-eka mATharanirdiSTa aura prazasta saMmata tathA dUsarI nyAya-sUtrAdi saMmata / bhadrabAhu ne pAMca avayavoM meM nyAya sUtra kI paramparA kA hI anugamana kiyA hai| para daza avayavoM ke viSaya meM bhadrabAhu kA svAtaMtrya spaSTa hai| nyAyabhASyakAra ne bhI daza avayavoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, kintu bhadra bAhunirdiSTa donoM daza prakAroM se vAtsyAyana 8deg gA0 46 / 41 gA0 62 se tathA 137 / 42 J. R. A. S. 1929, P. 476 / 43 prazastapAda ne unhIM pAMca avayavoM ko mAnA hai jinakA nirdeza mAThara ne matAntara rUpa se kiyaa|

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158 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana ke daza prakAra bhinna haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM, ki nyAyavAkya ke daza avayavoM kI tIna paramparAe~ siddha hotI haiN| yaha bAta nIce die jAne vAle nakaze se spaSTa ho jAtI haimaitreya mAThara dignAga prazasta nyAyasUtra nyAyabhASya pratijJA pakSa pakSa pratijJA pratijJA pratijJA pratijJA hetu hetu hetu apadeza hetu hetu hetu dRSTAnta dRSTAnta dRSTAnta nidarzana udAharaNa udAharaNa udAharaNa anusaMdhAna upanaya upanaya upanaya pratyAmnAya nigamana nigamana nigamana jijJAsA saMzaya zakyaprApti prayojana saMzayavyudAsa bhadrabAhu 5 pratijJA pratijJA pratijJA pratijJA pratijJA udAharaNa hetu hetu pratijJAvizuddhi pratijJAvibhakti udAharaNa dRSTAMta hetu upasaMhAra hetuvizuddhi hetuvi0 nigamana dRSTAnta vipakSa dRSTAntavizuddhi pratiSedha upasaMhAra dRSTAMta upasaMhAravizuddhi AzaMkA nigamana tatpratiSedha nigamanavizuddhi nigamana 3 hetu

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hetu carcA : sthAnAMgasUtra meM hetu ke nimnalikhita cAra bheda batAe gae haiM*4. 1. aisA vidhirUpa hetu jisakA sAdhya vidhirUpa ho / 2. aisA vidhirUpa hetu jisakA sAdhya niSedharUpa ho 3. aisA niSedharUpa hetu jisakA sAdhya vidhirUpa ho / 4. aisA niSedharUpa hetu jisakA sAdhya niSedharUpa ho / sthAnAMga nirdiSTa ina hetuoM ke sAtha vaizeSika sUtragata hetuoM kI tulanA ho sakatI hai-- vaizeSika sUtra saMyogI, samavAyI, ekArtha samavAyI 3.1.6 bhUto bhUtasya - 3.1.13 bhUtamabhUtasya - 3.1.12 abhUtaM bhUtasya 3.1.11 kAraNAbhAvAt kAryAbhAva: 1.2.1 Age ke bauddha aura jaina dArzanikoM ne hetuoM ko jo upalabdhi aura anupalabdhi aise do prakAroM meM vibhakta kiyA hai, usake mUla meM vaizeSika sUtra aura sthAnAMganirdiSTa paramparA ho, to Azcarya nahIM / sthAnAMga hetu-sAdhya 1. vidhi - vidhi 2. vidhi - niSedha 3. niSedha - vidhi 4. niSedha - niSedha aupamya carcA: anuyogadvAra - sUtra meM aupamya do prakAra kA hai- 1. sAdharmyApanIta 2. vaidharmyApanIta / sAdhamryopanIta tIna prakAra kA hai1. kiJcitsAdharmyApanIta | 44 pramANa - khaNDa 156 2. prAyaH sAdharmyApanIta | 3. sarvasAdharmyApanIta / "ahavA heU cauvvihe panate taM jahA - pratthitta pratthi so heU 1, pratthitta U 2, NatthitaM pratthi so heU 3, NatthittaM Natthi so heU / "

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160 zrAgama yuga kA jaina-darzana kiJcitsAdhamryopanIta ke udAharaNa haiM / jaisA maMdara - meru hai vaisA sarSapa hai, jaisA sarSapa hai, vaisA maMdara hai; jaisA samudra hai vaisA goSpada hai, jaisA goSpada hai vaisA samudra hai / jaisA Aditya hai vaisA khadyota hai, jaisA khadyota hai vaisA Aditya hai / jaisA candra hai vaisA kumuda hai, jaisA kumuda hai vaisA candra hai / 45 prAyaH sAdharmyApanIta ke udAharaNa haiM / jaisA gau hai vaisA gavaya hai, jaisA gavaya hai va~sA gau hai / 46 sarvasAdharmyApanIta -- vastutaH sarvasAdharmyApamAna ho nahIM sakatA phira bhI kisI vyakti kI usI se upamA kI jAtI hai, yaha vyavahAra dekhakara upamAna kA yaha bheda bhI zAstrakAra ne mAnya rakhA hai / isake udAharaNa batAe haiM ki - arihaMta ne arihaMta jaisA hI kiyA, cakravartI ne cakravartI jaisA hI kiyA ityAdi / 47 vaidhamryopanIta bhI tIna prakAra kA hai1. kiJcidvai 2. prAyovaidharmya 3. sarvavaidharmya 1. kiJcidva dharmya kA udAharaNa diyA hai, ki jaisA zAbaleya hai vaisA bAhuleya nahIM / jaisA bAhuleya hai vaisA zAbaleya nahIM / " 2. prAyovaidharmya kA udAharaNa hai-- jaisA vAyasa hai vaisA pAyasa nahIM hai / jaisA pAyasa hai vaisA vAyasa nahIM hai / 49 3. sarvavaidharmya - saba prakAra se vaidharmya to kisI kA kisI se 6'2 "jahA maMdaro tahA sarisavo, jahA sarisavo tahA maMdaro, jahA samuddo tahA gopyaM. jahA gopyayaM tahA samuddo / jahA zrAicco tahA khajjoto, jahA joto tahA zrAicco, jahA cando tahA kumudo jahA kumudo tahA canvo / " 46 "jahA go tahA gavapro, jahA gavazro tahA go / " 619 16 'savva sAhamme pravamme natthi, tahAvi teNeva tassa zravammaM korai, jahA zrarihateNaM arihaMtasarisaM kayaM" ityAdi - 8 jahA sAmalero na tahA bAhulero, jahA bAhulero na tahA sAmalero / " 0 9 jahA vAyaso na tahA pAyaso, jahA pAyaso na tahA vAyaso / "

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pramANa-khaNDa nahIM hotA / ataeva vastutaH yaha upamAna bana nahIM sakatA, kintu vyavahArAzrita isakA udAharaNa zAstrakAra ne batAyA hai| isameM svakIya se upamA dI jAtI hai| jaise nIca ne nIca jaisA hI kiyA, dAsa ne dAsa jaisA hI kiyA / Adi / zAstrakAra ne sarvavaidharmya kA jo ukta udAharaNa diyA hai, usameM aura sarvasAdharmya ke pUrvokta udAharaNa meM koI bheda nahIM dikhatA / vastutaH prastuta udAharaNa sarvasAdharmya kA ho jAtA hai| nyAya-sUtra meM upamAna parIkSA meM pUrva-pakSa meM kahA gayA hai ki atyanta, prAyaH aura eka deza se jahA~ sAdharmya ho, vahA~ upamAna pramANa ho nahIM sakatA hai, ityAdi / yaha pUrvapakSa anuyogadvAragata sAdhopamAna ke tIna bheda kI kisI pUrva paramparA ko lakSya meM rakha kara hI kiyA gayA hai yaha ukta sUtra kI vyAkhyA dekhane se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| isase phalita yaha hotA hai ki anuyoga kA upamAna varNana kisI prAcIna paraMparAnusArI haiM / 51 Agama-carcA--anuyogadvAra meM Agama ke do bheda kie gae haiM 1. laukika 2. lokottara / 1. laukika Agama meM jainetara zAstroM kA samAveza abhISTa hai| jaise mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa, veda Adi aura 72 kalAzAstroM kA samAveza bhI usI meM kiyA hai| 2. lokottara Agama meM jaina zAstroM kA samAveza hai| laukika AgamoM ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai, ki ajJAnI mithyAdRSTi jIvoM ne apane svacchandamati-vikalpoM se banAe haiN| kintu lokottara-jaina Agama ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki ve sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI puruSoM ne banAe haiM / 50 "savvavehamme provamme natthi tahAvi teNeva tasta provamma kIrai, jahA jIeNa NIgrasarisaM kayaM, dAseNa dAsasarisaM kayaM / " ityAdi / 51 dekho nyAyA0 TippaNI-pRSTha 222-223 /

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162 bhAgama-yuga kA jaina-varzana Agama ke bheda eka anya prakAra se bhI kie gae haiM1. AtmAgama 2. anantarAgama 3. paramparAgama sUtra aura artha kI apekSA se Agama kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| kyoMki yaha mAnA gayA hai, ki tIrthakara artha kA upadeza karate haiM, jaba ki gaNadhara usake AdhAra se sUtra kI racanA karate haiM / ataeva artharUpa Agama svayaM tIrthaMkara ke lie AtmAgama hai aura sUtrarUpa Agama gaNadharoM ke lie AtmAgama hai| artha kA mUla upadeza tIrthaMkara kA hone se gaNadhara ke lie vaha AtmAgama nahIM, kintu gaNadharoM ko hI sAkSAt lakSya karake artha kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| ataeva arthAgama gaNadhara ke liye anantarAgama hai,gaNadhara ziSyoM ke liye artharUpa Agama paramparAgama hai kyoMki tIrthaMkara se gaNadharoM ko prApta huA aura gaNadharoM se ziSyoM ko / sUtrarUpa Agama gaNadhara ziSyoM ke lie anantarAgama hai, kyoMki sUtra kA upadeza gaNadharoM se sAkSAt unako milA hai / gaNadhara ziSyoM ke bAda meM hone vAle AcAryoM ke lie sUtra aura artha ubhayarUpa Agama paramparAgama hI hai AtmAgama, anantarAgama, paramparAgama tIrthaMkara arthAgama gaNadhara sUtrAgama arthAgama gaNadhara-ziSya x sUtrAgama arthAgama gaNadhara-ziSya x ___x sUtrAgama, arthAgama Adi mImAMsaka ke sivAya sabhI dArzanikoM ne Agama ko pauruSeya hI mAnA hai aura sabhI ne apane-apane iSTa puruSa ko hI Apta mAnakara anya ko anApta siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| antataH sabhI ko dUsaroM ke sAmane Agama kA prAmANya anumAna aura yukti se Agamokta bAtoM kI saMgati dikhAkara sthApita karanA hI par3atA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki niyuktikAra ne Agama ko svayaMsiddha mAnakara bhI hetu aura udAharaNa kI AvazyakatA, Agamokta bAtoM kI siddhi ke lie svIkAra kI hai

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11 "jiNavayaNaM siddha caiva bhaNNae katthaI udAharaNaM / prAsajja u soyAraM heU vi karhici bhaNNejjA // yazavaM0 ni0 46 pramANa -khaNDa kisa puruSa kA banAyA huA zAstra Agama rUpa se pramANa mAnA jAe isa viSaya meM jainoM ne apanA jo abhimata Agamika kAla meM sthira kiyA hai, use bhI batA denA Avazyaka hai / sarvadA yaha to saMbhava nahIM ki tIrtha pravartaka aura unake gaNadhara maujUda raheM aura zaMkA sthAnoM kA samAdhAna karate raheM / isI AvazyakatA meM se hI tadatirikta puruSoM ko bhI pramANa mAnane kI paramparA ne janma liyA aura gaNadhara -praNIta AcArAMga Adi aMgazAstroM ke alAvA sthavirapraNIta anya zAstra bhI AgamAntargata hokara aMgabAhya rUpa se pramANa mAne jAne lage "sutta gaNadharakathidaM taheva patta yabuddhakathidaM ca / sukevalirA kathidaM zrabhiNNadasa puvvakathidaM ca // 52 163 isa gAthA ke anusAra gaNadhara kathita ke alAvA pratyekabuddha zrutakevalI aura dazapUrvI ke dvArA kathita bhI sUtra Agama meM antarbhUta hai / pratyekabuddha sarvajJa hone se unakA vacana pramANa hai / jaina paramparA ke anusAra aMgabAhya granthoM kI racanA sthavira karate haiM / aise sthavira do prakAra ke hote haiM / sampUrNa zrutajJAnI aura kama se kama dazapUrvI / sampUrNa zrutajJAnI ko caturdazapUrvI zrutakevalI kahate haiM / zrutakevalI gaNadhara praNIta saMpUrNa dvAdazAMgIrUpa jinAgama ke sUtra aura artha ke viSaya meM nipuNa hote haiM / ataeva unakI aisI yogyatA mAnya hai, ki ve jo kucha kaheMge yA likheMge usakA dvAdazAGgI rUpa jinAgama ke sAtha kucha bhI virodha ho nahIM sakatA / jinokta viSayoM kA saMkSepa yA vistAra karake tatkAlIna samAja ke anukUla grantha racanA karanA hI unakA prayojana hotA hai: prataeva saMgha ne aise granthoM ko sahaja hI meM jinAgamAntargata kara liyA hai, inakA prAmANya 52. mUlAcAra 5. 80 / jayaghavalA TIkA meM uddhata hai pR0 153 / oghaniryukti kI TIkA meM vaha uddhata hai pR0 3 // 53. vizeSA 0 550 / bRhat0 114 / tatvArthabhA0 1.20 / sarvArtha0 1.20 /

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164 prAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana svatantra bhAva se nahIM, kintu gaNadharapraNIta Agama ke sAtha avisaMvAda ke kAraNa hai| __ kAlakrama se jaina saMgha meM vIra ni0 170 varSa ke bAda zruta kevalI kA bhI abhAva ho gayA aura kevala dazapUrvadhara hI raha gae, taba unakI vizeSa yogyatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara jaina saMgha ne dazapUrvadharagrathita granthoM ko bhI Agama meM zAmila kara liyaa| ina granthoM kA bhI prAmANya svatantrabhAva se nahIM, kintu gaNadharapraNIta Agama ke sAtha avirodhamUlaka hai| jainoM kI mAnyatA hai ki caturdazapUrvadhara ve hI sAdhaka ho sakate haiM, jinameM niyamata: samyagdarzana hotA hai / 54 ataeva unake granthoM meM Agama virodhI bAtoM kI saMbhAvanA hI nahIM hai| __Age calakara aise kaI Adeza jinakA samarthana kisI zAstra se nahIM hotA hai, kintu jo sthaviroM ne apanI pratibhA ke bala se kisI viSaya meM dI huI saMmatimAtra haiM, unakA samAveza bhI aMgabAhya Agama meM kara liyA gayA hai / itanA hI nahIM kucha muktakoM ko bhI usI meM sthAna prApta hai / ____ abhI taka hamane Agama ke prAmANya-aprAmANya kA jo vicAra kiyA hai. vaha vaktA kI dRSTi se / arthAt kisa vaktA ke vacana ko vyavahAra meM sarvathA pramANa mAnA jaae| kintu Agama ke prAmANya yA aprAmANya kA eka dUsarI dRSTi se bhI arthAt zrotA kI dRSTi se bhI AgamoM meM vicAra huA hai, use bhI batA denA Avazyaka hai| zabda to nirjIva haiM aura sabhI sAMketika artha ke pratipAdana kI yogyatA rakhate haiN| ataeva sarvArthaka bhI haiN| aisI sthiti meM nizcaya dRSTi se vicAra karane para zabda kA prAmANya jaisA mImAMsaka mAnatA hai svataH nahIM kintu prayoktA ke guNa ke kAraNa siddha hotA hai / itanA hI nahIM 54. bRhat0 132 / 55. bRhat 144 aura usakI pAdaTIpa / vizeSA0 550 /

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pramANa-khaNDa 165 balki zrotA yA pAThaka ke kAraNa bhI prAmANya yA aprAmANya kA nirNaya karanA par3atA hai / ataeva yaha Avazyaka ho jAtA hai, ki vaktA aura zrotA donoM kI dRSTi se Agama ke prAmANya kA vicAra kiyA jaae| zAstra kI racanA niSprayojana nahIM, kintu zrotA ko abhyudaya aura niHzreyasa mArga kA pradarzana karane kI dRSTi se hI hai---yaha sarvasaMmata hai| kintu zAstra kI upakArakatA yA anupakArakatA mAtra zabdoM para nirbhara na hokara zrotA kI yogyatA para bhI nirbhara hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki eka hI zAstravacana ke nAnA aura paraspara virodhI artha nikAla kara dArzanika loga nAnA matavAda khar3e kara dete haiN| eka bhagavadagItA yA eka hI brahmasUtra kitane virodhI vAdoM kA mUla banA huA hai| ataH zrotA kI dRSTi se kisI eka grantha. ko niyamataH samyak yA mithyA kahanA yA kisI eka grantha ko hI Agama kahanA, nizcaya dRSTi se bhramajanaka hai / yahI socakara mUla dhyeya mukti kI pUrti meM sahAyaka aise sabhI zAstroM ko jainAcAryoM ne samyak yA pramANa kahA haiN| yaha vyApaka dRSTi bindu AdhyAtmika dRSTi se jaina paraMparA meM pAyA jAtA hai| isa dRSTi ke anusAra vedAdi saba zAstra jainoM ko mAnya haiN| jisa jIva kI zraddhA samyaka haiM, usake sAmane koI bhI zAstra A jAe vaha usakA upayoga mokSa mArga ko prazasta banAne meM hI kregaa| ataeva usake lie saba zAstra prAmANika haiM, samyak haiM kintu jisa jIva kI zraddhA hI viparIta hai, yAnI. jise mukti kI kAmanA hI nahIM usake lie vedAdi to kyA tathAkathita jainAgama bhI mithyA hai, apramANa haiN| isa dRSTi vindu meM satya kA Agraha hai sAMpradAyika kadAgRha nahIM-'bhArahaM rAmAyaNaM...cattAri ya veyA saMgovaMgA-eyAI micchAdihissa micchattaparigahiyAI micchAsuyaM / eyAI ceva sammadihissa sammattapariggahiyAI sammasuyaM-naMdI-41 /

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samyak - zrutasya mithyAtvaM, mithyAdRSTi - parigrahAt / mithyA - zrutasya samyaktvaM, samyagdRSTi - parigrahAt / na samudro' samudro vA, samudrAMzo yathocyate / pramANaM vA, pramAzAMzastathA nayaH // nApramANaM -nayopadeza

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vAda-vidyA-khaNDa

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cAra jaina AgamoM meM vAda aura vAda-vidyA : 1. vAda kA mahattva- jaina dharma AcAra pradhAna hai, kintu deza-kAla kI paristhiti kA asara usake Upara na ho, yaha kaise ho sakatA hai ? svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra ko apanI dharmadRSTi kA pracAra karane ke lie apane caritra-bala ke alAvA vAgbala kA prayoga karanA par3A hai| taba unake anuyAyI mAtra caritra-bala ke sahAre jainadharma kA pracAra aura sthApana kareM, yaha saMbhava nhiiN| __ bhagavAn mahAvIra kA to yuga hI, aisA mAlUma detA hai ki, jijJAsA kA thA / loga jijJAsA-tRpti ke lie idhara-udhara ghUmate rahe aura jo bhI milA usase prazna pUchate rhe| loga kore karma-kANDa-yajJayAgAdi se haTa karake tattvajijJAsu hote jA rahe the| ve akasara kisI kI bAta ko tabhI mAnate, jabaki vaha tarka kI kasauTI para kharI utare arthAt ahetuvAda ke sthAna meM hetuvAda kA mahattva bar3hatA jA rahA thaa| aneka loga apane Apako tattva-draSTA batAte the, aura apane tattva-darzana ko logoM meM phailAne ke lie utsukatApUrvaka idhara se udhara vihAra karate the aura upadeza dete the, yA jijJAsu svayaM aise logoM kA nAma sunakara una ke pAsa jAtA thA aura nAnAvidha prazna pUchatA thaa| jijJAsu ke sAmane nAnA matavAdoM aura samarthaka yuktiyoM kI dhArA bahatI rahatI thii| kabhI jijJAsu una matoM kI tulanA apane Apa karatA thA, to kabhI tattvadraSTA hI dUsaroM ke mata kI truTi dikhA karake apane mata ko zreSTha siddha karate rahe / aise hI vAda prativAda meM se vAda ke niyamopaniyamoM kA vikAsa hokara kramazaH vAda kA bhI eka zAstra bana gyaa| nyAya-sUtra, caraka yA prAcIna bauddha tarkazAstra meM vAdazAstra kA jo vikasita rUpa dekhA jAtA hai, usakI pUrva bhUmikA jaina Agama aura bauddhapiTakoM meM vidyamAna hai / upaniSadoM meM vAda

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170 Agama-yuga kA jana-darzana vivAda to bahuta hai kintu una vAda-vivAdoM ke pIche kauna se niyama kAma kara rahe haiM, isakA ullekha nahIM / ataeva vAdavidyA ke niyamoM kA prAcIna rUpa dekhanA ho, to jainAgama aura bauddha pAli tripiTaka hI kI zaraNa lenI par3atI hai / isI se vAda aura vAdazAstra ke padArthoM ke viSaya meM jaina Agama kA AzrayaNa kara ke kucha likhanA aprastuta na hogA / aisA karane se yaha jJAta ho sakegA, ki vAdazAstra pahile kaisA avyavasthita thA aura kisa taraha bAda meM vyavasthita huA tathA jaina dArzanikoM ne apane hI Agamagata padArthoM se kyA chor3A aura kise kisa rUpa meM kAyama rakhA / kathA - sAhitya aura kathApaddhati ke vaidika, bauddha aura jainaparaMparAgata vikAsa kI rUparekhA kA citraNa' paMNDita sukhalAlajI ne vistAra se kiyA hai / vizeSa jijJAsuoM ko usI ko dekhanA cAhie / prastuta meM jaina Agama ko kendra rakhakara hI kathA yA vAda meM upayukta aise kucha padArthoM kA nirUpaNa karanA iSTa hai / zramaNa aura brAhmaNa apane-apane mata kI puSTi karane ke lie virodhiyoM ke sAtha vAda karate hue aura yuktiyoM ke bala se prativAdI ko parAsta karate hue bauddhapiTakoM meM dekhe jAte haiM / jainAgama meM bhI prativAdiyoM ke sAtha hue zramaNoM, zrAvakoM aura svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vAdoM kA varNana AtA hai / upAsakadazAMga meM gozAlaka ke upAsaka saddAlaputta ke sAtha niyativAda ke viSaya meM hue bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vAda kA atyaMta rocaka varNana hai-- adhya0 7 / usI sUtra meM usI viSaya meM kuMDakolika aura eka deva ke bIca hue vAda kA bhI varNana hai - a0 6 / jIva aura zarIra bhinna haiM, isa viSaya meM pAzrvAnuyAyI kezIzramaNa aura nAstika rAjA paesI kA vAda rAyapaseNaiya sUtra meM nirdiSTa hai / aisA hI vAda bauddhapiTaka ke dIghanikAya meM pAyAsIsuta meM bhI nirdiSTa hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM Arya addakA aneka matavAdiyoM ke sAtha nAnAmantavyoM ke viSaya meM jo vAda huA hai, usakA varNana hai-- sUtrakRtAMga 2.6 / purAtatva 2. 3. meM 'kathApaddhatinu svarUpa ane tenA sAhityanuM vigdarzana' tathA pramANamImAMsA bhASA TippaNa pR0 108 - 124 // 1

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vAda-vidyA-khaNDa 171 bhagavatI-sUtra meM loka kI zAzvatatA aura azAzvatatA, sAntatA aura anantatA ke viSaya meM, jIva kI sAntatA, anantatA, ekatA anekatA Adi ke viSaya meM, karma svakRta hai, parakRta hai ki ubhayakRta haikriyamANa kRta hai ki nahIM, ityAdi viSaya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anya tIthikoM ke sAtha hue vAdoM kA tathA jaina zramaNoM ke anya tIthikoM ke sAtha hue vAdoM kA vistRta varNana pada pada-para milatA hai--dekho skaMdhaka, jamAlI Adi kI kthaaeN| uttarAdhyayanagata pAzrvAnuyAyI kezIzramaNa aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSya gaNadhara gautama ke bIca huA jaina-AcAra viSayaka vAda suprasiddha hai-adhyayana-23 / . bhagavatI sUtra meM bhI pAzrvAnuyAyiyoM ke sAtha mahAvIra ke zrAvaka aura zramaNoM ke vAdoM kA ullekha aneka sthAnoM para hai-bhagavatI-1.6; 2.5; 5. 6; 6.32 / sUtrakRtAMga meM gautama aura pArvAnuyAyI udaka peDhAlaputta kA vAda bhI suprasiddha hai--sUya0 2.7 / guru ziSya ke bIca hone vAlA vAda vItarAga kathA kahI jAtI hai, kyoMki usameM jaya-parAjaya ko avakAza nahIM / isa vItarAga kathA se to jainaAgama bhare par3e haiM / kintu vizeSataH isake lie bhagavatI sUtra dekhanA caahie| usameM bhagavAna ke pradhAna ziSya gautama ne mukhya rUpa se tathA prasaMgataH aneka anya ziSyoM ne aneka viSayoM meM bhagavAna se prazna pUche haiM aura bhagavAna ne aneka hetuoM aura dRSTAMtoM ke dvArA unakA samAdhAna kiyA hai| ita saba vAdoM se spaSTa hai, ki jaina zramaNoM aura zrAvakoM meM vAda kalA ke prati upekSAbhAva nahIM thaa| itanA hI nahIM, kintu dharma pracAra ke sAdhana rUpa se vAda-kalA kA paryApta mAtrA meM mahattva thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke RddhiprApta ziSyoM kI gaNanA meM vAda-pravINa ziSyoM kI pRthak gaNanA kI hai| itanA hI nahIM, kintu sabhI tIrthakaroM ke ziSyoM kI gaNanA meM vAdiyoM kI saMkhyA pRthak batalAne kI prathA ho gaI

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172 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSyoM meM vAdo kI saMkhyA batAte hue sthAnAMga meM kahA hai ''samaNassa NaM bhagavao mahAvIrassa cattArisayA vAdINaM sadevamaNuyAsurAte parisAte aparAjiyANaM ukkositA vAdisaMpayA hutthA''sthAnAMga 382 / yahI bAta kalpasUtra meM (sU0.142) bhI hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM jina nava prakAra ke nipuNa puruSoM ko ginAyA hai unameM bhI vAda-vidyAvizArada kA sthAna hai--sU0 676 / dharmapracAra meM vAda mukhya sAdhana hone se vAda-vidyA meM kuzala aise vAdI sAdhuoM ke lie AcAra ke kaThora niyama bhI mRdu banAe jAte the| isakI sAkSI jainazAstra dete haiN| jaina AcAra ke anusAra zarIra zucitA parihArya hai| sAdhu snAnaAdi zarIra-saMskAra nahIM kara sakatA, isI prakAra snigdha-bhojana kI bhI manAI hai| tapasyA ke samaya to aura bhI rUkSa bhojana kA vidhAna hai / sApha-suthare kapar3e pahananA bhI anivArya nahIM / para koI pArihArika tapasvI sAdhU vAdI ho aura kisI sabhA meM vAda ke lie jAnA par3e, taba bhI sabhA kI dRSTi se aura jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA kI daSTi se use apanA niyama madu karanA par3atA hai, taba vaha aisA kara letA hai| kyoMki yadi vaha sabhA-yogya zarIra saMskAra nahIM kara letA,to virodhiyoM ko jugupsA kA eka avasara mila jAtA hai| malinavastroM kA prabhAva bhI sabhAjanoM para acchA nahIM par3atA, ataeva vaha sApha suthare kapar3e pahana kara sabhA meM jAtA hai| rUkSabhojana karane se buddhi kI tIvratA meM kamI na ho isalie vAda karane ke prasaMga meM praNIta arthAt snigdha bhojana lekara apanI buddhi ko sattvazAlI banAne kA yatna karatA hai / ye saba sakAraNa ApavAdika pratisevanA haiM / prasaMga pUrNa ho jAne para guru use avidhi pUrvaka apavAda-sevana ke lie halakA prAyazcitta dekara zuddha kara detA hai| 2 kalpasUtra sU0 165 ityAdi / 3 "pAyA vA vaMtAsiyA udhoyA, vA buddhihetu va paNIyabhattaM / taM vAtigaM vA maisattahera samAjayA sicayaM va sukaM / ' vRhatkalpabhASya 6035 /

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vAda-vidyA-khaNDa 173 sAmAnyata: niyama hai, ki sAdhu apane gaNa-gaccha ko chor3akara anyatra na jAe, kintu jJAna-darzana aura caritra kI vRddhi kI dRSTi se apane guru ko pUcha kara dusare gaNa meM jA sakatA hai / darzana ko lakSya meM rakhakara anya gaNa meM jAne ke prasaMga meM spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai, ki yadi svagaNa meM darzana prabhAvaka zAstra (sanmatyAdi) kA koI jJAtA na ho, to jisa gaNa meM usakA jJAtA ho, vahA~ jAkara par3ha sakatA hai / itanA hI nahIM, kintu dUsare AcArya ko apanA guru yA upAdhyAya kA sthAna bhI hetu-vidyA ke lie de, to anucita nahIM samajhA jaataa| aisA karane ke pahale Avazyaka hai, ki vaha apane guru yA upAdhyAya kI AjJA le le| bRhatkalpabhASya meM kahA hai ki "vijjAmaMtanimitte heU satthaTTa dasaNaDhAe" bRhatkalpabhASya gA0 5473 / arthAt darzana prabhAvanA kI dRSTi se vidyA-mantra-nimitta aura hetu zAstra ke adhyayana ke lie koI sAdhu dUsare AcAryopAdhyAya ko bhI apanA AcArya vA upAdhyAya banA sakatA hai| athavA jaba koI ziSya dekhatA hai, ki tarka-zAstra meM usa ke guru kI gati na hone se dUsare mata vAle una se vAda karake una tarkAnabhijJa guru ko nIcA girAne kA prayatna karate haiM, taba vaha guru kI anujJA lekara gaNAntara meM tarkavidyA meM nipuNa hone ke lie jAtA hai yA svayaM guru use bhejate haiN|" anta meM vaha tarka nipuNa hokara prativAdiyoM ko harAtA hai aura isa prakAra darzanaprabhAvanA karatA hai / ___ yadi kisI kAraNa se AcArya dUsare gaNa meM jAne kI anujJA na dete hoM, taba bhI darzana prabhAvanA kI dRSTi se binA AjJA ke bhI vaha dUsare gaNa meM jAkara vAdavidyA meM kuzalatA prApta kara sakatA hai| sAmAnyataH anya AcArya binA AjJA ke Ae hue ziSya ko svIkAra nahIM kara sakate kintu aise prasaMga meM vaha bhI use svIkAra karake darzana prabhAvanA kI dRSTi se tarka-vidyA par3hAne ke lie bAdhya ho jAte haiN| 4 vahI 5425 / " vahI 5426-27 / 6 vahI gA0 5436 /

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174 prAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana binA kAraNa zramaNa ratha-yAtrA meM nahIM jA sakatA aisA niyama hai| kyoMki ratha-yAtrA meM zAmila hone se aneka prakAra ke doSa lagate haiM(bRhat gA0 1771 se ) / kintu kAraNa ho, to ratha-yAtrA meM avazya jAnA cAhie, yaha apavAda hai / yadi nahIM jAtA hai, to prAyazcittabhAgI hotA hai, aisA spaSTa vidhAna hai-- "kAraNeSu tu samutpanneSu praveSTavyam yadi na pravizati tadA catvAro laghavaH / " bRhat0 TI0 gA0 1786 / ratha-yAtrA meM jAne ke aneka kAraNoM ko ginAte hue bRhatkalpa ke bhASya meM kahA gayA hai ki "mA paravAI vigdhaM karijja vAI prazro visai // 1762 // " arthAt koI paradarzana kA vAdI ratha-yAtrA meM vighna na kare isalie vAdavidyA meM kuzala vAdI zramaNa ko ratha yAtrA meM avazya jAnA caahie| una ke jAne se kyA lAbha hotA hai, use batAte hue kahA hai "navadhammANa thiratta pabhAvaNA sAsaNe ya bhumaayo| abhigacchanti ya vidusA avigdhapUyA ya seyAe // 1763 // " vAdI zramaNa ke dvArA prativAdI kA jaba nigraha hotA hai, taba abhinava zrAvaka anya dhArmikoM kA parAbhava dekhakara jainadharma meM dRDha ho jAte haiN| jainadharma kI prabhAvanA hotI hai| loga kahane laga jAte haiM, ki jaina siddhAMta apratihata hai, isIlie aise samartha vAdI ne use apanAyA hai| dUsare loga bhI vAda ko sunakara jainadharma ke prati Adara-zIla hote haiM / vAdI kA vaidagdhya dekhakara dUsare vidvAn una ke pAsa Ane lagate haiM aura dhIre-dhIre jainadharma ke anuyAyI ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra ina AnuSaMgika lAbhoM ke alAvA ratha-yAtrA meM zreyaskara pUjA kI nirvighnatA kA lAbha bhI hai / ataeva vAdI ko rathayAtrA meM avazya jAnA caahie| nimnalikhita zloka meM dharma prabhAvakoM meM vAdI ko bhI sthAna milA hai| ___ "prAvacanI dharmakathI vAdI naimittikastapasvI ca / jinavacanajJazca kaviH pravacanamudbhAvayantyete // * gA0 1760 / 8 bRhata0 TI0 gA0 1768 meM uddhata /

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vAda-vidhA-khaNDa 175 kabhI-kabhI dhyAna evaM svAdhyAya chor3akara aise vAdiyoM ko vAda-kathA meM hI laganA par3atA thA, jisase ve parezAna bhI the aura gaccha chor3akara kisI ekAnta sthAna meM jAne kI ve socate the| aisI sthiti meM guru una para pratibandha lagAte the, ki mata jaao| phira bhI ve svacchanda hokara gaccha ko chor3akara cale jAte the| aisA bRhatkalpa ke bhASya se patA calatA haigA0 5661,5667 ityAdi / 2. kathA : sthAnAMga sUtra meM kathA ke tIna bheda batAe haiN| ve ye haiM "tivihA kahA-pratthakahA, pammakahA, kaam-khaa|" sU0 186 / ina tInoM meM dharmakathA hI yahA~ prastuta hai| sthAnAMga meM (sU0 282) dharma-kathA ke bhedopabhedoM kA jo varNana hai, usakA sAra nIce diyA jAtA hai| dharmakathA 1 AkSepaNI 2 vikSepaNI 3 saMvejanI 1 AcArAkSe0 1 svasamaya kaha 1 ihalokasaM0 2 vyavahArA0 kara parasamaya kathana 2 paralokasaM0 3 prajJapti 2 parasamaya kathanapUrvaka 3 svazarIrasaM0 4 dRSTivAda svasamaya sthApana 4 parazarIrasaM0 3 samyagvAda ke kathanapUrvaka mithyAvAdakathana 4 mithyAvAdakathanapUrvaka samyagvAda sthApana 4. nivedanI 1. ihaloka meM kie duzcarita kA phala isI loka meM duHkhadAyI 2. , , paraloka meM 3. paraloka meM isa loka meM , , paraloka meM

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176 prAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana isI prakAra sucarita kI bhI catubhaMgI hotI hai / ina meM se vAda ke sAtha sambandha prathama kI do dharmakathAoM kA hai| saMvejanI aura nivedanI kathA to vahI hai, jo guru apane ziSya ko saMvega aura nirveda kI vRddhi ke lie upadeza detA hai / AkSepaNI kathA ke jo bheda haiM, unase pratIta hotA hai, ki yaha guru aura ziSya ke bIca honevAlI dharmakathA hai,use jainaparibhASA meM vItarAga kathA aura nyAyazAstra ke anusAra tattvabubhutsu-kathA kahA jA sakatA hai| isameM AcArAdi viSaya meM ziSya kI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna AcArya karate haiM / arthAt AcArAdi ke viSaya meM jo AkSepa hote hoM, unakA samAdhAna guru karatA hai / kintu vikSepaNI kathA meM svasamaya aura parasamaya donoM kI carcA hai| yaha kathA guru aura ziSya meM ho, taba to vaha vItarAgakathA hI hai, para yadi jayArthI prativAdI ke sAtha kathA ho, taba vaha vAda-kathA yA vivAda kathA meM samAviSTa hai / vikSepaNI ke pahale prakAra kA tAtparya yaha jAna par3atA hai, ki vAdI prathama apane pakSa kI sthApanA karake prativAdI ke pakSa meM doSodbhAvana karatA hai / dUsarA prakAra prativAdI ko lakSya meM rakhakara kiyA gayA jAna par3atA hai / kyoMki usameM parapakSa kA nirAsa aura bAda meM svapakSa kA sthApana hai / arthAt vaha vAdI ke pakSa kA nirAkaraNa karake apane pakSa kI sthApanA karatA hai / tIsarI aura cauthI vikSepaNI kathA kA tAtparya TIkAkAra ne jo batAyA hai, usase yaha jAna par3atA hai ki vAdI prativAdI ke siddhAnta meM jitanA samyagaMza ho, usako svIkAra karake mithyAMza kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai aura prativAdI bhI aisA hI karatA hai| nizIthabhASya ke paMcama uddezaka meM (pR0 76) kathA ke bheda batAte hue kahA hai-- "vAdo jappa vitaMDA pAiNNagakahA ya NicchayakahA ya / " isase pratIta hotA hai, ki TokA ke yuga meM anyatra prasiddha vAda, jalpa aura vitaNDA ne bhI kathA meM sthAna pA liyA thA / kintu isakI vizeSacarcA yahA~ prastuta nahIM / itanA hI prastuta hai, ki mUla Agama meM ina kathAoM ne jalpaAdi nAmoM se sthAna nahIM pAyA hai /

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vAda-vidyA-khaNDa 177 3. vivAda : sthAnAMga sUtra meM vivAda ke chaha prakAroM kA nirdeza hai chavihe vivAde paM0 20 1 prosakkatittA, 2 ussakkaittA, 3 aNulomaittA, 4 paDilomaittA, 5 bhaittA, 6 melittaa|" sU0 512. ye vivAda ke prakAra nahIM hai, kintu vAdI aura prativAdI vijaya ke lie kaisI-kaisI tarakIba kiyA karate the, isI kA nirdeza mAtra haiN| TIkAkAra ne prastuta meM vivAda kA artha jalpa kiyA hai, vaha ThIka hI hai / jaise ki 1. niyata samaya meM yadi vAdI kI vAda karane ke lie taiyArI na ho, to vaha bahAnA banAkara sabhA sthAna se khisaka jAtA hai yA prativAdI ko khisakA detA hai, jisase vAda meM vilamba hone ke kAraNa use taiyArI kA samaya mila jAe / 2. jaba vAdI apane jaya kA avasara dekha letA hai, taba vaha svayaM utsukatA se bolane lagatA hai yA prativAdI ko utsuka banAkara vAda kA zIghra prArambha karA detA hai / 3. vAdI sAmanIti se vivAdAdhyakSa ko apane anukUla banAkara vAda kA prArambha karatA hai yA prativAdI ko anukUla banAkara vAda prArambha kara detA hai, aura vAda meM par3a jAne ke bAda use harAtA hai / caraka ke isa vAkya ke sAtha uparyukta donoM vivAdoM kI tulanA karanA cAhie "parasya sAdguNyadoSabalamavekSitavyam, samavekSya ca yatranaM zreSThaM manyeta nAsya tatra jalpaM yojayed anAviSkRtamayogaM kurvan / yatra tvenamavaraM manyeta. tatraivenamAzu nigRhNIyAt / " vimAnasthAna pra0 8. sU0 21 / __Upara TIkAkAra ke anusAra artha kiyA hai, kintu caraka ko dekhate hue yaha artha kiyA jA sakatA hai ki jisameM apanI ayogyatA ho usa bAta ko TAla denA aura jisameM sAmane vAlA ayogya ho usI meM vivAda krnaa| 1deg caraka meM sandhAya saMbhASA vItarAga-kathA ko kahA hai| usakA dUsarA nAma anuloma saMbhASA bhI usameM hai / vimAnasthAna pra0 8. sa0 16 / prastuta meM TIkAkAra ke anusAra artha kiyA gayA hai kintu saMbhava hai, ki aNulomaittA-isakA sambandha carakakI aNulomasandhAya saMbhASA ke sAtha ho / carakakRta vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai

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178 prAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana 4. yadi vAdI dekhatA hai ki vaha prativAdI ko harAne meM sarvathA samartha hai, taba vaha sabhApati aura prativAdI ko anukUla banAne kI apekSA pratikUla hI banAtA haiM aura prativAdI ko harAtA hai / 5. adhyakSa kI sevA kara ke kiyA jAne vAlA vAda / 6. apane pakSapAtI sabhyoM se adhyakSa kA mela karAke yA prativAdI ke prati adhyakSa ko dveSI banAkara kiyA jAne vAlA vAda / vAdI vAda prArambha hone ke pahale jo prapaJca karatA hai, usake sAtha antima do vivAdoM kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai / aise prapaJca kA jikra caraka meM ina zabdoM meM hai "prAgeva tAvadidaM kartuM yatate sandhAya pariSadA'yanabhUtamAtmanaH prakaraNamAdezayitavyam, yadvA parasya bhRzadurga syAt pakSam, athavA pararaya bhRzaM vimukhamAnayet / pariSadi copasaMhitAyAmazakyamasmAbhivakta m eva te pariSad yatheSTaM yathAbhiprAyaM vAdaM vAdamaryAdAM ca sthApayiSyatItyuktvA tUSNImAsIta / " vimAnasthAna pra0 8. sU0 25 / / 4 vAdadoSa-sthAnAMga-sUtra meM jo daza doSa ginAe gae haiM, unakA bhI sambandha vAda-kathA se hai| ataeva yahA~ una dopoM kA nirdeza karanA Avazyaka hai "dasavihe dose paM0 20 1 tajjAtadose, 2 matibhaMgadose, 3 pasatthAradose, 4 pariharaNadose / tatra jJAnavijJAnavacanaprativacanazaktisaMpanna nAkopanenAnuparakRta vidyenAnasUyakenAnu* neyenAnunayakovidena kleshkssmer| priyasaMbhASaNena ca saha sandhAyasaMbhASA vidhIyate / tathAvidhena saha kathayan vizrabdhaH kathayet pRcchedapi ca vizrabdhaH, pRcchate cAsmai vizrabdhAya vizavamayaM brUyAt, na ca nigrahamayAduhijeta nigRhya cainaM na hRSyet, na ca pareSu vikattheta na ca mohAdekAntagrAhI syAta, na cAviditamarthamanuvarNayet samyak cAnunayenAnunayen, tatra cAvahitaH syAt / iti anulomasaMbhASAvidhaH / " carakako vigRhya-saMbhASA ko sthAnAMgagata pratiloma se tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| kyoMki caraka ke anusAra vigRhyasaMbhASA apane se hIna yA apanI barAbarI karane vAle ke sAtha hI karanA cAhie, zreSTha se kabhI nhiiN| "ete hi guruziSyayoH vAdiprativAdinorvA vAdAzrayA iva lakSyante" sthAnAMgasUtraTIkA0 sU. 743 /

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vAda-vidyA-khaNDa 5 salakkhaNa, 6kkAraNa, 7 heudose 8 saMkAmaNaM, 6 niggaha, 10 vatyudose ||" sU0 743 / 1 prativAdI ke kula kA nirdeza karake vAda meM dUSaNa denA / yA prativAdI kI pratibhA se kSobha hone ke kAraNa vAdI kA cupa ho jAnA tajjAtadoSa hai / 2 vAda prasaMga meM prativAdI yA vAdi kA smRtibhraMza matibhaMga doSa hai / 176 3 vAda prasaMga meM sabhya yA sabhApati pakSapAtI hokara jayadAna kare yA kisI ko sahAyatA de to vaha prazAstRdoSa hai / 4 sabhA ke niyama ke viruddha calanA yA dUSaNa kA parihAra jAtyuttara se karanA pariharaNa doSa hai / 5 ativyApti Adi doSa svalakSaNa doSa haiM / 6 yuktidoSa kAraNadoSa kahalAtA hai / 7 asiddhAdi hetvAbhAsa hetudoSa haiM / pratijJAntara karanA saMkramaNa hai yA prativAdI ke pakSa kA svIkAra karanA saMkramaNa doSa hai / TIkAkAra ne isakA aisA bhI artha kiyA hai ki prastuta prameya kI carcA ko chor3a aprastUta prameya kI carcA karanA saMkramaNa doSa hai / chalAdi ke dvArA prativAdI ko nigRhIta karanA nigraha doSa hai / 10 pakSadoSa ko vastudoSa kahA jAtA hai jaise pratyakSanirAkRta Adi / inameM se prAyaH sabhI doSoM kA varNana nyAyazAstra meM spaSTa rUpa se ataeva vizeSa vivecana kI AvazyakatA nahIM / huA hai 5 vizeSa doSa - sthAnAMga sUtra meM vizeSa ke daza prakAra 12 ginAe gaye 52 "dasavidhe visese paM0 taM vatthU 1 tajjAta dose 2 ta dose egaTTiteti 3 ta / kAraNe 4 ta paDuppaNNe 5, dose 6 nicce 7 hi zrame 8 // 1 // prattaNA 6 ubagote 10 ta viseseti ta, te dasa / " sthAnAMga sUtra0 743 /

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180 prAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana haiM unakA saMbandha bhI doSa se hI hai aisA TIkAkAra kA abhiprAya hai / mUlakAra kA abhiprAya kyA hai kahA nahIM jA sktaa| TIkAkAra ne una dasa prakAra ke vizeSa kA jo varNana kiyA hai vaha isa prakAra hai 1. vastudoSavizeSa se matalaba hai pakSadoSavizeSa, jaise pratyakSanirAkRta, anumAnanirAkRta, pratItinirAkRta, svavacananirAkRta, aura lokarUDhinirAkRta / . 2. janma marma karma Adi vizeSoM ko lekara kisI ko vAda meM dUSaNa denA tajjAtadoSavizeSa hai| 3. pUrvokta matibhaMgAdi jo ATha doSa ginAe haiM ve bhI doSasAmAnya kI apekSA se doSavizeSa hone se doSavizeSa kahe jAte haiM / 4. ekAthikavizeSa arthAt paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM jo kathaJcid bheda vizeSa hotA hai vaha, athavA eka hI artha kA bodha karAne vAle zabda vizeSa 13 5. kAraNavizeSa--pariNAmikAraNa aura apekSA kAraNa ye kAraNavizeSa haiN| athavA upAdAna, nimitta, sahakAri, ye kAraNa vizeSa haiM / athavA kAraNadoSavizeSa kA matalaba hai yukti doSa / doSa sAmAnya kI apekSA se yukti doSa yaha eka vizeSa doSa hai / 6. vastuM ko pratyutpanna hI mAnane para jo doSa ho vaha pratyutpanna doSa vizeSa hai| jaise akRtAbhyAgama kRtavipraNAzAdi / 7. jo doSa sarvadA ho vaha nitya dopa vizeSa hai jaise abhavya meM mithyAtvAdi / athavA vastu ko sarvathA nitya mAnane para jo doSa ho vaha nityadoSavizeSa hai| 8. adhikadopavizeSa vaha hai jo pratipatti ke liye anAvazyaka aise avayavoM kA prayoga hone para hotA hai| * isa doSa ke mUlakArakA abhiprAya punarukta nigrahasthAna se (nyAyasU0 5.2. 14) aura carakasaMmata adhika nAmaka vAkyadoSase ("yadvA sambaddhArthamapi dvirabhighoyate tat punaruktatvAd adhikam" -vimAna0 pra0 8. sU0 54) ho to Azcarya nahIM /

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vAda-vidyA-khaNDa 181 nyAyasUtrasaMmata adhika nigrahasthAna yahA~ abhipreta hai| 6. svayaMkRta doSa / 10. parApAdita doSa / 6 prazna sthAnAMga sUtra meM prazna ke cha: prakAra batAe gaye haiM1. saMzaya prazna 2. vyudgra prazna 3. anuyogI 4. anuloma 5. tathAjJAna 6. atathAjJAna vAda meM, cAhe vaha vItarAga kathA ho yA jalpa ho, prazna kA paryApta mahattva hai| prastuta sUtra meM prazna ke bhedoM kA jo nirdeza hai vaha praznoM ke pIche rahI praSTA kI bhAvanA yA bhUmikA ke AdhAra para hai aisA pratIta hotA hai| 1. saMzaya ko dUra karane ke liye jo prazna pUchA jAya vaha saMzaya prazna hai| isa saMzaya ne nyAya sUtra ke solaha padArthoM meM aura caraka ke vAdapadoM meM sthAna pAyA hai| saMzaya prazna kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki usameM do koTi kA nirdeza hotA hai jaise "kinu khalu astyakAlamRtyuH uta nAstIti" vimAna0 pra0 8. sU0 43 / 2. prativAdI jaba apane mithyAbhiniveza ke kAraNa prazna karatA hai taba vaha vyudgra prazna hai / 3. svayaM vaktA apane vaktavya ko spaSTa karane ke liye prazna khar3A karake usakA uttara detA hai taba vaha anuyogI prazna hai arthAt vyAkhyAna yA parUpaNA ke liye kiyA gayA prazna / caraka meM eka anuyoga vAdapada hai usakA lakSaNa isa prakAra caraka ne kiyA hai

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182 bhAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana .. anuyogo nAma sa yattadvidhAnAM tadvikhareva sAdhaM tantre tankadeze vA praznaH praznaikadezo vA jJAnavijJAnavacanaparIkSAryamAdizyate, yathA nityaH puruSa iti pratijJAte yat paraH 'ko hetuH' ityAha so'nuyogaH / ___sthAnAMga kA anuyogI prazna vastutaH caraka ke anuyoga se abhinna honA cAhie aisA caraka ke ukta lakSaNa se spaSTa hai / 4. anuloma prazna vaha hai jo dUsare ko anukUla karane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai jaise kuzala prazna / 5. jisa vastu kA jJAna pRcchaka aura praSTavya ko samAna bhAva se ho phira bhI usa viSaya meM pUchA jAya taba vaha prazna tathAjJAna prazna- hai / jaise bhagavatI meM gautama ke prazna / 6. isase viparIta atathAjJAna prazna hai| ina praznoM ke prasaMga meM uttara kI dRSTi se cAra prakAra ke praznoM kA jo varNana bauddhagranthoM meM AtA hai usakA nirdeza upayogI hai--- 1. kucha prazna aise haiM jinakA hai yA nahIM meM uttara diyA jAtA hai-ekAMzavyAkaraNIya / 2. kucha prazna aise haiM jinakA uttara pratiprazna ke dvArA diyA jAtA hai-pratipRcchAvyAkaraNIya / 3. kucha prazna aise haiM jinakA uttara vibhAga karake arthAt eka aMza meM 'hai' kahakara aura dUsare aMza meM 'nahIM' kahakara diyA jAtA haivibhajyavyAkaraNIya / 4. kucha prazna aise haiM jo sthApanIya-avyAkRta haiM jinakA uttara diyA nahIM jaataa| 7. chala-jAti-sthAnAMga sUtra meM hetu zabda kA prayoga nAnA artha meM huA hai / pramANa sAmAnya artha meM hetuzabda kA prayoga prathama (pR0 63) batAyA gayA hai| sAdhana artha meM hetuzabda kA prayoga bhI hetucarcA meM 14 dogha0 33 / milinda pR0 176 /

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vAda-vidyA-khaNDa ( pR0 78) batAyA gayA hai| aba hama hetuzabda ke eka aura artha kI ora bhI vAcaka kA dhyAna dilAnA cAhate haiM / sthAnAMga meM hetu ke jo--yApaka Adi nimnalikhita cAra bheda batAe haiM unakI vyAkhyA dekhane se spaSTa hai ki yApaka hetu asaddhetu hai aura sthApaka ThIka usase ulaTA hai| isI prakAra vyaMsaka aura lUSaka meM bhI paraspara virodha hai / arthAt ye cAra hetu do dvandvoM meM vibhakta haiM / yApaka hetu meM mukhyatayA sAdhyasiddhikA nahIM para prativAdI ko jAtyuttara dene kA dhyeya haiM / usameM kAlayApana karake prativAdI ko dhokhA diyA jAtA hai / isake viparIta sthApaka hetu se apane sAdhya ko zIghra siddha karanA iSTa hai / vyaMsaka hetu yaha chala prayoga hai to lUSaka hetu pratipraticchala hai / kintu praticchala isa prakAra kiyA jAtA hai jisase ki prativAdI ke pakSa meM prasaMgApAdAna ho aura pariNAmataH vaha vAdI ke pakSa ko svIkRta karane ke lie bAdhya ho / aba hama yApakAdi kA zAstrokta vivaraNa dekheM - ( sthAnAMga sU0 338 ) 1 jAvate ( yApakaH ) 2 dhAvate (sthApakaH ) 3 vaMsate ( vyaMsakaH ) 4 lUsate ( lUSakaH ) 183 inhIM hetuoM kA vizeSa varNana dazavaikAlika sUtra kI niyukti ( gA0 =6 se) A0 bhadrabAhu ne kiyA hai usI ke AdhAra se unakA paricaya yahA~ karAyA jAtA hai, kyoMki sthAnAMga meM hetuoM ke nAmamAtra upalabdha hote haiM / bhadrabAhu ne cAroM hetuoM ko laukika udAharaNoM se spaSTa kiyA hai kintu una hetuoM kA dravyAnuyoga kI carcA meM kaise prayoga hotA hai usakA spaSTIkaraNa dazavaikAlikacUrNI meM hai isakA bhI upayoga prastuta vivaraNa meM kiyA hai / (1) yApaka - jisako vizeSaNoM kI bahulatA ke kAraNa prativAdI zIghra na samajha sake aura prativAda karane meM asamartha ho, aise hetu ko kAlayApana meM kAraNa hone se yApaka kahA jAtA hai / athavA jisakI

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184 prAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana vyApti prasiddha na hone se tatsAdhaka anya pramANa kI apekSA rakhane ke kAraNa sAdhyasiddhi meM vilamba hotA ho use yApaka kahate haiM / isakA laukika udAharaNa diyA gayA hai-kisI asAdhvI strI ne apane pati ko U~Ta kI lIMDiyA dekara kahA ki ujjayinI meM pratyeka kA eka rupayA milegA ata eva vahIM jAkara beco / mUrkha pati jaba lobhavaza ujjayinI gayA to use kAphI samaya laga gyaa| isa bIca usa strI ne apane jAra ke sAtha kAlayApana kiyaa| yApaka kA artha TIkAkAroM ne jaisA kiyA hai Upara likhA hai| vastutaH usakA tAtparya itanA hI jAna par3atA hai ki prativAdI ko samajhane meM derI lage vaise hetu ke prayoga ko yApaka kahanA caahie| yadi yApaka kA yahI matalaba hai to isakI tulanA avijJAtArtha nigrahasthAnayogya vAkyaprayoga se karanA cAhie / nyAyasUtrakAra ne kahA hai ki vAdI tIna daphaha uccAraNa kare phira bhI yadi prativAdI aura parSat samajha na sake to vAdI ko avijJAtArtha nigraha sthAna prApta hotA hai / arthAt nyAyasUtrakAra ke mata se yApaka hetu kA prayoktA nigRhIta hotA hai / "pariSatpradivAdimyAM trirabhihitamapi avijJAtamavijJAtArtham / " nyAyasU0 5.2.6 / aisA hI mata upAyahRdaya (pR0 1) aura tarkazAstra (pR0 8) kA bhI hai| caraka saMhitA meM vigRhyasaMbhASA ke prasaMga meM kahA hai ki "tadvidyena saha kathayatA tvAviddhadIrghasUtrasaMkulairvAkyadaNDakaiH kathayitavyam / " vimAnasthAna a0 8. sU0 20 / isakA bhI uddezya yApaka hetu ke samAna hI pratIta hotA hai| _ vAdazAstra ke vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha yApaka jaise hetu ke prayoktA ko nigrahasthAna kI prApti mAnI jAne lagI yaha nyAyasUtra ke avijJAta nigraha sthAna se spaSTa hai| 15 "unbhAmiyA ya mahilA jAvagaheummi uttliNddaaii|" dazava0 ni0 gA0 87 /

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vAda-vidyA-khaNDa 185 tarkazAstra ( pR0 39 ) upAyahRdaya ( pR0 16 ) aura nyAyasUtra meM ( 5.2.18 ) eka ajJAna nigrahasthAna bhI hai usakA kAraNa bhI yApaka hetu ho sakatA hai kyoMki ajJAna nigrahasthAna taba hotA hai jaba prativAdI vAdI kI bAta ko samajha na sake / arthAt vAdI ne yadi yApaka hetu kA prayoga kiyA ho to prativAdI zIghra use nahIM samajha pAtA aura nigrahIta hotA hai / isI ajJAna ko caraka ne avijJAna kahA hai - vahI 65 / (2) sthApaka - prasiddhavyAptika hone se sAdhya ko zIghra sthApita kara dene vAle hetu ko sthApaka kahate haiM / isake udAharaNa meM eka saMnyAsI kI kathA hai, jo pratyeka grAma meM jAkara upadeza detA thA ki lokamadhya meM diyA gayA dAna sAdaka hotA hai| pUchane para pratyeka gAMva meM kisI bhAga meM lokamadhya batAtA thA aura dAna letA thA / kisI zrAvaka ne usakI dhUrtatA prakaTa kI / usane kahA ki yadi usa gAMva meM lokamadhya thA to phira yahAM nahIM aura yadi yahAM hai to udhara nahIM / isa prakAra vAda carcA meM aisA hI hetu rakhanA cAhie ki apanA sAdhya zIghra siddha ho jAya aura saMnyAsI ke vacana kI taraha paraspara virodha na ho / yaha hetu yApaka se ThIka viparIta haiM aura saddhetu hai / caraka saMhitA meM vAdapadoM meM jo sthApanA aura pratisthApanA kA dvandva hai usameM se pratisthApanA kI sthApaka ke sAtha tulanA kI jA sakatI hai / jaise sthApaka hetu ke udAharaNa meM kahA gayA hai ki saMnyAsI ke vacana meM virodha batA kara prativAdI apanI bAta ko siddha karatA hai usI prakAra carakasaMhitA meM bhI sthApanA ke viruddha meM hI pratisthApanA kA nirdeza hai pratisthApanA nAma yA tasyA eva parapratijJAyAH prativiparItArthasthApanA" vahIM 32 / ( 3 ) vyaMsaka-prativAdI ko moha meM DAlane vAle arthAt chalanevAle hetu ko vyaMsaka kahate haiM / laukika udAharaNa zakaTatittirI" hai / kisI dhUrta ne zakaTa meM rakhI huI tittirI ko dekhakara zakaTa vAle se chala pUrvaka pUchA ki zakaTatittirI kI kyA kImata hai ? zakaTavAle ne uttara diyA - 16 " logassa majjANaNa thAvagaheU udAharaNaM" dazavaM0 ni0 87 / 17 " sA sagaDatittirI - baMsagammi hoI nAyavvA / " vahI 88 / 'zakaTatittirI' ke bo artha haiM zakaTa meM rahI huI titirI aura zakaTa ke sAtha tittirI /

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186 bhAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana "tarpaNAloDikA-jalamizrita saktu / dhUrta ne utanI kImata meM zakaTa aura tittarI-donoM le liye / isI prakAra vAda meM bhI prativAdI jo chala prayoga karatA hai vaha vyaMsaka hetu hai / jaina vAdI ke sAmane koI kahe ki jina mArga meM jIva bhI asti hai aura ghaTa bhI asti hai taba to astitvAvizeSAt jova aura ghaTa kA aikya mAnanA caahie| yadi jIva se astitva ko bhinna mAnate ho taba jIva kA abhAva hogaa| yaha vyaMsaka hetu hai| (4) lUSaka-vyaMsaka hetu ke uttara ko lUSaka hetu kahate hai / arthAt isase vyaMsaka helu se ApAdita aniSTa kA parihAra hotA haiN| isake udAharaNa meM bhI eka dhUrta ke chala aura praticchala kI kathA hai / kakaDI se bharA zakaTa dekhakara dhUrta ne zAkaTika se pUchA--zakaTa kI kakaDI khAjAne vAle ko kyA doge ? uttara milA-aisA modaka jo nagara dvAra se bAhara na nikala ske| dhUrta zakaTa para car3hakara thor3A thoDA sabhI kakaDImeM se khAkara inAma mAMgane lagA / zAkaTika ne Apatti kI ki tumane sabhI kakaDI to khAI nhii| dhUrta ne kahA ki acchA taba becanA zurU kro| itane meM eka grAhaka ne kahA-'ye sabhI kakaDI to khAI huI haiM' sunakara dhUrta ne kahA dekho 'sabhI kakaDI khAI haiM' aisA anya loga bhI svIkAra karate haiM / mujhe inAma milanA cAhie / taba zAkaTika ne bhI praticchala kiyaa| eka modaka nagara dvAra ke pAsa rakhakara kahA 'yaha modaka dvAra se nahIM nikalatA / ise le lo / jaisA kakar3I ke sAtha 'khAI haiM' prayoga dekhakara dhUrta ne chala kiyA thA vaisA hI zAkaTika ne 'nahIM nikalatA' aise prayoga dvArA pratichala kiyaa| isI prakAra vAdacarcA meM ukta vyaMsaka hetu kA pratyuttara lUSaka hetu kA prayoga karake denA cAhiye / jaise ki yadi tuma jIva aura ghaTa kA aikya siddha karate ho vaise to astitva hone se sabhI bhAvoM kA aikya siddha ho jaaygaa| kintu 18 tarpaNAloDikA ke do artha haiM jala mizrita saktu aura saktu kA mizraNa karatI strii| 50 "tausagavaMsaga lUsagaheummi ya moyago ya pursso|" vahI gA0 88 /

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vAda-vidyA-khaNDa 187 vastutaH dekhA jAya to ghaTa aura paTAdi ye sabhI padArtha eka nahIM, to phira jIva aura dhaTa bhI eka nhiiN| vyaMsaka aura lUSaka ina donoM ke ukta udAharaNa jo laukika kathA se lie gae hai ve vAkchalAntargata haiN| kintu dravyAnuyoga ke udAharaNa ko dekhate hue kahA jA sakatA hai ki ina donoM hetuoM ke dravyAnuyoga viSayaka udAharaNoM ko caraka ke anusAra sAmAnya chala kahA jA sakatA hai, caraba meM sAmAnya chala kA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai ___sAmAnyacchalaM nAma yathA vyAdhiprazamanAyoSadhamityukte paro brUyAta sat satprazamanAyeti kiM bhavAnAha / san hi rogaH sadauSadham, yadi ca sat satprazamanAya bhavati tatra san hI kAsaH san kSayaH satsAmAnyAt kAsaste kSayaprazamanAya bhaviSyati iti / vahI 56 / nyAyasUtra ke anusAra bhI dravyAnuyoga ke udAharaNoM ko sAmAnya chalAntargata kahA jA sakatA hai-nyAyasU0 1. 2. 13 / athavA nyAyasUtra meM avizeSasamajAti prayoga ke antargata bhI bhI kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki usakA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai| "ekadhamopapatta ravizeSe sarvAvizeSaprasaGgAt sadbhAvopapa tervishesssmH|' nyAya sU0 5.1.23 "eko dharmaH prayatnAnantarIyakatvaM zabdghaTayorupapadyata ivizeSe ubhayoranityatve sarvasyAvizeSaH prasajyate / katham? sadabhAvopapatta: / eko dharmaH sadbhAvaH sarvasyopapadyate / sadbhavopapattaH sarvAvizeSaprasaMgAt pratyavasthAnamavizeSasamaH" nyaaybhaa| bauddha grantha tarkazAstragata (pR0 15) avizeSakhaNDana kI tulanA bhI yahA~ kartavya hai / nyAyamukhagata avizeSadUSaNAbhAsa bhI isI koTi kA hai| chalavAdI brAhmaNa sobhila ke prazna meM rahe hue zabdacchala ko tADa karake bhagavAn mahAvIra ne usa chala vAdI ke zabdacchala kA jo uttara diyA hai usakA uddharaNa yahA~ aprAsaMgika nahIM hogaa| kyoMki isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra vAdavidyA meM pravINa the aura usa samaya loga kaisA zabdacchala kiyA karate the "sarisavA te bhante ki bhakkheyA abhakkheyA ?" "somilA ! sarisavA bhakkheyA vi prabhakheyA vi|" / "se keNaTheNaM bhante evaM baccaha-sarisavA me bhakkhayA vi abhakkheyA vi' ?"

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188 pAgama-yuga kA ana-darzana ___ "se nUgaM te somilA ! baMbhannaesu naesu duvihA sarisavA pannattA, taMjahAmittasarisavA ya dhanasarisavA ya / tatya gaM je te mittasarisavA........"te gaM samaNANaM niggaMthANaM abhkkheyaa| tattha NaM je te ghanasarisavA........"asaNijjA te samaNANaM niggaMyANaM abhkkheyaa|.............."ttthnnN je te jAtiyA........."laddhA te gaM samaNANaM niggaMthANaM bhakkheyA....." "mAsA te bhaMte ki bhakkhevA prbhkkhyaa"| "somilA ! mAsA me bhakkhayA vi abhakkheyA vi|" "se keNaDhaNa......" "se nUNa te somilA ! baMbhannaesu naesu duvihA mAsA pannatA : taMjahAdadhvamAsA ya kAlamAsA ya / tattha Naje te kAlamAsA te gaM sAvaNAdIyA...."te samaNANa niggaMthANa prbhkkheyaa| tattha Naje te davvamAsA te duvihA pannattA prasthamAsA ya dhanamAsA ya / tatthaNaje te atyamAsA.........."te........... niggaMdhANaM abhakkhayA / tatyaNaje te dhannamAsA....."evaM jahA dhannasarisavA"" "" "kulatthA te bhante ki bhakkheyA prabhavakheyA ?" "somilA ! kulatthA bhakkhayA vi abhakkheyA vi|" "se keNaTheNa?', "se nUNa somilA ! te baMbhannaesu duvihA kulatthA pannatA, taMjahA, itthikulatthA ya dhanakulatthA ya / tattha je te itthikulatthA ..............."niggaMthANa abhakkheyA / tatya je te pannakulatthA evaM jahA dhnnsrisvaa"....|" bhagavatI 18. 10 / isa carcA meM prAkRta bhASA ke kAraNa zabdacchala kI guMjAIza hai yaha bAta bhASAvidoM ko kahane kI AvazyakatA nhii| __ 8 udAharaNa-jJAta-vRSTAnta--jainazAstra meM udAharaNa ke bhedopabheda batAye haiM kintu udAharaNa kA naiyAyikasaMmata saMkucita artha na lekara kisI vastu kI siddhi yA asiddhi meM dI jAne vAlI upapatti udAharaNa hai aisA vistRta artha lekara ke udAharaNa zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / ataeva kisI sthAna meM usakA artha dRSTAnta to kisI sthAna meM AkhyAnaka, aura kisI sthAna meM upamAna to kisI sthAna meM yukti yA upapatti hotA hai / vastutaH jaise carakane vAdamArgapada kaha karake yA nyAyasUtra ne tattvajJAna 20 vahI sU0 27 / 2. nyAya sU0 1.1.1 /

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vAda-vidyA-khaNDa 186 ke viSayabhUta padArthoM kA saMgraha karanA cAhA hai vaise hI kisI prAcIna paraMparA kA AdhAra lekara sthAnAMga sUtra meM udAharaNa ke nAma se vAdopayogI padArthoM kA saMgraha kiyA hai / jisa prakAra nyAyasUtra se caraka kA saMgraha svatantra hai aura kisI prAcIna mArga kA anusaraNa karatA hai usI prakAra jaina zAstragata udAharaNa kA varNana bhI ukta donoM se pRthak hI kisI prAcIna paraMparA kA anugAmI hai| ___yadyapi niyuktikAra ne udAharaNa ke nimnalikhita paryAya batAe haiM kintu sUtrokta udAharaNa una paryAyoM se pratipAdita arthoM meM hI sImita nahIM hai jo agale varNana se spaSTa haiM "nAyamudAharaNaM ti ya vidvaitovamani nidarisaNaM thy| ega?"--dazava0 ni0 52 / sthAnAMgasUtra meM jJAta-udAharaNa ke cAra bhedoM kA upabhedoMke sAtha jo nAmasaMkIrtana hai vaha isa prakAra hai-sU0 338 / 1 AharaNa 2 AharaNataddeza 3 AharaNataddoSa 4 upanyAsopanaya (1) apAya (1) anuzAsti (1) adharmayukta (1) tadvastuka (2) upAya (2) upAlambha (2) pratiloma (2) tadanyavastuka (3) sthApanAkarma (3) pRcchA (3) AtmopanIta (3) pratinibha (4) pratyutpannavinAzI (4) nizrAvacana (4) durupanIta (4) hetu udAharaNa ke ina bhedopabhedoM kA spaSTIkaraNa dazavakAlika niyukti aura cUrNI meM hai / usI ke AdhAra para haribhadra ne dazavakAlikaTIkA meM aura abhayadeva ne sthAnAMgaTIkA meM spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai / niyuktikAra ne apAyAdi pratyeka udAharaNa ke upabhedoM kA caritAnuyoga kI dRSTi se tathA dravyAnuyoga kI dRSTi se varNana kiyA hai kintu prastuta meM pramANacarkopayogI dravyAnuyogAnusArI spaSTIkaraNa hI karanA iSTa hai| 1 prAharaNa (1) apAya aniSTApAdana kara denA apAyodAharaNa hai / arthAt prativAdI kI mAnyatA meM aniSTApAdana karake usakI sadoSatA ke dvArA usake parityAga kA upadeza denA yaha apAyodAharaNa kA

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160 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana prayojana hai| bhadrabAhu ne apAya ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki22 jo loga AtmA ko ekAnta nitya yA ekAnta anitya mAnate haiM unake mata meM sukhadukha-saMsAra-mokSa kI ghaTanA bana nahIM sktii| isalie donoM pakSoM ko chor3akara anekAnta kA Azraya lenA cAhie / dUsare dArzanika jise prasaMgApAdana kahate haiM usakI tulanA apAya se karanA caahie| sAmAnyatayA dUSaNa ko bhI apAya kahA jA sakatA hai| bAdI ko svapakSa meM dUSaNa kA uddhAra karanA cAhie aura parapakSa meM dUSaNa denA caahie| (2) upAya--iSTa vastu ko prApti yA siddhi ke vyApAra vizeSa ko upAya kahate haiN| AtmAstitvarUpa iSTa ke sAdhaka sabhI hetuoM kA avalaMbana karanA upAyodAharaNa hai / jaise AtmA pratyakSa nahIM hai phira bhI sukha-duHkhAdi dharma kA Azraya-dharmI honA caahie| aisA jo dharmI hai vahI AtmA hai tathA jaise devadatta hAthI se ghor3e para saMkrAnti karatA hai, grAma se nagara meM, varSA se zarada meM aura audayikAdibhAva se upazama meM saMkrAnti karatA hai vaise hI jIva bhI-dravyakSetrAdi meM saMkrAnti karatA hai to vaha bhI devadatta kI taraha hai / bauddhagrantha 'upAyahRdaya24' meM jisa artha meM upAya zabda hai usI artha kA bodha prastuta upAya zabda se bhI hotA hai| bAda meM vAdI kA dharma hai ki vaha svapakSa ke sAdhaka sabhI upAyoM kA upayoga kare aura svapakSadUSaNaM kA nirAsa kare / ataeva usake lie vAdopayogI padArthoM kA jJAna Avazyaka hai / usI jJAna ko karAne ke liye 'upAyahRdaya graMtha 22 'davvAdiehi nicco egateNeva jesi appA u / hoi abhAvo tesi suhaduhasaMsAramokkhANa // 56 // suhadukkhasaMpalogo na vijjaI niccavAyapakkhaMmi / egaMtuccheaMmi asuhadukkhavigappaNamajutta // 60 // " dazavai0 ni0 23 vahI 63. 66 / 24 TUcIne cInI se saMskRta meM isa grantha kA anuvAda kiyA hai| unhoMne jo pratisaMskRta 'upAya' zabda rakhA hai vaha Thoka hI jaMcatA hai| yadyapi svayaM TUcI ko pratisaMskRta meM saMdeha hai|

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vAda-vidyA-khaNDa 161 kI racanA huI hai / sthAnAMgagata apAya aura upAya kA bhI yahI bhAva hai ki apAya arthAt dUSaNa aura upAya arthAt sAdhana / dUsare ke pakSa meM apAya batAnA cAhiye aura svapakSa meM apAya se bacanA cAhie | svapakSa kI siddhi ke lie upAya karanA cAhie aura dUsare ke upAya meM apAya kA pratipAdana karanA cAhie / (3) sthApanA karma -- iSTa artha kI samyakprarUpaNA karanA sthApanAkarma hai / prativAdI dvArA vyabhicAra batalAe jAne para vyabhicAra nivRtti dvArA yadi hetu kI samyag sthApanA vAdI karatA hai taba vaha sthApanAkarma hai "saMvabhicAra hetuM sahasA vottuM tameva uvabUhai sappasara sAmatthaM cappaNo nAu // abhayadeva ne isa viSaya meM nimnalikhita prayoga varasAyA hai| 'anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAt" yahA~ kRtakatvahetu savyabhicAra hai, kyoMki varNAtmaka zabda nitya hai / kintu vAdI varNAtmaka zabda ko bhI anitya siddha kara detA hai ki 'varNAtmA zabdaH kRtakaH, nijakAraNabhedena bhidyamAnatvAt ghaTapaTAdivat" / yahA~ ghaTapaTAdi ke dRSTAnta se varNAtmaka zabda kA anityatva sthApita huA hai, ataeva yaha sthApanAkarma huA / hi / 68 // 'sthApanA karma' kI bhadrabAhukRta vyAkhyA ko alaga rakhakara agara zabdasAdRzya kI ora hI dhyAna diyA jAya, to carakasaMhitAgata sthApanA se isakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai / caraka ke mata se kisI pratijJA ko siddha karane ke lie hetu dRSTAnta upanaya aura nigamana kA Azraya lenA sthApanA hai / arthAt nyAya vAkya do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai- pratijJA aura sthApanA / pratijJA se atirikta jina avayavoM se vastu sthApita - siddha hotI hai unako sthApanA kahA jAtA hai / " sthApanA nAma tasyA eva pratijJAyAH hetudRSTAntopanayanigamanaiH sthApanA / pUrva hi pratijJA pazcAt sthApanA / kiM hi zrapratijJAtaM sthApayiSyati / " vahI 31. / AcArya bhadrabAhu ne jo artha kiyA hai vaha artha yadi sthApanA karma kA

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162 zrAgama-yuga kA jaina- darzana liyA jAya, taba carakasaMhitAgata 'parihAra' ke sAtha sthApanA karma kA 'sAdRzya hai / kyoMki parihAra kI vyAkhyA caraka ne aisI kI hai" parihAro nAma tasyaiva doSavacanasya ( hetudoSavacanasya) pariharaNam" vahI 60 / -- (4) pratyutpannavinAzI - jisase Apanna dUSaNa kA tatkAla nivAraNa ho vaha pratyutpannavinAzI hai jaise kisI zUnyavAdI ne kahA ki jaba sabhI padArtha nahIM to jIva kA sadbhAva kaise ? taba usako turaMta uttara denA ki "jaM bhaNasi natthi bhAvA vayaNamiNaM zratthi natthi jai pratthi / eva painnAhANI aso Nu nisehae ko Nu // 71 // arthAt niSedhaka vacana hai yA nahIM ? yadi hai to sarvaniSedha nahIM huA kyoMki vacana sat ho gayA / yadi nahIM to sarvabhAva kA niSedha kaise ? asat aise vacana se sarva vastu kA niSedha nahIM ho sakatA / aura jIva ke niSedha kA bhI uttara denA ki tumane jo zabda prayoga kiyA vaha to vivakSApUrvaka hI / yadi jIva hI nahIM to vivakSA kise hogI ? ajIva ko to vivakSA hotI nahIM / ataeva jo niSedha vacana kA saMbhava huA usI se jIva kA astitva bhI siddha ho jAtA hai / yaha uttara kA prakAra pratyutpannavinAzI hai - dazavai0 ni0 gA0 70-72 / AcArya bhadrabAhu kI kArikA ke sAtha vigrahavyAvartanI kI prathama kArikA kI tulanA karanA cAhie / pratipakSI ko pratijJAhAni nigrahasthAna se nigRhIta karanA pratyutpannavinAzI AharaNa hai / pratijJAhAni nigraha - sthAna nyAyasUtra ( 5. 2. 2) caraka ( vahI 61 ) aura tarka - zAstra meM ( pR0 33 ) hai | (2) AharaNataddeza (1) anuzAsti-prativAdI ke mantavya kA AMzika svIkAra karake dUsare aMga meM usako zikSA denA anuzAsti hai jaise sAMkhya ko kahanA ki saca hai AtmA ko hama bhI tumhArI taraha sadbhUta mAnate haiM kintu vaha akartA nahIM, kartA hai, kyoMki vahI sukha duHkha kA vedana karatA hai / arthAt karmaphala pAtA hai

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"jesi pi zratthi zrAyA vasavvA te vi gramha vi sa pratthi / kintu prakattA na bhavai veyayai jeA suhadukkhaM // 75 // " (2) upAlambha - dUsare ke mata ko dUSita karanA upAlambha hai / jaise cArvAka ko kahanA ki yadi AtmA nahIM hai, to 'AtmA nahIM hai' aisA tumhArA kuvijJAna bhI saMbhava nahIM hai / arthAt tumhAre isa kuvijJAna ko svIkAra karake bhI hama kaha sakate haiM, ki usase AtmAbhAva siddha nahIM / kyoMki 'AtmA hai' aisA jJAna ho yA 'AtmA nahIM hai' aisA kuvijJAna ho ye donoM koI cetana jIva ke astitva ke binA saMbhava nahIM, kyoMki acetana ghaTa meM na jJAna hai na kuvijJAna - dazavai0 ni0 76-77 / vAda-vidyA-khaNDa upAlambha kA dArzanikoM meM sAmAnya artha to yaha kiyA jAtA hai ki dUsare ke pakSa meM dUSaNa kA udbhAvana karanA, , 25 kintu caraka ne vAda padoM meM bhI upAlambha ko svatantra rUpa se ginAyA hai aura kahA hai ki "upAlambho nAma hetordoSavacanam / " ( 56.) arthAt caraka ke anusAra hetvAbhAsoM kA udbhAvana upAlambha hai / nyAyasUtra kA hetvAbhAsarUpa nigrahasthAna ( 5.2.25) hI caraka kA upAlambha hai / svayaM caraka ne bhI ahetu (57) nAmaka eka svatantra vAdapada rakhA hai / ahetu kA udbhAvana hI upAlambha hai / tarkazAstra ( pR0 40 ) aura upAyahRdaya meM bhI ( pR0 14 ) hetvAbhAsa kA varNana AyA hai / vizeSatA yaha hai ki upAyahRdaya meM hetvAbhAsa kA artha vistRta hai / chala aura jAti kA bhI samAveza hetvAbhAsa meM spaSTa rUpa se kiyA hai / prazna -AtmA kyoM nahIM hai ? uttara - kyoMki parokSa hai / (3) pRcchA -- prazna karane ko pRcchA kahate haiM - arthAt uttarottara prazna karake paramata ko asiddha aura svamata ko siddha karanA pRcchA hai, jaise cArvAka se prazna karake jIvasiddhi karanA / 163 25 nyAya sUtra 1.2.1 / prazna-yadi parokSa hone se nahIM to tumhArA AtmaniSedhaka kuvijJAna bhI dUsaroM ko parokSa hai ataeva nahIM hai| taMba jIvaniSedha kaise hogA ?

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194 prAgama yuga kA jena-darzana isa prazna meM hI Atmasiddhi nihita hai aura cArvAka ke uttara ko svIkAra karake hI prazna kiyA gayA hai| isa pRcchA kI tulanA carakagata anuyoga se karanA cAhie / anuyoga ko caraka ne prazna aura praznaikadeza kahA hai-caraka vimAna0 8.52 upAyahRdaya meM dUSaNa ginAte hue praznabAhulyamuttarAlpatA tathA praznAlpatottarabAhulya aise do dUSaNa bhI batAe haiN| isa pRcchA kI tulanA una do dUSaNoM se kI jA sakatI hai| praznabAhulyamuttarAlpatA kA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra hai- "prAtmA nityo'nandriya katvAt yathAkAzo'nandriyakaravAnnitya iti bhavataH sthApanA / atha yavanandriyakaM tannAvazyaM nityam / tatkathaM siddham" upAya0 pR0 28 / praznAlpatottarabAhulya kA svarUpa aisA hai "AtmA nityo'nandriyakatvAditi bhavatsthApanA / anandriyakasya vaividhyatra / yathA paramANavo'nupalabhyA anityA: / AkAzastvindriyAnupalabhyo nityazca / kathaM bhavatocyate yadanupalabhyatvAnnitya iti / " upAya0 0 28 / upAyahRdaya ne prazna ke ajJAna ko bhI eka svatantra nigrahasthAna mAnA hai aura prazna kA vaividhya pratipAdita kiyA hai "nanu praznAH kativiSAH ? ucyate / trividhaaH| yathA vacanasama :, arthasamaH, heTusamazca / yadi vAdinastastribhiH praznotarANi na kurvanti tavibhrAntaH / " pR0 18 / (4) nizrAvacana-anya ke bahAne se anya ko upadeza denA nizrA vacana hai| upadeza to denA svaziSya ko kintu apekSA yaha rakhanA ki usase dUsarA pratibuddha ho jaae| jaise apane ziSya ko kahanA ki jo loga jIva kA astitva nahIM mAnate, unake mata meM dAna Adi kA phala bhI nahIM ghttegaa| taba yaha sunakara bIca meM hI cArvAka kahatA hai ki ThIka to hai, phala na mile to nahIM sahI / usako uttara denA ki taba saMsAra meM jIvoM kI vicitratA kaise ghaTegI? yaha nizrAvacana hai-dazavai0 ni0 gA0 80 / (3) AharaNataddoSa (1) adharmayukta-pravacana ke hitArtha sAvadyakarma karanA adharmayukta hone se AharaNataddoSa hai / jaise prativAdI poTTazAla parivrAjaka ne vAda meM hAra

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vAda-vidyA-khaNDa kara jaba vidyAbala se rohagupta muni ke vinAzArtha bicchuoM kA sarjana kiyA, taba rohagupta ne bicchuoM ke vinAzArtha mayUroM kA sarjana kiyA, jo adharmakArya hai| phira bhI pravacana ke rakSArtha aisA karane ko rohagupta bAdhya the - dazavai0 ni0 gA0 81 cUrNI / (2) pratiloma - ' zAThyaM kuryAt zaThaM prati' kA avalaMbana karanA pratiloma hai / jaise rohagupta ne poTTazAla parivrAjaka ko harAne ke lie kiyA / parivrAjaka ne jAnakara hI jaina pakSa sthApita kiyA, taba prativAdI jaina muni rohagupta ne usako harAne ke lie hI jaina siddhAnta ke pratikUla trairAzika pakSa lekara usakA parAjaya kiyA / usakA yaha kArya apasiddhAnta ke pracAra meM sahAyaka hone se AharaNataddoSakoTi meM hai 27 / caraka ne vAkya doSoM ko ginAte hue eka viruddha bhI ginAyA hai / usakI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai- 165 "viruddha nAma ghevU dRSTAntasiddhAntasamayeviruddham / " vahI 54 / isa vyAkhyA ko dekhate hue pratiloma kI tulanA 'viruddhavAkya doSa' se kI jA sakatI hai| nyAyasUtrasaMmata apasiddhAnta aura pratiloma meM pharka yaha hai ki apasiddhAnta taba hotA haiM, jaba zurU meM vAdo apane eka siddhAnta kI pratijJA karatA hai aura bAda meM usakI avahelanA karake usase viruddha vastu ko svIkAra kara kathA karatA hai - "siddhAntamabhyupetyA niyamAt kathAprasaMgopasiddhAntaH / " nyAya sU0 5.2.24 / kintu pratiloma meM vAdI kisI eka saMpradAya yA siddhAnta ko vastutaH mAnate hue bhI vAda kathA prasaMga meM apanI pratibhA ke bala se prativAdI ko harAne kI dRSTi se hI svasaMmata siddhAnta ke virodhI siddhAnta kI sthApanA kara detA hai / pratiloma meM yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki vaha zurU meM apane siddhAnta kI pratijJA kare / kintu prativAdI ke maMtavya se viruddha maMtavya ko siddha kara detA hai / vaitaNDika aura pratilomika meM aMtara yaha hai, ki vaitaNDika kA koI pakSa nahIM hotA arthAt kisI darzana kI mAnyatA se vaha baddha nahIM hotA / kintu prAtilomika vaha hai, jo kisI darzana se to baddha hotA hai / kintu vAda- kathA meM 26 vizeSA0 2456 / 27 vizeSA0 gA0 2456 |

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166 mAgama yuga kA jaina-darzana prativAdI yadi usI ke pakSa ko svIkAra kara vAda kA prArambha karatA hai to use harAne ke lie hI svasiddhAnta ke viruddha bhI vaha dalIla karatA hai, aura prativAdI ko nigRhIta karatA hai / (3) prAtmopanIta-aisA upanyAsa karanA jisase sva kA yA svamata kA hI ghAta ho / jaise kahanA ki ekendriya sajIva haiM, kyoMki unakA zvAsocchvAsa spaSTa dikhatA hai-dazavai0 ni0 cU0 gA0 83 / , yaha to spaSTatayA asiddha hetvAbhAsa hai| kintu cUrNIkAra ne , isakA spaSTIkaraNa ghaTa meM vyatirekavyApti dikhAkara kiyA hai, jisakA phala ghaTa kI taraha ekendriyoM kA bhI nirjIva siddha ho jAnA hai, kyoMki jaise ghaTa meM zvAsocchvAsa vyakta nahIM vaise ekendriya meM bhI nhiiN| "jahA" ko vi bhaNejjA-egembiyA sajIvA, kamhA jeNa tesi phuDo ussAsanissAso dIsai / vikato ghaDo / jahA ghaDassa nijjovattaNeraNa ussAsanissAso natthi / tANa ussAsanistAso phur3o dosai tamhA ete sajIvA / evamAdIhi viruddha na bhAsitavya / " (4) durupanIta-aisI bAta karanA jisase svadharma kI nindA ho, yaha durupanIta hai| isakA udAharaNa eka bauddha bhikSu ke kathana meM hai / yathA "kanthA''cAryAdhanA te nanu zapharavadhe jAlamaznAsi matsyAna, te me madyopadaMzAn pibasi nanu yuto vezyayA yAsi vezyAm / kRtvArINAM galeMhi kva nu tava ripavo yeSu sandhi chinadhi, caurastvaM dhUtahetoH kitava iti kathaM yena dAsIsuto'smi // ' ni0 gA0 83-haari0ttiikaa| yaha bhI carakasamata viruddha vAkya doSa se tulanIya hai / unakA kahanA hai ki svasamayaviruddha nahIM bolanA cAhie / bauddhadarzana mokSazAstrika samaya hai, caraka ke anusAra mokSazAstrika samaya hai ki--- mokSazAstrikasamayaH sarvabhUtehiseti" vahI 54 / ataeva bauddha bhikSu kA hiMsA kA samarthana svasamaya viruddha hone se vAkya-doSa hai / upAyahRdaya meM viruddha do prakAra kA hai dRSTAntaviruddha aura yuktiviruddha-pR0 17 / upAyahRdaya ke mata se jo jisakA dharma ho, usase

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vAda-vidyA-khaNDa 167 usakA AcaraNa yadi viruddha ho, to vaha yuktiviruddha hai / jaise koI brAhmaNa kSatriya dharma kA pAlana kare aura mRgayAdi kI zikSA le to vaha yuktiviruddha hai / yuktiviruddha kI isa vyAkhyA ko dekhate hue durupanIta kI tulanA usase kI jA sakatI hai| (4) upanyAsa (1) tadvastUpanyAsa-pratipakSI kI vastu kA hI upanyAsa karanA arthAt pratipakSI ke hI upanyasta hetu ko upanyasta karake doSa dikhAnA tadvastUpanyAsa hai / jaise--kisI ne (vaizeSika ne) kahA ki jIva nitya hai, kyoMki amUrta hai / taba usI amUrtatva ko upanyasta karake doSa denA ki karma to amUrta hote hue bhI anitya haiM--dazavai0 ni0 cU0 84 / AcArya haribhadra ne isakI tulanA sAdharmyasamA jAti se kI hai| kintu isakA adhika sAmya pratidRSTAntasamA jAti se hai- "kriyAvAnAtmA kriyAhetuguNayogAt loSTavadityukta pratidRSTAnta upAdIyate kriyAhetuguNayukta AkAzaM niSkriyaM dRSTamiti / " nyAyabhA0 5.1.6 / sAdharmyasamA aura pratidRSTAntasamA meM bheda yaha hai, ki sAdharmya samA meM anyadRSTAnta aura anya hetukRta sAdharmya ko lekara uttara diyA . jAtA hai, jaba ki pratidRSTAntasamA meM hetu to vAdiprokta hI rahatA hai kevala dRSTAnta hI badala diyA jAtA hai / tadvastUpanyAsa meM bhI yahI abhipreta hai| ataeva usakI tulanA pratidRSTAnta ke sAtha hI karanA cAhie / vastutaH dekho to bhaGgayantara se hetu kI anaikAntikatAkA udbhAvana karanA ho tadvastUpanyAsa aura pratidRSTAntasamA jAti kA prayojana hai| upAyahRdayagata prati dRSTAntasama dUSaNa (pR0 30) aura tarkazAstragata pratidRSTAnta khaNDana se yaha tulanIya hai-pR0 26 / (2) tadanyavastUpanyAsa-upanyasta vastu se anya meM bhI prativAdI kI bAta kA upasaMhAra kara parAbhUta karanA tadanyavastUpanyAsa hai-jaise 28 "yuktiviruddho yathA, brAhmaNasya kSatradharmAnupAlanam, mRgayAdizikSA ca / kSatriyasya dhyAnasamApattirita yuktiviruddhH| evambhUto dhamauM prajJA prabuddhvaiva satyaM mnyte|" upAya0 pR0 17 //

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198 mAgama yuga kA jaina-darzana jIva anya hai, zarIra anya hai / to donoM anyazabdavAcya hone se eka haiM aisA yadi prativAdI kahe to usake uttara meM kahanA ki paramANu anya hai, dvipradezI anya hai, to donoM anya zabda vAcya hone se eka mAnanA cAhieyaha tadanyavastUpanyAsa hai-dazavai0 ni0 gA0 84 / - yaha spaSTa rUpa se prasaMgApAdana hai / pUrvokta vyaMsaka aura lUSaka hetu se kramazaH pUrva pakSa aura uttara pakSa kI tulanA karanA caahie| (3) pratinibhopanyAsa-vAdI ke 'mere vacana meM doSa nahIM ho sakatA' aise sAbhimAna kathana ke uttara meM prativAdI bhI yadi vaisA hI kahe to vaha pratinibhopanyAsa hai| jaise kisI ne kahA ki 'jIva sat hai' taba usako kahanA ki 'ghaTa bhI sat hai, to vaha bhI jIva ho jAegA' / isakA laukika udAharaNa niyuktikAra ne eka saMnyAsI kA diyA hai| usakA dAvA thA ki mujhe koI azruta bAta sunA de to usako maiM suvarNapAtra duuNgaa| dhUrta hone se azruta bAta ko bhI zruta batA detA thaa| taba eka puruSa ne uttara diyA ki tere pitA se mere pitA eka lAkha mAMgate haiM / yadi zruta hai to eka lAkha do, azruta hai to suvarNapAtra do| isa taraha kisI ko ubhayapAzArajjunyAya se uttara denA pratinibhopanyAsa hai-dazavai0 nic gA0 85 / yaha upanyAsa sAmAnyacchala hai / isakI tulanA lUSaka hetu se bhI kI jA sakatI hai| avizeSa samA jAti ke sAtha bhI isakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai, yadyapi donoM meM thor3A bheda avazya hai / (4) hetUpanyAsa-kisI ke prazna ke uttara meM hetu batA denA hetUpanyAsa hai| jaise kisI ne pUchA-AtmA cakSurAdi indiyagrAhya kyoM nahIM ? to uttara denA ki vaha atIndriya hai-dazavai0 ni0 gA0 85 / caraka ne hetu ke viSaya meM prazna ko anuyoga kahA hai aura bhadrabAhu ne prazna ke uttara meM hetu ke upanyAsa ko hetUpanyAsa kahA hai-yaha hetUpanyAsa aura anuyoga meM bheda hai|

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"anuyogo nAma sa yattadvidyAnAM tadvidyaireva sArdhaM tantre tantraMkadeze vA praznaH praznaikadezo vA jJAnavijJAnavacanaprativacanaparIkSArthamAdizyate yathA nityaH puruSaH iti pratijJAte yat paraH 'ko heturityAha' so'nuyogaH / caraka vimAna0 108 - 52 jeNa pUrvokta tulanA kA saralatA se bodha hone ke lie nIce tulanAtmaka nakzA diyA jAtA hai, usase spaSTa hai ki jainAgama meM jo vAdapada batAe gae haiM, yadyapi unake nAma anya sabhI paraMparA se bhinna hI haiM, phira bhI arthataH sAdRzya avazya hai / jainAgama kI yaha paraMparA vAdazAstra ke avyavasthita aura avikasita kisI prAcIna rUpa kI ora saMketa karatI hai / kyoMki jabase vAdazAstra vyavasthita huA hai, tabase eka nizcita artha meM hI pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga samAna rUpa se vaidika aura bauddha vidvAnoM ne kiyA hai / una pAribhASika zabdoM kA vyavahAra jaina Agama meM nahIM hai, isase phalita yaha hotA hai ki AgamavarNana kisI lupta prAcIna paramparA kA hI anugamana karatA hai / yadyapi Agama kA aMtima saMskaraNa vikrama pAMcavI zatAbtI meM huA hai, phira bhI isa viSaya meM nayI paramparA ko na apanAkara prAcIna paramparA kA hI anusaraNa kiyA gayA jAna par3atA hai / tassa vAda-vidyA-khaNDa viNA logassa vi. vavahAro savvahA na nivvass || bhuvaNekka Namo guruNo, agaMta - 166 vAyassa || - siddhasena divAkara

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jainAgama carakasaMhitA tarkazAstra upAyahRdaya nyAyasUtra . 1. avijJAta 1. avijJAtArtha 2. avijJAna 2. ajJAna Agama yuga kA jaina-darzana 1. avizeSasamAjAti 2. sAmAnyacchala . 1. yApaka 1. AviddhadIrghasUtra- 1. avijJAtArtha ___ saMkulaikyidaNDakaiH / 2. avijJAna 2. ajJAna 2. sthApaka 1. pratiSThApanA 3. vyaMsaka) 1. vAkchala 1. avizeSakhaMDana 4. lUSaka 2. sAmAnyacchala 4. AharaNa 1. apAya 2. upAya 3. sthApanAkarma 1. sthApanA 2. parihAra 4. pratyutpannavinAzI 1. pratijJAhAni . 1. pratijJAhAni 4. AharaNataddeza 1. anuzAsti 2. upAlambha 1. upAlambha 1. upAlambha 2. ahetu 2. hetvAbhAsa 1. pratijJAhAni 1. upAlabha 2. hetvAbhAsa 2. hetvAbhAsa

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3. pRcchA 1. anuyoga 1. praznabAhulyamuttarAlpatA 2. praznAlpatottarabAhulya 4. nizrAvacana 4. AharaNataddoSa 1. adharmayukta 2. pratiloma 1. viruddhavAkyadoSa 3. AtmopanIta 4. durupanIta 1 viruddha vAkyadoSa 4. upanyAsa 1. tadvastUpanyAsa 1 prati dRSTAntakhaNDana 2. tadanyavastUpanyAsa - 3. pratinibhopanya sa 1 sAmAnyacchala 1. yuktiviruddha 1 prati dRSTAntasamadUSaNa 1 pratiM dRSTAMtasamAjAti 1 avizeSakhaNDana 1 avizeSasamAjAti 2 sAmAnyacchala 4 hetUpanyAsa 1 anuyoga vAda--vidyA-khaNDa 201

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202 zrAgama-yuga kA jana-darzana nayAstava syAt pada lAJchanA ime, rasopaviddhA iva loha - dhAtavaH / yatastato, bhavantyabhipretaphalA bhavantamAryAH praNatA ya eva nitya kSaNikAdayo nayA, hitaiSiNaH // - ta eva tattvaM vimalasya te muneH; parasparekSAH sva mitho'napekSAH sva-para- praNAzinaH / siddhasena divAkara paropakAriNaH // -samanta bhadra -

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zrAgamottara jaina darzana

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pAMca Agamottara jaina-darzana jaina Agama aura siddhasena ke bIca kA jo jaina sAhitya hai, usameM dArzanika dRSTi se upayogI sAhitya AcArya kundakunda kA tathA vAcaka umAsvAti kA hai / jaina AgamoM kI prAcIna TIkAoM meM upalabdha niyuktiyoM kA sthAna hai / upalabdha niyuktiyoM meM prAcInatara niyuktiyoM kA samAveza ho gayA hai aura aba to sthiti yaha hai, ki prAcInatara aMza aura bhadrabAhu kA nayA aMza ina donoM kA pRthakkaraNa kaThina ho gayA hai / AcArya bhadrabAhu kA samaya mAnyavara muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ne vikrama chaThI zatAbdI kA uttarArdha mAnA hai / yadi ise ThIka mAnA jAe, taba yaha mAnanA par3atA hai ki niyuktiyA~ apane vartamAna rUpa meM siddhasena ke bAda kI kRtiyA~ haiM / ataeva unako siddhasena pUrvavartI sAhitya meM sthAna nahIM / bhASya aura cUrNiyA~ to siddhasena ke bAda kI haiM hI / ataeva siddhasena pUrvavartI Agametara sAhitya meM se kundakunda aura umAsvAti ke sAhitya meM dArzanika tattva kI kyA sthiti thI - isakA digdarzana yadi hama kara leM, to siddhasena ke pUrva meM jainadarzana kI sthiti kA pUrA citra hamAre sAmane upasthita ho sakegA aura yaha hama jAna sakeMge, ki siddhasena ko virAsata meM kyA aura kitanA milA thA ? vAcaka umAsvAti kI dena : vAcaka umAsvAti kA samaya paNDita zrI sukhalAla jI ne tIsarI cauthI zatAbdI hone kA anumAna kiyA hai / AcArya kundakunda ke samaya meM 1 mahAvIra jainavidyAlaya rajatasmAraka pR0 166 /

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206 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana abhI vidvAnoM kA ekamata nahIM / AcArya kundakunda kA samaya jo bhI mAnA jAe, kintu tattvArtha aura AcArya kundakunda ke granthagata dArzanika vikAsa kI ora yadi dhyAna diyA jAe, to vAcaka umAsvAti ke tattvArthagata jainadarzana kI apekSA AcArya kundakunda ke granthagata jainadarzana kA rUpa vikasita hai, yaha kisI bhI dArzanika se chupA nahIM raha sakatA / ataeva donoM ke samaya vicAra meM isa pahalU ko bhI yathAyogya sthAna avazya denA caahie| isake prakAza meM yadi dUsare pramANoM kA vicAra kiyA jAegA, to saMbhava hai donoM ke samaya kA nirNaya sahaja meM ho skegaa| prastuta meM dArzanika vikAsa krama kA digdarzana karanA mukhya hai / ataeva AcArya kundakunda aura vAcaka ke pUrvApara-bhAva ke prazna ko alaga rakha kara hI pahale vAcaka ke tattvArtha ke Azraya se jainadArzanika tattva kI vivecanA karanA prApta hai aura usake bAda hI AcArya kundakunda kI jainadarzana ko kyA dena hai unakI carcA kI jAegI / yaha jAna lene para krama-vikAsa kaisA huA hai, yaha sahaja hI meM jJAta ho skegaa| dArzanika sUtroM kI racanA kA yuga samApta ho cukA thA, aura dArzanika sUtroM ke bhASyoM kI racanA bhI hone lagI thii| kintu jaina paramparA meM abhI taka sUtrazailI kA saMskRta grantha eka bhI nahIM banA thaa| isI truTi ko dUra karane ke lie sarvaprathama vAcaka umAsvAti ne tattvArtha sUtra kI racanA kii| unakA tattvArtha jaina sAhitya meM sUtra zailI kA sarvaprathama grantha hai, itanA hI nahIM, kintu jaina sAhitya ke saMskRta bhASA-nibaddha granthoM meM bhI vaha sarvaprathama hai| jisa prakAra bAdarAyaNa ne upaniSadoM kA dohana karake brahma-sUtroM kI racanA ke dvArA vedAnta darzana ko vyavasthita kiyA hai, usI prakAra umAsvAti ne AgamoM kA dohana karake tattvArtha sUtra kI racanA ke dvArA jaina darzana ko vyavasthita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| usameM jaina tattvajJAna, AcAra, bhUgola, khagola, jIva-vidyA, padArthavijJAna Adi nAnA prakAra ke viSayoM ke maulika mantavyoM ko mUla

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bhAgamottara jaina darzana AgamoM ke AdhAra para sUtrabaddha kiyA hai aura una sUtroM ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie svopajJa bhASya kI bhI racanA kI hai / vAcaka umAsvAti ne tattvArtha sUtra meM AgamoM kI bAtoM ko saMskRta bhASA meM vyavasthita rUpa se rakhane kA prayatna to kiyA hI hai, kintu una viSayoM kA dArzanika DhaMga se samarthana unhoMne kvacit hI kiyA hai / yaha kArya to unhoMne akalaMka Adi samartha TIkAkAroM ke lie chor3a diyA hai / ataeva tattvArtha sUtra meM prameya-tatva aura pramANa tattva ke viSaya meM sUkSma dArzanika carcA yA samarthana kI AzA nahIM karanA cAhie, tathApi usameM jo alpa mAtrA meM hI sahI, dArzanika vikAsa ke jo sImA - cinha dikhAI dete haiM, unakA nirdeza karanA Avazyaka hai / prathama prameya tatva ke viSaya meM carcA kI jAtI hai / prameya-nirUpaNa : tattvArtha sUtra aura usakA svopajJa bhASya yaha dArzanika bhASya-yuga kI kRti hai / ataeva vAcaka ne use dArzanika sUtra aura bhASya kI koTi kA grantha banAne kA prayatna kiyA hai / dArzanika sUtroM kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki unameM svasaMmata tattvoM kA nirdeza prArambha meM hI sat, sattva, artha, padArtha yA tattva evaM tattvArtha jaise zabdoM se kiyA jAtA hai / ataeva jaina dRSTi se bhI una zabdoM kA artha nizcita karake yaha batAnA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki tattva kitane haiM ? vaizeSika sUtra meM dravyaAdi chaha ko padArtha kahA hai ( 1. 1. 4) kintu arthasaMjJA dravya, guNa aura karma kI hI kahI ga hai ( 5. 2. 3. ) / sattA sambandha ke kAraNa sat yaha pAribhASika saMjJA bhI inhIM tIna kI rakhI gaI hai ( 1. 1.8 ) / nyAyasUtragata pramANaAdi solaha tattvoM ko bhASyakAra ne sat zabda se vyavahRta kiyA hai3 | sAMkhyoM ke mata se prakRti aura puruSa ye do hI tattva mAne gae haiM / dekho, 'tasvArthasUtra janAgamasamanvaya' / 3 "sacca khalu SoDazadhA vyUDhamupavekSyate' nyAyabhA0 1.1.1. / 207

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208 Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana vAcaka ne isa viSaya meM jainadarzana kA mantavya spaSTa kiyA, ki tattva, artha, tattvArtha aura padArtha ekArthaka haiM aura tattvoM kI saMkhyA sAta hai | AgamoM meM padArtha kI saMkhyA nava batAI gaI hai, ( sthA0 sU0 665 ) jaba ki vAcaka ne puNya aura pApa ko bandha meM antarbhUta karake sAta tattvoM kA hI upAdAna kiyA hai / yaha vAcaka kI nayI sUbha jAna par3atI hai / sat kA svarUpa : vAcaka umAsvAti ne nayoM kI vivecanA meM kahA hai ki 'sarvamekaM sadavizeSAt " ( tattvArtha bhA0 1.35 ) / arthAt saba eka haiM, kyoMki sabhI samAnabhAva se sat haiM / unakA yaha kathana Rgveda ke dIrghatamA RSi ke 'ekaM sad viprA bahudhA vadanti' (1.164.46 ) kI tathA upaniSadoM ke sanmUlaka sarvaprapaJca kI utpatti ke vAda kI ( chAndo0 6.2 ) yAda dilAtA hai / sthAnAMgasUtra meM 'ege prAyA' ( sU0 1) tathA 'ege loe' ( sU0 6) jaise sUtra Ate haiM / una sUtroM kI saMgati ke lie saMgrahanaya kA avalambana lenA par3atA hai / Atmatvena sabhI AtmAoM ko eka mAnakara 'ege zrAyA' isa sUtra ko saMgata kiyA jA sakatA hai tathA 'paJcAstikAya bhayo lokaH' ke siddhAnta se 'ege loe' sUtra kI bhI saMgati ho sakatI hai / yahA~ itanA hI spaSTa hai, ki Agamika mAnyatA kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa binA kie hI saMgrahanaya kA avalambana karane se ukta sUtroM kI saMgati ho jAtI hai / kintu umAsvAti ne jaba yaha kahA ki 'sarvamekaM sadavizeSAt taba isa vAkya kI vyApti kisI eka yA samagra dravya taka hI nahIM hai, kintu dravyaguNaparyAyavyApI mahAsAmAnya kA bhI sparza karatI hai / umAsvAti ke samayaparyanta meM vedAntiyoM ke sadbrahma kI aura nyAya-vaizeSikoM ke sattAsAmAnyarUpa mahAsAmAnya kI pratiSThA ho cukI thii| usI dArzanika 4 'saptavidho'rthastasvam 1.4 / 1.2 / "ete vA saptapadArthAstattvAni / 1.4 / tattvArthazraddhAnam 1.2 //

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Agamottara jaina-darzana 206 kalpanA ko saMgrahanaya kA avalambana karake jaina paribhASA kA rUpa unhoMne de diyA hai| anekAntavAda ke vivecana meM hamane yaha batAyA hai, ki AgamoM meM tiryag aura Urdhva donoM prakAra ke paryAyoM kA AdhArabhUta dravya mAnA gayA hai / jo sarva dravyoM kA avizeSa-sAmAnya thA-avisesie dave visesie jIvadavve prajIvadavve y|" anuyoga0 sU0 123 / para usakI 'sat' saMjJA Agama meM nahIM thii| vAcaka umAsvAti ko prazna honA svAbhAvika hai, ki dArzanikoM ke paramatattva 'sat' kA sthAna le sake aisA kauna padArtha hai ? vAcaka ne uttara diyA ki dravya hI sat hai" / vAcaka ne jainadarzana kI prakRti kA pUrA dhyAna rakha karake 'sat' kA lakSaNa kara diyA hai, ki 'utpAdavyayadhrauvyayukta sat' (5.26) / isase spaSTa hai ki vAcaka ne jainadarzana ke anusAra jo 'sat' kI vyAkhyA kI hai, vaha aupaniSada-darzana aura nyAya vaizeSikoM kI 'sattA' se jainasaMmata 'sat' ko vilakSaNa siddha karatI hai| ve 'sat' yA satA ko nitya mAnate haiN| vAcaka umAsvAti ne bhI 'sat' ko kahA to nitya, kintu unhoMne 'nitya' kI vyAkhyA hI aisI kI hai, jisase ekAntavAda ke viSa se nitya aisA sat mukta ho aura akhaNDita raha sake / nitya kA lakSaNa umAsvAti ne kiyA hai ki"tahabhAvAvyayaM nityam / " 5. 30 / aura isakI vyAkhyA kI ki-yat sato bhAvAna vyeti na jyeSyati tannityam / ' arthAt utpAda aura vyaya ke hote hue bhI jo sadrUpa miTakara asat nahIM ho jAtA, vaha nitya hai| paryAyeM badala jAne para bhI yadi usameM sat pratyaya hotA hai, to vaha nitya hI hai, anitya nhiiN| eka hI sat utpAdavyaya ke kAraNa asthira aura dhrauvya ke kAraNa ___5 "dharmAdIni santi iti kathaM gRha ne ? iti / pratrocyate lakSaNataH / kiJca sato lakSaNamiti ? atrocyate-'utpAdavyayadhaumpayukta sat' / " tatvArtha bhA0 5. 26 / sarvArthasiddhi meM tathA zlokavArtika meM 'sad dravyalakSaNam' aisA pRthaka sUtra bhI hai-5.26 / 'tulanA karo "yasya guNAntareSu api prAdurbhavatsu tatvena vihanyate tad dravyam / kiM. punastattvam" ? tadbhAvastattvam pAtaMjalamahAbhASya 5.1.116 /

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210 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana sthira aise paraspara virodhI dharmoM kI bhUmi kaise ho sakatA hai ? isa virodha kA parihAra bhI vAcaka umAsvAti ne "apitaanpitsiddhH|" (5. 31.) sUtra se kiyA hai aura usakI vyAkhyA meM Agamokta pUrvapratipAdita saptabhaMgI kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| saptabhaMgI kA vahI Agamokta purAnA rUpa prAya: unhoM zabdoM meM bhASya meM uddhRta huA hai / jaisA Agama meM vacanabheda ko bhaMgoM kI yojanA meM mahattva diyA gayA hai, vaisA vAcaka umAsvAti ne bhI kiyA hai / avaktavya bhaMga kA sthAna tIsarA hai / prathama ke tIna bhaMgoM kI yojanA dikhAkara zeSa vikalpoM ko zabdataH uddhRta nahIM kiyA, kintu prasiddhi ke kAraNa vistAra karanA unhoMne ucita na samajhakara'dezAdezena vikalpayitavyam aisA Adeza de diyA hai| vAcaka umAsvAti ne sat ke cAra bheda batAe haiM-1. dravyAstika, 2. mAtRkApadAstika, 3. utpannAstika, aura 4. paryAyAstika / sat kA aisA vibhAga anyatra dekhA nahIM jAtA, ina cAra bhedoM kA vizeSa vivaraNa vAcaka umAsvAti ne nahIM kiyaa| TIkAkAra ne vyAkhyA meM matabhedoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai / prathama ke do bheda dravyanayAzrita haiM aura antima do paryAyanayAzrita haiN| dravyAstika se paramasaMgrahaviSayabhUta sat dravya aura mAtRkApadAstika se sat dravya ke vyavahAranayAzrita dharmAstikAyAdi dravya aura unake bheda-prabheda abhipreta haiN| pratyeka kSaNa meM navanavotpanna vastu kA rUpa utpannAstika se aura pratyeka kSaNa meM hone vAlA vinAza yA bheda paryAyAstika se abhipreta hai / dravya, paryAya aura guNa kA lakSaNa : jaina AgamoM meM sat ke lie dravya zabda kA prayoga AtA hai| kintu dravya zabda ke aneka artha pracalita the / ataeva spaSTa zabdoM meM jaina saMmata dravya kA lakSaNa bhI karanA Avazyaka thaa| uttarAdhyayana meM mokSamArgAdhyayana (28) hai| usameM jJAna ke viSayabhUta dravya, guNa aura pramANamI0 bhASA0 pR0 54 /

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Agamottara jaina-darzana 211 paryAya ye tIna padArtha batAe gae haiM (gA0 5) anyatra bhI ye hI tIna padArtha ginAe haiN| kintu dravya ke lakSaNa meM kevala guNa ko hI sthAna milA hai-"guNANamAsao davvaM" ( gA0 6 ) / vAcaka ne guNa aura paryAya donoM ko dravya lakSaNa meM sthAna diyA hai-"guNaparyAyavad dravyam (5.37) / vAcaka ke isa lakSaNa meM AgamAzraya to spaSTa hai hI, kintu zAbdika racanA meM vaizeSika ke "kriyAguNavat" (1.1.15) ityAdi dravyalakSaNa kA prabhAva bhI spaSTa hai / guNa kA lakSaNa uttarAdhyayana meM kiyA gayA hai ki "egadamvassiyA guNA" (28.6) / kintu vaizeSika sUtra meM "dravyAzrayyaguNavAn" (1.1:16) ityAdi hai / vAcaka apanI Agamika paramparA kA avalambana lete hue bhI vaizeSika sUtra kA upayoga karake guNa kA lakSaNa karate haiM ki "dravyAzrayA nirguNAH gunnaaH|" (5.40) / yahA~ eka vizeSa bAta kA dhyAna rakhanA jarUrI hai / yadyapi jaina Agamika paramparA kA avalambana lekara hI vAcaka ne vaizeSika sUtroM kA upayoga kiyA hai, tathApi apanI paramparA kI dRSTi se unakA dravya aura guNa kA lakSaNa jitanA nirdoSa aura pUrNa hai, utanA svayaM vaizeSika kA bhI nahIM hai| bauddhoM ke mata se paryAya yA guNa hI sat mAnA jAtA hai aura vedAnta ke mata se paryAyaviyukta dravya hI sat mAnA jAtA hai| inhIM donoM matoM kA nirAsa vAcaka ke dravya aura guNa lakSaNoM meM spaSTa hai| uttarAdhyayana meM paryAya kA lakSaNa hai-"lakkhaNaM pajjavANaM tu ubhanno assiyA bhave / " (28.6) ubhayapada kA TIkAkAra ne jainaparamparA ke hArda ko pakar3a karake dravya aura guNa artha karake kahA hai, ki dravya aura guNAzrita jo ho, vaha paryAya hai| kintu svayaM mUlakAra ne jo paryAya ke viSaya meM Age calakara yaha gAthA kahI hai-- 8 "se ki taM tinAme davaNAme, guNaNAme, pajjavaNAme / " anuyoga sU0 124 / dekho, vaizeSika-upaskAra 1.1.15,16 / Jain Education. International

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212 Agama-yuga kA jana-darzana eka ca purAM ca saMkhA saMThANameva ca / saMjogA ya vibhAgA ya paMjjAvANaM tu lakkhaNaM // " usase yaha pratIta hotA hai, ki mUlakAra ko ubhayapada se do yA adhika dravya abhipreta haiM / isakA mUla guNoM ko ekadravyAzrita aura aneka dravyAzrita aise do prakAroM meM vibhakta karane vAlI kisI prAcIna paramparA meM ho, to Azcarya nahIM / vaizeSika paramparA meM bhI guNoM kA aisA vibhAjana dekhA jAtA hai - saMyogavibhAgadvitvadvipRthaktvA vayo'nekAzritAH / " prazasta0 guNanirUpaNa / paryAya kA ukta Agamika lakSaNa sabhI prakAra ke paryAyoM ko vyApta nahIM karatA / kintu itanA hI sUcita karatA hai, ki ubhaya dravyAzrita ko guNa kahA nahIM jAtA, use to paryAya kahanA cAhie / ataeva vAcaka ne paryAya kA nirdoSa lakSaNa karane kA yatna kiyA hai| vAcaka ke " bhAvAntaraM saMjJAntaraM ca paryAyaH / " ( 5.37 ) isa vAkya meM paryAya ke artha aura vyaMjana - zabda donoM dRSTiyoM se huA hai / kintu paryAya kA lakSaNa to unhoMne kiyA hai ki " "tabhAvaH pariNAmaH " / ( 5.41 ) yahA~ paryAya ke lie pariNAma zabda kA prayoga sAbhiprAya hai ! svarUpa kA nirdeza maiM pahale yaha to batA AyA hU~, ki AgamoM meM paryAya ke lie pariNAma zabda kA prayoga huA hai / sAMkhya aura yogadarzana meM bhI pariNAma zabda paryAya artha meM hI prasiddha hai / ataeva vAcaka ne usI zabda ko lekara paryAya kA lakSaNa grathita kiyA hai, aura usakI vyAkhyA meM kahA hai ki, "dharmAdInAM dravyANAM yathoktAnAM ca guNAnAM svabhAvaH svatasvaM pariNAmaH" arthAt dharma Adi dravya aura guNa jisa-jisasvabhAva meM ho jisa-jisa rUpa meM AtmalAbha prApta karate hoM, unakA vaha svabhAva yA svarUpa pariNAma hai, paryAya hai / 10 kaH punarasau paryAya: ityAha-tadbhAvaH pariNAmaH / " tasvArthazlo0 pR0 440 /

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prAgamottara jaina-darzana 213 pariNAmoM ko vAcaka ne AdimAn aura anAdi aise do bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| pratyeka dravya meM donoM prakAra ke pariNAma hote haiM / jaise jIva meM jIvatva, dravyatva, ityAdi anAdi pariNAma haiM aura yoga aura upayoga AdimAn pariNAma haiN| unakA yaha vizleSaNa jainAgama aura itara darzana ke mAmika abhyAsa kA phala hai| guNa aura paryAya se dravya viyukta nahIM: vAcaka umAsvAtikRta dravya ke lakSaNa se yaha to phalita ho hI jAtA hai, ki guNa aura paryAya se rahita aisA koI dravya ho nahIM sktaa| isa bAta ko unhoMne anyatra spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA bhI hai-"dradhyajIva iti guNaparyAyaviyuktaHprajJAsthApito'nAdipAriNAmikabhAvayukto jIva iti / ' tattvArtha-bhASya 15 / guNa aura paryAya se vastutaH pRthaka aisA dravya nahIM hotA, kintu prajJA se usakI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai| guNa aura paryAya kI vivakSA na karake dravya ko guNa aura paryAya se pRthak samajhA jA sakatA hai, para vastutaH pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vaizeSika paribhASA meM kahanA ho, to dravya aura guNa-paryAya ayuta siddha haiM / guNa-paryAya se rahita aise dravya kI anupalabdhi ke kathana se yaha to spaSTa nahIM hotA hai, ki dravya se rahita guNa-paryAya upalabdha ho sakate haiM yA nhiiN| isakA spaSTIkaraNa bAda ke AcAryoM ne kiyA hai| kAladravya : jaina AgamoM meM dravya varNana prasaMga meM kAladravya ko pRthak ginAyA gayA hai, aura use jIvAjIvAtmaka bhI kahA hai| isase AgamakAla se "tasvArSa0 5.42. se| 12 cauthA karmagrantha pR0 157 / 13 bhagavatI 2.10.120 / 11.11.424 / 13.4.482,483 125.4 / ityAdi / prAjJApanA pada 1 / uttarA 28.10 / ___14 sthAnAMga sUtra 65 / jIvAbhigama / 4 "kimiyaM bhaMte ! loetti pavaccA ? goyamA, pNcyikaayaa|" bhagavatI 13.4.451 / paMcAstikAya gA0 3. / tasvArtha bhA0 3.6. /

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214 zrAgama-yuga kA jana-darzana hI kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnane na mAnane kI do paramparAe~ thIM, yaha spaSTa hai / vAcaka umAsvAti 'kAlazca ityeke ( 5.38 ) sUtra se yaha sUcita karate haiM, ki ve kAla ko pRthak dravya mAnane ke pakSapAtI nahIM the / kAla ko pRthak nahIM mAnane kA pakSa prAcIna mAlUma hotA hai, kyoMki loka kyA hai ? isa prazna kA uttara zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM ke mata se eka hI hai ki loka paMcAstikAyamaya hai / kahIM yaha uttara nahIM dekhA gayA, ki loka SaDdravyAtmaka hai / ataeva mAnanA par3atA hai, ki jainadarzana meM kAla ko pRthak mAnane kI paramparA utanI prAcIna nahIM / yahI kAraNa hai, ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM meM kAla ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM matabheda bhI dekhA jAtA hai" / 1 uttarAdhyayana meM kAla kA lakSaNa hai " vattaNAlakkhaNo kAlo" ( 28.10 ) / kintu vAcaka ne kAla ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki 'vartanA pariNAmaH kriyA paratvAparatve ca kAlasya " ( 5.22 ) / vAcaka kA yaha kathana vaizeSika sUtra se " prabhAvita hai / pudgala dravya : Agama meM pudgalAstikAya kA lakSaNa 'grahaNa' kiyA gayA hai-- " gahaNalakkhaNe NaM poggalatthikAe" ( bhagavatI - 13. 4.481) / " guNazro gahaNaguNe" ( bhagavatI - 2.10.117 / sthAnAMga sU0 441 ) isa sUtra se yaha phalita hotA hai, ki vastu kA avyabhicArI - sahabhAvI guNa hI AgamakAra ko lakSaNa rUpa se iSTa thA / kevala pudgala ke viSaya meM hI nahIM, kintu 1" isameM eka hI apavAda uttarAdhyayana kA hai 28.7. / kintu isakA spaSTIkaraNa yahI hai ki vahA~ chaha dravya mAnakara varNana kiyA hai| ataeva usa varNana ke sAtha saMgati rakhane ke lie loka ko chaha dravyarUpa kahA hai / zranyatra dravya mAnane vAloM ne bhI loka ko paMcAstikAyamaya hI kahA hai / jaise prAcArya kundakunda SaDdravyavAdI hote hue bhI loka ko jaba paMcAstikAyamaya hI kahate haiM, taba usa paramparA kI prAcInatA spaSTa ho jAtI hai / 16 cauthA - karmagrantha pR0 158 / 17 vaize 02.2.6. 1 prajJApanA pada 1 / bhagavatI 7.10.3040 / anuyoga0 sU0 144

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zrAgamottara jaina-darzana jIvaprAdi viSaya meM bhI jo unake upayogaAdi guNa haiM, unhIM kA lakSaNarUpa se bhagavatI meM nirdeza hai, isase yahI phalita hotA hai, ki AgamakAla meM guNa hI lakSaNa samajhA jAtA rahA / grahaNa kA artha kyA hai, yaha bhI bhagavatI ke nimna sUtra hotA hai "poggalatthakAe NaM jIvANaM zrorAliya-veubviya zrAhArae teyAkammae soi diyacakviMdiya - ghANidiya-- jibbhidiya phAsidiya - maNajoga-vayajoga-kAyajoga - zrANApANUNaM ca gahaNaM pavattati gahaNalakkhaNe NaM poggalatthikAe" bhagavatI 13.4.481 / 215 jIva apane zarIra, indriya, yoga aura zvAsocchvAsa rUpa se pudgaloM kA grahaNa karatA hai, kyoMki pudgala kA lakSaNa hI grahaNa hai / phalita yaha hotA hai, ki pudgala meM jIva ke sAtha sambandha hone kI yogyatA kA pratipAdana usake sAmAnya lakSaNa grahaNa arthAt sambandha yogyatA ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai / tAtparya itanA hI jAna par3atA hai ki jo baMdhayogya hai, vaha pudgala hai / isa prakAra pudgaloM meM paraspara aura jIva ke sAtha baddha hone kI zakti kA pratipAdana grahaNa zabda se kiyA gayA hai / se spaSTa isa vyAkhyA se pudgala kA svarUpa- bodha spaSTa rUpa se nahIM hotA / uttarAdhyayana meM usakI jo dUsarI vyAkhyA (28.12 ) kI gaI hai, vaha svarUpabodhaka hai " saddandhayAraujjomro pahA chAyAtavei vA / vaNNarasagandhaphAsA puggalANaM tu lakkhaNaM // " darzanAntara meM zabdaprAdi ko guNa aura dravya mAnane kI bhinna bhinna kalpanAe~ pracalita haiM / isake sthAna meM ukta sUtra meM zabdaprAdi kA samAveza pudgala dravya meM karane kI sUcanA kI hai aura pudgala dravya kI vyAkhyA bhI kI hai, ki jo varNa Adi yukta hai, so pudgala / vAcaka ke sAmane Agamokta dravyoM kA nimna vargIkaraNa hI thA

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216 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana jIva dravya 1 arUpI 1. dharmAstikAya 2. adharmAstikAya 3. AkAzAstikAya 4. addhAsamaya (kAla) ajIva 1 isake anusAra pudgala ke alAvA koI dravya rUpI nahIM hai / ataevaM mukhya rUpa se pudgala kA lakSaNa vAcaka ne kiyA ki " sparzarasagandhavarNavantaH pudglaaH|" (5.23) / tathA " zabda - bandha- saukSmya-sthautya-saMsthAna - meda - tamazchAyA tapodyotavantazca / " ( 5.24 ) isa sUtra meM bandhayAdi aneka naye padoM kA bhI samAveza karake uttarAdhyayana ke lakSaNa kI vizeSa pUrti kI / T rUpI 1. pudgala pudgala ke viSaya meM pRthak do sUtroM kI kyoM AvazyakatA hai ? isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue vAcaka ne jo kahA hai, usase unakI dArzanika vizleSaNa zakti kA patA hameM lagatA hai / unhoMne kahA hai ki "sparzAdayaH paramANuSu skandheSu ca pariNAmajA eva bhavanti / zabdAdayazca skandheSveva bhavanti anekanimittAzca ityataH pRthakkaraNam" tattvArthabhASya 5.2 / parantu dravyoM kA sAdharmya - vaidharmya batAte samaya unhoMne jo " rUpiNaH pudgalAH" ( 5.4 ) kahA hai, vahI vastutaH pudgala kA sarvasaMkSipta lakSaNa hai aura dUsare dravyoM se pudgala kA vaidharmya bhI pratipAdita karatA hai /

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prAgamottara jaina-darzana 217 "rUpiNaH pudgalAH" meM rUpa zabda kA kyA artha hai ? isakA uttara"rUpaM mUtiH mUzriyAzca sparzAdaya iti / " (tattvArtha bhA0 5.3) isa vAkya se mila jAtA hai / rUpa zabda kA yaha artha, bauddha dharma prasiddha nAmarUpagata rUpa0 zabda ke artha se milatA hai| vaizeSika mana ko mUrta mAnakara bhI rUpa Adi se rahita mAnate haiN| usakA nirAsa 'rUpaM mUrtiH' kahane se ho jAtA hai| indriya-nirUpaNa : vAcaka ne indriyoM ke nirUpaNa meM kahA hai ki indriyA~ pA~ca hI haiN| pA~ca saMkhyAkA grahaNa karake unhoMne naiyAyikoM ke SaDindriyavAda aura sAMkhyoM ke ekAdazendriyavAda tathA bauddhoM ke jJAnendriyavAda kA nirAsa kiyA hai| amUrta dravyoM ko ekatrAvagAhanA : eka hI pradeza meM dharmAdi sabhI dravyoM kA astitva kaise ho sakatA hai ? yaha prazna AgamoM meM cacita dekhA gyaa| para vAcaka ne isakA uttara diyA hai, ki dharma-adharma AkAza aura jIva kI paraspara meM vatti aura pudgala meM una sabhI kI vRtti kA koI virodha nahIM, kyoMki ve amUrta haiN| ___ Upara vaNita tathA anya aneka viSayoM meM vAcaka umAsvAti ne apane dArzanika pANDitya kA pradarzana kiyA hai / jaise jIva kI nAnA prakAra kI zarIrAvagahanA kI siddhi, (5.16), apavartya aura anapavartya AyuSoM kI yogadarzana bhASya kA avalambana karake siddhi (2.52) / pramANa-nirUpaNa : isa bAta kI carcA maiMne pahale ko hai, ki Agama kAla meM svatantra jainadRSTi se pramANa kI carcA nahIM huI hai / anuyogadvAra meM jJAna ko pramANa kaha kara bhI spaSTa rUpa se jainAgama meM prasiddha pA~ca jJAnoM ko pramANa nahIM kahA hai / itanA hI nahIM, balki jainadRSTi se jJAna ke pratyakSa aura 20 "cattAri ca mahAbhUtAni catumnaM ca mahAbhUtAnaM upAdAya rUpaM ti duvidhampetaM. rupaM ekAdasavidhena saMgaha-gacchati / " abhidhammatthasaMgaha 6.1 se /

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218 prAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana parokSa aise do prakAra hone para bhI unakA varNana na karake darzanAntara ke anusAra pramANa ke tIna yA cAra prakAra batAe gae haiM / ataeva svatantra jaina dRSTi se pramANa kI carcA kI AvazyakatA rhii| isakI pUrti vAcaka ne kI hai| vAcaka ne samanvaya kara diyA, ki matyAdi pA~ca jJAna hI pramANa hai| pratyakSa-parokSa : __matyAdi pA~coM jJAnoM kA nAmollekha karake vAcaka ne kahA hai ki ye hI pA~ca jJAna pratyakSa aura parokSa aise do pramANoM meM vibhakta hai| spaSTa hai, ki vAcaka ne jJAna ke prAgama prasiddha pratyakSa aura parokSa do bheda ko lakSya karake hI pramANa ke do bheda kie haiN| unhoMne dekhA ki jaina AgamoM meM jaba jJAna ke do prakAra hI siddha haiM, taba pramANa ke bhI do prakAra hI karanA ucita hai| ataeva unhoMne anuyoga aura sthAnAMga gata pramANa ke cAra yA tIna bheda, jo ki lokAnusArI haiM, unheM chor3a hI diyaa| aisA karane se hI svatantra jainadRSTi se pramANa aura paMca jJAna kA sampUrNa samanvaya siddha ho jAtA hai aura jaina AgamoM ke anukUla pramANa-vyavasthA bhI bana jAtI hai| vAcaka umAsvAti laukika paraMparA ko apanI Agamika maulika paraMparA ke jitanA mahatva denA cAhate na. the, aura dArzanika jagata meM jaina Agamika paraMparA kA svAtaMtrya bhI dikhAnA cAhate the / yahI kAraNa hai, ki anuyogadvAra meM jo lokAnusaraNa karake indriya pratyakSa rUpa AMzikamatijJAna ko pratyakSa pramANa kahA hai, use unhoMne amAnya rakhA / itanA hI nahIM, kintu nandI meM jo 'indriyajamati ko pratyakSa jJAna kahA hai, use bhI amAnya rakhA aura pratyakSa-parokSa kI prAcIna maulika Agamika vyavasthA kA anusaraNa karake kaha diyA ki mati aura zruta jJAna parokSa pramANa haiM aura avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala pratyakSa pramANa haiM / 23 21 tatvArtha0 1.10 / 22 "matizrutAvadhimanaHparyAyakevalAni jJAnam // 6 // tat pramANe // 10 // " tatvArya0 1. / 23 "prAdye parokSam / pratyakSamanyat / " tattvArtha 1.10,11 /

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mAgamottara jaina-darzana 216 bAda ke jaina dArzanikoM ne isa viSaya meM vAcaka umAsvAti kA anusaraNa nahIM kiyA, balki lokAnusaraNa karake indriya pratyakSa ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa mAnA hai| pramANa saMkhyAntara kA vicAra : jaba vAcaka ne pramANa ke do bheda kie, taba prazna honA svAbhAvika hai ki jainAgama meM jo pratyakSAdi cAra pramANa mAne gae haiM, usakA kyA spaSTIkaraNa hai ? tathA dUsaroM ne jo anumAna, upamAna, Agama, arthApatti, saMbhava aura abhAva pramANa mAne haiM, unakA ina do pramANoM ke sAtha kyA mela hai ? unhoMne usakA uttara diyA ki AgamoM meM pramANa ke jo cAra bheda kie gae haiM, ve nayavAdAntara se haiM24 tathA darzanAntara meM jo anumAnAdi pramANa mAne jAte haiM, unakA samAveza matizrutarUpa parokSa pramANa meM karanA caahie| kyoMki una sabhI meM indriyArthasannikarSarUpa nimitta upasthita haiN| isa uttara se unako saMpUrNa saMtoSa nahIM huA, kyoMki mithyAgraha hone ke kAraNa jaineta ra dArzanikoM kA jJAna Agamika paribhASA ke anusAra ajJAna hI kahA jAtA hai| ajJAna to apramANa hai| ataeva unhoMne isa Agamika dRSTi ko sAmane rakha kara eka dUsarA bhI uttara diyA ki darzanAntara saMmata anumAnAdi apramANa hI haiN| uparyukta do virodhI mantavya prakaTa karane se unake sAmane aisA prazna AyA ki darzanAntarIya cAra pramANoM ko nayavAda se pramANa-koTi meM ginate ho aura darzanAntarIya sabhI anumAnAdi pramANoM ko mati zruta meM samAviSTa karate ho, isakA kyA samAdhAna hai ? 24 tattvArtha0 bhA0 1.6 / 25 tattvArtha bhA0 1.12 / 26 "prapramANAnyeva vA / kutaH ? mithyAdarzana-parigrahAt viparItopadezAcca / mithyAdRSTehi matizrutAvaSayo niyatamajJAnameveti / " tattvArtha bhA0 1.12 /

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zrAgama-yuga kA jana-darzana isakA uttara yoM diyA hai - zabdanaya ke abhiprAya se jJAna - ajJAna kA vibhAga hI nahIM / sabhI sAkAra upayoga jJAna hI haiM / zabdanaya zruta aura kevala ina do jJAnoM ko hI mAnatA hai / bAkI ke saba jJAnoM ko zruta kA upagrAhaka mAnakara unakA pRthak parigaNana nahIM karatA / isI dRSTi se Agama meM pratyakSAdi cAra ko pramANa kahA gayA hai aura isI dRSTi se anumAnAdi kA antarbhAva mati zruta meM kiyA gayA hai" / pramANa aura apramANa kA vibhAga naigama, saMgraha aura vyavahAra naya ke avalambana se hotA hai, kyoMki ina tInoM nayoM ke mata se jJAna aura ajJAna donoM kA pRthak astitva mAnA gayA hai" / 220 pramANa kA lakSaNa : vAcaka ke mata se samyagjJAna hI pramANa kA lakSaNa hai / samyagzabda kI vyAkhyA meM unhoMne kahA hai, ki jo prazasta avyabhicArI yA saMgata ho, vaha samyag hai / isa lakSaNa meM naiyAyikoM ke pratyakSa lakSaNagata avyabhicArivizeSaNa aura usI ko spaSTa karane vAlA saMgata vizeSaNa jo Age jAkara bAdhavivarjita yA avisaMvAda rUpa se prasiddha huA, Ae haiM, kintu usameM 'svaparavyavasAya' ne sthAna nahIM pAyA hai / vAcaka ne kArmaNa zarIra ko sva aura anya zarIroM kI utpatti meM kAraNa siddha karane ke lie Aditya kI svaparaprakAzakatA kA dRSTAnta diyA hai / kintu usI dRSTAnta ke bala se jJAna ko svaparaprakAzakatA kI siddhi, jaise Age ke AcAryoM ne kI hai, unhoMne nahIM kI / jJAnoM kA sahabhAva aura vyApAra : vAcaka umAsvAti ne AgamoM kA avalambana lekara jJAnoM ke sahabhAva kA vicAra kiyA hai ( 1,31) / usa prasaMga meM eka prazna uThAyA 27 tatvArtha bhA0 1.35 / 28 tatvArtha bhA0 1.35 / 29 tattvArtha bhA0 1.1 / 3deg tatvArtha bhA0 2.46 /

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prAgamosara jaina-darzana 221 hai, ki kevalajJAna ke samaya anya cAra jJAna hote haiM, ki nahIM? isa viSaya ko lekara AcAryoM meM matabheda thaa| kucha AcAryoM kA kahanA thA ki kevalajJAna ke hone para matyAdi kA abhAva nahIM ho jAtA, kintu abhibhava ho jAtA hai, jaise sUrya ke udaya se candra nakSatrAdi kA abhibhava ho jAtA hai / isa mata ko amAnya karake vAcaka ne kaha diyA hai ki-'kSayopazamajAni catvAri jJAnAni pUrvANi, kSayAdeva kevalam / tasmAna kevalinaH zeSANi jJAnAni bhavanti / " tatvArtha bhASya 1,31 / unake isa abhiprAya ko Age ke sabhI jaina dArzanikoM ne mAnya rakhA hai| ekAdhika jJAnoM kA vyApAra eka sAtha ho sakatA hai ki nahIM? isa prazna kA uttara diyA hai, ki prathama ke matyAdi cAra jJAnoM kA vyApAra (upayoga) kramazaH hotA hai| kintu kevala jJAna aura kevala darzana kA vyApAra yugapat hI hotA hai / isa viSaya ko lekara jaina dArzanikoM meM kAphI matabheda ho gayA hai| maMti-zruta kA viveka : nandIsUtrakAra kA abhiprAya hai ki mati aura zruta anyonyAnugataavibhAjya haiM arthAt jahA~ matijJAna hotA hai, vahA~ zrutajJAna, aura jahA~ zrutajJAna hotA hai, vahA~ matijJAna hotA hI hai33 / nandIkAra ne kisI AcArya kA mata uddhRta kiyA hai ki-"mai puvvaM jeNa suyaM na maI suyapubviyA" (sU0 24) arthAt zruta jJAna to matipUrvaka hai, kintu mati zrutapUrvaka nahIM / ataeva mati aura zruta kA bheda honA cAhie / mati aura zrutajJAna kI isa bheda-rekhA ko mAnakara vAcaka ne use aura bhI spaSTa kiyA ki-"utpannAvinaSTArthagrAhakaM sAMpratakAlaviSayaM matijJAnaM zrutajJAnaM tu trikAla viSayam. utpanna vinaSTAnutpannArthagrAhakamiti / " tattvArtha bhASya 1,20 / isI bhedarekhA ko AcArya,jinabhadra ne aura bhI puSTa kiyA hai / 31 tatvArtha bhA0 1.31 / 3* jJAnabindu-paricaya pR0 54 / 33 nandI sUtra 24 / 34 "zrutaM matipUrvam" tattvArtha 1.20 / tatvAryabhA0 1.31 /

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222 bhAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana matijJAna ke bheda : AgamoM meM matijJAna ko avagrahAdi cAra bhedoM meM yA zrutanizritAdi do bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara prabhedoM kI saMkhyA dI gaI hai| kintu vAcaka ne matijJAna ke bhedoM kA krama kucha badala diyA hai (1,14 se) / matijJAna ke maulika bhedoM ko sAdhana bheda se vAcaka ne vibhakta kiyA hai| unakA krama nimna prakAra se hai| eka bAta kA dhyAna rahe, ki isameM sthAnAMga aura nandIgata azrutaniHsRta aura zrutaniHsRta aise bhedoM ko sthAna nahIM milA, kintu usa prAcIna paramparA kA anusaraNa hai, jisameM matijJAna ke aise bheda nahIM the| dUsarA isa bAta kA bhI dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki nandI Adi zAstroM meM avagrahAdi ke bahvAdi prakAra nahIM ginAe haiM, jabaki tattvArtha meM ve vidyamAna haiM / sthAnAMgasUtra ke chaThe sthAnaka meM (sU0 510) bahvAdi avagrahAdi kA parigaNana kramabheda se hai, kintu vahA~ tattvArthagata pratipakSI bhedoM kA ullekha nhiiN| isase patA calatA hai, ki jJAnoM ke bhedoM meM bahvAdi avagrahAdi ke bheda kI paramparA prAcIna nhiiN| matijJAna ke do bheda : 1. indriyanimitta 2. anindriyanimitta matijJAna ke cAra bheda : 1. avagraha 2. IhA 3. avAya 4. dhAraNA matijJAna ke pradAIsa bheda : indriyanimittamatijJAna ke caubIsa bheda : 35 sthAnAMga kA krama hai--kSipra, bahu, bahuvidha, dhrava, anizrita aura asaMdigdha tattvArtha kA krama hai-baha, bahuvidha kSipra, anizrita, asaMdiggha aura dhrv| digambara pATha meM asaMdigdha ke sthAna meM anukta hai|

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prAgamottara jana-darzana 223 5 sparzanendriyajanya vyaMjanAvagraha arthAvagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA 5 rasanendriyajanya 5 ghrANendriyajanya 5 zrotrendriyajanya 4 cakSurindriyajanya arthAvagrahAdi 4 anindriyajanya arthAvagrahAdi matijJAna ke eka-sau ar3asaTha bheda : ukta aThAIsa bheda ke pratyeka ke 1. bahu, 2. bahuvidha, 3. kSipra, 4. anizrita, 5. asaMdigdha aura 6. dhruva ye chaha bheda karane se 2846=168 bheda hote haiN| matijJAna ke tIna-sau chattIsa bheda : ukta 28 bheda ke pratyeka ke-1. bahu, 2. alpa, 3. bahuvidha 4. alpavidha, 5. kSipra, 6. akSipra, 7. anizrita, 8. nizrita, 9. asaMdigdha, 10. saMdigdha, 11. dhruva aura 12. adhruva ye bAhara bheda karane se 28412= 336 hote haiM / matijJAna ke 336 bheda ke atirikta vAcaka ne prathama 168 jo bheda die hai, usameM sthAnAMganirdiSTa avagrahAdi ke pratipakSa-rahita chahI bheda mAnane kI paramparA kAraNa ho sakatA hai| anyathA vAcaka ke mata se jaba avagrahAdi bahvAdi se itara hote haiM to 168 bheda nahIM ho skte| 28 ke bAda 336 hI ko sthAna milanA caahie| isase hama kaha sakate haiM, ki prathama avagrahAdi ke bahvAdi bheda nahIM kie jAte the / jaba se kie jAne lage, kevala chaha hI bhedoM ne sarva prathama sthAna pAyA aura bAda meM 12 bhedoM ne| avagrahAdi ke lakSaNa aura paryAya : nandIsUtra meM matijJAna ke avagrahAdi bhedoM kA lakSaNa to nahIM kiyA gayA, kintu unakA svarUpabodha paryAyavAcaka zabdoM ke dvArA aura

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224 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana dRSTAnta dvArA karAyA gayA hai| vAcaka ne avagrahAdi matibhedoM kA lakSaNa kara diyA hai aura paryAyavAcaka zabda bhI de die haiN| ye paryAyavAcaka zabda eka hI artha ke bodhaka haiM, yA nAnA artha ke ? isa viSaya ko lekara TIkAkAroM meM vivAda huaA hai / usakA mUla yahI mAlUma hotA hai, ki mUlakAra ne paryAyoM kA saMgraha karane meM do bAtoM kA dhyAna rakhA hai / ve ye haiMsamAnArthaka zabdoM kA saMgraha karanA aura sajAtIya jJAnoM kA saMgraha karane ke lie tadvAcaka zabdoM kA saMgraha bhI karanA / artha-paryAya aura vyaJjanaparyAya donoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ nandI aura umAsvAti ke paryAya zabdoM kA tulanAtmaka koSThaka denA upayukta hogA vinA yaM lokAnAmapi na ghaTate saMvyavahRtiH, samarthA naivArthAnadhigamayitu shbd-rcnaa| vitaNDA caNDAlI spRzati ca vivAda-vyasaninaM, namastasmai kasmaicidanizamanekAnta-mahase // -anekAnta-vyavasthA

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x: x matijJAna nando tatvArya Abhinibodhika , IhA apoha x vimarza mArgaNA gaveSaNA saMjJA " smRti mati Xxx x X x x X avagraha avAya dhAraNA nanvI tattvArtha nandI tattvArtha nandI tattvArtha nandI tattvArtha avagraha ) , avAya x dhAraNA avagrahaNatA / grahaNa IhA , AvartanatA x dhAraNA upadhAraNatA avadhAraNa AbhoganatA x pratyAvartanatA x sthApanA x zravaNatA x vimarza x apAya apAya pratiSThA avalambanatA x mArgaNA ra buddhi x koSTha x medhA x gaveSaNA x vijJAna x x pratipatti x Alocana ciMtA x x apagama x avadhAraNa X UhA x apanoda x avasthAna tarka x apavyAdha x nizcaya x parIkSA x apeta x avagama x vicAraNA x apagata x avabodha x jijJAsA x apaviddha apanutta . X : X prajJA x: X xx xx prAgamottara jaina-darzana ciMtA x 225

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226 bhAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana naya-nirUpaNa : vAcaka umAsvAti ne kahA hai, 'ki nAma Adi nikSepoM se nyasta jIva Adi tattvoM kA adhigama pramANa aura naya se karanA cAhie / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki nikSepa, pramANa aura naya mukhyata: ina tInoM kA upayoga tattva ke adhigama meM hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki siddhasena Adi sabhI dArzanikoM ne upAyatatva ke nirUpaNa meM pramANa, naya aura nikSepa kA vicAra kiyA hai| anuyoga ke mUladvAra upakrama, nikSepa anugama aura naya ye cAra haiM / inameM se dArzanika yuga meM pramANa, naya aura nikSepa hI kA vivecana milatA hai / naya aura nikSepa ne to anuyoga ke mUla dvAra meM sthAna pAyA hai, para pramANa svatantra dvAra na hokara, upakrama dvAra ke prabheda rUpa se AyA hai| __anuyogadvAra ke mata se bhAvapramANa tIna prakAra kA hai-guNapramANa (pratyakSAdi), nayapramANa aura sNkhyaaprmaann| ataeva tattvata: dekhA jAe, to naya aura pramANa kI prakRti eka hI hai| pramANa aura naya kA tAttvika bheda nahIM hai / donoM vastu ke adhigama ke upAya haiN| kintu pramANa akhaNDa vastu ke adhigama kA upAya hai aura naya vastvaMza ke adhigama kaa| isI bheda ko lakSya karake jainazAstroM meM pramANa se naya kA pArthakya mAnakara donoM kA svatantra vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai, ki vAcaka ne bhI 'pramANanayairadhigamaH (1.6) isa sUtra meM pramANa se naya kA pRthakaupAdAna kiyA hai| 35 "eSAM ca jIvAditattvAnAM yathoddiSTAnAM nAmAdibhiyaMstAnAM pramANanayaM radhigamo bhavati / " tattvArtha bhA0 1.6 3 anuyogadvAra sU0 56 / 38 anuyoga dvAra sU0 70 39 anuyogadvAra sU0 146 / 40 tattvArthabhA0 TIkA0 1.6 /

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zrIgamottara jaina darzana naya- saMkhyA : tattvArtha sUtra ke svopajJabhASya-saMmata aura tadanusArI TIkA-saMmata pATha ke AdhAra para yaha siddha hai, ki vAcaka ne pA~ca mUla naya mAne haiM "naMgamasaMgrahavyavahArarjusUtra zabdA nayA:" (1.34) / yaha ThIka hai, ki grAgama meM spaSTarUpa se pAMca nahIM, kintu sAta mUla nayoM kA ullekha hai 2 / kintu anuyoga meM zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta kI sAmAnya saMjJA zabdanaya dI gaI hai - " tiNhaM sahanayANaM" ( sU0 148, 151 ) / ataeva vAcaka ne aMtima tInoM ko zabda sAmAnya ke antargata karake mUla nayoM kI pAMca saMkhyA batalAI hai, so anAgamika nahIM / dArzanikoM ne jo nayoM ke artha naya aura zabda - naya4 3 aise do vibhAga kie haiM, usakA mUla bhI isa taraha se Agama jitanA purAnA hai, kyoMki Agama meM jaba aMtima tInoM ko zabda-naya kahA, taba arthAt siddha ho jAtA hai, ki prArambha ke cAra artha naya haiM / 227 vAcaka ne zabda ke tIna bheda kie haiM- sAMprata, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta | pratIta hotA hai, ki zabda sAmAnya se vizeSa zabda naya ko pRthak karane ke lie vAcaka ne usakA sArthaka nAma sAMprata rakhA hai / naya kA lakSaNaH anuyogadvAra sUtra meM naya-vivecana do sthAna para AyA hai / anuyoga kA prathama mUla dvAra upakrama hai / usake prabheda rUpa se naya-pramANa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai, tathA anuyoga ke caturtha mUladvAra naya meM bhI nayavarNana hai / naya-pramANa varNana tIna dRSTAntoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai - prasthaka, 41 digambara pATha ke anusAra sUtra aisA hai- 'naigamasaMgrahavyavahArarju sUtra zabdasamabhirUDhaivambhUtA nayAH / " 42 anuyogadvAra sU0 156 / sthAnAMga sU0 522 / 43 pramANa na0 7.44,45 /

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228 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana vasati aura pradeza (anuyoga sU0 148) / kintu yahA~ nayoM kA lakSaNa nahIM kiyA gyaa| mUla nayadvAra ke prasaMga meM sUtrakAra ne nayoM kA lakSaNa kiyA hai / sAmAnya-naya kA nahIM / una lakSaNoM meM bhI adhikAMza nayoM ke lakSaNa nirukti kA Azraya lekara kie gae haiN| sUtrakAra ne sUtroM kI racanA gadya meM kI hai, kintu nayoM ke lakSaNa gAthA meM die haiN| pratIta hotA hai, ki anuyoga se bhI prAcIna kisI AcArya ne naya-lakSaNa kI gAthAoM kI racanA kI hogii| jinakA saMgraha anuyoga ke kartA ne kiyA hai / vAcaka ne naya kA padArtha-nirUpaNa nirukti aura paryAya kA Azraya lekara kiyA hai "jIvAdona padArthAn nayanti prApnuvanti kArayanti sAdhayanti nivartayanti nirbhAsayanti upalambhayanti vyaJjayanti iti nayAH / " (1.35) jIva Adi padArthoM kA jo bodha karAe, vaha naya hai / vAcaka ne Agamika ukta tIna dRSTAntoM ko chor3akara ghaTa ke dRSTAnta se pratyeka naya kA svarUpa spaSTa kiyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, balki Agama meM jo nAnA padArthoM meM nayAvatAraNA kI gaI hai, usameM praveza karAne kI dRSTi se jIva, nojIva, ajIva, noajIva ina zabdoM kA pratyeka naya kI dRSTi meM kyA artha hai, tathA kisa naya kI dRSTi se kitane jJAna ajJAna hote haiM, isakA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA hai| nUtana cintana : nayoM ke lakSaNa meM adhika spaSTatA aura vikAsa tattvArtha meM hai, yaha to anuyoga aura tattvArthagata nayoM ke lakSaNoM kI tulanA karane vAle se chipA nahIM rhtaa| kintu vAcaka ne naya ke viSaya meM jo vizeSa vicAra upasthita kiyA, jo saMbhavataH AgamakAla meM nahIM huA thA, vaha 44 pro0 cakravartI ne syAdvAdamaMjarIgata (kA0 28) nilayana dRSTAnta kA artha kiyA hai-House-uillding (paMcAstikAya prastAvanA pR0 55) kintu usakA 'vasati' se matalaba hai| aura usakA vivaraNa jo anuyoga meM hai, usase spaSTa hai ki pro0 cakravartI kA artha bhrAnta hai|

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zrAgamottara jaina darzana 226 to yaha hai, ki kyA naya vastutaH kisI eka tattva ke viSaya meM tantrAntarIyoM ke nAnA matavAda haiM, yA jainAcAryoM ke hI pArasparika matabheda ko vyakta karate haiM45 ? isa prazna ke uttara se hI naya kA svarUpa vastutaH kyA hai, yA vAcaka ke samayaparyanta naya- vicAra kI vyApti kahA~ taka thI ? isakA patA lagatA hai / vAcaka ne kahA hai, ki nayavAda yaha tantrAntarIyoM kA vAda nahIM hai aura na jainAcAryoM kA pArasparika matabheda / kintu vaha to "jJeyasya tu zrarthasyAdhyavasAyAntarANi etAni / " (1,35 ) hai / jJeya padArtha ke nAnA adhyavasAya haiM / eka hI artha ke viSaya meM bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM se hone vAle nAnA prakAra ke nirNaya haiM / aise nAnA nirNaya naya-bheda se kisa prakAra hote haiM, ise dRSTAnta se vAcaka ne spaSTa kiyA hai / ( eka hI artha ke viSaya meM aise aneka virodhI nirNaya hone para kyA vipratipatti kA prasaMga nahIM hogA ? aisA prazna uThAkara anekAntavAda ke Azraya se unhoMne jo uttara diyA hai, usI meM se virodha ke zamana yA samanvaya kA mArga nikala AtA hai| unakA kahanA hai, ki eka hI loka ko mahAsAmAnya sat kI apekSA se eka; jIva aura ajIva ke bheda se do; dravya guNa aura paryAya ke bheda se tIna; caturvidha darzana kA viSaya hone se cAra; pAMca astikAya kI apekSA se pAMca chaha dravyoM kI apekSA se chaha kahA jAtA hai / jisa prakAra eka hI loka ke viSaya meM apekSA bheda se aise nAnA nirNaya hone para bhI vivAda ko koI sthAna nahIM, usI prakAra nayAzrita nAnA adhyavasAyoM meM bhI vivAda ko avakAza nahIM hai "yathaitA na vipratipattayo'tha cAdhyavasAyasthAnAntarANi etAni, tadvannayavAdAH / " 1,35 / dharmAstikAya Adi kisI eka tattva ke bodha - prakAra matyAdi ke bheda se bhinna hote haiM / eka hI vastu pratyakSAdi cAra pramANoM ke dvArA 45 " kimete tantrAntarIyA vAbina, zrAhosvit svatantrA evaM codakapakSagrAhiNo matimedena vipradhAvitA iti / 1,35 /

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230 zrAgama-yuga kA jaina darzana bhinna-bhinna prakAra se jAnI jAtI hai / isameM yadi vivAda ko anavakAza hai, to nayavAda meM bhI vivAda nahIM ho sakatA hai / yaha bhI vAcaka ne pratipAdana kiyA hai- (1.35) vAcaka ke isa mantavya kI tulanA nyAyabhASya ke nimna mantavya se karanA cAhie / nyAyasUtragata - saMkhyaikAntAsiddhi:' ( 4. 1,41 ) kI vyAkhyA karate samaya bhASyakAra ne saMkhyaikAntoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai aura batAyA hai, ki ye sabhI saMkhyAe~ saca ho sakatI haiM, kisI eka saMkhyA kA ekAnta yukta nahIM 46 - "pratheme saMkhyaikAntAH sarvamekaM sadavizeSAt / sarvaM dveSA nityAnityabhedAt / sarvaM tredhA jJAtA jJAnaM jJeyamiti / sarvaM caturdhA pramAtA pramANaM prameyaM pramitiriti / evaM yathAsaMbhavamanye'pi iti / " nyAyabhA0 4.1.41. / vAcaka ke isa spaSTIkaraNa meM aneka naye vAdoM kA bIja hai-- jaise jJAnabheda se arthabheda hai yA nahIM ? pramANa-saMplava mAnanA yogya hai, yA viplava ? dharmabheda se dharmibheda hai yA nahIM ? sunaya aura durNaya kA bheda, Adi / ina vAdoM ke viSaya meM bAda ke jaina dArzanikoM ne vistAra se carcA kI hai / vAcaka ke kaI mantavya aise haiM, jo digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM saMpradAyoM ke anukUla nahIM / unakI carcA paNDita zrI sukhalAlajI ne tattvArtha sUtra ke paricaya meM kI hai / ataeva usa viSaya meM yahA~ vistAra karanA anAvazyaka hai / unhIM mantavyoM ke AdhAra para vAcaka kI paramparA kA nirNaya hotA hai, ki ve yApanIya the / una mantavyoM meM dArzanika dRSTi se koI mahattva kA nahIM hai / ataeva unakA varNana karanA, yahA~ prastuta bhI nahIM hai / 46 " te khalvime saMkhyaikAntA yadi vizeSakAritasya prathamedavistArasya pratyAkhyAnena vartante, pratyakSAnumAnAgamavirodhAnmithyAvAdA bhavanti / zrathAbhyanujJAnena vartante samAnadharmakArito'rthasaMgrahoM vizeSakAritazca prathameda iti evaM ekAntatvaM jahatIti / " nyAyabhA0 4.1.43.

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zrAgamottara jaina- darzana 231 AyArya kundakunda kI jaina darzana ko dena : vAcaka umAsvAti ne jaina Agamika tattvoM kA nirUpaNa saMskRta bhASA meM sarvaprathama kiyA hai, to AcArya kundakunda ne Agamika padArthoM kI dArzanika dRSTi se tArkika carcA prAkRta bhASA meM sarvaprathama kI hai, aisA upalabdha sAhitya - sAmagrI ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai / AcArya kundakunda ne jaina tattvoM kA nirUpaNa vAcaka umAsvAti kI taraha mukhyataH Agama ke AdhAra para nahIM, kintu tatkAlIna dArzanika vicAradhArAoM ke prakAza meM Agamika tatvoM ko spaSTa kiyA hai, itanA hI nahIM, kintu anya darzanoM ke mantavyoM kA yatra-tatra nirAsa karake jaina mantavyoM kI nirdoSatA aura upAdeyatA bhI siddha kI hai / vAcaka umAsvAti ke tattvArtha kI racanA kA prayojana mukhyataH saMskRta bhASA meM sUtra - zailI ke grantha kI AvazyakatA kI pUrti karanA thA / taba AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM kI racanA kA prayojana kucha dUsarA hI thA / unake sAmane to eka mahAn dhyeya thA / digambara saMpradAya kI upalabdha jaina AgamoM ke prati aruci bar3hatI jA rahI thI / kintu jaba taka aisA hI dUsarA sAdhana AdhyAtmika bhUkha ko miTAne vAlA upasthita na ho, taba taka prAcIna jaina AgamoM kA sarvathA tyAga saMbhava na thA / AgamoM kA tyAga aneka kAraNoM se karanA Avazyaka ho gayA thA, kintu dUsare prabala samartha sAdhana ke abhAva meM vaha pUrNa rUpa se zakya na thA / isI ko lakSya meM rakha kara AcArya kundakunda ne digambara saMpradAya kI AdhyAtmika bhUkha kI mAMga ke lie apane aneka granthoM kI prAkRta bhASA meM racanA kI / yahI kAraNa hai, ki AcArya kundakunda ke vividha granthoM meM jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kA nirUpaNa prAcIna Agamika zailI meM aura Agamika bhASA meM punarukti kA doSa svIkAra karake bhI vividha prakAra se huA hai / unako to eka-eka viSaya kA nirUpaNa karane vAle svatantra grantha banAnA abhipreta thA aura samagra viSayoM kI saMkSipta saMkalanA karane vAle grantha 4 vizeSa rUpa se vastradhAraNa, kevalI- kavalAhAra aura strI-mukti zrAdi ke ullekha jaina zrAgamoM meM the, jo digambara sampradAya ke anukUla na the /

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232 bhAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana banAnA bhI abhipreta thaa| itanA hI nahIM, kintu Agama ke mukhya viSayoM kA yathAzakya tatkAlIna dArzanika prakAza meM nirUpaNa bhI karanA thA, jisase jijJAsu kI zraddhA aura buddhi donoM ko paryApta mAtrA meM saMtoSa mila ske| - AcArya kundakunda ke samaya meM advaitavAdoM kI bAr3ha-sI AgaI thii| aupaniSada brahmAdvaita ke atirikta zUnyAdvaita aura vijJAnAdvaita jaise vAda bhI dArzanikoM meM pratiSThita ho cuke the| tArkika aura zraddhAlu donoM ke Upara una advaitavAdoM kA prabhAva sahaja hI meM jama jAtA thaa| ataeva aise virodhI vAdoM ke bIca jainoM ke dvaitavAda kI rakSA karanA kaThina thaa| isI AvazyakatA meM se AcArya kundakunda ke nizcaya-pradhAna adhyAtmavAda kA janma haA hai| jaina AgamoM meM nizcaya naya prasiddha thA hI, aura nikSepoM meM bhAvanikSepa bhI vidyamAna thaa| bhAvanikSepa kI pradhAnatA se nizcayanaya kA Azraya lekara, jaina tattvoM ke nirUpaNa dvArA AcArya kundakunda ne jaina darzana ko dArzanikoM ke sAmane eka naye rUpa meM upasthita kiyA / aisA karane se vedAnta kA advaitAnanda sAdhakoM ko aura tattvajijJAsuoM ko jaina darzana meM hI mila gyaa| nizcayanaya aura bhAvanikSepa kA Azraya lene para dravya aura paryAya , dravya aura guNa, dharma aura dharmI, avayava aura avayavI ityAdi kA bheda miTakara abheda ho jAtA hai / AcArya kundakunda ko isI abheda kA nirUpaNa paristhitivaza karanA thA ? ataeva unake granthoM meM nizcaya pradhAna varNana huA hai aura naizcayika AtmA ke varNana meM brahmavAda ke samIpa jaina AtmavAda pahu~ca gayA hai| AcArya kundakunda-kRta granthoM ke adhyayana ke samaya unakI isa nizcaya aura bhAvanikSepa pradhAna dRSTi ko sAmane rakhane se aneka gutthiyA~ sulajha sakatI haiM aura AcArya kundakunda kA tAtparya sahaja hI meM prApta ho sakatA hai / aba hama AcArya kundakunda ke dvArA carcita kucha viSayoM kA nirdeza karate haiN| krama prAyaH vahI rakhA hai, jo umAsvAti kI carcA meM apanAyA hai / isase donoM kI tulanA bhI ho jAegI aura dArzanika-vikAsa kA krama bhI dhyAna meM A skegaa|

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mAgamottara jaina-darzana 233 prameya-nirUpaNa: - vAcaka kI taraha prAcArya kundakunda bhI tattva, artha, padArtha aura tattvArtha ina zabdoM ko ekArthaka mAnate haiM / kintu vAcaka ne tattvoM ke vibhAjana ke aneka prakAroM meM se sAta tattvoM49 ko hI samyagdarzana ke viSayabhUta mAne haiM, jabaki prAcArya kundakunda ne svasamayaprasiddha sabhI vibhAjana prakAroM ko eka sAtha samyagdarzana ke viSayarUpa se batA diyA hai| unakA kahanA hai, ki SaDa dravya, nava padArtha, paMca astikAya aura sAta tattva inakI zraddhA karane se jIva samyagdRSTi hotA hai / / prAcArya kundakunda ne ina sabhI prakAroM ke alAvA apanI ora se eka vibhAjana kA nayA prakAra kA bho pracalita kiyA / vaizeSikoMne dravya ,guNa aura karma ko hI artha saMjJA dI thI (8.2.3) / isake sthAna meM prAcArya ne kaha diyA, ki artha to dravya, guNa aura paryAya ye tIna haiN|' vAcaka ne jIva Adi sAtoM tattvoM ko artha52 kahA hai, jabaki prAcArya kundakunda ne svatantra dRSTi se uparyukta parivardhana bhI kiyA hai| jaisA maiMne pahale batAyA hai, jaina AgamoM meM dravya, guNa aura paryAya to prasiddha hI the / kintu AcArya kundakunda hI prathama haiM, jinhoMne unako vaizeSika darzanaprasiddha artha-saMjJA dii| AcArya kundakunda kA yaha kArya dArzanika dRSTi se huA hai, yaha spaSTa hai / vibhAga kA artha hI yaha, hai ki jisameM eka varga ke padArtha dUsare varga meM samAviSTa na hoM tathA vibhAjya yAvat padArthoM kA kisI na kisI varga meM samAveza bhI ho jAe / isIlie prAcArya kundakunda ne jainazAstraprasiddha anya vibhAga prakAroM ke alAvA isa naye prakAra se bhI tAttvika vivecanA karanA ucita samajhA hai / 48 paMcAstikAya gA0 112, 116 / niyamasAra gA0 16 / darzanaprAbhRta gA0 16 / 49 tattvArtha sUtra 1.4 / 50 "chaddavva eva payatyA paMcatthI, satta tacca NihiTThA / saddahai tANa rUvaM so saddiTThI muNeyamvo // " darzanaprA0 16 / 51 pravacanasAra 1.87 / 52 "tattvAni jIvAdIni vakSyante / ta eva cArthAH / " tattvArthabhA, 1.2 /

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234 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana AcArya kundakunda ko paramasaMgrahAvalambI abhedavAda kA samarthana karanA bhI iSTa thaa| ataeva dravya, paryAya aura guNa ina tInoM kI artha saMjJA ke alAvA unhoMne kevala dravya kI bhI artha saMjJA rakhI hai aura guNa tathA paryAya ko dravya meM hI samAviSTa kara diyA hai / 53 anekAntavAda : prAcArya ne Agamopalabdha anekAntavAda ko aura spaSTa kiyA hai aura prAyaH unhIM viSayoM kI carcA kI hai, jo Agama kAla meM carcita the| vizeSatA yaha hai, ki unhoMne adhika bhAra vyavahAra aura nizcayAvalambI pRthakkaraNa ke Upara hI diyA hai / udAharaNa ke lie Agama meM jahA~ dravya aura paryAya kA bheda aura abheda mAnA gayA hai, vahA~ AcArya spaSTIkaraNa karate haiM ki dravya aura paryAya kA bheda vyavahAra ke Azraya se hai, jabaki nizcaya se donoM kA abheda hai / 54 Agama meM varNAdi kA sadbhAva aura asadbhAva AtmA meM mAnA hai, usakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue AcArya kahate haiM, ki vyavahAra se to ye saba AtmA meM haiM, nizcaya se nahIM haiM / Agama meM zarIra aura AtmA kA bheda aura abheda mAnA gayA hai| isa viSaya meM AcArya ne kahA hai ki deha aura AtmA kA aikya yaha vyavahAranaya kA vaktavya hai aura donoM kA bheda yaha nizcaya naya kA vaktavya hai 56 dravya kA svarUpa: __ vAcaka ke 'utpAdavyayadhrauvyayukta sat' 'guraNaparyAyavadravyam aura . 'tadbhAvAvyayaM nityam' ina tIna sUtroM (5.26,30,37) kA sammilita artha AcArya kundakunda ke dravya lakSaNa meM hai| 'aparicattasahAveNuppAdazvayadhuvattasaMjuttaM / guNavaM sapajjAyaM jaM taM bavvaMti puccaMti // " -pravacana0 2.3 pravacana0 2,1. / 2.6 se| 54 samayasAra 7 ityaadi| 55 samayasAra 61 se| 56 samayasAra 31, 66 //

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prAgamottara jaina-varzana 235 dravya hI jaba sat hai, to sat aura dravya ke lakSaNa meM bheda nahIM honA cAhie / isI abhiprAya se 'sat' lakSaNa aura 'dravya' lakSaNa alaga alaga na karake eka hI dravya ke lakSaNa rUpa se donoM lakSaNoM kA samanvaya prAcArya kundakunda ne kara diyA hai / 50 sat, dravya, sattA : dravya ke ukta lakSaNa meM jo yaha kahA gayA hai, ki 'dravya apane svabhAva kA parityAga nahIM karatA' vaha 'tadbhAvAvyayaM nityam' ko lakSya karake hai / dravya kA yaha bhAva yA svabhAva kyA hai, jo traikAlika hai ? isa prazna kA uttara AcArya kundakunda ne diyA, ki 'sambhAvo hi sabhAvo. davvassa savvakAlaM' (pravacana0 2.4) tInoM kAla meM dravya kA jo sadbhAva hai, astitva hai, sattA hai, vahI svabhAva hai| ho sakatA hai, ki yaha sattA kabhI kisI guNa rUpa se, kabhI kisI paryAya rUpa se, utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpa se upalabdha ho / yaha bhI mAnA ki ina sabhI meM apane apane vizeSa lakSaNa haiM, tathApi una sabhI kA sarvagata eka lakSaNa 'sat' hai hI"9, isa bAta ko svIkAra karanA hI caahie| yahI 'sat' dravya kA svabhAva hai / ataeva dravya ko svabhAva se sat mAnanA caahie|60 yadi vaizeSikoM ke samAna dravya ko svabhAva se sat na mAnakara dravya vRtti sattAsAmAnya ke kAraNa sat mAnA jAe, taba svayaM dravya asat ho jAegA, yA sat se anya ho jaaegaa| ataeva dravya svayaM sattA hai, aisA hI mAnanA cAhie / 61 57 vAcaka ke donoM lakSaNoM ko vikalpa se bhI dravya ke lakSaNarUpa se prAcArya kundakunda ne nirdiSTa kiyA hai-paMcAsti0 10 / 58 'guNehi sahapajjavehiM citta hiM"uppAdavvayadhuvatahi' pravacana0 2.4 / 55 pravacana0 2.5 / 6deg vahI 2.6 / pravacana0 2.13 / 2.18 / 1.61 /

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236 zrAgama-yuga kA jaina- darzana 3 yahI dravya sattA evaM paramatattva hai / nAnA deza aura kAla meM isI paramatattva kA vistAra hai / jinheM hama dravya, guNa yA paryAya ke nAma se jAnate haiM / vastutaH dravya ke abhAva meM guNa yA paryAya to hote hI nahIM 3 / yahI dravya kramazaH nAnA guNoM meM yA paryAyoM meM pariNata hotA rahatA hai / ataeva vastutaH guNa aura paryAya dravya se ananya hai - dravya rUpa hI haiM64 / ataH paramatattva sattA ko dravyarUpa hI mAnanA ucita hai / AgamoM meM bhI dravya aura guNa- paryAya ke abheda kA kathana milatA hai, kintu abheda hote hue bhI bheda kyoM pratibhAsita hotA hai ? isakA spaSTIkaraNa jisa DhaMga se AcArya kundakunda ne kiyA, vaha unake dArzanika adhyavasAya kA phala hai / 66 AcArya kundakunda ne artha ko pariNamanazIla batAyA hai / pariNAma aura artha kA tAdAtmya mAnA hai| unakA kahanA hai, ki koI bhI pariNAma dravya ke binA nahIM, aura koI dravya pariNAma ke binA nahIM / jisa samaya dravya jisa pariNAma ko prApta karatA hai, usa samaya vaha dravya tanmaya hotA hai / isa prakAra dravya aura pariNAma kA avinAbhAva batA kara donoM kA tAdAtmya siddha kiyA hai / 67 AcArya kundakunda ne paramatattva sattA kA svarUpa batAyA hai ki( paMcA0 8 ) dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA sambandha : saMsAra ke sabhI arthoM kA samAveza AcArya kundakunda ke mata se " sattA savvapayatthA savissakhvA zraNaMtapajjayA / bhaMguppAdadhuvattA sapaDavakkhA havadi ekkA / " 62 pravacana0 2.15 / 63 pravacana 2.18 / samayasAra 336 / pravacana0 2.11,12 / paMcA0 6 / pravacana0 1.10 / pravacana0 1.8 / 64 65 66 67

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prAgamottara jaina-darzana 237 dravya, guNa aura paryAya meM ho jAtA hai / ina tInoM kA paraspara sambandha kyA hai ? vAcaka ne kahA hai, ki dravya ke yA dravya meM guNaparyAya hote haiM (tattvArtha bhASya 5,37) / ataeva prazna hotA hai, ki yahA~ dravya aura guNaparyAya kA kuNDabadaravat AdhArAdheya sambandha hai, yA daMDa-daMDIvat svasvAmibhAva sambandha hai ? yA vaizeSikoM ke samAna samavAya sambandha hai ? vAcaka ne isa viSaya meM spaSTIkaraNa nahIM kiyaa| AcArya kundakunda ne isakA spaSTIkaraNa karane ke lie prathama to pRthaktva aura anyatva kI vyAkhyA kI hai-- "pavibhattapadesattaM puSattamidi sAsaNaM hi vIrassa / aNNattamatabbhAvo Na tasavaM hodi kathamegaM // " -pravacana0 2.14 jina do vastuoM ke pradeza bhinna hote haiM, ve pRthak kahI jAtI haiN| kintu jinameM atadbhAva hotA hai, arthAt vaha yaha nahIM hai, aisA pratyaya hotA hai, ve anya kahI jAtI haiN| dravya, guNa aura paryAya meM pradeza-bheda to nahIM haiM / ataeva ve pRthak nahIM kahe jA sakate, kintu anya to kahe jA sakate haiM, kyoMki 'jo dravya hai vaha guNa nahIM' tathA 'jo guNa hai vaha dravya nahIM' aisA pratyaya hotA hai69 / isI kA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa unhoMne yoM kiyA hai, ki yaha koI niyama nahIM hai, ki jahA~ atyanta bheda ho, vahIM anyatva kA vyavahAra ho|abhinn meM bhI vyapadeza, saMsthAna, saMkhyA aura viSaya ke kAraNa bhedajJAna ho sakatA hai / aura samarthana kiyA hai ki dravya aura guNa-paryAya meM bheda vyavahAra hone para bhI vastutaH bheda nhiiN| dRSTAMta dekara isa bAta ko samajhAyA hai ki svasvAmibhAva sambandha sambandhiyoM ke pRthak hone para bhI ho sakatA hai aura eka hone para bhI ho sakatA hai| jaise dhana aura dhanI meM tathA jJAna aura 68 pravacana0 1.87 / 69 pravacana0 2.16 / 70 paMcAstikAya 52 //

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238 prAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana jJAnI meM' / jJAnI se jJAnaguNa ko, dhanI se dhana ke samAna, atyanta bhinna nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kyoMki jJAna aura jJAnI atyanta bhinna hoM, to jJAna aura jJAnI-AtmA ye donoM acetana ho jaaeNgedeg2| AtmA aura jJAna meM samavAya sambandha mAnakara vaizeSikoM ne AtmA ko jJAnI mAnA hai / kintu prAcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai, ki jJAna ke samavAya sambandha ke kAraNa bhI prAtmA jJAnI nahIM ho sakatA / kintu guNa aura dravya ko apRthagbhUta ayutasiddha hI mAnanA caahie| prAcArya ne vaizeSikoM ke samavAya lakSaNagata ayutasiddha zabda ko svAbhipreta artha meM ghaTAyA hai| kyoMki vaizeSikoM ne ayutasiddha meM samavAya mAnakara bheda mAnA hai, jabaki prAcArya kundakunda ne ayatasiddha meM tAdAtmya mAnA hai / AcArya ne spaSTa kahA hai ki darzanajJAna guNa prAtmA se svabhAvataH bhinna nahIM, kintu vyapadeza bheda ke kAraNa pRthak (anya) kahe jAte haiM / isI abheda ko unhoMne avinAbhAva sambandha ke dvArA bhI vyakta kiyA hai / vAcaka ne itanA to kahA hai, ki guNa-paryAya viyukta dravya nahIM hotA / usI siddhAnta ko AcArya kundakunda ne pallavita karake kahA hai ki dravya ke binA paryAya nahIM aura paryAya ke binA dravya nahIM, tathA guNa ke binA dravya nahIM aura dravya ke binA guNa nahIM / bhAva-vastu, dravya-guNaparyAyAtmaka hai| utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya : sat ko vAcaka ne utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyayukta kahA hai| kintu yaha 1 paMcAstikAya 53 / 72 vahI 54 / *3 vahI 55 / 74 vahI 56 / avaize0 7.2.13 / prazasta0 samavAyanirUpaNa / 76 paMcAsti0 58 / 77 "pajjayavijudaM davvaM davavijuttA ya pajjayA natthi / doNhaM aNaNNabhUdaM bhAvaM samaNA paviti // damveNa viNA Na guNA guraNeha davaM viNA Na saMbhavadi / anvadiritto bhAvo dazvaguNANaM havadi jahmA // " paMcA0 12,13 /

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prAgamottara jaina-darzana 236 prazna hotA hai ki utpAdana Adi kA paraspara aura dravya guNa-paryAya ke sAtha kaisA sambandha hai ? AcArya kundakunda ne saSTa kiyA hai, ki utpani nAza ke binA nahoM ora nArA utpatti ke binA nhiiN| jaba taka kisI eka paryAya kA nAza nahIM, dUsare paryAya kI utpatti sambhava nahIM aura jaba taka kisI kI utpatti nahIM, dUsare kA nAza bhI sambhava nahIM / isa prakAra utpatti aura nAza kA paraspara avinAbhAva AcArya ne batAyA hai| utpatti aura nAza ke paraspara avinAbhAva kA samarthana karake hI AcAryane santoSa nahIM kiyA, kintu dArzanikoM meM satkAryavAda-asatkAryavAda ko lekara jo vivAda thA, use sulajhAne kI dRSTi se kahA hai, ki ye utpAda aura vyaya tabhI ghaTa sakate haiM, jaba koI na koI dhruva artha mAnA jaae| isa prakAra utpAda Adi tInoM kA avinAbhAva sambandha jaba siddha huA, taba abheda dRSTi kA avalambana lekara prAcArya ne kaha diyA, ki eka hI samaya meM eka hI dravya meM utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya kA samavAya hone se dravya hI utpAdAditraya rUpa hai / AcArya ne utpAda Adi traya aura dravya guNa-paryAya kA sambandha batAte hue yaha kahA hai, ki utpAda aura vinAza ye dravya ke nahIM hote, kintu guNa-paryAya ke hote haiM / AcArya kA yaha kathana dravya aura guNaparyAya ke vyavahAra nayAzrita bheda ke Azraya se hai, itanA hI nahIM, kintu sAMkhya-saMmata AtmA ko kUTasthatA tathA naiyAyika-vaizeSika saMmata Atma-dravya kI nityatA kA bhI samanvaya karane kA prayatna isa kathana meM hai / buddhipratibimba yA guNAntarotpatti ke hote hue bhI jaise AtmA ko ukta dArzanikoM ne utpanna yA vinaSTa nahIM mAnA hai, vaise prastuta meM AcArya ne dravya ko bhI 78 pravacana0 2.8 / 19 pravacana0 2.8 / 80 pravacana0 2.10 / 81 paMcA0 11,15 //

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240 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana utpAda aura vyaya-zIla nahIM mAnA hai| dravya-naya ke prAdhAnya se jaba vastudarzana hotA hai, taba hama isI pariNAma para pahu~cate haiN| kintu vastu kevala dravya arthAt guNa-paryAya zUnya nahIM hai, aura na svabhinna guNa paryAyoM kA adhiSThAnamAtra / vaha to vastutaH guNaparyAyasamaya hai| hama paryAya-naya ke prAdhAnya se vastu ko ekarUpatA ke sAtha nAnArUpa meM bhI dekhate haiM / anAdi-anantakAla pravAha meM utpanna aura vinaSTa hone vAle nAnAguNa-paryAyoM ke bIca hama saMkalita dhra vatA bhI pAte haiM / yaha dhruvAMza kUTastha na hokara sAMkhyasaMmata prakRti kI taraha pariNAmInitya pratIta hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArya ne paryAyoM meM kevala utpAda aura vyaya hI nahIM, kintu sthiti bhI mAnI hai| satkAryavAda-asatkAryavAda kA samanvaya : sabhI kAryoM ke mUla meM ekarUpa kAraNa ko mAnane vAle dArzanikoM ne, cAhe ve sAMkhya hoM yA prAcIna vedAntI bhartR prapaJca Adi yA madhyakAlIna vallabhAcArya.3 Adi, satkAryavAda ko mAnA hai| unake mata meM kArya apane-apane kAraNa meM sat hotA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki asat kI utpatti nahIM, aura sat kA vinAza nhiiN| isake viparIta nyAya vaizeSika aura pUrvamImAMsA kA mata hai, ki kArya apane kAraNa meM sat nahIM hotA / pahale asat aisA arthAt apUrva hI utpanna hotA hai / tAtparya yaha huA ki asat kI utpatti aura utpanna sat kA vinAza hotA hai| AgamoM ke abhyAsa se hamane dekhA hai, ki dravya aura paryAya dRSTi se eka hI vastu meM nityAnityatA siddha kI gaI hai| usI tattva kA Azraya lekara prAcArya kundakunda ne satkAryavAda-pariNAmavAda aura asatkAryavAda-prArambhavAda kA samanvaya karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| unhoMne dravya-naya kA prAzraya lekara satkAryavAda kA samarthana kiyA hai, ki "bhAvassa Natthi NAso Nasthi abhAvassa uppaado|" (paMcA0 15) dravyadRSTi se 2 pravacana0 2.6 / paMcA0 11 / 82 pramANamI0 prastA0 pR0 7 / 84 vahI pR0 7 /

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prAgamottara jaina-darzana 241 dekhA jAe, to bhAva-vastu kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA, aura abhAva kI utpatti nahIM hotI / arthAt asat aisA koI utpanna nahIM hotA / dravya kabhI naSTa nahIM hotA aura jo kucha utpanna hotA hai vaha dravyAtmaka, hone se pahale sarvathA asat thA, yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / jaise jIva dravya nAnA paryAyoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai, phira bhI yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki vaha naSTa huA, yA nayA utpanna huaa| ataeva dravyadRSTi se yahI mAnanA ucita hai, ki-"evaM sado viNAso asado jIvassa natthi uppaado|" paMcA0 16 / isa prakAra dravyadRSTi se satkAryavAda kA samarthana karake paryAya-naya ke Azraya se prAcArya kundakunda ne asatkAryavAda kA bhI samarthana kiyA ki "evaM sado viraNAso asado jIvassa hoi uppAdo // " paMcA0 60 / guNa aura paryAyoM meM utpAda aura vyaya hote haiM / ataeva yaha mAnanA par3egA, ki paryAya-dRSTi se sat kA vinAza aura asat kI utpatti hotI hai| jIva kA deva paryAya jo pahale nahIM thA arthAt asat thA, vaha utpanna hotA hai, aura sat-vidyamAna aisA manuSya paryAya naSTa bhI hotA hai / prAcArya kA kahanA hai ki yadyapi ye donoM vAda anyonya viruddha dikhAI dete haiM, kintu nayoM ke Azraya se vastutaH koI virodha nahIM 6 / dravyoM kA bheda-abheda : vAcaka ne yaha samAdhAna to kiyA ki dharmAdi amUrta haiN| ataeva una sabhI kI ekatra vRtti ho sakatI hai| kintu eka dUsarA prazna yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki yadi ina sabhI kI vRtti ekatra hai, ve sabhI paraspara praviSTa haiM, taba una sabhI kI ekatA kyoM nahIM mAnI jAe? isa prazna kA samAdhAna AcArya kundakunda ne kiyA, ki chahoM dravya anyonya meM praviSTa haiM, eka dUsare ko avakAza bhI dete haiM, inakA nitya sammelana bhI hai, phira bhI una sabhI meM ekatA nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki ve apane svabhAva kA 85 "guNapajjaesu bhAvA uppAdavaye pakuvanti / " 15 / 86 "ivi jiNavarehi bhaNidaM aNNogNaviruddhamaviruddha // " paMcA0 60 / paMcA0

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242 zrAgama-yuga kA jana-darzana parityAga nahIM karate / svabhAva bheda ke kAraNa ekatra vRtti hone para bhI una sabhI kA bheda banA rahatA hai / dharma, adharma aura AkAza ye tInoM amUrta haiM aura bhinnAvagAha nahIM haiM, taba tInoM ke bajAya eka AkAza kA hI svabhAva aisA kyoM na mAnA jAe, jo avakAza, gati aura sthiti meM kAraNa ho, yaha mAnane para tIna dravya ke bajAya eka AkAza dravya se hI kAma cala sakatA hai - isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna bhI AcArya ne diyA hai, ki yadi AkAza ko avakAza kI taraha gati aura sthiti meM bhI kAraNa mAnA jAe, to Urdhvagati svabhAva jIva lokAkAza ke anta para sthira kyoM ho jAte haiM ? isalie AkAza ke atirikta dharma-adharma dravyoM ko mAnanA caahie| dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai, ki yadi dharma-adharma dravyoM ko AkAzAtirikta na mAnA jAe, taba lokAloka kA vibhAga bhI nahIM banegA " / isa prakAra svabhAvabheda ke kAraNa pRthagupalabdhi hone se tInoM ko pRthak - anya siddha karake AcArya kA abheda pakSapAtI mAnasa saMtuSTa nahIM huA, ataeva tInoM kA parimANa samAna hone se tInoM ko apRthagbhUta bhI kaha diyA hai" / syAdvAda evaM saptabhaGgI : vAcaka ke tattvArtha meM svAdvAda kA jo rUpa hai, vaha Agamagata syAdvAda ke vikAsa kA sUcaka nahIM hai / bhagavatI sUtra kI taraha vAcaka ne bhI bhaMgoM meM ekavacana Adi vacanabhedoM ko prAdhAnya diyA hai / kintu AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM meM saptabhaMgI kA vahI rUpa hai, jo bAda ke sabhI dArzanikoM meM dekhA jAtA hai / arthAt bhaMgoM meM AcArya ne vacanabheda ko mahattva nahIM diyA hai / AcArya ne pravacanasAra meM ( 2.23) avaktavya bhaMga ko tRtIya sthAna diyA hai, kintu paJcAstikAya meM usakA sthAna caturthaM 87 " aNNoSNaM pavisaMtA ditA zrogAsamaNNamaNNassa / melaMtA vi ya nicca sagaM sabhAvaM Na vijarhati / / " paMcA0 7 / 9. paMcA0 66- 102 / paMcA0 103 / 89

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bhAgamottara jaina-darzana 243 rakhA hai, (gA0 14) donoM granthoM meM cAra bhaMgoM kA hI zabdataH upAdAna hai aura zeSa tIna bhaMgoM kI yojanA karane kI sUcanA kI hai / isa saptabhaMgI kA samarthana AcArya ne bhI dravya aura paryAyanaya ke Azraya se kiyA hai (pravacana 2.16) / mUrtAmUrta-viveka : mUla vaizeSika-sUtroM meM dravyoM kA sAdharmya-vaidharmya mUrtatva-amUrtatva dharma ko lekara batAyA nahIM hai| isI prakAra guNoM kA bhI vibhAga mUrtaguNa amUrtaguNa ubhayaguga rUpa se nahIM kiyA hai parantu prazastapAda meM aisA huA hai / ataeva mAnanA par3atA hai, ki prazastapAda ke samaya meM aisI nirUpaNa kI paddhati pracalita thii| jaina AgamoM meM aura vAcaka ke tatvArtha meM dravyoM ke sAdharmya vaidharmya prakaraNa meM rUpI aura arUpI zabdoM kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai / kintu AcArya kundakunda ne una zabdoM ke sthAna meM mUrta aura amUrta zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / itanA hI nahIM, kintu guNoM ko bhI mUrta aura amUrta aise vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai / AcArya kundakunda kA yaha vargIkaraNa vaizeSika prabhAva se rahita hai, yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ____ AcArya kundakunda ne mUrta ko jo vyAkhyA kI hai, vaha apUrva to hai, kintu nirdoSa hai aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA / unhoMne kahA hai ki jo iMdriyagrAhya hai, vaha mUrta hai aura zeSa amUrta hai.2 / isa vyAkhyA ke svIkAra karane para paramANu pudgala ko jise svayaM AcArya ne mUrta kahA hai aura indriyagrAhya kahA hai. amUrta mAnanA par3egA / paramANu meM rUpa evaM rasa Adi hone se hI skandha meM ve hote haiM aura isIlie yaha pratyakSa hotA hai / yadi yaha mAnakara paramANu meM indriyagrAhyatA kI yogyatA kA svIkAra 90 paMcA0 104 / 91 pravacana0 2. 38,36 / 92 paMcA0 106 / pravacana0 2. 36 / 93 niyamasAra 26 / paMcA0 84 /

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244 zrAgama-yuga kA jaina darzana kiyA jAe, to vaha mUrta kahA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra lakSaNa kI nirdoSatA bhI ghaTAI jA sakatI hai / pudgala dravya kI vyAkhyA : AcArya ne vyavahAra aura nizcaya naya se pudgala dravya kI jo vyAkhyA kI hai, vaha apUrva hai / unakA kahanA hai ki nizcaya naya kI apekSA se paramANu hI pudgala - dravya kahA jAnA cAhie aura vyavahAra naya kI apekSA se skandha ko pudgala kahanA cAhie" / pudgala dravya kI jaba yaha vyAkhyA kI, taba pudgala ke guNa aura paryAyoM meM bhI AcArya ko svabhAva aura vibhAva aise do bheda karanA Avazyaka huA / ataeva unhoMne kahA hai, ki paramANu ke guNa svAbhAvika haiM aura skandha ke guNa vaibhAvika haiM / isI prakAra paramANu kA anya nirapekSa pariNamana svabhAva paryAya hai aura paramANu kA skandha rUpa pariNamana anya sApekSa hone se vibhAva paryAya hai" / prastuta meM anya nirapekSa pariNamana ko jo svabhAva - paryAya kahA gayA hai, usakA artha itanA hI samajhanA cAhie, ki vaha pariNamana kAla bhinna nimitta kAraNa kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA / kyoMki svayaM AcArya kundakunda ke mata se bhI sabhI prakAra ke pariNAmoM meM kAla kAraNa hotA hI hai / Age ke dArzanikoM ne yaha siddha kiyA hai, ki kisI bhI kArya kI niSpatti sAmagrI se hotI hai, kisI eka kAraNa se nahIM / ise dhyAna meM rakha kara AcArya kundakunda ke ukta zabdoM kA artha karanA cAhie / pudgala skandha : AcArya kundakunda ne skandha ke chaha bheda batAe haiM, jo vAcaka ke tattvArtha meM tathA AgamoM meM usa rUpa meM dekhe nahIM jAte / ve chaha bheda ye haiM 94 niyamasAra 26 / 95 niyamasAra 27, 28 //

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1. ati sthUlasthUla - pRthvI, parvata Adi / 2. sthUla - ghRta, jala, taila Adi / 3. sthUla sUkSma - chAyA, Atapa Adi / 4. sUkSma - sthUla - sparzana, rasana, ghrANa aura zrotrendriya ke viSaya bhUta skandha / 5. sUkSma - kArmaNa vargaNA prAyogya skandha | 6. ati sUkSma - kArmaNa vargaNA ke bhI yogya jo na hoM, aise ati sUkSma skandha | paramANu-carcA : zrAgamottara jaina-darzana 245 Agama varNita dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva paramANu kI tathA usakI nityAnityatA viSayaka carcA hamane pahale kI hai / vAcaka ne paramANu ke viSaya meM 'ukta ca' kaha karake kisI ke paramANu lakSaNa ko uddhRta kiyA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai "kAraNameva tadantyaM sUkSmo nityazca bhavati paramANuH / ekarasagandhavarNo dvisparza: kAryaliGgazca "" isa lakSaNa meM nimna bAteM spaSTa haiM 1. dvipradeza Adi sabhI skandhoM kA antyakAraNa paramANu hai / 2. paramANu sUkSma hai | 3. paramANu nitya hai / 4. paramANu meM eka rasa, eka gandha, eka varNa, do sparza hote haiM / 5. paramANu kI siddhi kArya se hotI hai / ina pAMca bAtoM ke alAvA vAcaka ne 'bhedAdaNu:' ( 5.27) isa sUtra se paramANu kI utpatti bhI batAI hai / ataeva yaha spaSTa hai, ki vAcaka ne paramANu kI nityAnityatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai, jo Agama meM pratipAdita hai / ke ukta paramANu ke sambandha meM AcArya kundakunda ne paramANu lakSaNa ko aura bhI spaSTa kiyA hai / itanA hI nahIM kintu use dUsare

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246 prAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana ke dArzanikoM kI paribhASA meM samajhAne kA prayatna bhI kiyA hai / paramANu mUla guNoM meM zabda ko sthAna nahIM hai, taba pudgala zabda rUpa kaise aura kaba hotA hai, ( paJcA0 86 ) meM isa bAta kA bhI spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| AcArya kundakunda ke paramANu lakSaNa meM nimna bAteM haiM1. sabhI skandhoM kA aMtima bhAga paramANu hai / 2. paramANu zAzvata hai / 3. azabda hai, phira bhI zabda kA kAraNa hai / 4. avibhAjya evaM eka hai / 5. mUrta hai / 6. caturdhAtu kA kAraNa hai aura kArya bhI hai / 7. pariNAmI hai / 8. pradezabheda na hone para bhI vaha varNaAdi ko avakAza detA hai / 9. skandhoM kA kartA aura skaMdhAntara se skandha kA bhedaka hai / 10. kAla aura saMkhyA kA pravibhaktA - vyavahAraniyAmaka bhI parama hai / 11. eka rasa, eka varNa, eka gandha aura do sparzayukta hai / 12. bhinna hokara bhI skandha kA ghaTaka hai / 13. AtmaprAdi hai, Atmamadhya hai, prAtmananta hai 14. indriyAgrAhya hai / AcArya ne 'dhAtu cadukkassa kAraNaM' (pacA0 85) arthAt pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu ye cAra dhAtuoM kA mUla kAraNa paramANu hai yaha kaha karake yaha sApha kara diyA hai, ki jaisA vaizeSika yA cArvAka mAnate haiM, ve dhAtue~ mUla tattva nahIM, kintu sabhI kA mUla eka lakSaNa paramANu hI hai / Atma-nirUpaNa : nizcaya aura vyavahAra - jaina AgamoM meM AtmAko zarIra se bhinna bhI kahA hai aura abhinna bhI / jIva kA jJAna pariNAma bhI mAnA hai aura gatyAdi bhI, jIva ko kRSNavarNa bhI kahA hai aura avarNa bhI kahA hai aura paMcA0 84,85,87,88 | niyamasAra 25-27 /

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prAgamottara jaina-darzana 247 jIva ko nitya bhI kahA hai| aura anitya bhI, jIva ko amUrta kaha kara bhI usake nAraka Adi aneka mUrta bheda batAe haiN| isa prakAra jIva ke zuddha aura azuddha donoM rUpoM kA varNana AgamoM meM vistAra se hai / kahIM-kahIM dravyAthika-paryAyAthika nayoM kA Azraya lekara virodha kA samanvaya bhI kiyA gayA hai| vAcaka ne bhI jIva ke varNana meM sakarmaka aura akarmaka jIva kA varNana mAtra kara diyA hai| kintu AcArya kundakunda ne AtmA ke Agamokta varNana ko samajhane kI cAbI batA dI hai, jisakA upayoga karake Agama ke pratyeka varNana ko hama samajha sakate haiM ki AtmA ke viSaya meM Agama meM jo amuka bAta kahI gaI vaha kisa dRSTi se hai| jIva kA jo zuddha rUpa AcArya ne batAyA hai, vaha Agama kAla meM ajJAta nahIM thA / zuddha aura azuddha svarUpa ke viSaya meM Agama kAla ke AcAryoM ko koI bhrama nahIM thaa| kintu AcArya kundakunda ke AtmanirUpaNa kI jo vizeSatA hai, vaha yaha hai, ki inhoMne svasAmayika dArzanikoM ko prasiddha nirUpaNa zailI ko jaina AtmanirUpaNa meM apanAyA hai / dUsaroM ke mantavyoM ko, dUsaroM kI paribhASAoM ko apane DhaMga se apanAkara yA khaNDana karake jaina mantavya ko dArzanika rUpa dene kA prabala prayatna kiyA hai / aupaniSada darzana, vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda meM vastu kA nirUpaNa do dRSTioM se hone lagA thaa| eka paramArtha-dRSTi aura dUsarI vyAvahArika dRSTi / tattva kA eka rUpa pAramArthika aura dUsarA sAMvRtika varNita hai / eka bhUtArtha hai to dUsarA abhUtArtha / eka alaukika hai, to dUsarA laukika / eka zuddha hai, to dUsarA azuddha / eka sUkSma hai, to dUsarA sthUla / jaina Agama meM jaisA hamane pahale dekhA vyavahAra aura nizcaya ye do naya. yA dRSTiyA~ kramazaH sthUla-laukika aura sUkSma tattvagrAhI mAnI jAtI rahI haiN| ____ AcArya kundakunda ne AtmanirUpaNa unhIM do dRSTiyoM kA Azraya lekara kiyA hai / AtmA ke pAramArthika zuddha rUpa kA varNana nizcaya naya ke Azraya se aura azuddha yA laukika-sthUla AtmA kA varNana vyavahAra naya ke Azraya se unhoMne kiyA hai / 97 samaya0 6 se, 31 se. 61 se| paMcA0 134 / niyama 3 se / bhAvaprA0 64, 146 / pravacana0 2.2,80,100 /

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248 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana bahirAtmA, antarAtmA, evaM paramAra ____ mANDUkyopaniSada meM AtmA ko cAra prakAra kA mAnA hai-antaH prajJa, bahiSprajJa, ubhayaprajJa aura avAcya / kintu AcArya kundakunda ne bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA aise tIna prakAra batalAe haiN|98 bAhya padArthoM meM jo Asakta hai, indriyoM ke dvArA jo apane zuddha svarUpa se bhraSTa huA hai, tathA jise deha aura AtmA kA bheda jJAna nahIM, jo zarIra ko hI AtmA samajhatA hai, aisA vipathagAmI mUr3hAtmA bahirAtmA hai / sAMkhyoM ke prAkRtika, vaikRtika aura dAkSaNika bandha kA samAveza isI bAhyAtmA meM ho jAtA hai|99 jise bhedajJAna to ho gayA hai, para karmavaza sazarIra hai aura jo karmoM ke nAza meM prayatnazIla hai. aisA mokSamArgArUr3ha antarAtmA hai| zarIra hote hue bhI vaha samajhatA hai, ki yaha merA nahIM, maiM to isase bhinna hU~ / dhyAna ke bala se karma-kSaya karake prAtmA apane zuddha svarUpa ko jaba prApta karatA hai, taba vaha paramAtmA hai / paramAtmavarNana meM samanvaya : paramAtma-varNana meM AcArya kundakunda ne apanI samanvaya zakti kA paricaya diyA hai / apane kAla meM svayaMbhU kI pratiSThA ko dekhakara svayaMbhU zabda kA prayoga paramAtmA ke lie janasaMmata artha meM unhoMne kara diyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, kintu karma-vimukta zuddha AtmA ke lie ziva, parameSThin, viSNu, caturmukha, buddha evaM paramAtmA'01 jaise zabdoM kA prayoga karake yaha sUcita kiyA hai, ki tatvataH dekhA jAe, to paramAtmA kA rUpa eka hI hai, nAma bhale hI nAnA hoM / 18 mokSaprA0 4 se / niyamasAra 146 se / 99 sAMkhyata0 44 / "pravacana01.16 / 1.1 "gANI siva parameTThI savvaNhU viNDa caumuho buddho| appo viya paramappo kammavimukko ya hoi phuDaM // " bhAvaprA0 146

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zrAgamottara jaina-darzana 24e paramAtmA ke viSaya meM AcArya ne jaba yaha kahA, ki vaha na kArya hai aura na kAraNa, taba bauddhoM ke asaMskRta nirvANa kI, vedAntiyoM ke brahmabhAva kI tathA sAMkhyoM ke kUTastha puruSa mukta-svarUpa kI kalpanA kA samanvaya unhoMne kiyA hai / 102 tatkAlIna nAnA virodhI vAdoM kA sundara samanvaya unhoMne paramAtmA ke svarUpa varNana ke bahAne kara diyA hai| usase patA calatA hai, ki ve kevala purAne zAzvata aura ucchedavAda se hI nahIM, balki navIna vijJAnAdvaita aura zUnyavAda se bhI paricita the / unhoMne paramAtmA ke viSaya meM kahA hai " sassadamadha ucchedaM bhavvamabhavvaM ca suSNamidaraM ca / viSNANamaviNNANaM Na vi jujjadi prasadi sambhAve // " - patracA0 37 yadyapi unhoMne jainAgamoM ke anusAra AtmA ko kAya - parimANa bhI mAnA hai, phira bhI upaniSad aura dArzanikoM meM prasiddha Atmasarvagatatvavibhutva kA bhI apane DhaMga se samarthana kiyA hai, ki - " zrAdA jANapamANaM gANaM NeyappamANa muddiTTha / NeyaM loyAloyaM tamhA NANaM tu savvagayaM / / sabbagado jiraNa vasaho sadhye viya taggayA jagadi aTThA / gANamayAdo ya jiNo visayAdo tassa te bhaNiyA / / " --pravacana0 1 23, 26 yahA~ sarvagata zabda kAyama rakhakara artha meM parivartana kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki unhoMne spaSTa hI kahA hai, ki jJAna yA AtmA sarvagata hai / isakA matalaba yaha nahIM, ki jJAnI jJeya meM praviSTa hai, yA vyApta hai, kintu jaise cakSu artha se dUra raha kara bhI usakA jJAna kara sakatI hai, vaise AtmA bhI sarva padArthoM ko jAnatA bhara hai--pravacana0 1.28-32 / arthAt dUsare dArzanikoM ne sarvagata zabda kA artha, gama dhAtu ko gatyarthaka mAnakara sarvavyApaka yA vibhu, aisA kiyA hai, jaba ki AcArya ne 102 paMcA0 36 /

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250 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana gamadhAtu ko jJAnArthaka mAnakara sarvagata kA artha kiyA hai-sarvajJa / zabda vahI rahA, kintu artha jainAbhipreta bana gyaa| jagatkartatva : AcArya ne viSNu ke jagatkartRtva ke mantavya kA bhI samanvaya jaina dRSTi se karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / unhoMne kahA hai, ki vyavahAra-naya ke Azraya se jainasaMmata jIvakartRtva meM aura lokasaMmata viSNu ke jagatkartRtva meM vizeSa antara nahIM hai| ina donoM mantavyoM ko yadi pAramArthika mAnA jAe, to doSa yaha hogA ki donoM ke mata se mokSa kI kalpanA asaMgata ho jAegI04 / kartutvAkartatvaviveka : sAMkhyoM ke mata se AtmA meM kartRtva nahIM105 hai, kyoMki usameM pariNamana nahIM / kartRtva prakRti meM hai, kyoMki vaha prasavadharmA haiN|06 / puruSa vaisA nahIM / tAtparya yaha hai, ki jo pariNamanazIla ho, vaha kartA ho sakatA hai / AcArya kundakunda ne bhI AtmA ko sAMkhyamata ke samanvaya kI dRSTi se akartA to kahA hI hai, kintu akartRtva kA tAtparya jaina dRSTi se unhoMne batAyA hai, ki AtmA pudgala karmoM kA arthAt anAtma-pariNamana kA kartA nhiiN| jo pariNamanazIla ho vaha kartA hai| isa sAMkhyasaMmata vyApti ke bala se AtmA ko kartA hai bhI kahA hai kyoMki vaha pariNamanazIla hai| sAMkhyasaMmata AtmA kI kUTasthatA--apariNamanazIlatA AcArya ko mAnya nahIM / unhoMne jainAgama prasiddha AtmapariNamana kA samarthana kiyA hai109 aura sAMkhyoM kA nirAsa karake AtmA ko svapariNAmoM kA kartA mAnA hai| 103 bauddhoM ne bhI vibhutva kA svAbhipreta artha kiyA hai, ki "vibhutvaM punarjJAnaprahANaprabhAvasaMpannatA" madhyAntavibhAgaTIkA pR0 83 / 104 samayasAra 350-352 / 105 sAMkhyakA0 16 / 106 vahI 11 / 107 samayasAra 81-88 / 108 vahI 86,98 / pravacana0 2.62 se / niyamasAra 18 / 109 pravacana 1.46 / 1.8-se / 110 samayasAra 128 se|

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bhAgamottara jaina darzana kartRtva kI vyAvahArika vyAkhyA loka prasiddha bhASA prayoga kI dRSTi se hotI hai, isa bAta ko svIkAra karake bhI AcArya ne batAyA hai ki naizcayika yA pAramArthika kartRtva kI vyAkhyA dUsarI hI karanA cAhie / vyavahAra kI bhASA meM hama AtmA ko karma kA bhI kartA kaha sakate haiM 111 kintu naizcayika dRSTi se kisI bhI pariNAma yA kArya kA kartA svadravya hI hai, para dravya nahIM 112 / ataeva AtmA ko jJAna Adi svapariNAmoM kA 113 hI kartA mAnanA cAhie / Atmetara karmaprAdi yAvat kAraNoM ko apekSA kAraNa yA nimitta kahanA cAhie" / vastutaH : dArzanikoM kI dRSTi se jo upAdAna kAraNa hai, usI ko AcArya ne pAramArthika dRSTi se kartA kahA hai aura anya kAraNoM ko bauddha darzana prasiddha hetu, nimitta yA pratyaya zabda se kahA hai ! jisa prakAra jainoM ko IzvarakartR tva mAnya nahIM hai, 117 usI prakAra sarvathA karmakartRtva bhI mAnya nahIM hai / AcArya kI dArzanika dRSTi ne yaha doSa dekha liyA, ki yadi sarvakartRtva kI javAbadehI Izvara se chinakara karma ke Upara rakhI jAe, to puruSa kI svAdhInatA khaMDita ho jAtI hai / itanA hI nahIM, kintu aisA mAnane para jaina ke karmakartRtva meM aura sAMkhyoM . 116 prakRti kartRtva meM bheda bhI nahIM raha jAtA aura AtmA sarvathA akArakaakartA ho jAtA hai / aisI sthiti meM hiMsA yA abrahmacarya kA doSa AtmA meM na mAnakara karma meM hI mAnanA par3egA ' / ataeva mAnanA yaha cAhie ki AtmA ke pariNAmoM kA svayaM AtmA kartA hai aura karma apekSA kAraNa hai tathA karma ke pariNAmoM meM svayaM karma karttA hai aura AtmA apekSA hai117 / 111 samayasAra 105, 112-115 / samayasAra 110,111 / samayasAra 1075, 106 / 114 samayasAra 86-88, 336 / 112 113 117 samayasAra 350-352 / samayasAra 336-374 / samayasAra 86-88, 336 / 116 251 117 .

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252 zrAgama-yuga kA jana-darzana jaba taka moha ke kAraNa se jIva paradravyoM ko apanA samajha kara unake pariNAmoM meM nimitta banatA hai, taba taka saMsAra vRddhi nizcita hai " | jaba bhedajJAna ke dvArA anAtmA ko para samajhatA hai, taba vaha karma meM nimitta bhI nahIM banatA aura usakI mukti avazya hotI hai" zubha, azubha evaM zuddha zradhyavasAya : sAMkhyakArikA meM kahA hai ki dharma - puNya se Urdhvagamana hotA hai, adharma - pApa se adhogamana hotA hai, kintu jJAna se mukti milatI haiM |2| isI bAta ko AcArya ne jaina - paribhASA kA prayoga karake kahA hai, ki AtmA ke tIna adhyavasAya hote haiM - zubha, azubha aura zuddha / zubhAdhyavasAya kA phala svarga hai, azubha kA naraka Adi aura zuddha kA mukti hai 11 / isa mata kI nyAya-vaizeSika ke sAtha bhI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai / unake mata se bhI dharma aura adharma ye donoM saMsAra ke kAraNa haiM aura dharmAdharma se mukta zuddha caitanya hone para hI muktilAbha hotA hai / bheda yahI hai, ki ve mukta AtmA ko zuddha rUpa to mAnate haiM, kintu jJAnamaya nahIM / 1 saMsAra - varNana : AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM se yaha jAnA jAtA hai, ki ve sAMkhya darzana se paryApta mAtrA meM prabhAvita haiM / jaba ve AtmA ke akartatva Adi kA samarthana karate haiM122 taba vaha prabhAva spaSTa dikhatA hai / itanA hI nahIM, kintu sAMkhyoM kI hI paribhASA kA prayoga karake unhoMne saMsAra varNana bhI kiyA hai / sAMkhyoM ke anusAra prakRti aura puruSa kA bandha hI saMsAra hai / jainAgamoM meM prakRtibaMdha nAmaka baMdha kA eka prakAra mAnA gayA hai / ataeva 118 samayasAra 74-75, 66,417-416 / 119 vahI 76-76, 100, 104,343 // 120 "dharmeNa gamana mUdhvaM gamanamadhastAdbhavatyadharmeNa / jJAnena cApavarga:" sAMkhyakA0 44 121 pravacana0 1.6,11,12,13, 2.86 / samayasAra 155-161 / samayasAra 80,81348, / 932

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prAgamottara jaina-darzana 253 AcArya ne anya zabdoM kI apekSA prakRti zabda ko saMsAra-varNana prasaMga meM prayukta karake sAMkhya aura jaina darzana kI samAnatA kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai "cedA du payaDiyaTTha uppajadi viNassadi / payaDI vi cedayaTTa upajjadi viNassadi / evaM baMdho duNhapi aNNoNNapaccayANa have / appaNo payaDIe ya saMsAro teNa jAyade // " -samayasAra 340-41 sAMkhyoM ne paGgvaMdhanyAya se prakRti aura puruSa ke saMyoga se jo sarga mAnA hai usakI tulanA yahA~ karaNIya hai| "puruSasya darzanArtha kaMvalyArtha tathA pradhAnasya / pakagvandha vadubhayorapi saMyogastatkRtaH srgH|" -sAMkhyakA0 21 doSa-varNana : saMsAra-cakra kI gati rukane se mokSalabdhi kaise hotI hai, isakA varNana dArzanika sUtroM meM vividha rUpa se AtA hai, kintu sabhI kA tAtparya eka hI hai ki avidyA-moha kI nivRtti se hI mokSa prApta hotA hai / nyAya-sUtra ke anusAra mithyAjJAna evaM moha hI sabhI anarthoM kA mUla hai| mithyA jJAna se rAga aura dveSa aura anya doSa kI paramparA calatI hai| doSa se zubha aura azubha pravRtti hotI hai| zubha se dharma aura azubha se adharma hotA hai aura usI ke kAraNa janma hotA hai aura janma se duHkha prApta hotA hai / yahI saMsAra hai / isake viparIta jaba tattva jJAna arthAt samyagjJAna hotA hai, taba mithyA jJAna-moha kA nAza hotA hai aura usake nAza se uttarottara kA bhI nirodha ho jAtA hai13 aura isa prakAra saMsAra-cakra ruka jAtA hai| nyAya-sUtra meM sabhI doSoM kA samAveza rAga, dveSa aura moha ina tInoM meM kara diyA hai124 aura ina tInoM meM bhI moha 123 nyAyasU. 1.1.2 / aura nyAyabhA0 / 124 nyAyasU0 4.1.3 /

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254 bhAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana ko hI sabase prabala mAnA hai, kyoMki yadi moha nahIM to anya koI doSa utpanna hI nahIM hote 125 / ataeva tattva- jJAna se vastutaH moha ko nivRtti hone para saMsAra nirmUla ho jAtA hai| yogasUtra meM kleza-doSoM kA vargIkaraNa prakArAntara se hai:26, kintu sabhI doSoM kA mUla avidyA-- mithyA jJAna evaM moha meM hI mAnA gayA hai| yogasUtra ke anusAra klezoM se karmAzaya--puNyApuNya-dharmAdharma hotA hai129 aura karmAzaya se usakA phala jAti-deha, Ayu aura bhoga hotA hai| yahI saMsAra hai| isa saMsAra-cakra ko rokane kA eka hI upAya hai, ki bheda-jJAna se--viveka khyAti se avidyA kA nAza kiyA jAe / usI se kaivalya prApti hotI hai| sAMkhyoM kI prakRti triguNAtmaka hai131--sattva, rajas aura tamorUpa hai / dUsare zabdoM meM prakRti sukha, duHkha aura mohAtmaka hai, arthAt prItirAga, aprIti-dveSa aura viSAda-mohAtmaka hai132 / sAMkhyoM ne 33 viparyaya se bandha-saMsAra mAnA hai / sAMkhyoM ke anusAra pAMca viparyaya vahI haiM, jo yogasUtra ke anusAra kleza hai134 / tatva ke abhyAsa se jaba aviparyaya ho jAtA hai, taba kevalajJAna-bhedajJAna ho jAtA hai135 / isI se prakRti nivRtta ho jAtI hai, aura puruSa kaivalya lAbha karatA hai| bauddha darzana kA pratItyasamutpAda prasiddha hI hai, usameM bhI saMsAra cakra ke mUla meM avidyA hI hai| usI avidyA ke nirodha se saMsAra-cakra 125 "teSAM mohaH pApIyAna naamuuddhsyetrotpttH|" nyAyasU0 4.1.6 / 126 "avidyAsmitArAgadveSAbhinivezAH paJca klezAH / " 12deg "avidyA kSetramuttareSAm" 2.4 / 128 yoga0 2.12 / 129 vahI 2.13 / 13deg vahI0 2.25, 26 / 131 sAMkhyakA0 11 // 132 sAMkhyakA0 12 // 133 sAMkhyakA0 44 / 134 vahI 47-48 / 135 vahI 64 /

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prAgamottara jaina-darzana 255 ruka jAtA hai136 / sabhI doSoM kA saMgraha bauddhoM ne bhI rAga, dveSa aura moha meM kiyA hai / bauddhoM ne bhI rAga dveSa ke mUla meM moha hI ko mAnA hai138 / yahI avidyA hai| jaina AgamoM meM doSa varNana do prakAra se huA hai| eka to zAstrIya prakAra hai, jo jaina karma-zAstra kI vivecanA ke anukUla hai aura dUsarA prakAra lokAdara dvArA anya taithikoM meM pracalita aise doSa-varNana kA anusaraNa karatA hai| ____ karma zAstrIya paramparA ke anusAra kaSAya aura yoga ye hI do baMdha hetu haiM, aura usI kA vistAra karake kabhI-kabhI mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya aura yoga ye cAra aura kabhI-kabhI inameM pramAda milAkara pAMca hetu batAe jAte haiN| kaSAyarahita yoga bandha kA kAraNa hotA nahIM hai, isIlie vastutaH kaSAya hI bandha kA kAraNa hai| isakA spaSTa zabdoM meM vAcaka ne isa prakAra nirUpaNa kiyA hai / / ____ "sakaSAyatvAt jIvaH karmaNo yogyAn pudgalAn prAdatta |s bandhaH / " tattvArtha0 8.2,3 / ukta zAstrIya nirUpaNa prakAra ke alAvA tairthika saMmata mata ko bhI jaina AgamoM meM svIkRta kiyA hai / usake anusAra rAga, dveSa aura moha ye tIna saMsAra ke kAraNarUpa se jaina AgamoM meM batAe gae haiM aura unake tyAga kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai14deg / jaina-saMmata kaSAya ke cAra prakAroM ko rAga aura dveSa meM samanvita karake yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki rAga aura doSa ye do hI doSa haiN|41 / dUsare dArzanikoM kI taraha yaha bhI svIkRta kiyA hai, ki rAga aura dveSa ye bhI mUla meM moha hai 136 buddhavacana pR0 30 / 137 buddhavacana pR0 22 / abhidhamma 3.5 / 138 buddhavacana Ti0 pR0 4 / 139 tattvArthasUtra (paM0 sukhalAla jI) 8.1 / 14deg uttarAdhyayana 21.26 / 23 43 / 28.20 / 26.71 / 37.2,6 / 141 "dohi ThANehi pApakammA baMdhati / taM jahA-rAgeNa ya doseNa ya / rAge duvihe paNNate taM jahA mAyA ya lobhe ya / dose"kohe ya mANe ya / " sthA0 2. u0 2 / prajJApanApada 23 / utta0 30.1 /

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256 pAgama yuga kA jaina-darzana "rAgo ya doso vi ya kammabIyaM kammaM ca mohappabhavaM vayanti / " uttarA0 32.7 / jaina karmazAstra ke anusAra mohanIya karma ke do bheda haiM darzanamoha aura cAritra moha / dUsare dArzanikoM ne jise avidyA, ajJAna, tamas, moha yA mithyAtva kahA hai, vahI jaina saMmata darzanamoha hai aura dUsaroM ke rAga aura dveSa kA antarbhAva jaina-saMmata cAritra moha meM hai| jaina saMmata jJAnAvaraNIya karma se janya ajJAna meM aura darzanAntara saMmata avidyA moha yA mithyAjJAna meM atyanta vailakSaNya hai, isakA dhyAna rakhanA cAhie / kyoMki avidyA se unakA tAtparya hai, jIva ko vipathagAmI karane vAlA mithyAtva yA moha, kintu jJAnavaraNIyajanya ajJAna meM jJAna kA abhAva mAtra vivakSita hai / arthAt darzanAntarIya-avidyA kadAgraha kA kAraNa hotI hai, anAtmA meM AtmA ke adhyAsa kA kAraNa banatI hai, jaba ki jaina-saMmata ukta ajJAna jAnane kI azakti ko sUcita karatA hai / eka-avidyA ke kAraNa saMsAra bar3hatA hI hai, jaba ki dUsarA--ajJAna saMsAra ko bar3hAtA hI hai, aisA niyama nahIM hai| nIce doSoM kA tulanAtmaka koSThaka diyA jAtA hai-- jaina naiyAyika sAMkhya yoga bauddha mohanIya doSa guNa viparyaya kleza akuzalahetu 1 darzana moha moha tamoguNa tamas avidyA moha moha asmitA 2 cAritra moha maayaa| lAmA rAga rAga satvaguNa mahAmoha rAga krodha) dveSa rajoguNa tAmisra . dveSa dveSa andhatAmisra abhiniveza rAga mAna

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prAgamottara jaina-darzana 257 AcArya kundakunda ne jaina paribhASA ke anusAra saMsAravardhaka doSoM kA varNana kiyA to hai142, kintu adhikatara doSavarNana sarvasugamatA kI daSTi se kiyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai, ki unake granthoM meM rAga, dveSa aura moha ina tIna maulika doSoM kA bAra-bAra jikra AtA hai aura mukti ke lie inhIM doSoM ko dUra karane ke lie bhAra diyA gayA hai| bheda-jJAna : sabhI Astika darzanoM ke anusAra vizeSa kara anAtmA se AtmA kA viveka karanA yA bhedajJAna karanA, yahI samyagjJAna hai, amoha hai / bauddhoM ne satkAyadRSTi kA nivAraNa karake mUDhadRSTi ke tyAga kA jo upadeza diyA hai, usameM bhI rUpa, vijJAna Adi meM Atma-buddhi ke tyAga kI ora hI lakSya diyA gayA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne bhI apane granthoM meM bhedajJAna karAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| ve bhI kahate haiM, ki AtmA mArgaNAsthAna, guNasthAna, jIvasthAna, nAraka, tiryaJca, manuSya, aura deva, nahIM hai| vaha bAla, vRddha, aura taruNa nahIM hai / vaha rAga dveSa, moha nahIM hai; krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha nahIM hai| vaha karma, nokarma nahIM hai / usameM varNa Adi nahIM hai ityAdi bhedAbhyAsa karanA cAhie144 / zuddhAtmA kA yaha bhedAbhyAsa jainAgamoM meM bhI vidyamAna hai hii| use hI pallavita karake AcArya ne zuddhAtmasvarUpa kA varNana kiyA hai| tattvAbhyAsa hone para puruSa ko hone vAle vizuddha jJAna kA varNana sAMkhyoM ne kiyA hai, ki "evaM tattvAbhyAsAnnAsmi na me nAhamityaparizeSam / aviparyayAdvizuddha kepalamutpadyate jJAnam // " -sAMsyakA0 64 142 samayasAra 64,66,116,185,188 / paMcA0 47,147 ityaadi| niyamasAra 81 / 143 pravacana 1.84,88 / paMcA0 135,136,146,153, 156 / samayasAra 165,186,161,201,306,307, 306,310 / niyamasAra 57,80 ityAdi / 144 niyamasAra 70-83,106 / samayasAra 6,22,25-60 420-433 / pravacana0 2.66 se|

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258 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana isI prakAra AcArya kundakunda ne bhI AtmA aura anAtmA, bandha aura mokSa kA varNana karake sAdhaka ko upadeza diyA hai, ki AtmA aura bandha donoM ke svabhAva ko jAnakara jo bandhana meM nahIM ramaNa karatA, vaha mukta ho jAtA hai14 / baddha AtmA bhI prajJA ke sahAre AtmA aura anAtmA kA bheda jAna letA hai46 / unhoMne kahA hai "paNNAe ghetavo jo cedA so ahaM tu nnicchydo| paNNAe ghetavvo jo daTaThA so ahaM tu Nicchayado // paNNAe ghetavvo jo NAdA so ahaM tu nnicchydo| pravasesA je bhAvA te manjha pareti NAdavvA // ---samayasAra 325-27 AcArya ke isa varNana meM AtmA ke draSTutva aura jJAtRtva kI jo bAta kahI gaI hai, vaha sAMkhya saMmata puruSa ke draSTTatva kI yAda dilAtI hai / pramANa-carcA : AcArya kundakunda ne apane granthoM meM svatantrabhAva se pramANa kI carcA to nahIM kI hai| aura na umAsvAti kI taraha zabdataH pA~ca jJAnoM ko pramANa saMjJA hI dI hai| phira bhI jJAnoM kA jo prAsaMgika varNana hai, vaha dArzanikoM kI pramANacarcA se prabhAvita hai hii| ataeva jJAnacarcA ko hI pramANacarcA mAna kara prastuta meM varNana kiyA jAtA hai| itanA to kisI se chipA nahIM rahatA, ki vAcaka umAsvAti kI jJAnacarcA se AcArya kundakunda ko jJAnacarcA meM dArzanika vikAsa kI mAtrA adhika hai / yaha bAta Age kI carcA se spaSTa ho skegii| advaita dRSTi : AcArya kundakunda kA zreSTha grantha samayasAra hai| usameM unhoMne tatvoM kA vivecana naizcayika dRSTi kA avalambana lekara kiyA hai / khAsa 145 samayasAra 321 / 146 vahI 322 / 140 sAMkhyakA0 16,66 /

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prAgamottara jaina-darzana 256 uddezya to hai-AtmA ke nirupAdhika zuddha svarUpa kA prtipaadn| kintu usI ke lie anya tattvoM kA bhI pAramArthika rUpa batAne kA AcArya ne prayatna kiyA hai / AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA varNana karate hue AcArya ne kahA hai, ki vyavahAra dRSTi ke Azraya se yadyapi AtmA aura usake jJAna Adi guNoM meM pArasparika bheda kA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai, phira bhI nizcaya dRSTi se itanA hI kahanA paryApta hai, ki jo jJAtA hai, vahI AtmA hai yA AtmA jJAyaka hai, anya kucha nahIM 148 / isa prakAra AcArya kI abhedagAminI dRSTi ne AtmA ke sabhI guNoM kA abheda jJAna-guNa meM kara diyA hai aura anyatra spaSTatayA samarthana bhI kiyA hai, ki saMpUrNa jJAna hI aikAntika sukha hai 149 / itanA hI nahIM, kintu dravya aura guNa meM arthAt jJAna aura jJAnI meM bhI koI bheda nahIM hai, aisA pratipAdana kiyA hai150 / unakA kahanA hai ki AtmA kartA ho, jJAna karaNa ho, yaha bAta bhI nahIM, kintu "jo jANadi so gANaM Na havadi gANeNa jANago praadaa|" pravacana0 1.35 / unhoMne AtmA ko hI upaniSad kI bhASA meM sarvasva batAyA hai aura usI kA avalambana mukti hai, aisA pratipAdana kiyA hai|51 / AcArya kundakunda kI abheda dRSTi ko itane se bhI saMtoSa nahIM huaa| unake sAmane vijJAnAdvaita tathA AtmAdvaita kA Adarza bhI thA / vijJAnAdvaitavAdiyoM kA kahanA hai, ki jJAna meM jJAnAtirikta bAhya padArthoM kA pratibhAsa nahIM hotA, sva kA hI pratibhAsa hotA hai / brahmAdvaita kA bhI yahI abhiprAya hai, ki saMsAra meM brahmAtirikta kucha nahIM hai / ataeva sabhI pratibhAsoM meM brahma ho pratibhAsita hotA hai| __ ina donoM matoM ke samanvaya kI dRSTi se AcArya ne kaha diyA, ki nizcaya dRSTi se kevala jJAnI AtmA ko hI jAnatA hai, bAhya padArthoM 14 samayasAra 6,7 / 149 pravacana0 1.56,60 / 15deg samayasAra 10,11, 433 paMcA0 40,46 dekho prastAvanA pR0 121, 122 / 151 samayasAra 16-21 / niyamasAra 65-100 /

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Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana ko nahIM / aisA kaha karake to AcArya ne jaina darzana aura advaitavAda kA antara bahuta kama kara diyA hai, aura jaina darzana ko advaitavAda ke nikaTa rakha diyA hai / 260 AcArya kundakundakRta sarvajJa kI ukta vyAkhyA apUrva hai aura unhIM ke kucha anuyAyiyoM taka sImita rahI hai / digambara jaina dArzanika akalaMkAdi ne bhI ise chor3a ho diyA hai / jJAna kI sva-para- prakAzakatA : dArzanikoM meM yaha eka vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai, ki jJAna ko svaprakAzaka, paraprakAzaka yA svaparaprakAzaka mAnA jAe | vAcaka ne isa carcA ko jJAna ke vivecana meM cher3A hI nahIM hai / saMbhavata: AcArya kundakunda hI prathama jaina AcArya haiM, jinhoMne jJAna ko svaparaprakAzaka mAna kara isa carcA kA sUtrapAta jaina darzana meM kiyA / AcArya kundakunda ke bAda ke sabhI AcAryoM ne AcArya ke isa mantavya ko eka svara se mAnA hai / AcArya kI isa carcA kA sAra nIce diyA jAtA hai jisase unakI dalIloM kA krama dhyAna meM A jAegA - ( niyamasAra - 160170) / prazna- yadi jJAna ko paradravyaprakAzaka, darzana ko AtmA kA - svadravya kA ( jIva kA ) prakAzaka aura AtmA ko svaparaprakAzaka mAnA jAe to kyA doSa hai ? (160) uttara- - yahI doSa hai, ki aisA mAnane para jJAna aura darzana kA atyanta vailakSaNya hone se donoM ko atyanta bhinna mAnanA par3egA / kyoMki jJAna to paradravya ko jAnatA hai, darzana nahIM / ( 161 ) dUsarI Apatti yaha hai, ki svaparaprakAzaka hone se AtmA to para kA bhI prakAzaka hai / ataeva vaha darzana se jo ki paraprakAzaka nahIM, bhinna hI siddha hogA / ( 162 ) 152 " jANAdi passadi savyaM vavahAraNayeNa kevalI bhagavaM / harANI jAdi passadi niyameNa appANaM || niyamasAra 158

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mAgamottara jana-darzana 261 ataeva mAnanA yaha cAhie, ki jJAna vyavahAra-naya se paraprakAzaka hai, aura darzana bhI tathA AtmA bhI vyavahAra-naya se hI paraprakAzaka hai, aura darzana bhI / (163) kintu nizcaya-naya kI apekSA se jJAna sva prakAzaka hai, aura darzana bhI tathA AtmA svaprakAzaka hai, aura darzana bhI hai / (164) prazna-yadi nizcaya naya ko hI svIkAra kiyA jAe aura kahA jAe ki kevala jJAnI Atma-svarUpa ko hI jAnatA hai, lokAloka ko nahIM taba kyA doSa hai ? (165) uttara-jo mUrta aura amUrta ko, jIva aura ajIva ko, sva aura sabhI ko jAnatA hai, usake jJAna ko atIndriya pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai aura jo pUrvokta sakala dravyoM ko unake nAnA paryAyoM ke sAtha nahIM jAnatA, usake jJAna ko parokSa kahA jAtA hai| ataeva yadi ekAnta nizcaya-naya kA Agraha rakhA jAe to kevala jJAnI ko pratyakSa nahIM, kintu parokSa jJAna hotA hai, yaha mAnanA pdd'egaa| (166-167) prazna-aura yadi vyavahAra naya kA hI Agraha rakha kara aisA kahA jAe ki kevala jJAnI lokAloka ko to jAnatA hai, kintu svadravya AtmA ko nahIM jAnatA, taba kyA doSa hogA ? (168) uttara-jJAna hI to jIva kA svarUpa hai / ataeva para dravya ko jAnane vAlA jJAna svadravya prAtmA ko na jAne. yaha kaise saMbhava hai aura yadi jJAna svadravya AtmA ko nahIM jAnatA hai, aisA Agraha ho, taba yaha mAnanA par3egA, ki jJAna jIva svarUpa nahIM, kintu usase bhinna hai / vastutaH dekhA jAe, to jJAna hI AtmA hai aura prAtmA hI jJAna hai / ataeva vyavahAra aura nizcaya donoM ke samanvaya se yahI kahanA ucita hai, ki jJAna svaparaprakAzaka hai aura darzana bhii| (166-170) samyagjJAna : vAcaka ne samyagjJAna kA artha kiyA hai-avyabhicAri, prazasta aura saMgata / kintu AcArya kundakunda ne samyagjJAna kI jo vyAkhyA kI hai,

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262 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana usameM dArzanika prasiddha samAropa kA vyavaccheda abhipreta hai| unhoMne kahA hai"saMsayavimohavinbhamavivajjiyaM hodi saNNANaM // " -niyamasAra 51 saMzaya, vimoha aura vibhrama se vajita jJAna samyagjJAna hai / eka dUsarI bAta bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai / vizeSakara bauddha grAdi dArzanikoM ne samyagjJAna ke prasaMga meM heya aura upAdeya zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / AcArya kundakunda bhI heyopAdeya tattvoM ke adhigama ko samyagjJAna kahate haiM / 153 svabhAvajJAna aura vibhAvajJAna : vAcaka ne pUrva paramparA ke anusAra mati, zruta, avadhi aura manaH paryAya jJAnoM ko kSAyopazamika aura kevala ko kSAyika jJAna kahA hai| kintu AcArya kundakunda ke darzana kI vizeSatA yaha hai, ki ve sarvagamya paribhASA kA upayoga karate haiM / ataeva unhoMne kSAyopazamika jJAnoM ke lie vibhAva jJAna aura kSAyika jJAna ke lie svabhAva jJAna-ina zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai14 / unakI vyAkhyA hai, ki kArmopAdhivajita jo paryAya hoM, ve svAbhAvika paryAya haiM aura karmopAdhika jo paryAya ho, ve vaibhAvika paryAya haiM / isa vyAkhyA ke anusAra zuddha AtmA kA jJAnopayoga svabhAvajJAna hai aura azuddha AtmA kA jJAnopayoga vibhAvajJAna hai / pratyakSa-parokSa : prAcArya kundakunda ne vAcaka kI taraha prAcIna AgamoM kI vyavasthA ke anusAra hI jJAnoM meM pratyakSatva-parokSatva kI vyavasthA kI hai| pUrvokta svaparaprakAza kI carcA ke prasaMga meM pratyakSa-parokSa jJAna kI jo vyAkhyA dI gaI hai, vahI pravacanasAra (1.40.41,54-58 meM bhI hai, kintu pravacanasAra meM ukta vyAkhyAoM ko yukti se bhI siddha karane kA 153 "adhigamabhAvo gANaM heyopAdeyataccANaM / " niyamasAra 52 / suttapAiDa 5 / niyamasAra 38 / 154 niyamasAra 10,11,12 / 155 niyamasAra 15 /

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prAgamottara jaina-darzana 263 prayatna kiyA hai / unakA kahanA hai, ki dUsare dArzanika indriyajanya jJAnoM kA pratyakSa mAnate haiM, kintu vaha pratyakSa kaise ho sakatA hai ? kyoMki indriyA~ to anAtmarUpa hone se paradravya haiN| ataeva indriyoM ke dvArA upalabdha vastu kA jJAna pratyakSa nahIM ho sakatA / indriyajanya jJAna ke lie parokSa zabda hI upayukta hai, kyoMki para se hone vAle jJAna hI ko to parokSa kahate haiM / jJapti kA tAtparya : jJAna se artha jAnane kA matalaba kyA hai ? kyA jJAna artharUpa ho jAtA hai athavA jJAna aura jJaya kA bheda miTa jAtA hai ? yA jaisA artha kA prAkAra hotA hai, vaisA AkAra jJAna kA ho jAtA hai ? yA jJAna artha meM praviSTa ho jAtA hai ? yA artha jJAna meM praviSTa ho jAtA hai ? yA jJAna artha meM utpanna hotA hai ? ina praznoM kA uttara prAcArya ne apane DhaMga se dene kA prayatna kiyA hai / prAcArya kA kahanA hai, ki jJAnI jJAna svabhAva hai aura artha jJeya svabhAva / ataeva bhinna svabhAva hone se ye donoM svatantra haiM eka kI vRtti dUsare meM nahIM hai15 / aisA kaha karake vastutaH prAcArya ne yaha batAyA hai, ki saMsAra meM mAtra vijJAnAdvaita nahIM, bAhyArtha bhI haiM / unhoMne dRSTAnta diyA hai, ki jaise cakSu apane meM rUpa kA praveza na hone para bhI rUpa ko jAnatI hai, vaise hI jJAna vAhyArthoM ko viSaya karatA hai 18 / donoM meM viSaya-viSayI bhAvarUpa sambandha ko chor3a kara aura koI sambandha nahIM hai / 'arthoM meM jJAna hai' isakA tAtparya batalAte hue prAcArya ne indranIla maNi kA dRSTAnta diyA hai, aura kahA hai, ki jaise dUdha ke bartana meM rakhA huA indranIla maNi apanI dIpti se dUdha ke rUpa kA abhibhava karake usameM rahatA hai, vaise hI jJAna bhI arthoM meM hai| tAtparya yaha hai, ki dUdhagata maNi svayaM dravyataH sampUrNa dUdha meM vyApta nahIM hai, phira bhI usakI dIpti ke kAraNa samasta dUdha nIla varNa kA dikhAI detA hai, usI prakAra jJAna sampUrNa artha meM dravyataH nahIM 156 pravacanasAra 57,58 / 657 pravacana0 128 / 158 pravacana0 1.28,26 /

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264 bhAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana hotA hai, tathApi vicitra zakti ke kAraNa artha ko jAna letA hai / isIlie artha meM jJAna hai, aisA kahA jAtA hai|59 / isI prakAra, yadi artha meM jJAna hai, to jJAna meM bhI artha hai, yaha bhI mAnanA ucita hai| kyoMki yadi jJAna meM artha nahIM, to jJAna kisakA hogA160 ? isa prakAra jJAna aura artha kA paraspara meM praveza na hote hue bhI viSayaviSayIbhAva ke kAraNa 'jJAna' meM artha' aura 'artha meM jJAna' isa vyavahAra kI upapatti AcArya ne batalAI hai / jJAna-darzana kA yogapadya : vAcaka kI taraha AcArya kundakunda ne bhI kevalI ke jJAna aura darzana kA yogapadya mAnA hai / vizeSatA yaha hai, ki AcArya ne yogapadya ke samarthana meM dRSTAnta diyA hai, ki jaise sUrya ke prakAza aura tApa yugapad hote haiM, vaise hI kevalI ke jJAna aura darzana kA yogapadya hai - "jugavaM vaTTai gANaM kevalaNAriNassa daMsaNaM tahA diNayara payAsatApaM jaha vaTTai taha mugeyavvaM // " niyamasAra 156 / sarvajJa kA jJAna : AcArya kundakunda ne apanI abheda dRSTi ke anurUpa nizcaya-dRSTi se sarvajJa kI nayI vyAkhyA kI hai aura bheda-dRSTi kA avalambana karane vAloM ke anukUla hokara vyavahAra-dRSTi se sarvajJa kI vahI vyAkhyA kI hai, jo AgamoM meM tathA vAcaka ke tattvArtha meM hai / unhoMne kahA hai "jANadi passadi savvaM vavahAraNaeNa kevalI bhagavaM / kevalaNANI jANadi passadi NiyameNa appANaM // " --niyamasAra 158 vyavahAra-dRSTi se kahA jAtA hai, ki kevalI sabhI dravyoM ko jAnate haiM, kintu paramArthataH vaha AtmA ko hI jAnatA hai / ___ sarvajJa ke vyAvahArika jJAna kI varNanA karate hue unhoMne isa bAta ko balapUrvaka kahA hai, ki traikAlika sabhI dravyoM aura paryAyoM kA 151 pravacana0 1.30 / 16deg vahI 31 /

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prAgamottara jaina-darzana 265 jJAna sarvajJa ko yugapad hotA hai, aisA hI mAnanA cAhie161 / kyoMki yadi vaha traikAlika dravyoM aura unake paryAyoM ko yugapad na jAnakara kramazaH jAnegA, taba to vaha kisI eka dravya ko bhI unake sabhI paryAyoM ke sAtha nahIM jAna skegaa|62 / aura jaba eka hI dravya ko usake ananta paryAyoM ke sAtha nahIM jAna sakegA, to vaha sarvajJa kaise hogA 13 ? dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai, ki yadi athoM kI apekSA karake jJAna kramazaH utpanna hotA hai, aisA mAnA jAe, taba koI jJAna nitya, kSAyika aura sarva-viSayaka siddha hogA nhiiN| yahI to sarvajJa-jJAna kA mAhAtmya hai, ki vaha nitya kAlika sabhI viSayoM ko yugapat jaantaahai'65| kintu jo paryAya anutpanna haiM aura vinaSTa haiM, aise asadbha ta paryAyoM ko kevalajJAnI kisa prakAra jAnatA hai ? isa prazna kA uttara unhoMne diyA hai, ki samasta dravyoM ke sadbhata aura asadbhata sabhI paryAya vizeSa rUpa se vartamAnakAlika paryAyoM kI taraha spaSTa pratibhAsita hote haiM166 / yahI to usa jJAna ko divyatA hai, ki vaha ajAta aura naSTa donoM paryAyoM kI jAna letA hai|6| matijJAna : ___AcArya kundakunda ne matijJAna ke bhedoM kA nirUpaNa prAcIna paramparA ke anukUla avagraha Adi rUpa se karake hI saMtoSa nahIM mAnA, kintu anya prakAra se bhI kiyA hai / vAcaka ne eka jIva meM adhika se adhika cAra jJAnoM kA yogapadya mAnakara bhI kahA hai, ki una cAroM kA upayoga to kramazaH hI hogA168 / ataeva yaha to nizcita hai, ki vAcaka ne 111 pravacana0 1.47 / 162 pravacana0 1.48 / 163 vahI 1.46 / 164 vahI 1.50 / 165 vahI 1.51 / 166 pravacana0 1.37,38 / 167 vahI 1.36 / 138 tasvArtha bhA0 1.31 /

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266 prAgama-yuga kA jana-darzana matijJAna Adi ke labdhi aura upayoga aise do bhedoM ko svIkAra kiyA hI hai / kintu prAcArya kundakunda ne matijJAna ke upalabdhi, bhAvanA aura upayoga ye tIna bheda bhI kie haiN|69 / prastuta meM upalabdhi, labdhi-samAnArthaka nahIM hai / vAcaka kA mati upayoga-upalabdhi zabda se vivakSita jAna par3atA hai / indriyajanya jJAnoM ke lie dArzanikoM meM upalabdhi zabda prasiddha hI hai / usI zabda kA prayoga AcArya ne usI artha meM prastuta kiyA hai / indriyajanya jJAna ke bAda manuSya upalabdha viSaya meM saMskAra dRr3ha karane ke lie jo manana karatA hai, vaha bhAvanA hai / isa jJAna meM mana kI mukhyatA hai / isake bAda upayoga hai| yahA~ upayoga zabda kA artha kevala jJAnavyApAra nahIM, kintu bhAvita viSaya meM prAtmA kI tanmayatA hI upayoga zabda se AcArya ko iSTa hai, yaha jAna par3atA hai / zrutajJAna : vAcaka ne 'pramANanayaradhigamaH' (1.6) isa sUtra meM nayoM ko pramANa se pRthak rakhA hai| vAcaka ne pA~ca jJAnoM ke sAtha pramANoM kA abheda to batAyA hI hai,kintu nayoM ko kisa jJAna meM samAviSTa karanA, isakI carcA nahIM kI hai| AcArya kundakunda ne zruta ke bhedoM kI carcA karate hue nayoM ko bhI zruta kA eka bheda batalAyA hai / unhoMne zruta ke bheda isa prakAra kie haiM-labdhi, bhAvanA, upayoga aura ny|| AcArya ne samyagdarzana kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai, ki AptaAgama aura tatva kI zraddhA samyagdarzana hai172 / Apta ke lakSaNa meM anya guNoM ke sAtha kSudhA-tRSA Adi kA abhAva bhI batAyA hai / arthAt unhoMne Apta kI vyAkhyA digambara mAnyatA ke anusAra kI hai / Agama kI 169 paMcAsti0 42 / 10 tatvArtha0 1.10 / 171 paMcA0 43 / 172 niyamasAra 5 // 153 niyamasAra 6 /

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prAgamottara jaina-barzana 267 vyAkhyA meM unhoMne vacana ko pUrvAparadoSarahita kahA hai174, usa se unakA tAtparya dArzanikoM ke pUrvApara virodha doSa ke rAhitya se hai| naya-nirUpaNa : vyavahAra aura nizcaya-AcArya kundakunda ne nayoM ke naigama Adi bhedoM kA vivaraNa nahIM kiyA hai| kintu Agamika vyavahAra aura nizcaya naya kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai aura una donoM nayoM ke AdhAra se mokSamArga kA aura tatvoM kA pRthakkaraNa kiyA hai / Agama meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI jo carcA hai, usa kA nirdeza hamane pUrva meM kiyA hai| nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI vyAkhyA AcArya ne AgamAnukUla hI kI hai, kintu una nayoM ke AdhAra se vicAraNIya viSayoM kI adhikatA AcArya ke granthoM meM spaSTa hai| una viSayoM meM AtmA Adi kucha viSaya to aise haiM, jo Agama meM bhI haiM, kintu Agamika varNana meM yaha nahIM batAyA gayA, ki yaha vacana amuka naya kA hai / AcArya ke vivecana ke prakAza meM yadi AgamoM ke una vAkyoM kA bodha kiyA jAe, to yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai, ki Agama ke ve vAkya kauna se naya ke Azraya se prayukta hue haiM / ukta do nayoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue prAcArya ne kahA haivavahAro'bhUvattho bhUdatyo desido du suddhnnyo|" -samayasAra 13 vyavahAra naya abhUtArtha hai aura zuddha arthAt nizcaya naya bhUtArtha hai| tAtparya itanA hI hai, ki vastu ke pAramArthika tAttvika zuddha svarUpa kA grahaNa nizcaya naya se hotA hai aura azaddha apAramArthika yA laukika svarUpa kA grahaNa vyavahAra se hotA hai / vastutaH chaha dravyoM meM jIva aura pudgala ina do dravyoM ke viSaya meM sAMsArika jIvoM ko bhrama hotA hai| jIva saMsArAvasthA meM prAyaH pudgala se bhinna upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / ataeva sAdhAraNa loga jIva meM aneka aise dharmoM kA adhyAsa kara dete haiM, jo vastutaH usake nahIM hote| isI prakAra pudgala ke viSaya meM bhI viparyAsa kara dete 174 niyamasAra 8, 186 /

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268 bhAgama-yuga kA jana-varzana haiN| isI viparyAsa kI dRSTi se vyavahAra ko abhUtArthagrAhI kahA gayA hai aura nizcaya ko bhUtArthagrAhI / parantu AcArya isa bAta ko bhI mAnate ho haiM, ki viparyAsa bhI nirmUla nahIM hai / jIva anAdi kAla se mithyAtva, ajJAna aura avirati ina tInoM pariNAmoM se pariNata hotA hai| inhIM pariNAmoM ke kAraNa yaha saMsAra kA sArA viparyAsa hai, isase inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yadi hama saMsAra kA astitva mAnate haiM, to vyavahAra naya ke viSaya kA bhI astitva mAnanA par3egA / vastutaH nizcaya naya bhI tabhI taka eka svatantra naya hai, jaba taka usakA pratipakSI vyavahAra vidyamAna hai / yadi vyavahAra naya nahIM, to nizcaya bhI nhiiN| yadi saMsAra nahIM to mokSa bhI nahIM / saMsAra evaM mokSa jaise paraspara sApekSa haiM, vaise hI vyavahAra aura nizcaya bhI paraspara sApekSa hai / AcArya kundakunda ne parama tasva kA varNana karate hue ina donoM nayoM kI sApekSatA ko dhyAna meM rakha kara hI kaha diyA hai, ki vastutaH tatva kA varNana na nizcaya se ho sakatA hai, na vyavahAra se| kyoMki ye donoM naya amaryAdita ko, avAcya ko, maryAdita aura vAcya banAkara varNana karate haiM / ataeva vastu kA parama zuddha svarUpa to pakSAtikrAnta hai / vaha na vyavahAragrAhya hai aura na nizcayagrAhya / jaise jIva ko vyavahAra ke Azraya se baddha kahA jAtA hai, aura nizcaya ke Azraya se abaddha kahA jAtA hai / spaSTa hai, ki jIva meM abaddha kA vyavahAra bhI baddha kI apekSA se huA hai / ataeva AcArya ne kaha diyA, ki vastutaH jIva na baddha hai aura na abaddha, kintu pakSAtikrAnta hai / yahI samayasAra hai, yahI paramAtmA hai / vyavahAra naya ke nirAkaraNa 175 samayasAra 66 / 176 samayasAra tAtparya0 pR0 67 / . "kammaM baddhamabaddha jIve evaM tu jANa gayapakvaM / pakkSAtikato puNa bhaNNavi jo so smysaaro||" -samayasAra 152 "bogNavi yAraNa bhaNiyaM mANai mavaraM tu samayaparibaro / NaNayapakvaM giNhadi kiMci vi jayapaksaparihINo // " -samaya0 153

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prAgamottara jana-darzana 266 . ke lie nizcaya naya kA avalambana hai, kintu nizcayanayAvalambana hI kartavya kI itizrI nahIM hai / usake Azraya se AtmA ke svarUpa kA bodha karake use chor3ane para hI tatva kA sAkSAtkAra saMbhava hai| AcArya ke prastuta mata ke sAtha nAgArjuna ke nimna mata kI tulanA karanI cAhie "zUnyatA sarvadRSTInAM proktA niHsaraNaM jinaH / yeSAM tu zUnyatAdRSTistAnasAdhyAn babhASire // " -mAdhya0 13.8 zanyamiti na vaktavyamazanyamiti vA bhavet / ubhayaM nobhayaM ceti prAptyartha tu kathyate // " -mAdhya0 22.11 prasaMga se nAgArjuna aura prAcArya kundakunda kI eka anya bAta bhI tulanIya hai, jisakA nirdeza bhI upayukta hai / prAcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai ___"jaha Navi sakramaNajjo aNajjabhAsaM viNA du gAhehU~ / taha vavahAreNa viNA paramatthuvavesaNamasakkaM // " -samayasAra 8 ye hI zabda nAgArjuna ke kathana meM bhI haiM "nAnyayA bhASayA mlecchaH zakyo prAhayituM ythaa| na laukikamate lokaH zakyo prAhayituM tathA // " -mAdhya0 pR0 370 AcArya ne aneka viSayoM kI carcA ukta donoM nayoM ke Azraya se kI hai, jinameM se kucha ye haiM-jJAnAdi guNa aura AtmA kA sambandha, AtmA aura deha kA sambandha, jIva aura adhyavasAya, guNasthAna Adi sambandha, mokSamArga jJAnAdi, AtmA82, kartRtva, AtmA 1 samaya0 7,16,30 se| 17 samayasAra 32 se| 18deg samayasAra 61 se| 181 paMcA0 167 se / niyama 18 se / darzana prA0 20 / 182 samaya0 6,16 ityAvi, niyama 46 / 183 samaya0 24,90 mAdi; niyama 018 /

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270 zrAgamayuga kA jaina - darzana aura karma, kriyA bhoga 184 ; baddhatva - abaddhatva 185 mokSopayogI liMga 166 baMdha - vicAra, sarvajJatva "evaM pudgala " Adi / 955 AcArya siddhasena divAkara : siddhasena divAkara ko 'sanmati prakaraNa' kI prastAvanA meM ( pR043) paNDita sukhalAla jI aura paNDita becaradAsa jI ne vikrama kI pAMcavI zatAbdI ke AcArya mAne haiM / ukta pustaka ke aMgrejI saMskaraNa meM maiMne sUcita kiyA thA, ki dharmakIrti ke pramANavArtika Adi grantha ke prakAza meM siddhasena ke samaya ko zAyada parivartita karanA par3e, pAMcavI ke sthAna meM chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI meM siddhasena kI sthiti mAnanA par3e / kintu abhI-abhI paNDita sukhalAla jI ne siddhasena ke samaya kI punaH carcA kI hai / usameM unhoMne siddha kiyA hai, ki siddhasena ko pAMcavI zatAbdI kA hI vidvAn mAnanA caahie| unakA mukhya tarka hai, ki pUjyapAda kI sarvArthasiddhi meM siddhasena kI dvAtriMzikA kA uddharaNa hai / ataeva pAMcavI ke uttarArdha se chaThI ke pUrvArdha taka meM mAne jAne vAle pUjyapAda se pUrvavartI hone ke kAraNa siddhasena ko vikrama pAMcavI zatAbdI kA hI vidvAn mAnanA cAhie / isa tarka ke rahate, aba siddhasena ke samaya kI uttarAvadhi pAMcavI zatAbdI se Age nahIM bar3ha sktii| unheM pAMcavIM zatAbdI se arvAcIna nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / 195 vastutaH siddhasena ke samaya kI carcA ke prasaMga meM nyAyAvatAragata kucha zabdoM aura siddhAntoM ko lekara pro0 jekobI ne yaha siddha karane kI 184 samaya0 386 se / 185 samaya0 151 / 186 samaya0 444 / 187 pravacana 2.67 / 188 niyama0 158 / 189 niyama0 26 / 190 'zrI siddhasena divAkaranA samayano prazna' bhAratIya vidyA varSa 3 pR0 152 191 sarvArthasiddhi 7. 13 meM siddhasena kI tIsarI dvAtriMzikA kA 16 vA~ padya uddhata hai| .

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prAgamottara jaina-darzana 271 ceSTA kI thI,192 ki siddhasena dharmakIti ke bAda hue haiM ! pro0 vaidya ne bhI unhIM kA anusaraNa kiyA193 / kucha vidvAnoM ne nyAyAvatAra ke navam zloka ke lie kahA, ki vaha samantabhadrakRta ratnakaraNDa kA hai, ataeva siddhasena samanta bhadra ke bAda hae / isa prakAra siddhasena ke samaya ke nizcaya meM nyAyAvatAra ne kAphI vivAda khar3A kiyA hai / ataeva nyAyAvatAra kA vizeSa rUpa se tulanAtmaka adhyayana karake nizcayapUrvaka yaha kahA jA sakatA hai, ki siddhasena ko dharmakIrti ke pahale kA vidvAn mAnane meM koI samartha bAdhaka pramANa nahIM hai / ratnakaraNDa ke viSaya meM to aba pro0 hIrAlAla ne yaha siddha kiyA hai, ki vaha samantabhadrakRta nahIM hai,194 phira usake AdhAra se yaha kahanA, ki siddhasena samanta bhadra ke bAda hae, yuktiyukta nahIM ho sakatA hai| ataeva paNDita sukhalAla jI ke dvArA nirNIta vikrama kI pAMcavI zatAbdI meM siddhasena kI sthiti nirbAdha pratIta hotI hai| siddhasena kI pratibhA : AcArya siddhasena ke jIvana aura lekhana ke sambandha meM 'sanmati tarka prakaraNam' ke samartha sampAdakoM ne paryApta mAtrA meM prakAza DAlA hai195 / jaina dArzanika sAhitya kI eka nayI dhArA pravAhita karane meM siddhasena sarva prathama haiM / itanA hI nahIM, kintu jaina sAhitya ke bhaMDAra meM saMskRta bhASA meM kAvyamaya tarka-pUrNa stuti-sAhitya ko prastuta karane meM bhI siddhasena sarvaprathama haiM / paNDita sukhalAlajI ne unako pratibhA-mUrti kahA hai, yaha atyukti nahIM / siddhasena kA prAkRta grantha sanmati dekhA jAe, yA unakI 192 samarAiccakahA, prastAvanA pR0 3 / 193 nyAyAvatAra prastAvanA pR0 18 / 194 anekAnta varSa0 8 kiraNa 1-3 / 19", 'sanmati prakaraNa' (gujarAtI) kI prastAvanA / usI kA aMgrejI-saMskaraNajaina zve. konpharansa dvArA prakAzita / 'pratibhAmUti humA hai, siddhasena' -bhAratIya vidyA tRtIya bhAga pR06| www.jainelibrary.org

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272 mAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana dvAtriMzikAe~ dekhI jAe~, pada-pada para siddhasena kI pratibhA kA pAThaka ko sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / jaina sAhitya kI jo nyUnatA thI, usI kI pUrti kI ora unakI pratibhA kA prayANa huA hai / carvitacarvaNa unhoMne nahIM kiyaa| TIkAe~ unhoMne nahIM likhIM, kintu samaya kI gati-vidhi ko dekha kara jaina Agamika sAhitya se Upara uTha kara tarka-saMgata anekAntavAda ke samarthana meM unhoMne apanA bala lgaayaa| phalasvarUpa 'sanmati-taka' jaisA zAsana-prabhAvaka grantha upalabdha huaa| sanmati tarka meM anekAnta-sthApanA : 'nAgArjuna, asaMga, vasubandhu aura dignAga ne bhAratIya dArzanika paramparA ko eka nayI gati pradAna kI hai| nAgArjana ne tatkAlIna bauddha aura bauddhatara sabhI dArzanikoM ke sAmane apane zUnyavAda ko upasthita karake vastu ko sApekSa siddha kiyaa| unakA kahanA thA, ki vastu na bhAva rUpa hai, na abhAva-rUpa, na bhAvAbhAva-rUpa, aura na anubhaya-rUpa / vastu ko kaisA bhI vizeSaNa dekara usakA rUpa batAyA nahIM jA sakatA, vastu niHsvabhAva hai, yahI nAgArjuna kA mantavya thA / asaGga aura vasubandhu ina donoM bhAiyoM ne vastu-mAtra ko vijJAna-rUpa siddha kiyA aura bAhya jar3a padArthoM kA apalApa kiyaa| vasubandhu ke ziSya dignAga ne bhI unakA samarthana kiyA aura samarthana karane ke lie bauddha dRSTi se navIna pramANa zAstra kI bhI nIMva rkhii| isI kAraNa se vaha bauddha nyAyazAstra kA pitA kahA jAtA hai| usane pramANa-zAstra ke bala para sabhI vastuoM kI kSaNikatA ke bauddha siddhAnta kA bhI samarthana kiyaa| bauddha vidvAnoM ke viruddha meM bhAratIya sabhI dArzanikoM ne apaneapane pakSa kI siddhi karane ke lie pUrA bala lgaayaa| naiyAyika vAtsyAyana ne nAgArjuna aura anya dArzanikoM kA khaNDana karake AtmA Adi prameyoM kI bhAvarUpatA aura sabhI kA pArthakya siddha kiyA / mImAMsaka zabara ne vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda kA nirAsa kiyA tathA vedApauruSeyatA siddha kii| vAtsyAyana aura zabara donoM ne bauddhoM ke 'sarva kSaNikam' siddhAnta kI AlocanA karake AtmA Adi padArthoM kI nityatA kI rakSA kii| sAMkhyoM ne

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nAgamottara jana-darzana 273 bhI apane pakSa kI rakSA ke lie prayatna kiyA / ina sabhI ko akele dignAga ne uttara de karake phira vijJAnavAda kA samarthana kiyA tathA bauddha-saMmata sarva vastuoM kI kSaNikatA kA siddhAnta sthira kiyA / IsA kI prathama zatAbdI se lekara pAMcavI zatAbdI taka kI isa dArzanikavAdoM kI pRSThabhUmi ko yadi dhyAna meM rakheM, to pratIta hogA, ki jaina dArzanika siddhasena kA AvirbhAva yaha eka Akasmika ghaTanA nahIM, kintu jaina sAhitya ke kSetra meM bhI dignAga ke jaise eka pratibhA sampanna vidvAn kI AvazyakatA ne hI pratibhA mUrti siddhasena ko utpanna kiyA hai / Agamagata anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda kA varNana pUrva meM ho cukA hai / usase patA calatA hai, ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kA mAnasa anekAntavAdI thA / AcAryoM ne bhI anekAntavAda ko kaise vikasita kiyA, yaha bhI maiMne batAyA hai / AcArya siddhasena ne jaba anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda ke prakAza meM uparyukta dArzanikoM ke vAda-vivAdoM ko dekhA, taba unakI pratibhA kI sphUrti huI aura unhoMne anekAntavAda kI sthApanA kA zreSTha avasara samajhakara sanmati - tarka nAmaka grantha likhA / ve prabala vAdI to the hI / isa bAta kI sAkSI unakI vAdadvAtriMzikAeM (7 aura 8) de rahI haiM / ataeva unhoMne jaina siddhAntoM ko tArkika bhUmikA para le jA karake eka vAdI kI kuzalatA se dArzanikoM ke bIca anekAntavAda kI sthApanA kI / siddhasena kI vizeSatA yaha hai, ki unhoMne tatkAlIna nAnA vAdoM ko sanmati tarka meM vibhinna nayavAdoM meM sanniviSTa kara diyA | advaitavAdoM ko unhoMne dravyArthika naya ke saMgrahanayarUpa prabheda meM samAviSTa kiyA / kSaNikavAdI bauddhoM kI dRSTi ko siddhasena ne paryAyanayAntargata RjusUtranayAnusArI batAyA / sAMkhya dRSTi kA samAveza dravyArthika naya meM kiyA aura kANAdadarzana ko ubhayanayAzrita siddha kiyA / unakA to yahA~ taka kahanA hai, ki saMsAra meM jitane vacana prakAra ho sakate haiM, jitane darzana evaM nAnA matavAda ho sakate haiM, utane hI nayavAda haiM / una saba kA samAgama hI anekAntavAda hai "jAvaiyA vayaNavahA tAvaiyA ceva honti jayavAyA / jAvaiyA NayavAyA tAvaiyA caiva parasamayA //

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274 - prAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana jaM kAvilaM darisaNaM evaM davyaTThiyassa vattavvaM / suddhoSaNataraNaassa u parisuddho pajjavaviappo // dohiM vi gayehi NIyaM satthamulUeNa tahavi micchtt| jaM savisaappahANataNeNa aNNoNNaniravekkhA / " -sanmati0 3.47-46 siddhasena ne kahA hai, ki sabhI nayavAda, sabhI darzana mithyA haiM, yadi ve eka dUsare ko paraspara apekSA na karate hoM aura apane mata ko hI sarvathA ThIka samajhate hoM / saMgrahanayAvalambI sAMkhya yA paryAyanayAvalambI bauddha apanI dRSTi se vastu ko nitya yA anitya kaheM, taba taka ve mithyA nahIM, kintu sAMkhya jaba yaha Agraha rakhe, ki vastu sarvathA nitya hI hai aura vaha kisI bhI prakAra anitya ho hI nahIM sakatI, yA bauddha yadi yaha kahe ki vastu sarvathA kSaNika hI hai, vaha kisI bhI prakAra se akSaNika ho hI nahIM sakatI, taba siddhasena kA kahanA hai, ki una donoM ne apanI maryAdA kA atikramaNa kiyA hai, ataeva ve donoM mithyAvAdI haiM (sanmati 1.28) / sAMkhya kI dRSTi saMgrahAvalambI hai, abhedagAmo hai / ataeva vaha vastu ko nitya kahe, yaha svAbhAvika hai, usakI vahI maryAdA hai, aura bauddha paryAyAnugAmI yA bhedadRSTi hone se vastu ko kSaNika yA anitya kahe, yaha bhI svAbhAvika hai, usakI vahI maryAdA hai| kintu vastu kA sampUrNa darzana na to kevala dravya-dRSTi meM paryavasita hai aura na paryAya dRSTi meM (sanmati 10.12, 13); ataeva sAMkhya yA bauddha ko paraspara mithyAvAdI kahane kA svAtantrya nhiiN| nAnAvAda yA darzana apanI-apanI dRSTi se vastU-tatva kA darzana karate haiM, isalie nayavAda kahe jAte haiN| kintu ve to paramata ke nirAkaraNa meM bhI tatpara haiM, isalie mithyA haiM (sanmati 1.28) / dravyAthika naya samyag hai, kintu tadavalambI sAMkhyadarzana mithyA hai, kyoMki usane usa naya kA Azraya lekara ekAnta nitya pakSa kA avalambana liyaa| isI prakAra paryAyanaya ke samyak hote hue bhI yadi bauddha usakA Azraya lekara ekAnta anitya pakSa ko hI mAnya rakhe, taba vaha mithyAvAda bana jAtA hai| isIlie siddhasena ne kahA hai, ki jaise vaiDUryamaNi jaba taka pRthak-pRthak hote haiM, vaiDUryamaNi hone ke kAraNa kImatI hote hue bhI

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zrAgamottara jaina-darzana . unako ratnAvalI hAra nahIM kahA jAtA, kintu ve hI kisI eka sUtra meM suvyavasthita ho jAte haiM, taba ratnAvalI hAra kI saMjJA ko prApta karate haiM / isI prakAra nayavAda bhI jaba taka apane-apane mata kA hI samarthana karate haiM aura dUsaroM ke nirAkaraNa meM hI tatpara rahate haiM, ve samyagdarzana nAma ke yogya nahIM / kintu anekAntavAda, jo ki una nayavAdoM ke samUha rUpa hai, samyagdarzana hai / kyoMki anekAntavAda meM sabhI nayavAdoM ko vastu-darzana meM apanA-apanA sthAna diyA gayA hai, ve sabhI nayavAda ekasUtrabaddha ho gae haiM, unakA pArasparika virodha lupta ho gayA hai ( sanmati 1.22 - 25 ), ataeva anekAntavAda vastu kA sampUrNa darzana hone se samyagdarzana hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM, ki siddhasena ne aneka yuktiyoM se anekAntavAda ko sthira karane kI ceSTA sanmati tarka meM kI hai / jaina nyAyazAstra kI AdhAra - zilA : jaise dignAga ne bauddhasaMgata vijJAnavAda aura ekAnta kSaNikatA ko siddha karane ke lie pUrva paramparA meM thor3A bahuta parivartana karake bauddha pramANazAstra ko vyavasthita rUpa diyA, usI prakAra siddhasena ne bhI nyAyAvatAra meM jaina nyAyazAstra kI nIMva nyAyAvatAra kI racanA karake rakhI 196 / jaise dignAga ne apanI pUrva paraMparA meM parivartana bhI kiyA hai, usI prakAra nyAyAvatAra meM bhI siddhasena ne pUrva paramparA kA sarvathA anukaraNa na karake apanI svatantra buddhi evaM pratibhA se kAma liyA hai / nyAyAvatAra kI tulanA karate hue maiMne nyAyAvatAra kI racanA kA AdhAra kyA hai ? usakA nirdeza, upalabdha sAmagrI ke AdhAra para, yatratatra kiyA hai| usase itanA to saSTa hai, ki siddhasena ne jaina dRSTikoNa ko apane sAmane rakhate hue bhI lakSaNa - praNayana meM dignAga ke granthoM kA paryApta mAtrA meM upayoga kiyA hai aura svayaM siddhasena ke lakSaNoM 275 196 vizeSa vivecana ke lie dekho, paNDita sukhalAlajI kRta nyAyAvatAra vivecana kI prastAvanA |

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276 mAgama-yuga kA jena-darzana kA upayoga anugAmI jainAcAryoM ne atyadhika mAtrA meM kiyA hai, yaha bhI spaSTa hai| Agama yuga ke jaina darzana ke pUrvokta pramANa tatva ke vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai, ki Agama meM mukhyataH cAra pramANoM kA varNana AyA hai| kintu AcArya umAsvAti ne pramANa ke do bheda-pratyakSa aura parokSa aise kie aura unhIM do meM pAMca jJAnoM ko vibhakta kara diyaa| AcArya siddhasena ne bhI pramANa to do hI rakhe--pratyakSa aura parokSa / kintu unake pramANa-nirUpaNa meM jaina paramparA-saMmata pAMca jJAnoM kI mukhyatA nhiiN| kintu lokasaMmata pramANoM kI mukhyatA hai / unhoMne pratyakSa kI vyAkhyA meM laukika aura lokottara donoM pratyakSoM ko samAveza kara diyA hai aura parokSa meM anumAna aura Agama kaa| isa prakAra siddhasena ne Agama meM mukhyata: vaNita cAra pramANoM kA nahIM, kintu sAMkhya aura prAcIna bauddhoM kA anukaraNa karake pratyakSa, anumAna aura Agama kA varNana kiyA hai / nyAyazAstra yA pramANazAstra meM dArzanikoM ne pramANa, pramAtA, prameya aura pramiti-ina cAra tatvoM ke nirUpaNa ko prAdhAnya diyA hai| AcArya siddhasena hI prathama jaina dArzanika haiM, jinhoMne nyAyAvatAra jaisI choTI-sI kRti meM jainadarzana-saMmata ina cAroM tatvoM kI vyAkhyA karane kA saphala vyavasthita prayatna kiyA hai| unhoMne pramANa kA lakSaNa kiyA hai, aura usake bheda-prabhedoM kA bhI lakSaNa kiyA hai| vizeSataH anumAna ke viSaya meM to usake hetvAdi sabhI aMga-pratyaMgoM kI saMkSepa meM mArmika carcA kI hai| - jaina nyAyazAstra kI carcA pramANanirUpaNa meM hI unhoMne samApta nahIM kI, kintu nayoM kA lakSaNa aura viSaya batAkara jaina nyAyazAstra kI vizeSatA kI ora bhI dArzanikoM kA dhyAna khIMcA hai| __isa choTI-sI kRti meM siddhasena svamatAnusAra nyAyazAstropayogI pramANAdi padArthoM kI vyAkhyA karake hI santuSTa nahIM hue, kintu paramata kA nirAkaraNa bhI saMkSepa meM karane kA unhoMne prayatna kiyA hai / lakSaNapraNayana meM dignAga jaise bauddhoM kA yatra-tatra anukaraNa karake bhI unhIM ke

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zrAgamottara jaMna-darzana 277 'sarvamAlambane bhrAntam' tathA pakSAprayoga ke siddhAntoM kA yuktipUrvaka khaNDana kiyA hai / bauddhoM ne jo hetu-lakSaNa kiyA thA, usake sthAna meM antarvyApti ke bauddha siddhAnta se hI phalita hone vAlA 'anyathAnupapattirUpa' hetulakSaNa apanAyA, jo Aja taka jainAcAryoM ke dvArA pramANabhUta mAnA jAtA hai / isa prakAra siddhasena ne anekAntavAda meM aura tarka evaM nyAyavAda aneka maulika dena dI haiM, jinakA yahA~ para saMkSepa meM hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai / ** purAtanairyA niyatA vyavasthitistathaiva sA kiM paricintya setsyati / tatheti vaktuM mRta rUr3hagauravAvahaM na jAtaH prathayantu vidviSaH | purAne puruSoM ne jo vyavasthA nizcita kI hai, vaha vicAra kI kasauTI para kyA vaisI hI siddha hotI hai ? yadi samIcIna siddha ho, to hama use samIcInatA ke nAma para mAna sakate haiM, prAcInatA ke nAma para nahIM / yadi vaha samIcIna siddha nahIM hotI, to kevala mare hue puruSoM ke jhUThe gaurava ke kAraNa 'hA~ meM hA~' milAne ke lie maiM utpanna nahIM huA hU~ / merI isa satya-priyatA ke kAraNa yadi virodhI bar3hate haiM, to bar3heM /

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278 mAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana bahuprakArAH sthitayaH parasparaM viroSayuktAH kathamAzu nizcayaH / vizeSasiddhAviyameva neti vA purAtana-premajaDasya yujyate // purAnI paramparAe~ aneka prakAra kI haiM, unameM paraspara virodha bhI hai / ataH binA samIkSA kie prAcInatA ke nAma para, yoM hI jhaTapaTa nirNaya nahIM diyA jA sktaa| kisI kArya vizeSa kI siddhi ke lie "yahI prAcIna vyavasthA ThIka hai, anya nahIM' yaha bAta kevala purAtanapremI jar3a hI kaha sakate haiN| jano'yamanyasya svayaM purAtanaH purAtanareva samo bhaviSyati / purAtaneSvityanavasthiteSu kaH purAtanoktAnyaparIkSya rocayet // Aja jise hama navIna kahakara ur3A denA cAhate haiM, vahI vyakti marane ke bAda nayI pIr3hI ke lie purAnA ho jAegA, jaba ki prAcInatA isa prakAra asthira hai, taba binA vicAra kie purAnI bAtoM ko kauna pasanda kara sakatA hai ? yadeva kiJcit viSamaprakalpitaM purAtanaruktamiti prazasyate / vinizcitApyaca manuSyavAkkRtirna paThyate yatsmRti-moha eva sH|| kitanI hI asambaddha aura asaMgata bAteM prAcInatA ke nAma para, prazaMsita ho rahI haiM, aura cala rahI haiM / parantu Aja ke manuSya kI pratyakSa siddha bodhagamya aura yuktipravaNa racanA bhI navInatA ke kAraNa duradurAI jA rahI hai| yaha to pratyakSa ke Upara atIta kI smRti kI vijaya hai / yaha mAtra smRti-mUr3hatA hai / -prAcArya siddhasena divAkara

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pariziSTa eka dArzanika sAhitya vikAsa krama

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dArzanika sAhitya kA vikAsa krama jaina darzana ke sAhityika vikAsa ko cAra yugoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai / 1. Agama - yuga - bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa se lekara karIba eka hajAra varSa kA arthAt vikrama pAMcavI zatAbdI taka kA / 2. anekAnta vyavasthA - yuga - vikrama pAMcavI zatAbdI se AThavIM - taka kA / 3. pramANa - vyavasthA - yuga - vikrama AThavIM se satrahavIM taka kA / 4. navIna nyAya - yuga - vikrama satrahavIM se Adhunika samaya- paryanta / Agama-yuga : bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA saMgraha, gaNadharoM ne aGgoM kI racanA ke rUpa meM prAkRta bhASA meM kiyA, ve Agama kahalAe / unhIM ke AdhAra se anya sthaviroM ne ziSyoM ke hitArtha aura bhI sAhitya viSaya vibhAga karake usI zailI meM grathita kiyA, vaha upAGga, prakIrNaka, cheda aura mUla ke nAma se prasiddha hai / isake alAvA anuyogadvAra aura nandI kI racanA kI gaI / AcAra, sUtrakRta, sthAna, samavAya, vyAkhyA - prajJapti, jJAtRdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, antakRddazA, anuttaraupapAtika dazA, praznavyAkaraNa dazA, evaM vipAkaye gyAraha aGga upalabdha haiM, aura bArahavA~ dRSTivAda vicchinna hai / aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya, jIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, sUryaprajJapti, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, candraprajJapti, kalpikA, kalpAvataMsikA, puSpikA, puSpacUlikA aura vRSNidazA ---ye bAraha upAGga haiM / Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana tathA

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282 bhAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana piNDaniyukti-ye cAra mUlasUtra haiM / nizItha, bRhatkalpa, vyavahAra, dazAzruta skandha, paJcakalpa aura mahAnizItha-ye chaha cheda sUtra haiN| catu:zaraNa, AturapratyAkhyAna, bhaktaparijJA, saMstAraka, tandulavaicArika, candravedhyaka, devendrastava, gaNividyA, mahApratyAkhyAna aura vIrastava-ye daza prakIrNaka haiM / AgamoM kA antima saMskaraNa vIranirvANa ke 680 varSa bAda (matAntara se 663 varSa ke bAda) valabhI meM devadhi ke samaya meM huaa| kAlakrama se AgamoM meM parivardhana huA hai, kintu isakA matalaba yaha nahIM hai, ki Agama sarvAMzataH devadhi kI hI racanA hai aura usakA samaya bhI vahI hai, jo devadhi kA hai / AgamoM meM AcArAGga aura sUtrakRtAGga ke prathama zrutaskandha avazya hI pATalIputra ke saMskaraNa kA phala hai| bhagavatI ke aneka praznottara aura prasaGgoM kI saMkalanA bhI usI saMskaraNa ke anukUla huI ho, to koI Azcarya nahIM / pATalIputra kA saMskaraNa bhagavAn ke nirvANa ke bAda karIba Der3ha sau varSa bAda huaa| vikrama pAMcavI zatAbdI meM valabhI meM jo saMskaraNa huA, vahI Aja hamAre sAmane hai, kintu usameM jo saMkalana huA, vaha prAcIna vastuoM kA hI huA hai| kevala nandIsUtra tatkAlIna racanA hai, aura kucha aisI ghaTanAoM kA jikra milAyA gayA hai, jo vIranirvANa ke bAda chaha sau se bhI adhika varSa bAda ghaTI ho / yadi aise kucha apavAdoM ko chor3a deM, to adhikAMza IsavI san ke pUrva kA hai, isameM sandeha nahIM / Agama meM tatkAlIna sabhI vidyAoM kA samAveza huA hai / darzana se sambaddha Agama ye haiM-sUtrakRtAGga, sthAnAGga, samavAyAGga, bhagavatI (vyAkhyA-prajJapti), prajJApanA, rAjapraznIya, jIvAbhigama, nandI aura anuyogdvaar| sUtrakRtAGga meM sRSTi kI utpatti ke viSaya meM matAntaroM kA niSedha kiyA hai / kisI Izvara yA brahma Adi ne isa vizva ko nahIM banAyA, isa bAta kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / AtmA zarIra se bhinna hai aura vaha eka svatantra dravya hai, isa bAta ko balapUrvaka pratipAdita karake bhUtavAdiyoM kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| advaitavAda kA niSedha karake nAnAtmavAda kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, vinayavAda aura ajJAnavAda

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dArzanika sAhitya kA vikAsa-krama 283 kA nirAkaraNa karake zuddha kriyAvAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai / sthAnAGga tathA samavAyAGga meM jJAna, pramANa, naya, nikSepa ina viSayoM kA saMkSepa meM saMgraha yatra-tatra huA hai| kintu nandIsUtra meM to jaina dRSTi se jJAna kA vistRta nirUpaNa huA hai / anuyogadvAra-sUtra meM zabdArtha karane kI prakriyA kA vistRta varNana hai, tathA pramANa, nikSepa aura naya kA nirUpaNa bhI prasaGga se usameM haA hai / prajJApanA meM AtmA ke bheda, una ke jJAna, jJAna ke sAdhana, jJAna ke viSaya aura una kI nAnA avasthAoM kA vistRta nirUpaNa hai| jIvAbhigama meM bhI jIva ke viSaya meM aneka jJAtavya bAtoM kA saMgraha hai| rAjapraznIya meM pradezI nAmaka nAstika rAjA ke prazna karane para pArzvasantAnIya zramaNa kezI ne jIva kA astitva siddha kiyA hai / bhagavatI meM jJAna-vijJAna kI aneka bAtoM kA saMgraha huA hai aura aneka anya tIthika matoM kA nirAsa bhI kiyA gayA hai| __Agama-yuga meM ina dArzanika viSayoM kA nirUpaNa rAjapraznIya ko chor3a deM, to yukti-prayukti-pUrvaka nahIM kiyA gayA hai, yaha spaSTa hai| pratyeka viSaya kA nirUpaNa, jaise koI draSTA dekhI huI bAta batA rahA ho, isa DhaGga se huA hai / kisI vyakti ne zaGkA kI ho aura usakI zaGkA kA samAdhAna yuktiyoM se huA ho, yaha prAyaH nahIM dekhA jAtA / vastu kA nirUpaNa usake lakSaNa dvArA nahIM, kintu bheda-prabheda ke pradarzana-pUrvaka kiyA gayA hai| AjJA-pradhAna yA zraddhA-pradhAna upadeza-zailI yaha Agama-yuga kI vizeSatA hai| ukta AgamoM ko digambara AmnAya nahIM mAnatA / bArahaveM aGga ke aMzabhUta pUrva ke AdhAra se AcAryoM dvArA grathita SaTkhaNDAgama, kaSAyayapAhuDa aura mahAbandha-ye digambaroM ke Agama haiN| inakA viSaya jIva aura karma tathA karma ke kAraNa jIva kI jo nAnA avasthAeM hotI haiM, yahI mukhya rUpa se haiM ! ukta AgamoM meM se kucha ke Upara bhadrabAhu ne niyuktiyA~ vikrama pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM kI haiM / niyukti ke Upara vikrama sAtavIM zatAbdI meM bhASya bane / ye donoM padya meM prAkRta bhASA meM prathita haiM / ina niyuktiyoM

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284 zrAgama-yuga kA jana-darzana aura unake bhASya ke AdhAra se prAkRta gadya meM cUrNi nAmaka TIkAoM kI racanA vikrama AThavIM zatAbdI meM huI / sarvaprathama saMskRta TIkA ke racayitA jinabhadra haiM / unake bAda koTTAcArya, aura phira haribhadra haiM / haribhadra kA samaya vikrama 757 - 827 muni zrI jinavijayajI ne nizcita kiyA hai - yaha ThIka pratIta hotA hai / niryukti se lekara saMskRta TIkAoM taka uttarottara tarkapradhAna zailI kA mukhyataH Azraya lekara Agamika bAtoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / haribhadra ke bAda zIlAGka, abhayadeva aura malayagiri Adi AcArya hue / inhoMne TIkAoM meM tatkAlIna dArzanika mantavyoM kA paryApta mAtrA meM UhApoha kiyA hai / digambara AmnAya ke AgamoM ke Upara bhI cUrNiyA~ likhI gaI haiM / vikrama dazavIM zatAbdI meM vIrasenAcArya ne bRhatkAya TIkAe~ likhI haiM / ye TIkAe~ bhI dArzanika carcA se paripUrNa haiM / 1 AgamoM meM saba viSayoM kA varNana viprakIrNa thA, yA ativistRta / ataeva sarva viSayoM kA silasile vAra sAra-saMgrAhaka saMkSipta sUtrAtmaka zailI se varNana karane vAlA tatvArtha sUtra nAmaka grantha vAcaka umAsvAti ne banAyA | jaina dharma aura darzana kI mAnyatAoM kA isa grantha meM itane acche DhaMga se varNana huA hai, ki jaba se vaha vikrama cauthI yA pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM banA taba se jaina vidvAnoM kA dhyAna vizeSataH isakI ora gayA hai | AcArya umAsvAti ne svayaM isa para bhASya likhA hI thA / kintu vaha paryApta na thA, kyoMki samaya kI gati ke sAtha-sAtha dArzanika carcAoM meM gambhIratA aura vistAra bar3hatA jAtA thA, jisakA samAveza karanA anivArya samajhA gayA / pariNAma yaha huA ki pUjyapAda ne chaThI zatAbdI meM tattvArtha sUtra para eka svataMtra TIkA likhI, jisameM unhoMne jaina pAribhASika zabdoM ke lakSaNa nizcita kie aura yatra-tatra dignAga Adi bauddha aura anya vidvAnoM kA alpa mAtrA meM khaNDana bhI kiyaa| vikrama sAtavIM AThavIM zatAbdI meM akalaMka, siddhasena aura unake bAda haribhadra ne apane samaya taka hone vAlI carcAoM kA samAveza bhI ApakI apanI TIkAoM meM kara diyA / kintu tattvArtha

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dArzanika sAhitya kA vikAsa-krama 285 . kI sarvazreSTha dArzanika TIkA zlokavArtika hai, jisake racayitA vidyAnanda haiN| AgamoM kI tathA tattvArtha kI TIkAe~ yadyapi Agama-yuga kI nahIM haiM, kintu unakA sIdhA sambandha mUla ke sAtha hone se yahA~ unakA saMkSipta paricaya karA diyA hai / anekAnta-vyavasthA-yuga: nAgArjuna, asaMga, vasubandhu aura dignAga ne bhAratIya dArzanika paramparA ko eka nayI gati pradAna kI hai / nAgArjuna ne tatkAlIna bauddha aura bauddhetara sabhI dArzanikoM ke sAmane apane zUnyavAda ko upasthita karake vastu ko sApekSa siddha kiyA / unakA kahanA thAM, ki vastu na bhAva-rUpa hai, na abhAva-rUpa, na ubhaya-rUpa aura na anubhaya-rUpa / vastu ko kisI bhI vizeSaNa dekhakara usakA rUpa batAyA nahIM jA sakatA, vastu avAcya hai| yahI nAgArjuna kA mantavya thA / asaGga aura vasuvandhu ina donoM bhAiyoM ne vastu mAtra ko vijJAnarUpa siddha kiyA aura bAhya jar3a padArthoM kA apalApa kiyA / vasubaMdhu ke ziSya dignAga ne bhI unakA samarthana kiyA aura samarthana karane ke lie bauddha dRSTi se navIna pramANazAstra kI bhI nIMva rkhii| isI kAraNa se vaha bauddha nyAyazAstra kA pitA kahA jAtA hai| usane yukti-pUrvaka sabhI vastuoM kI kSaNikatA vAle bauddha siddhAnta kA bhI samarthana kiyaa| bauddha vidvAnoM ke viruddha meM bhAratIya sabhI dArzanikoM ne apane apane pakSa kI siddhi karane ke lie pUrA bala lgaayaa| naiyAyika vAtsyAyana ne nAgArjuna aura anya bauddha dArzanikoM kA khaNDana karake AtmA Adi prameyoM kI bhAvarUpatA aura una sabhI kA pArthakya siddha kiyA / mImAMsaka zabara ne vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda kA nirAsa karake veda kI apauruSeyatA sthira kii| vAtsyAyana aura zabara donoM ne bauddhoM ke 'sarva kSaNikam' siddhAnta kI AlocanA karake AtmA Adi padArthoM kI nityatA kI rakSA kii| sAMkhyoM ne bhI apane pakSa kI rakSA ke lie prayatna kiyaa| ina sabhI ko akele dignAga ne uttara dekara ke fira

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286 zrAgama yuga kA jaina darzana vijJAnavAda kA samarthana kiyA tathA bauddha-saMmata sarva vastuoM kI kSaNikatA kA siddhAnta sthira kiyA / IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI taka saMgharSa kA lAbha jaina dArzanikoM ne apane ke uThAyA / calane vAle dArzanikoM ke isa anekAntavAda kI vyavasthA kara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM meM nayavAda arthAt vastu kI nAnA dRSTi-bindunoM se vicAraNA ko sthAna thA / dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ina cAra apekSAoM ke AdhAra se kisI bhI vastu kA vidhAna yA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai, yaha bhI bhagavAna kI zikSA thI / tathA nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva ina cAra nikSepoM ko lekara kisI bhI padArtha kA vicAra karanA bhI bhagavAna ne sikhAyA thA / ina bhagavadupadiSTa tatvoM ke prakAza meM jaba siddhasena ne uparyukta dArzanikoM ke vAda-vivAdoM ko dekhA, taba unhoMne anekAnta vyavasthA ke lie upayukta avasara samajha liyA aura apane sanmatitarka nAmaka graMtha meM tathA bhagavAn kI stuti pradhAna battIsiyoM meM anekAntavAda kA prabala samarthana kiyA / yaha kArya unhoMne vikrama pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM kiyA / siddhasena kI vizeSatA yaha hai, ki unhoMne tatkAlIna nAnAvAdoM ko nayavAdoM meM sanniviSTa kara diyA | advaitavAdiyoM kI dRSTi ko unhoMne jaina- sammata saMgraha naya kahA / kSaNikavAdI bauddhoM kA samAveza RjusUtranaya meM kiyA / sAMkhya-dRSTi kA samAveza dravyArthika naya meM kiyA / kaNAda ke darzana kA samAveza dravyAdhika aura paryAyArthika meM kara diyA / unakA to yaha kahanA hai, ki saMsAra meM jitane darzana-bheda ho sakate haiM, jitane bhI vacana-bheda ho sakate haiM, utane hI nayavAda haiM aura una sabhI ke samAgama se hI anekAntavAda phalita hotA hai / yaha nayavAda, yaha para darzana, tabhI taka mithyA haiM, jaba taka ve eka dUsare ko mithyA siddha karane kA prayatna karate haiM, ekadUsare ke dRSTibindu ko samajhane kA prayatna nahIM karate / ataeva mithyAbhiniveza ke kAraNa dArzanikoM ko apane pakSa kI kSatiyoM kA tathA dUsaroM ke pakSa kI khUbiyoM kA patA nahIM lagatA / eka taTastha vyakti hI Apasa meM lar3ane vAle ina vAdiyoM ke guNa-doSoM ko jAna sakatA hai / yadi syAdvAda yA anekAntavAda kA avalambana liyA jAe, to kahanA hogA, ki advaitavAda bhI eka dRSTi se ThIka hI hai / jaba manuSya $

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dArzanika sAhitya kA vikAsa krama 287 abheda kI ora dRSTi karatA hai, aura bheda kI ora upekSA-zIla ho jAtA hai, taba use abheda hI abheda najara AtA hai / jaina- dRSTi se unakA yaha darzana dravyArthika-naya kI apekSA se huA hai, yaha kahA jAegA / kintu dUsarA vyakti abhedagAmI dRSTi se kAma na lekara yadi bheda-gAmI dRSTi yAnI paryAyArthika naya ke bala se pravRtta hotA hai, to use sarvatra bheda hI bheda dikhAI degA | vastutaH padArtha meM bheda bhI hai aura abheda bhI hai / sAMkhyoM ne abheda hI ko mukhya mAnA aura bauddhoM ne bheda hI ko mukhya mAnA aura ve donoM paraspara ke khaNDana karane meM pravRtta hue / ataeva ve donoM mithyA haiM / kintu syAdvAdI kI dRSTi meM bheda darzana bhI ThIka hai aura abheda darzana bhii| do mithyA anta milakara hI syAdvAda hotA hai, phira bhI vaha samyag hai / usakA kAraNa yaha hai, ki syAdvAda meM una donoM viruddha matoM kA samanvaya hai, donoM viruddha matoM kA virodha lupta ho gayA hai / isI prakAra nitya - anityavAda, hetuvAda - ahetuvAda, bhAva abhAvavAda, satkAryavAdaasatkAryavAda Adi nAnA viruddhavAdoM kA samanvaya siddhasena ne kiyA hai / siddhasena ke isa kArya meM samantabhadra ne bhI apanI pratibhA kA pradarzana kiyA hai / unhoMne tatkAlIna virodhI ekAntavAdoM meM doSa batAkara syAdvAda mAnane para hI nirdoSatA ho sakatI hai, isa bAta ko spaSTa kiyA hai / unakI vizeSatA yaha hai, ki unhoMne virodhI vAdoM ke yugala ko lekara saptabhaMgiyoM kI yojanA kaise karanA -- isakA spaSTIkaraNa, bhAvaabhAva, nitya-anitya, bheda- abheda, hetuvAda - ahetuvAda, sAmAnya vizeSa Adi tatkAlIna nAnAvAdoM meM saptabhaMgI kI yojanA batA ke kara diyA hai / vastutaH samantabhadra-kRta Apta-mImAMsA anekAnta kI vyavasthA ke lie zreSTha graMtha siddha huA hai / Apta kise mAnA jAe ? isa prazna ke uttara meM hI unhoMne yaha siddha kiyA hai, ki syAdvAda hI nirdoSa hai / ataeva usa vAda ke upadezaka hI Apta ho sakate hai / dUsaroM ke vAdoM meM aneka doSoM kA darzana karA kara unhoMne siddha kiyA hai ki dUsare Apta nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki unakA darzana bAdhita hai / samantabhadra ke yuktyanuzAsana meM dUsaroM ke darzana meM doSa batAkara una doSoM kA abhAva jaina darzana meM siddha kiyA

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288 prAgama yuga kA jaina darzana hai, tathA jaina darzana ke guNoM kA sadbhAva anya darzana meM nahIM hai, isa bAta ko yukti-pUrvaka siddha karane kA saphala prayatna kiyA hai| ____sanmati ke TIkAkAra mallavAdI ne naya-cakra nAmaka eka svatantra grantha kI racanA, vikrama pAMcavI chaThI zatAbdI meM kI hai / anekAnta ko siddha karane vAlA yaha eka adbhuta grantha hai| granthakAra ne sabhI vAdoM ke eka cakra kI kalpanA kI hai| jisameM pUrva-pUrvavAda kA uttara-uttaravAda khaNDana karatA hai| pUrva-pUrva kI apekSA se utara-utaravAda prabala mAlUma hotA hai, kintu cakra-gata hone se pratyeka vAda pUrva meM avazya par3atA hai / ataeva pratyeka vAda kI prabalatA yA nirbalatA yaha sApekSa hai / koI nirbala hI ho, yA sabala hI ho, yaha ekAnta nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isa prakAra sabhI dArzanika apane guNa-doSoM kA yathArtha pratibimba dekha lete haiM / isa sthiti meM syAdvAda kI sthApanA anAyAsa svata: siddha ho jAtI hai| siMhagaNi ne sAtavIM ke pUrvArdha meM isake Upara 18000 zloka pramANa TIkA likhakara tatkAlIna sabhI vAdoM kI vistRta carcA kI hai| isa prakAra isa yuga ke mukhya kArya anekAnta kI vyavasthA karane meM choTe-moTe sabhI jainAcAryoM ne bharasaka prayatna kiyA hai aura usa vAda ko eka sthira bhUmikA para rakha diyA hai, ki Age ke AcAryoM ke lie kevala usa vAda ke Upara hone vAle naye-naye AkSepoM kA uttara denA hI zeSa raha gayA hai| pramANavyavasthA-yuga : bauddha pramANa-zAstra ke pitA dignAga kA jikra A cukA hai| unhoMne tatkAlIna nyAya, sAMkhya aura mImAMsA-darzana ke pramANa lakSaNoM aura bheda-prabhedoM kA khaNDana karake tathA vasubandhu kI prabhAga-viSayaka vicAraNA kA saMzodhana karake svatantra bauddha pramANa-zAstra kI vyavasthA ko / pramANa ke bheda, pratyeka ke lakSaNa, prameya aura phala Adi sabhI pramANasambaddha bAtoM kA vicAra karake bauddha dRSTi se spaSTatA kI aura anya dArzanikoM ke tattat pakSoM kA nirAsa kiyA / pariNAma yaha huA, ki dignAga ke virodha meM naiyAyika uddyotakara evaM mImAMsaka kumArila Adi

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dArzanika sAhitya kA vikAsa-krama 286 vidvAnoM ne apanI kalama calAI aura usa naye prakAza meM apanA darzana pariSkRta kiyA / ina sabhI ko tatkAlIna dArzanika kSetra meM sarvazreSTha vAdI dharmakIrti ne uttara dekara parAsta kiyA / dharmakoti ke bAda grathita koI bhI aisA dArzanika grantha nahIM hai, jisameM dharmakIrti kA jikra na ho / prAyaH sabhI pazcAdbhAvI dArzanikoM ne unake pakSa-virodhI tarkoM kA uttara dene kA prayatna kiyA hai aura svAnukUla tarkoM ko apanA liyA hai / tadanantara dharmakIrti kI ziSya-paramparA ne dharmakIti ke pakSakA samarthana kiyA aura anya dArzanikoM ne unake pakSa kA khaNDana kiyA / yaha vAda-prativAda jaba taka bauddha dArzanika bhArata chor3akara bAhara nahIM cale gae, varAbara hotA rahA / isa dIrghakAlIna saMgharSa meM jainoM ne bhI bhAga liyA hai aura apanA pramANa - zAstra vyavasthita kiyA / nyAyAvatAra nAmaka eka choTI-sI kRti siddhasena ne banAI thI / pAtrasvAmI ne dignAga ke hetu lakSaNa ke khaNDana meM trilakSaNa - kadarthena nAmaka grantha banAyA thA | aura bhI choTe-moTe grantha bane hoMge, kintu ve saba kAlakavalita ho gae haiM / jaina dRSTi se pramANa-zAstra kI pratiSThA pUrva - paramparA ke AdhAra se yadi kisI AcArya ne kI hai, to vaha akalaMka hI hai / akalaMka ne dharmakIrti aura unake ziSya dharmottara evaM prajJAkara kA khaNDana karake jaina dRSTi se pratyakSa aura parokSa ina do pramANoM kI sthApanA kI / indriya pratyakSa ko vyAvahArika pratyakSa kahA, tathA zravadhi, manaH paryapa aura kevala jJAna ko paramArthika pratyakSa kahA / yaha bAta unhoMne nayI nahIM ko, kintu jaina paramparA ke AdhAra se hI kahI hai| unhoMne ina pratyakSoM kA tarka dRSTi se samarthana kiyA, tathA pratyeka ke lakSaNa, viSaya aura phala kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA / parokSa ke bheda rUpa se unhoMne smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura zrAgama ko batAyA, aura pratyeka kA prAmANya samarthita kiyA / smRti kA prAmANya kisI dArzanika ne mAnA nahIM thA / ataeva saba dArzanikoM kI dalIloM kA uttara dekara usakA prAmANya prakalaMka ne upasthita kiyaa| pratyabhijJAna ko anya dArzanika pratyakSa rUpa mAnate the, yA pRthak svatantra jJAna hI na mAnate the, tathA bauddha to usake prAmANya ko bhI na mAnatA thA - ina sabhI kA nirAkaraNa karake unhoMne usakA pRthak prAmANya sthApita kiyA aura usI meM upamAna

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260 aAgama yuga kA jaina darzana kA samAveza kara diyaa| parokSa ke ina pA~ca bhedoM ko vyavasthA akalaMka ko hI sUjha hai / prAyaH sabhI jaina dArzanikoM ne akalaMkakRta isa vyavasthA ko mAnA hai| pramANa vyavasthA ke isa yuga meM jainAcAryoM ne pUrva yuga kI sampatti anekAntavAda kI rakSA aura usakA vistAra kiyaa| prAcArya haribhadra aura akalaMka ne bhI isa kArya ko vega diyaa| prAcArya haribhadra ne anekAnta ke Upara hone vAle prAkSepoM kA uttara anekAnta-jaya-patAkA likha kara diyaa| prAcArya akalaMka ne prApta-mImAMsA ke Upara aSTazatI nAmaka TIkA likhakara bauddha aura anya dArzanikoM ke prakSepoM kA tarka-saMgata uttara diyA aura usake bAda vidyAnanda ne aSTasahasrI nAmaka mahatI TIkA likhakara anekAnta ko ajeya siddha kara diyaa| haribhadra ne jaina darzana ke pakSa ko prabala banAne ke lie aura bhI aneka graMtha likhe, jinameM zAstra-vArtA-samuccaya mukhya hai / akalaMka ne pramANa-vyavasthA ke lie laghIyastraya, nyAyavinizcaya, evaM pramANa-saMgraha likhaa| aura siddhivinizcaya nAmaka grantha likhakara unhoMne jaina dArzanika mantavyoM ko vidvAnoM ke sAmane akATya pramANapUrvaka siddha kara diyaa| AcArya vidyAnanda ne apane samaya taka vikasita dArzanika vAdoM ko tattvArthazlokavAnika meM sthAna diyA, aura unakA samanvaya karake anekAntavAda kI carcA ko pallavita kiyA, tathA pramANa-zAstra-sambaddha viSayoM kI carcA bhI usameM kI / pramANa-parIkSA nAmaka apanI svatantra kRti meM dArzanikoM ke pramANoM kI parIkSA karake akalaMka-nirdiSTa pramANoM kA samarthana kiyaa| unhoMne Apta-parIkSA meM AptoM kI parIkSA karake tIrthaMkara ko hI Apta siddha kiyA aura anya buddha Adi ko anApta siddha kiyaa| prAcArya mANikyanandI ne akalaMka ke granthoM kA sAra lekara parIkSA-mukha nAmaka jaina nyAya kA eka sUtrAtmaka graMtha likhA / gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM abhayadeva aura prabhAcandra ye donoM mahAn tAkika TIkA kAra hue / eka ne siddhasena ke sanmati kI TIkA ke bahAne samUce dArzanika vAdoM kA saMgraha kiyA, aura dUsare ne parIkSA-mukha kI TokA prameyakamala-mArtaNDa aura laghIyastraya kI TIkA nyAyakumudacandra meM jaina pramANa-zAstra-sambaddha samasta viSayoM kI vyavasthita

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dArzanika sAhitya kA vikAsa krama 261 carcA kii| ina do mahAn TIkAkAroM ke bAda bArahavIM zatAbdI meM vAdideva sUri ne pramANa aura naya kI vistRta carcA karane vAlA syAdvAdaratnAkara likhA / yaha grantha pramANanayatatvAloka nAmaka sUtrAtmaka grantha kI svopajJa vistRta TIkA hai / isameM vAdideva ne prabhAcaMdra ke grantha meM jina anya dArzanikoM ke pUrvapakSoM kA saMgraha nahIM huA thA. unakA bhI saMgraha karake sabhI kA nirAsa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / vAdideva ke samakAlIna prAcArya hemacandra ne madhyama parimANa pramANa-mImAMsA likha kara eka prAdarza pAThya grantha kI kSati kI pUrti kI hai / isI prakAra Age bhI choTI-moTI dArzanika kRtiyA~ likhI gaIM, kintu unameM koI nayI bAta nahIM milatI / pUrvAcAryo kI kRtiyoM ke anuvAda rUpa hI ye kRtiyA~ banI haiN| inameM nyAya - dIpikA ullekha yogya hai / navyanyAya-yuga : bhAratIya dArzanika kSetra meM navyanyAya ke yuga kA prAraMbha gaMgeza se hotA hai / gaMgeza kA janma vikrama 1257 meM huA / unhoMne navIna nyAyaya - zailI kA vikAsa kiyaa| tabhI se samasta dArzanikoM ne usake prakAza meM apane-apane darzana kA pariSkAra kiyA / kintu jaina dArzanikoM meM se kisI kA, jaba taka yazo-vijaya nahIM hue, isa ora dhyAna nahIM gayA thA / phala yaha huA ki 13 vIM zatAbdI se 17 vIM zatAbdI ke aMta taka bhAratIya darzanoM kI vicAra-dhArA kA jo nayA vikAsa huA, usase jaina dArzanika sAhitya vaMcita hI rahA / 17 vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM vAcaka yazovijaya ne kAzI kI ora prayANa kiyA zraura sarvazAstra vaizAradya prApta kara unhoMne jaina darzana meM bhI navIna nyAya kI zailI se aneka grantha likhe aura anekAntavAda ke Upara die gae prAkSepoM kA samAdhAna karane kA prayatna kiyA / unhoMne zranekAntavyavasthA likhakara anekAntavAda kI punaH pratiSThA kI / aura praSTasahastrI tathA zAstravArtAsamuccaya nAmaka prAcIna granthoM ke Upara navIna zailI kI TIkA likhakara una donoM granthoM ko prAdhunika banAkara unakA uddhAra kiyA / jaina-tarkabhASA aura jJAnabindu likhakara jaina pramANazAstra ko pariSkRta kiyA / unhoMne nayavAda ke viSaya meM nayapradIpa, nayarahasya, nayopadeza zrAdi zraneka grantha likhe haiM / vAcaka yazovijaya ne jJAna-vijJAna kI pratyeka zAkhA meM kucha na kucha likhakara jaina sAhitya bhaNDAra ko samRddha kiyA hai| isa navyanyAya yuga kI saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI bhI ullekha yogya hai / **

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bauddhAnAmRju - sUtrato matamabhUd vedAntinAM saMgrahAt, sAMkhyAnAM tata eva naigamanayAd yogazca vaizeSikaH / zabda-brahma-vido'pi-zabda nayataH sarvai nayai gumphitA, jainI dRSTiritIha sArataratA pratyakSamuvIkSyate // -vAcaka yazovijaya

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pariziSTa do mallavAdI aura nayacakra

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AcArya mallavAdI aura unakA nayacakra AcArya akalaMka' aura vidyAnanda ke granthoM ke abhyAsa ke samaya nayacakra nAmaka grantha ke ullekha dekhe, kintu usakA darzana nahIM huaa| banArasa meM AcArya zrIhIrAcaMdrajI kI kRpA se nayacaRTIkA kI hastalikhita prati dekhane ko milii| kintu usameM mallavAdikRta nayacakra mUla nahIM milaa| patA calA ki yahI hAla sabhI pothiyoM kA hai| vijayalabdhisUri granthamAlA meM nayacakraTIkA ke AdhAra para nayacakra kA uddhAra karake use saTIka chApA gayA hai| gAyakavAr3a sirIja meM bhI nayacakraTIkA aMzataH chApI gaI hai| muni zrI puNyavijayajI kI preraNA se muni zrI jambUvijayajI nayacakra kA uddhAra karane ke lie varSoM se prayatnazIla haiM / unhoMne usI ke lie tibbatI bhASA bhI sIkhI aura nayacakra ko TIkA kI aneka pothiyoM ke AdhAra para TIkA ko zuddha karane kA tathA usake AdhAra para nayacakra mUla kA uddhAra karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| unake usa prayatna kA suphala vidvAnoM ko zIghra hI prApta hogA / kRpA karake unhoMne apane saMskaraNa ke mudrita pacAsa phorma pR0 400 dekhane ke lie mujhe bheje haiM, aura kucha hI roja pahale munirAja zrI puNyavijayajI ne sUcanA dI ki upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ke hastAkSara kI prati, jo ki unhoMne dImakoM se khAI haI nayacakraTIkA kI prati ke AdhAra para likhI thI, mila gaI hai / AzA hai muni zrI jambUvijayajI isa prati kA pUrA upayoga nayacakraTIkA ke amudrita aMza ke lie kareMge hI evaM apara mudrita aMza ko bhI usake AdhAra para ThIka kareMge hii| 1 nyAyavinizcaya kA0 477, pramANasaMgraha kA0 77 / 2 zlokavArtika 1. 33. 102 pR0 276 / .

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266 prAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana maiMne premI abhinandana grantha (1946) meM apane lekha meM mallavAdi naya cakra kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA hI hai, kintu usa grantha-racanA kA vailakSaNya mere mana meM taba se hI basA huA hai aura avasara kI pratIkSA meM rahA ki usake viSaya meM vizeSa paricaya likhU / daramiyAna muni zrI jambUvijayajI ne zrI 'prAtmAnaMda prakAza' meM nayacakra ke viSaya meM gUjarAtI meM kaI lekha likhe aura eka vizeSAMka bhI nayacakra ke viSaya meM nikAlA hai| yaha saba aura merI apanI noMdhoM ke AdhAra para yahA~ nayacakra ke viSaya meM kucha vistAra se likhanA hai / mallavAdI kA samaya : ____ AcArya mallavAdI ke samaya ke bAre meM eka gAthA ke alAvA anya koI sAmagrI milatI nhiiN| kintu nayacakra ke antara kA adhyayana usa sAmagrI kA kAma de sakatA hai| naya cakra kI uttarAvadhi to nizcita ho hI sakatI hai aura pUrvAvadhi bhI / eka ora dignAga hai jinakA ullekha nayacakra meM hai aura dUsarI ora kumArila aura dharmakIrti ke ullekhoM kA abhAva hai jo nayacakra mUla to kyA, kintu usakI siMhagaNikRta vRtti se bhI siddha hai / AcArya samantabhadra kA samaya sunizcita nahIM, ataeva unake ullekhoM kA donoM meM abhAva yahA~ vizeSa sAdhaka nahIM / AcArya siddhasena kA ullekha donoM meM hai| vaha bhI nayacakra ke samaya-nirdhAraNa meM upayogI AcArya dignAga kA samaya vidvAnoM ne I0 345-425 ke AsapAsa mAnA hai / arthAt vikrama saM0 402-482 hai| AcArya siMhagaNi jo nayacakra ke TIkAkAra haiM apohavAda ke samarthaka bauddha vidvAnoM ke lie adyatana bauddha' vizeSaNa kA prayoga karate haiN| usase sUcita hotA hai ki dignAga jaise bauddha vidvAn sirpha mallavAdI ke hI nahIM, kintu siMhagaNi ke bhI samakAlIna haiM / yahA~ dignAgottarakAlIna bauddha vidvAna to vivakSita ho hI nahIM sakate, kyoMki kisI dignAgottarakAlIna bauddha kA mata mUla yA TIkA meM nahIM hai / adyatanabauddha ke lie siMhagaNi ne 'vidvanmanya' aisA vizeSaNa bhI diyA hai| usase yaha sUcita bhI hotA hai ki 'Ajakala ke

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zrAcArya mallavAdI kA nayacakra 267 ye naye bauddha apane ko vidvAna to samajhate haiM, kintu haiM nahIM,' / samagra rUpa se "vidvanmanyAdyatanabauddha" " zabda se yaha artha bhI nikala sakatA hai ki mallavAdI aura dignAga kA samakAlInatva to hai hI, sAtha hI mallavAdI una naye bauddhoM ko siMhagaNi ke anusAra 'chokare' samajhate haiM / arthAt samakAlIna hote hue bhI mallavAdI vRddha haiM aura dignAga yuvA isa carcA ke prakAza meM paraMparAprApta gAthA kA vicAra karanA jarUrI hai / vijayasiMha sUriprabaMdha meM eka gAthA meM likhA hai ki vIra saM0 884 meM mallavAdI ne bauddhoM ko harAyA / arthAt vikrama 414 meM yaha ghaTanA ghaTI / isase itanA to anumAna ho sakatA hai ki vikrama 414 meM mallavAdI vidyamAna the / AcArya dignAga ke samakAlIna mallavAdI the yaha to hama pahale hI kaha cuke haiM / ata eva dignAga ke samaya vikrama 402-482 ke sAtha jaina paraMparA ke dvArA saMmata mallavAdI ke samaya kA koI virodha nahIM hai aura isa dRSTi se 'mallavAdI vRddha aura dignAga yuvA isa kalpanA meM bhI virodha kI saMbhAvanA nahIM / AcArya siddhasena kI uttarAvadhi vikrama pA~camI zatAbdI mAnI jAtI hai / mallavAdI ne AcArya siddhasena kA ullekha kiyA hai / ata eva ina donoM prAcAryoM ko bhI samakAlIna mAnA jAe, taba bhI visaMgati nahIM / isa prakAra AcArya dignAga, siddhasena aura mallavAdI ye tInoM AcArya samakAlIna mAne jAe~ to unake adyAvadhi sthApita samaya meM koI virodha nahIM AtA / vastutaH nayacakra ke ullekhoM ke prakAza meM ina AcAryoM ke samaya kI punarvicAraNA apekSita hai; kintu abhI itane se santoSa kiyA jAtA hai / nayacakra kA mahattva : jaina sAhitya kA prArambha vastutaH kaba se huA isakA sapramANa uttara denA kaThina hai / phira bhI itanA to aba nizcayapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ko bhI bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke upadeza kI 3. nayaca kraTIkA pR0 16 - " vidvanmanyAdyatana bauddhapariklRptam" 4. prabhAvaka caritra - munizrI kalyANavijayajI kA anuvAda pR0 37, 72 //

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268 prAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana paramparA prApta thii| svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra apane upadeza kI tulanA bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke upadeza se karate haiM / isase itanA to spaSTa ho hI jAtA hai ki unake samakSa pArzvanAtha kA zruta kisI na kisI rUpa meM thaa| vidvAnoM kI kalpanA hai ki dRSTivAda meM jo pUrvagata ke nAma se ullikhita zruta hai vahI pArzvanAtha paramparA kA zruta honA cAhie / pArzvanAthaparaMparA se prApta zruta ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vikasita kiyA / vaha Aja jainazruta yA jainAgama ke nAma se prasiddha hai| jisa prakAra vaidika paraMparA meM veda ke AdhAra para bAda meM nAnA darzanoM ke vikAsa hone para sUtrAtmaka dArzanika sAhitya kI sRSTi huI aura bauddha paraMparA meM abhidharma tathA mahAyAna-darzana kA vikAsa hokara vividha dArzanika prakaraNa granthoM kI racanA huI, usI prakAra jaina sAhitya meM bhI dArzanika prakaraNa granthoM kI sRSTi huI hai| vaidika, bauddha aura jaina ina tInoM paraMparA ke sAhitya kA vikAsa ghAta-pratyAghAta aura AdAna-pradAna ke AdhAra para huA hai / upaniSad yuga meM bhAratIya dArzanika cintana paraMparA kA prasphuTIkaraNa huA jAna par3atA hai aura usake bAda to dArzanika vyavasthA kA yuga prAraMbha ho jAtA hai| vaidika paraMparA meM pariNAmavAdI sAMkhyavicAradhArA ke vikasita aura virodhI rUpa meM nAnA prakAra ke vedAntadarzanoM kA AvirbhAva hotA hai, aura sAMkhyoM ke pariNAmavAda ke virodhI ke rUpa meM naiyAyika-vaizeSika darzanoM kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| bauddha darzanoM kA vikAsa bhI pariNAmavAda ke AdhAra para hI huA hai / anAtmavAdI hokara bhI punarjanma aura karmavAda se cipake rahane ke kAraNa bauddhoM meM santati ke rUpa meM pariNAmavAda A hI gayA hai; kintu kSaNikavAda ko usake tarkasiddha pariNAmoM para pahu~cAne ke lie bauddhadArzanikoM ne jo ciMtana kiyA usI meM se eka ora bauddha paraMparA kA vikAsa sautrAntikoM meM huA jo dravya kA sarvathA inakAra karate haiM; kintu deza aura kAla kI dRSTi se atyanta bhinna aise kSaNoM ko mAnate haiM aura dUsarI ora advaita paraMparA meM huA jo vedAnta darzanoM ke brahmAdvaita 5 bhagavatI za0 5. udde0 6. sU0 225.

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zrAcarya mallavAvI kA nayacakra 266 kI taraha vijJAnAdvaita aura zUnyAdvaita jaise vAdoM ko svIkAra karate haiM / jainadarzana bhI pariNAmavAdI paraMparA kA vikasita rUpa hai / jainadArzanikoM ne uparyukta ghAta - pratyAghAtoM kA taTastha hokara avalokana kiyA hai aura apane anekAntavAda kI hI puSTi meM usakA upayoga kiyA hai, yaha to kisI bhI dArzanika se chipA nahIM raha sakatA hai / kintu yahA~ dekhanA yaha hai ki upalabdha jainadArzanika sAhitya meM aisA kaunasA grantha hai jo sarvaprathama dArzanikoM ke ghAtapratyAghAtoM ko AtmasAt karake usakA upayoga anekAMta ke sthApana meM hI karatA hai / I prAcIna jaina dArzanika sAhitya sarjana kA zreya siddhasena aura samantabhadra ko diyA jAtA hai / ina donoM meM kauna pUrva hai kauna uttara hai isakA sarvamAnya nirNaya abhI huA nahIM hai / phira bhI prastuta meM ina donoM kI kRtiyoM ke viSaya meM itanA hI kahanA hai ki ve donoM apane-apane grantha meM anekAnta kA sthApana karate haiM avazya, kintu donoM kI paddhati yaha hai ki paraspara virodhI vAdoM meM doSa batAkara anekAnta kA sthApana ve donoM karate haiM / virodhI vAdoM ke pUrvapakSoM ko yA pUrvapakSIya vAdoM kI sthApanA ko utanA mahattva yA avakAza nahIM dete jitanA unake khaNDana ko / anekAntavAda ke lie jitanA mahattva usa usa vAda ke doSoM kA yA asaMgati kA hai utanA mahattva balki usase adhika mahattva usa-usa vAda ke guNoM kA yA saMgati kA bhI hai aura guNoM kA darzana usa usa vAda kI sthApanA ke binA nahIM hotA hai / isa dRSTi se ukta donoM AcAryoM ke grantha pUrNa haiM / ataeva prAcInakAla ke granthoM meM yadi apane samaya taka ke saba dArzanika mantavyoM kI sthApanAoM ke saMgraha kA zreya kisI ko hai to vaha nayacakra aura usakI TIkA ko hI mila sakatA hai / anya ko nahIM / bhAratIya samagra dArzanika granthoM meM bhI isa sarvasaMgraha aura sarvasamAlocana kI dRSTi se yadi koI prAcInatama grantha hI hai / isa dRSTi se isa grantha kA mahattva isalie bhI la-kavalita bahuta se grantha aura matoM kA saMgraha aura grantha meM prApta hai, jo anyatra durlabha hai / hai, kAla to vaha nayacakra bar3ha jAtA hai ki samAlocana isI

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300 bhAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana darzana aura naya: AcArya siddhasena ne nayoM ke viSaya meM spaSTa hI kahA hai ki pratyeka naya apane viSaya kI vicAraNA meM sacce hote haiM, kintu para nayoM kI vicAraNA meM mogha-asamartha hote haiM / jitane vacanamArga haiM utane hI nayavAda hote haiM aura jitane nayavAda haiM utane hI para darzana haiM / nayavAda ko alaga-alaga liyA jAya taba ve mithyA haiM; kyoMki ve apane pakSa ko hI ThIka samajhate haiM, dUsare pakSa kA to nirAsa karate haiM / kintu vastu kA pAkSika darzana to paripUrNa nahIM ho sakatA; ataeva usa pAkSika darzana ko svatantra rUpa se mithyA hI samajhanA cAhie, kintu sApekSa ho taba hI samyag samajhanA cAhie / anekAntavAda nirapekSavAdoM ko sApekSa banAtA hai, yahI usakA samyaktva hai / naya pRthak raha kara durnaya hote haiM, kintu anekAntavAda meM sthAna pAkara ve hI sunaya bana jAte haiM; ataeva sarva mithyAvAdoM kA samUha ho kara bhI anekAntavAda samyak hotA hai| AcArya siddhasena ne pRthak-pRthak vAdoM ko ratnoM kI upamA dI hai / pRthakpRthak vaidUrya Adi ratna kitane hI mUlyavAn kyoM na hoM ve na to hAra kI zobhA hI ko prApta kara sakate haiM aura na hAra kahalA sakate haiM / usa zobhA ko prApta karane ke lie eka sUtra meM una ratnoM ko ba~dhanA hogaa| anekAntavAda pRthak-pRthak vAdoM ko sUtrabaddha karatA hai aura unakI zobhA ko bar3hAtA hai / unake pArthakya ko yA pRthak nAmoM ko miTA detA hai aura jisa prakAra saba ratna milakara ratnAvalI isa naye nAma ko prApta karate haiM, vaise saba nayavAda apane-apane nAmoM ko kho kara anekAntavAda aise naye nAma ko prApta karate haiM / yahI una nayoM kA samyaktva hai|' 1 "NiyavayariNajjasaccA samvanayA paraviyAlaNe mohA"-sanmati. 1. 28. "jAvaiyA vayaravahA tAvaiyA ceva hoMti nyvaayaa| jAvaiyA gayavAyA tAvaiyA ceva parasamayA // " -sanmati 3. 47 8 sanmati. 1. 13 aura. 21. 1 'jeNa duve egaMtA vibhajjamANA praNeganto // ' sanmati 1. 14 / 1. 25 / 0 sanmati 1. 22-25 /

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AcArya mallavAdI kA nayacakra 301 isI bAta kA samarthana-AcArya jinabhadra ne bhI kiyA hai / unakA kahanA hai ki naya jaba taka pRthaka-pRthaka haiM, taba taka mithyAbhiniveza ke kAraNa vivAda karate haiM / yaha mithyAbhiniveza nayoM kA taba hI dUra hotA hai jaba una sabhI ko eka sAtha biThA diyA jaay| jaba taka akele gAnA ho taba taka Apa kaisA hI rAga alApeM yaha Apa kI marajI kI bAta hai; kintu samUha meM gAnA ho taba saba ke sAtha sAmaMjasya karanA hI par3atA hai| anekAntavAda vivAda karanevAle nayoM meM yA vibhinna darzanoM meM isI sAmaJjasya ko sthApita karatA hai, ataeva sarvanaya kA samUha ho kara bhI jainadarzana atyanta niravadya hai, nirdoSa hai| sarvadarzana-saMgrAhaka jainadarzana : yaha bAta huI sAmAnya siddhAnta ke sthApana kI, kintu isa prakAra sAmAnya siddhAnta sthira karake bhI apane samaya meM prasiddha sabhI nayavAdoM ko-sabhI darzanoM ko jainoM ke dvArA mAne gae prAcIna do nayoM meM-dravyAthika aura paryAyAthika meM ghaTAne kA kArya Avazyaka aura anivArya ho jAtA hai / AcArya siddhasena ne pradhAna darzanoM kA samanvaya kara usa prakriyA kA prArambha bhI kara diyA hai / aura kaha diyA hai ki sAMkhyadarzana dravyArthika naya ko pradhAna mAna kara, saugatadarzana paryAyAthika ko pradhAna mAna kara aura vaizeSika darzana ukta donoM nayoM ko viSayabheda se pradhAna mAna kara pravata hai12 / kintu pradhAna-apradhAna sabhI vAdoM ko nayavAda meM yathAsthAna biThA kara sarvadarzanasamUharUpa anekAntavAda hai, isakA pradarzana bAkI hI thaa| isa kArya ko nayacakra ke dvArA pUrNa kiyA gayA hai / ata eva anekAntavAda vastutaH sarvadarzana-saMgraharUpa hai isa tathya ko siddha karane kA zreya yadi kisI ko hai to vaha nayacakra ko hI hai, anya ko nahIM / maiMne anyatra siddha kiyA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane samaya ke dArzanika mantavyoM kA sAmaJjasya sthApita karake anekAntavAda kI sthA 11 "evaM vivayanti nayA micchAbhinivesano paropparo / iyamiha savvanayamayaM jiNamayamaNavajamaccantaM // " vizeSAvazyakabhASya gA. 72. / 12 sanmati 3. 48, 46 /

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302 bhAgama-yuga kA jana-darzana panA kI hai / kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bAda to bhAratIya darzana meM tAttvika mantavyoM kI bAr3ha sI A gaI hai / sAmAnyarUpa se kaha denA ki sabhI nayoM kA - mantavyoM kA - matavAdoM kA samUha anekAntavAda hai, yaha eka bAta hai aura una mantavyoM ko vizeSarUpa se vicArapUrvaka anekAntavAda meM yathAsthAna sthApita karanA yaha dUsarI bAta hai / prathama bAta to aneka AcAryoM ne kahI hai; kintu eka-eka mantavya kA vicAra karake use nayAntargata karane kI vyavasthA karanA yaha utanA sarala nahIM / nayacakrakAlIna bhAratIya dArzanika mantavyoM kI pRSThabhUmi kA vicAra karanA, samagra tattvajJAna ke vikAsa meM usa usa mantavya kA upayukta sthAna nizcita karanA, naye-naye mantavyoM ke utthAna kI anivAryatA ke kAraNoM kI khoja karanA, mantavyoM ke pArasparika virodha aura balAbala kA vicAra karanA - yaha saba kArya una mantavyoM ke samanvaya karanevAle ke lie anivArya ho jAte haiM / anyathA samanvaya kI koI bhUmikA hI nahIM bana sakatI / nayacakra meM prAcArya mallavAdI ne yaha saba anivArya kArya karake apane anupama dArzanika pANDitya kA to paricaya diyA hI hai aura sAtha meM bhAratIya tattvacintana ke itihAsa kI apUrva sAmagrI kA bhaMDAra bhI AgAmI pIr3hI ke lie chor3ane kA zreya bhI liyA hai / isa dRSTi se dekhA jAya to bhAratIya samagra dArzanika vAGmaya meM nayacakra kA sthAna mahatvapUrNa mAnanA hogA / nayacakra kI racanA kI kathA : bhAratIya sAhitya meM sUtrayuga ke bAda bhASya kA yuga hai| sUtroM kA yuga jaba samApta huA taba sUtroM ke bhASya likhe jAne lage pAtaJjalamahAbhASya, nyAyabhASya, zAbarabhASya, prazastapAdabhASya, abhidharma koSabhASya, yogasUtra kA vyAsabhASya, tattvArthAdhigamabhASya, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, zAMkarabhASya, Adi / prathama bhASyakAra kauna hai yaha nizcayapUrvaka kahanA kaThina hai / isa dIrghakAlIna bhASyayuga kI racanA nayacakra hai / 13 dekho prastuta pustaka kA prathama dvitIya khaNDa / -

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prAcArya mallavAdI kA nayacakra 303 paramparA ke anusAra nayacakra ke kartA prAcArya mallavAdI saurASTra ke valabhipura ke nivAsI the / unakI mAtA kA nAma durlabhadevI thaa| unakA gRhastha avasthA kA nAma 'malla' thA, kintu vAda meM kuzalatA prApta karane ke kAraNa mallavAdI rUpa se vikhyAta he| unake dIkSAguru kA nAma jinAnanda thA jo saMsAra pakSa meM unake mAtula hote the| bhRgukaccha meM guru kA parAbhava buddhAnanda nAmaka bauddha vidvAn ne kiyA thA; ataeva ve valabhI Agae / jaba 'mallavAdI' ko yaha patA lagA ki unake guru kA vAda meM parAjaya huA hai, taba unhoMne svayaM bhRgukaccha jA kara vAda kiyA aura buddhAnanda ko parAjita kiyA / isa kathA meM sambhavataH sabhI nAma kalpita haiN| vastuta: AcArya mallavAdI kA mUla nayacakra jisa prakAra kAlagrasta ho gayA usI prakAra unake jIvana kI sAmagrI bhI kAlagrasta ho gaI hai / buddhAnanda aura jinAnanda ye nAma samAna haiM aura sirpha ArAdhyadevatA ke anusAra kalpita kie gae hoM aisA saMbhava hai| mallavAdI kA pUrvAvasthA kA nAma 'malla' thAyaha bhI kalpanA hI lagatA hai / vastutaH ina AcArya kA nAma kucha aura hI hogA aura 'mallavAdI' yaha upanAma hI hogaa| jo ho, paramparA meM una AcArya ke viSaya meM jo eka gAthA calI AtI thI, usI gAthA ko lekara unake jIvana kI ghaTanAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA ho, aisA saMbhava hai / nayacakra kI racanA ke viSaya meM paurANika kathA dI gaI hai, usase bhI isa kalpanA kA samarthana hotA hai| paurANika kathA isa prakAra hai paMcama pUrva jJAnapravAda meM se nayacakra grantha kA uddhAra pUrvaSiyoM ne kiyA thA usake bAraha Are the / usa nayacakra ke par3hane para zrutadevatA kupita hotI thI, ata eva AcArya jinAnanda ne jaba kahIM bAhara jA rahe the, mallavAdI se kahA ki usa nayacakra ko par3hanA nhiiN| kyoMki niSedha kiyA gayA, mallavAdI kI jijJAsA tIvra ho gii| aura unhoMne usa pustaka ko khola kara par3hA to prathama 'vidhiniyamabhaMga' ityAdi gAthA pddh'ii| 14 kathA ke lie dekho, prabhAvaka-caritakA-mallavAdI prabaMdha /

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304 Agama-yuga kA jana-darzana usa para vicAra kara hI rahe the, utane meM zrutadevatA ne usa pustaka ko unase chIna liyA / AcArya mallavAdI duHkhita hue, kintu upAya thA nahIM / ata eva zrutadevatA kI ArAdhanA ke lie girikhaNDa parvata kI guphA meM gae aura tapasyA zurU kI / zrutadevatA ne unakI dhAraNAzakti kI parIkSA lene ke lie pUchA 'miSTa kyA hai / ' mallavAdI ne uttara diyA 'vAla' / punaH chaha mAsa ke bAda zrutadevI ne pUchA 'kisake sAtha ?' munine uttara diyA 'gur3a aura ghI ke sAtha / ' AcArya kI isa smaraNazakti se prasanna ho kara zrutadevatA ne vara mAMgane ko kahA / AcArya ne kahA ki nayacakra vApasa de deM / taba zrutadevI ne uttara diyA ki usa grantha ko prakaTa karane se dva eSI loga upadrava karate haiM, ata eva vara detI hU~ ki tuma vidhiniyamabhaMga ityAdi tumheM jJAta eka gAthA ke AdhAra para hI usake saMpUrNa artha kA jJAna kara sakoge / aisA kaha kara devI calI gaI / isake bAda AcArya ne nayacakra grantha kI dasa hajAra zlokapramANa racanA kI / nayacakra ke uccheda kI paramparA zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAtroM meM samAna rUpa se pracalita hai / AcArya mallavAdI kI kathA meM jisa prakAra nayacakra ke uccheda ko varNita kiyA gayA hai yaha to hamane nirdiSTa kara hI diyA hai / zrIyuta premIjI ne mAilla dhavala ke nayacakra kI eka gAthA" apane lekha meM uddhRta kI hai, usase patA calatA hai ki digambara paraMparA meM bhI nayacakra ke uccheda kI kathA hai / jisa prakAra zvetAmbara paraMparA meM mallavAdI ne nayacakra kA uddhAra kiyA yaha mAnyatA rUr3ha hai, usI prakAra muni devasena ne bhI nayacakra kA uddhAra kiyA hai aisI mAnyatA mAilla dhavala ke kathana se phalita hotI hai / isase yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha lupta nayacakra zvetAmbara digambara ko samAna rUpa se mAnya hogA / kathA kA vizleSaNa - nayacakra aura pUrva : vidyamAna nayacakraTIkA ke AdhAra para nayacakra kA jo 15 " vusamIraNeNa poyaM periyasaMtaM jahA ti ( ci) raM naTTha | sirivevaseNa muNiNA taya nayacakkaM puNo raiyaM" dekho jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pR. 165 /

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zrAcArya mallavAdI kA nayacakra 305 svarUpa phalita hotA hai vaha aisA hai ki prArambha meM 'vidhiniyama' ityAdi eka gAthAsUtra hai / aura usI gAthAsUtra ke bhASya ke rUpa meM nayacakra kA samagra gadyAMza hai / svayaM prAcArya mallavAdI ne apanI kRti ko pUrvamahodadhi meM uThane vAle nayata raMgoM ke bindurUpa kahA hai- pR. 6 / nayacakra ke isa svarUpa ko samakSa rakhakara ukta paurANika kathA kA nirmANa huA jAna par3atA hai / isa grantha kA 'pUrvagata' zruta ke sAtha jo sambandha jor3A gayA hai, vaha usake mahattva ko bar3hAne ke lie bhI ho sakatA hai aura vastusthiti kA dyotana bhI ho sakatA hai, kyoMki pUrvagata zruta meM nayoM kA vivaraNa vizeSa rUpa se thA ho / aura prastuta grantha meM puruSa - niyati Adi kAraNavAda kI jo carcA hai vaha kisI lupta paraMparA kA dyotana to avazya karatI hai; kyoMki una kAraNoM ke viSaya meM aisI vistRta aura vyavasthita prAcIna carcA anyatra kahIM nahIM milatI / zvetAzvatara upaniSad meM kAraNavAdoM kA saMgraha eka kArikA meM kiyA gayA hai; kintu una vAdoM kI yuktiyoM kA vistRta aura vyavasthita nirUpaNa anyatra jo durlabha hai, vaha isa nayacakra meM hI milatA hai / isa dRSTi se isameM pUrva paraMparA kA aMza surakSita ho to koI Azcarya nahIM aura isI lie isakA mahattva bhI atyadhika hai / pUrvagata zruta ke pUrvagata yaha aMza viSaya jJAna hai / AcArya mallavAdI ne apanI kRti kA sambandha sAtha jo jor3A hai vaha nirAdhAra bhI nahIM lagatA / dRSTivAdAntargata hai / jJAnapravAda nAmaka paMcama pUrva kA naya yaha zrutajJAna kA eka aMza mAnA jAtA hai / isa dRSTi se nayacakra kA AdhAra pUrvagata zruta ho sakatA hai / kintu pUrvagata ke alAvA dRSTivAda kA 'sUtra' bhI nayacakra kI racanA meM sahAyaka huA hogA / kyoMki 'sUtra' ke jo bAIsa bheda batAe gae haiM una meM RjusUtra evaMbhUta aura samabhirUr3ha kA ullekha hai / aura ina hI bAIsa sUtroM ko svasamaya, AjIvakamata aura trairAzikamata ke sAtha bhI jor3A gayA hai" / yaha sUcita 16 zvetAzvatara 1. 2. / 17 dekho, naMdIsUtragata dRSTivAda kA paricaya-sUtra 56 /

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306 bhAgama-yuga kA jana-varzana karatA hai ki dRSTivAda ke sUtrAMza ke sAtha bhI isakA saMbandha hai| saMbhava hai isa sUtrAMza kA viSaya jJAnapravAda meM anya prakAra se samAviSTa kara liyA gayA ho / isa viSaya meM nizcita kucha bhI kahanA kaThina hai / phira bhI dRSTivAda kI viSaya-sUcI dekha kara itanA hI nizcayapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki nayacakra kA jo dRSTivAda ke sAtha sambandha jor3A gayA hai, vaha nirAdhAra nhiiN| nayacakra kA uccheda kyoM ? __ nayacakra paThana-pAThana meM nahIM rahA yaha to pUrvokta kathA se sUcita hotA hai| aisA kyoM huA? yaha prazna vicAraNIya hai| nayacakra meM aisI kaunasI bAta hogI, jisake kAraNa usake par3hane para zrutadevatA kupita hotI thI ? yaha vicAraNIya hai| ___ isa prazna kA uttara dene ke lie hameM dRSTivAda ke uccheda ke kAraNoM kI khoja karanI hogii| jisakA yaha sthAna nahIM / yahA~ to itanA hI kahanA paryApta hai ki dRSTivAda meM aneka aise viSaya the jo kucha vyakti ke lie hitakara hone ke bajAya ahitakara ho sakate the| udAharaNa ke lie vidyAe yogya vyakti ke hAtha meM rahane se unakA durupayoga honA saMbhava nahIM, kintu ve hI yadi asthira vyakti ke hAtha meM hoM to durupayoga saMbhava hai / yaha sthUlabhadra kI kathA se sUcita hotA hI hai / unhoMne apanI vidyAsiddhi kA anAvazyaka pradarzana kara diyA aura ve apane saMpUrNa dRSTivAda ke pAThana ke adhikAra se vaMcita kara die ge| jainadarzana ko sarvanayamaya kahA gayA hai| yaha mAnyatA nirAdhAra nahIM / dRSTivAda ke nayavivaraNa meM saMbhava hai ki AjIvaka Adi matoM kI sAmagrI kA varNana ho aura una matoM kA nayadRSTi se samarthana bhI ho| una matoM ke aise mantavya jinako jainadarzana meM samAviSTa karanA ho, unakI yuktisiddhatA bhI darzita kI gaI ho| yaha saba kuzAgrabuddhi puruSa ke lie jJAna-sAmagrI kA kAraNa ho sakatA hai aura jar3abuddhi ke lie jainadarzana meM anAsthA kA bhI kAraNa ho sakatA hai / yadi nayacakra una matoM kA saMgrAhaka ho to jo Apatti dRSTivAda ke adhyayana meM hai vahI nayacakra ke bhI

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prAcArya mallavAdI kA nayacakra 307 adhyayana meM uTha sakatI hai| zrutadevatA kI Apattidarzaka kathA kA mUla isameM saMbhava hai / ataeva naye nayacakra kI racanA bhI Avazyaka ho jAtI hai, jisameM kucha parimArjana kiyA gayA ho / AcArya mallavAdI ne apane nayacakra meM aisA parimArjana karane kA prayatna kiyA ho yaha saMbhava hai / kintu usakI jo durgati huI aura pracAra meM se vaha bhI prAyaH lupta-sA ho gayA usakA kAraNa khojA jAe, to patA lagegA ki parimArjana kA prayatna hone para bhI jainadarzana kI sarvanayamayatA kA siddhAnta usake bhI uccheda meM kAraNa huA hai| nayacakra kI vizeSatA : nayacakra aura anya granthoM kI tulanA kI jAya to eka bAta atyanta spaSTa hotI hai ki jaba nayacakra ke bAda ke grantha nayoM ke arthAt jainetara darzanoM ke mata kA khaNDana hI karate haiM, taba nayacakra meM eka taTastha nyAyAdhIza kI taraha nayoM ke guNa aura doSa donoM kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| nayoM ke vivecana kI prakriyA kA bheda bhI nayacakra aura anya granthoM meM spaSTa hai / nayacakra meM vastutaH dUsare jainetara matoM ko hI naya ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA gayA hai aura una matoM ke uttara pakSa jo ki svayaM bhI eka jainetara pakSa hI hote haiM---unake dvArA bhI pUrvapakSa kA mAtra khaNDana hI nahIM; kintu pUrva pakSa meM jo guNa haiM unake svIkAra kI ora nirdeza bhI kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra uttarottara jainetara matoM ko hI naya mAna kara samagra grantha kI racanA haI hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki naya yaha koI svataH jainamantavya nahIM, kintu jainetara mantavya jo loka meM pracalita the unhIM ko naya mAna kara unakA saMgraha vividha nayoM ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai aura kisa prakAra jainadarzana sarvanayamaya hai yaha siddha kiyA gayA hai / athavA mithyAmatoM kA samUha hokara bhI jainamata kisa prakAra samyak hai aura mithyAmatoM ke samUha kA anekAntavAda meM kisa prakAra sAma 10 dekho laghIyastraya, tattvArthazlokavArtika, pramANanayatattvAloka prAdi /

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308 Agama-yuga kA jana-darzana jasya hotA hai, yaha dikhAnA nayacakra kA uddezya hai| kintu nayacakra ke bAda ke grantha meM nayavAda kI prakriyA badala jAtI hai / nizcita jainamantavya kI bhitti para hI anekAntavAda ke prAsAda kI racanA hotI hai / jainasaMmata vastu ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM apekSAbheda se kisa prakAra virodhI mantavya samanvita hote haiM yaha dikhAnA nayavivecana kA uddezya ho jAtA hai| usameM prAsaMgika rUpa se nayAbhAsa ke rUpa meM jainetara darzanoM kI carcA hai| donoM vivecanA kI prakriyA kA bheda yahI hai ki nayacakra meM paramata . hI nayoM ke rUpa meM rakhe gae haiM aura anya meM svamata hI nayoM ke rUpa meM rakhe gae haiN| svamata ko naya aura paramata ko nayAbhAsa kahA gayA hai| jaba ki nayacakra meM paramata hI naya aura nayAbhAsa kaise banate haiM yaha dikhAnA iSTa hai / prakriyA kA yaha bheda mahattvapUrNa hai / aura vaha mahAvIra aura nayacakrottara kAla ke bIca kI eka vizeSa vicAradhArA kI ora saMketa karatA hai| vastu ko aneka dRSTi se dekhanA eka bAta hai arthAt eka hI vyakti vibhinna dRSTi se eka hI vastu ko dekhatA hai-yaha eka bAta hai aura aneka vyaktiyoM ne jo aneka dRSTi se vastu-darzana kiyA hai, unakI una sabhI dRSTiyoM ko svIkAra karake apanA darzana puSTa karanA yaha dUsarI bAta hai / nayacakra kI vicAradhArA isa dUsarI bAta kA samarthana karatI hai / aura nayacakrottarakAlIna grantha prathama bAta kA samarthana karate haiM / dUsarI bAta meM yaha khatarA hai ki darzana dUsaroM kA hai, jainadarzana mAtra unako svIkAra kara letA hai / jaina dArzanika kI apanI sUjha. apanA nijI darzana kucha bhI nhiiN| vaha kevala dUsaroM kA anusaraNa karatA hai, svayaM darzana kA vidhAtA nahIM bntaa| yaha eka dArzanika kI kamajorI samajhI jAyagI ki usakA apanA koI darzana nhiiN| kintu prathama bAta meM aisA nahIM hotA / dArzanika kA apanA darzana hai| usakI apanI dRSTi hai| ataeva ukta khatare se bacane ke lie nayacakrottarakAlona granthoM ne prathama bAta ko hI prazraya diyA ho to Azcarya nahIM / aura jainadarzana kI sarvanayamayatAsarvamithyAdarzanasamUhatA kA siddhAnta gauNa ho gayA ho, to koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai / uttarakAla meM naya-vivecana hai, paramata-vivecana nahIM /

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prAcArya mallavAdI kA nayacakra 306 jaba jaina dArzanikoM ne yaha nayA mArga apanAyA taba prAcIna paddhati se likhe gae prakaraNa grantha gauNa ho jAe~, yaha svAbhAvika hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki nayacakra paThana-pAThana se vaMcita hokara kramazaH kAla - kavalita ho gayA--yaha kahA jAya to anucita nahIM hogA / nayacakra ke paThana-pAThana meM se lupta hone kA eka dUsarA kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki nayacakra kI yuktiyoM kA upayoga karake anya sArAtmaka sarala grantha bana gae, taba bhAva aura bhASA kI dRSTi se kliSTa aura vistRta nayacakra kI upekSA honA svAbhAvika hai / nayacakra kI upekSA kA yaha bhI kAraNa ho sakatA hai ki nayacakottarakAlIna kumArila aura dharmakIrti jaise pracaNDa dArzanikoM ke kAraNa bhAratIya darzanoM kA jo vikAsa huA usase nayacakra vaMcita thA / nayacakra kI ina dArzanikoM ke bAda koI TIkA bhI nahIM likhI gaI, jisase vaha naye vikAsa ko AtmasAt kara letA / nayacakra kA paricaya : nayacakottarakAlIna granthoM ne nayacakra kI paribhASAoM ko bhI chor3a diyA hai / siddhasena divAkara ne prasiddha sAta naya ko hI do mUla naya meM samAviSTa kiyA hai / kintu mallavAdI ne, kyoMki nayavicAra ko eka cakra kA rUpa diyA, ataeva cakra kI kalpanA ke anukUla nayoM kA vargIkaraNa kiyA hai jo anyatra dekhane ko nahIM milatA / AcArya malla - vAdI kI pratibhA kI pratIti bhI cakra racanA se hI vidvAnoM ko ho jAtI hai / cakra ke bAraha Are hote haiM / mallavAdI ne sAta naya ke sthAna meM bAraha nayoM kI kalpanA kI hai, ataeva nayacakra kA dUsarA nAma dvAdazAranayacakra bhI hai / ve ye haiM 1. vidhiH / 2. vidhi-vidhi ( vidhevidhiH ) / 3. vidhyubhayam (vidhevidhizca niyamazca ) | 4. vidhiniyama ( vidheniyamaH ) / 5. vidhiniyamau ( vidhizca niyamazca ) /

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310 mAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana 6. vidhiniyamavidhiH (vidhiniyamayovidhiH) / 7. ubhayobhayam (vidhiniyamayovidhiniyamau) / 8. ubhayaniyamaH (vidhiniyamayoniyamaH) / 6. niymH| 10. niyamavidhiH (niyamasya vidhiH) / 11. niyamobhayam (niyamasya vidhiniyamau) / 12. niyama-niyamaH (niyamasya niyamaH)" ! cakra ke Are eka tumba yA nAbhi meM saMlagna hote haiM usI prakAra ye sabhI naya syAdvAda yA anekAnta rUpa tumba yA nAbhi meM saMlagna haiN| yadi ye Are tumba meM pratiSThita na hoM to bikhara jAyeMge / usI prakAra ye sabhI naya yadi syAdvAda meM sthAna nahIM pAte to unakI pratiSThA nahIM hotI / arthAt abhiprAyabhedoM ko, nayabhedoM ko yA darzanabhedoM ko milAne vAlA syAdvAdatumba nayacakra meM mahattva kA sthAna pAtA hai| do AroM ke bIca cakra meM antara hotA hai| usake sthAna meM AcArya mallavAdI ne pUrva naya kA khaNDana bhAga rakhA hai| arthAt jaba taka pUrva naya meM kucha doSa na ho taba taka uttara naya kA utthAna hI nahIM ho sakatA hai| pUrva naya ke doSoM kA digdarzana karAnA yaha do nayarUpa AroM ke bIca kA antara hai / jisa prakAra antara ke bAda hI nayA ArA AtA hai usI prakAra pUrva naya ke doSadarzana ke bAda hI nayA naya apanA mata sthApita karatA hai| dUsarA naya prathama naya kA nirAsa karegA aura apanI sthApanA karegA, tIsarA dUsare kA nirAsa aura apanI sthApanA kregaa| isa prakAra kramazaH hote-hote gyArahaveM naya kA nirAsa kara ke apanI sthApanA bArahavA~ naya karatA hai / yaha nirAsa aura sthApanA yahIM samApta nahIM hotiiN| kyoMki nayoM ke cakra kI racanA AcArya ne kI hai ataeva bArahaveM naya ke bAda prathama naya kA sthAna AtA hai, ataeva vaha 19 nayacakra pR0 10 // 20 bhAtmAnaMda prakAza 45. 7. pR0 121 / " zrI prAtmAnaMda prakAza 45. 7. pR0 122 / www.jainelibrary org

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prAcArya mallavAdI kA nayacakra 311 bhI bArahaveM naya kI sthApanA ko khaNDita karake apanI sthApanA karatA hai| isa prakAra ye bArahoM naya pUrva-pUrva kI apekSA prabala aura uttara-uttara kI apekSA nirbala haiN| koI bhI aisA nahIM jisake pUrva meM koI na ho aura uttara meM bhI koI na ho| ataeva nayoM ke dvArA saMpUrNa satya kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM hotaa| isa tathya ko nayacakra kI racanA karake AcArya mallavAdI ne mArmika DhaMga se prasthApita kiyA hai| aura isa prakAra yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki syAdvAda hI akhaMDa satya ke sAkSAtkAra meM samartha hai, vibhinna matavAda yA naya nahIM / tumba ho, Are hoM kintu nemi na ho to vaha cakra gatizIla nahIM bana sakatA aura na cakra hI kahalA sakatA hai ata eva nemi bhI Avazyaka hai / isa dRSTi se nayacakra ke pUrNa hone meM bhI nemi Avazyaka hai / prastuta nayacakra meM tIna aMza meM vibhakta nemi kI kalpanA kI gaI hai / pratyeka aMza ko mArga kahA gayA hai| prathama cAra Are ko jor3anevAlA prathama mArga Are ke dvitIya catuSka ko jor3ane vAlA dvitIya mArga aura AroM ke tRtIya catuSka ko jor3anevAlA tRtIya mArga hai / mArga ke tIna . bheda karane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki prathama ke cAra vidhibhaMga haiM / dvitIya catuSka ubhayabhaMga hai aura tRtIya catuSka niyamabhaMga hai / ye tInoM mArga kramazaH nitya, nityAnitya aura anitya kI sthApanA karate haiM22 / nemi ko lohaveSTana se maMDita karane para vaha aura bhI majabUta banatI hai ataeva cakra ko veSTita karane vAle lohapaTTa ke sthAna meM siMhagaNi-viracita nayacakravAlavRtti hai| isa prakAra nayacakra apane yathArtha rUpa meM cakra hai / nayoM ke dravyArthika aura paryAyAthika aise do bheda prAcIna kAla se prasiddha haiM / naMgamAdi sAta nayoM kA samAveza bhI unhIM do nayoM meM hotA hai / mallavAdI ne dvAdazAranayacakra kI racanA ko to una bAraha nayoM kA saMbaMdha ukta do nayoM ke sAtha batalAnA Avazyaka thA / ata eva AcArya ne spaSTa kara diyA hai ki vidhi Adi prathama ke chaha naya dravyAthika naya ke antargata haiM aura zeSa chaha paryAyAthika naya ke antargata 22 zrI prAtmAnaMda prakAza 45. 7. pR0 123. /

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312 bhAgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana haiM23 / prAcArya ne prasiddha nagamAdi sAta nayoM ke sAtha bhI ina bAraha nayoM kA sambandha batalAyA hai / tadanusAra vidhi Adi kA sambandha isa prakAra hai / 1 vyavahAra naya, 2-4 saMgraha naya, 5-6 naigama naya 7 RjusUtra naya, 8-6 zabdanaya, 10 samabhirUr3ha, 11-12 evaMbhUta ny| nayacakra kI racanA kA sAmAnya paricaya kara lene ke bAda aba yaha dekheM ki unameM nayoM-darzanoM kA kisa krama se utthAna aura nirAsa hai| (1) sarva prathama dravyAthika ke bhedarUpa vyavahAra naya ke Azraya se ajJAnavAda kA utthAna hai / isa naya kA mantavya hai ki lokavyavahAra ko pramANa mAnakara apanA vyavahAra calAnA caahie| isameM zAstra kA kucha kAma nahIM / zAstroM ke jhagar3e meM par3ane se to kisI bAta kA nirNaya ho nahIM sakatA hai / aura to aura ye zAstrakAra pratyakSa pramANa kA bhI nirdoSa sakSaNa nahIM kara ske| vasubandhu ke pratyakSa lakSaNa meM diGnAga ne doSa dikhAyA hai aura svayaM diGnAga kA pratyakSa lakSaNa bhI aneka doSoM se dUSita hai / yahI hAla sAMkhyoM ke vArSagaNyakRta pratyakSa lakSaNa kA aura vaizeSika ke pratyakSa kA hai / pramANa ke AdhAra para ye dArzanika vastu ko ekAnta sAmAnya vizeSa aura ubhayarUpa mAnate haiM, kintu unakI mAnyatA meM virodha hai / satkAryavAda aura asatkAryavAda kA bhI ye dArzanika samarthana karate haiM kintu ye vAda bhI ThIka nahIM / kAraNa hone para bhI kArya hotA hI hai yaha bhI niyama nahIM / zabdoM ke artha jo vyavahAra meM pracalita hoM unheM mAna kara vyavahAra calAnA caahie| kisI zAstra ke AdhAra para zabdoM ke artha kA nirNaya ho nahIM sakatA hai / ata eva vyavahAra naya kA nirNaya hai ki vastusvarUpa usake yathArtharUpa meM kabhI jAnA nahIM jA sakatA hai-ata eva use jAnane kA prayatna bhI nahIM karanA caahie| isa prakAra vyavahAranaya ke eka bhedarUpa se prathama Are meM ajJAnavAda kA utthAna hai| isa ajJAnavAda kA yaha bhI artha hai ki pRthvI Adi sabhI vastue~ ajJAna 23 vahI 45. 7. pR0 123 / 24 vahI 45.7. pR0 124 / For Private-& Personal Use Only

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prAcArya mallavAdI kA nayacakra 313 pratibaddha haiM / jo ajJAna virodhI jJAna hai vaha bhI avabodharUpa hone se saMzayAdi ke samAna hI hai arthAt usakA bhI ajJAna se vaiziSTya siddha nahIM hai / isa mata ke puraskartA ke vacana ko uddhRta kiyA gayA hai ki " ko hya etad veda ? kiM vA etena jJAtena ?" yaha vacana prasiddha nAsadIya sUkta ke AdhAra para hai / jisameM kahA gayA hai - "ko addhA veda ka iha pravocan kuta AjAtA kuta iyaM visRSTi: / yo asyAdhyakSaH parame vyoman so aGga veda yadi vA na veda / / 6-7 / / " TIkAkAra siMhagaNi ne isI mata ke samarthana meM vAkyapadIya kI kArikA" uddhRta kI hai jisake anusAra bhartR - hari kA kahanA hai ki anumAna se kisI bhI vastu kA aMtima nirNaya ho nahIM sakatA / jainagranthoM meM darzanoM ko ajJAnavAda, kriyAvAda, prakriyAvAda aura vinayavAdoM meM jo vibhakta kiyA gayA hai usameM se yaha prathama vAda hai, yaha TIkAkAra ne spaSTa kiyA hai tathA Agama ke kauna se vAkya se yaha mata saMbaddha hai yaha dikhAne ke lie AcArya mallavAdI ne pramANarUpa se bhagavatI kA nimna vAkya uddhRta kiyA hai- " AtA bhaMte NANe aNNANe ? gotamA, NANe niyamA AtA, AtA puNa siyA NANe, siyA aNNANe" bhagavatI 12. 3. 467 / isa naya kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba vastutattva puruSa ke dvArA jAnA hI nahIM jA sakatA, taba apauruSeya zAstra kA Azraya tattvajJAna ke lie nahIM, kintu kriyA ke lie karanA cAhie / isa prakAra isa ajJAnavAda ko vaidika karmakANDI mImAMsaka mata ke rUpa meM phalita kiyA gayA hai| mImAMsaka sarvazAstra kA yA veda kA tAtparya kriyopadeza meM mAnatA hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki zAstra kA prayojana yaha batAne kA hai ki yadi Apa kI kAmanA amuka artha prApta karane kI hai to usakA sAdhanaM amuka kriyA hai / ataeka zAstra kriyA kA upadeza karatA hai / jisake anuSThAna se Apa kI phalecchA pUrNa ho sakatI hai / yaha mImAMsaka mata vidhivAda ke nAma se 25 ' yatnenAnumito'pyarthaH kuzalaM ranumAtRbhiH / zrabhiyuktataraMranyai ranyathaivopapAdyate // ' - vAkyapadIya 1.34.

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7 314 Agama-yuga kA jaima-darzana prasiddha bhI hai / ataeva AcArya ne dravyArthika naya ke hAra naya ke upabhedarUpa se vidhibhaMgarUpa prathama ara meM mata ko sthAna diyA hai / isa ara meM vijJAnavAda, anumAna kA nairarthakya bhika viSayoM kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai, kintu una sabake vAra likhane kA yaha sthAna nahIM hai / ( 2 ) dvitIya ara ke utthAna meM mImAMsaka ne ukta vidhivAda yA apauruSeya zAstra dvArA kriyopadeza ke samarthana meM ajJAnavAda kA jo Azraya liyA hai usameM truTi yaha dikhalAI gaI hai ki yadi lokatattva puruSoM ke dvArA ajJeya hI hai to ajJAnavAda ke dvArA sAmAnya vizeSAdi ekAntavAdoM kA jo khaNDana kiyA gayA vaha una tattvoM ko jAnakara yA binA jAne ? jAna kara kahane para svavacana virodha hai aura binA jAne to khaNDana ho kaise sakatA hai ? tattva ko jAnanA yaha yadi niSphala ho to zAstroM meM pratipAdita vastutattva kA pratiSedha ajJAnavAdI ne jo kiyA vaha bhI kyoM ? zAstra kriyA kA upadeza karatA hai yaha mAna liyA jAya taba bhI jo saMsevya viSaya hai usake svarUpa kA jJAna to Avazyaka hI hai; anyathA iSTArtha meM pravRtti hI kaise hogI ? jisa prakAra yadi vaidyako auSadhi ke rasa- vIrya vipAkAdi kA jJAna na ho, to vaha amuka roga meM amuka auSadhi kAryakara hogI yaha nahIM kaha sakatA vaise hI amuka yAma karane se svarga milegA yaha bhI binA jAne kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? ataeva kAryakAraNa ke atIndriya sambandha ko koI jAnane vAlA ho taba hI vaha svargAdi ke sAdhanoM kA upadeza kara sakatA hai, anyathA nahIM / isa dRSTi se dekhA jAya to sAMkhyAdi zAstra yA mImAMsaka zAstra meM koI bheda nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / lokatattva kA anveSaNa karane para hI sAMkhya yA mImAMsaka zAstra kI pravRtti ho sakatI hai, anyathA nahIM / sAMkhya zAstra kI pravRtti ke lie jisa prakAra lokatattva kA anveSaNa Avazyaka hai usI prakAra kriyA kA upadeza dene ke lie bhI lokatattva kA anveSaNa Avazyaka hai / ataeva mImAMsaka ke dvArA ajJAnavAda kA Azraya lekara kriyA kA upadeza karanA anucita hai / 'agnihotraM juhuyAt svarga eka bheda vyavamImAMsaka ke isa Adi kaI prAraM viSaya meM byore -

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prAcArya mallavAdI kA nayacakra 315 kAmaH' isa vaidika vidhivAkya ko kriyopadezakarUpa se mImAMsakoM ke dvArA mAnA jAtA hai / kintu ajJAnavAda ke Azraya karane para kisI bhI prakAra se yaha vAkya vidhivAkya rUpa se siddha nahIM ho sktaa| isakI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai aura usa prasaMga meM satkAryavAda ke ekAnta meM bhI doSa die gae haiM / isa prakAra pUrva ara meM pratipAdita ajJAnavAda aura kriyopadeza kA nirAkaraNa karake puruSAdvaita kI vastutattvarUpa se aura saba kAryoM ke kAraNa rUpa se sthApanA dvitIya ara meM kI gaI hai| isa puruSa ko hI AtmA, kAraNa, kArya aura sarvajJa siddha kiyA gayA hai| sAMkhyoM ke dvArA prakRti ko jo sarvAtmaka kahA gayA thA, usake sthAna meM puruSa ko hI sarvAtmaka siddha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra ekAnta puruSakAraNavAda kI jo sthApanA kI gaI hai usakA AdhAra 'puruSa evedaM sarvaM yad bhUtaM yacca bhavyaM' ityAdi zukla yajurveda ke mantra (31.2) ko batAyA gayA hai / aura anta meM kaha diyA gayA hai ki vaha puruSa hI tattva hai, kAla hai, prakRti hai, svabhAva hai, niyati hai / itanA hI nahIM, kintu devatA aura arhan bhI vahI hai| AcArya kA ajJAnavAda ke bAda puruSavAda rakhane kA tAtparya yaha jAna par3atA hai ki ajJAnavirodhI jJAna hai aura jJAna hI cetana AtmA hai, ataeva vahI puruSa hai. / ataeva yahA~ ajJAnavAda ke bAda puruSavAda rakhA gayA hai-aisI saMbhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai| isa prakAra dvitIya ara meM vidhividhinaya kA prathama vikalpa puruSavAda jaba sthApita huA taba vidhividhinaya kA dUsarA vikalpa puruSavAda ke viruddha khar3A huA aura vaha hai niyativAda / niyativAda ke utthAna ke lie Avazyaka hai ki puruSavAda ke ekAnta meM doSa dikhAyA jAya / doSa yaha hai ki puruSa jJa aura sarvatantra svatantra ho to vaha apanA aniSTa to kabhI kara hI nahIM sakatA hai, kintu dekhA jAtA hai ki manuSya cAhatA hai kucha, aura hotA hai kucha aura / ata eva sarva kAryoM kA kAraNa puruSa nahIM, kintu niyati hai, aisA mAnanA caahie| isI prakAra se uttarottara kramazaH khaNDana karake kAlavAda, svabhA hAmI yahA~

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316 Agama-yuga kA jana-darzana vavAda aura bhAvavAda kA utthAna vidhividhinaya ke vikalparUpa se AcArya ne dvitIya ara ke antargata kiyA hai| bhAvavAda kA tAtparya abhedavAda se-dravyavAda se hai| isa vAda kA utthAna bhagavatI ke nimna vAkya se mAnA gayA hai-"kiM bhayavaM! eke bhavaM, duve bhavaM, akkhae bhavaM, avvae bhavaM, avaTTie bhavaM, aNegabhUtabhavvabhavie bhavaM ! somilA, eke vi ahaM duve vi ahaM..." ityAdi bhagavatI 18. 10. 647 / (3) dvitIya ara meM advaita dRSTi se vibhinna carcA huI hai / advaita ko kisI ne puruSa kahA to kisI ne niyati Adi / kintu mUla tattva eka hI hai usake nAma meM yA svarUpa meM vivAda cAhe bhale hI ho, kintu vaha tattva advata hai, yaha sabhI vAdiyoM kA mantavya hai| isa advatatattva kA khAsa kara puruSAdvata ke nirAsa dvArA nirAkaraNa karake sAMkhya ne puruSa aura prakRti ke dvata ko tRtIya ara meM sthApita kiyA hai / kintu advatakAraNavAda meM jo doSa the vaise hI doSoM kA avataraNa ekarUpa prakRti yadi nAnA kAryoM kA saMpAdana karatI hai to usameM bhI kyoM na ho yaha prazna sAMkhyoM ke samakSa bhI upasthita hotA hai / aura puruSAtavAda kI taraha sAMkhyoM kA pradhAnakAraNavAda bhI khaNDita ho jAtA hai / isa prasaMga meM sAMkhyoM ke dvArA saMmata satkAryavAda meM asatkArya kI Apatti dI gaI hai aura sattva-rajas-tamas ke tathA sukha-duHkha-moha ke aikya kI bhI Apatti dI gaI hai| isa prakAra sAMkhyamata kA nirAsa karake prakRtivAda ke sthAna meM IzvaravAda sthApita kiyA hai| prakRti ke vikAra hote haiM yaha ThIka hai, kintu una vikAroM ko karane vAlA koI na ho to vikAroM kI ghaTanA bana nahIM sktii| ata eva sarva kAryoM meM kAraNa rUpa Izvara ko mAnanA Avazyaka hai| isa IzvaravAda kA samarthana zvetAzvaropaniSad kI 'eko vazI , niSkriyANAM bahUnAmekaM bIjaM bahudhA ya: karoti' ityAdi (6. 12) kArikA ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai / aura "duvihA paNNavaNA paNNattAjIvapaNNavaNA ajIvapaNNavaNA ca" (prajJApanA 1. 1) tathA "kimidaM

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prAcArya mallavAdI kA nayacakra 317 bhaMte ! loetti pavuccati ? goyamA ! jIvA ceva ajIvA ceva" (sthAnAMga) ityAdi Agama vAkyoM se sambandha jor3A gayA hai / (4) sarva prakAra ke kAryoM meM samartha Izvara kI AvazyakatA jaba sthApita huI taba AkSepa yaha huA ki AvazyakatA mAnya hai / kintu samagra saMsAra ke prANiyoM kA Izvara anya koI pRthagAtmA nahIM, kintu una prANiyoM ke karma hI Izvara haiM / karma ke kAraNa hI jIva pravRtti karatA hai aura tadanurUpa phala bhogatA hai / karma Izvara ke adhIna nhiiN| Izvara karma ke adhIna hai / ataeva sAmarthya karma kA hI mAnanA cAhie, Izvara kA nahIM / isa prakAra karmavAda ke dvArA IzvaravAda kA nirAkaraNa karake karma kA prAdhAnya cauthe ara meM sthApita kiyA gyaa| yaha vidhiniyama kA prathama vikalpa hai| dArzanikoM meM naiyAyika-vaizeSikoM kA IzvarakAraNavAda hai| usakA nirAsa anya sabhI karmavAdI darzana karate haiM / ataeva yahA~ IzvaravAda ke viruddha karmavAda kA utthAna AcArya ne sthApita kiyA hai| yaha karma bhI pUruSa-karma samajhanA cAhie / yaha spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai ki puruSa ke lie karma Adikara haiM arthAt karma se puruSa kI nAnA avasthA hotI haiM aura karma ke lie puruSa Adikara haiM / jo Adikara hai vahI kartA hai / yahA~ karma aura AtmA kA bheda nahIM samajhanA cAhie / AtmA hI karma hai aura karma hI AtmA hai / isa dRSTi se karma-kAraNatA kA ekAnta aura puruSa yA puruSakAra kA ekAnta ye donoM Thoka nahIM-AcArya ne yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai| kyoMki puruSa nahIM to karmapravRtti nahIM, aura karma nahIM to-puruSapravRtti nahIM / ataeva ina donoM kA kartRtva paraspara sApekSa hai / eka pariNAmaka hai to dUsarA pariNAmI hai, ataeva donoM meM aikya hai / isI dalIla se AcArya ne sarvaikya siddha kiyA hai / AtmA, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza Adi sabhI dravyoM kA aikya bhAvarUpa se siddha kiyA hai aura anta meM yuktibala se sarvasarvAtmakatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai aura usake samarthana meM-'je ekaNAme se bahunAme' (AcArAMga 1. 3. 4.) isa prAgamavAkya ko uddha ta kiyA hai / isa ara ke prAraMbha meM Izvara kA nirAsa

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318 prAMgama-yuga kA jaina-darzana kiyA gayA aura karma kI sthApanA kI gaI ! yaha karma hI bhAva hai, anya kucha nahIM-yaha aMtima niSkarSa hai| (5) cauthe ara meM vidhiniyama bhaMga meM karma arthAt bhAva arthAt kriyA ko jaba sthApita kiyA taba prazna honA svAbhAvika hai ki bhavana yA bhAva kisakA ? dravyazUnya kevala bhavana ho nahIM sktaa| kisI dravya kA bhavana yA bhAva hotA hai| ataeva dravya aura bhAva ina donoM ko artharUpa svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai; anyathA 'dravyaM bhavati' isa vAkya meM punarukti doSa hogaa| isa naya kA tAtparya yaha hai ki dravya aura kriyA kA tAdAtmya hai| kriyA binA dravya nahIM aura dravya binA kriyA nhiiN| isa mata ko naigamAntargata kiyA gayA hai / naigamanaya dravyAthika naya hai| (6) isa para meM dravya aura kriyA ke tAdAtmya kA nirAsa vaizeSika dRSTi ke Azraya se karake dravya aura kriyA ke bheda ko siddha kiyA gayA hai / itanA hI nahIM kintu guNa, sattAsAmAnya, samavAya Adi vaizeSika saMmata padArthoM kA nirUpaNa bhI bheda kA prAdhAnya mAna kara kiyA gayA hai| AcArya ne isa dRSTi ko bhI naigamAntargata karake dravyAthika naya hI mAnA hai| prathama ara se lekara isa cha8 ara taka dravyAthika nayoM kI vicAraNA hai / aba Age ke naya paryAyArthika dRSTi se haiM / (7) vaizeSika prakriyA kA khaNDana RjusUtra naya kA Azraya lekara kiyA gayA hai / usameM vaizeSika saMmata sattAsaMbaMdha aura samavAya kA vistAra se nirasana hai aura anta meM apohavAda kI sthApanA hai| yaha apohavAda bauddhoM kA hai| .. (8) apohavAda meM doSa dikhA kara vaiyAkaraNa bhartRhari kA zabdAdvaita sthApita kiyA gayA hai / jaina paribhASA ke anusAra yaha cAra nikSepoM meM nAmanikSepa hai / jisake anusAra vastu nAmamaya hai, tadatirikta usakA kucha bhI svarUpa nhiiN| ___ isa zabdAdvaita ke viruddha jJAna pakSa ko rakhA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki pravRtti aura nivRtti jJAna ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai| zabda to jJAna

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prAcArya mallavAdo kA nayacakra 316 kA sAdhana mAtra hai / ataeva zabda nahIM, kintu jJAna pradhAna hai| yahA~ bhartRhari aura unake guru vasurAta kA bhI khaNDana hai| jJAnavAda ke viruddha sthApanA nikSepa kA, niviSayaka jJAna hotA nahIM-isa yukti se utthAna hai / zAbda bodha jo hogA usakA viSaya kyA mAnA jAya ? jAti sAmAnya yA apoha ? prastuta meM sthApanA nikSepa ke dvArA apohavAda kA khaNDana karake jAti kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| (6) jAtivAda ke viruddha vizeSavAda aura vizeSavAda ke viruddha jAtivAda kA utthAna hai; ataeva vastu sAmAnyakAnta yA vizeSakAntarUpa hai aisA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vaha avaktavya hai / isake samarthana meM nimna Agama vAkya uddhRta kiyA hai-"imA NaM rayaNappamA pur3havI AtA no AtA ? goyamA ! appaNo AdiTTha AtA, parassa Adi8 no AtA tadubhayassa AdiTTha avattavvaM // " (10) isa avaktavyavAda ke vipakSa meM samabhirUDha naya kA Azraya lekara bauddha dRSTi se kahA gayA ki dravyotpatti guNarUpa hai anya kucha nahIM / milinda prazna kI paribhASA meM kahA jAya to svataMtra ratha kucha nahIM rathAMgoM kA hI astitva hai / rathAMga hI ratha hai arthAt dravya jaisI koI svataMtra vastu nahIM, guNa hI guNa haiM / isI vastu kA samarthana senA aura vana ke dRSTAntoM dvArA bhI kiyA gayA hai| isa samabhirUDha kI carcA meM kahA gayA hai ki eka-eka naya ke zatazata bheda hote haiM, tadanusAra samabhirUDha ke bhI sau bheda hue| unameM se yaha guNa samabhirUDha eka hai / guNasamabhirUDha ke vidhi Adi bAraha bheda haiM / unameM se yaha niyamavidhi nAmaka guNasamabhirUDha hai| isa naya kA nirgama Agama ke-"kaI vihe NaM bhante ! bhAvaparamANu pannate ? goyamA ! cauvihe paNNatte-vaNNavante, gaMdhavaMte, phAsavaMte rasavaMte" isa vAkya se hai| (11) samabhirUDha kA mantavya guNotpatti se thaa| taba usake viruddha evaMbhUta kA utthAna huA / usakA kahanA hai ki utpatti hI vinAza hai / kyoMki vastumAtra kSaNika haiM / yahA~ bauddhasaMmata nirhetuka vinAzavAda ke

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320 Agama-yuga kA jaina-darzana Azraya se sarvarUpAdi vastu kI kSaNikatA siddha kI gaI hai aura pradIpazikhA ke dRSTAnta se vastu kI kSaNikatA kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai / (12) evaMbhUta naya ne jaba yaha kahA ki jAti-utpatti hI vinAza hai taba usake viruddha kahA gayA hai ki "jAtireva hi bhAvAnAmanAze heturiSyate ''arthAt sthitivAda kA utthAna kSaNikavAda ke viruddha isa ara meM hai / ata eva kahA gayA hai ki-"sarvepyakSaNikA bhAvAH kSaNikAnAM kutaH kriyaa|' yahAM AcArya ne isa naya ke dvArA yaha pratipAdita karAyA hai ki pUrva naya ke vaktA ne RSiyoM ke vAkyoM ko dhAraNA ThIka nahIM kI ; ata eva jahA~ anAza kI bAta thI vahAM usane nAza samajhA aura akSaNika ko kSaNika samajhA / isa prakAra vinAza ke viruddha jaba sthitivAda hai aura sthitivAda viruddha jaba kSaNika vAda hai, taba utpatti aura sthiti na kaha kara zUnyavAda kA hI Azraya kyoM na liyA jAe, yaha AcArya nAgArjuna ke pakSa kA utthAna hai / isa zUnyavAda ke viruddha vijJAnavAdI bauddhoM ne apanA pakSa rakhA aura vijJAnavAda kI sthApanA kii| vijJAnavAda kA khaNDana phira zUnyavAda kI dalIloM se kiyA gayA / syAdvAda ke Azraya se vastu ko asti aura nAstirUpa siddha karake zUnyavAda ke viruddha puruSAdi vAdoM kI sthApanA karake usakA nirAsa kiyA gyaa| aura isa arake anta meM kahA gayA ki vAdoM kA yaha cakra calatA hI rahatA hai, kyoMki puruSAdi vAdoM kA bhI nirAsa pUrvIkta krama se hogA hii| /

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(a) aMga - 12, 14 - 17, 21 - 23, 21, Ti0, 26, 27, 36, 163, 281 - -dhara 22, - praviSTa 131, - bAhya 8, 10, 23-26, 131, 163, 164, aMguttaranikAya - 32, 46, Ti0, 75 Ti0 aMza -- 116 aMzI - 116 akartA - 250 akartRtva- 250 akalaGka -- 24, 135, 138, 147, 207, 260, 284, 286, 260, 265 akalaMka granthatraya--114 akAraka akartA -251 akuzala hetu - 256 akRtAgama -- 65. akRtAbhyAgama - 180 akriyAvAda - 32, 282, 313 akriyAvAdI -- 74, 75 akSaNika - 274 anukramaNikA akSaya - 86, 116 akSipra 223 aguru-laghu - 66 agni - 40, 41 agrAyaNIya - 22 acaramatA - 116 ajIva - 76, 141, 216, 226, dravya ke bheda prabheda 76 - kI ekatAanekatA 86 pariNAma 82 paryAya 76,76 ajJAna -- 104, 200, 21, 220, 256, 268, 313 - nigrahasthAna 185, --vAda 32, 101, 102, 104, 282 312, 315 aNDa - 41 atathAjJAna --- 181; - prazna 182 ati sUkSma --- 245 atisthUlasthUla - 245 atItakAla grahaNa - 142, 155 atyanta abhinna -- 65 atyantabheda -- 65. adda- ---170 addhA samaya - 76, 76, 216 advitIya - 41 advaita - 288, 316 - dRSTi 258, 316; - vAda 232, 260, 273, 282, 286 -- vAdI 127, 286; --- kAraNa vAda - 316 adharma - 252, 253 adharma - 120, 242, 317 - asti

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kAya 64, 76, 76, 87, 116, 216 adharmayukta-186, 164; 201 adhika--180 Ti0, 181;-doSavizeSa 180 adhigama-226 adhiSThAna- 44 adhyavasAya-138, 242, 226, 266 adhyAsa-256 adhra va-223 ananta-73, 74;-paryAya 80 anantara-siddha-57 anantarAgama-162 anAgata kAla grahaNa---142, 155 anAtma-45, 46, 68, 258-vAda 45, 46, 47-vAdI 74; pariNa mana 250 anAdi pariNAma-213 anApta-260 anitya-118, 274, 311 anityatA-72, 118 anindriya janya-132 anindriyanimitta-222 anizrita-223 aniSTApAdana-186 anugama-141, 226 anujJA-~15 anuttaropapAtika dazA-22, 31, 281, anupalabdhi-153, 156 anubhaya-65, 66, 67;--64, 65; -rUpa 272, 285 anumAna-138, 136, 141-145, 146; 216, 276, 286, 313, 314 ke tIna bheda, 148-svArthaparArtha 148;--nirAkRta 180;parIkSA 150;-prayoga 156;bheda 147-vAkya 157; kA anta rbhAva 220 anuyAyI dravya-124 anuyoga-17-16, 24, 32, 36, 147 146, 161, 182, 194, 198, 201, 206;-dvAra 25, 27, 30, 31,117 Ti0, 122,136,-141, 143, 147, 146, 150, 152, 154, 155, 156, 217-218, * 226, 281-283;-kA pRthakka raNa 16;-vAdapada 181-ghara 16 anuyogI 181;-prazna 182, anu loma-181;-prazna 182;saMbhASA 177 Ti0;-saMghAya saMbhASA 177 Ti0 anuzAsita 186, 162, 200 anusaMdhAna-158 aneka-118 anekatA-119 anekatvagAmI-118 anekAnta, 86, 87, 160,271;- vAda 4,36, 40,51-55, 58, 56, 61, 63,65,65, 75, 85-87 81-63, 115, 122, 206, 226, 234, 272, 273, 275, 277,286, 287, 291, 266302, 307-310;-vAditA 86;yuga 36; - sthApanayuga 35;-vyavasthAyuga-281

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anekAnta - jaya patAkA-260 anekAnta vyavasthA - 105 Ti0, anekAnta vyavasthA-yuga - 285 anta - 48, 58, antaH prajJaH - 66, 100, 247 prantakRddazA ---- 22; 281 antara- 310 antarAtmA - 248 antarvyApti - 277 andhatAmisra - 256 anya - 238 anyatIthika - 70, 171, 283 anyatva 237 anyathAnupapatti rUpa - 277 anyayogavyavacchedikA 5 Ti0 anvaya-77 apagata - 225 apagama-225 apadeza - 158, apanutta--225 apanoda - 225 aparAjita - 16 aparigrahavrata - 13 apariNamanazIlatA --- 250 apaviddha - 225 21 apavyAdha - 225 apasiddhAnta - 165 apAya - 186, 161, 200, 225; udAharaNa 186 apRthagbhUta - 238, 242 apekSA - 54, 92, 105, 112, 113, 115, 283; kAraNa 106, 107, 108, 112, 251; ---bheda 54, 58, 101; - vAda 54, 102, 115, apeta- 225 apoha - 225, 316;- - vAda 266, 318, 316 apauruSeya - 313, 314 apauruSeyatA - 3, 285 apramANa - 135, 216 aprAmANya- 6 abhayadeva - 28, 34, 138, 186, 11, 284, 20 . abhAva - 216, 241: - rUpa 272, 285 abhidhammatthasaMgraha - 217 Ti0 abhidharmakoSabhASya - 302 abhidharmasaMgiti zAstra - 145 abhiniveza - 256 abhinna -- 118, 237 abhUtaMbhUtasya -- 156 abhUtArtha -- 247, 267, 268 abheda - 118, 232, 287 - gAmI 118, 274 - dRSTi 256, 264; --vAda 234, 316; darzana 287 amUrta - 241, 243; - dravyoM kI eka zrAvagAhanA 217 amolakha RSi - 25 amoha - 257 ayuta siddha - 213, 238 ayoniso manasikAra -- 67 ariSTanemi - 50 arihaMta - 4 arUpI - 76, 76, 216, 243 artha - 162, 207, 208, 212, 233, 236,263,264;- paryAya 224;

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saMjJA 233; --- naya 227 - bheda avastu --- 127; - grAhaka 128, avasthA -- 48, 52, 72, 77, 116 230; rUpa 318 arthAtmaka grantha - arthAdhikAra - 141 arthApatti-- 216 arhat - 315 alasatva --- 56 alaukika - 146, 247 alpa - 223 alpavidhi - 223 avaktavya 46, 50, 64-17, 100, 102,113, 242, 316, sApekSa 67; -- vAda 316; - kA sthAna 86; - pakSa 101; - bhaMga 65, 101, 210; - zabda kA prayoga 66 avaktavyatA avagama--- . 225 avagAhanA - 80, 81 avagraha - 130 - 134,222, 225;-- arthAvagraha 131 - 134; -- avagraha Adi ke paryAya 225; - ke bheda 222; - lakSaNa aura paryAya 223 avagrahaNatA - 225 avadhAraNA - 225 avadhi jJAna - 126 - 131, 134,135, 141, 146, 218, 262, 286 avabodha - 225, 313 avabhAsa-138 - - 102 153, 156, 157; aura avayavI 232 avayava - 116, avayavI - 76, 152, 153 avayavena - 142, 152 avalambanatA -225 avasthAna - 225 avasthiti - 86, 116 avAcya - 66, 248, 185 avAya - 132, 225 aviccheda - 77, 118 avijJAta 200 avijJAtArtha - 184, sthAna 184 avijJAna - 185, 200 avidyA - 46, 48, 46, 83, 253-256 avinAbhAva - 238, 236 aviparyaya - 254 avirati - 255, 268 avizeSa - 206; - khaNDana 187, 200, 201, dUSaNAbhAsa 187, samAjAti 187, 168, 200, 201 avisaMvAda - 6, 164, 220 avIrya -- 57 avyapadezya -- 64 avyabhicArI -- 220 avyaya - 86, 116, avyAkRta-- 46, 50, 56-72, 67, 182; - prazna 67, 101 avyucchitti naya - 71, 77 avyucchiniyArthatA - 118 azAzvatatA- - 118 132, 134, 222, 200; - nigraha azAzvatAnucchedavAda - 47, 60, 72 azuddha -- 247 azubha - 253

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azailezI-57 azruta-168 azrutaniHsRta-130.134, 222 aSTazatI-260 aSTasahasrI-260, 261 asaMga--148, 278, 285 asaMskRta-246 asaMdigdha-223 asat--40-42, 67, 102; pakSa 101; -kAryavAda 240, 241, 287, 312,316 asatya-mRSA-~-66 asadbhAvaparyAya 106, 107, 106 asaddha tu-183 asAbhAtkArAtmaka-~-127 asiddhI-66 (Ti0) asti- 61,63;---aura nAsti kA ane__ kAnta 86, 60, 61 astikAya-64, 76, 226, 233 astitva-60 asmitA-256 ahiMsA-33 ahetu-163, 200 ahetuvAda-166 (A) AkAza-- 40. 41, 85, 120, 242, 31:;-- astikAya 64, 76, 86, 216 AkSepaNI-~-175, 176 AkhyAnaka-188 Agama-3, 6-6, 11, 16, 20, 23, 51, 52, 113, 128, 137, 138, 136, 141, 142, 145, 147, 165; 276, 281;~-artharUpa 162; 214, 216, 244, 266, 286, 313;-meM syAdvAda 63-ke do bheda 161;-kA prAmANya 11, 164;--carcA 161; --meM jJAna carcA 128;-yuga 35; -----virodhI 10;-kA racanAkAla 27;-kA viSaya 31;-kI TIkAe~ 32;-ke saMrakSaNa meM bAdhAe~ 11;-Agamottara jaina darzana 205;--- meM syAtzabda kA prayoga 62;- sUtrarUpa 162;-yuga 281 AcAra-22, 281 AcAra vastu--21 AcArAMga-21, 25-- 31; 68, 85, 142, 163; 4 Ti0, 21 Ti0, 282, 317;---aMgadhArI 23, AjIvaka-305, 306 AjJA-pradhAna-283 AturapratyAkhyAna-26, 282 Atma-tattva-44 Atmadravya-73, 83, 85, 236 Atma-nirUpaNa-246 AtmapariNamana-250 AtmapravAda pUrva-21 Atma-buddhi-257 AtmavAda-~~-43-45, 47, 46 AtmavAdI-68 Atmasiddhi--164 Atmastha-43 AtmA-10, 31-33, 41-44, 46 --50, 65, 67, 68, 70, 72,

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81, 84, 64, 66, 101, 105, AptamImAMsA-24, 187, 260 116, 127, 160, 162, 163, Aptopadeza-136 234, 238, 247, 246, 250, abhinibodha--130 251, 257, 261, 266, 272, Abhinibodhika-130, 131, 133, 282, 283-317, 285, 315, 134, 225, 168;-kI ekAnekatA 118 Ti0; AbhoganatA-225 --kI nityatA-anityatA 70;---- Ayatana-46 vyApakatA 73;-ke ATha bheda 85, Ayu-217;-apavartya aura anapavartya -meM astinAstitva 60;-- ke cAra 217 prakAra 248;-- sarvaMgatatva-vibhutva ArambhavAda - 140 246 ArAdhaka-53 AtmAMtakara--66 Aryadharma-17 AtmAnaMda prakAza-266, 310 Ti0, Arya maMgU-17 311 Ti. Arya rakSita--17, 18 AtmAgama-162 Aryasatya-68 AtmAvata-120, 256 Alocana -. 225 AtmArambha-88 AvartanatA-225 AtmAstitva-160 Avazyaka- 25, 27, 30, 131, 281; AtmopanIta-189, 196, 201 / - cUNi 6 Ti0, 14 Ti0;-- Adi kAraNa---40, 66, 100 . . niyukti 133; 5 Ti0 17 Ti0, AdipurANa-24 21 Ti0;--vyatirikta 131 Adeza-10, 11, 105, 107, 112. AviddhadIrghasUtra-200 114, 115, 117,122,123;- AzaMkA-158 pAda 115 AzrayeNa-142, 146, 150, 152, AdhArAdheya sambandha-237 Azrita-152 AdhyAtmikautkrAntikrama-~-51, Asrava-67; --- nirodha 68 AdhyAtmika dRSTi-165 AharaNa-186, 162, 200;---taddeza Ananda-47 186, 162, 200;-taddopa 186, AnugAmika-138 164, 201, 165 AnupUrvI-141 ApavAdikapratisevanA--172 mApta-7, 162, 266, 287, 260, indra-123 Apta-parIkSA-260 ___ indranIla maNi-263

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indriya- 46, 121, 143, 217, 222; -- gamya 120, 121; - janya jJAna 130-135, 263, 266,- jamati 126; 218; -- nirUpaNa 147, 217; -- pratyakSa 141, 286; -japratyakSa 135, 146, 218, 216; -- arthasannikarSa 216; -- mati jJAna ke 24 bheda 222 indriyAtIta - 120 (I) IzAvAsyopaniSad -- 57 Ti0 Izvara - 3, 32, 42, 56, 66, 60 Ti0; 282, 316, 317, - - kartRtva 251; -- kAraNavAda 317; -- vAda 316, 317 IhA - 130, 132, 134, 222, 225 (u) ucchedavAda - 45-46, 60, 66, 70, 71, 75, 76, 246 ujjayinI -184 utkAlika - 131 uttarapurANa - 24 uttarAdhyayana- 22, 23, 25, 20, 30, 31, 34, 126, 171, 210,211 214-216, 255 Ti0, 251 utpatti - 236, 241, 316; -- aura nAza kA avinAbhAva 236 utpannAstika -- 210 utpAda - 206; - vyaya 206, 235, 23-241; Adi zraya 236 ;vyaya- dhrauvya 238 ' udakapeDhAlaputta-- 171 udAharaNa - 157, 158, 162, 188, 186, udyotakara -- 200 upakrama -- 141, 226, 227, upadeza - 136 upadhAraNatA -225 upanaya - 158, 161 upaniSad - 40, 42-44, 47, 46, 51,60, 83. 64, 66, 67,101, 120, 166, 206, 208, 256, 305 upanyAsa - 167, 201 upanyAsopanaya - 186 upapatti - 188 upamAna - 143 - 145, 154, 188, 216, 286 - parIkSA 161; upayoga - 85, 86, 116, 221, 266 upalabdhi - 156, 266 upasaMhAra - 158 ; - vizuddhi 158 upAMga- 25, 26, 28, 29, 36, 281 upAdAna -- 44, 46 46, 251 upAdeya -- 262 upAdhye - 2 upAya - 186 -- 111, 200- - tattva 226 upAya hRdaya -- 137, 145 148 150, 153, 154, 184, 185, 160, 163, 194, 166, 167, 200, upAlambha - 186, 193, 200 upAsakadazA - 22, 31170, 281, ubhaya - 65-66 - pakSa 94 101;

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bhaMga 64, 311, vAda 65;-prazna ekAdazAMgadhArI-23 66, 100;-rUpa 285 ekAdazendriyavAda - 217 umAsvAti-~24, 100, 131, 133, ekAneka-61 144, 204, 208, 210, 213, ekAnta dRSTi-103 214 Ti0, 217, 220, 224, ekAntapakSa-102 258, 226, 231, 232, 276, ekAmtavAda- 40, 54, 55, 287, 314 284;-kI dena 204 evaMbhUta-227, 305, 312,316,320 (ai) Urdhva-206 aitareyopaniSad-42 UrdhvatA-58, 77; paryAya 78; sAmAnya aitihya-137, 136 77,80, 81 (o) kahA-225 ogha--120 (R) oghaniyukti-27, Ti0, 163 Ti0; Rgveda-11, 36, 40, Ti0, 64, 66, TIkA 8 (Ti0) 100, 102, 208 oghAdeza vidhAnAdeza-120 Rjumati- 131 (au) RjusUtra- 286, 305, 312, 318 autpattikI--132-134 RjumUtranayAnusArI- 273 aupaniSada-67, 72, 73, 206, 247, RSabha-4, 51 232 RSibhASita-17 aupapAtika-25, 26, 68, 281 aupamya-136, 141, 142;-carcA 156 eka-118, 120 ekatA-116 (ka) ekatva-77; aura anekatva 87;- kaMsAcArya-23 gAmI 118 kaNAda-286 ekarUpatA-240 kathA 175;-ke tIna bheda 175;ekAMzavAda-54 paddhati 170-sAhitya 170 ekAMzavAdI-53, 54 kathApaddhatinu svarUpa ane tenA sAhityanu ekAMzavyAkaraNIya-182 digdarzana 170 ekAMzI-54 kadAgraha-114 (e)

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karaNa-116, 256 kAraNa-40, 48, 46, 54, 124, karaNavIrya-57 150, 152, 180, 240, 312, karaNAnuyoga-24 315;-se kArya kA anumAna kartA--250, 251, 256, 146;-hetu 151-vAda 305 kartRtva-250, 251, 266; akatRtva- kAraNA bhAvAt kAryAbhAvaH-156 viveka 250 kAraNena-142, 151 karma-66, 153, 171, 207, 233, kArya-48, 46, 124, 150, 152, 251,270 283, 317, 318- 240, 312,315;-kAraNa 152; katRtva 76, 251;-kA kartA 75, kAraNa bhAva 151, se kAraNAtattva 36,vicAra 51-zAstra 51, numAna 146, 150;-hetu 151 -sAhitya 22;-sukRta-duSkRta kAryeNa-142, 151 18-zAstra 256;-zAstrIya kAla-43, 62, 73, 115, 116, paraMparA 255;---kAraNAsA 317 117, 141; 213, 214, 245, vAda 317 286,315;-kI dRSTi 74;-kRta karmajA-132, 134, 77;-paramANu 88;-bheda 81; karmapravAda pUrva 21, 22 155;-kA lakSaNa 214;--vAda karmAzaya-254 315 kalpa-22 kAlaka-17, 26 kalpa-vyavahAra--23, 26 kAlika-131;-zruta 17, 18 kalpasUtra-172, 172 Ti. kAzI-261 kalpAkalpika-23 kiJcidvaidharmya-142, 1,60 kalpAvataMsikA-25 kiJcitsAdhopanIta-156 kalpikA- 281 kiJcitsAdhopanIta- 142, 156, kalyANavijayajI--16, 15 Ti0, 267 160 Ti. kuMDakolika-170 kaSAya-85 kundakunda-24,101,204, 206, 231 kaSAyaprAbhUta-20, 21 235, 237, 236, 241, 242, kaSAyapAhuDa-23, 283 244, 246, 248, 252, 257, kaSAya-255 258, 260, 261, 264, 265, kaSAyAtmA-85, 86 267, 266-kI dena 231 kANAda--273 kumArila-266, 288, 306 kAya-parimANa-246 kUTasthatA-250

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kUTastha - puruSa -- 246 kRta praNAza-- 365 kRtayugmAdi - 120 kRtavipraNAzAdi -- 180 kRtikarma - 23 - kRSNa - 50 kevala - 52, 126, 130, 131, 134, 135, 141, 146, 218, 220, 254, 286 ; - - darzana 221;jJAna ke sAtha anya jJAna 221 ; jJAnI 261, 256 kevalAdvaita -44 kevalI - 5, 6, 23; -- kavalAhAra 231 Ti0 kezI - 32, 128, 170, 283 kailAzacaMdra jI - 35 kaivalya - 254 koTTAcArya - 284 koSTha- 225 kriyA - 270, 313, 314, 318 kriyAvAda - 32, 282, 313 kriyAvAdI -- 66, 75 krodha - 256 kleza - 254, 256 ( (kSa) kSaNika - 274, va da 286, 268, 320 kSaNikatA - 272, 273, 275, 285, 320, kSaNika vAdI - 273 kSatriya - 17 kSAyopazamika - 131 kSipra-223 10 ) kSetra - 63, 73, 115 - 117, 141, 245, 286 - paramANu 88 (kha) khaMdaya -62 (ga) gaMgeza ---- 291 gaNa -- 173 gaNadhara -- 5, 7-8 10, 11,21, 26 26, 163, 281 gaNitAnuyoga - 17 gaNipiTaka - 3 gaNividyA - 26, 282 pati aura Agati-- 51, 66 gaveSaNA - 225 girikhaNDa - 304 guNa- 116, 141, 143, 153, 207, 211, 213 -- 215, 226, 233238, 241, 243, 244, 256, 256, 266, 318, 316, -- kA lakSaNa 211 ; - paryAya 236 - paryAya aura dravya - 213, 236; -- pramANa A 226 guNadhara- -22 guNadRSTi - 116, 116 guNabhadra --- 24 guNasundara -- 17 guNasthAna - 51, 257, 266 guNena - 142, 151 guru - 66 guru-laghu -66 gomaTTasAra - 23 Ti0 govardhana - 16

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gozAlaka - 170 gauDapAda - 146, 153-155 gautama - 16,23,55, 57, 63, 64, 66, 78,60,105, 121, 136, 171, 182 grahaNa-225 (ca) cakravartI - 220 Ti0 catuHzaraNa --- 26, 27 Ti0, 282 catuH satya -35 caturdazapUrva -- 15, dhara 10,164 caturdazapUrvI -- 8, 10, 163 caturdhAtu - 246 caturmukha- -248 caturviMzatistava --- 23 caturdazapUrvaghara - 5 Ti0 catuSkoTivinirmukta 8 ( 11 ) 6 catuSpAda AtmA - 100 catuSpradezika skaMdha - 108 candra prajJapti - 24, 25, 26, 281 candravedhyaka--- 26, 282 caraka - 137, 138, Ti 138, 144, 147, 148, 150 155, 166, 177 Ti0, 17, 180 181,185, 187, 188, 18, 199-115, 118, 196; - saMhitA 145, 136, 161, 162,164,200 caraNakaraNAnuyoga- 17 caraNAnuyoga - -24 naramatA--- 116 caritAnuyoga 186 cAturyAma-45 cAritra - 85, 141,231 ain Education International cAritra moha --- 256 cArvAka - 33,47,60,67,121,163, 164,246 ciMtA - 225 citrajJAna -- 53 citrapaTa - 53 'citra-vicitra pakSayukta puMskokila kA svapna -- 52 cUrNi 32,33,34,186, 165, 204, 284 cUlikA -- 26,30 cUlikAsUtra - 27,30 cetana=41,42,71 caitanya - 127 cauthA karmagrantha - 213Ti0, 214Ti0 chala 176,186, 193, chala-jAti 182 (cha) chAndogya - 43 chAndogyopaniSad - 120 Ti0 cheda - 25, 26, 281, 282, chedasUtra - 17,27,26 (ja) karttA 42 - kartRtva jagat - 56; 250 jagadutpatti-- 32 jar3a - 42, 84 jar3atA - 127 janma - 46 ; - vaMza 12 jamAlI - 63, 72, 171 jambU - 16 jambUdvIpa prajJapti - 25, 26, 31.281 jambU vijayajI - 265, 266

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( 12 ) jayaMtI-55, 56 tA 72;-ke kRSNavarNa paryAya 66; jayadhavalA-24,8 Ti0, 23 Ti0, 123 -ke daza pariNAma 66;-pariNAma Ti0, 163 Ti0 jaya-parAjaya 171 82,-paryAya 76, 78, 76;jayapAla--~23 vyakti 73; -- zarIra kA bhedAbheda jayasena-17 64;-zAzvata aura azAzvata 72, jarA-maraNa-46 siddhi 163;-astikAya 64;jala-40, 41 jalpa 176, 177, zuddha aura azuddha 247, sthAna 257 181 jIvAjIvAtmaka-213 jIvAbhigama-25, 213, Ti0, 281, jasapAla-23 282, 283 jAganA acchA-56 jAtaka-33 jekobI-270 jAti-46, 163, 316;-vAda 316 jana-6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 45, 50, jAtyuttara-157, 176, 183 5.3, 54, 156, 163,165,186 jijJAsA-158, 225 206, 232, 251, 256, 257 jina-4, 7 276, 284, 286, 286, 267, jinadAsa mahattara-33 232, 306, 318, 313;jinabhadra-26, 33, 100, 134, AcAra 31, 172;-AcArya 127 135; 123 Ti0, 2, 1, 284, -tArkika 131;-darzana 55, 301 206, 207, 206, 252, 260, jinavijaya--284 276, 281, 266, 306, 308; jinasena-24 -darzana zAstra 35;- darzana kA jinAgama-6, 6, 163 vikAsa-krama 35;-dharma 3, 5, jinAnanda-303 166;-dRSTi 128, 250, 287 jItakalpa -- 27, 26 ;-pakSa 165;-zramaNa 13, 171 jIva-51, 52, 57, 56, 60 ,68, / ;-zramaNasaMgha 14;-zruta 12-14, 71, 66,76, 77, 116, 117, 268;-saMgha 6, 12;--sUtra 13; 116, 141, 170, 171, 186, -nyAya 275, 260 188, 162, 168, 215, 216, janaAgama-5----7, 10-13, 31, 226, 242, 267, 266, 273; 33, 61, 66, 68, 117, 136, ----aura majIva kI ekAnekatA 86; 144, 165, 166, 170, 166, - aura zarIra 61;-kI nityA- 200, 205, 210, 213, 231, nityatA 67;-kI sAntatA-ananta- 231 Ti0, 243, 252, 255,

Page #359
(Ta) 268;-meM pramANacarcA 217, 218, bheda 230;-- pakSa 317, vAda 136;-meM vAda 166;-paraMparA 316 211 jJAna-pravAda-22, 126, 303, 305, jaina Atma-vAda-232 / / 306 - jaina tattva-vicAra --- 52;-kI prAcInatA jJAna prazna-182 50;-kI svataMtratA 51, jJAna bindu-221 Ti0, 261 . jaina tarka-bhASA-261 jJAnAtmaka-143 jaina saMskRti-saMzodhana-maMDala-35 Ti0 jJAnAvaraNIya-256 jaina-sAhitya aura itihAsa-304 Ti0 jJAnI-263 jJAnendriyavAda--217 (jJa) zeya-6, 263;-svabhAva 263 jJapti-137, 145;-tAtparya 263 jvAlAprasAda-150 jainetara mata -307 jJAta 188, 186, jJAtA-256 TabbA-35 jJAtAdharma-25 TIkA-26, 145, jJAtRdharmakathA--22, 31, 281 TUcI-160 jJAtRtva-258 (ta) jJAna --32, 33, 85, 86,127, 126 taMdulavaicArika-26, 282 130, 131, 134, 136, 141, tajjAtadoSa--176; vizeSa 180 143, 217, 218, 220, 231, tattva-102, 207, 208, 233, 238, 248, 252, 256,261, 247; 267, 315; bubhutsu kayA 263, 264, 276, 283, 313, 176; jJAna 253, 254, 313 316;-pramANakAsamanvaya 136, tatvAbhyAsa 257;-tatvArtha 233 --carcA 130, 134, 136;- tatvArtha- (sUtra), 133,206, 208, carcA kA pramANacarcA se svAtantrya 222, 225, 227, 230, 231, 135;--carcA kI jainadRSTi 127, 233, Ti0, 242, 243, 244, 258;---pariNAma 85;-pramANa 255, 264, 266, Ti0, 284, 143;-AdiguNa 81;--aura darza- -bhASya 216; 221; 7 Ti0, 8, nakA yogapadya 264;-guNa 238, 206, Ti0, 302 256;---sva-para-prakAzaka 220, tattvArthazlokavAtika-260, 307 Ti0, 260;-sahabhAva aura vyApAra 220 tattvArthamUtra jainAgamasamanvaya--207 221, 265;-svabhAva 263;- tattvArthAdhigama-24

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tatpratiSedha-...-158 grilakSaNa-kadarthana-286 tathAgata-47, 50, 58, 60, 67, trivarNAcAra---24 66, 70, 67, 18, kAlika--- 83 tathA jJAna-181 pairAzika--- 165, 305 tadanyavastuka-186 (da) tadanyavastRpanyAsa- 197, 201 dakSatva-56 tadvastuka-186 darzana-85, 86, 141, 226, tadvastUpanyAsa---- 167, 201 231, 260, 261, 264;-- tantrAntarIyoM-226 prabhAvaka zAstra 173 ;-- prabhAvanA tamas-256;-guNa; rUpa 254 173;---aura naya 300; bheda 286 tarka-225, 286 darzanaprAbhUta-233 Ti0 tarkazAstra 168; 173, 184, 185, darzanamoha-256 187, 162, 163, 167, 200 dazapUrva-6 Ti0, 15;---dhara 6, 10, tarpaNAloDikA 186 Ti0 tAtparyagrAhI--123 dazapUrvI-8, 6, Ti0 10-11, 16, 23, tAdAtmya-65, 238. 'tAbhisa-256 dazaprakIrNaka-27 Ti0, titthogAlIya- Ti0 dazavakAlika-21, 23, 25-27, 30 tiryag--58, 47, 206, paryAya 78; 31, 163, 183, 186, 162, --sAmAnya 58, 77.80, 120; 163, 165, 166. 281;-cUNi tiryaJca 257 183; ---niyukti 156 tIrthakara-4, 7-6, 11, 162, 260 dazAzrutaskaMdha-22, 25,27, 26, 282 tulyatA-atulyatA-120 tRSNA ----46, 46 dAkSaNikabandha-~248, dAna 185 terahapaMtha .....25 dArzanika sAhitya kA vikAsa krama ..taittirIyopanipad-36 Ti0, 42 281 taithikoM-255 digambara ----10, 11, 15-18, 20 23. 23. 26, 36. 210, 20, (tra) 231, 260, 266, 23, 284, trikAlAbAdhita vastu-~~125 304;---ke aMgabAjha 23, zrata kA triguNAtmaka--254 viccheda 22 tripiTaka-3, 97.101, 170 digambarIya----133 tripradezika skandha-106 dignAga-144, 145, 148, 1.75

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15.8, 272,273, 275, 276, 208-210, 214-217, 226, 284, 285, 288, 286, 266, 233-241, 245, 256, 267, 267, 312 286, 317-316;..aura karma dIghanikAya-- 46 Ti0, 47 Ti, 50, 61;-... guNa 61, 232, 238;-- 54 Ti0, 56 Ti0 170 jAti 61;--paryAya ?, 232;--- dIrghatamA--36, 208 paryAya kA bhedAbheda 76, 84;-- duHkha-48, 75, 254 kSetra-bhAva 73;-- dRSTi 80; 84 durupanIta 186, 166, 167, 201 -86, 88, 118-120, 207, durNaya-230 240, 241, 274;-paramANu 88; durnaya--103, 300 --vicAra 76;---Agama 6: durbala-56 AtmA 85, 86;-anuyoga 17, durbalikA puSyamitra-18 24, 187, 186;-zabda kA artha durlabhadevI-303 210;- lakSaNa 211, 234;dUSaNA-160, 161, 164 paryAya 234;--svarUpa 234,240; dRSTasAdharmyavat -- 142, 148, 154 -sAdharmya-vaidharmya 243, 216 dRSTAMta--157, 158, 188, 161; dravyavAda-316 / -vizuddha 166;-vizuddhi 158 dravya-naya--240; 240 --- aura paryAyanaya dRSTi-67, 112, 114, 115, 117 .243 dRSTivAda-14 15, 17, 20, 22, dravyanayAzrita-210 __ 24, 26, 281, 268, 305 Ti0, dravyAthika 71, 77, 78, 120, 273 274, 286, 287, 301, 311, deva-17, 257 312, 314, 318;-paryAyArthika devatA-315 117;----pradezArthika 118 devadhigaNi- 16, 282 dravyAstika-210 deva loka---105 dravyotpatti-316 devavAcaka-30 draSTutva-258 devasena-304 dvAtriMzikA-270, 272 devendrastava--26, 282 dvAdazAMga-3, 21, 22, 23 deza-117 dvAdazAMgI--- 4, 7,8 doSa-256;---varNana 253;--vizeSa dvAdazAra nayacakra-306, 311 180 dvipradezika skandha-106 dravya62, 71, 73, 77, 83, 87, dveSa-253, 255, 256 115-116, 122, 123, 141, dvaita-316

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( 16 ) dvaitavAda-232 133-135, 146, 147, 165, dvaitAdvaita--44 218, 222, 223, 224, 225, (dha) 281, 282, 305, Ti0, 283, dharma-120; 241, 242, 317; 165, cUNi 21 Ti0-sUtrakAra astikArya 64, 76, 76, 87, 221, 224 116, 120, 210, 216, 226 nakSatra---23 . dharma-4, 153, 252, 253;-kathA nandimitra-16 175;-kathAnuyoga 17 naminAtha-51 , dharma-153; aura dharmA 232;---bheda naya-32, 33, 102, 103, 112, 114,117, 121, 122, 141, dharmasena--- 16, 17 208, 226-226, 241, 266 mibheda-230 -268, 276, 283, 261, dharmottara-289 300-302, 305, 307, 306, dharmakIrti--104, 145, 152, 270, 311;-vAda 54, 61, 102,103 271, 286, 266, 306 115, 216, 226, 273-275, dharmaprajJapti--21 286, 261, 300, 301, 308; dharmasiMha-35 -vAdAntara 216; lakSaNa 227; dhavalA-16 Ti0, 17 Ti0, 21 Ti0, -nirUpaNa 226, 267;-pramANa 23, Ti0; 226;-saMkhyA 227; - arthanaya dhAtu- 246 aura zeSanaya 227 dhAraNA-130, 132, 134, 222, nayacakra-265, 288, 266, 266, 301-311;- kA mahatva 267; dhRtiSeNa-17 ---racanA kI kathA 302;-aura dhyAna-51 pUrva 304; uccheda 306-vizeSatA dhra va-147 Ti0, 150, 151;-tva 307; paricaya 306 77, 223, 236 nayacakraTIkA-265, 267 Ti0, 304 dhra vatA-240 nayacakravAlavRtti--311 dhra vasena-23 naya-darzana- 312 dhrauvya-206, 235 naya-pradIpa-261 (na) naya-rahasya-261 naMdI-3 Ti0, 5 Ti0, 7, 8 Ti0,18, nayAvatAra-18 __ 20, 25, 27-33, 36, 130, nayAbhAsa-308 225,

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nayAvatAraNA-228 206;-doSavizeSa 180;-anitya nayopadeza-261 61, 287, 311;-anityatA navatattva-51 240, 245 nava padArtha-233 nityatA-72, 118 navIna nyAya yuga-35, 281 nidarzana-158 navyanyAya-yuga-261 nimitta-44, 153, 180, 251, nAgasena-17 252 nAgArjuna-16, 66, 266, 272, niyati-43, 305, 315, 316;-- 285, 320 vAda 170, 315 nAgArjunIya vAcanA-16 niyamabhaMga-311 nAgArjunIyAH-20 niyamasAra-24, 233 Ti0,243 Ti0, nAnAtmavAda-31, 282 244 Ti0, 246 Ti0, 248 Ti0, nAnArUpa-210 250 Ti0, 257 Ti0, 260, nAma-122, 123, 141;-mAtra 262 Ti0, 264, 266 Ti0, 120;-rUpa 46;-sthApanA Adi 267 Ti0, 122;-rUpagata 217-nikSepa niraMzatA-87 318;-maya 318 nirapekSa avaktavya-65, 66 nAraka-80, 257 nirapekSavAda-300 nAza-236, 241 nirayAvalI-25 nAsadIya sUkta-40, 64, 313 nirodha-46 nAsti-61, 63 niyukti-25, 26, 32, 36, 183, nAstika-170, 283-vAda 32; 186, 205;-kAra 162, 186, nAstitva-60 168, 283 niHsvabhAva-272 nirvANa-45, 68, 246, nikSepa-33, 122, 141, 226, nirvedanI-175, 146 232, 283. 318-kA artha 123; nirhetuka vinAzavAda-316 -tatva 124; vidyA 123 nizItha-25, 27, 26, 281-bhASya nigamana-158, 161:-vizaddhi 158 176;-adhyayana 21 nigodavyAkhyAtA-26 nizIthikA-23 nigraha doSa--176 nizcaya-225, 234, 247, 268, nigrahasthAna 181, 184, 162, 163 -naya 244, 232, 268, 266, . nitya-118, 274, 311-kI vyAkhyA 261; dRSTi 5, 6, 165, 256; "

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264, aura vyavahAra 246;-pradhAna nyAya-vaizeSika-208, 206, 252 adhyAtmavAda 232 nyAyazAstra-176, 176 nidhAvacana-186, 194, 201 nyAyasUtra-7 Ti0, 138, 145, 146, nizrita-223 148, 157, 158, 161, 166, niSkaMpa-57 181, 185, 187, 188, 186, niSedha-64, 66, 17, 156;-pakSa; 162, 163, 165, 200, 207; 63~-mukha 64, 65;-rUpa 112, -kAra 150, 184, 230, 253 156 nyAyAvatAra-270, 271, 275, 276, niva-32 286;-- vivecana 275 Ti0 neti-neti-46, 60 (pa) nepAla-15 nemi-311 paesI-32, 170 naigama-220, 267, 312, 318 paMcapradezika skaMdha-110 naiyAyika-3, 136, 143, 144,188, paMcabhUta--42 217, 220, 236, 256, 272, paGa gvaMdhanyAya-253 285, 288, 298, 317; paJca kalpa-26, 282 vaizeSika 53 paJca jJAnacarcA-128 paJcAstikAya--24, 63 Ti0, 233 naizcayika-251;-naya 121;-dRSTi Ti0, 214, 237 Ti0, 238, . 258;-AtmA 232 242 noindriyapratyakSa- 141, 146 pakSa-102, 157, 158; vipakSasamanokevala-131 nvaya 104;-aprayoga 227 nyAya-148, 288;-paramparA 136, padArtha-207, 208, 233 240;-- vaizeSika 252. padmapurANa-24 nyAyakumudacandra-~-260 parakRta-48 nyAya-dIpikA-261 paradravya-252 nyAyabhASya-153-155, 158, 230, paradravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva-60 ___ 302--kAra 153, 156, 157 paradravyaprakAzaka---260 / nyAyamukha-187 para prakAzaka--260,261 nyAyavAkya---- 156, 161;-ke avayava parama-tattva--40, 50, 64, 65, 120, 156;-daza avayava kI tIna paraM- 121, 206, 236 parA 158 paramasaMgraha-210 nyAyavinizcaya-265 Ti0, 260, paramasaMgrahAvalambI-234

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( 16 ) paramANa-52,87, 116, 243, 244 parISahAdhyayana-22 245,-kI nityAnityatA 87, ke parokSa-128, 131, 135, 146 cAra prakAra 87, 88,-pudgala 163, 218, 261-263, 276, 51, 78, 78, 106;-carcA 289 245;-lakSaNa 245, 246 paryAya-62, 71, 77-81, 83, 86, paramAtmA-248, 246, 266;-varNana 88, 116, 118, 206, 211, meM samanvaya 248 213, 226, 233, 234, 235paramArthataH-135 241, 244, 262, 265;-dRSTi paramArtha-dRSTi-247 74, 85, 118, 116, 241, paramezvara-43 274; -naya 240, 241;-nayAparameSThin-248 zrita 210;-vicAra 76, 78,paramparasiddha-57 kA lakSaNa 211-212-nayAntargata paramparAgama-162 273, nayAvalambI 274 paraloka-44, 68 paryAyAthika-118, 286, 287, 301 parasApekSarUpa-127 311, 318 parAnakSepa-127 paryAyAstika-210 parikarma-26 pAMca jJAna-126, 258 pariNamanazIla--250 pATaliputra-14, 282 pariNamanazIlatA-84 pATalIputra-vAcanA-14 pariNAma-78, 82, 83, 116, 128, pANDu-23 212, 213, 251;-pada 82;- pAtaMjalamahAbhASya--206 Ti0 302 vAda 84, 240-Adi mAn pAtrasvAmI-289 pariNAma 213; ---vAdI 268, pApa-68, 208, 252 . 266 pAyAsIsutta--170 pariNAmaka-317 pAramArthika-83, 66, 138, 247, pariNA mikAraNa-180 250, 251;-dRSTi 3, 10, pariNAmI--317 135;-pratyakSa 135, 286 pariNAmInitya----240 pAriNAmikI-132, 134 parizeSAnumAna-153 pArzvanAtha-32, 50, 51,84, 126 pariharaNadoSa 176 267, 268;-paramparA 45;parihAra 162, 200 anuyAyI 170, 171;-saMtAnIya parIkSA-225 283 parIkSA-mukha-260 pAhuDa-21

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piGgala - 150, 153-155 piNDaniryukti - 20, 27, 30, 282 piNDaiSaNAdhyayana -21 pippalAda - 42 puNDarIka -- 23 ( 20 ) pudgala - 32, 78, 81, 87, 86, 116, 127, 214, 216, 244, 267, 270, 317, astikAya 64, 76, 214 kI anityatA kI nityatA 86 - skaMdha 51, 86, 116, 244; --vyAkhyA 244; -- karma 250 punaruktanigrahasthAna 180 Ti0 punarjanma - 44 purAtatva -- 170 Ti0 pRthaktva - 237 puNya - 68, 208, 252 ; - apuNya 254 poTTazAla - 194 pauruSeya - 5, 162 puNyavijayajI - 205, 265 pauruSeyatA -3 puruSa -- 40-43, 207, 250, 252, 253, 258, 305, 315 316, ----kAra 317; - kAraNavAda 315, - vAda 315, 320 - advaita 315, 316 puSpacUlikA-25, 281 -- puSpadaMta --- 22 puSpikA - 25, 281 pustaka- parigraha - 13 pustaka lekhana - 27 pUjyapAda - 24, 270, 284 pUrva - 18, 21, 26; ----gata 26, 22; 20, 283, 268, 305-- dhara -- kA viccheda 20, se bane grantha 20 pUrvapakSa - 104 pUrvamImAMsA - 240 pUrvavat - 142, 148, 151-1956 pUrvoddhata - 22 pRcchA - 186, 193, 194, 201 pRthak -- 238 prakIrNaka-- 16, 26, 28, 31, 201 prakRti - 207, 240, 250, 252254, 315, 316 - pariNAmavAda ,--bandha 252, kartRtva 251 83, --vAda 316 prajApati --42 prajJapti - 281 prajJA 120, 121, 225, gamya 121 - mArga 121, vAda 120 prajJAkara -- 286 prajJApanA -- 17, 25, 28, 26, 31 32, 46, 76 Ti0, 77, 76, 80 Ti0, 82, 86, 120, 120 Ti0, 214 Ti0, 255, 213 Ti0, 281 282, 283, 316 prajJApanIya bhAva ---- 4 pratikramaNa - 23 pratikSipta - 60 praticchala - 183, 186 pratijJA - 157 158, 161, vibhakti 158, vizuddhi 158, hAni 162, 200 pratidRSTAnta khaNDana --- 167, 201 pratidRSTAntasamadUSaNa - 167, 201 pratidRSTAMta samA- 168, 201

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( 21 ) pratinibha 186 pratyutpannakAlagrahaNa-142, 155 pratinibhopanyAsa 168, 201 pratyutpannadoSa-180 pratipRcchA vyAkaraNIya 182 pratyutpanna vinAzI-186, 162, 200 pratipatti 225 pratyeka buddha-10, 163;-kathita 8 / pratibhAmUrti siddhasena-271 Ti0 prathamAnuyoga-24 pratibhAsa-256 pradeza-76, 87, 118, 116;-dRSTi pratiloma-178 Ti0, 186, 165 86, 118, 116, 228;-kI 201 apekSA-80;-bheda 237 . prativAdI 177 pradezArthika-120; dRSTi 116 pratiSedha-158 pradezI-283 pratiSThA-225 pradhAna kAraNavAda-316 pratisthApanA-185, 200 prapaJca-208 pratItinirAkRta-180 prabhava---16 pratItyasamutpanna-46 prabhAcandra-260, 261 pratItyasamutpAda-46, 48, 86, 61, prabhAvaka caritra-267 Ti0, 303 Ti0 254;-vAda 47 pramANa-10, 11, 32, 33, 36, pratyakSa-127, 131, 134, 135, 137-141, 143, 165, 182, 138, 136, 141, 145, 226 207, 217-220, 226, 226, 262, 263, 275, 276, 286; 258, 266, 276, 276, 283, -ke cAra bheda 147;-indriyaja 288, 286, 261;-aura apraaura mAnasa 147;--nirAkRta 180; mANa vibhAga 220;-lakSaNa 220, -parokSa 218;-pramANa 145, 288-bheda 136;-carcA 135, 146, 218 312;-Adi cAra 136, 258; -jJAna 145, pramANa 216;-atIndriya 261; nirUpaNa 217, 276;--bheda 144; -laukika alaukika 276 -zabda 137;-zAstra vyavasthA pratyabhijJA-150 35, 36;-saMkhyA 216;pratyabhijJAna-146, 154, 286 vyavasthA 288-260 pratyaya-251 pramANanayatatvAloka-261, 307 pratyayita-138 pramANa-parIkSA-260 pratyAkhyAna-21, 22, 55 pramANa-mImAMsA-170-261 pratyAmnAya-158 pramANavArtika-270 pratyAvartanatA-225 pramANa-vyavasthA-yuga-281

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(ba) ( 22 ) pramANa zAstra-272, 275 prAyaH vaidharmya-142, 160 pramANasaMgraha-265 Ti0, 260 prAyaH sAdhopanIta-142, 156, pramANa-saMplava-230 160 pramANa samuccaya--148 premIjI-304 pramAtA-276 premI abhinandana grantha-35 Ti0, 266 pramAda-255 proSThila-17 pramiti-276 (pha) prameya-36, 207, 233, 272, 276, 288 phala288 prameyakamala-mArtaNDa 260 phANita-121 prayojana--158 pravacana mAlA-5 battIsI- 186 pravacanasAra-24, 233 Ti0, 242, baddhatva-abaddhatva-270 262, Ti0, 262, bandha-208, 248, 252, 255, 258; prazasta (pAda)--145, 148, 157, -hetu 255;-vicAra 270 157 Ti0, 158, 243 balavAn-56 prazastapAdabhASya-302 bahirAtmA-248 prazAstRdoSa-176, prazna 181, 182, bahirindriya-147 194;-ke chaH prakAra 181; bahiSprajJa-66, 100, 248 vaividhya 164 bahu-223 praznabAhulyamuttarAlpatA 164, 201 bahuvidha-223 praznavyAkaraNa-22, 28, 281 bAdarAyaNa-206 praznAlpatottara bAhulya-164, 201 bAdhavijita--220 praznakadeza-164 bAlAvabodha-35 prasaMgApAdana---183, 160, 168 bAhya-272 prasavadharmA-250 bAhyAtmA-248 prasthaka-227 bAhyArtha-263 prAkRta-11, 28 buddha-14, 44, 46, 47, 46,53,54, prAkRtika-248 55, 57-61, 63-75, 83, prANa-41 86-61, 101, 102, 248, 260 prAtilomika--165 -anAtmavAda 45;-anekAntavAda prAmANya-6, 6, 25, 286 74; ke avyAkRtaprazna 56;-vibha

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jyavAdI 53; vacana 255 Ti0 buddha vacana - 255 Ti0 buddhAnanda - 303 buddhi-- 132, 133, 225 buddhiliMga - 17 bRhadAraNyaka - 42, 43, 44 bRhatkalpa (bhASya ) 4 Ti0;5 Ti0; paTi0; Ta0, 25, 27, 26, 33, 172 -- 174, 282 becaradAsa jI - 270 ( 23 ) bauddha - 3, 14, 32, 33, 45, 47, 53-55, 87, 67, 104, 127, 128, 144, 147, 148, 156, 166, 170, 182, 166, 211 217, 250 Ti0 251, 2540 256, 262, 272-277, 28520, 27, 28, 303, 318320 - piTaka 31, 166; 170; -- nyAyazAstra 272, 285 brahma - 43, 44, 46, 87, 64, 256, 286 ; -vAda 31, 60, 83, 61; - bhAva 246, 232 brahmacaryavAsa --- 46, 65 brahmasUtra - 6, 165, 206 brahmAdvaita- 232, 25.6 brAhmaNa - 3, 12 (bha) bhaMgajana - - 101 bhaMgavidyA - 113 bhaMgoM kA itihAsa - 63 bhaktaparijJA - 26, 27, Ti0, 282 bhagavatI 26 Ti0, 31, 32, 52, 52 Ti0, 55-57, 62, 66, 66,. 71, 75 Ti0, 76, 77 Ti0, 76, 82,84,85,88Ti0, 86, 60, 3,100, 105, 112, 113 Ti0, 116, 116 Ti0, 118' 120 Ti0, 121 Ti0, 130, 136, 145, 171, 182, 188, 213 Ti0, 214, 242, 215, 262, 283, 313, 316, 'bhagavadgItA - 6, 165 bhadragupta - 17 bhadrabAhu - 8 Ti0, 6 Ti0 14-16 22, 28, 29, 33, 36, 123, Ti0, 156, 157, 158, 183, 16012, 168, 205, 283 bhadrabAhu dvitIya - - 33 bharata cakravartI - 51 bhatR prapaJca-- - 240 bhartRhari - 313, 318, 316 bhava - 46, 46, 117 bhavapratyayika - 131 bhAratIya vidyA - 271 Ti0 bhAva - 62, 71, 73, 74, 115117, 122, 123, 147, 238, 241, 245, 285, 286, 317, 318; - paramANu 88; abhAva 287;- vAda 316 bhAvanA -- 266 bhAvanikSepa - 232 bhAvapramANa --- 226 bhAvAbhAva-rUpa-272 bhAvArthika- 71, 77, 117, 118

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( 24 ) bhASya-26, 32, 33, 205, 207, matoM kI sRSTi-115 283 mathurA-18 bhinna-118 madhyamamArga--46-48, 65, 86, 61, bhUta-43, 44,-vAda 44,--vAdI madhyAnta vibhAgavRtti-145, 250 31, 282 mana-46, 146,217 bhUtabali-22 manaH paryaya-126-131, 134, 135, bhUtamabhUtasya-156 141, 146, 218, 262, 288 bhUtArtha-247, 268 manuSya-257 mUto bhUtasya-156 manojanya--135, 144, 147 bhRgukaccha-303 manovijJAna-46 bheda-118, 237, 242, 287, 318 maraNa-46 -gAmI 118-abheda 61, 120; maraNAntara-46, 70 -jJAna-237, 246, 252, maraNottara-tathAgata 46, sthiti 254, 257;-vyabahAra-237, asthiti 66 -dRSTi 274 --abheda 287, malayagiri-34, 284 gAmI 287-darzana 267 malla-303 bhoktRtva-75 mallavAdi-288, 265, 266, 297 bhoga-270 302, 303, 304, 305, 307, bhautikavAda-47 306, 311, 313 aura nayacakra bhautikavAdI-60, 66, 72, 121 263,--kA samaya 266 bhrama-128 mallavAdI prabaMdha-303 Ti. bhramara-121, mahAkalpa zruta-17, 21 bhrAntam-277 mahAkalpika-23 mahAgiri-17 (ma) mahAnizItha-27, 30 282 majjhimanikAya-46 Ti0,53, 56 Ti0, mahApuNDarIka-23 60 Ti0, 67 Ti, 68 Ti0 mahA pratyAkhyAna-26, 262 mati-126, 133,135, 218, 221, mahAbandha-283 224, 262, 265, 266;-zruta mahAbhArata-~-142 kA viveka 221,aura zruta avi- mahAbhUta-44,47 bhAjya-221 --ke bheda 222 parokSa mahAmoha-256 pramANa 216 mahAvIra-14, 21, 26, 27, 31, matibhaMgadoSa-176 32, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55 Jain Education International

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[ 25 ] 56, 61, 64, 65, 67-70, mithyAtva-127, 135, 244, 256, 73, 75, 83, 84, 86-61, 268 EL-~-104 114-116, 121, milinda-182 Ti0, 316 122, 128, 126. 136 166- mImAMsaka-3, 150, 162, 272, 172,167 273, 261, 266 285, 288, 313, 314, 315 267, 298, 301, 306-se pUrva mImAMsA darzana-146, 288 kI sthiti 36, kI dena 51 mukta-57, 258;-AtmA 252 mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya rajatasmAraka- muktaka-10, 11, 164 205 Ti. mukti-252 mahA sAmAnya-208, 226 muNDakopaniSad-42 mahAsvapna--52 mUDhadRSTi-257 mahendrakumAra jI-35 mUrta-217, 243, 244;-amUrtaviveka mAilla dhavala--304 243 mAThara-147, 146, 150, 153- mUrtatva-amUrtatva-243 158 mUla-25, 27, 281; kAraNa 36, mANikyanandI--260 40-43;-tatva 42;-do dRSTiyA~ mANDUkya--(upaniSada) 96,100, 101, 117;-naya 117, 227, 248 mUla mAdhyamikakArikA-150 mAtRkApadAstika--210 mUla sUtra-30, 282 mAthurI vAcanA-18,16 mUlAcAra-8 Ti0, 24, 163 Ti. mAdhyamika darzana-66 mRtyu-41 mAna-256 mRSA---66 mAnasajJAna-144,147 medhA-225 mAnasa pratyakSa-147 merutuMga-17 Ti0 mAnasika-~~46 maitreya (nAtha)--147, 148, 157, 158 mAyA-127, 256 maitreyI-44 mAyika--83 mokSa-66, 250, 253, 258, 266 mArga---311 3-mArga 13, 267, 266 mArgaNA---51, 225;-sthAna 257 mokSazAstrika-196 mithyA--127, 274, 286;-zruta moha-252-256 5;-vAda 274;--vAdI 274 mohanIya-256 mithyAjJAna--253-254 ___ mohAtmaka-254

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. [ 26 ] 130, 281-283 yativRSabha-123 Ti0 rAnaDe-43, 44 yathArthadarzI-11 rAmAyaNa-142 yathArtha zrotA-11 rAyapaseNaiya-170 rudra-42 'yadRcchA-43 rUpa-45, 46, 70, 217, 257 yazobAhu-23 rUpI-76, 76, 216, 243 yazobhadra-16, 23 revatI mitra--17 yazovijaya-128, 261, 265 roha gupta-165 yAga-314 yAjJavalkya--44 (la) yApaka-183-185, 200 laghIyastraya-52 Ti0, 307 Ti0, 260 yApanIya-230 laghu-66 yukti-136, 188;-doSa 180;- labdhi-266;-vIrya 57 viruddha 166, 201 liMga---270 yuktyanuzAsana-287 lUSaka-183, 186, 168, 200 yoga-85, 255 loka-47, 51, 56, 60, 72, 116, yoga (darzana)-212, 256 171, 226;-kI nityAnityatA yogadarzana bhASya-217 aura sAntAnantatA 62;-kyA haiyogasUtra-254, 302 64,214;-nirukti 50;-prajJapti yogAcAra-144 50;--rUDhinirAkRta 180-vAdI yogAcAra bhUmizAstra-145, 147, 152 68 vyavahAra 50, 135;--saMjJA (ra) 50;-aloka kA vibhAga 242;rajas-254 tattva 314 rajoguNa-256 lokAkAza-242 ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra-~~-24, 271 lokAgaccha--35 ratna prabhA pRthvI-105 lokAyata-87,60 ratnAvalI-275, 300 lokottara--142, 161, ratha-316-yAtrA 174 lobha-256 rathAMga-316 lohAcArya-23 raviSeNa-24 laukika-142, 146, 161 ,121, rAga-253, 255, 256 247;--Agama 161;-naya 121; rAjapraznIya-25, 31, 32, 128, -pratyakSa 146, 147

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[ 27 ] (va) 238, 241, 242, 244, 245, vandanA-23 255, 261, 262, 264, 265 vAcanA-14, 16, 18, 16 vaMza-paramparA-12 vAcaspati-34 vaktavyatva-avaktavyatva-66 vAcyatA--100, 101 vaktavyatA-141 vAtsyAyana-147, 146, 157, 272, vaktA-5, 7, 164, 285 vacana-bheda-286 vAda-170, 171, 174, 176, 181, vajra-16, 17 160;-kathA 176, 178, 195; vaTTakera-24 --kA mahattva 166;-doSa 178; vana-316 -pada 166, 185, 181, 163; vargaNA-51 -pravINa 171;-mArga 188, varNAdi-234 138;-vidyA 170,187;-vidyA vardhamAna-4 vizArada 172;--zAstra 157, valabhI-14, 16, 20, 27, 282, 166 303 vAdadvAtriMzikAe~-273 vallabhAcArya-240 vAdi-171, 172, 174, 177 vasati-228 vAdideva sUri--261 vasubandhu-148, 272, 285, 288, vAyaNaMtare-20 312 vAyu-40, 41 vasurAta---316 vArSagaNya--312, vastu-66, 104, 118, 127, 204, __ vAlabhI vAcanA-16, 26 - 238, 241, 285, 308, 318, vikala-131 316-darzana 116;-doSa 176; vikalAdeza-113 --doSa-vizeSa 180;-meM ekatA- vikalAdezI-106 Ti0, 113 anekatA 86;-sparzI 128:-- vikAra--120 tattvarUpa 315 vikSepaNI 175, 176 vastradhAraNa-231 Ti0 vikSepavAda-56 vAkchala-200 vikSepavAdI-18 vAkyadoSa-180 Ti0 165, 196 vigrahavyAvartanI-145, 162 vAkyapadIya-313 vigRhyasaMbhASA-176 Ti0, 184 vAkyazuddhi adhyayana-21 vicAraNA-225 vAcaka (umAsvAti)-212, 235 Ti0, vicAra zreNI-17 Ti0

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[ 28 ] viccheda-26,118 vibhajyavAdI-45, 53, 54 vijaya--17 vibhajyavyAkaraNIya-182 vijayalabdhisUri granthamAlA-265 vibhAva-127, 128, 262-paryAya vijayasiMha sUri prabaMdha-267 / / 244 vijJaptimAtratAsiddhi-145 vibhutva-250 Ti0 vijJAna-46,48,225;-ghana 44;- vibhrama-262 vAdI 127,128,251,320;- vimarza-225 vAda 272,247,273, 275,285, vimAna sthAna-177 Ti0 . 314;-rUpa 272, 285 vimoha-262 vijJAnAdvata--232, 246, 256, 263, viruddha-165, 166;-vAkyadoSa 196, 201;-vAda 287 266 _ virodha-64, 102, 104, 116, vitaNDA--176 121, 241;-parihAra 121, vidyA-306 116, 210 vidyAnanda-24, 285, 260, 265 virodhI-58, 61, 64, 15, 112, vidyAvaMza-12 153;-dharmayugala 61;--bhaMga vidhAna-120 102;-dharmoM kA samanvaya 116; vidhi-64, 66, 17, 158, 306; --vAda 246 niSedha Adi 68;-pakSa 63;-mukha 64;-rUpa 112, 156;-bhaMga vivakSA-112, 162 311, 314;--vAkya 315;-vAda vivAda-177;-kathA 176;-ke chaH 313, 314 prakAra 177 vinayapiTaka-75 Ti0 viveka khyAti-254 vinayavAda-32, 282, 313 vizAkhAcArya-17, 23 vinAza-316 viziSTAdvaita--44 vipakSa-102, 158 vizeSa--77, 78, 83, 314, 312, viparyaya-254, 256, 120-ke dasa prakAra 176;viparyAsa-268 doSa 176;-154, 142;-vAda 316 vipAka-22, 31, 281 vipulamati-131 vizeSakAntarUpa-316 viplava-230 vizeSa pada-76 vibhajyavAda-4, 53, 54, 55, 58, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya-8 Ti0; 17, 33, 61, 62, 63 301 Ti0, 302

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( 26 ) vizva-36, 64 207, 211, 243, 214;-upaviSaya-46, 237 skAra Ti0 211 viSaya-viSayI bhAva-263, 264 vyaMsaka-183, 185, 168, 200 viSNu--16, 23, 248, 250 vyaJjana-212;-paryAya 224 vItarAgakathA-171, 176, 177 Ti0, vyaJjanAvagraha-131, 132, 134 181 vyapadeza-237;-bheda 238 vIra nirvANasaMvat aura jaina kAla gaNanA- vyaya-206, 235, 236-241 15 Ti. vyavasAya-138, 136 vIrasenAcArya-284 vyavasAyAtmaka-138 vIrastava-20, 27 vyavahAra--7, 10, 22, 25, 27, 26, vIrya-85 234, 244, 247, 268,282;vRSNidazA-25, 281 naya 312, 314, 268, 220, veda-3, 5-7, 11, 12, 24, 51, 250,261;-nayAzrita 210;142, 165, 285, 313; aura nizcaya 267 adhyayana 13 vyAkRta-60 vedanA-46, 46 vyAkhyAprajJapti-22 vedAnta-104, 206, 232, 268 vyApAra-221 vedAnti-208, 240, 246 vyApti-157 vedApauruSeyatA-272 vyAvahArika-4, 5, 50, 121, 135, vedya-271 251;-aura naizcayika 120;vaikRtika--248 naya 121;-dRSTi 247, 264;vaiDUryamaNi--274 pratyakSa 286 vaitaNDika---165 vyAsabhASya-302 vaidika-148 vyucchitti naya--71 vaidhopanIta-142, 156, 160 / / vyucchittinayArthatA-118 vanayika-23, 134 vyudgra prazna-181 vainayikI-132 vaibhAvika--244, 262 (za) vaizeSika--3, 53, 151, 152, 156, zaMkarAcArya-104 197, 206, 211-213, 217, zakyaprApti-158 233, 235, 237-240, 246 zabara-150, 154-272, 285 243, 268, 301, 317, 312, zabda-6, 10, 33, 40, 123, 161, 318-sUtra 145, 146, 156, 227, 312, 318, prayoga 162;

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-- mAtra 120 ; - vizeSa 150vyavahAra 123 ; -- zakti 40 ; -naya 312, 227, 220;-ke bheda 227 zabdAtmaka grantha-8 zabdAdva eta -- 124, 318 zayyaMbhava -- 16, 22, 26, 30 zarIra - 46, 47, 56, 64, 65, 170, 234 zarIrAtmavAda- --47 zAMkarabhASya - 302 zAntyAcArya - 34, 138 zAbarabhASya- - 302 zAsana prabhAvaka grantha---- 272 zAzvata - 246 zAzvatatA--- - 118 ( 30 ) zAzvatavAda--47-48, 60, 66-71, 75. 61 zAzvatocchedavAda - 72 zAstra -6, 312 zAstravArtA samuccaya - 260, 261 zAstroddhAra mImAMsA --- 25, 26 Ti0 ziva - 248 zIlAMka - 34, 284 zuklayajurveda - 315 zuddha --- 247, 257 252; - AtmA 248, zuddhAdvata - 44 zubha (adhyavasAya ) -- 252, 253 zubhamANavaka - 53 zUnya - 47; -vAda 247, 246, 272; -vAdI 162; -vAda 285 zUnyAdva eta--232, 266 zeSa - 150 zeSavat - 142, 148, 151, 153, 156; -- ke pA~ca bheda 152 zeSavadanumAna - 146 - 151 zailezI - 57 zyAma - 28; -- varNaparyAya 80 zraddhA -- 6, 165; - pradhAna 283 zramaNa - 13, 14, 16 zravaNatA -- 225 zrAvastI - 32 zrIgupta -- 17 zruta -- 3, 14, 126, 130, 134, 135, 218, 216, 262, 266; -- kevalI 8, 6, 11, 15, 16, 23, 163;1 - jJAna 6, 131, 305; -dhara, 13 ; -- niHsRta 128, 131-134, 222 Rddhi 15; - viccheda ; - labdhi - 16; --- skandha 27 - svAdhyAya 14 zrutadevatA - 303, 304, 306, 307 zruti - 3 zrutiparamparA - 11 zrotA - 5, 164;-- aura vaktA kI dRSTi 5 zlokavArtika -- 206 Ti0, 265 Ti0, 285 zvetAmbara - 11, 15-17, 20, 21, 24, 26, 36, 214; ---230,3049- ke Agama grantha26; - digambara 26; - mUrtipUjaka 25 ; - sthAnakavAsI 24 zvetAzvataropaniSad -42, 43, 305, 316

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varNana 252;-avasthA 66 saMsArI-57 SaTkhaNDAgama-20-22, 36, 283 Sapradezika skandha-112 saMskAra-46, 48, SaDindriyavAda-217 saMstAraka-26, 282 SaDdravya-51, 233 saMsthAna-117, 237 sakampa-57 SaDdravyAtmaka-214 sakala-131 (sa) sakalAdeza-113 saMkramaNa 176;-doSa 176 sakalAdezI-113 saMkhyA--120, 141, 237;---pramANa sat-40-42, 67, 102, 207, 206, 226 211, 226, 235, 237;-kA saMkhyakAMta--230 lakSaNa 206;-kA svarUpa 208;saMgIti-14 cAra bheda 210 saMgraha-220, 286;-naya 208, 206, satkAyadRSTi-257 273, 312;nayAvalambI 274 / satkAraNavAdI-41 saMghadAsagaNI-~-33 satkAryavAda--240, 241, 287, 312, saMjaya-56, 18, 101, 104 315, 316 saMjJA-46, 46, 225 sattarisayaThANa-26 Ti0 saMdigdha-223 sattA-206, 235, 236;-sambandha saMpUrNazrutajJAnI-8 207, 318;- sAmAnya 208, saMpUrNa satya kA darzana-103 235, 318 saMbhava-216 sat dravya-210 saMbhUti vijaya--16 sat pakSa---101 saMyukta nikAya 45, 46 Ti., 47, 47 satya-3, 4, 10, 66, 127, 311 Ti0, 48, 46 Ti0, 67 Ti0, 87 satyapravAda pUrva-22 Ti0, 60, 67 Ti. satya-mRSA-66 saMyogI-152, 156 sattva-207, 254;--guNa 256 saMvara-66 sadasat-67, 102 saMvejanI 175, 176 saddAlaputta-170 saMzaya-102, 104, 158-prazna saddhetu-185 181, 262-vAda 104;-- sadbhAvaparyAya-106, 107, 106 vAdI-40;-vyudAsa 158 sadbha ta-asadbha ta paryAya-265 saMsAra-252, 253, 254, 268;- sandhAya saMbhASA-177 Ti0

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sannikarSa -- 143 (tarka prakaraNa) sanmati - 270, 300, 301, 286, 260, 271, 272, 273 - 275; - meM anekAnta sthApana 272 saptabhaMgI - 66, 101, 105, 113, 210, 243, 287 saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI - 261 sabhApati - 178 samantabhadra -- 24, 101, 271, 287, 266, 266 samanvaya - 61, 65, 67, 70-72, 75, 83, 86, 61, 64, 101103, 104, 114, 248, 246, 261,302,287; --vAda 102;-- zIla 74 samabhirUr3ha - 227, 305, 312, 316 ( 32 ) samaya -88 samayasAra - 24, 234 Ti0, 236, 250, 251 Ti0, 252 Ti0 257 - 258, 268 samarAicca kahA - 271 ( TippaNa ) samavatAra -- 141 samavAya - 237, 238, 318 samavAya - aGga 3 Ti0, 22, 31, 32, 21, 22, 23 samavAyI- 153, 156 samAropa - 262 samudAyavAda- -87 samyaktva - 135 samyag -- 220 ; - jJAna 102, 220253, 257, 261, 262; - darzana 10 164,375; - dRSTi 233 - zruta5 sarva -- 122 'sarvaM asti' - 86, 60 'sarvaM nAsti' - 86, 60 sarvagata -- 246, 250 sarvajJa - 250, 265, 315; - kA jJAna 264 sarvajJatva - 270 sarvadarzana samUha - 301 sarvanayamaya - 306 sarvanayamayatA - 307, 308 sarvamithyAdarzana samUhatA -- 308 sarvavaidharmya - 142, 160 sarvavyApaka - 246 sarvazUnyavAda - 91 sarvasarvAtmakatA - 317 sarvasAdharmyApanIta ---- 142 156 sarvAtmaka - 315 sarvArthasiddhi - 8 Ti0, 208 Ti0 270, 270 Ti0 sarvekya - 61 savIrya ---57 sahakArI - 180 sAMkhya - 83, 138, 144, 148, 162, 207, 212, 217, 236, 240, 246-254, 256-258, 272, 273, 274, 276, 285288, 28, 301, 312, 314, 315, 316, sAMkhyakArikA--- 138, 252 sAMDilya --- 17 sAMprata - 227 sAMvRtika-- 247 145, 147,

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( 33 ) sAMvyavahArika-138;-pratyakSa 135, 205, 226, 271, 273-277, 147, 216 284, 286, 287,286, 260, sAMzatA-87 266, 267, 266, 301, 306; sAkAra upayoga-220 --kI pratibhA 271;-kA samaya sAkSAtkArAtmaka-127 270 Ti0 sAta tattva-233 siddhasenadvAtriMzikA-40 Ti0 sAdhana-182, 161 siddhArtha-17 sAdharmyajJAna-154 siddhAvasthA-66 sAdharmyasamA-197 siddhi--66 Ti0 sAdhopanIta-142, 156;ke tIna siddhi vinizcaya--260 prakAra 157 siyAvAo-62 sAdhopamAna-161 sukha--127, 254, 256. sAdhya-156 sukhalAlajI-35, 170, 205, 230 sAnta-73 255 Ti0, 270, 271, 275 sAnta-ananta-~61 Ti. sAntatA aura anantatA-116 sutta pAhuDa-262 Ti0 sApekSa avaktavya-65 sudharmA-16 sApekSa avaktavyatA-66, 67 sunaya-230, 300 sAmagrI-244 subhadra-23 sAmAnya-58, 206, 312, 314, suhastin-17 316;-dravya 77, aura vizeSa sUkSma-245, 247 61, 282-chala 187, 168, sUkSma-sthUla-245 200, 201;-dRSTa 142, 154 sUtra-162, 305 sAmAnyatodRSTa-148, 154, 155 sUtrakRta (aMga)-4 Ti0, 22, 53, sAmAnyakAnta-316 54, 68 Ti0, 62, 170, 171, 281, sAmAyika-4, 23, 84 siMhagaNi-288, 266, 297, 311. sUtrarUpa Agama-162 sUtravAcanA-15 sUrya prajJapti-17, 24, 25, 26, 31, siMha senApati-74 siddha-66 siddha zilA-105 sRSTi-42, 282 siddhasena 100, 117, 138, 143, senA-316 28 313 281

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sonA acchA - 56 somila - 86, 187 saugatadarzana - 301 sautrAntika- 218 saurASTra - 303 skandaka -- 62, 73 skaMdila - 17-16 skaMdha - 76, 106 Ti0, 244; - ke chaha bheda 244 skaMdhaka 171 sthavira - 8, 10, 23, 26, 26, 163, 164, 281 sthAna (aMga ) - 22, 28, 31, 32,76, 77 Ti0, 66, 117, Ti0 130134, 137, 138, 136, 140, 144, 145, 156, 172, 175, 177, 178, 181, 1983, 186, 191, 208, 213 Ti0, 218, 222, 281, 282, 317 sthAnakavAsI - 25, 26; -- ke Agamagrantha 214 283, 24 sthAnAMga sUtra TIkA - 178 Ti0 sthApaka - 183, 185, 200 sthApanA -- 122, 123, 161, 185, 200 karma 186, 161, 262, 200, 225; - nikSepa 316 sthApanIya - 182 sthApita - 60 sthiti - 80, 240; vAda 320 sthiramati - 145 ( 34 ) sthUla - 245, 247, sthUlabhadra - 15, 17, 306 sthUlasUkSma -- 245 sparza - 46, 48, smRti - 225, 286 syAt - 62, 63, 113; - zabdAMkita 54 syAdvAda - 4, 36, 40, 54, 55, 58, 288, 30, 310, 311, 320, 56, 63, 104, 113, 273286, 287 ; - aura saptabhaMgI e2, 243; --bhaMgoM kI bhUmikA ha3; - avaktavya bhaMga 96; - maulika bhaMga 66; - bhaMgoM kA vivaraNa 100; - bhaMgoM kI vizeSatA 101 ; bhaMgoM kA prAcIna rUpa 105; - bhaMgoM kA utthAna 112; tumba 310 syAdvAdamaMjarI - 228 Ti0 syAdvAdamudrA ----5 syAdvAdaratnAkara - 291 syAdvAda - 102, 287 svakRta -- 48 svadravya, Adi - 60, 104 svapara prakAzaka -- 260, 261 svapara prakAzakatA - 220 svaparavyavasAya --- 220 svaparavyavasAyi --- 138 svabhAva - 43, 127, 153, 235, 241, 242, 315; - jJAna 262; -- aura vibhAva jJAna 2625- paryAya 244; - vAda 315 svasamaya - 305 svayaMbhU - 248 svalakSaNadoSa - 176 svavacananirAkRta - 180 svasvAmibhAva sambandha - 237

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( 35 ) svAbhAvika -- 244; - paryAya 262 (ha) haribhadra - 30, 33, 136, 186, 167, 284, 260 harivaMzapurANa - 24 hIrAcaMdra jI - 265 hIrAlAla --- 271 hetuvAda - ahetuvAda--- 287 hetvAbhAsa -- 193, 200 hetu -- 137, 157, 158, 162, 182, 183, 186, 161, 168, 200, 251; -- cAra bheda 156; - carcA 156; -- doSa 176; -- vAda 166 ; - vidyA 173 ; - vizuddhi 158 : upanyAsa 168, 201; - lakSaNa 277, 286 hemacandra -- 5, 34, 62, 261 heya--262 *

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saurASTra ke choTe se gA~va meM 22-7-1910 (22-7-1910) meM janma / pitA ke viyoga ke bAda hindu anAthAzrama meM sAta varSa raha kara I0 1927 (1927) bIkAnera meM jaina TreniMga kAleja meM jainAgama aura prAkRta-bhASA kA abhyAsa kiyaa| I0 193234 (1932-34) meM zAntiniketana vizvabhAratI meM pAli aura bauddha dharma kA abhyAsa kiyaa| I0 1635 (1935) se pUjya paMDita sukhalAla jI ke sahAyaka rUpa meM banArasa rhe| aura, banArasa hindu yunivarsiTI meM I0 1938 se 1656 (1938 to 1959) taka jainadarzana ke prAdhyApaka rhe| I0 1656 se 1976 (1959 to 1976) taka lA0 da0 vidyAmaMdira, ahamadAbAda meM nidezaka rahe aura keneDA kI toronTo yu0 meM 1968-66 (1968-69) meM bauddhadarzana ke prAdhyApaka rhe| deza-videza meM hone vAlI pariSadoM meM bhAga liyaa| oriyanTala konpharensa ke jayapura adhivezana meM vAisa presiDenTa niyukta hue| a0 bhA0 darzana pariSada ke jabalapura adhivezana meM pramukha pada zobhita kiyaa| zatAdhika lekha likhe aura zatAdhika pustakoM kA sampAdana-lekhana kiyaa| rASTrapati dvArA saMskRta meM pratiSThA pramANa patra milA I0 1985 meM / aba 79 (79) varSa kI Ayu meM nivRtta jIvana bitA rahe

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