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________________ . . maharSividyAnandaviracitaH tattvArthazlokavArtikAlaGkAraH caturtha khaNDa hindIbhASAnuvAdikA gaNinI AryikA 105 zrI supArzvamatI mAtAjI
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________________ ISISISISISISISISISISISISISISISISISISE zrImadvidyAnandasvAmiviracitaH tttvaarthshlokvaarttikaalngkaarH| (caturtha khaNDa) hindI bhASAnuvAdikA gaNinI AryikA 105 zrI supArzvamatI mAtAjI prakAzaka: pannAlAla pATanI 29-A/3, rAmakRSNa samAdhi roDa (tIsarI maMjila) kolakAtA - 700054 EXSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
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________________ FKSXSXSISESKSASKSKSKSKSKSKSKSKSKSKSKE tattvArthazlokavArtikAlaMkAraH (caturtha khaNDa) HISHSSSSSSSSSSSIASISASISISIASISISISISISISISISISXSSSSSSENSE racayitA : maharSi vidyAnanda hindI anuvAdaka: : gaNinI AryikA 105 zrI supArzvamatI mAtAjI sampAdaka : DaoN. cetanaprakAza pATanI, jodhapura OM arthasahayoga : zrImAn pannAlAla evaM zrImatI saroja pATanI 29-A/3, rAmakRSNa samAdhi roDa (tIsarI maMjila) kolakAtA - 700054 prAptisthAna cUr3IvAla phArma hAusa omeksa siTI ke sAmane, jayapura - saMskaraNa : prathama, 500 pratiyA~ prakAzana tithi : dIpamAlikA, vi.saM. 2067 saMkalpanA : nidhi kampyUTarsa, jodhapura @ 0291-2440578 mudraka : hindustAna prinTiMga hAusa, jodhapura @ 0291-2433345 / 93 SKSKSKSKSKSKSKSKSKSASKSKSKSXSXSXSXSXE!
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________________ AryikAzrI ke dIkSAguru OOOOOOOOJOPOST POOTOOPOROTorrorror paOLLO HAPornrolorORAThe parama pUjya (sva.) AcAryazrI vIrasAgara jI mahArAja svAtmaikaniSThaM nRsurAdipUjyaM, SaDjIvakAyeSu dayArdracittaM / zrIvIrasindhuM bhavavArdhipotaM, taM sUrivaryaM praNamAmi bhktyaa|
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________________ jinazAsanaprabhAvikA, siddhAntasaMrakSikA, taponidhi adhyAtmamUrti 9030999900 00000000000000000000000000000 (sva.) pUjya AryikAzrI indumatI mAtAjI janma vi.saM. 1962 Deha (nAgaura) rAja. AryikA dIkSA vi. saM. 2006 nAgaura (rAja.) samAdhi vi. saM. 2042 sammedazikhara (bihAra)
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________________ prastuta grantha kI anuvAdikA AryikAzrI supArzvamatI mAtAjI janma vi.saM. 1985 mainasara-nAgaura (rAja.) AryikA dIkSA vi.saM. 2014 khAniyA-jayapura gaNinI pada vi. saM. 2043 kAnakI (bihAra)
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________________ Wan do zabda // tattvArthazlokavArtikAlaMkAra meM vidyAnandAcArya ne jaina darzana ke tattvoM kA talasparzI sUkSma vivecana kiyA hai| usake paThana, manana aura cintana se tattvoM ke svarUpa kI jAnakArI hRdaya ko jo Ananda pradAna karatI hai, vaha alaukika hai| isake prakaraNoM kA adhyayana kara citta Ananda se gadgada ho jAtA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki tattvArthazlokavArtikAlaMkAra umA svAmI AcArya viracita tattvArthasUtra ke gahana gambhIra tattvoM kA vividha dRSTikoNa se darzana karAne vAlA vizAla darpaNa hai| tattvArthasUtra ke prameyoM kA itanA sUkSma aura vistRta vivecana karane vAlA anya grantha nahIM hai| sarvaprathama isa grantha meM mokSopAya ke sambandha meM atyanta gaveSaNA ke sAtha vicAra kiyA gayA hai| mumukSu prANI kA dhyeya hai-saMsAra-bhramaNa se chuTakArA paanaa| mokSa kI prApti kI kAraNabhUta kriyAoM vA mAnasika praNatiyoM kA digdarzana maharSi vidyAnanda svAmI ne tattvArthasUtra ke prathama adhyAya ke prathama sUtra samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH kI viziSTa vyAkhyA karake vizadArtha kA kathana kiyA hai| grantha ke prathama khaNDa meM mAtra pahale sUtra kA hI viSaya vivecita huA hai| ratnatraya ke binA muktizrI vaza meM nahIM ho sakatI hai| ratnatraya kI prApti se hI yaha AtmA muktiramA kA varaNa kara sakatI hai| isa tattva kA darzana hama AcAryazrI vidyAnandajI ke vivecana meM dekhakara gadgada ho jAte haiN| . . grantha ke dUsare khaNDa meM ta.sUtra ke prathama adhyAya ke dUsare se AThaveM sUtra taka kA vivecana hai| isameM * samyagdarzana kA svarUpa, bheda, adhigamopAya, tattvoM kA svarUpa aura bheda, tattvajJAna ke sAdhaka nikSepAdi, nirdezAdi padArtha vijJAna, satsaMkhyAkSetrAdika-tattvajJAna ke sAdhanoM kI vistArapUrvaka vyAkhyA hai| isa vyAkhyA meM samyagdarzana se sambandhita sarvAMgINa vistRta vivecana hai| aisA gahana vizleSaNa anyatra nahIM miltaa| nauveM sUtra se bIsaveM sUtra taka kA vivecana-vizleSaNa grantha ke tIsare khaNDa meM hai| samyagjJAna kA svarUpa, samyagjJAna ke bheda, matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kA vivecana isa khaNDa kA viSaya hai| jJAna (sAmAnya) sarvajIvoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| anantAnanta jIvoM meM eka bhI jIva jJAnahIna nahIM hai kyoMki jJAna ke abhAva meM jIva kA astitva hI nahIM rahatA parantu jaise kar3avI tUmbI ke saMyoga se madhura dUdha bhI kaTu bana jAtA hai vaise hI mithyAdarzana ke saMyoga se jJAna bhI mithyA bana jAtA hai| jaba taka samyagdarzana nahIM hotA taba taka jJAna samyag nahIM khlaataa| samyagjJAna ke binA cAritra bhI samyak nahIM hotA aura samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra kI ekatA ke binA AtmA karmabandha se rahita hokara mukti ko prApta nahIM kara sktaa| jJAna pA~ca prakAra kA hai jo parokSa aura pratyakSa rUpa meM hai| tArkika vidyAnanda AcArya ne akATya yuktiyoM ke dvArA inakA tarkapUrNa vivecana kiyA hai jo Azcaryajanaka hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 4 prastuta caturthakhaNDa meM 21 veM sUtra se antima 33 veM sUtra taka kA viSaya varNita hai| avadhijJAna aura manaH paryayajJAna kA vistAra meM kathana karate hue vidyAnandAcAryadeva ne kevalajJAna-sarvajJatA kI susaMgata vyAkhyA kI hai aura nAstikoM va mImAMsakoM kI sabhI zaMkAoM kA nirasana kiyA hai| antima sUtra meM vastu kI siddhi karane ke lie nayoM kA susaMgata vivecana kara ekAntavAdiyoM ke matoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai| sUtra meM sAta nayoM kA ullekha AyA hai parantu AcArya vidyAnanda ne nayoM ke aneka bheda kiye haiM jo ina sapta meM garbhita ho jAte haiM jaise pudgala ke sAre bheda paramANu aura skandha meM garbhita ho jAte haiN| ye naya zabdanaya, arthanaya aura jJAnanaya ke bheda se tIna prakAra ke haiN| jo naya jisa aMza kA vAcaka hai vaha zabdanaya hai, vAcya aMza artha naya hai aura usa kathana se aneka dharmAtmaka vastu kI jo pratIti hai vaha jJAnanaya hai| isake anantara AcAryadeva ne 'tattvArthAdhigama bhedaH' ke antargata 470 zlokoM meM jAti, chala, nigraha, sabhya, sabhAsada Adi kA kathana kiyA hai| svArtha aura parArtha ke bheda se adhigama do prakAra kA haiN| matijJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryayajJAna aura kevalajJAna svArthAdhigama hai| zrutajJAna svArtha bhI hai aura parArtha bhii| jJAna rUpa adhigama sva ke lie upayogI hai aura vacana rUpa adhigama zrotAoM ke lie upayogI hai| 'tattva' kA vizada kathana karake AcArya vidyAnanda ne bhavya jIvoM kA mahAupakAra kiyA hai| grantha ke sampAdana kA durUha kArya DaoN. cetanaprakAza jI pATanI, jodhapura ne kiyA hai| cetana jI ni:svArtha sevAbhAvI haiM aura jinavANI kI sevA meM samarpita haiN| unako merA AzIrvAda hai ki ve anta meM digambara mudrA dhAraNa kara jinaguNasampatti ko prApta kreN| yahA~ para bahuta samaya taka samyagjJAna kA pracAra-prasAra karate rheN| ___ mere sabhI kAryoM meM sahayoga dene vAlI AryikA gauravamatI (saMgha ko gauravAnvita karane vAle nAma kI dhAraka) ke pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi kI vRddhi ho| unheM nirdoSa cAritra pAlane kI zakti prApta ho| ve dIrghakAla taka bhavyoM ko sanmArga para lagAyeM aura anta meM samAdhipUrvaka prANoM kA visarjana kareM-yahI merI kAmanA bhAvanA aura AzIrvAda hai| 'grantha ke prakAzana meM arthasahayogI zrImAn ghevaracanda jI pATanI ke suputra zrI pannAlAla jI tathA unakI patnI zrImatI saroja devI ko zubhAzIrvAda hai ki unake jIvana meM saMyama kI jyoti jage; ve apane dhana kA satkAryoM meM upayoga kareM tathA sacce devazAstraguru ke prati unakI dRr3ha AsthA banI rhe| - gaNinI AryikA supArzvamatI
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________________ prastuti // __pUjya gaNinI AryikA 105 zrI supArzvamatI mAtAjI kRta mUlAnugAmI hindI anuvAda sahita tattvArthazlokavArtikAlaGkAra kA prastuta caturtha khaNDa svAdhyAyI pAThakoM ke kara-kamaloM meM sauMpate hue hameM hArdika prasannatA hai| jaina samAja kI donoM paramparAoM - digambara aura zvetAmbara - meM 'tattvArtha sUtra' grantha kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| racayitA pUjya umAsvAmI AcArya ne isameM 'gAgara meM sAgara' ukti ko caritArtha kiyA hai| maharSi vidyAnanda svAmI ne isa paramAgama ke gUr3ha viSayoM ko apanI gambhIra zailI meM sarala banA kara saMskRta gadya padya meM tattvArthazlokavArtikAlaGkAra ke rUpa meM abhivyakta kara tattvajijJAsuoM kA mahadupakAra kiyA hai| - pUjya mAtAjI ne ativistAra evaM svataMtra vivecana se baca kara 'alaMkAra' kA yathAsambhava mUlAnugAmI sarasa zabdAnuvAda-bhAvAnuvAda prastuta kiyA hai| prathama khaNDa meM tattvArthasUtra ke prathama adhyAya ke prathama sUtra kI saMskRta vyAkhyA kA anuvAda huA thaa| dvitIya khaNDa meM dUsare sUtra se AThaveM sUtra taka ke viSayoM kA gambhIra vivecana hai| tRtIya khaNDa meM nauveM sUtra se 20 veM sUtra taka yAnI tRtIya Ahnika paryanta sUtroM kA vizada vivecana hai| prastuta caturtha khaNDa meM prathama adhyAya ke 21veM sUtra se antima 33veM sUtra taka ke prameyoM kA gambhIra pratipAdana hai| granthakAra ne avadhijJAna, mana:paryayajJAna aura kevalajJAna ke svarUpa aura bheda ke sambandha meM pratibhApUrNa vivecana kara nayoM ke sambandha meM gahana evaM vizada pratipAdana kiyA hai| anta meM 'tattvArthAdhigamabhedaH' zIrSaka se AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI ne jo prakaraNa nibaddha kiyA hai vaha vidvAnoM ke upayoga kI sAmagrI hai| isa prakaraNa meM AcAryazrI ke jJAnakauzala kA sampUrNa vaibhava carama para dikhAI detA hai| ApakI medhA, pratibhA aura dhAraNAzakti ko koTi-koTi nmn| ___sUtra 21 - cAra nikAya ke sabhI devoM aura sampUrNa nArakiyoM ke bhava ko hI kAraNa mAna kara bhavapratyaya avadhizAna ho jAtA hai| samyagdarzana kI sannidhi meM hI yaha avadhijJAna hai anyathA vibhaGgajJAna hai| saMyama ke abhAva meM inako guNapratyaya avadhijJAna nahIM hotA kyoMki deva aura nArakiyoM ke sadA apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa karma kA udaya banA rahatA hai| bahiraMga kAraNa (bhava) eka samAna hone para bhI antaraMga kSayopazama kI jAti kA vizeSa bheda hone se bhinna-bhinna devoM meM aura bhinna-bhinna nArakiyoM meM aneka prakAra kA dezAvadhijJAna hojAtA hai| sUtra 22 - kSayopazama ko nimitta pAkara zeSa yAnI kucha manuSya, tiryaMcoM meM gaNapratyaya avadhijJAna hotA hai| isake chaha prakAra ke vikalpa haiM - anugAmI, ananugAmI, varddhamAna, hIyamAna, avasthita aura anvsthit| pratipAta aura apratipAta ina do bhedoM kA inhIM chaha bhedoM meM antarbhAva kara diyA jAtA hai| yahA~ avadhijJAna kA prakaraNa pUrNa hotA hai| _____sUtra 23 - manaHparyaya jJAna do bheda vAlA hai Rjumati aura vipulmti| manaHparyaya kA pradhAna kAraNa kSayopazamaviziSTa AtmA hai, dUsare kA yA apanA mana to avalamba mAtra hai| Rjumati mana:paryaya sAta - ATha yojana dara taka ke padArthoM kA vizada pratyakSa kara letA hai aura vipalamati to catarasra manuSyaloka meM sthita ho rahe padArthoM ko pratyakSa jAna letA hai| dravya kI apekSA mana:paryayajJAnI kArmaNa dravya ke anantaveM bhAga ko jAnatA hai| - sUtra 24 - mana:paryayajJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama hone para AtmA kI jo prasannatA hai, vaha vizuddhi mohanIyakarma kA udreka nahIM hone ke kAraNa saMyamazikhara se patana nahIM honA apratipAta hai| ina do dharmoM se Rjumati
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 6 aura vipulamati meM jJAna kA vizeSa hai| Rjumati kI vizuddhatA se vipulamati kI vizuddhi bar3hI huI hai| vipulamati guNazreNiyoM meM uttarottara car3hatA hI calA jAtA hai kintu Rjumati kA guNazreNI se adhoguNasthAna meM patana ho jAtA hai. upazama zreNI se giranA anivArya hai| zreNiyoM meM upayogAtmaka to zratajJAna varta rahA hai| ekAgra kiye gaye aneka zrutajJAnoM kA samudAya dhyAna hai| ata: mokSopayogI to zrutajJAna hai| phira bhI ina jJAnoM-avadhi, mana:paryaya ke sadbhAva kA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| sUtra 25 - vizuddhi, jJeyAdhikaraNa, svAmI aura viSaya kI apekSA avadhijJAna aura mana:paryayajJAna meM antara hai| vizuddhi meM mana:paryaya avadhi se adhika vizuddhi vAlA hai| kSetra kI apekSA avadhi hI mana:paryaya se pradhAna hai| dezAvadhi kA hI kSetra loka hai| paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi to asaMkhyAta lokoM meM bhI yadi rUpI padArtha vidyamAna hoM to unako bhI jAna sakatI haiN| svAmI kI apekSA manaHparyaya kA svAmI vizeSa hai| manaHparyaya ke viSaya sUkSma haiN| saMkhyA meM avadhijJAna ke viSaya atyadhika haiN| sUtra 26 - jIvAdi chahoM dravyoM meM tathA ina dravyoM kI katipaya paryAyoM meM matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kA viSaya niyata hai| kevala paryAyoM athavA kevala dravyoM ko hI viSaya karane vAle donoM jJAna nahIM haiN| ye donoM antaraMga aura bahiraMga arthoM ko jAnate haiN| yahA~ AcAryazrI ne bauddhoM ke vijJAnAdvaita kA pratyAkhyAna kara anekAnta ko siddha kiyA hai| zrutajJAna anekAntasvarUpa vastu kA acchA prakAzaka hai aura pramANa hai| dravya aura paryAya donoM vAstavika padArtha haiN| viziSTa rUpa se jJAnAvaraNa kA vinAza nahIM hone ke kAraNa ananta paryAyoM ko mati aura zruta nahIM jAna sakate haiN| phira bhI jIvoM meM laghukITa se lekara prakANDa paNDitoM taka meM ina donoM jJAnoM kA hI vartamAna meM vistAra hai| sUtra 27 - avadhijJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama anusAra rUpI dravya aura unakI katipaya paryAyoM ko avadhijJAna jAna sakatA hai| amUrtadravya aura ananta paryAyoM ko nahIM jAna pAtA hai| __ sUtra 28 - ananta paramANuvAle kArmANadravya ke anantaveM bhAga ko sarvAvadhijJAna jAna letA hai, usake bhI anantaveM bhAga svarUpa choTe pudgalaskandha ko dravya kI apekSA mana:paryayajJAna jAna letA hai| isa prakAra sva para mana meM sthita ho rahe manuSyaloka meM vidyamAna sUkSma skandha taka choTe-bar3e rUpI padArthoM ko aura unakI katipaya paryAyoM ko manaHparyayajJAna pratyakSa kara letA hai| sUtra 29 - sampUrNa dravya aura unakI sampUrNa paryAyeM kevalajJAna kA viSaya haiN| kevala upayoga meM A rahe yA saMsAra aura mokSatattva ke jJAna meM upayogI thor3e se padArthoM ko jAna lene mAtra se sarvajJa nahIM ho sakatA hai| heya aura upAdeya katipaya tattvoM ko jAna lene se bhI sarvajJapanA iSTa nahIM hai| jJAna kA svabhAva sampUrNa padArthoM ko jAnanA hai| yahA~ AcAryazrI ne nAstikoM aura mImAMsakoM ke kutarkoM kA khaNDana kara sarvajJatA kI siddhi kI hai| yaha jJAna indriyoM kI sahAyatA kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA aura krama se hone vAlA bhI nahIM hai| sUtra 30 - eka AtmA meM eka hI samaya meM eka ko Adi lekara bhAjyasvarUpa cAra jJAna taka ho sakate haiN| arthAt AtmA kI jJAnahIna rahane kI koI avasthA nahIM hai| cAhe vigraha gati meM ho athavA sUkSma nigodiyA ke zarIra meM ho usake koI-na-koI eka jJAna to avazya hogaa| tathA eka samaya meM cAra jJAnoM se adhika labdhisvarUpa jJAna nahIM ho sakate haiN| eka sAtha pA~ca jJAna kaise bhI nahIM ho sakate haiN| chadmastha jIvoM ke eka samaya meM do upayoga nahIM hote haiM, isa para AcAryazrI ne acchA vicAra kiyA hai| kSAyopazamika jJAna krama se hI hote haiN| yahA~ bauddhoM kI yuktiyoM se hI jaina siddhAnta ko puSTa kiyA gayA hai| sUtra 31 - matijJAna, zrutajJAna aura avadhijJAna ye viparIta bhI ho jAte haiN| AtmA ke samyagdarzana guNa kA vibhAva pariNamana ho jAne para ina tInoM jJAnoM kA viparyayapanA siddha hotA hai| AcAryazrI ne isa tathya ko dRSTAntoM se puSTa kiyA hai| kUTastha AtmA kA nirAkaraNa kara use pariNamanazIla siddha kiyA hai| saMsArastha anantAnanta jIva
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika*7 to mithyAdRSTi avasthA meM mithyAjJAnoM se ghire hue hI haiN| vartamAna kAla kI apekSA asaMkhyAta jIvoM ke bhI samyagdarzana ho cukane para punaH mithyAtva yA anantAnubandhI ke udaya ho jAne se yathAyogya tIna jJAna viparyayasvarUpa ho jAte haiN| mana:paryayajJAna aura kevalajJAna samIcIna hI hote haiN| sUtra 32 - sat arthAt vidyamAna aura asat arthAt avidyamAna kA bheda na karake jaba jaisA jI meM AyA vaisA grahaNa karane ke kAraNa unmatta kI taraha jJAna bhI ajJAna hotA hai| isa sambandha meM sabhI pracalita dArzanika mAnyatAoM para gambhIra vicAra kara unakA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai aura syAdvAda siddhAnta kI siddhi kI hai| sAdi ananta kevalajJAna kA apUrvArthapanA sAdhA gayA hai| mana:paryayajJAna bhI viparIta nahIM hotaa| avadhijJAnoM meM kevala dezAvadhi hI kadAcit mithyAtva kA udaya ho jAne se viparyaya rUpa ho jAtI haiM, paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi viparyaya nahIM haiN| yahA~ caturtha Ahnika pUrNa hotA hai| sUtra 33 - adhigama ke do upAya pramANa aura naya pahale kahe the| pramANa kA vistAra se varNana karane ke bAda nayoM kA kathana karane ke lie yaha sUtra kahA hai| saMkSepa se naya do haiM- dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika / vyArthika naya ke tIna bheda haiM - naigama, saMgraha, vyvhaar| paryAyArthika naya ke cAra bheda haiM - RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evNbhuut| RjusUtra paryanta cAra naya arthanaya mAne gaye haiM zeSa naya zabdanaya haiN| pUrva-pUrva naya kAraNAtmaka hone se bahuviSaya haiM aura uttara-uttara naya sUkSma viSaya haiN| uttarottara sUkSma viSaya hone se ina nayoM kA yaha krama hai| praya gauNatA aura pradhAnatA se paraspara meM baddha hue samyagdarzana meM hetu hote haiN| nirapekSa naya mithyA naya ho jAte haiM taba samyagdarzana vaha utpatti karAne meM sahAyaka nahIM hote| dravya kI vartamAna pariNati usakI vyakta paryAya hai| dravyaparyAya eka kAla meM eka hI hotI hai - ise 'kramavartIparyAyAH sahavartIguNAH' kaha kara samajhAyA gayA hai| guNa dravya se pRthak nahIM rahate isalie unheM viSaya karane vAlA tIsarA guNArthika naya nahIM hai| AcAryazrI ne pramANasaptabhaMgI ke samAna nayasaptabhaMgI kI vyAkhyA kI hai| isa prakAra zrI vidyAnanda svAmI ne bheda-prabheda karate hae nayoM kA samIcIna vyAkhyAna kiyA hai aura vistAra se vizeSa jAnane ke lie 'nayacakra' grantha ko dekhane kA parAmarza diyA hai| tattvArthAdhigamabhedaH - yadyapi mUla sUtrakAra AcArya umAsvAmI ne "pramANanayairadhigamaH' "nirdezasvAmitva." "satsaMkhyA." ina sUtroM se tattvArthoM kA adhigama honA kaha diyA hai kintu AgrahapUrvaka ekAntoM kA ghoSa kara rahe naiyAyika, bauddha, abhimAnika Adi vAdiyoM ke sAtha zAstrArtha kara bhinna-bhinnarUpa se unako syAdvAdiyoM dvArA tattvArthoM kA adhigama karAne ke lie upayogI yaha 'tattvArthAdhigama' nAmaka pANDityapUrNa prakaraNa svayaM zrI vidyAnanda svAmI dvArA racita hai| isameM racanAkAra ne tattva nirNaya kI rakSArtha ekAntavAdiyoM dvArA prayukta nigrahasthAnoM kI gahana samIkSA karate hue unheM sarvathA anucita siddha kiyA hai aura sthApanA kI hai ki svapakSa kI siddhi aura usakI asiddhi karake hI jaya parAjaya vyavasthA niyata hai| svapakSa kI siddhi karanA hI dUsare kA nigraha ho jAnA hai| yaha akalaMka rIti hI prazasta hai| ... tattva nirNaya karane ke lie kiye gaye vAda meM pratijJAhAni, pratijJAntara, pratijJAvirodha, pratijJAsaMnyAsa athavA ananubhASaNa, paryanuyojyopekSaNa, apratibhA, vikSepa, avijJAtArtha, hetvantara, dRSTAntAntara (naiyAyika) athavA asAdhanAGga vacana aura adoSodbhAvana (bauddha), tAttvika, prAtibha (abhimAnika vAda) inase jaise nigraha nahIM ho pAtA hai usI prakAra mithyA uttara svarUpa aneka jAtiyoM (caubIsa Adi) se bhI nigraha nahIM hotA hai| chala (vAkchala, sAmAnya chala, upacAra chala), jAtiyA~ (sAdharmyasamA, vaidharmyasamA Adi 24 jAtiyA~ nyAyadarzana meM kathita) Adi nigrahasthAnoM dvArA jina jalpa, vitaNDA nAmaka zAstroM meM sAdhana aura ulAhane diye jAte haiM unase
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 28 bhI tattvanirNaya kI rakSA nahIM ho pAtI hai| isa prakAra AcAryazrI ne ekAntavAdiyoM kA vizvasanIya zailI meM satarka khaNDana kiyA hai| Arambha meM saMvAda aura vAda kI paribhASA dI hai| rAgadveSarahita vItarAga puruSoM meM jo vacanoM dvArA parArthAdhigama karAyA jAtA hai, vaha saMvAda hai aura paraspara jItane kI icchA rakhane vAloM meM parArthAdhigama pravartatA hai, vaha vAda kahA jAtA hai| saMvAda meM caturaMga kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kintu vAda meM vAdI, prativAdI, sabhya aura sabhApati ina cAra aMgoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| isa prakAra yaha prakaraNa zAstrArtha kI pravidhi para pANDityapUrNa vivacena hai| isI ke sAtha paMcama Ahnika (prakaraNa samudAya) pUrNa hotA hai| isa prakAra isa khaNDa meM avadhijJAna, manaHparyayajJAna, eka sAtha kitane jJAna, mithyAjJAna ke bheda va hetu tathA naya ke bheda sambandhI aneka prameyoM kI kula 401 vArtikoM meM vyAkhyA hai| tattvArthAdhigamabheda 471 vArtikoM sahita AcAryazrI kI svataMtra pANDityapUrNa racanA hai| isase vArtikakAra aura TIkAkAra kI agAdha vidvattA kA patA lagatA hai| sUtrakAra ne to gAgara meM sAgara bharA hI hai| pariziSTa meM zlokAnukramaNikA saMlagna hai| AbhAra : maiM pUjya gaNinI AryikAzrI supArzvamatI mAtAjI ke zrIcaraNoM meM savinaya vandAmi nivedana karatA huuN| Apane apanI abhIkSNa jJAnArAdhanA aura tapa:sAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa isa jaTila dArzanika saMskRta grantha kA hindI anuvAda kiyA hai aura isake sampAdana-prakAzana karma meM mujhe saMlagna kara mujha para apAra kRpA kI hai| maiM ApakA AbhArI huuN| yathAzIghra prakAzana hetu satata preraNA karane vAlI pUjya AryikA gauravamatI mAtAjI ke caraNoM meM savinaya vandAmi nivedana karatA huuN| ___paM. motIcandajI koThArI dvArA taiyAra kI huI pANDulipi se bhI mUla saMskRta pATha kA milAna kiyA hai ataeva maiM unakA bhI AbhArI huuN| isa mahattvapUrNa AdhyAtmika grantha ke saphala bhASyakAra tarkaratna, siddhAntamahodadhi, syAdvAdavAridhi, dArzanikaziromaNi, nyAyadivAkara zraddheya paM. mANakacanda jI kaundeya, nyAyAcArya ne AcArya vidyAnanda kI isa kRti para aneka varSoM taka athaka parizrama para 'tattvArthacintAmaNi' nAmaka bhASATIkA racI hai, jisakA svAdhyAya kara vijJa vidvadjana ne lAbha prApta kiyA hai| isa TIkA se prastuta saMskaraNa ko sa~vArane meM apratima sahAyatA milI hai| prastuta khaNDa meM aneka sthaloM para to 'tattvArtha cintAmaNi' kA hI anukaraNa-anusaraNa kiyA hai| ___grantha ke prakAzaka zrImAn pannAlAlajI pATanI evaM parivAra ko hArdika dhanyavAda detA huuN| kampyUTara kArya ke lie nidhi kampyUTarsa ke DaoN. kSemaMkara va unake sahayogiyoM ko hArdika dhanyavAda detA huuN| surucipUrNa mohaka mudraNa ke lie hindustAna priMTiMga hAusa, jodhapura dhanyavAdArha hai| ___ samyagjJAna ke isa mahadanuSThAna meM yatkiMcit sahayoga dene vAle sabhI bhavyoM ke prati hArdika AbhAra vyakta karatA hU~ aura sampAdana va prastutIkaraNa meM rahI bhUloM ke lie svAdhyAyI bandhuoM se savinaya kSamAyAcanA karatA 54-55 indrA vihAra nyU paoNvara hAusa roDa, jodhapura-342003 dIpamAlikA parva vIra nirvANa saMvat 2537 vinIta DaoN. cetanaprakAza pATanI
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 1 - bhavapratyayo'vadhirdevanArakANAm // 21 // kiM punaH kurvannidamAvedayatItyAha;bhavapratyaya ityaadisuutrmaahaavdherbhiH| kAraNaM kathayannekaM svAmibhedavyapekSayA // 1 // devanArakANAM bhavabhedAtkathaM bhavastadavadherekaM kAraNamiti na codyaM bhavasAmAnyasyaikatvAvirodhAt / kathaM bahiraMgakAraNaM bhavastasyAtmaparyAyatvAditi cet / nAmAyurudayApekSo nuH paryAyo bhavaH smRtH| sa bahiHpratyayo yasya sa bhvprtyyo'vdhiH||2|| parokSabhUta matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kA kathana karake zrI umA svAmI aba kramaprApta avadhijJAna kA vyAkhyAna karane ke lie sUtra kahate haiM - . bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna devoM aura nArakiyoM ke hotA hai||21|| dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI maryAdA se rUpI padArthoM ko jAnanA avadhijJAna hai| yaha sUtra kisalie banAyA hai? aisA pUchane para kahate haiM - avadhijJAna ke deva aura nArakI ina do adhipatiyoM ke bhedoM kI vizeSa apekSA nahIM karake avadhijJAna ke kevala bahiraMga eka kAraNa kA kathana karate hue zrI umAsvAmI ne "bhavapratyayo'vadhidevanArakANAM" isa sUtra kA kathana kiyA hai arthAt bhinna do svAmiyoM ke sAmAnyarUpa se eka bahiraMga kAraNa dvArA hue avadhijJAna kA pratipAdaka yaha sUtra hai||1|| zaMkA - devoM kI utpatti, sthiti, sukha Adi bhava kI prakriyA bhinna hai aura nArakiyoM kI utpatti, duHkha bhoganA, naraka Ayu kA udaya Adi bhava kI paddhati bhinna hai| isa prakAra deva aura nArakiyoM ke bhavoM meM bheda hai, to sUtrakAra ne una donoM ke avadhijJAna kA eka kAraNa bhava hI kaise kaha diyA hai? __samAdhAna - isa prakAra zaMkA karanA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki sAmAnya rUpa se bhava ke ekapana kA koI virodha nahIM hai arthAt upapAda janma kI apekSA donoM eka haiN| zaMkA - bhava avadhijJAna kA bahiraMga kAraNa kaise ho sakatA hai? kyoMki bhava to jIvadravya kI paryAya hai arthAt jIva ke bhavavipAkI AyuSyakarma kA udaya hone para jIva ko upAdAna kAraNa mAnakara jIva kI bhavaparyAya hotI hai| ___samAdhAna - gati nAmaka nAmakarma aura Ayukarma ke udaya kI apekSA rakhane vAle jIva (AtmA) kI paryAya ko bhava kahA gayA hai| jisa avadhijJAna kA bahiraMga kAraNa bhava hai, vaha jJAna bhavapratyaya avadhi kahalAtA h||2||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika *2 bahiraMgasya devagatinAmakarmaNo devaayussshcodyaaddevbhvH| tathA narakagatinAmakarmaNo narakAyuSazcodayAnarakabhava iti / tasya bahiraMgatAtmaparyAyatve'pi na viruddhaa| kathamatrAvadhAraNaM, devanArakANAmeva bhavapratyayo'vadhiriti vA bhavapratyaya eva devanArakANAmiti? ubhayathApyadoSa ityAha; ye'grato'tra pravakSyante prANino devnaarkaaH| teSAmevAyamityarthAnnAnyeSAM bhvkaarnnH||3|| bhavapratyaya eveti niyamAnna gunnodbhvH| saMyamAdiguNAbhAvAddevanArakadehinAm // 4 // nanvevamavadhAraNe'vadhau jJAnAvaraNakSayopazamaheturapi na bhavedityAzaMkAmapanudati bahiraMga devagati nAmaka nAmakarma aura AyuSyakarma ke udaya se AtmA ko devabhava hotA hai tathA narakagati nAmaka nAmakarma aura naraka Ayu ina do bahiraMga kAraNoM ke udaya se AtmA kI narakabhava paryAya . hotI hai| isa prakAra usa bhava ko AtmA kA paryAyapanA hone para bhI bahiraMga kAraNapanA viruddha nahIM hai| zaMkA - deva aura nArakI jIvoM ke hI bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna hotA hai athavA bhavapratyaya avadhi hI deva aura nArakiyoM ke hotI hai? aisA abhimata hai, ina donoM meM kaisI avadhAraNA hai? samAdhAna - donoM prakAroM se avadhAraNa karane para koI doSa nahIM AtA hai| isI bAta ko AcArya spaSTa karate haiM - isI tattvArthasUtra grantha meM Age tIsare, cauthe adhyAya meM jo prANI nArakI.aura deva kahe jAyeMge, una prANiyoM ke hI bhava ko kAraNa mAna kara utpanna hone vAlA avadhijJAna hotA hai| anya manuSya yA tiryaMca prANiyoM ke bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna nahIM hotA hai| aisI avadhAraNA ko anvitakara artha kara dene se deva, nArakiyoM ke atirikta anya prANiyoM meM bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna kA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai||3|| ___bhavapratyaya hI avadhijJAna deva, nArakiyoM ke hotA hai| isa prakAra dUsarA niyama kara dene se deva aura nArakiyoM ke guNa se utpanna kSayopazamanimitta avadhijJAna kA niSedha ho jAtA hai| kyoMki deva aura nArakiyoM ke sadA apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa karma kA udaya banA rahane ke kAraNa saMyama, dezasaMyama aura zreNI Adi ke bhAvasvarUpa guNoM kA abhAva hone se vaikriyika zarIradhArI devanArakiyoM ke guNapratyaya avadhijJAna nahIM hotA hai||4|| devanArakiyoM ke avadhijJAna meM bhavapratyaya kI hI yadi avadhAraNA kI jAegI, taba to jJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama bhI usa avadhijJAna kA hetu nahIM ho sakegA? isa prakAra kI AzaMkA kA zrI vidyAnaMda svAmI vArttikoM se nirAkaraNa karate haiM - ___ "bhavapratyaya eva" aisA kaha dene se avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke karma ke kSayopazama kI hetutA kA vyavaccheda ho jAne kA prasaMga nahIM AtA hai, kyoMki kSayopazama ke apratiyogIpana kA nirNaya ho cukA hai arthAt avadhAraNa dvArA vipakSabhUta pratiyogiyoM kA nivAraNa huA karatA hai| bhAvArtha - bhavapratyaya kA pratiyogI bhavapratyayAbhAva yA saMyama Adi guNa haiN| ataH bhavapratyaya hI' aisA avadhAraNa karane para bhavapratyayAbhAva kA hI nivAraNa hotA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika *3 naavdhijnyaanvRtkrmkssyopshmhetutaa| vyavacchedyA prasajyetApratiyogitvanirNayAt // 5 // bAhyau hi pratyayAvatrAkhyAtau bhavaguNau tyoH| pratiyogitvamityekaniyamAdanyavicchide // 6 // yathaiva hi caitro dhanurddhara evetyatrAyogavyavacchede'pyadhAnurddharyasya vyavacchedo nApANDityAdestasya tdprtiyogitvaat| kiM caitro dhanurddharaH kiM vAyamadhanurddhara iti AzaMkAyAM dhAnurddharyetarayoreva pratiyogitvAddhAnurddharyaniyatenAdhAnurddharyaM vyvcchidyte| tathA kimavadhirbhavapratyaya kiM vA guNapratyaya iti bahiraMgakAraNayorbhavaguNayoH parasparaM pratiyoginoH zaMkAyAmekatarasya bhavasya kAraNatvena niyame guNakAraNatvaM vyavacchidyate / na avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama ko kAraNatA kA vyavaccheda nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki una do prakAra vAle avadhijJAnoM ke bahiraMga kAraNa ke prakaraNa meM bhava aura guNa ye do kahe gaye haiN| ataH bhava aura guNa paraspara eka dUsare ke pratiyogI haiN| isa kAraNa zeSaM anya kA vyavaccheda karane ke lie eka kA niyama kara diyA jAtA hai arthAt jisa deva yA nArakI ke bhava ko kAraNa mAnakara avadhijJAna utpanna huA hai, usameM saMyama Adi guNa kAraNa nahIM haiM kintu avadhijJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama kAraNa avazya hai| guNa to bahiraMgakAraNa hai aura kSayopazama antaraMga kAraNa hai| ataH bhava ke pratiyogI bahiraMgakAraNa guNa kA deva nArakiyoM ke avadhijJAna meM niSedha hai| kintu apratiyogI kSayopazama kA niSedha nahIM kiyA gayA hai||5-6|| evakAra tIna prakAra kA hotA hai| ayoga vyavaccheda, anyayogavyavaccheda tathA atyantAyogavyavaccheda / isa prakaraNa meM yaha kahanA hai ki caitra vidyArthI dhanuSadhArI hI hai| isa prayoga meM jisa prakAra ayoga kA vyavaccheda hone para bhI caitra ke adhanurdhArIpane kA hI pratiSedha ho jAtA hai, kintu caitra ke apaNDitapana Adi kA vyavaccheda nahIM hotA hai kyoMki usa dhanuSadhArI caitra ke ve apaNDitapana Adi pratiyogI nahIM haiM arthAt apratiyogI hai| yahA~ pratiyogI to dhanuSadhArI rahitapanA hI hai| caitra kyA dhanuSadhArI hai? athavA kyA yaha caitra dhanuSadhArI nahIM hai? isa prakAra AzaMkA hone para dhanuSadhArIpana aura dhanuSarahitapana, ina donoM kA hI pratiyogIpana niyata ho rahA hai| - jaba caitra dhanuSadhArI hai, isa prakAra niyama kara diyA jAtA hai, to usa niyama se caitra ke dhanuSa dhAraNa nahIM karane kA vyavaccheda ho jAtA hai| usI prakAra yahA~ avadhijJAna meM samajhanA caahie| avadhijJAna kyA bhava ko kAraNa mAnakara utpanna hotA hai? athavA guNa kA nimittakAraNa pAkara utpanna hotA hai? isa prakAra bahiraMga kAraNa paraspara eka dUsare ke pratiyogI bhava aura guNa kI zaMkA hone para punaH donoM meM se eka bhava kA kAraNapana karake niyama kara dene para deva nArakoM ke avadhijJAna meM guNa ko kAraNa mAnakara utpanna honA vyavacchinna kara diyA gayA hai kintu phira avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke vizeSa kSayopazamarUpa kAraNa kA niSedha nahIM kiyA gayA hai kyoMki kSetra, kAla, AtmA Adi ke samAna vaha kSayopazama to usa bhavasvarUpa bahiraMga kAraNa kA pratiyogI nahIM hai| bhava kA niyama kara dene para yadi guNa ke samAna usa kSayopazama kA bhI evakAra dvArA vyavaccheda kara diyA jAyegA taba to bhava ko sAdhAraNakAraNapanA ho jAne se sampUrNa bhavadhArI prANiyoM ke sAdhAraNarUpa se avadhijJAna hone kA prasaMga AegA; kintu saba jIvoM kA sAdhAraNa avadhijJAnapanA iSTa nahIM hai arthAt -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 4 punaravadhijJAnAvaraNa- kSayopazamavizeSaH kSetrakAlAdivattasya tadapratiyogitvAt / tadvyavacchede bhavasya sAdhAraNatvAtsarveSAM sAdhAraNo'vadhiH prsjyet| tccaanissttmev| parihataM ca bhvtiityaah| pratyayasyAntarasyAtastatkSayopazamAtmanaH / pratyagbhedo'vadheryukto bhavAbhede'pi cAGginAm // 7 // kuta: punarbhavAbhede'pi devanArakANAmavadhijJAnAvaraNakSayopazamabheda: siddhyet iti cet, svshuddhibhedaat| so'pi janmAntaropapattivizuddhibhAvAt, naabhedaat| so'pi svkaarnnbhedaat| iti na paryanuyogo vidheyaH kAraNavizeSaparamparAyAH sarvatrAparyanuyogArhatvAt / kSayopazamanimittaH SaDvikalpaH shessaannaam||22|| devanArakiyoM ke bhI antaraMga kAraNa kSayopazama vidyamAna hai| tabhI bahiraMga kAraNa bhava ko mAnakara sabhI devanArakiyoM ke avadhijJAna yA vibhaMgajJAna ekasA nahIM hotA hai| usa avadhijJAna ko deva aura nArakiyoM ke. eka samAna mAnanA aniSTa hai| usI kA parihAra karane ke lie AcArya kahate haiM - antaraMga meM hone vAle usa avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama kAraNasvarUpa deva aura nArakiyoM meM pRthak pRthak bheda haiN| ata: deva aura nArakiyoM ke sAdhAraNa bahiraMga kAraNa bhava kA abheda hone para bhI bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA kSayopazama hone se avadhijJAna meM bheda hai| eka samAna avadhijJAna nahIM hai // 7 // zaMkA - bhava kA abheda hone para bhI phira deva aura nArakiyoM ke avadhijJAnAvaraNa karma sambandhI kSayopazama kA bheda kisa kAraNa se siddha hotA hai? samAdhAna - apanI-apanI AtmA kI zuddhi ke bheda se kSayopazama meM bheda ho jAtA hai| aneka janmAntaroM meM utpanna vizuddhiyoM ke sadbhAva se jIvoM ke bhinna-bhinna zuddhi ho jAtI hai| abhinna kAraNa se bhinnabhinna kAryoM kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI hai| kAryabheda hai to kAraNabheda avazya hotA hai| vaha vizuddhi yA puruSArtha Adi ke bheda bhI apane-apane kAraNoM ke bheda se hote haiN| isa prakAra prazna paramparA uThAnA yogya nahIM hai| kyoMki kAraNa vizeSoM kI paramparA sarvatra paryanuyoga zaMkA uThAne ke yogya nahIM mAnI gaI hai| arthAt-devoM meM avadhijJAna ke svabhAva bhedoM kI prApti meM janmAntara ke kucha pariNAma bhI upayogI hote haiM ataH devoM meM avadhijJAna bhedayukta hotA hai| AtmA ke puruSArtha yA kAraNoM se vizuddhi ke bheda hone se kSayopazama kA bheda ho jAne para jJAnabheda ho jAtA hai| ina pramANaprasiddha kAryakAraNa bhAvoM meM kucodya' (jhUThI zaMkA) nahIM uThAnA caahie| yadi bhavapratyaya avadhi deva, nArakiyoM ke hai to kSayopazama nimitta avadhi kinake hotI hai? isa prakAra kI jijJAsA kA uttara hai - zeSa tiryaMca aura manuSyoM ke kSayopazama ke nimitta se hone vAlA chaha vikalpavAlA avadhijJAna hotA hai||22||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 5 kimarthamidamityAha;guNahetuH sa keSAM syAt kiyadbheda itIritum / prAha sUtraM kSayetyAdi sNkssepaadissttsNvide||1|| kaH punaratra kSayaH kazcopazamaH kazca kSayopazama ityAhakSayaheturityAkhyAtaH kSayaH kssaayiksNymH| saMyatasya guNaH pUrvaM samabhyarhitavigrahaH // 2 // tathA cAritramohasyopazamAdudbhavannayam / kathyetopazamo hetorupacArastvayaM phale // 3 // kSayopazamato jAtaH kSayopazama ucyte| saMyamAsaMyamo'pIti vAkyabhedAdvivicyate // 4 // isa sUtra kI racanA kisa lie kI gaI ha? aisA pUchane para kahate haiM - guNoM ko kAraNa mAnakara utpanna hone vAlA vaha dUsarA avadhijJAna kina jIvoM ke hotA hai? tathA usake kitane bheda haiM? isa bAta kA pradarzana karane ke lie zrI umAsvAmI ne "kSayopazamanimittaH SaDvikalpa: zeSANAm" isa prakAra sUtra ko saMkSepa meM abhipreta artha kA jJAna karAne ke lie kahA hai||1|| isa prakaraNa meM phira kSaya kyA padArtha hai? aura upazama kyA hai? tathA donoM se mile hue kSayopazama svabhAva kA lakSaNa kyA hai? isa prakAra jijJAsA hone para AcArya kahate haiM - pratipakSI karmoM kA kSaya jisa saMyama kA hetu hai, vaha cAritra mohanIya karma ke kSaya se utpanna hone vAlA kSAyika saMyama 'kSaya' zabda se kahA gayA hai| arthAt vratoM kA dhAraNa, samitiyoM kA pAlana, kaSAyoM kA nigraha, mana, vacana, kAya kI uddaNDa pravRttiyoM kA tyAga, indriyoM para vijaya aise saMyama ko dhArane vAle sAdhuoM kA yaha kSAyika saMyamaguNa hai| guNa ko kAraNa mAnakara kisI-kisI muni ke avadhijJAna ho jAtA hai| dvandva samAsa meM kSayopazama zabda meM pUjita aura alpasvara hone ke kAraNa kSayapada pahale prayukta kiyA gayA hai||2|| cAritra mohanIya karma ke upazama se utpanna bhAva upazama kahA jAtA hai jo ki upazama cAritra kinhIM saMyamI puruSoM kA guNa hai| isa upazama bhAva ko nimitta mAnakara kinhIM muniyoM ke avadhijJAna ho jAtA hai| isa prakaraNa meM upazama aura kSaya zabdoM se tajjanyabhAva pakar3e gae haiN| ata: yaha hetu kA phala meM upacAra hai| arthAt kAraNoM meM kSayapanA yA upazamapanA hai, kintu kSaya aura upazama se janya kSAyika saMyama aura aupazamika saMyamasvarUpa sAdhuguNoM ko kSaya aura upazama kaha diyA gayA hai||3|| pratipakSI karmoM kI sarvaghAti prakRtiyoM kA kSaya aura Age udaya Ane vAlI sarvaghAti prakRtiyoM kA vartamAna meM upazama tathA dezaghAti prakRtiyoM kA udaya, isa prakAra ke kSayopazama se utpanna huA bhAva kSayopazama kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ bhI kAraNa kA kArya meM upacAra hai| saMyamAsaMyama bhAva bhI kSayopazama hai| isa prakAra kSaya, upazama aura kSayopazama, inake vAkyoM ke bheda se kSayopazama zabda kA vivecana kiyA hai||4||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 6 kSayanimitto'vadhi: zeSANAmupazamanimittaH kSayopazamanimitta iti vAkyabhedAtkSAyikaupazamikakSAyopazamikasaMyamaguNanimittasyAvadhiravagamyate / kArye kAraNopacArAt kSayAdInAM kSAyikasaMyamAdiSUpacAra: tthaabhidhaanopptteH|| kimarthaM mukhyazabdAnabhidhAnamityAha kSAyopazama ityantaraMgo heturnigdyte| yadi veti pratItyarthaM mukhyazabdAprakIrtanam // 5 // teneha prAcyavijJAne vakSyamANe ca bhedini / kSayopazamahetutvAtsUtritaM saMpratIyate // 6 // kSayopazama ityantaraMgo hetuH sAmAnyenAbhidhIyamAnastadAvaraNApekSayA vyavatiSThate sa ca sakalakSAyopazamikajJAnabhedAnAM sAdhAraNa iti| yatheha SaDvidhasyAvadhenimittaM tathA pUrvatra bhavapratyaye'vadhau zrute matau devoM aura nArakiyoM se avaziSTa kinhIM manuSyoM ke karma prakRtiyoM ke kSaya ko bAhya nimitta mAnakara avadhijJAna hotA hai, aura kinhIM manuSyoM ke upazama ko bahiraMga nimitta kAraNa mAnakara avadhijJAna ho jAtA hai| tathA katipaya manuSya-tiryaMcoM ke kSayopazamasvarUpa bahiraMgakAraNa se avadhijJAna ho jAtA hai| " ___ isa prakAra sUtrastha kSayopazama isa pada ke tIna bheda kara dene se kSAyikasaMyama, aupazamikasaMyama aura kSAyopazamikasaMyama-ina tIna guNoM ke kAraNa bahiraMga nimitta se jIvoM ke avadhijJAna honA samajha liyA jAtA hai| kArya meM kAraNa kA upacAra ho jAne se kSaya, upazama Adi karma sambandhI bhAvoM kA kSAyikasaMyama, upazamasaMyama aura kSAyopazamika saMyama-ina tIna saMyamI AtmA ke guNoM meM upacAra kara liyA gayA hai| isa prakAra kathana karanA yuktiyoM se siddha hai| mukhya zabdoM kA uccAraNa kyoM nahIM kiyA? arthAt cAritramohanIya ke kSaya, upazama aura kSayopazamasvarUpa nimittoM se avadhijJAna hotA hai, aisA spaSTa nirUpaNa karanA cAhie thaa| isa prakAra jijJAsA hone para AcArya kahate haiM isa sUtra se avadhijJAna kA antaraMga kAraNa jJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama hai, isa tattva kI pratipatti karAne ke lie hI mukhyazabda kA spaSTarUpa se uccAraNa nahIM kiyA hai ataH yahA~ zeSa jIvoM ke chaha bheda vAle avadhijJAna meM aura pUrva meM kahe gaye deva-nArakiyoM ke bhava pratyaya avadhijJAna meM tathA usase bhI pUrva meM kahe gae bhedayukta matijJAna, zrutajJAnoM meM aura bhaviSya meM kahe jAne vAle bheda sahita mana:paryaya jJAna meM jJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama ko antaraMga hetu mAnakara utpatti hotI hai| isa prakAra sUtra dvArA nirNIta kiyA gayA hai / / 5-6 // ___"kSayopazama' - isa pada ke svataMtra tIna bheda nahIM karane para jJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama isa prakAra eka antaraMga hetu hI sAmAnyarUpa se kahA gayA una jJAnoM ke AvaraNoM kI apekSA se vyavasthita ho jAtA hai, aura vaha kSayopazama to sampUrNa cAroM kSAyopazamika jJAna ke bhedoM kA sAdhAraNa kAraNa hai| isa prakAra bheda, prabheda sahita cAra jJAnoM ke sAmAnyarUpa se eka antaraMga kAraNa ko kahane kA bhI sUtrakAra kA abhiprAya hai| jisa prakAra prakRta sUtra meM anugAmI Adika chaha prakAra ke avadhijJAna kA sAdhAraNa antaraMganimitta kSayopazama vizeSa kahA gayA hai, usI prakAra pUrva meM kahe gaye bhava hetuka avadhijJAna meM aura usake pUrva kahe
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 7 caavsiiyte| vakSyamANe ca mana:paryaye sa eva tadAvaraNApekSayeti sUtritaM bhavati / mukhyasya zabdasyAzrayaNAtsarvatra bahiraMgakAraNapratipAdanAcca mukhyagauNazabdaprayogo yukto'nyathA gunnprtyysyaavdherprtiptteH| ke punaH zeSA ityAhazeSA manaSyatiryaJco vakSyamANAH prpNctH| te yataH pratipattavyA gtinaamaabhidhaashryaaH||7|| syAtteSAmavadhirbAhyaguNaheturitIraNAt / bhavaheturna so'stIti sAmarthyAdavadhAryate // 8 // teSAmeveti nirnniiterdevnaarkvicchidaa| kSayopazamahetuH sannityukte naavishesstH||9|| gaye zrutajJAna meM tathA usake bhI pUrva meM kahe gaye matijJAna meM bhI aMtaraMgakAraNa kSayopazama kA nirNaya kara liyA gayA hai| tathA, Age grantha meM kahe jAne vAle manaHparyaya jJAna meM bhI usa manaHparyayAvaraNa karma kI apekSA se utpanna huA vaha kSayopazama hI antaraMga kAraNa hai| parantu yahA~ vizeSatayA saMyama kI apekSA hai| . mukhya kSayopazama zabda kA Azraya kara lene aura sabhI jJAnoM meM bahiraMgakAraNoM kA pratipAdana karane se yahA~ mukhya zabda kA prayoga aura gauNa zabda kA prayoga karanA yuktisahita hai arthAt-mukhya zabda kA Azraya karane se saba jJAnoM ke antaraMga kAraNoM kA nirNaya ho jAtA hai aura upacarita kSayopazama zabda ke prayoga kara dene se manuSya tiryaMcoM kI avadhi kA bahiraMga kAraNa pratIta ho jAtA hai| anyathA (yAnI) upacarita zabda kA prayoga kiye binA kSAyikasaMyama Adi guNasvarUpa bahiraMga kAraNoM se utpanna hone vAle avadhijJAna kI pratIti nahIM ho sakatI thii| * isa prakAra zrI vidyAnanda AcArya ne isa sUtra ke bahiraMga kAraNoM ko pratipAdana karane vAlA bhASyaartha kara diyA hai| yaha sUtra guNapratyaya avadhi ke bahiraMga kAraNa aura cAroM jJAnoM ke antaraGgakAraNa kA bhI pratipAdaka hai| ___isa sUtra meM kahe gaye ve zeSa jIva phira kauna haiM jinake guNapratyaya avadhi hotI hai? isa prakAra jijJAsA hone para zrI vidyAnanda AcArya kahate haiM __pUrva sUtra meM kahe gaye deva aura nArakiyoM se avazeSa manuSya aura tiryaMca yahA~ zeSa pada se liye gaye haiN| agrima adhyAyoM meM vistAra se manuSya aura tiryaMcoM kA kathana kreNge| manuSya aura tiryaMca apane yogya manuSyagati aura tiryaMcagatinAmaka nAmakarma ke udaya se bhinna bhinna saMjJAoM kA Azraya lete haiN| gati nAmaka prakRti ke uttara bheda aneka haiN| ata: usa-usa gatikarma ke anusAra jIva manuSyoM aura tiryaMcoM ko samajha lenA cAhie // 7 // una katipaya manuSya tiryaMcoM ke avadhijJAna kA bahiraMga kAraNa saMyama Adi guNa haiN| isa prakAra niyama kara kathana kara dene se unake vaha bhavapratyaya avadhi nahIM hai, yaha mantavya binA kahe hI vacana ke sAmarthya se avadhArita kara liyA jAtA hai, kyoMki "kSayopazamanimitta eva zeSANAm" - isa prakAra pahalA evakAra avadhAraNa kara dene se zeSoM ke avadhijJAna meM bhava kA bahiraMgakAraNapanA niSiddha ho jAtA hai||8|| ___ "zeSANAmeva kSayopazamanimittaH" - una zeSoM ke hI guNa pratyaya avadhi hotI hai| isa prakAra evakAra dvArA uttaravartI nirNaya (niyama) kara dene se deva aura nAraka jIvoM kA vyavaccheda kara diyA jAtA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika*8 kSayopazamanimitta eva zeSANAmityavadhAraNAdbhavapratyayatvavyudAsaH / zeSANAmeva kSayopazamanimitta iti devanArakANAM niyamAttato nobhayathApyavadhAraNe doSo'sti / kSayopazamanimitto'vadhiH zeSANAmityubhayatrAnavadhAraNAca nAvizeSato'vadhistiryaGmanuSyANAmantaraGgasya tasya kAraNasya vizeSAt / tathA puurvtraanvdhaarnnaadbhirNgkaarnnaavyvcchedH| paratrAnavadhAraNAddevanArakAvyavacchedaH prasiddho bhvti|| SaDvikalpaH samastAnAM bhedaanaamupsNgrhaat| paramAgamasiddhAnAM yuktyA sambhAvitAtmanAm // 10 // anugAmyananugAmI varddhamAno hIyamAno'vasthito'navasthita iti SaDvikalpo'vadhiH avadhijJAnAvaraNakarma ke kSayopazamasvarUpa aMtaraMgakAraNa ko hetu mAnakara avadhijJAna hotA hai| isa prakAra kahane para sAmAnyarUpa se sabhI manuSya tiryaMcoM ke avadhijJAna ke sadbhAva kA niSedha siddha ho jAtA hai| kintu jina jIvoM ke aMtaraMgakAraNa kSayopazama hogA, unhIM ke avadhijJAna kA sadbhAva pAyA jAegA, anyoM ke nhiiN| aisA jAna liyA jAtA hai||9|| zeSa bace hue manuSya tiryaMcoM ke to bahiraMgakAraNa kSayopazama ko hI nimittaM mAna kara avadhijJAna hotA hai| isa prakAra avadhAraNa karane se zeSa jIvoM ke avadhijJAna meM bhavapratyayapane kI vyAvRtti ho jAtI hai aura zeSa jIvoM ke kSayopazamanimitta avadhi hotI hai| isa prakAra niyama karane se devanArakiyoM ke avadhijJAna meM / guNapratyayapane kA vyavaccheda ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra donoM prakAra-uddezya aura vidheya se avadhAraNa karane para koI doSa nahIM AtA hai; pratyuta guNa hI hai| tathA zeSa jIvoM ke avadhijJAna kSayopazama ko nimitta pAkara hotA hai| isa prakAra donoM hI prakAra se avadhAraNa nahIM karane se sabhI avadhijJAnI tiryaMca aura manuSyoM ko vizeSatAoM se rahita ekasA avadhi jJAna nahIM ho pAtA hai, kyoMki usa avadhijJAna ke aMtaraMgakAraNa jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama kI pratyeka jIva meM vizeSatAe~ haiN| pahale dala meM avadhAraNa nahIM karane se bahiraMgakAraNoM kA vyavaccheda nahIM ho sakatA hai| ata: evakAra lagA diyA jAtA to bahiraMga kAraNa kA bhI vyavaccheda ho jaataa| kintu guNa ko bahiraMgakAraNa isa sUtra dvArA avazya kahanA hai| ata: pahale dala meM tathA uttaradala meM avadhAraNa nahIM karane se deva aura nArakiyoM kA vyavaccheda nahIM hotA hai| bhAvArtha - zeSa rahe manuSya, tiryaMcoM ke samAna deva, nArakiyoM ke bhI avadhijJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama aMtaraMga kAraNa hai ata: donoM ora avadhAraNa nahIM karane se bhI prameya kA lAbha hotA hai| sarvajJakathita paramAgama meM prasiddha aura pUrvokta yuktiyoM se sambhAvitasvarUpa, dezAvadhi Adi sampUrNa bhedoM kA saMgraha ho jAne se avadhijJAna ke anugAmI Adika chaha vikalpa haiN| avadhijJAna ke anya bheda prabhedoM kA inhIM meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai||10|| anugAmI, ananugAmI, varddhamAna, hIyamAna, avasthita aura anavasthita - isa prakAra avadhijJAna chaha prakAra kA hai| arthAt koI avadhijJAna sUrya ke prakAza ke samAna bhavAntara meM jAne vAle ke pIche jAtA hai vaha anugAmo hai| mUrkha ke prazna ke samAna vahIM gira jAtA hai- bhavAntara meM sAtha nahIM jAtA hai vaha
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika *9 saMpratipAtApratipAtayoratraivAntarbhAvAt / dezAvadhiH paramAvadhiH sarvAvadhiriti ca paramAgamaprasiddhAnAM pUrvoktayuktyA smbhaavitaanaamtropsNgrhaat| kutaH punaravadhiH kazcidanugAmI kazcidanyathA sambhavatItyAha vizuddhyanugamAtpuMso'nugAmI deshto'vdhiH| paramAvadhirapyuktaH sarvAvadhirapIdRzaH // 11 // vizuddhyananvayAdezo'nanugAmI ca kasyacit / tadbhavApekSayA prAcyaH zeSo'nyabhavavIkSayA // 12 // ananugAmI hai| samyagdarzanAdi guNoM kI vizuddhi ke kAraNa araNI ke nirmathana se utpanna zuSka patroM se upacIyamAna IMdhana ke samUha meM vRddhiMgata agni ke samAna bar3hatA rahatA hai vaha varddhamAna avadhijJAna hai| vaha asaMkhyAta loka parimANa taka bar3hatA rahatA hai| jo IMdhana rahita agni ke samAna, jisa parimANa se utpanna huA thA, usase pratidina samyagdarzanAdi guNoM kI hAni, saMkleza pariNAma kI vRddhi ke yoga se aMgula ke asaMkhyAta bhAga taka ghaTatA rahe vaha hIyamAna avadhijJAna hai| samyagdarzanAdi guNoM ke avasthAna se avadhijJAna muktiprApti yA kevalajJAnaparyanta jaisA kA taisA banA rahe arthAt na ghaTe na bar3he, vaha avasthita avadhijJAna hai jaise tilAdi cihna na ghaTate haiM aura na bar3hate haiN| jisa parimANa meM utpanna huA avadhijJAna samyagdarzanAdi guNoM kI vRddhi evaM hAni ke kAraNa vAyu se prerita jala kI taraMgoM ke samAna jahA~ taka ghaTa sakatA hai vahA~ taka ghaTatA rahe aura jahA~ taka bar3ha sakatA hai, vahA~ taka bar3hatA rahe, vaha anavasthita avadhijJAna hai| isa prakAra avadhijJAna ke chaha vikalpa hote haiN| pratipAta aura apratipAta ina do bhedoM kA inhIM chaha bhedoM meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| bijalI ke prakAza samAna pratipAta hone vAlA pratipAtI hai aura guNazreNI se nahIM girane vAlA jJAna apratipAtI ... dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi, isa prakAra paramadevAdhideva aha~tasarvajJa kI AmnAya se Agama meM prasiddha bhedoM kA bhI inhIM bhedoM meM yathAyogya saMgraha ho jAtA hai| atIndriya padArthoM ko sAdhane vAlI pUrvameM kahI gaI yuktiyoM se dezAvadhi Adi bhedoM kI sambhAvanA kI jA cukI hai| caramazarIrI munimahArAja ke paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi jJAna hote haiN| phira koI to avadhijJAna anugAmI hotA hai aura koI usake bheda anya prakAra se yAnI avasthita, anavasthita Adi rUpa hote haiN| isakA kyA kAraNa hai? isa prakAra jijJAsA hone para AcArya kahate haiM .. AtmA ke avadhijJAnAvaraNakarma ke kSayopazama se utpanna vizuddhi kA anugama karane se ekadeza se dezAvadhi bhI anugAmI ho jAtI hai aura paramAvadhi bhI sUryaprakAza samAna AtmA kA anugama karane vAlI anugAmI mAnI gaI hai, tathA isI prakAra sarvAvadhi bhI anugAmI hotI hai arthAt-tInoM prakAra kI avadhiyoM kA bheda anugAmI hai| isa prakAra hetupUrvaka siddhi kara dI gaI hai||11|| . kSayopazamajanya AtmaprasAdasvarUpa vizuddhi kA anvayarUpa karake gamana nahIM karane se yaha avadhi kisI-kisI jIva ke ananugAmI hotI hai| una tIna prakAra ke avadhijJAnoM meM pahalA dezAvadhijJAna to usI bhava kI apekSA se ananugAmI kahA jAtA hai| arthAt-kisI-kisI jIva ke dezAvadhijJAna usa sthAna se anya sthAna para nahIM jAtA hai| yA usa janma se dUsare janma meM sAtha nahIM jAtA hai| tathA caramazarIrI saMyamI ke pAye jAne vAle zeSa bace hue paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi to anya bhava kI apekSA se ananugAmI haiN| arthAtsarvAvadhi paramAvadhi jJAniyoM kI usI bhava meM mokSa ho jAne ke kAraNa anya bhavoM kA dhAraNa nahIM hone se ve do avadhijJAna ananugAmI haiM // 12 //
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 10 varddhamAno'vadhiH kazcidvizuddhervRddhitaH sa tu| dezAvadhirihAmnAta: paramAvadhireva ca // 13 // hIyamAno'vadhiH zuddhIyamAnatvato mtH| sa dezAvadhirevAtra hAne: sadbhAvasiddhitaH // 14 // avasthito'vadhiH shuddhervsthaanaanniymyte| sarvoGginAM virodhasyApyabhAvAnnAnavasthiteH // 15 // vishuddhrnvsthaanaatsmbhvednvsthitH| sa dezAvadhirevaiko'nyatra tat prtighaattH||16|| proktaH sapratipAto vaa'prtipaatstthaa'vdheH| so'ntarbhAvamamISveva prayAtIti na sUtritaH // 17 // vizuddheH pratipAtApratipAtAbhyAM sapratipAtApratipAtau hyavadhISaTsvevAntarbhavataH / anugAmyAdayo hi kecit pratipAtAH kecidapratipAtA iti| vizuddhi aura samyagdarzana Adi guNoM kI vRddhi ho jAne se koI-koI vaha avadhijJAna to varddhamAna kahA jAtA hai| unameM dezAvadhi aura paramAvadhi hI yahA~ varddhamAna mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki dezAvadhi ke jaghanya aMza se lekara utkRSTa aMzoM taka vRddhiyA~ hotI haiN| usI prakAra tejaskAyika jIvoM kI avagAhanAoM ke bhedoM ke sAtha tejaskAyika jIva rAzi kA paraspara guNA karane se jitanA labdha AtA hai, utane asaMkhyAta loka pramANa paramAvadhi ke dravya apekSA bheda haiM aura kSetrakAla kI apekSA se bhI asaMkhyAta bheda haiM ataH paramAvadhi bhI varddhamAna hai kintu sarvAvadhi kA bheda varddhamAna nahIM hai, vaha avasthita hai||13|| samyagdarzanAdi guNoM kI hAni aura saMkleza pariNAmoM kI vRddhi tathA kSayopazamavizeSajanya vizuddhi kI nyUnatA ho jAne se avadhijJAna hIyamAna hotA hai| ina tInoM avadhijJAnoM meM vizuddhi hAni ke sadbhAva kI siddhi ho jAne se vaha dezAvadhi hI eka hIyamAna hai| bar3hate hue cAritra guNa vAle muni mahArAjoM ke paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi hotI hai| ata: ye hIyamAna nahIM haiN||14|| koI avadhi to samyagdarzanAdi guNoM ke aura kSayopazamajanya vizuddhi ke avasthAna rahane se avasthita haiN| yaha avasthita bheda sabhI jIvoM ke tInoM avadhijJAnoM meM ghaTita ho jAtA hai, kyoMki virodha doSa hone kA isameM abhAva hai| sarvAvadhi meM anavasthita kA sarvathA niSedha hai tathA avasthita dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi meM bhI anavasthita kA niSedha hai, ata: tInoM hI avasthita bheda vAlI haiM // 15 // vizuddhi ke samAna kSayopazamajanya AtmA kI vizuddhi kA anavasthAna ho jAne se avadhi kA anavasthita bheda sambhava hai| unameM yaha dezAvadhi hI eka anavasthita hai| anya do avadhiyoM meM usa anavasthita kA pratighAta hai||16|| ___ ukta chaha bhedoM ke atirikta sapratipAta aura apratipAta ye do bheda bhI avadhijJAna ke zrI akalaMkadeva ne kahe haiN| kintu ye bheda ina chaha bhedoM meM hI antarbhAva ko prApta ho jAte haiN| isI kAraNa sUtrakAra ne avadhi ke ATha bhedoM kA sUtra dvArA sUcana nahIM kiyA hai||17|| AtmA kI nirmalatA ke pratipAta aura apratipAta se pratipAtasahita aura pratipAta rahita do avadhijJAna ke bheda ina chaha bhedoM meM hI garbhita ho jAte haiM, kyoMki anugAmI Adika chahoM bheda koI to pratipAtI haiM aura koI anugAmI Adi bheda pratipAtarahita haiN| yahA~ taka avadhijJAna ko kahane vAlA prakaraNa samApta huaa|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 11 RjuvipulamatI manaHparyayaH // 23 // nanviha bahiraMgakAraNasya bhedasya ca jJAnAnAM prastutatvAnne vaktavyaM jJAnabhedakAraNApratipAdakatvAdityArekAyAmAha mn:pryyvijnyaanbhedkaarnnsiddhye| prAhavityAdikaM sUtraM svarUpasya vinizcayAt // 1 // na hi manaHparyayajJAnasvarUpasya nizcayArthamidaM sUtramucyate yato'prastutArthaM syaat| tasya matyAdisUtre niruktyaiva nishcyaat| kiM tarhi / prakRtasya bahiraMgakAraNasya bhedasya prasiddhaye smaarbhte| RjvI matiryasya sa RjumtiH| vipulA matiryasya sa vipulamatiH / Rjumatizca vipulamatizca Rjuvipulmtii| ekasya matizabdasya gamyamAnatvAllopa iti vyAkhyAne kA sA RjvI vipulA ca matiH kiMprakArA ca matizabdena cAnyapadArthAnAM vRttau ko'nyapadArtha ityAha avadhijJAna kA prarUpaNa kara aba avasara saMgati anusAra kramaprApta mana:paryaya jJAna kA pratipAdana karane ke lie AcArya Age kA sUtra kahate haiM manaHparyaya jJAna Rjumati aura vipulamati ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai||23|| dUsare ke mana meM sthita rUpI padArthoM ko jAnane vAlA mana:paryaya jJAna kahalAtA hai| . isa prakaraNa meM jJAnoM ke bahiraMga kAraNa aura bhedoM ke nirUpaNa karane kA prasaMga cala rahA hai ata: mana:paryayajJAna ke svarUpa kA pratipAdaka yaha sUtra kyoM kahA gayA hai? jJAna ke bheda aura bahiraMga kAraNoM kA pratipAdaka to yaha sUtra nahIM hai| ataH isa prakaraNa meM yaha sUtra nahIM kahanA caahie| isa prakAra kI AzaMkA kA AcArya yahA~ spaSTa samAdhAna karate haiM - manaHparyaya jJAna ke svarUpa kA vizeSa nizcaya "matizrutAvadhimana:paryayakevalAni jJAnam" - sUtra meM kahe gaye manaHparyaya zabda kI nirukti se karA diyA gayA hai| kintu yahA~ mana:paryaya jJAna ke bheda aura bahiraMga kAraNoM kI prasiddhi karAne ke lie umAsvAmI mahArAja ne "Rjuvipula" ityAdi sUtra ko kahA hai||1|| manaHparyayajJAna ke svarUpa kA nizcaya karAne ke lie yaha sUtra nahIM kahA gayA hai, jisase ki prakaraNa ke prastAva meM prApta artha ko pratipAdita karane vAlA yaha sUtra na ho sake arthAt yaha sUtra prastAvaprApta prakaraNa ke anusAra hI hai| usa manaHparyaya ke svarUpa kA nizcaya to "matiHsmRti:" Adi sUtra meM nirukti karake hI kaha diyA gayA hai| parantu yahA~ bahiraMgakAraNa aura bheda kI prasiddhi karAne ke lie yaha sUtra prArambha kiyA gayA hai| jisakI mati Rju (sarala) hai usako Rjumati kahate haiN| parakIya manogata padArthoM ko jAnane vAlA vaha mana:paryayajJAna Rjumati hai| vipula (kuTila) hai mati jisakI vaha vipulamati / parakIya manogata anivartita yA vakra, mana-vacana-kAya sambandhI padArtha ko jAnane vAlA vaha manaHparyayajJAna vipulamati hai| Rjumati aura vipulamati ina donoM kA dvandva samAsa hai-Rjuvipulamati / eka mati zabda se hI gatArthatva hone se do bAra mati zabda kA prayoga nahIM hai arthAt eka mati zabda kA lopa ho jAtA hai| "isa prakAra vyAkhyAna karane para jijJAsAe~ khar3I hotI haiM ki mati zabda ke sAtha Rju vipula zabdoM kI anya padArthoM ko pradhAna karane vAlI bahubrIhi nAmaka samAsa vRtti ho jAne para vaha anya padArtha kauna hai jo Rjumati aura vipulamati kA vAcya par3egA? isakA zrI vidyAnanda AcAya spaSTa samAdhAna karate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 12 nirvartitazarIrAdikRtasyArthasya vedanAt / RjvI nirvartitA tredhA praguNA ca prakIrtitA // 2 // anirvartitakAyAdikRtArthasya ca vedikaa| vipulA kuTilA SoDhA vakrarjutrayagocarA // 3 // etayormatizabdena vRttirnypdaarthkaa| kaizciduktA sa cAnyo'rtho mana:paryaya itysn||4|| dvitvaprasaMgatastatra pravaktuM dhIdhano jnH| na manaHparyayo yukto manaHparyaya ityalam // 5 // yadAtvanyau padArthoM stastadvizeSau balAdgatau / sAmAnyatastadeko'yamiti yuktaM tathA vcH||6|| Rja zabda kA artha banAyA gayA aura sarala donoM prakAra kahA gayA hai| saralatApUrvaka kAya, vacana, mana dvArA kiye gae parakIya manogata artha kA saMvedana karane se Rjumati tIna prakAra kI kahI gaI hai| arthAt apane yA dUsare ke dvArA saralatApUrvaka zarIra se kiye gaye, vacana se bole gaye aura mana se ciMtana kiye gaye artha ko yadi koI jIva mana meM vicAra le to Rjumati mana:paryaya usa mana meM ciMtita padArtha kA IhAmatijJAnapUrvaka vikala pratyakSa kara letA hai| sarala aura pUrNa rUpa se ciMtita, ina donoM arthoM ko ghaTita kara mana, vacana, kAya kI apekSA se Rjumati ke tIna bheda ho jAte haiM-mana se ciMtita RjukAyakRta artha ko jAnane vAlA, mana se ciMtita RjuvAkkRta artha ko jAnane vAlA aura mana se ciMtita RjumanaskRta artha ko jAnane vAlA // 2 // tathA kAya, vacana, mana se parakIya manogata vijJAna se ciMtita nahIM kiye gae sarala yA kuTila athavA bahuta se zarIra Adi kRta arthoM ko jAnane vAlI mati vipulA hai| vaha vakra aura saralasvarUpa se mana, vacana, kAya ina tInoM ke dvArA kiye gae manogata viSayoM ko jAnatI huI chaha prakAra kI hai||3|| ina Rju aura vipula zabdoM kI mati zabda ke sAtha kI gaI anya padArtha ko pradhAna kahane vAlI bahubrIhi samAsa nAmaka vRtti kinhIM vidvAnoM ne kahI hai, vaha anya padArtha mana:paryaya jJAna hai| arthAt jisa mana:paryayajJAna kI mati Rju hai aura jisa mana:paryaya jJAna kI mati vipulA hai, vaha Rjumati vipulamati manaHparyaya hai-yaha vigraha kiyA gayA hai| / parantu isa prakAra una vidvAnoM kA kahanA prazaMsanIya nahIM hai kyoMki isa prakAra kahane para vahA~ mana:paryaya zabda meM dvivacana ho jAne kA prasaMga AtA hai jaise ki jisa puruSa kA dhana buddhi hai, vaha "buddhidhano jana:" yA "dhIdhanaH" hai| yahA~ uddezya ke anusAra jana zabda ekavacana hai ata: anya padArtha mana:paryayajJAna ke sAtha vRtti karane para 'mana:paryayaH' isa prakAra eka vacana kahanA yukta nahIM par3atA, kintu "manaHparyayau'yaha kahanA usa vRtti dvArA artha karane meM samartha hogA kyoMki do mana:paryayajJAnoM kI Rjumati aura vipulamati do matiyA~ haiM // 4-5 // __athavA jaba ve do vizeSa anya padArtha usa sAmAnya eka mana:paryaya kI zakti se hI jAna liye gae mAna leMge taba to jisa prakAra yaha manaHparyaya zabda eka vacana bhI sAmAnya rUpa se prayukta karanA yukta hai ataH bahubrIhi samAsa karane para bhI ekavacana rakSita raha sakatA hai, koI kSati nahIM hai||6||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 13 sAmAnAdhikaraNyaM ca na saamaanyvishessyoH| prabAdhyate tdaatmtvaatkthNcitsNprtiititH||7|| ye'pyAhuH / Rjuzca vipulA ca Rjuvipule te ca te matIti ca svapadArthavRttistena RjuvipulamatI viziSTe paricchinne mana:paryaya ukto bhavatIti tadakathanaM pratIyata iti teSAmapyavirodhamupadarzayati / svapadArthA ca vRttiH syAdaviruddhA tathA sti| viziSTe hi matijJAne mana:paryaya iSyate // 8 // yatha vipulamatI mana:paryayavizeSau mana:paryayasAmAnyeneti sAmAnAdhikaraNyamaviruddha sAmAnyavizeSayoH kathaMcittAdAtmyAttathA saMpratItezca tadvadRjuvipulamatI jJAnavizeSau manaHparyayayorjJAnamityapi na virudhyate manaHparyayajJAnabhedApratipatteH prakRtayoH sadbhAvAt vizeSAt / kathaM bAhyakAraNapratipattiratretyAha ____ "RjuvipulamatI" dvivacana pada hai aura manaHparyaya ekavacana zabda hai| ataH inakA samAna adhikaraNapanA nahIM banatA kyoMki samAna vibhakti vAle, samAna liMga vAle, samAna vacana vAle, zabdoM kA hI sAmAnAdhikaraNya bana sakatA hai| yaha zaMkA nahIM karanI caahie| kyoMki sAmAnya aura vizeSa meM samAnAdhikaraNapanA kisI bhI prakAra se bAdhita nahIM hotA hai aura sAmAnya aura vizeSoM kA kathaMcit tadAtmakapanA hone ke kAraNa samAna adhikaraNapanA pratIta hotA hai| arthAt "matizrutAvadhimana:paryaya kevalAni jJAnam" athavA "sAdho:kAryaM tapaHzrute" "Adye parokSam" Adi prayogoM meM nirbAdhita samAnAdhikaraNapanA hai| sAmAnya prAyaH ekavacana aura vizeSa prAyaH dvivacana aura bahuvacana huA karate haiM / / 7 / / .. jo bhI koI vidvAn samAsavRtti kara kaha rahe haiM ki Rju aura vipulA isa prakAra itara-itara yoga karane para 'Rjuvipule' banatA hai aura ve RjuvipulAsvarUpa jo mati hai, isa prakAra apane hI pada ke arthoM ko pradhAna rakhane vAlI dvandvagarbhita karmadhAraya vRtti kI gayI hai| etadartha viziSTa Rjumati aura vipulamati jJAna manaHparyaya jJAna kA kathana karatA hai| usa dvivacana dvArA bhedakathana karanA pratIta hotA hai| isa prakAra kahane vAle una vidvAnoM ke yahA~ bhI jainasiddhAntAnusAra koI virodha nahIM AtA hai| isa bAta ko svayaM granthakAra prakaTa kara rahe haiN| . ukta kathanAnusAra samAsa vRtti karane para svapadArthapradhAnA karmadhArayavRtti aviruddha ho jAtI hai, aura aisA hone para mana:paryaya svarUpa Rjumati aura vipulamatinAmaka matijJAna eka mana:paryaya, isake sAtha anvita iSTa kara liye haiN||8|| - jisa prakAra Rjumati aura vipulamati ye manaHparyayajJAna ke do vizeSaNa prakaraNaprApta manaHparyaya sAmAnya ke sAtha samAna adhikaraNapane ko prApta hone se viruddha nahIM haiM, kyoMki sAmAnya aura vizeSoM ko kathaMcit tadAtmakapanA ho jAne se sAmAnAdhikaraNya pratIta hotA hai| usI prakAra jisake samAna Rjumati aura vipulamati ye do jJAna vizeSa haiM, vaha eka mana:paryaya jJAna hai| isa prakAra kathana karane para koI virodha prApta nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki mana:paryaya jJAna meM sAmAnya se bheda kI pratipatti nahIM hone kA sadbhAva ina prakaraNaprApta Rjumati aura vipulamati donoM meM vidyamAna hai| koI antara cahIM hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 14 parato'yamapekSasyAtmanaH svasya parasya vaa| manaHparyaya ityasminpakSe bAhyanimittavat // 9 // mana:parItyAnusaMdhAya vAyanaM mana:paryaya iti vyutpattau bahiraMganimittako'yaM manaHparyaya iti bAhyanimittapratipattirasya kRtA bhvti| na matijJAnatApattistasyaivaM manasaH svayaM / nirvrttktvvaidhuryaadpekssaamaatrtaasthiteH||10|| kSayopazamamAbibhradAtmA mukhyaM hi kAraNaM / tatpratyakSasya nirvRttau parahetuparAGmukhaH // 11 // manoliGgajatApatterna ca tsyaanumaantH| pratyakSalakSaNasyaiva nirbAdhasya vyvsthiteH||12|| nanvevaM manaHparyayazabdanirvacanasAmarthyAttadvAhyapratipattiH kathamataH syAdityAhayadA paramana:prAptaH padArtho mana ucyte| tAtsthyAttAcchabdyasaMsiddhamaMcakrozanavattadA // 13 // tasya paryayaNaM yasmAttadvA yena parIyate / sa manaHparyayo jJeya ityuktestatsvarUpavit // 14 // isa jJAna meM bahiraMga kAraNA kI pratipatti kisa prakAra hotI hai? isa prakAra jijJAsA hone para AcArya kahate haiM - apane athavA dUsare ke mana kI apekSA rakhane vAlA yaha manaHparyayajJAna anya bahiraMga kAraNa se utpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra isa vyutpatti ke karane para bahiraMga nimitta kAraNa kI jJapti ho jAtI hai||9|| mana:+pari+iNa+ghaJ+su manaH (mana:sthita) kA anusaMdhAna kara jo pratyakSa jAnatA hai vaha manaHparyaya hai| isa prakAra vyutpatti karane para jisakA bahiraMga nimittakAraNa mana hai-aisA yaha mana:paryayajJAna hai| isa prakAra mana:paryaya jJAna ke bahiraMga nimitta kI pratipatti kara lI gaI hai| isa prakAra manasvarUpanimitta se utpanna hone ke kAraNa usa mana:paryayajJAna ko matijJAnapane kA prasaMga aaegaa| yaha Apatti uThAnA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki mAnasa matijJAna ko mana svayaM banAtA hai kintu mana:paryayajJAna kA sampAdakapanA mana ko prApta nahIM hai kevala mana kI apekSA hai| . apekSAmAtra se sthita ho rahe mana ko mAnasamatijJAna ke samAna mana:paryaya kA sampAdakapanA nahIM hai ata: mana:paryaya jJAna meM mana kAraNa nahIM hone se mana:paryaya jJAna matijJAna nahIM hai||10|| usa mana:paryaya pratyakSajJAna kI utpatti karane meM mukhya kAraNa mana:paryayajJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama kA dhAraka AtmA hI hai,jo AtmA anya indriya, mana, jJApaka liMga, vyApti, saMketasmaraNa Adi dUsare kAraNoM se parAGmukha hotA hai arthAt avadhijJAna, manaHparyayajJAna aura kevalajJAna kI utpatti meM pratibaMdhakoM se rahita kevala AtmA hI kAraNa mAnA gayA hai||11|| mana kA sambandha hone se mana:paryaya jJAna ko anumAna jJAna bhI nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki mana:paryaya jJAna ke pratyakSa lakSaNa kA virodha nahIM hai| pratyakSa lakSaNa kI nirbAdha vyavasthA hai arthAt-liMgadarzana, vyAptismaraNa pUrvaka mana:paryaya jJAna nahIM huA hai kintu bAdhAoM se rahita hote hue pratyakSa pramANa ke lakSaNa kI hI mana:paryaya meM samIcIna vyavasthA hai||12|| zaMkA - isa prakAra mana:paryaya zabda kI isa nirukti ke bala se hI usa mana:paryaya ke bAhya kAraNoM kI pratipatti kaise ho sakatI hai? isa para AcArya kahate haiN| jisa prakAra dUsare ke mana meM sthita padArtha 'mana' aisA kahA jAtA hai kyoMki tat (usa) meM sthita hone ke kAraNa tat zabdapanA siddha ho jAtA hai, jaise ki "maJcAH krozanti" macAna gA rahe haiM, yA cillA rahe haiN| arthAt yahA~ khetoM meM yA bagIcoM meM pazu, pakSiyoM ke bhagAne, ur3Ane ke lie bA~dhe gaye maMcoM para baiThe hue manuSyoM ke zabda karane para macAnoM kA zabda karanA vyavahRta hotA hai| isa prakAra kathana karane se usa
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 15 vizuddhyapratipAtAbhyAM tadvizeSaH // 24 // nanu RvipulamatyoH svavacanasAmarthyAdeva vizeSapratipattestadarthamidaM kimArabhyata ityAzaMkAyAmAhamanaHparyayayoruktabhedayoH svvcoblaat| vizeSahetusaMvittau vizuddhItyAdisUtritam // 1 // narjumatitvavipulamatitvAbhyAmeva vipulamatyorvizeSo'tra pratipAdyate / yatonarthakamidaM syaat| kiM tarhi vizuddhyapratipAtAbhyAM tayoH parasparaM vizeSAntaramihocyate tato'sya sAphalyameva / kA punarvizuddhiH kazcApratipAta: kovAnayorvizeSa ityAhaAtmaprasattiratroktA vishuddhirnijruuptH| pracyutya saMbhavazvAsyApratipAta: prtiiyte||2|| tAbhyAM vizeSyamANatvaM vizeSaH krmsaadhnH| tacchabdena parAmarzo mnHpryybhedyoH||3|| bahiraMgakAraNa mana ke svarUpa kI samIcIna vitti (jJAna) ho jAtI hai| ataH manaHparyaya zabda kI SaSThI tatpuruSa athavA bahubrIhi samAsa dvArA nirukti karane para mana kA bahiraMgakAraNapanA jAna liyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra mana:paryaya ke bheda aura kAraNa kA jJAna mana:paryaya zabda se ho jAtA hai||13-14|| vizuddhi aura apratipAta kI apekSA ina donoM meM vizeSatA hai||24|| Rjumati aura vipulamati jJAnoM ke apane-apane arthoM ke abhidhAyaka vacanoM kI sAmarthya se hI donoM ke vizeSoM kI pratipatti ho jAtI hai aura nirukti dvArA labhya artha kI jaba prApti ho jAtI hai to usa vizeSa kI jJapti karAne ke lie yaha sUtra kyoM banAyA gayA hai? isa prakAra kI AzaMkA kA uttara dete haiM . . yadyapi sarala, sampAdita aura sarala, kuTila, sampAditaM, asampAdita, manogata viSayoM ko jAnane kI apekSA apane vAcaka Rju aura vipula zabdoM kI sAmarthya se nirukti dvArA hI donoM mana:paryayoM ke paraspara bheda kahe jA cuke haiM, phira bhI una donoM kI anya vizeSatAoM ke kAraNoM kA saMvedana karAne ke nimitta "vizuddhyapratipAtAbhyAM tadvizeSaH" yaha sUtra racA hai||1|| Rjumatitva aura vipulamatitva ke kathana mAtra se Rjumati aura vipulamati kA vizeSa (antara) isa sUtra dvArA nahIM samajhAyA jA rahA hai, jisase ki yaha sUtra vyartha ho jaae| phira yaha sUtra kyoM kahA gayA hai? isakA uttara hai ki vizuddhi aura apratipAta yaha una Rjumati aura vipulamati jJAnoM kA jo paraspara meM vizeSa antara hai vaha yahA~ isa sUtra dvArA kahA jA rahA hai arthAt donoM mana:paryaya jJAnoM meM vizuddhi aura apratipAta kI apekSA antara hai| usakA kathana isa sUtra ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai| .. vizuddhi kyA hai? aura apratipAta kyA hai? tathA inakA vizeSa kyA hai? isa prakAra kI jijJAsAoM kA uttara kahate haiM pratipakSI karmoM ke vinAza se utpanna AtmA kI prasannatA vizuddhi hai| isa AtmA kA apane svarUpa se pracyuta nahIM honA apratipAta dharma pratIta hotA hai tathA una dharmoM ke dvArA vizeSatAoM kA prApta honA vizeSa kahA gayA hai, kyoMki yahA~ 'vi' upasarga pUrvaka 'ziS' dhAtu se karma sAdhana meM 'ghaJ' pratyaya kara 'vizeSa' zabda siddha kiyA gayA hai| tadvizeSa meM kahe gaye pUrvaparAmarzaka tat zabda karake mana:paryayajJAna ke Rjumati aura vipulamati ina do bhedoM kA parAmarza kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra sUtra kA vAkyArtha bodha hotA hai||2-3||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 16 tayoreva vipulamatyorvizuddhyapratipAtAbhyAM vizeSo'vaseya ityrthH|| nanUttaratra tadbhedasthitAbhyAM sa vishissyte| vizuddhyapratipAtAbhyAM pUrvastu na kathaMcana // 4 // ityayuktaM vizeSasya dviSThatvena prsiddhitH| viziSyate yato yasya vizeSaH so'tra hIkSate // 5 // pAThApekSayottaro mana:paryayasya bhedo vipulamatistadgatAbhyAM vizuddhyapratipAtAbhyAM sa eva pUrvasmAttadredAdRjumaterviziSyate na puna: pUrva uttarasmAtkathamapItyayuktaM vizeSasyobhayasthatvena prsiddhH| yato viziSyate sa vizeSo yazca viziSyate sa vizeSya iti vyutptteH| vizuddhyapratipAtAbhyAM cottaratadbhedagatAbhyAM pUrvo yathottarasmAdviziSyate tathA pUrvavateMdagAbhyAmuttara iti sarvaM niravadyaM / nanu carjumatervipulamatirvizuddhyA viziSyate Rjumati aura vipulamati nAmaka una mana:paryaya ke bhedoM ko hI vizuddhi aura apratipAta se vizeSa jAna lenA caahie| "tayoreva vizeSaH" isa prakAra avadhAraNa lagAkara artha kiyA gayA hai| zaMkA - pUrvasUtra meM "Rjuvipulamati" zabda dvArA kahA gayA vipulamati hI uttara sUtra meM bheda karane meM sthita vizuddhi aura apratipAta se vizeSita kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu pahalA Rjumati kisI bhI prakAra se vizuddhi aura apratipAta se vizeSita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| samAdhAna - isa prakAra zaMkA karanA ayukta hai, kyoMki saMyoga vibhAga dvitva tritva saMkhyA ke samAna vizeSa padArtha bhI do Adi adhikaraNoM meM sthita hokara prasiddha hai| jisake dvArA vibhAga kiyA jAtA hai athavA jisakA vibhAga kiyA jAtA hai, isa nirukti ke anusAra vibhAga do meM rahatA hai| isI prakAra jisase jo vizeSita kiyA jAtA hai athavA jisa padArtha kA vizeSa hotA hai, vaha vizeSa hai| vaha vizeSa yahA~ dRSTigocara ho rahA hai ataH vipulamati aura Rjumati donoM paraspara meM vizuddhi, apratipAta dvArA vizeSa se AkrAnta ho jAte haiN||4-5|| sUtra ke pATha kI apekSA se uttara meM varta rahA mana:paryaya jJAna kA bheda vipulamati hai| usa vipulamati meM prApta vizuddhi aura apratipAta se vaha vipulamati hI pUrvavartI usa mana:paryaya ke bheda Rjumati se vizeSatA ko prApta ho sakatA hai| kintu phira pUrvavartI Rjumati uttaravartI vipulamati se kaise bhI vizeSatA ko prApta nahIM ho sktaa| isa prakAra kahanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki vizeSatA kI donoM meM sthiti hone se prasiddhi hai| jisase vizeSatA ko prApta hotA hai, vaha paMcamI vibhaktivAlA bhI vizeSa hai aura jo padArtha viziSTa ho rahA hai, vaha prathamA vibhaktivAlA pada bhI vizeSa hai| isa prakAra vizeSa pada kI vyutpatti karane se pratiyogI, anuyogI donoM meM rahane vAle donoM vizeSa liye jAte haiN| jisakI ora se vizeSatA AtI hai aura jisa padArtha meM vizeSatA Akara baiTha jAtI hai, ve donoM padArtha paraspara meM kisI vivakSita dharma dvArA vizeSa se yukta mAne jAte haiN| usa mana:paryaya ke uttaravartI bhedasvarUpa vipulamati meM prApta vizuddhi aura apratipAta se jisa prakAra pUrvavartI Rjumati vizeSita kara diyA jAtA hai usI prakAra usa manaHparyaya ke pUrvavartI bheda Rjumati meM prApta ho rahe, pratiyogitAvacchinna vizuddhi aura apratipAta ke una alpa vizuddhi aura pratipAta se uttaravartI vipulamati bhI vizeSita ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra sabhI siddhAnta nirdoSa hokara siddha hote haiN|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 17 tasya tato vizuddhataratvAnmana:paryayajJAnAvaraNakSayopazamaprakarSAdutpannatvAt / apratipAtena ca tatsvAminAmapratipatitasaMyamatvena tatsaMyamaguNaikArthasamavAyitvena vipulamaterapratipAtAdvipulamatestu kathamRjumatirviziSyate? tAbhyAmiti cetsvavizuddhyAlpayA pratipAtena ceti gmytaam| vipulamatyapekSayarjumateralpavizuddhitvAttatsvAminAmupazAntakaSAyANAmapi sambhavatpratipatatsaMyamaguNaikArthasamavAyinaH pratipAtasambhavAditi prapaMcitamasmAbhiranyatra // vizuddhikSetrasvAmiviSayebhyo'vadhimana:paryayayoH // 25 // vizeSa itynuvrtte| kimarthamidamucyate ityAha zaMkA - Rjumati se vizuddhatara hone se tathA manaHparyaya jJAnAvaraNa ke prakarSa kSayopazama se utpanna hone se vipulamati mana:paryaya vizuddhi kI apekSA vizeSita kiyA jA sakatA hai tathA mana:paryaya ke svAmiyoM kA saMyama patanazIla na hone se aura varddhamAna saMyama guNa ke sAtha ekArtha samavAya sambandha hone se vipulamati Rjumati se viziSTa hai, yaha kahA jA sakatA hai kintu vipulamati se Rjumati mana:paryaya jJAna to una vizuddhi aura apratipAta se vizeSatAoM ko kaise prApta ho sakatA hai? kyoMki Rjumati meM to adhika vizuddhi aura apratipAta nahIM pAye jAte haiM vA una donoM meM vizeSatA svavizuddhi kI alpatA se aura pratipAta se jAnI jAtI samAdhAna - isa prakAra praviSTa hokara zaMkA karane para AcArya kahate haiM ki apanI alpa vizuddhi aura pratipAta se Rjumati jJAna vipulamati se vizeSatA grasta hai| isa prakAra apane citta meM avadhAraNa karanA caahie| ukta zaMkA kA isake atirikta anya koI samAdhAna nahIM hai| vipulamati kI apekSA se RjumatijJAna alpa vizuddhivAlA hai kyoMki usa Rjumati ke adhikArI svAmI chaTe se Arambha kara upazAnta kaSAya vAle gyArahaveM guNasthAna taka meM yathAyogya ho sakate haiN| to bhI pratipatanazIla saMyamaguNa ke sAtha ekArthasamavAya sambandha ko dhArane vAle Rjumati kA pratipAta honA sambhava hai ataH Rjumati bhI apanI alpavizuddhi aura pratipAta se vipulamati se vizeSatAoM kA dhAraka hai arthAt Rjumati se vipulamati vizuddhatara hai aura apratipAta hai, aisA jAnanA caahie| isakA vizeSa vistAra hamane anyatra kiyA hai| manaHparyaya ke vizeSa bhedoM kA jJAna kara aba zrI umAsvAmI mahArAja avadhijJAna aura mana:paryayajJAna kI vizeSatAoM ko kahate haiM -- vizuddhi, kSetra, svAmI aura viSaya kI apekSA avadhi aura manaHparyaya jJAna meM vizeSatA hai // 25 // Upara ke "vizuddhyapratipAtAbhyAM tadvizeSaH" isa sUtra meM se vizeSa isa zabda kI anuvRtti kara lI jAtI hai| kisa prayojana kI siddhi ke lie yaha sUtra kahA gayA hai? isa prakAra kI jijJAsA hone para AcArya kahate haiM
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 18 kuto'vadhervizeSa: syAnmana:paryayasaMvidaH / ityAkhyAtuM vizuddhyAdisUtramAha yathAgamaM // 1 // vizuddhiruktA kSetraM paricchedyAdyadhikaraNaM svAmIzvaro viSayaH pricchedystairvishesso'vdhimn:pryyyorvishessH| kathamityAha bhUyaH suukssmaarthpryaayvinmnHpryyo'vdheH| prabhUtadravyaviSayAdapi zuddhyA vizeSyate // 2 // kSetrato'vadhirevAta: prmkssetrtaamitH| svAminA tvavadheH saH syAdviziSTaH sNytprbhuH||3|| viSayeNa ca niHshessruupyruupyrthgocrH| rUpyarthagocarAdeva tasmAdetacca vakSyate // 4 // manaHparyayajJAna kA avadhijJAna se athavA avadhijJAna kA manaHparyayajJAna se vizeSa kina-kina vizeSatAoM se ho sakatA hai? isa bAta ko batAne ke lie sUtrakAra "vizuddhikSetrasvAmi" Adi sUtra ko ArSa Agama kA atikramaNa nahIM kara spaSTa kara rahe haiN||1|| ___"vizuddhyapratipAtAbhyAM tadvizeSaH" isameM vizuddhi kA lakSaNa kaha diyA gayA hai| jAnane yogya Adi padArthoM ke adhikaraNa ko kSetra kahate haiN| adhikArI prabhu, svAmI kahA jAtA hai| jJAna dvArA jAnane yogya padArtha viSaya haiN| ina vizuddhi AdikoM ke dvArA avadhijJAna aura mana:paryayajJAna meM paraspara vizeSatA hai| ina donoM kA vizeSa kisa prakAra hai? aisI jijJAsA hone para AcArya kahate haiM bahuta se dravyoM ko viSaya karane vAle bhI avadhijJAna se bahuta sI sUkSma arthaparyAyoM ko jAnane vAlA mana:paryaya jJAna vizuddhi karake vizeSita kara diyA jAtA hai arthAt-yadyapi avadhijJAna bahuta se dravyoM ko jAnatA hai, kintu dravya kI sUkSma arthaparyAyoM ko mana:paryaya jJAna adhika jAnatA hai| avadhijJAna se jAne hue rUpIdravya ke anantaveM bhAga ko mana:paryaya jAna letA hai| dravya kI apekSA sarvAvadhi kA viSaya bahuta hai| phira bhI bhAva kI apekSA bahuta sI arthaparyAyoM ko vipulamati jitanA jAnatA hai, utanA sarvAvadhi nahIM jAnatA hai| ata: adhika vizuddhi vAlA mana:paryayajJAna alpavizuddhi vAle avadhijJAna se viziSTa hai|||2|| kSetra kI apekSA avadhijJAna isa mana:paryayajJAna se parama utkRSTa kSetrapane ko prApta hai arthAt asaMkhyAta lokastha rUpI padArthoM ko jAnane kI zaktivAlA avadhijJAna hI kevala manuSya lokastha padArthoM ko viSaya karane vAle mana:paryaya se viziSTa hai| arthAt isa tIna sau taiMtAlIsa ghana rajju pramANa loka ke samAna yadi anya bhI asaMkhyAte loka hote to tatrastha rUpI padArthoM ko bhI avadhijJAna jAna sakatA hai| kintu manaHparyayajJAna kevala manuSya loka meM hI sthita padArthoM ko viSaya kara sakatA hai| ataH kSetra kI apekSA avadhijJAna hI mana:paryaya se prakRSTa hai| tathA svAmI kI apekSA mana:paryayajJAna hI avadhijJAna se utkRSTa hai kyoMki avadhijJAna cauthe guNasthAna se prArambha hotA hai| cAroM gatiyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| kintu mana:paryaya chaThe se hI Arambha hokara kisI-kisI RddhidhArI muni ke utpanna hotA hai| ataH jisakA svAmI saMyamI hai, aisA manaHparyayajJAna usa asaMyamI ke pAyI jAne vAlI avadhi se viziSTa / / 3 / / sampUrNa rUpI aura pudgala se ba~dhe hue sampUrNa arUpI arthoM ko viSaya karane vAlA yaha mana:paryaya jJAna usa rUpI artha ko hI viSaya karane vAle avadhijJAna se viSaya kI apekSA bhI viziSTa hai| arthAt-rUpI pudgala
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika *19 evaM matyAdibodhAnAM sabhedAnAM niruupnnm| kRtaM na kevalasyAtra bhedasyAprastutatvataH // 5 // vakSyamANatvatazcAsya ghaatikssyjmaatmnH| svarUpasya niruktyaiva jJAnaM sUtre prarUpaNAt // 6 // matizrutayornibandho dravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu // 26 // matyAdijJAneSu sabhedAni catvAri jJAnAni bhedato vyAkhyAya bahiraMgakAraNatazca kevalamabhedaM vakSyamANakAraNasvarUpamihAprastutatvAt tathAnuktvA kimarthamidamucyata ityAha athaadyjnyaanyorrthvivaadvinivRttye| matItyAdi vacaH samyak sUtrayansUtramAha sH||1|| saMprati ke matizrute kazca nibandha: kAni dravyANi ke vA paryAyA ityAhakI paryAyeM aura azuddhajIva kI arUpI sUkSma arthaparyAyoM ko manaHparyaya jitanA jAnatA hai, avadhijJAna utanA nahIM jaantaa| isa kathana ko "rUpiSvavadhe:" Adi sUtroM ke vivaraNa karate samaya spaSTa kreNge| ataH viSaya kI apekSA usa avadhijJAna se yaha mana:paryayajJAna viziSTa hai||4|| ... isa prakAra yahA~ taka aneka bheda sahita mati Adika cAra kSAyopazamika jJAnoM kA sUtrakAra ne nirUpaNa kiyA hai| kevalajJAna kI yahA~ prarUpaNA nahI kI gayI hai kyoMki yahA~ jJAna ke bhedoM kA prakaraNa cala rahA hai| kevalajJAna ke koI bheda nahIM hai| dasaveM adhyAya meM AtmA ke ghAtikarmoM ke kSaya se kevalajJAna utpanna hotA hai yaha kahA hai| yaha nirUpaNa (kevalajJAna kA svarUpa) to "matizrutAvadhimanaHparyayakevalAni jJAnam" isa sUtra meM kevala zabda kI nirukti karake hI prarUpita kara diyA gayA hai||5-6|| aba AcArya matijJAna aura zrutajJAna ke viSaya ke sambandha meM kahate haiM - matijJAna aura zrutajJAna dravyoM kI kucha paryAyoM ko viSaya karate haiN| mati aura zruta ke nibandha ko matizruta kA nibandha kahate haiM // 26 // - sAmAnya rUpa se mati zruta Adi jJAnoM meM bheda sahita vartana karane vAle mati, zruta, avadhi aura mana:paryaya haiN| ina cAroM jJAnoM ko bheda kI apekSA se tathA bahiraMgakAraNa rUpa se vyAkhyAna karake tathA Age dasaveM adhyAya meM bheda rahita eka hI prakAra ke kevalajJAna kA yahA~ prastAva prApta nahIM hone ke kAraNa isakA kathana na karake "matizrutayoH" ityAdi sUtra kisa prayojana ke lie kahA jA rahA hai? aisI jijJAsA hone para vidyAnanda svAmI kahate haiM - .. aba viSaya prakaraNa ke prArambha meM jJAnoM kI Adi meM kahe gaye matijJAna aura zrutajJAna ina do jJAnoM ke viSayoM kI vipratipatti kA vizeSarUpa se nivAraNa karane ke lie isa "matizrutayornibandho" ityAdi sUtrasvarUpa samIcIna vacana ko kahate hue AcArya ne sUtra kahA hai||1|| ___matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kaisA hai? aura nibandha kA artha kyA hai? tathA dravya kauna se haiM? athavA paryAyeM kaunasI haiM? isa prakAra jijJAsA hone para zrI vidyAnanda svAmI eka hI vArttika dvArA uttara dete haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 20 matizrute samAkhyAte nibandho niyama: sthitH| dravyANi vakSyamANAni paryAyAzca prpNctH||2|| tato matizrutayoH prapaMcena vyAkhyAtayorvakSyamANeSu dravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu nibandho niyamo pratyetavya iti sUtrArtho vyvtisstthte| viSayeSvityanuktaM kathamatrAvagamyata ityAha pUrvasUtroditazcAtra varttate vissydhvniH| kevalo'rthAdvizuddhyAdisahayogaM zrayannapi // 3 // vishuddhikssetrsvaamivissyebhyo'vdhimnHpryyyoritysmaatsuutraattdvissyshbdo'traanuvrtte| kathaM sa vizuddhyAdibhiH sahayogamAzrayannapi kevala: zakyo'nuvartayituM? sAmarthyAt / tathAhi-na tAvadvizuddheranuvartanasAmarthya prayojanAbhAvAt, tata eva na kSetrasya svAmino vA suutrsaamrthyaabhaavaat| nanvevaM dravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu nibandhana matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kA varNana pUrva meM kara diyA hai aura nibandha kA artha yahA~ niyama (viSaya) aisA vyavasthita kiyA hai| dravyoM kA paribhASaNa Age pA~caveM adhyAya meM kareMge tathA paryAyeM bhI vistAra ke sAtha kheNge| arthAt - matijJAnAvaraNakarma kA kSayopazama hone para indriya aura mana:svarUpa nimittoM se abhimukha niyamita padArthoM ko jAnane vAlA jJAna matijJAna hai| zrutajJAnAvaraNakarma kA kSayopazama hone para jo sunA jAya yAnI artha se arthAntara ko jAnane vAlA, matipUrvaka parokSajJAna zrutajJAna hai| mati, zruta kA vivaraNa pUrva meM kaha diyA hai| nibandha kA artha niyata karanA yA maryAdA meM bA~dha denA hai| chaha dravyoM kA kathana Age kreNge||2|| ata: isa sUtra kA artha isa prakAra vyavasthita ho jAtA hai ki vistAra ke sAtha vyAkhyAna kiye gae matijJAna zrutajJAnoM kA bhaviSya grantha meM kahe jAne vAle viSayabhUta sampUrNa dravyoM meM aura asampUrNa (katipaya) paryAyoM meM nibandha (niyama) samajha lenA cAhie arthAt mati zrutajJAna sarvadravya aura unakI kucha paryAyoM ko jAnate haiN| isa sUtra meM "viSayeSu" yaha zabda nahIM kahA hai to phira anukta yaha zabda kisa prakAra samajha liyA jAtA hai? aisA prazna hone para AcArya kahate haiM - isa sUtra ke pUrvavartI "vizuddhikSetrasvAmiviSayebhyo'vadhimana:paryayayoH" sUtra meM kathita viSaya zabda yahA~ anuvartana kara liyA jAtA hai| yadyapi vaha viSaya zabda "vizuddhi, kSetra' Adi ke sAtha sambandha ko prApta hai, to bhI prayojana hone se vizuddhi Adika aura paMcamI vibhakti se rahita hokara kevala viSaya zabda kI hI anuvRtti kara lI jAtI hai||3|| "vizuddhikSetrasvAmiviSayebhyo'vadhimanaH paryayayoH" isa sUtra se viSaya zabda yahA~ anuvRtti karane yogya hai| prazna - vizuddhi, kSetra Adi ke sAtha sambandha kA Azraya hone para bhI viSaya zabda kevala akelA hI kaise anuvartita kiyA jA sakatA hai? uttara - pahile pIche ke padoM aura vAcya artha kI sAmarthya se kevala viSaya zabda anuvartanIya ho jAtA hai| isI bAta ko spaSTa rUpa se dikhalAte haiM, ki sabase prathama kahI gaI vizuddhi kI anuvRtti karane
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 21 iti vacanasAmarthyAdviSayazabdasyAnuvarttane viSayeSviti kathaM viSayebhya iti pUrvaM nirdezAttathaivAnuvRttiprasaMgAdityAzaMkAyAmAha dravyeSviti padenAsya saamaanaadhikrnnytH| tadvibhaktyantatApatterviSayeSviti budhyate // 4 // kiM punaH phalaM viSayeSviti sambandhasyetyAhaviSayeSu nibandho'stItyukte nirviSaye na te| matizrute iti jJeyaM na cA'niyatagocare // 5 // tarhi dravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSviti vizeSaNaphalaM kimityAhakI yahA~ sAmarthya prApta nahIM hai, kyoMki prakaraNa meM vizuddhi kA koI prayojana nahIM hai ata: koI prayojana siddha nahIM hone se kSetra kI athavA svAmI zabda kI anuvRtti nahIM ho pAtI hai| sUtra kI sAmarthya ke anusAra hI padoM kI anuvRtti huA karatI hai, kintu yahA~ vizuddhi, kSetra, svAmI ina padoM kI anuvRtti karane ke lie sUtra kI sAmarthya nahIM hai| . zaMkA - isa prakAra dravyoM meM aura asarvaparyAyoM meM matizrutoM kA nibandha hai| isa vacana kI sAmarthya se viSaya zabda kI anuvRtti karane para "viSayeSu" aisA saptamI vibhakti kA bahuvacanAntapada kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai? kyoMki pUrva sUtra meM "viSayebhyaH" aisA paMcamI vibhakti kA bahuvacanAntapada kahA gayA hai| ataH paMcamyanta viSaya zabda kI anuvRtti ho jAne kA prasaMga prApta hotA hai, anyathA nhiiN| isa prakAra kI AzaMkA hone para AcArya samAdhAna karate haiM___isa viSaya zabda kA 'dravyeSu' isa prakAra saptamI vibhaktivAle pada ke sAtha samAna adhikaraNatva hone se usa saptamI vibhakti ke bahuvacanAntapada kI prApti ho jAtI hai ataH 'viSayeSu' viSayoM meM yaha artha samajha liyA jAtA hai|||4|| * punaH 'viSayeSu' isa prakAra saptamyanta pada ke sambandha kA yahA~ phala kyA hai? isa prazna ke uttara meM AcArya kahate haiM - - matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kA dravya aura katipaya paryAyasvarUpa viSayoM meM niyama hai| isa prakAra kathana karane para ve matijJAna, zrutajJAna donoM viSaya rahita nahIM haiM, yaha nizcaya hai| athavA dUsarA prayojana yaha bhI hai ki jisa kisI bhI padArtha ko viSaya karane vAle donoM jJAna nahIM haiM, kintu una donoM jJAnoM kA viSaya niyata hai| aisA jAnanA caahie| bhAvArtha - tattvopaplavavAdI yA yogAcAra bauddha athavA zUnyavAdI vidvAn jJAnoM ko nirviSaya mAnate haiN| ghaTa, paTa Adi ke jJAnoM meM koI bahiraMga padArtha viSaya nahIM hai| svapnajJAna samAna ukta jJAna bhI nirviSaya hai| athavA koI vidvAn matizrutajJAnoM ke viSayoM ko niyata svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| una donoM prakAra ke prativAdiyoM kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie ukta sUtra kahA gayA hai| . 'viSayeSu' - isa vizeSya ke dravyeSu aura asarvaparyAyeSu ina do vizeSaNoM kA phala kyA hai? isa pakAra jijJAsA hone para AcArya kahate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 22 paryAyamAtrage naite dravyeSviti vishessnnaat| dravyage eva te'srvpryaaydrvygocre||6|| etessvsrvpryaayessvityukterissttnirnnyaat| tathAniSTau tu sarvasya pratItivyAhatIraNAt // 7 // matizrutayorye tAvadvAhyArthAnAlambanatvamicchanti teSAM pratItivyAhatiM darzayannAha;matyAdipratyayo naiva bAhyArthAlambanaM sdaa| pratyayatvAdyathA svapnajJAnamityapare viduH // 8 // tdstsrvshuunytvaaptterbaahyaarthvittivt| svAnyasaMtAnasaMvitterabhAvAttadabhedataH // 9 // viSayoM kA dravyeSu yaha prathama vizeSaNa lagA dene se matijJAna, zrutajJAna donoM kevala paryAyoM ko hI jAnane vAle nahIM haiM, yaha bAta siddha ho jAtI hai| arthAt - matijJAna aura zrutajJAna donoM, ye dravyoM ko bhI jAnate haiN| binA dravya ke nirAdhAra paryAyeM Thahara nahIM sktiiN| ata: ve mati zrutajJAna dravyoM meM hI prApta hai, yAnI dravyoM ko hI jAnate haiM, paryAyoM ko nahIM, yaha ekAnta bhI prazasta nahIM hai kyoMki asarvaparyAyeSu aisA dUsarA vizeSaNa bhI lagA huA hai| ataH katipaya paryAya aura sampUrNa dravya ina viSayoM meM niyata haiN| yaha siddhAnta siddha hotA hai|6||| ina katipaya paryAyasvarUpa viSayoM meM matizrutajJAna niyata haiN| isa prakAra kaha dene se iSTa padArtha kA nirNaya ho jAtA hai| arthAt - indriyajanyajJAna, anindriyajanyajJAna, matipUrvaka zrutajJAna ye jJAna katipaya paryAyoM ko viSaya karate haiN| yaha siddhAnta sabhI vidvAnoM ke yahA~ abhISTa kiyA hai| yadi isa prakAra ina do jJAnoM ke dvArA katipaya paryAyoM ko viSaya karanA iSTa nahIM kiyA jAyegA to sabhI vAdI-prativAdiyoM ke yahA~ pratItiyoM se vyAghAta prApta hogA, isa bAta ko sUcita kiyA hai||7|| jo vAdI matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kA bahiraMga arthoM ko Alambana karanA nahIM mAnate haiM, unake yahA~ pratItiyoM se svamatavyAghAta hotA hai, usako dikhalAte hue AcArya kahate haiM - mati Adi jJAna jJAnapanA hone se sadA hI bahiraMga arthoM ko viSaya karane vAle nahIM haiM jaise ki svapna jJAna / isa prakAra anumAna se dUsare (bauddha) kahate haiN| parantu unakA yaha kahanA sarvathA asatya hai kyoMki, aisA mAnane para sampUrNa padArthoM ke zUnyapane kA prasaMga AtA hai| tathA ghaTa, paTa Adi bahiraMga arthoM ke jJAna samAna antastattva mAne gae apanA aura anya saMtAnoM kA samyagjJAna bhI nirAlambana ho jAtA hai| kyoMki ghaTa, paTa Adi ke jJAnoM meM aura svasaMtAna-parasaMtAnoM ko jAnane vAle jJAnoM meM jJAnapanA bheda rahita hokara vidyamAna hai ataH svasantAna aura parasantAna ke jJAnoM kA bhI nirAlambana hone ke kAraNa abhAva ho jAne se sarvazUnyapane kA prasaMga aayegaa||8-9|| sampUrNa matijJAna aura zrutajJAna bahiraMga ghaTa, paTa Adi arthoM ko sadA hI viSaya karane vAle nahIM haiM jaise ki svapna kA jJAna bahirbhUta nadI Adi ko Alambana karane vAlA nahIM hai| isa prakAra yaugAcAra bauddha kahate haiM parantu unakA yaha kahanA ayukta hai, kyoMki isa prakAra to bahiraMga arthoM ke saMvedanasamAna apanI jJAna saMtAna aura dUsare kI jJAna saMtAna saMvedana bhI asambhava ho jaayegaa| kyoMki svasaMtAna aura parasaMtAna ke grAhakajJAnoM kI apekSA se svasaMtAna aura parasaMtAna kA bAhyapanA vizeSatA rahita hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 23 matizrutapratyayAH na bAhyArthAlaMbanAH sarvadA pratyayatvAtsvapnapratyayavaditi yogAcArastadayuktaM, srvshuunytvaanussNgaat| bAhyArthasaMvedanavatsvaparasaMtAnasaMvedanAsambhavAdgrAhakajJAnApekSayA svasantAnasya parasantAnasya ca baahytvaavishessaat| saMvedanaM hi yadi kiMcit svasmAdarthAntaraM parasantAnaM svasantAnaM vA puurvaaprkssnnprvaahruupmaalmbte| tadA ghaTAdyarthena tasya ko'parAdhaH kRtaH yatastamapi naalmbte| atha ghaTAdivatsvaparasantAnamapi nAlambata eva tasya svasamAnasamayasya bhinnasamayasya vAlaMbanAsambhavAt / na caivaM svarUpasantAnAbhAvaH svarUpasya svato gateH / nIlAdestu yadi svato gatistadA saMvedanatvameveti svarUpamAtraparyavasitAH sarve pratyayA nirAlambanAH siddhAstatkutaH sarvazUnyatvApattiriti mataM tadasat, varttamAnasaMvedanAtsvayamanubhUyamAnAdanyAni svaparasantAnasaMvedanAni svarUpamAtre paryavasitAnIti nizcetumazakyatvAd / vivAdAdhyAsitAni svarUpasantAnajJAnAni svarUpamAtraparyavasitAni jJAnatvAtsvasaMvedanavadityanumAnAttathA nizcaya iti cet, tasyAnumAnajJAnasya yadi bauddha yoM kaheM ki koI-koI samIcIna jJAna kisI apane jJAnazarIra se nirAle padArtha aura pahile pIche ke kSaNoM meM pravAha svarUpa parasaMtAna ko athavA Age, pIche tInoM kAloM meM pravAhita kSaNika vijJAna svarUpa svasaMtAna ko Alambana kara letA hai, taba to hama jaina kaheMge ki ghaTa Adi artha ke dvArA usa jJAna kA kaunasA aparAdha ho gayA hai? jisase ki vaha jJAna ina ghaTa AdikoM kA Alambana nahIM kara sakatA hai? __ yadi yaugAcAra kahatA hai ki ghaTa, paTa Adi ke samAna svasaMtAna parasaMtAna ko bhI koI jJAna viSaya nahIM karatA hai - kyoMki jJAna ke dvArA svakIya jJAna ke samAna samaya meM aura bhinna samaya meM hone vAle sva para saMtAnoM kA Alambana karanA asambhava hai| isa prakAra mAnane meM vijJAnasvarUpa santAna kA abhAva bhI nahIM hotA hai kyoMki zuddha kSaNikajJAna meM svarUpa kI svataH hI jJapti ho jAtI hai| yadi nIla svalakSaNa, pIta svalakSaNa Adi kI bhI svata: jJapti honA mAna liyA jAe to ve nIla Adi padArtha jJAna svarUpa hI ho jAyeMge isalie kevala apane svarUpa ko jAnane meM lavalIna sampUrNajJAna svayaM se bhinna viSayoM kI apekSA nirAlambana siddha hai aMta: bauddhamata meM kisa prakAra sarvazUnyapane kA prasaMga AegA? (jabaki apaneapane zuddhasvarUpa ko hI prakAzita karane vAle aneka kSaNika vijJAna vidyamAna haiN)| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki ukta jo yaugAcAroM kA mantavya hai, vaha asat hai, kyoMki bhinna-bhinna svasaMtAna ke jJAna aura parasaMtAnoM ke kSaNika jJAna apane-apane kevalasvarUpa ko prakAzita karane meM caritArtha haiN| isa bAta ko svayaM anubhUta vartamAna kAla ke saMvedana se to nizcaya karane ke lie azakya hai| .. punaH yaugAcAra (bauddha) apane mantavya ko anumAna dvArA puSTa karate haiN| vivAda meM sthita svasaMtAna aura parasaMtAna ke trikAlavartI sampUrNa kSaNika vijJAna kA jJAnapanA hone se kevala svakIyarUpa ke prakAzita karane meM lavalIna hai jaise ki svasaMvedana jJAna / isa prakAra yaha anumAna se nizcaya hai arthAt jJAna hI ko jAnane vAlA jaise svasaMvedana jJAna kisI bahiraMga tattva ko nahIM jAnatA hai, usI prakAra ghaTa jJAna, svasaMtAna jJAna, dUsare jinadatta Adi kI saMtAnoM kA jJAna-ye saba svakIya jJAna zarIra ko hI viSaya karate haiM, anya jJeyoM ko nahIM chUte haiN| isa prakAra bauddhoM ke kathana para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki usa anumAna jJAna ko yadi prakaraNa prApta
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 24 prakRtasAlambanatve'nenaiva hetorvyabhicArAtsvarUpamAtraparyavasitatve prakRtasAdhyasyAsmAdasiddheH / saMvedanAdvaitasyaivaM prasiddhastathApi na sarvazUnyatvApattiriti manyamAnaM pratyAha na caivaM sambhavediSTamadvayaM jJAnamuttamam / tato'nyasya nirAkartumazaktestena sarvathA // 10 // yathaiva hi santAnAntarANi svasantAnavedanAni cAnubhUyamAnena saMvedanena sarvathA vidhAtuM na zakyante / tathA prtissiddhmpi| taddhi tAni nirAkurvadAtmamAtravidhAnamukhena vA tatpratiSedhamukhena vA nirAkuryAt / prathamakalpanAyAM dUSaNamAha svato na tasya saMvittiranyasya syAnnirAkRtiH / kimanyasya svasaMvittiranyasya syAnnirAkRtiH // 11 // svayaM saMvedyamAnasya kthmnyairniraakRtiH| paraiH saMvedyamAnasya bhavatAM sA kathaM matA // 12 // sAdhya svarUpamAtra nimagna sAlambanapanA mAnA jAegA, to usa anumAna jJAna se hI jJAnatva hetu kA vyabhicAra AtA hai kyoMki isa anumAna meM jJAnapana hetu to raha gayA aura kevala apane svarUpa meM lavalInapanA sAdhya nahIM rhaa| yadi isa vyabhicAra ke nivAraNArtha isa anumAnajJAna ko bhI svarUpamAtra ke prakAzane meM hI lagA huA nirviSaya mAnoge, apane viSayabhUta sAdhya kA jJApana karane vAlA nahIM mAnoge to isa anumAna se prakaraNa prApta sAdhya svarUpamAtra prakAzana kI siddhi nahIM ho skegii| saMvedanAdvaita hI prasiddha hai usameM sarvazUnyatA kI Apatti nahIM hai| isa prakAra kahane vAle bauddha ke prati AcArya kahate haiM - isa prakAra bauddhoM ke dvArA kathita saMvedanAdvaita jJAna uttamarUpa se iSTa evaM saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki saMvedana se anya ghaTa, paTAdika viSayoM kA sarvathA nirAkaraNa karanA zakya nahIM hai||10|| jisa prakAra vartamAna kAla meM bhUta saMvedana jJAna anya saMtAnoM ke jJAnoM aura apanI jJAnamAlA rUpa saMtAna ke vijJAnoM kI vidhi karAne ke lie sarvathA samartha nahIM hai| usI prakAra vaha jJAna aMtaraMga bahiraMga jJeyoM ke niSedha karane ke lie bhI samartha nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki jo jisakA vidhAna nahIM kara sakatA hai, vaha usakA kvacit niSedha bhI nahIM kara sakatA hai| ___ vaha anubhUta jJAna yadi una pRthak - pRthak sva para saMtAnoM kA nirAkaraNa karatA bhI hai to kyA kevala apanI vidhi ke mukha se unakA niSedha karatA hai? athavA una anya padArthoM ke niSedha kI mukhyatA karake niSedha karatA hai? prathama kalpanA iSTa karane para jo dUSaNa Ate haiM unake bAre meM AcArya kahate haiM - usa anubhUyamAna saMvedana kI svonmukha svayaM apane Apase kevala apanI hI samvitti hone se to anya padArthoM kA nirAkaraNa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki kyA anya padArthoM kI svasamvitti usase dUsare padArthoM kA niSedhasvarUpa ho sakatI hai? kabhI nahIM // 11 // svakIya jJAnasaMtAna athavA parakIya jJAnasaMtAna ke saMvedyamAna jJAna kA anya jJAnoM ke dvArA nirAkaraNa kaise ho sakatA hai? tathA Apane dUsaroM ke dvArA saMvedana kie gae padArtha kA anya ke dvArA nirAkaraNa kara denA kaise mAna liyA hai? // 12 //
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 25 paraiH saMvedyamAnaM vedanamastIti jJAtumazaktestasya nirAkRtirasmAkaM mateti cet, tarhi tannAstIti jJAtumazaktestadvyavasthitiH kinna mtaa| nanu tadastIti jJAtumazakyatvameva / tannAstIti jJAtuM zaktiriticet, tannAstIti jnyaatumshkytvmev| tadastIti jJAtuM zaktirastu vishessaabhaavaat| yadi punastadastinAstIti vA jJAtumazakteH saMdigdhamiti matistadApi kathaM saMvedanAdvaitaM siddhyedasaMzayamiti cintyatAM / saMvedanAntaraM pratiSedhamukhena niraakrotiiti| dvitIyakalpanAyAM punaradvaitavedanasiddhirdUrotsAritaiva tatpratiSedhajJAnasya dvitIyasya bhAvAt / svayaM tatpratiSedhakaraNAdadoSa iti cet, tarhi svprvidhiprtissedhvissymeksNvednmityaayaatN| tathA caikameva vastusAdhyaM sAdhanaM vApekSAtaH kArya kAraNaM ca, bAdhyaM bAdhakaM cetyAdi kinna siddhyet / viruddhadharmAdhyAsAditi cet, __dUsaroM ke dvArA saMvedyamAna jJAna haiM, isa bAta ko hama nahIM jAna sakate haiM ataH una anya vedyajJAnoM kA nirAkaraNa ho jAnA hamAre yahA~ mAna liyA gayA hai| - isa prakAra bauddhoM ke kahane para to dUsaroM se saMvedyamAna ve jJAna nahIM haiM,' isako bhI to hama nahIM jAna sakate haiM ata: una jJAnoM ke sadbhAva kI vyavasthA kyoM nahIM mAna lI jAtI hai arthAt hama jaina chadmastha jIva yadi paramANu, puNya, pApa, parakIya sukha, duHkha Adi kI vidhi nahIM karA sakate haiM to unakA niSedha bhI nahIM kara sakate haiN| yadi jAnane yogya ve jJAna haiM- isa bAta ko nahIM jAna sakanA hI ve nahIM haiM' isa bAta ko jAnane kI zakti hai| isa prakAra bauddhoM ke kahane para hama jaina bhI kaha sakate haiM ki una anyoM ke dvArA jAnane yogya jJAna nahIM haiN| isa bAta ko jAnane ke lie azakyatA hI 've jJAna haiM' isa bAta ko jAnane ke lie zakti ho jAtI hai, unameM koI antara nahIM hai| yadi phira ve santAnAntaroM ke jJAna evaM apane jJAna "haiM athavA nahIM haiM-" isa bAta ko nirNItarUpa se nahIM jAnane ke kAraNa una jJAnoM ke sadbhAva kA saMdeha prApta hotA hai| bauddhoM ke aisA kahane para to hama kaheMge ki tumhArA mAnA gayA saMvedanAdvaita saMzaya rahita hotA huA kaise siddha hogA? isa bAta kA cintana kro| anubhUyamAna pRthak saMvedana pratiSedha mukha se anya jJeyoM kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai, aisI dvitIya kalpanA yadi Apako iSTa hai, taba to phira advaita samvedana kI siddhi honA dUra hI pheMka diyA jaayegaa| kyoMki svakIya vidhi ko hI karane vAle jJAna ke atirikta dUsarA una anya jJeyoM ke pratiSedha ko jAnane vAle jJAna kA sadbhAva hai| do jJAnoM ke hone para advaita kahA~ rahA? dvaita ho gyaa| ... yadi bauddha yoM kahe ki sva kI vidhi ko karane vAlA vaha saMvedana svayaM akelA anya jJAna yA jJeyoM kA pratiSedha kara detA hai| ata: hamAre jJAna advaita siddhAnta meM koI doSa nahIM hai, taba to hama kaheMge ki svarUpa kI vidhi ko aura pararUpa ke niSedha ko viSaya karane vAlA eka hI saMvedana siddha hotA hai| isa prakAra aneka dharma vAle ekadharmI padArtha ke mAnane kA prasaMga AtA hai aura aisA hone para syAdvAda siddhAntAnusAra eka hI vastu sAdhya athavA sAdhana kI apekSAoM se kyoM nahIM siddha hogI? arthAt eka hI jJAna sAdhya aura sAdhana ho sakatA hai| athavA kAraka pakSAnusAra dhUma vahni kA sAdhya hai aura jJApaka pakSAnusAra agni kA dhUma sAdhana hai| tathA eka hI padArtha apane kAraNoM kA kArya aura apane kAryoM kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| isI prakAra bAdhya
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 26 tata eva saMvedanamekaM svapararUpavidhipratiSedhaviSayaM mAbhUtsvApekSAvidhAyakaM parApekSayA pratiSedhakamityavirodhe svakAryApekSayA kAraNaM svakAraNApekSayA kaarymityvirodho'stu| atha svato'nyasya kAryasya kAraNasya vA sAdhyasya sAdhakasya vA sadbhAvAsiddheH kathaM tadapekSA yatastatkAryaM kAraNaM bAdhyaM bAdhakaM ca sAdhyaM sAdhanaM ca syAditi brUte tarhi parasya sadbhAvAsiddheH kathaM tadapekSA yatastatparasya pratiSedhakaM svavidhAyakaM vA syAdityupahAsAspadaM tattvaM sugatena bhAvitamityAha na sAdhyasAdhanatvAdirna ca styetrsthitiH| te svasiddhirapItyetattattvaM sugatabhAvitam / / 13 / / bAdhaka bhAva bhI eka ho sakatA h| aise hI AdhAra-Adheya, guru-ziSya, viSaya-viSayI Adi bhI apekSAoM se eka-eka hI padArtha siddha ho jAte haiN| viruddha dharmoM se AlIr3ha ho jAne ke kAraNa eka hI padArtha sAdhya aura sAdhana athavA kArya aura kAraNa Adi nahIM ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra bauddhoM ke kahane para hama kaheMge ki to phira eka saMvedana bhI svarUpa kI vidhi aura para-rUpa ke niSedha ko viSaya karane vAlA nahIM ho sktaa| isameM bhI to saMvedana meM vidhAyakapana aura niSedhakapana do viruddha dharma haiN| yadi bauddha kaheM ki svarUpa kI apekSA vidhAyakapanA aura pararUpa kI apekSA niSedhakapanA ina do dharmoM ko mAnane para koI virodha nahIM hai| taba to hama anekAntavAdI bhI kaha deMge ki apane kAryoM kI apekSA se kAraNapanA aura apane kAraNoM kI apekSA se kAryapanA bhI eka padArtha meM virodha rahita ho sakatA hai| arthAt apane guru kI apekSA se jinadatta ziSya tathA apane par3hAye hue ziSyoM kI apekSA se vahI jinadatta guru bhI ho sakatA hai| __bauddha kahate haiM ki svayaM jJAnAdvaita kI apekSA to anya kArya kI aura kAraNa kI athavA sAdhya aura sAdhaka kI sattA hI asiddha hai| ata: una anya padArthoM kI apekSA kaise ho sakatI hai? jisase ki eka padArtha hI apekSAkRta kArya aura kAraNa athavA bAdhya aura bAdhaka tathA sAdhya aura sAdhana ho ske| isa para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki taba to para ke sadbhAva kI asiddhi ho jAne ke kAraNa kisa prakAra usa para kI apekSA ho sakegI? jisase ki vaha eka hI saMvedana para kA niSedha karane vAlA aura sva kA vidhAna karAne vAlA ho ske| ata: saMvedana jJAna ko sva kA vidhAyaka aura para kA niSedhaka mAnanA sugata ke dvArA hAsyAspada tattva kahA gayA hai| isI bAta ko zrI vidyAnanda AcArya vArttika dvArA spaSTa karate haiM - jJAnAdvaitavAdiyoM ke yahA~ sAdhya-sAdhana, kArya-kAraNa, bAdhya-bAdhaka Adi tathA satya-asatya kI koI vyavasthA nahIM hai| aisI dazA meM tumhAre iSTa svatattva saMvedana kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai ata: kSaNika zuddha vijJAnAdvaita svarUpa tattva ko sugata ne zrutamayI, cintAmayI bhAvanAoM dvArA vicArA hai! yaha hAsyAspada kathana hai||13||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 27 tataH svarUpasiddhimicchatA satyetarasthitiraGgIkartavyA sAdhyasAdhanatvAdirapi svIkaraNIya iti bAhyArthAlambanAH pratyayAH kecitsantyeva, sarvathA teSAM nirAlambanatvasya vyvsthaanaayogaat|| akSajJAnaM bahirvastu vetti na smaraNAdikaM / ityuktaM tu pramANena bAhyArthasyAsya sAdhanAt // 14 // zrutaM tu bAhyArthAlambanaM / kathamityucyatezrutenArthaM paricchidya vartamAno na bAdhyate / akSajeneva tattasya bAhyArthAlaMbanA sthitiH||15|| sAmAnyameva zrutaM prakAzayati vizeSameva parasparanirapekSamubhayameveti vA zaMkAmapAkarotianekAntAtmakaM vastu saMprakAzayati zrutaM / sadbodhatvAdyathAkSotthabodha ityupapattimat // 16 // isalie saMvedana ke svarUpa ko siddhi ko cAhane vAle bauddhoM ke dvArA satyapana aura asatyapana kI vyavasthA svIkAra kI jAnI cAhie tathA saMvedana ko sAdhyapanA aura pratibhAsamAnatva ko sAdhanapanA, pUrva paryAya ko kAraNapanA aura uttara paryAya ko kAryapanA yA advaita ko bAdhyapanA aura dvaita ko bAdhakapanA Adi bhI svIkAra karane caahie| isa prakAra mAnane para koI jJAna bahiraMga arthoM ko bhI viSaya karane vAle haiM hii| una ghaTa jJAna Adi pratyayoM kA sarvathA nirAlambapane kI vyavasthA karane kA tumhAre pAsa koI samIcIna vyavasthA kA yoga nahIM hai| ___indriyoM se utpanna hue jJAna to bahiraMga padArthoM ko jAnate haiM kintu smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna, zrutajJAna Adi bahiraMga padArthoM ko nahIM jAnate haiM isa prakAra kahanA bhI yuktiyoM se rahita hai, kyoMki pramANoM ke dvArA isa bahirbhUta artha kI siddhi kI jA cukI hai| arthAt una vAstavika bAhya arthoM ko viSaya karane vAle sabhI samIcIna matijJAna aura zrutajJAna haiM; jo jJAna viSayoM ko sparza nahIM karate ve matijJAnAbhAsa aura zrutajJAnAbhAsa haiN||14|| zrutajJAna bAhya arthoM ko viSaya karane vAlA kaise hai? isa prakAra jijJAsA hone para kahate haiM - .. zrutajJAna ke dvArA artha kI paricchitti kara pravRtti karane vAlA puruSa arthakriyA karane meM usI taraha bAdhA ko prApta nahIM hotA hai, jaise indriyajanya matijJAna ke dvArA artha ko jAnakara pravRtti karane vAlA puruSa bAdhA ko prApta nahIM hotaa| ata: usa zrutajJAna ke bahiraMga arthoM ke Alambana karane kI vyavasthA bana jAtI hai||15|| mImAMsaka kahate haiM ki zrutajJAna kevala sAmAnya ko hI prakAzita karatA hai| bauddhoM kA ekAnta hai ki 'vizeSA eva tattvaM' sabhI padArtha vizeSasvarUpa haiM, sAmAnya koI vastubhUta nahIM hai, ataH zrutajJAna vizeSa ko hI jAnatA hai| vaizeSikoM naiyAyikoM kA yaha kahanA hai ki paraspara meM eka dUsare kI apekSA nahIM karate hue pRthak-pRthak sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM ko hI zrutajJAna viSaya karatA hai| isa prakAra ekAntavAdiyoM kI AzaMkAoM kA zrI vidyAnanda svAmI nirAkaraNa karate haiM jisa prakAra samIcIna jJAna hone se indriyoM se utpanna huA sAMvyavahArika pratyakSajJAna anekAntAtmaka artha ko prakAzita karatA hai, usI prakAra sAmAnya aura vizeSarUpa aneka dharmoM ke sAtha tadAtmaka vastu ko zrutajJAna prakAzita karatA hai| isa prakAra vaha zrutajJAna sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka vastu ko prakAzita karatA hai yaha yuktiyoM se yukta hai||16||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 28 nayena vyabhicAraznenna tasya gunnbhaavtH| svagocarArthadharmANyadharmArthaprakAzanAt // 17 // zrutasyAvastuveditve parapratyAyanaM kutH| saMvRtezcadvathaivaiSA paramArthasya nishciteH||18|| nanu svata eva paramArthavyavasthiteH kutazcidavidyAprakSayAnna punaH zrutavikalpAt taduktaM "zAstreSu prakriyAbhedairavidyaivopavarNyate / anAgamavikalpA hi svayaM vidyopavarttata' iti tadayuktaM , pareSTatattvasyApratyakSaviSayatvA-ttadviparItasyAnekAntAtmano vastunaH sarvadA prsyaapyvbhaasnaat| liGgasya tvasyAGgIkaraNIyatvAt / na ca tatra liMgaM vAstavamasti tasya sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvena pratyakSata eva prazna - Upara kahe gae anumAna meM diye gaye samIcIna jJAnapana hetu kA naya ke dvArA vyabhicAra AtA hai, kyoMki nayajJAna samIcIna jJAna to hai kintu vaha anekAnta vastu ko prakAzita nahIM karatA hai arthAt anekAnta ko jAnane vAlA jJAna pramANa jJAna hai, naya ekAnta hai| uttara - aisA nahIM kahanA kyoMki usa naya jJAna ko apane viSayabhUta artha dharma se atiriktaM dharmIrUpa artha ko prakAzita karAnA gauNa rUpa se mAna liyA gayA hai ataH naya se vyabhicAra doSa nahIM AtA hai| sunayajJAna anya dharmoM kA niSedhaka nahIM hai||17|| arthAt pramANajJAna mukhya rUpa se aneka dharmAtmaka vastu ko jAnatA hai aura naya jJAna mukhya rUpa se vastu ke eka dharma kA kathana karatA hai parantu gauNa rUpa se vastu ke anya dharmoM yA dharmI ko bhI jAnatA hai| zrutajJAna ko vastubhUta padArtha kA jJApaka nahIM mAnakara avastuvAdI mAnA jAyegA to dUsare prativAdI yA ziSyoM ko svakIya tattvoM kA kisa upAya se jJAna karAyA jaaegaa| saMvRtti (laukika vyavahAra kI apekSA) se zrutajJAna dvArA dUsaroM kA samajhAnA mAna lene para hama kaheMge ki yaha saMvRtti to vRthA hai| jo saMvRtti jhUThI hai, anizcita hai, vRthA hai, kalpanArUpa hai, usase paramArtha vastu kA nizcaya kaise ho sakatAhai? kintu zAstroM dvArA paramArtha kA nizcaya ho rahA hai| dUsaroM kA ThIka samajhanA bhI ho rahA hai ataH vastu ko jAnane vAlA zrutajJAna pramANa hai|||18|| zaMkA - paramArthabhUta padArtha kI vyavasthA to "kisI bhI anirvacanIya kAraNa se avidyA kA prakRSTa kSaya ho jAne para svataH hI ho jAtI hai, kintu vikalparUpa mithyA zrutajJAna se vastubhUta artha kI vyavasthA nahIM ho pAtI hai| bauddhoM ke granthoM meM kahA gayA hai ki zAstroM meM bhinna-bhinna prakriyA dvArA avidyA hI kahI jAtI hai| kyoMki zabda vastubhUta artha ko nahI chUte haiN| svayaM samyagjJAnarUpa vidyA to AgamasvarUpa nirviSaya vikalpajJAnoM ke gocara nahIM hotI hai apitu vidyA svayaM hI anAgama avikalpa rUpa se pravRtta hotI hai| isa prakAra bauddhoM kA kahanA ayukta hai, kyoMki dUsare bauddhoM ke yahA~ iSTa tattvoM kA pratyakSa jJAna ke dvArA agocara hone se bauddhoM ko iSTa kSaNika vijJAna Adi tattvoM se viparIta anekAntAtmaka vastu kA hI sarvadA pratyakSa dvArA pratibhAsa hotA hai ataH pratyakSa kI pravRtti nahIM hone para apane abhISTa tattva kI jJapti karAne ke lie liMga ko avazya svIkAranA caahie| kintu usa iSTa tattva ko sAdhane meM tumhAre pAsa koI vastubhUta jJApaka liMga nahIM hai kyoMki isa hetu kI apane sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAvIpana karake pratyakSa pramANa se pratipatti nahIM
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 29 pratipattumazakteranumAnAntarAt pratipattAvanavasthAprasaMgAt, pravacanAdapi neSTatattvavyavasthitiH tasya tadviSayatvAyogAditi kathamapi tadgaterabhAvAt svatastattvAvabhAsanAsambhavAt / tathA coktN| "pratyakSabuddhiH kramate na yatra talliGgagamyaM na tadarthaliGgaM / vAco na vA tadviSaye na yoga: kA tadgatiH kaSTamasRjyatAnte // " iti| tata eva vedyavedakabhAvaH pratipAdyapratipAdakabhAvo vA na paramArthataH kintu saMvRtyaiveti cet, tadiha mahAdhASTyaM yenAya viSTikamapi jayet / tathoktaM / "saMvRtyA sAdhayaMstattvaM jayeddhArcena DiMDikaM / matyA mattavilAsinyA rAjavipropadezinaM // " iti| kathaM vA saMvRtyasaMvRtyoH vibhAgaM buddhyet? saMvRtyeti cet, sA cAnizcitA tayaiva kiJcinizcinotIti kathamanunmattaH, sudUramapi gatvA svayaM kiJcinizcinvan paraM ca nizcAyayanvedyavedakabhAvaM pratipAdyapratipAdaka bhAvaM ca paramArthataH svIkartumarhatyeva, anyathopekSaNIyatvaprasaMgAt / tathA ca vastuviSayamadhyakSamiva zrutaM siddhaM sdbodhvttvaanythaanupptteH| tarhi dravyeSveva matizrutayornibaMdhostu teSAmeva vastutvAt paryAyANAM parikalpitatvAt paryAyeSveva vA dravyasyAvastutvAditi ca manyamAnaM pratyAhakI jA sakatI hai| arthAt vyApti jJAna to vicAraka hai, usako bauddha pramANa nahIM mAnate haiN| jo-jo dhUmavAn pradeza haiM ve-ve agnimAna haiM, itane vicAroM ko vicAra karane ke lie pratyakSa kaise bhI samartha nahIM ho sakatA hai| yadi sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAvIpana kI pratipatti dUsare anumAna se kI jAegI to usa anumAna ke udaya meM bhI vyApti kI AvazyakatA pdd'egii| phira bhI vyApti jAnane ke lie anya-anya anumAnoM kI zaraNa meM jAne se anavasthA doSa A jAne kA prasaMga AtA hai| bauddhoM ke iSTatattvoM kI vyavasthA pravacana se bhI nahIM . ho sakatI hai, kyoMki Apake mata meM Agama ko una iSTa padArthoM ke viSaya karane kA ayoga hai| isa prakAra bauddha mata meM usa iSTa tattva kA jJAna kaise bhI nahIM ho sakatA hai| una tattvoM kA svata: prakAza honA to asambhava hai| bauddhoM ke granthoM meM bhI kahA hai ki tattva meM pratyakSajJAna pravRtti nahIM karatA hai aura jo tattva jJApaka hetuoM ke dvArA jAnane yogya nahIM hai usako jAnane ke lie koI jJApaka hetu abhISTa nahIM hai; tathA apane iSTa viSayoM meM vAcaka zabdoM kA vAcyavAcaka sambandha bhI nahIM hai| ata: Agama dvArA bhI iSTa tattva nahIM jAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama ina pramANoM ke gocara nahIM hone se iSTa tattvoM kI kyA gati hogI? atIndriya arthoM kA zAstra dvArA zravaNa nahIM honA mAnane vAle bauddhoM kI dayanIya dazA para kaSTa utpanna hotA vastuta: vedyavedaka bhAva athavA pratipAdya pratipAdaka bhAva hI nahIM hai| kintu laukika vyavahAra se hI jJeyajJAyaka bhAva aura pratipAdya pratipAdaka bhAva jagat meM kalpita kara liye gaye haiN| isa prakAra bauddhoM ke kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki isa prakaraNa meM isa prakAra kahanA bar3I bhArI haThadharmitA hai| jisa durAgraha se yaha bauddha mahAnirlajja ha~sI karane vAle bhAMDoM ko bhI jIta legA, usI prakAra granthoM meM bhI likhA huA hai ki jhUThe vyavahAra se tattvoM ko siddha karane vAlA bauddha apanI dhIThatA se vidUSaka yA bhAMDa athavA DoMDIvAle ko bhI jIta legaa| jo DiMDika madonmatta vilAsa karane vAlI buddhi se bar3e bhArI vidvAna rAjapurohita ko bhI upadeza sunAtA rahatA hai| isa prakAra upahAsa aura bhartsanA se bauddhoM ke ni:sAra mata kA kathana kiyA hai| ____tathA vijJAnAdvaitavAdI bauddha saMvRtti (vyavahAra satya) aura asaMvRtti (mukhya satya) padArthoM ke vibhAga ko kaise samajha sakegA? kyoMki advaita meM saMvRtti aura asaMvRtti kA vibhAga nahIM ho sktaa|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 30 sarvaparyAyamuktAni na syurdravyANi jAtucit / sadviyuktAzca paryAyAH zazazRMgoccatAdivat // 19 // na santi sarvaparyAyamuktAni dravyANi sarvaparyAyanirmuktatvAcchazazRGgavat / na santyekAntaparyAyAH sarvathA drvymukttvaacchshshRnggocctvaadivt| tato na tadviSayatvaM matizrutayoH zaGkanIyaM pratItivirodhAt // nAzeSaparyayAkrAntatanUni ca cakAsati / dravyANi prakRtajJAne tathA yogyatvahAnitaH // 20 // yadi bauddha yoM kahe ki jhUThe vyavahAra se hI saMvRtti aura asaMvRtti kA vibhAga mAna liyA.jAegA hai to vaha saMvRtti to svayaM anizcita hai ataH usa anizcita saMvRtti se kisI padArtha kA nizcaya karane vAlA bauddha unmatta kaise nahIM hai? arthAt anizcita padArtha se kisI vastu kA nizcaya karane vAlA puruSa unmatta hI kahA jaaegaa| bahuta dUra bhI jAkara yaha bauddha svayaM kisI kA nizcaya karatA huA, aura dUsare pratipAdya ko yadi anya padArtha kA nizcaya karAnA mAnegA taba to vedyavedakabhAva aura pratipAdyapratipAdaka bhAvako vAstavikarUpa se svIkAra karane ke lie yogya ho hI jAtA hai| arthAt svayaM nizcaya karane se vedyavedakabhAva aura parapuruSa ko nizcaya karAne se pratipAdyapratipAdakabhAva ho hI jAtA hai| anyathA kisI nizcita pramANa yA vAkya se anizcita kA nizcaya karAnA nahIM mAnoge athavA nizcita kiye gae tattva se anya kA nizcaya karanA mAnate hue bhI vedyavedakabhAva aura pratipAdyapratipAdakabhAva ko nahIM mAnoge to upekSaNIyapanA prApta ho jAne kA prasaMga aaegaa| bhAvArtha - aisI aprAmANika bAta kahane vAle bauddha kI anya vidvAn koI apekSA nahIM rkheNge| ataH pratyakSa ke samAna zrutajJAna bhI vastubhUta artha ko viSaya karane vAlA siddha ho jAtA hai| kyoMki sadbodhapanA anyathA (pAramArthika padArtha ko viSaya karanA mAne binA) nahIM bana sakatA hai| zrutajJAna kA sAlambanapanA siddha ho jAne para akele dravyoM meM hI matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kA viSaya niyata rahegA, kyoMki una dravyoM ko hI vastubhUtapanA hai| paryAyeM to parikalpita haiM yathArtha nahIM haiM athavA paryAyoM meM hI mati zrutajJAnoM kI viSaya niyati hai kyoMki dravya to vastubhUta padArtha nahIM hai| isa prakAra mAnane vAle prativAdiyoM ke prati AcArya kahate haiM - vastubhUta dravya sampUrNa paryAyoM se rahita kadApi nahIM ho sakate haiM aura kharagoza ke sIMga kI U~cAI Adi ke samAna paryAyeM bhI sat dravya se rahita kabhI bhI nahIM ho sakatI haiM arthAt zaza ke sIMga nahIM haiM ata: usakI U~cAI Adi kucha bhI nahIM hai| tathA dravya ke binA kevala paryAyeM aura paryAyoM ke binA dravya sthira nahIM rahatA hai| paryAya aura dravyoM kA tadAtmaka piNDa vastubhUta dravya hai||19|| ___sampUrNa paryAyoM se rahita jIva Adi dravya nahIM haiM, jaise sampUrNa paryAyoM se sarvathA rahitapanA hone se zaza kA sIMga koI vastu nahIM hai| ataH matijJAna aura zrutajJAna meM kevala dravyoM kA yA kevala paryAyoM kA viSaya karate haiM; aisI zaMkA karane yogya nahIM hai kyoMki isameM pramANasiddha pratItiyoM se virodha AtA hai| azeSa paryAyoM se AkrAnta zarIra vAle dravya matijJAna aura zrutajJAna meM pratibhAsita nahIM hote haiM kyoMki isa prakAra kI yogyatArUpa kSayopazama yA kSaya kA abhAva hai| arthAt sampUrNa padArthoM ke mAnane ke kSayopazama kA matizrutajJAna meM abhAva hai||20||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 31 nanu ca yadi dravyANyanaMtaparyAyANi vastutvaM bibhrati tadA matizrutAbhyAM tadviSayAbhyAM bhavitavyamanyathA tayoravastuviSayatvApatteriti na codyaM, tathA yogytaapaayaat| na hi vastu sattAmAtreNa jJAnaviSayatvamupayAti / sarvasya sarvadA srvpurussjnyaanvissytvprsnggaat| kiM tarhi vastunaH paricchittau kAraNamityAha jJAnasyArthaparicchittau kAraNaM naanydiikssyte| yogyatAyAstadutpattiH sArUpyAdiSu satsvapi // 21 // yasmAdutpadyate jJAnaM yena ca sarUpaM tasya grAhakamityayuktaM, samAnArthasamanantarapratyayasya tenAgrahaNAt / tadgrahaNayogyatApAyAttasyAgrahaNe yogyataiva viSayagrahaNanimittaM vedanasyetyAyAtam / yogyatA punarvedanasya svAvaraNavicchedavizeSa evetyuktpraaym|| zaMkA - ananta paryAya vAle dravya yadi vastutva ko dhAraNa karate haiM to matijJAna-zrutajJAna ke dvArA una sampUrNa anantaparyAyoM ko viSaya kara lenA caahie| anyathA una donoM jJAnoM ke avastu ke viSaya kara lene kA prasaMga aayegaa| samAdhAna - AcArya kahate haiM ki isa prakAra kA kucodya karanA acchA nahIM hai, kyoMki isa prakAra anantaparyAyoM athavA sampUrNa paryAyoM ke jAnane kI yogyatA kA mati zruta donoM jJAnoM meM abhAva hai| kyoMki kevala jagat meM sadbhAva ho jAne se hI koI vastu jJAna ke viSayapane ko prApta nahIM hotI hai| yadi jagat meM padArtha vidyamAna hai, itane mAtra se jJAna kA viSaya honA mAnane para to sarva padArthoM kA sadA hI sampUrNa jIvoM ke jJAna meM viSaya ho jAne kA prasaMga aaegaa| vastu kI yathArtha jJapti karane meM kyA kAraNa hai? isa prakAra jijJAsA hone para AcArya kahate haiM bauddhoM dvArA mAne gaye jJAna kA viSaya ke prati niyama karane meM tadutpatti, tadAkAratA, tadadhyavasAya Adi ke hone para bhI yogyatA ke atirikta anya koI kAraNa artha kI paricchitti karane meM nahIM dikha rahA hai| arthAt jJAna kI utpatti meM padArtha kAraNa nahIM hai, na tadAkAra kAraNa hai aura na hI artha kA adhyavasAya kAraNa hai apitu jJAna kI utpatti meM kAraNa hai - jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama rUpa yogyatA, arthagrahaNa karane kI vyApti // 21 // jisa kAraNa se jJAna utpanna hotA hai aura jisake samAnarUpa pratibimba ko le letA hai, vaha jJAna usakA grAhaka hai, isa prakAra bauddhoM kA kahanA yukti rahita hai| kyoMki donoM kAraNoM ke rahate hue bhI samAna artha ke samanantara pratyaya kA usa dUsare uttaravartI jJAna ke dvArA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai jabaki pUrvavartI jJAna se dUsarA jJAna utpanna huA hai aura pUrva jJAna kA uttara jJAna meM AkAra bhI par3A huA hai, phira vaha uttaravartI jJAna pUrvajJAna ko viSaya kyoM nahIM karatA hai? usa pUrvajJAna ke grahaNa karane kI yogyatA nahIM hone se uttarajJAna dvArA usakA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai, aisA mAnane para to sarvatra jJAna ke dvArA viSaya ke grahaNa hone meM nimittakAraNa yA niyamakI yogyatA hI hai, yaha siddhAnta siddha hotA hai aura jJAna kI yogyatA apane AvaraNa karane vAle karmoM kA kSayopazamavizeSa hI hai| isa bAta ko pUrva prakaraNa meM kaha cuke haiN| ata: jJAnAvaraNa karmoM kA vizeSarUpa se kSaya ho jAne svarUpa yogyatA ke nahIM hone para matijJAna aura zrutajJAna anantaparyAyoM ko nahIM jAna sakate haiM /
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 32 rUpiSvavadheH // 27 // kimarthamidaM sUtramityAhapratyakSasyAvadhe: keSu viSayeSu nibandhanam / iti nirNItaye prAha rUpiSvityAdikaM vcH||1|| rUpaM pudglsaamaanygunnstenoplkssyte| sparzAdiriti tadyogAt rUpiNIti vinizcayaH // 2 // teSveva niyamo'sarvaparyAyeSvavadheH sphuTam / dravyeSu viSayeSvevamanuvRttirvidhIyate // 3 // rUpaM mUrtirityeke, teSAmasarvagatadravyaparimANaM mUrtiH sparzAdirvA mUrtiriti mataM syaat| prathamapakSe jIvasyarUpitvaprasaktirasarvagatadravyaparimANalakSaNAyA mUrtastatra bhaavaat| sarvagatatvAdAtmanastadbhAva iti cenna avadhijJAna ke viSaya ko batAne ke lie AcArya sUtra kahate haiM - rUpavAna padArthoM meM avadhijJAna kA viSaya niyamita hai| arthAt dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina amUrta dravyoM ko chor3akara pudgala ke sAtha bandha ko prApta mUrta jIva dravya aura pudgala dravya tathA ina do dravyoM kI katipaya paryAyoM meM avadhijJAna kI pravRtti niyata hai // 27 // kisa prayojana kI siddhi ke lie yaha sUtra kahA hai? aisI jijJAsA hone para AcArya kahate haiM tIsare pratyakSa jJAna svarUpa avadhi kA kina viSayoM meM niyama hai? isakA nirNaya karane ke lie "rUpiSvavadheH" isa prakAra sUtra vacana ko kahA hai| arthAt isa sUtra ke kahe binA avadhijJAna ke viSaya kA niyama nahIM ho sktaa||1|| rUpa pudgala kA sAmAnya guNa hai ata: usa rUpa ke kathana se sparza, rasa Adi bhI pudgala ke guNa upalakSaNa se grahaNa ho jAte haiN| isalie rUpa, rasa Adi ke yoga se pudgala rUpI hai, aisA nizcaya hotA hai / / 2 / / una rUpa vAle dravyoM meM hI aura unakI alpa paryAyoM meM hI avadhijJAna kA viSaya niyama spaSTa rUpa se vizada hai| isa sUtra meM pUrva sUtra se 'dravyeSu' aura 'asarvaparyAyeSu' tathA pUrva sUtra se 'viSayeSu' isa prakAra tIna padoM kI anuvRtti kara lI jAtI hai, 'nibandhaH' yaha pada bhI calA A rahA hai ataH avadhijJAna kA viSayanibandha rUpI dravyoM meM aura unakI asarvaparyAyoM meM hI hai, yaha vAkyArtha hotA hai||3|| ___ koI kahate haiM ki rUpa zabda kA artha mUrti hai| isa para jaina pUchate haiM ki una vidvAnoM ke yahA~ kyA avyApaka dravyoM ke pariNAma ko mUrti mAnA hai? athavA sparza Adi guNa hI mUrti hai? yaha mantavya hai| prathama pakSa grahaNa karane para to jIva dravya ko bhI rUpIpane kA prasaMga AyegA kyoMki avyApaka dravya ke pariNAmasvarUpa mUrti kA usa jIva dravya meM sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai| sarvatra vyApaka hone ke kAraNa Atmadravya ke usa avyApaka dravyapariNAmasvarUpa mUrti kA abhAva hai| arthAt sarvagata AtmA amUrta hai aisA kahanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki pratyeka AtmA apane zarIra pramANa rahatI hai, yaha siddha kara diyA gayA hai| pratyeka jIva kI AtmA usake zarIra barAbara hotI huI avyApaka dravya hai, vyApaka nahIM hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 33 zarIraparimANAnuvidhAyinastasya prasAdhanAt / sparzAdimUrtirityasmiMstu pakSe rUpaM pudgalasAmAnyaguNastena sparzAdirUpaM lakSyate iti tadyogAdrvyANi rUpINi mUrtimanti kathitAni bhavantyeva tatheha dravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu iti nibandha iti cAnuvartate / tenedamuktaM bhavati mUrtimatsu dravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu viSayeSu avadhernibandha iti / kuta evaM nAnyathetyAha svazaktivazato'sarvaparyAyeSveva varttanam / tasya nAnAgatAtItAnantaparyAyayogiSu // 4 // pudgaleSu tathAkAzAdiSvamUrteSu jAtucit / iti yuktaM sunirNItAsambhavadvAdhakatvataH // 5 // atrAsarvaparyAyarUpidravyajJAnAvaraNakSayopazamavizeSAvadheH svazaktistadvazAttasyAsarvaparyAyeSveva pudgaleSu vRtti tItAdyanantaparyAyeSu nApyamUrteSvAkAzAdiSu iti yuktmutpshyaamH| sunirNItAsambhavadbAdhakatvAnmatizrutayornibandho dravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSvityAdivat / / dvitIya kalpanAnusAra sparza Adi guNa mUrta haiN| isa prakAra ke pakSa kA grahaNa karane para to abhISTa artha siddha ho jAtA hai| kyoMki pudgala dravya kA sAmAnya guNa rUpa hai| usa rUpa ke dvArA sparza, rasa Adi guNoM kA upalakSaNa kara liyA jAtA hai ata: usa rUpa ke yoga se rUpavAle dravya matvarthIya pratyaya dvArA mUrti vAle kaha die jAte haiN| isalie pUrva sUtroM se "dravyeSu" "asarvaparyAyeSu", "viSayeSu" ye zabda aura 'nibandha' isa prakAra cAra zabdoM kI anuvRtti kara lenI caahie| ina zabdoM dvArA isa vAkyArtha kA jJAna ho jAtA hai ki mUrttimAna dravya aura katipaya paryAya svarUpa viSayoM meM avadhijJAna kA niyama hai| arthAt mUrtimAn dravyoM aura unakI thor3I sI paryAyoM meM avadhijJAna kA viSaya niyata hai| .. avadhijJAna kA viSaya rUpI padArtha hI hai, anya nhiiN| aisA niyama kaise ho sakatA hai? usI ko AcArya kahate haiM - apanI zakti ke kAraNa avadhijJAna kI pravRtti rUpIdravya aura unakI katipaya paryAyoM meM hI hai| bhaviSyat aura bhUtakAla kI ananta paryAyoM ke sambandha vAle pudgaladravyoM meM usa avadhijJAna kI pravRtti nahIM hai tathA AkAza Adi amarta dravyoM meM kabhI bhI avadhijJAna kI pravatti nahIM hai| amarta dravyoM kI paryAyoM meM to avadhijJAna kI vartanA asambhava hai| yaha siddhAnta yuktipUrNa hai, kyoMki isameM bAdhaka pramANoM kA abhAva sunizcita hai||4-5|| yahA~ prakaraNa meM asarva paryAya vAle rUpI dravyoM ke jJAna kA AvaraNa karane vAle avadhijJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama vizeSa ko hI avadhijJAna kI nijazakti mAnA gayA hai| usa zakti ke kAraNa usa avadhijJAna kI asampUrNa paryAya vAle hI pudgaloM meM pravRtti hotI hai| bhUta, bhaviSyat aura vartamAna kAla kI anantaparyAyoM vAle pudgaloM meM avadhijJAna pravRtti nahIM kara sakatA hai tathA AkAza Adi amUrta dravyoM ko bhI avadhijJAna nahIM jAnatA hai| isa sthApanA ko hama samucita samajha rahe haiM kyoMki, isa siddhAnta meM Ane vAlI bAdhAoM kI asambhavatA kA nirNaya ho cukA hai| jisa prakAra matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kA viSayanibandha sampUrNa dravya aura unakI katipaya paryAyoM meM sunizcita hai, nirNIta siddhAntoM ke samAna 'rUpiSvavadheH' isa sUtra kA cAra padoM kI anuvRtti karake artha karanA caahie| . arthAt avadhijJAna mUrtika pudgala dravya kI kucha paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai, pudgala dravya kI sArI paryAyeM aura amUrtika AkAzAdi dravyoM ko nahIM jAnatA hai parantu pudgala dravya-kArmANa vargaNAoM se yukta saMsArI jIvoM kI kucha paryAyoM ko jAna sakatA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 34 tadanantabhAge manaHparyayasya // 28 // kimarthamidamityAhakva manaHparyayasyArthe nibandha iti darzayat / tadityAdyAha satsUtramiSTasaMgrahasiddhaye // 1 // kasya punastacchabdena parAmarzo yadanantabhAge'sarvaparyAyeSu nibaMdho manaHparyayasyetyAha;paramAvadhinirNIte viSaye'nantabhAgatAm / nIte sarvAvadhe yo bhAgaH sUkSmo'pi srvtH||2|| etasyAnantabhAge syaadvissye'srvpryye| vyavastharjumateranyamanaHsthe praguNe dhruvam // 3 // amuSyAnantabhAgeSu paramaM saukssmymaagte| syAnmana:paryayasyaivaM nibandho viSayekhile // 4 // avadhijJAna ke viSaya ko niyata kara aba kramaprApta dUsare mana:paryaya nAmaka pratyakSa ke viSaya kA niyama karane ke lie zrI umAsvAmI AcArya sUtra kahate haiM sarvAvadhijJAna dvArA gRhIta rUpIdravya ke anantaveM eka bhAga meM mana:paryaya kA viSaya niyata hai arthAt ananta paramANu vAle kArmANa dravya ke anantaveM bhAga ko sarvAvadhi jJAna se jAnA gayA thaa| usake bhI anantaveM bhAga svarUpa choTe pudgalaskandha ko dravya kI apekSA manaHparyaya jJAna jAnatA hai // 28 // yaha "tadanantabhAge manaHparyayasya' sUtra kisa prayojana ko sAdhane ke lie kahA gayA hai? isa prakAra kI jijJAsA hone para zrI vidyAnanda svAmI kahate haiM mana:paryayajJAna kA viSaya kauna se artha meM niyamita hai? isa bAta ko dikhalAte hue zrI umAsvAmI AcArya ne abhISTa artha ke saMgraha kI siddhi ke lie 'tadanantabhAge' ityAdika sUtra ko kahA hai||1|| isa sUtra meM diye gae tat zabda ke dvArA kisa pUrva nirdiSTa pada kA parAmarza kiyA gayA hai? jisake ki anantaveM bhAga meM aura usakI asarva paryAyoM meM mana:paryaya jJAna kA viSaya niyata hai? isa prakAra jijJAsA hone para zrI vidyAnanda AcArya kahate haiM - paramAvadhi dvArA nirNIta viSaya meM jinadRSTa ananta kA bhAga dene para anantaveM bhAga ko prApta choTe skandha meM sarvAvadhi kA viSaya samajhanA caahie| yadyapi yaha sabase sUkSma bhAga hai, phira bhI isa sUkSma skandha ke anantaveM bhAga svarUpa aura katipaya paryAya vAle viSaya meM RjumatijJAna kI dravya apekSA viSaya vyavasthA niyata hai| choTA vaha skandha saralarUpa se triyoga dvArA dUsare ke mana meM sthita honA caahie| usa anantaveM bhAga choTe skandha ko nizcitarUpa se Rjumati mana:paryaya jAna letA hai| punaHRjumati ke viSaya se sUkSma skandha ke ananta bhAgoM ke karane para jo parama sUkSmapane ko prApta ho gayA hai usa alpIyAn skandha ko vipulamati viSaya kara letA hai| isa prakAra pUrvoktAnusAra sampUrNa viSaya meM mana:paryayajJAna kA niyama hai| arthAt - apane yA dUsare ke mana meM ciMtita sabhI rUpI dravya aura unakI katipaya paryAyoM ko manaHparyayajJAna pratyakSa jAna letA hai||2-3-4||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 35 tacchabdo'trAvadhiviSayaM parAmRzati na punaravadhiM vissyprkrnnaat| sa ca mukhyasya parAmarzyate gauNasya parAmarze pryojnaabhaavaat| mukhyasya paramAvadhiviSayasya sarvato dezAvadhiviSayAtsUkSmasyAnaMtabhAgIkRtasyAnanto bhAgaH sarvAvadhiviSayastasya sampUrNena mukhyena srvaavdhipricchedytvaat| tatrarjumaternibandho boddhavyastasya mana:paryayaprathamavyaktitvAtsAmarthyAdRjumativiSayasyAnantabhAge viSaye vipulamaternibandho'vasIyate tasya paramana:paryayatvAdasarvaparyAyagrahaNAnuvRtternAstIti nAnAdyanantaparyAyAkrAnte dravye mana:paryayasya prvRttistdjnyaanaavrnnkssyopshmaasmbhvaat| atItAnAgatavartamAnAnantaparyAyAtmakavastunaH skljnyaanaavrnnkssyvijuuNbhitkevljnyaanpricchedytvaat| __isa sUtra meM kahA gayA tat zabda avadhijJAna ke viSaya kA parAmarza karatA hai? kintu avadhijJAna kA to parAmarza nahIM karatA hai, kyoMki viSaya kA prakaraNa hone se, viSayabhUta padArthoM kA grahaNa hotA hai, viSayI jJAna kA nahIM aura vaha viSaya bhI avadhijJAna meM mukhya sarvAvadhi kA parAmarza kara rahA hai| avadhijJAnoM meM gauNa dezAvadhi ke viSaya kA pUrva parAmarza karane meM prayojana kA abhAva hai| ___dezAvadhi ke sampUrNa viSayoM se sUkSma paramAvadhi kA viSaya hai| usake bhI anantaveM bhAga se bhAjita eka anantavA~ bhAga sarvAvadhijJAna kA viSaya hai| usa sUkSmabhAga kA sampUrNa avadhiyoM meM mukhya sarvAvadhijJAna dvArA pariccheda kiyA gayA hai| usa sarvAvadhi ke viSaya meM yA usake anantaveM bhAga dravya meM Rjumati mana:paryayajJAna kA niyama jaghanyarUpa se samajhanA cAhie kyoMki mana:paryaya jJAna kA vaha Rjumati pahilA vyaktirUpa bheda haiN| ArSa Agama anusAra sUtra vyAkhyAna kI sAmarthya se yaha artha bhI yahA~ nirNIta ho jAtA hai ki Rjumati dvArA jAne gae viSaya ke anantaveM bhAga rUpa viSaya meM vipulamati jJAna kI pravRtti hotI hai| vaha vipulamati mana:paryaya jJAna kA dUsarA bheda hai jo ki mana:paryayajJAnoM meM utkRSTa hai| arthAt- dezAvadhi kA utkRSTa dravya kArmANa vargaNA hai| usameM asaMkhyAta bAra ananta saMkhyAvAle dhruvahAroM kA bhAga dene para paramAvadhi kA dravya nikala AtA hai aura paramAvadhi ke dravya meM aneka bAra ananta kA bhAga dene para sarvAvadhi kA sUkSma dravya prApta hotA hai| ye saba kArmaNadravya meM anantAnanta bhAga svaviSaya haiN| sarvAvadhi se jAna liye gae dravya meM punaH ananta kA bhAga dene para Rjumati kA dravya nikalatA hai| Rjumati ke dravya meM ananta kA bhAga dene para vipulamati kA dravya nikalatA hai| - "matizrutayornibandho dravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu" isa sUtra meM se asarvaparyAya zabda ke grahaNa kI anuvRtti kara lene se anAdi anantaparyAyoM se vyApta dravya meM mana:paryayajJAna kI pravRtti nahIM hai, yaha dhvanita ho jAtA hai| kyoMki, una anAdi ananta paryAyoM ke jJAna ko AvaraNa karane vAle karmoM kA kSayopazama honA asambhava hai| jJAnAvaraNa kA udaya rahane para chadmastha jIvoM ke anAdi ananta paryAyoM kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA hai| atItakAla, bhaviSyakAla aura vartamAna kAla kI anantAnanta paryAyoM ke sAtha tadAtmaka vastu kA pariccheda sampUrNa jJAnAvaraNa karmoM ke kSaya se utpanna kevalajJAna dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| ata: vastu kI katipaya paryAyoM ko hI mana:paryayajJAna jAna sakatA hai, anantaparyAyoM ko nhiiN|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 36 kathaM punastadevaMvidhaviSayaM mana:paryayajJAnaM parIkSyate ityAha;kSAyopazamikaM jJAnaM prakarSaM paramaM vrajet / sUkSme prakarSamANatvAdarthe tadidamIritam // 5 // na hi kSAyopazamikasya jJAnasya sUkSme'rthe prakRSyamANatvamasiddha tajjJAnAvaraNahAneH prkRssymaanntvsiddheH| prkRssymaannaattjjnyaanaavrnnhaanitvaanmaannikyaadyaavrnnhaanivt| kathamAvaraNahAneH prakRSyamANatve siddhe'pi kvacidvijJAnasya prakRSyamANatvaM siddhyatIti cet prakAzAtmakatvAt / yaddhi prakAzAtmakaM tatsvAvaraNahAniprakarSe prakRSyamANaM dRSTaM yathA cakSuH / prakAzAtmakaM ca vivAdAdhyAsitaM jJAnamiti svaviSaye prakRSyamANaM siddhyat, tasya paramaprakarSagamanaM saadhyti| yattatparamaprakarSaprAptaM kSAyopazamikajJAnaM spaSTaM tanmana:paryaya ityuktaM / yathA cApi matizrutAni paramaprakarSabhAJji kSAyopazamikAnIti darzayannAha mana:paryayajJAna dravya kI kucha paryAyoM ko aura rUpIdravya ko jAnatA hai| yaha kaise jAnA jAtA hai? aisA pUchane para AcArya kahate haiM - sUkSma arthoM ko jAnane meM uttarottara vRddhi ko prApta, karmoM ke kSayopazama se utpanna huA kSAyopazamika jJAna, sUkSma artha meM parama prakarSa ko prApta ho jAtA hai ata: kSAyopazamika cAra jJAnoM meM yaha mana:paryayajJAna anantaveM bhAga sUkSma dravya ko viSaya karane vAlA hai, aisA kahA gayA hai||5|| kyoMki kSAyopazamika jJAna kA sUkSma arthoM meM tAratamyarUpa se prakarSa ko prApta ho jAnA asiddha nahIM hai| kAraNa ki una jJAnoM ke pratipakSI jJAnAvaraNa karmoM kI hAni kA uttarottara adhikarUpa se prakarSapanA siddha hai| jaise-jaise jJAnAvaraNa karmoM kI hAni hotI hai, vaise-vaise jJAnoM kI sUkSma arthoM ko jAnane meM pravRtti bhI adhika-adhika hotI jAtI hai| karmoM kI hAni kA prakRSyamANapanA bhI asiddha nahIM hai| kyoMki, mANika Adi ke AvaraNoM kI hAni ke samAna hAnipanA hone se una jJAnAvaraNa karmoM kI hAni caramasImA taka bar3hatI calI jAtI hai| prazna - AvaraNoM kI hAni kA uttarottara prakarSa siddha hone para bhI kisI sUkSma artha meM vijJAna kA prakRSyamANapanA kaise siddha ho sakatA hai? uttara - vaha jJAna prakAzAtmaka hai| jo-jo prakAza Atmaka padArtha haiM, ve-ve apane-apane AvaraNoM kI hAni kA prakarSa hone para prakarSa prApta hote dekhe gae haiN| jaise cakSu indriya prakAzasvarUpa hai, ataH svakIya AvaraNoM ke tAratamya bhAva se dUra ho jAne para uttarottara dRSTi nirmala hotI jAtI hai| vivAda meM adhyAsIna (par3A huA) kSAyopazamikajJAna bhI prakAzAtmaka hai ataH apane viSaya meM prakRSyamANa siddha hotA huA usa jJAna ke parama prakarSa taka gamana karane ko siddha karatA hai, vaha kSAyopazamika jJAna vizada pratibhAsI hotA huA usa sUkSma artha ko jAnane meM paramaprakarSa ko prApta hotA hai, vaha mana:paryayajJAna hai-aisA kahA gayA hai| jaise kSayopazamajanya matijJAna aura zrutajJAna bhI apane-apane viSaya meM paramaprakarSa ko prApta hote haiM, isI bAta ko dikhalAte hue granthakAra kahate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 37 kSetradravyeSu bhUyeSu yathA ca vividhsthitiH| spaSTA yA paramA tadvadasya svArthe yathodite // 6 // yathA cendriyajajJAnaM viSayeSvatizAyanAt / sveSu prakarSamApannaM tadvidbhirviniveditam // 7 // matipUrvaM zrutaM yadvadaspaSTaM sarvavastuSu / sthitaM prakRSyamANatvAtparyaMtaM prApya tattvataH // 8 // manaHparyayavijJAna tathA prspssttbhaasnN| vikalAdhyakSaparyantaM tathA samyakparIkSitaM // 9 // prakRSyamANatA tvakSajJAnAdeH saMpratIyate / iti nAsiddhatA hetorna cAsya vyabhicAritA // 10 // sAdhye satyeva sdbhaavaadnythaanuppttitH| sveSTahetuvadityastu tataH saadhyvinishcyH||11|| dRSTeSTabAdhanaM tasyApahnave sarvavAdinAM / sarvathaikAntavAdeSu tadvAde'pIti nirnnyH||12|| jisa prakAra matijJAna kI bahuta se kSetra aura dravyoM meM nAnA prakAra kI sthiti spaSTa aura utkRSTa hotI hai, usI prakAra isa mana:paryaya kI vividha vyavasthA pUrva meM yathAyogya kahe gae anantaveM bhAgarUpa svArtha meM paramaprakarSa ko prApta ho jAtI hai||6|| jisa prakAra indriyoM se utpanna huA jJAna apane niyata viSayoM meM atizaya ko uttarottara adhika prApta karate hue paramaprakarSa ko prApta hotA hai, usa indriya jJAna ko jAnane vAle vidvAnoM ke dvArA vizeSa svarUpa se kahA gayA hai, usI prakAra mana:paryaya jJAna samajha lenA caahie||7|| - apane viSayoM meM parama prakarSa ko prApta hone se jisa prakAra matijJAnapUrvaka hone vAlA zrutajJAna sampUrNa vastuoM ko avizadarUpa se jAnatA huA antima sImA ko prApta hokara yathArtharUpa se vyavasthita hai, usI prakAra mana:paryaya jJAna bhI avadhijJAna, mana:paryayajJAna svarUpa vikala pratyakSoM kI sImAparyanta adhika spaSTa hokara vyavasthita hai| isa prakAra pUrva prakaraNoM meM isakI samIcIna parIkSA kara cuke haiN| kSAyopazamika jJAnoM meM vikala pratyakSa aura vikala pratyakSoM meM mana:paryayajJAna prakRSTa hai| isase adhika sUkSma viSaya ko jAnane vAlA koI bhI kSAyopazamika jJAna nahIM hai|8-9|| / indriyajaMnyajJAna aura zrutajJAna Adi jJAnoM kI sva ke prakarSaparyanta prakarSatA pratIta hotI hai ataH pakSa meM rahane se hetu asiddha nahIM hai tathA isa prakRSyamANatva hetu kI vipakSa meM vRtti nahIM hone se vyabhicArIpanA bhI nahIM hai| prakarSaparyanta gamanarUpa sAdhya ke hone para hI prakRSyamANatva hetu kA sadbhAva anyathAnupapatti ho jAne se apane iSTa dhUma Adi hetuoM ke samAna yaha hetu nirdoSa hai| usa nirdoSa hetu se sAdhya kA vizeSarUpa karake nizcaya ho hI jAtA hai ki pratyakSa jJAnoM meM sarvotkRSTa mana:paryaya jJAna hai||10-11|| ... una abhISTa jJAnoM kI prakarSaparyanta prApti kA apalApa kara dene para sampUrNavAdiyoM ke pratyakSa pramANoM aura iSTa kiye gae anumAna Adi pramANoM ke dvArA bAdhAyeM upasthita hotI haiM ata: sarvathA ekAntavAdoM meM aura prasiddha anekAntavAda meM bhI ukta prakAra se manaHparyaya jJAna kA nirNaya kara diyA gayA hai| arthAt jJAna ke niyata viSayoM kI parIkSA karane para sabhI vidvAnoM ke yahA~ prakRSyamANapana avinAbhAvI hetu se jJAnoM kA apane viSayoM meM prakarSagamana nirNIta kiyA hai|||12|| * cAra kSAyopazamika jJAnoM ke viSaya kA niyama kara aba kramaprApta kevalajJAna ke viSaya kA niyama karane ke lie zrI umAsvAmI AcArya sUtra kahate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 38 sarvadravyaparyAyeSu kevalasya // 29 // nanu asiddhatvAtkevalasya viSayanibandhakathanaM na yuktamityAzaMkAyAmidamAhakevalaM sakalajJeyavyApi spaSTaM prasAdhitam / pratyakSamakramaM tasya nibandho viSayeSviha // 1 // bodhyo dravyeSu sarveSu paryAyeSu ca tttvtH| prakSINAvaraNasyaiva tadAvirbhAvanizcayAt // 2 // AtmadravyaM jJa eveSTaH sarvajJaH paramaH pumAn / kaizcittadvyatiriktArthAbhAvAdityapasAritaM // 3 // dravyeSviti bahutvasya nirdeshaatttprsiddhitH| vartamAne'stu paryAye jJAnI sarvajJa ityapi // 4 // jIva Adi sampUrNa dravyoM aura unakI sampUrNa paryAyoM meM kevalajJAna kA viSaya niyata hai||29|| asiddha hone se kevalajJAna ke viSaya niyama kA kathana karanA yukta nahIM hai, isa prakAra kI AzaMkA hone para zrI vidyAnanda AcArya kahate haiM - vizada sampUrNa jJeyoM meM vyApaka yugapat sakala padArthoM ko jAnane vAlA pratyakSa kevalajJAna hai| usakI pUrva prakaraNoM meM siddhi kara dI hai ataH usa kevalajJAna kA viSayoM meM niyama karanA isa prakaraNa meM samucita hI hai||1|| jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina sampUrNa dravyoM meM tathA ina dravyoM kI sampUrNa bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSyatkAla kI arthaparyAyoM tathA vyaMjanaparyAyoM meM paramArtha rUpa se kevalajJAna kA viSaya samajha lenA caahie| jisa manuSya ke sampUrNa jJAnAvaraNa karmoM kA prakRSTarUpa se kSaya ho gayA hai, usa AtmA ke hI usa sabako jAnane vAle kevalajJAna kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| yaha siddhAnta nizcita hai||2|| ___ AtmA se atirikta ghaTa, paTa Adika arthoM kA abhAva hone se kinhIM brahmAdvaitavAdiyoM ne paramapuruSa aura sabako jAnane vAle jJAtAsvarUpa akele Atma dravya ko hI abhISTa kiyA hai ata: advaita AtmA hI eka tattva hai| ___isa prakAra advaitavAdiyoM ke mata kA sUtra meM kahe gae 'dravyeSu' bahuvacana ke nirdeza se nirAkaraNa kara diyA gayA hai arthAt akelA AtmA hI tattva nahIM hai| kintu anantAnanta AtmAyeM haiM tathA AtmAoM ke atirikta pudgala, kAlANu Adi bhI aneka dravya jagat meM vidyamAna haiN| pramANoM se una dravyoM kI siddhi kara dI gaI hai| bauddha kahate haiM ki sabako jAnane vAlA sarvajJa bhI vartamAna kAla kI vidyamAna paryAyoM meM hI jJAnavAna hai; paryAya ko hI jAnane vAlA hai| kintu avidyamAna bhUta, bhaviSyatkAla kI paryAyoM ko athavA anAdi, ananta, anvita dravyoM ko vaha sarvajJa nahIM jAnatA hai| kyoMki dravyatattva to mUla jJAnake avyavahita pUrvakAla meM vidyamAna nahIM hai| isa prakAra bauddhoM ke kathana kA bhI sUtra meM paryAyeSu' bahuvacanAntapada kA prayoga karane
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika*39 paryAyeSviti nirdezAdavayavasya prtiititH| sarvathAbhedatattvasya yatheti pratipAdanAt // 5 // tasmAdanaSTheyagataM jJAnamasya vicaarytaaN| kITasaMjJAparijJAnaM tasya naatropyujyte||6|| ityetacca vyavacchinnaM srvshbdpryogtH| tadekasyApyavijJAne kvAthUNAM ziSyasAdhanaM // 7 // heyopAdeyatattvasya sAbhyupAyasya vedakaM / sarvajJatAmitaM niSTaM tajjJAnaM sarvagocaram // 8 // upekSaNIyatattvasya heyAdibhirasaMgrahAt / na jJAnaM na punasteSAM na jJAne'pIti kecana // 9 // tadasavItarAgANAmupekSatvena nizcayAt / sarvArthAnAM kRtArthatvAtteSAM kvacidavRttitaH // 10 // se aura avayava kI pratIti hone se nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai ata: tInoM kAla sambandhI paryAyoM meM kevalajJAna kI pravRtti hai| pUrvakAlavartI paryAyoM kA samUlacUla nAza nahIM hotA hai| eka dravya kI kAlatrayavartI paryAyoM meM anvaya kI pratIti hotI hai| paryAyeM kathaMcit bhinna haiM aura dravya kathaMcit abhinna / sarvathA bhedarUpa athavA abhedarUpa tattva vAstavika nahIM ho sakatA hai| isakA pUrva prakaraNoM meM pratipAdana kiyA hai||3-4-5|| ina do padoM kI saphalatA ko dikhAkara aba sarva zabda kI upayogitA kA kathana karate haiN| koI kahatA hai ki mokSa ke upayogI anuSThAna karane yogya (kucha jIva, pudgala, bandha, bandhakAraNa, mokSa, mokSakAraNa Adi) padArthoM meM hI isa sarvajJa kA jJAna hotA hai, isa sarvajJa ke kITa Adi ke nAma nirdeza aura una nissAra padArthoM kA parijJAna karanA upayogI nahIM hai, aisA jAnanA caahie| AcArya kahate haiM ki isa prakAra kisI kA yaha kahanA sUtrokta sarva zabda ke prayoga se khaNDita ho jAtA hai, kyoMki una sampUrNa padArthoM se kisI eka bhI kIr3e, kacare kA vizeSajJAna na hone para paripUrNa rUpa se ziSyoM ke prati nirdoSa zikSA denA kaise ho sakatA hai? // 6-7 // ... sarvajJapana ko prApta vijJAna kevala upAyoM se sahita heya aura upAdeya tattvoM kA hI jJAna karane vAlA mAnA gayA hai| vaha jJAna sampUrNa anantAnanta padArthoM ko viSaya karane vAlA iSTa nahIM kiyA gayA hai arthAt heya tattva saMsAra aura usake upAya Asravatattva, bandhatattva tathA upAdAna karane yogya mokSa aura usake upAya saMvara, nirjarA tattvoM kA, athavA isI prakAra ke anya katipaya arthoM ko hI sarvajJa jAnatA hai| upekSA karane yogya tattvoM kA heya Adi ke dvArA saMgraha nahIM ho sakatA ata: una upekSA karane yogya padArthoM kA phira sarvajJa ko jJAna nahIM hotA hai| una upekSaNIya padArthoM kA jJAna nahIM hone para bhI jJAna nahIM huA, aisA nahIM samajhA jAtA hai; aisA koI kahatA hai||8-9|| jainAcArya kahate haiM - isa prakAra mImAMsaka kA kahanA satyArtha nahIM hai, kyoMki vItarAga sarvajJa AtmAoM kI dRSTi meM sampUrNa padArthoM kA upekSArUpa se nizcaya ho jAtA hai arthAt sarvajJa vItarAga deva kisI padArtha meM rAgI nahIM hone ke kAraNa unakA upAdAna nahIM karate haiM aura kisI bhI padArtha meM dveSa nahIM rakhane ke kAraNa unakA tyAga nahIM karate haiN| kintu sarvajJa AtmAoM ke sampUrNa padArthoM meM upekSAbhAva hai| kevalajJAna kA phala upekSA karanA hai| zeSa cAra jJAna aura tIna kujJAnoM kA phala apane viSayoM meM upAdAna buddhi aura tyAga buddhi karA denA hai| ve kevalajJAnI sarvajJa to kRtakRtya haiM ata: unakI kisI bhI padArtha meM hAna, upAdAna karane ke lie nivRtti yA pravRtti nahIM hotI hai isalie upAya sahita katipaya heya aura upAdeya tattvoM ko hI jAnane vAlA sarvajJa hai| yaha mImAMsakoM kA kathana prazaMsanIya nahIM hai|||10||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 40 vineyApekSayA heyamupAdeyaM ca kiNcn| sopAyaM yadi te'pyAhustadopekSyaM na vidyte||11|| niHzreyasaM paraM tAvadupeyaM sammataM satAm / heyaM janmajarAmRtyukIrNaM saMsaraNaM sadA // 12 // anayo: kAraNaM tatsyAdyadanyattanna vidyte| pAraMparyeNa sAkSAcca vastUpekSaM tataH kimu||13|| dveSo hAnamupAdAnaM raagstdvyvrjnN| khyAtopekSeti heyAdyA bhAvAstadviSayAdime // 14 // iti mohAbhibhUtAnAM vyavasthA parikalpyate / heyatvAdivyavasthAnAsambhavAtkutracittava // 15 // hAtuM yogyaM mumukSUNAM heyatattvaM vyavasthitaM / upAdAtuM punaryogyamupAdeyamitIyate // 16 // upekSantu punaH sarvamupAdeyasya kAraNam / sarvopekSAsvabhAvatvAccAritrasya mahAtmanaH // 17 // tattvazraddhAnasaMjJAnagocaratvaM yathA dadhat / tadbhAvyamAnamAmnAtamamoghamaghaghAtibhiH // 18 // "sarvajJa kI dRSTi meM koI padArtha heya aura upAdeya nahIM hai, kintu upadeza prApta karane yogya vinayazAlI ziSyoM kI apekSA se koI tyAgane yogya padArtha to heya ho jAte haiM aura ziSyoM kI dRSTi se grahaNa karane yogya koI padArtha upAdeya bana jAte haiN|" isa prakAra upAya sahita heya, upAdeya tattvoM kA jAna lenA hI sarvajJatA ke lie paryApta hai| isa prakAra mImAMsaka ke kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki yadi rAgI, dveSI, ziSyoM kI apekSA se heya, upAdeya tattvoM ko jAnanA sarvajJa ke lie Avazyaka batAyA jAyegA to jagat meM upekSA kA viSaya koI padArtha nahIM rhegaa| yahA~ paramAtma avasthAsvarUpa utkRSTa mokSa sajjana puruSoM ke dvArA upAdAna karane yogya mAnA gayA hai aura sarvadA janma, jarA aura mRtyu se vyApta yaha saMsAra vidvAnoM kI sammati meM heya hai| mokSa aura saMsAra ina donoM ke kAraNa saMvara, nirjarA yA mithyAjJAna, kaSAya, yoga, strI Adika padArtha haiM; mokSa, saMsAra aura unake kAraNa ina tIna jAti ke padArthoM se bhinna koI bhI padArtha vidyamAna nahIM hai, jo ki upekSA karane yogya kahA gayA hai| jagat ke sampUrNa bhI padArtha paramparA athavA sAkSAt rUpa se heya aura upAdeya tattvoM meM garbhita ho jAte haiN| ata: kisa vastu ko upekSAgocara kahA jAe? // 11-12-13 // dveSa hAna (tyAjya) hai| rAga upAdAna (grAhya) hai aura rAga, dveSa rahita avasthA upekSita kahI gayI hai| isa prakAra heya, upAdeya, upekSaNIya prakAra ke bhAva jagat meM prasiddha haiN| una AtmIya pariNAmoM rAga, dveSa, upekSA ke viSaya ho jAne se ye padArtha bhI kahe jAte haiN| isa prakAra mohagrasta jIvoM kI vyavasthA cAroM ora se kalpita kara lI gaI hai| tadanusAra tuma mImAMsakoM ke yahA~ kisI bhI eka vivakSita padArtha meM heyapana Adi kI vyavasthA karanA asambhava hai||14-15|| vastutaH mokSa ko cAhane vAle bhavya jIvoM ke tyAga karane yogya padArtha to heyatattva haiM aura grahaNa karane yogya padArtha upAdeyarUpa se vyavasthita haiN| isa prakAra pratIti kI jA rahI hai kintu phira jIvanamukta ho jAne para sampUrNa padArtha bhI upekSA karane yogya ho jAte haiN| upAdeya aura heya ke kAraNa bhI upekSA karane yogya haiN| kyoMki mahAn AtmA vAle sarvajJa ke tadAtmaka cAritra guNa to sampUrNa padArthoM meM upekSA svabhAva vAlA hai||16-17|| tattvArthoM kA zraddhAna rUpa samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna ke viSayapane ko dhAraNa kara rahe ve padArtha yadi yathAyogya vastu anusAra bhAvanA-cAritra dvArA bhAve jA~ya to jJAnAvaraNAdi pApakarmoM kA nAza karane vAle jJAnI jIvoM dvArA avyartha mAne gaye haiM // 18 //
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 41 mithyAdRgbodhacAritragocaratvena bhAvitam / sarvaM heyasya tattvasya saMsArasyaiva kAraNaM // 19 // tadavazyaM parijJeyaM tttvaarthmnushaastaa| vineyAniti boddhavyaM dharmavatsakalaM jagat // 20 // dharmAdanyatparijJAnaM viprkRssttmshesstH| yena tasya kathaM nAma dharmajJatvaniSedhanam // 21 // sarvAnatIMdriyAn vetti saakssaaddhrmmtiindriym| pramAteti vadanyAyamatikrAmati kevalaM // 22 // yathaiva hi heyopAdeyatattvaM sAbhyupAyaM sa vetti na punaH sarvakITasaMkhyAdikamiti vadanyAyamatikrAmati kevalaM tatsaMvedane sarvasaMvedanasya nyaaypraapttvaat| tathA dharmAdanyAnatI ndriyAnsarvAnAnvijAnannapi dharmaM sAkSAnna sa vettIti vadannapi tatsAkSAtkaraNe dharmasya sAkSAtkaraNasiddharatIndriyatvena jaatyntrtvaabhaavaat| yasya yajjAtIyAH ___tathA mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna aura mithyAcAritra ko viSaya karake bhAvanA kiye gae sabhI padArtha heya haiM aura heyatattva saMsAra ke hI kAraNa haiN| arthAt isa apekSA se sabhI padArtha heya ho gye| upAdeyoM ke lie sthAna avaziSTa nahIM rahatA hai| mithyAjJAna se jAne hue upAyatattva bhI heya haiN||19|| ata: vinIta ziSyoM ke prati tattvArthoM kI zikSA dene vAle sarvajJa dvArA sampUrNa padArtha avazya hI cAroM ora se jAna lene yogya haiN| isa prakAra dharma ke pradhAna upadeSTA ko ucita hai ki vaha dharma, adharma ke samAna sampUrNa jagat ko sAkSAt jAna leve // 20 // jisa mahAtmA ne dharma ke atirikta anya svabhAvavyavahita paramANu Adi aura dezavyavahita sumeru Adi tathA kAlavyavahita rAma, rAvaNa Adi viprakRSTa padArthoM ko azeSa (paripUrNa) se jAna liyA hai, usa puruSa ke dharma ke jJAtApana kA niSedha karanA kaise saMbhava ho sakatA hai? dharma ke sivAya anya sampUrNa padArthoM ko jo jAnatA hai, vaha dharma ko bhI avazya jAnatA hai| ataH sarvajJa ke lie dharma ko jAnane kA niSedha karanA mImAMsakoM ko ucita nahIM hai||21|| pramANajJAna karane vAlI AtmA sampUrNa atIndriya padArthoM ko pratyakSarUpa se jAnatI hai| kevala atIndriya puNya, pAparUpa dharma, adharma ko hI sAkSAt nahIM jAnatI hai| "dharme codanaiva pramANaM" - dharma kA nirNayajJAna karane meM vedavAkya hI pramANa hai| isa prakAra kahane vAlA mImAMsaka kevala nyAya mArga kA atikramaNa kara rahA hai| arthAt jaba nyAya kI sAmarthya se utkRSTa jJAna kA svabhAva sampUrNa padArthoM kA jAnanA siddha ho cukA hai, to phira vaha jJAna atIndriya padArthoM meM se kevala dharma ko kyoM chor3a detA hai? // 22 // -- jisa prakAra upAya sahita kevala heya aura upAdeya ko hI vaha sarvajJa jAnatA hai, kintu phira sampUrNa kIr3e, kUr3e aura unakI ginatI, nApa-taula Adi ko vaha (sarvajJa) nahIM jAnatA hai| una upAdeya sahita heya upAdeya tattvoM ke bhale prakAra jAna lene para sampUrNa padArthoM ko jAna lenA apane Apa nyAya se prApta ho jAtA hai| aisA kahane vAlA mImAMsaka bhI nyAyamArga kA ullaMghana kara rahA hai| tathA dharma ke atirikta anya sampUrNa atIndriya padArthoM ko vizeSarUpa se jAnate hue bhI vaha sarvajJa dharma ko sAkSAtrUpa se nahIM jAna pAtA hai| aisA kahane vAle ke bhI una sampUrNa atIndriya padArthoM ke pratyakSa kara lene para dharma kA pratyakSa kara lenA to svataH
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika *42 padArthAH pratyakSAstasyAsatyAvaraNe'pi pratyakSA yathA ghaTasamAnajAtIyabhUtalapratyakSatve ghttH| pratyakSAzca kasyacidvivAdApannasya dharmasajAtIyAH paramANvAdayo dezakAlasvabhAvaviprakRSTA iti nyAyasya suvyavasthitatvAt / tato nedaM sUktaM mImAMsakasya / "dharmajJatvaniSedhastu kevalo'tropayujyate / sarvamanyadvijAnaMstu puruSaH kena vAryate" iti / ntvvdhiirnnaanaadrH| tatsarvamanyadvijAnastu puruSa: kena vAryata iti / tatra no naatitraamaadrH| paramArthatastu na kathamapi puruSasyAtIndriyArthadarzanAtizayaH sambhAvyate sAtizayAnAmapi prajJAmedhAdibhiH stokastokAntaratvenaiva darzanAt / taduktaM "ye'pi sAtizayA dRSTAH prajJAmedhAdibhirnarAH / stokastokAntaratvenAtIndriyajJAnadarzanAt // " iti kazcittaM prati vijJAnasya paramaprakarSagamanasAdhanamAhasiddha ho jAtA hai| bahiraMga indriyoM ke viSaya nahIM ho sakane kI apekSA se dharma aura anya atIndriya padArthoM meM koI bhinna jAtIyapanA nahIM hai| jisa jJAnI jIva ko jisa jAti vAle padArthoM kA pratyakSa hotA hai, usa jJAnI ko pratibaMdha AvaraNoM ke dUra ho jAne para usa jAtivAle anya padArtha bhI pratyakSa ho jAte haiM jaise ki paugalika ghaTa ke samAna jAtivAle bhUtala ke cakSuindriya dvArA pratyakSa ho jAne para vahA~ vidyamAna ghaTa bhI cakSuindriya dvArA pratyakSa ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra vivAda meM par3e hue kisI sarvajJa ke jJAna dvArA dharma ke sajAtIya paramANu, sumeru, rAvaNa Adi svabhAvaviprakRSTa, dezaviprakRSTa, kAlaviprakRSTa padArtha pratyakSa ho jAte haiN| indriyajanya jJAnagrAhya anya padArthoM kA pratyakSa to abhISTa hI hai| isa prakAra pratijJA, hetu, Adi pA~ca avayava vAle anumAna svarUpa nyAya kI bhale prakAra vyavasthA hotI hai| ata: mImAMsakoM kA yaha kathana samIcIna nahIM hai ki sarvajJa kA niSedha karate samaya kevala dharma ke jJAtApana kA niSedha karanA hI upayukta hai| anya sabhI padArthoM ko jAnane vAle sarvajJa kA kisa vidvAn ke dvArA nivAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai? arthAt mImAMsakoM kA kahanA hai ki atIndriya dharma kA jJAna to vedavAkyoM dvArA hI hotA hai| dharma se atirikta atIMdriya padArthoM ko hI sarvajJa jAna sakatA hai| isameM hamArI koI kSati nahIM hai| isa prakAra mImAMsakoM ne sarvajJa ke niSedha ke lie vakra ukti dvArA niMdya prayatna kiyA hai| mImAMsakoM ke ukta kathana se yaha bhI pratIta hotA hai ki sarvajJa ko na mAnane meM ve nindA yA tiraskAra nahIM samajhate haiM aura sarvajJa kA anAdara bhI nahIM karate haiM, kyoMki ve svayaM kahate haiM ki anya sabhI padArthoM ko vizeSarUpa se jAnane vAle puruSa vizeSa sarvajJa kA koI bhI niSedha nahIM kara sakatA hai ata: jaina siddhAntiyoM kA una mImAMsakoM ke prati ati-adhika Adara nahIM hai| "paramArtha se alpajJa puruSa ke atIndriya arthoM ke vizada pratyakSa kara lene kA atizaya kaise bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| jo bhI puruSa vicArazAlinI buddhi yA dhAraNAyukta buddhi athavA navanava unmeSazAlinI pratibhA buddhi ke atizaya sahita haiM, unake bhI choTe yA usase bhI choTe padArthoM kA jJAna kara lene se hI vizeSa camatkAra dIkhatA hai| parantu ve bhI indriyoM ke aviSaya ko nahIM jAna sakate haiN|" so hI kahA hai - "mImAMsAzlokavArttika" meM, jo bhI koI vidvAn prajJA, medhA, prekSA Adi vizeSa jJAnoM ke dvArA camatkAra sahita dekhe gaye choTe se choTe Adi indriyagocara padArthoM ko jAnate haiM, kintu atIndriya padArthoM ke darzana se ve camatkArayukta nahIM haiN| isI prakAra sarvajJa bhI indriyoM ke agocara padArthoM kA pratyakSa nahIM kara sakatA hai parantu apauruSeya Agama se atIndriya padArthoM ko jAna sakatA hai| isa prakAra koI mImAMsaka kahatA hai| usake prati zrI vidyAnanda svAmI vijJAna ke parama prakarSaparyantagamana ke sAdhana ko spaSTa karate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 43 jJAnaM prakarSamAyAti paramaM kvacidAtmani / tAratamyAdhirUDhatvAdAkAze parimANavat // 23 // tAratamyAdhirUDhatvamasaMzayaprAptatvaM tadvijJAnasya siddhyat kvacidAtmani paramaprakarSaprAptiM sAdhayati, tayA tasya vyaapttvaatprimaannvdaakaashe|| atra yadyakSavijJAnaM tasya sAdhyaM prbhaassyte| siddhsaadhnmettsyaatprsyaapyevmissttitH||24|| liGgAgamAdivijJAnaM jJAnasAmAnyameva vaa| tathA sAdhyaM vadastena doSaM pariharetkatham // 25 // akramaM karaNAtItaM yadi jJAnaM parisphuTam / dharmISyeta tadA pakSasyAprasiddhavizeSyatA // 26 // taratamatA se adhirUr3ha hone se kisI eka AtmA meM nirdoSa utpanna huA jJAna sabase bar3e utkarSa ko prApta ho jAtA hai, jaise ki AkAza meM primaann| arthAt ghaTa, paTa, gRha, grAma, nagara, parvata, samudra Adi meM parimA kI tAratamya se vaddhi hote-hote ananta AkAza meM parama mahA parimANa paramaprakarSa ko prApta ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra vidvAnoM meM jJAnavRddhi kA tAratamya dekhA jAtA hai| anta meM loka-aloka ko jAnane vAle sarvajJadeva meM sabase bar3A jJAna paripUrNa ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra sarvajJa ko jJAna kI siddhi ho jAtI hai||23|| arthAt jisameM hAni aura vRddhi dekhI jAtI hai usameM parama utkRSTa hAni aura paramotkRSTa vRddhi bhI hotI hai| . kisI vivakSita AtmA meM vijJAna kA taratamarUpa se ArUr3ha saMzayarahita jJAna siddha hotA hai| vaha pakSa meM rahane vAlA siddha hetu kisI AtmArUpa pakSa meM parama prakarSa ko prApta ho jAne rUpa sAdhya ko siddha karatA hai, kyoMki usa vRddhi ke taratamapane ko prApta hetu kI usa paramaprakarSa prApti ke sAtha vyApti hai, jaise ki AkAza meM paramaprakarSa ko prApta huA parimANa / yaha dRSTAnta prasiddha hai| mImAMsaka kahate haiM ki pUrvokta anumAna meM jo jJAna pakSa hai, usa jJAnapada se yadi indriyoM se janya vijJAna liyA jAtA hai aura usa indriyajanya jJAna kI paramaprakarSa prApti ko sAdhya banAkara kathana kiyA jAtA hai to siddhasAdhana doSa AtA hai, kyoMki mImAMsakoM ke yahA~ bhI isa prakAra iSTa kiyA gayA hai ki sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu, zrotra aura mana indriyoM kI viSaya grahaNa karane meM yathAyogya utkarSatA bar3hate-bar3hate parama avasthA ko pahu~ca jAtI hai arthAt abhyAsAnusAra mAnasajJAna bhI bar3hatA jAtA hai|||24|| mImAMsaka kahate haiM ki yadi jJAna pada se jJApaka liMgajanya anumAnajJAna, yA AgamajJAna, arthApatti Adi vijJAna liye jAte haiM athavA jainoM dvArA sAmAnya rUpa se koI bhI vijJAna liyA jAtA hai to ina anumAna Adi jJAnarUpa pakSa meM paramaprakarSa prAptirUpa sAdhya ko kahane vAle jaina vidvAnoM ke dvArA siddhasAdhana doSa kA nivAraNa kaise kiyA jAyegA? arthAt anumAna jJAna, AgamajJAna Adi kI paramaprakarSatA saba hI vAdI mAnate haiN| ataH siddha sAdhana doSa hai||25|| (koI) pravAdI mImAMsaka kahate haiM ki jJAnapada se yadi indriyAtIta kramarahita yAnI yugapat hI sampUrNa padArthoM ko jAnane vAlA aura aisA paripUrNa vizadajJAna dharma iSTa kiyA jAyegA, taba to pakSa ko aprasiddha vizeSyatA nAmaka doSa hogaa|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 44 svarUpAsiddhatA hetorAzrayAsiddhatApi ca / tannaitatsAdhanaM samyagiti kecitpravAdinaH // 27 // atra pracakSmahe jJAnasAmAnyaM dharmi nAparam / sarvArthagocaratvena prakarSaM paramaM vrajet // 28 // iti sAdhyasanicchantaM bhUtAdiviSayaM prN| codanAjJAnamanyadvA vAdinaM prati nAstikam // 29 // na siddhasAdhyataivaM syaannaaprsiddhvishessytaa| pakSasya nApi doSo'ya kvacit satyaM prasiddhatA // 30 // sa hetoH kvacitpradarzitaH / nahyatrAkSavijJAnaM paramaM prakarSa yAtIti sAdhyate nApi liGgAgamAdivijJAnaM yena siddhasAdhyatAnAma pakSasya doSo duHparihAra: syAt / parasyApIndriyajJAne liGgAdijJAne ca prmprkrssgmnsyesstttvaat| bhAvArtha - akrama aura karaNAtIta paripUrNa vizada, ina tIna vizeSaNoM se sahita koI vizeSyabhUtajJAna Aja taka bhI prasiddha nahIM hai| ataH hetu vizeSyAsiddha hai| aura ukta prakAra mAnane para jainoM dvArA kahA gayA taratama bhAva se AkrAntapanA hetu svarUpAsiddha hetvAbhAsa hai| kyoMki vaha hetu vaise pakSa meM rahatA huA nahIM dekhA jA rahA hai| tathA tAratamya se ArUr3hapanA hetu AzrayAsiddha hetvAbhAsa bhI hai, kyoMki indriyoM kI sahAyatA binA hI utpanna aura yugapat sabako parisphuTa jAnane vAlA koI jJAna jagat meM prasiddha hI nahIM hai| ataH syAdvAdiyoM kA yaha adhirUr3hapanA jJApaka hetu samIcIna nahIM hai| aisA koI pravAdI kahatA hai||26-27|| ukta cAra vArtikoM dvArA diye gaye doSoM ke nirAkaraNArtha zrI vidyAnandasvAmI uttara dete haiM ki aba isa prakaraNa meM hama jaina sAmAnyajJAna ko pakSa kahate haiM, koI dUsarA indriyajJAna, anumAnajJAna, Agama yA paripUrNajJAna, pUrvokta anumAna pakSa nahIM kahA gayA hai| vRddhi ko prApta huA vaha,sAmAnya jJAna sampUrNa arthoM ko viSaya kara lene para parama prakarSa ko prApta ho jAtA hai||28|| isa prakAra ke sAdhya ko nAstikavAdI veda vAkyoM se utpanna hue jJAna ko bhUta, bhaviSyat kAlavartI, dUravartI yA svabhAvaviprakRSTa padArthoM ko viSaya karane vAlA nahIM mAnate haiN| tathA anya bhI dUsare jJAnoM ko bhUta Adi padArthoM ko viSaya karane vAlA nahIM cAhatA hai| usa nAstikavAdI ke prati pUrNa jJAna ko siddha karane vAlA anumAna pramANa kahA thaa| ataH hamArA hetu pUrNata: nirdoSa hai||29|| .. isa prakAra jJAna sAmAnya ko pakSa aura sampUrNa arthoM ko viSaya kara lene rUpa parama prakarSa prApta jJAna ko sAdhya banAkara anumAna kara lene para siddhasAdhyatA doSa nahIM AtA hai kyoMki mImAMsakoM ke yahA~ hamArA kahA gayA sAdhya prasiddha nahIM hai| hama indriyajanyajJAna ko pakSa nahIM banAte haiM evaM pakSa kA aprasiddha vizeSyatA nAmakA yaha doSa bhI yahA~ nahIM AtA hai kyoMki parimANa ke samAna jJAna bhI uttarottara bar3hatA huA dIkha rahA hai| jIvoM meM aneka bhAvanAjJAna, pratibhAjJAna dRSTigocara ho rahe haiN| ata: jainAcAryoM kA hetu svarUpAsiddha aura AzrayAsiddha bhI nahIM hai kyoMki AtmA meM satyArtharUpa se isa prakAra kA jJAna prasiddha hai||30|| prativAdI mImAMsaka ke yahA~ vaha hetu pakSa meM bhI kahIM dikhalA diyA gayA hai| arthAt - vedazAstra dvArA yA vyAptijJAna se sampUrNa padArthoM ko viSaya kara lenA mImAMsakoM ne bhI mAnA hai| kevala vizada kA vivAda raha gayA hai| isa prakaraNa meM jainAcAryoM dvArA indriyajanya jJAna paramaprakarSa ko prApta ho jAtA hai, aisI pratijJA
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika*45 nApyakrama karaNAtItaM parisphuTaM jJAnaM tathA sAdhyate yatastasyaiva dharmiNoraprasiddhavizeSyatA svarUpAdeH siddhizca heturdharmiNosiddhau taddharmasya sAdhanasyAsambhavAdAzrayAsiddhazca bhvet| kiM tarhi jJAnasAmAnyaM dharmi? na ca tasya sarvArthagocaratvena paramaprakarSamAtre sAdhye siddhasAdhyatA bhUtAdiviSayaM codanAjJAnamanumAnAdijJAnaM vA prakRSTamanicchantaM vAdinaM nAstikaM prati prayogAt / mImAMsakaM prati tatprayoge siddhasAdhanameva bhUtAdyazeSArthagocarasya codanAjJAnasya paramaprakarSaprAptasya tenAbhyupagatatvAditi cenna, taM prati pratyakSasAmAnyasya dharmitvAttasya tena siddha nahIM kI jA rahI hai aura hetujanya jJAna yA Agama, vyAptijJAna Adi vijJAnoM kI parama prakarSatA bhI nahIM sAdhI jA rahI hai jisase ki siddhasAdhana nAmaka doSa kaThinatA se dUra kiyA jA ske| bhAvArtha - akSavijJAna ko pakSa banA lene para siddhasAdhana doSa avazya AtA hai kyoMki dUsare mImAMsaka yA nAstika vidvAnoM ke yahA~ bhI indriyajJAna meM aura anumAna Adi jJAnoM meM parama prakarSa taka prApta ho jAnA iSTa kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra kramarahita, atIndriya, paripUrNa, vizadajJAna ke bhI paramaprakarSa ko nahIM sAdha rahe haiM jisase ki usa dharmI kI hI asiddhi ho jAne se pakSa kA aprasiddha vizeSyapanA doSa lagatA hai| arthAt - ukta tIna (akrama, vizada, atIndriya) upAdhiyoM se yukta jJAnasvarUpa vizeSya abhI taka prasiddha nahIM huA hai| aisI dazA meM jJAna sAmAnya ko pakSa kara lene para mImAMsakajana aprasiddhavizeSyatA doSa ko hamAre Upara nahIM uThA saMkate haiN| tathA paripUrNa jJAna kI puna: paramaprakarSapane kI prApti to phira hotI nahIM hai jisase ki pakSa meM hetu ke na rahane para hamArA tAratamya se adhirUr3hapanA hetu svarUpAsiddha ho ske| paripUrNa jJAna pakSa koTi meM nahIM hai to phira hetu svarUpAsiddha kaise ho sakatA hai? aura dharmIjJAna kI siddhi nahIM ho cukane para usa asambhUta pakSa meM rahanA hetusvarUpa dharma kA asambhava ho jAne se hamArA hetu AzrayAsiddha hetvAbhAsa ho jAtA ? arthAtatIndriya pUrNa jJAna ko hama pakSa nahIM banA rahe haiN| ataH hamArA hetu AzrayAsiddha nahIM hai| jJAna sAmAnya to siddha hI hai| ... tumane pakSa koTi meM kauna sA jJAna grahaNa kiyA hai? isa prakAra jijJAsA karane para jaina kahate haiM ki yahA~ jJAna sAmAnya pakSa hai| usa sAmAnyajJAna ko sampUrNa arthoM ke viSayIpane se paramaprakarSa kI prApti ko sAmAnya rUpa se sAdhya karane para siddha sAdhyatA doSa nahIM AtA hai| kyoMki vidhi liGanta vedavAkyoM dvArA utpanna Agama jJAna athavA anumAna, tarka Adi jJAnoM ke prakarSatA ko prApta ho jAne para bhUta, bhaviSyat Adi padArthoM ko viSaya kara lenA nahIM cAhane vAle nAstikavAdI ke prati pUrvokta anumAna kA prayoga kiyA hai| arthAt nAstikoM ke yahA~ sampUrNa arthoM ko viSaya karane vAlA jJAna siddha nahIM hai| ata: anumAna dvArA asiddha sAdhya ko siddha kiyA hai| mImAMsakoM ke prati usa anumAna kA prayoga karane para to siddhasAdhana doSa hai hI kyoMki "codanA hi bhUtaM bhavantaM bhaviSyantaM viprakaSTamityevaM jAtIyakamarthamavagamayitumalaM puruSavizeSAn" vedavAkyoM se utpanna huA jJAna abhyAsa bar3hane se paramaprakarSa ko prApta hokara bhUta, bhaviSyat Adi sampUrNa padArthoM ko viSaya kara
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika*46 sarvArthaviSayatvenAtyantaprakRSTasyAnabhyupagamAt / na caivamaprasiddhavizeSyAdidoSaH pakSAdeH sambhavati kevalaM mImAMsakAnprati yadaitatsAdhanaM tadA pratyakSaM vizadaM sUkSmAdyarthaviSayaM sAdhayatyevAnavadyatvAt / yadA tu nAstikaM prati sarvArthagocaraM jJAnasAmAnyaM sAdhyate tadA tasya karaNakramavyavadhAnAtivartitvaM spaSTatvaM ca kathaM siddhyati ityAha; tacca sarvArthavijJAnaM puna: sAvaraNaM mtN| adRSTatvAdyathA cakSustimirAdibhirAvRtaM // 31 // jJAnasyAvaraNaM yAti prakSayaM paramaM kvacit / prakRSyamANahAnitvAddhamAdau shyaamikaadivt||32|| tato'nAvaraNaM spaSTaM viprkRssttaarthgocrN| siddhamakramavijJAnaM sakalaMkamahIyasAm // 33 // letA hai| isa prakAra mImAMsakoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| unake prati jainAcArya kahate haiM ki mImAMsakoM kA yaha kathana ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki jJAnapada se pratyakSa sAmAnya ko hamane pakSa koTi meM grahaNa kiyA hai| mImAMsakoM ne pratyakSajJAna dvArA sabhI padArthoM ko viSaya kara lenA nahIM mAnA hai| ata: hetu asiddha ko siddha karane vAlA hone se hamAre prati siddha sAdhana doSa mImAMsaka nahIM uThA skte| isa prakAra sAmAnyajJAna yA sAmAnyapratyakSa ko pakSa karane para pakSa, sAdhya, pratijJA Adi ke aprasiddha-vizeSyatA, aprasiddha vizeSaNatA,svarUpAsiddhi, AzrayAsiddhi Adika doSa saMbhava nahIM haiN| kevala mImAMsakoM ke prati yaha hetvAbhAsa doSa AtA hai jainoM ke prati nhiiN| ata: koI pratyakSajJAna atIva vizada hotA hai, yaha siddha ho hI jAtA hai| kyoMki hetu doSoM se rahita hone ke kAraNa hamArA hetu nirdoSa hai| nAstikavAdiyoM ke prati jJAna sAmAnya ko sampUrNa arthoM kA viSaya karane vAlA siddha karate haiM taba . usa sampUrNa arthoM ke jJAna ko indriyoM ke krama pUrvaka honA, vyavadhAna kA ullaMghana karanA aura spaSTapanA kaise siddha ho jAtA hai? isa prakAra jijJAsA hone para zrI vidyAnanda AcAya kahate haiM dRSTavya sampUrNa padArthoM kA pratyakSa kara lene vAlA nahIM hone se svabhAva se hI sampUrNa arthoM ko jAnane vAle usa vijJAna ko phira AvaraNoM se sahita mAnA hai| jaise tamArA, kAmala Adi doSoM se DhakA huA netr| AvRtaM sahitaM arthAt - saMsArI jIvoM kI cetanA zakti ke Upara AvaraNa aura doSa A gae haiN| ata: vaha jJAna indriyoM ke krama se hotA hai aura vyavadhAna yukta hotA hai| AvaraNoM ke sarvathA dUra ho jAne para vaha atIndriya sarvajJajJAna yugapat sampUrNa arthoM ko spaSTa jAna letA hai|31|| kisI na kisI AtmA meM jJAna kA AvaraNa utkRSTa rUpa se prakRSTa kSaya ko prApta ho jAtA hai| jaise svarNa Adi meM kAlimA kiTTa Adi kI vRddhi hAni kisI sone meM prakaSTapane ko prApta ho jAtI hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki svabhAva viprakRSTa paramANu, kArmaNavargaNAe~ Adi tathA deza viprakRSTa, kAla viprakRSTa sumeru rAma Adi aura bhI sampUrNa padArthoM ko viSaya karane vAlA mahAn puruSoM kA jJAna, jJAnAvaraNakarma ke paTaloM se rahita hai, atIva vizada hai, krama se nahIM hotA huA sabako yugapat jAnatA hai tathA ajJAna, rAga, dveSa Adi kalaMkoM se rahita hai // 31-32-33 / /
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika*47 yata evamatIndriyArthaparicchedanasamarthaM pratyakSamasarvajJavAdinaM prati siddham / / tataH sAtizayA dRSTAH prjnyaamedhaadibhirnraaH| bhUtAdyazeSavijJAnabhAjazveccodanAbalAt // 34 // kinna kSINAvRtiH sUkSmAnarthAndraSTuM kSamaH sphuttN| maMdajJAnAnatikrAmannAtizete parAnnarAn // 35 // yadi prairbhydhaayi| "dazahastAntaraM vyomni yo na nAmAtra gcchti| na yojanamasau gaMtuM zaktobhyAsazatairapi' ityaadi| tadapi na yuktamityAha jisa prakAra sarvajJa ko nahIM mAnane vAle mImAMsaka, nAstika Adi vAdiyoM ke prati atIndriya arthoM ko sAkSAt yugapat jAnane kI sAmarthya se yukta pratyakSajJAna siddha kara diyA gayA hai, isa paMkti ke 'yata:' kA anvaya agrima vArtika meM par3e hue 'tataH' zabda ke sAtha lagA lenA cAhie; usI prakAra AgAmI kAla ke pariNAma ko vicArane vAlI buddhi prajJA aura dhAraNA nAmaka saMskAra ko dhArane vAlI buddhi medhA Adi ke dvArA mAnava atizaya sahita dekhe jAte haiN| ve manuSya isa jJAna kA prakarSa bar3hAte hue bhUta, bhaviSyat, viprakRSTa Adi sampUrNa padArthoM ke vijJAna ko dhArane vAle bana sakate haiM, isameM koI bAdhaka nahIM hai| jaise mImAMsaka mata meM vedavAkyoM kI sAmarthya se mAnava bhUta Adi padArthoM kA jJAtA ho sakatA hai, vaise jisa manuSya ke jJAnAvaraNa karmoM kA pUrNa kSaya ho cukA hai, vaha puruSa sUkSma vyavahita Adi arthoM ko vizadarUpa se dekhane ke lie kyoM nahIM samartha hogA? aura mandajJAna vAle dUsare manuSyoM kA atikramaNa karatA huA una manuSyoM se adhika camatkAra ko dhAraNa karane vAlA kyoM nahIM ho jAegA? arthAt jJAnAvaraNoM kA kSaya karane vAlA manuSya sUkSma Adi arthoM ko avazya vizada jAna letA hai aura anya alpajJAniyoM se adhika camatkArI ho jAtA hai||34-35|| ". mImAMsakoM ne apane Agama meM kahA hai ki jo jIva AkAza meM uchala kara dasa hAtha kA antara lekara cala sakatA hai, vaha saikar3oM abhyAsa karake bhI eka yojana taka jAne ke lie samartha nahIM hai yaha kathana bhI yuktipUrNa nhiiN| isI bAta ko zrI vidyAnanda AcArya spaSTa kara kahate haiM - uchalanA, kUdanA, ullaMghanA Adi dRSTAnta to svabhAva se hI bahuta dUra taka ullaMghana karane vAle padArtha meM upayogI nahIM hai| dUra taka Upara cale jAnA Adi svabhAva ke prakaTa ho jAne para kisI bhI prakAra se asaMkhya yojana taka uchala jAne rUpa svabhAva kA niSedha nahIM hotA hai| jIva yA pudgala kA Urdhvagati svabhAva prakaTa ho jAne para eka yojana to kyA asaMkhya yojana taka uchalanA pratIta ho jAtA hai| yadi aisA nahIM mAnA jAyegA to bar3e bhArI lokAkAza meM Upara jagat ke cUDAmaNi svarUpa tanuvAtavalaya meM sampUrNa karmoM kA kSaya kara cuke siddha bhagavAn kI eka samaya meM svabhAva se hone vAlI gati nahIM ho sktii| bhAvArtha - sampUrNa ATha karmoM kA kSaya kara muktAtmA yahA~ karmabhUmi se sAta rAjU Upara siddha loka meM eka hI samaya meM jA pahu~catI hai| eka rAjU meM asaMkhyAta yojana hote haiN|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 48 laGghanAdikadRSTAntaH svabhAvAna vilNghne| nAvirbhAve svabhAvasya pratiSedhaH kutazzana // 36 // svAbhAvikI gatirna syaatprkssiinnaashesskrmnnH| kSaNAdUrdhvaM jagaccUDAmaNau vyomni mhiiysi|37|| viiryaantraayvicchedvishessvshtopraa| bahudhA kena vAryeta niyataM vyomalaGghanAt // 38 / / tato yadupahasanamakAri bhtttten| "yairuktaM kevljnyaanmindriyaadynpekssinnH| sUkSmAtItAdiviSayaM sUktaM jIvasya tairadaH" iti, tadapi parihatamityAha tataH smnttshckssurindriyaadynpekssinnH| niHzeSadravyaparyAyaviSayaM kevalaM sthitaM // 39 // tadevaM pramANata: siddhe kevalajJAne sakalakuvAdyaviSaye yuktaM tasya viSayaprarUpaNaM matijJAnAdivat // ekAdIni bhAjyAni yugpdeksminnaacturthyH||30|| AtmA ke vIryaguNa kA pratibaMdha karane vAle vIryAntarAya karma kA kSayopazamavizeSa yA kSayaM ke vaza se aura bhI bahuta prakAra kI gatiyoM kA honA kisake dvArA niSedha kiyA jA sakatA hai? arthAt - nhiiN| eka kosa, sau kosa, koTi yojana, eka rAjU, sAta rAjU, isa prakAra kI niyatarUpa se AkAza ko ullaMghane vAlI gatiyA~ pramANa siddha haiN| ata: mImAMsakoM kA dRSTAMta viSama hai aura svapakSa kA ghAtaka hai||36-3738|| ata: mImAMsaka kumArila bhaTTa ne jo jainoM kA upahAsa kiyA thA ki jina jainoM ne indriya, mana, hetu, sAdRzya, pada Adi kI apekSA nahIM rakhane vAle jIva ke sUkSma, bhUta, bhaviSyat Adi padArthoM ko viSaya karane vAlA kevalajJAna kahA hai, una jainoM ne yaha tattva bahuta acchA kahA hai| isa prakAra bhaTTa ke upahAsa vacana kA bhI khaNDana kara diyA hai| isI bAta ko zrI vidyAnanda AcArya vArtika dvArA kahate haiM - ata: yaha vyavasthita ho gayA ki cAroM ora se cakSu indriya, mana, jJApaka hetu, arthApatti, utthApaka artha, vedavAkya Adi kI apekSA nahIM karane vAle AvaraNa rahita jIva ke (kevalajJAnI ke) sampUrNa dravya aura sampUrNa paryAyoM ko viSaya karane vAlA kevalajJAna prakaTa ho jAtA hai| kevalajJAna ke sadbhAva meM bAdhA dene vAle pramANoM kI asaMbhavatA hai||39|| isa prakAra sampUrNa kucodya (kuzaMkA) karane vAle vAdiyoM kI samajha meM nahIM Ane vAle kevalajJAna kI pramANoM se siddhi ho cukanepara kramaprApta usa kevalajJAna meM matijJAna Adi ke samAna viSaya kA nirUpaNa karanA yukta hai| aba sUtrakAra eka jIva ke eka sAtha hone vAle jJAnoM kA kathana karate haiM - eka AtmA meM eka hI samaya meM eka ko Adi lekara bhAjyasvarUpa cAra jJAna taka ho sakate haiN||30||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 49 kAnpratIdaM sUtramityAvedayati;ekatrAtmani vijJAnamekamevaikadeti ye| manyante tAnprati prAha yugapajjJAnasambhavam // 1 // atraikazabdasya prAthamyavacanatvAtprAdhAnyavacanatvAdvA kvacidAtmani jJAnaM ekaM prathama pradhAnaM vA saMkhyAvacanatvAdekasaMkhyaM vA vaktavyaM / tacca kiM dve ca jJAne kiM yugapadekatra trINi catvAri vA jJAnAni kAnItyAha; prAcyokaM matijJAnaM shrutibhedaanpekssyaa| pradhAnaM kevalaM vA syAdekatra yugapannari // 2 // ___ arthAt - cAhe vigrahagati meM AtmA ho athavA sUkSma nigodiyA ke zarIra meM ho, usake koI na koI jJAna to avazya hogaa| jJAnarahita AtmA nahIM raha sakatI tathA eka samaya meM cAra jJAnoM se adhika labdhisvarUpa jJAna nahIM ho sakate haiN||30|| _zrI umAsvAmI AcArya ne kina pravAdiyoM ke prati isa "ekAdIni' Adi sUtra ko kahA hai? isa prakAra jijJAsA hone para zrI vidyAnanda AcArya uttara svarUpa kahate haiM -... jo naiyAyika Adi vAdI eka samaya meM eka AtmA meM eka hI vijJAna hotA hai, aisA mAnate haiM, una . vidvAnoM ke prati eka samaya meM hone vAle jJAnoM ko samajhAne ke lie yaha sUtra kahA hai| arthAt - eka samaya meM eka AtmA ko eka hI jJAna nahIM hotA hai kintu yogyatA svarUpa cAra jJAna taka ho sakate haiN| jaina darzana ke atirikta labdhisvarUpa jJAnoM kI anya matoM meM carcA nahIM hai| ve to upayogAtmaka eka hI jJAna mAnate haiN||1|| .. 'eka' isa zabda ke saMkhyA, asahAya, pradhAna, prathama, bhinna Adi aneka artha hote haiN| kintu isa sUtra meM eka zabda kA artha prathama athavA pradhAna vivakSita hai| saMkhyeyaM meM pravarta rahe eka zabda ke dvArA prathama kA kathana karanA artha hone se athavA pradhAna artha kA kathana karanA ho to kisI eka AtmA meM eka arthAt prathama jJAna matijJAna athavA eka yAnI pradhAna jJAna kevalajJAna ho sakatA hai? athavA eka zabda dvArA saMkhyA kA kathana karane para eka saMkhyA vAlA jJAna kahanA caahie| . eka se lekara cAra jJAna taka hote haiN| unameM eka jJAna kaunasA hai? aura yugapat hone vAle do jJAna kaunase haiM? tathA eka hI samaya meM eka AtmA meM hone vAle tIna jJAna kauna se haiM? athavA eka hI samaya meM eka AtmA meM hone vAle cAra jJAna kaunase haiM? isa prakAra prazna hone para zrI vidyAnanda AcArya uttara kahate haiM___. 'prathama' isa artha ko kahane vAle eka zabda kI vivakSA karane para eka AtmA meM yugapat pahilA matijJAna eka hogaa| yahA~ zrutajJAna ke bhedoM kI apekSA nahIM kI gaI hai| yadyapi matijJAna aura zrutajJAna donoM avinAbhAvI haiM; eka indriya vAle jIva ke bhI donoM jJAna vidyamAna haiM kintu eka zabda kA prathama artha vivakSita hone para vidyamAna zrutavizeSoM kI apekSA nahIM karake eka hI matijJAna kA sadbhAva kaha diyA gayA hai| zrutajJAna kA vizeSa saMjJI paMcendriya jIva ke zabdajanya vAcya artha kA jJAna hone para mAnA gayA hai| ataH khAte, pIte, chUte, sUMghate, dekhate hue jIva ke eka matijJAna hI vivakSita kiyA hai| athavA eka zabda kA artha 'pradhAna' aisA kiyA jAtA hai, taba eka jIva meM pradhAna jJAna kevalajJAna ho sakegA anya nahIM // 2 //
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 50 dvedhA matizrute syAtAM te cAvadhiyute kvacit / manaHparyayajJAne vA trINi yena yute tathA // 3 // prathamaM matijJAnaM kvacidAtmani zrutabhedasya tatra sato'pyaparipUrNatvenAnapekSaNAt pradhAna ke valametenai kasaMkhyAvAcyapyeka zabdo vyAkhyAtaH svayamiSTasyaikasya parigrahAt / pNcaanaamnytmsyaanissttsyaasmbhvaat| kvacitpuna matizrute kvacitte vAvadhiyute manaHparyayayute ceti trINi jJAnAni saMbhavanti kvacitte evAvadhimana:paryayadvayena yute catvAri jJAnAni bhvnti| paMcaikasminna bhavantItyAha eka AtmA meM eka samaya meM do prakAra ke jJAna mati aura zruta ho sakate haiM aura avadhi se yukta ve donoM jJAna kisI AtmA meM yugapat tIna jJAna ho jAte haiM tathA kisI AtmA meM mana:paryayajJAna ke ho jAne para una donoM ko milA kara tIna jJAna yugapat ho jAte haiM arthAt - mati, zruta, avadhi yA mati, zruta, mana:paryaya, ye tIna jJAna yugapat ho sakate haiM athavA ve tIna jJAna yadi mana:paryayajJAna se yukta ho jAyeM to mati, zruta, avadhi, mana:paryaya isa prakAra cAra jJAna bhI eka samaya meM kisI eka jIva ke ho sakate haiN| eka jIva ke pA~coM jJAnoM kA yugapat honA asambhava hai||3|| __ kisI eka AtmA meM pahalA eka matijJAna hotA hai| yadyapi usa matijJAnI AtmA meM zrutajJAna kA bheda bhI vidyamAna hai phira bhI zrutajJAna ke paripUrNa nahIM hone ke kAraNa usa zrutajJAna kI apekSA nahIM kI gayI hai| arthAt - jisa eka indriya vAle yA vikalatraya jIvoM ke akele matijJAna kI sambhAvanA hai, una jIvoM ke thor3A manda zrutajJAna bhI hai| kintu anindriya (mana) kI sahAyatA se honevAle viziSTa zrutajJAna kI sambhAvanA nahIM hone se vaha zrutajJAna vidyamAna hokara bhI avidyamAna sadRza hai| eka AtmA meM eka pradhAna jJAna kevalajJAna ho sakatA hai| isa ukta kathana se ekatva saMkhyA ko kahane vAle bhI 'eka' isa zabda kA vyAkhyAna kara diyA gayA hai aisA samajha lenA caahie| kyoMki zrI umAsvAmI mahArAja ko svayaM iSTa eka jJAna kA bhI saMkhyAvAcI eka zabda se pUrA grahaNa ho jAtA hai aura pA~ca jJAnoM meM se cAhe koI bhI eka jJAna ke sadbhAva kA ho jAnA isa aniSTa artha kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai| arthAt vyApaka artha hone para vyApya artha A hI jAtA hai ata: saMkhyAvAcI eka zabda kA abhiprAya karane para eka matijJAna kA hI sadbhAva rakhanA caahie| akele zrutajJAna yA akele avadhijJAna athavA akele mana:paryayajJAna kA sadbhAva asambhava hone ke kAraNa iSTa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| yadi kisI eka AtmA meM do jJAna hoM to phira matijJAna aura zrutajJAna ye do ho sakate haiN| kisI eka vivakSita AtmA meM avadhi sahita mati, zruta yA manaHparyaya se sahita matizruta eka AtmA meM tIna jJAna ho sakate haiN| tathA kisI eka AtmA meM ve mati aura zruta donoM hI jJAna yadi avadhi aura manaHparyaya ina donoM se yukta ho jAte haiM to yugapat cAroM jJAna ho sakate haiN| eka AtmA meM yugapat pA~coM jJAna nahIM ho sakate hai| ise kahate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika *51 Acaturthya iti vyAptavAdo vacanataH punaH / paMcaikatra na vidyante jJAnAnyetAni jAtucit // 4 // kSAyopazamikajJAnaiH sahabhAvavirodhAtkSAyikasyetyuktaM paMcAnAmekatrAsahabhavanamanyatra // bhAjyAni pravibhAgena sthApyAnIti nibuddhyatAM / ekAdInyekadaikatrAnupayogAni nAnyathA / 5 / / sopayogasyAnekasya jJAnasyaikatra yaugapadyavacane hi siddhAntavirodhaH sUtrakArasya na punaranupayogasya saha dvAvupayogau na sta iti vcnaat| sopayogayorjJAnayoH saha pratiSedhAditi nivedayanti___AG' isa nipAta ke maryAdA, abhividhi Adi bahuta artha haiN| Acaturthya: yahA~ AG kA artha abhividhi hai| maryAdA meM kaNThokta ko chor3a diyA jAtA hai aura abhividhi meM usa kathita padArtha ko bhI grahaNa kara liyA jAtA hai| Acaturthya: yahA~ vyApta artha ko kahane vAle AG zabda kA kathana kara dene se yaha siddhAnta prApta ho jAtA hai ki eka AtmA meM mati, zruta, avadhi, mana:paryaya, kevalajJAna ye pA~coM jJAna yugapat kabhI bhI nahIM ho sakate arthAt jJAnAvaraNa kA kSaya ho jAne para AtmA meM sarvadA kevalajJAna hI rahatA hai kyoMki dezaghAtI prakRtiyoM ke udaya hone para hone vAle cAra jJAnoM kA kSAyika jJAna ke samaya meM sadbhAva nahIM hai // 4 // kSAyopazamika jJAna ke sAtha kSAyikajJAna kA virodha hone se pA~ca jJAna eka sAtha nahIM hote haiM, aisA kahA hai| isa sUtra meM kahe gaye 'bhAjyAni' zabda kA artha vibhAga karake sthApana karane yogya hai| 'aisA' samajha lenA caahie| eka samaya meM eka AtmA meM eka ko Adi lekara ke cAra jJAna taka ho sakate haiN| ve anupayogAtmaka haiM, upayoga svarUpa nahIM haiM arthAt labdhisvarUpa jJAna to eka samaya meM eka AtmA meM do, tIna, cAra taka ho sakate haiN| kintu upayoga svarUpa jJAna to eka samaya meM eka hI hotA hai kyoMki upayoga paryAya hai| cetanAguNa kI eka samaya meM eka hI paryAya ho sakatI hai| eka samaya meM eka AtmA meM do upayoga nahIM ho sakate haiN||5|| eka AtmA meM upayoga sahita aneka jJAnoM kA yugapat ho jAnA yadi kathana karate to sUtrakAra zrI umAsvAmI mahArAja ko syAdvAdasiddhAnta se virodha hotaa| kintu anupayogasvarUpa aneka jJAnoM kA eka hI kAla meM eka AtmA meM kathana karane para siddhAnta se koI virodha nahIM AtA hai kyoMki eka sAtha upayogAtmaka do jJAna nahIM ho skte| aisA kahA gayA hai kyoMki chadmastha jIvoM ke bAraha upayogoM meM se eka samaya meM eka hI upayoga ho sakatA hai| eka guNa kI eka samaya meM do paryAyeM nahIM ho sakatIM ata: kSayopazamajanya labdhisvarUpa jJAna eka se lekara cAra taka ho sakate haiM kintu upayoga svarUpa paryAya se pariNata jJAna eka samaya meM eka hI hotA hai, nyUna adhika nhiiN| upayogasahita do jJAnoM ke sAtha-sAtha ho jAne kA niSedha hai| isa rahasya ke sambandha meM zrI vidyAnanda AcArya kahate haiM
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 52 kSAyopazamikaM jJAnaM sopayogaM kramAditi / nArthasya vyAhatiH kaacitkrmjnyaanaabhidhaayinH|6|| nirupayogasyAnekasya jJAnasya sahabhAvavacanasAmarthyAt sopayogasya kramabhAvaH kSAyopazamikasyetyuktaM bhvti| tathA ca nArthasya hAniH kramabhAvijJAnAvabodhakasya smbhaavyte| atrAparAkUtamanUdya nirAkurvannAha nopayogau saha syAtAmityAH khyApayanti ye| darzanajJAnarUpau tau na tu jJAnAtmakAviti // 7 // jJAnAnAM sahabhAvAya teSAmetadviruddhyate / kramabhAvi ca yajjJAnamiti yuktaM tato na tat // 8 // yadApi kramabhAvi ca yajjJAnamiti samantabhadrasvAmivacanamanyathA vyAcakSate virodhaparihArArthaM tadApi doSamudbhAvayati jJAnAvaraNa karmoM ke kSayopazama se utpanna hue jJAna yadi upayogasahita hoMge to krama se hI hoNge| isa prakAra krama se jJAnoM kI utpatti kA kathana karane vAle syAdvAdI vidvAn ke yahA~ artha kA vyAkata nahIM hotA hai| arthAt - baddha AtmA meM dezaghAtI prakRtiyoM ke udaya kI avasthA meM upayoga svarUpa jJAna yA darzana kI eka samaya meM eka hI paryAya ho sakatI hai| jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa ke kSaya ho jAne para abaddha AtmA meM do paryAya ho jAne kA vyapadeza ho to koI kSati nahIM hai| saMsArI jIva krama se draSTA jJAtA hai aura kevalI bhagavAna yugapat draSTA jJAtA haiM / / 6 / / . nirupayoga labdhi Atmaka aneka jJAnoM ke eka sAtha ho jAne ke kathana kI sAmarthya se yaha bAta arthApatti dvArA kaha dI jAtI hai ki upayoga sahita kSAyopazamika jJAnoM kA krama-krama se hI utpAda hotA hai| aura isalie krama se hone vAle jJAnoM ko samajhAne vAle syAdvAdI ke kisI prayojana kI hAni saMbhava nahIM pUrva meM anya matAvalambiyoM kA varNana karake punaH unakA khaNDana karate hue AcArya kahate haiM- koI kahate haiM ki jJAna aura darzana ye donoM upayoga eka sAtha nahIM hote haiN| kintu jJAnasvarUpa do upayogoM ke sAtha ho jAne kA niSedha nahIM hai| arthAt - eka jJAnopayoga aura dUsarA darzanopayoga ye do upayoga eka sAtha nahIM ho sakate haiM kintu matijJAna aura zrutajJAna athavA cAkSuSa pratyakSa aura rasanA indriyajanya pratyakSa aise do jJAna to eka kAla meM ho sakate haiN| isakA khaNDana karate hue zrI vidyAnanda AcArya kahate haiM ki una mahApuruSoM ke upayoga Atmaka jJAnoM kA sahabhAva kathana karanA isa siddhAnta vAkya se virodha par3atA hai ki "kramabhAvi ca yajjJAnaM syaadvaadnysNskRtm"| zrI samantabhadra svAmI ne AptamImAMsA meM kahA hai ki kSayopazama se janya jo jJAna syAdvAdanyAya se saMskAra yukta hokara krama-krama se hote haiM, ve bhI pramANa haiM ata: isa prakAra jJAnoM kA sahabhAva kathana karanA yuktipUrNa nahIM hai| arthAt-upayogAtmaka do jJAna eka sAtha nahIM hote haiN||7 8 // virodha doSa kA parihAra karane ke lie jaba kabhI ve vidvAn krama se hone vAle jo jJAna haiM ve pramANa haiM isa prakAra zrI samantabhadra svAmI ke vacanoM kA dUsare prakAroM se vyAkhyAna karate haiM taba bhI una para zrI vidyAnanda AcArya doSoM ko prakaTa karate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 53 zabdasaMsRSTavijJAnApekSayA vacanaM tthaa| yasmAduktaM tadevAryaiH syAdvAdanayasaMsthitam // 9 // iti vyAcakSate ye tu teSAM matyAdivedanaM / pramANaM tatra neSTaM syAttata: sUtrasya bAdhanam // 10 // tattvajJAnaM pramANaM te yugapatsarvabhAsanamityanena kevalasya kramabhAvi ca yajjJAnaM syAdvAdanayasaMskRtamityanena ca zrutasyAgamasya pramANAntaravacanamiti vyAkhyAne matijJAnasyAvadhimana:paryayayozca nAtra pramANatvamukta syAt / "zrI samantabhadrAcArya ne zabda ke sAtha saMsarga ko prApta vijJAna kI apekSA se vacana kahA hai, tabhI to una AcAryoM ko jJAna kA syAdvAda nIti se sthita ho jAnA kahA jAtA hai|" arthAt - jina jJAnoM meM zabda kI yojanA ho jAtI hai jaise ki kisI mAnava ke kahane se kisI deza meM dhAnya kI utpatti kA jJAna kiyA tathA usake zabdoM dvArA vahA~ ke puruSoM meM sadAcAra meM pravRtti jJAta kara lI ityAdi aise zabdasaMsargIjJAna to zrotA ko krama se hI hote haiM aura aisA artha karane para hI "syAdvAdanayasaMskRtam' yaha pada bhI ThIka saMgata ho jAtA hai| kintu zabda kI yojanA se rahita bahubhAga zrutajJAna aura sabhI mati, avadhi aura mana:paryaya ye jJAna to eka sAtha ho sakate haiM, kyoMki unameM zabdoM kA saMsarga nahIM hai| isa prakAra AptamImAMsA ke vAkya .. kA jo vidvAn vyAkhyAna karate haiM, unake yahA~ matijJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryayajJAna aura zabda kA saMsarga nahIM rakhane vAlA bahubhAga zrutajJAna to pramANa abhISTa nahIM ho sakeMge aura aisA ho jAne se sUtrakAra ke pA~coM jJAnoM ko pramANa kahane vAle sUtra ko bAdhA upasthita ho jaaegii| arthAt - yadi zabdasaMsargI zrutajJAna kA hI pramANapanA kaha diyA jAyegA to zeSa mati Adi jJAnoM kA pramANapanA vyavasthita nahIM ho sakegA aura aisI dazA meM "matizrutAvadhimana:paryayakevalAni jJAnaM" zrI umAsvAmI mahArAja ke isa pramANa pratipAdaka sUtra se zrI samantabhadra svAmI kI kArikA kA virodha ho jaayegaa||9-10|| ___"tattvajJAnaM pramANate yugapat sarvabhAsanaM' yaha devAgamastotra kI kArikA hai| isakA artha hai ki he jinendra! Apake yahA~ tattvoM kA yathArthajJAna hI pramANa mAnA gayA hai| ina pramANa jJAnoM meM pradhAna jJAna kevalajJAna hai jo sampUrNa padArthoM kA yugapat sAkSAt pratibhAsa karatA hai aura jo jJAna krama se hone vAle haiM, ve bhI tattvajJAnasvarUpa hone se pramANa haiN| syAdvAdanIti se saMskRta zrutajJAna bhI pramANa hai| athavA "syAdvAdanayasaMskRtaM'' yaha vizeSaNa sabhI tattvajJAnoM meM lagA lenA caahie| saptabhaMgI prakriyA sarvatra sulabha hai| yahA~ ukta kArikA ke pUrvArdha se kevalajJAna kA pramANapanA kahate hue ve vidvAn "kramabhAvi ca yajjJAnaM syAdvAdanayasaMskRtaM' kArikA ke isa uttarArddha ke dvArA kevala Agama svarUpa zrutajJAna ko pramANa kahate haiN| kintu aisA vyAkhyAna karane para isa kArikA meM matijJAna aura dezapratyakSasvarUpa avadhijJAna, mana:paryaya jJAnoM kA pramANapanA nahIM samajhA jAyegA aura isa prakAra kevalajJAna aura zrutajJAna ina do jJAnoM kA hI pramANapanA zrI samantabhadrasvAmI kI kArikA dvArA vyavasthita ho jAne para tattvArthasUtrakAra dvArA kahe gaye matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryayajJAna aura kevalajJAna ye pA~ca jJAna pramANa haiM tathA ve jJAna pratyakSa aura parokSa ina do pramANasvarUpa haiN| isa prakAra pA~coM jJAnoM ko do pramANasvarUpapanA pratipAdana karane vAle sUtroM ke dvArA bAdhA ho jAne kA prasaMga aayegaa|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika *54 tathA ca matizrutAvadhimana:paryayakevalAni jJAnaM' 'tatpramANe' iti jJAnapaMcakasya pramANadvayarUpatvapratipAdakasUtreNa bAdhanaM prasajyeta / yadA tu matyAdijJAnacatuSTayaM kramabhAvi kevalaM ca yugapatsarvabhAvi pramANaM syAdvAdena pramANena sakalAdezinA tayozca vikalAdezibhiH saMskRtaM sakalavipratipattinirAkaraNadvAreNAgatamiti vyAkhyAyate tadA sUtrabAdhA parihatA bhavatyeva / nanu paravyAkhyAne'pi na sUtrabAdhA kramabhAvi ceti cazabdAnmatijJAnasyAvadhimanaH paryayayozca saMgrahAdityatra doSamAha cazabdAsaMgrahAttasya tadvirodho na cetkatham / tasya krameNa janmeti labhyate vacanAdvinA // 11 // kramabhAvi syAdvAdanayasaMskRtaM cazabdAnmatyAdijJAnaM kramabhAvIti na vyAkhyAyate yatastasya kramabhAvitvaM vacanAdvinA na lbhyet| kiM tarhi syAdvAdanayasaMskRtaM / yattu zrutajJAnaM kramabhAvi cazabdAdakramabhAvi ca kintu jaba zrI samantabhadrasvAmI kI kArikA kA artha isa prakAra kiyA jAyegA ki 'krama-krama' se hone vAle mati, zruta Adi cAroM jJAna aura eka hI samaya meM saba padArthoM ko prakAzane vAlA kevalajJAna pramANa hai| vasta ke sakala aMzoM kA kathana karane vAle syAdrAda pramANa ke dvArA aura vasta ke vikala aMzoM kA kathana karane vAle nayoM ke dvArA vaha tattvajJAna saMskRta hotA hai| athavA pramANa to sakalAdezI vAkya se saMskRta hai aura dravyArthika, paryAyArthika do naya vikalAdezI vAkyoM ke dvArA saMskAra prApta haiN| isa prakAra sampUrNa vivAdoM ke nirAkaraNa se yaha siddhAnta prApta ho jAtA hai ki pA~coM jJAna aura naya donoM hI pramANa haiN| isa prakAra kArikA . kA vyAkhyAna kiyA jAyegA, taba to sUtra se AyI huI bAdhA kA parihAra ho hI jAtA hai| zaMkA - dUsare vidvAn ke dvArA vyAkhyAna karane para bhI kArikA kI sUtra se bAdhA nahIM AtI hai kyoMki "kramabhAvi ca" kArikA meM par3e hue ca zabda ke dvArA matijJAna, avadhijJAna aura mana:paryayajJAna kA saMgraha ho jAtA hai| aisI dazA meM zrI samantabhadrasvAmI kI kArikA dvArA bhI pA~coM jJAnoM ko pramANatA prApta ho jAtI hai| samAdhAna - isa zaMkA kA nirAkaraNa kara isameM hone vAle doSa kahate haiM 'ca' zabda ke dvArA mati Adi jJAnoM kA saMgraha ho jAne se isa kArikA ke vAkya kA usa sUtra se virodha kyoM nahIM hotA hai? una mati Adi jJAnoM kI akrama se utpatti ho jAtI hai, yaha tumhArA siddhAnta vacana ke uccAraNa binA kaise prApta ho sakatA hai? arthAt - 'ca' zabda se mati Adi kA saMgraha to ho jAyegA kintu jJAnoM kA eka sAtha honA binA kahe hI kArikA se kaise nikala sakatA hai? zrI samantabhadra AcArya ne kramabhAvi' zabda to kahA hai kintu akramabhAvi zabda nahIM kahA hai ataH tumhArA vyAkhyAna ThIka nahIM hai||11|| vAdI kahatA hai ki hama krama se hone vAle tathA syAdvAda naya se saMskRta zrutajJAna aura 'ca' zabda se saMgRhIta kramapUrvaka hone vAle mati Adi jJAna pramANa haiM, aisA vyAkhyAna nahIM karate haiM jisase ki jainoM kA kSAyopazamika jJAnoM ke kramabhAvIpana kA mantavya to siddha ho jAya aura hama para-vAdiyoM dvArA mAnA gayA una mati Adi jJAnoM kA akrama se hojAnApana vacana ke binA prApta nahIM ho ske|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 55 matyAdijJAnamiti vyAkhyAnaM kriyate sUtrabAdhAparihArasyaivaM prasiddheriti cet, naivamitivacanAt sUtrAnmatyAdijJAnamakramabhAviprakAzanAdvinA lbdhumshkteH| nanu bahvAdisUtraM matijJAnayogapadyapratipAdakaM tAvadastIti zaMkAmupadarya pratyAcaSTebahvAdyavagrahAdInAmupadezAtsahodbhavaH / jJAnAnAmiti cennaivaM suutraarthaanvbodhtH||12|| bahuSvartheSu ttraikovgrhaadiritiissyte| tathA ca na bahUni syuH sahajJAnAni jAtucit // 13 // kathamevamidaM sUtramekasya jJAnasyaikatra sahabhAvaM prakAzayanna viruddhyate iti ceducyate zaMkA - tuma kArikA kA kaisA vyAkhyAna karate ho? isakA uttara yaha hai ki syAdvAdavAkya aura naya vAkyoM se saMskAra prApta jo jJAna hai vaha zrutajJAna to kramabhAvI hai kyoMki zabdoM kI yojanA krama se hI hotI hai ata: zabdasaMyukta zrutajJAna to kramabhAvI hai aura 'ca' zabda se gRhIta akrama se hone vAle mati Adi jJAna bhI pramANa haiN| isa prakAra kArikA kA vyAkhyAna kiyA jAtA hai aisA artha karane para umAsvAmI mahArAja ke sUtra se Ane vAlI bAdhA ke parihAra kI prasiddhi ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra paravAdiyoM ke kahane para AcArya kahate haiM ki yaha kathana yuktisaMgata nahIM hai kyoMki mati Adi jJAna akrama se (eka sAtha bhI) ho jAte haiN| isa tattva ko kahane vAle sUtravacana yA kArikA vacana ke binA hI artha prApta nahIM ho sakatA hai| mati jJAnoM ke yugapat hone kA pratipAdana karane vAlA "bahubahuvidhakSiprA" ityAdi sUtra to vidyamAna hai hii| isa prakAra kI AzaMkA ko dikhalAkara zrI vidyAnanda AcArya isa zaMkA kA khaNDana karate haiM- bahu, bahuvidha Adi padArthoM ke avagraha, IhA Adi jJAnoM ke upadeza se kaI jJAnoM kA eka sAtha utpanna honA siddha ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra nahIM kahanA caahie| kyoMki isa prakAra kahane vAle ko sUtra ke vAstavika artha kA jJAna nahIM hai| bahuta se arthoM meM yA bahuta jAti ke aneka arthoM meM eka avagraha, eka IhA jJAna, Adi hote haiN| isa prakAra usa sUtra kA artha abhISTa hai| usa prakAra aisA hone para kadAcit bhI eka sAtha bahuta jJAna nahIM ho sakate // 12-13 // eka samaya meM eka hI jJAna kA sadbhAva mAnane para eka AtmA meM eka samaya meM aneka jJAnoM ke sAthasAtha hone kA kathana karane vAlA "ekAdIni bhAjyAni" ityAdi sUtra viruddha kyoM nahIM hogA? arthAt eka samaya meM eka hI jJAna hotA hai, aisA mAnane para eka sAtha cAra jJAna ho sakate haiM yaha sUtra viruddha pdd'egaa| isa prakAra zaMkA karane para AcArya samAdhAna karate haiM - . . jJAna kI labdhisvarUpa zaktiyoM kI vivakSA karane se isa sUtra dvArA do, tIna, cAra jJAnoM kA sahabhAva kathana kara denA viruddha nahIM par3atA hai kyoMki syAdvAdasiddhAnta kI nIti ko jAnane vAle vidvAnoM ke yahA~ kathaMcit yAnI kisI kSayopazama kI apekSA se kitane hI jJAnoM kA akrama se utpanna honA viruddha nahIM hai| bhAvArtha - jaise siddhAnta, nyAya, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya ko jAnane vAlA vidvAn sote samaya, khAte, pIte, khelate samaya bhI ukta viSayoM kI vyutpatti sahita hai, kintu par3hAte samaya yA vyAkhyAna karate samaya eka hI viSaya ke jJAna se upayukta hote haiN|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 56 zaktyarpaNAttu tadbhAva: saheti na virudhyate / kathaMcidakramodbhUtiH syAdvAdanyAyavedinAm // 14 // kSAyopazamikajJAnAnAM hi svAvaraNakSayopazamayogapadyazakteH sahabhAvo'styekatrAtmani yoga iti kathaJcidakramotpattirna virudhyate sUtroktA syAdvAdanyAyavidAM / sarvathA sahabhAvayoranabhyupagamAcca na pratItivirodhaH zaktyAtmanaiva hi sahabhAvo nopayuktAtmanAnupayuktAtmanA vA sahabhAvo na zaktyAtmanApIti pratItisiddhaM / sahopayuktAtmanApi rUpAdijJAnapaMcakaprAdurbhAvamupayantaM pratyAha zaSkulIbhakSaNAdau tu rasAdijJAnapaMcakam / sakRdeva tathA tatra pratIteriti yo vadet // 15 // - ata: mati Adi jJAnoM meM syAt kramaH, syAt akramaH, syAt ubhayaM, syAt avaktavyaM, syAtkramaavaktavyaM, syAt akrama-avaktavyaM, syAt krama akrama-avaktavyaM yaha saptabhaMgI prakriyA lagA lenI caahie||14|| kSAyopazamika cAra jJAnoM kI apane-apane AvaraNa karane vAle jJAnAvaraNa karmoM ke kSayopazama kA yugapat hone se zakti kA sahabhAva eka AtmA meM vidyamAna hai| kintu upayogAtmaka jJAnoM kA saMhabhAva nahIM hai| isa prakAra una jJAnoM kI isa sUtra meM kahI gayI akrama se utpatti to syAdvAda nyAya ko jAnane vAle vidvAnoM ke yahA~ viruddha nahIM hotI hai| zakti aura upayoga kI apekSA isa sUtra kA aura "ekadA na dvAvupayogau" isa vAkya kA koI virodha nahIM hai| jainoM ne sarvathA jJAnoM ke sahabhAva aura sarvathA jJAnoM ke asahabhAva ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| zakti rUpa se jJAnoM kA sahabhAva mAnanA pramANa prasiddha pratItiyoM se viruddha nahIM hai| upayuktasvarUpa jJAnoM kA sahabhAva eka samaya meM nahIM hai athavA upayuktasvarUpa jJAnoM kA asahabhAva hai| zaktisvarUpa bhI asahabhAva ho bhI sakatA hai aura nahIM bhii| yaha siddhAnta pratItiyoM se siddha / jo vAdI upayogarUpa se bhI rUpa, rasa Adi pA~ca jJAnoM kI eka sAtha utpatti ko svIkAra karate haiM, unake prati AcArya kahate haiM - pUr3I Adi ke bhakSaNa, sUMghane, chUne Adi meM gandha Adi pA~coM jJAnoM kA eka hI samaya meM jJAna honA pratIta ho rahA hai| ata: upayoga svarUpa bhI aneka jJAna eka samaya meM ho sakate haiN| aisA kahanevAloM ko AcArya kahate haiM ki usa vidvAn ke yahA~ una pA~coM jJAnoM kI smRtiyA~ vizeSatA rahita hone se eka sAtha kyoM nahIM ho jAtI haiM? arthAt anubhava eka sAtha pA~ca hote haiM, to smRtiyA~ bhI eka sAtha pA~ca honI caahie| anubhava ke anusAra smRtiyA~ huA karatI haiN| kisI kAla meM kisI eka vyakti ko kahIM bhI isa prakAra eka samaya meM aneka jJAnoM kI saMvitti se vahA~ pUr3I bhakSaNa Adi meM una rasAdi ke pA~ca jJAnoM ke eka sAtha utpanna hone kI vyavasthA karate ho? athavA sadA sampUrNa vyaktiyoM ke sabhI aise sthaloM para isa prakAra saMvittiyoM se pA~coM jJAnoM kA sAtha ho jAnA svIkAra karate ho? prathamapakSAnusAra kisI ko kahIM kabhI vaisA jJAna hone se to yathArtha vyavasthA nahIM ho sktii| sabhI vyaktiyoM ko sadA aise sabhI sthaloM para rasa Adi ke ve pA~ca jJAna eka sAtha utpanna nahIM hote haiN| jaise kacaur3I bhakSaNa kara cukane para rUpa, rasa Adi kI smRtiyA~ krama se hI hotI haiN| isa prakAra rUpAdi ke pA~ca jJAnoM kA bhI krama se utpanna honA dekhA jAtA hai| pUr3I sambandhI
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 57 tasya tatsmRtayaH kinna saha syurvishesstH| tatra tAdRkSasaMvitteH kadAcitkasyacitkvacit / 16 / / sarvasya sarvadAtve tadrasAdijJAnapaMcakam / sahopajAyate naiva smRtivattatkramekSaNAt // 17 // kramajanma kvacid dRSTvA smRtiinaamnumiiyte| sarvatra kramabhAvitvaM yadyanyatrApi tatsamaM // 18 // paMcabhirvyavadhAnaM tu shsskuliibhkssnnaadissu| rasAdivedaneSu syAdyathA tadvatsmRtiSvapi // 19 // laghuvRtterna vicchedaH smRtInAmupalakSyate / yathA tathaiva rUpAdijJAnAnAmiti manyatAm // 20 // asaMkhyAtaiH kSaNaiH padmapatradvitayabhedanam / vicchinnaM sakRdAbhAti yeSAM bhrAntaiH kutazcana // 21 // rUpa, gandha, sparza, zabda, rasa ye pA~ca jJAna krama se hote haiN| zIghra - zIghra pravRtti ho jAne se saMskAravaza Atura prANI yugapat kaha detA hai||15-16-17|| ___ rUpa Adi ke jJAnoM kI utpatti ko mAna lete haiM, kintu unakI smRtiyA~ krama se hI mAnI jAtI haiN| smRtiyoM ko krama se utpanna huI dekhakara sabhI sthaloM para smRtiyoM ke krama se hone kA anumAna kara liyA jAtA hai| AcArya kahate haiM ki yadi isa prakAra smRtiyoM kA honA kramabhAvI mAnA jAyegA taba to sabhI rUpa Adika pA~ca anya jJAnoM meM bhI vaha krama se utpanna honA samAna hai| smRti aura anubhavoM ke krama se utpAda hone meM koI antara nahIM hai| ata: jJAnoM ko bhI krama mAnanA cAhie // 18 // .. jisa prakAra pUr3IbhakSaNa Adi ke kAla meM huI unakI smRtiyoM meM pA~ca ke dvArA vyavadhAna par3a jAtA hai, unhIM ke samAna kacaur3I bhakSaNa Adi meM hue rasa, gandha Adi ke jJAnoM meM bhI pA~coM ke dvArA vyavadhAna par3a jaaegaa| ataH jJAnoM meM kAla kRta pA~ca vyavadhAna par3a jAne se hI pA~ca jJAnapanA vyavasthita hai||19|| ____ zIghra-zIghra lAghava se pravRtti ho jAne ke kAraNa smRtiyoM kA madhyavartI antarAla jisa prakAra nahIM dIkha par3atA hai, usI prakAra kacaur3I bhakSaNa Adi meM rUpa, rasa Adi ke pA~ca jJAnoM kA vyavadhAna nahIM dIkha rahA hai arthAt - smRtiyoM ke samAna jJAnoM meM bhI madhyavartI antarAla par3a rahA hai| pA~coM jJAna eka sAtha nahIM hote haiM, krama se hI utpanna hote haiN|||20|| kamala ke pattoM kI gaDDI ko sUci dvArA bheda karanA asaMkhyAta samayoM se vyavahita hone para bhI kisI kAraNa se bhrAntivaza yahA~ padma patroM kA bhidanA eka samaya meM dIkha rahA hai, una vidvAnoM ke yahA~ rUpa, rasa Adi kA jJAna pA~ca samayoM se vyavahita hone para bhI vizeSa bhrama se avyavahita sarIkhA dIkha rahA hai, aisA kyoM nahIM mAnA jAtA hai? __bhAvArtha - kamala ke daza patroM ko chedane meM to jo vidvAn nau samayoM kA vyavadhAna mAnate haiM unako rUpa Adi ke jJAnoM meM vyavadhAna mAnanA anivArya hogaa| vastuta: jainasiddhAntAnusAra daza patra kyA karor3oM tara Upara rakhe hue patroM ko eka hI samaya meM suI Adi se chedA jA sakatA hai| eka samaya meM saikar3oM yojana taka padArthoM kI gati mAnI gaI hai| eka hI samaya meM pahale Upara ke patte kA bhedanA aura pazcAt nIce ke patte kA chidanA ho jAtA hai| kintu rUpa Adi kA jJAna to pUrA eka-eka samaya meM hI hogaa| pA~ca jJAna nyUna se
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 58 paMcaSaiH samayaisteSAM kinna rUpAdivedanam / vicchinnamapi bhAtIhAvicchinnamiva vibhramAt // 22 // vyavasAyAtmakaM cakSurjJAnaM gavi yadA tdaa| mataGgajavikalpo'pItyanayoH sakRdudbhavaH // 23 // jJAnodayasakRjanmaniSedhe hanti cenna vai| tayorapi sahaivopayuktayorasti vedanam // 24 // yadopayujyate hAtmA mtnggjviklpne| tadA locanavijJAnaM gavi mandopayogahRt // 25 // tathA tatropayuktasya mtnggjviklpne| pratIyanti svayaM sanno bhAvayanto vizeSataH // 26 // samopayuktatA tatra kasyacitpratibhAti yaa| sAzu saMcaraNAdbhrAntergokuJjaravikalpavat // 27 // nyUna pA~ca samayoM meM hoNge| sthUla dRSTi vAle jIvoM ke pUrI khAte samaya bhI huA eka-eka jJAna asaMkhyAta samayoM ko ghera letA hai| ataH prativAdiyoM dvArA svIkAra kie gaye "kamalapatrazatacheda" dRSTAnta kI sAmarthya se rUpa Adi jJAnoM kA viccheda siddha kiyA gayA hai||21-22|| jisa samaya gau meM cakSu indriyajanya nirvikalpaka (nizcayAtmaka) svarUpa pratyakSajJAna hotA hai, usI samaya hAthI kA vikalpajJAna bhI hotA hai| ata: ina do jJAnoM ke eka sAtha utpanna ho jAne se jainoM dvArA mAne gaye do jJAnoM kI eka samaya meM utpatti ke niSedha ko khaNDana ho jAtA hai| arthAt do jJAna eka sAtha ho jAte haiN| aisA nahIM kahanA cAhie kyoMki upayoga ko prApta una godarzana aura gajavikalpa donoM jJAnoM kA eka sAtha anubhava nahIM ho sakatA hai| jisa samaya AtmA hAthI kA vikalpajJAna karane meM upayukta hotA hai, usa samaya gau meM huA netrajanyajJAna manda upayogI hotA huA naSTa ho jAtA hai| ata: nirvikalpaka aura savikalpaka donoM jJAna krama se hI utpanna hote haiM, aisA samajhanA cAhie // 23-24-25 // tathA jisa samaya AtmA gau ke cAkSuSapratyakSa karane meM upayogI hai, usa samaya hAthI kA vikalpajJAna karane meM manda hokara apane upayoga kA upasaMhAra kara raha hai| vizeSa rUpoM se bhAvanA karane vAle sajjana isa tattva kI svayaM pratIti karate haiN| kisI puruSa ko una donoM jJAnoM meM jo samAnakAla upayaktapanA pratibhAsita hai, vaha zIghra-zIghra jJAnoM kA saMcAra ho jAne ke vaza huI bhrAnti se dekhA gayA hai| jaise gau kA vikalpajJAna aura hAthI kA vikalpa jJAna / yadyapi ye do vikalpajJAna krama se hote haiM, phira bhI zIghra-zIghra Age-pIche ho jAne se bhramavaza eka kAla meM hue samajha liye jAte haiM // 26-27 // . zaMkA - ukta prakAra se eka samaya meM eka hI jJAna mAna lene para ghor3e kA vikalpajJAna karate samaya gau ke darzana kI savikalpatA ko syAdvAdasiddhAnta ke jAnane vAle vidvAnoM ke dvArA kahIM kaise siddha kiyA jAegA? anyathA, yAnI, gau darzana ko usI samaya yadi savikalpaka nahIM mAnA jAyegA to kSaNikatva, svargaprApaNazakti, Adi ke darzanoM ke samAna vaha gaudarzana bhI savikalpa ho jAyegA tathA saMskAroM dvArA smRti kA kAraNa nahIM ho skegaa| arthAt - vastubhUta kSaNikatva kA jJAna to nirvikalpaka darzana se hI ho cukA thA, phira bhI nityatva ke samAroha ko dUra karane ke lie sattvahetu dvArA padArthoM ke kSaNikapane ko anumAna se siddha kiyA jAtA hai| kSaNikatva Adi ke darzanoM kA savikalpakapanA nahIM hone ke kAraNa pIche unakI
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 59 nanvazvakalpanAkAle godRSTe: sviklptaam| kathamevaM prasAdhyeta kvacitsyAdvAdvedibhiH // 28 // saMskArasmRtiheturyA godRSTiH savikalpikA / sAnyathA kSaNabhaMgAdi dRSTivanna tathA bhavet // 29 // ityAzrayopayogAyA: savikalpatvasAdhanaM / netrAlocanamAtrasya nApramANAtmanaH sadA // 30 // godarzanopayogena sahabhAvaH kathaM na tu| tadvijJAne'sya yogasya nArthavyAghAtakRttadA // 31 // ityacodyaM dRshsttraanupyukttvsiddhitH| puMso vikalpavijJAnaM pratyevaM prnnidhaantH||32|| sopayogaM punazcakSurdarzanaM prathamaM tataH / cakSurjJAnaM zrutaM tasmAttatrArthe'nyatra ca kramAt // 33 // smRtiyA~ nahIM ho pAtI haiN| yadi jaina jana gaudarzana ke samaya azva kA savikalpajJAna nahIM mAneMge to pazcAt gau kA smaraNa nahIM ho sakatA hai| donoM ke eka sAtha mAna lene para to gau darzana meM azvavikalpa se savikalpapanA A jAtA hai aura vaha saMskAra jamAtA haA pIche kAla meM hone vAlI smati kA kAraNa ho jAtA hai| ata: bauddhoM ke mantavyAnusAra darzanajJAna aura vikalpa jJAna donoM kA yaugapadya bana sakatA hai||2829|| - isa prakAra azvavikalpa ke Azraya se hone vAle upayogasvarUpa godRSTi (nirvikalpajJAna) ko savikalpakapanA sAdhanA ThIka hai| apramANasvarUpa ho rahe netrajanya kevala Alocana (mAtra darzana) ko sarvadA savikalpakapanA nahIM sAdhA jAtA hai| ata: usa upayogAtmaka savikalpaka vijJAna kA godarzana svarUpa upayoga ke sAtha to eka kAla meM sadbhAva kyoM nahIM hogA? yAnI donoM jJAna eka sAtha raha sakate haiN| usa samaya artha kA vyAghAta karane vAlA koI doSa nahIM AtA hai|30-31 / / samAdhAna - isa prakAra bauddhoM kI zaMkA samIcIna nahIM hai| kyoMki azva kA vikalpajJAna karate samaya gaudarzana ke anupayuktapane kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| jJAtA puruSa kA vikalpajJAna ke prati hI ekAgra manovyApAra lagA rahatA hai| AtmA ke upayoga krama se hI hote haiN| pahile upayoga sahita cakSu indriyajanya darzana hotA hai, vaha padArthoM kI sattA kA sAmAnya Alokana kara letA hai| usake pIche cakSuindriyajanya matijJAna hotA hai jo ki rUpa, AkRti aura ghaTa Adi kI vikalpanA karatA huA unako vizeSarUpa se jAna letA hai| usake bhI pIche usa artha meM yA usase sambandha rakhane vAle anya padArthoM meM krama se zrutajJAna hotA ... kvacit cakSudarzana, cAkSuSa avagraha, IhA, avAya, dhAraNA, smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka aura anumAna se upayoga krama se aneka kSaNoM meM utpanna haiN| AtmA kA eka samaya meM eka hI upayoga ho sakatA hai||3233|| ____ jIvoM ke jisa prakAra nirAkAra darzana aura sAkArajJAna upayoga kI zIghraM vRtti ho jAne se sthUlabuddhi puruSoM ke yahA~ eka sAtha utpanna ho jAne kI buddhi utpanna kara dete haiM, usI prakAra gaudarzana aura azvavikalpa yA cAkSuSa, matijJAna aura zrutajJAna ye bhI upayoga krama se hote hue bhI zIghra ho jAne se eka sAtha donoM kI utpatti ho jAne meM buddhi ko prakaTa kara dete haiN| yaha nirNIta siddhAnta hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 60 prAdurbhavatkarotyAzu vRtyA saha janau dhiyaM / yathA dRgjJAnayornRNAmiti siddhAntanizcayaH // 34 // jananaM janiriti nAyamiganto'yaM yato jiriti prasajyate kiM tarhi, auNAdikaikAro'tra kriyate bahulavacanAt / uNAdayo bahulaM ca santIti vacanAt ikArAdayo'pyanuktAH kartavyA eveti siddhaM janiriti / tatra janau sahadhiyaM karotyAzuvRttyA cakSurjJAnaM tacchutajJAnaM ca kramAdabhavadapi kathaMciditi hi siddhAntavinizcayo na punaH saha kSAyopazamikadarzanajJAne sopayoge matizrutajJAne vA yena sUtrAvirodho na bhvet| na caitAvatA paramatasiddhistatra sarvathA kramabhAvijJAnavyavasthiteriha kathaMcittathAbhidhAnAt / / matizrutAvadhayo viparyayazca // 31 // bhAvArtha - chadmastha jIvoM ke labdhisvarUpa eka sAtha 4 jJAna, 3 darzana ho sakate haiM, parantu upayogAtmaka eka samaya meM eka hI rahatA hai||34|| ukta kArikA meM kahA gayA jani zabda 'janI prAdurbhAve' dhAtu se bhAva meM 'i' pratyaya kara banAyA gayA hai| upaja jAnA jani kahalAtA hai| yaha jani zabda ik pratyaya anta meM karake nahIM banAyA gayA hai| jisase ki in bhAga 'Ti' kA lopa hokara 'ji' isa prakAra rUpa bana jAne kA prasaMga prApta hotaa| ... zaMkA - 'jani' yahA~ kaunasA pratyaya kiyA gayA hai? samAdhAna - yahA~ uNAdi pratyayoM meM kahA gayA ikAra pratyaya kiyA gayA hai| "uNAdayo bahulaM" yahA~ bahula zabda ke kathana se zabdasiddhi ke upayogI aneka pratyaya kara liye jAte haiN| uNa, kirac, u, I, ru, ityAdi bahuta se pratyaya haiM, aisA vaiyAkaraNa ne kahA hai| ataH sUtroM meM kaNThokta nahIM kahe gaye bhI ikAra Adika pratyaya dhAtuoM se kara lene hI caahie| isa prakAra 'jani' yaha zabda siddha hotA hai| isa utpatti meM kathaMcit krama se prakaTa bhI cakSuindriyajanya aura zrRMta ye donoM jJAna cakrabhramaNa samAna zIghravRtti ho jAne se sAtha utpanna hue kI buddhi kara dete haiN| isa prakAra jaina siddhAnta kA vizeSarUpa se nizcaya hai| kintu phira AvaraNoM ke kSayopazama se utpanna hue upayogAtmaka darzana aura jJAna athavA upayoga sahita matijJAna aura zrutajJAna eka sAtha nahIM hote haiM jisase zrI samantabhadra svAmI kI kArikA kA zrI umAsvAmI ke dvArA kahe gaye sUtra ke sAtha virodha nahIM hotA hai| arthAt - donoM AcAryoM ke vAkya aviruddha haiN| itanA kaha dene se bauddha, naiyAyika Adi dUsare matoM kI siddhi nahIM ho jAtI hai, kyoMki unhoMne sabhI prakAra krama se hone vAle jJAnoM kI vyavasthA kI hai aura yahA~ syAdvAda siddhAnta meM kisI apekSA se krama se aura akrama se upayogoM kA utpanna honA kahA hai| ataH anupayogAtmakajJAna eka AtmA meM eka ko Adi lekara cAra jJAna taka ho jAte haiN| yaha siddhAnta nizcita hai| parantu upayogAtmaka eka hI jJAna rahatA hai, pUrvokta mati Adi jJAna jJAnasvarUpa hI haiM ki anyathA bhI haiM? aisI AzaMkA hone para AcArya kahate haiM - mati, zruta aura avadhi ye tIna jJAna mithyAdarzana ke saMsarga se viparIta bhI hote haiN|||31||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 61 kasyAH punarAzaMkAyA nivRttyarthaM kasyacidvA siddhyarthamidaM sUtramityAhaatha jJAnApi paMcAni vyAkhyAtAni prapaMcataH / kiM samyageva mithyA vA sarvANyapi kadAcana // 1 // kAnicidvA tathA puMso mithyaashNkaanivRttye| sveSTapakSapakSasiddhyarthaM matItyAdyAha saMprati // 2 // pUrvapadAvadhAraNena sUtraM vyAcaSTematyAdayaH samAkhyAtAsta evetyavadhAraNAt / saMgRhyete kadAcinna mana:paryAyakevale // 3 // niyamena tayoH samyagbhAvanirNayataH sadA / mithyAtvakAraNAbhAvAdvizuddhAtmani sambhavAt // 4 // dRSTicAritramohasya kSaye vopazame'pi vaa| mana:paryayavijJAnaM bhavanmithyA na yujyate // 5 // sarvaghAtikSaye'tyantaM kevalaM prabhavatkatham / mithyA saMbhAvyate jAtu vizuddhiM paramaM dadhat // 6 // kauna sI AzaMkA kI nivRtti ke lie athavA kisa navya, bhavya artha kI siddhi ke lie yaha "matizrutAvadhayo viparyayazca" sUtra kI racanA kI gaI hai? isa prakAra jijJAsA hone para zrI vidyAnanda AcArya uttara kahate haiM - vistAra se pA~coM hI jJAnoM kA vyAkhyAna kiyA jA cukA hai| usameM kisI kA isa prakAra zaMkArUpa vicAra hai ki kyA sabhI jJAna samIcIna hI haiM athavA kabhI ve jJAna mithyA hote haiM? isa prakAra mithyA AzaMkAoM kI nivRtti ke lie aura apane iSTa siddhAnta kI siddhi ke lie zrI umAsvAmI AcArya deva ne isa samaya "matizrutAvadhayoM" isa sUtra kI racanA kI hai||1-2|| mati, zruta, avadhijJAna hI viparIta ho jAte haiM, isa prakAra pahale vAkya ke sAtha "evakAra" lagAkara avadhAraNa kara sUtra kahA gayA hai| arthAt mati, zruta aura avadhijJAna hI mithyAjJAna hote haiN| anya mana:paryaya, kevalajJAna mithyA nahIM hote haiN| mati Adi jJAna mithyA hI hote haiN| aisA nahIM kahanA kyoMki samyagdRSTi ke ye jJAna samIcIna hote haiN| yahI kahate haiN| ve mati Adi jJAna hI mithyAjJAnarUpa kahe gaye haiN| . isa prakAra pUrva avadhAraNa karane se mana:paryayajJAna aura kevalajJAna kabhI bhI viparyayajJAna se saMgRhIta nahIM hote haiM kyoMki una mana:paryayajJAna aura kevalajJAna meM sadA hI niyama se samIcIna bhAva kA nirNaya hai| ye do jJAna mithyAtva kAraNa kA abhAva hone se vizeSarUpa se zuddha AtmA meM utpanna hote haiN| ata: inake mithyApana ke sampAdana kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai||3-4|| .. darzanamohanIya karma aura cAritramohanIya karma ke kSaya yA upazama athavA kSayopazama ke hone para hone vAlA mana:paryaya jJAna kabhI bhI mithyA nahIM ho sakatA hai| bhAvArtha - samyagdarzana aura samyakcAritra ke sahabhAvI manaHparyayajJAna kA honA sambhava hai| ata: jJAnoM ko mithyA karane vAle kAraNoM kA sahavAsa nahIM hone se mana:paryayajJAna samIcIna hI hai, mithyA nahIM // 5 // sarvaghAti prakRtiyoM ke atyanta kSaya ho jAne para utpanna hone vAlA aura parama vizuddhi kA dhAraka kevalajJAna bhI mithyArUpa kaise ho sakatA hai? // 6 //
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 62 matizrutAvadhijJAnatrayaM tu syaatkdaacn| mithyeti te ca nirdiSTA viparyaya ihAGginAm // 7 // sa ca sAmAnyato mithyaajnyaanmtropvrnnyte| saMzayAdivikalpAnAM trayANAM saMgRhIyate // 8 // samuccinoti casteSAM samyaktvaM vyAvahArikam / mukhyaM ca tadanuktau tu teSAM mithyAtvameva hi||9|| te viparyaya eveti sUtre cennaavdhaaryte| cazabdamantareNApi sadA samyaktvamattvataH // 10 // mithyAjJAnavizeSaH syAdasminpale viparyayam / saMzayAjJAnabhedasya cazabdena smuccyH||11|| atra matizrutAvadhInAmavizeSeNa saMzayaviparyAsAnadhyavasAyarUpatvasaktau yathApratIti taddarzanArthamAha prANiyoM ke mati, zruta, avadhi ye tIna jJAna to kabhI-kabhI mithyA ho jAte haiN| ata: mati, zruta, avadhi jJAna isa prakaraNa meM viparyaya (isa prakAra) kaha diye haiM // 7 // isa sUtra meM sAmAnyarUpa se saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya ina tInoM kA saMgraha karane ke lie mithyAjJAna mAtra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| __ arthAt - 'viparyaya:' yaha jAti meM eka vacana hai| ata: mithyAjJAnoM ke tInoM vizeSoM kA saMgraha ho jAtA hai // 8 // __'ca' avyaya ke samuccaya, anvAcaya, itaretarayoga, samAhAra Adi kitane hI artha haiN| vahA~ 'ca' zabda una mati, zruta, avadhijJAnoM ke vyavahAra meM pratIta ho rahe samyakpane kA aura mukhya samIcInapane kA samuccaya karane vAlA hai| paraspara meM nahIM apekSA rakhane vAle aneka kA eka meM anvaya kara denA samuccaya hai| kintu sUtra meM 'ca' zabda ke nahIM kahane para to una tInoM jJAnoM kA niyama se mithyApana hI kahA jAtA hai||9|| ___ve tInoM jJAna viparyaya hI haiN|' isa prakAra vidheyadala meM evakAra lagAkara avadhAraNa nahIM karanA caahie| kyoMki sUtra meM kahe hue 'ca' zabda ke binA bhI sarvadA una tInoM jJAnoM kA samyaktva sahitapanA jJAta ho jAtA hai| bhAvArtha - uttaradala meM yadi evakAra nahIM lagAyA jAe taba to 'ca' ke binA bhI tInoM jJAnoM kA samIcInapanA jJAta ho jAtA hai, kyoMki pUrva avadhAraNA se to mana:paryaya aura kevalajJAna ke mithyApana kA. niSedha kiyA gayA thaa| mati, zruta, avadhi jJAnoM kA samIcInapanA niSiddha nahIM kiyA gayA hai||10|| isa pakSa meM sUtrokta viparyaya zabda kA artha sAmAnya mithyAjJAna nahIM apitu mithyAjJAnoM ke vizeSa bheda bhrAnti rUpa viparyaya jJAna ko grahaNa karanA cAhie jisakA ki lakSaNa "viparItaikakoTinizcayo viparyayaH" padArtha se sarvathA viparIta padArtha kI eka koTi kA nizcaya karanA hai| 'ca' zabda se mithyAjJAna ke anya zeSa bace hue saMzaya aura ajJAna ina do bhedoM kA samuccaya kara lenA caahie||11|| ___ isa prakaraNa meM sUtra ke sAmAnya artha anusAra mati, zruta, avadhi ina tInoM jJAnoM ko vizeSatA rahita saMzaya, viparyaya, anadhyavasAyarUpa viparyayapane kA prasaMga AtA hai| pratIti anusAra jisa-jisa jJAna meM viparyayajJAna ke jo do, tIna Adi bheda sambhava haiM unako dikhalAne ke lie zrI vidyAnanda AcArya vArtika dvArA kathana karate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 63 tatra tridhApiM mithyAtvaM matijJAne prtiiyte| zrute ca dvividhaM bodhyamavadhau saMzayAdvinA // 12 // tsyendriymnohetusmudbhuutiniyaamtH| indriyAnindriyAjanyasvabhAvazcAvadhiH smRtaH // 13 // matau zrute ca trividhaM mithyAtvaM boddhavyaM materindriyAnindriyanimittakatvaniyamAt / zrutasyAnindriyanimittakatvaniyamAt dvividhamavadhau saMzayAdvinA vipryyaandhyvsaayaavityrthH| kutaH saMzayAdindriyAnindriyAjanya-svabhAvaH proktH| saMzayo hi calitApratipattiH, kimayaM sthANuH kiM vA puruSa iti| sa ca sAmAnyapratyakSAdvizeSApratyakSAdubhayavizeSasmaraNAt prajAyate / dUrasthe ca vastuni indriyeNa sAmAnyatazca sannikRSTe sAmAnyapratyakSatvaM vizeSApratyakSatvaM ca dRSTaM manasA ca pUrvAnubhUtatadubhayavizeSasmaraNena, na cAvadhyutpattau kvacidindriyavyApAro'sti manovyApAro vA svAvaraNakSayopazamavizeSAtmanA sAmAnyavizeSAtmano vastunaH ___ ina tInoM jJAnoM meM se matijJAna aura zrutajJAna meM to tInoM prakAra kA mithyApanA pratIta hotA hai tathA avadhijJAna meM saMzaya ke binA viparyaya aura anadhyavasAyasvarUpa do prakAra kA mithyApana jAnanA caahie| kyoMki vaha matijJAna to niyama se indriya aura mana se utpanna hotA hai aura zrutajJAna mana ko nimitta mAnakara utpanna hotA hai| ata: parataMtratA se utpanna hue donoM jJAnoM meM tInoM prakAra ke mithyApana ho jAte haiN| saMzayapanA to indriya aura anindriya se utpanna hone para hI ghaTita hotA hai| kintu avadhijJAna to indriyoM aura anindriya se utpanna na hokara kevala kSayopazama kI apekSA rakhanevAle AtmA se hI utpanna hotA hai ata: isake viSaya meM saMzaya nahIM ho sakatA hai||12-13|| ____ matijJAna aura zrutajJAna meM tInoM prakAra kA mithyAtva samajha lenA cAhie, kyoMki matijJAna ke nimitta kAraNa indriya aura anindriya haiM, aisA niyama hai| tathA zrutajJAna kA nimittakAraNa niyama se mana mAnA gayA hai| kintu avadhijJAna meM saMzaya ke binA do prakAra kA mithyAtva jAnanA caahie| isakA artha yaha huA ki avadhijJAna meM viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya ye do mithyAtva ho sakate haiM, saMzaya nhiiN| zaMkA - avadhijJAna meM saMzaya ke binA do hI mithyAtva kyoM hote haiM? . samAdhAna - indriya aura anindriya se nahIM utpanna honA hai svabhAva jisakA, aisA avadhijJAna kahA gayA hai| calAyamAna pratipatti kA honA saMzaya hai, jaise ki kucha aMdherA hone para dUravartI U~ce kucha moTe padArtha meM kyA yaha DhUMTha hai? athavA kyA yaha manuSya hai? isa prakAra eka vastu meM viruddha aneka koTiyoM ko sparza karane vAlA jJAna saMzaya kahA jAtA hai| tathA vaha saMzaya jJAna sAmAnya dharmoM kA pratyakSa ho jAne se aura vizeSa dharmoM kA pratyakSa nahIM hone se, tathA una donoM vizeSa dharmoM kA smaraNa ho jAne se utpanna hotA hai| dUra deza meM sthita vastu ke indriyoM ke dvArA sAmAnyarUpa se yathAyogya saMnikarSayukta ho jAne para sAmAnya dharmoM kA pratyakSa honA aura vizeSa dharma kA pratyakSa nahIM honA dekhA gayA hai| pUrva meM anubhUta una donoM vastuoM ke vizeSa dharmoM kA mana indriya dvArA smaraNa karake smaraNajJAna utpanna hotA hai, taba saMzaya hotA hai| ata: saMzaya ke kAraNa mila jAne para mati aura zruta meM to saMzaya nAma ke mithyAjJAna kA bheda sambhava hai kintu avadhijJAna kI utpatti hone meM indriyoM kA athavA mana kA vyApAra nahIM hotA hai| sAmAnya kA pratyakSa hone para aura vizeSa kA pratyakSa
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 64 svaviSayasya tena grhnnaat| tato na sNshyaatmaavdhiH| viparyayAtmA tu mithyAtvodayAdviparItavastusvabhAvazraddhAnasahabhAvAtsambodhyate / tathAnadhyavasAyAtmApyAzu upyogsNhrnnaadvijnyaanaantropyogaadgcchttRnnsprshvdutpaadyte| dRDhopayogAvasthAyAM tu nAvadhiranadhyavasAyAtmApi kathamevAvasthito'vadhiriti cet, kadAcidanugamanAtkadAcidananugamanAtkadAcidvardhamAnatvAtkadAciddhIyamAnatvAttathA vizuddhiviparivarttamAnAdavasthitAvadhirekena rUpeNAvasthAnAnna punaradRSTopayogatvAtsvabhAvaparAvarttane'pi, tasya tathA tathA dRr3hopayogatvAvirodhAt / kutaH punastriSveva bodheSu mithyAtvamityAha; mithyAtvaM triSu bodheSu dRSTimohodayAdbhaved / teSAM sAmAnyatastena shbhaavaavirodhtH||14|| nahIM hone para tathA vizeSa kA smaraNa karake saMzayajJAna hotA hai, vaha saMzaya avadhijJAna ke viSaya meM honA saMbhava nahIM hai| vastutaH apane ko Dhakane vAle avadhijJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazamavizeSa svarUpa usa avadhijJAna ke dvArA apane viSayabhUta sAmAnya vizeSa dharmAtmaka vastu kA grahaNa hotA hai arthAt avadhijJAna apane viSaya ke vizeSa aMzoM ko bhI sAtha-sAtha avazya jAna letA hai| ata: avadhijJAna saMzayasvarUpa nahIM hotA hai| mithyAtva karma ke udaya se vastusvabhAva ke viparIta zraddhAna meM kAraNabhUta mithyAdarzana ke sAtha rahane se avadhijJAna viparyayasvarUpa kahA jAtA hai arthAt jisa AtmA meM mithyAdarzana kA udaya hai usakA avadhijJAna bhI viparIta jJAna kahA jAtA hai| tathA zIghra apane upayoga kA saMkoca karane se yA dUsare vijJAna meM upayoga ke cale jAne se calate hue puruSa ke tRNa chU jAne para hue anadhyavasAya jJAna ke samAna avadhijJAna bhI anadhyavasAyasvarUpa utpanna hotA hai| jJeya viSaya meM dRr3ha rUpa se lage hue upayoga kI avasthA meM avadhijJAna anadhyavasAyasvarUpa nahIM hotA hai| usa dazA meM kevala eka viparyaya bheda hI ghaTita hotA hai| isa prakAra anadhyavasAya dazA meM dRr3ha upayoga nahIM hone ke kAraNa avadhijJAna avasthita kaise samajhA jAtA hai? yAnI avadhijJAna ke chaha bhedoM meM se pA~cavA~ bheda avasthita to avasthita nahIM ho pAtA hai| isa prakAra prazna hone para AcArya kahate haiM ki kabhI-kabhI dUsare deza yA dUsare bhava meM anugamana karane se aura kabhI nahIM karane se aura avadhijJAna anavasthita hai to bhI ekarUpa se avasthAna ho jAne se avasthita mAnA jAtA hai| phira dRr3ha upayogapanA na hone ke kAraNa svabhAva kA parivartana hone se avasthitapanA nahIM hai, jaise avadhijJAna ke anugAmI honA, ananugAmI honA, bar3hanA, ghaTanA hone para bhI dRr3ha upayogapane kA koI virodha nahIM hai| ata: viparyaya yA anadhyavasAya kI avasthA meM bhI avasthita nAma kA pA~cavA~ bheda avadhijJAna meM ghaTita ho jAtA hai| tInoM hI jJAnoM meM mithyApanA kisa kAraNa se ho jAtA hai? aisI jAnane kI icchA hone para AcArya kahate haiM - mati, zruta, avadhi ina tInoM jJAnoM meM mithyApana darzanamohanIya karma ke udaya se hotA hai, kyoMki sAmAnyarUpa se una tInoM jJAnoM kA usa mithyAtva ke sAtha sadbhAva pAye jAne kA koI virodha nahIM hai // 14 //
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 65 yadA matyAdayaH puMsastadA na syaadvipryyH| sa yadA te tadA na syurityetena nirAkRtam // 15 // vizeSApekSayA hyeSAM na vipryyruuptaa| matyajJAnAdisaMjJeSu teSu tasyAH prsiddhitH||16|| samyaktvAvasthAyAmeva matizrutAvadhayo vyapadizyante mithyAtvAvasthAyAM teSAM matyajJAnavyapadezAt / tato na vizeSarUpatayA te viparyaya iti vyAkhyAyate yena sahAnavasthAlakSaNo virodha: syaat| kiM tarhi samyag mithyAmatyAdivyaktigatamatyAdisAmAnyApekSayA te viparyaya iti nizcIyate mithyAtvena sahabhAvAvirodhAttathA matyAdInAM / / nanu ca teSAM tena sahabhAve'pi kathaM mithyAtvamityAzaMkyottaramAha jisa samaya AtmAoM ke mati, zruta, avadhi jJAna hai (jo samIcIna samyakdRSTiyoM ke hI pAye jAte haiM), usa samaya koI bhI viparyayajJAna nahIM hogA, aura jisa samaya AtmA meM vaha viparyayajJAna hai, usa samaya una mati, zruta, avadhi jJAna meM se koI bhI jJAna nahIM hoNge| isa prakAra ekAntavAdiyoM ke kathana kA bhI isa ukta kathana se khaNDana kara diyA gayA hai, aisA samajhanA caahie| arthAt mithyA aura samIcIna sabhI bhedoM meM sAmAnyarUpa se rahane vAle mati, zruta aura avadhi jJAna pAye jA sakate haiM // 15 // .. vizeSa kI upekSA karake vicArA jAye taba mati, zruta, avadhijJAnoM kA viparyayasvarUpa nahIM hai, kyoMki mati ajJAna, zruta ajJAna, vibhaMgajJAna isa prakAra kI vizeSa saMjJA vAle una jJAnoM meM usa viparyaya svarUpatA kI prasiddhi hai| arthAt - jaise evaMbhUtanaya se vicArane para rogI hI rogI huA hai| nIroga puruSa rogI nahIM hai| usI ke samAna kumatijJAna hI viparyayasvarUpa hai| samyagdRSTi ke matijJAna viparIta nahIM hai| isa prakAra sUtra ke artha kA sAmAnya aura vizeSa rUpa se vyAkhyAna kara lenA caahie|16|| . samyagdarzana guNa ke prakaTa ho jAne para samyaktva avasthA meM jJAna matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna kahe jAte haiN| mithyAtva karma ke udaya hone para mithyAtva avasthA meM una jJAnoM kA kumatijJAna, kuzrutajJAna aura vibhaMgajJAnarUpa se vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai| ata: vizeSa rUpa se ve mati Adi jJAna viparyayasvarUpa haiN| isa prakAra kA vyAkhyAna nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, jisase ki zIta, uSNa ke samAna "sAtha nahIM ThaharanA'' isa lakSaNavAlA virodha ho jAtA hai| arthAt - "matizrutAvadhayo viparyayazca" - isa sUtra meM par3e hue mati, zruta, avadhi ye zabda samyagjJAnoM meM hI vyavahata hote haiN| una samyagjJAnoM kA uddezya kara viparyayapane kA vidhAna karanA viruddha par3atA hai| ata: vizeSarUpa se una mati Adi jJAnoM ko nahIM lenA caahie| zaMkA - to phira kisa prakAra vyAkhyAna karanA? samAdhAna - samIcIna matijJAna aura mithyA matijJAna, yA samIcIna zrutajJAna aura mithyA zrutajJAna Adi aneka vyaktiyoM meM prApta matipana, zrutapana, Adi sAmAnya kI apekSA karake grahaNa kiye gaye ve jJAna viparyaya svarUpa haiN| isa prakAra nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai| kyoMki mati Adi kA mithyAtva ke sAtha sadbhAva pAye jAne para koI virodha nahIM hai| , una mati Adi jJAnoM ko usa mithyAtva ke sAtha sahabhAva hone para bhI mithyApana kaise prApta ho jAtA hai? isa prakAra kisI kI AzaMkA ke uttara meM AcArya kahate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 66 mithyAtvodayasadbhAve tadviparyayarUpatA / na yuktAgnyAdisaMpAte jAtyahamno yatheti cet // 17 // nAzrayasyAnyathAbhAvasamyakparidRDhe sti| pariNAme tadAdheyasyAnyathA bhAvadarzanAt // 18 // yathA sarajasAlAmbUphalasya kaTu kinna tat / kSiptasya payaso dRSTaH kaTubhAvastathAvidhaH // 19 // tathAtmano'pi mithyAtvapariNAme satISyate / matyAdisaMvidAM tAdRGmithyAtvaM kasyacitsadA // 20 // jAtyahemno mANikyasya cAgryAdirvA gRhAdirvA nAhematvamamANikyatvaM vA kattuM smrthstsyaaprinnaamktvaat| mithyAtvapariNatastu AtmA sAzrayINi matyAdijJAnAni vipryyruuptaamaapaadyti| tasya tathA pariNAmakatvAtsarajasakaTukAlAmbUvatsvAzrayi paya iti na mithyAtvasahabhAve'pi matyAdInAM samyaktvaparityAgaH shngkniiyH| pariNAmitvamAtmanosiddhamiti cedatrocyate zaMkA - AtmA meM mithyAkarma ke udaya kA sadbhAva hone para jJAnoM ko viparyayasvarUpa kahanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki jisa prakAra agni, kIca, dhUli Adi kA sannikarSa hone para yA agni, pAnI Adi meM gira jAne para zuddha sone kA viparItapanA nahIM hotA hai arthAt - acche sone ko Aga, pAnI yA kahIM bhI DAla diyA jAe vaha lohA yA miTTI, kIcar3a nahIM bana jAtA hai| samAdhAna - isa prakAra zaMkA nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki Azraya ke anya prakAra se parivartanarUpa pariNAma ke bhalI prakAra paripuSTa ho jAne para usa Azraya ke AdheyabhUta padArtha kA anya prakAra se pariNAma . honA dekhA jAtA hai||17-18|| jaise rajasahita kaTu tumbI meM rakhA huA dUdha kyA tumbI ke kaTu hone se kuTu bhAva ko prApta nahIM hotA hai? apitu avazya hI kaTu bhAva ko prApta ho jAtA hai| usI prakAra kisI AtmA ke bhI mithyAtva pariNAma ho jAne para mati Adi jJAna mithyA ho jAte haiM aisA sadA iSTa kiyA gayA hai||19-20|| kiTTha, kAlimA Adi se rahita svaccha sone kA agni, kIcar3a, vAyu athavA pAnI Adi padArtha asvarNapanA karane ke lie samartha nahIM haiN| athavA mANika ratna ke amANikyapane ko karane ke lie zUdragRha, vastra Adi padArtha samartha nahIM haiM, kyoMki una agni Adi yA gRha Adi ko svarNa yA mANikya ke vipariNAma karAne ke nimitta zaktiprApta nahIM hai| kintu mithyAdarzana pariNAma se yukta AtmA apane Azraya meM sthita mati, zruta Adi jJAnoM ko viparyaya svarUpapane ko prApta karA detI hai, kyoMki usa mithyAdRSTi AtmA ko tIna jJAnoM kI kujJAnarUpa pariNati karAne meM preraka nimittapanA prApta hai| jaise sattva kar3avI tumbI apane AzrayaprApta dUdha ko kar3ave rasa sahita pariNati karA detI hai| ata: mithyAdarzana kA sahabhAva ho jAne para mati Adi jJAnoM ke samIcInapane kA parityAga ho jAnA zaMkA karane yogya nahIM hai| arthAt mithyAdarzana ke kAraNa jJAna mithyA ho jAte haiM, isameM koI Azcarya nahIM hai| " parivartana karane vAle pariNAmoM se sahitapanA AtmA ke asiddha hai| isa prakAra kisI prativAdI ke kahane para vidyAnanda AcArya kahate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 67 na cedaM pariNAmitvamAtmano na prasAdhitam / sarvasyApariNAmitve sattvasyaiva virodhataH // 21 // yato viparyayo na syAtpariNAmaH kdaacn| matyAdivedanAkArapariNAmanivRttitaH // 22 // sadasatoravizeSAdyadRcchopalabdherunmattavat // 32 // kiMkurvannidaM sUtraM bravItIti zaMkAyAmAhasamAnorthaparicchedaH sdRssttyrthpricchidaa| kuto vijJAyate tredhA mithyaadRssttervipryyH||1|| ityatra jJApakaM hetuM sadRSTAntaM pradarzayat / sadityAdyAha saMkSepAdvizeSapratipattaye // 2 // AtmA kA yaha pariNAmIpanA pUrva prakaraNoM meM bhale prakAra siddha nahIM kiyA hai, yaha nahIM smjhnaa| arthAt AtmA pariNAmI hai, isako acchI yuktiyoM se siddha kara cuke haiN| jaina siddhAntAnusAra sabhI padArtha pariNAmI haiN| sampUrNa padArthoM ko yA saba meM eka bhI vastu ko yadi apariNAmIpanA mAnA jAyegA, to usakI jagat meM sattA rahane kA hI virodha ho jaayegaa| arthAt pariNAmIpana se sattva vyApta hai| vyApaka pariNAmIpana ke rahane para hI vyApya sattva Thahara sakatA hai| sampUrNa padArtha utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya se zobhita hai| pUrva AkAroM kA tyAga, uttara AkAroM kA grahaNa aura dhruvasthitirUpa pariNAma sarvatra sarvadA dekhe jAte haiN| ata: AtmA kUTastha nahIM hai| jisase ki kadAcit bhI mati Adi jJAnoM ke AkAra vAle pariNAmoM kI nivRtti ho jAne se AtmA ke viparyayarUpa paryAyeM nahIM ho paatiiN| arthAt pariNAmI AtmA ke mithyAtva kA udaya ho jAne para mati, zruta Adi jJAnoM ke AkArasvarUpa pariNAmoM kI nivRtti ho jAne se kumati Adi viparyaya jJAna ho jAte haiM // 21-22 // . AcArya viparyaya jJAna ke lakSaNa ko dRSTAntapUrvaka kahate haiM - vidyamAna aura avidyamAna athavA prazaMsanIya aura aprazaMsanIya arthoM kI vizeSatA na karake yadRcchApUrvaka upalabdhi ho jAne se unmatta puruSa ke samAna jAnane vAle mithyAdRSTi ke viparyayajJAna ho jAte haiN| arthAt unmatta puruSa jaise gau meM gAya hai, aisA nirNaya kara letA hai aura kadAcit gau ko ghor3A bhI jAna letA hai, mAtA ko kabhI strI aura kadAcit mAtA bhI kaha detA hai| usI prakAra mithyAdRSTi jIva sat aura asat padArtha meM koI vizeSatA nahIM rakhatA huA cAhe jaisI manamAnI kalpanA karatA hai| ata: usakA ghaTa meM ghaTa ko jAnane vAlA bhI jJAna viparyaya jJAna hI hai||32|| kisa navIna artha kA vidhAna karate hue zrI umAsvAmI mahArAja 'sadasato' ityAdi sUtra ko praspaSTa kara rahe haiM? aisI zaMkA kA zrI vidyAnanda AcArya samAdhAna karate haiM - __jabaki samyagdRSTi AtmA ke arthoM kI paricchitti ke samAna hI mithyAdRSTi AtmA ke bhI arthoM kA pariccheda hotA hai, to phira kaise vizeSarUpa se jAnA jAe ki mithyAdRSTi ke tIna prakAra kA viparyayajJAna hai| isa prakAra yahA~ prakaraNa meM jijJAsA hone para dRSTAnta sahita jJApaka hetu ko dikhalAte hue zrI umAsvAmI mahArAja ne saMkSepa meM mithyAjJAnoM kI vizeSatA ko samajhAne ke lie 'satasatoravizeSAd' ityAdi sUtra ko kahA hai // 1-2 //
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 68 mithyAdRSTerapyarthaparicchedaH sadRSTyarthaparicchedena samAno bhUyate tatkuto'sau tredhA viparyaya ityArekAyA satyAM darzanaM jJApakaM hetumanenopadarzayati / / ke punaratra sadasatI kazca tayoravizeSaH kA ca yadRcchopalabdhirityAhaatrotpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM saditi vakSyati / tato'nyadasadityetatsAmarthyAdavasIyate / / 3 / / avizeSastayoH sadbhiraviveko vidhiiyte| sAMkaryato hi tadvittistathA vaiyatikaryyataH // 4 // pratipattirabhiprAyamAtraM yadanibandhanaM / sA yadRkSA tayA vittirupalabdhiH kathaMcana // 5 // kimatra sAdhayamityAha mithyAdRSTi kA bhI arthaparijJAna karanA jaba samyagdRSTi ke artha paricchitti ke samAna hotA huA anubhava meM A rahA hai, to phira kaise nirNIta kiyA jAe ki vaha viparyayasvarUpa mithyAjJAna tIna prakAra kA hotA hai? isa prakAra kisI puruSa kI AzaMkA hone para udAharaNa sahita jJApaka hetu ko zrI umAsvAmI mahArAja ne sUtra meM dikhalAyA hai| vyApya hetu se sAdhya kI siddhi sulabhatA se ho jAtI hai| yahA~ sUtra meM kahe gaye phira sat aura asat kyA padArtha haiM? aura una donoM kA vizeSatArahitapanA kyA hai? tathA yadRcchA upalabdhi kyA hai? isa prakAra jijJAsA hone para zrI vidyAnanda svAmI kahate haiM isa sUtra meM kahe gaye 'sat' zabda kA artha to utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta dravya hai| isa bAta . ko svayaM mUla granthakAra pA~caveM adhyAya meM spaSTarUpa se kheNge| usa sat se anya padArtha yahA~ 'asat' kahA jAtA hai| binA kahe hI yaha tattva isa vyAkhyAta sat kI sAmarthya se nirNIta kara liyA jAtA hai| una sat, asat donoM kA pRthak bhAva nahIM karanA hai| vaha sajjana puruSoM ke dvArA avizeSa kiyA gayA kahA jAtA hai| athavA vidyamAna padArthoM ke sAtha sat aura asat kA pRthagbhAva nahIM karanA avizeSa kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra usa padArtha kI sat, asatrUpa kI saMkarapane se athavA vyatikarapane se jJapti kara lenA mithyA jJAnoM se sAdhya kArya hai| sat meM sat aura asat donoM ke dharmoM kA eka sAtha Aropa kara denA saMkaradoSa hai| paraspara meM eka dUsare ke atyantAbhAva kA samAnAdhikaraNa dhArane vAle padArthoM kA eka artha meM samAveza ho jAnA sAMkarya hai| tathA sat ke dharmoM kA asat meM cale jAnA aura asat ke dharmoM kA sat meM cale jAnA, paraspara meM viSayoM kA gamana ho jAnA vyatikara hai| viparyayajJAnI jIva saMkara aura vyatikara doSoM se yukta sat asat padArthoM ko jAnatA hai| unakA vAstavika viveka nahIM kara pAtA hai||3-4|| tIsarA prazna 'yadRcchA upalabdhi' ke viSaya meM hai| isakA uttara yaha hai ki sAmAnyarUpa se abhISTa abhiprAya ko kAraNa mAnakara jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha pratipatti hai, aura usa abhiprAya ko kAraNa nahIM mAnakara manamAnI pariNati yadRcchA hai| usa yadRcchA ke dvArA kisI bhI prakAra jJapti ho jAnA upalabdhi kahI gayI hai||5|| koI jijJAsu pUchatA hai ki isa sUtra meM zrI umAsvAmI mahArAja ne "sadasatoH avizeSAt yadRcchopalabdheH" aisA hetu banAkara aura unmatta ko dRSTAnta banAkara anumAna prayoga banAyA hai, kintu isa prayoga meM sAdhya yA pratijJAvAkya kyA hai? isa prakAra AzaMkA hone para zrI vidyAnanda svAmI kahate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 69 matyAdayo'tra vartante te viparyaya itypi| hetoryathoditAdatra sAdhyate sdsttvyoH||6|| tenaitaduktaM bhavati mithyAdRSTermatizrutAvadhayo viparyaya: sadasatoravizeSeNa ydRcchoplbdherunmttsyaiveti| samAne'pyarthaparicchede kasyacidviparyayasiddhiM dRSTAnte sAdhyasAdhanayorvyAptiM pradarzayannAha svarNe svarNamiti jJAnamasvarNe svarNamityapi / svarNe vAsvarNamityevamunmattasya kadAcana // 7 // viparyayo yathA loke tdydRcchoplbdhitH| vizeSAbhAvatastadvanmithyAdRSTaghaTAdiSu // 8 // sarvatrAhArya eva viparyayaH sahaja evetyekAntavyavacchedena tadubhayaM svIkurvannAha yahA~ sUtra kA artha karane para pUrvasUtra meM kahe gaye ve mati Adi tIna jJAna anuvartana kara liye jAte haiM, aura ve viparyaya haiM' - yaha bhI anuvRtti kara lenI caahie| ata: yathAyogya kahe gaye 'sat aura asat kI avizeSatA se yadRcchA upalabdhi' - isa hetu dvArA yahA~ mati Adi meM sat aura asatrUpa viparyaya siddha kiyA jAtA hai| pratijJA, hetu aura udAharaNa ThIka bana jAne se pUrvasUtra meM kahe gaye sAdhya kI siddhi ho jAtI hai||6|| isa saMdarbha meM kathita vAkyoM dvArA siddha hotA hai ki mada se unmatta puruSa ke samAna sat aura asat kI vizeSatA rahita cAhe jaisI upalabdhi ho jAne se mithyAdRSTi ke matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna viparyaya haiN| isa prakAra anumAna vAkya banA liyA gayA hai| ____ samyagdRSTi aura mithyAdRSTi jIvoM ke utpanna huI artha paricchitti ke samAna hone para bhI donoM meM se kisI eka mithyAdRSTi ke hI viparyaya jJAna kI siddhi hai| kintu samyagdRSTi kA jJAna mithyAjJAna nahIM hai| isa tattva kI siddhi ko dRSTAMta meM sAdhya aura sAdhana kI vyApti kA pradarzana karAte hue zrI vidyAnanda AcAya vizadarUpa se kahate haiM - unmatta puruSa ko kabhI-kabhI svarNa padArtha meM svarNa hai' - isa prakAra jJAna ho jAtA hai aura kabhI svarNa rahita miTTI, pItala Adi meM yaha sonA hai, aisA bhI jJAna ho jAtA hai athavA kabhI svarNa meM lohA Adi svarNarUpa jJAna ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra loka meM yadRcchA upalabdhi ho jAne se viparyayajJAna honA prasiddha hai, usI prakAra mithyAdRSTi jIva ke ghaTa, paTa Adi padArthoM meM vizeSatA rahita karake yadRcchA upalabdhi se mithyAjJAna ho jAnA prasiddha hai||7-8|| .. sabhI sthaloM para AhArya hI viparyayajJAna hotA hai, aisA koI ekAntavAdI kahatA hai| pratyakSa Adi pramANoM se bAdhA upasthita ho jAne para bhI bhaktivaza yA Agrahavaza viparIta samajhate rahanA AhAryya mithyAjJAna hai, jaise ki gRhIta mithyAdRSTi jIva asatya upadezoM dvArA viparIta abhiniveza kara letA hai| tathA koI ekAntavAdI kahatA hai ki sabhI sthaloM para sahaja hI viparyayajJAna hotA hai| upadeza ke binA hI aMtaraMga kAraNoM se mithyAvAsanAvaza jo viparyayajJAna ajJAnI jIvoM ke hotA hai, vaha sahaja hai| isa prakAra ekAntoM kA vyavaccheda karake una donoM prakAra ke viparyaya jJAnoM ko svIkAra karate hue zrI vidyAnanda AcArya kahate haiM
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 70 sa cAhAryo vinirdiSTaH sahajazca vipryyH| prAcyastatra zrutAjJAnaM mithyAsamayasAdhitam // 9 // matyajJAnaM vibhaGgazca sahajaH sNprtiiyte| paropadezanirmukteH zrutAjJAnaM ca kiMcana // 10 // . cakSurAdimatipUrvakaM zrutAjJAnamaparopadezatvAtsahajaM matyajJAnavibhaGgajJAnavat / zrotramatipUrvakaM tu paropadezApekSatvAdAhAryaM pratyeyaM / tatra sati viSaye zrutAjJAnamAhAryaviparyayamAdarzayati sati svarUpato'zeSe zUnyavAdo vipryyH| grAhyagrAhakabhAvAdau saMvidadvaitavarNanam // 11 // citrAdvaitapravAdazca puMzabdAdvaitavarNanam / bAhyartheSu ca bhinneSu vijJAnAMDaprakalpanaM // 12 // vaha viparyaya jJAna AhArya aura sahaja donoM prakAra kA vizeSa rUpa se kathana kiyA gayA hai| una donoM meM pahilA AhArya viparyayajJAna mithyAzAstroM dvArA sAdhya hotA hai; kuzrutajJAna svarUpa hai| tathA kumatijJAna aura vibhaMgajJAna to sahaja viparyaya hai, aisI pratIti hotI hai| hA~, paropadezaka abhAva kuzrutajJAna bhI sahaja viparyaya ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra samyagdarzana nisarga aura adhigama se janya do prakAra kA mAnA hai, usI prakAra viparyaya jJAna bhI do prakAra kA hai| AhArya nAma kA bheda to paropadezajanya kuzrutajJAna meM hI ghaTita hotA hai, aura sahajaviparyaya nAma kA bheda mati, zruta, avadhi ina tInoM jJAnoM meM sambhava hotA hai|9-10|| . cakSu Adi, yAnI netra, sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa ina cAra indriyoM se janya matijJAna ko pUrvavartIkAraNa mAnakara utpanna kuzrutajJAna to paropadezapUrvaka nahIM hone ke kAraNa sahajaviparyaya hai, jaise ki kumatijJAna aura vibhaMga jJAna sahaja mithyAjJAna haiN| kintu zrotra indriyajanya mati - jJAna ko pUrvavartIkAraNa mAnakara utpanna hue zrutajJAna ko paropadeza kI apekSA ho jAne se AhAryya viparyayajJAna samajha lenA caahie| viparyayajJAnoM meM viSaya ke vidyamAna hone para utpanna kuzrutajJAnasvarUpa AhAryya viparyaya ko granthakAra dikhalAte haiM - __ apane-apane svarUpa se sadbhUta padArthoM ke vidyamAna rahane para athavA svadravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAvoM se padArthoM ke vidyamAna hone para zUnyavAdI vidvAn dvArA sampUrNa padArthoM kA niSedha kara denA, zUnyavAda nAma kA viparyaya hai| kyoMki padArthoM ke vidyamAna hone para bhI unakA niSedha kara rahA hai| tathA jJeya padArtha aura jJApaka jJAna padArtha, inameM grAhyagrAhakabhAva hote hue yA Azraya-AzrayIbhUta padArthoM meM AdhAra Adheya bhAva hote hue athavA aneka padArthoM meM kAryakAraNabhAva Adi sambandha hone para bhI jJAna ko advaita hI kahate jAnA yaha vijJAnAdvaitavAdI bauddhoM kA viparyaya hai| kyoMki grAhyagrAhakabhAva Adi dvaita padArthoM ke hote hue bhI unakA niSedha kara diyA gayA hai| tathA, nAnA prakAra bahiraMga padArthoM ke vidyamAna hone para bhI citra AkAra vAle jJAna ke advaita mAnanA citrAdvaita pravAda nAma kA viparyaya hai| isI prakAra dvaita ke hone para bhI brahmavAdiyoM dvArA brahmAdvaita kA varNana karanA athavA vaiyAkaraNoM dvArA zabdAdvaita svIkAra karanA bhI AhArya (gRhIta) kuzrutajJAna hai| tathA bhinna-bhinna sthUla, kAlAntara sthAyI, bahiraMga avayavI padArthoM ke hote hue bhI kSaNika, avayava, aNusvarUpa, vijJAna ke aMzoM kI kalpanA karanA vijJAnAdvaitavAdI bauddhoM kA viparyaya hai| ye saba sat padArtha meM asat kI kalpanA se hote haiN| sampUrNa carAcara jagat ko brahmANDa yA vijJAnANDa meM tadAtmaka rakhanA ucita nahIM hai||11-12||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika*71 bahirantazca vastUnAM sAdRzye vaisadRzyavAk / vaisadRzye ca sAdRzyaikAntavAdAvalambanam // 13 // dravye paryAyamAtrasya paryAye drvyklpnaa| tadvayAtmani tadbhedavAdo vaacytvvaagpi||14|| utpAdavyayavAdazca dhrauvye tadavalambanam / janmapradhvaMsayorevaM prativastu prabuddhyatAm // 15 // sati tAvatkAtya'naikadezena ca viparyayo'sti tatra kAtryena zUnyavAda: svarUpadravyakSetrakAlataH / sarvasya sattvena prmaannsiddhtvaat| vizeSatastu sati grAhyagrAhakabhAve kAryakAraNabhAve ca vAcyavAcakabhAvAdau ca tdsttvvcnm| tatra saMvidadvaitasya vAvalambanena saugatasya, puruSAdvaitasyAlambanena brahmavAdinaH, zabdAdvaitasyAzrayeNa vaiyAkaraNasyeti pratyeyaM / viparyayatvaM tu tasya grAhyagrAhakabhAvAdInAM pratItisiddhaM / tadvacanAttathA bahirarthe bhinne ghaTa, paTa, vastra Adi bahiraMga padArtha aura AtmA, jJAna, sukha, duHkha, icchA Adi aMtaraMga vastuoM ke kathaMcit sAdRzya hone para bhI sarvathA vilakSaNapane kA kathana karanA yaha vizeSa ke hI ekAnta ko kahane vAle bauddhoM kA viparyayajJAna hai| evaM dUsarA bahiraMga aura aMtaraMga padArthoM kA kathaMcit vailakSaNya hone para bhI "ve sarvathA sadRza hI haiN| isa prakAra sAmAnya ekAntavAda kA avalamba lekara kathana karanA sadRza ekAntavAdI vidvAn kA viparIta jJAna hai||13|| . atIta, anAgata, vartamAna paryAyoM meM anvayarUpa se vyApaka nityadravyoM ke hote hue bhI kevala paryAyoM kI hI kalpanA karanA athavA paryAyoM ke hote hue bhI kevala dravyoM kI hI kalpanA karanA bauddha aura sAMkhyoM kI viparyaya kalpanA hai tathA dravya aura paryAya donoM se tadAtmaka vastu ke hone para phira Agrahavaza une dravyaparyAyoM ke bheda ko hI kahanA vaizeSikoM kA viparyaya jJAna hai| padArthoM kA zabdoM dvArA nirUpaNa nahIM ho pAtA hai| ataH sampUrNa tattva avAcya hai| yaha avaktavya ekAnta kA viparyaya bhI kinhIM bauddhoM meM sthita hai| ye saba AhArya kuzrutajJAna haiN||14|| dravya kI apekSA yA kAlAntarasthAyI sthUla paryAya kI apekSA padArthoM kA dhruvapanA hote hue bhI kevala utpAda aura vyaya ke ekAnta kA hI pakSa grahaNa karanA kSaNika ekAntarUpa viparyaya hai| tathA isake viparIta dUsarA ekAnta yaha hai ki padArthoM ke utpAda aura vyaya kI pratyakSa dvArA siddhi hote hue bhI usa dhrauvya kA sahArA lekara sarvathA padArthoM ko nitya hI samajhate rahanA viparyaya jJAna hai| isa prakAra pratyeka vastu meM viparyaya jJAna kI vyavasthA samajha lenI cAhie // 15 // vidyamAna padArthoM meM koI to paripUrNarUpa se viparyayajJAna mAnate haiM aura koI ekadeza karake viparyaya jJAna mAnate haiN| unameM paripUrNarUpa se viparyaya mAnanA zUnyavAda hai, kyoMki apane svarUpa se dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva se, astitva se sampUrNa padArthoM kI pramANoM se siddhi ho rahI hai| phira bhI padArthoM ko svIkAra nahIM karanA, yaha tattva upaplavavAdI yA zUnyavAdI prAjJoM kA pUrNarUpa se hone vAlA viparyaya hai| ekadeza se yA vizeSarUpa se viparyaya isa prakAra hai ki padArthoM meM grAhyagrAhaka bhAva, kAryakAraNa bhAva, vAcyavAcakabhAva, AdhAra AdheyabhAva, vadhyaghAtakabhAva Adi sambandhoM ke hone para bhI una grAhyagrAhakabhAva Adi kA asattva kahanA viparyaya hai| unameM saMvedanAdvaita kA Alambana karane se bauddha ko viparyayajJAna ho rahA hai aura puruSAdvaita
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 72 sati tadvadasattvavacanaM vijJAnAMzaprakalpanAdviparyayaH / paramArthato bahirantazca vastUnAM sAdRzye sati tadasattvavacanaM sarvavaisadRzyAvalambanena tathAgatasyaiva viparyayaH / sAdRzyapratyabhijJAnasyAbAdhitasya pramANatvasAdhanena sAdRzyasya sAdhanAt satyapi ca kathaMcidviziSTasAdRzye tdsttvvcnN| sarvathA sAdRzyAvalambanAt sAdRzyaikAntavAdino viparyayaH / ekatvapratyabhijJAnasyAbAdhitasya pramANatvasAdhanAttatsattvasiddheH paryAye ca sati tadasattvavacanaM dravyamAtrAsthAnAdaparasya vipryyH| bhedjnyaanaadybaadhitaatttsttvsaadhnaat| dravyaparyAyAtmani vastuni sati tadasattvAbhidhAnaM parasparabhinnadravyaparyAyavAdAzrayaNAdanyeSAM tasya pramANato vyavasthApanAt / kA sahArA lene se brahmavAdI ke viparyaya hotA hai| tathA zabdAdvaita kA Azraya lene se vaiyAkaraNa ke viparyaya ho jAtA hai jisase ki ve vidyamAna grAhyagrAhakabhAva Adi kA niSedha kara rahe haiM, yahasamajha lenA caahie| unake usa jJAna ko viparyayapanA to grAhyagrAhakabhAva Adi kI pratItiyoM se siddhi ho jAne ke kAraNa nirNIta hai| bhinna-bhinna bahiraMga arthoM ke vidyamAna hone para bhI una ekAntavAdiyoM ke samAna bauddhoM ke yahA~ bhI vijJAna ke paramANusvarUpa kSaNika aMzoM kI hI kalpanA kara lene se una bahiraMga arthoM ke asattva kA kathana karanA aura paramArtharUpa se bahiraMga antaraMga vastuoM kA sAdRzya hote hue bhI sabake visadRzapane kA sahArA lekara usa sAdRzya ko asattva kahanA viparyaya prasiddha hai, kyoMki bAdhArahita sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna ko pramANapane se vastubhUta sAdRzya kI siddhi ho cukI hai| isa ekAnta ke viparIta dUsarA ekAnta hai ki sampUrNa . vastuoM meM kathaMcit viziSTa padArthoM kI hI apekSA ke sAdRzya ke hone para athavA padArthoM meM kathaMcit vaisAdRzya hone para sarvathA sAdRzya pakSa kA sahArA lekara usa vaisAdRzya kA asattva kahanA yaha sAdRzya ko hI ekAnta se kahanA viparyaya hai| tathA dravya kI pahile pIche samayoM meM hone vAlI kramabhAvI paryAya athavA dravya ke sahabhAvI guNoM meM dravya kI apekSA ekapanA hote hue bhI sadRzapane kA abhimAna karanA viparyaya hai| kyoki bAdhAoM se rahita ekatva pratyabhijJAna kara unakA ekapanA siddha hotA hai| ataH eka dravya meM yA usakI guNa aura paryAyoM meM usa ekapane kI sattA pramANa siddha hai| anAdi se anantakAla taka sthita rahane vAle nityadravya ke sadbhUta hone para bhI kevala paryAya ke avasthAna se usa dravya kA asattva kahanA kisI bauddha kA viparyayajJAna hai| kyoMki pratyakSa Adi pramANoM se abAdhita ekatva pratyabhijJAna kA pramANapanA siddha ho jAne se usa anvayI dravya kI sattA siddha ho jAtI hai| tathA isake pratipakSa meM dUsarA viparyaya yaha hai ki paryAyoM ke vAstavika hone para bhI dravyamAtra kI sthiti kahane se una paryAyoM kA asattva kahanA kisI dUsare ekAntavAdI kA viparyayajJAna hai| kyoMki sthAsa se koza bhinna hai, koza se kuzUla bhinna hai| pahile jJAna se dUsarA jJAna pRthak hai, ityAdi abAdhita bheda jJAna se una paryAyoM kA sadbhAva siddha kiyA gayA hai| ___ dravya aura paryAyoM se tadAtmaka ho rahI vastu ke sadbhAva hone para bhI paraspara meM bhinna ho rahe dravya aura paryAya vAda kA Azraya lekara dravyaparyAyoM ke sAtha vastu ke tadAtmakatva kA asattva kahanA anya naiyAyika yA vaizeSikoM kA viparyaya jJAna hai| kyoMki usa dravya aura paryAyoM ke sAtha tadAtmaka ho rahI vastu kI pramANoM se vyavasthA karAI jA cukI hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika*73 tattvAnyatvAbhyAmavAcyatvavAdAlambanAdvA tatra vipryyH| sati dhrauvye tadasattvakathanamutpAdavyayamAtrAMgIkaraNAtkeSAMcidviparyayaH kathaMcitsarvasya nityatvasAdhanAt / utpAdavyayayozca satostadasattvAbhiniveza: zAzvataikAntAzrayaNAdanyeSAM vipryyH| sarvasya kathaMcidutpAdavyayAtmanaH sAdhanAdevaM prativastusattve'sattvavacanaM viparyayaH prapaMcato budhyatAM / jIve sati tadasattvavacanaM cArvAkasya viparyayastatsattvasya pramANata: saadhnaat| ajIve tadasattvavacanaM brahmavAdino viparyayaH / Asrave tadasattvavacanaM ca bauddhacArvAkasyaiva / saMvare nirjarAyAM mokSe ca tadasattvavacanaM yAjJikasya vipryyH| pUrvameva jIvavadajIvAdInAM pramANataH prruupnnaat| vizeSataH saMsAriNi santAna aura santAniyoM kA tatpanA aura anyapanA dharma avAcya hai| vastu kA kathaMcit zabda dvArA vAcyapanA siddha ho jAne para bhI vahA~ tattva anyatva dvArA avAcyapane ke siddhAMtavAda kA Alambana karake avaktavya kA kathana karanA viparyayajJAna hai| tathA saMpUrNa padArthoM kA kathaMcit dhruvapanA hone para bhI kevala utpAda aura vyaya ko svIkAra kara usa dhruvapane kA asattva kahanA kinhIM kA mithyAjJAna hai, kyoMki kathaMcit (dravyArthika naya kI apekSA se) sampUrNa padArthoM kA nityapanA siddha kiyA gayA hai| padArthoM kI utpatti aura vinAza ke hone para bhI jo sarvathA nitya ekAnta kA Azraya kara lene se una utpAda aura vyaya ke asadbhAva kA Agraha karate haiM - yaha sAMkhyoM kA mithyAjJAna hai| kyoMki sampUrNa padArthoM ke paryAyoM kI apekSA se kathaMcit utpAda, vyayAtmaka svabhAva kI siddhi kara dI gayI hai| isI prakAra anya bhI pratyeka vastu ke yA unake pratIta siddha dharmoM ke sadbhAva hone para bhI asattva kaha denA mithyAjJAna hai| isa prakAra kuzrutajJAnarUpa viparyaya ko vistAra se samajha lenA caahie| jJAna, sukha Adi guNoM ke sAtha tanmaya jIva padArtha ke sattva hone para phira usa jIva kA asadbhAva kahanA cArvAka ke yahA~ viparyayajJAna hai| kyoMki usa jIva kI sattA pramANoM se siddha ho gayI hai tathA ghaTa Adi ajIva padArthoM kA sadbhAva hone para bhI una ajIva padArthoM kA asattva kahanA brahmavAdiyoM kI buddhi meM viparyaya hai| Asrava sattva ke hone para bhI usakA astitva nahIM mAnanA bauddha aura cArvAka kA viparIta jJAna hai| isI prakAra saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa tattva ke hone para bhI unakA asattva nirUpaNa karanA, yajJa ko cAhane vAle mImAMsakoM kA viparyaya jJAna hai| kyoMki pUrva prakaraNoM meM hI jIvatattva ke samAna ajIva, Asrava, AdikoM kA pramANoM se nirUpaNa kiyA jA cukA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se jIva tattva ko nahIM mAnane para cArvAka kA viparyaya jJAna hai| kintu jIva ke bheda, prabhedarUpa se saMsArI jIvoM yA mukta jIvoM ke vidyamAna hone para bhI una saMsArI jIvoM kA yA mukta jIvoM kA asattva kahanA ekAntavAdiyoM kA viparyaya hai| arthAt maskarI mukta jIva kA mokSa se saMsAra meM punaH Agamana mAnate haiN| koI vAdI mukta jIvoM ko saMsArI jIvoM se pRthak nahIM mAnate haiN| advaitavAdI to nAnA saMsArI jIvoM ko hI svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| "brahmaiva satyamakhilaM nahi kiNcidsti'| isI prakAra jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina vizeSa dravyoM ke hone para punaH unakA asattva kahanA viparyaya jJAna hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika*74 mukte ca jIve sati tadasattvavacanaM viparyayaH / jIve pudgale dharme'dharme nabhasi kAle ca sati tadasattvavacanaM / tatra puNyAsave pApAsrave ca puNyabandhe pApabandhe ca dezasaMvare sarvasaMvare ca yathAkAlaM nirjarAyAmaupakramikanirjarAyAM ca ArhantyamokSe siddhatvamokSe ca sati tadasattvavacanaM kasyacidviparyayastatsattvasya purastAt pramANata: saadhnaat| evaM tadA bhedeSu pramANasiddheSu tadasatsu tadasattvavacanaM viparyayo bahudhAvaboddhavyaH parIkSAkSamadhiSaNairityalaM vicaarenn|| pararUpAditozeSe vastunyasati srvthaa| sattvavAdaH samAmnAtaH parAhAryo vipryyH||16|| pararUpadravyakSetrakAlataH sarvavastvasattatra kAya'taH sattvavacanamAhAryo viparyayaH / sttvaikaantaavlmbnaatksycitprtyetvyH| pramANatastathA sarvasyAsattvasiddheH dezato'sato'sati sattvaviparyayamupadarzayati una ajIva Adi padArthoM ma vizeSarUpa se puNyAsava, pApAsava, puNyabaMdha, pApabaMdha evaM ekadezasaMvara aura sarvadezasaMvara tathA yathAyogya apane niyatakAla meM hone vAlI nirjarA aura bhaviSya meM udaya Ane vAle karmoM ko balAtkAra se vartamAna upakrama meM lAkara kI gayI nirjarA Adi tattvoM ke hone para bhI evaM terahaveM, caudahaveM guNasthAna meM tIrthaMkaraprakRti kI udaya avasthA meM jIvanamukta nAmaka arhantapanAsvarUpa mokSatattva aura aSTa karmoM se sarvathA rahita siddhapanAsvarUpa paramamokSa tattva ke pramANoM se siddha hone para bhI una puNyAsrava AdikoM kA asattva kathana karate rahanA kisI eka cArvAkavAdI kA viparyaya jJAna hai| mithyAjJAna ke anusAra hI aise tattva viparIta rUpa se kathana kiye jA sakate haiN| ina tattvoM kI sattA kA kathana pUrva meM kara diyA hai| isI prakAra una jIva Adi ke bheda-prabhedarUpa aneka tattvoM ke pramANoM se siddha ho jAne para bhI tathA unakA sadbhAva ho jAne para puna: mithyAtva vaza unakA asattvakathana karanA Adi bahuta prakAra ke viparyayajJAna samajha lene caahie| jinakI baddhi tattva aura tattvAbhAsoM kI parIkSA karane meM samartha hai ve saMkSepa meM samajha jAte haiM, vistAra kathana se basa kro| isa prakaraNa meM mithyAjJAna ke avAntara asaMkhyabhedoM ko kahA~ taka ginAyA jAya? ataH viparyayapana ke vicAra se itane kathana paryApta haiN| isa prakAra svadravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA padArthoM kA sattva hone para bhI sattva nA honA mAnanA viparyayajJAna hai| pararUpa yAnI parakIya bhAva, dravya, kSetra Adi se sampUrNa padArthoM ke asadbhAva hone para unakA sarvathA sadbhAva mAnanA bhI dUsarA AhAryya viparyaya RSiAmnAya se mAnA huA calA A rahA hai||16|| pararUpa dravya, kSetra, kAla bhAvoM kI apekSA se sampUrNa vastue~ asat hai| ghaTa ke deza, dezAMzaguNa aura guNAMzoM kI apekSA paTa vidyamAna nahIM hai| AtmA ke svacatuSTaya kI apekSA se ghaTa padArtha asat hai| phira bhI vahA~ paripUrNarUpa se sattva kA kathana karanA dUsarA AhArya viparyayajJAna hai 'sarvaM sat' sampUrNa padArthoM kI sarvatra sattA ke ekAnta pakSa kA avalambana lene se kisI eka brahmAdvaitavAdI yA sadekAntavAdI ke viparyayajJAna samajha lenA cAhie kyoMki pramANa jJAnoM se usa prakAra samparNa padArthoM kA sarvatra nahIM vidyamAnapanA siddha hai| parakIya catuSTaya se sampUrNa vastuoM ke asat hone para bhI paripUrNa rUpa se sattva kathana karane vAle AhArya jJAna ko kaha cuke haiN| aba deza se asat padArtha kA avidyamAna padArtha meM vidyamAnapana kA kathana karane vAle viparyaya jJAna ko dikhalAte haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 75 satyasattvaviparyAsAd vaiparItyena kIrtitAt / pratIyamAnakaH sarvo'sati sattvaviparyayaH // 17 // sati grAhyagrAhakabhAvAdau saMvidadvaitAdyAlambanena tadasattvavacanalakSaNAdviparyayAtpUrvoktAdviparItatvenAsati pratItyArUDhe grAhyagrAhakabhAvAdau sautrAntikAdyupavarNite sattvavacanaM viparyayaH prapaMcato'vaboddhavyaH / evamAhArya zrutaviparyayamupadarzya zrutAnadhyavasAyaM cAhAryaM darzayati sati triviprakRSTArthe saMzayaH zrutigocare / keSAMcidRzyamAne'pi tattvopaplavavAdinAm // 18 // sat padArtha meM asatpane kA viparyaya jJAna batAyA jA cukA hai| usa kahe gaye viparyaya jJAna se viparIta pratIta kiye gaye isa asat padArtha meM satpane ko kahane vAle sabhI viparyayajJAna haiM // 17 // ' gyArahavIM vArttika se pandrahavIM vArttika taka pahile sat meM asat ko kahane vAlA viparyaya jJAna kahA jA cukA hai| kintu asat meM pUrNa rUpa se yA ekadeza se satpane ko jAnane valA yaha viparyayajJAna pUrvokta se viparIta hai, sat ko asat kahane vAlI pahilI prakriyA ko viparIta kara yahA~ asat ko sat kahane vAlI prakriyA se sabhI ghaTita kara sakate ho| grAhyagrAhakabhAva, kAryakAraNabhAva, sthApyasthApaka bhAva, sUkSmasthUlabhAva, sAmAnya vizeSabhAva, Adi dharmoM ke hone para bhI saMvedana advaita, brahmaadvaita, Adi ke pakSa ko grahaNa karake una grAhyagrAhaka bhAva Adi kI asattA ko kathana karane vAle lakSaNa se pUrva meM kathita viparyayatva jJAna se yaha nimnalikhita AhArya jJAna viparIta rUpa se prasiddha hai| kyoMki sautrAntika bauddha, naiyAyika, mImAMsaka, jaiva Adi vidvAnoM ke dvArA kathita grAhyagrAhakabhAva, kAryakAraNabhAva, vAcyavAcaka bhAva Adi dharmoM kI pratIti meM ArUr3ha nahIM hone dene ke kAraNa punaH unakI sattA kA kathana karanA viparyaya jJAna hai| yaha paramata kI apekSA kathana hai| advaitavAdiyoM ke zAstroM meM asat ko sat kahane vAle jJAna viparyaya rUpa se mAne gaye haiM, anya bhI dRSTAMta dekara vistAra se asat meM sat ko jAnane vAle jJAna viparyaya samajha lene caahie| sampUrNa padArtha sarvathA nitya nahIM haiM, unako apane zAstroM dvArA sarvathA nitya kahanA tathA AtmA kA AkAza ke samAna parama mahApariNAma nahIM mAnakara inako sarvatra vyApaka kahanA Adi viparyaya jJAna haiM tathA kudeva aura kuguru meM sudeva, sugurupane kA nizcaya kara baiThanA zrutaviparyaya hai| isa prakAra ukta grantha dvArA zrutajJAna ke AhArya viparyayasvarUpa mithyAjJAna ko dikhalAkara aba zrutajJAna ke AhArya saMzaya ko aura zrutajJAna ke AhArya anadhyavasAya ko zrI vidyAnanda AcArya dikhalAte deza, kAla, svabhAva ina tInoM se vyavahita ho rahe artha ke zAstra dvArA viSaya kiye jAne para-athavA kinhIM atIndriyadarzI vidvAnoM kI AtmA meM pratyakSajJAna ke viSaya kiye jAne para triviprakRSTa padArthoM kA sadbhAva hote hue bhI bauddhavAdiyoM ke yahA~ una triviprakRSTa arthoM meM jo saMzayajJAna hotA hai, vaha AhArya saMzayajJAnarUpa zrutajJAna hai| tathA kinhIM tattvopaplavavAdI vidvAnoM ke yahA~ pratyakSajJAna dvArA dRSTa pRthvI, jala Adi padArthoM meM bhI tattvoM ke avyavasthita vAda kA Agraha hone se zAstroM dvArA saMzayajJAna karA diyA jAtA hai arthAt bauddha vidvAn triviprakRSTa padArthoM ke sadbhAva kA nirNaya nahIM karate haiN| tathA apane zAstroM dvArA deza viprakRSTa sumeru , svayambhUramaNa, kAlaviprakRSTa rAma, rAvaNa, svabhAvaviprakRSTa paramANu, AkAza Adi padArthoM kA sarvathA niSedha bhI nahIM karate haiN| adRSTa padArthoM meM ekAntarUpa se saMzayajJAna ko karAte haiN| "ekAMta nirNayAt varaM sNshyH"| ekAMta nirNaya se saMzaya banA rahanA kahIM acchA hai - isa nIti ke anusAra saMzayavAdI bauddhoM ne triviprakRSTa artha meM apane zAstroM ke anusAra saMzayajJAna kara liyA hai||18||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 76 tathAnadhyavasAyo'pi keSAMcitsarvavedini tttve| sarvatra vAggocarAhAryo'vagamyatAm // 19 // zrutaviSaye dezakAlasvabhAvaviprakRSTe'rthe saMzayaH / saugtaanaamdRshysNshyaikaantvaadaavlmbnaadaahaaryo'vseyH| pRthivyAdau dRzyamAne'pi saMzaya: keSAMcittattvopaplavavAdAvaSTaMbhAt / sarvavedini punaH saMzayo'dhyavasAyazca keSAMcidviparyayavadAhAryo'vagamyatAm / sarvajJAbhAvavAdAvalepAtsarvatra vA tattve kessaaNcidnyo'ndhyvsaayH| saMzayaviparyayavat "tarko'pratiSThaH zrutayo vibhinnA nAsau muniryasya vacaH prmaannN| dharmasya tattvaM nihitaM guhAyAM aura tattvopaplavavAdiyoM ne svakIya zAstra janya mithyA vAsanA dvArA pratyakSayogya padArthoM meM bhI saMzayajJAna ThAna liyA hai| usI prakAra kinhIM vidvAnoM ke yahA~ sarvajJa tattva ke viSaya meM saMzayajJAna aura anadhyavasAya jJAna bhI ho rahA hai| "sarvajJa hai yA nahIM" - isa viSaya kA abhI taka unako zAstroM meM saMzaya rakhanA hI upadiSTa kiyA hai| kisI-kisI ne to sarvajJa kA ajJAna sarIkhA anadhyavasAyajJAna honA apane zAstroM me mAna liyA hai| nAstikavAdI yA vibhramaikAntavAdI to sabhI tattvoM meM anadhyavasAya nAmaka mithyAjJAna se yukta ho rahe haiN| ukta kahe gaye sabhI zrutajJAna ke saMzaya, viparyaya, anadhyavasAyoM meM vacana ke dvArA viSayakRta AhAryajJAna kahA gayA hai, yaha samajha lenA caahie| arthAt vaktA yA zAstra hI zabdoM dvArA kahe jAne yogya zrutajJAna ko mithyAjJAniyoM ke prati upadiSTa kara sakatA hai| ___ sarvajJokta zrutadvArA viSaya kiye gaye dezavyavahita, kAlavyavahita aura svabhAvavyavahita arthoM meM bauddha janoM ko adRzya ekAntavAda kA pakSa grahaNa kara lene se AhArya (gRhIta) zrutasaMzaya samajha lenA caahie| tathA paridRzyamAna bhI pRthvI Adi tattvoM meM kinhIM-kinhIM vidvAnoM ke yahA~ tattvopaplavavAda kA kadAgraha hojAne se saMzayajJAna ho jAtA hai // 19 // _ phira, pramANa siddha sarvajJa meM kinhIM mImAMsakoM ke yahA~ sarvajJAbhAva ko kahane vAle pakSa kA grahaNa karane se viparyayajJAna ke samAna saMzaya aura anadhyavasAya ajJAna bhI AhArya ho jAtA hai aisA jAnanA caahie| athavA "sarvavedinitattve" kA artha sarvajJa nahIM kara "jJAna ke dvArA jJAta sampUrNa tattva' - isa prakAra artha karane para yoM vyAkhyAna kara lenA ki sampUrNa jIva, pudgala Adi tattvoM ke pramANasiddha hone para kinhIM * laukAyatika yA tIvra mithyAdRSTi ke yahA~ isa vakSyamANa kore pralApa kA mAtra sahArA le lene se saMzaya aura viparyaya ke samAna anya anadhyavasAya jJAna bhI sampUrNa tattvoM ke viSaya meM utpanna hotA hai| vaha mUrkha adhArmika, nAstika janoM kA nirarthaka vacana isa prakAra hai ki tarkazAstra yA anumAna koI suvyavasthita nahIM hai jisase ki tattvoM kA nirNaya kiyA jaay| nityapana anityapana Adi ke samarthana karane ke lie diye gaye kApila, bauddha Adi ke anumAnoM kA paraspara meM virodha hai| veda kI zrutiyA~ bhI paraspara viruddha hiMsA, ahiMsA, sarvajJa, sarvajJAbhAva, vidhi, niyoga, bhAvanA Adi vibhinna arthoM ko kaha rahI haiN| koI bauddha, kaNAda, kapila athavA jinendra Adi aisA muni nahIM huA jisake vacana pramANa mAna liye jaaNe| dharma tattva aMdherI guphA meM chipA huA hai| ataH bar3e mahAn puruSa jisa mArga se jA cuke haiM, vahI mArga hai| cArvAkasiddhAntAnusAra isa prakAra pralApa karane vAloM ke yahA~ apane dvArA kahe gaye tattva kI bhI pratiSThA nahIM ho pAtI hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 77 mahAjano yena gataH sa panthAH" iti pralApamAtrAzrayaNAt / tathA pralApinAM svoktApratiSThAnAt tatpratiSThAne vA tathA vacanavirodhAdityuktaprAyaM // samprati matijJAnaviparyayasahajamAvedayati bahvAdyavagrahAdyaSTa catvAriMzatsu vittissu| kutazcinmatibhedeSu sahajaH syAdviparyayaH // 20 // smRtAvananubhUtArthe smRtisaadhrmysaadhnH| saMjJAyAmekatAjJAnaM sAdRzyaH shrotrdrshitH||21|| tathaikatve'pi sAdRzyavijJAnaM kasyacidbhavet / sa visaMvAdata: siddhaciMtAyAM liGgaliGgino: 22 / kyoMki, sabako abhISTa una pRthvI Adi dRzya tattvoM ko hI mAnanA paraloka, AtmA, puNya, pApa Adi ko nahIM mAnanA, isa siddhAnta kI pratiSThA tarka, zAstra, bRhaspati, laukika dharma, loka prasiddha vyApti ke mAna lene para hI puSTa hotI hai| tathA tarka niSedha, zAstraniSedha, AptamuniniSedha aura dharma kI pracchannatA karane para apane vacana kA virodha ho jAyegA, isa bAta ko hama prAya: aneka bAra kaha cuke haiN| - zruta ajJAna ke bala se icchApUrvaka hone vAle viparyaya, saMzaya aura anadhyavasAya ko udAharaNapUrvaka dikhAkara aba vartamAna meM matijJAna ke paropadeza ke binA hI svataH hone vAle sahaja viparyaya kA AcArya mahArAja kathana karate haiN| bahu, abahu Adi bAraha viSayabhedoM ko jAnane vAle avagraha, IhA,Adi cAra jJAnoM kI apekSA huI ar3atAlIsa matijJAna kI bhedasvarUpa buddhiyoM meM kisI bhI kAraNa se nisargajanya viparyayajJAna hotA hai| jo kuzruta kumati jJAna paropadeza binA hotA hai vaha nisargaja kahalAtA hai||20|| . smRti, pratyabhijJAna, cintA aura svArthAnumAna bhI matijJAna ke prakAra batalAye haiN| ata:, smRti Adi kA bhI sahaja viparyaya jJAna isa prakAra samajha lenA ki pUrvakAla meM anubhava kiye jA cuke artha meM smaraNa kiye gaye padArtha ke samAnadharmapane ko kAraNa mAnakara smRti ho jAnA, smaraNa jJAna kA sahaja viparyaya hai, jaise ki anubhava kiye gaye devadatta ke samAna dharma vAle hone ke kAraNa jinadatta meM devadatta kI smRti kara baiThanA sahaja kusmRtijJAna hai| - aura saMjJA svarUpa pratyabhijJAna meM sthUla dRSTi vAle puruSoM ko sadRzatA hone para ekatA kA jJAna ho jAnA pratyabhijJAna kA sahajaviparyaya hai, jaise ki samAna AkRti vAle do bhAiyoM meM se indradatta ke sadRza jinacandra meM "yaha vahI indradatta hai" - isa prakAra ekatvapratyabhijJAna ho jAtA hai, yaha ekatva pratyabhijJAna kA sahajaviparyaya hai||21|| arthAt ye smRtijJAnAbhAsa, pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa kahalAte haiN| kisI mithyAjJAnI jIva ke ekatva meM sadRzapane ko jAnane vAlA pratyabhijJAna ho jAe to vaha sAdRzyapratyabhijJAna kA viparyaya hai| jaise ki usI indradatta ko indradatta ke sadRza jinacandra samajha lenaa| isa prakAra bhrAntijJAna ho jAne ke aneka kAraNa haiN| unake dvArA ukta viparyaya jJAna utpanna hotA hai| tathA, sAdhana aura sAdhya ke sambandha meM bAdhAsahitapana yA niSphala pravRtti kA janakapanarUpa visaMvAda ho jAne se tarkajJAna
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 78 hetvAbhAsabalAjjJAnaM liGgini jnyaanmucyte| svArthAnumAviparyAso bahudhA taddhiyAM mtH||23|| kaH punarasau hetvAbhAso yato jAyamAnaM liGgini jJAnaM svaarthaanumaanvipryyH| sahajo matiH smRtisaMjJAcintAnAmiva svaviSaye timirAdikAraNavazAdupagamyate iti paryanuyoge samAsavyAsato hetvAbhAsamupadarzayati hetvAbhAsastu sAmAnyAdekaH sAdhyAprasAdhanaH / yathA hetuHsvasAdhyenAvinAbhAvI niveditaH // 24 // trividho'sAvasiddhAdibhedAtkazcidvinizcitaH / svarUpAzrayasaMdigdhajJAtAsiddhazcaturvidhaH // 25 // tatra svarUpato'siddho vAdinaH shuunysaadhne| sarvo heturyathA brahmatattvopaplavasAdhane // 26 // meM vaha viparyayajJAna ho jAnA prasiddha hai| jaise ki garbha meM sthita pA~caveM putra kA gauravarNa hote hue bhI "jitane bhI mitrA strI ke putra haiM ve saba zyAma haiM" - isa prakAra dRzyamAna cAra putroM ke anusAra. vyApti banA lenA kuciMtAjJAna hai; jahA~-jahA~ agni hotI hai vahA~-vahA~ dhUma hotA hai, yaha bhI lohe ke gole meM aMgAra kA visaMvAda ho jAne se vyAptijJAna kA viparyaya hai||22|| hetu nahIM, kintu hetusamAna dIkhane vAle hetvAbhAsoM kI sAmarthya se jo sAdhyaviSayaka jJAna ho rahA kahA jAtA hai, vaha anumAna ko jAnane vAle vidvAnoM ke yahA~ svArthAnumAna kA viparyaya mAnA gayA hai| jabaki bheda prabhedarUpa se bahuta prakAra ke hetvAbhAsa haiN| ataH tajjanya anumAnAbhAsa. ko bhI bahuta prakAra ke mAnanA yaha samucita hI hai|||23|| yaha hetvAbhAsa phira kyA padArtha hai jisase ki sAdhya ko jAnane meM utpanna ho rahA jJAna svArthAnumAna kA sahaja viparyaya kahA jAtA hai? aura jo matijJAna, smaraNa jJAna, pratyabhijJAna, vyAptijJAna inake samAna vaha svArthAnumAna kA viparyaya bhI apane viSaya meM tamArA, kAmala Adi kAraNoM ke vaza se ho rahA svIkAra kara liyA jaay| isa prakAra pratipAdya kA samIcIna prazna hone para AcArya saMkSepa aura vistAra se hetvAbhAsa kA pradarzana karate haiM - sAmAnyarUpa se "sAdhya ko nahIM sAdhane vAlA hetu" yaha eka hI hetvAbhAsa kahA gayA hai| jaise ki apane sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva rakhane vAlA saddhetu eka prakAra kA hai, usI prakAra apane sAdhya ko uttama rIti se nahIM sAdhane vAlA hetvAbhAsa bhI eka prakAra kA hai||24|| kinhIM jaina vidvAnoM ke dvArA vizeSarUpa se asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntika ina bhedoM se tIna prakAra kA hetvAbhAsa nizcita kiyA gayA hai| usameM asiddha nAma kA hetvAbhAsa to svarUpAsiddha, AzrayAsiddha saMdigdhAsiddha aura ajJAtasiddha ina bhedoM se cAra prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai // 25 // ___una asiddhahetvAbhAsa ke bhedoM meM vAdI ke yahA~ svarUpa se asiddha hetvAbhAsa isa prakAra hai| jaise zUnyavAda ko sAdhane meM sabhI hetu svarUpAsiddha ho jAte haiN| athavA advaita brahma ko sAdhane meM diyA gayA pratibhAsamAnatvahetu apane svarUpa se asiddha hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika*79 sattvAdiH sarvathA sAdhye shbdbhNgurtaadike| syAdvAdinaH kathaMcinna sarvathaikAntavAdinaH // 27 // zabdAdvinazvarAddhetusAdhye caa'kRtkaadyH| hetavo'siddhatAM yAnti bauddhAdeH prativAdinaH // 28 // jainasya srvthaikaantdhuumvttvaadyo'gnissu| sAdhyeSu hetavo'siddhA parvatAdau tthaagnitH||29|| zabdAdau cAkSuSatvAdirubhayAsiddha iSyate / niHzeSo'pi yathA zUnyabrahmAdvaitapravAdinoH // 30 // vAdyasiddhau prasiddhau ca tatra sAdhyaprasAdhane ||smrthnvihiinH syAdasiddhaH prtivaadinH||31|| sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva rakhate hue hetu kA pakSa meM rahanA hI svarUpa hai; jo ki abhAvarUpatva, avicAryamANatva, pratibhAsamAnatva hetuoM meM nahIM ghaTita hotA hai| tattvopaplavavAdiyoM dvArA tattvoM ke vicAra ke uttara kAla meM cyuta ho jAne ko sAdhane ke lie prayukta kiye gaye sabhI hetu svarUpAsiddha haiN| arthAt vicAra karane para nirdoSa kArakoM ke samudAya karake utpatti ho jAne se, bAdhArahitapane se, pravRtti sAmarthya se athavA anya prakAroM se, pramANa tattva vyavasthita nahIM ho pAtA hai| pramANa ke binA prameya tattvoM kI vyavasthA nhiiN| ata: tattvopaplava siddhAMta vyavasthita hai| yaha upaplavavAdiyoM kA avicAryamANatva hetu pramANa, prameya Adi tattvoM meM vidyamAna nahIM hai| yA vicAryamANatva hetu tattvopaplava meM ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| ata: svarUpAsiddha hetvAbhAsa hai // 26 // bauddhoM ke dvArA zabda meM sarvathA kSaNabhaMgurapanA, aNupanA, asAdhAraNapanA Adi ke sAdhya karane para diye gaye sattva, kRtakatva Adi hetu svarUpAsiddha haiN| sarvathA kSaNikapana, aNupana, Adi ke ekAnta pakSa kA kathana karane vAle bauddhoM ke ve hetu asaddhetu haiN| kathaMcit kSaNikapana Adi ko sAdhya karane ke liye diye gaye syAdvAdiyoM ke yahA~ sattva Adi hetu svarUpAsiddha hetvAbhAsa nahIM haiM, kintu samIcIna hetu haiN||27|| . bauddha, naiyAyika Adi prativAdiyoM ke yahA~ hetu dvArA zabda kA kSaNabhaMgurapanA sAdhya karane meM bole gaye akRtakapanA, pratyabhijJAyamAnapana Adi hetu asiddhapane ko prApta ho jAte haiM // 28 // parvata, mahAnasa Adi pakSoM meM agni ko sAdhya karane ke lie sarvathA ekAnta rUpa se dhUma sahitatva Adika hetu jainoM ke yahA~ asiddha hetvAbhAsa ho jAte haiN| kyoMki parvata sabhI avayavoM meM ekAnta rUpa se dhUma vAlA nahIM hai| ata: jainoM ke prati kahA gayA sarvathA dhUmavatva hetusvarUpAsiddha hetvAbhAsa hai tathA parvata meM agnihetu se hI agni ko sAdhya karane para svarUpAsiddha hetvAbhAsa hai| sAdhyasama hone se hetu kA avinAbhAvI svakIyarUpa asiddha ho rahA hai| jaba agni nAmaka sAdhya asiddha hai to usakA pakSa meM rahanA bhI asiddha hai||29|| . zabda, rasa Adi pakSa meM anityapana ko sAdhya karane ke lie diye gaye cakSuindriya dvArA grAhya honA yA nAsikA indriya karake viSaya ho jAnA ityAdi hetu vAdI, prativAdI donoM ke yahA~ asiddha hetvAbhAsa mAne gaye haiN| jaise ki zUnyavAdI aura brahmAdvaitavAdI donoM vAdI prativAdiyoM ke yahA~ sabhI hetu donoM kI apekSA se asiddha haiN|||30|| sAdhya ko sAdhane meM prasiddha ho jAne para bhI yadi hetuprayoktA vAdI ke dvArA jisa hetu kI siddhi nahIM huI hai to samarthana se virahita vaha hetu prativAdI vidvAn ke yahA~ asiddha hetvAbhAsa samajhA jaayegaa| ata: vAdiyoM ko ucita hai ki prativAdI ke sanmukha apane iSTa hetu kA samarthana kreN||31||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 80 hetoryasyAzrayo na syAt AzrayAsiddha eva sH| svasAdhyenAvinAbhAvAbhAvAdagamako mataH // 32 // pratyakSAdeH pramANatve saMvAditvAdayo yathA / zUnyopaplavazabdAdyadvaitavAdAvalambinAM // 33 // sandehaviSayaH sarvaH saMdigdhAsiddha ucyate / yathAgamapramANatve rudroktatvAdirAsthitaH // 34 // sannapyajJAyamAno'trAjJAtAsiddho vibhAvyate / saugatAderyathA sarvaH sattvAdisveSTasAdhane // 35 // na nirvikalpakAdhyakSAdastihetorvinizzayaH / tatpRSThajAdvikalpAccAvastugocarataH kva saH // 36 // anumAnAntarAddhetunizcaye caanvsthitiH| parAparAnumAnAnAM puurvpuurvtrvRttitH||37|| jJAnaM jJAnAntarAdhyakSaM vadatonena drshitH| sarvo heturvijnyaato'nvsthaanaavishesstH||38|| jisa anumAna ke hetu kA AdhAra hI siddha nahIM hai, vaha hetu AzrayAsiddha hetvAbhAsa hai| apane sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva kA abhAva hone se yaha hetu apane sAdhya kA agamaka mAnA gayA hai| arthAt vaha hetu sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM hai| jaise ki zUnya, tattvopaplava, zabda advaita, brahmaadvaita Adi ke pakSa parigraha kA avalamba karane vAle vidvAnoM ke yahA~ pratyakSa, anumAna Adi ko pramANapanA sAdhane para saMvAdIpana, pravRttijanakapana, Adi hetu AzrayAsiddha ho jAte haiM // 32-33 / / jo hetu saMdeha ke viSaya haiM ve sabhI saMdigdhAsiddha hetvAbhAsa kahe jAte haiN| jaise ki Agama ko pramANapanA sAdhane meM diye gaye rudra ke dvArA va buddha ke dvArA kathita hetu saMdigdhAsiddhapana rUpa vyavasthita haiN||34|| vidyamAna hetu bhI prativAdI ke dvArA yadi jJAta nahIM ho to vaha hetu ajJAnAsiddha hetvAbhAsa kahA jAtA hai| jaise ki bauddha Adi vidvAnoM ke dvArA apane abhISTa kSaNikatva Adi sAdhya ko sAdhane meM prayukta kiye gaye sattva, paricchedyatva, Adika sabhI hetu ajJAtAsiddha hetvAbhAsa haiN| kyoMki nirvikalpaka pratyakSa se hetu kA vizeSarUpa se nizcaya nahIM hotA hai| arthAt bauddhoM ke yahA~ pratyakSajJAna nizcaya jJapti ko nahIM karA sakane vAlA mAnA gayA hai| tathA usa nirvikalpaka jJAna ke pazcAt utpanna hue vikalpaM jJAna se bhI hetu kA nizcaya nahIM ho sakatA hai; vikalpakajJAna vastubhUta artha ko viSaya nahIM kara pAtA hai| aisI dazA meM bauddha prativAdiyoM ko naiyAyikoM ke sattva Adi hetuoM kA vaha nizcaya kahA~ huaa| yadi anya anumAnoM se hetu kA nizcaya honA mAnA jAegA to anavasthA doSa aayegaa| kyoMki vyAptigrahaNa ke lie athavA anumAna meM par3e hue hetuoM kA nizcaya karane ke lie uttarottara hone vAle aneka anumAnoM kI pUrva pUrva ke hetuoM ko jAnane meM dhArAvAhinI pravRtti hone se anavasthAdoSa AtA hai| ata: jisa hetu ko prativAdI nahIM jAna sakatA hai, vaha ajJAtAsiddha hetvAbhAsa hai // 35-36-37 // naiyAyika kahate haiM ki AtmA meM samavAya sambandha se utpanna hue avyavahita uttara kAlavartI jJAna ke dvArA pUrvakSaNavartI arthajJAna ko jAna liyA jAtA hai| AcArya kahate haiM ki isa prakAra pUrvajJAna kA anyajJAna ke dvArA pratyakSa ho jAnA kahane vAle naiyAyika kA hetu bhI ajJAtAsiddha hai| yaha isa ukta kathana se dikhalA diyA gayA hai| arthAt-pakSa meM par3e hue jJAna ko jAnane ke lie aura hetu svarUpa jJAna prameya ko jAnane ke
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 81 arthApattiparicchedyaM parokSaM jnyaanmaadRtaaH| sarvaM ye te'pyanenoktA svaajnyaataasiddhhetvH||39|| pratyakSaM tu phalajJAnamAtmAnaM vA svasaMvidam / prAGmayAkaraNajJAnaM vyarthaM teSAM niveditaM // 40 // pradhAnapariNAmatvAdacetanamitIritam / jJAnaM yaiste kathaM na syurajJAtAsiddhahetavaH // 41 // pratijJArthaikadezastu svarUpAsiddha eva naH / zabdo nAzI vinAzitvAdityAdi sAdhyasannibhaH // 42 // lie svayaM vahI jJAna to samartha nahIM hai| anya jJAnoM kI kalpanA karane para naiyAyikoM ke yahA~ anavasthA doSa AtA hai| isameM koI antara nahIM hai||38|| ___ arthApatti dvArA jAnane yogya parokSa jJAna kA jo Adara svIkAra karate haiM ve mImAMsaka bhI isa ukta kathana se doSayuktakA pratipAdana karane vAle kaha diye gaye haiN| una naiyAyika aura mImAMsakoM ke dvArA jJAna ko jAnane ke lie diye gaye hetu to svayaM unake hI dvArA jJAta nahIM haiN| kisI prativAdI ko kaise jJAta hoMge? ataH paricchedyatva yA jJAtatA Adika hetu ajJAtAsiddha hetvAbhAsa haiN||39|| jina prabhAkara mImAMsakoM ne phalajJAna to pratyakSa mAnA hai aura pramiti ke karaNa ho rahe pramANa jJAna ko parokSa mAnA hai, athavA jina bhaTTamImAMsakoM ke yahA~ pramitikartA AtmA kA to svasaMvedana pratyakSa ho jAnA iSTa kiyA hai aura pramANa jJAna ko parokSa mAnA hai. una mImAMsakoM ke yahA~ pramAke parva meM karaNajJAna kA hI nivedana kiyA gayA hai| kyoMki parokSa karaNajJAna ke binA bhI artha kA pratyakSa ho jAnA pratyakSa ho rahe AtmA yA phalajJAna se bana jAtA hai| ataH parokSa bhI karaNajJAna kI madhya meM kalpanA karoge to AtmA yA phalajJAna ko pratyakSa karane meM bhI pRthak karaNajJAna mAnanA par3egA ataH parokSa jJAna kI siddhi karane meM diye gaye hetu bhI ajJAtAsiddha hetvAbhAsa haiN|||40|| kapilavAdI AtmA kA svabhAva caitanya mAnate haiM aura buddhi ko jar3a prakRti kI paryAya hone se acetana mAnate haiN| arthAt - jJAna acetana hai, sattvaguNa, rajoguNa aura tamoguNa kI sAmya avasthArUpa prakRti kA pariNAma hone se, jaise ki ghtt| isa prakAra jina kapiloM ne pradhAna pariNAmitva, utpattimatva Adi hetu diye haiM ve hetu ajJAtAsiddha hetvAbhAsa kyoM nahIM hote haiM? jo hetu pratijJArtha ekadeza hotA hai vaha svarUpAsiddha hai, arthAt pakSa aura sAdhya ke vacana ko pratijJA kahate haiN| nigamana se pUrvakAla taka pratijJA asiddha rahatI hai| yadi koI asiddha pratijJA ke viSayabhUta artha ke ekadezapakSa yA sAdhya ko hI hetu banA leve to vaha hetu pratijJArtha ekadeza asiddha ho jAtA hai| .. yaha doSa to hama syAdvAdiyoM ke yahA~ svarUpAsiddha hI kahA jAtA hai| kintu yaha koI niyata hetvAbhAsa nahIM hai| zabda (pakSa) nAza hone vAlA hai (sAdhya), kyoMki vinAza zIla hai (hetu)| jJAna (pakSa) pramANa (sAdhya) hai pramANa hone se (hetu) ityAdi sthaloM para sAdhyoM ko hetu banA lene para to sAdhyasama hetvAbhAsa hai joki svarUpAsiddha meM hI garbhita ho jAte haiN| jabaki zabda meM nAzIpanA siddha nahIM hai to vinAzitvapanA hetu zabda meM svayaM nahIM rhaa| ata: vinAzitva hetu svarUpAsiddha hetvAbhAsa hai| yoM to bhAgAsiddha, vyApyatvAsiddha, vyarthavizeSaNAsiddha Adi bheda inhIM bhedoM meM garbhita ho jAte haiN| yahA~ taka asiddha hetvAbhAsa kA kathana kiyA hai||42|| aba viruddhahetvAbhAsa kA kathana karate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 82 yassAdhyaviparItArtho vyabhicArI sunishcitH| sa viruddho'vaboddhavyastathaiveSTavighAtakRt // 43 // sattvAdiH kSaNikatvAdau yathA syaadvaadvidvissaaN| anekAntAtmakatvasya niyamAttena sAdhanAt // 44 // sAmarthya cakSurAdInAM saMhatatvaM prasAdhayet / parasya pariNAmitvaM tathetISTavighAtakRt // 45 // anusyUtamanISAdisAmAnyAdIni sAdhayet / teSAM dravyavivarttatvamevamiSTavighAtakRt // 46 // viruddhAnna ca bhinno'sau svymissttaadvipryye| sAmarthyasyAvizeSeNa bhedvaadiprsNgtH||47|| vivAdAdhyAsitaM dhImaddhetukaM kRtktvtH| yathA zakaTamityAdi viruddho tena drshitH||48|| yathA hi buddhimatpUrvaM jagadetatprasAdhayet / tathA buddhimato hetoranekatvazarIritAm // 49 // svazarIrasya karttAtmA nAzarIro'sti sarvathA / kArmaNena zarIreNAnAdisambandhasiddhitaH // 50 // jo hetu yA sAdhya se viparIta artha ke sAtha vyApti ko rakhatA hai, usako viruddhahetvAbhAsa samajhanA cAhie, aura viruddha ke sAtha vyApta hone ke kAraNa vaha hetu iSTa sAdhya kA vighAta karane vAlA hai, jaise ki syAdvAda kA vizeSa dveSa karane vAle bauddhoM ke dvArA kSaNikapana, asAdhAraNapana Adi ko sAdhane meM prayukta kiye gaye sattva prameyatva Adika hetu viruddha haiN| kyoMki una sattva Adi hetuoM ke dvArA niyama se nitya anityarUpa yA sAmAnyavizeSarUpa aneka dharmAtmakapane kI siddhi hotI hai| ata: abhISTa sAdhya ho rahe sarvathA kSaNikapana ke viparIta kathaMcit kSaNikapana ke sAtha vyApti rakhane vAlA hone se sattvahetu viruddha hai||43-44|| cakSu, rasanA Adi indriyoM kA saMhatapanA hetu unakI sAmarthya ko siddha kara detA hai| isa prakAra kapilAdi ke dvArA mAnI gayI gyAraha indriyA~ jo kArya kara rahI haiM vaha AtmA kI sAmarthya se kara rahI haiN| kintu aisI dazA meM dUsare sAMkhyoM kI AtmA kA pariNAmIpana bhI siddha ho jaayegaa| kintu sAMkhyoM ne AtmA ko kUTastha mAnA hai| ataH anumAna karane para vaha hetu sAMkhyoM ke iSTa kUTasthapana kA vighAta kara detA hai| tathA anvayarUpa se ota prota buddhi Adi ke sAmAnya cetanapana Adi ko bhI vaha saMhatapanA hetu sAdha detA hai| ve buddhi, sukha Adika svabhAva Atmadravya ke hI paryAya haiN| ataH sAMkhyoM ke iSTa siddhAMta kA vighAta karane vAlA svayaM sAMkhya ke iSTa sAdhya se viparyaya ko sAdhane meM abhimukha ho rahA (vaha) hetu viruddhahetvAbhAsa se bhinna nahIM hai| jisa padArtha kI sAmarthya kA parivartana hotA rahatA hai. vaha padArtha pariNAmI hai| sAmarthya aura sAmarthyavAna meM koI vizeSatA nahIM hai| yadi zakti aura zaktimAna meM bheda mAnA jAyegA to Apa sAMkhyoM ko bhedavAdI naiyAyika yA vaizeSika ho jAne kA prasaMga AyegA ataH cakSu Adi kI nitya sAmarthya ko sAdhane vAlA saMhatapanA hetu viruddhahetvAbhAsa hai||45-46-47|| vivAda meM prApta ho rahe parvata, zarIra Adi padArtha bhI (pakSa) buddhimAna cetana ko hetu mAnakara utpanna hote haiM (sAdhya), apanI utpatti meM dUsaroM ke vyApAra kI apekSA rakhane vAle kRtaka bhAva hone se (hetu), jaise ki gAr3I (anvaya dRSTAMta) AcArya kahate haiM ki isa prakAra ke usa naiyAyika yA vaizeSika dvArA diye gaye anya bhI kAryatva, acetanopAdAnatva, Adi hetu viruddha hetvAbhAsa haiM, kyoMki ukta hetu apane abhISTa buddhimAna
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 83 yataH sAdhye zarIre sve dhImato vybhicaartaa| jagatkartuH prapadyeta tena hetoH kutArkikaH // 51 // bodhyo'naikAntiko hetuHsambhavAnnAnyathA tthaa| saMzItiM vidhivatsarvaH sAdhAraNatayA sthitH||52|| zabdatvazrAvaNatvAdi zabdAdau pariNAmini / sAdhyahetustato vRtte: pakSa eva sunishcitH||53|| saMzItyAliGgitAGgastu yaH sapakSavipakSayoH / pakSe sa vartamAnaH syAdanaikAntikalakSaNaH // 54 // tenAsAdhAraNo nAnyo hetvAbhAsastato'sti nH| tasyAnaikAntikesamyagghetau vAntargatiH sthitiH||5|| prameyatvAdiretena sarvasminpariNAmini / sAdhye vastuni nirNIto vyAkhyAtaH pratipadyatAM // 56 // karttApane se viparIta kAraNamAtra janyatva ke sAtha vyApti se yukta haiN| jisa prakAra vaha hetu isa jagat ko buddhimAna kAraNa se janyapanA siddha karegA, usI prakAra ghaTa Adi dRSTAntoM kI sAmarthya se usa buddhimAn kAraNa ke anekatva aura zarIra sahitatva ko bhI siddha kregaa| pahale anya zarIra se sahita hotI huI hI AtmA apane zarIra kI kartA hotI hai| zarIra se rahita muktAtmA sarvathA apane zarIra kI kartA nahIM hai| kyoMki anAdikAla se jJAnAvaraNa Adi karmoM ke samudAyarUpa kArmaNa zarIra ke sAtha saMsArI AtmA kA saMbaMdha ho jAne kI siddhi hai| ata: jagat ko banAne vAle buddhimAn ke apane zarIra ke sAdhya karane para usa zarIra se hI anekAnta doSa A jAtA hai| arthAt-buddhimAn ne jisa zarIra se jagat banAyA hai usakA vaha zarIra buddhimAn kA banAyA huA nahIM hai, kintu kRtaka hai| ata: hetu kA prayoktA naiyAyika nyAya yA tarka ko jAnane vAlA nahIM hai| vaha kutarkatA hai| athavA vipakSa meM hetu ke vartane kI sambhAvanA ho jAne se vaha viruddha hetu anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa samajhanA cAhie anyathA vipakSa meM vRtti nahIM hone para anaikAntika nahIM hai| pakSa meM vRttitva kI vidhi ke samAna vipakSa meM rahane ke kAraNa saMzayayukta sabhI hetu sAdhAraNapane se vyavasthita haiN||48-52 / / zabda Adi pakSa meM pariNAmIpana sAdhya karane ke lie diye gaye zabdatva, zravaNaindriya dvArA grAhyatva, bhASAvargaNA niSpAdyatva Adi hetu yadi pakSa meM hI sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAvI hokara vRttirUpa se sunizcita haiM taba to ve saba saddhetu hI haiM parantu jo sapakSa aura vipakSa meM rahane ke kAraNa saMzaya se jina hetuoM ke zarIra kA AliMgana kara liyA gayA hai vaha hetu yadi pakSa meM vartamAna hai to bhI anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa ke lakSaNa se yukta samajhA jAvegA hai| ataH syAdvAdiyoM ke yahA~ anaikAMtika se bhinna koI dUsarA asAdhAraNa nAma kA hetvAbhAsa nahIM mAnA gayA hai| vaizeSikoM ke dvArA svIkRta usa asAdhAraNa hetvAbhAsa kA antarbhAva anaikAntika meM athavA samIcIna hetu meM ho jAtA hai|53-54|| vaizeSikoM ne anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa ke sAdhAraNa, asAdhAraNa anupasaMhArI ye tIna bheda kiye haiM, jo hetu sapakSa aura vipakSa meM varta jAtA hai, vaha sAdhAraNa hai tathA jo sapakSa aura vipakSa donoM se vyAvRtta hai, vaha asAdhAraNa hetvAbhAsa hai, jisakA abhAva nahIM ho sakatA aise kevalAnvayI padArtha ko pakSa banAkara jo hetu diyA jAtA hai, vaha anupasaMhArI hai| prakaraNa meM yaha kahanA hai ki asAdhAraNa nAma kA hetvAbhAsa nahIM hai| vipakSa meM hetu kA nahIM rahanA to acchA hI hai| sapakSa meM yadi hetu nahIM rahatA to koI kSati nahIM hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 84 pakSatritayahAnistu yasyAnaikAntiko mtH| kevalavyatirekAdistasyAnaikAntikaH kathaM // 57 // vyaktAtmanAM hi bhedAnAM parimANAdisAdhanam / ekakAraNapUrvatve kevalavyatirekinaH // 58 // kaarnntrypuurvtvaatkaaryennaannvyaagte| puruSairvyabhicArISTaM pradhAnapuruSairapi // 59 // vinA sapakSasattvena gamakaM yasya sAdhanam / anyathAnupapannatvAttasya sAdhAraNo mtH||60|| sAdhye ca tadabhAve ca vartamAno vinishcitH| saMzItyAkrAntadeho vA hetuH kaaryaikdeshtH||61|| tatra kAyena nirnniitstaavtsaadhyvipkssyoH| yathA dravyaMnabhaH sattvAdityAdiH kshcidiiritH||12|| anvayadRSTAnta ke binA bhI saddhetu ho sakate haiN| tabhI to navya naiyAyikoM ne isako hetvAbhAsa nahIM mAnA hai| sampUrNa vastuoM meM pariNAmIpana ko sAdhya karane para diye gaye pramayetva, sattva Adi hetu bhI koI anupasaMhArI hetvAbhAsa nahIM hai| unakA bhI samIcIna hetu yA anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| yaha nirNItarUpa se vyAkhyAna kara diyA gayA hai - aisA samajha lenA caahie| sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha ho jAnA hI saddhetu kA prANa hai||55-56|| jisa dArzanika ke yahA~ pakSa, sapakSa, vipakSa tInoM meM hI hetu kI hAni (nahIM rahanA) anaikAntika kA lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai, usa dArzanika ke kevalavyatireka yA kevalAnvaya ko dhArane vAle hetu anaikAntika kaise ho sakeMge ? sAMkhya meM gyAraha indriyoM aura paMcabhUta ina vyaktasvarUpa padArthoM kA prakRtisvarUpa eka kAraNa se abhivyajyapanA sAdhane ke lie diyA gayA hai| bhedAnAM parimANa, bhedAnAM samanvaya Adi hetu kahe haiN| unakA samavAyI, asamavAyI, nimitta, ina tIna kAraNoM ke dvArA pUrvakapanA hone se kArya ke sAtha anvayarahitapanA prApta ho jAtA hai| ata: ve hetu tumhAre yahA~ kevalavyatirekI mAne gaye haiN| kintu ve hetu puruSadvArA tathA prakRti aura AtmA ke dvArA bhI vyabhicArI iSTa kiye gaye haiN| ata: anaikAntika - kA pUrvokta lakSaNa ThIka nahIM hai||57-58-59|| sapakSa yAnI anvayadRSTAnta meM vidyamAna rahane ke binA bhI hetu jisa syAdvAdI ke yahA~ mAtra anyathAnupapatti nAmakA guNa hone se sAdhya kA jJApaka mAna liyA gayA hai, usake yahA~ sAdhya ke hone para aura vipakSa meM usa sAdhya kA abhAva hone para rahane vAlA hetu sAdhAraNa nAmakA hetvAbhAsa vizeSarUpa se nizcita kiyA gayA hai| athavA pakSa meM sAdhya ke rahane para rahane vAlA aura sAdhyAbhAva vAle vipakSa meM pUrNarUpa se yA eka deza se rahane ke saMzaya se AkrAnta zarIra vAlA hetu sAdhAraNa hetvAbhAsa kahA gayA hai||60-61|| una sAdhAraNa hetvAbhAsa ke bhedoM meM se prathama sAdhyavAna pakSa aura sAdhyAbhAvavAn vipakSa meM pUrNarUpa se nirNIta hokara rahane vAlA koI hetu anekAnta hai| jaise - AkAza dravya hai, sattva hone se isa anumAna meM diyA gayA sattva hetu apane pakSa AkAza meM rahatA hai aura vipakSa guNa yA karma meM bhI varta rahA hai ata: nizcita vyabhicArI hai so anekAnta hetvAbhAsa hai||62||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 85 vizvavedIzvaraH sarvajagatkartRtvasiddhitaH / iti saMzrayatastatrAvinAbhAvasya saMzayAt // 63 // sati hyazeSaveditve saMdigdhA vizvakartRtA / tadabhAve ca tannAyaM gamako nyAyavedinAm // 64 // nityortho nirmUrttatvAditi syaadekdeshtH| sthitastayorvinirdiSTaparo'pIdRktadA tu kH||65|| yatrArthe sAdhayedekaM dharmaM heturvivakSitam / tatrAnyastadviruddhaM cedviruddhyA vybhicaarysau||66|| iti kecittadaprAptamanekAntasya yuktitH| samyagghetutvanirNIternityAnityatvahetuvat // 67 // sarvathaikAntavAde tu hetvAbhAso'yamiSyate / sarvagatve parasmiMzca jAte: khyApitahetuvat // 68 // Izvara sarvajJa hai, sampUrNa jagat ke kartApana kI siddhi hone se| isa prakAra anumAna kA Azraya karane vAle hetu meM avinAbhAva kA saMzaya ho jAne se yaha hetu saMdigdha hetvAbhAsa hai| kyoMki sarvajJatva vizvakartApana Izvara meM saMdigdha hai| ata: naiyAyikoM kA yaha hetu apane sAdhya kA jJApaka nahIM hai| vipakSa meM sampUrNa rUpa se hetu kA nahIM vartanA saMdigdha haiN||63-64 // ___ zabda nitya hai, amUrta hone se| yaha hetu ekadeza se vipakSa meM rahane ke kAraNa nizcita vyabhicArI hai| isI prakAra una ekadeza nirNIta aura ekadeza saMdigdha meM se dUsarA ekadeza saMdigdha koI hetu vizeSarUpa se kaha diyA gayA hai| jaise ki guNa anitya hai, amUrta hone se; yahA~ vipakSa ke ekadeza meM hetu kI vRttitA saMdigdha hai||65|| jisa artha meM eka hetu to vivakSA se dharma kA sAdhaka hotA hai aura dUsarA hetu vahA~ hI usa sAdhya se viruddha artha ko kahatA hai to vaha hetu viruddhAnaikAnta hetvAbhAsa hai| isa prakAra koI kaha rahe haiN| unakA yaha kahanA aprasiddha (yukti rahita) hai| kyoMki samIcIna yuktiyoM se nitya aura anitya ko sAdhane vAle hetuoM ke samAna una aneka dharmoM ko sAdhane vAle hetuoM kA bhI samIcIna hetu ke dvArA nirNaya hotA hai| sabhI prakAroM se eka hI dharma kA Agraha karake ekAntavAda svIkAra kara lene para to yaha avidyamAna virodhI dharma ko sAdhane vAlA hetu, hetvAbhAsa mAnA gayA hai| jaise mithyAdRSTi jIva jJAnavAna hai, cetanAguNa ke mithyA upayogarUpa pariNAma sahita hone se tathA mithyAdRSTi jIva jJAnarahita hai, mokSa upayogI tattvajJAna nahIM hone se| yahA~ syAdvAdasiddhAMta anusAra donoM hetu samIcIna haiN| ekAntavAdiyoM ke mata meM dUsarA hetu samIcIna nahIM hai // 66 // sattAsvarUpa jAti athavA dravyatva, guNatva, ghaTatva Adi apara jAti kA sarvavyApakapanA athavA apara yAnI avyApakapanA sAdhya karane para prasiddha karA diye gaye hetuoM ke samAna usa hetu ko kinhIM vaizeSikoM ne apane yahA~ satpratipakSa kahA hai| . sAmAnya vyApaka hai, sarvatra vyaktiyoM meM anvita hone se, jaise AkAza / isa anumAna ke dvArA jAti ko vyApaka siddha kiyA jAtA hai| tathA sAmAnya avyApaka hai, kyoMki antarAla meM dRSTigocara nahIM hone vAlA prati vyakti meM pRthak -pRthak hai jaise ki ghaTa vykti| yahA~ vaizeSikoM ne dUsarA hetu satpratipakSa mAnA hai, phira anya dArzanikoM ne usako anaikAntika hI kahA hai| ataH syAdvAdiyoM ke yahA~ bhI vaha anaikAntika hI hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika*86 sa ca sapratipakSo'tra kazciduktaH paraiH punaH / anaikAntika eveti tato nAsya vibhinnatA // 69 // sveSTadharmavihInatve hetunAnyena saadhyte| sAdhyAbhAve prayuktasya heto bhAvanizcayaH // 7 // dharmiNIti svyNsaadhyaasaadhyyovRttisNshryaat| nAnaikAntikatA bAdhyA tasya tllkssnnaanvyaat||71|| yaH svapakSavipakSAnyataravAdaH svanAdiSu / nityatve bhaMguratve vA proktaH prakaraNe samaH // 72 // so'pyanaikAntikAnnAnya ityanenaiva kiirtitm| svasAdhye'sati sambhUti: saMzayAsavizeSataH // 73 // kAlAtyayApadiSTo'pi sAdhyamAnena bAdhite / yaH prayujyeta hetuH syAtsa no naikAntiko'paraH // 74 // sAdhyAbhAve pravRtto hi pramANaiH kutrcitsvym| sAdhye heturna nirNIto vipakSavinivarttanaH // 75 // anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa se isa satpratipakSa kA koI vizeSa bheda nahIM hai| dUsare hetu ke dvArA apane abhISTa sAdhya dharma se rahitapanA sAdhA jAne para sAdhya vAle dharmI meM sAdhya ke abhAva ko sAdhane meM prayukta kiye gaye hetu ke abhAva kA nizcaya nahIM hai| kyoMki svayaM vAdI ne sAdhya aura sAdhyAbhAva ke hone para hetu ke rahane ko samIcIna Azraya khaa| ata: satpratipakSa kahalAne vAle hetu ko anaikAntika hetvAbhAsapanA bAdhA karane yogya nahIM hai| kyoMki usa anaikAntika kA lakSaNa vahA~ anvaya rUpa se ghaTita ho jAtA hai||67-68-6970-71|| zabda, ghaTa, Adi meM nityapanA athavA kSaNikapanA sAdhane para jo svapakSa aura vipakSa meM se kisI bhI eka meM rahane vAlA (hetu) prakaraNasama kahA gayA hai vaha bhI anaikAntika se bhinna nahIM hai| isa prakAra kA siddhAnta bhI ukta hetu se hI kaha diyA gayA hai arthAt jisa hetu se sAdhyavAna aura sAdhyAbhAvavAna ke prakaraNa kI jijJAsA hotI hai, usa jijJAsA kA nirNaya karane ke lie prayukta kiyA gayA hetu prakaraNasama kahA jAtA hai| zabda ko nityapanA sAdhane meM mImAMsakoM ke dvArA diyA gayA pratyabhijJAyamAnapanA hetu naiyAyikoM kI ora se prakaraNa sama hetvAbhAsa hai| aura zabda kA anityapanA sAdhane meM naiyAyikoM ke dvArA diyA gayA kRtakatva hetu to mImAMsakoM kI ora se prakaraNasama kahA jAtA hai| kintu yaha prakaraNasama anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa se pRthak nahIM hai| atyalpa bheda hone se hetvAbhAsa kI koI pRthak jAti nahIM ho jAtI hai| apane sAdhya ke nahIM hone para vidyamAna rahanA yaha nizcita vyabhicAra aura saMzayAMza rUpa hai kyoMki vyabhicArakA yahA~ bhI sadbhAva hai| kisI aMza meM vizeSatA nahIM hai // 72-73 / / jo hetu pramANadvArA sAdhya ke bAdhita ho jAne para prayukta kiyA jAtA hai, vaha kAlAtyayApadiSTa hetu bhI syAdvAda meM dUsare prakAra kA anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa mAnA gayA hai| bAdhita hetvAbhAsa koI pRthak nahIM hai| kahIM-kahIM to svayaM pramANoM ke dvArA sAdhya kA abhAva jJAta ho jAne para puna: vaha hetu pravRtta hotA hai aura kahIM sAdhya ke hone para hetu kA nirNaya ho jAtA hai| kintu usa hetu ke vipakSa se nivRtta hone kA nirNaya nahIM hai| ataH bAdhita aura anaikAntika meM thoDA sA antara hai, vizeSa nahIM hai||74-75 / /
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika*87 vipakSe bAdhake vRtti samIcIno ythocyte| sAdhake sati kinna syAttadAbhAsastathaiva sH||76|| sAdhyAbhAve pravRttena kiM pramANena bAdhyate / hetuH kiM vA tadetenetyatra saMzItisambhavaH // 77 // sAdhyasyAbhAva evAyaM pravRtta iti nishcye| viruddho heturudbhAvyo'tItakAlo na cAparaH // 78 // pramANabAdhanaM nAma doSa: pakSasya vstutH| kva tasya hetubhimrANo'nutpannena tato htH||79|| siddha sAdhye pravRtto'trAkiMcitkara itiiritH| kaizciddheturna saMciMtyaH syaadvaadnyshaalibhiH||80|| gRhItagrahaNAttasyApramANatvaM ydiissyte| smRtyAderapramANatvaprasaMga: kena vAryate // 81 // saMvAditvAtpramANatvaM smRtyAdezcetkathaM tu taiH| siddherthe vartamAnasya heto: saMvAditA na te||82|| prayojanavizeSasya sadbhAvAnmAnatA ydi| tadAlpajJAnavijJAnaM hetoH kiM na prayojanam // 83 // vipakSa meM bAdhaka pramANa ke pravRtta ho jAne para jaise koI bhI hetu samIcIna hetu kahA jAtA hai, usI prakAra vipakSa meM sAdhaka pramANa ke hone para vaha hetu hetvAbhAsa kyoM nahIM hogA? avazya ho jAyegA? // 76|| sAdhyakA abhAva hone para pravRtta pramANa ke dvArA kyA yaha hetu bAdhita hotA hai athavA hetu ke dvArA pramANa bAdhita hotA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ saMzaya hotA hai| taba taka vaha saMdigdhavyabhicArI hetu hotA hai| sAdhya ke nahIM hone para (sAdhya kA abhAva hone para) hI yaha hetu pravRtta hotA hai| isa prakAra nizcaya ho jAne para viruddha hetvAbhAsa kA udbhAvana karanA caahie| ataH vyabhicArI yA viruddha se bhinna koI kAlAtIta nAma kA hetvAbhAsa nahIM hai jo ki "kAlAtyayApadiSTa kAlAtIta' kahA jAe // 77-78 // - vastuta: vicArA jAe to sAdhya kA lakSaNa iSTa, abAdhita aura asiddha kiyA gayA hai| ataH sAdhyavAn pakSa kA doSa pramANabAdhA nAmakA ho sakatA hai| usa kAlAtyayApadiSTa kA hetuoM ke dvArA rakSaNa kaise ho sakatA hai? ata: hetuoM meM utpanna nahIM hone se vaizeSikoM kA siddhAMta naSTa ho jAtA hai arthAt kAlAtyayApadiSTa koI anya hetu nahIM hai / / 79 / / sAdhya ke siddha ho cukane para pravRtta haA hetu akiMcitkara hai, isa prakAra kinhIM vidvAnoM ne nirUpaNa kiyA hai| syAdvAda nIti ke dhAraka vidvAnoM ko akiMcitkara ko hetu kA doSa nahIM vicAranA caahie| yadi gRhIta kA hI usa hetu dvArA grahaNa ho jAne se usa hetu yA anumAna ko apramANapanA iSTa kiyA jaayegaa| taba to gRhIta kA grAhI hone se smRti, saMjJA, tarka, Adi ko bhI apramANapane kA prasaMga ho jAnA kisake dvArA rokA jA sakatA hai? yadi saphala kriyAjanakatva yA bAdhArahitatva svarUpa saMvAda se yukta hone ke kAraNa smRti Adi ko pramANapanA kahoge to una pramANoM ke dvArA siddha artha meM pravartarahe hetu kA tumhAre yahA~ saMvAdIpana kyoM nahIM mAnA jAtA // 80-81-82 // . prayojana vizeSakA sadbhAva hone se yadi smRti, pratyabhijJAna Adi ko pramANapanA kahoge taba to alpajJAnavAle jIvoM ko zabda meM zrAvaNapane Adi kA vizeSa jJAna ho jAnA hetu kA prayojana kyoM nahIM mAnaliyA jAtA hai? akiMcitkara ko pRthak hetvAbhAsa mAnane vAle vidvAnoM ne eka artha meM vizeSa, vizeSAMza ko jAnane vAle aneka pramANoM kA rahanArUpa pramANasaMplava svayaM iSTa kiyA hai| isa prakAra unake yahA~ iSTa
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika*88 pramANasaMplavastvevaM svayamiSTo virudhyte| siddhe kutshshnaarthenyprmaannsyaaphltvtH||84|| mAnenaikena siddherthe prmaannaaNtrvrtne| yAnavasthocyate sApi nAkAMkSAkSayata: sthiteH // 85 // sarAgapratipattRRNAM svAdRSTatvamataH kvacit / syAdAkAMkSAkSayaH kAladezAdeH svanimittataH // 86 // vItarAgAH punaH svArthAn vedanairaparAparaiH / pratikSaNaM pravartate sadopekSAparAyaNAH // 87 // pramANasaMplave caivamadoSe prtyupsthite| gRhItagrahaNAt kva syAt kevlsyaaprmaanntaa||88|| kiye gaye pramANa saMplava kA virodha prApta hotA hai| yAnI ve pramANasaMplava nahIM mAna skeNge| kyoMki kisI bhI eka pramANa se artha ke prasiddha ho cukane para anya pramANoM ko vyarthapanA prApta hotA hai||83-84|| ___ pramANa ke dvArA padArtha ke siddha ho jAne para punarapi yadi anya pramANoM kI pravRtti mAnane para anavasthA doSa kahA jAtA hai| vaha anavasthA bhI AkAMkSAoM ke kSaya ho jAne se nahIM AtI hai| yaha vyavasthita siddhAnta hai| jaba taka AkAMkSA bar3hatI jAyegI nirAkAMkSA hone para pramAtA vahIM avasthita ho jAtA hai| rAgasahita yA icchAsahita pratipattAjanoM ko apane adRSTa ke vaza se AkAMkSA kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| arthAt - jaise atyanta priya padArtha kA viyoga ho jAne para usakI smRtiyA~ hamako satAtI rahatI haiN| pazcAt hamAre sukha duHkhoM ke bhoga anukUla puNyapApoM ke dvArA ve smRtiyA~ prAya: naSTa ho jAtI haiN| yadi ve smRtiyA~ yA AkAMkSAyeM naSTa nahIM hoM to jIvita rahanA yA anya kAryoM ko karanA hI ati kaThina ho jAtA hai| kahIM-kahIM apanI AkAMkSAkSaya ke nimitta kAraNa kAla, deza, viSayAMtara saMcAra vismAraka padArtha sevana Adi se bhI AkAMkSA kA kSaya ho jAtA hai|85-86|| AkAMkSA kA kSaya ho jAne se rAgI jJAtAoM ko to anavasthA ho nahIM sakatI hai| phira uttarottara kAla meM hone vAle jJAnoM ke dvArA sva aura arthoM ko jAnane vAle vItarAga puruSa sarvadA upekSA dhArane meM tatpara hokara pratikSaNa pravRtti karate haiN| arthAt - vItarAga muni yA sarvajJa ke kahIM kisI padArtha meM AkAMkSA to nahIM hai| unake jJAna kA sAkSAt phala ajJAnanivRtti aura paramparAphala viSayoM meM rAgadveSa kI pariNati nahIM hone rUpa upekSA bhAva hai| sarvajJa kA jJAna gRhItagrAhI nahIM hai| kyoMki sarvajJa ko sabhI padArtha apane-apane dharmoM se sahita hokara pratibhAsita hote haiN| tathA bhUta bhaviSyat kAla kI apekSA bhinna-bhinna rUpa se grahaNa hote haiN| isa prakAra prativAdI jainoM ke dvArA eka bhI artha meM dharmoM kI apekSA vizeSa, vizeSAMzoM ko jAnane vAle bahuta pramANoM kI pravRtti hone svarUpa pramANa saMplava ko isa rIti se doSa rahita upasthita karane para kevalajJAna ke gRhIta karane meM apramANatA kaise ho sakatI hai? isa prakAra zreSTha nayoM ke dvArA sampUrNa pramANoM ke apUrva artha kA grAhIpanA siddha ho jAne para akiMcitkara nAma kA koI bhI hetvAbhAsa nahIM ho sakatA hai| arthAt - pUrva meM jJAta zabdoM kA hI karNaindriya se grahaNa honA anumAna dvArA jAnA jA sakatA hai| aisI dazA meM anumAna yA hetu kucha kArya ko karane vAlA kahA jA sakatA hai| kisI bhI puruSa ke pratidina hone vAle jJAnoM meM se bahubhAga jJAna to jAnI huI vastu ke vizeSAMzoM ko hI adhikatara jAnate rahate haiN| ata: akiMcitkara nAmakA hetvAbhAsa nahIM mAnanA caahie| eka
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 89 tataH sarvapramANAnAmapUrvArthatvaM sannaye / syAdakiMcitkaro hetvAbhAso naivAnyathArpaNAt // 89 // tatrApi kevalajJAnaM nApramANaM prsjyte| sAdyaparyavasAnasya tasyApUrvArthatA sthiteH // 10 // prAdurbhUtikSaNAdUrdhvaM prinnaamitvvicyutiH| kevalasyaikarUpitvAditi codyaM na yuktimat // 11 // parApareNa kAlena saMbaMdhAtpariNAmi ca / sambandhi pariNAmitve jJAtRtve naikameva hi // 12 // evaM vyAkhyAtaniHzeSahetvAbhAsasamudbhavaM / jJAnaM svArthAnumAbhAsaM mithyAdRSTerviparyayaH // 13 // sarvameva vijAnIyAt samyagdRSTeH shubhaavh| yathA zrutajJAne viparyAsastadvatsaMzayo'nadhyavasAyazca kvacidAhAryaH pradarzitastathAvagrahAdisvArthAnumAnaparyantamatijJAna bhedeSu pratipAdita viparyAsavatsaMzayonadhyavasAyazca prtipttvyH| sAmAnyato viparyayazabdena mithyaajnyaansaamaanysyaabhidhaanaat| vivakSA se vicArA jAya taba to vaha pratyuta anyathA yAnI asaddhetuoM se bhinna prakAra kA samIcIna hetu hai| usameM hetu kA koI bhI doSa saMbhava nahIM hai|88-89|| apUrva artha ko jAnane vAle una jJAnoM meM kevalajJAna ke apramANa hone kA prasaMga nahIM AtA hai| kyoMki jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSaya se vivakSitakAla meM utpanna sAdi aura anantakAla taka rahane vAle usa kevalajJAna ko apUrva artha kA grAhakapanA vyavasthita ho cukA hai|90|| - apanI utpatti hone ke kSaNa se Upara uttarakAla meM kevalajJAna kA pariNAmIpanA vizeSarUpeNa cyuta ho jAtA hai| kyoMki kevalajJAna to sadA ekarUpa hI banA rahatA hai| arthAt - jina triloka, trikAlavartI padArthoM ko Aja jAna rahA hai, una hI ko jAnatA rhegaa| utpAda, vinAza aura dhruvatArUpa pariNAma se sahitapanA kevalajJAna meM nahIM ghaTita hotA hai| isa prakAra vitarkaNA karanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| kyoMki, uttara uttaravartI kAla ke sAtha sambandha ho jAne se utpAda aura vyayarUpa pariNAma ghaTita hotA hai, kevalajJAna kI pUrva samayavartI paryAya kA nAza ho jAtA hai aura uttarakAla meM navIna paryAyakI utpatti ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra sambandha viziSTa aura pariNAmasahita panA hone ke kAraNa kevalajJAnI jJAtApana karake niyama se vaha eka hI hai - yaha dhruvatA hai| ataH vaha pariNAmIpana se cyuta nahIM hotA hai, apitu pratiSThita hai|91-92|| isa prakAra vyAkhyAna kiye gaye sampUrNa hetvAbhAsoM se utpanna huA jJAna svArthAnumAnarUpa matijJAna kA AbhAsa hai| mithyAdRSTi jIva ko anumAna kA AbhAsa nAmaka viparyayajJAna ho jAtA hai| samyagdRSTi jIva ke samIcIna hetuoM se utpanna hue sabhI jJAna pramANarUpa hote hue kalyANakArI haiM - aisA samajha lenA cAhie // 93 // jisa prakAra zrutajJAna meM AhArya viparyAsa hai, usI ke samAna zrutajJAna meM AhArya saMzaya aura AhArya anadhyavasAya, bhI kahIM-kahIM hotA hai| yaha dikhalAyA hai| usI prakAra avagraha ko Adi lekara svArthAnumAna paryaMta matijJAna ke bhedoM meM bhI viparyAsa ke samAna saMzaya aura anadhyavasAya bhI kvacit hote haiM, aisA samajha lenA caahie| ___kyoMki sUtra meM sAmAnyarUpa se kahe gaye viparyaya zabda ke dvArA sabhI mithyAjJAnoM kA sAmAnyapane se kathana ho jAtA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 90 saMprati vAkyArthajJAnaviparyayamAhAryaM darzayannAhaniyogo bhAvanaikAMtAddhAtvartho vidhireva ca / yaMtrArUDhAdicArthonyApoho vA vacaso yadA // 14 // kaizcinmanyeta tajjJAnaM zrutAbhaM vedanaM tadA / tathA vAkyArthanirNItervidhAtuM duHzakatvataH // 15 // kaH punarayaM niyogo nAma niyuktohamanena vAkyeneti niravazeSo yogo niyogastatra manAgapyayogAzaMkAyAH sNbhvaabhaavaat| sa cAnekadhA, keSAMcilliGAdipratyayArthaH zuddho'nyanirapekSa: kAryarUpo niyoga iti matam // bhAvArtha - avagraha, IhA, avAya, dhAraNA, mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA, svArthAnumAna ina matijJAnoM meM sahaja viparyayarUpa saMzaya, bhrAnti, anadhyavasAya hote haiN| kyoMki gRhIta mithyAdarzana ke samAna jAnabUjhakara viparIta jAna lenA aise mithyAdRSTiyoM ke AhAryaviparyaya to kuzrutajJAnoM meM hI sambhava haiN| hiMsA, corI, vyabhicAra ko burA jAnate hue bhI kuguru yA mithyAzAstroM ke upadeza dvArA acchA samajhane laga jAte haiN| mithyAtva, kaSAya, mithyAsaMskAra, indriyalolupatA Adi kAraNoM se jIvoM kI pravRtti viparyayajJAmoM kI ora jhuka jAtI hai| ataH zrutajJAna ke AhArya aura sahaja donoM viparyaya hote haiM, tathA matijJAna ke sahaja hI viparyaya ho sakate haiN| tathA hetu kI sAdhya ke sAtha abheda vivakSA karane para hetu se utpanna huA sAdhyajJAna to matijJAnarUpa anumAna hai aura hetu se sAdhya kA arthAntarabhAva hone para hetu se utpanna sAdhyajJAna zrutajJAnarUpa anumAna hai| svArthAnumAna ko matijJAna aura parArthAnumAna ko zrutajJAnasvarUpa bhI kaha sakate haiN| aba isa samaya zrutajJAna ke vizeSa rUpa vAkyArthajJAna ke AhArya viparyaya ko dikhalAte hue granthakAra kahate haiM - kinhIM prabhAkara mImAMsakoM ke dvArA vidhiliMga lakArAnta vAkyoM kA arthaniyoga mAnA jAtA hai| aura kinhIM bhaTTa mImAMsakoM ke dvArA vAkya kA artha ekAntarUpa se bhAvanA mAnA jA rahA hai| tathA kinhIM brahmAdvaitavAdiyoM ke dvArA sattAmAtra zuddha dhAtvartha vidhi ko hI vidhiliGanta vAkya kA artha svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| athavA bauddhoM ke dvArA vacana kA artha anyApoha iSTa kiyA jAtA hai| prabhAkaroM ne niyoga ke yaMtrArUr3ha puruSa Adi 11 bheda mAne haiN| parantu prabhAkara, kumArila bhaTTa, brahmAdvaitavAdI, Adi ko jisa samaya svakIyamatAnusAra una vAkyoM kA jJAna ho rahA hai, usa samaya vaha jJAna, kuzrutajJAna yA zrutajJAnAbhAsa hai| kyoMki jaisA ve vAkya kA artha karate haiM, usa prakAra vAkya artha ke nirNaya kA vidhAna karane ke lie unakI azakyatA hai| arthAt-niyoga, bhAvanA Adi ko vAkya kA artha kaise bhI nirNaya nahIM kara sakate haiM / / 94-95 / / yaha prabhAkara mImAMsakoM dvArA mAnA gayA niyoga nAmakA kyA padArtha hai? isa prakAra jijJAsA hone para mImAMsaka kahate haiM ki maiM isa vAkya ke dvArA amuka karma karane meM niyukta ho gayA huuN| isa prakAra 'ni' yAnI niravazeSa tathA 'yoga' yAnI mana, vacana, kAya aura AtmA kI ekAgratA hokara pravRtti ho jAnA niyoga hai| niyukta kiye gaye vyakti kA niyojyakarma meM paripUrNa yoga laga rahA hai| usameM atyalpa bhI yoga nahIM lagane kI AzaMkA kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 91 pratyayArthI niyogazca yataH zuddhaH prtiiyte| kAryarUpazca tenAtra zuddha kAryamasau yataH // 16 // vizeSaNaM tu yattasya kiMcidanyatpratIyate / pratyayArtho na tadyuktaH dhAtvartha: svargakAmavat // 97 / / prerakatvaM tu yattasya vishessnnmihessyte| tasyApratyayavAcyatvAta zaddhe kArye niyogatA // 9 // pareSAM zuddhA preraNA niyoga ityaashyH| preraNaiva niyogotra zuddhA sarvatra gmyte| nAprerito yataH kazciniyuktaM svaM prabudhyate // 19 // preraNAsahitaM kAryaM niyoga iti kecinmnyte| mamedaM kAryamityevaM jJAtaM pUrvaM yadA bhavet / svasiddhyai prerakaM tatsyAdanyathA tanna siddhyati // 100 // vaha niyoga aneka prakAra kA hai| mImAMsakoM ke prabhAkara, bhaTTa, murAri ye tIna bheda haiN| prAbhAkaroM kI bhI aneka zAkhAe~ haiN| ata: kinhIM prAbhAkaroM ke yahA~ 'ajet' 'dhinuyAt' Adi meM par3e hue liG pratyaya aura gacchatu, yajatAm Adi meM par3e hue loT pratyaya athavA yaSTavyaM, zrotavyaM Adi meM par3e hue tavyapratyaya kA artha to anya dhAtvartha svargakAma, AtmA Adi kI nahIM apekSA rakhatA huA zuddha kAryasvarUpa hI niyoga hai| aisA mAnA hai| . kyoMki pratyayoM kA artha zuddha kAryasvarUpa niyoga pratIta hotA hai| ata: yaha niyoga zuddha kAryasvarUpa mAnA gayA hai| usa niyoga kA jo kucha bhI anya vizeSaNa pratIta hotA hai, vaha liG Adi pratyayoMkA artha mAnA jAya yaha to yuktipUrNa nahIM hai| jaise ki yaji, paci Adi dhAtuoM ke artha zuddha yAga, pAka hai| svarga kI abhilASA rakhane vAlA yA tRpti kI kAmanA karane vAlA to dhAtvartha nahIM hai| usa niyoga kA vizeSaNa jo prerakapanA yahA~ mAnA gayA hai, vaha to pratyayoM kA vAcya artha nahIM hai| isa kAraNa zuddha kArya meM niyogapanA abhISTa kiyA gayA hai| yaha prathama niyoga kA artha hai|96-97-98 // dUsare mImAMsakoM kA yaha kathana hai ki zuddha preraNA karanA hI niyoga hai| vaha niyoga pratyaya kA artha isa prakaraNa meM sarvatra zuddha preraNArUpa niyoga hI vAkya dvArA jAnA jAtA hai| kyoMki preraNArahita koI bhI prANI apane ko niyukta nahIM samajha sakatA yadyapi niyukta aura prerita samAnArthaka hai tathApi niyoga kA artha zuddha preraNA arthApatti se jJAta kara liyA jAtA hai| yaha dUsarA niyoga hai|99|| koI prabhAkaramatAnuyAyI mImAMsaka preraNA se sahita kArya hI niyoga hai, aisA mAnate haiM - yaha merA karttavya kArya hai isa prakAra jaba pahile jJAta ho jAtA hai, tabhI to vaha vAkya apane vAkya artha yajJakarma kI siddhi karAne ke lie zrotA puruSa kA preraka ho skegaa| anyathA yAnI merA yaha karttavya hai, isa prakAra jJAna nahIM hone para vaha vAkya preraka siddha nahIM hotA hai| ata: akelI preraNA yA zuddha kArya niyoga nahIM hai| kintu preraNA se sahita huA kArya niyoga hai| yaha tIsarA prakAra huaa||100|| apara mImAMsaka kahate haiM ki kArya se sahita ho rahI preraNA niyoga hai, arthAt pahile tRtIya pakSa meM kArya kI. pradhAnatA thI, aba preraNA kI mukhyatA hai, yahA~ para bhI vizeSaNa ko gauNa aura usase sahita vizeSya ko mukhya jAna lenA caahie|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 92 kAryasahitA preraNA niyoga ityapare / preryate puruSo naiva kAryeNeha vinA kvacit / tatazcetpreraNA proktA niyogaH kAryasaMgatA // 10 // kAryasyaivopacArataH pravartakatvaM niyoga ityanye / preraNAviSayaH kAryaM na tu tatprerakaM svtH| vyApArastu pramANasya prameya upacaryate // 102 // kAryapreraNayoH saMbaMdho niyoga ityapare / preraNA hi vinA kArya prerikA naiva kasyacit / kAryapreraNayoryogo niyogastena smmtH|103|| tatsamudAyo niyoga iti caapre| parasparAvinAbhUtaM dvymettprtiiyte| niyogaH smudaayosmaatkaaryprernnyormtH||104|| tadubhayasvabhAvanirmukto niyoga iti caanye| siddhamekaM yato brahmagatamAmnAyataH sdaa| siddhatvena ca tatkAryaM prerakaM kuta eva tat // 105 // isa jagat meM koI bhI puruSa kattavyapane ko jAne binA kisI bhI kArya ko karane meM prerita ho rahA nahIM pAyA jAtA hai ata: kArya se sahita ho rahI preraNA hI yahA~ acchA niyoga kahI gayI hai, yaha niyoga kA caturtha prakAra hai||101|| aba koI anya mImAMsaka kaha rahe haiM ki upacAra se kArya kA hI pravartakapanA niyoga hai| vedavAkyajanya yAgAnukUla vyApArasvarUpa preraNA hai| yajJa karanA, pUjana karanA Adi kArya usa preraNA ke karttavya viSaya haiM vaha kArya svayaM apane Apa se yaSTA kA preraka nahIM hai| kintu pramANa ke vyApAra kA upacAra prameya meM kara diyA jAtA hai||102|| __yogarUpakArya aura preraNA kA sambandha ho jAnA niyoga hai| isa prakAra itara mImAMsaka kahate haiN| kyoMki preraNA becArI kArya ke binA kisI bhI puruSa ko preraNA karAne vAlI nahIM hotI hai| ata: kArya aura preraNA kA sambandha ho jAnA hI niyoga sammata kiyA gayA hai| yaha chaThA niyoga hai // 103 // una kArya aura preraNA kA samudAya ho jAnA niyoga hai| isa prakAra koI mImAMsaka kahate haiM - paraspara meM avinAbhAva ko prApta hokara mile hue kArya aura preraNA donoM hI ekameka pratIta ho rahe haiN| isa kAraNa kArya aura preraNA kA samudAya yahA~ niyoga mAnA gayA hai| yaha sAtavA~ prakAra hai||104|| una kArya aura preraNA donoM svabhAvoM se vinirmukta ho rahA niyoga hai| isa prakAra koI anya vidvAn kaha rahe haiN| vedavAkyoM dvArA sadA prasiddha, eka brahma tattva hai,jabaki paramAtmA anAdikAla se siddha hai, ata: vaha kisI kA kArya kaise ho sakatA hai| preraka to vaha kaise bhI nahIM ho sakatA hai, ata: kArya aura preraNA ina donoM svabhAvoM se rahita niyoga hai| niyoga kA yaha AThavA~ vidhAna hai||105||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 93 yaMtrArUDho niyoga iti kazcit / kAmI yatraiva yaH kazcinniyoge sati tatra sH| viSayArUDhamAtmAnaM manyamAnaH pravartate // 106 // bhogyarUpo niyoga ityprH|| mamedaM bhogyamityevaM bhogyarUpaM pratIyate / mamatvena ca vijJAnaM bhoktaryeva vyavasthitam // 107 // svAmitvenAbhimAno hi bhokturyatra bhavedayaM / bhogyaM tadeva vijJeyaM tadevaM svaM nirucyte||108|| sAdhyarUpatayA yena mamedamiti gmyte| tatprasAdhyena rUpeNa bhogyaM svaM vypdishyte||109|| siddharUpaM hi yadbhogyaM na niyogaH sa taavtaa| sAdhyatveneha bhogyasya prerakatvAnniyogatA // 110 // puruSa eva niyoga itynyH| mamedaM kAryamityevaM manyate puruSaH sadA / puMsaH kAryaviziSTatvaM niyogaH syaadbaadhitH||111|| kAryasya siddhau jAtAyAM tadyuktaH purussstdaa| bhavetsAdhita ityevaM pumAn vAkyArtha ucyte||112|| yaMtra meM ArUr3ha hone ke samAna yAga Adi kArya meM ArUr3ha ho jAnA niyoga hai| isa prakAra koI mImAMsaka kaha rahA hai| ___ jo bhI koI jIva jisa svarga Adi viSaya meM tIvra abhilASA rakhane vAlA hotA hai, vaha jIva usa kArya ke karane meM niyoga ho jAne para apane ko yAga Adi viSayoM meM ArUr3ha mAna kara pravRtta ho jAtA hai yaha nauvA~ vidhAna hai|||106|| ___kArya kara cukane para bhaviSya meM jo bhogyasvarUpa ho jAtA hai, vahI vAkya kA artha niyoga hai, aisA koI anya kaha rahA hai - .. kisI upayogI vAkya ko sunakara merA yaha bhogya hai, isa prakAra bhogyasvarUpa kI pratIti ho jAtI hai| usa bhogyasvarUpa meM merepana se jo vijJAna hotA hai vaha bhoktA AtmA meM hI vyavasthita ho rahA hai, bhoktA AtmA kA jisa viSaya meM svAmitvakA abhiprAya hotA hai arthAt jisakA vaha svAmI hai, vahI padArtha bhogya samajhanA caahie| vAstava meM to vaha AtmA kA svarUpa hI sva zabda ke dvArA vAcya kiyA jAtA hai| AtmA apane svabhAvoM kA bhoktA hai, mere dvArA yaha kArya sAdhya hai| isa prakAra sAdhane yogya svarUpa se jisa puruSa ke dvArA yaha jAnaliyA jAtA hai, vaha sAdhyarUpa se nija svarUpa bhogya kaha diyA jAtA hai, jo AtmA kA svarUpa vaha bhogya hai| utane mAtra se vaha niyoga nahIM hai| kyoMki bhaviSya meM sAdhane yogyapane se yahA~ bhogya kI vyavasthA hai, jo svarUpa bhaviSya meM bhogane yogya hogaa| ata: prerakapane se bhogya ko niyogapanA iSTa kiyA hai, arthAt - bhaviSya meM karane yogya jyotiSToma Adi yajJoM se viziSTa AtmA kA svarUpa bhogya hai| ataH bhogya svarUpa niyoga hai, yaha dasavA~ prakAra niyoga kA hai||106-110|| AtmA hI niyoga hai, isa prakAra koI anya prabhAkara kaha rahA hai- yaha merA kArya hai, isa prakAra AtmA sarvadA mAnatA rahatA hai ataH puruSakA kArya se viziSTapanA hI abAdhita niyoga hai| yaha niyoga vidhiliG kA vAcya artha hai| ata: kAryase yukta puruSa hI vAkya kA artha kahA gayA hai| yaha niyoga kA gyArahavA~ bheda hai||111-112||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 94 so'yamekAdazavikalpo niyoga eva vAkyArtha ityekAMto viparyaya: prabhAkarasya tasya sarvasyApyekAdazabhedasya pratyekaM pramANAdyaSTavikalpAnatikramAt / yaduktaM pramANaM kiM niyoga: syAtprameyamathavA punaH / ubhayena vihIno vA dvayarUpothavA punH||113|| zabdavyApArarUpo vA vyApAraH puruSasya vaa| dvayavyApArarUpo vA dvayAvyApAra eva vA // 114 // tatraikAdazabhedopi niyogo yadi pramANaM tadA vidhireva vAkyArtha iti vedAMtavAdapraveza: prabhAkarasya syAt yaha pUrvokta prakAra gyAraha bheda vAlA niyoga hI vAkya kA artha hai| isa prakAra prabhAkaroM kA ekAntarUpa se Agraha karanA nirA viparyayajJAna hai| kyoMki una gyArahoM bheda vAle bhI sabhI niyogoM kA pratyeka meM pramANa, prameya Adi ATha vikalpoM ke dvArA atikramaNa nahIM ho sakatA hai| arthAt gyArahoM bhI niyogoM meM pratyeka kA pramANa, prameya Adi vikalpa uThAkara vicAra kiyA jAegA to ve ThIka-ThIka rUpa se vyavasthita nahIM ho sakate haiM, jo hI vidvAnoM ne kahA hai| prabhAkaroM ke prati bhaTTa matAnuyAyI pUchate haiM ki tumhArA mAnA huA vaha niyoga kyA pramANa rUpa hai? yA prameyarUpa hai? athavA kyA phira pramANaprameya donoM se rahita hai? athavA kyA punaH pramANaprameya donoM svarUpa hai? athavA kyA zabda ke vyApArasvarUpa hai? tathA kyA puruSa ke vyApArasvarUpa hai? athavA kyA zabda aura puruSa donoM kA milA huA vyApAra hai? athavA kyA zabda aura puruSa ke vyApAroM se rahita niyoga kA svarUpa hai? // 113-114 // yahA~ zrI vidyAnanda AcArya niyogavAdI prabhAkaroM ke mata kA bhaTTa mImAMsakoM ke dvArA khaMDana karA dete hai| bhATTa kahate haiM ki gyAraha bhedavAlA niyoga yadi una ATha bhedoM se pahilA bheda pramANa svarUpa hai, taba to karttavya artha kA upadeza yA zuddha sanmAtrasvarUpa vidhi hI vAkya kA artha hai| isa prakAra prabhAkara ke yahA~ brahmAdvaita ko kahane vAle vedAntavAda kA praveza hotA hai| kyoMki pramANa to caitanyAtmaka hai aura citsvarUpa AtmA kevala pratibhAsamaya hai aura vaha zuddha pratibhAsa to brahmamaya hai| kevala pratibhAsa se pRthak koI vidhi ghaTAdika ke samAna kAryarUpa se pratIta nahIM hotI hai| ghaTa, paTa pustaka Adi jaise kAryarUpa se pratIta hote haiM, vaisI vidhi kAryarUpa nahIM dIkha rahI hai| athavA vacana, aMgulI dvArA saMketa Adi ke samAna preraka rUpa se bhI vidhi nahIM jAnI jAtI hai| ye vyatireka dRSTAnta haiM, arthAt - vacana ceSTA Adi jaise loka meM preraka mAne gaye haiM, vaisI pratibhAsarUpa vidhi preraNA karane vAlI nahIM hai| karma ko aura karaNa ko vAcya artha sAdhane vAle ke dvArA yadi vidhi kI pratIti hotI hai taba to vidhi meM kAryapana yA prerakapana ke dvArA jJAna honA ucita hotaa| anyathA (karma sAdhana yA kAraNasAdhana rUpa ke binA hI) zuddha sanmAtra vidhi kI pratIti ho jAne para to kAryapana yA prerakapana kA jJAna karanA ucita nahIM hai| arthAt jo kiyA jAya vaha karma hai, jaise ghaTa-paTa Adi aura svakRtya meM puruSa ke dvArA prerA jAya ve vacana Adi preraka karaNa haiN| kintu "vidhIyate yat yA vidhIyate'nena' isa prakAra nirukti karake vidhi zabda nahIM siddha hotA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 95 pramANasya cidAtmakatvAt, cidAtmanaH pratibhAsamAtratvAttasya ca parabrahmatvAt / pratibhAsamAtrAddhi pRthagvidhiH kAryatayA na pratIyate ghaTAdivat prerakatayA vacanAdivat / karmakaraNasAdhanatayA ca hi tatpratItau kAryatAprerakatApratyayo yukto naanythaa| kiM tarhi, draSTavyo're'yamAtmA zrotavyo'numaMtavyo nididhyAsitavya ityAdi zravaNAdavasthAMtaravilakSaNena preritohamiti jAtAkUtenAkAraNaiva svayamAtmaiva pratibhAti sa eva vidhiriti vedaaNtvaadibhirbhidhaanaat| prameyatvaM tarhi niyogasyAstu pramANatve doSAbhidhAnAt iti kazcit / tadasat, pramANavacanAbhAvAt / prameyatve hi tasya pramANamanyadvAcya, tadabhAve kvcitprmeytvaayogaat| zrutivAkyaM pramANamiti cenna tasyAcidAtmakatve prmaanntvaaghttnaadnytropcaaraat| saMvidAtmakatve zrutivAkyasya puruSa eva taditi sa eva pramANaM ttsNvednvivrtshc| niyuktohamityabhidhAnarUpo niyogaH prameya iti nAyaM puruSAdanyaH pratIyate yato vedAMtavAdimatAnupravezo'sminnapi pakSe na saMbhavet / pramANaprameyasvabhAvo niyoga iticet siddhastarhi cidvivartAsau prmaannruuptaanythaanupptteH| tathA ca sa eva cidAtmobhayasvabhAvatayAtmAnamAdarzayan niyoga iti zaMkA - vidhi kyA hai? samAdhAna - isakA uttara yaha hai ki are! yaha AtmA darzana karane yogya hai| pahile AtmA kA vedavAkyoM dvArA zravaNa karanA caahie| tabhI brahma jJAna meM tatparatA ho sakatI hai| punaH zruta AtmA kA yuktiyoM se vicAra kara anumanana karanA caahie| zravaNa aura manana se nizcita kiye gaye artha kA mana se paricintana karanA caahie| athavA "tattvamasi' vaha prasiddha parabrahmA tU hai ityAdi vaidika zabdoM ke zravaNa se maiM pahalI adarzana, azravaNa Adi kI avasthAoM kI apekSA vilakSaNa ho rahI dUsarI avasthAoM ke dvArA isa samaya prerita ho gayA huuN| isa prakAra 'aham' kA darzana Adi dvArA pratyakSa karAne vAlI utpanna huI AkAravAlI ceSTA karake svayaM AtmA hI pratibhAsita hai, vaha AtmA hI to vidhi hai| isa prakAra vedAntavAdiyoM ne kathana kiyA hai| . dvitIyapakSAnusAra niyoga ko pramANapanA mAnane para doSoM kA kathana hone para to niyoga ko prameyatva siddha hotA hai| isa prakAra koI kaha rahA hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki usakA yaha kathana bhI asatya hai kyoMki pramANa ke vacana kA abhAva hai| arthAt pramANa ke abhAva se prameyatva nahIM siddha ho sakatA, usa niyoga ko prameyapanA mAnane para to usakA grAhaka anya kahanA hI caahie| kyoMki usa pramANa ke binA kisI bhI padArtha meM prameyapana kA yoga nahIM ho sakatA hai| tathA zrutivAkyoM ko pramANa kahanA ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki vacana jar3a hote haiM, tathApi upacAra se vacanoM ko pramANa kaha diyAjAtA hai| upacAra ke sivAya una vedavAkyoM ko caitanyAtmakapanA va mukhyarUpa se pramANapanA ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA hai| yadi vedavAkyoM ko caitanya Atmaka mAnA jAyegA, taba to parabrahma hI zrutivAkya hogA, brahma hI pramANa hogA aura usakI caitanyasvarUpa paryAyeM to "maiM sva meM niyukta ho gayA hU~" isa prakAra kathana karanA svarUpa niyoga prameya ho gyaa| isa prakAra yaha prameya to parabrahma se pRthak pratIta nahIM ho rahA hai| jisase ki isa prameyarUpa dUsare pakSa meM bhI vedAntavAdiyoM
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 96 sa eva brhmvaadH| anubhayasvabhAvo niyoga iti cet tarhi saMvedanamAtrameva pAramArthikaM tasya kadAcidaheyatvAt tathAvidhatvasaMbhavAt sanmAtradehatayA nirUpitatvAditi vedAMtavAda ev| zabdavyApAro niyoga iti cet bhaTTamatapravezaH, zabdavyApArasya shbdbhaavnaaruuptvaat| puruSavyApAro niyoga iti cet, sa eva doSa: tasyApi bhAvanArUpatvAt; zabdAtmavyApArarUpeNa bhAvanAyA dvaividhyaabhidhaanaat| tadubhayarUpo niyoga ityanenaiva vyaakhyaatN| tadanubhayavyApArarUpatve tanniyogasya viSayasvabhAvatA, phalasvabhAvatA, ni:svabhAvatA, vA syAt? prathamapakSe yAgAdiviSayasyAgniSTomAdivAkyakAle virahAt tadrUpasya niyogasyAsaMbhava ev| saMbhave vA na vAkyArtho ke mata kA praveza sambhava nA ho? apitu vedAntavAda ke mata kA praveza sambhava hai| tRtIya pakSa ke anusAra pramANa aura prameya donoM svabhAva vAlA niyoga hai| aisA kahane para to niyoga caitanya parabrahma kA pariNAma siddha ho jAtA hai| anyathA niyoga kA pramANapanA nahIM bana sktaa| arthAt jo vastu pramANa prameya ubhayarUpa hai, vaha caitanyAtmaka avazya hai| aura usa prakAra hone para vaha sat cid AnaMda svarUpa AtmA hI pramANa prameya ina ubhaya svabhAvoM se apane ko dikhalAtI huI niyogasvarUpa ho rahI hai| isa prakAra vahI brahma advaitavAda kA anusaraNa karanA prAbhAkaroM ke lie prApta hotA hai| caturthapakSa ke anusAra yadi pramANa prameya donoM svabhAvoM se rahita niyoga mAnA jAyegA taba to kevala zuddha saMvedana hI vAstavika padArtha siddha hotA hai| kyoMki kisI bhI kAla meM vaha zuddhasaMvedana tyAgane yogya nahIM hai| tathA sarvadA pramANapana, prameyapana upAdhiyoM se rahita hotA huA zuddha pratibhAsa hI sambhava hai| kevala sat svarUpa se zarIra ko dhArane vAle ke dvArA usa pratibhAsa kA hI nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra prAbhAkaroM ke yahA~ vedAntavAda hI ghusa jAtA hai| pA~caveM pakSa ke anusAra "agniSTomena svargakAmo yajet" svargaprApti kI abhilASA rakhane vAlA jIva agniSToma karake yajJa kare, ityAdi zabdoM ke vyApAra svarUpa niyogaM hai, taba to kumArila bhaTTa ke mata kA praveza ho jAtA hai| kyoMki bhaTTa ne zabda ke vyApAra ko hI zabda kI bhAvanA svIkAra kI hai| - chaThe pakSa ke anusAra yadi AtmA ke vyApAra ko niyoga mAneMge taba bhI vahI doSa hogaa| yAnI prAbhAkaroM ko bhaTTa mata kA anusaraNa karanA hogaa| kyoMki puruSa kA vyApAra bhI bhAvanAsvarUpa hai| bhaTToM ne zabda vyApAra aura AtmavyApAra svarUpa se bhAvanA kA do prakAra se kathana kiyA hai| sAtaveM pakSa ke anusAra -yadi zabda aura puruSa mile hue donoM ke vyApAra svarUpa niyoga ko mAneMge to vaha unakA vaktavya bhI isa ukta kathana se vyAkhyAyita kara diyA gayA hai| aSTama pakSa ke anusAra prabhAkara dvArA usa niyoga ko zabda vyApAra aura puruSavyApAra donoM se rahita mAnane para bhATTa prazna kareMge ki kyA vahA~ usa niyoga meM yajJa Adi karmarUpa viSaya svabhAva hai? yA svarga Adi phalasvabhAva hai? athavA prasajyapakSa ko aMgIkAra karane para vaha niyoga sabhI svabhAvoM se rahita hai? pahilA pakSa lene para to agniSToma karake yAga karanA caahie| isa vAkya uccAraNa ke samaya meM yAga Adi viSayoM kA abhAva hai| ataH yajJasvarUpa niyoga kI bhI sambhAvanA nahIM hai| aura yadi bhaviSya meM hone vAle yajJa kI
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 97 niyogastasya niSpAdanArthatvAt niSpannasya niSpAdanAyogAt purussaadivt| dvitIye pakSepi nAsau niyoga: phalasya bhAvatvena niyogatvAghaTanAt tadA tsyaasNnidhaanaacc| tasya vAkyArthatve nirAlaMbanazabdavAdAzrayaNAtkutaH prabhAkaramatasiddhiH? ni:svabhAvatve niyogasyAyameva dossH| kiM ca, san vA niyogaH syAdasan vA? prathamapakSe vidhivAda eva dvitIye nirAlaMbanavAda iti na niyogo vAkyArthaH saMbhavati; parasya vicArAsaMbhavAt / tathA bhAvanA vAkyArtha ityekAMtopi viparyayastathA vyvsthaapyitumshkteH| bhAvanA hi dvividhA zabdabhAvanA arthabhAvanA ceti "zabdAtmabhAvanAmAhuranyAmeva liGAdayaH / iyaM tvanyaiva sarvArthA sarvAkhyAteSu vidyate" iti vacanAt / atra vartamAna meM sambhAvanA mAnI jAyegI to vAkya kA artha niyoga nahIM huA, kyoMki vaha niyoga to karttavyakAryoM ko bhaviSya meM banAne ke lie huA karatA hai| jo kiyA jAkara bana cukA hai, usakA punaH banAnA nahIM hotA ceung jaise ki anAdikAla ke bane hue nityadravya, AtmA, AkAza Adi nahIM banAye jAte haiN| dvitIya pakSa ke grahaNa karane para bhI vaha niyoga svarga Adi phalasvarUpa nahIM ghaTita ho sakatA hai| kyoMki usa vAkya uccAraNa ke samaya usa svargaphala Adi kA sannidhAna nahIM hai| ata: usa avidyamAna phala ko yadi usa vAkya kA phala mAnoge to nirAlambana zabda ke pakSaparigraha kA Azraya karalene se bauddha mata kA prasaMga AyegA tathA prabhAkara ke mata kI siddhi kaise ho sakegI? tRtIya pakSa ke anusAra niyoga ko sabhI svabhAvoM se rahita mAnA jAyegA to bhI yahI doSa lAgU rhegaa| arthAt svabhAvoM se rahita niyoga khara viSANa ke samAna asat hai| isa prakAra AThoM pakSoM meM niyoga kI vyavasthA nahIM bana sktii| vaha niyoga sat rUpa hai yA asat rUpa hai? prathamapakSa lene para brahmAdvaitavAdiyoM ke vidhivAda kA prasaMga AtA hai, kyoMki sat, brahma, pratibhAsa, vidhi inakA eka hI artha mAnA gayA hai| yadi dvitIya pakSa lete haiM to niyoga asat padArtha mAnA jAyegA aura taba nirAlambanavAda kA Azraya karanA par3egA arthAt asat niyoga kabhI vAkya kA artha nahIM ho sakatA hai| . isa prakAra paraspara vicAroM kI asambhavatA hone se vidhiliGantavAkyoM kA artha niyoga karanA sambhava nahIM hai| jo vAkya kA artha niyoga kara rahA hai, usake AhArya kuzrutajJAna hai| "vAkya kA artha bhAvanA hI hai" isa prakAra kA ekAnta bhI viparyayajJAna hai kyoMki isa prakAra vAkya ke vAcya artha bhAvanA kI vyavasthA karAne ke lie bhATToM kA sAmarthya nahIM hai| bhATToM ke yahA~ zabda bhAvanA aura arthabhAvanA ke bheda se bhAvanA do prakAra kI mAnI gayI hai| unake granthoM meM ukti hai ki liG, loT, tavya, ye pratyaya ke artha ho rahI bhAvanA se bhinna hI zabda bhAvanA aura artha bhAvanA ko kaha rahe haiN| arthAt sampUrNa arthoM meM sthita karotyartha rUpa arthabhAvanA to zabdabhAvanA se bhinna hI haiM jo ki gacchati, pacati, yajati ityAdi sampUrNa tiGanta AkhyAtoM meM vidyamAna hai| aisI artha bhAvanA zabdabhAvanA se bhinna honI hI caahie| ina do bhAvanAoM meM zabda bhAvanA to zabda kA vyApAra svarUpa par3atI hai| kyoMki zabda ke dvArA puruSa kA vyApAra bhAvita kiyA jAtA hai aura puruSa vyApAra ke dvArA yaj pac Adi dhAtuoM kA artha bhAvanAgrasta
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 98 zabdabhAvanA zabdavyApArastatra zabdena puruSavyApAro bhAvyate, puruSavyApAreNa dhAtvartho dhAtvarthena ca phalamiti zabdabhAvanAvAdino mataM, tacca na yujyate zabdavyApArasya zabdArthatvAyogAt / na hyagniSTomena yajeta svargakAma iti zabdAttadvyApAra evaM pratibhAti svayamekasya pratipAdyapratipAdakatvavirodhAt / pratipAdakasya siddharUpatvAtpratipAdyasya cAsiddhasya tathAtvasiddherekasya ca skRtprsiddhtrruuptvaasNbhvaattdvirodhH| zabdasvarUpamapi zrotrajJAne'rpayatIti tasya pratipAdakatvAvirodhe rUpAdayopi svasya pratipAdakAH saMtu cakSurAdijJAne svarUpAdayopya'rpaNAdvizeSAbhAvAt / svAbhidheyapratipAdakatvasamarpaNAt / pratipAdakaH zabdo na rUpAdaya iti cAyuktikaM, zabdasya svAbhidheyapratipAdakatvasamarpaNe svayaM prasiddha propdeshaanrthkyprsNgaat| svata eva zabdena mamedamabhidheyamiti prtipaadnaat| puruSasaMketabalAtsvAbhidheyapratipAdanavyApAramAtmanaH zabdo nivedayatIti cet, kiyA jAtA hai| tathA dhAtu artha ke dvArA phala bhAvita kiyA jAtA hai| yaha zabda bhAvanAvAdI bhATToM kA mata hai, parantu yaha yukta nahIM kyoMki zabda ke vyApAra ko zabda kA arthapanA ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| svarga' kI abhilASA karane vAlA anuSThAtA agniSToma karake yajJa kre|| isa prakAra ke zabda se usa zabda kA vyApAra hI pratibhAsita nahIM hotaa| vahI zabda apane hI vyApAra kA pratibhAsaka kaise ho sakatA hai? eka hI zabda ko svayaM pratipAdyapana aura pratipAdakapana kA virodha hai| arthAt zabda kA hI zarIra svayaM pratipAdya aura svayaM usa apane svarUpa kA pratipAdaka nahIM hotA hai| jabaki pratipAdaka zabda kA svarUpa uccAraNa kAla meM prathama se hI banA banAyA siddha hai| aura bhaviSya meM pravartane yogya pratipAdya viSaya kA svarUpa to taba asiddha hai| isa prakAra pratipAdakapana pratipAdyapana kI vyavasthA ho jAne se eka hI padArtha ke eka hI samaya prasiddhapana aura usase bhinna asiddhapana svarUpa kA asambhava hojAne se zabda meM usa pratipAdya aura pratipAdakapana kA virodha hai| zabdabhAvanAvAdI bhATTa kA kathana hai ki zabda apane svarUpa ko bhI zrotrajJAna meM arpaNa kara detA hai| ataH vaha zabda apane bhAvanA svarUpa kA pratipAdaka ho jAtA hai| isameM koI virodha nahIM aataa| isa para AcArya kahate haiM ki taba to rUpa, rasa Adi bhI apane-apane svarUpoM ke pratipAdaka ho jaayeNge| kyoMki, cakSu, rasanA Adi indriyajanyajJAna meM viSayatA ke sambandha se rUpa rasa Adi ne bhI apanA svarUpa arpaNa kara diyA hai| svakIya jJAnoM meM apane svarUpa kA samarpaNa kara dene kI apekSA zabda aura rUpa, rasa Adi meM koI vizeSatA nahIM hai| bhATTa-zabda apane abhidheya artha ke pratipAdakapana ko samarpaNa kara detA hai| ata: zabda to apane svarUpa kA pratipAdaka hai. kintu rUpa Adi vaise nahIM haiN| bhATToM kA aisA kahanA bhI yuktizUnya hai| kyoMki zabda kA yadi abhidheya kI pratipAdakatA kA samarpaNa karanA svayaM prasiddha hotA to para ke dvArA upadeza denA, Adi ke vyarthapana kA prasaMga AtA hai| kyoMki zrotAoM ke prati "merA yaha pratipAdya artha hai" ina zabdoM ke dvArA svataH hI kaha diyA gayA hai| "isa zabda kA yaha artha hai" - isa prakAra vRddha vyavahAra dvArA zabdoM ke vAcyArthoM ko samajhAne vAle izAroM ko saMketa kahate haiN| zabda apane vAcyArtha kA pratipAdana karanA rUpa apane vyApAra ko puruSa ke dvArA kiye gaye saMketa grahaNa kI zakti se nivedana kara detA hai| isa prakAra bhATToM ke kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki jisa artha meM zabda kA saMketa grahaNa ho cukA hai, puruSa ke abhiprAya meM prApta usa artha kA pratipAdakapanA usa zabda kA vyApAra huaa| isa taraha zabda kA vyApAra to bhAvanA siddha nahIM ho sakatA hai| yadi koI kahe
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 99 tarhi yatrArthe saMketitaH zabdastasyArthasya puruSAbhipretasya pratipAdakatvaM tasya vyApAra iti na zabdavyApAro bhaavnaa| vaktrabhiprAyarUDhArthaH kathaM? tasya tthaabhidhaanaat| tathA ca kathamagniSTomAdivAkyena bhAvakena puruSasya yAgaviSayapravRttilakSaNo vyApAro bhAvyate puruSavyApAreNa vA dhAtvartho yajanakriyAlakSaNo dhAtvarthena phalaM svargAkhyaM, yato bhAvyabhAvakakaraNarUpatayA tryaMzaparipUrNA bhAvanA vibhAvyata iti puruSavyApAro bhAvanetyatrApi puruSo yAgAdinA svargaM bhAvayatIti kthyte| na caivaM dhAtvarthabhAvanA zabdArthaH svrgsyaasNnihittvaat| pratipAdayitRvivakSAbuddhau pratibhAsamAnasya zabdArthatve bauddha eva zabdArtha ityabhimataM syAt / taduktaM / "vaktRvyApAraviSayo yortho buddhau prakAzate / prAmANyaM tatra zabdasya nArthatattvanibaMdhanam / / " iti na bhAvanAvAdAvatAro mImAMsakasya, saugatapravezAnuSaMgAditi / tathA dhAtvartho vAkyArtha ityekAMto viparyayaH zuddhasya bhAvasvabhAvatayA ki vaktA ke abhiprAya meM ArUr3ha artha usa zabda kA kaise mAnA jAya? to isakA uttara yahI hai ki usa prakAra zabda ke dvArA vaha artha kahA jAtA hai| ataH zabda bhAvanA kA nirAkaraNa ho jAne se "agniSToma' Adi kI bhAvanA karAne vAle vAkyoM ke dvArA anuSThAtA puruSa kA yAga viSaya meM pravRtti karAnA svarUpa vyApAra kaise bhAvita ho sakegA aura puruSa vyApAra ke dvArA yAga kriyA karanA svarUpa dhAtu artha kaise bhAvita kiyA jAvegA? tathA dhAtu artha ke dvArA cirakAla meM hone vAlA svarga nAmakA phala kaise bhAvanAyukta kiyA jA sakatA hai? jisase ki bhAvanA karane yogya aura bhAvanA karane vAlA tathA bhAvanA kA karaNa - ina rUpoM dvArA tIna aMzoM se paripUrNa hotI huI bhAvanA kA vicAra kiyA jaataa| athavA tIna aMzavAlI bhAvanA AtmA meM vizeSatayA bhAyI jAtI rahe aisA kahA jA ske| puruSa kA vyApAra bhAvanA hai| isa prakAra bhI bhaTTa mImAMsakoM kA kathana hone para yaSTApuruSa yAga Adi karake svarga kI bhAvanA karatA hai, yaha kahA jAtA hai| kintu isa prakAra dhAtu artha yAga ke dvArA bhAvanA kiyA gayA phala to zabda kA artha nahIM hai| kyoMki zabda kA artha nikaTavartI honA cAhie, aura zabda bolate samaya svarga to sannihita nahIM hai| yadi mImAMsaka yoM kaheM ki yadyapi usa samaya svarga vahA~ vidyamAna nahIM hai, phira bhI vaktA kI vivakSApUrvaka huI buddhi meM svarga pratibhAsita hai| ata: buddhi meM sannihita ho jAne se zabda kA vAcyArtha svarga ho sakatA hai| isa para AcArya kahate haiM ki isa prakAra buddhi meM sthita artha zabda kA vAcyArtha hai| yaha abhimata hotA hai| arthAt - bauddhoM ne vivakSA meM ArUr3ha ho rahe artha se zabda kA vAcakapana mAnA hai| vaha bauddhoM kA mata hI bhATToM ko abhimata huaa| unake grantha meM kahA bhI hai ki vaktA ke vyApAra kA viSaya ho rahA jo artha zrotA kI buddhi meM prakAzita hai, usa hI artha ko kahane meM zabda kI pramANatA hai| vahA~ vidyamAna vAstavika artha tattva ko kAraNa mAnakara zabda kA prAmANya vyavasthita nahIM hai| vaktA dvArA jAnA gayA artha yadi ziSya kI buddhi meM prakAzita ho gayA hai, to usa aMza meM zabda pramANa hai| brAhma artha ho yA nahIM, koI AkAMkSA nhiiN| ata: puruSabhAvanA siddha nahIM huii| yaha mImAMsakoM ke donoM bhAvanAvAdoM kA avatAra honA pramANoM se siddha nahIM hai| kyoMki bauddhamata ke praveza kA prasaMga AtA hai| ataH bhAvanA vAkya kA artha hai, yaha mImAMsakoM kA viparyayajJAna hai, jo AhArya kuzrutajJAna svarUpa hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 100 vidhiruuptvprsNgaat| taduktaM / "sanmAtraM bhAvaliMga syAdasaMpRktaM tu kaarkaiH| dhAtvarthaH kevala: zuddho bhAva ityabhidhIyate // " iti vidhivAda eva, na ca pratyayArthazUnyordhAtvarthaH kutazcidvidhivAkyAt pratIyate tadupAdhereva tasya tataH prtiiteH| pratyayArthastatra pratibhAsamAnopi na pradhAnaM karmAdivadanyatrApi bhAvanAditicet, tarhi dhAtvarthopi pradhAnaM mA bhUt pratyayAMtarepi bhAvAt prakRtapratyayApAyepIti samAnaM pshyaamH| nanvevaM dhAtvarthasya sarvatra pratyayeSvanusyUtatvAt pradhAnatvamiSyata iti cet, pratyayArthasya sarvadhAtvartheSvanugatatvAt pradhAnatvamastu / pratyayArthavizeSa: usI prakAra yaj, pac, Adi dhAtuoM kA pUjanA, pakanA Adi artha hI vAkya kA artha hai, aisA ekAnta karanA bhI viparyayajJAna hai kyoMki zuddha dhAtu kA artha to bhAva svarUpa hai jise brahmAdvaitavAdiyoMke dvArA svIkRta vidhirUpapane kA prasaMga AtA hai| vidhi ko mAnane vAle brahma advaitavAdiyoM ne apane granthoM meM kahA sattAmAtra hI bhAvoM kA jJApaka cihna hai| vaha kartA, karma,Adi kalpita kArakoM se milA haA nahIM hai, anya arthoM se aura apane avAntara viSayoM se rahita jo kevala zuddha dhAtu kA artha hai; vaha bhAva kahA jAtA hai|" arthAt dhAtu aura pratyayoM se rahita ho rahe arthavAna zabda svarUpa kI prAtipAdika saMjJA hai, vidvAnoM ne usa sattA ko hI prAtipAdika kA artha aura dhAtu kA artha kahA hai| vaha prasiddha sattA mahAn parabrahmasvarUpa hai jisako ki tva, tala, aN Adi bhAva pratyaya kahate rahe haiN| isa prakAra dhAtu artha mAnane para to vidhivAda hI prApta hotA hai| tathA pratyaya ke artha saMkhyA, kAraka, inase rahita ho rahA vaha zuddha dhAtu . artha to kisI bhI vidhi vAkya se pratIta nahIM ho rahA hai| kintu usa pratyayArtha rUpa vizeSaNa se sahita ho rahe hI usa dhAtu artha kI usa vidhi liGanta vAkya se pratIti hotI hai| yadyapi vidhi vAkya ke artha meM pratyaya kA artha pratibhAsita hai phira bhI vaha pratyaya kA artha pradhAna nahIM hai| kyoMki karma, karaNa Adi ke samAna anya sthAnoM meM bhI pratyayArtha vidyamAna hai| isa prakAra kahane para AcArya kahate haiM ki taba to dhAtu kA artha bhI vAkya kA pradhAna artha nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki prakaraNa prApta pratyayoM ke nahIM hone para bhI vaha dhAtu artha anya luT, laT, ktvA tRca; Adi dUsare pratyayoM meM bhI vidyamAna hai| isa prakAra hama jaina dhAtu artha aura pratyayArtha ke viSaya meM zaMkA samAdhAnoM ko samAna hI dekhate - punaH vidhivAdI mAnate haiM ki isa prakAra dhAtu artha to sampUrNa hI liG, liT, luT, Adi ke pratyayoM meM ota-prota hone se usake pradhAnapanA mAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra kahane para to pratyaya kA artha bhI sampUrNa yaji, bhU, paci, kR, Adi dhAtuoM ke arthoM meM anugata hone se pradhAna ho jAyegA, isa para advaitavAdI yadi kaheM ki pratyayArtha vizeSa sabhI dhAtu arthoM meM anuyAyI nahIM hai| arthAt - eka vivakSita tip yA tas kA artha to sabhI miS, vas, luT, kti, tal, Adi pratyaya vAle dhAtu arthoM meM anvita nahIM ho rahA hai| isa prakAra kahane para to vizeSa dhAtu artha bhI sampUrNa pratyayArthoM meM anugAmI nahIM hI hai| arthAt yaj dhAtu kA artha paci gami dhAtuoM ke sAtha lage hue pratyayoM ke artha meM ota-prota hokara anugAmI nahIM ho rahA hai? sAmAnyarUpa se dhAtu artha ko sampUrNa pratyaya arthoM meM anuyAyIpana hai| isa kAraNa dhAtu artha aura pratyAyArtha meM anyatra anugama karanA yA nahIM anugama karanA, isa apekSA se koI antara siddha nahIM hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 101 sarvadhAtvarthA nanuyAyIticet, dhAtvarthavizeSopi sarvapratyayArthAnanugAmyeva dhAtvarthasAmAnyasya sarvapratyayArthAnuyAyitvamiti na vishesssiddhiH| tathA vidhirvAkyArtha ityekAMtopi viparyayastasya vicaarymaannsyaayogaat| taddhi vidhiviSayaM vAkyaM guNabhAvena pradhAnabhAvena vA vidhau pramANaM syAt? yadi guNabhAvena tadAgnihotraM juhuyAt svargakAma ityAderapi tadastu, guNabhAvena vidhiviSayatvasya bhAvAt / tatra bhaTTamatAnusAribhirbhAvanAprAdhAnyopagamAt prAbhAkaraizca niyoggocrtvprdhaanaaNgiikrnnaat| tau ca bhAvanAniyogau nAsadviSayau pravartete pratIyete vA sarvathApyasatoH pravRttau pratItau vA zazaviSANAderapi tadanuSakteH sadrUpatayA ca tayorvidhinAMtarIyakatvasiddheH siddhaM guNabhAvena vidhiviSayatvaM vAkyasyeti na pramANatApattervipratipattiH yena karmakAMDasya pAramArthikatA na bhavet / pradhAnabhAvena vidhiviSayaM vedavAkyaM pramANamiti cAyuktaM, vidhe: satyatve dvaitaavtaaraat| tadasatyatve praadhaanyaayogaat| tathAhi-yo yo'satyaH sa sa na pradhAnabhAvamanubhavati, yathA ata: vAkya kA artha.zuddha dhAtu artha nahIM ho sakatA hai| tathA sattAmAtra vidhi hi vidhiliMG vAkya kA artha hai| yaha brahma advaitavAdiyoM kA ekAnta bhI viparyayajJAna hai| kyoMki usa vidhi kA vicAra karane para usakI siddhi hone kA ayoga hai| vidhi ko viSaya karane vAlA vAkya kyA gauNarUpa se vidhi ko jAnatA huA pramANa samajhA jAtA hai? athavA pradhAnarUpa se vidhi kA pratipAdana karane vAlA pramANa vidhi meM pramANa mAnA jAtA hai? prathamapakSa ke anusAra yadi gauNarUpa se vidhi ko kaha rahA vAkya pramANa bana jAyegA, taba to brahmaadvaitavAdiyoM ke yahA~ "svarga kI abhilASA rakhane vAlA puruSa agnihotra pUjana dvArA havana kare" ityAdi karmakANDa ke pratipAdaka vAkyoM ko bhI pramANatA A jaayegii| kyoMki karmakANDa vAkyoM kA artha bhI gauNarUpa se vidhi ko viSaya karatA hai| una karmakANDa vAkyoM meM bhaTTamata kA anusaraNa karane vAle mImAMsakoM ne bhAvanA artha kI pradhAnatA svIkAra kI hai| aura prabhAkara mata ke anusAra una vAkyoM meM pradhAnarUpa se niyoga ko viSaya karanA aMgIkRta kiyA hai| ve bhAvanA aura niyoga donoM asat padArtha ko viSaya karate hue pravRtti nahIM karate haiN| athavA svakarttavya dvArA asat padArtha ko pratIti karAte hue nahIM jAne jAte haiN| sabhI prakAroM se asat ho rahe padArthoM kI pravRtti athavA pratIti honA mAnA jAyegA taba to zazazaMga, gajaviSANa, Adi kI bhI una pravRttiyoM yA pratItiyoM ke ho jAne kA prasaMga AyegA, kyoMki una bhAvanA aura niyoga ko sadpa se vidhi ke sAtha avinAbhAvIpanA siddha hai| ataH prasiddha ho jAtA hai ki karmakANDa pratipAdaka vAkya gauNarUpa se sanmAtra vidhi ko viSaya karate haiN| tathA mImAMsakoM ke jyotiSToma, agniSToma, azvamedha Adi vAkyoM kI pramANatA ke prasaMga kA vivAda nahIM honA caahie| jisase ki karmakANDa vAkyoM ko pAramArthikapanA nahIM ho ske| - pradhAnarUpa se vidhi ko viSaya karane vAle upaniSad vAkya pramANa haiN| aisA kahanA bhI yuktiyoM se rahita hai| kyoMki vAkya ke artha vidhi ko vAstavika rUpa se satya mAnane para to dvaitavAda kA avatAra hotA hai| arthAt - isa kathana se eka vidhi aura dUsarA brahma ye do padArtha mAna liye gaye haiN| yadi usa zrotavya, mantavya Adi kI vidhi ko avastubhUta asatya mAnoge taba to vidhi ko pradhAnapanA ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 102 tadavidyAvilAsaH tathA cAsatyo vidhiriti na pradhAnabhAvena tdvissytoppttiH| syAnmataM, na samyagavadhArita vidhe: svarUpaM bhavatA tsyaivmvyvsthittvaat| pratibhAsamAtrAddhi pRthagvidhi: kAryatayA na pratIyate ghaTAdivat prerakatayA vA vacanAdivat / karmakaraNasAdhanatayA hi tatpratItau kAryatAprerakatApratyayo yukto naanythaa| kiM tarhi draSTavyo're'yamAtmA zrotavyo anumantavyo nididhyAsitavya ityAdi zabdazravaNAdavasthAMtaravilakSaNena preritohamiti jAtAkUtenAkAreNa svayamAtmaiva pratibhAti, sa eva vidhirityucyte| tasya jJAnaviSayatayA saMbaMdhamadhitiSThatIti pradhAnabhAvavibhAvanAvidhirna vihanyate, tathAvidhavedavAkyAdAtmana eva vidhAyakatayA buddhau pratibhAsanAt / tadarzanazravaNAttu manananididhyAsanarUpasya vidhIyamAnatayAnubhavAt / tathA ca svayamAtmAnaM draSTuM zrotumanumaMtu nidhyAtuM vA pravartate, anyathA pravRttyasaMbhavepyAtmanaH preritohamityatra gatirapramANikA syaat| tato nAsatyo vidhiryena hai| usI ko anumAna vAkya dvArA spaSTa karate haiM ki jo-jo asatya hotA hai, vaha-vaha pradhAnapana kA anubhava nahIM karatA hai jaise ki una brahma advaitavAdiyoM ke yahA~ avidyA kA vilAsa asatya hai| ata: usako apradhAna mAnA gayA hai aura usI prakAra kI yaha asatya vidhi hai| ata: usa vidhi ko pradhAnapana se vAkya kA viSaya ho jAnA siddha nahIM hai| apanI uparyukta mAnyatAnusAra advaitavAdI yoM kaheM ki Apa jaina yA mImAMsakoM ne vidhi kA svarUpa bhale prakAra nahIM samajhA hai| jaisA Apa samajhe haiM isa prakAra to usa vidhi kI vyavasthA nahIM hai| kyoMki pratibhAsa sAmAnya se pRthak ghaTAdi ke samAna kAryarUpa se vidhi ghaTita nahIM hotI hai| aura vacana, ceSTA Adi ke samAna prerakarUpa se bhI vidhi ghaTita nahIM hotI hai| vidhIyate yaH sa vidhi: "vidhIyate'nena sa vidhi:" jo vidhAna kiyA jAya, yA jisake dvArA vidhAna kiyA jaay| isa prakAra karmasAdhana yA karaNa sAdhana se usa vidhikI pratIti ho gayI hotI, taba to kAryapana aura prerakapana svarUpa se vidhi kI pratIti karanA yukta hotaa| anyathA to vaisA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA hai taba vidhi kA svarUpa kyA hai? isake uttara meM advaitavAdI kahate haiM ki are saMsArI jIva yaha AtmA darzana karane yogya hai, zravaNa karane yogya hai, manana karane yogya hai, dhyAna karane yogya hai "brahmavid brahmaiva bhavati" brahma ko jAnane vAlA brahmasvarUpa hI ho jAtA hai| ityAdi zabdoM ke sunane se anya avasthAoM se vilakSaNa hokara utpanna huI ceSTA se maiM prerA gayA huuN| isa prakAra svayaM AtmA hI pratibhAsita hotI hai| aura AtmA hI vidhi isa zabda karake kahI jAtI hai| usa vidhi kA jJAna viSayarUpa se sambandha ko prApta ho jAtA hai| arthAt - vidhi kA jJAna, vidhi meM jJAna, ye saba abheda hone se vidhisvarUpa brahma hI hai, ataH vidhi ko pradhAnarUpa se vAkya artha ke vicAra kA vighAta nahIM ho pAtA hai| kyoMki isa prakAra vidhi ko kahane vAle veda vAkyoM se AtmA kA hI vidhAna karttArUpa se buddhi meM pratibhAsita hotA hai| tathA usa AtmA ke darzana, zravaNa, manana aura dhyAnasvarUpoM kA vidhi ke karmarUpa anubhava ho rahA hai| tathA svayaM AtmA hI apane ko dekhane ke lie, sunane ke lie, anumanana karane ke lie aura dhyAna ke lie pravRtta hotI hai| anyathA (isa prakAra abheda se pravRtti honA asambhava hotA to) maiM svayaM AtmA se prerita huA hU~ - isa prakAra pratIti honA aprAmANika ho jaataa| ata: siddha hotA hai ki advaitavAdI dvArA mAnI huI vidhi
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 103 pradhAnatA tasya virudhyetN| nApi satyatve dvaitasiddhiH AtmasvarUpavyatirekeNa tadabhAvAt, tasyaikasyaiva tathA pratibhAsanAt iti / tadapyasatyaM / niyogAdivAkyArthasya nizcayAtmatayA pratIyamAnatvAt / tathAhiniyogastAvadagnihotrAdivAkyAdivata draSTavyo re'yamAtmA ityAdivacanAdapi pratIyate eva niyaktohamanena vAkyeneti niravazeSo yogo niyogaH pratibhAti manAgapyayogAzaMkAnavatArAdavazyakartavyatAsaMpratyayAt / kathamanyathA tadvAkyazravaNAdasya pravRttirupapadyate, meghadhvanyAderapi prvRttiprsNgaat| syAdetat / mithyeyaM pratItirniyogasya vicAryamANasya prvRttihetutvaayogaat| sa hi pravartakasvabhAvo vA syAdatatsvabhAvo vA? prathamakalpanAyAM prAbhAkarANAmiva tAthAgatAdInAmapi pravartakaH syAt / sarvathA pravartakatvAt / teSAM viparyAsAdapravartaka ityapi na nizcetuM zakyaM pareSAmapi viparyAsAtpravartakatvAdanuSaMgAt / prAbhAkarA hi viparyastamanasaH zabdaniyogAt pravartate asatya nahIM hai| jisase ki usa vidhi ko pradhAnarUpa se vAkya-arthapanA viruddha par3a jaataa| jaina yA mImAMsakoM ne vidhi ke satya (yathArthapanA) hone para dvaitasiddhi ho jAne kA prasaMga diyA thA, so ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki AtmasvarUpa ke atirikta usa vidhi kA abhAva hai| vidhAyakapana, vidhIyamAnapana aura bhAvavidhi dvArA usa eka hI paramabrahma kA pratibhAsa ho rahA hai| vidhi ke asatyapane kA to pakSa hI nahIM hai| - advaitavAdiyoM kA yaha kahanA bhI asatya hai, kyoMki vAkya ke artha niyoga, bhAvanA Adi kI bhI nizcaya svarUpa se pratIti ho rahI hai| usI ko prasiddha kara kahate haiM ki agnihotra jyotiSToma, Adi ke pratipAdaka vAkyoM Adi se jaise niyoga pratIta hotA hai vaise hI "dRSTavyoreyamAtmA zrotavyaH" ityAdi vacana se bhI niyoga pratIta hotA hai| "dRSTavyore" maiM isa vAkya ke dvArA niyukta ho gayA huuN| isa prakAra zeSa rahita paripUrNarUpa se yoga ho jAnA rUpa niyoga pratibhAsita hotA hai| yahA~ yoga nahIM hone kI AzaMkA kA lava mAtra bhI avatAra nahIM hai| ata: avazya karane yogya hai| isa prakAra kA jJAna hotA hai| anyathA (advaitapratipAdaka vAkyoM dvArA pUrNa yoga honA nahIM mAnA jAyegA to) usa 'dRSTavyo" Adi vAkyoM ke sunane se isa zrotA manuSya kI zravaNa, manana Adi karane meM pravRtti honA kaise siddha ho sakatA hai? itikartavyatArUpa niyoga ke jJAna binA hI yadi cAhe jisa zabda se pravRtti honA mAna liyA jAegA to meghagarjana, samudrapUtkAra Adi zabdoM se bhI zrotAoM kI pravRtti ho jAne kA prasaMga aayegaa| advaitavAdiyoM kA yadi yaha mantavya ho ki vAkya kA artha to niyoga nahIM ho sakatA hai| ata: advaita pratipAdaka vAkyoM se niyoga kI yaha ukta prakAra pratIti karanA mithyA hai| kyoMki vicAryamANa niyoga ke pravRtti kA hetupanA ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| inakA prazna hai ki tumhArA mAnA gayA niyoga kyA pravartaka svabhAva kA dhAraka hai? athavA apravartakI svabhAva kA dhAraka hai| yadi prathamapakSa kI kalpanA karoge taba to prabhAkaroM ke samAna bauddhoM ko bhI vaha niyoga agniSToma Adi karmoM meM pravartaka ho jaayegaa| kyoMki usa niyoga kA svabhAva sabhI prakAra se pravRtti karA denA hai| yadi niyogavAdI yoM kaheM ki una bauddhoM ko mithyAjJAna ho rahA hai| ata: niyoga unako pravRtta nahIM karAtA hai| parantu isa bAta kA bhI nizcaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| tathA dUsare prabhAkaroM ke bhI viparyayajJAna ho jAne se niyoga ko pravartakapane kA prasaMga hogaa| kyoMki prabhAkaroM kA
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 104 netare aviparyastatvAditi vadato nivArayitumazakteH / saugatAdimatasya pramANabAdhitatvAt ta eva viparyastA na prAbhAkarA ityapi pakSapAtamAtraM tanmatasyApi pramANabAdhanavizeSAt / yathaiva hi pratikSaNavinazvarasakalArthavacanaM pratyakSAdiviruddhaM tathA niyogAdviSayAdibhedakalpanamapi sarvapramANAnAM vidhiviSayatayAvadhAraNAt sadekatvasyaiva paramArthatopapatteH / yadi punarapravartakasvabhAvaH zabdaniyogastadA siddha eva tasya pravRttihetutvAyogaH / phalarahitAdvA niyogamAtrAnna prekSAvatAM pravRttiraprekSAvattvaprasaMgAt, prayojanamanuddizya na maMdopi pravartata iti prasiddhezca / pracaMDaparidRDhavacananiyogAdaphalAdapi pravartanadarzanAdadoSa iti cenna, tannimittApAyaparirakSaNasya phltvaat| tanniyogAdapravartane hi mamApAyovazyaMbhAvIti tannivAraNAya pravartamAnAnAM prekSAvatAmapi tttvaavirodhaat| tarhi mana viparyaya jJAna se AkrAnta ho rahA hai| ata: ve zabda ke artha niyoga se karmakANDoM meM pravRtti karate haiN| kintu dUsare bauddha to viparyaya jJAna se ghire hue mana ko nahIM dhAraNa karane se karmakANDa meM pravRtti nahIM karate haiN| isa prakAra kahane vAle advaitavAdiyoM ko rokA nahIM jA sakatA hai| ... bauddha, cArvAka Adi dArzanikoM kA mata to pramANoM se bAdhita hai| ata eva ve bauddha Adi hI viparyaya jJAnI haiN| prabhAkaramatAnuyAyI to viparIta jJAnI nahIM haiN| vidhivAdI kahate haiM ki yaha bhI niyogavAdiyoM kA kevala pakSapAta hai| kyoMki una niyogavAdI prabhAkaroM kA mata bhI pramANoM se bAdhita ho jAtA hai| bauddhoM kI apekSA prabhAkaroM meM koI vizeSatA nahIM hai| jisa prakAra sampUrNa arthoM ko pratikSaNa vinAzazIla kahanA yaha bauddhoM kA mata pratyakSa Adi pramANoM se viruddha hai, usI prakAra prabhAkaroM ke yahA~ mAnI gaI niyoga unake viSaya, niyujyamAna, niyoktA, Adi bhedoM kI kalpanA bhI pramANoM se bAdhita hai, isa prakAra bauddha bhI kaha sakate haiN| paramArtharUpa se vicAra karane para to sampUrNa pramANoM ke dvArA advaita vidhi kA viSayapane se avadhAraNa kiyA jA rahA hai| sat cit brahma ke ekapane ko hI yathArthapanA siddha ho rahA hai| advaitavAdI hI kahe jA rahe haiM ki dvitIya pakSa ke anusAra phira yadi prabhAkara isa prakAra kahe ki zabda kA artha niyoga to pravartaka svabhAva vAlA nahIM hai, taba to hama vidhivAdI kahate haiM ki usa niyoga ko pravRtti ke kAraNapana kA ayoga siddha hI hai arthAt niyoga karmakANDa kA pravartaka nahIM bana sakatA hai| advaitavAdI kahate haiM ki niyoga phala rahita hai? athavA phala sahita hai? prathamapakSa anusAra phala rahita sAmAnya niyoga se hitAhita ko vicArane vAle prAmANika puruSoM kI kisI bhI kArya meM pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI hai kyoMki aisI pravRtti karane vAle ko avicArapUrvaka kArya karane kA prasaMga AtA hai| eka bAta yaha bhI hai ki prayojana kA uddezya nahIM lekara maMdabuddhi yA AlasI jIva bhI pravRti nahIM karatA hai| aisI loka meM prasiddhi hai| isa para niyogavAdI kahate haiM ki pratApI mahAkrodhI prabhu ke niSphala vacana niyoga se prajAjanoM kI pravRtti honA dekhA jAtA hai| atyanta krodhI rAjA anyAyapUrvaka kriyA karane meM yadi prajAjanoM ko niyukta kara detA hai, usake bhaya se niSphala niyoga dvArA bhI pravRtti karanI par3atI hai| taba to niSphala niyoga se bhI pravRtti honA koI doSa nahIM hai| aisA nahIM kahanA caahie| kyoMki pracaMDa rAjA ke niyoga se yadi kathamapi pravRtti nahIM kI jAyegI to merA vinAza yA mujhako daNDaprApti avazya hogii| isa kAraNa usa apAya ke nivAraNa karane ke lie pravRtti karane vAle vicArazIla prAmANika puruSoM ko bhI usa prekSAvAnapane kA koI virodha nahIM hai| taba to
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 105 vedavacanAdapi niyuktaH pratyavAyaparihArAya pravartatAM "nityanaimittike kuryAt pratyavAyajihAsayA'' iti vacanAt / kathamidAnIM svargakAma iti vacanamavatiSThate, juhuyAt juhotu hotavyamiti liGloTtavyapratyayAMtanirdezAdeva niyogamAtrapratipatteH, tata eva ca pravRttisaMbhavAt / phalasahitAnniyogAt pravRttiphalasiddhau ca phalArthiva pravartikA na niyogastamaMtareNApi phalArthinAM pravRttidarzanAt / puruSavacanAnniyoge ayamupAlaMbho nApauruSeyAgnihotrAdivAkyaniyoge tsyaanupaalbhytvaat| iti na yuktaM, "sarvaM khalvidaM brahma' ityAdi vcnsyaapynupaalbhytvsiddhervedaaNtvaadprinisstthaanaat| tasmAnna niyogo vAkyArthaH kasyacitpravRttiheturiti / niyogavAdI kaheMge ki isa prakAra kahane para to niyukta puruSabhAva Atmaka phala se rahita vaidika vacana se bhI pApa karma ke parihAra ke lie pravRti hotI hai| dharmazAstra kA vacana hai ki pratyavAyoM ke tyAga kI abhilASA se nityakarma aura naimittikakarma avazya karane caahie| isI prakAra phalarahita vedavacana se bhI pApa parihAra kA uddezya lekara pravRtti ho jaaegii| isa prakAra niyogavAdiyoM ke kahane para to hama vidhivAdI kaha sakate haiM ki uparyukta prakAra se niyoga ko phalarahita mAnane para prabhAkaroM ke phala ko dikhalAne vAlA "svargakAmaH" yaha vacana bhalA kaise vyavasthita ho sakegA? havana kareM, havana karo, havana karanA caahie| isa prakAra ke liGlakAra loTlakAra tavya pratyayako anta meM rakhane vAle padoM ke nirdeza se hI sAmAnya rUpa se niyoga kI pratipatti honA aura usase hI pravRtti ho jAnA sambhava * ho jAtA hai| svarga kI abhilASA rakhane vAle isa pada ko dene kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| niyogavAdiyoM ko pUrvApara viruddha vacana nahIM kahanA caahie| abhI vidhivAdI hI kahatA hai| yadi dvitIya pakSa ke anusAra niyogavAdI phalasahita niyoga se pravRtti ho jAne kI siddhi kareMge taba to phala kI abhilASA hI zrotAoM ko karmoM meM pravRtti karAdene vAlI ho jaaegii| niyoga to pravartaka nahIM huaa| kyoMki usa niyoga ke binA bhI phala ke arthI jIvoM kI pravRtti honA dekhA jAtA hai ata: niyoga ko saphala mAnanA bhI vyartha hai| niyogavAdI phira kahate haiM ki laukika puruSoM ke vacana se jahA~ niyoga prApta kiyA jAtA hai vahA~ to Apa vidhivAdI yaha uparyukta ulAhanA de sakate haiN| kintu puruSa prayatna dvArA nahIM banAye gaye vaidika agnihotra Adi vAkyoM se jJAta hue niyoga meM ukta upAlambha nahIM Ate haiN| nirdoSa vedavAkyajanya vaha niyoga to upAlambha prApta karane yogya nahIM hai| isake uttara meM vidhivAdI kahate haiM ki isa prakAra niyogavAdiyoM kA kahanA yuktipUrNa nahIM hai kyoMki yaha sampUrNa jagat nizcaya se parama brahma svarUpa hai| yahA~ koI padArtha bhedarUpa nahIM hai, ityAdi vAkyoM kI siddhi ho jAne se advaita pratipAdaka vedAntavAda kI pUrNa rUpa se nirdoSa prasiddhi ho jAtI hai| ata: vAkya kA artha niyoga nahIM hai| jisase ki kisI jIva kI pravRtti kA nimittakAraNa bana ske| "syAdetat" se prArambha kara "pravRttihetuH" yahA~ taka niyogavAdiyoM kA khaNDana karake vidhivAdiyoM ne apanA mantavya puSTa kiyA hai| aba zrI vidyAnanda AcArya samAdhAna karate haiN|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 106 tadetadvidhivAdinopi samAnaM vidherapi prvRttihetutvaayogsyaavishessaat| prkRtviklpaantivRtteH| tasyApi hi pravartakasvabhAvatve vedAMtavAdinAmiva prAbhAkaratAthAgatAdInAmapi pravartakatvaprasakterapravartakasvabhAvAtteSAmapi na pravartako vidhiH syaat| svayamaviparyastAstataH pravartate na viparyastA iti cet, kutaH saMvibhAgo vibhAvyatAM / pramANAbAdhitetaramatAzrayaNAditi cet, tarhi vedAMtavAdinaH kathaM na viparyastAH sarvathA sarvekatvamatasyAdhyakSaviruddhatvAt parasparanirapekSadravyaguNAdibhedAbhedamananavat / tadviparItasyAnekAMtasya jAtyaMtarasya prtiiteH| phalarahitazca vidhirna pravartako niyogvt| saphalaH pravartaka iticet, kiMcijjJAnAM phalArthinAM phalAya . isa prakAra vidhivAdiyoM kI ora se vikalpa uThAkara niyogavAdiyoM ke mata kA, jaise yaha khaNDana kiyA gayA hai, vaisA (vicAra) vidhivAdiyoM para bhI vahI ApAdana samAna rUpa se lAgU ho sakatA hai, kyoMki vAkya ke artha vidhi ko bhI pravRtti kA kAraNapanA nahIM ghaTita hotA hai| apravartakapane kI apekSA vidhi kI niyoga se koI vizeSatA nahIM hai| prakaraNa meM prApta hue vikalpoM kA ullaMghana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| vidhivAdI para bhI ve hI vikalpa uThAye jA sakate haiN| usa vidhi kA bhI svabhAva yadi niyama se pravartakapanA mAnA jAyegA to vedAntavAdiyoM ke samAna prabhAkara matAnuyAyI, buddhamatAnuyAyI, cArvAka Adi dArzanikoM kI bhI advaita meM pravRtti karA denepana kA prasaMga vidhi ko prApta hogaa| yadi vidhi ko apravartaka svabhAva vAlA mAnA jAyegA to apravartaka svabhAva vAlI vidhi se to vedAntavAdiyoM kI bhI pravRtti ko karAne vAlA vidhi artha nahIM ho skegaa| yadi vidhivAdI yoM kaheM ki svayaM viparyayajJAna ko nahIM dhAraNa karane vAle vidhivAdI to usa vidhi se pravarta jAte haiN| parantu jo mithyAjJAnI haiM ve usa vidhi ke dvArA pravRtti nahIM kara pAte hai| isa prakAra vidhivAdiyoM ke kahane para AcArya kahate haiM ki usa samyagjJAnIpana aura mithyAjJAnIpana kA vibhAga honA kisase nirNIta kiyA jAyegA? yadi pramANoM ke dvArA abAdhita kie gaye mata kA Azraya karane vAle samyagjJAnI haiM aura itara yAnI pramANoM se bAdhita mata kA Azraya kara lene se puruSa ke mithyAjJAna siddha hotA hai| taba to vedAntavAdI hI viparyayajJAna vAle kyoM nahIM vicAra liye jAveMge ? kyoMki unakA sarvathA sabako eka parama brahmapane kI vidhi karane kA mata to pratyakSa pramANa se viruddha hai arthAt pratyakSa pramANa dvArA agni, jala, sarpa Adi bhinna-bhinna nAnA padArtha pratIta hote hai| aba "sarvamekaM' yaha vidhivAdiyoM kA mantavya pramANoM se bAdhita hai| jaise ki paraspara meM nahI apekSA rakhane vAle dravya aura guNa yA avayava aura avayavI Adi kA sarvathA bheda tathA abheda mAnanA pratyakSaviruddha hai| kyoMki una sarvathA bheda yA abhedoM se viparIta tIsarI jAti vAle kathaMcit bheda abhedasvarUpa anekAnta kI pratIti ho rahI hai| arthAt - dravya, guNa Adi kA sarvathA bheda mAnane vAle naiyAyika haiN| sAMkhya unakA abheda mAnate haiN| ye donoM mata pramANoM se viruddha hai| paryAya aura paryAyI meM kathaMcit bheda, abheda pratIta ho rahA hai| isa prakAra sarvathA ekatva ko kahane vAle vidhivAdI bhI viparyayajJAna vAle ho jAte haiN| niyoga ke samAna vidhi meM bhI phalarahita aura phalasahitapane ke vikalpa uThAye jA sakate haiM ki yadi vidhi uttarakAla meM hone vAle phala se rahita hai taba to kisI bhI zrotA ko pravRtti karAne vAlI nahIM ho sakatI hai, jaise ki phalarahita niyoga pravartaka nahIM mAnA gayA hai| yadi phala se sahita vidhi pravartaka hai, taba to kucha
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 107 darzanAdeva pravRttyupapatteH / puruSAdvaite na kazcit kutazcit pravartata iticet, siddhastarhi vidhirapravartako niyogavaditi na vaakyaarthH| puruSAdvaitavAdinAmupaniSadvAkyAdAtmani darzanazravaNAnumanananidhyAnavidhAnepyapravartane kutasteSAM tadabhyAsaH sAphalyamanubhavati mattonmattAdipralApavat, kathaM vA sarvathApyapravartako vidhireva vAkyArtho na punrniyogH| paTAdivat padArthAMtaratvenApratibhAsanAt niyujyamAnaviSayaniyoktRdharmatvena cAnavasthAnAnna niyogo vAkyArtha iti cet taditaratra samAnaM, vidherapi ghaTAdivatpadArthAMtaratvenApratibhAsanAdvidhApyamAnaviSayavidhAyakadharmatvenAvyavasthitezca / yathaiva hi niyojyasya puMso dharme niyoge ananuSTheyatA niyogasya siddhatvAdanyathAnuSThAnoparamAbhAvAalpa padArthoM ko jAnane vAle alpajJa phala-abhilASI jIvoM kI phalaprApti ke lie darzana se hI phala prApti kI abhilASA se pravRtti honA siddha ho jaayegaa| vidhi ko pravartaka kahanA vyartha hai| phira bhI vidhivAdI kahate haiM ki bhedavAdiyoM ke yahA~ koI kahIM kisI se pravRtti kare, kintu advaitavAdiyoM ke yahA~ brahmAdvaita meM koI bhI kisI se bhI pravRtti nahIM karatA hai, taba to pravRtti nahIM karAne vAle niyoga ke samAna vidhi bhI vAkya kA artha siddha nahIM huaa| puruSAdvaitavAdiyoM ke yahA~ "dRSTavyo' ityAdi upaniSad ke vAkya se AtmA meM darzana karanA, zravaNa karanA, anumanana karanA aura dhyAna karanA ina kriyAoM meM bhI yadi pravRtti nahIM mAnI jAyegI to una advaitavAdiyoM kA una darzana Adi meM abhyAsa kaise hogA? darzana Adi ke binA vaha unakA abhyAsa aura kisI phala kI apekSA se saphalatA anubhava kaise kara sakatA hai? jaise ki madamatta yA unmatta puruSoM ke vyartha vacana. saphala nahIM haiN| - usI ke samAna upaniSad vAkyoM kA abhyAsa bhI anarthaka hai| tathA sabhI prakAroM se apravartaka ho rahI vidhi hI to vAkya kA artha hotA hai| kintu apravartaka niyoga vAkya kA artha nahIM ho sakatA, yaha sarvathA pakSapAta pUrNa mantavya kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai arthAt nhiiN| _ jaise AtmA se bhinna kalpita kiye gaye paTa Adi kArya bhinna padArthapane rUpa pratibhAsa rahe haiM usake samAna niyoga bhinna padArtha rUpa se nahIM pratibhAsa rahA hai| tathA niyukta puruSa yA yajJa Adi viSaya meM niyoga karane vAle veda vAkya kA dharmasvarUpa vaha niyoga vyavasthita nahIM hai| arthAt - jaise niyujyamAna puruSa kA dharma hokara yA niyoktA kA dharma hokara paTa dikha rahA hai, vaisA niyoga nahIM hai| ata: do hetuoM se niyoga kI vyavasthA nahIM hone se niyoga vAkya kA artha nahIM hai, isa prakAra vidhivAdiyoM ke kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki yaha kaTAkSa to dUsare ke yahA~ bhI yAnI tuma vidhivAdiyoM ke Upara bhI samAna rUpa se laga jAtA hai| vidhi kA bhI ghaTa Adi ke samAna puruSa se pRthak padArtha rUpa se pratibhAsa nahIM hotA hai| tathA vidhAna karane yogya darzana Adi yA dRSTavya viSaya kA dharma athavA vidhi ko kahane vAle vaidika zabda ke dharma ke dvArA vidhi kI vyavasthA nahIM ho rahI hai| ataH vidhi bhI vAkya kA artha nahIM siddha ho sakatA hai| "yathaiva" kA anvaya chaha, sAta paMkti pIche Ane vAle tathA zabda ke sAtha karanA caahie| jisa
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 108 nuSaMgAt kasyacittadrUpasyAsiddhasyAbhAvAd, asiddharUpatAyAM vA niyojyatvaM virodhAdvaMdhyAstanaMdhayAdivat / siddharUpeNa niyojyatve asiddharUpeNa vAniyojyatAmekasya puruSasyAsiddhasiddharUpasaMkarAniyojyetaratvavibhAgAsiddhistadrUpAsaMkare vA . bhedaprasaMgAdAtmanaH siddhAsiddharUpayo: saMbaMdhAbhAvo'nupakArAt / upakArakalpanAyAmAtmanastadupakAryatve nityatvahAnistayorAtmopakAryatve siddharUpasya sarvathopakAryatvavyAghAto'siddharUpasyApyupakAryatve ggnkusumaaderupkaarytvaanussNgH| siddhAsiddharUpayorapi kathaMcidasiddharUpopagame prakRtaparyanuyogAnivRtteranavasthAnuSaMga ityupaalNbhH| tathA vidhIyamAnasya puruSasya dharme vidhAvapi siddhasya puMso prakAra niyojane yogya puruSa kA dhama yadi niyoga mAnA jAvegA to advaitavAdiyoM kI ora se prabhAkaroM ke prati anuSThAna nahIM karane yogya Adi doSa diye jAte haiM yAnI niyojya puruSa anAdikAla se svata: siddha nitya hai to usa AtmA kA svabhAva niyoga bhI pUrvakAloM se siddha hai| anyathA, siddha padArtha kA bhI anuSThAna kiyA jAegA to anuSThAna karane se virAma lene ke abhAva kA prasaMga aayegaa| nitya puruSa ke dharma usa niyoga kA koI bhAga asiddha nahIM hai| kisI asiddharUpa ko niyojya mAnA jAyegA taba to vaMdhyAputra, azvaviSANa Adi ke samAna sarvathA asiddha padArtha ko niyojyapane kA virodha hogaa| yadi AtmA ke dharma niyoga ko kisI eka siddha svarUpa ke dvArA niyojyapanA aura usa hI niyoga ko asiddha svarUpa kI apekSA aniyojyapanA mAnA jAegA taba to eka AtmA ke siddha svarUpa aura asiddha svarUpoM kA saMkara hojAne se niyojyapana aura aniyojyapana ke vibhAga kI asiddhi ho jaaegii| yadi una siddha asiddha rUpoM kA saMkara honA nahIM mAnoge to una bhinna do rUpoM se abhinna ho rahe AtmA ke bheda ho jAne kA prasaMga A jaaegaa| ve siddha asiddha do rUpa AtmA ke haiN| isa vyavahAra kA niyAmaka sambandha koI nahIM hai| kyoMki upakAra karane se svasvAmisaMbaMdha, guru-ziSya sambandha mAne jAte haiN| kintu upakAra nahIM hone ke kAraNa una siddha asiddha rUpa aura kUTastha nitya AtmA kA koI SaSThI vidhAyaka sambandha nahIM ho pAtA hai| yadi AtmA aura una rUpoM meM upakAra karane kI kalpanA kI jAyegI to una do rUpoM karake AtmA ke Upara upakAra kiyA jAyegA? athavA AtmA dvArA do rUpoM para upakAra kiyA jAegA? prathama vikalpAnusAra yadi una do rUpoM dvArA AtmA ko upakAra prApta karane yogya mAnA jAyegA, taba to AtmA ke nityapane kI hAni ho jaayegii| kyoMki jo upakRta hotA hai, vaha kArya hotA hai| dvitIya vikalpa anusAra una do rUpoM ko AtmA ke dvArA upakAra prApta karane yogya mAnoge to pahilA doSa Tala gayA kintu siddha ho cuke rUpa ko to sabhI prakAroM se upakAryapana kA vyAghAta hogaa| kyoMki jo siddha ho cukA hai, usameM upakAra ko dhArane yogya koI utpAdya aMza zeSa nahIM hai| aura dUsare asiddha rUpa ko bhI yadi upakAra prApta karane yogya mAnA jAyegA,taba to AkAza puSpa, zazaviSANa Adi asiddha padArthoM ko bhI upakAra jhelane vAle pana kA prasaMga aavegaa| yadi niyogavAdI siddha asiddha donoM rUpoM kA bhI kathaMcit koI svarUpa asiddha ho rahA svIkAra kareMge to prakaraNa prApta zaMkA kI nivRtti nahIM ho skegii| ata: anavasthA doSa kA prasaMga ho jaayegaa| isa prakAra vidhivAdIkA niyogavAdI ke prati ulAhanA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 109 drshnshrvnnaanumnnnidhyaanvidhaanvirodhaat| tadvidhAne vA sarvadA tadanuparatiprasaktiH / darzanAdirUpeNa tasyAsiddhau vidhAnavyAghAtaH kUrmaromAdivat / siddharUpeNa vidhApyamAnasya vidhAne'siddharUpeNa cA'vidhAne siddhAsiddharU pasaMkarAt vidhApyetaravibhAgAsiddhestadrUpAsaMkare vA bhedaprasaMgAdAtmanaH siddhaasiddhruupyosttsNbNdhaabhaavaadidossaasNjnnsyaavishessH| tathA viSayasya yAgalakSaNasya dharme niyoge tasyApariniSpannatvAt svarUpAbhAvAdvAkyena pratyetumazakyatvasya vidhAvapi viSayadharme samAnatvAt kuto . usI prakAra niyogavAdI ke dvArA vidhivAdI para vaisA hI ulAhanA diyA jA sakatA hai| jaise vidhAna karAye jA rahe puruSa ke dharma mAne gaye vidhi meM bhI paripUrNa niSpanna hokara siddha ho cuke zrotA nitya puruSa ke darzana, zravaNa, anumanana aura dhyAna ke vidhAna kA virodha hai| .. arthAt - jo pahile darzana Adi se rahita haiM, vaha pariNAmI padArtha hI darzana Adi kA vidhAna kara sakatA hai, nitya kRtakRtya nhiiN| yadi siddha ho cukA puruSa bhI una darzana Adi kA vidhAna karegA to sarvadA hI una darzana AdikoM se virAma nahIM le sakane kA prasaMga aayegaa| yadi usa AtmA ke dharmavidhi kI darzana zravaNa Adi svarUpoM ke dvArA siddhi ho cukI nahIM mAnoge taba to kacchaparoma, candra, Atapa Adi ke samAna usa asiddha ho rahI asadrUpa vidhi ke vidhAna kA vyAghAta hogaa| jo asiddha hai, usakA vidhAna nahIM aura jisakA vidhAna hai vaha sarvathA asiddha padArtha nahIM hai| yadi vidhAna karane yogya kA siddhasvarUpa ke dvArA vidhAna mAnoge aura asiddha se vidhAna nahIM honA mAnoge to siddha-asiddha svarUpoM kA saMkara ho jAne se yaha siddharUpa vidhApya hai aura isase pRthak itanA asiddha rUpa vidhAna karane yogya nahIM hai, isa prakAra ke vibhAga kI siddhi nahIM ho skii| yadi una vidhApya aura avidhApya rUpoM kA ekameka ho jAnA svarUpasAMkarya nahIM mAnA jAyegA taba to una donoM rUpoM kA AtmA se bheda ho jAne kA prasaMga aayegaa| sarvathA bhinna sthita una siddha asiddha do rUpoM kA AtmA ke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai| .. kyoMki donoM kA paraspara meM koI upakAra nahIM hai| yadi sambandha jor3ane ke lie upakAra kI kalpanA kI jAyegI to pUrva meM niyogavAdI ke lie uThAye gaye sambandhoM kA abhAva, upakAra kalpanA kA nahIM bana sakanA Adi doSoM kA prasaMga vaisA kA vaisA hI vidhivAdiyoM ke Upara laga jAyegA kyoMki niyoga aura vidhi meM koI vizeSatA nahIM hai| AtmA ke upakArya mAnane para AtmA kA nityapanA bigar3atA hai| yadi do rUpoM ko upakArya mAnA jAyegA to siddharUpa to kucha upakAra jhelatA nahIM hai aura gajazRMga ke samAna asiddha padArtha bhI kisI kI ora se Aye hue upakAroM ko nahIM dhAra sakatA hai| (yahA~ niyogavAdI kI ora se AcAryoM ne vidhivAdI para ApAdana kiyA hai| usI prakAra vidhivAdI yadi niyogavAdI para niyoga kA niSedha karane ke lie yoM kaTAkSa kareM ki) prAbhAkaroM kI ora se yAga svarUpa viSaya kA dharma yadi niyoga mAnA jAyegA to vaha yAga abhI banakara paripUrNa haA nahIM hai| upadeza sunate samaya to usa yAga kA svarUpa hI nahIM hai| ataH asadbhUta yAga ke dharma niyoga ke dvArA nirNaya karane ke lie azakyatA doSa hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 110 viSayadharmo vidhiH? puruSasyaiva viSayatayAvabhAsamAnasya viSayatvAttasya ca pariniSpannatvAnna taddharmasya vidherasaMbhava iti cet, tarhi yajanAzrayasya dravyAde: siddhatvAttasya viSayatvAtkathaM taddharmo niyogopi na sidhyet? yena rUpeNa viSayo vidyate tena dharmeNa niyogopIti, tadanuSThAnAbhAve vidhiviSayo yena rUpeNAsti tena taddharmasya vidheH kathamanuSThAnaM? yenAtmanA nAsti tenAnuSThAnamiticet tanniyogena samAnaM / kathamasanniyogo'nuSThIyate apratIyamAnatvAt kharaviSANavat iti cet, tata eva vidhirapi naanussttheyH| pratIyamAnatayA siddhatvAdanuSTheyo vidhiriti cet, niyogopi tathAstu / nanvanuSTheyatayaiva niyogovatiSThate na pratIyamAnatayA tasyAH isake uttara meM AcArya vidhivAdI para bhI yaha azakyatA doSa lagAte haiM ki "dRSTavyoreyamAtmA" ityAdi vAkya sunane ke avasara para jaba darzana, zravaNa Adi haiM hI nahIM to unakA dharma vidhi bhI vidyamAna nahIM hai| asadbhUta padArtha kI vAkya dvArA pratIti nahIM ho sakatI hai| ataH viSaya ke dharma mAne gaye niyoga ke samAna vidhi kI bhI siddhi kaise ho sakatI hai? arthAt nhiiN| yadi vidhivAdI kaheM ki hama darzana, zravaNa Adi ko vidhikA viSaya nahIM mAnate haiN| viSaya rUpa se pratibhAsamAna parama brahma ko hI vidhi kA viSaya mAnate hai| puruSa ke pahale se hI paripUrNatA hai| ata: usa puruSarUpa viSaya ke dharmasvarUpa vidhi ke asambhavatA nahIM hai| taba to niyogavAdI bhI kaha sakatA hai ki pUjana ke adhikaraNa ho rahe, dravya AtmA, pAtra, sthAna Adi padArtha bhI pahale se siddha haiN| ata: una dravyoM Adi ke viSaya ho jAne se unakA dharma niyoga bhI kyoM nahIM siddha hogA? (vidhivAdI) jisa rUpa se dravyAdika viSaya pUrva se vidyamAna hai, usa svarUpa karake unakA dharma niyoga bhI to pahile se hI vidyamAna hai| ata: usa niyoga kA anuSThAna nahIM ho skegaa| taba to brahma vidhi kA viSaya jisa rUpa se sadA vidyamAna hai, usa svarUpa ke dvArA usakA vidhi viSaya bhI niSpanna ho cukA hai| aisI dazA meM dRSTavya Adi vAkyoM ke dvArA vidhi kA anuSThAna bhI kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai? jisa svarUpa se vidhi viSayI vidyamAna nahIM hai, usa aMza se vidhi kA anuSThAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra kahane para to vaha anuSThAna niyoga meM bhI samAna rUpa se kiyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki niyoga aura vidhi meM koI antara nahIM hai| vidhivAdI kahate haiM ki aMzarUpa se asat ho rahe niyoga kA anuSThAna kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai? kyoMki asat padArtha pratIta nahIM hotA hai| jo pratIta nahIM hai, usameM kriyA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| ata: kharaviSANa ke samAna asat niyoga kA karanA nahIM ho sakatA / AcArya kahate haiM ki taba to vidhi bhI anuSThAna karane yogya nahIM rhegii| arthAt advaitavAdiyoM ne bhI viSaya ke asadbhUta aMza kara ke hI vidhi kA anuSThAna kiyA jAnA mAnA hai| kintu pratIta svarUpa ke dvArA siddha hone ke kAraNa vidhi kA to anuSThAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra vidhivAdiyoM ke kahane para to hama jaina bhI kaha sakate haiM ki niyoga bhI isI prakAra anuSThAna karane yogya ho sakatA hai| vaha bhI pratIti karake siddha hai| apratIyamAnatva hetu vahA~ asiddha hai| ata: vidhi ke samAna niyoga bhI pratIyamAna hone se anuSTheya hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 111 sklvstusaadhaarnntvaat| anuSTheyatA cetpratibhAtA konyo niyogo yasyAnuSThitiriticet, tarhi vidhirapi na pratIyamAnatayA pratiSThAmanubhavati kiM tu vidhIyamAnatayA sA cedanubhUtA konyo vidhirnAma? yasya vidhAnamupaniSadvAkyAdupavarNyate / dRSTavyAdivAkyenAtmadarzanAdivihitaM mameti pratIterapratikSepArho vidhi: kathamapAkriyate? kimidAnImagnihotrAdivAkyena yAgAdiviSaye niyuktohamiti pratItirna vidyate, yena niyogaH prtikssipyte| sA pratItirapramANamiticet, vidhipratItiH kathamapramANaM na syAt? puruSadoSarahitavedavacanopajanitatvAditicet, tata eva niyogapratItirapyapramANaM mA bhUt sarvathApyavizeSAt / tathApi niyogasya viSayadharmasyAsaMbhave vidherapi taddharmasya na sNbhvH| zabdasya vidhAyakasya ca dharmo vidhirityapi na nizcetuM ___ zaMkA - anuSThAna karane yogya ke dvArA hI niyoga avatiSTha hai| pratIta kiye jAne vAle niyoga kI avasthiti nahIM ho rahI hai| kyoMki anuSTheyatA to sampUrNa vastuoM meM sAmAnyarUpa se vidyamAna hai| yadi vaha anuSTheyatA pratibhAsa hai to dUsarA niyoga kyA padArtha hai? jisakA anuSThAna karanA karmakANDa vAkyoM se mAnA jA rahA hai? aura nahIM pratibhAsa rahe padArtha kA to sadbhAva hI nahIM mAnA jAtA hai| - isa prakAra advaitavAdiyoM kA paryanuyoga hone para to vidhi bhI vartamAna kAla meM pratIyamAnapane karake pratiSThA kA anubhava nahIM kara rahI hai| kintu vartamAna meM vidhAna svarUpa se jAnI jA rahI hai| kyoMki vaha vidhIyamAnatA sabhI padArthoM meM sAdhAraNa rUpa se pAyI jAtI hai| jabaki vidhi kI vidhIyamAnatA kA anubhava ho cukA to phira usase anya kauna sA aMza vidhi nAma kA zeSa raha gayA hai jisakA ki vidhAna karanA "dRSTavyo" ityAdika upaniSadoM ke vAkyoM se kahA jA rahA hai| dRSTavya, mantavya, soham ityAdi vAkyoM ke dvArA mujhako Atmadarzana Adi kI vidhi ho cukI hai| isa prakAra pratIti ho rahI hai| ata: khaNDana karane yogya nahIM ho rahI vidhi niyogavAdiyoM ke dvArA kaise nirAkRta kI jA rahI hai? isa para AcArya kahate haiM ki kyA isa samaya agnihotra, vizvajit Adi yAgoM ko kahane vAle vAkyoM ke dvArA maiM yAga Adi viSayoM meM niyukta ho gayA hU~ ? isa prakAra kI pratIti kyA mara gaI hai? aba vidyamAna nahIM hai, jisase ki vidhivAdiyoM ke dvArA niyoga kA khaNDana kiyA jA rahA hai| yadi (vidhivAdI) vaha niyuktapane ko kahane vAlI pratIti pramANa nahIM hai, aisA kahate haiM to vidhi ko pratipAdana karane vAlI vihitapane kI pratIti bhI apramANa kyoM nahIM ho jaaegii| puruSoM ke rAga, dveSa, ajJAna Adi doSoM se rahita anAdi, akRtrima, vedavAkyoM se utpanna huI hone ke kAraNa vidhi kI pratIti to pramANabhUta hai| isa prakAra vidhivAdI ke kahane para niyogavAdI bhI kaha sakate haiM ki usI prakAra apauruSeya vaidika vacanoM se utpanna niyoga kI pratIti bhI apramANa nahIM ho sktii| sabhI prakAroM se niyoga kI apekSA vidhi meM koI vizeSatA nahIM hai| tathApi niyoga ko viSaya kA dharma honA sambhava nahIM hai| aisA mAnane para apane viSaya ke dharma mAne gaye vidhi kI bhI sambhAvanA nahIM ho sakatI hai| bhAvArtha - niyojya puruSa aura yAgasvarUpa viSaya ke dharma niyoga kA vidhApyamAna puruSa ke athavA vidheya ke dharma svarUpa vidhi ke sAtha sampUrNa aMzoM meM sAdRzya hai| ina donoM meM koI vizeSatA saMbhava nahIM hai
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 112 zakyaM, niyogasyApi niyoktRzabdadharmArthapratighAtAbhAvAnuSakteH / zabdasya siddharUpatvAttaddharmo niyogaH kathamasiddho yenAsau saMpAdyate kasyacidityapi na maMtavyaM, vidhisaMpAdanavirodhAt tasyApi siddhopnissdvaakydhrmtvaavishessaat| prasiddhasyApi saMpAdane punaH punastatsaMpAdane pravRttyanuparamAtkathamupaniSadvacanasya pramANatA apUrvArthatAvirahAt smRtivat / tasya vA pramANatve niyogavAkyaM pramANamastu vizeSAbhAvAt / syAnmataM, niyogasya sarvapakSeSu vicaarymaannsyaayogaattdvcnmprmaannN| teSAM hi na tAvatkAryaM zuddhaM niyogaH preraNA niyojyavarjitasya niyogsyaasNbhvaat| tasmin niyogasaMjJAkaraNe svakaMbalasya kurdAliketi nAmAMtarakaraNamAtraM syAt / na ca tAvatA svessttsiddhiH| zuddhA preraNA niyoga ityapyanenApAstaM, niyojyaphalarahitAyAH preraNAyA: vidhAyaka zabda kA dharma vidhi hai isa prakAra bhI vidhivAdiyoM dvArA nizcaya karanA zakya nahIM hai| phira bhI yadi vidhAyaka zabda ke dharma mAne gaye vidhi kA nizcaya kara leMge to niyoga ko bhI "vizvajitA yajeta" "jyotiSTomena yajeta' ityAdi niyoktA zabdoM ke dharmArtha kA pratighAta nahIM ho sakane kA prasaMga aayegaa| arthAt - niyoktA zabdoM kA dharma niyoga jAna liyA jaayegaa| zabda ko kUTastha nitya mAnane vAle mImAMsakoM . ke yahA~ zabda kA paripUrNa rUpa siddha hai| ata: usa zabda kA dharma niyoga asiddha kaise hogA? jisase ki vaha niyoga karmakANDa vAkyoM dvArA kisI bhI zrotA ke yahA~ sampAdita kiyA jaae| AcArya kahate haiM ki yaha bhI vidhivAdiyoM ko nahIM mAnanA caahie| kyoMki isa prakAra to vidhi ke sampAdana karane kA bhI virodha AtA hai| Apa vidhivAdiyoM ke yahA~ usa vidhi ko bhI anAdikAla se paripUrNa siddha svarUpa vaidika upaniSad vAkyoM kA dharmapanA mAnA gayA hai| vidhi aura niyoga meM nitya zabdoM kA dharmapanA antararahita hai| yadi sarva aMzoM meM paripUrNa rUpa se acchA siddha ho cuke padArtha kA bhI saMpAdana karanA mAnA jAegA to puna: siddha padArtha kA sampAdana kiyA jAegA aura phira usa siddha ho cuke kA bhI anuSThAna kiyA jaaegaa| isa prakAra pravRttiyA~ karate-karate kabhI vizrAma nahIM milegaa| isa kAraNa smRti ke samAna apUrva artha kA grAhIpanA nahIM hone se Atma pratipAdaka vaidika upaniSad vacanoM ko pramANatA kaise A sakatI hai? bhAvArtha - yahA~ smRti kA dRSTAnta niyogavAdI kI apekSA se diyA gayA hai| syAdvAda siddhAnta meM apUrva artha kI grAhikA hone se smRti ko pramANa mAnA hai| yadi phira bhI vidhivAdI gRhIta ke grAhaka una upaniSad vacanoM ko pramANa mAneMge to niyogavAkya bhI pramANa ho jAegA, kyoMki niyoga kI apekSA vidhi meM koI vizeSatA nahIM hai arthAt - ina donoM meM vizeSatA kA abhAva hai| zaMkA - yadi niyoga kA zuddha kArya Adi (gyAraha) pakSoM meM vicAra calAyA jAe to usa niyoga kI siddhi nahIM ho skegii| ata: niyoga ko kahane vAle upaniSad vAkya pramANa nahIM haiN| kyoMki sabase pahilA una niyogavAdiyoM kA zuddha kArya svarUpa niyoga to siddha nahIM ho pAtA hai| "yajeta' yahA~ par3I huI vidhi liG kA artha mAne gaye pravartakatvarUpa preraNA aura svarga kI abhilASA rakhane vAlA niyojya zrotA se varjita ho rahe niyoga kI asambhavatA hai| phira bhI aise usa zuddha kArya meM "niyoga" aisI vAcaka saMjJA karalI jAegI taba to yaha apane kaMbala kA "kudAlI" yaha kevala dUsarA nAmakaraNa mAtra hogaa| kintu utane mAtra se svaiSTa kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 113 pralApamAtratvAt / preraNAsahitaM kAryaM niyoga ityapyasaMbhavi, niyojyAdyasaMbhave tadvirodhAt / kAryasahitA preraNA niyoga ityapyanena nirastaM / kAryasyaivopacArataH pravartakatvaM niyoga ityapyasAraM; niyojyAdinirapekSasya kAryasya pravartakatvopacArAyogAt, kadAcitkvacitparamArthatastasya tthaanuplNbhaat| kAryapreraNayoH saMbaMdho niyoga iti vacanamasaMgataM, tato bhinnasya saMbaMdhasya saMbaMdhinirapekSasya niyogtvenaaghttnaat| saMbaMdhyAtmanaH saMbaMdhasya niyogatvamityapi duranvayaM, preryamANapuruSanirapekSayoH saMbaMdhAtmanorapi kAryapreraNayoH niyogatvAnupapatteH / tatsamudAyaniyogavAdopyanena pratyAkhyAtaH / kAryapreraNAsvabhAvanirmuktastu niyogo na vidhivaadmtishete| yatpunaH ___arthAt - preraNA aura niyojya puruSa se rahita ho rahe kevala zuddha kArya svarUpa niyoga se svarga nahIM mila sakatA hai| jaise ki kaMbala ko kudAlI mAnakara usa kaMbala se sar3aka kA khodanA nahIM ho sakatA hai| zuddha preraNA kara denA niyoga hai| yaha dvitIya pakSa bhI isa pUrvokta kathana se nirasta kara diyA gayA hai, kyoMki niyoga ko prApta karane yogya puruSa aura niyoga ke phala svarga se rahita ho rahI preraNA ko mAnanA kevala nirarthaka bakavAsa hai| arthAt aisI preraNA ko niyoga svarUpapanA siddha nahIM ho sakatA hai| tIsarA pakSa preraNA se sahita kArya niyoga hai| isa prakAra kahanA bhI sambhAvanA karane yogya nahIM hai| kyoMki niyojya puruSa, niyojaka zabda, Adi ke bimA usa niyoga ke ho jAne kA virodha hai| arthAt kArya aura preraNA se hI niyoga siddha nahIM ho sakatA hai| caturtha pakSa kArya se sahita preraNA niyoga hai, yaha vizeSya vizeSaNa kI parAvRtti kara mAna liyA gayA kathana bhI isa ukta kathana karake khaNDita kara diyA jAtA hai| kyoMki niyojya aura niyojaka ke binA koI preraNA nahIM bana sakatI hai| ___ bhaviSya meM kiye jAne yogya kArya ko hI upacAra se pravartakapanA niyoga hai| yaha pA~cavA~ pakSa bhI nissAra hai| kyoMki niyojya, niyojaka Adi kI apekSA nahIM rakhane vAle kArya ko upacAra se pravartakapanA upalabdha nahIM hai| niyogavAdiyoM kA kArya aura preraNA ke sambandha ko niyoga kathana karanA yaha vacana bhI pUrvAparasaMgati se rahita hai| kyoMki sambandha vAle kArya aura preraNA svarUpa sambandhiyoM se nirapekSa tathA unase bhinna par3e hue sambandha ko niyogapanA ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| kArya aura preraNA rUpa sambandhiyoM se abhinna tadAtmaka sambandha ko niyoga kahanA bhI pUrvApara anvaya saMgati se zUnya hai arthAt yaha bAta kaThinatA se bhI nahIM samajhI jA sakatI hai| kyoMki preryamANa puruSa kI apekSA nahIM rakhane vAlA sambandha svarUpa kArya aura preraNA ke sambandha ko niyogapane kI anutpatti hai| arthAt - kArya aura preraNA se tadAtmaka ho rahA bhI sambandha jabataka sarvAdhikArI puruSa kI apekSA nahIM karegA taba taka kathamapi niyoga nahIM ho sakatA hai| una kArya aura preraNA kA paraspara avinAbhAvabhUta tadAtmaka samudAya ho jAnA niyoga hai|.. ____ yaha niyogavAdiyoM kA sAtavA~ pakSa bhI isa sambandha vAle kathana se hI nirAkRta kara diyA gayA hai| arthAt - puruSa ke binA una donoM ke samudAya ko niyoga kahanA ucita nahIM hai| kArya aura preraNA svabhAvoM se sarvathA vinirmukta ho rahA niyoga to vidhivAda se adhika atizaya dhArI nahIM hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 114 svargakAmaH puruSognihotrAdivAkyaniyoge sati yAgalakSaNaM viSayamArUDhamAtmAnaM manyamAnaH pravartata iti yaMtrArUDhaniyogavacanaM tadapi na paramAtmavAde pratikUlaM, puruSAbhimAnamAtrasya niyogatvavacanAt tasya caavidyodynibNdhntvaat| bhogyarUpo niyoga iti cAyuktaM, niyoktRpreraNAzUnyasya bhogyasya tadabhAvAnupapatteH / puruSasvabhAvopi na niyogo ghaTate, tasya zAzvatikatvena niyogasya shaashvtiktvprsNgaat| puruSamAtravidhereva tathA vidhAne vedaaNtvaadiprismaapteH| kuto niyogavAdo nAmeti? tadetadasAraM, sarvathA vidherapi vaakyaarthaanupptteH| sopi hi zabdAderadraSTa vyatAdivyavacche dena rahito yadISyate tadA na kadAcitpravRttihetuH, pratiniyataviSayavidhinAMtarIyakatvAt prekSAvatpravRtte: tasya vA tadviSayaparihArAvinAbhAvitvAt kaTaH kartavya iti phira nauveM pakSa ke anusAra niyogavAdiyoM ne yoM kahA thA ki svarga kI abhilASA rakhane vAlA puruSa agnihotra Adi vAkya dvArA niyoga prApta hone para yAgasvarUpa viSaya ke Upara ArUr3ha mAnatA huA pravartaka hotA hai| isa prakAra yaMtrArUr3hasvarUpa niyoga hai| so yaha usakA kathana bhI parama brahmavAda ke pratikUla nahIM hai, kyoMki puruSa kA kevala abhimAna karane ko niyogapanA kahA gayA hai aura vaha abhimAna to avidyA ke udaya ko kAraNa mAnakara hogayA hai - yahI vidhivAdiyoM kA mantavya hai| dasaveM pakSa ke anusAra bhaviSya meM bhogane yogya padArthasvarUpa niyoga hai, yaha kahanA bhI yukti rahita hai, kyoMki niyoktA puruSa aura preraNA se zUnya ho rahe bhogya ko usa niyogapana kI upapatti nahIM ho sakatI hai| gyArahaveM pakSa ke anusAra puruSa svabhAva rUpa niyoga bhI ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki vaha puruSa to nitya hai| ata: aisA niyoga mAnane para to niyoga ko bhI nityapanA ho jAne kA prasaMga AtA hai jabaki niyoga nitya hI hai, to vedavAkyoM dvArA usakA navIna pratipAdana kyoM kiyA jA rahA hai? kevala puruSa kI vidhi ko hI niyoga vAkyoM dvArA pratipAdana yA ajJAta jJApana karanA svIkAra karane para to niyogavAdiyoM kI vedAntavAda meM paripUrNa rUpa se prApti ho jAtI hai| to phira nAma mAtra kA bhI niyogavAda kisa prakAra se siddha ho sakatA hai? arthAt nhiiN| "syAnmataM' se prArambha kara "nAmeti' taka vidhivAdiyoM ne niyoga ke gyArahoM pakSoM kA pratyAkhyAna kiyA hai| aba zrI vidyAnanda AcArya kahate haiM ki yaha vidhivAdiyoM kA kathana nissAra hai, kyoMki sarvathA vidhi ko bhI vAkya kA arthapanA ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| "dRSTavyoreyamAtmA" ina zabda, ceSTA, Adi se AtmA ke dRSTavyapana, mantavyapana Adi kI vaha vidhi bhI adRSTavya, amantavyapana Adi ke vyavaccheda se rahita hai? yA una dRSTavya Adi se bhinna kI vyAvRtti karane vAlI hai ? prathama pakSa anusAra yadi dRSTavya Adi kI vidhi ko adRSTavya Adi ke apoha karane se rahita mAnoge taba to kisI bhI puruSa kI pravRtti kA kAraNa vaha vidhi nahIM ho skegii| kyoMki hita-ahita ko vicArane vAle puruSoM kI pravRttiyA~ pratiniyata ho rahe viSaya kI vidhi ke sAtha avinAbhAva rakhatI haiM aura usa viparIta ke parihAra ke sAtha avinAbhAva rakhatI haiN| jaise ki caTAI ko bunanA cAhie aisA nirdeza dene para naukara kI kaTa meM karttavyapana kI vidhi usa caTAI se bhinna paTa, ghaTa, mukuTa
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 115 yathA / na hi kaTakartavyatAvidhiratadvyavacchedamaMtareNa vyavahAramAryamavatArayituM zakyaH / paraparihArasahito vidhi: zabdArtha iti cet, tarhi vidhipratiSedhAtmakaH zabdArtha iti kuto vidhyekAMtavAdapratiSThA prtissedhaikaaNtvaadvt| syAnmataM, paraparihArasya guNIbhUtatvAdvidhereva pravRttyaMgatve prAdhAnyAdvidhiH zabdArtha iti / kathamidAnIM zuddhakAryAdirUpaniyogavyavasthitirna syAt? kAryasyaiva zuddhasya pravRttyaMgatayA pradhAnatvopapatteH, niyojyAdeH satopi guNIbhAvAt / tadvatpreraNAdisvabhAvaniyogavAdinAM preraNAdau prdhaantaabhipraayaat| taditarasya satopi guNIbhAvAdhyavasAyAdhukto niyogaH shbdaarthH| zuddhakAryapreraNAdiSu svAbhiprAyAt kasyacitpradhAnabhAvepi parAbhiprAyAtpradhAnatvAbhAvAdanyatarasyApi svabhAvasyAvyavasthite kasyApi zabdArthatvamiti cet, tarhi puruSAdvaitavAdyAzayavazAdvidheH pradhAnatvepi tAthAgatamatAzrayaNAdapradhAnatAghaTanAt sopi na pratiSThAmaTATyeta Adi aprakRtaka arthoM kI vyAvRtti kiye binA yogya vyavahAra mArga meM pravRtti karanA zakya nahIM hai| dvitIya pakSa anusAra yadi vidhivAdI anya kA parihAra karane se sahita vidhi ko zabda kA artha mAneMge, taba to zabda kA artha vidhi aura niSedha ubhayAtmaka siddha hogaa| ataH vidhivAdiyoM kI kevala vidhi ekAnta ke pakSa parigraha kI pratiSThA kaise ho sakatI hai| jaise ki bauddhoM ke kevala pratiSedha karane ko vAkya kA artha mAnane ke pakSa kI pratiSThA nahIM ho sakatI hai| arthAt-vidhi aura niSedha donoM hI zabda ke artha vyavasthita haiN| kevala vidhi aura kevala niSedha vAkya ke artha nahIM haiN| : zaMkA - para padArthoM kA parihAra karanA zabda kA artha hai, kintu vaha para kA parihAra gauNa hai| pradhAnapane se vidhi ko hI pravRtti kA hetupanA dekhA jAtA hai| arthAt kartavya kArya kI vidhi kara dene se niyukta purUSa kI vahA~ tatkAla pravRtti ho jAtI hai| ataH zabda kA pradhAnatA se artha vidhi hai| anya kA niSedha to zabda kA gauNa artha hai| samAdhAna - isa prakAra advaitavAdiyoM dvArA svapakSa kI puSTi kiye jAne para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki, isa prakAra zuddha kArya, zuddha preraNA Adi svarUpa niyoga kI vyavasthA kaise nahIM hotI hai ? kyoMki pravRtti karAne kA mukhya aMga hone se zuddha kArya ko hI pradhAnatA prApta ho sakatI hai| aura niyojya puruSa, yA viSaya, Adi ke vidyamAna hone para bhI gauNapanA mAna liyA jAtA hai arthAt zuddha kArya bhI niyoga kA artha ho jAtA hai| puruSa, zabda, phala, vahA~ sabhI vidyamAna haiM, phira bhI pradhAna hone se zuddha kArya ko niyoga kaha diyA gayA hai| zeSa saba apradhAna rUpa se zabda ke vAcya ho jAte haiN| usI ke samAna zuddha preraNA, kArya sahitA preraNA Adi svarUpa niyoga ko mAnane vAle prAbhAkaroM ke yahA~ preraNA Adi meM pradhAnapane kA aMbhiprAya hai| aura unase bhinna puruSa, phala Adi padArthoM ke vidyamAna hote hue bhI unako gauNa rUpa se zabda dvArA jAna liyA hai| ataH niyoga ko zabda kA artha mAnanA samucita hai| zuddha kArya, zuddha preraNA Adi meM prAbhAkaroM ke apane abhiprAya se kisI eka ko pradhAnapanA hone para bhI dUsare bhaTTa, vedAntI, bauddha Adi ke abhiprAya se pradhAnapanA svIkRta nahIM kiyA gayA hai| ata: zabda ke una pradhAna apradhAna donoM arthoM meM se kisI eka bhI svabhAva rUpa niyoga kI vyavasthA nahIM ho pAtI hai| ataH eka ko bhI zabda kA vAcyArthapanA nahIM hai| isa prakAra vidhivAdiyoM ke kahane para AcArya kahate haiM ki taba to puruSAdvaitavAdI ke Azayavaza vidhi ko pradhAnapanA hone para bhI bauddhamata ke Azraya se vidhi ko
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 116 viprtipttisdbhaavaavishessaat| pramANarUpazca yadi vidhiH tadA prmeymnydvaacyN| tatsvarUpameva prameyamiticet, kathamasyArthadvayarUpatA na virudhyate? kalpanayeticet, tInyApohaH zabdArthaH kathaM pratiSidhyate? apramANatvavyAvRttyA vidheH pramANatvavacanAdaprameyatvavyAvRttyA ca prameyatvaparikalpanAt / padArthasvarUpavidhAyakatvamaMtareNAnyApohamAtra-vidhAyakasya zabdasya kvacitpravartakatvAyogAdanyApoho na zabdArtha iticet, tarhi padArthasvarUpavidhAyakasyApi zabdasyAnyApohAnabhidhAyinaH kathamanyaparihAreNa kvacitpravRttinimittatvasiddhiH yena vidhimAtraM zabdArtha: syAt / paramapuruSa eva vidhiH sa eva ca pramANaM prameyaM cAvidyAvazAdAbhAsate pratibhAsamAtravyatirekeNa vyAvRttyAderapyasaMbhavAdityapi dattottaraM, pratibhAsavyatiriktasya apradhAnapanA ghaTita ho jAtA hai| ataH vaha vidhi bhI pratiSThA ko atizaya rUpa se prApta nahIM ho pAtI hai| kyoMki kaI dArzanikoM kI ora se vivAdoM kA sadbhAva vidhi aura niyoga donoM meM antara rahita hai arthAt samAna hai| vidhi ko yadi pramANasvarUpa mAnA jAyegA to usa samaya usa pramANa rUpa vidhi karake jAnane yogya prameya padArtha ko pRthak mAnanA pdd'egaa| yadi usa vidhisvarUpa hI prameya padArtha mAnA jAyegA, taba to svabhAvoM se rahita isa eka niraMza vidhi ko pramANa aura prameya do padArtha svarUpapanA viruddha kyoM nahIM hogA? yadi advaitavAdI kahe ki eka hI padArtha meM kalpanA se do padArtha (pramANa, prameya) rUpa bana jAtA hai isameM koI virodha nahIM hai isa para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki taba to bauddhoM dvArA svIkRta zabda kA artha anyApoha advaitavAdiyoM dvArA kyoM niSedha kiyA jAtA hai ? apramANapane kI vyAvRtti se vidhi ko pramANapanA kaha denA cAhie aura aprameyapana kI vyAvRtti se prameyapanA dharma mAna lenA caahie| padArtha ke svarUpoM kI vidhi kA kathana karA dene ke binA hI kevala anyoM kI vyAvRtti kA hI kathana karane vAle zabda kA kahIM kisI eka vivakSita padArtha meM pravartakapanA ghaTita nahIM ho sktaa| ata: anyApoha yahA~ zabda kA artha nahIM hai| isa prakAra advaitavAdiyoM ke kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki vastu ke vidhisvarUpa kA kathana karane vAle hI zabda ke dvArA yadi anyApoha kA kathana karanA nahIM mAnA jAyegA to usa anyApoha ko nahIM kahane vAle zabda kA anyoM kA parihAra karake kisI eka niyata viSaya meM hI pravRtti kA nimitta kAraNapanA kaise siddha hogA? jisase ki kevala vidhi hI zabda kA artha ho ske| arthAt jaba taka vivakSita padArthoM se atirikta par3e hue padArthoM kI vyAvRtti nahIM kI jAyegI taba taka usI niyata padArtha meM pravRtti kaise ho sakatI hai? paramabrahma hI to vidhi padArtha hai aura saMsArI jIvoM ko vahI avidyA ke vaza se pramANa svarUpa aura prameya svarUpa pratibhAsita hotA hai| kevala zuddha pratibhAsa ke atirikta vyAvRtti Adi kI bhI asambhavatA hai| vidhivAdiyoM ke isa vaktavya kA bhI uttara diyA jA cukA hai| kyoMki pratibhAsa se atirikta pratibhAsane yogya ghaTa, paTa Adi arthoM kI vyavasthA karA dI jA cukI hai| ata: niyoga ke samAna vidhi ko bhI pramANAtmaka mAnane para aneka doSa Ate haiN|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 117 pratibhAsyasyArthasya vyavasthApitAtvAt / prameyarUpo vidhiriti vacanamayuktaM, pramANAbhAve prameyarUpatvAyogAttasyaiva ca dvyruuptvvirodhaat| kalpanAvazAdvidheyarUpatve anyaapohvaadaanussNgsyaavishessaat| pramANaprameyobhayarUpo vidhirityapyanena nirastaM bhavatu / anubhayarUpo'sAviticet, kharazRMgAdivadavastutApattiH kathamiva tasya nivAryatAM? tathA yaMtrArUDho vAkyArtha ityekAMtopi viparyaya evAnyApohamaMtareNa tasya prvrtktvaayogaadvidhivcnvt| etena bhogyameva puruSa eva vAkyArtha ityapyekAnto nirastaH, niyogavizeSatayA ca yaMtrArUDhAdeH prtivihittvaat| na punsttprtividhaanetitraamaadrosmaakmityuprmyte| tathAnyApoha eva zabdArtha ityekAMto viparyaya: svarUpavidhimaMtareNAnyApohasyAsaMbhavAt / vaktrabhiprAyArUDhasyArthasya vidhirevAnyApoha itthaM iti cet, tathaiva bahirarthasya vidhi prameya svarUpa hai, isa prakAra dvitIya pakSa anusAra kahanA bhI yukti rahita hai| kyoMki pramANa ko svIkAra kiye binA vidhi meM prameya svarUpapanA nahIM ghaTatA hai| aura usa eka hI vidhi padArtha ko ekAntavAdiyoM ke yahA~ pramANapana, prameyapana, ina do svarUpapane kA virodha hai| yadi kalpanAvaza vidhi ko pramANa, prameya donoM rUpa mAnA jAegA to bauddhoM ke anyApohavAda kA prasaMga AtA hai, kyoMki ina donoM meM koI antara . nahIM hai jisase ki vidhi meM prameyapana mAnate hue anya vyAvRttiyA~ svIkAra nahIM kI jaaveN| aba tRtIya vikalpa ke anusAra pramANa, prameya ubhaya svarUpa vidhi hai| yaha kalpanA bhI isa ukta kathana se nirAkRta kara dI gayI hai kyoMki do rUpapane meM jo doSa Ate haiM vahI doSa ubhayarUpa mAnane meM prApta hote haiN| ___yadi caturtha kalpanA anusAra vaha vidhi anubhayasvarUpa mAnI jAyegI arthAt pramANa prameya donoM ke sAtha atadAtmaka vidhi ko vAkya kA artha mAnA jAyegA, taba to khara viSANa, AkAza kusuma Adi ke samAna usa vidhi ko avastupana kI Apatti ho jAnA kisa prakAra nivAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai ? ata: vAkya kA artha. vidhi nahIM ho sakatA hai| yaMtra meM ArUr3ha ho jAnA vAkya kA artha hai| isa prakAra ekAnta karanA bhI kuzruta jJAna rUpa viparyaya jJAna hai| kyoMki anya kI vyAvRtti kiye binA usa yaMtrArUr3ha ko kisI hI vivakSita viSaya meM pravRtti karA denA pana ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| jaise ki vAkya ke dvArA vidhi kA hI kathana honA mAnane para kisI vizeSa hI padArtha meM vidhi ko pravartakapanA nahIM banatA hai| isa ukta kathana ke dvArA bhogyarUpa hI vAkya kA artha hai athavA AtmA hI vAkya kA artha hai, ye ekAnta bhI nirAkRta kara diye gaye haiN| kyoMki gyAraha prakAra ke niyogoM kA vizeSa bheda ho jAne se yaMtrArUr3ha purUSasvarUpa Adi niyogoM kA pUrva prakaraNoM meM khaNDana kiyA jA cukA hai, puna: unake khaNDana karane meM hamArA atyadhika Adara nahIM hai| ataH virAma liyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra mImAMsaka aura advaitavAdiyoM dvArA niyoga bhAvanA aura vidhi ko vAkya kA artha mAnanA viparyaya jJAna hai| tathA, anyApoha hI zabda kA artha hai yaha bauddhoM kA ekAnta bhI viparyaya jJAna hai| kyoMki vastu ke svarUpa kI vidhi ke binA anyApoha kI asaMbhavatA hai arthAt jaba kisI kI vidhi karanA hI niyata nahIM
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 118 vidhirastu vizeSAbhAvAt / tena zabdasya saMbaMdhAbhAvAnna zabdAttadvidhiriti cet, tata eva vaktrabhipretasyApyarthasya vidhirmAbhUt / tena saha kAryakAraNabhAvasya saMbaMdhasya sadbhAvAcchabdasya tadvidhAyitvamiti cenna, vivakSAmaMtareNApi saptAdyavasthAyAM zabdasya pravattidarzanAtkAryatvAdavyavasthAnAta / pratikSiptazcAnyApohaikAMta: parastAditi trkitN| niyogo bhAvanA dhAtvartho vidhiyaMtrArUDhAdiranyApoho vA yadA kaizcidekAMtena viSayo vAkyasyAnumanyate tadA tajjanitaM vedanaM zrutAbhAsaM pratipattavyaM, tathA vAkyArthanirNItervidhAtuM duHzakatvAditi / kaH punaravadhiviparyaya ityAhahai, to anyoM kI vyAvRtti kaise kI jA sakatI hai| vaktA ke abhiprAya meM ArUr3ha artha kI vidhi hI anyApoha hai arthAt-vastubhUta artha ko zabda nahIM chUtA hai| vivakSArUpa kalpanA meM abhirUr3ha artha kI vidhi ko kara detA hai| isa prakAra bauddhoM ke kahane para to bahirbhUta vAstavika artha kI zabda dvArA vidhi ho jAtI haiN| vivakSita artha kI vidhi aura bahiraMga vAcya artha kI vidhi karane meM koI antara nahIM hai| usa bahiraMga artha ke sAtha zabda kA koI vAstavika vAcya vAcaka rUpa sambandha nahIM hai| ataH zabda dvArA usa bahirbhUta artha kI vidhi nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| isa prakAra bauddhoM ke kahane para to aisA sambandha nahIM hone se vaktA ko vivakSita artha kI bhI vidhi nahIM ho skegii| ata: usa vivakSA meM sthita artha ke sAtha kArya-kAraNa bhAva sambandha kI sahAyatA se zabda ke vivakSita artha kI vidhi ko karA denApanA hai| aisA kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki gAr3harUpa se huI suptAvasthA yA mUrcchita Adi avasthAoM meM vivakSA ke binA bhI zabda kI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai| ata: usa vivakSA ke kAryapane ke dvArA zabda kI vyavasthA nahIM hai| isa prakAra pUrva ke prakaraNoM dvArA anyApoha ke ekAnta kA khaNDana kiyA jA cukA hai| ata: adhika tarkaNA karane se kyA prayojana hai? niyoga, bhAvanA, zuddha dhAtvartha, vidhi, yaMtrArUDha, puruSa Adi athavA anyApoha, ye ekAnta rUpa se jaba kabhI vAkya ke dvArA viSaya kiye gaye artha kinhIM matAvalambiyoM ke dvArA svasiddhAnta anusAra mAne jAte haiM, usa samaya niyoga Adi ko viSaya karane vAle una vAkyoM se utpanna huA jJAna zrutajJAnAbhAsa samajhanA caahie| kyoMki, usa prakAra unake mantavya anusAra vAkya artha kA nirNaya karanA duHsAdhya hai arthAt - unake dvArA mAnA gayA vAkya kA artha pramANoM se nirNIta nahIM hotA hai| ata: ve usa samaya kuzruta jJAnI haiN| isa prakAra matijJAna zrutajJAnoM ke AbhAsoM kA varNana kiyA hai| kyoMki kAraNaviparyAsa, svarUpaviparyAsa aura bhedAbheda viparyAsa ko avalambana lekara aneka sampradAyoM ke anusAra jIvoM ke aneka kujJAna utpanna hote haiN| samyagjJAna kA antaraMga kAraNa samyagdarzana ho jAne para cauthe guNasthAna se prArambha kara Upara ke guNasthAnoM meM virpayaya jJAna nahIM hotA hai| avadhijJAna kA viparyaya kyA hai? aisI jAnane kI icchA hone para zrI vidyAnanda AcArya kahate into
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 119 bhavaM pratItya yo jAto guNaM vA prANinAmiha / dezAvadhiH sa vijJeyo dRssttimohaadvipryyH||115|| satsaMyamavizeSottho na jAtu paramAvadhiH / sarvAvadhirapi vyasto mana:paryayabodhavat // 116 // paramAvadhiH sarvAvadhizca na kadAcidviparyayaH satsaMyamavizeSotthatvAt mn:pryyvditi| dezAvadhireva kasyacinmithyAdarzanAvirbhAve viparyayaH prtipaadyte| kiM punaH kartuM pramANAtmakasamyagjJAnavidhau prakRte viparyayaM jJAnamanekadhA matyAdi prarUpitaM sUtrakArairityAha iti pramANAtmavibodhasaMvidhau viparyayajJAnamanekadhoditam / vipakSavikSepamukhena nirNayaM subodharUpeNa vidhaatumudytaiH||117|| bhava ko kAraNa mAnakara athavA kSayopazama rUpa guNa ko kAraNa mAnakara prANiyoM ke utpanna huI jo dezAvadhi hai usako darzana-mohanIya karma kA udaya ho jAne se viparyaya jJAna samajhanA caahie| viziSTa prakAra ke zreSTha saMyamI muni ke utpanna sarvAvadhi aura paramAvadhi kabhI viparyayapane ko prApta nahIM hotI hai, jaise ki mana:paryaya jJAna kA viparyaya nahIM hotA hai| caramazarIrI saMyamI muni ke hone vAle paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi jJAna kadAcid bhI viparIta nahIM hote haiM aura RddhidhArI vizeSa muni ke hone vAlA mana:paryaya jJAna bhI samyagdarzana kA samAnAdhikaraNa hone se viparyaya nahIM hotA hai| avadhijJAna meM kevala dezAvadhi hI mithyAtva yA anantAnubandhI karma ke udaya kA sAhacarya prApta hone para viparIta jJAnarUpa vibhaMga ho jAtI hai||115-116|| atIva zreSTha saMyama vizeSa se utpanna hone ke kAraNa paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi to kabhI viparIta jJAnasvarUpa nahIM hotI hai| jaise ki mana:paryaya jJAna viparIta nahIM hotA hai parantu dezAvadhi hI kisI jIva ke mithyAdarzana ke prakaTa ho jAne para viparyaya kahI jAtI hai| pramANasvarUpa samyagjJAna kI vidhi kA prakaraNa cala rahA hai| phira sUtrakAra ne kisa lie mati Adi tIna jJAnoM ko aneka prakAroM se viparyaya jJAna svarUpa isa sUtra dvArA nirUpita kiyA hai? aisI jijJAsA hone paraM zrI vidyAnanda AcArya kahate haiM - . isa pUrvokta prakAra pramANa svarUpa samyagjJAna kI vidhi ho jAne para viparIta pakSa ke khaNDana kI 'mukhyatA se samIcIna bodhasvarUpa ke dvArA nirNaya kA vidhAna karane ke lie udyata zrI umAsvAmI ne aneka prakAra ke viparyaya jJAna kA isa sUtra dvArA kathana kiyA hai| pahile prakaraNoM meM kathita samyagjJAna kA nirUpaNa tabhI nirNIta ho sakatA hai, jabaki unase viparIta mithyAjJAnoM kA jJAna karA diyA jaae| ataH tInoM mithyAjJAnoM se vyAvRtta samyagjJAna upAdeya hai||117||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 120 pUrvaM samyagavabodhasvarUpavidhirUpamukhena nirNayaM vidhAya vipakSavikSepamukhenApi taM vidhAtumudyatairanekadhA viparyayajJAnamuditaM vAdinobhayaM kartavyaM svaparapakSasAdhanadUSaNamiti nyAyAnusaraNAt, svavidhisAmarthyAt pratiSedhasya siddhestatsAmarthyAdvA svapakSavidhisiddhe!bhayavacanamarthavaditi pravAdasyAvasthApitumazakte :, sarvatra sAmarthyasiddhasyAvacanaprasaMgAt / sveSTavyAghAtasyAnuSaMgAt / kvacitsAmarthyasiddhasyApi vacane syAdvAdanyAyasyaiva siddheH sarvaM shuddhm|| ___ iti tattvArthazlokavArtikAlaMkAre prathamasyAdhyAyasya cturthmaahnikm|| pahile samyagjJAna ke svarUpa kA vidhisvarUpa kI mukhyatA se nirNaya kara puna: samyagjJAna ke vipakSI mithyAjJAnoM ke nirAkaraNa kI mukhyatA se bhI usa nirNaya kA vidhAna karane ke liye udyamI sUtrakAra ne aneka prakAra ke viparyaya jJAna kA kathana kiyA hai| yadyapi samyagjJAnoM kI vidhi se hI mithyAjJAnoM kA anAyAsa nivAraNa ho jAtA hai| athavA mithyAjJAnoM kA akele nivAraNa kara dene se hI samyagjJAnoM kI vidhi ho jAtI hai| phira bhI vAdI ko donoM kArya karane caahie| apane pakSa kA sAdhana karanA, dUsaroM ke pratipakSa meM dUSaNa uThAnA isa nIti kA anusaraNa karake granthakAra ne donoM kArya kiye haiN| athavA zrI umAsvAmI mahArAja ne vidhimukha aura niSedhamukha donoM se samyagjJAna aura mithyAjJAnoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| ata: siddha hai ki samIcInavAdI vidvAn ko svapakSasAdhana aura parapakSa meM dUSaNa ina donoM kA kathana karanA caahie| saugata kahatA hai ki apane pakSa kI vidhi kara dene kI sAmarthya se hI pratipakSa ke niSedha kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| athavA usa parapakSa ke niSedha kI siddhi ho jAne se hI arthApatti ke bala se svapakSa ke sAmarthya kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| ata: donoM kA kathana karanA vyartha hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki ukta prakAra ke pravAda kI vyavasthA karanA zakya nahIM hai| kyoMki aisA kahane para to sabhI sthaloM para binA kahe sAmarthya se siddha padArtha ke kathana nahIM karane kA prasaMga aaegaa| aisI dazA meM apane iSTa siddhAnta ke vyAghAta ho jAne kA bhI prasaMga aaegaa| arthAt bauddhoM ne "yat sat tat sarvaM kSaNikaM"- isa vyApti anusAra samarthana upanaya Adi kA punarapi nirUpaNa kiyA hai| kisI vyakti kI vidvattA kA niSedha karane para bhI mUrkhatA kA vidhAna nahIM ho jAtA hai| athavA hetu kI pakSa meM vidhi kara dene se hI vipakSa meM niSedha nahIM ho jAtA hai| sAmarthya se siddha padArtha kA yadi zabda dvArA nirUpaNa karanA kahIM-kahIM iSTa kara lene para to syAdvAda nyAya kI hI siddhi hogii| ata: anekAnta mata anusAra sampUrNa vyavasthA nirdoSa hokara zuddha bana jAtI hai, anyathA nhiiN| isa prakAra tattvArtha zlokavArttika alaMkAra grantha meM prathama adhyAya kA caturtha Ahnika samApta huaa| samyagdarzana yA jIva Adi padArthoM kA adhigama karAne vAle pramANoM kA varNana ho cukaahai| usa pramANa ke pazcAt kahe gaye nayoM kA nirUpaNa karanA aba avasara prApta hai| ata: AcArya nayoM kI bhedagaNanA kahane vAle sUtra ko kahate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 121 naigamasaMgrahavyavahArarjusUtrazabdasamabhirUdvaivaMbhUtA nyaaH||33|| kiM kRtvAdhunA kiM ca kartumidaM sUtraM bravItItyAhanirdezyAdhigamopAyaM pramANamadhunA nyaan| nayairadhigametyAdi prAha saMkSepato'khilAn // 1 // pramANanayairadhigama ityanena pramANaM nayAzcAdhigamopAyA ityuddiSTaM / tatra pramANaM tattvArthAdhigamopAyaM prapaMcato nirdezyAdhunA nayAMstadadhigamopAyAnakhilAn saMkSepatonyathA ca vyAkhyAtumidaM prAha bhagavAn / kathaM? nayasAmAnyasya tallakSaNasyaiva saMkSepato vibhAgasya vizeSalakSaNasya ca vistarato nayavibhAgasya ativistarato nayaprapaMcasya cAtra pratipAdanAt sarvathA nayaprarUpaNasya sUtritatvAditi brUmahe // naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta ye sAta naya haiN| yadyapi pramANoM se naya bhinna haiM phira bhI zabdoM dvArA jAnane yogya viSaya ko batAne vAle zrutajJAna ke ekadeza ko naya mAnA hai||33|| aba Age kyA karane ke lie isa sUtra ko zrI umAsvAmI vyakta kara rahe haiM? isa prakAra tarkI ziSya kI jijJAsA hone para zrI vidyAnanda AcArya kahate haiM - - "pramANanayairadhigamaH" 'mati:smRtiH', 'zrutaM matipUrva' ityAdi sUtroM dvArA tattvoM kI adhigati karane ke pradhAna upAya mUla pramANa kA nirdeza (kathana) karake aba adhigama ke upAyabhUta sampUrNa nayoM ko saMkSepa meM sUtrakAra kaha rahe haiN| 'pramANanayairadhigamaH' - isa sUtra meM 'nayaiH' kahakara nayoM ko bhI adhigama kA karaNa kahA jA cukA hai||1|| "pramANanayairadhigamaH" isa sUtra ke dvArA pramANa aura naya ye adhigama karane ke upAya haiM, isa prakAra kaMthana kiyA gayA hai| - una adhigati ke upAyoM meM tattvArthoM ke adhigama ke upAyabhUta pramANa ko vistAra se nirUpaNa kara aba una tattvArthoM yA unake aMzoM kI adhigati ke upAyabhUta sampUrNa nayoM ko saMkSepa se aura vistAra, ativistAra se vyAkhyAna karane ke lie isa sUtra ko granthakAra ne kahA hai| kisa prakAra se isa sUtra meM nayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai? isake uttara meM vidyAnanda AcArya kahate haiM ki prathama hI naya sAmAnya kA eka hI bheda svarUpa nirUpaNa aura usa naya sAmAnya ke lakSaNa kA hI saMkSepase pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai tathA vibhAga kA abhiprAya karate hue nayoM ke vizeSa do bheda kara unake lakSaNa kA aura vistAra ke sAtha nayoM ke vibhAga kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| aura bhI nayoM ke vibhAga kA atyanta vistAra se nayoM ke bheda-prabhedoM kA isa sUtra meM vistRta kathana kiyA gayA hai| 'yahA~ prathama vicAra ke anusAra sAmAnya rUpa se naya kI saMkhyA kA aura naya ke lakSaNa kA nirUpaNa karate hue zrI vidyAnanda AcArya kahate haiN|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika *122 tatra sAmAnyato nayasaMkhyA lakSaNaM ca nirUpayannAhasAmAnyAdezatastAvadeka eva nayaH sthitH| syAdvAdapravibhaktArthavizeSavyaMjanAtmakaH // 2 // sAmAnyAdezAttAvadeka eva nayaH sthitaH saamaanysyaanektvvirodhaat| sa ca syAdvAdapravibhaktArthavizeSavyaMjako naya iti vcnaat| nanu cedaM hetorlakSaNavacanamiti kecit / tadayuktaM / hetoH syAdvAdena pravibhaktasyArthasya sakalasya vizeSa vyNjyitmsmrthtvaadnytropcaaraat| hetajanitasya bodhasya vyaMjaka: pradhAnabhAvata eva yuktaH / sa ca naya eva svArthekadezavyavasAyAtmakatvAdityuktaM / nanvevaM dRSTeSTaviruddhenApi rUpeNa sAmAnya kI vivakSA karane se to naya eka hI vyavasthita hai arthAt cAhe kitane bhI padArtha kyoM nahIM hoM, sAmAnya rUpa se unakA eka hI prakAra ho sakatA hai; do, cAra Adi nhiiN| sampUrNa nayoM meM vyApane vAlA naya kA sAmAnya lakSaNa to zrI samantabhadra AcArya ne AptamImAMsA meM isa prakAra kahA hai ki "syAdvAdapravibhaktArthavizeSavyaJjako nayaH" syAdvAda zrutajJAna ke dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye vizeSa vizeSAMzoM ke vibhAga se yukta arthoM ke vizeSa ko vyakta kara denA naya hai| pramANa se grahaNa kiye gaye artha ke ekadeza ko grahaNa karane vAlA vaktA kA abhiprAya vizeSanaya hai||2|| sarvaprathama sAmAnya kI vivakSA se naya eka hI vyavasthita hai| kyoMki sAmAnya kA anekapane ke sAtha virodha hai| (samAna padArthoM kA sAmudAyika pariNAma mahAsattA ke samAna eka ho sakatA hai|) syAdvAda siddhAnta dvArA prakRSTa rUpa se jAna liye gaye guNa, paryAya Adi kA vibhAga karake yukta artha ke vizeSoM kA vyaMjaka naya hai| aneka svabhAvoM ke sAtha tadAtmaka ho rahe paripUrNa artha ko jAnane vAlA jJAna pramANa hai| aura usa artha ke anya dharmoM kI apekSA rakhatA huA aMzoM ko jAnane vAlA jJAna naya hai| tathA anya dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa karake aMzagrAhI jJAna kunaya hai| AptamImAMsA meM ahetuvAda rUpa syAdvAda Agama aura hetuvAda rUpa naya ina donoM se alaMkRta tattvajJAna ko pramANa kahate hue zrI samantabhadra AcArya ke samakSa hetu ke lakSaNa kI jijJAsA prakaTa kiye jAne para ziSya ke prati svAmI jI ne "sadharmaNaiva sAdhyasya sAdhAdavirodhataH syAdvAdapravibhaktArtha vizeSavyaJjako nayaH" - isa kArikA dvArA hetu kA lakSaNa kahA hai| isako naya kA parizuddha lakSaNa to nahIM mAnanA caahie| kyoMki kisI prakaraNavaza kahI gayI bAta kA anya prakaraNoM meM bhI vahI artha lagA lenA ucita nahIM hai| isa prakAra koI kaha rahA hai| aba AcArya kahate haiM ki unakA yaha kahanA yukti rahita hai| kyoMki syAdvAda dvArA pravibhakta kiye gaye sakala artha ke vizeSa kI vyakta jJapti karAne ke lie hetu kA sAmarthya nahIM hai| upacAra se hetu ko jJApaka kahA jA sakatA hai| upacAra ke sivAya vastuta: jJApaka cetana jJAna hI hote haiN| hetu se utpanna hue bodha kI pradhAna rUpa se vyaMjanA (jJapti) karane vAlA vaha naya jJAna hI yukta ho sakatA hai| athavA hetu se utpanna hue jJAna kA vyaMjaka pradhAna rUpa se hI kArya ko karane vAlA kAraNa ho sakegA aura vaha jJAnAtmaka naya hI ho sakatA hai| kyoMki karaNa Atmaka apane aura karmasvarUpa artha ke ekadeza kA vyavasAya karanA svarUpa naya hotA hai| isa prakAra hama pUrva meM "pramANanayairadhigamaH" sUtra kI caturtha vArtika meM kaha cuke haiN|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 123 tasya vyaMjako nayaH syAditi na zaMkanIyaM, "sadharmaNaiva sAdhyasya sAdhAdavirodhataH" iti vacanAt / samAno hi dharmo yasya dRSTAMtasya tena sAdharmya sAdhyasya dharmiNo manAgapi vaidhaabhaavaat| tatosyAvirodhenaiva vyaMjaka iti nizcIyate dRSTAMtasAdhAdadRSTAMtotsaraNAdityanena dRSTavirodhasya nivartanAt / na tu kathaMcidapi dRSTAMtavaidhAdadRSTavaiparItyAdityaneneSTavirodhasya pariharaNAt dRSTaviparItasya srvthaanisstttvaat| svayamudAhRtazcaivaM lakSaNo nayaH svAmisamaMtabhadrAcAryaiH / "sadeva sarvaM ko necchetsvarUpAdicatuSTayAt" iti sarvasya vastunaH syAdvAdapravibhaktasya isa prakAra to pratyakSa pramANa dvArA dekhe gaye aura anumAna Adi pramANoM se iSTa kiye gaye svarUpoM se viruddha ho rahe svarUpoM ke dvArA usa artha kI vyaJjanArUpa jJapti karAne vAlA jJAna naya ho jAyegA? aisI zaMkA nahIM karanI caahie| kyoMki "dRSTAnta dharmI ke sAtha iSTa, abAdhita, asiddha svarUpa sAdhya kA sAdharmya ho jAne se avirodha rUpa se padArtha vizeSoM kA jJApaka nayajJAna hai"- aisA zrI samanta bhadra AcArya kA vacana hai| jisa anvaya dRSTAnta kA dharma samAna hai, usake sAtha sAdhyadharmI kA sAdharmya hotA hai| jarA se bhI vaidharmya kA abhAva hai| arthAt - nirNIta kiye gaye dRSTAnta ke sAtha prakaraNaprApta sAdhya kA sAdharmya ho jAne se jJapti karane meM kabhI pratyakSa yA anumAna Adi se virodha nahIM AtA hai| ataH isa artha kA avirodha karake hI naya jJAna vyaMjaka hai, aisA nizcaya kara liyA jAtA hai| anvaya dRSTAnta kA sAdharmya milA dene se anya dRSTAntoM kA nirAkaraNa kara diyA jAtA hai| ata: isa dRSTAnta sAdharmya ke vacana ke dvArA dRSTa pratyakSa pramANa se Ane vAle virodha kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai| anvaya dRSTAntake vidharmApane se yadi naya vyaMjaka hotA to kesI bhI prakAra se pratyakSa dAga Aye hue virodha kI nivRtti nahIM ho sakatI thI aura adRSTa vaiparItya (dRSTa' se viparItapanA nahIM isa) vizeSaNa dvArA to anumAna Adi pramANoM se Ane yogya virodhoM kA parihAra ho jAtA hai| kyoMki dRSTa se viparIta ho rahe anumAna Adi viruddha padArthoM kA nayoM dvArA jJAna ho jAnA sabhI prakAroM se aniSTa hai| "sadharmaNaiva sAdhyasya sAdharmyAt' - isa vAkya karake dRSTAnta sAdharmya aura adRSTAnta vaidharmya ye. donoM artha nikala Ate haiN| ataH dRSTAnta sAdharmya se dRSTa virodha aura adRSTAnta vaidharmya se iSTa virodha kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai| . svAmI zrI samantabhadra AcArya mahArAja ne svayaM apane devAgama stotra meM isI prakAra lakSaNa vAle naya ko udAharaNa dekara samajhAyA hai ki "sadeva sarvaM ko necchet svarUpAdicatuSTayAt / asadeva viparyAsAnna cenna vyvtisstthte|" cetana, acetana, dravya paryAya Adi sampUrNa padArthoM ko svarUpa (svadravya) Adi yAnI svakSetra, svakAla, svabhAva-isa svakIya catuSTaya se sat svarUpa hI kauna nahIM cAhatA? arthAt svacatuSTaya se sampUrNa padArtha astirUpa haiN| yaha eka naya kA viSaya hai tathA parakIya catuSTaya se sampUrNa padArtha nAstisvarUpa hI haiN| yaha dUsarA naya hai| anyathA vyavasthA nahIM ho sakatI hai| svakIya aMzoM kA upAdAna aura parakIya aMzoM kA tyAga karanA hI vastu ke vastutva ko rakSita rakhatA hai| isa prakAra syAdvAda siddhAnta anusAra pRthak- pRthak vizeSa dharmoM se gRhIta sampUrNa vastu kA jo vizeSa sattva hai usa astitva kA svarUpa
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 124 vizeSaH sattvaM tasya vyaMjako bodhaH svarUpAdicatuSTayAd dRSTasAdharmyasya svarUpAdicatuSTayAt sannizcitaM na pararUpAdicatuSTayena tadvatsarvaM vivAdApannaM sat ko necchet? kasyAtra vipratipattiriti vyaakhyaanaat|| saMkSepato nayavibhAgamAmarzayatisaMkSepAvau vizeSeNa drvypryaaygocrau| dravyArtho vyavahArAMtaH paryAyArthastato'paraH // 3 // vizeSata: saMkSepAt dvau nayau dravyArthaH pryaayaarthshc| dravyaviSayo dravyArthaH paryAyaviSayaH paryAyArthaH prathamo naigmsNgrhvyvhaarviklpH| tatoparazcaturdhA RjusuutrshbdsmbhiruudvaivNbhuutviklpaat|| vistareNeti saptaite vijJeyA naigmaadyH| tathAtivistareNaitadbhedAH sNkhyaatvigrhaaH||4|| Adi catuSTaya vyaMjaka jJAna naya hai| iSTa padArtha ke sAtha sAdharmya kA svarUpa Adi catuSTaya se vastu meM astitva nizcita kiyA gayA hai| parakIya rUpa, kSetra Adi ke catuSTaya ke dvArA vastu kA astitva nirNIta nahIM hai| usI ke samAna sabhI vivAda meM prApta jIva, bandha, mokSa Adi padArthoM ke astitva ko kauna iSTa nahIM karegA? arthAt isa prakAra naya kI vivakSA se pramANa siddha padArthoM ke isa astitva meM bhalA kisa vidvAna ko vivAda raha sakatA hai? arthAt kisI ko bhI nhiiN| isa prakAra usa kArikA kA vyAkhyAna hai| sAmAnya rUpa se naya kI saMkhyA aura lakSaNa ko kahakara aba zrI vidyAnanda AcArya naya ke saMkSepa se vibhAgoM kA parAmarza karAte haiN| saMkSepa se naya do prakAra ke haiN| pramANa kI viSayabhUta vastu aMzI hai,tathA dravya aura paryAya usake aMza haiN| vastu ke vizeSa dharma ke dvArA dravya aura paryAya ko viSaya karane vAle kramazaH dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika naya haiN| dravyArthanaya ke naigama, saMgraha aura vyavahAra ye tIna vikalpa haiM aura paryAyArtha naya RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta cAra prakAra kA hai||3|| isa prakAra sAmAnya rUpa se nayoM kA kathana karake AcArya aba vizeSa rUpa se nayoM kA kathana karate haiN| (saMkSepa se naya do haiN| dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika / vastu ke nitya aMza dravya ko viSaya karane vAlA naya dravyArthika hai aura vastu ke anitya aMza paryAyoM ko viSaya karane vAlA naya paryAyArthika hai) prathama dravyArthika naya ke naigama, saMgraha aura vyavahAra ye tIna vikalpa haiN| usase bhinna dUsarA paryAyArthika naya RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta ina bhedoM se cAra prakAra kA hai| vistAra se vicAra karane para ye naigama Adi evaMbhUta paryanta sAta naya haiN| aisA samajha lenA caahie| tathA atyanta vistAra se naya vizeSoM kI jijJAsA hone para saMkhyAte zarIra vAle ina nayoM ke bheda ho jAte haiN| arthAt - zabda vastu ke dharma ko kahate rahate haiN| ataH jitane zabda haiM, utane naya haiM, akAra, kakAra Adi varNoM dvArA banAye gaye abhidhAyaka zabda saMkhyAta prakAra ke haiN| zabdoM ke bheda asaMkhyAta aura ananta nahIM ho sakate haiN| zabdoM kI apekSA nayoM ke bheda adhika se adhika madhyama saMkhyAta haiN| yaha saMkhyA koTi, araba, kharaba, nIla, padma Adi saMkhyAoM se kahIM atyadhika hai||4||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 125 kuta evamata: sUtrAllakSyata ityAhanayo nayau nayAzceti vAkyabhedena yojitaaH| naigamAdaya ityevaM sarvasaMkhyAbhisUcanAt // 5 // naigamasaMgrahavyavahArarjusUtrazabdasamabhirUdvaivaMbhUtA nayA: ityatra naya ityekaM vAkyaM, te nayau dravyArthikaparyAyArthiko iti dvitIyamete nayA: sapteti tRtIyaM, punarapi te nayAH saMkhyAtA zabdata iti caturthaM / saMkSepaparAyAM vAkpravRttau yaugpdyaashrynnaat| nayazca nayau ca nayAzca nayA ityekazeSasya svAbhAvikasyAbhidhAne drshnaat|| sUtra ke dvArA isa prakAra sAmAnya saMkhyA, saMkSepa se bheda, vizeSa svarUpa se vikalpa aura atyanta vistAra se nayoM ke vikalpa-isa prakAra kI sUcanA kisa prakAra jAnI jA sakatI hai? isa prakAra ziSya kI jijJAsA hone para zrI vidyAnanda AcArya kahate haiM __isa sUtra meM vAkyoM :- padoM ke bheda karake eka naya, do naya aura bahuta se naya isa prakAra ekazeSa dvArA yojanA kara dI gayI hai| . .. isa prakAra naigama Adi sAta nayoM ke sAtha 'nayaH' isa eka vacana kA sAmAnAdhikaraNya karane se sAmAnya saMkhyA eka kA bodha ho jAtA hai aura 'nayoM' ke sAtha anvaya kara dene se saMkSepa se do bheda vAle naya ho jAte haiN| tathA 'nayA:' ke sAtha ekArtha kara dene se vistAra aura prati vistAra se nayoM ke bheda jAna liye jAte haiN| isa prakAra isa sUtra dvArA hI cAroM ora se sampUrNa saMkhyAoM kI sUcanA kara dI gaI hai| sadRza artha ko rakhate hue samAna rUpa vAle padoM kA eka vibhakti meM eka hI rUpa avaziSTa raha jAtA hai| 'nayA:'yaha zabda eka naya, do naya, bahuta naya ina arthoM kA svabhAva se hI pratipAdana karatA hai|5|| naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha, evaMbhUta, ye sAta naya haiN| isa prakAra eka vacana lagAkara eka vAkya to yaha hai ki naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha, evaMbhUta ye sAtoM eka naya svarUpa haiM aura dUsarA vAkya 'nayau' lagAkara hai ki naigama Adi sAtoM naya dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika bheda se do prakAra ke haiN| tathA ye sAtoM bahuta nayoM svarUpa haiN| yaha tIsarA vAkya hai| phira bhI zabdoM kI apekSA se ve naigama Adi saMkhyAte naya haiN| yaha caturtha vAkya bhI sUtra kA hai| sUtrakAra ke vacanoM kI pravRtti saMkSepa se kathana karane meM tatpara rahI hai| ataH yugapat cAroM vAkyoM ke kathana karane kA Azraya kara lene se cAra vAkyoM ke sthAna para eka hI sUtravAkya raca diyA gayA hai| cAra vAkyoM ke badale meM eka vAkya banAnA vyAkaraNa zAstra ke pratikUla nahIM hai| kintu anukUla hai| eka naya, do naya aura bahuta naya / isa prakAra dvandva samAsa karane para 'nayAH' - yaha eka pada bana jAtA hai| aneka samAna arthaka padoM ke hone para zabda svabhAva se hI prApta hue ekazeSa kA kathana karanA zabdoM meM dekhA jAtA hai| tathA kinhIM vidvAnoM ke mata anusAra eka naya, bahuta naya, isa prakAra artha kI vivakSA hone para 'nayAH' aisA pUrva meM hI kathana kA uccAraNa dIkha rahA hai| ata: koI virodha nahIM AtA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 126 keSAMcittathA vacanopalaMbhAcca na virudhyte| atra vAkyabhede naigamAderekasya dvayozca sAmAnAdhikaraNyAvirodhAcca gRhA grAma: devamanuSyA ubhau rAzI iti ythaa| nanvevamekatvadvitvAdisaMkhyAgatAvapi kathaM nayasya sAmAnyalakSaNaM dvidhA vibhaktasya tadvizeSaNaM. vijJAyata ityAzaMkAyAmAha; nayAnAM lakSaNaM lakSyaM ttsaamaanyvishesstH| nIyate gamyate yena zrutArthAMzo nayo hi sH||6|| tadaMzau dravyaparyAyalakSaNau sAdhyapakSiNau / nIyete tu yakAbhyAM tau nayAviti vinizcitau / / 7 / / nIyate'neneti naya ityukte tasya viSaya: saamrthyaadaakssipyte| sa ca zrutAkhyapramANaviSayIkRtasyAMza iti tadapekSA niruktirnayasAmAnyalakSaNe lakSayati, tathA nIyete yakAbhyAM tau nayAvityukte tu dravyArthikaparyAyArthiko nayau dvau tau ca dravyaparyAyAviti tadapekSaM nirvacanaM nayavizeSadvayalakSaNaM prakAzayati / __isa sUtra meM vAkyoM kA bheda karane para naigama Adi eka kA ora do kA naya zabda ke sAtha samAna adhikaraNapane kA avirodha hone se usa prakAra ke sUtra vacana meM koI virodha nahIM AtA hai| jaise ki aneka gRha hI to eka grAma hai| sampUrNa deva aura manuSya ye donoM do rAzi haiN| yahA~ 'jas' aura 'su' - aise alaga vacana ke hote hue bhI aneka gRhoM kA eka grAma ke sAtha samAna adhikaraNapanA nirdoSa mAnA gayA hai| 'devamanuSyAH' zabda bahuvacanAnta hai aura rAzI dvivacanAnta hai| donoM kA uddezya vidheya bhAva bana jAtA hai| usI prakAra 'naigamAdayo naya:' 'naigamAdayo nayau' 'naigamAdayo nayA:' isa prakAra bhinna vAkya banAne para uddezya. vidheya dala ke zAbda bodha karane meM koI hAni nahIM AtI hai| zaMkA - isa prakAra nayaH, nayau, nayAH, aisA vAkya bheda karake ekapana, dopana, Adi saMkhyA kA jJAna ho cukane para bhI dravya aura paryAya ina do prakAroM se vibhakta kiye gaye naya kA sAmAnya lakSaNa unakA vizeSaNa hai| yaha vizeSatayA kaise jAnA jA sakatA hai? aisI AzaMkA hone para AcArya kahate haiN| samAdhAna - sAmAnya aura vizeSa rUpa se nayoM kA lakSaNa lakSya yogya hai, ata: jisake dvArA zruta jJAna se jJAta artha kA aMza prApta kiyA jAtA hai (jAnA jAtA hai), vaha jJAna niyama se naya kahA jAtA hai| pramANAtmaka zrutajJAna se jAne gaye usa vastu ke do aMza haiN| eka dravya svarUpa dUsarA paryAya svarUpa jo nayoM ke dvArA sAdhane yogya pakSa meM prApta hai| jina do nayoM ke dvArA vastu ke ve do aMza prApta kara liye jAte haiM, ve do naya haiN| isa prakAra vizeSatayA do naya nirNIta kara diye gaye haiN| naya kA sAmAnya lakSaNa sabhI vizeSa nayoM meM ghaTita ho jAtA hai| sAmAnya naya kA viSaya bhI sabhI nayaviSayoM meM anvita hai||6-7|| jisake dvArA ekavastu ke ekadeza kA jJAna karAyA jAtA hai aisA jJAna naya hai| isa prakAra kahane para usa naya kA viSaya to binA kahe hI zabda kI sAmarthya dvArA upalabdha ho jAtA hai| aura vaha naya zrutajJAna nAmaka pramANa dvArA viSaya kiye jA cuke prameya kA aMza hai| ataH usa viSaya kI apekSA se ho rahI nirukti yahA~ naya ke sAmAnya lakSaNa meM dikhalA dI jAtI hai (yahA~ eka viSaya aura eka hI viSayI hai), tathA jina do jJApakoM ke dvArA vastu ke do aMza gRhIta kiye jAte haiM, ve do naya haiN| isa prakAra kahane para to dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika do naya jJApaka hue aura unake viSaya to vastu ke do aMza dravya aura paryAya hue| isa prakAra
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 127 nanu ca guNaviSayo guNArthikopi tRtIyo vaktavya ityatrAhaguNaH paryAya evAtra sahabhAvI vibhaavitH| iti tadrocaro nAnyastRtIyosti gunnaarthikH||8|| paryAyo hi dvividhaH, kramabhAvI sahabhAvI c| dravyamapi dvividhaM zuddhamazuddhaM c| tatra saMkSepazabdavacane dvitvameva yujyate, paryAyazabdena paryAyasAmAnyasya svavyaktivyApinobhidhAnAt / dravyazabdena ca dravyasAmAnyasya svazaktivyApinaH kthnaat| tato na guNaH sahabhAvI paryAyastRtIyaH shuddhdrvyvt| saMkSepAvivakSAyAM tu una dravya aura paryAyoM kI apekSA se kiyA gayA naya zabda kA nirvacana to naya ke donoM vizeSa lakSaNoM ko prakAzita kara rahA hai arthAt do viSayoM kI apekSA do jJApaka viSayI nirNIta kiye jAte haiN| prazna - vastu ke aMza-dravya, guNa aura paryAya, tIna sune jAte haiN| ata: dravya ko viSaya karane vAlA dravyArthika naya hai aura paryAya aMza ko jAnane vAlA paryAyArthika naya hai| usI prakAra nitya guNoM ko viSaya karane vAlA tIsarA naya guNArthika bhI yahA~ kahanA caahie| isa prakAra prazna hone para AcArya uttara dete haiM - guNArthika naya pRthak nahIM hai| kyoMki paryAyArthika meM usakA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| paryAya kA siddhAnta lakSaNa 'aMzakalpanaM paryAya:' hai| vastu ke sadbhUta aMzoM kI kalpanA karanA paryAya hai| dravya ke dvArA ho rahe aneka kAryoM ko jJApaka hetu mAnakara kalpita kiye gaye pariNAmI nitya guNa to vastu ke sAtha rahane vAle sahabhAvI aMza haiN| ataH SaTsthAna patita hAni vRddhiyoM meM se kisI bhI eka ko pratikSaNa prApta ho rahe, avibhAga praticchedoM ko dhArane vAlI paryAyoM dvArA pariNamana kara rahe rUpa, rasa, cetanA, sukha, astitva, vastutva, Adi guNa to yahA~ sahabhAvI paryAya svarUpa hI haiN| isa kAraNa una guNoM ko viSaya karane vAlA bhinna tIsarA koI guNArthika naya nahIM hai|||8|| ___ paryAyArthika naya kI viSayabhUta paryAyeM do prakAra kI haiM; eka kramazaH hone vAlI bAlya, kumAra, yuvA, vRddha avasthA ke.samAna kramabhAvI hai; dUsarI, zarIra ke hAtha, pA~va Adi avayavoM ke samAna sahabhAvI paryAya hai, jo ki akhaNDa dravya kI nitya zaktiyA~ haiN| tathA dravyArthika naya kA viSaya dravya bhI zuddha dravya aura azuddha dravya ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla, to zuddha dravya hI haiN| jIva dravya meM siddha bhagavAn aura pudgala meM paramANu zuddha dravya kahe jA sakate haiN| sajAtIya dUsare pudgala aura vijAtIya jIva dravya ke sAtha bandha ko prApta ghaTa, paTa, jIvita zarIra Adi azuddha pudgala dravya haiN| tathA vijAtIya pudgala dravya ke sAtha baMdha ko prApta saMsArI jIva azuddha jIva dravya haiN| . ata: naya ke saMkSepa se vizeSa bhedoM ko kahane vAle tIsare vArtika meM 'saMkSepa se' aisA zabda prayoga karane para usa naya zabda meM dvivacanapanA hI ucita hai| paryAya zabda se apanI nitya aMza guNa, kramabhAvI paryAya, kalpita guNa, svabhAva, dharma, avibhAgapraticcheda ina aneka vyaktiyoM meM vyApane vAle paryAyasAmAnya kA kathana ho jAtA hai aura dravya zabda ke dvArA apanI nitya, anitya zaktiyoM ke dhAraka zuddha, azuddha dravyoM meM vyApane vAle dravya sAmAnya kA nirUpaNa ho jAtA hai| ata: sahabhAvI paryAya rUpa nitya guNa koI tIsarA
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 128 vizeSavacanasya catvAro nayAH syuH, paryAyavizeSaguNasyeva dravyavizeSazuddhadravyasya pRthgupaadaanprsNgaat| nanu ca dravyaparyAyayostadvAMstRtIyosti tadviSayastRtIyo mUlanayo'stIti cet na, tatparikalpane'navasthAprasaMgAt dravyaparyAyastadvatAmapi tadvadaMtaraparikalpanAnuSakterdurnivAratvAt / yadi tu yathA taMtavovayavAstadvAnavayavI paTastayorapi taMtupaTayo nyosti tdvaaNstsyaaprtiiymaantvaat| tathA paryAyAH svabhAvAstadvad dravyaM tayorapi nAnyastadvAnasti pratItivirodhAditi matistadA pradhAnabhAvena dravyaparyAyAtmakavastupramANaviSayastatopoddhRtaM / dravyamAnaM dravyArthikaviSayaH paryAyamAnaM paryAyArthikaviSaya iti na tRtIyo nayavizeSosti yato mUlanayastRtIyaH syaat| tadevam neya viSaya nahIM hai jaise ki zuddha dravya koI alaga viSaya nahIM hai| dravyArthika naya se hI zuddha, azuddha sabhI dravyoM kA jJApana ho jAtA hai| ataH viSayoM ko jAnane vAle dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika - ye do naya hI paryApta haiN| nayoM ke bhedoM kA saMkSepa se kathana nahIM karane kI vivakSA karane para vizeSoM ko kahane vAle vacana bahuvacana 'nayA:' banAkara cAra naya ho skeNge| paryAya ke vizeSa guNa ko jAnane ke lie guNArthika naya pRthak mAnA jAyegA to dravya ke vizeSabhUta zuddha dravya ko viSaya karane vAle zuddha dravyArthika naya ke pRthak grahaNa karane kA prasaMga aayegaa| isa prakAra thor3e se viSayoM ko lekara nayoM ke cAhe kitane bhI bheda kiye jA sakate zaMkA - dravya aura paryAyoM kA milakara una donoM se sahita ho rahA piMDa eka tIsarA viSaya bana jAtA hai| usako viSaya karane vAlA tIsarA eka dravyaparyAyArthika bhI mUla naya honA caahie| ___samAdhAna - aisA nahIM kahanA kyoMki yadi isa prakAra una nayoM kI kalpanA kI jAyegI, taba to anavasthA doSa ho jAne kA prasaMga aayegaa| kyoMki dravya aura paryAya tathA una donoM ko Azraya - ina tInoM ko milAkara eka nayA viSaya bhI ho sakatA hai| ata: una tInoM vAle alaga anya viSaya ko grahaNa karane vAle alaga-alaga nayoMkI kalpanA karane ke prasaMga kA nivAraNa kaise bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai arthAt jaina siddhAnta anusAra dravya aneka haiN| eka-eka dravya meM ananta guNa haiN| eka guNa meM trikAla sambandhI ananta paryAyeM haiN| athavA vartamAna kAla meM bhI aneka ApekSika paryAyeM haiN| anujIvI guNa kI eka-eka paryAya meM aneka avibhAga praticcheda haiN| na jAne kisa-kisa anirvacanIya nimitta se kisa-kisa guNa ke kitane pariNAma ho rahe haiN| isa prakAra sammelana kara aneka viSaya banAye jA sakate haiN| aisI dazA meM niyata viSayoM ko jAnane vAle nayoM kI koI vyavasthA nahIM ho sktii| jisa prakAra tantu to avayava haiM aura una tanturUpa avayavoM se sahita eka alaga avayavI paTa dravya hai| phira una donoM tantu aura paTa kA bhI tadvAn koI tIsarA Azraya nahIM hai| kyoMki tIsare adhikaraNa kI pratIti nahIM ho rahI hai| usI prakAra paryAyeM to svabhAva haiN| aura una paryAyoM se sahita paryAyavAn dravya hai| kintu phira una donoM paryAya aura dravyoM kA unase sahita hotA huA koI pRthak adhikaraNa nahIM hai| kyoMki pratItiyoM se virodha AtA hai| ataH tantuvAn paTa kA jaise koI pRthak adhikaraNa nahIM hai, usI prakAra dravya aura paryAyoM kA adhikaraNa bhI koI anya nahIM hai, aisI mati hai taba to jainAcArya kahate haiM ki pradhAna rUpa
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika*129 pramANagocarArthAMzA nIyaMte yairnekdhaa| te nayA iti vyAkhyAtA jAtA mUlanayadvayAt // 9 // drvypryaaysaamaanyvishesspribodhkaaH| na mUlaM naigamAdInAM nayAzcatvAra eva tat // 10 // sAmAnyasya pRthaktvena drvyaadnuppttitH| sAdRzyapariNAmasya tathA vyaMjanaparyayAt // 11 // vaisAdRzyavivartasya vizeSasya ca pryye| aMtarbhAvAdvibhAvyeta dvau tanmUlaM nAviti // 12 // se dravya aura paryAya ke sAtha tadAtmaka ho rahe vastu ko pramANa jJAna viSaya karatA hai| usa akhaMDa piMDa rUpa vastu se buddhi dvArA pRthak bhAva ko prApta kiyA gayA kevala nitya aMza dravya to dravyArthika naya kA viSaya hai aura pramANa ke viSaya ho rahe vastu se jJAna dvArA apoddhAra (pRthag bhAva) kiyA gayA kevala paryAya (mAtra) paryAyArthika naya kA viSaya hai| aba nayoM ke dvArA jAnane yogya dravya aura paryAyoM se anya koI tIsarA 'tadvAn' padArtha zeSa nahIM raha jAtA hai, jisako ki vizeSa rUpa se jAnane ke lie tIsarA mUla naya svIkAra kiyA jAve arthAt jo vastu pramANa se jAnI jA rahI hai, vaha to prameya hai| aMzoM ko jAnane vAle nayoM dvArA 'neya' nahIM hai| jaina siddhAnta anusAra dravya aura paryAyoM se kathaMcit bheda, abheda, Atmaka vastu gumphita ho rahI hai| ata: aisA siddhAnta bana jAtA hai jo isa prakAra hai - pramANa ke viSayabhUta artha ke aneka aMza jinake dvArA jAna liye jAte haiM, ve jJAna naya haiN| ve naya mUlabhUta dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika do nayoM se pratipanna aneka prakAra ke kahe jAte haiN||9|| _ naigama Adi sAta nayoM ke mUla kAraNa dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika do naya haiM, kintu dravya ko, paryAya ko, sAmAnya ko aura vizeSa ko cAroM ora se samajhAne vAle cAra naya hI naigama Adi ke mUla kAraNa nahIM haiN| ata: sAmAnyArthika naya mAnanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| dravya se pRthak sAmAnya kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai| kyoMki jaina siddhAnta meM aneka samAnajAtIya padArthoM ke sadRza pariNAma ko sAmAnya padArtha mAnA jAtA hai aura usa prakAra kA sadRza pariNAma dravya kI vyaMjana paryAya hai| aneka sadRza pariNAmoM kA piMDa sAmAnya padArtha to dravyArthika naya dvArA hI jAna liyA jAtA hai| ata: sAmAnyArthika koI tIsarA naya nahIM hai| - dhenu Adi aneka gauoM meM rahane vAle gotva ke samAna tiryak sAmAnya aneka ghaTa, kalaza Adi meM sadRza pariNAmarUpa se rahatA hai| yaha dravyasvarUpa hI hai| tathA dravya kI pUrvApara paryAyoM meM vyApane vAlA UrdhvatA sAmAnya hai| jaise ki sthAsa, koza, kuzUla Adi paryAyoM meM mRttikA UrdhvatA sAmAnya hai| athavA bAlya, kumAra, yauvana, nArakI, pazu, deva, Adi paryAyoM meM AtmA dravya UrdhvatA sAmAnya hai| ye donoM sAmAnya dravya svarUpa haiN| ataH dravyArthika naya ke viSaya haiN| tathaiva visadRza pariNAma vizeSa kA paryAya meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| ata: vizeSa kA paryAyArthika naya dvArA bhAna ho jaaegaa.| cauthe vizeSArthika naya ke mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| ye sabhI vizeSa paryAyoM meM antarbhUta ho jAte haiN| isa kAraNa una dravya aura paryAyoM ko mUla kAraNa mAnakara utpanna hue dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika do hI mUla naya haiN| cAra mUla naya nahIM haiN||10-11-12||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 130 nAmAdayopi catvArastanmUlaM netyato gataM / dravyakSetrAdayazzeSAM dravyaparyAyagatvataH // 13 / / bhavAnvitA na paMcaite skaMdhA vA parikIrtitAH / rUpAdayo ta eveha tepi hi dravyaparyayau // 14 // tathA dravyaguNAdInAM SoDhAtvaM na vyavasthitaM / SaT syurmUlanayA yena dravyaparyAyagrAhite // 15 // ye pramANAdayo bhAvA pradhAnAdaya eva vaa| te naigamAdibhedAnAmarthA nAparanItayaH // 16 // isa ukta kathana se yaha bhI jJAta ho cukA hai ki nAma Adi bhI cAra una nayoM ke mUla nahIM haiN| aura dravya kSetra Adi viSaya bhI una nayoM ke utpAdaka mUla kAraNa nahIM haiN| arthAt nAma, sthApanA, dravya, bhAva ina cAra viSayoM ko mUla kAraNa mAnakara nAmArthika, sthApanArthika, dravyArthika aura bhAvArthika ye cAra mUla naya nahIM ho sakate haiN| athavA dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva ina viSayoM ko mUla kAraNa mAnakara dravyArthika kSetrArthika, kAlArthika, bhAvArthika ye cAra mUla naya nahIM ho sakate haiN| kyoMki nAma Adi cAroM aura dravya, kSetra, Adi cAroM dravya aura paryAyoM meM hI antarbhUta ho jAte haiN| ata: mUla naya kA viSaya dravya aura paryAya do hI haiM, adhika nahIM // 13 // dravya, kSetra Adi cAra ke sAtha bhava ko jor3a dene para pA~ca bhI mUla neya padArtha nahIM haiN| arthAt dravya, kSetra, kAla bhava, bhAva ina pA~ca ko viSaya karane vAle mUla naya pA~ca nahIM ho sakate haiN| athavA bauddhoM ke dvArA rUpa Adi pA~ca skandhoM kA apane granthoM meM cAroM ora se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| ve bhI mUla neya viSaya nahIM haiN| arthAt rUpaskandha, vedanAskandha, vijJAnaskandha, saMjJAskandha aura saMskAraskandha ina pA~ca viSayoM ko mAnakara pA~ca mUlanaya nahIM haiN| kyoMki ve dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava aura bhAva tathA rUpaskandha Adi pA~ca bhI niyama se dravya aura paryAyasvarUpa hI haiM, pA~coM kA do meM hI antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| ata: do hI paryAyArthika aura dravyArthika mUla naya haiM, adhika nahIM // 14 // ___ usI prakAra vaizeSikoM ke yahA~ mAne gaye dravya, guNa Adika bhAva padArthoM kA chaha prakArapanA bhI svataMtra tattvapane se vyavasthita nahIM ho sakatA hai; jisa kAraNa se ki una chaha mUla kAraNa neya viSayoM ko jAnane vAle mUla naya chaha ho jaaveN| ve dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa aura samavAya ye chahoM bhAva niyama se dravya aura paryAyoM meM hI antargata ho jAte haiN| arthAt dravya Adi chahoM bhAva dravya, paryAya - ina do svarUpa hI haiN| ata: do hI mUla naya haiM, atirikta nahIM hai||15|| ___ jo naiyAyikoM ke dvArA mAne gaye pramANa, prameya, saMzaya Adi solaha bhAva padArtha tattvabheda rUpa se mAne gaye haiM, athavA pradhAna Adi paccIsa bhAva tattva haiM, isa prakAra sAMkhyoM ne mUla padArtha svIkAra kiye haiM, ve bhI naigama Adi bheda rUpa vizeSa nayoM ke viSaya ho sakate haiN| jaina siddhAMta meM nirNaya kiye gaye dravya aura paryAya se anya tattvoM kI vyavasthA karane vAlI koI dUsarI nIti nahIM hai| arthAt - pramANa, prameya, saMzaya, prayojana, dRSTAMta, siddhAMta, avayava, tarka, nirNaya, vAda, jalpa, vitaMDA, hetvAbhAsa, chala, jAti, nigraha sthAna, ye naiyAyikoM ke solaha padArtha mUla padArtha nahIM bana pAte haiM, apitu dravya aura paryAyoM ke bheda-prabheda haiN| aura prakRti, mahAn, ahaMkAra, zabdatanmAtrA, sparzatanmAtrA,
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 131 pramANaprameyasaMzayaprayojanadRSTAMtasiddhAMtAvayavatarkanirNayavAdajalpavitaMDAhetvAbhAsacchalajAtinigrahasthAnAkhyAH SoDaza padArthAH kaizcidupadiSTAH, tepi dravyaguNakarmasAmAnyavizeSasamavAyebhyo na jAtyaMtaratvaM pratipadyate, guNAdayazca paryAyAnnArthAMtaramityuktaprAyaM / tato dravyaparyAyAveva tairiSTau syAtAM, tayoreva tessaamNtrbhaavaannaamaadivt| yepyAhuH / "mUlaprakRtiravikRtirmahadAdyA: prakRtivikRtayaH sapta / SoDazakazca vikAro na prakRtirna vikRti: purussH||" iti paMcaviMzatistattvAnIti / tairapi dravyaparyAyAvevAMgIkaraNIyau mUlaprakRteH puruSasya ca dravyatvAt, mahadAdInAM pariNAmatvena paryAyatvAt ruupaadiskNdhsNtaankssnnvt| tato naigamAdibhedAnAmevArthAste na punaraparA nItayaH / aparA nItiryeSu ta eva hyaparA nItayaH iti gamyate, na caiteSu dravyArthikaparyAyArthikAbhyAM naigamAdibhedAbhyAM aparA nIti: pravartata iti tAveva mUlanayau, naigamAdInAM tata eva jaattvaat| rUpatanmAtrA, rasatanmAtrA, gandhatanmAtrA, sparzanaindriya, rasanAindriya, ghrANaindriya, cakSuindriya, zrotraindriya, vacanazakti, hAtha, pA~va, jananendriya, gudendriya, mana, AkAza, vAyu, teja, jala, pRthvI, aura puruSa ye sAMkhyoM ke paccIsa tattva bhI mUla padArtha rUpa siddha nahIM ho pAte haiN| dravya aura paryAya ke hI bheda-prabheda haiN|at: nayoM ke vizeSa prabheda pRthak - pRthak mAne jAte haiN| kintu mUla padArthoM ko jAnane kI apekSA do hI mUla naya mAnanA yatheSTa hai||16|| prayojana, dRSTAMta, siddhAMta, avayava, tarka, nirNaya, vAda, jalpa, vitaNDA, hetvAbhAsa, chala, jAti, nigraha, pramANa, prameya, saMzaya sthAna ye 16 padArtha kinhIM se upadiSTa haiM? pramA vizeSArtha kA kAraNa pramANa hai, usake pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura zabda ye cAra bheda haiN| pramANa ke viSaya ko prameya kahate haiN| AtmA, zarIra, indriya, artha, buddhi, mana, pravRtti, doSa, pretyabhAva, phala, du:kha, apavarga ye bAraha prameya haiN| eka padArtha meM aneka koTi kA vimarza karanA saMzaya hai| jisakA uddezya lekara pravRtti kI jAtI hai, vaha prayojana padArtha hai| jisa artha meM laukika aura parIkSakoM kI buddhi samAnarUpa se grAhikA ho jAtI hai, use dRSTAMta kahate haiN| zAstra kA Azraya lekara jJApana rUpa se jisa artha ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, usakI samIcIna rUpa se vyavasthA kara denA 'siddhAMta' hai| vaha siddhAMta sarvataMtra, pratitaMtra, adhikaraNa, abhyupagama bhedoM se cAra prakAra kA hai| parArthAnumAna ke upayogI aMgoM ko 'avayava' kahate haiM jo ki anumAnajanya bodha ke anukUla hai| pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya, nigamana ye avayava ke pA~ca bheda haiN| . vizeSarUpa se nahIM jAne gaye tattva meM kAraNoM kI upapatti se tattvajJAna ke lie kiyA gayA vicAra 'tarka' hai| vicAra kara svapakSa aura pratipakSa se artha kA avadhAraNa karanA 'nirNaya' hai| apane-apane pakSa kA pramANa aura tarka se jahA~ sAdhana aura ulAhanA ho sake, jo siddhAMta ke aviruddha ho, pA~ca avayavoM se yukta ho aise pakSa aura pratipakSa ke parigraha ko 'vAda' kahate haiN| 'vAda' meM kahe gaye vizeSaNoM se yukta huA, jahA~ chala, jAti aura nigraha sthAnoM se svapakSa kA sAdhana aura parapakSa meM ulAhane diye jAte haiM, vaha 'jalpa' hai| vahI jalpa jaba pratikUla pakSa kI sthApanA se rahita hojAtA hai to vaha 'vitaMDA' ho jAtA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 132 hetu ke lakSaNoM se rahita kintu hetu samAna dIkhane vAle asaddhetuoM ko hetvAbhAsa kahate haiN| naiyAyikoM ne vyabhicAra, viruddha, asiddha, satpratipakSa aura bAdhita ye pA~ca hetvAbhAsa mAne haiN| vAdI ko iSTa artha se viruddha artha kI kalpanA kara usakI siddhi karake vAdI ke vacana kA vighAta karanA prativAdI kA 'chala' hai| vaha vAkchala, sAmAnya chala aura upacAra chala kI apekSA tIna bheda vAlA hai| sAdharmya aura vaidharmya Adi karake asamIcIna uttara uThAte rahanA 'jAti' hai| usake sAdharmyasamA, vaidharmyasamA, utkarSasamA, apakarSasamA, varNyasamA, avarNyasamA, vikalpasamA, sAdhyasamA, prAptisamA, aprAptisamA, ahetusamA, arthApattisamA, avizeSasamA, upapattisamA, upalabdhisamA, anupalabdhisamA, nityasamA, prasaMgasamA, pratidRSTAMtasamA, anutpattisamA, saMzayasamA, prakaraNasamA, anityasamA, kAryasamA - ye caubIsa bheda haiN| uddezya siddhi ke pratikUla jJAna ho jAnA athavA uddezya siddhi ke anukUla samyagjJAna kA abhAva ho jAnA 'nigrahasthAna' hai| usake bhI pratijJA hAni, pratijJAntara, pratijJA virodha, pratijJAsaMnyAsa, hetvantara, arthAntara, nirarthaka, avijJAtArtha, apArthaka, aprAptakAla, nyUna, adhika, punarukta, ananubhASaNa, ajJAna, apratibhA, vikSepa, matAnujJA, paryanuyojyopekSaNa, niranuyojyAnuyoga, apasiddhAMta, hetvAbhAsa itane bheda haiN| isa prakAra pramANa Adi solaha padArthoM kA kinhIM (naiyAyikoM) ne upadeza kiyA hai| isake pratyuttara meM jainAcArya kahate haiM ki ve solaha bhI padArtha dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa aura samavAya isa prakAra vaizeSikoM ke dvArA mAne gaye chaha bhAva tattvoM se bhinna jAti vAle nahIM haiN| vaizeSikoM ne guNavAna yA samavAyikAraNa ho rahe padArtha ko dravya mAnA hai| pRthvI,jala, teja, vAyu, AkAza, kAla, dik, AtmA, mana ye dravyoM ke nau bheda haiN| jaina siddhAMtAnusAra 'dravyAzrayAH nirguNA guNAH' - yaha guNa kA lakSaNa nirdoSa hai| kintu vaizeSikoM ne saMyoga aura vibhAga ke samavAyikAraNapana aura asamavAyikAraNapana se rahita ho rahe sAmAnyavAn padArtha meM jo kAraNatA hai, usakA avacchedaka guNatva mAnA hai| guNa ke rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza, saMkhyA, pariNAma, pRthaktva, saMyoga, vibhAga, paratva, aparatva, gurutva, dravyatva, sneha, zabda, buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa, prayatna, dharma, adharma, saMskAra - ye caubIsa bheda haiN| __jo dravya ke Azraya hokara rahe, guNavAlA nahIM ho, aisA saMyoga aura vibhAga meM kisI bhAva padArtha kI apekSA nahIM rakhane vAlA kAraNa 'karma' kahalAtA hai| usa karma ke utkSepaNa, adhakSepaNa, AkuJcana, prasAraNa, gamana-ye pA~ca bheda haiN| nitya hotA huA jo aneka meM samavAya sambandha se rahatA hai, vaha 'sAmAnya padArtha' mAnA gayA hai| usake parasAmAnya aura apara sAmAnya do bheda haiN| jo nitya dravyoM meM rahatA hai use 'vizeSa' kahate haiN| nitya dravyoM kI paraspara meM vyAvRtti karAne vAle ve vizeSa padArtha ananta haiN| nitya sambandha ko 'samavAya' kahate haiN| vastuta: vaha eka hI hai| vaizeSika tucchAbhAva padArtha ke prAgabhAva, pradhvaMsAbhAva, atyantAbhAva, anyo'nyAbhAva - ye cAra bheda svIkAra karate haiN| parantu bhAvoM kA prakaraNa hone se tucchAbhAva kA yahA~ adhikAra nahIM hai| naiyAyikoM ke solaha padArtha to dharma Adi chaha dravyoM meM garbhita ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra nyAyavettAoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 133 guNa, karma Adi paryAya meM gabhita ho jAte haiN| dravya to dravyArthika naya dvArA jAna liyA jaataahai| aura paryAyArthika naya ke dvArA guNa-paryAya Adi jAna liye jAte haiN| isalie dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika ye do naya hI abhISTa karane caahie| una pramANa, prameya Adi yA dravya, guNa Adi viSayoM kA una dravya aura paryAyoM meM hI antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| jaise nAma, sthApanA, dravya, bhAva Adi tathA dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva Adi sarva dravya aura paryAyoM meM hI garbhita ho jAte haiN| jo kapilamata anuyAyI kahate haiM ki mUlabhUta prakRti to kisI kA vikAra nahIM hai arthAt prakRti kisI anya kAraNa se utpanna nahIM hotI hai| aura mahattattva Adi sAta padArtha prakRti aura vikRti donoM haiM arthAt - mahattattva, ahaMkAra, zabdatanmAtrA, sparzatanmAtrA, rUpatanmAtrA, rasatanmAtrA,gandhatanmAtrA ye sAta vikAra ke kAraNasvarUpa haiM aura uttaravartI kAryoM kI jananI prakRtiyA~ haiN| tathA gyAraha indriya aura pA~ca pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu, AkAza ye.solaha gaNa vikAra hI haiN| kyoMki inase uttarakAla meM koI sRSTi utpanna nahIM hotI hai| / paccIsavA~ tattva kUTastha AtmA kisI kA kAraNa rUpa prakRti nahIM hai aura kisI kA kArya bhI nahIM hai| ataH vikRti bhI nahIM hai| vaha udAsIna, draSTA, bhoktA, cetana padArtha hai| isa prakAra sAMkhyoM ne paccIsa tattva svIkAra kiye haiM, jisameM prakRti Adi ke lakSaNa prasiddha haiM, parantu unako bhI dravya, paryAya do hI padArtha svIkAra kara lenA caahie| kyoMki sattvaguNa, rajoguNa, tamoguNoM kI sAmya avasthArUpa prakRti tattva aura AtmA tattva to dravya haiN| ata: dravyArthika naya ke viSaya haiM aura mahat, ahaMkAra Adi prakRti ke pariNAma haiN| ata: paryAya haiN| ye teIsa akele paryAyArthika naya ke viSaya haiN| jabaki paccIsa mUlatattva hI nahIM haiM, to paccIsa padArthoM ko jAnane ke lie paccIsa mUlanayoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| jaise ki bauddhoM ke mAne gaye rUpa Adi pA~ca skandhoM kI santAna yA pratikSaNa pariNamane vAle pariNAmoM kA kSaNikapanA ina dravya yA paryAyoM se bhinna nahIM hai| saMtAna to dravyasvarUpa hai aura pA~ca jAti ke skandhoM ke kSaNika pariNAma paryAyasvarUpa haiN| ata: do nayoM se hI kArya cala sakatA hai| sajAtIya aura vijAtIya padArthoM se vyAvRtta tathA paraspara meM sambandha ko prApta nahIM ho rahe, kintu ekatrita ho rahe rUpa paramANu, rasa paramANu, gandha paramANu, sparza paramANu to rUpa skandha haiN| sukha, duHkha Adi vedanA skandha hai| savikalpaka, nirvikalpaka, jJAnoM ke bheda-prabheda to vijJAna skandha haiN| vRkSa ityAdi nAma to saMjJA skandha hai| jJAnoM kI vAsanAyeM yA puNya, pApoM kI vAsanAyeM saMskAra skandha haiN| ye saba mUla do nayoM ke hI viSaya haiN| ata: Upara kahe gaye ve sampUrNa artha naigama saMgraha Adi naya bhedoM ke hI viSaya haiN| phira koI pRthak nayoM ke gar3hane ke lie dUsarA nayA mArga nikAlanA Avazyaka nhiiN| 'aparanItayaH' - isa zabda kA artha yaha samajhA jAtA hai ki jina arthoM meM dUsarI nIti hai ve hI artha bhinna nItivAle haiN| kintu ina cAra, pA~ca, chaha, solaha, paccIsa padArthoM meM to naigama Adi bhedoM ko dhArane vAle dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika do mUla nayoM se bhinna koI dUsarI nIti nahIM hai| isa kAraNa ve do hI mUlanaya haiN| naigama Adi bheda-prabheda to una do se hI utpanna hote haiN| una do mUla nayoM ke naigama Adi aneka bheda ho jAte haiN| naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra tIna to dravyArthika naya ke bheda kahe jAte haiM aura RjusUtranaya, zabda, samabhirUr3ha, evaMbhUta ye cAra bheda paryAyArthika naya ke hote haiN| artha kI pradhAnatA hone se pUrva ke cAra naya artha naya haiN| zeSa tIna zabdanaya haiN| dravyArthika kI apekSA abheda aura paryAyArthika kI apekSA bheda ho jAne sa bahuta vikalpa vAle naya ho jAte haiN|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 134 tatra naigamaM vyAcaSTetatra saMkalpamAtrasya grAhako naigamo nyH| sopAdhirityazuddhasya dravyArthasyAbhidhAnataH // 17 // saMkalpo nigamastatra bhavoyaM tatprayojanaH / tathA prasthAdisaMkalpaH tadabhiprAya issyte||18|| nanvayaM bhAvinIM saMjJAM samAzrityopacaryate / aprasthAdiSu tadbhAvastaMDuleSvodanAdivat // 19 // ityasadvahirartheSu tathAnadhyavasAnataH / svavedyamAnasaMkalpe satyevAsya pravRttitaH // 20 // yadvA naikaM gamo yotra sa satAM naigamo mataH / dharmayordharmiNo'pi vivakSA dharmadharmiNoH // 21 // pramANAtmaka evAyamubhayagrAhakatvataH / ityayuktaM iha jJapte: prdhaangunnbhaavtH||22|| prAdhAnyenobhayAtmAnamarthaM gRhnnddhivednm| pramANaM nAnyadityetatprapaMcena niveditam // 23 // una sAta nayoM meM se kevala saMkalpa kA grAhaka naigama naya mAnA gayA hai, jo ki azuddha dravyasvarUpa artha kA kathana kara dene se kvacit saMkalpa kiye gaye padArtha kI upAdhi se sahita hai||17|| naigama zabda, bhava artha yA prayojana artha meM taddhita kA aNa pratyaya kara banAyA gayA hai| nigama kA artha saMkalpa hai, usa saMkalpa meM jo utpanna hotA hai athavA saMkalpa jisakA prayojana hai vaha naigamanaya hai| ataH usI prakAra nirukti karane se prastha, indra Adi kA jo saMkalpa hai, vaha naigama naya svarUpa abhiprAya iSTa kiyA gayA hai||18|| zaMkA - yaha naigama naya kA viSaya to bhaviSya meM hone vAlI saMjJA kA Azraya kara vartamAna meM bhaviSya kA upacAra yukta kiyA gayA hai, jaise ki prastha Adi ke abhAva meM bhI korI kalpanAoM meM unakA sadbhAva gar3ha liyA jAtA hai| athavA cAvaloM meM bhAta Adi kA vyavahAra kara diyA jAtA hai| arthAt viSayoM meM kevala bhaviSya paryAya kI apekSA vyavahAra kara diyA jAtA hai||19|| arthAt yaha naya vAstavika nahIM hai| samAdhAna - aba AcArya kahate haiM ki yaha tumhArA kahanA prazaMsanIya nahIM hai| kyoMki bahiraMga arthoM meM isa prakAra bhAvI saMjJA kI apekSA adhyavasAya nahIM hotA hai| sva saMvedyamAna saMkalpa ke hone para hI isa naya kI pravRtti hotI hai| arthAt kisI kA saMkalpa hogA tabhI to usake anusAra sAmagrI milAyegA, prayatna kregaa| anyathA cAhe jisase cAhe kucha bhI kArya bana baitthegaa| yadyapi saMkalpita padArtha vartamAna meM koI arthakriyA nahIM kara rahA hai, phira bhI isa naigamanaya kA viSaya yahA~ dikhalAyA gayA hai|||20|| athavA 'na eka gama: naigamaH' jo dharma aura dharmI meM se eka hI artha ko nahIM jAnatA hai, kintu gauNa, pradhAnarUpa se dharma, dharmI, donoM ko viSaya karatA hai, vaha sajjana puruSoM ke yahA~ naigamanaya mAnA gayA hai| anya naya to eka hI dharma ko jAnate haiN| kintu naigamanaya dvArA jAnane meM do dharmoM kI athavA do dharmiyoM kI yA eka dharma se dUsare dharmI kI vivakSA hotI hai| arthAt jaise ki jIva kA guNa sukha hai, yA jIva sukhI hai, isa prakAra naigamanaya dvArA do padArthoM kI jJapti ho jAtI hai||21|| jaba naigamanaya dharma, dharmI donoM kA grAhaka hai, taba to yaha naya pramANasvarUpa hI hai, arthAt dharma aura dharmI se atirikta koI tIsarA padArtha pramANa dvArA jAnane ke lie zeSa nahIM rahA hai| isa prakAra AkSepa karanA yukta nahIM hai| kyoMki, yahA~ naigama naya meM dharma dharmI meM se eka kI pradhAna aura dUsare kI gauNarUpa se jJapti kI gayI hai| paraspara meM gauNa pradhAnarUpa se bheda abhedaka ko nirUpaNa karane vAlA abhiprAya
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 135 saMgrahe vyavahAre vA nAMtarbhAva: smiikssyte| naigamasya tyorekvstvNshprvnntvtH||24|| narjusUtrAdiSu proktahetavo veti ssnnnyaaH| saMgrahAdaya eveha na vAcyAH praparIkSakaiH // 25 // saptaite niyataM yuktA naigamasya nytvtH| tasya tribhedavyAkhyAnAt kaizciduktA nayA nava // 26 // tatra paryAyagastredhA naigamo dravyago dvidhA / dravyaparyAyagaH proktazcaturbhedo dhruvaM dhruvaiH||27|| naigama kahA jAtA hai, tathA dharma dharmo donoM ko pradhAnarUpa se yA ubhayAtmaka vastu ko grahaNa karane vAlA jJAna pramANa kahA gayA hai| anya jJAna jo kevala dharma ko hI yA dharmI ko hI athavA gauNa pradhAna rUpa se dharma dharmI donoM ko hI viSaya karate haiM, ve pramANa nahIM haiM, naya haiN| isa siddhAMta kA hama vistAra se pUrva prakaraNoM meM nivedana kara cuke haiN| ata: naigama naya ko pramANapana kA prasaMga nahIM AtA hai||22-23 // pramANa se naigama kA viSaya vizeSa hai, ata: naigama kA pramANa meM antarbhAva nahIM hotA, kintu naigama kA saMgrahanaya athavA vyavahAranaya meM to antarbhAva ho sakatA hai| aisA kahanA bhI samIcIna nahIM hai, kyoMki una saMgraha aura vyavahAra donoM nayoM kI eka hI vastu aMza ko jAnane meM tatparatA hai, arthAt naigama to dharma aura dharmI yA donoM dharmI athavA donoM dharmoM ko pradhAna aura gauNarUpa se jAna letA hai| kintu saMgraha aura vyavahAra naya to vastu ke eka hI aMza ko viSaya karate haiN| ataH inase naigama kA viSaya adhika hai, phira saMgraha to sadbhUta padArthoM kA hI saMgraha karatA hai aura naigama sat, asat, sabhI padArthoM kA saMkalpa kara letA hai||24|| vizeSa - yahA~ asat kahane se 'AkAzapuSpa' Adi asat padArthoM ko nahIM pakar3anA, kintu sat hone yogya padArtha yadi saMkalpAnusAra nahIM bane yA nahIM baneMge, ve yahA~ asat padArtha mAne gaye haiN| jaise ki indra pratimA ko banAne ke lie saMkalpita, vighnavaza kATha nahIM lAyA gayA athavA lakar3I lAkara bhI usa lakar3I se indra pratimA nahIM banA sake, aisI dazA meM indra kA vaha abhiprAya asat padArtha kA saMkalpa kahA jAtA hai| RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUDha, evaMbhUta ina nayoM meM bhI naigama kA antarbhAva nahIM ho pAtA hai, isakA kAraNa kahA jA cukA hai| arthAt ye RjusUtra Adi bhI vastu ke eka aMza ko hI jAnane vAle haiM, naigama ke binA saMgraha Adi chaha hI naya haiN| yaha parIkSaka vidvAnoM ko yahA~ nahIM kahanA cAhie arthAt sabase pahile naigamanaya kA mAnanA atyAvazyaka hai||25|| naigama ko bhI nayapanA hone se ye naya niyama se sAta hI mAnane yogya haiN| usa naigama ke tIna bheda rUpa vyAkhyAna kara dene se kinhIM vidvAnoM ne nau naya kahe haiM arthAt paryAya naigama, dravya naigama aura dravya paryAyanaigamaisa prakAra naigama ke tIna bheda tathA saMgraha Adi chaha bheda-isa prakAra naya nau prakAra kA anya granthoM meM kahA gayA hai|||26|| una naigama ke bhedoM meM paryAyoM ko prApta naigama tIna prakAra kA hai, aura dUsarA dravya ko prApta naigama do bheda vAlA hai| tathA dravya aura paryAya ko viSaya karane vAlA tIsarA naigama dhruvajJAnI puruSoM ke dvArA nizcita rUpa se cAra bheda vAlA kahA gayA hai| arthAt paryAyanaigama ke arthaparyAyanaigama, vyaMjanaparyAyanaigama,
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 136 arthaparyAyayostAvadguNamukhyasvabhAvataH / kvacidvastunyabhiprAyaH pratipattuH prajAyate // 28 // yathA pratikSaNaM dhvaMsi sukhasaMviccharIriNaH / iti sattArthaparyAyo vizeSaNatayA guNaH // 29 // saMvedanArthaparyAyo vizeSyatvena mukhytaam| pratigacchannabhipreto nAnyathaivaM vcogtiH||30|| sarvathA sukhasaMvittyornAnAtvebhimatiH punaH / svAzrayAccArthaparyAyanaigamAbho'pratItitaH // 31 // kazcidvyaMjanaparyAyau vissyiikuruteNjsaa| guNapradhAnabhAvena dharmiNyekatra naigamaH // 32 // . saccaitanyaM narItyevaM sattvasya gunnbhaavtH| pradhAnabhAvatazcApi caitnysyaabhisiddhitH||33|| tayoratyaMtabhedoktiranyonyaM svaashryaadpi| jJeyo vyaMjanaparyAyanaigamAbho virodhataH // 34 // arthavyaMjanaparyAyanaigama ye tIna prabheda haiN| aura dUsare dravyanaigama ke zuddha dravyanaigama, azuddhadravyanaigama ye do prabheda haiN| tathA tIsare dravyaparyAya naigama ke zuddha dravya paryAyanaigama, zuddhadravyavyaMjanaparyAyanaigama, azuddhadravyaparyAya naigama, azuddha dravya vyaMjanaparyAyanaigama - ye 4 bheda haiN| isa prakAra naigama ke nau aura saMgraha Adi chaha isa prakAra nayoM ke pandraha bheda ho jAte haiM // 27 // unameM se naigama ke pahile prabheda kA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai ki kisI eka vastu meM do arthaparyAyoM ko gauNa mukhyasvarUpa se jAnane ke lie nayajJAnI pratipattA kA abhiprAya utpanna ho jAtA hai| jaise ki zarIradhArI AtmA kA sukhasaMvedana pratikSaNa nAza ko prApta ho rahA hai| yahA~ utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya yukta sattArUpa arthaparyAya to vizeSaNa ho jAne se gauNa hai aura saMvedanarUpa arthaparyAya vizeSyapanA hone ke kAraNa mukhyatA ko prApta hai, yaha yahA~ abhipreta hai, anyathA (bhinna prakAra kathana dvArA) jJapti nahIM ho skegii| ____ bhAvArtha - 'AtmanaH sukhasaMvedanaM kSaNikaM' - yahA~ AtmA kA sukha saMvedana kSaNa kSaNa meM utpAda vyaya ko prApta ho rahA hai yaha naigamanaya ne jaanaa| yahA~ saMvedana nAmaka arthaparyAya ko vizeSya hone ke kAraNa mukhya rUpa se jAnA gayA hai aura pratikSaNa utpAda vyayarUpa arthaparyAya ko vizeSaNa hone ke kAraNa naigama naya dvArA gauNa rUpa se jAnA gayA hai| anyathA ukta prayoga kaise bhI nahIM bana sakatA thaa||28-29-30|| sarvathA paraspara meM sukha aura saMvedana ke nAnApana meM abhiprAya rakhanA, athavA svAzrita atmA se sukha aura jJAna kA bheda mAnane kA Agraha rakhanA, arthaparyAya naigama kA AbhAsa hai| kyoMki eka dravya ke guNoM kA paraspara meM athavA apane AzrayabhUta dravya ke sAtha sarvathA bheda rahanA pratIta nahIM hotA hai||31|| ___koI naigama naya kA prabheda eka dharmI meM gauNa, pradhAnapane se do vyaMjana paryAyoM ko nirdoSa viSaya kara letA hai, jaise ki 'Atmani sat caitanyaM' - AtmA meM sattva hai, aura caitanya hai| isa prakAra yahA~ vizeSaNa ho rahI sattA kI gauNa rUpa se jJapti hai aura vizeSya ho rahe caitanya kI bhI pradhAnabhAva se sarvataH jJapti siddha ho rahI hai| ata: donoM bhI vyaMjana paryAyoM ko yaha naigama naya viSaya kara rahA hai| (sUkSma paryAyoM ko arthaparyAya kahate haiM aura vyakta paryAyeM vyaMjana paryAyeM haiN)||32-33 / / sattA aura caitanya kA paraspara meM atyanta bheda kahanA athavA apane adhikaraNa svarUpa AtmA se bhI sattA aura caitanya kA atyanta bheda kahanA vyaMjanaparyAya naigamAbhAsa hai| kyoMki, guNoM kA paraspara meM aura
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 137 arthavyaMjanaparyAyau gocarIkurute prH| dhArmike sukhajIvitvamityevamanurodhataH // 35 // bhinne tu sukhajIvitve yobhimanyeta srvthaa| sorthavyaMjanaparyAyanaigamAbhAsa eva nH||36|| zuddhadravyamazuddhaM ca tathAbhipraiti yo nyH| sa tu naigama eveha saMgrahavyavahArajaH // 37 // sadravyaM sakalaM vastu tathAnvayavinizcayAt / ityevamavagaMtavyastadbhedoktistu durnayaH // 38 // yastu paryAyavadravyaM guNavadveti nirnnyH| vyavahAranayAjAtaH so'zuddhadravyanaigamaH // 39 // tabhedaikAntavAdastu tdaabhaasonumnyte| tathokterbahirantazca prtykssaadivirodhtH||40|| apane Azraya ke sAtha kathaMcit abheda hai| ata: aisI dazA meM sarvathA bheda kathana karate rahane se naiyAyika ko virodha doSa AtA hai||34|| ___dharmAtmA puruSa meM sukhapUrvaka jIvana pravarta rahA hai' ityAdi prayogoM ke anurodha se tIsarA naigama naya arthaparyAya aura vyaMjana paryAya donoM ko viSaya karatA hai||35|| jo prativAdI sukha aura jIvana ko sarvathA bhinna mAna rahA hai, athavA AtmA se bhinna donoM kI kalpanA kara rahA hai, vaha to hamAre yahA~ arthavyaMjana paryAya kA AbhAsa hai ataH yaha arthavyaMjanaparyAya naigamAbhAsa yAnI yaha jhUThA naya, kunaya hai||36|| ___ paryAyanaigama ke tIna bhedoM kA lakSaNa aura udAharaNa dikhalAkara aba dravya naigama ke bheda aura udAharaNoM ko dikhAte haiM ki jo naya zuddha dravya yA azuddha dravya ko jAnane kA abhiprAya rakhatA hai, vaha naya to saMgraha aura vyavahAra se utpanna huA naigamanaya hI kahA jAtA hai|||37|| usI prakAra anvaya kA vizeSarUpa karake nizcaya ho jAne se sampUrNa vastuoM ko sat dravya (isa prakAra) kahane vAlA abhiprAya zuddha dravya naigama hai| kyoMki sabhI padArthoM meM kisI bhI svakIya parakIya bhAvoM kI apekSA nahIM karake satpane yA dravyapane kA anvaya jAnA jA rahA hai| saMgraha naya ke anusAra yaha naigama naya do dharmiyoM ko pradhAnaM gauNa rUpa se viSaya kara rahA hai| ataH satsvarUpa aura dravyapane ke sarvathA bheda rUpa ko kahane vAlA naya durnaya ho jAtA hai| arthAt - vaizeSika sattva aura dravyatva ko paraspara meM bhinna mAnate haiM aura jAtimAn kA jAtiyoM se bheda svIkAra karate haiN| yaha unakA zuddha dravya naigamAbhAsa hai||38|| ____ jo naya 'paryAyavAn dravya hai' athavA 'guNavAn dravya hai', isa prakAra nirNaya karatA hai, vaha naya to vyavahAranaya se utpanna huA azuddha dravya naigama hai| vyavahAra naya kevala eka hI dharma yA dharmI ko jAnatA hai| kintu yaha azuddha dravya naigama naya to dharma,dharmI donoM ko viSaya karatA hai||39|| - paryAya aura paryAyavAn kA ekAnta rUpa se bheda mAnate rahanA athavA una guNa aura guNI kA sarvathA bheda svIkAra karane kA pakSa rakhanA usa azuddha dravya naigama kA AbhAsa mAnA jAtA hai| kyoMki bahiraMga ghaTa, rUpa, paTa, paTatva Adi tathA AtmA jJAna, Adi antaraMga padArthoM meM isa prakAra bheda kahate rahane se pratyakSa Adi pramANoM se virodha AtA hai||40||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 138 zuddhadravyArthaparyAyanaigamosti paro ythaa| satsukhaM kSaNikaM zuddhaM saMsAresminnitIraNam // 41 // sattvaM sukhArthaparyAyAdbhinnameveti saMmati: / durnIti: syAtsabAdhatvAditi nItivido viduH|42|| kSaNamekaM sukhI jIvo viSayIti vinishcyH| vinirdiSTorthaparyAyAzuddhadravyaganaigamaH // 43 // sukhajIvabhidoktistu sarvathA maanbaadhitaa| durnItireva boddhavyA zuddhabodhairasaMzayAt // 44 // gocarIkurute shuddhdrvyvyNjnpryyau| naigamonyo yathA saccitsAmAnyamiti nirNayaH // 45 // vidyate caaproshuddhdrvyvyNjnpryyau| arthIkaroti yaH sotra nA guNIti nigadyate // 46 // aba naigama ke dravyaparyAyanaigama bheda ke cAra prabhedoM kA varNana karate haiN| inameM prathama zuddha dravyArtha paryAya naigama to isa prakAra hai ki isa saMsAra meM sukha padArtha zuddha sat svarUpa hotA huA kSaNa mAtra meM naSTa ho jAtA hai, yoM kahane vAlA yaha naya hai| yahA~ utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya rUpa satpanA to zuddha dravya hai aura sukha arthaparyAya hai| vizeSaNa rUpa zuddha dravya ko gauNa se aura vizeSya ho rahe arthaparyAya sukha ko pradhAnarUpa se yaha naya viSaya karatA hai||41|| 'sukha svarUpa arthaparyAya se sattva sarvathA bhinna hI hai|' isa prakAra kA abhiprAya to durnIti hai| kyoMki sukha aura sattva ke sarvathA bheda mAnane meM aneka prakAra kI bAdhAoM se sahitapanA hai, isa prakAra nayoM ke jAnane vAle vidvAn kahate haiM arthAt sukha aura sattva kA sarvathA bheda kA abhimAna to zuddha dravya artha paryAya naigama kA AbhAsa hai||42|| ___ dUsarA, yaha saMsArI jIva eka kSaNa taka sukhI hai| isa prakAra nizcaya karane vAlA viSayI naya to arthaparyAya azuddha dravya ko prApta naigama vizeSarUpeNa kahA gayA hai| yahA~ sukha to arthaparyAya hai, aura saMsArI jIva azuddha dravya hai ata: isa naya se arthaparyAya ko gauNa rUpa se aura azuddha dravya ko pradhAna rUpa se viSaya kiyA gayA hai||43|| sukha aura jIva ko sarvathA bheda rUpa se kahanA to durnaya hI hai| kyoMki guNa aura guNI meM sarvathA bheda kahanA pramANoM se bAdhita hai| jina vidvAnoM ke prabodha parizuddha haiM, unhoMne saMzayarahitapane se isa bAta ko kahA hai ki sukha aura jIva kA sarvathA bheda kahanA arthaparyAya azuddha dravya naigamAbhAsa hai, aisA jAnanA cAhie // 44 // tIsarA, zuddha dravya vyaMjanaparyAya naigama ina donoM se bhinna isa prakAra hai, jo ki zuddha dravya aura vyaMjanaparyAya ko viSaya karatA hai| jaise ki yaha sat sAmAnya caitanya svarUpa hai, isa prakAra kA nirNaya karanA zuddhadravya vyaMjanaparyAyanaigama naya hai| yahA~ sat sAmAnya to zuddha dravya hai aura usakA caitanyapanA vyaMjana paryAya hai||45|| inase bhinna cauthA, dravyaparyAya naigamanaya vidyamAna hai jo azuddha dravya aura vyaMjana paryAya ko viSaya karatA hai, jaise ki manuSya guNI hai, isa prakAra isa naya dvArA kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ guNavAn to azuddha dravya hai aura manuSya vyaMjana paryAya hai| kathaMcit abheda rUpa se donoM ko yaha naya jAna letA hai| ina do nayoM ke
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 139 bhidAbhidAbhiratyaMtaM prtiiterplaaptH| pUrvavannaigamAbhAsau pratyetavyau tayorapi // 47 // navadhA naigamasyaivaM khyAte: pNcdshoditaaH| nayA: pratItimArUDhAH saMgrahAdinayaiH saha // 48 // trividhstaavnnaigmH| paryAyanaigamaH, dravyanaigamaH, dravyaparyAyanaigamazceti / tatra prthmstredhaa| arthaparyAyanaigamo vyaMjanaparyAyanaigamo'rthavyaMjanaparyAyanaigamazca iti| dvitIyo dvidhA / zuddhadravyamaigamaH, azuddhadravyanaigamazceti / tRtiiyshcturdhaa| zuddhadravyArthaparyAyanaigamaH, zuddhadravyavyaMjanaparyAyanaigamaH, azuddhadravyArthaparyAyanaigamaH, azuddhadravyavyaMjanaparyAyanaigamazceti navadhA naigama: sAbhAsa udAhRtaH parIkSaNIyaH / saMgrahAdayastu vakSyamANA SaDiti sarve paMcadaza nayAH samAsataH prtipttvyaaH|| tatra saMgrahanayaM vyAcaSTe- . ekatvena vizeSANAM grahaNaM saMgraho nayaH / svajAteravirodhena dRSTeSTAbhyAM kathaMcana // 49 // samekIbhAvasamyaktve vartamAno hi gRhyate / niruktyA lakSaNaM tasya tathA sati vibhAvyate // 50 // dvArA viSaya kiye gaye padArthoM kA paraspara meM sarvathA bheda athavA sarvathA atIva abheda karake kathana karanA to una donoM ke bhI pUrva ke samAna do naigamAbhAsa samajha lene caahie| kyoMki atyanta bheda yA abheda pakSa lene se pratItiyoM kA apalApa hotA hai| ata: sat aura caitanya ke sarvathA bheda yA abheda kA abhiprAya zuddhadravya vyaMjanaparyAya naigama kA AbhAsa hai tathA manuSya aura guNI kA sarvathA bheda yA abheda jAna lenA azuddha dravya vyaMjana paryAya naigama kA AbhAsa hai||46-47|| ukta prakAra se naigamanaya ke nau bheda-prabhedoM kA vyAkhyAna karake saMgraha Adi chaha nayoM ke sAtha pratIti meM ArUr3ha nayeM pandraha kaha dI gayI haiN||48|| naigamanaya tIna prakAra kA hai| paryAya naigama, dravya naigama aura dravyaparyAya naigm| ye naigama ke mUla bheda tIna haiN| unameM pahalA paryAyanaigama to arthaparyAyanaigama, vyaMjanaparyAya naigama aura arthavyaMjanaparyAyanaigama tIna prakAra kA hai tathA dUsarA dravyanaigama zuddha dravyanaigama, azuddhadravya naigama ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| . tathA tIsarA dravyaparyAya naigama to zuddha dravyArthaparyAyanaigama 1 zuddha dravyavyaMjanaparyAyanaigama 2 azuddhadravyArthaparyAyanaigama 3 azuddhadravyavyaMjanaparyAyanaigama 4 ina svarUpoM se cAra prakAra kA hai| isa prakAra nau prakAra ke naigamanaya ko unake AbhAsoM se sahita udAharaNapUrvaka kahA gayA hai jo ki vidvAnoM ke dvArA parIkSA karane yogya hai| aura saMgraha Adi chaha naya to bhaviSya meM kahe jAne vAle haiN| isa prakAra nau aura chaha ko milAkara sarva pandraha naya saMkSepa meM samajhane caahie| aba saMgraha naya kA vyAkhyAna karate haiN| - apanI sattAsvarUpa jAti ke dRSTa, iSTa, pramANoM dvArA avirodha karake sabhI vizeSoM ko kathaMcit eka rUpa se grahaNa karanA saMgraha naya hai| saMgraha meM 'saM' zabda kA artha samasta hai vA ekIbhAva hai aura graha kA artha jAna lenA hai| arthAt aneka gauoM ko dekhakara yaha gau hai' aura yaha bhI vahI gau hai' isa prakAra kI buddhiyA~ hone aura zabdoM kI pravRttiyA~ hone ke kAraNa sAdRzya svarUpa ko jAti kahate haiN| sampUrNa padArthoM kA ekIkaraNa
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 140 zuddhadravyamabhipraiti sanmAnaM saMgrahaH prH| sa cAzeSavizeSeSu sadaudAsInyabhAgiha // 51 // nirAkRtavizeSastu sattAdvaitaparAyaNaH / tadAbhAsaH samAkhyAtaH sadbhirdRSTeSTabAdhanAt // 52 // abhinnaM vyaktibhedebhyaH sarvathA bahudhAnakaM / mahAsAmAnyamityuktiH keSAMciddurnayastathA // 53 // zabdabrahmeti cAnyeSAM purussaadvaitmitypi| saMvedanAdvayaM ceti prAyazonyatra darzitam // 54 // dravyatvaM sakaladravyavyApyabhipraiti caaprH| paryAyatvaM ca niHzeSaparyAyavyApisaMgrahaH // 55 // tathaivAvAMtarAn bhedAn saMgRaukatvato bhuH| vartateyaM nayaH samyak prtipkssaaniraakRteH||56|| aura samIcInapanA ina do arthoM meM rahane vAlA sama zabda yahA~ grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| ataH usa saMgraha naya kA lakSaNa saMgraha zabda kI nirukti se hI vicArA jAtA hai| parasaMgrahanaya to sattAmAtra zuddha dravya ko grahaNa karatA hai aura sat hai, isa prakAra sabako ekapane se grahaNa karane vAlA yaha saMgraha naya yahA~ sarvadA sampUrNa vizeSa padArthoM meM udAsInatA ko dhAraNa karatA hai| arthAt "sat-sat" isa prakAra kahane para tInoM kAla ke vivakSita, avivakSita sabhI jIva, ajIva ke bheda prabhedoM kA ekatva se saMgraha ho jAtA hai||49-50-51|| jo naya sampUrNa vizeSoM kA nirAkaraNa kara kevala sattA ke advaita ko kahane meM tatpara hai, vaha sajjana vidvAnoM ke dvArA parasaMgrahAbhAsa kahA jAtA hai| kAraNa ki akele sat yA brahma ko kahane para pratyakSapramANa aura anumAnapramANa se bAdhA upasthita hotI hai; jisako ki hama pUrva meM kaha cuke haiN||52|| sAMkhyoM dvArA mAnA gayA pradhAna tattva to ahaMkAra, tanmAtrA Adi teIsa prakAra kI vizeSa vyaktiyoM se yA vizeSa vyaktoM se sarvathA abhinna hotA huA mahAsAmAnya svarUpa hai| 'triguNamavivetyAdi' (sAMkhyatattva kaumudI) isa prakAra kinhIM kApiloM kA mAnanA durnaya hai arthAt parasaMgrahAbhAsa hai| tathA anya zabdAdvaitavAdiyoM kA akele zabda brahma ko hI svIkAra karanA aura brahmAdvaitavAdiyoM kA vizeSoM se rahita kevala advaya puruSa tattva ko svIkAra karanA tathA yaugAcAra yA vaibhASika bauddhoM kA zuddha saMvedanAdvaita kA pakSa pakar3e rahanA, ye saba kunaya va para-saMgrahAbhAsa haiN| isako bhI hama pUrva meM anya sthAnoM meM bahuta bAra dikhalA cuke haiN| vizeSoM se rahita sAmAnya kucha bhI padArtha nahIM hai // 53-54 // . parasaMgrahanaya ko kahakara aba aparasaMgraha naya kA varNana karate haiN| paramasattA rUpa se sampUrNa bhAvoM ke ekapana kA abhiprAya rakhane vAle parasaMgraha dvArA gRhIta aMzoM ke vizeSa aMzoM ko jAnane vAlA apara-saMgraha naya hai| sat ke vyApya dravya aura paryAya haiN| sampUrNa dravyoM meM vyApane vAle dravyatva ko aparasaMgraha svakIya abhiprAya dvArA jAna letA hai, aura dUsarA apara saMgraha to sampUrNa paryAyoM meM vyApane vAle paryAyatva ko jAna letA hai| usI prakAra aura inake bhI vyApya ho rahe bahuta se avAntara bhedoM kA ekapane se saMgraha kara yaha naya jAnatA hai| apane pratikUla pakSa kA nirAkaraNa nahIM karane se yaha samIcIna naya hai aura apane avAntara sattAvAle viSayoM ke pratipakSI mahAsattA vAle yA tadvyApya vyApya anya vyaktivizeSoM kA niSedha kara dene vAlA kunaya kahA jAtA hai arthAt jaise sampUrNa jIva dravyoM kA ekapane se saMgraha karanA athavA kAlatrayavatI paryAyoM meM dravaNa karane vAle ajIva ke pudgala, dharma Adi bhedoM kA saMgraha kara lenA tathA paryAyoM ke vizeSa bheda sampUrNa ghaToM kA yA sampUrNa paToM kA ekapane se saMgraha karanA apara saMgraha naya hai| isa prakAra vyavahAra naya se pahale aneka viSaya vyApi sAmAnyoM ko jAnatA huA yaha apara saMgrahanaya bahuta prakAra kA hai||55. 56 //
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 141 svavyaktyAtmakataikAMtastadAbhAsopyanekadhA / pratItibAdhito bodhyo niHzeSopyanayA dizA57 dravyatvaM dravyAtmakameva tatorthAMtarabhUtAnAM dravyANAmabhAvAdityaparasaMgrahAbhAsaH, pratItivirodhAt / tathA paryAyatvaM paryAyAtmakameva tatorthAMtarabhUtaparyAyAsattvAditi tattvaM tata eva / tathA jIvatvaM jIvAtmakameva, pudgalatvaM pudgalAtmakameva, dharmatvaM dharmAtmakameva, adharmatvaM adharmAtmakameva, AkAzatvaM AkAzAtmakameva, kAlatvaM kAlAtmakameveti caaprsNgrhaabhaasaaH| jIvatvAdisAmAnyAnAM svavyaktibhyo bhedena kathaMcitpratIteranyathA tadanyataralope srvlopaanussNgaat| tathA kramabhAviparyAyatvaM kramabhAviparyAyavizeSAtmakameva, sahabhAviguNatvaM tadvizeSAtmakameveti vAparasaMgrahAbhAsau pratItipratighAtAdeva / evamaparAparadravyaparyAyabhedasAmAnyAni svavyaktyAtmakAnyevetyabhiprAyAH sarvepyaparasaMgrahAbhAsAH pramANabAdhitatvAdeva boddhavyAH, prtiityviruddhsyaivaaprsNgrhprpNcsyaavsthittvaat|| usa apara saMgraha kA AbhAsa bhI aneka prakAra kA hai| apanI vyakti aura jAti ke sarvathA eka Atmakapane ke ekAnta kI pratItiyoM se bAdhita hone se apara saMgrahAbhAsa samajhanA caahie| isa hI saMketa se sampUrNa bhI apara saMgrahAbhAsa samajha lenaa| arthAt ghaTa sAmAnya aura ghaTa vizeSoM kA sarvathA bheda yA abheda mAnane kA Agraha karanA apara saMgrahAbhAsa hai||57|| AcArya kahate haiM ki jo koI sAMkhyamata anuyAyI dravyatva sAmAnya ko dravya vyaktiyoM ke sAtha tadAtmaka hI mAnate haiM kyoMki usa dravyatva se bhinna dravyoM kA abhAva hai| yaha unakA mAnanA pratItiyoM se virodha ho jAne ke kAraNa aparasaMgrahAbhAsa hai| usI prakAra paryAyatva sAmAnya bhI paryAya Atmaka hI hai| usa paryAya sAmAnya se sarvathA arthAntarabhUta ho rahe paryAyoM kA asadbhAva hai| isa prakAra kA kathana bhI pratIti virodha ho jAne se apara saMgrahAbhAsa hai| tathA jIvatva aneka jIvoM kA tadAtmaka dharma hai| padalatva sAmA pudgala vyakti svarUpa hI hai| dharma dravyapanA dharmadravya svarUpa hI hai| adharmatva adharmadravya svarUpa hI hai| AkAzatva dharma AkAzasvarUpa hI hai| kAlatva sAmAnyakAla paramANuoM svarUpa hI hai| isa prakAra jAti aura vyaktiyoM ke sarvathA abheda ekAnta ko kahane vAle saba aparasaMgrahAbhAsa haiN| kyoMki jIvatva, pudgalatva Adi sAmAnyoM kI apane vizeSa vyaktiyoM se kathaMcit bheda rUpa se pratIti hotI hai| ___anyathA yAnI kathaMcit bheda nahIM mAna kara dUsare azakya vivecanatva Adi prakAroM se unakA sarvathA abheda mAnoge to una donoM meM se eka kA lopa ho jAne para bace hue zeSa kA bhI lopa hone kA prasaMga aayegaa| arthAt - vizeSa kA sAmAnya ke sAtha abheda mAnane para sAmAnya meM vizeSa lIna ho jaayegaa| evaM vizeSoM kA pralaya ho jAne para sAmAnya kucha bhI nahIM raha sakatA hai| . dravya vyaktiyoM aura dravya jAtiyoM kA abheda kaha kara aba paryAyoM kA apanI jAti ke sAtha abheda mAnane ko nayAbhAsa kahate haiN| jo koI prativAdI kramabhAvI paryAyatva sAmAnya ko krama-krama se hone vAle vizeSa paryAyoM svarUpa hI kaha rahA hai, athavA sahabhAvI paryAya guNatva ko usa guNatva sAmAnya ke vizeSa ho rahe aneka guNa Atmaka hI iSTa karanA hai| ina donoM kA bhI pratItiyoM dvArA pratighAta ho jAne se hI apara saMgrahAbhAsa samajha lene caahie| isI prakAra aura bhI Age ke uttarottara dravya yA paryAyoM ke bheda-prabheda rUpa sAmAnya dravyatva, (pRthivItva, ghaTatva Adi) bhI apanI-apanI vyaktiyA~ dravya aura paryAyasvarUpa hI haiN| isa abhiprAya ko sabhI pramANoM se bAdhita hone se apara saMgraha ke AbhAsa samajha lene caahie| kyoMki pratItiyoM se aviruddha padArthoM ko vizeSa karane vAle nayoM ko aparasaMgraha naya ke prapaMca kI vyavasthA kI jA cukI h|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 142 vyavahAranayaM prarUpayatisaMgraheNa gRhItAnAmarthAnAM vidhipUrvakaH / yovahAro vibhAgaH syAdvyavahAro nayaH smRtaH // 58 // sa cAnekaprakAraH syAduttaraH parasaMgrahAt / yatsattadrvyaparyAyAviti praagRjusuutrtH||59|| kalpanAropitadravyaparyAyapravibhAgabhAk / pramANabAdhitonyastu tadAbhAso'vasIyatAm // 60 // parasaMgrahastAvatsarvaM saditi saMgRhNAti, vyavahArastu tadvibhAgamabhipraiti yatsattadravyaM paryAya iti| yathaivAparasaMgrahaH sarvadravyANi dravyamiti saMgRhNAti sarvaparyAyAH paryAya iti| vyavahArastadvibhajate yadravyaM tajjIvAdiSaDvidhaM, ya: paryAya: sa dvividhaH kramabhAvI sahabhAvI ceti| punarapi saMgrahaH sarvAn jIvAdIn saMgRhNAti jIva: pudgalo dharmo'dharmaH AkAzaM kAla iti, kramabhuvazca paryAyAn kramabhAviparyAya iti, sahabhAviparyAyAMstu saMgraha naya kA varNana kara zrI vidyAnanda svAmI aba kramaprApta vyavahAra naya kA prarUpaNa karate haiN| saMgraha naya ke dvArA gRhIta padArthoM kA vidhipUrvaka jo avahAra (vibhAga) kiyA jAtA hai, vaha vyavahAranaya mAnA gayA hai| arthAt vibhAga karane vAlA vyavahAra naya hai| aura vaha vyavahAra naya parasaMgraha se uttaravartI hokara RjusUtra naya se pahile rahatA huA aneka prakAra kA hai| parasaMgrahanaya ne sat ko viSaya kiyA thaa| jo sat hai vaha dravya aura paryAya rUpa hai| isa prakAra vibhAga kara jAnane vAlA vyavahAra naya hai| yadyapi apara saMgraha ne bhI dravya aura paryAyoM ko jAna liyA hai, kintu aparasaMgraha ne sat kA bheda karate hue una dravya paryAyoM ko nahIM jAnA hai| pahile se hI vibhAga ko nahIM karate hue yugapat sampUrNa dravyoM ko jAna liyA hai| athavA dUsare aparasaMgraha ne zIghra hI sampUrNa paryAyoM ko viSaya kara liyA hai| kintu vyavahAra ne vibhAga ko karate hue jAnA hai| vyavahAra ke upayogI mahAsAmAnya ke bhI bhedoM ko jAnane vAlA vaha vyavahAra, naya hai|58-59|| dravya aura paryAyoM ke Aropita kiye gaye kalpita vibhAgoM ko jo naya kadAgraha pUrvaka grahaNa karatA hai vaha pramANoM se bAdhita vyavahAra naya se pRthak vyavahAra nayAbhAsa hai| aisA jAnanA caahie| kyoMki dravya aura paryAyoM kA vibhAga kalpita nahIM hai||60|| sabase pahile parasaMgraha to 'sampUrNa padArtha sat haiM' isa prakAra saMgraha karatA hai aura vyavahAra naya una sat padArthoM ke vibhAga karane kA abhiprAya rakhatA hai ki jo sat hai vaha dravya yA paryAya rUpa hai| tathA jisa prakAra apara saMgraha naya sampUrNa dravyoM ko eka dravyapane se saMgraha karatA hai aura sampUrNa triloka trikAlavartI paryAyoM ko eka paryAyapane se saMgraha kara letA hai| kintu vyavahAra naya unakA dravya aura paryAya se do vibhAga karatA hai, jo dravya hai vaha jIva, pudgala, Adi chaha prakAra kA hai, aura jo paryAya hai vaha kramabhAvI aura sahabhAvI isa bheda se do prakAra kI hai| apara saMgraha kI eka bAra pravRtti ho cukane ke bAda phira bhI usakA vyApya apara saMgraha naya to sampUrNa jIvAdi ko jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla isa prakAra vyApya aneka jIva Adi kA saMgraha karatA hai tathA krama se hone vAlI aneka sajAtIya paryAyoM ko ye kramabhAvI paryAya haiM isa prakAra saMgraha karatA hai evaM sahabhAvI aneka jAtivAlI paryAyoM ko ye sahabhAvI paryAya haiM, isa prakAra saMgraha karatA hai| kintu yaha vyavahAra naya to una saMgraha naya dvArA gRhIta viSayoM ke vibhAga karane kI isa prakAra abhilASA karatA hai ki, jo jIva dravya hai vaha mukta aura saMsArI ha, aura jo pudgaladravya hai vaha aNusvarUpa aura skandhasvarUpa hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 143 sahabhAviparyAya iti / vyavahArastu tadvibhAgamabhipreti yo jIvaH sa muktaH saMsArI ca, ya: pudgalaH soNuH skaMdhazca, yo dharmAstikAya: sa jIvagatihetuH pudgalagatihetuzca, yastvadharmAstikAya: sa jIvasthitiheturajIvasthitihetuzca paryAyato drvytstsyaiktvaat| tathA yadAkAzaM tallokAkAzamalokAkAzaM ca, yaH kAlaH sa mukhyo vyAvahArikazceti, yaH kramabhAvI paryAyaH sa kriyArUpo'kriyArUpazca, vizeSaH yaH sahabhAvI paryAyaH sa guNaH, sadRzapariNAmazca sAmAnyamiti aparAparasaMgrahavyavahAraprapaMcaH prAgRjusUtrAtparasaMgrahAduttaraH pratipattavyaH, sarvasya vastunaH kthNcitsaamaanyvishessaatmktvaat| na caivaM vyavahArasya naigamatvaprasaktiH saMgrahaviSayapravibhAgaparatvAt sarvatra naigamasya tu guNapradhAnobhayaviSayatvAt / yaH punaH kalpanAropitadravyaparyAyavibhAgamabhipreti sa ___ jo dharmAstikAya hai vaha jIva aura pudgala kI gati kA kAraNa hai tathA jo adharmAstikAya hai vaha jIva aura ajIvoM kI sthiti kA kAraNa hai| dharma adharma dravyoM kA dvaividhyapanA yA anekapanA to paryAyoM kI apekSA se hI hai| dravyarUpa se ve donoM eka-eka hI haiM tathA jo AkAza dravya hai vaha lokAkAza aura alokAkAza rUpa hai, jo kAla dravya hai, vaha aNusvarUpa mukhyakAla aura samaya, AvalikA Adi vyavahArasvarUpa hai| . bhAvArtha - isa prakAra dravya ke bheda-prabhedoM kA saMgraha kara vyavahAra naya dvArA unakA vibhAga kara diyA jAtA hai tathA mukta jIvoM kA bhI jaghanya avagAhanA vAle, madhyama avagAhanAvAle, utkRSTa avagAhanA vAle, yA dvIpasiddha, samudrasiddha, pratyeka buddha, bodhitabuddha Adi dharmoM ke dvArA saMgraha kara puna: vyavahAra naya se unakA bheda rUpa se prarUpaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMsArI ke trasa, sthAvara, manuSya, strI, deva, nArakI Adi svarUpa saMgraha kara puna: vyavahAra upayogI vibhAga kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra paryAyoM meM samajhanA caahie| jo kramabhAvI paryAyeM saMgRhIta huI haiM ve parispaMdAtmaka kriyA rUpa aura aparispaMdAtmaka akriyA rUpa se vizeSa svarUpa haiM aura jo sahabhAvI paryAya hai vaha nityaguNa svarUpa hai aura sadRza pariNAmAtmaka sAmAnya rUpa hai| yahA~ bhI kriyA rUpa paryAyoM ke bhramaNa, tiryaggamana, Urdhvagamana, Adi bheda kiye jA sakate haiN| akriyA rUpa paryAyoM ke jJAna, sukhaM, krodha, dhyAna, sAmAyika, adhyayana Adi bheda ho sakate haiN| guNoM ke bhI anujIvI, pratijIvI, paryAya zakti, sAmAnya guNa, vizeSa guNa, ye bheda kiye jA sakate haiN| sAmAnya kA bhI gotva, pazutva, jIvatva Adi rUpa karake vibhAga kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra uttarottara hone vAlA saMgraha aura vyavahAra naya kA prapaMca RjusUtra naya se pahale-pahale aura para saMgraha se uttarottara aMzoM kI vivakSA karane para samajha lenA caahie| kyoMki jagat kI sampUrNa vastue~ sAmAnya aura vizeSa ke sAtha kathaMcit ekAtmaka haiN| ata: naya ko upajAne vAle puruSa kA abhiprAya sAmAnya rUpa se jAnakara vizeSoM ko jAnane ke lie pravRtta ho jAtA hai| isa ukta prakAra kathana karane para vyavahAra naya ko naigamapane kA prasaMga nahIM AtA hai| kyoMki vyavahAra naya saMgraha dvArA viSaya kiye gaye padArtha kA vyavahAropayogI sarvatra vibhAga karane meM tatpara hai aura naigamanaya atyadhika gauNa aura pradhAna donoM prakAra ke dharma-dharmiyoM ko viSaya karatA hai| arthAt vyavahAra to eka sadbhUta aMza ke bhI vyavahAra upayogI aMzoM ko jAnatA hai| kintu naigama naya pradhAnabhUta yA gauNabhUta sat, asat, aMza, aMziyoM ko jAna letA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 144 vyavahArAbhAsaH, pramANabAdhitatvAt / tathAhi-na kalpanAropita eva dravyaparyAyapravibhAgaH svArthakriyAhetutvAdanyathA tadanupapatteH / vaMdhyAputrAdivat / vyavahArasya mithyAtve tadAnukUlyena pramANAnAM pramANatA ca na syAt, svapnAdivibhramAnukUlyenApi teSAM prmaanntvprsNgaat| taduktaM / "vyavahArAnukUlyena pramANAnAM pramANatA / nAnyathA bAdhyamAnAnAM teSAM ca tatprasaMgataH // " iti| sAMpratamRjusUtranayaM sUtrayatiRjusUtraM kSaNadhvaMsi vastu satsUtrayedRju / prAdhAnyena guNIbhAvAdrvyasyAnarpaNAtsataH // 61 // nirAkaroti yadravyaM bahiraMtazca srvthaa| sa tadAbho'bhimaMtavyaH pratIterapalApataH // 62 // jo naya punaH kalpanA se Aropita dravya aura paryAya ke vibhAga kA abhiprAya karatA hai, vaha kunaya hotA huA vyavahArAbhAsa hai| kyoMki yadi dravya aura paryAya ke vibhAga ko vAstavika nahIM mAnA jAegA to pramANoM se bAdhA upasthita ho jaavegii| tathAhi dravya aura paryAya kA vibhAga (pakSa) korI kalpanAoM se Aropita kiyA gayA nahIM hai| apane-apane dvArA kI jAne yogya arthakriyA kA hetu hone se anyathA (dravya aura paryAya ke vibhAga ko kalpita mAnoge to) una kalpita dravya aura paryAyoM se usa arthakriyA kI siddhi nahIM ho sakegI, jaise ki vandhyA ke putra se kuTumba saMtAna nahIM cala sakatI hai, AkAza ke puSpa se sugandha prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai, ityAdi vyatirekadRSTAnta yadi dravya yA paryAyoM kI korI kalpanA karane vAle bauddha kaheM ki ye saba arthakriyA karane ke lie yA 'yaha aMza dravya hai' 'itanA aMza paryAya hai' ye saba vyavahAra to mithyA haiN| isake pratyuttara meM AcArya kahate haiM taba to usa vyavahAra ke anukUla rUpa se mAnI gayI pramANoM kI pramANatA bhI nahIM ho skegii| anyathA svapna, mUchita Adi ke bhrAnta vyavahAroM kI anukUlatA se bhI una svapna Adi ke jJAnoM ko pramANapane kA prasaMga AvegA / vahI tumhAre granthoM meM kahA jA cukA hai ki laukika vyavahAroM kI anukUlatA ke dvArA pramANoM kA pramANapanA vyavasthita ho rahA hai, dUsare prakAroM se jJAnoM kI pramANatA nahIM hai| anya prakAroM se pramANatA mAnane para pramANa se una svapna jJAna yA bhrAnta jJAna athavA saMzaya jJAnoM ko bhI pramANatA kA prasaMga AvegA / arthAt - dina rAta lokavyavahAra meM Ane vAle kArya to dravya aura paryAyoM se hI kiye jA rahe dekhe jAte haiN| vyavahArI manuSya laukika vyavahAroM se jJAna kI pramANatA ko jAna letA hai| zItala vAyu se jala ke jJAna meM prAmANya jAna liyA jAtA hai| anukUla, pratikUla, vyavahAroM se zatrutA, mitratA parIkSita ho jAtI hai| paThana, pAThana, carcA, nirNAyaka zakti se prakANDa vidvattA kA nirNaya kara liyA jAtA hai| yadi ye vyavahAra mithyA hote to jJAnoM kI pramANatA ke sampAdaka nahIM ho sakate the| ata: va dravya aura paryAyoM ke vibhAga vyavahAra ko batAne vAle vyavahAra naya kA varNana yahA~ taka samApta ho cukA hai| vyavahAra naya ko kahakara aba vartamAna kAla meM cauthe RjusUtra naya kI zrI vidyAnanda svAmI sUcanA dete haiN| _ RjusUtra naya paryAya ko viSaya karane vAlA hai| kSaNa meM dhvaMsa hone vAlI vastu ke sadbhUta vyakta rUpa kI pradhAnatA karake RjusUtra naya bodha karA detA hai| yadyapi yahA~ nitya dravya vidyamAna hai, tathApi usa sat
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 145 kAryakAraNatA ceti grAhyagrAhakatApi vaa| vAcyavAcakatA ceti kvArthasAdhanadUSaNaM // 3 // lokasaMvRttisatyaM ca satyaM ca paramArthataH / kvaivaM siddhyedyadAzritya buddhAnAM dharmadezanA // 64 // sAmAnAdhikaraNyaM kva vizeSaNavizeSyatA / sAdhyasAdhanabhAvo vA kvAdhArAdheyatApi ca / 65 / / saMyogo viprayogo vA kriyaakaarksNsthitiH| sAdRzyaM vaisadRzyaM vA svsNtaanetrsthitiH||66|| samudAyaH kva ca pretyabhAvAdi drvynihnve| baMdhamokSavyavasthA vA sarvatheSTA'prasiddhitaH // 67 // dravya kI vivakSA nahIM karane se usakA gauNapanA hai| arthAt dravya kI bhUta paryAyeM to naSTa ho cukI haiM, aura bhaviSya paryAyeM na jAne kaba-kaba utpanna hoNgii| ata: yaha naya vartamAna kAla kI paryAya ko hI viSaya karatA hai| trikAlAnvayI dravya kI vivakSA nahIM karatA hai| yadyapi eka kSaNa ke paryAya se hI par3hanA, pacanA, Adi aneka laukika kArya siddha nahIM ho sakate haiM, kintu yahA~ kevala isa naya kA viSaya nirUpaNa kara diyA hai| loka vyavahAra to sampUrNa nayoM ke samudAya se sAdhane yogya hai||61|| . ___ jo bauddhoM dvArA mAnA gayA jJAna vartamAna paryAya mAtra ko hI grahaNa karatA hai aura bahiraMga antaraMga dravyoM kA sabhI prakAra se khaNDana karatA hai vaha usa RjusUtra naya kA AbhAsa (kunaya) mAnanA caahie| kyoMki bauddhoM ke abhiprAya anusAra mAnane para pramANa prasiddha pratItiyoM kA apalApa ho jAtA hai| arthAt - sabhI paryAyeM dravya se anvita ho rahI haiN| binA dravya ke pariNAma honA asambhava hai| RjusUtra bhale hI kevala paryAyoM ko hI jAnatA hai, kintu vaha dravya kA khaNDana nahIM kara sakatA hai|62|| anvita dravyoM ko nahIM mAnane para bauddhoM ke yahA~ kArya - kAraNa bhAva athavA grAhyagrAhaka bhAva aura vAcyavAcaka bhAva bhI kahA~ bana sakate haiN| aisI dazA meM svakIya iSTa artha kA sAdhana aura parapakSa kA dUSaNa ye vicAra kaise bana sakeMge? padArthoM ko kAlAntara sthAyI mAnane para hI kArya-kAraNa bhAva banatA hai||63|| isa prakAra dravya kA apahnava karane vAle kSaNika pakSa meM laukika vyavahArasatya aura paramArtha rUpa se satya ye kaise siddha ho sakeMge? jisakA ki Azraya karake bauddhoM ke yahA~ buddhoM kA dharma upadeza denA bana ske| arthAt - vAstavika kArya-kAraNa bhAva ke binA vyavahArasatya aura paramArtha satya kA nirNaya nahIM ho sakatA hai| vAcyavAcaka bhAva ke binA sugata kA dharmopadeza bhI siddha nahIM ho sakatA hai||64|| trikAla meM anvita rahane vAle dravya ko mAne binA sAmAnAdhikaraNya, vizeSoM meM samAnAdhikaraNapanA vizeSaNa-vizeSyapanA, sAdhya-sAdhana bhAva athavA AdhAra-Adheya bhAva kaise ghaTita ho pAte haiM? sAdhyasAdhana bhAva ke lie vyAptigrahaNa, pakSavRttitva jJAna, sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna, vyAptismaraNa, inakI AvazyakatA haiM, kSaNika meM ye kArya ghaTita nahIM hote haiN| avayavI, sAdhAraNa, kAlAntara sthAyI, padArthoM meM AdhAra-Adheya bhAva sambhavatA hai, kSaNika, paramANu, vizeSoM meM nhiiN||65|| nitya pariNAmI dravya ko svIkAra nahIM karane para bauddhoM ke yahA~ saMyoga athavA vibhAga tathA kriyAkAraka kI vyavasthA aura sAdRzya, vaisAdRzya athavA svasaMtAna para saMtAnoM kI pratiSThA evaM samudAya aura marakara ' janma lenA svarUpa pretyabhAva yA sAdharmya Adi kahA~ bana sakeMge? athavA bandha, mokSa kI vyavasthA kaise kahA~ * hogI? kyoMki sabhI prakAroM se iSTa padArthoM kI tamhAre yahA~ prasiddhi nahIM ho rahI hai|66-67||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 146 kSaNadhvaMsina eva bahiraMtazca bhAvAH, kSaNadvayasthASNutvepi teSAM sarvadA nAzAnupapatteH kauTasthyaprasaMgAt krmaakrmaabhyaamrthkriyaavirodhaadvstutaaptteH| iti yo dravyaM nirAkaroti sarvathA sotrarjusUtrAbhAso hi maMtavyaH pratItyatikramAt / pratyabhijJAnapratItirhi bahiraMtazcaikaM dravyaM pUrvottarapariNAmavarti sAdhayaMtI bAdhavidhurA prasAdhitaiva purastAt / tasmin sati pratikSaNavinAzasyeSTatvAnna vinAzAnupapattirna bhAvAnAM kauTasthyApattiH yata: sarvathArthakriyAvirodhAt avastutA syAt / yopi ca manyate paramArthataH kAryakAraNabhAvasyAbhAvAnna grAhyagrAhakabhAvo bauddhoM kA maMtavya hai ki sampUrNa bahiraMga antaraMga padArtha eka kSaNa sthita rahakara dUsare hI kSaNa naSTa ho jAte haiN| yadi padArthoM ko eka kSaNa se adhika do kSaNa bhI sthitizIla mAna liyA jAyegA to sadA una padArthoM kA nAza honA saMbhava nahIM hogA (yAnI kabhI unakA nAza nahIM ho skegaa)| arthAt jo padArtha do kSaNa Thahara jAyegA vaha tIsare Adi kSaNoM meM bhI naSTa nahIM hogaa| aisI dazA ho jAne se padArthoM ke kUTasthanityatva kA prasaMga aayegaa| tathA kUTastha pakSa anusAra krama aura akrama se arthakriyA hone kA virodha hone se avastupana kA prasaMga A jaayegaa| sabhI sadbhUta padArtha eka kSaNa taka hI jIvita haiM dUsare kSaNa meM unakA samagratA meM nAza ho jAtA hai| kUTastha padArtha meM arthakriyA nahIM hone se vastutva kI vyavasthA nahIM hai| ataH pahile pIche kucha bhI anvaya nahIM rakhate hue sabhI padArtha kSaNika haiN| isa prakAra kahane vAlA sautrAntika bauddha trikAlAnvayI dravya kA khaNDana kara rahA hai| AcArya kahate haiM ki usakA vaha jJAna sabhI prakAroM se RjusUtra. nayAbhAsa mAnanA cAhie, kyoMki bauddhoM ke matAnusAra padArthoM ko kSaNika mAnane para prAmANika pratItiyoM kA atikramaNa ho jAtA hai| kyoMki pratyabhijJAna pramANa svarUpa pratIti hI bAdhaka pramANoM se rahita hotI huI apane pUrvottara kAla kI paryAyoM meM sthita bahiraMga antaraMga eka dravya ko siddha karane vAle pUrva ke prakaraNoM meM hamane siddha kara dI bhAvArtha - sthAsa, koza, kuzUla Adi paryAyoM meM miTTI ke samAna aneka bahirbhUta paryAyoM meM eka pudgala dravyapanA vyavasthita hai, tathA Age pIche kAloM meM hone vAle aneka jJAna sukha icchA Adi paryAyoM meM eka antaraMga AtmA dravya sthita hai| isa nitya dravya ko jAnane vAlA bAdhArahita pratyabhijJAna pramANa kahA jA cukA hai| dravyArthikanaya anusAra usa anvita nitya dravya ko svIkAra karane para paryAyArthika naya se bhAvoM kA pratikSaNa vinAza honA abhISTa ho sakatA hai| ataH vinAza kI asiddhi nahIM hai| vinAza ke na mAna lene para bhI padArthoM ke sarvathA kUTasthapana kA prasaMga nahIM AtA hai, jisase ki kUTastha padArtha meM sabhI prakAroM se arthakriyA ho jAne kA virodha ho jAne se avastupanA A sakatA hai (ata: dravya kA khaNDana nahIM karatA huA kSaNika paryAyoM ko viSaya karane vAlA RjusUtranaya hai, aura sarvathA niranvaya kSaNika pariNAmoM ko jAnane vAlA RjusUtra nayAbhAsa hai)| jo bhI yaugAcAra bauddha mAnate haiM ki paramArtha se kArya-kAraNa bhAva kA abhAva hone se grAhyagrAhaka bhAva bhI nahIM banatA aura na vAcyavAcaka bhAva bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai, jisase ki bahiraMga arthoM kI siddhi ho ske|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 147 vAcyavAcakabhAvo vA yato bahirarthaH siddhyet| vijJAnamAtraM tu sarvamidaM traidhAtukamiti, sopi carjusUtrAbhAsaH svprpksssaadhnduussnnaabhaavprsNgaat| lokasaMvRttyA svapakSasya sAdhanAt parapakSasya bAdhanAt dUSaNAdadoSa iti cenna, lokasaMvRttisatyasya paramArthasatyasya ca pramANatosiddheH tadAzrayaNenApi buddhAnAmadharmadezanAdUSaNadvAreNa dhrmdeshnaanupptteH| etena citrAdvaitaM, saMvedanAdvaitaM, kSaNikamityapi mananamRjusUtrAbhAsatAmAyAtItyuktaM veditavyaM / kiM ca, sAmAnAdhikaraNyAbhAvo dravyasyobhayAdhArabhUtasya nihnvaat| tathA ca kutaH zabdAdervizeSyatA kSaNikatvakRtakatvAdeH sAdhyasAdhanadharmakalApasya ca tadvizeSaNatA siddhyet? tadasiddhau ca na sAdhyasAdhanabhAva: yaha sampUrNa jagat to kevala vijJAnasvarUpa hai| kArya-kAraNa bhAva yA grAhya-grAhaka bhAva athavA vAcya-vAcakabhAva ina tInoM dhAtuoM kA samudAya vijJAnamaya hai| zuddha vijJAna ke atirikta koI padArtha nahIM hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki isa prakAra kahane vAle yogAcArya kA vaha vicAra bhI RjusUtra nayAbhAsa hai| kyoMki kAryakAraNabhAva Adi ko vAstavika mAne binA svapakSa ke sAdhana aura parapakSa ke dUSaNa dene ke abhAva kA prasaMga AtA hai| arthAt jJeya-jJAyaka aura vAcya-vAcaka mAnane para svapakSasiddhi aura parapakSadUSaNa ko vacana dvArA samajhA jA sakatA hai, anyathA nhiiN|| kalpita lokavyavahAra se svapakSa kA sAdhana aura parapakSa kA bAdhana ho jAne se dUSaNa de diyA jAtA hai| ata: koI doSa nahIM hai| vijJAnAdvaitavAdiyoM ko aisA nahIM kahanA caahie| kyoMki laukika vyavahAra se satya aura paramArtha rUpa se satya padArtha kI tamhAre yahA~ pramANoM se siddhi nahIM ho sakI hai| ata: usa loka vyavahAra kA Azraya karane se bhI bauddhoM kA adharma upadeza ke dUSaNa dvArA dharma upadeza denA nahIM bana sakatA hai| arthAt - dharma kA upadeza tabhI siddha ho pAtA hai,jabaki adharma ke upadeza meM dUSaNa uThAye jA skeN| yaha saba vAcya vAcaka bhAva mAnane para aura loka vyavahAra ko satya mAnane para sadha sakatA hai, anyathA nhiiN| ukta kathana se bauddhoM kA citrAdvaita athavA saMvedanAdvaita ko kSaNika mAnanA yaha bhI RjusUtrAbhAsapane ko prApta ho jAtA hai, yaha kaha diyA gayA samajha lenA caahie| arthAt jJAna ke nIlAkAra, pItAkAra Adi kA pRthak vivecana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| ata: svayaM citratA ko dhArane vAlA yaha citrAdvaitajJAna bhI kunaya hai| grAhya, grAhaka aura saMvitti ina tInoM viSayoM se rahita zuddha samvedana advaita bhI RjusUtrAbhAsa hai| kiMca - kSaNikavAdI bauddhoM ke yahA~ dUsare ye doSa bhI Ate haiM ki do pariNAmoM ke AdhArabhUta samAnadravya kA lopa hone se zabda Adi kA vizeSyapanA siddha kaise ho sakegA? kSaNika paramANurUpa pakSa meM samAna adhikaraNapanA nahIM banatA hai| tathA kSaNikatva Adi sAdhya aura kRtakatva Adi sAdhanabhUta dharmoM ke samudAya ko una zabda Adi pakSa kA vizeSaNapanA siddha nahIM ho sakegA, aura jaba vizeSya - vizeSaNa bhAva siddha nahIM ho sakatA to kSaNikatva aura kRtakatva meM sAdhya, hetupanA nahIM bana skegaa| ata: hetu ke dharma mAne gaye pakSavRttitva aura sapakSasattva nahIM siddha ho pAte haiN| arthAt - zabda (pakSa) kSaNika hai (sAdhya) kRtaka hone se (hetu) yahA~ anumAna prayoga meM pakSa vizeSya hotA hai| sAdhya aura hetu usameM vizeSaNa hokara rahate haiN| hetu meM pakSavRttitva, sapakSasattva aura vipakSavyAvRttatva ye tIna dharma rahate haiN| tathA pakSa meM rahane kI apekSA hetu aura sAdhya kA sAmAnAdhikaraNya hai| ataH hetu meM Thaharane kI apekSA pakSasattva, sapakSasattva vipakSavyAvRtti ina tInoM dharmoM meM samAna adhikaraNapanA hai| kAlAntara sthAyI sAmAnya padArtha yA dravya ke mAnane para hI
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 148 sAdhanasya pkssdhrmtvspksssttvaanupptteH| kalpanAropitasya sAdhyasAdhanabhAvasyeSTeradoSa iti cenna; bahirarthatvakalpanAyAH sAdhyasAdhanadharmAdhArAnupapatteH. kvacidapyAdhArAdheyatAyAH sNbhvaabhaavaat| kiM ca. saMyogavibhAgAbhAvo dravyAbhAvAt kriyAvirahazca tato na kArakavyavasthA yata: kiMcitparamArthato'rthakriyAkAri vastu syaat| sadRzetarapariNAmAbhAvazca pariNAmino drvysyaaphnvaat| tataH svaparasaMtAnavyavasthitivirodhaH sadRzetarakAryakAraNAnAmatyaMtamasaMbhavAt / samudAyAyogazca, samudAyino drvysyaaneksyaasmudaayaavsthaaprityaagpuurvksmudaayaavsthaamupaaddaansyaaphnvaat| tata eva na pretyabhAvaH zubhAzubhAnuSThAnaM tatphalaM.ca puNyaM pApaM baMdho vA vyavatiSThate yato saMsAramokSavyavasthA tatra syAt, srvthaapiissttsyaaprsiddhH| saMvRtyA hi neSTasya siddhiH saMvRtema'SAtvAt / nApi paramArthataH pAramArthikaikadravyasiddhiprasaMgAt tadabhAve tadanupapatteriti priikssitmskRdvidyaanNdimhodye|| samAnAdhikaraNapanA banatA hai, anyathA nhiiN| tathA kalpanA se Aropita sAdhyasAdhana bhAva abhISTa hai| ata: koI doSa nahIM hai| aisA bhI nahIM kahanA caahie| kyoMki bahiraMga arthapane kI kalpanA ko sAdhyadharma aura sAdhanadharma kA AdhAra nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| tumhAre yahA~ kahIM bhI vAstavika rUpa se AdhAra Adheya bhAva kI sambhAvanA nahIM mAnI gaI hai| arthAt kvacit mukhya rUpa se siddha padArtha kA anyatra upacAra kara liyA jA sakatA hai| sarvathA kalpita padArtha kisI kA AdhAra nahIM ho sakatA hai| ata: kSaNika pakSa meM AdhAraAdheya bhAva nahIM bana sakatA hai| kiMca bauddhoM ke yahA~ dravya kA abhAva hone se saMyoga aura vibhAga kA abhAva ho jAtA hai, tathA kSaNika pakSa meM kriyA kA viraha hai, isalie kriyA kI apekSA hone vAle kArakoM kI vyavasthA nahIM ho pAtI hai jisase ki koI vastu vAstavika rUpa se arthakriyA ko karane vAlI ho sakatI hai| tathA, bauddhoM ke yahA~ pariNAmI dravya kA apahnava karane se sadRza pariNAma aura visadRza pariNAma kA abhAva ho jAtA hai aura aisA ho jAne se apane pUrva apara kSaNoM ke saMtAna kI vyavasthA kA aura dUsaroM ke cittoM ke santAna kI vyavasthA kara dene kA virodha AtA hai| kyoMki dravya ke abhAva meM sadRza kArya kAraNoM aura visadRza kArya kAraNoM kA honA kSaNika siddhAnta meM atyaMta asambhava hai, tathA kSaNika pakSa meM samudAya nahIM bana sakatA hai| kyoMki aneka meM sthira aura asamudAya avasthA ke parityAgapUrvaka samudAya avasthA ko grahaNa karane vAle eka samudAyIdravya kA apahnava kiyA gayA hai| ata: eka anvetA dravya ke nahIM svIkAra karane se bauddhoM ke yahA~ marakara janma lenA yA zubha, azubha karmoM kA anuSThAna karanA athavA una zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala puNya, pApa prApta honA, tathaiva una puNya, pApa kA AtmA ke sAtha bandha ho jAnA Adi kI vyavasthA nahIM ho sakatI hai jisase ki usa kSaNika pakSa meM saMsAra aura mokSa kI vyavasthA bana sake arthAt mokSa aura saMsAra kI vyavasthA bhI nahIM ho sakatI, sabhI prakAroM se iSTa padArthoM kI prasiddhi nahIM ho sktii| ata: bauddhoM ke vicAra kunaya vyAvahArika kalpanA se to bauddhoM ke yahA~ iSTa padArtha kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai kyoMki saMvRti ko jhUThA mAnA gayA hai| aura vAstavika rUpa se bhI iSTa tattvoM kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai kyoMki aisA mAnane para paramArthabhUta eka anvita trikAlavartI dravya kI siddhi ho jAne kA prasaMga aayegaa| usa pariNAmI anvetA dravya ko nahIM mAnane para vAstavika iSTa dharmopadeza, sAdhyasAdhanabhAva, pretyabhAva, bandha, mokSa Adi iSTapadArthoM kI siddhi nahIM ho sakegI kI isa siddhAMta kI 'vidyAnandamahodaya' grantha meM kaI bAra parIkSA kara cuke hai arthAt kitanI hI bAra inakA kathana kara diyA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 149 zabdanayamupavarNayati - kAlAdibhedatorthasya bhedaM yaH pratipAdayet / sotra zabdanayaH shbdprdhaantvaadudaahRtH||68|| kAlakArakaliMgasaMkhyAsAdhanopagrahabhedAdbhinnamarthaM zapatIti zabdo nayaH zabdapradhAnatvAdudAhRtaH / yastu vyavahAranayaH kAlAdibhedepyabhinnamarthamabhipraiti tamanUdya dUSayannAha vizvadRzvAsya janitA suunurityekmaadRtaaH| padArthaM kAlabhedepi vyavahArAnurodhataH // 69 // karoti kriyate puSyastAraka''poM'bha itypi| kArakavyaktisaMkhyAnAM bhedepi ca pare janAH // 70 // cAra arthanayoM kA vaNana kara aba zabdanaya kA varNana karate haiM - jo naya kAla, kAraka, liMga Adi ke bheda se artha ke bheda ko samajhA detA hai, vaha naya yahA~ zabda kI pradhAnatA se zabdanaya kaha diyA gayA hai| (arthAt - zabda ke vAcya arthapara dRSTi karAne kI apekSA yaha naya zabdanaya hai| pahile ke cAra nayoM kI dRSTi zabda ke vAcya artha kA lakSya rakhate hue nahIM hai, isalie ve artha naya haiN|)||68|| - bhUta, bhaviSyat, vartamAna, kAla yA karma, kartA, kAraNa Adi kAraka athavA strI, puruSa, napuMsakaliMga, tathA eka vacana, dvivacana, bahuvacana saMkhyA aura asmad, yuSmad, anya puruSa ke anusAra uttama, madhyama, prathamapuruSa saMjJAoM kA sAdhana evaM pra, parA, upa, sam Adi upasarga isa prakAra ina kAla Adi ke bhedoM se jo naya bhinna artha ko kahatA hai; isa prakAra zabda naya kA nirukti se artha labdha ho jAtA hai| zabda kI pradhAnatA se zabdanaya kahA gayA hai| aura isake pUrva meM jo vyavahAra naya kahA gayA hai, vaha to kAla Adi ke bheda hone para bhI abhinna artha ko samajhAye rakhatA hai| usa vyavahAra naya kA anuvAda kara zrI vidyAnanda svAmI usako dUSita karAte hue kathana karate haiM - jo sampUrNa jagat ko pahile dekha cukA hai, vaha vizvadRzvA kahA jAtA hai| janitA yaha 'janI prAdurbhAve' dhAtu ke luT lakAra kA bhaviSyakAla kA vyaMjaka rUpa hai| bhUtakAla sambandhI vizvadRzvA aura bhaviSyatkAla sambandhI janitA kA samAnAdhikaraNa hokara anvaya ho jAnA viruddha hai| kintu vyavahAra ke anusAra kAlabheda hone para bhI isa rAjA ke "vizva ko dekha cukA putra hogA" isa prakAra eka hI padArtha kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| bhAvArtha - vyavahAranaya vizvadRzvA aura janitA padoM kA sAmAnAdhikaraNya kara eka artha jor3a detA hai| isameM viziSTa camatkAra ke artha ko nikAlanA vyavahAra naya ko abhipreta nahIM hai, jo hI vizvaM dRkSyati kA artha hai, vahI vizvadRzvA kA artha ghaTita ho jAtA hai| . pRthak - pRthak kAloM kA vizeSaNa laga jAne se artha meM bheda nahIM ho jAtA hai tathA 'devadatta: kaTaM karoti' devadatta caTAI ko bunatA hai aura 'devadattena kaTaH kriyate' devadatta karake caTAI bunI jA rahI hai, yahA~ svataMtratA aura parAdhInatA kA bheda hote hue bhI vyavahAranaya ukta donoM vAkyoM kA eka hI artha mAnatA hai| kartA kAraka aura karmakAraka ke bheda se artha kA bheda nahIM hotA hai| tathA eka vyakti puSyanakSatra aura tArakA aneka vyakti, isa prakAra eka aneka yA pulliMga, strIliMga kA bheda hone para bhI dUsare manuSya yahA~ arthabheda nahIM
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 150 ehi manye rthenetyaadiksaadhnbhidypi| saMtiSThetAvatiSThatetyAdhupagrahabhedane // 71 // tanna zreyaH parIkSAyAmiti zabdaH prakAzayet / kAlAdibhedanepyarthAbhedanetiprasaMgataH // 72 // ye hi vaiyAkaraNavyavahAranayAnurodhena 'dhAtusaMbaMdhe pratyayA' iti sUtramArabhya vizvadRzvAsya putro janitA bhAvi kRtyamAsIdityatra kAlabhedepyekapadArthamAdRtA yo vizvaM dRkSyati sosya putro janiteti bhaviSyatkAlenAtItakAlasyAbhedobhimataH tathA vyavahAradarzanAditi / tanna zreyaH parIkSAyAM mUlakSate: kAlabhedepyarthasyAbhede'tiprasaMgAt raavnnshNkhckrvrtinorpytiitaanaagtkaalyorektvaaptteH| AsIdrAvaNo rAjA zaMkhacakravartI bhaviSyatIti zabdayorbhinnaviSayatvAnnaikArthateti cet, vizvadRzvA janitetyanayorapi mA bhUt tata ev| na hi vizvaM dRSTavAniti vizvadRzi tvetizabdasya yorcAtItakAlasya janiteti zabdasyAnAgatakAlaH / putrasya bhAvinotItatvavirodhAt / mAnate haiN| aise hI 'Apa' yaha zabda bahuvacana hai, strIliMga hai aura 'ambhaH' zabda eka vacana hai, napuMsakaliMga hai| ye donoM zabda pAnI ko kahate haiN| yahA~ bhI liMga aura saMkhyA ke bheda hone para bhI aneka manuSya vyavahAra naya ke anusAra arthabheda ko nahIM mAnate haiN| tathA "e bAlaka! idhara Ao" "tuma yaha samajhate hoMge ki maiM ratha para car3ha kara jAU~gA, kintu aba tuma samajho ki maiM nahIM jA sakU~gA, tumhArA pitA calA gayA (terA bApa bhI kabhI gayA thaa)|" aise upahAsa ke prakaraNa para madhyama puruSa ke sthAna para uttamapuruSa aura uttama puruSa ke sthAna para madhyama puruSa ho jAtA hai| madhyama puruSa 'manyase' ke sthAna para uttama puruSa manye' ho gayA hai aura yAsyAmi ke sthAna para yAsyasi ho gayA hai| yahA~ sAdhana kA bheda hone para bhI vyavahAra naya kI apekSA koI arthabheda nahIM mAnA gayA hai| vyAkaraNa meM yuSmat, asmat kA hI badalanA kahA hai, prathama puruSa kI bhI sambhavatA hai| tathA 'samavapravibhya:sthaH' isa sUtra se Atmanepada karane para saMtiSTheta, avatiSTheta, pratiSTheta yA saMharati, viharati, pariharati, Aharati yahA~ upasargeNa dhAtvartho balAdanyatra nIyate' isa niyama ko mAnane ke lie vyavahAra naya bAdhya nahIM honA cAhatA hai| kintu ye ukta prakAra unake mantavya parIkSA karane para zreSTha nahIM Thahara skeNge| isa prakAra zabdanaya prakAzita karatA hai| kyoMki kAla, kAraka Adi ke bheda hone para bhI yadi artha kA bheda nahIM mAnA jAyegA to atiprasaMga doSa aayegaa||69-72|| jo koI bhI paNDita vyAkaraNa zAstra jAnane vAloM ke vyavahAra kI nIti ke anurodha se yaha artha mAna baiThe haiM ki lakArArtha prakriyA ke 'dhAtusambandhe pratyayA:' dhAtu ke arthoM ke sambandha meM jisa kAla meM jo pratyaya pUrva sUtroM meM kahe gaye haiM, ve pratyaya una kAloM se anya kAloM meM bhI ho jAte haiM, isa sUtra kA Arambha kara vizva ko dekha cukane vAlA putra isake hogA yA honahAra jo karttavya hone vAlA thA vaha ho gayA, ina prayogoM meM kAla bheda hone para bhI artha kA bheda nahIM mAnA jAyegA to atiprasaMga doSa aayegaa| kyoMki aisA mAnane para atItakAla sambandhI rAvaNa aura bhaviSyakAla meM hone vAle zaMkha nAmaka cakravartI ke ekapanA siddha ho jaavegaa| arthAt rAvaNa aura cakravartI donoM eka vyakti ho jaayeNge| koI isa prasaMga kA isa prakAra nivAraNa karanA cAhatA hai ki rAvaNa rAjA pUrva kAla meM huA thA aura zaMkha nAmaka cakravartI bhaviSyakAla meM hogaa| isa prakAra do zabdoM kI bhinna-bhinna arthoM meM viSayatA hai, isa kAraNa donoM rAjA eka vyakti rUpa artha nahIM bana pAte haiN| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki aisA mAnoge to prakaraNa meM vizvadRzvA aura janitA ina do zabdoM ke bhI
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 151 atItakAlasyApyanAgatatvAdhyAropAdekArthatAbhipreteti cet, tarhi na paramArthataH kAlabhedepyabhinnArthavyavasthA / tathA karoti kriyate iti kArakayoH kartRkarmaNorbhedepyabhinnamarthata evAdriyate sa eva karoti kiMcit sa eva kriyate kenaciditi pratIteriti / tadapi na zreyaH parIkSAyAM / devadattaH kaTaM karotItyatrApi kartRkarmaNordevadattakaTayorabhedaprasaMgAt / tathA puSyastAraketyatra vyaktibhedepi tatkRtArthamekamAdriyaMte, liMgamaziSyaM lokAzrayatvAditi / tadapi na zreyaH, paTakuTItyatrApi paTakuTyorekatvaprasaMgAt tlliNgbhedaavishessaat| tathApoMbha ityatra saMkhyAbhedepyekamarthaM bhinna-bhinna artha ko viSaya kara dene se hI kyA eka arthapanA nahIM hogaa| kyoMki jo sabako dekha cukA hai aise isa vizvadRzvA zabda kA jo artha bhUtakAla sambandhI puruSa hotA hai, vaha bhaviSyakAla sambandhI utpanna hogA-isa janitA zabda kA artha nahIM hai| bhaviSya kAla meM hone vAle putra ko atIta kAla sambandhIpana kA virodha hai| yadi bhUtakAla meM bhaviSyakAla rUpa kA adhyAropa karane se donoM zabdoM kA eka artha abhISTa kara liyA jAtA hai, taba to kAla-bheda hone para bhI vAstavika rUpa se arthoM ke abheda kI vyavasthA nahIM ho sktii| arthAt zabdanaya dvArA hameM yaha samajhAnA hai ki 'vizvaM dRkSyati so'sya putro janitA' isake sarala artha se 'vizvadRzvAsya putro janitA' isakA artha bhinna hai, 'tuma par3hoge aura maiM tumako dekha lUMgA' isakI apekSA 'par3ha cuke hue tumako maiM dekhUgA' - isakA artha vilakSaNa pratIta ho rahA hai| ___isI prakAra ve vaiyAkaraNa jana 'karoti' - isa dazagaNI ke prayoga kI saMgati ko karane vAle kartAkAraka aura 'kiyA jAya' jo isa prakAra karma prakriyA ke pada kI saMgati rakhane vAle karmakAraka ina do kArakoM kA bheda hone para bhI abhinna artha kA AdarapUrvaka grahaNa kara rahe haiM, arthAt devadatta kisI artha ko kara rahA hai isakA jo artha hai aura devadatta ke dvArA kucha kiyA jAtA hai, isakA bhI vahI artha hai aisI pratIti ho rahI hai| isa prakAra vaiyAkaraNoM ke kahane para AcArya kahate haiM ki parIkSA karane para vaha bhI zreSTha nahIM ThaharatA hai| kyoMki kartA aura karma ke abheda mAnane para to devadatta caTAI ko racatA hai| isa sthala meM bhI kartA devadatta aura karma bana rahe caTAI ke abheda ho jAne kA prasaMga A jaayegaa| ata: svAtaMtrya yA parataMtratA ko puSTa karate hue yahA~ bhinna-bhinna artha kA mAnanA Avazyaka hai| usI prakAra ve vaiyAkaraNa puSyanakSatra tArA hai, yahA~ vyaktiyA~ yA liMga ke bheda hone para bhI unake dvArA kiye gaye eka hI artha kA Adara kara rahe haiN| puSya zabda puliMga hai, aura tArakA zabda strIliMga hai| phira bhI donoM kA artha eka hai| una vyAkaraNavettAoM kA anubhava hai ki liMga kA vivecana karAnA zikSA dene yogya nahIM hai| kisI zabda ke liMga ko niyata karanA loka ke Azraya hai| loka meM agni zabda strIliMga kahA jAtA hai| kintu zAstra meM puliMga hai| eka hI strI ko kahane vAlA dArA, strI, kalatra zabda bhinna-bhinna liMga ke dhAraka haiN| Ayudha vizeSa ko kahane vAlA zakti zabda strIliMga hai| astra zabda napuMsakaliMga hai| aba AcArya kahate haiM ki vaha vaiyAkaraNa kA kathana bhI zreSTha nahIM hai, kyoMki vyakti yA liMga kA bheda hone para bhI yadi artha meM bheda nahIM mAnA jAyegA to pulliMga paTa aura strIliMga jhoMpar3I yahA~ bhI paTa aura kuTI ke eka ho jAne kA prasaMga aayegaa| kyoMki una zabdoM ke liMga kA bheda to antararahita hai, yAnI jaisA puSya aura tArakA meM liMga kA bheda hai, vaisA hI paTa aura kuTI meM liMga kA bheda hai| phira inakA eka artha kyoM nahIM mAna liyA jaave|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 152 jalAkhyamAdRtAH saMkhyAbhedasyodbhedakatvAt gurvaadivditi| tadapi na zreyaH priikssaayaaN| ghaTastaMtava ityatrApi tathAbhAvAnuSaMgAt saMkhyAbhedAvizeSAt / ehi manye rathena yAsyasi na hi yAsyasi sa yAtaste pitA iti sAdhanabhedepi padArthamabhinnamAdRtAH "prahAse manyavAci yuSmanmanyaterasmadekavacca" iti vacanAt / tadapi na zreyaH parIkSAyAM, ahaM pacAmi tvaM pacasItyatrApi asmdyussmtsaadhnaabhedepyekaarthtvprsNgaat| tathA "saMtiSThate avatiSThata' ityatropasargabhedepyabhinnamarthamAdRtA upasargasya dhaatvrthmaatrdyotktvaaditi| tadapi na shreyH| tiSThati pratiSThata usI prakAra ve vaiyAkaraNa 'ApaH' isa strIliMga bahuvacana zabda aura 'ambhaH' isa napuMsakaliMga eka vacana zabda yahA~ saMkhyA bheda hone para eka 'jala' nAmaka artha ko svIkAra kara lete haiN| unake yahA~ saMkhyA kA bheda artha kA bhedaka nahIM mAnA gayA hai, jaise ki guru, sAdhana Adi meM saMkhyA kA bheda hone para arthabheda nahIM hai| arthAt - 'loSTheSTikA pASANaH guruH' 'mRtikAdaNDakulAlA: ghaTa sAdhanaM' 'annaprANA:' 'guravaH santi' yahA~ saMkhyAbheda hone para bhI arthabheda nahIM hai| eka guru vyakti ko yA rAjA ko bahuvacana se kahA jAtA hai| isa para AcArya kahate haiM ki una vaiyAkaraNoM kA kathana bhI parIkSA kI kasauTI para zreSTha nahIM utaratA hai| kyoMki eka ghaTa aura aneka tantuyeM yahA~ bhI saMkhyA ke bheda se ekapana ho jAne kA prasaMga hogA, kyoMki saMkhyA bheda 'Apa:' aura 'jala' ke samAna ghaTa aura tantuoM meM ekasA hai| yahA~ vahA~ koI vizeSatA nahIM hai| kintu eka ghaTa aura aneka tantuoM kA eka artha kisI ne bhI nahIM svIkAra kiyA hai| ataH zabdanaya saMkhyA kA bheda hone para arthabheda ko vyaktarUpa se batA rahA hai| he! idhara Ao, tuma mana meM mAna rahe hoMge ki maiM uttama ratha dvArA videza jAU~gA kintu tuma nahIM jAoge, tumhArA pitA bhI gayA thA? __isa prakAra yahA~ sAdhana kA bheda hone para bhI ve vyavahArI jana eka hI padArtha ko abhinna svIkAra karate haiN| aisA vyAkaraNa meM sUtra kahA hai ki jahA~ ha~sI karanA samajhAjAe vahA~ 'manya' dhAtu ke prakRtibhUta hone para dUsarI dhAtuoM ke uttama puruSa ke badale madhyama puruSa ho jAtA hai| aura manyati dhAtu ko uttama puruSa hojAtA hai, jo ki eka artha kA vAcaka hai| kintu vaha bhI unakA kathana parIkSA karane para atyuttama nahIM ghaTita hotA hai| kyoMki, isa prakAra maiM pakA rahA hU~, tU pacAtA hai ityAdi sthaloM meM bhI asmad aura yuSmat sAdhana ke abheda hone para bhI eka arthapane kA prasaMga aayegaa| __usI prakAra saMsthAna karatA hai, avasthAna karatA hai ityAdi prayogoM meM upasarga ke bheda hone para bhI abhinna artha ko mAnate haiN| vaiyAkaraNoM kI manISA hai ki dhAtu ke kevala artha kA hI dyotana karane vAle upasarga hote haiN| kriyA artha kI vAcaka dhAtue~ haiM, usI artha kA upasarga dyotana kara dete haiN| upasarga kisI navIna artha ke vAcaka nahIM haiN| isa prakAra unakA kahanA bhI prazaMsanIya nahIM hai kyoMki isa prakAra mAnane para ThaharatA hai, prasthAna karatA hai, ina prayogoM meM bhI sthitikriyA aura gamanakriyA ke abheda ho jAne kA prasaMga aayegaa| ataH yaha siddhAMta karanA cAhie ki kAla, kAraka, saMkhyA Adi ke bheda ho jAne se zabdoM kA artha bhinna hI ho jAtA
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 153 ityatrApi sthitigtikriyyorbhedprsNgaat| tataH kAlAdibhedAdbhinna evArtho'nyathAtiprasaMgAditi zabdanayaH prakAzayati tadbhedepyAbhede dUSaNAMtaraM ca darzayati tathA kAlAdinAnAtvakalpanaM niHprayojanam / siddhaM kAlAdinaikena kAryasyeSTasya tttvtH|73| kAlAdibhedAdarthasya bhedostviti hi tatparikalpanaM prayojanavannAnyathA sa ca nAstIti niHprayojanameva tt| kiM ca kAlAdyanyatamasyaiva kalpanaM tairvidhIyatAM / yeSAM kAlAdibhedepi padArthaikatvanizcayaH // 74 / / hai| anyathA yAnI aisA nahIM mAnakara dUsare prakAra se mAnoge to atiprasaMga doSa aayegaa| arthAt - paNDitamanya, paNDitamanya yA devAnAMpriya, devapriya, Adi meM bhI bheda nahIM ho skegaa| kintu aise sthaloM para bhinna-bhinna artha haiN| isa bAta ko zabdanaya prakAzita kara detA hai, yaha samajhanA caahie| ___usa zabda ke bheda hone para bhI yadi artha kA bheda nahIM mAnA jAyegA to anya bhI aneka dUSaNa Ate haiN| isa rahasya ko zrI vidyAnanda AcArya dikhalAte haiN| yadi zabda naya kI apekSA se liMga Adi se bheda nahIM mAnoge to lakAroM meM yA kRdanta meM athavA laukika vAkya prayogoM meM kAla, saMkhyA Adi ke nAnApana kI kalpanA karanA niHprayojana siddha hogaa| eka hI kAla yA eka hI upasarga Adi ke dvArA vAstavika rUpa se abhISTa kArya kI siddhi ho jAyegI // 73 // kyoMki kAla, kAraka, liMga Adi ke bheda se yadi artha kA bheda hai, taba to una kAla Adi kI kalpanA karanA prayojana sahita ho sakegA, anyathA nhiiN| kintu vyavahAra naya kA avalambana karane vAle ke yahA~ vaha arthabheda to nahIM mAnA gayA hai| ata: vaha kAla Adi ke nAnApana kI kalpanA karanA prayojana rahita hI hai. dasarI bAta eka yaha bhI hai - jina vaiyAkaraNoM ke yahA~ kAla, kAraka Adi ke bheda hone para bhI padArtha ke ekapane kA nirNaya hotA hai, parvate vasati', 'parvatamadhivasati' - ina donoM kA artha eka hI hai| dAra aura abalA kA eka hI artha hai; una vyavahAriyoM ke aneka kAla, kAraka, liMga Adi meM se kisI eka hI kAla kI yA kAraka Adi kI kalpanA kara lenI caahie| bhAvArtha - tIna kAla, chaha kAraka, tIna liMga, pra parA, Adi aneka upasarga kyoM mAne jA rahe haiM? zabdakRta aura arthakRta gaurava kyoM lAdA jA rahA hai? ataH zabdazakti ke anusAra parizeSa meM unako arthabheda mAnanA Avazyaka hogaa| parvata ke Upara sAmAnya pathika ke samAna nivAsa karane para parvata meM nivAsa kahA jAtA hai aura parvata ke Upara adhikAra kara parvata kA AkramaNa karate hue vIratApUrvaka jo parvata ke Upara nivAsa kiyA jAtA hai, vahA~ 'upAnvadhyAG vasaH' isa sUtra se AdhAra kI karma saMjJA hokara dvitIyA ho jAtI hai| vinIta, nirbala, sukumAra strI ke lie abalA zabda AtA hai| tathA puruSArtha rakhane vAlI aura avasara para duSToM ko hathakhaMDe lagAne vAlI strI ke lie dAra zabda prayukta kiyA jAtA hai| ataH liMga bheda, kAraka bheda, upasarga Adi kA bheda vyartha nahIM hai||74||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 154 kAlabhedepyabhinnArthaH / kAlakArakaliMgasaMkhyAsAdhanabhedebhyo bhinno'rtho na bhavatIti svaruciprakAzanamAtraM / kAlAdibhedAdbhinnorthaH ityatropapattimAvedayati zabdaH kaalaadibhirbhinnaabhinnaarthprtipaadkH| kAlAdibhinnazabdatvAttAdRksiddhAnyazabdavat75 sarvasya kAlAdibhinnazabdasyAbhinnArthapratipAdakatvenAbhimatasya vivAdAdhyAsitatvena pakSIkaraNAtra kenciddhe-torvybhicaarH| pramANabAdhita: pakSaH iti cenna, kAlAdibhinnazabdasyAbhinnArthatvagrAhiNaH pramANasya bhinnArthagrAhiNA pramANena baadhittvaat|| samabhirUDhamidAnI vyAcaSTeparyAyazabdabhedena bhinnArthasyAdhirohaNAt / nayaH samabhirUDhaH syAt pUrvavaccAsya nizzayaH // 76 // vizvadRzvA sarvadRzveti paryAyabhedepi zabdo'bhinnArthamabhipreti bhavitA bhaviSyatIti ca kaalbhedaabhimnnaat| kriyate vidhIyate karoti vidadhAti puSyastiSyaH tArakoDuH Apo vA: aMbhaH salilamityAdiparyAyabhedepi. kAla ke bheda hone para bhI artha abhinna hI hai, kAla, kAraka, liMga, saMkhyA sAdhana ke bheda ho jAne bhinna nahIM ho pAtA hai| isa prakAra vaiyAkaraNoM kA kathana apanI manamAnI ruci kA prakAzana karanA hai| vastuta: vicArA jAe to kAla Adi ke bheda se artha meM bheda ho jAtA hai| isa viSaya meM granthakAra yukti kA svayaM nivedana karate haiN| zabda (pakSa) kAla, kAraka Adi ko karake bhinna-bhinna artha kA pratipAdana kara rahA hai| kyoMki, ve kAla, upasarga Adi ke sambandha se racita bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke zabda haiM, jaise usa prakAra ke siddha anya ghaTa, paTa, indra, pustaka Adi zabda bhinna-bhinna arthoM ke pratipAdaka haiN||75|| vaiyAkaraNoM ne kAla, kAraka, Adi se bhinna jina zabdoM ko abhinna artha kA pratipAdaka abhISTa kara rakhA hai, usa vivAda meM prApta ho rahe sabhI zabdoM ko yahA~ anumAna prayoga meM pakSa koTi meM kara liyA gayA hai| ata: kisI bhI zabda meM hamAre hetu kA vyabhicAra doSa nahIM ho pAtA hai| saccA pratijJArUpI pakSa to pratyakSa yA anumAna pramANoM se bAdhita hai| kyoMki kAla Adi ke yoga se bhinna zabda ke abhinna arthapane ko grahaNa karane vAle pramANa (jJAna) ko unake bhinna-bhinna arthako grahaNa karane vAle pramANa karake bAdhA prApta ho jAtI hai| zabda naya kA vistAra ke sAtha varNana kara zrI vidyAnanda svAmI aba kramaprApta samabhirUr3ha naya kA vyAkhyAna karate haiM - paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke bheda se bhinna-bhinA artha kA adhiroha ho jAne se yaha naya samabhirUr3ha ho jAtA hai| pUrva ke samAna isakA nizcaya kara lenA caahie| arthAt vyavahAra naya kI apekSA zabda naya dvArA gRhIta artha meM jaise bhinna arthapanA siddha kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra zabda naya se samabhirUr3ha naya ke bhinna hone kA vicAra kara lenA cAhie // 76 / / vizva ko dekha cukA, sabako dekha cukA Adi paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke bheda hone para bhI zabda naya inake artha ko abhinna mAna rahA hai| bhavitA (luT) aura bhaviSyati (luT) isa prakAra paryAyabheda hone para bhI kAla
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 155 cAbhinnamarthaM zabdo manyate kaarkaadibhedaadevaarthbhedaabhimnnaat| samabhirUDhaH puna: paryAyabhedepi bhinnArthAnabhipraiti / / kathaM? indraH purandaraH zakra ityAdyA bhinnagocarAH / zabdA vibhinnazabdatvAdvAjivAraNazabdavat // 77 // nanu cAtra bhinnArthatve sAdhye vibhinnazabdatvahetoranyathAnupapattirasiddheti na maMtavyaM, sAdhyanivRttI sAdhananivRtteratra bhaavaat| bhinnArthatvaM hi vyApakaM vAjivAraNazabdayorvibhinnayorasti gozabde vAbhinnepi tadasti kA bheda nahIM hone se zabdanaya donoM kA eka hI artha mAnatA hai| tathA kiyA jAtA hai, vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai ina donoM kA artha eka hai, zabdanaya kI apekSA to karatA hai, aura vidhAna karatA hai donoM kA artha eka hI hai| pulliMga puSya aura tiSya kA eka hI puSya nakSatra artha hai| strIliMga tArakA aura uDu kA sAmAnya nakSatra artha abhinna hai| strIliMga ap aura vAra zabda kA eka hI jala artha hai| napuMsakaliMga ambhas aura salila zabdoM kA vahI pAnI eka artha hai| - ityAdi paryAyoM ke bheda hone para bhI zabdanaya to abhinna arthoM ko mAna rahA hai kyoMki zabda naya kAraka Adi ke bheda hone para hI arthabheda ko svIkAra karatA hai, parantu yaha samabhirUr3ha naya paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA bheda hone para bhI bhinna-bhinna arthoM ko cAhatA hai| arthAt vizvadRzvA kA artha pRthak hai aura sarvadRzvA kA artha pRthak hai; sarva kahane se kucha bhI zeSa nahIM rahatA hai| tathA karoti aura vidadhAti kA artha alaga hai| asAdhAraNa kArya ko karane meM 'vidadhAti' AtA hai aura sAdhAraNa kArya ke karane meM kroti| ambhas aura salila kA artha bhI bhinna-bhinna jala hai| ye saba kaise bhinna haiM? isa bAta ko svayaM granthakAra vArtika dvArA pratipAdana karate haiN| ___ saudharma indra ke vAcaka indra, purandara, zakra, zacIpati, sahasrAkSa ityAdi zabda (pakSa) bhinna-bhinna artha ko viSaya karate haiN| (sAdhya) vividha prakAra ke bhinna zabda hone se (hetu) jaise ki pakSI yA ghor3e ko kahane vAlA 'vAji' zabda aura hAthI ko kahane vAlA nyArA 'vAraNa' zabda bhinna-bhinna arthoM ko kaha rahA hai (anvydRssttaant)| arthAt - zabdabheda hai, to arthabheda avazya honA caahie| paryAyavAcI zabda pRthakpRthak arthoM meM ArUr3ha haiM; aneka prakAra kI Rddhi, sampatti, vibhUti, devAMganAyeM Adi kA utkaTa aizvarya hone se yaha saudharma nAma kA jIva indra kahalAtA hai| tathA paurANika mata anusAra kisI nagarI kA vidAraNa karane se vahI jIva purandara kahA jAtA hai| tathA jambUdvIpa ko ulaTane kI zakti dhAraNa karane se vahI jIva 'zaka' kahA jAtA hai aura indrANI kA svAmI hone se zacIpati kahA gayA hai||77|| .. zaMkA - isa anumAna prayoga meM bhinna-bhinna arthapane ko sAdhya karane para vibhinna zabdapana hetu kI apane sAdhya ke sAtha anyathAnupapatti asiddha hai yAnI sAdhya ke nahIM rahane para hetu ke nahIM rahane rUpa vyApti nahIM hai| samAdhAna - AcArya kahate haiM ki aisA nahIM mAnanA caahie| kyoMki sAdhya kI nivRtti hone para sAdhana kI nivRtti ho jAne kA yahA~ sadbhAva hai| vizeSa-svarUpa se bhinna vAji (ghor3A) aura vAraNa (hAthI) zabdoM meM vyApaka bhinna-bhinna arthapanA sAdhya hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 156 vibhinnazabdatvaM tadvyApyaM sAdhanaM vibhinnArtha eva sAdhyasti nobhinnArthatve, tatonyathAnupapattirastyeva hetoH|| saMpratyevaMbhUtaM nayaM vyAcaSTetakriyApariNAmorthastathaiveti vinishcyaat| evaMbhUtena nIyeta kriyAMtaraparAGmukhaH // 78 // . samabhirUDho hi zakanakriyAyAM satyAmasatyAM ca devarAjArthasya zakravyapadezamabhipreti, pazorgamanakriyAyAM satyAmasatyAM ca govyapadezavattathArUDheH sdbhaavaat| evaMbhUtastu zakanakriyApariNatamevArthaM tatkriyAkAle zakramabhipraiti naanydaa|| kuta ityAha athavA sadRza svarUpa karake bhinna ho rahe gyAraha go zabdoM meM bhI vaha vANI Adi bhinna arthapanA sAdhya vidyamAna hai| ata: vaha sAdhya kA vyApya vibhinna zabdapanA hetu vibhinna artha rUpa sAdhya ke hone para hI Thahara sakatA hai| abhinna arthapanA hone para nahIM Thahara sakatA hai| usa hetu kI anyathAnupapatti hai hI, samIcIna vyApti ko rakhane vAlA hetu avazya sAdhya ko sAdha detA hai| bhAvArtha - nAnA arthoM kA ullaMghana kara eka artha kI abhimukhatA se rUr3hi karAne vAlA hone ke kAraNa bhI yaha naya samabhirUr3ha kahA jAtA hai| gau yaha zabda vacana, dizA, jala, pazu, bhUmi, roma, vajra, AkAza, bANa, kiraNa, dRSTi-ina gyAraha arthoM meM rahatA hai| jitane zabda hote haiM, utane artha hote haiN| isI prakAra dUsarA upaniyama yoM bhI hai ki jitane artha hote haiM, utane zabda bhI hote haiN| gyAraha arthoM ko kahane vAle go zabda bhI gyAraha haiN| gakArake uttaravartI okAra isa prakAra samAna varNoM kI anupUrvI hone ke kAraNa eka ke sadRza zabdoM ko vyavahAra meM eka kaha diyA gayA hai| ataH aneka go zabdoM dvArA hI aneka vANI Adi arthoM kI jJapti hotI hai| isa naya kA artha kI ora lakSya jAne para apane - apane svarUpoM meM sampUrNa padArthoM kA ArUr3ha rahanA bhI samabhirUr3ha naya dvArA grahaNa kara liyA jAtA hai| ___ aba, zrI vidyAnanda AcArya sAtaveM evaMbhUta naya kA vyAkhyAna karate haiN| evaMbhUta naya ke dvArA usI kriyA rUpa pariNAma ke dhAraka artha kA usI prakAra vizeSa rUpa se nizcaya kara liyA jAtA hai| ata: yaha naya anya kriyAoM meM pariNata usa artha ko jAnane ke lie abhimukha nahIM hotA hai| arthAt jisa samaya jo kArya kara rahA hai, usI samaya vaha usa kArya kA kartA kahA jAtA hai| jisa dhAtu se jo zabda banA hai, usa dhAtu ke artha anusAra kriyArUpa pariNamate kSaNa meM hI vaha zabda kahA jA sakatA hai| evaMbhUta naya anya kriyArUpa pariNamita artha se parAGmukha rahatA hai||78|| ___ samabhirUr3hanaya to jambUdvIpa ke parivartana kI sAmarthya dhAraNarUpa kriyA ke hone para athavA nahIM hone para devoM ke rAjA indra rUpa artha kA zakra isa zabda karake vyavahAra karane kA abhiprAya rakhatA hai| jaise ki gAya rUpa pazu kI gamana kriyA ke hone para athava gamana kriyA ke nahIM hone para baiThI avasthA meM bhI gau kA vyavahAra ho jAtA hai, kyoMka usa prakAra rUDhi kA sadbhAva hai arthAt dUsare IzAna, sanatkumAra Adi indra yA ahamindra bhI jambUdvIpa ke palaTane kI zakti rakhate haiM, phira bhI zakra zabda saudharma indra meM rUr3ha hai| isa nirukti se gauH zabda bhI baiThI huI, calatI huI, sotI huI Adi sabhI avasthAoM ke dhAraka baila meM rUr3ha hai| govalIvarda
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 157 yo yaM kriyArthamAcaSTe nAsAvanyatkriyaM dhvniH| paThatItyAdizabdAnAM pAThAdyarthatvasaMjanAt // 79 // na hi kazcidakriyA zabdosyAsti gaurazva iti jAtizabdAbhimatAnAmapi kriyAzabdatvAt AzugAmyazva iti, zuklo nIla iti guNazabdAbhimatA api kriyAzabdA eva / zucibhavanAcchukla: nIlAnAnnIla iti devadatta iti yadRcchAbhiH zabdAbhimatA: api kriyAzabdA eva deva eva deyAditi devadatta: yajJadatta iti / saMyogidravyazabdAH samavAyidravyazabdAbhimatAH kriyAzabdA eva / daMDosyAstIti daMDI, viSANamasyAstIti viSANItyAdi paMcatayI tu zabdAnAM pravRttiH vyavahAramAtrAnna nizcayAdityayaM mnyte|| nyAya se strIliMga, pulliMga aura napuMsakaliMga tInoM jAti ke gau pakar3e jAte haiN| kintu evaMbhUta naya to usa prakAra kI sAmarthya rakhane kI kriyA karane rUpa pariNati ko prApta artha ko hI usa kriyA ke avasara meM zakra' kahane kA abhiprAya rakhatA hai| pUjA karate samaya, abhiSeka karate samaya Adi anya kAloM meM 'zakra' isa nAmakathana kA abhiprAya nahIM rakhatA hai| kisa kAraNa se yaha vyavasthA hai? aisI jijJAsA hone para AcArya kahate haiM - jo vAcaka zabda kriyA ke jisa artha ko vyakta kara rahA hai, vaha zabda anya kriyA ke artha ko nahIM kaha sktaa| anyathA par3ha rahA hai, khA rahA hai ityAdi zabdoM ko par3hanA, pacAnA Adi artha ke vAcakapana kA prasaMga aayegaa| arthAt - jo chAtra par3ha rahA hai, vaha usI samaya par3hAne vAlA adhyApaka nahIM hai| dhAnya paka rahA hai, agni yA Atapa pakA rahA hai| vAcya kriyA meM pariNata artha evaMbhUta naya dvArA kahA jAtA hai|||79|| jagat meM aisA koI bhI zabda nahIM hai jo ki kriyA kA vAcaka nahIM ho| go, azva Adi zabda jAti ko kahane vAle svIkAra kara liye gaye haiN| ve bhI kriyAzabda hI haiN| (kriyArUpa arthoM ko hI kaha rahe haiN|) zIghra gamana karane vAlA azva kahA jAtA hai aza bhojane' dhAtu se azva zabda banAne para khAne vAlA kahA jAtA hai| gamana karane vAlA padArtha gau kahA jAtA hai| jo zukla, nIla, rasa Adi zabda guNavAcaka svIkAra kiye gaye haiM ve bhI kriyAzabda hI haiN| 'zuci honA yAnI pavitra ho jAnA kriyA se zukla hai|' nIla raMgane rUpa kriyA se nIla hai| rasA jAya yAnI cakhanA rUpa kriyA se rasa mAnA gayA hai| isI prakAra yadRcchA zabdoM ke dvArA svIkAra kiye gaye devadatta, yajJadatta ityAdi zabda bhI kriyAzabda hI haiN| laukika jana kI icchA ke anusAra bAlaka, pazu Adi ke jo manacAhe nAma rakha liye jAte haiM, ve devadatta Adi yadRcchAzabda haiN| deva hI jisako deve vaha puruSa isa kriyA artha kA dhAraka devadatta hai| yajJa meM jisa bAlaka ko diyA jA cukA hai, yoM vaha yajJadatta hai| isa prakAra yahA~ bhI yathAyogya kriyAzabdapanA ghaTita ho jAtA hai| bhramaNa, syandana, gamana, dhAvati, Agacchati, pacana Adi kriyAzabda to kriyA vAcaka haiM hii| saMyoga sambandha se daMDa jisake pAsa hai, vaha daMDI puruSa hai| isa prakAra kI kriyA ko kahane vAlA saMyoga dravyazabda bhI kriyAzabda hI hai| tathA samavAya sambandha se sIMga rUpa avayava jisa avayavI baila yA mahiSa ke haiM, vaha viSANI hai| ityAdi prakAra mAna liye gaye samavAyI
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 158 evamete zabdasamabhirUdvaivaMbhUtanayA: sApekSAH samyak, parasparamanapekSAstu mithyeti pratipAdayatietenyonyamapekSAyAM saMtaH zabdAdayo nyaaH| nirapekSAH punaste syustadAbhAsAvirodhataH // 8 // ke punaratra saptasu nayeSvarthapradhAnA: ke ca zabdapradhAnAH nayA:? ityAha- . . tatrarjusUtraparyaMtAzcatvArorthanayA mtaaH| trayaH zabdanayA: zeSAH zabdavAcyArthagocarAH // 81 // dravyazabda bhI kriyAzabda hI haiN| sabhI zabdoM meM kriyAzabdapanA ghaTa jAtA hai| jAtizabda, guNazabda, kriyAzabda evaM saMyogIzabda, samavAyIzabda yA yadRcchA zabda aura sambandha vAcakazabda isa prakAra prasiddha ho rahe zabdoM kI pA~ca prakAra kI pravRtti to kevala vyavahAra se hI hai, nizcaya se nahIM hai, isa siddhAnta ko yaha evambhUta naya mAnatA hai| isa prakAra ye zabda, samabhirUr3ha, evaMbhUta, tIna naya yadi apekSAoM se sahita haiM, taba to samIcIna naya haiM aura paraspara meM apekSA nahIM rakhate hae kevala ekAnta se apane viSaya kA Agraha karane vAle to ye tInoM mithyA haiM, kunaya haiM arthAt 'nirapekSAH nayA: mithyA sApekSA vastute'rthakRt '. (shriismntbhdraacaaryH)| pratipakSI dharma kA nirAkaraNa karane vAle kunaya haiM aura pratipakSI dharmoM kI apekSA rakhane vAle sunaya haiN| pramANoM se una dharmoM kI aura anya dharma yA dharmoM kI bhI pratipatti ho jAtI hai| tathA naya se anya dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa nahIM karate hue usI dharma kI pratipatti hotI hai| tathA durnaya se to anya dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa karate hue eka hI dharma kA Agraha kiyA jAtA hai| isa bAta kA svayaM granthakAra zrI vidyAnanda svAmI pratipAdana karate haiN| ye zabda Adi tIna naya paraspara meM svakIya-svakIya viSayoM kI athavA anya dharmoM kI apekSA rakha para to samIcIna naya haiN| kintu paraspara apekSA nahIM rakhane vAle tInoM AbhAsa haiN| arthAt zabdanaya yadi samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta ke neya dharmoM kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA hai, to yaha zabdAbhAsa hai| tathA samabhirUr3ha naya yadi zabda aura evaMbhUta ke viSaya kA nirAkaraNa kara kevala apanA hI adhikAra jamAnA cAhatA hai, to vaha samabhirUr3hAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra evaMbhUta bhI zabda aura samabhirUr3ha ke viSaya kA tiraskAra karatA huA evaMbhUtAbhAsa hai| kyoMki aisA karane se virodha doSa AtA hai| ata: paraspara sApekSa naya samIcIna hai||80|| ina sAtoM nayoM meM kauna se naya artha kI pradhAnatA se vyavahAra karane yogya haiM? aura kaunase naya zabda kI pradhAnatA se pravRtta hote haiM? isa prakAra jijJAsA hone para zrI vidyAnanda svAmI kahate haiM - una sAta nayoM meM naigama se prArambha kara RjusUtra paryanta cAra to arthanaya mAne gaye haiN| arthAt naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra ye cAra artha naya haiN| zeSa bace hue naya vAcaka zabda dvArA kahe gaye artha ko viSaya karane vAle zabda, samabhirUr3ha, evaMbhUta-ye tIna zabdanaya haiN| ina tInoM kI zabda ke vAcya artha meM vizeSa rUpa se tatparatA rahatI hai aura pahale cAra nayoM kA artha meM vizeSa lakSya rahatA hai||81||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika *159 kaH punaratra bahuviSayaH kazcAlpaviSayo naya ityAhapUrva:pUrvo nayo bhUmaviSaya: kaarnnaatmkH| paraH paraH punaH sUkSmagocaro hetumAniha / / 82 // tatra naigamasaMgrahayostAvanna saMgraho bahuviSayo naigmaatprH| kiM tarhi, naigama eva saMgrahAtpUrvaM ityAhasanmAtraviSayatvena saMgrahasya na yujyte| mahAviSayatAbhAvAbhAvArthAnnaigamAnayAt // 83 // yathA hi sati saMkalpastathaivAsati vedyte| tatra pravartamAnasya naigamasya mahArthatA // 84 // saMgrahAdvyavahAro bahuviSaya iti viparyayamapAkarotisaMgrahAdvyavahAropi sdvishssaavbodhkH| na bhUmaviSayozeSasatsamUhopadarzinaH // 85 // punaH ina sAta nayoM meM kaunasA naya bahuta jJeya ko viSaya karatA hai? aura kaunasA naya alpa jJeya ko viSaya karatA hai? sAtha meM kauna naya kArya hai ? aura kaunasA naya kAraNa hai? yaha prazna bhI chipA huA hai| isake uttara meM AcArya mahArAja vArtika kahate haiM - - yahA~ pahile - pahile kahA gayA naya to bahuta padArthoM ko viSaya karane vAlA hai aura kAraNa svarUpa hai| kintu phira pIche-pIche kahA gayA naya alpa padArthoM ko viSaya karatA hai aura kAryasvarUpa hai| yahA~ laukika kAryakAraNa bhAva vivakSita hai| zAstrIya kArya kAraNa bhAva to avyavahita pUrvavartI vyApAra vAle aura usake upakAra ko jhelane vAle avyavahita uttaravartI padArthoM meM sambhava hai||82|| 1. sabase pahile una nayoM meM yaha vicAra hai ki naigama va saMgraha, do nayoM meM bAda meM kahA gayA saMgrahanaya to pUrvavartI naigama se adhika viSayavAlA nahIM hai, to kyA hai? isakA uttara yahI hai ki naigamanaya hI saMgrahanaya se pUrva meM kahA gayA adhika padArthoM ko viSaya karatA hai| isa bAta ko svayaM granthakAra kahate haiM - ___ sadbhUta padArtha aura asadbhUta (abhAva) padArtha donoM saMkalpita arthoM ko viSaya karanevAle naigama naya se kevala sadbhUta padArthoM ko viSaya karane vAlA hone se saMgraha naya kI adhika viSayajJatA ucita nahIM hai| bhAvArtha - saMkalpa to vidyamAna athavA bhUta bhaviSyat kAla meM hue, hone vAle, yA kadAcit nahIM bhI hone vAle avidyamAna padArthoM meM bhI ho sakatA hai kintu saMgrahanaya kevala sadbhUta padArthoM ko hI jAnatA hai, asadbhUta arthoM ko nahIM chUtA hai| ata: naigama se saMgraha kA viSaya alpa hai| kyoMki, jisa prakAra sat padArthoM meM saMkalpa hotA hai, usI prakAra asat padArthoM meM bhI hotA hai| ata: usa asat artha meM pravRtti karane vAle naigamanaya kI mahAviSayajJatA hai||83-84 // saMgraha naya se vyavahAra naya adhika viSaya vAlA hai, isa viparyayajJAna kA granthakAra nirAkaraNa karate ___ saMgraha naya se vyavahAra naya bhI alpaviSaya vAlA hai| kyoMki pUrvavartI saMgrahanaya to sabhI sat padArthoM ko viSayaM karatA hai aura yaha vyavahAranaya sat padArthoM ke viSayabhuta alpapadArthoM kA jJApaka hai| ataH sampUrNa sat padArthoM ke samudAya ko dikhalAne vAle saMgraha naya se vyavahAranaya adhika viSayagrAhI nahIM hai||85||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 160 vyavahArAdRjusUtro bahuviSaya iti viparyAsaM nirasyatinarjusUtraH prabhUtArtho vrtmaanaarthgocrH| kAlatritayavRttyarthagocarAdvyavahArataH // 86 // RjusUtrAcchabdo bahuviSaya ityaashNkaampsaarytikaalaadibhedtopyrthmbhinnmupgcchtH| na sUtrAnmahArthotra zabdastadviparItavat / / 87 // . zabdAtsamabhirUDho mahAviSaya ityArekA hNtishbdaatpryaaybhedenaabhinnmrthmbhiipsinH| na syAtsamabhirUDhopi mhaarthstdvipryyH||8|| samabhirUDhAdevaMbhUto bhUmaviSaya iti cAkUtamapAsyatikriyAbhedepi caabhinnmrthmbhyupgcchtH| naivaMbhUtaH prabhUtArtho nayaH samabhirUDhataH // 89 // vyavahAranaya kI apekSA RjusUtranaya bahuta padArthoM ko viSaya karatA hai, isa prakAra ke viparyaya jJAna kA AcArya nirAkaraNa karate haiN| bhUta, bhaviSyat, vartamAna tInoM kAla meM sthita arthoM ko viSaya karane vAle vyavahAranaya kI apekSA kevala vartamAna kAla ke arthoM ko viSayaM karane vAlA RjusUtra naya to bahu viSayajJa nahIM hai| arthAt vyavahAra naya tInoM kAla ke padArthoM ko viSaya karatA hai aura RjusUtra naya kevala vartamAna kAla kI paryAya ko hI viSaya karatA hai| ataH alpa viSayajJa hai aura vyavahAra kA kArya hai|86|| RjusUtra naya se zabdanaya kA viSaya bahuta hai| zrI vidyAnanda svAmI isa AzaMkA kA nivAraNa karate haiN| kAla, kAraka Adi kA bheda hone para bhI abhinna hI artha ko abhipreta karane vAle RjusUtra naya se zabdanaya viparIta yAnI kAlAdi ke bheda se bhinna arthoM ko jAnatA hai| arthAt RjusUtra naya to kAla Adi se bhinna aneka arthoM ko abhinna rUpa se jAnatA hai| aura zabda naya kAla Adi se bhinna eka - eka artha ko hI jAna pAtA hai||87|| zabda se samabhirUr3ha naya, atyadhika viSayoM ko jAnatA hai| isa prakAra kI AzaMkA kA zrI vidyAnanda AcAya vArtika dvArA nivAraNa karate haiM - bhinna - bhinna paryAyoM ko grahaNa karane vAle paryAyavAcaka zabdoM ke bheda hone para bhI unase abhinna artha ko hI abhISTa karane vAle zabdanaya se samabhirUr3hanaya usa zabda se viparIta prakAra kA hai| arthAt zabdanaya ekArthavAcI zabdoM meM bheda nahIM karatA hai, parantu samabhirUr3ha naya zabdabheda se arthabheda ko grahaNa karatA hai|88|| samabhirUr3ha naya se evaMbhUta naya kA viSaya adhika hai? isa prakAra kI zaMkA kA AcArya nirAkaraNa karate haiN| zabdoM meM sthita bhinna-bhinna dhAtuoM kI kriyAoM ke bheda hone para bhI usI abhinna artha ko svIkAra karane vAle samabhirUr3ha naya se evaMbhUta naya pracuraviSayavAlA nahIM hai| evaMbhUta naya to par3hAte samaya hI mAnava ko pAThaka kahegA, kintu samabhirUr3ha naya khAte, pIte samaya bhI adhyApaka ko pAThaka kahatA hai / / 89 // isa prakAra nayoM ke lakSaNa aura nayAbhAsoM kA viveka tathA nayoM ke viSayakA alpabahutvapana athavA pUrvavartI uttaravartIpana kA vyAkhyAna pUrNa huaa|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 161 kathaM punarnayavAkyapravRttirityAhanaigamAprAtikUlyena na saMgrahaH prvrtte| tAbhyAM vAcyamihAbhISTA saptabhaMgIvibhAgataH // 10 // naigamavyavahArAbhyAM viruddhAbhyAM tathaiva saa| sA naigamarjusUtrAbhyAM tAdRgbhyAmavigAnataH // 11 // sA zabdAnnigamAdanyAdhuktAt smbhiruuddhtH| saivaMbhUtAcca sA jJeyA vidhaanprtissedhgaa||92|| saMgrahAdeza zeSeNa pratipakSeNa gamyatAm / tathaiva vyApinI saptabhaMgI nayavidAM matA // 13 // vizeSairuttaraiH srvairnyaanaamuditaatmnaam| parasparaviruddhArthedvavRtteryathAyatham // 94 // nayoM meM vAkya kI pravRtti kisa prakAra hotI hai? aisA prazna hone para AcArya kahate haiM - saMgraha naya naigamanaya ke pratikUla pravRtti karatA hai| arthAt naigama yadi asti ko kahegA to saMgraha nAsti dharma ko khegaa| ataH una donoM naigama saMgrahanayoM se yahAM abhISTa saptabhaMgI aneka bhedoM ke dvArA vAcya hotI hai| arthAt naigamanaya kI apekSA saMkalpita indra kA astitva mAnakara aura saMgrahanaya se usakA nAstitva abhipreta kara sAta bhaMgoM ke samAhAra svarUpa eka nayasaptabhaMgI banA lenI caahie| isI prakAra anya bhI vibhAga karane se saptabhaMgI ke aneka bheda ho jAte haiN|90|| usI prakAra viruddha astitva aura nAstitva ke prayojaka naigama aura vyavahAra naya ke dvArA bhI saptabhaMgI banAnI cAhie tathA usake sadRza viruddha naigama aura RjusUtra do nayoM se astitva, nAstitva ko kalpita kara anindita mArga se saptabhaMgI banA lenI cAhie // 11 // isI prakAra vahI saptabhaMgI naigama naya se aura zabdanaya se vidhi aura pratiSedha ko prApta hai| tathA naigama aura anya bhinnAdi zabdoM ke dvArA kahe jA cuke samabhirUr3ha naya se bhI vidhi aura niSedha ko prApta vaha eka nyArI saptabhaMgI hai tathA viruddha naigama aura evaMbhUta se vidhAna karanA aura niSedha karanA dharmoM ko le rahI vaha saptabhaMgI pRthak samajhanI cAhie // 12 // ___ jaise naigama kI apekSA astitva ko rakhakara zeSa chaha nayoM kI apekSA se nAstitva ko rakhate hue chaha saptabhaMgiyA~ banAyI gayI haiM, isI prakAra saMgraha Adi nayoM se astitva ko vyavasthApita kara zeSa uttaravartI pratipakSI nayoM ke dvArA usI prakAra vyApta saptabhaMgiyA~ yoM samajha lenI caahie| ye sabhI saptabhaMgiyA~ nayavettA vidvAnoM ke yahA~ ThIka mAnI gayI haiN||93|| pUrva-pUrva meM jinake svarUpa kaha diye gaye haiM, aise sampUrNa nayoM kI uttara-uttaravartI vizeSa ho rahIM sampUrNa nayoM ke sAtha saptabhaMgiyA~ bana jAtI haiN| paraspara meM viruddha sarIkhe arthoM ko viSaya karane vAle nayoM ke sAtha yathAyogya kalaha ho jAne kI pravRtti ho jAne se astitva aura nAstitva ke prayojaka dharma ghaTita ho jAte haiN|94|| usI prakAra pratyeka paryAya meM nayasaptabhaMgI samajha lenI cAhie, jaise vaha aviruddha pramANa saptabhaMgI pUrva prakaraNoM se vyavasthita kI jA cukI hai| usa nayasaptabhaMgI ke binA cAroM ora se vacana bolane kA upAya ghaTita nahIM ho pAtA hai| vizeSa yaha hai ki naya sapta bhaMgI meM nAstitva kI vyavasthA karAne ke lie viruddha
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 162 pratyeyA pratiparyAyamaviruddhA tathaiva sA / pramANasaptabhaMgI ca tAM vinA nAbhivAggatiH // 15 // iha tAvannaigamasya saMgrahAdibhiH saha SaDbhiH pratyekaM SaT saptabhaMgyaH, saMgrahasya vyavahArAdibhiH saha vacanAt paMca, vyavahArasyarjusUtrAdibhizcatasraH, RjusUtrasya zabdAdibhistisraH, zabdasya samabhirUDhAdibhyAM dve, samabhirUDhasyaivaMbhUtenaikA, ityekaviMzatimUlanayasaptabhaMgya: pakSapratipakSatayA vidhiprtissedhklpnyaavgNtvyaaH| tathA dharma apekSaNIya hai aura pramANasaptabhaMgI meM nAstitva dharma kI vyavasthA ke lie aviruddha Aropita dharma se nAstitva kI vyavasthA hai||95|| yahA~ naigamanaya kI saMgraha, vyavahAra Adi chaha nayoM ke sAtha eka-eka hotI huI chaha saptabhaMgiyA~ bana jAtI haiN| arthAt naigama naya kI apekSA astitva - 1 aura saMgraha se nAstitva - 2, krama se ubhaya - 3, akrama se avaktavya- 4, naigama aura akrama se asti avaktavya - 5, saMgraha aura akrama se nAsti avaktavya - 6, naigama aura saMgraha se tathA akrama se vivakSA karane para astinAsti avaktavya -7, ina sAta bhaMgoMvAlI eka saptabhaMgI huii| isI prakAra naigama se vidhi kI kalpanA kara aura vyavahAra, RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta se pratiSedha kI kalpanA karanI caahie| mUlabhaMgoM ko banAkara zeSa pA~ca bhaMgoM ko krama, akrama Adi se banAte hue pA~ca saptabhaMgiyA~ banA lenI caahie| naigamanaya kI saMgraha Adi ke sAtha chaha saptabhaMgiyA~ huiiN| tathA saMgrahanaya kI apekSA vidhi kI kalpanA kara aura vyavahAra naya kI apekSA se pratiSedha kalpanA karate hue do mUla bhaMga banAkara saptabhaMgI banA lenA caahie| isI prakAra saMgraha kI apekSA vidhi kI kalpanA kara RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta nayoM kI apekSA nAstitva mAnakara anya cAra saptabhaMgiyA~ banA lenaa| isa prakAra saMgrahanaya kI vyavahAra Adi ke sAtha kathana kara dene se eka eka prati eka eka saptabhaMgI hotI huI pA~ca saptabhaMgiyA~ huiiN| tathA vyavahAra kI apekSA astitva kalpanA kara aura RjusUtra kI apekSA nAstitva ko mAnakara ina do mUla bhaMgoM se eka saptabhaMgI banAnA / vyavahAra naya kI apekSA astitva mAna kara zabda samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta se nAstitva kI kalpanA karake tIna saptabhaMgiyA~ aura bhI banA lenaa| ye vyavahAranaya kI RjusUtra Adi ke sAtha cAra saptabhaMgiyA~ hotI haiN| tathA RjusUtra kI apekSA vidhi kI kalpanA anusAra zabda Adi tIna nayoM ke sAtha niSedha kI kalpanA kara do-do mUla bhaMgoM ke sAtha RjusUtra naya kI zabda Adi tIna ke sAtha tIna saptabhaMgiyA~ hotI haiN| tathA zabdanaya kI apekSA vidhi kalpanA kara aura samabhirUr3ha ke sAtha niSedha kalpanA karate hue do mUla bhaMgoM se eka saptabhaMgI bnaanaa| isI prakAra zabda dvArA vidhi aura evaMbhUta dvArA niSedha kI kalpanA kara do mUlabhaMgoM se dUsarI saptabhaMgI banA lenaa| isa prakAra zabda kI samabhirUr3ha Adi do nayoM ke sAtha do saptabhaMgiyA~ huiiN| tathA samabhirUr3ha kI apekSA astitva kI kalpanA kara aura evaMbhUta kI apekSA nAstitvako mAnate hue do mUla bhaMgoM se eka saptabhaMgI banA lenaa| isa prakAra svakIya pakSa meM pUrva-pUrva nayoM kI apekSA se vidhi aura pratikUla pakSa mAne gaye, uttara-uttara nayoM kI apekSA se pratiSedha kI kalpanA karake sAta mUla nayoM kI ikkIsa saptabhaMgiyA~ hotI haiM, aisA samajha lenA caahie|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 163 navAnAM naigamabhedAnAM dvAbhyAM parAparasaMgrahAbhyAM saha vacanAdaSTAdaza saptabhaMgyaH, parAparavyavahArAbhyAM cASTAdaza, RjusUtreNa nava, zabdabhedaiH SaDbhiH saha catuHpaMcAzat, samabhirUDhena saha nava, evaMbhUtena ca nava, iti saptadazottara shtN| tathA saMgrahAdinayabhedAnAM zeSanayabhedaiH saptabhaMgyo yojyaaH| evamuttaranayasaptabhaMgyaH paMcasaptatyuttarazataM / ___nayoM kI mUla saptabhaMgiyoM ke bheda ho cuke / aba nayoM ke uttara bhedoM dvArA racI gayI saptabhaMgiyoM ko ginAte haiN| usI krama ke anusAra artha paryAya naigama - 1, vyaMjanaparyAya naigama - 2, arthavyaMjanaparyAya naigama - 3, zuddha dravya naigama - 4, azuddhadravya naigama - 5, zuddha dravyArtha paryAya naigama - 6, azuddhadravyArthaparyAyanaigama - 7, zuddhadravyavyaMjana paryAya naigama - 8, azuddhadravyavyaMjanaparyAya naigama - 9 isa prakAra naigama ke nau bhedoM kA para, apara, ina do prakAra ke saMgraha nayoM ke sAtha kathana karane se aThAraha saptabhaMgiyA~ hojAtI haiN| arthAtarthaparyAya naigama kI apekSA astitva kalpanA kara parasaMgraha kI apekSA nAstitva mAnate hue do mUlabhaMgoM kI bhitti para eka saptabhaMgI banA lenaa| isI prakAra nau naigamoM kI apekSA astitva mAnate hue donoM saMgrahoM se pratiSedha karate hue aThAraha saptabhaMgiyA~ bana jAtI haiN| tathA nau naigama ke bhedoM kI apekSA astitva mAnakara para, apara ina do vyavahAra nayoM kara ke nAstitva ko mAnate hue do-do mUlabhaMgoM se eka-eka saptabhaMgI banAte hue ye bhI 18 saptabhaMgiyA~ hogiiN| tathA RjusUtra kA eka hI bheda haiN| ata: nau naigamoM se vidhi kI kalpanA kara aura RjusUtranaya se pratiSedha karate hue do-do mUlabhaMgoM dvArA ye nau saptabhaMgiyA~ huiiN| zabdanaya ke kAla, kAraka, liMga, saMkhyA, sAdhana, upasarga ye chaha bheda haiN| naigama ke nau bhedoM se astitva ko mAnate hue aura zabdanaya ke chaha bhedoM se nAstitva kI kalpanA karane se do mUlabhaMgoM se eka - eka saptabhaMgI ko banAkara nau, chaha, caupana saptabhaMgiyA~ bana jAtI haiN| tathA nau naigamoM se pahile astitva bhaMga ko sAdha kara aura samabhirUr3ha se dUsare nAstitva bhaMga kI kalpanA kara eka-eka naigama kI apekSA se vidhi kalpanA kara aura evaMbhUta naya se niSedha kalpanA karate hue nau naigama ke bhedoM kI evaMbhUta ke sAtha nau saptabhaMgiyA~ samajha lenI caahie| isa prakAra naigama kI 18+18+9+54+9+9=117 isa prakAra eka sau satraha uttara saptabhaMgiyA~ hotI haiN| - isa prakAra naigama ke prakAroM anusAra saMgraha Adi nayoM ke bhedoM kI uttara-uttara zeSa bace hue nayoM ke bhedoM ke sAtha astitva, nAstitva kI vivakSA kara saptabhaMgiyA~ karanI cAhie arthAt - donoM saMgraha nayoM kI apekSA astitva ko mAna kara aura donoM vyavahAranayoM se nAstitva ko mAnakara do-do mUlabhaMgoM ke dvArA eka-eka saptabhaMgI banAte hue saMgraha ke para, apara bhedoM kI, vyavahAra ke para, apara do bhedoM ke sAtha cAra saptabhaMgiyA~ huiiN| do saMgrahoM kI apekSA astitva ko mAnate hue aura RjusUtra se nAstitva ko gar3ha kara do mUlabhaMgoM dvArA saptabhaMgI ko banAte hue para, apara saMgrahoM kI eka prakAra, RjusUtra ke sAtha do saptabhaMgiyA~ huiiN| tathA do saMgrahoM kI chaha prakAra ke zabda naya ke sAtha do-do mUla bhaMgoM se saptabhaMgI banAkara bAraha saptabhaMgiyA~ huiiN| tathA do saMgrahoM kI eka samabhirUr3ha ke sAtha vidhi-pratiSedha kalpanA karate hue do saptabhaMgiyA~ bnaanaa| isI prakAra do saMgrahoM kI apekSA vidhi karate hue aura evaMbhUta kI apekSA niSedha karate hue do
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 164 tathottarottaranayasaptabhaMgyopi zabdata: saMkhyAtA: prtipttvyaaH| iti pratiparyAyaM saptabhaMgI bahudhA vastunyekatrAvirodhena vidhipratiSedhakalpanA prAgavaduktAcArya: nAvyApinI nAtivyApinI vA nApyasaMbhavinI tathA pratItisaMbhavAt / tadyathAsaptabhaMgiyA~ huiiN| isa prakAra saMgrahanaya ka bhedoM kI zeSa nayoM ke bhedoM ke sAtha 4+2+12+2+2=22 bAIsa. saptabhaMgiyA~ huiiN| tathA vyavahAranaya ke do bhedoM kI apekSA astitva mAna kara aura RjusUtra ke eka bheda kI apekSA nAstitva mAna kara do mUlabhaMgoM se eka-eka saptabhaMgI banAte hue do saptabhaMgiyA~ huIM aura do vyavahAranayoM kI chaha prakAra ke zabdanayoM ke sAtha astitva, nAstitva kI kalpanA karane para bAraha saptabhaMgiyA~ aura do prakAra vyavahAranaya kI apekSA astitva kI kalpanA karane para samabhirUr3ha ke sAtha nAstitva ko mAnate hue do saptabhaMgiyA~, do vyavahAranayoM kI apekSA vidhAna karate hue evaMbhUta kI apekSA nAstitva ko kalpita kara do saptabhaMgiyA~, isa prakAra vyavahAranaya ke do bhedoM kI zeSanaya yA nayabhedoM ke sAtha 2+12+2+2-18 aThAraha saptabhaMgiyA~ hotI haiN| tathA RjusUtra kI saptabhaMgiyA~ yoM haiM ki eka RjusUtra kI chaha prakAra ke zabda naya ke sAtha astitva, nAstitva ko vivakSita kara chaha saptabhaMgiyA~ hotI haiM, yadyapi RjusUtra kI apekSA astitva kalpita kara aura samabhirUr3ha kI apekSA nAstitva kI kalpanA kara eka saptabhaMgI tathA RjusUtra kI apekSA astitva aura evaMbhUta kI apekSA nAstitva mAna kara do mUla bhaMgoM dvArA dUsarI saptabhaMgI-isa prakAra do saptabhaMgiyA~ anya bhI ho sakatI thiiN| kintu ye do saptabhaMgiyA~ mUlanaya kI ikkIsa saptabhaMgiyoM meM ginAI jA cukI haiN| nayoM ke uttara bhedoM kI saptabhaMgiyoM meM ukta do saptabhaMgiyoM ko ginAne kA prakaraNa nahIM hai| ata: eka prakAra ke RjusUtra naya kI zeSa uttaranaya bhedoM ke sAtha chaha hI saptabhaMgiyA~ hotI haiN| tathA zabdanaya ke bhedoM kI sapta bhaMgiyA~ isa prakAra haiM ki chaha prakAra ke zabdanaya kI apekSA astitva mAnakara eka hI prakAra ke samabhirUr3ha naya kI apekSA nAstitva kI kalpanA karake do mUlabhaMgoM dvArA chaha saptabhaMgiyA~ aura chaha zabdanaya ke bhedoM kI apekSA astitva mAnakara eka prakAra ke evaMbhUta kI apekSA nAstitva ko mAnate hue chaha saptabhaMgiyA~ haiN| isa prakAra zabdanaya ke bhedoM kI bace hue do nayoM ke sAtha 6+6=12 bAraha saptabhaMgiyA~ hotI haiN| samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta kA koI uttarabheda nahIM hai| ata: samabhirUr3ha kI evaMbhUta ke sAtha astitva yA nAstitva vivakSA karane para utpanna huI eka saptabhaMgI mUla ikkIsa saptabhaMgiyoM meM ginI jA cukI hai| uttara saptabhaMgI meM usako ginane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, gina bhI nahIM sakate haiN| isa prakAra uttara nayoM kI 117+22+18+6+12= 175 eka sau picattara saptabhaMgiyA~ hotI haiN| isa prakAra bheda-prabheda karate hue uttarottara nayoM kI saptabhaMgiyA~ bhI zabdoM kI apekSA saMkhyAta ho sakatI haiN| kyoMki jagat meM saMketa anusAra vAcya arthoM ko pratipAdana karane vAle zabda kevala saMkhyAta haiN| asaMkhyAta yA ananta nahIM haiN| bhAvArtha - causaTha akSaroM ke dvArA saMyukta akSara banAye jA~ya to eka kama ekaTThi pramANa 18446744073709551615 itane eka-eka hokara apunarukta akSara bana jAte haiN| tathA saMketa anusAra ina akSaroM ko Age pIche rakha kara yA svaroM kA yogakara ekasvara pada (eka svara vAle pada), do svaravAle pada, tIna svara vAle pada, cAra svara vAle pada, pA~ca svaravAle pada evaM a (niSedha yA vAsudeva) i (kAmedava), u (krodha ukti), mA (lakSmI), ku (pRthvI), kha (AkAza) ghaTa (ghar3A), agni, (Aga), karI (hAthI), manuSya bhujaMga, markaTa, ajagara, pArijAta, parIkSaka, abhinandana, sAmparAyika, suradIrghikA aGgAkhallarI, abhyavakarSaNa, zrI vatsalAJchana, ityAdi pada banAye jAveM to padmoM, saMkhoM, nalinAMga, nalina Adi saMkhyAoM kA atikramaNa kara saMkhyAtI saptabhaMgiyA~ bana jAtI haiM, aisA samajhanA cAhie jo ki jaghanya parItAsaMkhyAta se eka kama aura utkRSTa saMkhyAta nAma kI saMkhyA ke bhItara haiN|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika *165 saMkalpanAmAtragrAhiNo naigamasya tAvadAzrayaNAdvidhikalpanA, prasthAdisaMkalpamAtraM prasthAdyAnetuM gacchAmIti vyavahAropalabdheH / bhAvini bhUtavadupacArAttathA vyavahAra: taMduleSvodanavyavahAravaditi cenna, prasthAdisaMkalpyasya tadAnubhUyamAnatvena bhAvitvAbhAvAt prasthAdipariNAmAbhimukhasya kASThasya prasthAditvena bhAvitvAt tatra tadupacArasya prsiddhiH| prasthAdibhAvAbhAvayostu tatsaMkalpyasya vyaapinonupcrittvaat| na ca tadvyavahAro mukhya eveti isa prakAra pratyeka paryAya meM bahuta prakAra se eka vastu meM avirodha karake vidhi aura pratiSedha Adi kI kalpanA karanA AcAryoM ne saptabhaMgI kahI hai arthAt - pUrvakathita pramANa saptabhaMgI ke samAna yaha nayasaptabhaMgI bhI aneka prakAra se jor3a lenI caahie| prazna ke vaza se eka vastu meM yA vastu ke aMza meM vidhi aura pratiSedha kI kalpanA karanA yaha saptabhaMgI kA nirdoSa lakSaNa hai| lakSya ke ekadeza meM rahane vAle avyAptidoSa kI isameM sambhAvanA nahIM hai| aura yaha saptabhaMgI ativyApti doSa se yukta nahIM hai, tathA asambhava doSavAlI bhI nahIM hai| kyoMki isa prakAra pratItiyoM se vastu meM sAtoM bhaMga sambhava hai| usI nirNaya ko yahA~ isa prakAra samajha lenA cAhie ki sarvaprathama kevala saMkalpa ko hI grahaNa karane vAle naigamanaya kA Azraya lene se vidhi kI kalpanA krnaa| kyoMki prastha, indrapratimA, Adi ke kevala saMkalpasvarUpa jo prastha Adika ko lAne ke lie jAtA hai, isa prakAra vyavahAra dekhA jAtA hai| arthAt - prastha lAnA nahIM hai| kintu prastha ke kevala saMkalpa kA lAnA hai| anna mApane vAle prastha ke saMkalpa kI naigamanaya ke dvArA vidhi kI gayI hai| prazna - bhaviSya meM hone vAle padArtha meM dravyanikSepa se hI padArtha ke samAna yahA~ upacAra se usa prakAra kA vyavahAra kara liyA jAtA hai, jaise kacce cAvaloM meM pake bhAta kA vyavahAra ho jAtA hai| uttara - aisA nahIM kahanA, kyoMki usa naigamanaya kI pravRtti ke avasara para prastha Adi ke saMkalpa saMkalpa ko prApta prastha Adi kA hI anabhava kiyA jA rahA hai| isa kAraNa usa saMkalpa ko bhaviSyakAla sambandhIpane kA abhAva hai| prastha indra Adi kA saMkalpa to vartamAna kAla meM vidyamAna hai, saMkalpa bhaviSya meM hone vAlA nahIM hai| prastha, pratimA, Adi paryAyasvarUpa hone ke lie abhimukha kATha ko prastha, pratimA Adi kI apekSA bhaviSyakAla sambandhIpanA hai| ata: usa kASTha meM una prastha Adi ke upacAra kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| kintu naigama naya kA viSaya to mukhya hI hai kyoMki prastha Adi ke sadbhAva hone para yA unakA abhAva hone para, donoM dazA meM vyApaka una prastha Adi sambandhI saMkalpa ko to anupacaritapanA hai kintu dravyanikSepa kI apekSA bhAvI meM bhUtapane aura vartamAnapane ke samAna usakA vyavahAra to mukhya nahIM hai| arthAt dravyanikSepa kA viSaya to vartamAna kAla meM nahIM vidyamAna hai| kintu naigama kA viSaya saMkalpa mukhya hokara isa kAla meM vidyamAna hai| ata: naigama naya kI apekSA prastha Adi kI vidhi ko karane vAlA prathama bhaMga banAnA cAhie aura zeSa chaha nayoM kI apekSA se dUsarA bhaMga banAnA caahie| ___ usa saMkalpita prastha Adi ke prati saMgrahanaya ke Azraya se pratiSedha kI kalpanA krnaa| kyoMki kA hI.yA
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 166 tatpratisaMgrahAzrayaNAtpratiSedhakalpanA na prasthAdisaMkalpamAtra prasthAdisanmAtrasya tathA pratIteM: asata: pratItivirodhAditi vyavahArAzrayaNAt dravyasya tathopalabdheradravyasyAsataH sato vA pratyetumazakte: paryAyasya tadAtmakatvAdanyathA dravyAMtaratvaprasaMgAditi RjusUtrAzrayaNAtparyAyamAtrasya prasthAditvenopalabdheH, anyathA pratItyanupapatteriti zabdAzrayaNAt kAlAdibhedAdbhinnasyArthasya prasthAditvAdanyathAtiprasaMgAt / iti samabhirUDhAzrayaNAt paryAyabhedena bhinnasyArthasya prasthAditvAt anyathAtiprasaMgAditi, evaMbhUtAzrayaNAt kevala prastha Adi kA mAnasika saMkalpa hI tA prastha, pratimA, Adi svarUpa padArtha nahIM hai, parantu isa prakAra prastha Adi ke sadbhAva se to kevala vidyamAna padArthoM kI hI pratIti ho sakatI hai| asat padArtha kI pratIti hone kA virodha hai| arthAt vastubhUta prastha Adi nahIM haiM kyoMki ve saMgrahanaya kI apekSA nAstitva dharma dvArA pratiSiddha kara diye jAte haiN| vyavahAranaya ke Azraya se hI dravya kI usa prakAra kI upalabdhi hotI hai| kyoMki sadbhAva ke hone para usake vyApya dravya kI usa prakAra prastha, indrapratimA Adi rUpa se upalabdhi hotI hai| naigamanaya dvArA kevala saMkalpita kara liye gaye asat padArtha kI athavA saMgraha naya dvArA sadbhUta jAna liye gaye bhI padArtha kI vyavahAra naya dvArA taba taka pratIti nahIM kI jA sakatI hai, jaba taka ki vaha dravya rUpa se yA sAmAnya paryAya rUpa se vyavahRta hotA huA vibhakta nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| prakaraNa meM prastharUpaparyAya ko usa prastha Atmaka panA hai| yadi aisA nahIM mAnakara dUsare prakAroM se mAnoge to prastha, ghaTa, paTa Adi ko bhinna-bhinna dravya ho jAne kA prasaMga aayegaa| bhAvArtha - vyavahAra naya aura RjusUtra naya dravya yA paryAya kI prastha Adi rUpa se vidhi kara sakatA hai| kore saMkalpa ko prastha nahIM kahanA cAhatA hai| ata: vyavahAra naya se hI pratiSedha kalpanA kara dUsare bhaMga ko puSTa karate haiN| isI prakAra RjusUtranaya ke Azraya se kevala prastha, pratimA, Adi paryAyoM kI prastha Adi rUpa se upalabdhi hotI hai| dUsare prakAroM se (saMkalpa yA sanmAtra athavA kevala dravya kaha dene se hI) prastha paryAya kI pratIti nahIM hotI hai| ata: RjusUtranaya se bhI nAstitva bhaMga ko sAdha lenA caahie| isa prakAra zabda naya ke Azraya se pratiSedha kI kalpanA karanA cAhie, kyoMki kAla, kAraka Adi ke bheda se bhinna artha ko prastha AdipanA hai| anyathA (dUsare prakAra se) prastha Adi kI vyavasthA karane para atiprasaMga doSa AtA hai isa prakAra zabda naya se nAstitva bhaMga ko siddha karanA caahie| tathA chaThe samabhirUr3hanaya kA Azraya lene se pratiSedha kI kalpanA karanI caahie| kyoMki prastha, palya Adi paryAyavAcaka zabdoM ke bheda ho jAne se bhinna-bhinna artha ko prastha AdipanA hai| anyathA atiprasaMga ho jaaegaa| arthAt pUrva nayoM ke vyApaka arthoM meM samabhirUr3hanaya hotA hai, tathA isI prakAra naigama naya kI apekSA vidhi kI kalpanA karate hue evaMbhUta naya kA Azraya karane se niSedha kI kalpanA karanI caahie| kyoMki prastha Adi kI kriyA karane meM pariNata artha ko prastha AdipanA hai| anyathA mAnane para atiprasaMga doSa AtA hai| arthAt - jisa samaya nApane ke lie pAtra meM gehU~ dhAna sthita haiM, usI samaya kI pAtra avasthA ko prastha kahanA caahie| khAlI rakhe hue pAtra ko prastha nahIM mAnanA caahie| anyathA avyavasthA ho jAtI hai| jagat meM cAhe jisa padArtha ko cAhe jisa zabda karake kaha diyA jaavegaa| kintu evaMbhUtanaya kI manISA alaga hai| evaMbhUta naya meM pariNati mUla kAraNa hai| usako chor3a dene para sabhI zAkhAe~
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 167 prasthAdikriyApariNatasyaivArthasya prsthaaditvaadnythaatiprsNgaaditi| tathA syAdubhayaM kramArpitobhayanayArpaNAt, syAdavaktavyaM sahArpitobhayanayAzrayaNAta. avaktavyottarAH zeSAstrayo bhaMgA yathAyogamadAhAryA, ityetA: ssttsptbhNgyH| tathA saMgrahAzrayato vidhikalpanA syAt sadeva sarvamasato'pratIte: kharazRMgavaditi tat pratiSedhakalpanA vyavahArAzrayaNAnna syAt, sarvaM sadeva dravyatvAdinopalabdherdravyAdirahitasya sanmAtrasyAnupalabdhezceti RjusUtrAzrayaNAt pratiSedhakalpanA na sarvaM syAt / sadeva vartamAnAdrUpAdanyena rUpeNAnupalabdheranyathA anAdyanaMtasattopalaMbhaprasaMgAditi zabdAzrayaNAtpratiSedhakalpanA na sarvaM syAtsadeva kAlAdibhedena bhinnasyArthasyopalabdheranyathA kAlAdibhedAnarthakyaprasaMgAditi samabhirUDhAzrayAtpratiSedhakalpanA na sarvaM sadeva syAt, titara-bitara ho jAtI haiN| pUrva nayoM ke vyApaka viSaya ko evaMbhUta nahIM pakar3atI hai| ata: chaha prakAroM se do mUla bhaMgoM ko banAnA caahie| isI prakAra tIsarA bhaMga krama se arpita kiye gaye donoM nayoM kI arpaNA se kathaMcit ubhaya banA lenA, tathA eka sAtha kahane ke lie arpita kiye donoM nayoM ke Azraya se kathaMcit avaktavya isa prakAra cauthA bhaMga bnaanaa| tathA jinake uttara koTi meM avaktavya par3A huA hai, aise bace hue asti avaktavya, nAsti avaktavya, asti nAsti avaktavya, ye tIna bhaMga bhI yathAyogya vivakSAoM kA yoga milane para udAharaNa karane yogya hai| isa prakAra ye chaha saptabhaMgiyA~ samajhA dI gayI haiN| tathA naigamanaya kI paddhati anusAra saMgrahanaya kA Azraya karane se vidhi kI kalpanA hotI hai| sampUrNa pratItamAna padArtha sadbhUta hI haiN| gardabha ke sIMga samAna asat padArthoM kI pratIti nahIM ho pAtI hai| isa prakAra saMgrahanaya se saba sat haiN| 'syAt sadeva sarvaM' aisA prathama bhaMga banAnA tathA vyavahAra naya ke Azraya se usake niSedha kI kalpanA karanA, 'na syAt sarvaM sadeva', kisI apekSA se sampUrNa padArtha kevala sat rUpa hI nahIM haiM kyoMki vyavahAra meM dravya yA paryAyarUpa se padArthoM kI upalabdhi ho rahI hai| dravya, guNa, paryAya yA utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya se rahita kevala sat kI svapna meM bhI upalabdhi nahIM hai| anyathA (dravya aura paryAya ke binA) kevala sat dRSTigocara hogA to jIva yA ghaTa kA upalambha karane para usakI anAdikAla se ananta kAla taka rahane vAlI sattA ke upalambha ho jAne kA prasaMga aayegaa| kintu vyavahArI janoM ko kevala sattA kA upalambha nahIM hotA hai| dravya aura paryAyoM meM vizeSaNa rUpa sat kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| ata: vyavahAra naya se kore sat kI niSedha kalpanA kI gayI hai| isI prakAra RjusUtra naya ke Azraya se pratiSedha kI kalpanA karanA - 'na sarvaM syAt sadeva' - sabhI padArtha kathaMcit sat rUpa hI nahIM haiN| kyoMki vartamAna paryAya svarUpa se, anya svarUpoM se padArthoM kI upalabdhi nahIM ho rahI hai| anyathA (yAnI) RjusUtranaya se vartamAna paryAyoM ke atirikta paryAyoM kI bhI vidhi dIkhane lagegI, to anAdi, ananta, kAla kI paryAyoM kA sadbhAva dIkha jAnA caahie| ... ata: saMgrahanaya se sat kI vidhi ko karate hue RjusUtra naya se pratiSedha kalpanA karanA yukta hai| isI prakAra zabda naya ke Azraya se pratiSedha kalpanA kara lenaa| 'na sarvaM syAt sadeva' sampUrNa padArtha kathaMcit satrUpa hI nahIM haiN| kyoMki, kAla, kAraka, saMkhyA Adi ke bheda karake bhinna-bhinna arthoM kI upalabdhi ho rahI hai| arthAt kAla Adi se bhinna padArtha to jagat meM vidyamAna hai| zeSa koI korA sat padArtha nahIM hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 168 paryAyabhedena bhinnasyArthasyopalabdheranyathaikaparyAyatvaprasaMgAt iti| evaMbhUtAzrayAt pratiSedhakalpanA na sarvaM sadeva tatkriyApariNatasyaivArthasya tathopapatteranyathA kri yAsaMkaraprasaMgAt iti / tathobhayanayakra mAkra - mArpaNAdubhayAvaktavyakalpanA vidhinayAzrayaNAt sahobhayanayAzrayaNAcca vidhyavaktavyakalpanA pratiSedhanayAzrayaNAt sahobhayanayAzrayaNAcca pratiSedhAvaktavyakalpanA kramAkramobhayanayAzrayaNAttadubhayAvaktavyakalpaneti pNcsptbhNgyH| tathA vyavahAranayAdvidhikalpanA sarvaM dravyAdyAtmakaM pramANaprameyavyavahArAnyathAnupapatte: kalpanAmAtreNa tadvyavahAre anyathA kAla, kAraka, Adi ke bheda karane ke vyarthapana kA prasaMga hogA, jo ki iSTa nahIM hai| isI prakAra samabhirUr3ha naya ke Azraya se pratiSedha kalpanA kara lenaa| sabhI padArtha kathaMcit sat rUpa hI nahIM haiN| kyoMki paryAyoM ko kahane vAle paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke bheda karake bhinna-bhinna arthoM kI upalabdhi ho rahI hai|anythaa eka hI paryAyavAcI zabda ke dvArA kathana ho jAne kA prasaMga aayegaa| athavA padArtha kI eka hI paryAya mAna lene se prayojana siddha ho jaayegaa| isa prakAra bhinna-bhinna paryAyoM se yukta padArtha to samabhirUr3ha naya kI dRSTi se sat hai| zeSa kore sat to asat hI haiN| tathA saMgrahanaya kI apekSA vidhi kI kalpanA karate hue tabhI evaMbhUta naya ke Azraya se pratiSedha kI kalpanA kara lenA na syAt sarvaM sadeva,' sampUrNa padArtha kathaMcit satrUpa hI nahIM haiN| kyoMki usa-usa kriyA meM pariNata artha kA usa prakAra honA banatA hai| anya prakAra se sadbhUtapanA mAna lene para kriyAoM ke saMkara ho jAne kA prasaMga aayegaa| ata: saMgrahanaya ke dvArA kore sat kI vidhi ho jAne para bhI kriyA pariNatiyoM ke binA yaha naya usako asat hI kahatA jaayegaa| isa prakAra saMgraha kI apekSA vidhikalpanA aura vyavahAra Adi pA~ca nayoM se niSedha kalpanA karate hue pA~ca prakAra ke do mUlabhaMga tathA saMgraha vyavahAra yA saMgraha RjusUtra Adi do-do naya ke krama aura akrama kI bivakSA kara dene se tIsare ubhaya bhaMga aura cauthe avaktavya bhaMga kI kalpanA kara lenA caahie| aura vidhiprayojaka saMgrahanaya kA Azraya karane se tathA sAtha kahane ke lie ubhaya nayoM kA Azraya kara lene se pA~caveM asti avaktavya bhaMga kI tathA pratiSedha ke prayojaka nayoM kA Azraya kara lene se aura eka sAtha do nayoM ke artha pratipAdana karane kA Azraya karane se chaThe pratiSedhAvaktavya dharma kI kalpanA kara lenI caahie| tathA krama se aura akrama se aura ubhaya nayoM ke eka sAtha pratipAdana kA Azraya karane se una vidhi niSedha ke sAtha donoM kA avaktavya nAma kA sAtavA~ bhaMga bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra saMgraha se vidhi kI vivakSA karane aura uttaravartI pA~ca nayoM se niSedha kI vivakSA karane se do mUlabhaMgoM ke dvArA pA~ca saptabhaMgiyA~ siddha hotI haiN| isI prakAra tIsare vyavahAra naya se vidhi kI kalpanA karanA caahie| "syAt sarvaM dravyAdyAtmakaM" sampUrNa padArtha kathaMcit dravyaparyAya Adi svarUpa haiM kyoMki anyathA (padArthoM ke dravya, paryAya Adi svarUpa mAne binA) pramANa, prameya, pramAtA Adi ke vyavahAra nahIM bana sakate haiN| bauddhoM ke anusAra korI kalpanA se una pramANa, prameyapana kA vyavahAra mAnA jAyegA to svapakSa kI siddhi aura parapakSa kA nirAkaraNa kara dene kI yathArtha rUpa se vyavasthA nahIM bana skegii| isake lie vastubhUta dravya yA paryAyoM ko mAnate hue pramANa, prameya, vyavahAra kA Azraya karanA par3atA hai| dravya yA sthUla paryAyoM ko mAnane vAle usa vyavahArI ke prati to aba RjusUtra naya kA Azraya karane se dUsare bhaMga pratiSedha
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 169 svaparapakSavyavasthApananirAkaraNayoH paramArthatonupapatteriti taM prati tAvadRjusUtrAzrayAtpratiSedhakalpanA, na sarvaM dravyAdyAtmakaM, paryAyamAtrasyopalabdheriti / zabdasamabhirUDhaivaMbhUtAzrayAt pratiSedhakalpanA na sarvaM dravyAdyAtmakaM, kAlAdibhedena, paryAyabhedena kriyAbhedena ca bhinnasyArthasyopalabdheH iti| prathamadvitIyabhaMgau pUrvavaduttare bhaMgA iti catasraH saptabhaMgyaH prtipttvyaaH| tatharjusUtrAzrayAvidhikalpanA sarvaM paryAyamAtraM dravyasya kvacidavyavasthiteriti taM prati shbdaashryaatprtissedhklpnaa| samabhirUdvaivaMbhatAzrayAcca na sarvaM paryAyamAnaM kAlAdibhedena paryAyabhedena kriyAbhedena ca bhinnasya pryaaysyoppttimttvaaditi| dvau bhaMgau kramAkramArpitobhayanayAstRtIyacaturthabhaMgAH trayonye prathamadvitIyatRtIyA eva vaktavyottarA yathoktanayayogAdavaseyA iti tisraH sptbhNgyH| tathA zabdanayAzrayAt kI kalpanA karanI par3atI hai kyoMki 'na sarvaM dravyAdyAtmakaM' sabhI padArtha kathaMcit dravya yA sahabhAvI paryAyoMsvarUpa hI nahIM haiN| kyoMki kevala vartamAna kAla kI sUkSma, sthUla paryAyeM hI dRzyamAna haiN| dravya yA bheda-prabhedavAna cirakAlIna paryAyeM to nahIM dIkha rahI haiN| ataH nAstitva bhaMga siddha ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta nayoM ke Azraya se pratiSedha kI kalpanA karanA ki 'na sarvaM dravyAdyAtmakaM sampUrNa padArtha kathaMcit dravya, paryAya Adi svarUpa hI nahIM haiM kyoMki kAla, kAraka Adi ke bheda se athavA paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke vAcya artha kA bheda karake tathA bhinna-bhinna kriyA pariNatiyoM ke bheda karake bhinna-bhinna arthoM kI upalabdhi ho rahI hai| mAtra dravya aura paryAyeM hI nahIM dIkha rahe haiN| isa prakAra vyavahAranaya kI apekSA pahalA bhaMga aura zeSa cAra nayoM kI apekSA dUsarA-dUsarA bhaMga banA kara pahale-dUsare bhaMgoM ko banA lenA / pazcAt pUrvakrama ke anusAra krama akrama Adi dvArA zeSa uttaravartI pA~ca bhaMgoM ko banA lenA caahie| isa prakAra ye cAra saptabhaMgiyA~ samajha lenI caahie| usI prakAra RjusUtra naya kA Azraya lene se vidhi kI kalpanA karanA- 'sarvaM jagat paryAyamAtramasti' sampUrNa padArtha kevala paryAya svarUpa hI haiN| nityadravya kI kahIM bhI vyavasthA nahIM hai| isa prakAra RjusUtranaya se astitva kI kalpanA karane vAle usa vAdI ke prati zabda naya kA Azraya lene se niSedha kI kalpanA kara lenA tathA samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta naya kA Azraya lene se bhI niSedha kI kalpanA kara lenA cAhie kyoMki sabhI padArtha kevala kAla Adi dvArA abheda ko dhArane vAlI paryAyoM svarUpa nahIM haiN| kintu kAla, liMga Adi ke bheda karake athavA bhinna-bhinna paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke bheda karake evaM pRthak-pRthak kriyA pariNatiyA~ karake bhinna ho rahI paryAyeM hI siddhimArga para lAyI jA cukI haiN| arthAt-zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta naya to kAla, kAraka, rUr3hi aura kriyApariNatiyoM se pRthak-pRthak bana rahI paryAyoM kA hI sattva mAnate haiM, vartamAna kAla kI sAmAnya rUpa se ho rahI paryAyoM kA astitva nahIM mAnate haiN| ata: tIna prakAroM se dUsarA bhaMga bana gyaa| __mUlabhUta do bhaMgoM ko banAkara krama aura akrama se yadi do nayoM ko vivakSita kiyA jAyegA to tIna prakAra ke tIsare, cauthe bhaMga bana jaayeNge| jinakI uttara koTi meM avaktavya pada laga gayA hai aise prathama, dvitIya aura tIsare bhaMga hI prakriyA anusAra Upara kahe gaye nayoM ke yoga se pA~caveM, chaThe, sAtaveM-ye anya tIna bhaMga samajha lene caahie| isa prakAra RjusUtra naya se astitva kI kalpanA karate hue aura zabda, samabhirUr3ha, evaMbhUta nayoM se nAstitva ko mAnate hue do mUla bhagoM ke dvArA tIna saptabhaMgiyA~ huiiN|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 170 vidhikalpanA sarvaM kAlAdibhedAdbhinnaM vivkssitkaalaadiksyaarthsyaavivkssitkaalaaditvaanupptteriti| taM prati samabhirUDhaivaMbhUtAzrayA pratiSedhakalpanA na sarvaM kAlAdibhedAdeva bhinnaM paryAyabhedAt kriyAbhedAcca bhinnasyArthasya pratIte: iti mUlabhaMgadvayaM pUrvavat pare paMca bhaMgA: pratyeyA iti dve saptabhaMgyau / tathA samabhirUDhyAzrayA vividhakalpanA sarvaM paryAyabhedAdbhinnaM vivakSitaparyAyasyAvivakSitaparyAyatvenAnupalabdheriti taM pratyevaMbhUtAMzrayA pratiSedhakalpanA na ___ isI prakAra zabdanaya kA Azraya kara lenese vidhi kI kalpanA karanA ki kAla, kAraka Adi se vibhinna hote hue sabhI padArtha astisvarUpa haiM kyoMki vivakSA ko prApta ho rahe kAla, kAraka Adi se viziSTa hue artha ko avivakSita kAla, kAraka Adi se sahitapanA asiddha hai arthAt sampUrNa padArtha apane-apane niyata kAla, kAraka, vacana Adi kI apekSA astirUpa haiN| isa prakAra astitva kI kalpanA karane vAle usa vAdI ke prati samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta nayoM kA Azraya letI haI pratiSedha kalpanA kara lenI caahie| kyoMki kevala kAla. kAraka Adi ke bheda se hI jagata meM bhinna-bhinna padArtha haiM, aisA nahIM hai kintu paryAyoM ke bheda se aura kriyA pariNatiyoM ke bheda se bhinna-bhinna svarUpa padArthoM kI pratIti hotI hai arthAt samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta naya paryAya aura kriyA-pariNatiyoM se pariNata paryAyoM kI sattA ko mAnate haiN| ataH zabdanaya kA vyApaka viSaya inakI dRSTi meM nAsti hai| isa prakAra do mUla bhaMgoM ko banAte hue pUrva prakriyA ke samAna zeSa pA~ca bhaMgoM ko bhI pratIta kara lenA caahie| isa prakAra zabda naya kI apekSA astitva aura samabhirUr3ha evaMbhUtoM kI apekSA nAstitva dharma ko mAnate hue do mUla bhaMgoM dvArA eka-eka saptabhaMgI ko banAne se do saptabhaMgiyA~ ho jAtI haiN| tathA samabhirUr3ha naya kA Azraya kara vidhi kI isa prakAra kalpanA karanA cAhie ki sampUrNa padArtha pRthak-pRthak paryAyoM ko kahane vAle paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke bheda se bhinna astisvarUpa haiM, kyoMki vivakSA meM prApta kI gaI paryAya kI avivakSita anya paryAyatva se upalabdhi nahIM ho pAtI hai| isa prakAra kahane vAle usa vidvAn ke prati evaMbhUtanaya kA Azraya lete hue pratiSedha kI kalpanA kara lenA caahie| __ kyoMki paryAya bhedoM se bhinna sabhI padArtha jagat meM bheda rUpa hI haiM aisA nahIM hai| kintu pRthak-pRthak kriyApariNatiyoM ke bheda se paryAyoM ke bheda kI upalabdhi ho rahI hai| arthAt kriyApradhAna evaMbhUta naya kI apekSA par3hAte samaya hI (koI) adhyApaka kahalAtA hai, anya kAla meM nhiiN| isalie samabhirUr3ha naya kI apekSA jisa padArtha kI vidhi hai usakA evaMbhUtanaya kI apekSA niSedha hai| ina vidhi aura niSedha ke saMyoga se utpanna anya pA~ca bhaMga bhI pUrva prakriyA ke samAna samajha lene caahie| arthAt samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta nayoM kI krama se vivakSA karane para tIsarA ubhaya bhaMga hai| samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta ke gocara dharmoM kI yugapat vivakSA karane para cauthA avaktavya bhaMga hai| vidhi ke prayojaka samabhirUr3ha naya kA Azraya karane aura samabhirUr3ha, evaMbhUta donoM nayoM ke eka sAtha kathana kA Azraya karane se pA~cavA~ vidhi avaktavya bhaMga hai| pratiSedha ke preraka evaMbhUta naya kA Azraya le lene aura samabhirUr3ha evaMbhUta donoM ko eka sAtha kahane kA Azraya kara lene se chaThA pratiSedhAvaktavya bhaMga hai| vidhi pratiSedhoM ke niyojaka nayoM kA Azraya karane se aura yugapat samabhirUr3ha
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 171 sarvaM paryAyabhedAdeva bhinnaM kriyAbhedena paryAyasya bhedopalabdheriti / etatsaMyogajA: pUrvavatpare paMcabhaMgA: pratyetavyA ityekA sptbhNgii| evametA ekviNshtisptbhNgyH| vaiparItyenApi tAvatyaH prpNctobhyuuhyaa| tathottaranayasaptabhaMgyaH evaMbhUtoM kI vivakSA ho jAne se sAtaveM vidhipratiSedhAvaktavya bhaMga kI kalpanA kara lenI caahie| yaha eka saptabhaMgI huii| isa prakAra chaha, pA~ca, cAra, tIna, do eka, (6+5+4+3+2+1=21) ye saba milAkara ikkIsa saptabhaMgiyA~ hotI haiN| _ viparIta rUpa se bhI utanI hI saMkhyA vAlI 21 saptabhaMgiyA~ vistAra se svayaM apane Apa tarkaNA karane yogya haiN| arthAt evaMbhUtanaya kI apekSA par3hAte samaya hI manuSya pAThaka hai| anya paryAyoM meM yA bahuvacana Adi avasthA meM manana karane kI paryAya meM, sAmAnya manuSyapana ke vyavahAra meM saMgRhIta sat padArthoM meM aura saMkalpita padArthoM meM, vaha pAThaka nahIM hai| ataH evaMbhUta naya kI apekSA astitva dharma ko mAnakara zeSa chaha nayoM kI apekSA nAstitva kI kalpanA karake do mUla bhaMgoMkI bhitti para chaha saptabhaMgiyA~ banA lenaa| tathA samabhirUr3ha se vidhi kI kalpanA karake aura zabda, RjusUtra, vyavahAra, saMgraha aura naigama naya kI apekSA se nAstitva kI kalpanA meM pA~ca saptabhaMgiyA~ bana jAtI haiN| samabhirUr3ha naya kI manISA hai ki sabhI padArtha apane-apane vAcya paryAyoM meM hI ArUr3ha haiN| isakI vyApya dRSTi meM pUrva-pUrva nayoM ke vyApaka viSaya nahIM dikhate haiN| ataH samabhirUr3ha se astitva aura zabda Adi se nAstitva aise do mUla bhaMgoM se pA~ca saptabhaMgiyA~ bana jAtI haiN| tathA zabda naya kI apekSA astitva aura RjusUtra, vyavahAra, saMgraha, naigamoM kI apekSA nAstitva ko mAnate hae do mala bhaMgoM se cAra saptabhaMgiyA~ bana jAtI haiN| zabdanaya ko kAla. kAraka Adi se bhinna padArtha hI dikha rahe haiN| saMkalpita yA saMgRhIta athavA vyavahAra meM Ane vAle padArtha yA sarala paryAyeM mAnoM haiM hI nhiiN| tathA Rjasatra kI apekSA pahile astitva bhaMga kI kalpanA kara vyavahAra, saMgraha.. nayoM se dUsare nAstitva bhaMga kI apekSA hue do mUla bhaMgoM dvArA tIna saptabhaMgiyA~ banA lenaa| RjusUtra naya vartamAna paryAyoM para hI dRSTi rakhatA haiN| vyavahAra karane yogya yA saMgraha prayojaka dharma athavA saMkalpa inakA sparza nahIM karatA hai| tathA vyavahAra naya se astitva kI kalpanA kara saMgraha, naigama nayoM se pratiSedha kI kalpanA karate hue do mUlabhaMgoM dvArA do saptabhaMgiyA~ banA lenaa| vyavahAra meM Ane vAle dravya, paryAya Adi hI padArtha haiN| sat sAmAnya se saMgRhIta padArtha kahIM ekatrita nahIM hote haiN| tathA saMgrahanaya kI apekSA se astitva mAnate hue naigama kI apekSA nAstitva bhaMga kI kalpanA kara pUrvokta paddhati anusAra eka saptabhaMgI banA lenI caahie| isa prakAra viparItapane karake bhI 6+5+4+3+2+1=21 ikkIsa saptabhaMgiyA~ huiiN| uttaravartI nayoM karake pUrvavartI nayoM ke viSaya kA sarvathA niSedha nahIM kara diyA gayA hai, jisase ki inako kunayapane kA prasaMga prApta ho, kintu upekSA bhAva hai| pUrva kI saptabhaMgiyoM meM bhI to uttaravartI nayoM dvArA pratiSedha kalpanA upekSA bhAvoM ke anusAra hI kI gayI thii| anya koI upAya nhiiN| usI prakAra mUla nayoM ke samAna uttara nayoM kI bhI sampUrNa saptabhaMgiyA~ samajha lenI caahie| paraspara meM viruddha dI arthoM meM se kisI bhI eka kI athavA naigamanaya ke nau bheda prabhedoM meM se kisI bhI eka kI apane gRhIta viSaya anusAra vidhi karane para aura usake pratipakSI naya kA Azraya lene se usa dharma kA pratiSedha karane
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 172 sarvAH parasparaviruddhArthayordvayornavabhedaprabhedayorekatarasya svaviSayavidhau tatpratipakSasya nayasyAvalaMbanena tatpratiSedhe mUlabhaMgadvayakalpanayA yathoditanyAyena taduttarabhaMgakalpanayA ca prtipryaaymvgNtvyaaH| pUrvoktapramANasaptabhaMgIvattadvicArazca krtvyH| pratipAditanayasaptabhaMgISvapi pratibhaMgaM syAtkArasyaivakArasya ca pryogsdbhaavaat| tAsAM vikalAdezatvAdezca sakalAdezatvAdestat saptabhaMgItaH sakalAdezAtmikAyA vishessvyvsthaapnaat| yena ca kAraNena sarvanayAzrayAH saptadhA vacanamArgAH prvrtte| para do mUla bhaMgoM kI kalpanA karake pUrva meM kahI gayI yathAyogya nyAya paddhati se aura una do ke uttaravartI pA~ca bhaMgoM kI kalpanA karake pratyeka paryAya meM saptabhaMgiyA~ samajha lenI caahie| arthAt - naigama ke nau bhedoM meM paraspara athavA saMgraha Adi ke uttara bhedoM ke anusAra do mUla bhaMgoM ko banAte hue saikar3oM saptabhaMgiyA~ banAyI jA sakatI haiN| praznavaza eka vastu meM vidhi niSedhoM kI vyasta aura samasta rUpa ke dvArA kalpanA karanA saptabhaMgI hai| artha paryAya naigama kI apekSA vidhi kI kalpanA kara aura para saMgraha kA avalamba lekara niSedha kI kalpanA karake do mUla bhaMgoM ke dvArA saptabhaMgI banA lenaa| pUrva prakaraNoM meM kahI gayI pramANa saptabhaMgiyoM ke samAna naya saptabhaMgiyoM kA vicAra bhI kara lenA caahie| arthAt - "pramANanayairadhigamaH" sUtra meM ar3atAlIsavIM vArttika se chappanavIM vArtika taka pramANasaptabhaMgI kA jisa prakAra vicAra kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra kA naya saptabhaMgI kA vicAra yahA~ karanA caahie| pramANa saptabhaMgI meM anya dharmoM kI apekSA rahatI hai aura naya saptabhaMgI meM anya dharmoM kI upekSA rahatI hai| ukta sabhI naya saptabhaMgiyoM meM pratyeka bhaMga ke sAtha kathaMcit ko kahane vAle syAtkAra kA aura vyavaccheda ko karane vAle evakAra ke prayoga kA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai| 'syAtkAraH satyalAJchanaH' - satya kI chApa syAtkAra hai aura dRr3hatA kA bodhaka evakAra hai| una naya saptabhaMgiyoM ko vikalAdeza zabdapanA, vikalajJAnapanA tathA vikala arthapanA Adi hai| kintu pramANa saptabhaMgiyoM ko sakalAdeza zabdapanA Adi hai| isa kAraNa sakalAdezasvarUpa usa pramANa saptabhaMgI se isa nayasaptabhaMgI ke vizeSa ho jAne kI vyavasthA hai arthAt ananta saptabhaMgiyoM ke viSaya ho rahe ananta dharmasaptaka svabhAva vastu kA kAla, AtmarUpa Adi ke dvArA abhedavRtti yA abheda upacAra kA prakAzaka vAkya sakalAdeza hai aura eka saptabhaMgI ke viSayabhUta svabhAvoM kA prakAzaka vAkya vikalAdeza hai| jisa kAraNa se vastu svabhAvoM ke anusAra sAta prakAra ke saMzaya, jijJAsA aura prazna uThate haiM, isI kAraNa sampUrNa nayoM ke avalambanabhUta sAta prakAra ke hI vacana mArga haiN| nyUna aura adhika vAkyoM kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai| ___ ata: ye sabhI naya dUsare zrotAoM ke prati vAcya artha kA pratipAdana karane para to zabdasvarUpa naya haiM aura jJAna karane vAle AtmA ko svArthoM kA prakAza karane kI vivakSA hone para ye sabhI naya jJAnasvarUpa vyavasthita haiN| 'nIyate'nena iti nayaH' yaha karaNasAdhana vyutpatti karane para ukta artha labdha ho jAte haiN| svayaM AtmA ko jJAna aura artha kA prakAza to jJAna svarUpa nayoM ke dvArA hai aura dUsaroM ke prati jJAna aura artha
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 173 sarve zabdanayAstena parArthapratipAdane / svArthaprakAzane mAturime jJAnanayAH sthitaaH||16|| vai nIyamAnavastvaMzAH kathyate'rthanayAzca te| traividhyaM vyavatiSThate pradhAnaguNabhAvataH // 97 // kiM punaramISAM nayAnAmekasminnarthe pravRttirAhosvitprativizeSostItyAhayatra pravartate svArthe niyamAduttaro nyH| pUrvapUrvo nayastatra vartamAno na vAryate // 98 // sahasraSTa zatI yadvattasyAM paMcazatI mtaa| pUrvasaMkhyottaratvAbhyAM saMkhyAyAmavirodhataH // 19 // paraH paraH pUrvatra pUrvatra kasmAnnayo na pravartata ityAha pUrvatra nottarA saMkhyA ythaayaataanuvrtyte| tathottaranayaH pUrvanayArthasakale sadA // 100 // kA prakAza honA zabda svarUpa nayoM ke dvArA sambhava hai| tathA 'nIyante ye iti nayAH' - yoM karma sAdhana naya zabda kI nirukti karane para.to nizcaya se vastu ke jJAta aMza ve arthasvarUpa naya haiN| isa prakAra pradhAna aura gauNa rUpa se ye naya tIna prakAra vyavasthita haiN| arthAt - pradhAna rUpa se jJAnasvarUpa hI naya haiN| kintu gauNa rUpa se naya vAcaka zabda ko bhI naya kaha dete haiN| tathA gauNa gauNa rUpa se vAcya artha ko bhI naya kaha dete haiN| jagat meM jJAna, zabda aura artha tIna hI padArtha gaNanIya haiN| ___ "buddhizabdArthasaMjJAstAstisrobuddhyAdivAcikA :" aisA zrI samantabhadra svAmI ne kahA hai| jJAnanaya pramAtA ko svayaM apane liye artha kA prakAza karAte haiN| zabdanaya dUsaroM ke prati artha kA prakAza karAte haiN| . arthanaya to svayaM prakAzasvarUpa haiN||96-97|| ina sabhI nayoM kI phira kyA eka hI artha meM pravRtti hotI hai? athavA kyA koI vilakSaNatA kA sampAdaka vizeSa hai? isa prakAra jijJAsA hone para zrI vidyAnanda svAmI kahate haiM - jisa-jisa svArtha ko viSaya karane meM uttaravartI naya niyama se pravRtti karatA hai, usa svArtha ko jAnane meM pUrva pUrvavartInaya pravRtti karatA huA nahIM rokA jAtA hai| jaise ki sahasra meM AThasau samA jAte haiM aura usa ATha sau saMkhyA meM pA~ca sau garbhita mAne jAte haiN| pUrva saMkhyA niyama se uttara saMkhyA meM pravRtti karatI hai, isameM koI virodha nahIM hai||98-99|| - bhAvArtha - vyavahAranaya dvArA jAne gaye padArtha meM saMgrahanaya aura naigama naya pravRtta ho sakate haiN| koI virodha nahIM hai| pUrvavartI nayoM kA viSaya vyApaka hai aura uttaravartI nayoM kA viSaya vyApya hai| pUrvavartI naya uttaravartI naya kA janaka hai| - uttara-uttaravartI naya pUrva-pUrva ke nayoM ke viSayoM meM kaise pravRtti nahIM karate haiM? aisI jijJAsA hone para AcArya mahArAja uttara kahate haiM - ___ jisa prakAra uttara uttaravartinI saMkhyA yathAyogya calI ArahI pUrva-pUrva kI saMkhyAoM meM anuvartana nahIM karatI hai, usI prakAra uttaravartI naya pUrvavartI nayoM ke paripUrNa viSaya meM sadA pravRtti nahIM karate haiN| arthAt jaise pA~ca sau meM pUre ATha sau nahIM rahate haiM, usI prakAra pUrva nayoM ke vyApaka viSayoM meM alpagrAhiNI uttaravartI naya pravRtti nahIM karate haiM // 10 //
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 174 pramANanayAnAmapi parasparaviSayagamanavizeSeNa vizeSitazceti zaMkAyAmidamAhanayArtheSu pramANasya vRttiH sakaladezinaH / bhavenna tu pramANArthe nayAnAmakhileSu saa||101|| kimevaM prakArA eva nayAH sarvepyAhustadvizeSAH saMti? aparepItyAha-.. saMkSepeNa nayAstAvadvyAkhyAtAstatra suucitaaH| tadvizeSAH prapaMcena saMciMtyA nyckrtH|102|| evamadhigamopAyabhUtAH pramANanayA: vyAkhyAtAH (y)|| ___ iti nayasUtrasya vyAkhyAnaM samAptaM // pramANa aura nayoM ko bhI paraspara meM viSayoM ke gamana vizeSa se koI vizeSatA prApta hai kyA? isa prakAra AzaMkA hone para zrI vidyAnanda AcArya kahate haiM - sakala vastu ko grahaNa karake jAnane vAle pramANa kI pravRtti to nayoM dvArA gRhIta kiye gaye arthoM meM avazya hotI hai| kintu nayoM kI yaha pravRtti isa pramANa dvArA gRhIta arthoM meM sampUrNa aMzoM meM nahIM hotI hai| arthAt pramANa ne abhedavRtti karake vastu ke sampUrNa aMzoM ko jAnA hai aura nayoM dvArA vastu ke eka aMza yA katipaya aMzoM ko hI jAnA jAtA hai, ata: vyApakagrAhI pramANa to nayoM ke viSaya meM pravRtti kara letA hai kintu naya pramANagRhIta sabhI aMzoM ko sparza nahIM kara sakatA hai| athavA naya jisa prakAra antastalasparzI hokara vastu ke aMza ko jatA detA hai, usa prakAra pramANa kI yA zruta jJAna kI pravRtti nahIM hai| tabhI to pramANa, naya donoM ko svataMtratA se adhigama kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| sampUrNa naya itane hI prakAra ke haiM athavA aura bhI unake vizeSa bheda haiM? isa prakAra jijJAsA hone para zrI vidyAnanda AcAya kahate haiM ki kathita prakAroM se atirikta bhI naya vidyamAna haiN| zrI umAsvAmI mahArAja ne usa naya pratipAdaka sUtra meM saMkSepa se nayoM kI sUcanA kara dI hai| tadanusAra kucha bheda, prabheda, karate hue zrI vidyAnanda svAmI ne una nayoM kA vyAkhyAna kara diyA hai| adhika vistAra se una nayoM ke vizeSa bheda prabhedoM kA nayacakra nAmaka grantha se vidvAn puruSoM ko cintana kara lenA cAhie, samajha lenA cAhie // 102 / / isa prakAra adhigama ke prakRSTa upAyabhUta pramANa aura nayoM kA yahA~ taka vyAkhyAna kara diyA hai| 'pramANanayairadhigama:' Adi pahile kaI sUtroM meM pramANoM kA vyAkhyAna hai aura prathama adhyAya ke isa antima sUtra meM nayoM kA vivaraNa kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki pramANa, naya svarUpa hI nyAya hai| isa prakAra nayoM kA pratipAdana karane vAle "naigama saMgraha vyavahArarjusUtrazabda samabhirUdvaivaMbhUtA nayA:" isa sUtra kA vyAkhyAna pUrNa huA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 175 ||AUM namaH siddhebhyH|| ' tattvArthAdhigamabhedaH // atha tattvArthAdhigamabhedamAha tattvArthAdhigamastAvatpramANanayato mataH / - sarvaH svArthaH parArtho vAdhyAsito dvividho yathA // 1 // adhigacchatyanena tattvArthAnadhigamayatyaneneti vAdhigamaH svArtho jJAnAtmakaH, parArtho vacanAtmaka iti prtyeym|| parArthAdhigamastatrAnudbhavadrAgagocaraH / jigISu gocarazceti dvidhA zuddhadhiyo viduH||2|| - satyavAgbhirvidhAtavyaH prathamastattvavedibhiH / yathA kathaMcidityeSa caturaMgo na sNmtH||3|| - yahA~ taka prathama adhyAya ke sUtroM kA vivaraNa karake vidyAnaMda AcArya aba tattvArtha ke adhigama ke bheda kahate haiM - .. sarvaprathama umAsvAmI AcArya ne tattvoM ke jAnane kA upAya pramANa aura naya kahA hai| vaha pramANa svArtha aura parArtha ke bheda se do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai arthAt sarva adhigama sva para ke lie hotA hai||1|| jisa jJAna ke dvArA jIva tattvArthoM ko jAnatA hai va jAnA jAtA hai, dUsaroM ko samajhAyA jAtA hai usako adhigama kahate haiN| adhi upasarga pUrvaka 'gam' dhAtu se ac' pratyaya karake adhigama zabda kI niSpatti hotI hai vaha kartR vAcya hai| isakA artha jJAnasvarUpa adhigama hai| tathA adhipUrvaka 'gam' dhAtu se Nyanta prakriyA meM Nic pratyaya karake punaH ac pratyaya kI vidhi ke dvArA jo adhigama zabda kI niSpatti kI jAtI hai vaha adhigati ke preraka zabda ko kahatA hai- jaise par3hanA aura pddh'aanaa| vaise hI samajhanA aura smjhaanaa| _ jJAnAtmaka adhigama sva ke lie upayogI hotA hai aura vacanAtmaka adhigama anya zrotAoM ke lie upayogI hotA hai| aisA samajhanA caahie| - zuddha buddhi vAle mahApuruSoM ne vaha parArtha anumAna do prakAra kA kahA hai| prathama rAga dveSa ke agocara hotA hai- jisameM tattvoM ke jAnane kI abhilASA hotI hai| dUsare meM vAdI ko jItane kI icchA hotI hai| gocara kA artha viSaya hai| ___arthAt - vastu ke svarUpa ko jAnane ke lie jo vItarAga bhAvanA se guru ziSya kI paraspara carcA hotI hai usako vAda kahate haiN| aura paraspara meM eka dUsare ko jItane kI icchA se jo vacana vyavahAra hotA hai-use vivAda kahate haiN| isa prakAra zabdAtmaka padArtha kA adhigama do prakAra kA hai||2|| ___ vItarAga puruSoM meM hone vAlA prathama zabda rUpa adhigama satyavacana kahane vAle tattvavettA puruSoM ke dvArA vidhAna karane yogya hai| yaha saMvAda to yathAyogya cAhe kisI bhI prakAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai| isameM sabhya, sabhApati, vAdI aura prativAdI ina cAra aMgoM kA honA Avazyaka nahIM mAnA hai||3||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 176 pravaktrAjJApyamAnasya prsbhjnyaanpekssyaa| tattvArthAdhigamaM kartuM samartho'tha ca zAzvataH // 4 // vizrutaH sakalAbhyAsAjJAyamAnaH svayaM prbhuH| tAdRksabhyasabhApatya bhAvepi pratibodhakaH // 5 // sAbhimAnajanArabhyazcaturaMgo niveditH| tajjJairanyatamApAyepyarthAparisamAptitaH // 6 // jigISadbhyAM vinA tAvanna vivAdaH prvrtte| tAbhyAmeva jayonyonyaM vidhAtuM na ca shkyte||7|| vAdino sparddhayA vRddhirbhimaanprvRddhitH| siddhe vAcAkalaMkasya mahato nyAyavedinaH // 8 // svaprajJAparipAkAdiprayojaneti kecn| teSAmapi vinA mAnAdvayoryadi sa sNmtH||9|| tadA tatra bhavedvyarthaH satprAnikaparigrahaH / jJeyaM praznavazAnnaiva kathaM tairiti manyate // 10 // yaha vItarAga puruSoM meM hone vAlA saMvAda utkRSTa jJAna vA nirmala jJAna kI apekSA se prAmANika vaktA ke dvArA AjJApita puruSa ko tattvArthoM kA adhigama karAne meM samartha hai| isalie yaha zAzvata hai arthAt prakRSTa jJAnI puruSa kI AjJAnusAra koI bhI sajjana puruSa kabhI bhI tattvoM kA nirNaya karane ke lie saMvAda, kara sakatA hai||4|| ___ jo vaktA sampUrNa zAstroM kA abhyAsa karane se jagat prasiddha vidvAn hai, svayaM dUsaroM ko samajhAne ke lie apane siddhAnta meM niSNAta (prabhu) hai, vaha pravaktA vaise sabhya aura sabhApati ke abhAva meM bhI jijJAsu ziSyoM kA prabodhaka ho sakatA hai||5|| ___paraspara eka dUsare ko jItane kI icchA rakhane vAle abhimAnI puruSoM ke dvArA jo vAda (zAstrArtha) prAraMbha kiyA jAtA hai, usa vAda ke vAdI, prativAdI, sabhya (sabhAsada) aura sabhApati - ye cAra aMga zAstra ko jAnane vAloM ne nivedana kiye haiM (mAne haiN)| vivAda meM cAra aMgoM meM se kisI eka aMga ke nahIM hone para artha kI parisamApti nahIM hotI hai| arthAt paripUrNa prayojana kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai||6|| eka dUsare ko jItane ke icchuka vAdI-prativAdI ke binA vivAda kI pravRtti nahIM ho sktii| tathA una donoM hI ke dvArA jaya-parAjaya kA vidhAna (nirNaya) karanA zakya nahIM hai arthAt jaya-parAjaya kI vyavasthA (nirNaya) karane ke lie sabhya puruSa aura sabhApati kI AvazyakatA hotI hai||7|| nyAyazAstra ko paripUrNa rUpa se jAnane vAle nyAyavedI mahAn vidvAn akalaMkadeva ke vacana se yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki vAdI aura prativAdI puruSa ke pratispardhA se vRddhi ko prApta abhimAna svakIya parAjaya aura dUsare kI jaya ko svIkAra karane ke lie tatpara nahIM hai| ataH sabhya aura sabhApati kI AvazyakatA hotI hai // 8 // svakIya prajJA (buddhi) ke paripAka (anya ko samajhAne ke lie saMkalanA, jJAna kI vRddhi kA abhyAsa) Adi prayojana ke kAraNa sabhya aura sabhApati ke binA bhI vAdI aura prativAdI meM vivAda kI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai| aisA koI kahatA hai| isake pratyuttara meM jainAcArya kahate haiM ki una vAdI prativAdiyoM ne yadi pramANa ke binA hI prajJA kA paripAka honA mAna liyA hai taba to sabhya (zreSTha) puruSoM ko yA prAznika puruSoM ko ekatrita karanA vyartha hai| parantu "prazna ke kAraNa jJeya padArtha vyavasthita nahIM hai"- yaha vAdI prativAdI ke dvArA svayaM kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai? arthAt ve kaise svIkAra kara sakate haiM ki hamArA kathana ThIka nahIM hai| ataH sabhya aura sabhApati kI AvazyakatA hai|9-10||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 177 tayoranyatamasya syAdabhimAnaH kdaacn| tannivRttyarthameveSTaM sabhyApekSaNamatra cet // 11 // rAjApekSaNamapyastu tathaiva cturNgtaa| vAdasya bhAvinImiSTAmapekSya vijigISatAm // 12 // sabhyairanumataM tattvajJAnaM dRDhataraM bhavet / iti te vItarAgAbhyAmapekSyAstata eva cet // 13 // taccenmahezvarasyApi svaziSyapratipAdane / sabhyApekSaNamapyastu vyAkhyAne ca bhavAdRzAM // 14 // svayaM mahezvaraH sabhyo mdhysthstttvvittvtH| pravaktA ca vineyAnAM tattvakhyApanato yadi // 15 // tadAnyopi pravaktaivaM bhavediti vRthA tv| prAznikApekSaNaM cApi smudaaytymudaahRtH||16|| yathA caikaH pravaktA ca mdhysthobhyupgmyte| tathA sabhApati: kiM na pratipAdyaH sa eva te||17|| koI kahatA hai ki vAdI aura prativAdI meM kabhI kisI eka ke mana meM abhimAna A jAne se vaha yadvA tadvA pravRtti karane laga jAtA hai, taba usa asabhya AcaraNa kI nivRtti ke lie sabhyapuruSoM kI apekSA karanA iSTa hotA hai| isake pratyuttara meM jainAcArya kahate haiM ki yadyapi viziSTa jJAtA ke vivAda meM sabhya puruSoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai tathApi rAjA kI apekSA se vivAda ke cAra aMga mAne haiM, tathA bhAvI kAla meM hone vAle vivAda ke vijaya kI icchA rakhane vAle vidvAnoM kI apekSA se bhI vivAda ke cAra aMga mAne gaye haiN| - bhAvArtha - pratyeka vAdI aura prativAdI yaha cAhatA hai ki hamArI vijaya honI cAhie aura vaha bhI jJAnI puruSoM ke smiip| ataH vivAda meM sabhya aura sabhApati kI AvazyakatA hotI hai||11-12|| "sabhA meM sthita sabhyaM puruSoM ke dvArA anumati ko prApta tattvajJAna adhika dRr3hatara ho jAtA hai| isalie vivAda meM sabhyoM kI upasthiti avazya honI caahie|" isa prakAra vAdI ke kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM- ki isa prakAra to tattvajJAna ko dRr3ha karane ke lie vItarAga vAdI-prativAdiyoM ke dvArA bhI sabhyoM kI apekSA kI jAnI caahie| arthAt sabhya puruSoM ke dvArA anumita tattvajJAna dRr3ha ho jAtA hai aura aisA hone para mahezvara ko bhI apane ziSyoM ko tattva kA pratipAdana karate samaya sabhyoM kI apekSA karanI par3egI tathA Apa jaise vidvAnoM ko bhI vyAkhyAna ke samaya sabhyoM kI upasthiti kI AvazyakatA hogii| parantu aisA ekAnta pratIta nahIM hotA hai||13-14 // yadi kaho ki - mahezvara svayaM sabhya hai, tattvoM kA yathArtha vettA hone se madhyastha hai tathA vinayI ziSyoM ke prati tattvoM kA vyAkhyAna karane vAlA hone se utkRSTa vaktA bhI hai (isalie usako sabhya kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai), taba to hama kaheMge ki anya vidvAn bhI isI prakAra prakRSTa vaktA ho jAegA / ata: tumhArA bhI prAzanako (sabhyoM) kI apekSA kA kathana vyartha hotA hai, jo ki tuma (naiyAyikoM) ne harSa ke sAtha kahA hai||15-16|| .. jisa prakAra naiyAyikoM ne eka hI Izvara ko pravaktA aura madhyastha svIkAra kiyA hai, vaise hI usako sabhApati aura pratipAdya (ziSya) kyoM nahIM svIkAra kara liyA jAtA hai? // 17 // 1. jo vAdI-prativAdI ke siddhAnta ke jJAtA haiM tathA asamIcIna pravRtti kA nirAkaraNa karake samIcIna pravRtti karAte haiM ve sabhya kahalAte haiN|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 178 mryaadaatikrmaabhaavhetutvaadbodhyshktitH| prasiddhaprabhAvAttAdRgvineyajanavaDuvam // 18 // svayaM buddhaH pravaktA syAt bodhyasaMdigdhadhIriha / tayoH kathaM sahaikatra sadbhAva iti cAkulaM // 19 // prAznikatvapravaktRtvasadbhAvasyApi haanitH| svapakSarAgaudAsInavirodhasyAnivAraNAt // 20 // pUrvaM vaktA budhaH pazcAtsabhyo na vyAhato ydi| tadA prabodhako bodhyastathaiva na virudhyate // 21 // vaktRvAkyAnuvaditA svasya syAtpratipAdakaH / tadarthaM budhyamAnastu pratipAdyonumanyatAm // 22 // tathaikAMgopi vAdaH syAccaturaMgo vizeSataH / pRthak sabhyAdibhedAnAmanapekSAcca srvdaa||23|| kyoMki sabhApati kA kArya hai maryAdA kA ullaMghana nahIM karane denA / maryAdA ke atikramaNa ke abhAva kA hetu hone se mahezvara sabhApati bhI ho sakatA hai| kyoMki sabhApati ke lie upayogI prabhAva bhI mahezvara meM prasiddha hai| tathA vinayazIla ziSya ke samAna jJAna prApta karane yogya zakti vAlA hone se ziSya bhI ho sakatA hai| tathA aise prasiddha prabhAva se yukta hone se vaha mahezvara ziSya bhI hai||18|| jo svayaMbuddha hotA hai, vaha pravaktA hotA hai aura bodha karAne yogya paThanIya viSaya meM sandehabuddhi ko dhAraNa karane vAlA ziSya hotA hai| ata: yahA~ ziSya aura guru kA eka sAtha sadbhAva kaise pAyA jA sakatA hai? yaha kathana ekAntavAdiyoM ko AkulatA kA utpAdaka hai| kyoMki eka hI Izvara vyAkhyAtA aura ziSya donoM nahIM ho sakatA hai||19|| jisa prakAra mahezvara meM pratipAdakatva aura pratipAdyatva do dharma eka sAtha nahIM rahate haiM, usI prakAra mahezvara ke prAznikatva aura pravaktRtva ke sadbhAva kI hAni (abhAva) hai| kyoMki pravaktA ko apane pakSa kA. rAga hotA hai aura prAnika jana donoM pakSoM meM udAsIna rahate haiN| ata: eka hI puruSa meM svapakSa kA rAga aura parapakSa kI udAsInatA ke virodha kA nivAraNa nahIM ho sakatA // 20 // yadi naiyAyika kaheM ki eka hI puruSa pUrva avasthA meM pravaktA hotA hai, vahI mAnava dUsare samaya meM sabhya (prAznika vA madhyastha) ho jAtA hai, isameM vyAghAta doSa nahIM AtA hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki aisA mAnane para to prabodhaka (guru) vA prabandhaka sabhApati aura bodhya (ziSya) vA prativAdI bhI eka hI puruSa ho jaayegaa| isameM bhI koI virodha nahIM AyegA arthAt isameM anekAnta kI siddhi ho jaayegii|||21|| isa kathana se eka hI vaktA (tattvoM kA vivecana karane vAlA) apane vAkyoM kA anuvAdana karane vAlA hone se pratipAdaka hai aura svayaM artha ko samajhane vAlA hone se pratipAdya (ziSya) bhI hai arthAt eka hI mAnava pratipAdya aura pratipAdaka donoM hI avasthAoM ko dhAraNa kara rahA hai, aisA mAnanA cAhie // 22 // isa prakAra eka aMga vAlA bhI cAra aMga vAlA ho jAtA hai| pRthak - pRthak vAdI, prativAdI, sabhya, sabhApati Adi bhedoM kI apekSA na hone se ekAMga vAlA bhI vAda avizeSatA se caturaMga ho jAtA hai // 23 //
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika*179 yathA vAdyAdayo loke dRzyaMte tenyabhedinaH / tathA nyAyavidAmiSTA vyavahAreSu te ydi||24|| tadA bhAvAtsvayaM vaktuH sabhyA bhinnA bhavaMtu te / sabhApatizca tadbodhyajanavaMtazca nessyte||25|| jigISAvirahAttasya tattvaM bodhayato jnaan| na sabhyAdipratIkSAsti yadi vAde kva sA bhavet // 26 // tato vAdo jigISAyAM vAdinoH sNprvrtte| sabhyApekSaNato jalpavitaMDAvaditi sphuTaM // 27 // tadapekSA ca tatrAsti jyetrvidhaantH| tadvadevAnyathA tatra sA na syaadvishesstH||28|| siddho jigISatorvAdazcaturaMgastathA sati / svAbhipretavyavasthAnAllokaprakhyAtavAdavat // 29 // jaise loka ma dUsaroM kA bheda karane vAle vAdI prativAdI Adi dekhe jAte haiM, usI prakAra nyAyazAstroM ko jAnane vAle vidvAnoM ke vyavahAroM meM bhI dUsaroM kA bheda karane vAle vAdI Adi iSTa kara liye jAte haiM, svIkAra kara liye jAte haiM arthAt jaise laukika jana kisI kAraNavaza paraspara vivAda karate haiM unameM vAdIprativAdI kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai, usI prakAra nyAyagranthoM meM bhI kisI kAraNavaza vAdI-prativAdI kI kalpanA jAtI hai| isa prakAra naiyAyika ke kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki taba to padArthoM kA svayaM vivecana karane vAle vaktA se sabhya (sabhAsada) pRthak hI hai| aura vaktA ke dvArA samajhAne yogya sabhya (vA ziSya) ke samAna sabhApati bhI bhinna honA caahie| parantu naiyAyika siddhAnta meM vAdI, prativAdI, sabhya aura sabhApati inako bhinna-bhinna svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai / / 24-25 // .. yadi naiyAyika kahe ki zrotAgaNa ko tattva kA svarUpa samajhAne vAle mahezvara ke jItane kI icchA kA abhAva hone se sabhya, sabhApati Adi kI apekSA nahIM hotI hai| isake pratyuttara meM jainAcArya kahate haiM ki taba to vivAda meM bhI sabhya, sabhApati Adi kI pratIkSA kyoM honI cAhie? parantu naiyAyika ne vAda meM sabhya sabhApati Adi ko svIkAra kiyA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki vAdI prativAdI ke paraspara jItane kI icchA hone para hI vAda pravartta hotA hai| isalie jalpa aura vitaMDA ke samAna vivAda meM bhI spaSTa rUpa se sabhya, sabhApati Adi kI apekSA hotI hai| arthAt jisa prakAra jalpa aura vitaNDA jIta ko cAhane vAle meM hI hotA hai, usI prakAra vAda bhI vijigiSu puruSoM meM hI hotA hai| isalie vItarAga kathA ko vAda nahIM kahate haiM // 26-27 // .. jalpa aura vitaMDA ke samAna jaya aura parAjaya kA vidhAna hone se vAda meM bhI sabhya, sabhApati AdikI apekSA hotI hai| anyathA (yadi vAda meM sabhya Adi kI apekSA nahIM kI jAyegI to) anyatra (jalpa aura vitaMDA meM) bhI sabhya Adi kI apekSA nahIM honI caahie| kyoMki jalpa aura vitaMDA se vAda meM koI vizeSatA nahIM hai // 28 // isalie aisA hone para anumAna se yaha siddha hotA hai ki loka prasiddha vAda (mukadamA lar3anA Adi) ke samAna jItane kI icchA rakhane vAle vAdI prativAdI meM hone vAlA vAda bhI apane abhipreta viSaya kA vyavasthApaka hone se caturaMga (vAdI, prativAdI, sabhya aura sabhApati yukta) hai||28-29||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 180 nanu ca prAznikApekSaNAvizeSepi vAdajalpavitaMDAnAM na vAdo jigISatostattvAdhyavasAyasaMrakSaNArthatvarahitatvAt / yastu jigISatorna sa tathA siddho yathA jalpo vitaMDA ca tathA vAdaH tasmAnna jigiisstoriti| na hi vAdastattvAdhyavasAyasaMrakSaNArtho bhavati jalpavitaMDayoreva tthaatvaat| tduktN| "tattvAdhyavasAyasaMrakSaNArthe jalpavitaMDe bIjaprarohasaMrakSaNArthaM kaMTaka shaakhaavrnnvditi| tadetatpralApamAnaM, vAdasyaiva tttvaadhyvsaaysNrkssnnaarthtvopptteH| tathAhi-vAda eva tattvAdhyavasAyarakSaNArthaH pramANatarkasAdhanopAlaMbhatve siddhAMtAviruddhatve paMcAvayavopapannatve ca sati pakSapratipakSaparigrahatvAt, yastu na tathA sa na yathA AkrozAdiH, naiyAyika prazna karatA hai vA kahatA hai ki yadyapi vAda, jalpa aura vitaNDA ke bIca prAznika (sabhya) puruSoM kI apekSA meM koI vizeSatA nahIM hai, tathApi vAda jItane kI icchA rakhane vAle puruSoM meM nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki vaha tattvanirNaya kI rakSA ke prayojana se rahita hai| parantu jo jItane kI icchA rakhane vAloM meM pravartta rahA hai vaha tattva nirNaya kA saMrakSaNa karane rUpa prayojana se rahita nahIM hai| jaise ki jalpa aura vitaNDA haiN| arthAt jaise jItane kI icchA se pravartta hone vAlA jalpa aura vitaNDA tattva ke nirNAyaka nahIM haiM, usI prakAra jItane kI icchA rakhane vAloM meM hone vAlA vAda bhI tattva kA nirNAyaka nahIM hai| ataH tattva kA nirNaya karane ke liye vAda nahIM hotA hai| isalie jItane kI icchA karane vAle meM hone vAlA vivAda vAda nahIM hai| vAda tattva ke nirNaya kI rakSA karane ke lie nahIM hai| parantu jalpa aura vitaNDA tattvanirNaya kI rakSA ke lie haiN| so hI nyAya granthoM meM kahA hai - ___ jalpa aura vitaNDA tattva ke nirNaya kI rakSA ke liye hotA hai| jaise ki bIja ke bone para utpanna choTe-choTe aMkuroM kI rakSA karane ke lie kaMTakAkIrNa vRkSoM kI zAkhAoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA AvaraNa (bAr3a) upayogI hotA haiN| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki naiyAyikoM kA yaha kathana kevala pralApa mAtra hai| kyoMki vAstava meM vAda ke hI tattvanirNaya ke saMrakSaNa rUpa prayojana kA sahita panA hai arthAt vAda hI tattva kA nirNAyaka ___usI ko AcArya anumAna ke dvArA siddha karate haiM- pramANa aura tarka ke dvArA svapakSa sAdhana aura parapakSa kA nirAkaraNa karane vAlA hone se, siddhAnta ke aviruddha hone se, anumAna ke pA~ca aMgoM se sahita hone se, pakSa aura pratipakSa kA grahaNa karane vAlA hone se vAda hI tattvoM ke nirNaya kI rakSA karane ke lie hotA hai| parantu jo isa prakAra tattva ke nirNaya rUpa saMrakSaka kA prayojanabhUta nahIM hai - vaha ukta hetuoM se sahita nahIM hai; jaise ronA, gAlI denA aadi| parantu vAda tattva kA nirNAyaka hai, ata: tattva ke nirNaya ke saraMkSaNArtha hai| ata: isameM anumAna pramANa rUpa yukti kA sadbhAva hai| yaha tattva saMrakSaNa rUpa hetu asiddha bhI nahIM hai| kyoMki pramANa (pramiti kA karaNa) tarka (tattvajJAna ke vicArAtmaka UhApoha) sAdhana (parapakSa kA dUSaka aura svapakSa kA sAdhaka kAraNa) kA upalaMbha siddhAnta ke aviruddha hai| anumAna ke pA~ca avayavoM pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana se sahita hai aura vivAdApanna pakSa pratipakSa kA grahaNa karane vAlA vAda kahalAtA hai arthAt yukti pratyukti sahita vacanoM kI racanA ko vAda kahate haiM, aisA nyAyasUtra kA kathana hai, vaha naiyAyikoM ke matAnusAra hI hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 181 tathA ca vAdastasmAttattvAdhyavasAyarakSaNArtha iti yuktisdbhaavaat| na tAvadayamasiddho hetuH pramANatarkasAdhanopAlaMbhaH siddhAMtAviruddhaH paMcAvayavopapannaH pakSapratipakSaparigraho vAda iti vcnaat| pakSapratipakSaparigrahAdityucyamAne jalpepi tathA syAdityavadhAraNavirodhastatparihArArthaM pramANatarkasAdhanopAlaMbhatvAdivizeSaNaM / na hi jalpe tadasti yathoktopapannachalajAtinigrahasthAnasAdhanopAlaMbho jalpa iti vcnaat| tata eva na vitaMDA tathA prasajyate pakSapratipakSaparigraharahitatvAcca / pakSapratipakSau hi vastudharmAvekAdhikaraNau viruddhau ekakAlAvanavasitau vastuvizeSau vastunaH sAmAnyenAdhigatatvAcca vizeSAvagamanimittau vivaadH| ekAdhikaraNAviti nAnAdhikaraNau vicAraM na prayojayata ubhayoH pramANenopapatteH / tadyathA-anityA buddhirnitya Atmeti aviruddhAvapyevaM vicAraM na pryojytH| yadi isa hetu meM pakSa aura pratipakSa kA grahaNa karanA mAtra kaha diyA jAtA, taba to jalpa meM bhI pakSa pratipakSa kA grahaNa hone se "vAda hI tattva kA saMrakSaka hai," isa prakAra kI avadhAraNA kA virodha AtA hai| ataH usa virodha kA parihAra karane ke lie pramANa, tarka, sAdhana, ulAhanA denA, siddhAnta se aviruddha honA Adi vizeSaNa diye gaye haiN| jalpa meM pramANa, tarka, sAdhana upAlaMbha siddhAnta se aviruddha Adi hetu ke vizeSaNa nahIM haiN| kyoMki nyAyazAstra meM kahA hai ki upari kathita vAda ke lakSaNa se yukta hai parantu chala, jAti (asat uttara denA) nigrahasthAnoM ke dvArA sAdhana kA upAlaMbha ulAhanA jisameM hote haiM vaha jalpa kahalAtA hai| arthAt jisameM chala, jAti nigraha sthAna Adi ke dvArA svapakSasAdhana aura parapakSa dUSaNa diyA jAtA hai vaha jalpa hai| tathA vitaMDA meM bhI vAda kA prasaMga nahIM A sktaa| kyoMki vitaNDA tattvoM ke nirNaya kA saMrakSaka nahIM hai| vitaNDA meM pakSa kA grahaNa aura pratipakSa kA nirAkaraNa nahIM hai| ataH jalpa aura vitaNDA se rahita vAda hI tattvoM ke nizcaya kA saMrakSaka hai| paraspara viruddha, eka adhikaraNa se yukta aura eka kAla meM rahane vAle vastu svabhAvasvarUpa pakSa pratipakSa vastuvizeSa haiM, jo vastu ke sAmAnya dharma se adhigata haiM, aura vizeSa dharma ke jAnane ke nimittabhUta hoM-aise pakSa pratipakSa meM vivAda hotA hai| arthAt jaise zabda ko vA AtmA ko sAmAnya rUpa se jJAtA draSTA jAnakara usake vizeSa nityatva anityatva Adi vizeSoM (paryAyoM) ko jAnane meM vivAda hotA hai| ve pakSa aura pratipakSa donoM eka adhikaraNa meM rahane cAhie kyoMki nAnA adhikaraNa meM sthita pakSa pratipakSa dharma vAdI prativAdI ko vicAra karane ke lie prerita nahIM karate haiM arthAt nAnA adhikaraNoM meM rahane vAle dharmoM kA vicAra (sAdhya) karanA nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki do adhikaraNoM meM pRthak-pRthak rahane vAle pakSa aura pratipakSa pramANa se siddha haiN| jaise buddhi (manovijJAna) anitya aura AtmA nitya hai, isameM anitya dharma buddhi meM hai aura nitya dharma AtmA meM hai| donoM viruddha dharmoM kA adhikaraNa bhinna hai| ataH isameM vivAda nahIM hai| parantu donoM viruddha dharmoM kA adhikaraNa jaba eka hotA hai taba usako siddha karane ke lie zAstrArtha kiyA jAtA hai| kriyAvAna pudgala hai aura akriyAvAna AkAza hai| isameM vivAda nahIM hai| aviruddha dharma bhI vivAda 1. pakSa ko kahane ko pratijJA kahate haiN| sAdhya ko siddha karane ke lie kahA gayA sAdhya kA avinAbhAvI hetu hai| usako siddha karane ke lie dRSTAnta denA udAharaNa hai| jaise parvata agnimAna hai (pratijJA) dhUmavAlA hone se (hetu) jo dhUmavAlA hai vaha agnivAlA hai, jaise rasoI ghr| pratijJA ko doharAnA upanaya hai, jaise vaha parvata bhI dhuA~ vAlA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 182 tadyathA kriyAvadravyaM guNavacceti viruddhau / tAvuktau / tathAbhinnakAlau na, vivAdAjhai yathA kriyAvadravyaM ni:kriyaM ca kAlabhede stiityekkaalaavityuktN| tathAvasitau vicAraM na prayojayete nizcayottarakAlaM vivAdAbhAvAdityanavasitau nirdissttau| evaM vizeSaNaviziSTayodharmayoH pakSapratipakSayoH parigraha itthNbhaavniymH| evaM dharmAyaM dharmI naivaM dharmeti vA so'yaM pakSapratipakSaparigraho na vitaMDAyAmasti sapratipakSasthApanArhA no vitaMDA iti vcnaat| tathA yathokto jalpaH pratipakSasthApanAhInatayA vizeSato vitaMDAtvaM prtipdyte| vaitaMDikasya ca svapakSa eva sAdhanavAdipakSApekSayA pratipakSo hastipratihastinyAyena sa ca vaitaMDiko na sAdhanaM vakti kevalaM parapakSanirAkaraNAyaiva pravartata iti vyaakhyaanaat| nanu vaitaMDikasya pratipakSAbhidhAnaH svapakSostyevAnyathA pratipakSahIna iti sUtrakAro brUyAt na tu ke yogya nahIM hai| jaise dravya kriyAvAna hai aura guNavAna hai| ye aviruddha do dharma vicAra mArga para ArUr3ha nahIM haiN| isalie viruddha dharma vAle pakSa pratipakSa sAdhya hote haiN| usI prakAra bhinna kAla meM rahane vAle viruddha do dharma bhI vivAda karane yogya nahIM haiN| jaise dravya sakriya aura niSkriya donoM prakAra ke haiN| kAla bheda hone para dravya meM sakriyatva aura niSkriyatva donoM ghaTita ho jAte haiN| isalie eka kAla kahA hai| jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra halana calana karatA huA pudgala aura jIva sakriya haiM aura zeSa cAra dravya niSkriya haiN| ataH eka kAla meM hone vAle pakSa pratipakSa meM vivAda hai| bhinna kAla meM sthita dravyoM meM vivAda nahIM hai| uttarakAla meM vivAda kA abhAva hone se nizcita padArtha vivAda ke yogya nahIM hai| isalie anizcita pakSa pratipakSa kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra ekAdhikaraNa, viruddha, ekakAla aura anizcita vizeSaNoM se viziSTa pakSa-pratipakSarUpa dharma kA parigraha (grahaNa) karanA vAda hai| isa prakAra kA niyama hai| parigraha kA artha 'isI prakAra ho sakatA hai' yaha niyama karanA hai| yaha dharma isa prakAra hai, yaha dharmI kA svarUpa hai, vaha yaha dharma isa prakAra nahIM hai| isa prakAra pakSa pratipakSa kA parigraha (UhApoha rUpa vicAra) vitaNDA meM nahIM hai arthAt prasiddha pakSa aura pakSa kA ukti-pratyuktirUpa kathana karanA vitaNDA meM nahIM hai| gautama sUtra meM vitaNDA kA lakSaNa isa prakAra likhA hai ki jalpa ko ekadeza yadi pratipakSa kI sthApanA se hIna (rahita) hotA hai to vitaNDA hotI hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki uparyukta kathanAnusAra jalpa yadi pratipakSa kI sthApanA kI hInatA ke dvArA vizeSatA ko prApta karA diyA jAtA hai to vaha jalpa vitaNDApana ko prApta ho jAtA hai| vitaNDAvAda prayojana ko siddha karane vAle vAdI kA svakIya pakSa hI sAdhanavAdI ke pakSa kI apekSA se "hasti pratihasti" nyAya ke anusAra pratipakSa samajha liyA jAtA hai| arthAt jisa prakAra lar3ane ke lie khar3A huA hastI dUsare hastI kI apekSA pratihastI mAna liyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra zabda ke anityatva ko siddha karane vAle naiyAyika ke pakSa kI apekSA jo pratipakSa zabda kA nityapanA hai vahIM naiyAyika ke pakSa kA khaNDana karane vAle vaitaNDika kA svakIya pakSa hai| ___ vaha vaitaNDika svakIya pakSa ko puSTa karane ke lie hetu yA yuktiyoM ko nahIM kahatA hai| kevala dUsaroM ke dvArA siddha kiye gaye pakSa kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie hI pravRtti karatA hai| isa prakAra vitaNDA ke lakSaNa sUtra kA kathana hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 183 pratipakSasthApanAhIna iti| na hi rAjahIno deza iti ca kazcidrAjapuruSahIna iti vakti tathAbhipretArthApratipatteriti kecit / tepi na samIcInavAcaH, pratipakSa ityanena vidhirUpeNa pratipakSahInasyArthasya vivkssittvaat| yasya hi sthApanA kriyate sa vidhirUpa: pratipakSo na punaryasya parapakSanirAkaraNasAmonnatiH sotra mukhyavidhirUpatayA vyavatiSThate tasya guNabhAvena vyvsthiteH| jalpopi kazcidevaM pratipakSasthApanAhInaH syAnnedaM nirAtmakaM jIvaccharIraM prANAdimattvaprasaMgAditi parapakSapratiSedhavacanasAmarthyAt sAtmakaM jIvaccharIramiti svapakSasya siddhervidhirUpeNa sthApanAvirahAditi cenna, niyamena pratipakSasthApanAhInatvAbhAvAjalpasya / tatra hi kadAcitsvapakSavidhAnadvAreNa . zaMkA - vitaNDA nAmaka zAstrArtha ko karane vAle vaitaNDika kA pratipakSa nAmaka svapakSa hai hii| anyathA "pratipakSa se hIna vitaNDA hai" aisA nyAya sUtrakAra kaha dete| kintu pratipakSa kI sthApanA se hIna hai, aisA nahIM kahate haiN| rAja se hIna (rahita) deza hai aisA kahane para rAjapuruSoM se deza rahita hai aisA koI nahIM kaha skte| kyoMki aisA kahane para abhipreta artha kI pratipatti nahIM hotii| arthAt jo prativAdI ke pratikUla pakSa hai, vahI vaitaNDika vAdI kA svapakSa hai| isaliye vaitaNDika ko pratipakSa kI sthApanA karane se rahita kahA hai| sarvathA vaitaNDika ko pratipakSa rahita nahIM kahA hai jaise sarva deza meM rAjA vyApaka nahIM haiM, rAjapuruSa kAma kara rahe haiN| ata: sarvathA rAja rahita deza nahIM hai - aisA koI kaha rahe haiN| - samAdhAna - jainAcArya kahate haiM ki aisA kahane vAlA vidvAn bhI samIcIna vaktA nahIM hai| kyoMki "pratipakSa' isa vidhi rUpa se pratipakSa hIna artha kI vivakSA hai; jisakI sthApanA kI jAtI hai vaha vidhi rUpa pratipakSa hai, parantu punaH jisakA parapakSa ke nirAkaraNa ke sAmarthya se unnayana kara liyA jAtA hai arthAt arthApattijJAna se jisakA jJAna ho jAtA hai, vaha mukhya rUpa se yahA~ vyavasthita nahIM hai, apitu gauNa rUpa se vyavasthita hai| ... - koI vidvAn kahate haiM ki jalpa bhI pratipakSa kI sthApanA se hIna hai| jaise yaha jIvita zarIra AtmA rahita nahIM hai, zvAsocchvAsa Adi pramANa vAlA hone se| vA prANatva kA prasaMga hone se| kyoMki jIva rahita zarIra meM zvAsocchvAsa Adi pramANa nahIM hote| isa prakAra parapakSa kA niSedha karane vAle vacana ke sAmarthya se hI jIvita zarIra sAtmaka hai, isa prakAra svapakSa kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| parantu svataMtra vidhirUpa se jalpavAdiyoM ke pakSa kI sthApanA nahIM hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki aisA kahanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki niyama rUpa se jalpavAdI ke pratipakSa kI sthApanA se rahitapanA nahIM hai| arthAt vitaNDA svakIya pakSa kI sthApanA se rahita hai parantu jalpa pakSa kI sthApanA rahita nahIM hai| kyoMki jalpa meM kadAcit svapakSa ke vidhAna dvArA parapakSa kA pratiSedha kara diyA jAtA hai aura kabhI parapakSa ke niSedha se svapakSa kA vidhAna iSTa kiyA gayA hai| kintu vitaNDA meM isa prakAra nahIM hai| kyoMki vitaNDA meM sarvadA parapakSa ke niSedha kA hI niyama hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 184 parapakSapratiSedhaH kadAcitparapakSapratiSedhadvAreNa svapakSavidhAnamiSyate naivaM vitaMDAyAM parapakSapratiSedhasyaiva sarvadA tatra niymaat| nanvevaM pratipakSopi vidhirUpo vitaMDAyAM nAstIti pratipakSahIna ityeva vaktavyaM sthApanAhIna ityasyApi tathA'siddheH, sthApyamAnasyAbhAve sthApanAyAH saMbhavAyogAditi cenna; anissttprsNgaat| sarvathA pratipakSahInasyArthasyAniSTasya prasaktau ca yathA vitaMDAyAM sAdhyanirdezAbhAvastasya cetasi parisphuraNAbhAvazca tathArthApattyApi gamyamAnasya pratipakSasyAbhAva iti vyAhatiH syAdvacanasya gamyamAnasvapakSAbhAve parapakSapratiSedhasya bhaavivirodhaat| pratipakSasthApanAhIna iti vacane tu na virodhaH sarvazUnyavAdinAM parapakSapratiSedhe sarvaH zUnyamiti svapakSagamyamAnasya bhAvepi sthApanAyA gamyamAnAyAstadvadbhAvAbhAve vA shuunytaavyaaghaataat| tarhi pratipakSahInamapi vA prayojanArthamarthitvena tamabhyupeyAdityatrApi pratipakSahInamapi ceti vaktavyaM, sarvathA pratipakSahInavAdasyAsaMbhavAditi cet / ka evaM vyAcaSTe sarvapratipakSahInamiti? parata: pratijJAmupAditsamAnastattvabubhutsAprakAzanena svapakSaM vacanatonavasthApayatsvadarza sAdhayediti vyAkhyAnAt tatra ___ zaMkA - isa prakAra vitaNDA meM vidhirUpa pratipakSa nahIM hai isalie ise pratipakSahIna hI kahanA caahie| kyoMki "sthApanA hIna hai" isa prakAra ke kathana kI bhI asiddhi hai kyoMki sthApanA karane yogya padArtha kA abhAva hone para sthApanA kI saMbhAvanA karanA yukta nahIM hai| ___samAdhAna - jainAcArya kahate haiM ki aisA kahanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki aisA mAnane para aniSTa.kA prasaMga AtA hai| kAraNa ki sarvathA pratipakSa se hIna aniSTa artha kA prasaMga prApta hone para jaise vitaNDA meM apane sAdhya ho rahe dharma ke nirdeza kA abhAva hai, aura usa sAdhya kI mana meM sphUrti hone kA abhAva hai| ___ usI prakAra arthApatti ke dvArA gamyamAna pratipakSa kA abhAva hai| ata: vyAghAta doSa AtA hai| yadi arthApatti se jAnane yogya svarUpa ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAyegA, to parapakSa ke niSedha kA bhAvI virodha AtA hai| "pratipakSa kI sthApanA se hIna hai" - isa prakAra ke kathana meM koI virodha nahIM hai| sarva zUnyavAdiyoM ke dvArA pramANa, prameya Adi ko mAnane vAle dUsare vidvAnoM ke pakSa kA niSedha kiye jAne para yadyapi zUnyavAdiyoM ke "sampUrNa jagat zUnya hai" "ni:svabhAva hai" isa prakAra gamyamAna nijapakSa kA sadbhAva hai, tathApi, gamyamAna sthApanA kA usa svapakSa ke samAna yadi sadbhAva nahIM mAnA jAtA hai to zUnyatA kA bhI vyAghAta ho jAtA hai| prayojana ko siddha karane ke lie, prayojana kI siddhi ke icchukoM (puruSoM) ko pratipakSahInatA bhI svIkAra kara lenA caahie| isa prakAra yahA~ para bhI pratipakSa se hIna hai - aisA kahanA caahie| sarvathA pratipakSahIna vAda kI asaMbhavatA hai| aisA kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki isa prakAra kauna kaha rahA hai ki sabhI prakAra pratipakSoM se hIna vitaNDA honA cAhie? paravAdI se pratijJA ko grahaNa karane kI icchA rakhane vAlA vaitaMDika tattva ko jAnane kI icchA kA prakAzana karake svakIya pakSa ko vacanoM ke dvArA vyavasthApita nahIM karatA huA apane siddhAnta darzana kI siddhi karAtA hai (karatA hai)| isa prakAra ke vyAkhyAna se vitaNDA meM bhI gamyamAna svapakSa kA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai| anyathA isa prakAra apane vyAkhyAna se svapakSa kI sthApanA nahIM karatA hai aisA mAnane para 'svapakSa ko vyavasthApita nahIM karatA hai'- bhASyakAra ke ina vacanoM kA virodha AtA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 185 gamyamAnasya svapakSasya bhAvAt, svapakSamanavasthApayanniti bhASyakAravacanasyAnyathA virodhaat| kutonyathA bhASyakArasyaivaM vyAkhyAnamiticet, sarvathA svapakSahInasya vAdasya jalpavitaMDAvadasaMbhavAdeva kathamevaM vAdajalpayorvitaMDAto bheda:? pratipakSasthApanAhInatvAvizeSAditi cet, uktamatra niyamataH pratipakSasthApanAyA hInA vitaMDA, kadAcittayA hInau vaadjlpaaviti| kevalaM vAdaH pramANatarkasAdhanopalaMbhatvAdivizeSaNaH pakSapratipakSaparigrahaH / jalpastu chalajAtinigrahasthAnasAdhanopAlaMbhazca yathoktopapannazceti vitaMDAto vishissyte| tadevaM pakSapratipakSaparigrahasya jalpe satopi pramANatarkasAdhanopalaMbhatvAdivizeSaNAbhAvAdvitaMDAyAmasattvAcca na jalpavitaMDayostattvAdhyavasAyasaMrakSaNArthatvasiddhiH prakRtasAdhanAdyeneSTavighAtakArIdaM syAdaniSTasya sAdhanAditi bhAvArtha - vAtsyAyana RSi ne apane sUtra meM kahA hai ki "dUsare vAdI ke sAdhya kA niSedha karanA svarUpa vAkya hI vaitaNDika kA pakSa hai| vaha vaitaMDika kisI sAdhya vizeSa kI pratijJA kara sthApanA nahIM karatA hai arthAt svakIya pakSa kI sthApanA nahIM karatA hai| apanI pratijJA ko bhI grahaNa nahIM karatA hai, tattva ko jAnane kI icchA bhI prakaTa nahI karatA hai| kevala, dUsare ke pakSa kA khaNDana karanA hI (jisakA) kArya hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki vitaNDA sarvathA pratipakSa kI siddhi se rahita nahIM hai| ___zaMkA - anyathA (vitaNDA meM pratipakSa kI siddhi hone para) bhASyakAra kA isa prakAra vyAkhyAna kaise siddha ho sakatA hai? samAdhAna - jainAcArya kahate haiM ki jalpa aura vitaNDA ke samAna sarvathA svapakSahIna vAda kI asaMbhavatA hai arthAt jaise jalpa aura vitaNDA meM svapakSa vidyamAna hai usI prakAra vAda meM bhI svapakSa kA astitva hai| prazna - isa prakAra svapakSa ke hone para vitaNDA se jalpa aura vAda kA bheda kaise ho sakegA? kyoMki pratikUla pakSa kI sthApanA se rahitapane kI apekSA ina tInoM meM samAnatA hai (koI vizeSatA nahIM hai|) uttara - jainAcArya kahate haiM ki isa viSaya meM pUrva meM hI kaha diyA gayA hai ki niyama (nizcaya) se vitaNDA pratipakSa kI sthApanA se rahita hI hai| parantu vAda aura jalpa kabhI-kabhI pratipakSa kI sthApanA se rahita hote haiN| kevala (akele) vAda pramANa, tarka, sAdhana kA upalaMbhatvAdi vizeSaNoM se yukta hai aura vaha vAda pakSa aura pratipakSa kA grahaNa karane vAlA hai| arthAt vAda pramANa aura tarka ke dvArA svapakSa kI sthApanA aura pratipakSa kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai| parantu jalpa to chala, jAti aura nigraha sthAnoM ke dvArA sAdhana karanA, upAlaMbha (ulAhanA) denA Adi se yukta hai| ata: yathokta (uparikathita) vizeSaNoM se yukta vitaNDA se jalpa aura vAda meM vizeSatA hai| isa prakAra yadyapi jalpa meM pakSa aura pratipakSa ke grahaNa rUpa vAda kA lakSaNa vidyamAna . hai, tathApi pramANa aura tarka ke dvArA vastu ko siddha karanA, viparIta hone para ulAhanA denA, siddhAnta ke aviruddha honA Adi vizeSaNoM kA abhAva hone se vitaNDA meM vAda kA sattva (astitva) nahIM hai| isalie prakRta hetu ke dvArA jalpa aura vitaNDA meM tattvanirNaya ke saraMkSakapane kI asiddhi hai| arthAt jalpa aura vitaNDA meM hetuoM ke dvArA tattva kA nirNaya nahIM hotA hai jisase ki aniSTa kA sAdhana hone se yaha hetu iSTa
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 186 vAda eva tattvAdhyavasAyasaMrakSaNArthatvAjigISatoryukto na jalpavitaMDe tAbhyAM tattvAdhyavasAyasaMrakSaNAsaMbhavAt / paramArthataH khyaatilaabhpuujaavt| tattvasyAdhyavasAyo hi tattvanizcayastasya saMrakSaNaM nyAyabalAtsakalabAdhaka nirAkaraNena punastatra bAdhaka mudbhAvayato yathAkathaMcinnirmukhIkaraNaM capeTAdibhistatpakSanirAkaraNasyApi tattvAdhyavasAyasaMrakSaNatvaprasaMgAt / na ca jalpavitaMDAbhyAM tatra sakalabAdhakapariharaNaM chalajAtyAdhupakramaparAbhyAM saMzayasya viparyAsasya vA jnnaat| tattvAdhyavasAye satyapi hi vAdinaH paranirmukhIkaraNe pravRttau prAznikAstatra saMzerate viparyayasyanti vA kimasya tattvAdhyavasAyosti kiM vA naastiiti| nAstyeveti vA paranirmukhIkaraNamAtre tattvAdhyavasAyarahitasyApi pravRttidarzanAttattvopaplavavAdivat sAdhya kA vighAtaka ho ske| isalie vAda hI tattva nirNaya ke saMrakSaNArtha (tattva kA nirNaya karane ke lie) upayogI hone se jItane kI icchA rakhane vAle puruSoM meM pravartta rahA hai| arthAt jalpa aura vitaNDA tattvanirNAyaka nahIM haiN| isalie tattva kA nirNaya karane vAle jijJAsuoM kI jalpa aura vitaNDA meM pravRtti nahIM hotI hai, jaise vidvAnoM meM prakRSTa vidvattA kI prasiddhi paramArthataH khyAti pUjA lAbha Adi se nahIM hotI hai| athavA jaise jalpa aura vitaNDA se khyAti pUjA lAbha kI prApti nahIM hotI hai-usI prakAra jalpa aura vitaNDA ke dvArA tattva kA nirNaya nahIM hotA hai| ata: ukta hetu vAda hI meM ThaharatA hai| nizcaya se tattva kA adhyavasAya hI tattva kA nirNaya hai (nizcaya hai)| nyAya (pramANa aura naya) ke bala se athavA pramANa aura naya ke dvArA arthaparIkSaNa rUpa nyAya ke sAmarthya se sampUrNa bAdhakoM (bAdhaka pramANoM) kA nirAkaraNa kara denA hI tattva kA saMrakSaNa hai| kintu punaH yathAkathaMcit (anyAya yA anucita) mArga kA anusaraNa karake bAdhaka pramANoM kA udbhAvana karane vAle prativAdI kA mukha banda kara denA tattva kA saMrakSaNa nahIM hai| yadi kisI kA mukha banda kara denA hI tattvanirNaya kA saraMkSaNa mAna liyA jAe to thappar3a mAranA Adi ke dvArA vAdI ke pakSa ke nirAkaraNa karane ke bhI tattvanirNaya tathA, tattva ke saMrakSaNa kA prasaMga aayegaa| arthAt pramANa ke dvArA sakala bAdhAoM kA nirAkaraNa karane para hI tattva kA nirNaya hotA hai aura tattva kI rakSA hotI hai| jisa kisI prakAra se kisI kA mukha banda kara dene se tattva kA nirNaya nahIM hotA chala, jAti (asamIcIna uttara), nigraha karanA Adi upakrama vAle jalpa aura vitaNDA ke dvArA pakSa meM Agata sakala bAdhakoM kA parihAra nahIM ho sktaa| jalpa aura vitaNDA saMzaya aura viparyaya jJAna ke utpAdaka haiM ataH tattva kA nirNaya karane vAle nahIM haiN| kyoMki tattva kA nirNaya ho jAne para bhI vAdI kI dUsare (prativAdI) kA jisa kisI anyAya mArga se mukha banda karane kI pravRtti hone para prAznika (prazna karane vAle) sabhya puruSa usa viSaya meM saMzaya karane laga jAte haiM ki isa vAdI ke tattva kA nirNaya hai yA nahIM? athavA sabhya puruSa viparIta ho jAte haiM ki isa vAdI ko tattva kA nirNaya hai hI nhiiN| kyoMki isa vAdI kI tattva nirNaya se rahita kevala svapakSa siddhi karane vAle prativAdI kA mukha banda karane meM hI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 187 tathA cAkhyAtireva prekSAvatsu asya syAditi kutaH pUjAlAbho vA? tatazcaivaM vaktavyaM vAdo jigISatoreva tattvAdhyavasAyasaMrakSaNArthatvAdanyathA tadanupapatteH / parAbhyupagamamAtrAjjalpavitaMDAvattvAt nigrahasthAnavattvAcca / na hi vAde nigrahasthAnAni na sNti| siddhAMtAviruddhaH ityanenApasiddhAMtasya paMcAvayavopapanna ityatra paMcagrahaNAnnyUnAdhikayoravayavopapannagrahaNAddhetvAbhAsapaMcakasya pratipAdanAdaSTAnAM nigrahasthAnAnAM tatra jaise tattvoM kA upaplava (abhAva) mAnane vAle vAdI kI svayaM tattva kA nirNaya nahIM hote hue bhI pratipakSI ke mukha banda karane kI pravRtti hotI hai| yahI dUsare kA mukha banda karane kA prayatna jalpa ora vitaNDA meM hotA hai| tathA vicArazIla puruSoM meM isakI (jalpa ora vitaNDA kI) akhyAti (nindA) hI hotI hai| isalie jalpa aura vitaNDA meM pUjAlAbha-satkAra kaise prApta ho sakatA hai? isa kathana se yaha siddha hotA hai ki tattvasaraMkSaNa va tattvanirNaya kA kAraNa hone se tattva ko jAnane kI vA jItane kI icchA vAle do vAdI prativAdI meM vAda kI pravRtti hotI hai| anyathA (yadi tattvoM kA nirNaya karane kI icchA nahIM hai to) vAda kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai| jaise dUsare naiyAyikoM dvArA svIkRta jalpa aura vitaNDA nigrahasthAna kA kAraNa hone se tattva ke nirNAyaka nahIM haiM, ata: unako vAda nahIM kaha skte| vAda meM nigraha sthAna (tiraskAra vardhaka) nahIM hote haiM, aisA nahIM hai arthAt vAda meM bhI vAdI prativAdiyoM ke dvArA tiraskAra-vardhaka yA parAjaya-sUcaka nigrahasthAna hote haiN| ata: vAda eka dUsare ko jItane kI icchA rakhane vAloM meM hotA hai| __ vAda meM "siddhAnta aviruddha" yaha pada par3A huA hai| isase vAda meM apasiddhAnta kA nigraha sthAna hai arthAt vAda meM siddhAnta ke aviruddha apasiddhAnta kA nigraha kiyA jAtA hai| vAda ke lakSaNa meM "paMcAvayavopapanna" - isa vizeSaNa se nyUna aura adhika nAmaka nigraha sthAna kahA gayA hai arthAt "paMcAvayavopapanna" pA~ca avayavoM se sahita pA~coM hetvAbhAsa nAmaka nigrahasthAna vAda meM niyamita kahe gaye haiN| isa prakAra vAda meM ATha nigraha sthAna kahe gaye haiN| bhAvArtha : vAda siddhAnta ke aviruddha hotA hai, ata: jo vAdI prativAdI siddhAnta ke viruddha bolatA hai vaha apasiddhAnta nAmaka nigraha sthAna hai| pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa (dRSTAnta), upanaya aura nigamana ye pA~ca anumAna ke aMga haiN| inameM se nyUnAdhika karanA pA~coM aMgoM kA prayoga nahIM karanA nyUnAdhika nAmaka nigraha sthAna hai| inameM se eka kama bolane para nyUna aura adhika bolane se adhika nAmaka nigraha sthAna hai| yadi pratijJA nahIM kahI jAtI hai to AzrayAsiddha hetvAbhAsa nAmaka nigraha sthAna hotA hai| yadi hetu nahIM kahA jAtA hai to svarUpAsiddha hetvAbhAsa nAmaka nigraha sthAna hotA hai| anvayadRSTAnta nahIM kahane para viruddha hetvAbhAsa nigraha sthAna hotA hai| vyatireka dRSTAnta nahIM kahane para anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa nigraha sthAna hai| upanaya ke nahIM hone para bAdhita hetvAbhAsa nAmaka nigraha sthAna hotA hai| nigamana se yukta nahIM hone para satpratipakSa nAmaka nigraha sthAna hotA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 188 niymvyaakhyaanaat| nanu vAde satAmapi nigrahasthAnAnAM nigrahabuddhyodbhAvanAbhAvAnna jigISAsti / taduktaM tarkazabdena bhUtapUrvagatinyAyena vItarAgakathAtvajJApanAdudbhAvaniyamo labhyate tena siddhaaNtaaviruddhH| paMcAvayavopapanna iti cottarapadayoH samastanigrahasthAnAdhupalakSaNArthatvAdeva vAde'pramANabuddhyA pareNa chalajAtinigrahasthAnAni prayuktAni na nigrahabuddhyodbhAvyate kiM tu nivAraNabuddhyA tattvajJAnAyAvayavayoH pravRttirna ca sAdhanAbhAso dUSaNAbhAvo vA tattvajJAnaheturato na tatprayogo yuktaH iti| tadetadasaMgataM / jalpavitaMDayorapi tathodbhAvananiyamaprasaMgAttayostattvAdhyavasAyasaMrakSaNAya svayamabhyupagamAt / tasya chalajAtinigrahasthAnaiH kartumazakyatvAt / parasya tUSNIM bhAvArthaM jalpavitaMDayozchalAdyudbhAvanamiti cenna, tathA parasya isa prakAra apasiddhAnta, nyUna, adhika aura pA~ca hetvAbhAsa aise ATha nigraha sthAnoM kA kathana huaa| jItane kI icchA rakhane vAle vAdI, prativAdI, eka dUsare para ye pA~ca nigraha sthAna uThA sakate haiN| ataH jigISu puruSoM meM hI vAda hotA hai| naiyAyika kahatA hai ki yadyapi vAda meM ATha nigraha sthAnoM kA sadbhAva hai tathApi paraspara meM nigraha buddhi ke dvArA nigraha sthAnoM kA uThAnA nahIM hone se vahA~ paraspara meM jItane kI icchA nahIM hai| vahI nyAya granthoM meM likhA hai ki tarka zabda ke dvArA bhUtapUrva kA jJAna honA isa nyAya se vAda meM vItarAgakathApana kA jJApaka hone se nigraha sthAnoM ke udbhAva kA niyama prApta ho jAtA hai| isalie "pramANa tarka sAdhanopAlaMbha" ke uttara meM sthita "siddhAntAviruddha" aura "paMcAvayavopapanna" ina donoM padoM ke dvArA sampUrNa nigrahasthAna, chala, jAti, Adi kA upalakSaNarUpa prayojanasahitapanA hai| isalie vAda meM apramANapane kI buddhi se dUsaroM ke prati chala, jAti aura nigraha sthAnoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| dUsare (vAdI) kA nigraha karane ke lie chala, jAti Adi kA udbhAvana nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| kintu doSoM ke nivAraNa kI sadvicArabuddhi se tattvajJAna ke avayavoM meM vAdI, prativAdI kI pravRtti hotI hai| dUsare ke hetu ko hetvAbhAsa banA denA athavA apane hetu meM dUSaNaM nahIM Ane denA hamArA lakSya nahIM hai| hetvAbhAsa kara denA yA dUSaNa nahIM Ane denA koI tattva jJAna kA kAraNa nahIM hai| isalie chala, jAti, nigrahasthAna Adi kA prayoga karanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| bhAvArtha - vItarAga kathA meM "yahA~ yaha honA cAhie, yaha nahI honA cAhie" - isa prakAra tattvajJAna ke lie kiyA gayA vicAra tarka hai| vimarSaNa kara pakSa pratipakSoM ke dvArA artha kA avadhAraNa karanA nirNaya hai| tarka aura nirNaya ke samaya kiyA gayA vicAra jaise vItarAgatA kA kAraNa hai, vaise hI vAda meM vItarAga kathA kA vicAra hotA hai| usameM vItarAgatA ke lie hI chala Adi kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| hArajIta ke lie nigraha sthAna Adi kA prayoga nahIM hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki yaha naiyAyika kA kathana pUrvAparasaMgati se rahita hai| kyoMki jalpa aura vitaNDA meM bhI nigraha buddhi se chala, jAti Adi kA prayoga nahIM hai, apitu tattva ke nirNaya ke lie hI chalAdi nigraha sthAnoM kA prayoga karane ke niyama kA prasaMga hai| kyoMki naiyAyikoM ne jalpa aura vitaNDA ko tattva nirNaya kI saraMkSA karane ke lie svIkAra kiyA hai| chala,jAti aura nigraha sthAna ke dvArA tattvaM nirNaya karanA zakya nahIM hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 189 tUSNIbhAvAsaMbhavAdasaduttarANAmAnaMtyAnyAyabalAdeva prniraakrnnsNbhvaat| soya paranirAkaraNAyAnyayogavyavacchedenAvyavasitAdyanujJAnaM tattvaviSayaprajJApAripAkAdi ca phalamabhipretya vAdaM kurvan paraM nigrahasthAnairnirAkarotIti kathamaviruddhavAk nyAyena prativAdinaH svAbhiprAyAnnivartanasyaiva nigrahatvAdalAbhe vA tato nigrahatvAyogAt / taduktaM / "AstAM tAvadalAbhAdirayameva hi nigrhH| nyAyena vijigISUNAM svaabhipraaynivrtnm||" iti siddhametat jigISatorvAdo nigrhsthaanvttvaanythaanupptteriti| sa ca caturaMga: svaabhipretsvvyvsthaanphltvaallokprkhyaatvaadvt| tathAhi maryAdAtikrama loke yathA haMti mhiiptiH| tathA zAstrepyahaMkAragrastayorvAdino: kvacit / 30 / "dUsaroM ko cupa karane ke lie jalpa aura vitaNDA meM chala, jAti Adi kA udbhAvana kiyA jAtA hai"- aisA kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki usa prakAra chalAdi ke dvArA dUsaroM ko cupa kara denA saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki asamIcIna uttara ananta haiN| ___ nyAya ke sAmarthya se hI dUsare kA nirAkaraNa karanA saMbhava hai| so vaha prasiddha naiyAyika dUsaroM kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie anya ke yoga ke vyavaccheda dvArA anirNIta, saMdigdha, viparyasta Adi kA jJAna honA aura jAne gaye tAttvika viSayoM meM prajJA kA paripAka, dRr3hatA Adi ho jAne rUpa phala kA nizcaya karake vAda ko kahane vAlA prativAdI hI nigraha sthAnoM ke dvArA vAdI kA nirAkaraNa kara sakatA hai| aisA kahane vAlA naiyAyika pUrvApara aviruddha bolane vAlA kaise jAnA jA sakatA hai? nyAya ke sAmarthya se prativAdI kI sva abhiprAya se nivRtti karA denA hI nigraha sthAna hai| yadi apane AgrahIta abhiprAyoM se nivRtta karAkara vAdI prativAdI ko apane samIcIna siddhAntoM kA lAbha nahIM karA detA hai to ina chala AdikoM se usa prativAdI kA nigraha kisI bhI prakAra nahIM ho sakatA hai| granthoM meM bhI likhA hai ki - lAbha, satkAra, prasiddhi Adi kA nahIM honA to dUra rahA, (arthAt) jItane kI icchA rakhane vAloM ko lAbha, satkAra Adi to prApta hotA hI nahIM hai, kisI eka kA kisI eka ke dvArA nyAya paddhati se niyamapUrvaka svakIya abhiprAyoM se nivRtta karA denA hI nigraha hai| isase yaha siddhAnta siddha hotA hai ki vAda jItane kI icchA rakhane vAle vidvAnoM meM hI hotA hai| anyathA (jItane kI icchA ke binA) nigraha sthAna nahIM ho sktaa| ___isa prakAra aTThAIsavIM vArtika ke anusAra vaha vAda lokaprasiddha vAda ke samAna svakIya abhiprAya ke anusAra apane pakSa kI vyavasthA kara dene rUpa phala sahita hone se sabhya, sabhApati, vAdI aura prativAdI, ina aMgoM sahita hotA hai| ... arthAt jaise nyAyAdhIza (sabhApati), sAkSI yA darzaka (sabhya), vAdI aura prativAdI ina aMgoM sahita laukika vAda (mukadamA) calatA hai| jisa prakAra loka meM rAjA maryAdA kA ullaMghana karane vAle vAdI-prativAdI ko daNDita karatA hai, unheM daNDa detA hai, usI prakAra zAstra meM (zAstrIya carcA meM) bhI ahaMkAra se grasita vAdI prativAdI kI maryAdA ke atikramaNa kA (maryAdA ke ullaMghana kA) sabhApati nAza karatA hai arthAt sabhApati maryAdA kA ullaMghana karane vAle vAdI prativAdI ko daNDita karatA hai|||30||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 190 vAdinorvAdanaM vAdaH samarthe hi sbhaaptau| samarthayoH samartheSu prAznikeSu pravartate // 31 // sAmarthyaM punarIzasya zaktitrayamudAhRtam / yena svamaMDalasyAjJA vidheyatvaM prasiddhyati // 32 // maMtrazaktyA prabhustAvatsvalokAn samayAnapi / dharmanyAyena saMrakSeviplavAtsAdhusAt sudhI: 33 // prabhusAmarthyato vApi durlNghyaatmblairpi| svotsAhazaktito vApi daMDanItividAMvaraH // 34 // rAgadveSavihInatvaM vAdini prativAdini / nyAye'nyAye ca tadvattvaM sAmarthya prAznikeSvadaH // 35 // siddhAMtadvayaveditvaM proktaarthgrhnntvtaa| pratibhAdiguNatvaM ca tattvanirNayakAritA // 36 // jyetrvyvsthaayaamnythaandhikaartaa| sabhyAnAmAtmanaH patyuryazo dharmaM ca vaaNchtH||37|| kumaarnNdincaahurvaadnyaayvickssnnaaH| rAjaprAznikasAmarthyamevaMbhUtamasaMzayam // 38 // svakIya-svakIya yogya sAmarthya se yukta vAdI-prativAdiyoM kA vAda to sAmarthyayukta sabhApati tathA tattvajJAna sAmarthya yukta prAznikoM (prazna karane vAle sabhyapuruSoM) ke hone para hI hotA hai||31|| . sabhApati kA sAmarthya maMtrazakti, prabhuzakti aura utsAha zakti ina tIna zakti rUpa kahA gayA hai| jisa zaktitraya ke sAmarthya se sabhApati kA apane maMDala para AjJA kA vidheyatva guNa (AjJA ke anusAra vidhAna karane yogya guNa) prasiddha ho jAtA hai||32|| ___ maMtrazakti ke dvArA sabhApati dharma nyAya ke dvArA apane sAdharmI logoM kI, apane siddhAntoM kI aura upasargoM se pIr3ita sAdhuoM kI rakSA karatA hai|33|| prabhutva zakti se sabhApati alaMghanIya, duHsAdhya laMghanIya svakIya bala ke dvArA svavarga aura svadharma aura sAdhu saMtoM kI rakSA karatA hai| daMDanIti ko jAnane vAloM meM zreSTha sabhApati tIsarI utsAha zakti ke dvArA dharma aura dharmAtmAoM kI rakSA karatA hai, tathA apane anuzAsana se unako sanmArga para lagAtA hai // 34 // prAznikoM meM vAdI aura prativAdI ke prati rAga - dveSa nahIM honA, nyAya-anyAya meM nyAya ko nyAya aura anyAya ko anyAya kahane kA sAmarthya yukta honA, vAdI - prativAdI ina donoM ke siddhAntoM ko jAnane vAlA honA, vAdI aura prativAdI ke dvArA kathita artha kA grAhakatva, nava-nava unmeSa zAlinI buddhi nipuNatA Adi guNoM se yukta honA aura tattvoM kA nirNaya karanA Adi zaktiyA~ honI caahie| anyathA (yadi ina zaktiyoM meM se prAznika meM kisI zakti kA abhAva hai to) jaya aura parAjaya kI vyavasthA meM anadhikAratA hogI arthAt aisA sabhya jaya, parAjaya kI vyavasthA karAne meM yA jaya parAjaya kA nirNaya karane meM samartha nahIM ho sakatA / svakIya yaza aura dharma ko, tathA sabhApati ke yaza aura dharma ko cAhane vAle sabhyoM ko (sabhAsada puruSoM ko) ukta prakAra ke guNoM se yukta honA paramAvazyaka hai||35-36-37|| vAda aura nyAya meM vicakSaNa (catura) kumAranandI AcArya rAjA (sabhApati) aura prAznika (sabhya) puruSoM ke upari kathita sAmarthya ko saMzaya rahita kahate haiM arthAt ina donoM meM yaha sAmarthya honA hI caahie||38||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 191 ekataH kArayetsabhyAn vAdinAmekataH prbhuH| pazcAdabhyarNakAn vIkSyaM prmaanngunndossyoH||39|| laukikArthavicAreSu na tathA prAznikA yathA / zAstrIyArthavicAreSu vA tajjJAH prAznikA yathA40 satyasAdhanasAmarthyasaMprakAzanapATavaH / vAdyajeyo vijetA no sadonmAdena kevalam ||41||iti samarthasAdhanAkhyAnaM sAmarthya vAdino mataM / sA tvavazyaM ca saamrthyaadnythaanuppnntaa||42|| saddoSodbhAvanaM vApi sAmarthya prativAdinaH / dUSaNasya ca sAmarthya pratipakSavighAtitA // 43 // nanu yathA sabhApateH prAznikAnAM ca sAmarthyamaviruddhamuktaM vAdinoH sAdhanadUSaNayozca parasparavyAghAtAt / tathAhi-yadi vAdinaH samyaksAdhanavacanaM sAmarthyaM sAdhanasya cAnyathAnupapannatvaM tadA kathaM tatra prativAdinaH saddoSodbhAvanaM sAmarthya saMsAdhyaM dUSaNasya ca pakSavighAtitAvatkathamitaraditi parasparavyAhataM pazyAmaH / prabhu (sabhApati) eka tarapha sabhyoM (sabhAsadoM) ko biThAtA hai aura eka tarapha vAdI evaM prativAdI ko| usake bAda samIpavartI darzakoM ko biThAtA hai| taba vAdI aura prativAdI ke guNa doSoM meM pramANa ko samajhatA hai||39|| .. jaise lokasambandhI arthoM ke vicAroM meM prAznika hote haiM, vaise prAznika zAstra sambandhI artha ke vicAroM meM nahIM hote hai| parantu zAstrArtha ke vicAra karane meM usa viSaya ko yathA yogya paripUrNa jAnane vAle puruSa madhyastha hote haiN|||40|| - satya (samIcIna) sAdhana (hetu) ke sAmarthya ke saMprakAzana meM dakSa vAdI vidvAn ajeya hotA hai aura dUsaroM ko jItane vAlA hotA hai| kevala citta ke vibhrama se sadA vAdI vijetA nahIM hotA hai||41|| samartha sAdhana kA kathana karanA hI vAdI kA sAmarthya mAnA gayA hai aura hetu kA sAmarthya sAdhyake sAtha anyathA anupapatti honA hai| vaha anyathA anupapatti honA atyAvazyaka hai arthAt anyathAnupapatti ke binA sAdhana kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai||42|| samIcIna doSoM kI udbhAvanA karanA prativAdI kA sAmarthya hai tathA pratipakSa kA vighAta karanA dUSaNa kA sAmarthya hai||43|| jisa prakAra sabhApati aura prAznikoM (sabhyoM) kA sAmarthya eka dUsare ke aviruddha kahA gayA hai, vaise vAdI aura prativAdiyoM kI zakti aviruddha nahIM hai| kyoMki, vAdI kA sAmarthya samIcIna sAdhana ke dvArA sAdhya ko siddha karanA hai aura prativAdI kA sAmarthya hai, usameM samIcIna dUSaNa denA / parantu yadi vAdI prativAdI kI zakti viruddha nahIM hogI to ina donoM ke sAmarthya kA paraspara vyAghAta ho jAtA hai| usI ko kahate haiM - yadi vAdI kA anyathAnupapannatva sAdhana kA sAmarthya samIcIna hetu kA kathana hai to usameM prativAdI kA samIcIna doSoM kA udbhAvana karane kA sAmarthya kaise saMsAdhya ho sakatA hai? tathA dUSaNa ke sAmarthya meM pratipakSa kA vighAtakapanA bhI kaise sAdhA jAyegA? isalie yaha nahIM hai', 'vaha nahIM hai', - isa prakAra paraspara meM vyAghAta ko prApta hotA dekha rahe haiN| tathA vAdI, prativAdI, sabhya, sabhApati, meM se kisI eka ke asamartha hone para
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika *192 tadanyatamAsamarthatve vA yathA samarthe sabhApatau prAznikeSu vacanaM vAdastathA samarthayorvAdiprativAdinoH sAdhanadUSaNayozceti vyAkhyAnamanupapannamAyAtamiti kazcit / tdst| vAdiprativAdinoH sAdhanadUSaNavacane kramataH pravRttau virodhaabhaavaat| pUrvaM tAvadvAdI svadarzanAnusAritayA samarthaH sAdhanaM samarthamupanyasyati pazcAtprativAdI svadarzanAlaMbanena doSodbhAvanasamarthasaddUSaNaM tatsAmarthya pratipakSavighAtitA na virudhyte|| kA punariyaM pratipakSavighAtitetyAhasA pakSAMtarasiddhirvA sAdhanAzaktatApi vaa| hetoviruddhatA yadvadabhAsAMtaratApi ca // 44 // sAdhanasya svapakSaghAtitA pakSAMtarasAdhanatvaM yathA viruddhatvaM svapakSasAdhanAzaktatvamAtraM vA yathAnakAMtikatvAdi sAdhanAbhAsatvaM, tadudbhavane svapakSasiddherapekSaNIyatvAt / taduktaM / "viruddhaM hetumadbhavyavAdinaM bhI jaise sabhApati aura sabhya puruSoM ke samartha hone para tattva kA nirNaya karane ke lie carcA karanA vAda hai; usI prakAra samartha vAdI prativAdI ke sAdhana aura dUSaNa ke upapanna hone para zAstrArtha vyAkhyAna honA asiddha hai| arthAt samartha sabhya aura sabhApati ke hone para hI zAstrArtha ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra koI kahatA hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki isa prakAra kA kathana samIcIna nahI hai| kyoMki krama se vAdI ke sAdhana ke vacana meM aura prativAdI ke vacana meM dUSaNa kI pravRtti meM virodha kA abhAva hai| sarvaprathama vAdI svakIya dArzanika siddhAnta ke anusAra anyathA anupapattisvarUpa sAdhana kA nirUpaNa karatA hai| usake pazcAt prativAdI apane darzana (siddhAnta) kA avalambana lekara doSoM ke udbhAvana meM samartha samIcIna dUSaNa kA prarUpaNa karatA hai| usa dUSaNa kA pratipakSa kA vighAta karanA rUpa sAmarthya viruddha nahIM hai| arthAt vAdI ke hetu ko samIcIna dUSaNa denA viruddha nahIM par3atA hai| pratipakSI kA vighAta kyA hai? aisI jijJAsA hone para AcArya kahate haiM - gRhIta pakSa se pakSAntara kI siddhi ho jAnA athavA prakRta sAdhya ko sAdhane vAle hetu kA azaktapanA bhI pratipakSa kA vighAtaka hai| tathA vAdI ke hetu kA viruddhapanA jisa prakAra pratipakSa kA vighAtaka hai usI prakAra vAdI ke hetu kA anya hetvAbhAsoM ke dvArA dUSita kara denA bhI pratipakSa kA vighAtaka hai| vAda meM kisI kA ghAta mArana tAr3ana nahIM hai, apitu paraspara meM hetu ko dUSita karanA, sAdhya ke sAdhana meM dUSaNa denA hI vighAta hai||44|| vAdI ke dvArA grahaNa kiyA huA pakSa prativAdI kA pratipakSa hai| prativAdI zreSTha dUSaNa ke dvArA vAdI ke sAdhana kA vighAta kara detA hai| ata: vAdI ke hetu kA nija pakSa kA vighAta kyA hai? AcArya isakA uttara dete haiM - sAdhana ke pakSAntara kA sAdhanatva hI sAdhana kI svapakSaghAtitA hai| arthAt vAdI yA prativAdI ke sAdhana (hetu) ko samIcIna hetuoM se khaNDana kara denA hI pakSaghAtitA hai| jaise viruddhatva, svapakSa sAdhana azaktatva mAtra pratipakSa kA ghAtaka hai athavA jaise anaikAntika viruddha Adi hetvAbhAsa bhI pratipakSa ke vighAtaka haiN| parantu una hetvAbhAsa Adi doSoM ke udbhAvana (prakaTa) karane meM prativAdI ko apane pakSa kI siddhi karanA apekSaNIya hai arthAt prativAdI svakIya pakSa ko siddha
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 193 jytiitrH| 'AbhAsAMtaramudbhAvya pakSasiddhimapekSate // " iti| na caivamaSTAMgo vAdaH syAttatsAdhanatadvacanayorvAdisAmarthyarUpatvAt sadUSaNatadvacanayozca prativAdisAmarthyarUpatvAdigaMtaratvAyogAt naivaM prabhuH sabhyo vA vAdiprativAdinoH sAmarthyaM tayoH svataMtratvAt / tato nAbhimAnikopi vAdo vyaMga eva vItarAgavAdavaditi zakyaM vaktuM, caturNAmaMgAnAmanyatamasyApyapAye arthAparisamApterityuktaprAyaM / evamayamAbhimAniko vAdo jigISatordvividha ityAha ityAbhimAnikaH proktastAttvikaH prAtibhopi vaa| samarthavacanaM vAdazcaturaMgo jigiisstoH||45|| karatA huA hI vAdI ke pakSa kA hetvAbhAsoM ke dvArA khaNDana kara use jIta sakatA hai, anyathA nhiiN| so hI granthoM meM likhA hai - prativAdI vidvAn viruddha hetuoM kA udbhAvana kara vA anya hetvAbhAsoM kA kathana kara vAdI ko jIta letA hai| parantu isameM prativAdI ke nija pakSa kI siddhi kI apekSA Avazyaka hai| nija pakSa kI siddhi ke binA doSoM kA udbhAvana karanA pakSaghAtitA nahIM hai| - sabhApati, sabhya, vAdI, prativAdI, vAdI kA samartha sAdhana, vAdI dvArA avinAbhAvI hetu kA kahanA, prativAdI ke dvArA samIcIna doSoM kA utthApana aura pratipakSa vighAtaka dUSaNa kA kathana, ye vAda ke ATha aMga haiN| yaha ATha aMga vAlA vAda kisI ne bhI svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| kyoMki usa vAdI ke samartha sAdhana kA kathana karanA aura anyathA anupapatti rUpa hetu kA prayoga karanA-ye donoM vAdI ke sAmarthya svarUpa padArtha haiN| ata: vAdI nAmaka aMga meM ye donoM garbhita ho jAte haiN| tathA samIcIna doSoM ko uThAnA aura usa pratipakSa vighAtaka dUSaNa kA kathana karanA, ye donoM prativAdI ke sAmarthya svarUpa haiN| ataH prativAdI nAmaka aMga meM ye donoM garbhita ho jAte haiN| isalie vAda ke cAra hI aMga haiN| ina cAra aMgoM ke atirikta anya aMgoM kA upadeza dene yA saMketa karane kA abhAva hai| vAda ke do aMga haiM, isa prakAra nahIM kahanA caahie| kyoMki sabhya aura sabhApati donoM svataMtra zaktizAlI padArtha haiN| ve vAdI aura prativAdI ke AdhIna nahIM haiN| isalie abhimAna kI preraNA se pravarta rahA bhI vAda vAdI, prativAdI ina do aMgoM vAlA hai aisA nahIM kaha skte| jaise vItarAga puruSoM meM hone vAlA vAda (saMvAda) do aMga vAlA hotA hai usa prakAra jItane kI icchA rakhane vAle puruSoM kA vAda do aMga vAlA nahIM hai| arthAt vItarAga saMvAda meM jaise vAdI aura prativAdI do aMga haiM usI prakAra vAda meM do aMga haiM- aisA kahanA zakya nahIM hai| vAda cAra aMga vAlA hI hai kyoMki vAdI, prativAdI, sabhya aura sabhApati, ina cAra aMgoM meM se kisI bhI eka aMga kA abhAva ho jAne para prayojana-siddhi kI paripUrNatA nahIM ho sakatI hai| isa bAta ko pUrva meM bahuta bAra kaha diyA gayA hai| , isa prakAra jItane kI icchA rakhane vAloM kA abhimAna se prayukta kiyA gayA vAda do prakAra kA hai| isa bAta ko AcArya kahate haiM - (isa prakAra) jItane kI icchA rakhane vAle vidvAnoM kA samartha hetu yA samartha dUSaNa kA kathana karanA rUpa vAda cAra aMga vAlA hai aura vaha vAda abhimAna se prayukta kiyA gayA hai| tAttvika aura pratibhA ke bheda se vaha vAda do prakAra kA hai||45|| . jisameM tattvoM kA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai vaha vAda tAttvika hai| tathA apanI pratibhA ko bar3hAne ke lie jo vAda hotA hai athavA jisase apanI buddhi ke dvArA iSTa, aniSTa kI siddhi kI jAtI hai, vaha vAda prAtibha kahA jAtA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 194 pUrvAcAryopi bhagavAnamumeva dvividhaM jalpamAveditavAnityAhadviprakAraM jagau jalpaM tattvaprAtibhagocaram / triSaSTervAdinAM jetA zrIdatto jalpanirNaye // 46 // kaH punarjayotretyAhatatreha tAttvike vAde'kalaMkaiH kathito jyH| svapakSasiddhirekasya nigrahonyasya vaadinH||47|| kathaM ? svapakSasiddhiparyaMtA zAstrIyArthavicAraNA / vastvAzrayatvato yadvallaukikArthe vicAraNA // 48 // kaH punaH svasya pakSo yatsiddhirjayaH syAditi vicArayitumupakramatejijJAsitavizeSotra dharmI pakSo na yujyate / tasyAsaMbhavadoSeNa bAdhitatvAtkhapuSpavat // 49 // pUrva meM AcArya ne bhI usa jalpa nAmaka vAda ko do prakAra kA kahA hai| usI ko AcArya kahate tresaTha vAdiyoM ko jItane vAle zrIdatta AcArya ne svaracita jalpanirNaya nAmaka grantha meM tAttvika aura pratibhA gocara jalpa do prakAra kA kahA hai| arthAt tattvoM ko viSaya karane vAlA jalpa tAttvika hai aura navIna arthoM kI yuktiyoM ke udbodha ko karAne vAlI pratibhA buddhi se hone vAlA jalpa prAtibha hai||46|| ____ jaya kyA padArtha hai? aisI jijJAsA hone para AcArya kahate haiM ki una donoM prakAroM ke vAdoM meM se isa tAttvika vAda meM zrI akalaMka deva ne jaya vyavasthA isa prakAra kahI hai ki vAdI aura prativAdI meM se kisI eka ke nija pakSa kI siddhi ho jAnA hI anya vAdI kA nigraha hai| arthAt anya vAdI kA nigraha karanA hI svapakSa kI siddhi hai| svapakSasiddhi aura parapakSa ke nigraha karane ko hI jaya kahate haiN||47|| svapakSa kI siddhi se anya vAdI kA nigraha kaise hotA hai? aisA pUchane para AcArya kahate haiM - jaise laukika arthoM kA vicAra karanA vastu ke Azraya se hotA hai, vaise hI zAstrIya arthoM kI vicAraNA svapakSa siddhi paryanta hotI hai| arthAt - svapakSa kI siddhi ho jAne para kathA kI samApti ho jAtI hai||48|| koI punaH prazna karatA hai ki svapakSa kyA hai jisakI siddhi ho jAne se jaya hotI hai ? isa prazna para vicAra karane ke lie AcArya upakrama karate haiM - isa prakaraNa meM jijJAsita (jisakI jijJAsA hai) vizeSa dharmI pakSa hai, yaha yukta nahIM hai| kyoMki AkAza puSpa ke samAna vaha jijJAsita vizeSa dharmI asaMbhava doSa se bAdhita hai| vAdI kisI bhI dharmI meM kisI sAdhya vizeSa kI pratipatti karanA nahIM cAhatA hai| kyoMki jisa vAdI ne pUrva meM vizeSa rUpa se artha kA nizcaya kara liyA hai, usa vAdI kI dUsaroM ko samajhAne ke lie pravRtti huA karatI hai| aura prativAdI kI pravRtti vAdI ke pakSa kA khaNDana karane ke lie hotI hai| ata: vAdI aura prativAdI kI apekSA jijJAsitapanA (jAnane kI icchA rUpa) pakSa kA lakSaNa ghaTita nahIM hotA, kyoMki vAdI aura
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 195 kvacitsAdhyavizeSaM hi na vAdI pratipitsate / svayaM vinizcitArthasya parabodhAya vRttitH||50|| prativAdI ca tasyaiva pratikSepAya vartanAt / jijJAsito na sabhyAca siddhAMtadvayavedinaH // 51 // svArthAnumAne vAdye ca jijJAsiteti cenmataM / vAde tasyAdhikAraH syAt parapratyayanAdRte // 52 // jijJApayiSitAtmeha dharmI pakSo ydiissyte| lakSaNadvayamAyAtaM pakSasya graMthaghAtine // 53 // tathAnuSNognirityAdiH prtykssaadiniraakRtH| svapakSaM syAdativyApi nedaM pakSasya lakSaNaM // 54 // liMgAtsAdhayituM zakyo vizeSo yasya dharmiNaH / sa eva pakSa iti cet vRthA dharmavizeSavAk 55 / prativAdI donoM kI jAnane kI icchA nahIM hai| tathA sabhya (sabhAsada) bhI jAnane ke icchuka nahIM haiN| kyoMki sabhya (prAznika) puruSa to vAdI aura prativAdI donoM ke siddhAnta ko jAnane vAle hote haiN| isalie doSayukta hone se jijJAsitA vizeSa dharmI ko pakSa kahanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai|49-50-51|| "yadyapi parArthAnumAna aura jItane kI icchA rakhane vAloM ke vAda jijJAsita vizeSa dharmI pakSa nahIM haiM, parantu svArtha anumAna meM tathA Adi meM kathita vItarAga puruSoM ke saMvAda meM to jijJAsita vizeSa dharmI pakSa ho sakatA hai"-aisA vaizeSika ke kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki dUsaroM ko yuktiyoM ke dvArA jJAna karAyA jAtA hai| usa vAda ko chor3akara anya vAda meM jijJAsita vizeSa dharmI pakSa ho sakatA hai arthAt tAttvika saMvAda meM jijJAsita vizeSa dharmI pakSa bana sakatA hai||52|| "yadi jItane kI icchA rakhane vAle puruSoM ke vAda meM jisa sAdhyavAna dharmI kI jJApita karAne (samajhAne) kI icchA utpanna ho cukI hai, vaha dharmI pakSa kahalAtA hai arthAt jijJApayiSita dharmI ko pakSa kahate haiM, isa prakAra kahane vAle vaizeSika ke prati jainAcArya kahate haiM ki-isa prakAra pakSa kA lakSaNa karane para jijJAsita vizeSa dharmI pakSa aura jijJApayiSita dharmI pakSa-ye do pakSa ke lakSaNa ho jAte haiM jo pakSa ke lakSaNa ko kahane vAle grantha ke ghAtaka haiM arthAt lakSaNa to eka hotA hai| do lakSaNa kahane se apasiddhAnta kI prApti hotI hai| ata: vaizeSika ke dvArA mAnA gayA yaha pakSa kA lakSaNa asaMbhava doSa se dUSita hai||53|| . tathA agni anuSNa (zItala) hai ityAdi pratyakSa Adi pramANoM se bAdhita pakSa bhI ho sakatA hai| arthAt jijJAsu ko agni kA anuSNapanA jAnane kI bhI icchA ho sakatI hai| . parantu jijJAsu kI icchA ko pakSa mAnanA, pakSa kA lakSaNa ativyApti doSa se yukta hone se samIcIna nahIM hai arthAt viparIta pakSa meM lakSaNa jAtA hai, apakSa meM lakSaNa jAtA hai ata: pakSa kA lakSaNa nirdoSa nahIM hai||54|| __jisa dharmI ke sAdhya rUpa vizeSa dharma kA jJApaka hetu se siddha karanA zakya hotA hai vahI pakSa kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki aisA kahane para to sAdhya rUpa vizeSa dharma kA kathana karanA vyartha hogA arthAt kevala dharmI kA hI kathana karanA caahie| sAdhyavAn dharmI ko pakSa kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai||55||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 196 liMgaM yenAvinAbhAvi sorthaH saadhyovdhaaryte| na ca dharmI tathAbhUtaH srvtraannvyaatmkH||56|| na dharmI kevala: sAdhyo na dharma: siddhysNbhvaat| samudAyastu sAdhyeta yadi sNvyvhaaribhiH||7|| tadA tatsamudAyasya svAzrayeNa vinA sdaa| saMbhavAbhAvataH sopi tadviziSTeH prsaadhytaam||58|| tadvizeSopi sonyena svAzrayeNeti na kvacit / sAdhyavyavasthitirmUDha cetasAmAtmavidviSAm // 59 // vinApi tena liMgasya bhAvAttasya na sAdhyatA / tato na pakSatetyetadanukUlaM samAcaret // 60 // dharmiNApi vinA bhAvAtkvacilliMgasya pakSatA / tasya mAbhUttata: siddhaH pakSaH saadhngocrH||61|| yAdRgeva hi svArthAnumAne pakSaH zakyatvAdivizeSaNaH sAdhanaviSayastAdRgeva parArthAnumAne yuktaH svanizcayavadanyeSAM nizcayotpAdanAya prekSAvatAM parArthAnumAnaprayogAt, anyathA tllkssnnsyaasNbhvaadidossaanussNgaat|| jJApaka hetu jisa sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha rakhane vAlA hetu hai, vaha padArtha sAdhya hotA hai, yaha nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai, usa prakAra dharmI sAdhya nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki dharmI kA sarvatra hetu ke sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha nahIM hai (anvayAtmaka nahIM hai) arthAt jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hai- vahA~-vahA~ agni hai aisA kathana karanA to ucita hai| kintu jo jo dhUmavAn hotA hai vaha-vaha agnivAlA hotA hai yaha anvaya ThIka nahIM hai (kyoMki hetu kI sAdhya ke sAtha vyApti hai, hetumAna kA sAdhyamAna ke sAtha avinAbhAva nahIM hai| hetu ke sAtha adhikaraNa ko lagAkara puna: vyApti banAne se anvaya dRSTAnta nahIM milatA hai| vyApti meM to sAdhya dharma hI hotA hai, dharmI nhiiN| anyathA vyApti ghaTita nahIM hotI hai|) isalie kevala dharmI sAdhya nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki akele dharma yA dharmI kI siddhi honA asaMbhava hai| samIcIna vyavahAra ko jAnane vAle puruSoM ke dvArA yadi dharma aura dharmI kA samudAya siddha kiyA jAtA hai, to sarvadA samudAya kA svakIya Azraya ke binA rahanA saMbhava nahIM hai| isalie vaha samudAya bhI svakIya Azraya se viziSTa hI sAdhane (siddha karane) yogya hai| tathA, usa Azraya se viziSTasamudAya anya svAzraya se viziSTa sAdhane yogya hai aura isa prakAra kathana karane se kahIM para bhI vizrAnti na hone se anavasthA doSa AtA hai| ata: AtmA se dveSa rakhane vAle (jina-dharma se bahirbhUta) mUr3ha cittavAle ko kahIM para bhI sAdhya kI vyavasthA nahIM ho sktii||56-59|| usa dharma viziSTa dharmI rUpa pakSa ke binA bhI jJApaka hetu kA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai| isalie samudAya ke sAdhyatA nahIM hai| ataH samudAya ke pakSapanA bhI nahIM hai| isake pratyuttara meM jainAcArya kahate haiM- isa prakAra kathana karanA to hamAre anukUla AcaraNa hI hai| athavA-kahIM-kahIM dharmI rUpa pakSa ke binA bhI jJApaka hetu kA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai| ata: usa dharmI ko pakSapanA nahIM ho sakatA hai| isalie siddha hotA hai ki svArthAnumAna ke samAna vAda meM bhI zakya, abhipreta, aprasiddha mAne gaye sAdhya ko siddha karane vAle hetu ke viSayabhUta dharmI ko hI pakSa mAnanA caahie||60-61|| jaisA, svArthAnumAna meM zakyatva Adi vizeSaNoM se yukta jJApaka hetu kA viSaya ho rahA pratijJA rUpa pakSa hai, usI prakAra kA pakSa parArtha anumAna meM bhI svIkAra karanA yukta hai| kyoMki svakIya nizcaya ke samAna
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 197 kA puna: pakSasya siddhirityAha sabhyapratyAyanaM tasya siddhiH syaadvaadinothvaa| prativAdina ityeSa nigrahonyatarasya tu // 62 // vAdinaH svapakSapratyAyanaM sabhAyAM svapakSasiddhiH, prativAdinaH sa eva nigrahaH, prativAdinothavA tatsvapakSasiddhirvAdino nigraha ityetatpratyeyam // tathoktaM / "svapakSasiddhirekasya nigrahonyasya vaadinH| nAsAdhanAMgavacanaM nAdoSodbhAvanaM dvyoH||"iti|| atra paramatamanUdya vicArayatiasAdhanAMgavacanamadoSodbhAvanaM dvyoH| nigrahasthAnamanyattanna yuktamiti kecana // 63 // svapakSaM sAdhayan tatra tayoreko jayedyadi / tUSNIbhUtaM bruvANaM vA yatkiMcittatsamaMjasam // 64 // anya puruSoM ke nizcaya kI utpatti karane ke lie vicArazIla tArkika puruSoM ke dvArA parArthAnumAna kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| ata: pakSa kA yahI lakSaNa ThIka hai| anyathA-usa pakSa ke lakSaNa ke karane meM asaMbhava Adi doSoM kI prApti ho jAne kA prasaMga AtA hai| ___pakSa kI siddhi.kyA hai? aisA pUchane para AcArya kahate haiM- sabhA meM sthita sabhya janoM ko pratijJAna karAne ke lie vAdI ke usa uparyukta pakSa kI siddhi hotI hai| athavA-vAdI aura prativAdI donoM meM se eka prativAdI kA hI nigraha hogaa| athavA prativAdI ke usa pratijJA rUpa pakSa kI sabhyoM ke sanmukha siddhi ho jAnA hI vAdI kA nigraha ho jAnA hai||62|| __sabhA meM nijapakSa kA jJApana karAnA hI vAdI ke sva pakSa kI siddhi hai aura vahI prativAdI kA nigraha hai| athavA prativAdI ke apane pakSa kI siddhi ho jAnA hI vAdI kA nigraha hai| aisA vizvAsa karanA caahie| so hI kahA hai - vAdI aura prativAdI meM se kisI eka ke svapakSa kI siddhi ho jAne para dUsare vAdI kA nigraha ho jAtA hai| vAdI ke lie Avazyaka hetu ke aMgoM kA kathana nahIM karanA nigraha sthAna nahIM hai| aura donoM ke doSoM kA udbhAvana nahIM karanA bhI nigraha sthAna nahIM hai| apitu svakIya pakSa kI siddhi ho jAnA hI vAdI kI jaya aura prativAdI kI parAjaya hai| .. aba yahA~ para bauddha mata kA anuvAda karake AcArya vicAra karate haiM - ... "koI (saugata matAnuyAyI) kahatA hai ki yadi vAdI pratijJA Adi anumAna ke aMgoM kA kathana nahIM karatA hai aura prativAdI vAdI ke hetu meM doSoM kA udbhAvana nahIM karatA hai, to vAdI prativAdI donoM hI nigraha sthAna ko prApta hote haiN| inase anya koI nigraha sthAna yuktisaMgata nahIM hai|" isake pratyuttara meM jainAcArya kahate haiM ki - vAdI aura prativAdI-ina donoM meM koI eka yadi svapakSa ko siddha karatA huA kucha bhI samaMjasa (samIcIna) kahane vAle ko cupa karake jItatA hai (arthAt kevala hetu ke pA~coM aMgoM kA kathana nahIM karanA hI vAdI kA nigraha sthAna nahIM hai) apitu prativAdI ke pakSa kI siddhi ho jAne para vAdI kA asAdhanAMga vacana vAdI kI parAjaya karA detA hai| ataH svapakSa kI siddhi karanA hI prativAdI kI parAjaya hai||63-64 //
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 198 satyametat, svapakSaM sAdhayannevAsAdhanAMgavacanAdadoSodbhAvanAdvA vAdI prativAdI vA tUSNIbhUtaM yatkiMcibruvANaM vA paraM jayati nAnyathA kevalaM pakSo vAdiprativAdinoH samyak sAdhanadUSaNavacanameveti parAkUtamanUdya pratikSipati- . satsAdhanavacaH pakSo mataH saadhnvaadinH| saddUSaNAbhidhAnaM tu svapakSaH prativAdinaH // 65 // ityayuktaM dvyorekvissytvaanvsthiteH| svapakSapratipakSatvAsaMbhavAdbhinnapakSavat // 66 // vastunyekatra vartete tayoH saadhnduussnne| tena tadvacasoryuktA svapakSetaratA yadi // 67 // tadA vAstavapakSaH syAtsAdhyamAnaM kathaMcana / dUSyamANaM ca niHzaMkaM tadvAdiprativAdinoH // 68 // bauddha kahate haiM ki yaha kathana satya hai ki svakIya pakSa kI siddhi karatA huA vAdI yA prativAdI anumAna ke pratijJA Adi avayavoM ko nahIM kahatA hai tathA hetu ke doSoM kA utthApana nahIM karatA hai aura sarvathA cupacApa rahatA hai, vA kucha bhI bola detA hai usako prativAdI jIta letA hai anyathA nhiiN| arthAt svapakSa kI siddhi karane vAlA hI jaya ko prApta hotA hai| athavA kevala samIcIna sAdhana (hetu) kA kathana karanA hI vAdI kA pakSa hai aura vAdI ke hetu meM dUSaNa denA prativAdI kA pakSa hai| isa prakAra donoM kI kuceSTAoM kA anuvAdana kara AcArya AkSepa kA pratyAkhyAna karate haiM - zreSTha hetu kA kathana karanA hI sAdhanavAdI kA pakSa mAnA gayA hai tathA vAdI ke hetu meM samIcIna,dUSaNa kA kahanA prativAdI kA svapakSa hai - aisA kahanA bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| kyoMki donoM meM eka viSaya kI vyavasthA nahIM hai| ata: svapakSa aura pratipakSa kI asaMbhavatA hai| jaise sarvathA bhinna pakSoM meM svapakSa kI vyavasthA nahIM hotI hai arthAt siddhi kisI kI kI jAtI hai aura dUSaNa kisI dUsare kA uThAyA jAtA hai to svapakSa aura pratipakSa kA nirNaya nahIM ho sakatA hai||65-66 // eka hI vastu meM yadi vAdI aura prativAdI kA sAdhana aura dUSaNa denA pravRtta hotA hai, isalie vAdI aura prativAdI ke vacanoM meM svapakSa aura pratipakSapanA yukta hai| tadA (taba to) kisI bhI prakAra se vAdI ke dvArA sAdhyamAna aura prativAdI ke dvArA ni:zaMka hokara dUSita kiyA gayA hI vAstavika pakSa vAdI aura prativAdI ko siddha ho jAtA hai||67-68|| zabda ko anitya kahane vAle vAdiyoM ke yahA~ jo vastu vAdI ke dvArA siddha kI jA rahI hai aura naiyAyika Adi prativAdI ke dvArA vaha zabda kA vastubhUta anityapanA dUSita kiyA jA rahA hai, vahI vAdI kA pakSa hai, kyoMki pUrva meM isa grantha kI sAThavIM kArikA meM zakyatva, asiddhatva Adi vizeSaNoM se yukta tathA jJApaka hetu ke viSayabhUta pakSatva kI vyavasthA kI hai tathA jo dUSaNavAdI ke dvArA zabdAdi vastu anitya rUpa se sAdhya hai aura prativAdI ke dvArA dUSyamANa hai vaha prativAdI ke pakSa rUpa se vyavasthita hai| kintu vAdI ke sAdhana vacana aura prativAdI ke dUSaNa vacana pakSa nahIM haiN| kyoMki vAdI ke sAdhana kathana meM aura prativAdI ke dUSaNa utthApana meM koI vivAda nahIM hai| vivAda kA unameM abhAva hai arthAt vAdI hetuoM ke dvArA svakIya
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 199 yadvastu zabdAnityatvavAdinAM sAdhyamAnaM vAdinA, dUSyamANaM ca prativAdinA tadeva vAdinaH pakSaH zakyatvAdivizeSaNasya sAdhanaviSayasya pakSatvavyavasthApanAt / tathA yadUSaNavAdinA zabdAdi vastu anityatvAdinA sAdhyamAnaM vAdinA dUSyamANaMta deva prativAdinaH pakSa iti vyavatiSThate na puna: sAdhanavacanaM vAdinaH, dUSaNavacanaM ca prativAdinaH, pakSa iti vivAdAbhAvAttayostatra vivAde vA yathoktalakSaNa eva pakSa iti tasya siddherekasya jayo'parasya parAjayo vyavatiSThate, na punarasAdhanAMgavacanamAtramadoSodbhAvanamAnaM vaa| pakSasiddhyavinAbhAvinastu sAdhanAMgasyAvacanaM vAdino nigrahasthAnaM pratipakSasiddhau satyAM prativAdina iti na nivAryata eva / tathAhi pakSasiddhyavinAbhAvi sAdhanAvacanaM ttH| nigraho vAdinaH siddhaH svapakSe prativAdini // 69 // sAmarthyAt prativAdinaH sadUSaNAnudbhAvanaM nigrahAdhikaraNaM vAdinaH pakSasiddhau satyAmityavagaMtavyaM / tathA vAdinaM sAdhanamAtraM bruvANamapi prativAdI kathaM jayatItyAhapakSa ko puSTa karatA hai aura prativAdI usake hetu ko dUSita karane kI ceSTA karatA hai| parantu ye pakSa yA pratipakSa nahIM ho skte| yadi vAdI aura prativAdI kA unameM (sAdhana aura dUSaNa meM) vivAda hone lage to uparyukta pakSa kA lakSaNa ghaTita hone se vahI pakSa ho jAtA hai| ata: usa pakSa kI siddhi ho jAne se vAdI yA prativAdI meM eka kI vijaya aura dUsare kI parAjaya honA vyavasthita ho jAtA hai| __kintu kevala anumAna ke pA~coM aMgoM kA uccAraNa nahIM karanA vA hetu ke doSoM kA utthApana nahIM karanA mAtra vAdI prativAdI ke nigraha vA vijaya nahIM hai; kyoMki pakSa siddhi ke avinAbhAvI hetu ke aMgoM kA kathana nahIM karanA vAdI kA nigraha sthAna hai| yaha nigraha sthAna prativAdI ke dvArA svapakSa kI siddhi karane para hI hogaa| isalie tattva kA nivAraNa nahIM ho sktaa| vahI zrI vidyAnanda AcArya kahate haiM - . prativAdI ke svapakSa kI siddhi ho jAne para yadi vAdI ke dvArA pakSasiddhi ke avinAbhAvI hetu kA kathana nahIM kiyA jAtA hai to vAdI kA nigraha sthAna ho jAtA hai||69|| binA kahe hI sAmarthya se yaha tattva bhI samajha lenA cAhie ki vAdI ke dvArA svakIya pakSa kI siddhi kara dene para prativAdI ke dvArA zreSTha dUSaNa nahIM denA hI prativAdI kA nigraha sthAna hai| yadi vAdI apane pakSa kI siddhi nahIM karatA hai to prativAdI kA nigraha nahIM hotaa| "kevala sAdhana mAtra ko kahane vAle vAdI ko prativAdI kaise jIta letA hai?" aisI jijJAsA hone para AcArya kahate haiM - ___ vAdI ke viruddha hetuoM kA udbhAvana karane vAlA prativAdI vAdI ko jIta letA hai arthAt vAdI ke hetuoM ko hetvAbhAsa siddha karane vAle prativAdI kI vijaya ho jAtI hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 200 viruddhasAdhanodbhAvI prativAdItaraM jayet / tathA svapakSasaMsiddhervidhAnaM tena tattvataH // 7 // dUSaNAMtaramudbhAvya svapakSaM sAdhayan svayaM / jayatyevAnyathA tasya na jayo na parAjayaH // 71 // yacca dharmakIrtinAbhyadhAyi sAdhanaM siddhistadaMgaM trirUpaM liMga tasyAvacanaM vAdino nigrhsthaan| tathA sAdhanasya trirUpaliMgasyAGgaM samarthanaM vyatirekanizcayanirUpaNatvAt, tasya vipakSe bAdhakapramANavacanasya hetoH samarthanatvAt tasyAvacanaM vAdino nigrahasthAnamiti ca tannaiyAyikasyApi samAnamityAha sveSTArthasiddharaMgasya tryaMzahetorabhASaNaM / tasyAsamarthanaM cApi vAdino nigraho yathA // 72 // paMcAvayavaliMgasyAbhASaNaM na tathaiva kim / tasyAsamarthanaM cApi sarvathApyavizeSataH // 73 // isalie vAdI ko apane pakSa kI siddhi kA vidhAna vAstava rUpa se karanA atyAvazyaka hai arthAt svapakSa kI siddhi kiye binA vijaya prApta nahIM ho sktii||70|| _ vAdI ke hetu meM dUSaNoM kA udbhAvana karake svapakSa kI siddhi karane vAlA prativAdI vAdI ko jIta letA hai| anyathA (svapakSa ko siddha nahIM karane vAle) prativAdI kI na vijaya hotI hai aura na parAjaya // 7 // tathA bauddhamatAnuyAyI dharmakIrti ne yaha kahA thA ki sAdhana kI siddhi kA kAraNa tIna rUpa vAlA jJApaka hetu hai| usa tIna rUpa liMga (hetu) kA kathana nahIM karanA hI vAdI kA nigraha sthAna hai| bhAvArtha - pakSa dharmatva, sapakSasattva aura vipakSa vyAvRtti - ye tIna aMga hetu ke mAne gaye haiN| pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, ye anumAna ke tIna aMga haiN| vAdI yadi svapakSasiddhi ke lie tIna rUpa vAle hetu kA kathana nahIM karegA, to vaha nigraha sthAna kA pAtra hogaa| ___ athavA "asAdhanAMga" vacana kA dUsarA artha yaha bhI hai ki sAdhana tIna rUpa vAle liMga kA aMga samarthana vyatireka ke nizcaya kA nirUpaNa karane se hotA hai| athavA usa hetu ke vipakSa meM bAdhaka pramANa vacana ko samarthana kahate haiN| arthAt hetu vacana kA vipakSa meM bAdhaka honA hI samarthana hai| usa samarthana vacana kA kathana nahIM karanA hI vAdI kA nigraha sthAna hai| ____ sAdhya ke abhAva meM hetu ke abhAva kA kathana karanA vyatireka hai| hetu kI sAdhya ke sAtha vyApti ko siddha karake dharmI meM usa hetu kA sadbhAva siddha karanA samarthana hai| yaha anvaya mukha se samarthana hai aura vyatireka ke nizcaya kA nirUpaNa karane se vipakSa meM bAdhaka pramANa kA kathana karanA hI vyatireka mukha se samarthana hai| yadi vAdI vyatireka mukha se samarthana kA nirUpaNa nahIM karatA hai to vAdI kA nigaha sthAna hai| isa prakAra bauddha matAvalambI dharmakIrti ke kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki yaha naiyAyika ke kathana ke samAna hI hai| isI kA vidyAnanda AcArya spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahate haiM ki - jisa prakAra svakIya iSTa artha kI siddhi ke aMga tIna aMza vAle hetu kA kathana nahIM karanA tathA usa tIna aMza vAle hetu kA samarthana nahIM karanA vAdI kA nigraha sthAna hai, usI prakAra naiyAyikoM ke dvArA svIkRta pA~ca avayava vAle hetu kA kathana nahIM karanA tathA pA~ca avayava vAle hetu kA samarthana nahIM karanA kyA vAdI kA nigraha sthAna nahIM hai? avazya hI hai| kyoMki tIna aMza vAle aura pA~cna aMza vAle hetu meM sarvathA avizeSatA hai arthAt donoM meM samAnatA hai||72-73 / /
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 201 nanu ca na saugatasya paMcAvayavasAdhanasya tatsamarthanasya vA'vacanaM nigrahasthAnaM tatra nigamanAMtasAmarthyAdamyamAnatvAt tadvacanasya punaruktatvenAphalatvAdityapi na saMgatamityAha sAmarthyAgamyamAnasya nigamasya vaco ythaa| pakSadharmopasaMhAravacanaM ca tathA'phalam // 74 // nanu ca sapakSadharmopasaMhArasya sAmarthyAdgamyamAnasyApi hetorapakSadharmatvenAsiddhatvasya vyavacchedaH phalamastIti yuktaM tadvacanamanumanyate yatsattatsarvaM kSaNikaM yathA ghaTaH saMzca zabda iti| tarhi nigamanasyApi pratijJAhetUdAharaNopanayAnAmekArthatvopadarzanaM phalamasti tattadvacanamapi yuktimadevetyAha bhAvArtha - pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva, vipakSa vyAvRtti, abAdhita viSayatva, asatpratipakSatva-ina pA~ca avayavoM se sahita hetu kA kathana nahIM karanA naiyAyikoM ke kathanAnusAra bhI nigraha sthAna hai| vaise hI bauddhoM kA kahanA bhI nigraha sthAna hai| donoM meM koI antara nahIM hai| zaMkA - pA~ca avayava vAle hetu kA athavA usake samarthana kA kathana nahIM karanA koI bauddha kA nigraha sthAna nahIM hai| kyoMki vahA~ nigamana paryanta avayavoM kA binA kahe hetu kI sAmarthya se hI arthApatti dvArA jJAna kara liyA jAtA hai| usa gamyamAna kA bhI yadi kathana kiyA jAyegA to punarukta ho jAne ke kAraNa vaha niSphala hogaa| : samAdhAna - jainAcArya kahate haiM ki bauddhoM kA yaha kahanA bhI susaMgata nahIM hai| isI ko AcArya kahate haiM jisa prakAra hetu ke sAmarthya se gamyamAna nigamana rUpa avayava kA kathana karanA niSphala hai usI prakAra pakSa meM sthita hetu ke upasaMhAra rUpa upanaya kA kathana karanA bhI niSphala hai| arthAt jaise gamyamAna nigamana kA kathana karanA naiyAyikoM ke niSphala hai usI prakAra gamyamAna upasaMhAra kA kathana karanA bauddhoM ke siddhAnta meM bhI niSphala hogA // 74 // zaMkA - yadyapi pakSa dharma ke upasaMhAra rUpa upanaya kA kathana nahIM karane para bhI sAmarthya se jJAna kara liyA jAtA hai, tathApi kisI ko pakSa meM vRttipanA nahIM hone ke kAraNa hetu ke svarUpAsiddha hetvAbhAsapane kI zaMkA ho jAne para usa asiddhitva kA vyavacchedana meM upanaya kathana kA phala vidyamAna hai| isalie usa pakSadharmopasaMhAra kA kathana karanA yukta mAnA jAtA hai| jaise "jo sat hai vaha sarva kSaNika hai" jaise-ghaTa / zabda bhI sat hai, isalie kSaNika hai| vaha upanaya vAkya hai| usa upanaya kA kathana karane se hetu kA pakSa meM Thaharane ke kAraNa svarUpasiddhikA vyavaccheda ho jAtA hai| ___samAdhAna - isa prakAra bauddha ke kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM - ki nigamana nAmaka pA~caveM avayava kA kathana nahIM karane para bhI yadyapi usakA jJAna ho jAtA hai, phira bhI pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa aura upanaya ina cAroM kA eka hI sAdhya viSaya kI sAdhanA rUpa prayojana ko dikhAnA nigamana kA phala hai| ata: nigamana kA kathana karanA bhI yuktisaMgata hai| isI ko zrIvidyAnanda AcArya kahate haiM
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 202 tasyAsiddhatvavicchittiH phalaM hetoryathA tthaa| nigamasya pratijJAnAdyekArthatvopadarzanam // 75 // na hi pratijJAdInAmekArthatvopadarzanamaMtareNa saMgatatvamupapadyate bhinnvissyprtijnyaadivt| tathA pratijJAtaH sAdhyasiddhau hetvAdivacanamanarthakaM syAdanyathA tasyA na sAdhanAMgateti yaduktaM tadapi svamataghAtidharmakIrterityAha pratijJAtorthasiddhau syAddhatvAdivacanaM vRthaa| nAnyathA sAdhanAMgatvaM tasyA iti yathaiva tat // 76 // tattvArthanizcaye hetodRSTAMto'narthako na kim / sadRSTAntaprayogeSu pravibhAgamudAhRtAH // 77 // tatotiviparItavyatirekatvaM prdrshitvytirektvmiti| na ca vaidhAdRSTAMtadoSAH kvacinyAyavinizcayAdau pratipAdyAnurodhataH sadRSTAMteSu satprayogeSu savibhAgamudAhRtA: na punaH sAdhanAMgatvAniyamAt / tadanudbhAvanaM prativAdino nigrahAdhikaraNaM vAdinA svapakSasyAsAdhanepIti bruvANaH saugato jaDatvena jaDAnapi chalAdinA vyavahArato naiyAyikAn jyet| kiM ca jisa prakAra upanaya kA phala hetu ke asiddha (asiddha hetvAbhAsapana) kA viccheda karanA hai, usI prakAra nigamana kA phala pratijJA, hetu Adi aneka (cAra) avayavoM kA eka arthatva (eka prayojanatva) ko dikhAnA hai| ataH pA~coM avayavoM kA kathana karanA Avazyaka hai| anyathA nigraha sthAna hotA hai||75|| kyoMki pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa AdikoM kA eka hI artha dikhAye binA unakI paraspara meM saMgati nahIM ho sktii| jaise pRthak-pRthak viSaya ko karane vAle pratijJA Adi kI saMgati nahIM ho sktii| tathA, pratipAdya ziSya ke anurodha se pA~ca yA tIna avayavoM kA kathana hotA hai| jaise pratijJA se sAdhya kI siddhi ho jAne para hetu, dRSTAnta Adi kA kathana karanA anarthaka (niSprayojana) hai| athavA (yadi pratijJA vAkya se sAdhya siddhi nahIM mAneMge to) pratijJA ke sAdhana kA aMgatva siddha nahIM ho skegaa| isa prakAra jo bauddha kA kathana hai, vaha bhI bauddha matAnuyAyI dharmakIrti ke svamata kA ghAtaka hI hai| isI kathana ko spaSTa karane ke lie vidyAnanda AcArya kahate haiM pratijJA vAkya se hI artha kI siddhi ho jAne para puna: hetu Adi kA vacana karanA vRthA (niSprayojana) hogaa| anyathA usa pratijJA vAkya ke sAdhya siddhi kA aMgapanA ghaTita nahIM hogaa| isa prakAra jaisA bauddha kahatA hai usI prakAra hama bhI kaha sakate haiM ki hetu ke dvArA tattvArtha kA nizcaya ho jAne para punaH dRSTAnta kA kathana karanA vyartha kyoM nahIM hogA? parantu samIcIna dRSTAntoM ke prayoga meM vibhAga kahA gayA hai arthAt dRSTAnta ke prayoga meM sAdharmya aura vaidharmyapanA kahA gayA hai||76-77|| tathA vaidharmya dRSTAnta kA nirUpaNa karane ke lie vyatireka dikhalAnA par3atA hai| usa sAdhya rUpa artha se atirikta viparIta ke sAtha vyatirekapanA dikhalAnA hI vyatirekatva hai| isa prakAra diye gaye vaidharmya dRSTAnta ke doSa kinhIM "nyAya vinizcaya, jalpanirNaya" Adi granthoM meM ziSyoM ke anurodha se dRSTAnta sahita samIcIna prayogoM meM sAdharmya aura vaidharmya kA vibhAga nahIM kahA gayA hai| kintu sAdhana ke aMga ke aniyama se una doSoM kA nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA hai| arthAt akalaMka deva ne vaidharmya dRSTAnta yA sAdharmya dRSTAnta kA kathana karanA batalAyA hai tathA unake doSoM kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA hai| yaha sAdhanAMgatva ke aniyama se vyavasthA nahIM kI gaI hai| tathA ziSyoM ke anurodha se kitane bhI aMgoM kA kathana kiyA jA sakatA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 203 satye ca sAdhane prokte vAdinA prtivaadinH| doSAnudbhAvate ca syAnnyakkAro vitathepi vaa||78|| prAcye pakSe'kalaMkoktiddhitIye lokbaadhitaa| dvayorhi pakSasaMsiddhyabhAve kasya vinigrhH|79|| atrAnye prAhuriSTaM nastathA nigrahaNaM dvayoH / tttvjnyaanoktisaamrthyshuunytvsyaavishesstH||8|| yathopAttAparijJAnaM sAdhanAbhAsavAdinaH / tathA saddUSaNAjJAnaM doSAnudbhAvinaH samaM // 81 // vAdI ke dvArA svapakSa kI siddhi nahIM karane para bhI yadi doSoM kA utthApana nahIM karanA prativAdI kA nigraha sthAna hai to aisA kahane vAlA saugata (bauddha) apane jar3apane se chala, jAti Adike vacana vyavahAra karane vAle mUrkha naiyAyikoM ko jIta rahA hai| bhAvArtha - jJAna svarUpa AtmA ko nahIM mAnane vAle bauddha jar3a haiM (jJAna zUnya haiM) aura jJAna se sarvathA bhinna AtmA ko mAnane vAle naiyAyika bhI jar3a haiN| ____kiMca (dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai) vAdI ke dvArA samIcIna hetu kA kathana kara dene para aura prativAdI ke dvArA doSoM kA utthApana nahIM karane para kyA prativAdI kA tiraskAra (nigraha sthAna) ho jAtA hai? athavA vAdI ke dvArA asatya hetu kA kathana karane para tathA prativAdI ke dvArA usameM doSoM kA udbhAvana nahIM karane para prativAdI kI parAjaya hotI hai? prathama pakSa meM akalaMka deva kA siddhAnta hI kaha diyA jAtA hai arthAt vAdI ke dvArA kiye gaye satya hetu ke prayoga meM jaba prativAdI doSa nahIM uThA sakatA taba prativAdI kI parAjaya ho jAtI hai| yaha syAdvAdavettA akalaMka deva kA siddhAnta hai| dvitIya pakSa ko svIkAra karane para lokabAdhita hote haiM arthAt svapakSa kI siddhi ke binA prativAdI kA nigraha karane para lokaviruddha hotA hai| kyoMki donoM ke pakSoM kI siddhi ke abhAva meM kisakA nigraha kiyA jA sakatA hai? arthAt kisI kA bhI nhiiN| isalie vAdI ke dvArA svapakSa kI siddhi kara dene para yadi prativAdI usakA khaNDana nahIM kara sakatA hai to prativAdI kI parAjaya ho jAtI hai||78-79|| ___isa dvitIya pakSa (vAdI ke dvArA sadoSa hetu ke kahane para bhI yadi prativAdI usakA khaNDana nahIM kara sakatA to prativAdI kI parAjaya ho jAtI hai) ke viSaya meM koI vidvAn kahate haiM ki isameM vAdI prativAdI donoM kA nigrahaNa (parAjaya) hotA hai| yaha kathana hamako iSTa hai| arthAt yadi vAdI kA hetu samIcIna nahIM hai aura prativAdI usakA khaNDana nahIM kara sakatA to vAdI aura prativAdI donoM kI parAjaya ho jAtI hai| kyoMki tattvajJAna pUrvaka kathana karane ke sAmarthya ke zUnyatva kI donoM meM koI vizeSatA nahIM hai arthAt vAdI, prativAdI donoM kA kathana tattvArtha ke kathana se rahita hai| jaise hetvAbhAsa vAdI (asatya hetu kA prayoga karane vAle) ko grahaNa kiye gaye svapakSa kA parijJAna nahIM hai, usI prakAra asatya (sadoSa) hetu meM doSoM kA utthApana nahIM karane vAle prativAdI ko bhI samIcIna dUSaNa kA jJAna nahIM hai| isalie tattvajJAna se zUnya hone se donoM hI samAna haiN|80-81 // yadi koI kahe ki sabhA ke bhaya se athavA anya kinhIM kAraNoM se prativAdI doSoM ko jAnatA huA bhI vAdI ke doSoM kA udbhAvana
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 204 jAnatopi sabhAbhIteranyato vA kutazcana / doSAnudbhAvanaM yadvatsAdhanAbhAsavAk tathA // 82 // doSAnudbhAvane tu syAdvAdinA prtivaadine| parasya nigrahastena nirAkaraNataH sphuTam // 83 // anyonyazaktinirghAtApekSayA hi jayetaraH / vyavasthA vAdinoH siddhAH nAnyathAtiprasaMgataH 84 // ityetadurvidagdhatve ceSTitaM prakaTaM na tu| vAdinaH kIrtikAri syAdevaM mAdhyasthahAnitaH // 5 // doSAnudbhAvanAkhyAnAdyathA prniraakRtiH| tathaiva vAdinA svasya dRSTavAn kA tiraskRtiH // 86 // doSAnudbhAvanAdekaM nyak kurvati sbhaasdH| sAdhanAnuktito nAnyamityaho te'tisajanAH // 87 // nahIM karatA hai to hama bhI kaha sakate haiM ki nirdoSa hetu ko jAnatA huA bhI vAdI sabhA ke bhaya se vA kinhIM anya kAraNoM se hetvAbhAsa kA prayoga karatA hai| isa prakAra donoM ke hI tattva jJAna pUrvaka kathana karane kA sAmarthya siddha nahIM ho rahA hai|82|| vAdI ke dvArA prativAdI ke prati doSoM kA udbhAvana nahIM karane para dUsare kA nigraha spaSTa rUpa se parapakSa kA nirAkaraNa karane se ho hI jAtA hai, anyathA nhiiN| ata: paraspara meM eka dUsare kI zakti kA vighAta karane kI apekSA se hI vAdI aura prativAdI ke jaya, parAjaya kI vyavasthA siddha hai| anyathA atiprasaMga doSa hone se jaya parAjaya kI vyavasthA nahIM hai| arthAt svapakSa kI siddhi aura parapakSa kA nirAkaraNa karanA hI vAdI yA prativAdI kI vijaya hai| svapakSa kI siddhi ke binA vijaya prApta nahIM ho sktii| yadi svapakSa siddhi aura . parapakSa ke nirAkaraNa ke binA hI jaya parAjaya mAneMge to atiprasaMga doSa aayegaa||83-84||. . __aba jainAcArya kahate haiM ki isa prakAra kathana karanA svakIya mUrkhatA kI ceSTA ko prakaTa karanA hai; sva kA durvidagdhapanA prakaTa karanA hai| kisI bhI upAya se prativAdI kI zakti kA vighAta karane kA prayatna karanA vAdI kI kIrti (ko karane vAlA) nahIM hai| kyoMki isa prakAra kA niMdanIya kArya karane se anya sabhya puruSoM ke mAdhyastha bhAva kI hAni hotI hai|85|| jisa prakAra prativAdI ke dvArA doSoM kA utthApana nahIM karane para prativAdI kA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai (prativAdI kI parAjaya ho jAtI hai), usI prakAra samIcIna hetu kA prayoga nahIM karane para vAdI ke dvArA svakIya tiraskAra kyoM nahIM dekhA jAtA hai? arthAt samIcIna hetu kA prayoga nahIM karane para vAdI kA tiraskAra kyoM nahIM hogA? // 86 // sabhAsada doSoM kA utthApana nahIM karane para vAdI aura prativAdI meM se eka prativAdI kA tiraskAra (nigraha sthAna) kara dete haiN| parantu samIcIna sAdhana kA kathana nahIM karane se vAdI kA tiraskAra (parAjaya) nahIM karate haiN| aho! ve sabhAsada AvazyakatA se bhI adhika sajjana haiM arthAt sadoSa hetu ko kahane vAle vAdI kA nigraha nahIM karake kevala sadoSa hetu meM doSoM kA udbhAvana nahIM karane vAle prativAdI kA hI nirAkaraNa karate haiM, ve sabhAsada nyAya ko nahIM jAnate haiN||87|| 1. mithyA Agrahavaza svakIya asatya pakSa ke abhimAna se satya pakSa ko grahaNa nahIM karanA durvidagdhapanA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 205 atra pareSAmAkUtamupadarya vicArayatipakSasiddhivihInatvAdekasyAtra praajye| parasyApi na kiM nu syAjjayopyanyatarasya tu // 88 // tathA caikasya yugapatsyAtAM jypraajyau| pakSasiddhItarAtmatvAttayoH sarvatra lokavat // 89 // tadekasya pareNeha nirAkaraNameva nH| parAjayo vicAreSu pakSAsiddhistu sA kva nuH||10|| parAjayapratiSThAnamapekSya pratiyoginAM / loke hi dRzyate yAdRk siddhaM zAstrepi tAdRzam // 11 // siddhyabhAvaH punardRSTaH satyapi prtiyogini| sAdhanAbhAvataH zUnye satyapi ca sa jAtucit // 12 // tannirAkRtisAmarthyazUnye vaadmkurvti| parAjayastatastasya prApta ityapare viduH||13|| isa prakaraNa meM jainAcArya dUsaroM ke abhiprAya ko dikhAkara vicAra karate haiM, arthAt chaha kArikAoM ke dvArA dUsare vidvAnoM ke mantavya ko kahate haiM - pakSa kI siddhi se rahita hone ke kAraNa eka kI parAjaya hone para dUsare (vAdI) kI parAjaya kyoM nahIM hotI hai? kyoMki sAdhanAbhAsa ko kahane vAlA vAdI aura doSoM ko udbhAvana nahIM karane vAlA prativAdI donoM hI svakIya pakSa kI siddhi karane vAle nahIM haiN| ata: vAdI kI jaya mAnane para prativAdI kI jaya bhI mAnanI pdd'egii| tathA aisA hone para vAdI yA prativAdI kI jaya aura parAjaya donoM eka sAtha ho jaayegii| kyoMki jaise loka meM jaya aura parAjaya kI vyavasthA prasiddha hai, usI prakAra zAstrArtha meM bhI svapakSa kI siddhi kara dene para vAdI kI vijaya aura svarUpa kI siddhi nahIM hone para parAjaya honA prasiddha hai arthAt jaya aura parAjaya pakSasiddhi aura pakSa kI asiddhi svarUpa hI hai|88-89|| isalie dUsare vidvAnoM ke dvArA eka vAdI yA prativAdI kA nirAkaraNa ho jAnA hI hamAre vicAroM meM parAjaya mAnI gaI hai| aisI avasthA meM kisI eka munaSya ke vaha pakSa kI asiddhi kahA~ raha sakatI hai? jaise loka meM pratiyogI (pratikUla) puruSoM kI apekSA karake parAjaya kI pratiSThA dekhI jAtI hai| apane pakSa ke pratikUla bolane vAle puruSa kI laukika vivAda meM parAjaya ho jAtI hai| usI prakAra zAstrIya vivAda meM bhI svakIya pakSa ke pratikUla bolane vAloM kI parAjaya dekhI jAtI hai||90-91|| "pratiyogI mAnava ke hone para bhI puna: samIcIna hetu kA abhAva hone se pakSasiddhi kA abhAva dekhA jAtA hai| tathA kabhI-kabhI pratiyogI kA abhAva hone para siddhi kA abhAva dekhA jAtA hai| isalie yaha siddha hotA hai ki usa pratiyogI ke nirAkaraNa karane ke sAmarthya se zUnya hone se vAda ko nahIM karane vAle mAnava ke hone para usakI parAjaya ho jAtI hai arthAt dUsare ko vAda ke sAmarthya se zUnya kara diyA jAe, athavA vaha mAnava vAda karane ke yogya nahIM rahatA hai- vahI vAdI kI parAjaya hai| aisA koI vidvAn kahate haiN|9293|| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki isa prakaraNa meM isa prakAra kahane vAle vidvAnoM ke abhimatoM para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| sarva prathama AcArya kahate haiM ki nirAkaraNa kA artha kyA hai? vAdI yA prativAdI ko kisI bhI prakAra se cupa kara denA mAtra usakA nirAkaraNa hai? athavA - samIcIna vacana vAle (vAgmI) ke dvArA abhISTa pakSa meM (tattva meM) dUSaNa denA nirAkaraNa hai?
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 206 tatredaM ciMtyate tAvattannirAkaraNaM kimu| nirmukhIkaraNaM kiM vA vAgmistattattvadUSaNam // 14 // nAnAdikalpanA yuktA parAnugrAhiNAM satAM / nirmukhIkaraNAvRtterbodhisattvAdivatkvacit // 15 // dvitIyakalpanAyAM tu pakSasiddheH praajyH| sarvasya vacanaistattvadUSaNe pratiyoginAm // 16 // siddhyabhAvastu yoginAmasati pratiyogini / sAdhanAbhAvatastatra kathaM vAde parAjayaH // 17 // yadaiva vAdinoH pakSaH prtipkssprigrhH| rAjanvati sadekasya pakSAsiddhastathaiva hi // 18 // sA tatra vAdino samyak saadhnoktervibhaavyte| tUSNIbhAvAcca nAnyatra naanydetyklNkvaak||99|| tUSNIbhAvothavA doSAnAzaktiH stysaadhne| vAdinokte parasyeSTA pakSasiddhirna cAnyathA // 100 // ina donoM pakSoM meM se Adi (prathama) pakSa kI kalpanA karanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| kyoMki bodhisattva Adi vidvAnoM ke samAna dUsaroM para anugraha karane vAle sajjana puruSoM kI kahIM bhI kisI ko cupa karane kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai arthAt jaise bodhisattva kI pravRtti sabake Upara vAtsalya bhAvasvarUpa hotI hai, usI prakAra sabhya puruSoM kI pravRtti dUsaroM kA anugraha karane vAlI hotI hai, tattva ko samajhAne kI hotI hai, usako cupa karane kI nhiiN||94-95|| yadi yuktipUrvaka tattvoM meM dUSaNa denA rUpa dvitIya pakSa kI kalpanA karane para to pakSa kI siddhi ho jAnA hI para (dUsare) kI parAjaya hai| tathA samIcIna hetu rUpa vacanoM ke dvArA pratiyogI (pratikUla bolane ke) ke tattva meM (pakSa meM) dUSaNa denA hI parAjaya hai| arthAt svapakSa siddhi aura para pakSa nirAkaraNa hI svajaya aura para kI parAjaya hai| pratiyogI vAdI ke nahIM hone para aura yogI ke (anukUla bolane vAle ke) samIpa samIcIna hetu kA abhAva hone se vAdI ke pakSa kI siddhi kA abhAva hai| ata: vAdI ke dvArA prativAdI kI parAjaya kaise ho sakatI hai? // 96-97 // "jisa kAla meM ucita rAjA ke sabhApati hone para nyAyI rAjA ke dvArA vAdI aura prativAdI ke pakSa aura pratipakSa kA grahaNa hotA hai vahA~ eka vAdI ke samIcIna pakSa kI siddhi ho jAne para prativAdI ke pratipakSa kI asiddhi ho jAtI hai; usI prakAra vAdI ke dvArA samIcIna nirdoSa hetu kA kathana karane se aura prativAdI ke cupa ho jAne para (pratyuttara nahIM dene para) vAdI ke pakSa kI siddhi aura prativAdI ke pakSa kI asiddhi jAna lI jAtI hai| anyatra (anya sthAna meM) aura anya kAla vA anya prakAra se pakSa kI siddhi nahIM jAnI jAta hai"| yaha akalaMka deva kA nirdoSa vAk (vacana) hai||98-99 // vAdI ke dvArA nirdoSa sAdhana kA kathana karane para jaba prativAdI cupa ho jAtA hai athavA vAdI ke nirdoSa hetu meM doSoM kA utthApana (udbhAvana) karane ke lie asamartha ho jAtA hai taba vAdI ke pakSa kI siddhi ho jAtI hai, anyathA vAdI ke pakSa kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI // 100 // isa prakAra samIcIna hetu ke dvArA pakSa kI siddhi mAnane para kisI bhI vAdI yA prativAdI ke abhISTa tattva kI siddhi karane meM koI AkSepa nahIM AtA hai| dUsare ke pakSa kA nirAkaraNa karane vAle kI kIrti hotI hai aura prativAdI kI apakIrti ko karane vAle kI parAjaya hotI hai| isa prakAra svapakSasiddhi aura parapakSa
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 207 kasyaciMttattvasaMsiddhyapratikSepo niraakRteH| kIrtiH parAjayovazyamakIrtikRditi sthitam // 101 // asAdhanAMgavacanamadoSodbhAvanaM dvyoH| na yuktaM nigrahasthAnaM saMdhAhAnyAdivattataH // 102 // ke punaste pratijJAhAnyAdaya ime kathyate? pratijJAhAniH, pratijJAMtaraM, pratijJAvirodhaH, pratijJAsaMnyAsaH, hetvaMtaraM, arthAMtaraM, nirarthakaM, avijJAtArthaM, apArthakaM, aprAptakAlaM, punaruktaM, ananubhASaNaM, ajJAnaM, apratibhA, paryanuyogyAnupekSaNaM, niranuyojyAnuyogaH, vikSepaH, matAnujJA, nyUnaM, adhikaM, apasiddhAMtaH, hetvAbhAsaH, chalaM, jAtiriti / tatra pratijJAhAninigrahasthAnaM kathamayuktamityAha pratidRSTAMtadharmasya yAnujJA nyaaydrshne| svadRSTAMte matA saiva pratijJAhAniraizvaraiH // 103 // pratidRSTAMtadharmAnujJA svadRSTAMte prtijnyaahaanirityksspaadvcnaat| evaM sUtramanUdya parIkSaNArthaM bhASyamanuvadatisAdhyadharmaviruddhena dharmeNa prtyvsthite| anyadRSTAMtadharma svdRssttaante'bhynujaantH||104|| pratijJAhAnirityeva bhASyakArAgraho na vaa| prakArAMtaropyasyAH syAt saMbhavAccittavibhramAt // 105 // nirAkRti meM hI vAdI kI vijaya sthita h||101|| isalie bauddhoM ke dvArA kathita asAdhanAMga vacana (hetu ke aMgoM kA kathana nahIM karanA) aura hetu ke doSoM kA utthApana nahIM karanA, ye donoM hI nigraha sthAna haiN| aisA kahanA yukti-saMgata nahIM hai| jaise naiyAyikoM ke dvArA kathita pratijJAhAni, pratijJAntara Adi ko nigrahasthAna kahanA ucita nahIM hai||102|| __isalie AcArya kahate haiM ki bauddha aura naiyAyikoM ke dvArA svIkRta nigrahasthAna kI vyavasthA prazasta nahIM hai| . naiyAyikoM ke dvArA kalpita pratijJAhAni Adi nigrahasthAna kaunase haiM? aisA pUchane para jainAcArya kahate haiM- pratijJAhAni, pratijJAntara, pratijJAvirodha, pratijJAsaMnyAsa, hetvantara, arthAntara, nirarthaka, avijJAtArtha, apArthaka, aprAptakAla, punarukta, ananubhASaNa, ajJAna, apratibhA, paryAnuyogyAnupekSaNa, niranuyojyAnuyoga, vikSepa, matAnujJA, nyUna, adhika, apasiddhAnta, hetvAbhAsa, chala aura jAti ye caubIsa naiyAyika ke dvArA svIkRta pratijJA Adi nigraha sthAna mAne haiN| inakA lakSaNa Age kheNge| naiyAyika ke dvArA kathita ye caubIsa nigrahasthAna yukta nahIM haiM, unameM sarvaprathama pratijJAhAni nAmaka nigraha sthAna ayukta kyoM hai? aisI jijJAsA hone para kahate haiM - IzvaroM ne (Izvara kI upAsanA karane vAle naiyAyikoM ne) nyAya darzana meM svakIya dRSTAnta meM pratikUla pakSa sambandhI dRSTAnta dharma kI svIkAratA ko hI pratijJAhAni kahA hai||103|| ___ gautama RSi ke dvArA racita nyAya darzana ma "pratidRSTAntadharmAnujJA svadRSTAnte pratijJAhAniH" svakIya dRSTAnta meM pratikUla pakSa sambandhI dRSTAnta ke dharma kI svIkAratA hI pratijJAhAni hai| aisA akSapAda kA vacana hai| isa akSapAda ke sUtra kA anuvAda karake parIkSA karane ke lie zrI vidyAnanda AcArya bhASya kahate haiM nyAya bhASya meM likhA hai ki svakIya abhISTa sAdhya dharma ke viruddha dharma ke dvArA pratyavasthAna (dUSaNa) uThAne para anya pratikUla dRSTAnta ke dharma ko apane iSTa dRSTAnta meM svIkAra kara lene vAle vAdI kA pratijJAhAni nAmaka nigrahasthAna ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra bhASyakAra kA Agraha ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki vaktA ke citta meM vibhrama ho jAne se yA anya kisI prakAra se pratijJAhAni hone kI saMbhAvanA hai||104-105 //
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 208 vinazvarasvabhAvoyaM zabda aiNdriyktvtH| yathA ghaTa iti prokte paraH pratyavatiSThate // 106 // dRSTamaiMdriyakaM nityaM sAmAnyaM tadvadastu naH / zabdopIti svaliMgasya jJAnAttenApisaMmataM // 107 / / kAmaM ghaTopi nityostu sAmAnyaM yadizAzvataM / ityevaM bhASyamANena pratijJotpadyate katham // 108 // dRSTAMtasya parityAgAtsvahetoH prakRtakSateH / nigamAMtasya pakSasya tyAgAditi mataM yadi // 109 // tathA dRSTAMtahAniH syaatsaakssaadiymnaakulaa| sAdhyadharmaparityAgAd dRSTAMte sveSTasAdhane // 110 // pAraMparyeNa tu tyAgo hetUpanayayorapi / udAharaNahAnau hi nAnayorasti sAdhutA // 111 // nigamasya parityAgaH pakSabAdhepi vA svayaM / tathA ca na pratijJAtahAnireveti saMgatam // 112 // pakSatyAgAtpratijJAyAstyAgastasya tdaashriteH| pakSatyAgopi dRSTAMtatyAgAditi ydiissyte||113|| hetvAdityAgatopi syAt pratijJAtyajanaM tdaa| tata: pakSaparityAgAvizeSAnniyamaH kutH||114|| "indriyajanya pratyakSa jJAna kA viSaya hone se yaha zabda anitya hai (vinazvara svabhAva vAlA hai), jaise indriyajanya pratyakSa jJAna kA viSaya hone se ghaTa vinAzazIla haiN|" aisA vAdI ke dvArA kahane para prativAdI dUSaNa uThAtA hai ki indriyajanya jJAna kA viSaya sAmAnya padArtha nitya hai, usI ke samAna hamAre yahA~ zabda bhI nitya hai| isa prakAra svaliMga (indriyajanyatva) kA jJAna hojAne se vAdI ne bhI usako svIkAra kara liyA hai ki yadi sAmAnya jAti nitya hai to yatheSTa rUpa se ghaTa bhI nitya ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra naiyAyika ke kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki isa prakAra kahane vAle vAdI apane dRSTAnta ghaTa kA nityapanA svIkAra karate . hue pratijJA kaise utpanna kara sakatA hai? // 106-107-108 // dRSTAnta kA parityAga ho jAne se apane hetu se, prakaraNa prApta sAdhya kI kSati ho jAne se aura nigamana paryanta pakSa kA tyAga ho jAne se (yadi) pratijJA hAni mAnate haiM, arthAt dRSTAnta kI hAni hone se pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana ina pA~coM kI hAni ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra bhASyakAra ke kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki taba to svaiSTa sAdhaka dRSTAnta meM sAdhya dharma (anitya) kA parityAga ho jAne se yaha sAkSAt nirAkula dRSTAnta kI hAni hai arthAt isako pratijJAhAni na kahakara dRSTAnta hAni kahanA caahie||109110|| yadi bhASyakAra kahe ki yadyapi sAkSAt rUpa se dRSTAnta kI hAni hai tathApi paramparA se pratijJA kI hI hAni hotI hai| isake pratyuttara meM jainAcArya kahate haiM ki paramparA se to hetu aura upanaya kI hAni bhI ho jAtI hai| kyoMki udAharaNa kI hAni ho jAne para niyama se hetu aura upanaya kI samIcInatA bhI nahIM raha sktii| tathA pratijJAsvarUpa pakSa ke bAdhita ho jAne para nigamana kA parityAga bhI svayaM ho jAtA hai| isalie pratijJAhAni hI nigraha sthAna hai| aisA bhASyakAra kA ekAnta Agraha karanA susaMgata nahIM hai||111-112|| ___ bhASyakAra kA kathana hai ki pakSa ke Azrita hone ke kAraNa pakSa kA tyAga hone se pratijJA kA bhI tyAga ho jAtA hai| tathA dRSTAnta kA tyAga hone se pakSa kA tyAga ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra bhASyakAra ne svIkAra kiyA hai| isake pratyuttara meM jainAcArya kahate haiM ki taba to hetu, upanaya Adi ke tyAga se bhI pratijJA kA tyAga
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 209 sAdhyadharmapratyanIkadharmeNa pratyavasthitaH pratidRSTAMtadharma svadRSTAMtenujAnan pratijJAM jahAtIti pratijJAhAniH / yathA anityaH zabdaH aiMdriyakatvAt ghaTavaditi bruvan pareNa dRSTamaiMdriyakaM sAmAnyaM nityaM kasmAnna tathA zabda ityevaM pratyavasthitaH / prayuktasya hetorAbhAsatAmavazyamapi kathAvasAnamakurvannizcayamatilaMghya pratijJAtyAgaM karoti, yatheMdriyakaM sAmAnyaM nityaM kAmaM ghaTopi nityostu iti| sa khalvayaM sasAdhanasya dRSTAMtasya nityatvaM prasajjanigamAMtameva pakSaM ca parityajan pratijJAM jahAtItyucyate pratijJAzrayatvAtpakSasyeti bhaassykaarmtmaaluunvistiirnnmaadrshitm|| pratijJAhAnisUtrasya vyAkhyAM vaartikkRtpunH| karotyevaM virodhena nyAyabhASyakRtaH sphuTam // 115 // dRSTazzAMte sthitazcAyamiti dRSTAMta ucyate / svadRSTAMtaH svapakSaH syAt pratipakSaH punrmtH||116|| ho jAtA hai| isalie pakSa ke parityAga kI vizeSatA na hone se bhASyakAra kA niyama surakSita kaise raha sakatA hai arthAt jaise hetu Adi ke tyAga se pratijJA kI hAni hone se nigraha sthAna saMbhava hai, isalie pakSa ke tyAga se hI pratijJAhAni nAmaka nigraha sthAna hotA hai| yaha niyama nahIM raha sakatA hai||113-114|| nyAya bhASya kA kathana bhI hai ki sAdhya rUpa dharma ke pratyanIka (pratikUla) dharma ke dvArA pratyavasthAna (dUSaNa) ko prApta huA vAdI yadi pratikUla dRSTAnta ke dharma ko svakIya dRSTAnta meM svIkAra kara lene kI anumati de detA hai, to vaha apanI pUrva meM kI gaI pratijJA ko chor3a detA hai| ata: yaha vAdI kA pratijJAhAni nAmaka nigraha sthAna hai| jaise ghaTa ke samAna indriyajanya jJAna ke dvArA grahaNa karane yogya hone se zabda anitya hai, isa prakAra kahane vAlA vAdI prativAdI ke dvArA indriyajanya jJAna ke dvArA grAhya sAmAnya nitya kahA gayA hai, dekhA gayA hai, usa prakAra zabda nitya kyoM nahIM hai?" isa prakAra dUSita kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra prativAdI ke dvArA prayukta hetu ke vyabhicAra (hetvAbhAsa) ko jAnatA huA bhI vAda kathA kA avasAna (samApti) nahI karatAhuA vAdI svakIya nizcita pakSa kA ullaMghana karake pratijJA kA tyAga kara detA hai ki yadi indriyajanya jJAna grAhya sAmAnya nitya hai to ghaTa bhI indriyajJAna grAhya hone se nitya ho jAo? nizcaya se isa prakAra kahane vAlA vaha vAdI hetu sahita dRSTAnta ke nityatva kA prasaMga karAtA huA (arthAt dRSTAnta ko nitya mAnatA huA) aura nigamana paryanta pakSa ko chor3atA huA pratijJA kA tyAga kara detA hai| isalie kahA jAtA hai ki pakSa ke Azraya pratijJA hai| isa prakAra bhASyakAra ke mantavya ko chinna, bhinna karake (bikhera kara) AcAryadeva ke dvArA dikhAyA gayA hai| nyAya vArttika grantha ke kartA udyotakara pratijJAhAni ke pratipAdaka lakSaNa sUtra kI vyAkhyA nyAyabhASya kRta kA virodha karake spaSTa rUpa se isa prakAra karate haiM ki dRSTa arthAt vicAra ke anta meM sthita ko dRSTAnta kahate haiN| arthAt dRSTAnta ke anta meM jo sthita hai yaha dRSTAnta kahA jAtA hai| ataH dRSTAnta kA artha pakSa hai| svadRSTAnta kA artha svapakSa hai, isI prakAra pratidRSTAnta kA artha pratipakSa mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra usa dharma ko nahIM jAnatA huA pratipakSa ke dharma ko svapakSa meM svIkAra karane vAle puruSa ke nyAya ke avirodha se isa prakAra pratijJA kara lenA hai ki indriyagrAhya sAmAnya yadi nitya hai to vaisA indriyagrAhya hone se zabda
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 210 pratidRSTAMta eveti taddharmamanujAnataH / svapakSe syAtpratijJAnamiti nyAyAvirodhataH // 117 // sAmAnyamaiMdriyaM nityaM yadizabdopi taadRshH| nityostviti bruvaannsyaanitytvtyaagnishcyaat||118|| ityetacca na yuktaM syAdudyotakarajADyakRt / pratijJAhAniritthaM tu yatastenAvadhAryate // 119 // sA hetvAdiparityAgAt prtipkssprsaadhnaa| prAyaH pratIyate vAde maMdabodhasya vAdinaH // 120 // yathAha udyotakara: dRSTAzcAsAvaMte ca vyavasthita iti dRSTAMtaH svapakSaH, pratidRSTAMta: pratipakSaH pratipakSasya dharmaM svapakSebhyanujAnan pratijJA jhaati| yadi sAmAnyamaiMdriyakaM nityaM zabdopyevamastviti tadetadapi tasya jADyakAri saMlakSyate / itthameva prtijnyaahaanervdhaaryitumshkteH| pratipakSaprasAdhanAddhi pratijJAyAH kila hAni: saMpadyate sA tu hetvAdiparityAgAdapi kasyacinmaMdabuddhervAdino vAdiprAyeNa pratIyate na punaH pratipakSasya dharma svapakSebhyanujAnata eva yenAyamekaprakAraH pratijJAhAnau syaat| tathA vikSepAdibhirAkulIbhAvAt prakRtyA samAbhIrutvAdanyamanaskatvAdervA nimittaat| kiMcitsAdhyatvena pratijJAya tadviparItaM pratijanirupalabhyata eva bhI nitya ho sakatA hai| aisA kahane vAle vAdI ke zabda ke anityatva kI pratijJA kA tyAga hotA hai| aisA nizcaya hai| arthAt zabda ke anityatva kI pratijJA ko chor3a dene vAle vAdI ke pratijJAhAni nigraha-sthAna mAnanA caahie|115-118|| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki - aisA kahanA jADyakRta hone se (mUrkhatA ko prakaTa karane vAlA hone se) udyotakara kA yaha kathana yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| jisa kAraNa se udyotakara ke dvArA isa prakAra se pratijJAhAni kA honA niyamita kiyA jAtA hai, vaha ThIka hI hai| kyoMki, hetu, dRSTAnta Adi ke parityAga se hI pratijJA kI hAni ho sakatI hai| pratipakSasAdhanA vahI kahalAtI hai arthAt jaba taka prativAdI dvArA svakIya pratipakSa kI siddhi nahIM kI jAegI, taba taka vAdI kA nigraha sthAna nahIM ho sktaa| prAya: bAda meM maMdajJAna vAle vAdI kI kisI kAraNa se vA anya kisI nimitta se Atura ho jAne se pratijJA chUTa jAtI hai, vaha viparItatA grahaNa kara letA hai-aisA pratIta hotA hai| isalie niyama se una naiyAyika Adi ke dvArA kahe gaye vacana meM sUtra kA artha yathArtha vyavasthita nahIM hai| arthAt Apta ke vacana hI yathArtha haiM // 119-121 // udyotakara kahatA hai ki dRSTa hai (vicArayukta hai) vaha anta (dharma) jisakA vaha dRSTAnta kahalAtA hai| arthAt pakSa ke dharma jisameM dRSTigocara hote haiM, vaha dRSTAnta kahalAtA hai| dRSTAnta kA artha hai-svapakSa aura pratidRSTAnta kA artha hai prtipkss| pratipakSa ke dharma ko svapakSa meM svIkAra karane vAlA vAdI svapratijJA ko chor3a detA hai| jaise indriyajJAna grAhya jAti nitya hai - vaise indriyajJAna grAhya hone se zabda ko bhI nitya svIkAra kara letA hai| isa prakAra udyotakara ke kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki udyotakara kA kathana usake jADya ko hI prakaTa kara rahA hai| kyoMki, isa prakAra pratijJAhAni kA nizcaya karanA zakya nahIM hai| pratipakSa kI siddhi kara dene para hI pratijJA kI hAni hotI hai| tathA yaha hAni hetu Adi ke parityAga se bhI kisI-kisI manda buddhi vAle vAdI ke prAyaH karake vAda meM pratIta ho jAtA hai| kintu phira pratipakSI ke dharma ko svapakSa meM svIkAra kara lene se hI pratijJAhAni nahIM hai jisase ki pratijJAhAni nAmaka nigraha sthAna meM pratipakSa ke dharma
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 211 puruSabhrAMteraneka kaarnntvopptteH| tato nAptopajJamevedaM sUtraM bhASyakArasya vArtikakArasya ca vyavasthApayitumazakyatvAt yuktyaagmvirodhaat| atra dharmakIrterdUSaNamupadarzya pariharannAha kutazcidAkulIbhAvAdanyato vA nimittataH / tathA tadvAci sUtrArtho niyamAnna vyvsthitH|121| yastvAhaiMdriyakatvasya vyabhicArAdvinazvare / zabdasAdhye na hetutvaM sAmAnyeneti sopyadhIH // 122 // siddhasAdhanatasteSAM saMdhAhAnezca bhedataH / sAdhanaM vyabhicAritvAttadanaMtarataH kutH||123|| sAstyeva hi pratijJAnahAnirdoSaH kutazcana / kasyacinnigrahasthAnaM tanmAtrAttu na yujyte||124|| yeSAM prayogayogyAsti pratijJAnumitIraNe / teSAM taddhAnirapyastu nigraho vA prasAdhane // 125 // ko svapakSa meM svIkAra kara lanA mAtra hI eka pratijJAhAni nigraha sthAna ho sakatA hai| arthAt pratijJAhAni aneka prakAra se ho sakatI hai| tathA, vikSepAdi ke dvArA vAdI ke Akulita ho jAne se, svabhAva se hI sabhA meM bhIrutva hone se vA vAdI kA citta idhara udhara bhaTaka jAne se athavA kinhIM anya prakaraNoM meM laga jAne se vA kisI nimitta kAraNa se kisI dharma ko sAdhya rUpa se pratijJA karake usa sAdhya se viparIta dharma ko kucha kSaNa ke lie svIkAra karane kI pratijJA kara lenA hI dekhA jAtA hai| kyoMki puruSoM ko bhrAntajJAna hone ke aneka kAraNa bana jAte haiN| isase siddha hotA hai ki naiyAyikoM kA siddhAnta yathArtha vaktA Apta ke dvArA kahA huA nahIM hai kyoMki bhASyakAra aura vArtikakAra ke sUtra kI vyavasthApanA karanA zakya nahIM hai, kAraNa ki unakA sUtrArtha Agama aura yukti se viruddha hai| aba yahA~ dharmakIrti ke dUSaNa ko dikhAkara usakA parihAra karate hue AcArya kahate haiM jo dharmakIrti kahatA hai ki zabda ko vinazvara sAdhya karane ke lie aindriyakatva hetu kA sAmAnya padArtha ke sAtha vyabhicAra hone se aindriyakatva hetu samIcIna nahIM hai- isa prakAra kahane vAlA vaha dharmakIrti bhI buddhimAna nahIM hai (mUrkha hai) // 121 // kyoMki aisA kahane para unakA hetu siddhasAdhana doSa se yukta ho jAtA haiN| tathA pratijJAhAni nAmaka doSa se bheda hone ke kAraNa vAdI kA hetu kisI bhI kAraNa se usake avyavahita kAla meM vyabhicArI ho jAtA hai| isalie pratijJAhAni doSa to kisI-na-kisI kAraNa se hai hii| parantu kevala pratijJAhAni se hI kisI bhI vAdI kA nigrahasthAna kara denA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai||122-124 // . jinake siddhAnta meM anumati ke kathana karane meM pratijJA vAkya prayoga karane yogya mAnA gayA hai, unake yahA~ pratijJA kI hAni bhI nigrahasthAna ho sakatA hai| kintu prativAdI ke dvArA svakIya pakSa kI siddhi kara dene rUpa prayojana kI siddhi kara dene para vAdI kA nigraha ho sakatA hai| arthAt prativAdI ke dvArA svakIya siddhAnta artha kI samIcIna hetu ke dvArA siddhi kara dene para hI vAdI kA nigraha honA saMbhava hai, anyathA nhiiN| arthAt svapakSa kI siddhi binA vAdI kA nigraha nahIM ho sktaa| yaha siddhAnta nizcita hai| kyoMki svakIya pakSa kI siddhi hI jaya hai, yaha kathana hai||125-126 / /
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 212 pareNa sAdhite svArthe nAnyatheti hi nizcitaM / svapakSasiddhirevAtra jaya itybhidhaantH||126|| gamyamAnA pratijJA na yeSAM teSAM ca tatkSatiH / gamyamAnaiva doSa: syAditi sarvaM samaMjasam // 127 // na hi vayaM pratijJAhAnirdoSa eva na bhavatIti saMgirAmahe anaikAMtikatvAt sAdhanadoSAt pazcAt tadbhAvAt tato bhedena prasiddheH / pratijJAM prayojyAM sAmarthyagamyAM vA vadatastaddhAnestathaivAbhyupagamanIyatvAt sarvathA tAmanicchato vAdina evAsaMbhavAt ke valametasmAdeva nimittAt pratijJAhAnirbhavati pratipakSasiddhimaMtareNa ca kasyacinnigrahAdhikaraNamityetanna kSamyate tttvvyvsthaapyitumshkteH|| pratijJAMtaramidAnImanuvadatipratiSedhe pratijJAtArthasya dhrmviklptH| yosau tadarthanirdezastatpratijJAMtaraM kila // 128 // pratijJAtArthapratiSedhe dharmavikalpAttadarthanirdezaH pratijJAMtaraM tallakSaNasUtramanenoktamidaM vyAcaSTe- .. jinake siddhAnta meM pratijJA sAmarthya se jAna lI jAtI hai- unake pratijJA kI hAni nahIM hotI hai| jaba pratijJA gamyamAna hai taba pratijJA kA hAnirUpa doSa bhI samaMjasa (samIcIna) hai| arthAt pratijJA gamyamAna hone para pratijJAhAni doSa bhI gamyamAna hotA hai||127|| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki "pratijJAhAni nAmaka doSa hI nahIM hai"- aisA hama pratijJApUrvaka nahIM kahate haiM, kyoMki hetu kA doSa anaikAntika hone se, pazcAt pratijJAhAni kA sadbhAva hone se| parantu pratijJA hAni anaikAntika doSa se bhinna prasiddha hai| jo vidvAna pratijJA ko zabda dvArA prayoga karane yogya vA zabdoM se nahIM kaha kara arthApatti se gamyamAna kahate haiM, unake yahA~ pratijJA kI hAni bhI usI prakAra zabda ke dvArA kahane yogya vA arthApatti ke dvArA jAnane yogya svIkAra kara lenA caahie| sarvathA pratijJA ko nahIM mAnane vAle vAdI kI asaMbhavatA hai| kevala isa nimitta mAtra se pratijJAhAni hotI hai| prativAdI dvArA pratipakSa kI siddhi kiye binA jisa kisI bhI upAya se vAdI kA nigrahasthAna karanA kSamya nahIM hai| kyoMki aisI prakriyAoM se tattva vyavasthA karanA zakya nahIM hai| arthAt jisa kisI prakAra se tattva vyavasthA nahIM ho sktii| aba pratijJAntara nigraha sthAna ke sambandha meM kahate haiM - pratijJAta artha kA niSedha karane para dharma ke vikalpa se (pakSa ke vikalpa se) jo sAdhya siddhi ke lie artha kA nirdeza kiyA jAtA hai| nizcaya se vaha pratijJAntara nAmaka nigraha sthAna hai||128|| ___ vAdI dvArA pratijJAta (svIkRta) artha vA prativAdI ke dvArA pratiSedha karane para vAdI usa dUSaNa ko dUra karane kI icchA se dharmAntara (pakSAntara) ke vikalpa se pratijJAta artha kA anya vizeSaNa se viziSTa karake kathana karatA hai vaha pratijJAntara hai| arthAt jisa dharma ko kahane kI pratijJA kI thI usako palaTa kara dUsarI pratijJA kara lenA pratijJAntara hai| yaha naiyAyikoM ke guru gautama RSi ke dvArA kathita pratijJAntara nigraha sthAna kA lakSaNa hai| isI kI vidyAnanda AcArya vyAkhyA karate haiM
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 213 ghaTo'sarvagato yadvattathA zabdopyasarvagaH / tadvadevAstu nityoyamiti dharmavikalpanAt // 129 // sAmAnye.driyatvasya sarvagatvopadarzitaM / vyabhicArepi pUrvasyAH pratijJAyAH prasiddhaye // 130 // zabdo'sarvagatastAvaditi sattvAMtaraM kRtam / tacca tatsAdhanAzaktamiti bhASye na nigrahaH // 131 // anityaH zabdaH aiMdriyakatvAghaTavadityeka: sAmAnyamaiMdriyakaM nityaM kasmAnna tathA zabda iti dvitIyaH / sAdhanasthAnakAMtikatvaM sAmAnyenodbhAvayati tena pratijJAtArthasya pratiSedhe sati taM doSamanuddharana dharmavikalpa karoti, soyaM zabdo'sarvagato ghaTavadAhosvitsarvagataH sAmAnyavaditi? yadyasarvagato ghaTavattadA tadvadevAnityostviti bruute| soyaM sarvagatatvAsarvagatatvadharmavikalpAttadarthanirdezaH pratijJAMtaraM anityaH zabda iti pratijJAto'sarvagato anityaH zabda iti pratijJAyA anytvaat| tadidaM nigrahasthAnaM sAdhanasAmarthyAparijJAnAdvAdinaH / na cottarapratijJApUrvapratijJAM sAdhayatyatiprasaMgAt iti parasyAkUtaM / / jisa prakAra ghaTa asarvagata hai, usI prakAra zabda bhI asarvagata hai, usa aindriyaka sAmAnya ke samAna yaha zabda nitya bhI hai| isa prakAra dharma kI vikalpanA karane se aindriyakatva hetu kA sAmAnya jAti ke sAtha vyabhicAra ho jAne para vAdI dvArA svakIya pUrva kI pratijJA kI prasiddhi ke lie zabda kA sarvavyApakapanA vikalpa dikhalAyA gayA hai ki taba to zabda asarvagata ho jaae| isa prakAra vAdI ne dUsarI pratijJA kii| parantu, vaha dUsarI pratijJA usa apane prakRta pakSa ko sAdhane meM samartha nahIM hai (isa prakAra bhASya grantha meM vAdI kA nigraha honA mAnA jAtA hai| kintu yaha prazasta mArga nahIM hai)||129-131|| zabda anitya hai bahiraMga indriya ke dvArA grAhya hone se ghaTa ke samAna / isa prakAra vAdI ke kahane para prativAdI ne zabda ke anityapane kA khaNDana kiyA ki zabda nitya hai indriyajanya jJAna kA viSaya hone se, jaise saamaany| ataH sAmAnya ke samAna zabda bhI nitya kyoM nahIM hogA? isa prakAra dUsarA prativAdI kahatA hai| yaha kathana aindriyikatva hetu kA sAmAnya ke dvArA vyabhicAra doSa hone se prativAdI ke dvArA udbhAvana kiyA jAtA hai| isalie aisI dazA meM vAdI ke pratijJAta artha kA usa prativAdI dvArA niSedha ho jAne para vAdI usa vyabhicAra doSa kA uddhAra (udbhAvana) nahIM karatA huA dharma (pakSa) ke vikalpa ko karatA hai ki kyA hai? zabda ghaTa Adi ke samAna avyApaka hai (asarvagata hai ki) sAmAnya ke samAna sarvagata (sarva vyApaka) hai? yadi ghaTa ke samAna zabda asarvagata hai taba to ghaTa ke samAna vaha zabda anitya bhI hai| aisA vAdI kahatA hai| taba vAdI zabda ke sarvagata aura asarvagata dharmoM ke vikalpa se usa pratijJAta artha kA kathana karatA hai, yaha vAdI kA nirdeza dUsarI pratijJA karanA hone se pratijJAntara hai| kyoMki pUrva pratijJA (pakSa) thI ki "zabda anitya hai" isa pratijJA se "zabda avyApaka hai, anitya hone se|" yaha dUsarI pratijJA hai| arthAt prathama pratijJA meM zabda ko anitya siddha karanA hai| dUsarI pratijJA meM zabda ko avyApaka siddha kara rahe haiN| yaha pUrva pratijJA se bhinna (anya) hai| isalie yaha vAdI kA pratijJAntara nAmaka nigraha sthAna hai| kyoMki vAdI ko apane prayukta hetu ke sAmarthya kA parijJAna nahIM hai| uttara kAla meM kI gaI apUrva (dUsarI) pratijJA pUrva kI pratijJA ko siddha nahIM karatI hai| yadi dUsarI pratijJA pUrva pratijJA ko siddha karatI hai to atiprasaMga doSa AtA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 214 atra dharmakIrteH dUSaNamupadarzayatinAtredaM yujyate pUrvapratijJAyAH prsaadhne| prayuktAyAH parasyAstadbhAvahAnena hetuvat // 132 // tadasarvagatatvena pryuktaardaidriytvtH| zabdAnityatvamAhAyamiti hetvaMtaraM bhavet // 133 // na pratijJAMtaraM tasya kvcidpypryogtH| prajJAvatAM jaDAnAM tu nAdhikAro vicAraNe // 134 // viruddhAdiprayogastu prAjJAnAmapi sNbhvaat| kutazcidvibhramAttatretyAhuranye tadapyasat // 135 // pratijJAtArthasiddhyarthaM pratijJAyAH smiikssnnaat| bhrAMtaiH prayujyamAnAyAH vicAre siddhahetuvat / 136 // prAjJopi vibhrmaadbyaadvaade'siddhaadisaadhnm| svapakSasiddhiryena syAtsattvamityatidurghaTam / 137 // tato pratipattivatpratijJAMtaraM kasyacitsAdhanasAmarthyAparijJAnAt prtijnyaahaanivt|| tarhi kathamidamayuktamityAhaataH pratijJA antara ho jAnA vAdI kA nigraha sthAna hai| yaha naiyAyika kA siddhAnta hai| yahA~ pratijJAntara meM dharmakIrti ke dvArA diye gaye dUSaNa ko vidyAnanda AcArya dikhAte haiM - dharmakIrti bauddha kahate haiM ki "isa pratijJAntara nigraha sthAna meM naiyAyikoM kA kathana karanA yukta nahIM par3atA hai| kyoMki pUrva pratijJA ke prasAdhana (siddha karane) meM prayukta kI gaI dUsarI pratijJA ko usa pratijJApana kI hAni ho jAtI hai, jaise ki viruddha hetu ko prayoga karane para pUrva hetu ke hetutva kI hAni ho jAtI hai| yaha vAdI apane prayukta kiye indriya jJAna grAhyatva hetu se asarvagata hetu ke dvArA zabda ke anityatva ko siddha karatA hai ataH yaha pratijJAntara nigraha sthAna na hokara hetvantara nigraha sthAna hai| kyoMki buddhimAnoM ne kahIM para bhI pratijJA aura pratijJAntara kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai| jo apatti se pratijJA aura pratijJAntara ko nahIM samajhate haiM una jar3a buddhi vAle mUoM kA tattvoM ke vicAra meM adhikAra nahIM hai| viruddha vyabhicAra Adi hetvAbhAsoM kA prayoga karanA viziSTa vidvAnoM ke bhI kisI vibhrama ke kAraNa saMbhava ho sakatA hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki bauddhoM kA yaha kathana bhI prazaMsanIya nahIM hai| kyoMki bhrAnta puruSoM ke dvArA pratijJAta artha kI siddhi ke lie vicAra koTi meM prayukta kI gaI anya (dUsarI) pratijJA bhI dekhI jAtI hai| jaise pUrva hetu kI siddhi ke lie anya hetu kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai||132-136 / / tathA buddhimAna puruSa bhI vAda meM vibhrama ho jAne se asiddha, viruddha Adi hetu kA prayoga kara lete haiN| parantu jisa hetu se svapakSa kI siddhi hotI hai vahI hetu prazaMsanIya hotA hai| ata: bauddhoM ke dvArA kathita sattva hetu kA ghaTita honA durghaTa hai| sattva hetu kisI prakAra ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA hai||137|| isalie kisI eka vAdI ko sAdhana ke sAmarthya kA parijJAna nahIM hone se pratijJAhAni ke samAna pratijJAntara nAmaka nigraha sthAna kI pratipatti nahIM ho sktii| arthAt bauddhoM ke anusAra pratijJAntara ke niSedha kI vyavasthA yukta nahIM hai| prazna - pratijJAntara ayukta kyoM hai? aisA pUchane para AcArya kahate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 215 tatonenaiva mArgeNa pratijJAMtarasaMbhavaH / ityetadeva niyuktistaddhi nAnAnimittakaM // 138 // pratijJAhAnitazcAsya bhedaH kthmupeyte| pakSatyAgavizeSepi yogairiti ca vismyH||139|| pratidRSTAMtadharmasya svdRssttaaNtebhynujnyyaa| yathA pakSaparityAgastathA saMdhAMtarAdapi // 140 // svapakSasiddhaye yadvatsaMdhAMtaramudAhRtaM / bhrAMtyA tadvacca zabdopi nityostviti na kiM punH||141|| zabdAnityatvasiddhyarthaM nityaH zabda itIraNaM / svasthasya vyAhataM ydvttthaa'srvgshbdvaak||142|| tataH pratijJAhAnireva pratijJAMtaraM nimittabhedAttadbhedairnigrahasthAnAMtarANAM prsNgaat| teSAM tatrAMtarbhAve pratijJAMtarasyeti pratijJAhAnAvantarbhAvasya nivaaryitumshkteH|| pratijJAvirodhamanUdya vicArayannAha pratijJAyA virodho yo hetunA sNprtiiyte| sa pratijJAvirodha: syAdityetacca na yuktimat // 143 // ____ uttara - "isalie naiyAyika ke dvArA kathita isa mArga se hI pratijJAntara nigraha sthAna saMbhava hai|" aisA kahanA bhI yukti rahita hai| kyoMki vaha pratijJAntara nigraha sthAna aneka prakAroM se saMbhava ho sakatA hai||138|| tathA pratijJAhAni se isa pratijJAntara kA bheda kaise ho sakatA hai| arthAta pratijJAhAni se bhinna pratijJAntara nigraha sthAna ko naiyAyika kaise svIkAra kara sakate haiM? pakSarUpa pratijJA kA tyAga nAmaka pratijJAhAni aura pratijJAntara meM koI vizeSatA nahIM hone para bhI naiyAyikoM ke dvArA pratijJAntara nAmaka bhinna nigraha sthAna svIkAra karanA yaha AzcaryakAraka hai||139|| : jisa prakAra pratikUla dRSTAnta ko dharma ke svakIya dRSTAnta meM svIkAra karane para vAdI ke pakSa kA parityAga (pratijJA hAni) ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra pratijJAntara se bhI vAdI ke pakSa kA parityAga ho jAtA hai||140|| ___ jisa prakAra vAdI ne svapakSa kI siddhi ke lie bhrAnti ke vaza hokara pratijJAntara kA kathana kiyA hai. usI ke samAna vAdI ne pratijJA hAni ke avasara para "zabda bhI nitya ho jAve"- aisA kaha diyA hai| isalie pratijJAntara ko pratijJAhAni kyoM nahIM mAna liyA jAtA hai? // 141 // .' zabda ke anityatva kI siddhi ke lie vicArazIla vAdI kA jisa prakAra "zabda nitya ho sakatA hai" yaha pratijJAhAni ke avasara para kathana karanA vyAghAta yukta hai, usI prakAra pratijJAntara ke samaya svastha (vicArazIla) vAdI kA zabda ke asarvagatatva kI dUsarI pratijJA kA kathana karanA bhI vyAghAta doSa se yukta hai| arthAt jJAnI vAdI na pratijJAhAni karatA hai na pratijJAntara karatA hai| saMgatipUrvaka kathana karane vAlA alIka kathana nahIM karatA hai||142|| isalie siddha hotA hai ki nimitta ke bheda se pratijJAhAni hI pratijJAntara hai| pratijJAntara ko bhinna nigraha sthAna nahIM mAnanA caahie| yadi una nimittoM ke bheda se pRthak-pRthak nigraha sthAna mAne jAyeMge to aneka nigraha sthAnAntaroM kA prasaMga aayegaa| yadi una nigrahasthAnoM ko 24 nigrahasthAnoM meM garbhita kara liyA jAyegA to phira pratijJAntara kA antarbhAva pratijJAhAni meM kara lenA caahie| tathA pratijJAntara kA pratijJAhAni meM antarbhAva hone kA nivAraNa kauna kara sakatA hai? arthAt nahIM kara skte| aba vidyAnanda AcArya pratijJAvirodha nAmaka nigraha sthAna kA anuvAdana kara vicAra karate haiM - prayukta kiye gaye hetu ke sAtha pratijJAvAkya kA jo virodha pratIta ho rahA hai, vaha tIsarA pratijJAvirodha nAmaka nigraha sthAna hai, parantu naiyAyikoM kA yaha kathana yuktisaMgata nahIM hai||143||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 216 "pratijJAhetvorvirodhaH pratijJAvirodha' iti sUtraM / yatra pratijJA hetunA virudhyate hetuzca pratijJAyA: sa pratijJAvirodho nAma nigrahasthAnaM, yathA guNavyatiriktaM dravyaM bhedenAgrahaNAditi nyAyavArtikaM / tacca na yuktimt|| pratijJAyAH pratijJAtve hetunA hi niraakRte| pratijJAhAnireveyaM prakArAMtarato bhavet // 144 // dravyaM bhinnaM guNAtsvasmAditi pakSebhibhASite / rUpAdyarthAMtaratvenAnupalabdheritIryate // 145 // yena heturhatastenAsaMdehaM bhedsNgrH| tadabhedasya nirNItestatra teneti budhyatAm // 146 // hetorviruddhatA vA syAddoSoyaM srvsNmtH| pratijJAdoSatA tvasya nAnyathA vyatiSThate // 147 // "pratijJA ke hetu kA virodha hI pratijJA virodha hai| yaha sUtra hai| jisa sAdhya meM hetu ke dvArA pratijJA viruddha par3atI hai vA pratijJA se hetu viruddha hotA hai, vaha pratijJAviruddha nAmaka nigraha sthAna hai| jaise guNa se vyatirikta (sarvathA bhinna) dravya hai, kyoMki dravya aura guNoM kA bheda rUpa se grahaNa nahIM hotA hai| arthAt dravya se guNa bhinna dRSTigocara nahIM hote haiN| isa prakAra nyAya vArttika kA granthakAra kahatA hai| parantu yahA~ para "dravya se guNa bhinna haiM"- isa pratijJA kA guNa aura dravya kA bhinna-bhinna grahaNa nahIM honA rUpa hetu ke sAtha virodha ___ yaha pratijJAvirodha nAmaka nigraha sthAna hai| kintu naiyAyikoM kA yaha kathana yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| kyoMki viruddha hetu ke dvArA pratijJA ke pratijJApana kA nirAkaraNa ho jAne se yaha dUsare prakAra se pratijJAhAni hI hai; pRthak nigrahasthAna nahIM hai||144|| svakIya guNoM se dravya bhinna hai| isa prakAra pakSa ke kahane para punaH rUpa-rasAdi guNoM se bhinna dravya kI upalabdhi nahIM ho rahI hai, aisA kahA jAtA hai to isameM "dravya se guNa bhinna hai" isa sAdhya kI rakSA karate haiM to "dravya se bhinna rasAdi guNoM kI upalabdhi nahIM hotI hai"- isa hetu kA vyAghAta ho jAtA hai| yadi hetu kI rakSA karate haiM to sAdhya kA vinAza hotA hai| ata: jisa kAraNa se hetu vyavasthita hai, usase bheda siddha karane kI pratijJA niHsandeha naSTa ho jAtI hai| kyoMki vahA~ usa hetu ke dvArA dravya ke sAtha una guNoM ke abheda kA nirNaya ho rahA hai||145-146 // athavA hetu kI viruddhatA (viruddhahetvAbhAsa) nAmaka yaha doSa sarvasammata hai? sabhI nyAyavettAoM ne ise svIkAra kiyA hai| parantu pratijJA sambandhI doSa (pratijJA viruddhatA) yaha doSa viruddha hetvAbhAsa se bhinna vyavasthita nahIM ho sktaa| arthAt yaha viruddha hetvAbhAsa hetu kA doSa hai| pratijJA kA doSa nahIM hai| hetvAbhAsoM kI nigrahasthAnoM meM gaNanA nahIM kara sakate / isalie "pratijJAviruddha" nAmaka nigrahasthAna mAnanA upayukta nahIM hai||147|| jo udyotakara ne kahA thA ki ukta kathana se hI pratijJA virodha nAmaka nigraha sthAna bhI kahA jA cukA hai - jisa hetu meM svakIya vacanoM ke dvArA viruddhatA AtI hai jaise 'zramaNA' (dIkSitA tapasvinI) strI garbhavatI hai| 'AtmA nahIM haiM' ityAdi prayoga svakIya vacana se viruddha hote haiN| .
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 217 yadapi udyotakareNAbhyadhAyi; 'etenaiva pratijJAvirodhopyuktaH, yatra pratijJA svavacanena virudhyate yathA "zramaNA garbhiNI' nAstyAtmeti vAkyAMtaropaplavAditi' tadapi na yuktamityAha pratijJA ca svayaM yatra virodhamadhigacchati / nAstyAtmetyAdivattatra pratijJAvidhireva na // 148 // tadvirodhodbhAvanena tyAgasyAvazyaMbhAvitvAt / svayamatyAgAnneyaM pratijJAhAniriti cet na, tadviruddhatvapratipattereva nyaayblaattyaagruuptvaat| yatkiMcidavadatopi pratijJAkRtisiddharvadatopi doSatvenaiva tattyAgasya vyavasthiteH / yadapi tenoktaM hetuvirodhopi pratijJAvirodha eva etenokto yatra hetuH pratijJayA bAdhyate yathA sarvaM pRthak samUhe bhAvazabdaprayogAditi, tadapi na sAdhIya ityAha __ kyoMki 'tapasvinI' kahane para garbhavatI nahIM ho sakatI aura garbhavatI hone para tapasvinI nahIM kaha skte| ata: tapasvinI ko garbhavatI kahanA svavacana bAdhita hai| ata: jahA~ pratijJAvirodha ke lakSaNa meM pratijJA svavacana se viruddha ho jAtI hai, vahA~ itanA anya vAkya kA upaskAra kara lenA caahie| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki yaha udyotakara kA kathana yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| isI bAta ko AcArya kahate haiM - - jisa prakaraNa meM svavacana ke dvArA hI dharma, dharmI kA samudAya vacana svarUpa pratijJA svayaM virodha ko prApta ho jAtI hai; jaise koI jIva kahatA hai ki AtmA nahIM hai, 'merI mAtA vandhyA hai' ityAdi vAkya svavacana bAdhita haiN| aise prakaraNa meM pratijJA kI vidhi hI nahIM hai arthAt svavacana bAdhita hI pratijJA kI hAni hai||148|| prativAdI ke dvArA pratijJA meM doSoM kA udbhAvana kara dene se vAdI kI pratijJA kA tyAga avazyaMbhAvI (avazya hI ho jAtA) hai| isalie pratijJAvirodha nigrahasthAna pratijJAhAni se bhinna nahIM hai| . "prativAdI ke dvArA doSoM kA utthApana karane para bhI vAdI svayaM pratijJA kA tyAga nahIM karatA haiisalie pratijJA hAni nahIM hai," aisA bhI kahanA ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki prativAdI ke dvArA hetu meM doSoM kA utthApana kara dene para vAdI ko svakIya pratijJA vAkya ke viruddhatva kA jJAna (nirNaya) ho jAnA hI nyAyamArga ke sAmarthya se pratijJA kA tyAga kara denA hai| svavacana ke viruddha bolane vAle vAdI ke vAkya meM yadi prativAdI doSoM kA utthApana karatA hai aura vAdI usake pratyuttara meM kucha nahIM bolatA hai to bhI vAdI ke pratijJA kA cheda ho jAtA hai aura vAdI yadi yadvA tadvA uttara detA hai to bhI vAdI kA kathana doSa sahita hone se usa pratijJAhAni kI vyavasthA kara dI jAtI hai arthAt pratijJAhAni ho jAtI hai| isalie pratijJAhAni se bhinna pratijJAvirodha nAmaka nigraha sthAna mAnanA upayukta nahIM hai| udyotakara ne yaha kahA thA ki pUrvokta kathana se hetu kA virodha honA hI pratijJA virodha nAmaka nigraha sthAna hai arthAt hetuvirodha nAmaka nigrahasthAna nahIM mAnakara pratijJAvirodha nAmaka nigrahasthAna meM usakA antarbhAva kara lenA caahie| jisa prakaraNa meM pratijJA vAkya ke dvArA hetu vAkya bAdhita ho jAtA hai, jaise sampUrNa padArtha pRthak-pRthak haiM, samudAya meM bhAva yA padArtha zabda kA prayoga hone se| arthAt isa anumAna meM pRthak bhAva ko siddha karane vAlI pratijJA meM bhAva zabda dvArA samudAya kA kathana karanA rUpa hetu viruddha par3atA hai| isalie udyotakara kA kathana zreSTha nahIM hai| isI ko vidyAnanda AcArya spaSTa karate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 218 hetuH pratijJayA yatra bAdhyate hetudusstttaa| tatra siddhAnyathA sNdhaavirodhotiprsjyte||149|| sarvaM pRthak samudAya: bhAvazabdaprayogataH / ityatra siddhayA bhedasaMdhayA yadi bAdhyate // 150 // hetustatra prasiddhana hetunA sApi baadhytaa| pratijJAvatparasyApi hetusiddherabhedataH // 151 // bhAvazabdaH samUhaM hi yasyaikaM vakti vAstavaM / tasya sarvaM pRthaktattvamiti saMdhAdhihanyate // 152 // viruddhasAdhanAdvAyaM viruddho heturaagtH| samUhAvAstave hetudoSo naikopi pUrvakaH // 153 // sarvathA bhedino nAnArtheSu shbdpryogtH| prakalpitasamUheSvityevaM hetvarthanizcayAt // 154 // tathA sati virodhoyaM taddheto: saMdhayA sthitH| saMdhAhAnistu siddheyaM hetunA tatprabAdhanAt / 155 / jisa anumAna meM pratijJA ke dvArA hetu bAdhita ho jAtA hai, vahA~ hetu kA duSTapanA siddha hai| (usase hetu sadoSa hotA hai, pratijJA dUSita nahIM hotii)| anyathA (yadi hetu kA doSa pratijJA ko diyA jAyegA to) pratijJA virodha meM atiprasaMga doSa aayegaa| arthAt pratijJAvirodha ko hetuvirodha meM garbhita kara sakeMge aura hetu, dRSTAnta, upanaya, nigamana ke doSa pratijJA ko de skeNge||149|| sampUrNa padArtha pRthak-pRthak haiM, kyoMki samudAya meM bhAva zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| isa anumAna meM prasiddha bhedasiddhi kI pratijJA ke dvArA yadi samudAya meM bhAva zabda kA kathana karanA rUpa hetu bAdhita kara diyA jAtA hai, to pramANasiddha hetu ke dvArA pratijJA bhI bAdhita ho jAtI hai| kyoMki jaise naiyAyikoM ke, padArthoM kI pRthak-pRthak siddhi karane vAlI pratijJA kI pramANa se siddhi hai, vaise hI jaina siddhAnta meM apara saMgraha naya kI apekSA padArthoM ko samudAya rUpa siddha karane vAle hetu kI bhI pramANa se siddhi hai| hetu aura pratijJA meM koI bheda (vizeSatA) nahIM hai arthAt bhagavatI AhatI nIti ke anusAra kathaMcit zabda kA prayoga kara lene para pRthak bhAva ke dvArA samudAya meM koI virodha nahIM AtA hai| ____jina advaitavAdiyoM ke yahA~ bhAva (sat) zabda vastubhUta eka samudAya ko hI kahatA hai, unake yahA~ "sampUrNa padArtha pRthak-pRthak haiM" isa prakAra kI pratijJA naSTa ho jAtI hai arthAt prasiddha hetu ke dvArA pratijJA kA bAdhita ho jAnA pratIti siddha hai||150-152|| ___ athavA, vAdI ke dvArA kathita yaha hetu pratijJA se viruddha sAdhya ko siddha karane vAlA hone se viruddha hetu siddha huA hai (viruddha hetvAbhAsa hai)| tathA samUha ke avAstava hone se pUrvavartI eka bhI hetu kA doSa vAdI ke Upara lAgU nahIM ho sktaa| arthAt bauddha samudAya ko vAstavika nahIM mAnatA hai| bauddha siddhAnta meM saMtAna, samudAya, avayavI ye saba kalpita mAne gaye haiN| naiyAyika, jaina aura mImAMsaka samudAya ko vastubhUta mAnate haiN| kyoMki bauddha siddhAnta meM sampUrNa padArtha sarvathA bhinna-bhinna (bheda sahita) haiN| isalie sarvathA bhedavAdI bauddha ke mithyA vAsanAoM ke dvArA kalpita samUha rUpa nAnA arthoM (vAstava meM bhinna-bhinna aneka padArthoM) meM bhAva zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| aisA mAnA hai| isalie isa prakAra hetu ke artha kA nizcaya ho jAne se koI doSa nahIM hai| yadi samudAya vAstavika padArtha hai, taba to hetu kA pratijJAvAkya ke dvArA yaha virodha sthita hai| tathA hetu ke dvArA pratijJAvAkya kI bAdhA (cheda) ho jAne se yaha pratijJA hAni bhI siddha ho jAtI hai||153-155 // isalie hetu virodha (hetvAbhAsa) ko pratijJA virodha kahanA ucita nahIM hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 219 yadapyabhihitaM tena, etena pratijJAyA dRSTAMtavirodho vaktavyo hetozca dRSTAMtAdibhirvirodhaH pramANavirodhazca pratijJAhetvoryathA vaktavya iti, tadapi na parIkSAkSamamityAha dRSTAMtasya ca yo nAma virodhaH sNdhyoditH| sAdhanasya ca dRSTAMtapramukhairmAnabAdhanam // 156 / / pratijJAdiSu tasyApi na pratijJAvirodhatA / sUtrArUDhatayoktasya bhAMDAlekhyanayoktivat // 157 // pratijJAnena dRSTAMtabAdhane sati gmyte| tatpratijJAvirodhaH syAviSThatvAditi cenmatam // 158 // haMta hetuvirodhopi kiM naiSobhISTa eva te| dRSTAMtAdivirodhopi heturetena varNitaH // 159 // nigrahasthAnasaMkhyAnavighAtakRdayaM ttH| ythoktnigrhsthaanessvNtrbhaavvirodhtH||160|| pratyakSAdipramANena pratijJAbAdhanaM punH| pratijJAhAnirAyAtA prakArAMtarataH sphuTam // 11 // nidarzanAdibAdhA ca nigrahAMtarameva te| pratijJAnazrutestatrAbhAvAttadbAdhanAtyayAt // 162 / / udyotakara paMDita ne jo yaha kahA thA ki "pUrvokta vicAra se pratijJA dvArA dRSTAnta kA virodha bhI karanA cAhie aura dRSTAnta Adi ke dvArA hetu kA virodha karanA caahie| tathA jaise pratijJA aura hetu virodha karane yogya hai, usI prakAra pramANa Adi ke dvArA bAdhita anya virodha bhI vaktavya haiN|" jainAcArya kahate haiM ki yaha udyotakara kA kathana bhI parIkSA ko sahana karane meM samartha nahIM hai| isI ko granthakAra kahate haiM - jo udyotakara ne pratijJA ke dvArA dRSTAnta kA virodha kahA hai, tathA dRSTAnta, upanaya Adi ke dvArA hetu kA virodha kahA hai aura pratijJA AdikoM meM jo pramANoM ke dvArA bAdhA A jAnA, yA virodha hone kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, usake bhI pratijJAvirodhatA nAmaka nigrahasthAnapanA nahIM hai| kyoMki gautama sUtra meM pratijJA aura hetu ke virodha ko nigraha sthAna rUpa se ArUr3ha karake kahA gayA hai| jaise miTTI Adi se nirmita bartana meM ukerA huA citrAma cirakAla taka sthira rahatA hai, usI prakAra sUtra meM ArUr3ha tattva cirakAla taka sthira rahatA hai| usa sUtra meM sthita pratijJAvirodha Adi ko grahaNa karanA cAhie, svecchAnusAra nahIM // 156-157 // pratijJA ke dvArA dRSTAnta ke bAdhita ho jAne para arthApatti nyAya ke dvArA jAna liyA jAtA hai ki yaha pratijJAvirodha hai| (isalie dRSTAntavirodha aura pramANavirodha pratijJAvirodha meM garbhita ho jAtA hai) kyoMki virodha.do padArthoM meM rahatA hai| isa prakAra udyotakara kA mantavya hone para jainAcArya kahate haiM- haMta (bar3e kheda kI bAta hai ki)! tumhAre (naiyAyikoM ke) siddhAnta meM hetu kA virodha nAmaka nigrahasthAna kyoM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai? hetu kA dRSTAnta Adi ke sAtha virodha bhI svataMtra rUpa se nigraha sthAna kyoM nahIM mAnA hai? isa kathana se AcAryadeva ne yaha varNana kiyA hai ki jaba pratijJAhAni, pratijJAvirodha, pratijJAntara inako pRthakpRthak nigraha sthAna svIkAra kiyA hai to udyotakara pratijJAvirodha ke samAna hetuvirodha, dRSTAntavirodha ko bhI svataMtra nigraha sthAna svIkAra kyoM nahIM karate haiM? unako bhI svIkAra karanA cAhie // 158-159 // hetu virodha aura dRSTAnta virodha ko svIkAra karanA naiyAyikoM ke dvArA svIkRta saMkhyA kA vighAtaka hai| isalie inakA naiyAyikoM kI AmnAyAnusAra svIkRta caubIsa nigraha sthAnoM meM antarbhAva kara lenA bhI virodha yukta hai| arthAt hetu virodha, dRSTAnta virodha Adi kA yadi pratijJA virodha meM antarbhAva kiyA jAtA hai, to pratijJAvirodha, pratijJAntaravirodha kA bhI pratijJAhAni meM antarbhAva kara lenA caahie|160|| yadi pratyakSAdi pramANoM se bAdhita pratijJA ko pratijJAvirodha kahA jAtA hai, taba to spaSTa rUpa se pratijJAhAni hI prakArAntara se pratijJAvirodha siddha hotI hai| isalie pratijJAvirodha ko pRthak nigrahasthAna mAnane para dRSTAnta virodha, hetu virodha, upanaya virodha, nigamana virodha, pratyakSa virodha, anumAna virodha Adi ko bhI pRthak-pRthak nigraha sthAna mAnanA pdd'egaa| tathA pratikUla jJAna kI zruti kA vahA~ abhAva hone se una dRSTAnta virodha, hetu virodha, Adi nigraha sthAnoM ke bAdhA kA abhAva hai||161-162||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 220 yadapyavAdi tena parapakSasiddhena gotvAdinAnaikAMtikacodanAviruddheti yaH parapakSasiddhena gotvAdinA vyabhicArayati tadviruddhamuttaraM veditvym| anityaH zabdaH aiMdriyakatvAt ghaTavaditi kenacibauddhaM pratyuktaM, naiyAyikaprasiddhena gotvAdinA sAmAnyena hetoranaikAMtikatvacodanA hi viruddhamuttaraM saugatasyAniSTasiddheriti / tadapi na vicArAhamityAha gotvAdinA svasiddhena yaanaikaaNtikcodnaa| parapakSaviruddhaM syAduttaraM tadihetyapi // 163 // na pratijJAvirodhetarbhAvameti kathaMcana / svayaM tu sAdhite samyaggotvAdau doSa eva sH||164|| nirAkRtau prennaasyaanaikaaNtiksmaantaa| hetoreva bhavettAvat saMdhAdoSastu neSyate // 165 // udyotakara ne jo yaha kahA thA ki dUsare pakSa meM prasiddha gotva Adi nitya jAtiyoM ke dvArA anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa kI zaMkA uThAnA viruddha hai| isa prakAra, jo parapakSa se siddha gotva Adi jAtiyoM ke dvArA hetu kA vyabhicAra uThAyA jAtA hai, vaha udyotakara kA uttara viruddha samajhanA caahie| . jaise zabda anitya hai indriyajJAna janya hone se ghaTa ke samAna / isa prakAra kaha cukane para naiyAyikoM ke yahA~ prasiddha gotva Adi sAmAnya jAti ke dvArA indriyajanyatva hetu meM vyabhicArI kI kutarkaNA uThAnA viruddha uttara hai| kyoMki isa hetu se bauddhoM ke aniSTa kI siddhi hotI hai| arthAt bauddha jana bhI ghaTa ke samAna sAmAnya ko bhI anitya mAnate haiN| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki isa prakAra udyotakara kA kahanA bhI vicAra karane yogya nahIM hai| isI ko AcArya kahate haiM - bauddha siddhAnta meM gotva Adi jAtiyoM ko anitya mAnA hai| isalie svakIya siddhAnta meM siddha gotvAdi ke dvArA jo vyabhicArItva kI zaMkA uThAI jAtI hai, vaha uttara bhI parapakSa se viruddha par3atA hai| isalie vaha vyabhicAra doSa kisI prakAra se pratijJAvirodha nAmaka nigrahasthAna meM antarbhAva ko prApta nahIM ho sktaa| parantu svayaM gotva Adi ke samyak prakAra sAdha cukane para vaha doSa hI hai| kintu dUsare prativAdI ke dvArA pakSa kA nirAkaraNa kara dene para usa hetu kA anaikAntika hetvAbhAsapanA samAna hI hogaa| isalie vaha hetvAbhAsa pratijJA kA doSa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA // 163-165 // . jo udyotakara ne kahA thA ki "svapakSAnapekSaM" - isakA artha isa prakAra hai ki jo naiyAyika apane nija pakSa kI apekSA nahIM rakhane vAle hetu kA prayoga karatA hai, jaise zabda anitya hai indriyajanya jJAna kA viSaya hone se| isa hetu meM naiyAyikAdi mata meM gotva, azvatva Adi jAtiyoM ke anityatva kA virodha ho jAne se vaha hetu viruddha hai| bhAvArtha - naiyAyika indriyajJAna kA viSaya hone se zabda ko anitya siddha karanA cAhatA hai, parantu anitya hetu nitya rahane vAlI gotva Adi jAti meM bhI jAtA hai| ata: jo-jo indriyajJAna ke viSaya haiM veve anitya haiM -aisA nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki indriyajJAna viSaya hetu nitya, gotva Adi jAti meM bhI jAtA hai| gotvAdi jAti indriyajJAna kA viSaya hai, parantu anitya nahIM hai| ata: indriyajJAna viSaya hetu zabda ko anitya siddha nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki yaha hetu anaikAntika hai| aisA udyotakara kA kahanA hai| parantu jainAcArya kahate haiM ki udyotakara kA yaha kathana bhI cAturyapUrNa nahIM hai| isI ko AcArya spaSTa karate hue kahate
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 221 yadapyabhANi tena, svapakSAnapekSaM ca tathA yaH svasvapakSAnapekSaM hetuM prayukte anityaH zabda aiMdriyakatvAditi sa svasiddhasya gotvAderanityatvavirodhAdviruddha iti| tadapyapezalamityAha hetAvaidriyakatve tu nijpkssaanpekssinni| sa prasiddhasya gotvAderiti tttvvirodhtH||166|| syAdvirodha itIdaM ca tadvadeva na bhidyte| anaikaaNtiktaadossaattdbhaavaavishesstH||167|| vAdItarapratAnena gotvena vybhicaaritaa| hetoryathA caikatarasiddhanAsAdhanena kim // 168 // pramANenAprasiddhau tu doSAbhAvastadA bhavet / sarveSAmapi tenAyaM vibhAgo jddklpitH||169|| soyamudyotakaraH svayamubhayapakSasaMpratipannastvanaikAMtika iti pratipadyamAno vAdinaH prativAdina eva pramANata: siddhena gotvAdinAnaikAMtikacodanena hetorviruddhamuttaraM bruvANamatikrameNa kathaM nyAyavAdI? apramANasiddhena tu sarveSAM taccodanaM doSAbhAsa eveti tadvibhAgaM kurvan jaDatvamAtmano nivedayati / atra nijapakSa kI apekSA nahIM rakhane vAle indriyajJAna viSaya hetu ke hone para naiyAyikoM ke vaha hetuviruddha hotA hai| kyoMki unake siddhAnta meM prasiddha gotva Adi sAmAnya tattva se virodha AtA hai| isalie yaha hetu pratijJAvirodha nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai| aisA udyotakara kA kahanA prazaMsanIya nahIM hai, kyoMki dhUma, vyApakatva Adi ko siddha karane ke lie diye gaye agnitva, prameyatva Adi vyabhicArI hetvAbhAsoM ke samAna yaha aindriyakatva hetu ke prati kathita viruddha doSa anaikAntika doSa se pRthak nahIM hai| kyoMki hetu ke sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha kA abhAva hone se donoM meM koI vizeSatA nahIM hai| isalie isa hetu ko pratijJAvirodha nAmaka nigraha sthAna na mAnakara anekAnta doSa meM garbhita kara lenA caahie|166-167|| jaise vAdI aura prativAdI donoM ke yahA~ prasiddha gotva sAmAnya ke dvArA hetu kA vyabhicAra doSa hai, usI prakAra vAdI vA prativAdI donoM meM kisI eka ke yahA~ prasiddha gotva jAti ke dvArA vyabhicAra A sakatA hai| taba sAdhya ko siddha nahIM karane vAle ahetu se kyA prayojana hai? jaba vAdI aura prativAdI donoM kA hI pakSa pramANa siddha nahIM hone para doSa kA abhAva hai, aisA yadi kahA jAtA hai to sabhI ke yahA~ yaha vibhAga karanA jar3a puruSoM ke dvArA kalpita kiyA gayA hai||168-169 // - AcArya kahate haiM ki yaha udyotakara vidvAn svayaM isa tattva ko samajha rahA hai ki vAdI prativAdI donoM ke pakSoM meM jo saMpratipanna hai (samyagjJAna ho jAtA hai), vaha anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa hai| isa prakAra vAdI vA prativAdI ke darzana meM pramANa se siddha gotva Adi sAmAnya hetu ke dvArA vyabhicAra doSa kI tarkaNA se viruddha uttara ko kahane vAlA hetu kA atikramaNa kara rahA hai vaha nyAyavAdI kaise ho sakatA hai? kyoMki vAdI aura prativAdI sabhI ke hI apramANa siddha (pramANa se asiddha) hetu ke dvArA anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa kI zaMkA uThAnA doSAbhAsa hI hai| ata: usa viruddha uttara rUpa pratijJA virodha nigraha sthAna anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa kA vibhAga karane vAle udyotakara paNDita svakIya jar3apane ko vyakta kara rahe haiN| apanI mUrkhatA kA nivedana kara rahe haiN|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 222 pratijJAvacanAdevAsAdhanAMgavacanena vAdinigRhIte pratijJAviruddhasyAnigrahatvameveti dharmakIrtinoktaM dUSaNamasaMgataM gamyamAnaH prAha pratijJAvacanenaiva nigRhItasya vaadinH| na pratijJAvirodhasya nigrhtvmitiitre||17|| teSAmanekadoSasya saadhnsyaabhibhaassnne| pareNaikasya doSasya kathanaM nigraho yathA // 171 // tathAnyasyAtra tenaiva kathanaM tasya nigrhH| kiM neSTo vAdinorevaM yugapannigrahastava // 17 // sAdhanAvayavasyApi kasyacidvacane sakRt / jayostu vAdinonyasyAvacane ca praajyH||173|| pratipakSAvinAbhAvidoSasyodbhAvane ydi| vAdini nyakkRtenyasya kathaM nAsya vinigrahaH / 174 // tadA sAdhyAvinAbhAvi saadhnaavyvernne| tasyaiva zaktyubhayAkArenyasyavAk ca praajyH175|| yahA~ (isa prakaraNa meM) pratijJA vacana ke dvArA hI asAdhanAMga vacana se vAdI kA nigraha ho jAne para punaH usa vAdI ke prati pratijJAviruddha anigraha hI hai arthAt pratijJAviruddha nigrahasthAna nahIM haiN| ataH yaha dharmakIrti ke dvArA kathita pratijJAviruddha nigrahasthAna nAmaka dUSaNa asaMgata hai| isI bAta ko AcArya samajhAte pratijJAvacana ke dvArA nigrahasthAna ko prApta vAdI ke pratijJAvirodha kA nigrahasthAna nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra koI bauddha vidvAn kahatA hai| isake pratyuttara meM jainAcArya kahate haiM - jaise una (bauddhoM) ke aneka doSa vAle sAdhana (hetu) kA kathana karane para prativAdI ke dvArA eka doSa kA kathana kara denA hI vAdI kA nigraha ho jAtA hai usI prakAra yahA~ bhI usI vAdI ke dvArA sAdhana ke aMgoM se bhinna aMga kA kathana karanA usa vAdI kA nigrahasthAna kyoM nahIM iSTa kara liyA jAtA hai| tathA isa prakAra hone para tere mata meM vAdI aura prativAdI donoM kA eka sAtha nigraha ho jAtA hai| arthAt vAdI to asAdhana ke aMgoM kA kathana kara rahA hai aura prativAdI apane kartavya rUpa se svIkRta sampUrNa doSoM ko utthApana karane meM pramAdI ho rahA hai||170-171-172|| kisI bhI sAdhana (hetu) ke avayava kA kathana karane para eka sAtha (eka samaya meM) vAdI kI vijaya aura anya (dUsare) sAdhana avayava kA kathana nahIM karane para vAdI kI parAjaya ho jAtI hai| arthAt sAdhana ke aMga ke kahane para vijaya aura kucha sAdhana ke aMga nahIM kahane se vAdI ke eka sAtha jaya, parAjaya prApta ho jAne kA prasaMga AtA hai||173|| yadi saugata siddhAntAnusAra pratikUla pakSa ke avinAbhAvI doSa kA prativAdI ke dvArA utthApana ho jAne para vAdI kA tiraskAra ho jAtA hai, taba to sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva rakhane vAle sAdhanarUpa avayava kA kathana karane para vAdI dvArA isa anya prativAdI kA vizeSa rUpa se nigraha kyoM nahIM hogA? avazya hogaa| jaba usa sAdhya kA avinAbhAvI sAdhana ke avayava kA kathana karane para zakti ke ubhayAkAra meM anya ke vacana prativAdI kI parAjaya meM kAraNa ho jAte haiM arthAt pratipakSa ke avinAbhAvI doSoM kA kathana karane para vAdI kI parAjaya ho jAtI hai aura vAdI ke dvArA sAdhya ke avinAbhAvI hetu kA kathana karane para prativAdI kI parAjaya ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra ubhaya zakti ke AkAra (kathana) meM anya ke vAk parAjita ho jAte haiN||174-175||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 223 viruddhodbhAvanaM hetoH pratipakSaprasAdhanaM / yathA tathAvinAbhAvihetUktiH svArthasAdhanA // 176 / / sAdhanAvayavonekaH prayoktavyo ythaaprH| tathA doSopi kiM na syAdudbhAvyastatra tattvataH / 177 / tasmAtprayujyamAnasya gamyamAnasya vA svyN| saMgarasyAvyavasthAnaM kathAvicchedamAtrakRt // 178 // saMgaraH pratijJA tasya vAdinA prayujyamAnasya pakSadharmopasaMhAravacanasAmarthyAnagamyamAnasya vA yadavyavasthAnaM svadRSTAMte pratidRSTAMtadharmAnujJAnAt pratijJAtArthapratiSedhena dharmavikalpAt tadarthanirdezAdvA pratijJAhetvorvirodhAt pratijJAvirodhAdvA prativAdinApadyeta tatkathAvicchedamAtraM karoti na punaH parAjayaM vAdinaH svapakSasya prativAdinAvazya sAdhanIyatvAditi nyAyaM buddhyAmahe / pratijJAvacanaM tu kathAvicche damAtramapi na prayojayati ___ jaise vAdI ke, hetu ke viruddha doSa kA udbhAvana karane se prativAdI ke pakSa kI siddhi ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra vAdI ke dvArA avinAbhAvI hetu kA kathana karane se vAdI kI svArthasiddhi ho jAtI hai arthAt sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha rakhane vAle hetu kA kathana karanA hI svakIya artha kI siddhi kA kAraNa hai||176|| ... jisa prakAra vAdI ke dvArA sAdhana ke aneka dUsare avayavoM kA prayoga karanA ucita hai, usI prakAra prativAdI ke dvArA vAstavika rUpa se aneka doSoM kA utthApana karanA ucita kyoM nahIM hai? isalie svayaM mukha se uccAraNa kI gaI, vA arthApatti ke dvArA gamyamAna (jAnI gaI) pratijJA kI tIna nigrahasthAnoM ke dvArA vyavasthA nahIM hone denA hai| vaha kevala nigrahasthAna dekara bAda meM vighna DAla denA mAtra hai| yoM kevala kathA kA viccheda kara dene se prativAdI dvArA vAdI kA parAjaya sambhava nahIM hai||177-178 / / __saMgara vA pratijJA ekArthavAcI hai| vAdI ke dvArA prayukta usa pratijJA vacana nAmaka saMgara kI pakSa dharma ke upasaMhAra rUpa vacana ke sAmarthya se gamyamAna (arthApatti ke dvArA jJAta) pratijJA kI vyavasthA nahIM hone denA (vA vAdakathA kA avasAna kara denA) hai| svakIya dRSTAnta meM vAdI ke dvArA prativAdI ke pratikUla dRSTAnta ke dharma kI svIkAratA karanA rUpa pratijJAhAni se pratijJA kI avyavasthA hotI hai tathA pratijJAta artha kA pratiSedha kara dene se, dharmAntara ke vikalpa se usa pratijJAta artha kA nirdeza karane rUpa pratijJAntara nigraha sthAna se tathA pratijJA aura hetu ke virodha rUpa pratijJAvirodha nAmaka nigraha sthAna se prativAdI ke dvArA vAdI ke pratijJAvAkya kI avyavasthA kara dI jAtI hai| isa prakAra pratijJAhAni, pratijJAntara aura pratijJAvirodha nAmaka tIna nigrahasthAna ke dvArA prativAdI kevala kathA ke viccheda ko karatA hai| isase vAdI kI parAjaya nahIM ho sktii| kyoMki prativAdI ke dvArA vijaya prApta karane ke lie svapakSa kA sAdhana (svapakSa siddha karane vAle hetu kA kathana) karanA Avazyaka hai| hama isI ko nyAya samajhate haiN| pratijJA kA vacana kathA ke viccheda mAtra kA prayojaka nahIM hai| bhAvArtha - bauddha siddhAntAnusAra artha yA prakaraNa se pratijJA jAna lI jAtI hai, pratijJA kA vyartha meM uccAraNa karanA vAdI kA nigraha sthAna hai, kyoMki vAdI kevala pratijJA kA uccAraNa kara kathA kA viccheda karanA cAhatA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 224 tasyAsAdhanAMgatvAvyavasthite: pakSadharmopasaMhAravacanAdityuktaM prAk / kevalaM svadarzanAnurAgamAtreNa pratijJAvacanasya nigrahatvenodbhAvanepi saugataiH pratijJAvirodhAdidoSodbhAvanaM nAnavasaramanumaMtavyaM, anekasAdhanavacanavadanekadUSaNavacanasyApi virodhAbhAvAt sarvathA vizeSAbhAvAditi vicaaritmsmaabhiH|| saMprati pratijJAsaMnyAsaM vicArayitumupakramamAhapratijJArthApanayanaM pakSasya prtissedhne| na pratijJAnasaMnyAsaH pratijJAhAnitaH pRthak // 179 // isake pratyuttara meM jainAcArya kahate haiM ki pratijJA kA uccAraNa karane kA prayojana kevala kathA kA viccheda karanA hI nahIM hai kyoMki pratijJAvacana sAdhya kI siddhi ke vyavasthApaka nahIM haiM arthAt pratijJA vacana sAdhyasiddhi kA aMga nahIM haiN| aisA kahanA upayukta nahIM hai| jaise hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana sAdhya kI siddhi ke aMga haiN| vaise pratijJA bhI sAdhya kI siddhi kA aMga hai arthAt pakSadharma kA upasaMhAra vacana sAdhya kI siddhi kA aMga hai| kvacit upanaya aura nigamana ke kathana ke binA bhI sAdhya kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| isa bAta kA pUrva meM vizada rUpa se kathana kara diyA gayA hai| saugata ke dvArA kevala svakIya (bauddha) darzana ke zraddhAna mAtra se (anurAga mAtra se) pratijJA-kathana ke nigrahasthAna ke dvArA vAdI ke prati pratijJAvirodha, anaikAntika Adi doSoM kA udbhAvana karanA binA avasara kA nahIM mAnanA caahie| kyoMki aneka sAdhanoM ke aMga ke kathana ke samAna aneka dUSaNoM kA kathana karanA bhI koI virodhayukta nahIM hai| arthAt jaise ziSya ko samajhAne ke lie aneka hetuoM ke dvArA sAdhya ko siddha kiyA jAtA hai, vaise hI dUsare pakSa ko nirbala banAne ke lie aneka doSoM kA prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| isameM virodha kA abhAva hai| tathA sAdhana aura dUSaNa dene meM aneka sahAroM ke lene kI apekSA koI vizeSatA nahIM hai| isa bAta kA anya granthoM meM hamAre dvArA vistArapUrvaka vicAra kiyA gayA hai| ___ isa samaya pratijJAsaMnyAsa nAmaka nigrahasthAna kA vicAra karane ke lie zrI vidyAnanda AcArya upAyapUrvaka kahate haiM - vAdI ke pakSa kA dUsare prativAdI ke dvArA niSedha kiye jAne para yadi vAdI usake parihAra kI icchA se apane pratijJA kiye gaye artha kA nihnava karatA hai to vaha vAdI kA pratijJA saMnyAsa nAmaka nigraha sthAna hai| AcArya kahate haiM ki pratijJA saMnyAsa nAmaka nigraha sthAna "pratijJAhAni" nigraha sthAna se pRthak nahIM hai||179|| zaMkA - "pakSa ke pratiSedha meM pratijJAta artha kA apanayana karanA pratijJA saMnyAsa nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai|" yaha nyAyavettA sUtrakAra kA vacana hai| jo vAdI prativAdI dvArA pakSa kA niSedha kara dene para pakSa kA parityAga karatA hai (pakSa ko chor3a detA hai) usako pratijJA saMnyAsa nAmaka nigraha sthAna samajhanA caahie| jaise indriyajJAna kA viSaya hone se zabda anitya hai - vAdI ke dvArA aisA kahane para prativAdI ke dvArA nitya sAmAnya se indriyajanyatva hetu kA khaNDana kara diyA jAtA hai| isakA udAharaNa pUrva ke samAna haiN| tathA sAmAnya se
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 225 nanu pakSapratiSedhe 'pratijJAnArthApanayanaM pratijJAsaMnyAsaH' iti sUtrakAravacanAt yaH pratijJAtamarthaM pakSapratiSedhe kRte parityajyati sa pratijJAsaMnyAso veditavya: udAharaNaM pUrvavat / sAmAnyenaikAMtikatvAddhetoH kRte brUyAdeka eva mahAnnitya zabda iti / etatsAdhanasya sAmarthyAparicchedAdvipratipattito nigrahasthAnamityudyotakaravacanAcca pratijJAsaMnyAsastasya pratijJAhAnerbheda eveti manyamAnaM pratyAha eka eva mahAnnityoyaM zabdaH itypniiyte| pratijJArthaH kilAnena puurvvtpkssduussnne||180|| hetodriyakatvasya vyabhicArapradarzanAt / tathA cApanayo hAni: saMdhAyA iti naarthbhit||181|| pratijJAhAnirevaitaiH prakArairyadi kthyte| prakArAMtaratopIyaM tadA kiM na prakathyate // 182 // tannimittaprakArANAM niyamAbhAvataH kva nu| yathoktA niyatisteSAM nAptopajJaM vcsttH||183|| anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa hetu kA kathana karake zabda mahAna nitya aura eka hI hai| aisA kaha diyA jAne para vAdI svakIya 'zabda anitya hai' isa pakSa ko chor3a detA hai| vA isameM hetu ke sAmarthya kA jJAna na hone se aura nigrahasthAna kI prayojaka vividha pratipatti vA viruddha pratipatti ho jAne se pratijJAsaMnyAsa nAmaka nigrahasthAna hotA hai| isa prakAra udyotakara kA vacana hone se pratijJAhAni nAmaka nigrahasthAna se pratijJAsaMnyAsa nAmaka nigrahasthAna bhinna rUpa hI hai| samAdhAna - isa prakAra pratijJAsaMnyAsa nAmaka nigrahasthAna ko mAnane vAle naiyAyika ke prati jainAcArya kahate haiM - pUrva udAharaNa ke samAna vAdI ke indriyajanyatva hetu kA prativAdI ke dvArA vyabhicAra dikhAne se vAdI kA pakSa dUSita ho jAne para nizcaya se vAdI ke dvArA "eka hI mahAn zabda nitya hai" yaha apanA pUrva pratijJAta artha chor3a diyA jAtA hai| isalie pratijJAta artha kA apanaya (hAni) aura pratijJA saMnyAsa, inameM koI artha kA bheda nahIM hai arthAt donoM meM koI bheda nahIM hai||180-181|| .. naiyAyika yadi pratijJAntara, pratijJAvirodha, pratijJAsaMnyAsa ina bhinna-bhinna prakAroM ke dvArA pratijJAhAni kahate haiM jo pratijJAhAni bhinna-bhinna nigrahasthAnoM kI prayojaka hai, taba jainAcArya kahate haiM ki pratijJAhAni anya prakAra se kyoM nahIM kahI jAtI hai? kyoMki pratijJAhAni ke nimittoM, prakAroM ke niyama kA abhAva hai| arthAt aisA koI niyama nahIM hai ki pratijJAhAni ke nimitta itane hI prakAra ke hote haiM; jaise dRSTAnta kI hAni, upanaya kI hAni ityAdi aneka prakAra se pratijJA kI hAni ho sakatI hai isalie naiyAyikoM ke dvArA kathita nigraha sthAnoM kI saMkhyA bhI niyata kaise ho sakatI hai? ata: una naiyAyikoM ke vacana Apta ke dvArA kathita nahIM hai||182-183|| athavA - prativAdI ke dvArA vAdI ke pakSa kA niyamapUrvaka pratiSedha (khaNDana) kara dene para vAdI kA cupa raha jAnA, pRthvI ko dekhane laga jAnA, Upara AkAza ko dekhate rahanA, pUrva Adi dizAoM kA avalokana karanA, khakAranA, bhAgane laga jAnA, vyartha bakavAda karanA, kaSAya ke udvega meM Akara hAthoM ko
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 226 pakSasya pratiSedhe hi tUSNIMbhAvo dharekSaNaM / vyomekSaNaM digAlokaH khAtkRtaM capalAyitam / 184 / hastAsphAlanamAkaMpaH prsvedaadypynekdhaa| nigrahAMtaramasyAstu ttprtijnyaaNtraadivt||185|| hetvaMtaraM vicArayannAhaavizeSodite hetau pratiSiddhe prvaadinaa| vizeSamicchataH proktaM hetvaMtaramapIha yat // 186 // tadevameva saMbhAvyaM nAnyatheti na nishcyH| parasminnapi hetau syAdukte hetvaMtaraM yathA // 187 // yathA ca prakRte hetau doSavatyapi drshite| parasya vacanaM hetorhetvNtrmudaahRtm||188|| tathA nidarzanAdau ca dRSTAMtAdyaMtaraM na kim / nigrahasthAnamAstheyaM vyavasthApyAtinizcitam // 189 / yadi hetvaMtareNaiva nigRhItasya vaadinH| dRSTAMtAdyaMtaraM tatsyAtkathAyAM vinivartanAt // 190 // tadAnaikAMtikatvAdihetudoSeNa nirjite| mA bhUddhatvaMtaraM tasya tata evAvizeSataH // 191 // phaTakAranA, zarIra kampita ho jAnA, pasInA chUTanA, Adi aneka prakAra ke nigraha sthAna ho sakate haiN| jaise pratijJAhAni, pratijJAsaMnyAsa, pratijJAntara Adi bhinna nigrahasthAna mAna liye gaye haiN||184-185|| ata: pratijJAsaMnyAsa ko bhI pratijJAhAni meM garbhita kara lenA caahie| aba hetvantara nigrahasthAna para vicAra karate hue jainAcArya kahate haiM vAdI ke dvArA vizeSatA rahita hetu ke kathana para puna: prativAdI ke dvArA use hetu kA khaNDana kara dene para hetu meM kucha vizeSatA lagAne kI icchA karane vAle vAdI kA hetvantara nigraha sthAna kahA gayA hai| arthAt naiyAyikoM ne use hetvantara nigrahasthAna mAnA hai| vaha isI prakAra saMbhava hai| anyathA (anyaprakAroM se) hetvantara nigraha sthAna saMbhava nahIM hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki aisA nizcaya karanA ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki jaise naiyAyika ke dUsare hetu kA kathana kara dene para hetvantara nigraha sthAna kahA gayA hai aura jisa prakAra vAdI ke prakaraNa prApta hetu ko prativAdI ke dvArA doSayukta dikhalA dene para (doSayukta siddha kara dene para) dUsare hetu kA kathana karanA vAdI kA hetvantara nigraha sthAna kahA gayA hai, usI prakAra vAdI ke dvArA prakRta sAdhya ko siddha kara karane ke lie prayukta dRSTAnta, upanaya Adi meM prativAdI ke dvArA una dRSTAnta Adi ko doSayukta siddha kara dene para vAdI kA hetvantara nigraha sthAna ke samAna dRSTAntara, upanayAntara Adi nigraha sthAna kyoM nahIM hogA? avazya hogaa| usa vAdI ke dvArA pazcAt adhika nizcita kiye gaye dRSTAnta AdikoM ko vyavasthApita kara kaha diyA gayA hai| ve daSTAMtara Adi nigrahasthAna ho jaayeNge| arthAta heta kI traTi hone para jaise vizeSaNa lagAkara anya hetu kA prayoga karane para hetvantara nAmaka nigraha sthAna ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra udAharaNa meM bhI nyUnatA dikhalAI jAtI hai| vaha dRSTAntara nigrahasthAna kyoM nahIM kahA jAtA hai? // 186-189 // - yadi naiyAyika yoM kahe ki akele hetvantara se hI nigraha ko prApta ho cuke vAdI ke prati dRSTAntAdi antara kA kathana karanA to utane se hI ho jAegA isa kAraNa vAda kathA meM vizeSa rUpa se unakI nivRtti kI gaI hai| arthAt hetvantara ke dvArA hI vAdI jaba nigrahasthAna ho jAtA hai, taba dRSTAntAntara ke kathana karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isa prakAra naiyAyika ke kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki aisA mAnane para to prativAdI
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 227 yathA codbhAvite doSe hetoryadvA vizeSaNaM / brUyAtkazcittathA dRSTAMtAderapi jigiissyaa||192|| avizeSoktau hetau pratiSiddhe vizeSamicchato hetvaMtaramiti sUtrakAravacanAt dvitvatvaM nigrahasthAnaM sAdhanAMtaropAdAne puurvsyaasaamrthykhyaapnaat| sAmarthya vA pUrvasya hetvaMtaraM vyarthamityudyotakaro vyAcakSANo gatAnugatikatAmAtmasAtkurute prakArAMtareNApi hetvNtrvcndrshnaat| tathA avizeSokte dRSTAMtopanayanigamane pratiSiddhe vizeSamicchato dRSTAMtAdyaMtaropAdAne puurvsyaasaamrthykhyaapnaat| sAmarthya vA pUrvasya pratidRSTAMtAdyaMtaraM vyarthamiti vktumshkytvaat| atrAkSepasamAdhAnAnAM samAnatvAt yadapyupAdeziprakRtAdarthAdapratisaMbaMdhatvArthamarthAMtaramabhyupagamArthAsaMgatatvAnnigrahasthAnamiti tadapi vicArayatidvArA anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa ke doSoM dvArA vAdI ke parAjita ho jAne para hetvantara kA kathana bhI nahIM karanA caahie| kyoMki hetvantara aura dRSTAntAntara meM koI vizeSatA nahIM hai| athavA, jaise hetu ke doSoM kA utthApana kara dene para hetu ke vizeSaNaM lagAkara hetvantara nigrahasthAna kahA jAtA hai, usI prakAra dRSTAnta Adi ke doSa uThAne kI icchA se dRSTAntAntara ko kahanA dRSTAMtAntara nigraha sthAna hai| yaha bhI svIkAra karanA par3egA arthAt dRSTAntAntara bhinna nigraha sthAna siddha ho jaayegaa||190-191-192|| vizeSatA ko lakSita na kara sAmAnya rUpa se hetu ke kahane para punaH prativAdI ke dvArA hetu ke pratiSiddha ho jAne para vizeSa aMza kI icchA karane vAle vAdI kA hetvantara nigrahasthAna ho jAtA hai| nyAyasUtra kAra kA vacana hai| yahA~ usI hetu meM anya vizeSaNa kA prakSepa kara dene se athavA anya navIna hetu kA prayoga karane se donoM hI hetvantara nigraha sthAna kahe jAte haiN| anya sAdhanAntara ko grahaNa karane para vAdI ke pUrva hetu kI asamarthatA prakaTa ho jAtI hai| vAdI kA pUrva kathita hetu yadi samartha hai to vAdI kA anya jJApaka hetu uThAnA vyartha ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra kahane vAle udyotakara gatAnugatikatA (dekhAdekhI) AtmasAt kara rahA hai, kyoMki anya prakAra se bhI hetvantara kA vacana (kathana) dekhA jAtA hai| . tathA hetvantara ke samAna vAdI ke dvArA avizeSa rUpa se dRSTAnta upanaya aura nigamana ke kathana kA niSedha kara dene para puna:dRSTAnta Adi meM vizeSaNoM kI icchA rakhane vAle vAdI ke dvArA anya dRSTAnta upanaya Adi ko grahaNa karane para pUrvakathita dRSTAnta Adi kI asAmarthya ko prakaTa kara dene se vAdI kA nigraha sthAna ho jAtA hai| athavA pUrvakathita dRSTAnta Adi kI yogya sAmarthya hone para punaH vAdI dvArA pratidRSTAntAntara kA kathana karanA vyartha ho jAtA hai| aisA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| isameM AkSepa aura samAdhAna samAna haiN| arthAt hetvantara nigraha sthAna ke samAna dRSTAntAntara Adi nigrahasthAna bhI ho sakate haiN| inameM koI vizeSatA nahIM aba nyAya darzana meM gautama RSi ne jo 'arthAntara' nigrahasthAna kA lakSaNa karate samaya kahA thA ki prakaraNa artha se asambaddha (prakaraNa ke sAtha sambandha nahIM rakhane vAle) artha kA kathana karanA 'arthAntara' nAmaka nigraha sthAna hai| ata: prakaraNa prApta artha kI upekSA kara prakRta meM jisakI apekSA nahIM hai usa artha kA kathana karanA arthAntara hai| isameM svIkRta artha kI asaMgati hone se nigraha sthAna mAnA gayA hai| isI ko
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 228 pratisaMbaMdhazUnyAnAmarthAnAmabhibhASaNam / yatpuna: prakRtAdarthAdarthAMtarasamAzritam // 193 // kvacitkiMcidapi nyasya hetuM tacchabdasAdhane / padAdivyAkRtiM kuryAdyathAnekaprakArataH // 194 // tatrApi sAdhanezakte prokterthAMtaravAk katham / nigraho dUSaNe vApi lokavadviniyamyate // 195 // asamarthe tu tanna syaatksycitpksssaadhne| nigrahArthAMtaraM vAde nAnyatheti vinizcayaH // 196 // nirarthakaM vicArayitumArabhate varNakramasya nirdezo yathA tadvannirarthakaM / (kathaM) yathA jabajhabhetyAdeH pratyAhArasya kutracit / / 197 // AcArya kahate haiM- jo prakaraNa prApta artha se pratikUla arthAntara se Azrita hai tathA vidvAnoM ke prati sambandha se zUnya arthoM kA prarUpaka hai vaha arthAntara hai| jaise kisI pakSa meM kisI bhI sAdhya ko sthApita kara vAdI dvArA vivakSita hetu kahA gayA hai| aise avasara para vAdI usa hetu zabda ke siddha karane meM pada, kAraka, dhAtvartha Adi kA aneka prakAroM se vyutpAdana karane lagatA hai vA vyutpAdana karatA hai arthAt svAdigaNa kI "hi gatau buddhau ca" dhAtu se 'tun' pratyaya karane para kRdanta meM hetu zabda niSpanna hotA hai| subanta aura tiGanta ye do pada hote haiN| upasarga kriyA ke artha kA dyotaka hai| ityAdi aprakRta bAtoM kA kathana karanA vAdI kA nirarthaka nigrahasthAna ho jAtA hai, kyoMki vAdI prativAdiyoM ko nyAyapUrvaka sArthaka prakRtopayogI vAkya kahane caahie| prakaraNa ko chor3akara hetu zabda 'hinoti' dhAtu se tu pratyaya karane para banatA hai| ityAdi kahanA arthAntara nigraha sthAna hai||193-194|| arthAntara nAmaka nigraha sthAna ke prakaraNa meM vAdI ke dvArA sAdhya ko sAdhane meM samartha sAdhana (hetu) ke kaha dene para punaH yadi vAdI aprakata (aprakaraNa) kI vArtA kahatA hai to vaha vAdI kA arthAntara nAmaka nigraha sthAna kaise ho sakatA hai? athavA vAdI ke dvArA sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie asamartha hetu kA kathana karane para puna: asambaddha kathana karanA arthAntara nigraha kyoM kahA jAtA hai? vA vAdI ke kisI pakSa ke sAdhana meM prativAdI ke dvArA samartha dUSaNa dene para nigraha sthAna kahalAtA hai| vA asamartha .dUSaNa dene para nigraha sthAna kahalAtA hai| jaise ki loka meM svakIya kArya ko siddha karane ke lie kucha bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| arthAt laukika vyavasthA ke anusAra vizeSa rUpa se niyama kiyA jAtA hai, taba to nigrahasthAna nahIM ho sktaa| vAdI yA prativAdI dvArA asamartha sAdhana yA dUSaNa kahane para to kisI kA bhI vaha nigrahasthAna nahIM hogaa| vAda meM kisI bhI eka ke pakSa kI siddhi ho jAne para dUsare asambaddha bhASI kA arthAntara nigraha sthAna hogaa| anya prakAroM se nigrahasthAna ho jAne kI vyavasthA nahIM hai| isa prakAra pUrva prakaraNa meM isakA nizcaya kiyA hai||195-196|| aba nirarthaka nAmaka nigrahasthAna kA vicAra karate haiM - jaise ka kha ga gha Adi varNamAlA ke akSaroM ke krama kA nirdeza karanA nirarthaka hai, usI prakAra niSprayojana akSaroM kA prayoga karane se pratipAdaka kA nirarthaka nAmaka nigraha sthAna ho jAtA hai| jaise ki kisI sthala para zabda kI nityatA siddha karane ke lie vyAkaraNa ke "ja ba ga Da da za, jha bha gha, Dha dha Sa al hal jaza Adi pratyAhAroM kA nirUpaNa karane vAlA puruSa nigrahIta (parAjita) ho jAtA hai||197||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 229 yaduktaM varNakramo nirdezavannirarthakaM / tadyathA-nityaH zabdo jabagaDadazastvAjjhabhaghaDhadhaSvaditi // tatsarvathArthazUnyatvAt kiM saadhyaanupyogtH| dvayorAdivikalpotrAsaMbhavAdeva taadRshH||198|| varNakramAdizabdasyApyarthavattvAtkathaMcana / tadvicAre kvacidanutkAryeNArthena yogtH||199|| dvitIyakalpanAyAM tu sarvameva nirarthakam / nigrahasthAnamuktaM syAtsiddhavannopayogavat // 200 / / tasmAnnedaM pRthagyuktaM kakSApihitakAdivat / kathAvicchedamAnaM tu bhavetpakSAMtaroktivat // 201 // tathAhi-bruvanna sAdhyaM na sAdhanaM jAnIte asAdhyasAdhanaM copAdatte iti nigRhyate svapakSaM sAdhayatAnyena nAnyathA, nyAyavirodhAt / yadapyuktaM, "pariSatprativAdibhyAM trirabhihitamapyavijJAtamavijJAtArthaM bhASye codanAhatamasAmarthyaM ca saMvaraNAnnigrahasthAnaM sasAmarthya cAjJAnamiti, tadiha vicAryate nyAya darzana ma gautama RSi ne kahA hai ki varNoM ke krama kA nAma mAtra kathana karane ke samAna nirarthaka nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai, jaise zabda (pakSa) nitya hai (sAdhya) ja ba ga r3a dazpanA hone se (hetu) jha bha gha Dha dha Sa ke samAna (dRssttaant)| isa kathana meM vAcya-vAcaka bhAva nahIM hone se arthajJAna nahIM hotA hai| aura arthajJAna nahIM hone se vAdI svayameva nigrahasthAna ko prApta ho jAtA hai| __ jainAcArya kahate haiM ki nirarthaka nigrahasthAna sarvathA arthazUnya hone se vaktA kA nigraha karatA hai? athavA prakRta sAdhya ke sAdhana meM upayogI nahIM hone se nirarthaka vacana vaktA kA nigraha karatA hai? - ina donoM vikalpoM meM prathama vikalpa (sarvathA arthazUnyatA) to saMbhava nahIM hai- kyoMki vaise jagat meM sabhI arthoM meM zUnya zabdoM kA honA asaMbhava hai| varNakrama (rudana paThana) Adi zabdoM ke bhI kisI apekSA arthasahitapanA hai| sUkSma dRSTi se usakA vicAra karane para kvacit anukaraNa karAnA rUpa artha kI apekSA sabhI zabda arthavAna haiN| kisI-na-kisI rUpa se sabhI zabdoM kA artha ke sAtha yoga rahatA hI hai arthAt artha se sarvathA zUnya koI zabda hI nahIM hai||198-199|| _.. ' dUsare pakSa kI, sAdhya ke sAdhana meM nirupayogI hone se nirarthaka zabda vaktA kA nigraha karane vAle haiM, isa pakSa kI kalpanA karane para sarva nigraha sthAna nirarthaka nigraha sthAna ho jaayeNge| kyoMki nirarthaka nigraha sthAna ke samAna pratijJAhAni, pratijJAsaMnyAsa, pratijJAnantara Adi sabhI nigrahasthAna sAdhya ke sAdhana meM anupayogI hone se sabhI nigraha sthAnoM kA nirarthaka nigrahasthAna meM antarbhAva ho jaayegaa| isalie nirarthaka nigraha sthAna ko pRthak mAnanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| jaise kAMcha DhakanA, kaMpanA, hAtha phaTakAranA Adi pRthak nigraha sthAna nahIM haiN| pakSAntara ke kathana ke samAna isa nirarthaka nigraha sthAna se vAda kathA kA kevala viccheda ho sakatA hai| vAdI evaM prativAdI kI jaya, parAjaya nahIM ho sktii||200-201|| tathAhi (anumAna vAkya se isako siddha karate haiM) nirarthaka zabdoM ko kahane vAlA mAnava sAdhya aura sAdhana ko nahIM jAnatA hai| jo vacana sAdhya ke sAdhaka nahIM haiM ve sarva nirarthaka haiN| ata: unakA kathana karane vAlA nigrahasthAna ko prApta ho jAtA hai| parantu jo vAdI yA prativAdI svakIya pakSa ko siddha kara cukA hai vaha dUsare ke dvArA nigraha sthAna ko prApta nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki pakSa kI siddhi kara dene para bhI yadi nigrahasthAna kahA jAvegA to nyAyagranthoM se virodha ko prApta hogaa|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 230 pariSatprativAdibhyAM triruktamapi vAdinA / avijJAtamavijJAtArthaM taduktaM jaDAtmabhiH // 20 // yadA maMdamatI taavtprisstprtivaadinau| tadA satyagiropete nigrahasthAnamApayet // 203 // . yadA tu tau mahAprAjJau tadA gUDhAbhidhAnataH / drutoccArAdito vA syAttayoranavabodhanam / / 204 / / prAgvikalpe kathaM yuktaM tasya nigrahaNaM satAm / patravAkyaprayogepi vaktustadanuSaMgataH // 205 // aba avijJAtArtha nigraha sthAna kA vicAra karate haiM - nyAya darzana meM gautama RSi ne jo avijJAtArtha nigrahasthAna kA lakSaNa kahA thA ki vAdI ke dvArA tIna bAra kahane para bhI yadi sabhAsada tathA prativAdI ke vaha pakSa hetu samajha meM nahIM AtA hai to vAdI kA avijJAtArtha nAmaka nigraha sthAna ho jAtA hai (kahA jAtA hai)| nyAya bhASya meM udAharaNa dekara kahA hai ki vAdI ke dvArA tIna bAra kathita vAkya ko yadi prativAdI aura sabhAsada nahIM samajhate haiM to vaha vAdI kA avijJAtArtha nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai| athavA atyanta zIghra - zIghra uccAraNa karanA vA vijaya prApti kI icchA se gUDha artha vAle padoM kA prayoga karanA ityAdi kAraNoM se apane asAmarthya ko chipA dene kA kutsita prayoga karane para vAdI kA avijJAtArtha nAmaka nigrahasthAna hotA hai| yadi vAdI sAdhya ko sAdhane meM samartha hai to bhI gUr3ha pada prayoga karane se yA zIghra bolane se usakA ajJAna samajhA jAtA hai| isa prakaraNa meM usa avijJAtArtha kA AcArya vicAra karate haiM - jJAna se sarvathA bhinna jar3a svarUpa AtmA ko mAnane vAle naiyAyikoM ke dvArA jo avijJAta artha kA lakSaNa kahA gayA thA ki vAdI ke dvArA tIna bAra kisI vastu ke lakSaNa kA kathana karane para bhI yadi sabhAsada aura prativAdI ke samajha meM nahIM AyA ho to isase vAdI kA avijJAtArtha nAmaka nigrahasthAna ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra prativAdI ke dvArA tIna bAra kahane para vAdI aura sabhAsadoM ke samajha meM nahIM AtA hai to prativAdI kA avijJAtArtha nAmaka nigraha sthAna ho jAtA hai| jaba sabhAsada aura prativAdI maMda buddhi ke dhAraka haiM, taba to satya vacana bolane vAle vAdI meM (vA vAdI ke) bhI nigrahasthAna prApta karA deMge; vAdI kI parAjaya karA deNge| arthAt mUrkha logoM kI sabhA meM vidvAn bhI parAjaya ko prApta ho jAtA hai| mahApaMDita bhI mUoM ke dvArA jIta liyA jAtA hai||202-203|| jaba sabhAsada aura prativAdI mahAprAjJa (buddhimAna) haiM, taba vAdI ke dvArA gUr3ha padoM kA prayoga karane se athavA zIghra uccAraNa karane se una donoM ko jJAna nahIM ho rahA hai (ve samajha nahIM pA rahe haiM), to prathama vikalpa meM (vAdI ke dvArA gUDha prayoga karane ke kAraNa) to sajjana puruSoM ke sammukha vAdI kA nigraha (parAjaya) kaise yukta ho sakatA hai? arthAt vAdI kI parAjaya nahIM ho sktii| kyoMki gUr3ha pada ke prayoga karane para prativAdI artha ko nahIM samajha pAtA hai isase yadi vAdI kA nigraha kiyA jAyegA to patravAkya ke prayoga meM bhI vaktA ke nigraha sthAna kA prasaMga aayegaa| parantu jahA~ gUr3ha padoM ko patra meM likha kara zAstrArtha kiyA jAtA hai, vahA~ gUr3ha artha prativAdI kI samajha meM nahIM AtA hai to vAdI kA nigrahasthAna nahIM ho sakatA // 204205 //
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 231 patravAkyaM svayaM vAdI vyaacssttenyairnishcitm| yathA tathaiva vyAcaSTAM gUDhopanyAsamAtmanaH // 206 // avyAkhyAne tu tasyAstu jayAbhAvo na nigrahaH / parasya pakSasaMsiddhyabhAvAtAvatA dhruvam 207 drutoccArAditastvetAH kthNcidvgcchtH| siddhAMtadvayatattvajJaistato nAjJAnasaMbhavaH // 208 // vaktuH pralApamAtre tu tayoranavabodhanam / nAvijJAtArthametatsyAdvarNAnukramavAdavat // 209 // tato nedamavijJAtArthaM nirarthakAdbhidyate nApyapArthakamityAhapratisaMbaMdhahInAnAM shbdaanaambhibhaassnnN| paurvAparyeNa yogasya tatrAbhAvAdapArthakam // 210 // dADimAni dazetyAdizabdavatparikIrtanam / te nirarthakato bhinnaM na yuktyA vyvtisstthte||211|| yadi vAdI anya vidvAnoM ke dvArA anizcita patravAkya kA jaise vyAkhyAna karatA hai, usI prakAra vAdI gUr3ha padoM kA vyAkhyAna kara detA hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki gUr3ha pada kA prayoga karake vAdI kisI kAraNavaza usa gUr3ha zabda kA vyAkhyAna nahIM karatA hai to usa vAdI kI parAjaya ho sakatI hai, parantu isa prakAra gUr3ha padoM kA uccAraNa karane vAle vidvAn kA nigrahasthAna nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki gUr3ha artha kA uccAraNa karane para prativAdI ke pakSa kI siddhi kA abhAva hai| tathA parapakSa kI siddhi ke abhAva meM vAdI kA nigrahasthAna nahIM ho sktaa| arthAt gUr3ha artha kA prayoga karane para yadi prativAdI aura sabhAsadoM ko samajha meM nahIM AtA hai to vAdI avijJAta nAmaka nigrahasthAna ko prApta nahIM hotA hai||206-207|| yadi vAdI ke dvArA zIghra uccAraNa karanA vA za Sa sa evaM Da la va ba ta ra Adi kA viveka na karake zakRt kA sakRta uccAraNa karanA, dA~ta nahIM hone se spaSTa nahIM bola pAnA Adi kAraNoM se yadi prativAdI aura sabhAsada kucha svalpa samajha pAte haiM, pUrNa rUpa se samajha nahIM pAte haiN| kyoMki sabhAsada loga vAdI aura prativAdI donoM ke siddhAnta tattvoM ke jJAtA hote haiN| ata: sabhAsadoM ke dvArA vAdI ke abhipreta artha kA ajJAna honA saMbhava nahIM // 208 // ___ vaktA (vAdI) ke pralApa mAtra (vyartha vacanoM kA prayoga) karane para prativAdI aura sabhAsadoM ko vAdI ke dvArA kathita artha kA jJAna nahIM honA avijJAtArtha nigrahasthAna nahIM hai| jaise ki ja ba ga Da da za Adi varNoM ke anukrama kA nirdeza karake vyartha kathana karane vAle vAdI kA avijJAtArtha nAmaka nigraha sthAna nahIM hotA hai||209| isalie avijJAtArtha nAmaka nigraha sthAna ko mAnanA upayukta nahIM hai| .. isalie avijJAtArtha nAmaka nigraha sthAna nirarthaka nigrahasthAna se bhinna nahIM hai tathA apArthaka nAmaka nigraha sthAna bhI nirarthaka nigrahasthAna se bhinna nahIM hai| usI ko AcArya kahate haiM - pUrvApara ke sAtha yoga kA abhAva hone se artha sambandhahIna zabdoM kA kathana karanA apArthaka nAmaka nigraha sthAna hai, jaise daza anAra haiM, chaha roTI haiM, ityAdika zabda bolane ke samAna asaMgata zabdoM kA uccAraNa karanA vAdI kA apArthaka nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai| vaha apArthaka nAmaka nigrahasthAna bhI yuktipUrvaka vicAra karane para nirarthaka nigrahasthAna se pRthakbhUta vyavasthita nahIM ho sakatA // 210-211 //
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 232 nairarthakyaM hi varNAnAM yathA tdvtpdaatissu| nAbhidyetAnyathA vAkyaM nairarthakyaM tatoparam // 212 // na hi parasparamasaMgatAni padAnyeva na punarvAkyAnIti zakyaM vaktuM, teSAmapi paurvAparyeNApi prayujyamAnAnAM bhulmuplbhaat| "zaMkhaH kadalyAM kadalI ca bheryAM tasyAM ca bheryAM sumahadvimAnaM / tacchaMkhabherI kadalI vimAnamunmattagaMgapratimaM babhUva // " ityaadivt| yadi puna: padanairarthakyameva vAkyanairarthakyaM padasamudAyatvAdvAkyasyeti matistadA varNanairarthakyameva padanairarthakyamastu varNasamudAyatvAtpadasyeti manyatAM, varNAnAM sarvatra nirarthakatvAtpadasya nirarthakatvaprasaMga iti cet, padasyApi nirarthakatvAttatsamudAyAtmano vAkyasyApi nirarthakatvAnuSaMgaH / padArthApekSayA sArthakaM padamiti cet, vArthApekSayA varNaH sArthakostu / prakRtipratyayAdivarNavat na prakRti: kevalA padaM pratyayo vA, nApi tayoranarthakatvamabhivyaktArthAbhAvAdanarthakatve padasyApyanarthakatvaM / yathaiva hi prakRtyarthaH pratyayenAbhibhidyate jisa prakAra nirarthaka nigrahasthAna meM ja ba ga r3a Adi varNoM kA nirarthakapanA hai, usI prakAra yahA~ pada Adi meM bhI vargoM ke samudAya padoM kA sAdhya upayogI artha se rahita hai| ataH nirarthaka nigrahasthAna se pRthak apArthaka nAmaka nigrahasthAna nahIM hai| anyathA (varNoM kI nirarthakatA se padoM kI nirarthakatA ko pRthak nigraha sthAna mAnA jAyegA taba to) usase pRthak vAkyoM kA nirarthakapanA svarUpa vAkya nairarthakya nAmaka nigraha sthAna bhI pRthak mAnanA par3egA, jo naiyAyikoM ke siddhAnta meM pRthakbhUta nahIM mAnA hai, arthAt naiyAyikoM ne vAkyanairarthakya nAmaka nigraha sthAna nahIM mAnA hai||212|| paraspara saMgati nahIM rakhane vAle pada hote haiM aura paraspara asambaddha vAkya nahIM hote haiM - aisA bhI kahanA zakya nahIM hai, kyoMki pUrvApara sambandha rahita prayoga kiye gae bahuta se vAkyoM kI upalabdhi hotI hai| jaise zaMkha kele meM hai aura nagAr3e meM kelA hai| usa bherI meM sumahad vimAna hai| zaMkha, bherI, kelA, vimAna, unmatta, gaMgA samAna hote haiN| isa prakAra aura bhI aneka vAkya paraspara sambandha rahita hote haiN| yadi kaho ki padoM kA nirarthakapanA hI vAkyoM kA nirarthakapanA hai, kyoMki padoM kA samudAya hI vAkya hotA hai| isalie apArthaka se bhinna vAkya nirarthaka nAmaka nigrahasthAna nahIM hai| isake pratyuttara meM jainAcArya kahate haiM ki aisA mAnane para to varNoM kA nirarthakapanA hI pada kA nirarthakapanA ho jaayegaa| kyoMki vargoM kA samudAya hI pada hai| aisA mAnanA caahie| isalie nirarthaka nigrahasthAna se bhinna apArthaka nigrahasthAna nahIM mAnanA caahie| ___ "ka kha" Adi akele varNa nirarthaka hote haiM, isalie nirarthaka varNoM ke samudAya rUpa pada ke bhI nirarthaka hone kA prasaMga AtA hai| aisA kahane para to "vastraM yA Anaya" Adi padoM ke bhI nirarthakapanA hone se una padoM ke samudAya rUpa vAkya ko bhI nirarthakapane kA prasaMga aayegaa| "pada ke artha kI apekSA pada sArthaka hai" aisA kahane para to varNArtha kI apekSA varNa sArthaka ho sakatA hai| arthAt ekAkSarI koza ke anusAra eka varNa kA bhI artha prasiddha hai| jaise "I" lakSmI, "a" brahmA ityAdi / tathA jaise prakRti, pratyaya Adi varNoM kA artha bhinna hai| arthAt - jaise ghaTa prakRti kA artha kambu grIvAdimAna vyakti hai aura "si" vibhakti kA artha ekatva saMkhyA hai| gamla prakRti kA artha "gamana" hai| tip kA artha ekatva svataMtra kartA hai| isalie varNa bhI apanA svataMtra artha rakhatA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 233 pratyayArthaH svaprakRtyA tayoH kevlyorpryogaarhtvaat| tathA devadattastiSThatItyAdiprayogeSu subaMtapadArthasya tiDaMtapadenAbhivyakteH tiGatapadArthasya ca subaMtapadenAbhivyakte:kevalasyAprayogArhatvAdabhivyaktArthAbhAvo vibhAvyata ev| padAMtarApekSatve sArthakatvameveti tatprakRtyapekSasya pratyayasya tadapekSasya ca prakRtyAdivatsvasya sArthakatvaM sAdhayatyeva sarvathA vizeSAbhAvAt / tato varNAnAM padAnAM ca saMgatArthAnAM nirarthakatvamicchatA vAkyAnAmapyasaMgatArthAnAM nirarthakatvameSitavyaM / tasya tataH pRthaktvena nigRhNan sthAnatvAniSTau varNapadanirarthakatvayorapi tathA nigrahAdhikaraNatvaM mA bhuut| yadapyuktaM, avayavaviparyAsaM vacanamaprAptakAlaM avayavAnAM pratijJAdInAM viparyayeNAbhidhAnaM nigrhsthaanmiti| tadapi na sughaTamityAha kevala prakRti, pada aura pratyaya kA kathana nahIM hotA hai| arthAt-pratyaya ke prayoga binA akelI prakRti kA uccAraNa nahIM ho sktaa| tathA prakRti nirapekSa pada aura pratyaya kA bhI uccAraNa nahIM ho sktaa| kevala bAlakoM ko samajhAne ke lie hI kahA jAtA hai ghaTa prakRti hai, 'si' pratyaya hai aura ghaTa: yaha pada hai| ghaTaM Anaya - yaha vAkya hai| prakRti aura pratyaya kA akelA uccAraNa na hone se inakA kathana nirarthaka bhI nahIM hai| .. yadi artha kI abhivyakti nahIM hone se kevala prakRti yA pratyaya arthazUnya hai - aisA kahoge to kevala pada bhI anarthaka ho jaayegaa| ___ jisa prakAra pratyaya ke dvArA prakRti kA artha prakaTa hotA hai, aura svakIya prakRti se pratyaya kA artha vyakta hotA hai| arthAt - tip pratyaya se paTh dhAtu kA artha par3hanA prakaTa ho jAtA hai aura paTh dhAtu se 'tip' pratyaya kA artha kartA ekavacana vartamAna kAla yaha vyakta hotA hai| isalie kevala pratyaya yA prakati kA prayoga karanA yukta nahIM hai| tathA prakRti aura pratyaya ke samAna hI devadatta baiThA hai, vaha likhatA hai - ityAdi prayogoM meM 'subanta' pada ke artha kI tiGanta ke dvArA abhivyakti hone se aura "tiGanta" pada ke artha kI 'subanta' ke dvArA abhivyakti hone se kevala tiGanta yA kevala akele subanta kA prayoga karanA bhI yogya (ucita) nahIM hai| kevala 'subanta' yA "tiGanta' pada kA artha prakaTa nahIM hai, yaha bhI jAna liyA jAtA hai| pada ke abhivyakta artha kA abhAva hai, yaha jAna liyA jAtA hai| yadi kaho ki anya pada kI apekSA rakhane se sArthaka hai,taba to hama bhI kaha sakate haiM ki isa prakAra to prakRti kI apekSA pratyaya ko aura pratyaya kI apekSA rakhane vAlA prakRti Adi ke samAna svake hI sArthakapanA siddha kara detA hai| ina donoM meM sarvathA vizeSatA kA abhAva hI hai| bhAvArtha - paraspara meM apekSA rakhane vAle pratyaya aura prakRti ke samAna eka pada ko bhI dUsare pada kI apekSA rakhanA anivArya hai| isalie asaMgata varNa aura padoM ko nirarthaka cAhane (kahane) vAle naiyAyikoM ko asaMgata artha vAle (paraspara nirapekSa varNa vAle) vAkyoM ko bhI nirarthaka svIkAra karanA caahie| yadi naiyAyika usa asaMgata artha vAle vAkyoM ke nirarthakatva ko apArthaka nigrahasthAna se bhinna dUsarA nigraha sthAna iSTa nahIM kareMge, to varNoM kA nirarthakapanA aura padoM ke nirarthakapane ke bhI apArthaka se bhinnatva nigrahAdhikaraNatva nahIM ho sktaa| jo bhI naiyAyika ne "pratijJA, hetu, dRSTAnta, upanaya aura nigamana rUpa avayavoM kA viparIta rUpa se kathana karanA avayava viparyAsa vacana aprApta kAla nigrahasthAna hai"-aisA kahA hai, vaha bhI sughaTa nahIM hai (ghaTita nahIM hotA hai)| isI ko vidyAnanda AcArya kahate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 234 saMdhAdyavayavAnyAyAdviparyAsena bhASaNam / aprAptakAlamAkhyAtaM taccAyuktaM manISiNAm / 213 // padAnAM kramaniyama vinArthAdhyavasAyataH / devadattAdivAkyeSu zAstreSvevaM vinirNayAt // 214 // yathApazabdataH shbdprtyyaadrthnishcyH| zabdAdeva tathAzvAdivyutkramAcca kramasya vit 215 // tato vAkyArthanirNIti: pAraMparyeNa jaayte| viparyAsAttu naiveti kecidAhustadapyasat // 216 // vyutkrmaadrthnirnniitirpshbdaadivetypi| vaktuM zaktestathA dRSTeH srvthaapyvishesstH||217|| pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa Adi avayavoM ke kathana karane ke nyAya mArga se viparIta kathana karanA aprApta kAla nAmaka nigrahasthAna kahA thaa| parantu vaha nigrahasthAna nyAya buddhi ke dhAraka buddhimAnoM ke sammukha ayukta hai (ucita nahIM hai)| kyoMki padoM ke krama ke niyama ke binA bhI artha kA nirNaya ho jAtA hai| jaise devadattAdi laukika vAkyoM meM padoM kA krama bhaMga ho jAne se artha kI pratipatti ho jAtI hai| isI prakAra zAstrIya vAkyoMmeM bhI anumAna ke avayavoM ke krama kA bhaMga hone se artha kA nirNaya ho jAtA hai| bhAvArtha - jaise laukika vAkya meM "rAma vana ko jAte haiM", "jAte haiM rAma vana ko" "rAma jAte haiM vana ko" ityAdi krama ko bhaMga karake (bhI) vAkyoM kA uccAraNa karane para bhI yaha nizcaya hotA hai ki rAma vana ko jAte haiN|' isI prakAra zAstrArtha meM bhI "parvata agnivAlA hai dhuA~ vAlA hone se", "dhuA~ vAlA hone se parvata agni vAlA hai" isa prakAra pratijJA hetu Adi kA kramabhaMga ho jAne para bhI artha kA vizeSa rUpa se nirNaya ho jAtA hai| jaise padyAtmakachandoM ko krama vA akrama se sunakara saMgata artha kI zIghra hI pratipatti ho jAtI hai| ata: aprApta kAla nAmaka nigrahasthAna siddha nahIM hotA hai||213-214|| jisa prakAra apa (azuddha yA apabhraSTa) zabda se samIcIna zabdoM kA jJAna hokara punaH zuddha zabda pratyaya se jo artha kA nizcaya hotA hai, use zuddha zabdoM se hI vAkyArtha kA jJAna huA hai - aisA mAnanA caahie| arthAt jaise kukkura, gaiyA Adi apabhraMza zabda sunakara kuttA tathA gAya zabda kI pratipatti ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra azva, jinadatta Adi padoM ke akrama se uccAraNa karane para bhI paMdoM ke krama kA jJAna ho jAtA hai aura tadanantara paramparA se vAkya ke artha kA nirNaya ho jAtA hai| padoM kI viparItaMtA se kisI bhI vAkya ke artha kI pratipatti nahIM hotI hai| aisA koI (naiyAyika) kahate haiN| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki naiyAyika kA yaha kathana samIcIna nahIM hai // 215-216 // jaise krama rahita apazabda se asabhya puruSoM ko artha kA nirNaya ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra kartA, karma, yA pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana kA krama se uccAraNa nahIM hone para artha kI pratipatti ho jAtI hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki aisA hama kaha sakate haiN| kyoMki uccArita kiye gaye jisa zabda se jisa artha meM pratIti hotI dekhI jAtI hai, vahI zabda usakA vAcaka hai, anya nhiiN| ata: jaise krama se pratijJA Adi uccAraNa karane se jaise artha kI pratIti hotI hai, vaise hI akrama uccAraNa karane se hotI hai| kyoMki ina donoM meM (krama se uccAraNa aura akrama se uccAraNa) sarvathA avizeSatA (koI vizeSatA nahIM) hai| athavA zAstrIya prayoga meM aura laukika prayoga meM sarvathA koI vizeSatA nahIM hai| arthAt dhUmAt vahnivAn parvataH, vahnivAn parvato dhUmAt, khA lo roTI vA roTI khA lo - ityAdi vAkyoM meM padoM kA krama se vinyAsa nahIM hote hue bhI arthabodha samIcIna hotA hai||217||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 235 zabdAvyAkhyAnavaiyarthyamevaM cettttvvaadinaam| nApazabdeSvapi prAyo vyAkhyAnasyopalakSaNAt // 218 // yathA ca saMskRtAcchabdAtsatyAddharmastathAnyataH / syAdasatyaM yadA dharmaH kva niyamaH puNyapApayoH // 219 / / vRddhaprasiddhitastveSa vyavahAraH prvrtte| saMskRtairiti sarvApazabdai SAsvanairiva // 220 // tatonizcayo yena padena kramazaH sthitaH / tadvyatikramaNAddoSo nairarthakyaM na cAparam // 221 // etenaitadapi prtyaakhyaatN| yadAhodyotakaraH, "yathA gaurityasya padasyArthe gauNIti prayujyamAnaM padaM na vaktrAdimatamarthaM pratipAdayatIti na zabdAvyAkhyAnaM vyarthaM anenApazabdenAsau gozabdameva pratipadyate gozabdAdvaktrAdimaMtamarthaM tathA pratijJAdyavayavaviparyayeNAnupUrvI pratipadyate tyaanupuurvyaarthmiti| pUrvaM hi tAvatkarmopAdIyate loketatodhikaraNAdi mRtpiNddckraadivt| tathA naivAyaM samayopi tvrthsyaanupuurvii|'' soyamarthAnupUrvImanvAcakSANo nAma vyAkhyeyAt kasyAyaM samaya iti| tathA zAstre vAkyArthasaMgrahArthamupAdIyate saMgRhItaM tvarthaM vAkyena pratipAdayitA prayogakAle pratijJAdikayAnupUrvyA pratipAdayatIti sarvathAnupUrvIpratipAdanA _ naiyAyika kahate haiM ki zabda Adi se apa zabda kA smaraNa karake arthajJAna kara lene para to tattvoM kA pratipAdana karane vAle vidvAnoM ko punaH samIcIna zabdoM ke dvArA vyAkhyA karanA, athavA punaH punaH kathana svarUpa anvAkhyAna (zloka kA anvayArtha) karanA (krama se zabdoM ke artha ko samajhAnA Adi) vyartha hoNge| ataH krama se hI zabdoM kI pratipatti hotI hai| isake pratyuttara meM jaina AcArya kahate haiM ki aisA nahIM kahanA caahie| kyoMki azuddha vA akrama zabdoM meM bhI prAyaH karake vyAkhyAna (samIcIna artha) kA honA dekhA jAtA hai arthAta jaise grAmINa janoM ko mleccha bhASA meM hI samajhAyA jAtA hai||218|| .. jisa prakAra saMskArayukta satya zabdoM se dharma hotA hai, vaise hI anya grAmINa zabdoM se bhI puNya hotA hai| jaise asatya saMskRta zabdoM ke uccAraNa se pApa hotA hai vaise hI asatya asabhya grAmINa zabdoM ke uccAraNa se pApa hotA hai| ataH saMskRta zabda ke uccAraNa se puNya aura asaMskRta zabda ke uccAraNa se pApa hotA hai- yaha niyama kahA~ rahA? arthAt - zabda puNya, pApa ke kAraNa haiM - yaha niyama nahIM hai| kyoMki zabdoM se puNya, pApa kI vyavasthA mAnane para anuSThAna karanA vyartha ho jAtA hai||219|| tathA vRddha puruSoM kI prasiddhi se yaha vyavahAra pravRtta hotA hai ki dezabhASA ke dvArA jaisA artha kA nirNaya hotA hai usI prakAra saMskRta zabda aura sampUrNa apabhraSTa zabda ke dvArA bhI artha kI pratipatti hotI hai||220|| isase siddha hotA hai ki jisa pada ke dvArA krama se uccAraNa karane para artha kA nizcaya honA vyavasthita hai, una padoM kA vyatikramaNa ho jAne se zrotAoM ko artha kA nizcaya nahIM hotA hai| ata: yaha doSa hai, parantu yaha doSa vAstavika nahIM hai, nirarthaka hai| isalie vyatikrama doSa se bhinna aprApta kAla nAmaka nigraha sthAna mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai||221|| - jainAcArya kahate haiM ki isa kathana se udyotakara ke isa kathana kA bhI khaNDana kara diyA hai - jo udyotakara ne kahA thA ki "jaise gau - isa saMskRta pada ke artha meM yadi gauNI, gAya Adi padoM kA prayoga kara diyA jAya to mukha, sIMga Adi se sahita (yA mukha sIMgAdimAna) artha kA pratipAdana nahIM karatA hai| isalie azuddha zabda kA saMskRta zabda se vyAkhyAna karanA vyartha nahIM hai| kyoMki ina apazabdoM ke dvArA usa gau.zabda kA hI pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai jisase zrotA gau zabda se vadana (mukha) Adi se yukta artha ko jAna letA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 236 bhAvAdevAprAptakAlasya nigrahasthAnatvasamarthanAdanyathA paracodyasyaivamapi siddheH| samavAyAnabhyupagamAdbahuprayogAcca naivAvayavaviparyAsavacanaM nigrahasthAnamityetasya prihrtumshkteH| sarvArthAnupUrvI pratipAdanAbhAvo'vayavaviparyAsavacanasya nirrthktvaanyaayyH| tato nedaM nigrahasthAnAMtaraM / yaccoktaM hInamanyatamenApyavayavena nyUnaM / yasmin vAkye pratijJAdInAmanyatamAvayavo na bhavati tadvAkyaM hInaM veditavyaM / tacca nigrahasthAnasAdhanAbhAve sAdhyasiddherabhAvAt pratijJAdInAM paMcAnAmapi saadhntvaat| pratijJAnyUnaM nAstItyeke / tatra paryanuyojyA:, pratijJAnyUna vAkyaM yo brUte sa kiM nigRhyate? athavA neti yadi nigRhyate kathamanigrahasthAnaM? na hi tatra hetvAdayo na saMti usI prakAra pratijJA, hetu Adi avayavoM ke viparyAsa ke dvArA jahA~ akrama zabdoM kA uccAraNa kiyA gayA hai, vaha zrotA prathama to padoM kA anukrama banAkara zabdoM kI AnupUrvI ko anvita karatA huA jAna letA hai, pazcAt zAbda bodha ko karAne vAlI usa AnupUrvI se prakRta vAcya artha ko jAna letA hai arthAt anukrama se hI artha kA nirNaya hotA hai| loka meM bhI yahI dekhA jAtA hai ki sarvaprathama karma ko kahane vAle zabda kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, pazcAt adhikaraNa, sampradAna Adi kA prayoga hotA hai| jaise ghaMTa kA nirmANa karane ke lie sarvaprathama miTTI kA grahaNa hotA hai, pazcAt ghaTa ke nimitta cakra, daMDa Adi kaa| aura isa samaya bhI artha kI AnupUrvI nahIM hai| jaina AcArya kahate haiM ki "artha kI AnupUrvI kA zabdoM ke dvArA vyAkhyAna karane vAlA udyotakara jisa dArzanika kA nAma kahate haiM, yaha kisakA zAstra hai|" jo artha kI AnupUrvI ke sAtha hI zabda yojanA ko svIkAra karatA hai tathA zAstra meM vAkya arthoM kA saMgraha karane ke lie zabdoM ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai aura saMgRhIta artha ko vAkyoM ke dvArA pratipAdana karane vAlA vaktA prayoga kAla meM pratijJA, hetu Adi rUpa AnupUrvI se pratipAdana karatA hai (samajhAtA hai)| isalie sabhI prakAroM se AnupUrvI ke pratipAdana kA abhAva hone se hI aprApta kAla ke nigraha sthAna kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| anyathA isa prakAra dUsaroM kI zaMkAoM kI prasiddhi hotI hai| tathA zAstroM meM aisA svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai ki krama se hI vAkyoM ko bolanA caahie| tathA krama se bolane se bahuta zabdoM kA prayoga karanA par3atA hai| isalie avayavoM kA viparyAsa rUpa se kathana karanA nigrahasthAna nahIM hai| isa kathana kA naiyAyikoM ke dvArA parihAra karanA zakya bhI nahIM hai| yadi sabhI prakAroM se artha kI AnupUrvI ke pratipAdana kA abhAva hai taba to avayavoM ke viparyAsa kathana ke nirarthakapane se hI vAdI kA nigrahasthAna kahanA nyAya se anapeta hai| usa nirarthakapane se aprAptakAla ko pRthak nigrahasthAna mAnanA yukta nahIM hai| ata: aprAptakAla nAmaka nigrahasthAna pRthak nahIM hai| jo naiyAyikoM ne "anumAna meM niyata kiye gaye avayavoM meM se eka bhI avayava se nyUna kahanA, hIna nAmaka nigrahasthAna kahA hai|" jisa anumAna vAkya meM pratijJA Adi meM se koI bhI eka avayava nahIM kahA jAtA hai, usa vAkya ko hIna samajhanA cAhie aura nigrahasthAna ke sAdhana ke abhAva meM sAdhya kI siddhi kA abhAva ho jAne se pratijJA Adi pA~coM avayavoM ke sAdhanatva kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| isalie, anumAna ke pA~coM avayavoM meM eka avayava ke nahIM bolane para bhI nyUnatA A jAtI hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 237 na ca hetvAdidoSA: saMtIti nigrahaM caabhyupaiti| tsmaatprtijnyaanyuunmeveti| atha na nigrahaH nyUnaM vAkyamarthaM sAdhayatIti sAdhanAbhAve siddhirabhyupagatA bhvti| yacca bravISi siddhAMtaparigraha eva pratijJeti, tadapi na buddhyAmahe / karmaNa upAdAnaM hi pratijJAsAmAnyaM vizeSatovadhAritasya vastunaH parigrahaH siddhAMta iti kathamanayoraikyaM, yataH pratijJAsAdhanaviSayatayA sAdhanAMgaM na syAdityudyotakarasyAkUtaM, tadetadapi na samIcInamiti darzayati hInamanyatamenApi vAkyaM svAvayavena yan / tanyUnamityasatsvArthe pratItestAdRzAdapi // 222 // yAvadavayavaM vAkyaM sAdhyaM sAdhayati tAvadavayavameva sAdhanaM na ca paMcAvayavameva sAdhyaM sAdhayati kvacitpratijJAmaMtareNApi sAdhanavAkyasyotpattergamyamAnasya karmaNaH sAdhanAt / tathodAharaNahInamapi koI (naiyAyika) phira bhI kahate haiM ki pratijJAnyUna nAmaka nigrahasthAna nahIM hai| unake prati prazna uThatA hai ki jo vidvAn pratijJAnyUna nigrahasthAna ko mAnatA hai (kahatA hai) vaha nigrahasthAna ko prApta hotA hai ki nahIM? yadi vaha nigrahasthAna ko prApta hotA hai, to pratijJAnyUna vAkya anigrahasthAna kaise ho sakatA hai arthAt pratijJA se nyUna kahanA avazya vAdI kA nigraha sthAna hai| pratijJA se nyUna vAkya meM hetu udAharaNa Adi nahIM hai aisA bhI nahIM kaha skte| kyoMki usa vAkya meM hetu Adi pratIta hote haiN| isa anumAna vAkya meM hetu (hetvAbhAsa) Adi doSa pAye jAte haiN| isalie vAdI nigraha ko prApta ho jAtA hai| isalie pratijJAnyUna hI nigrahasthAna mAnanA caahie| yadi pratijJAnyUna vAkya ke dvArA vAdI kA nigraha nahIM mAnA jAtA hai, to nyUna vAkya bhI artha kI siddhi kara detA hai| isalie sAdhana ke abhAva meM bhI sAdhya kI siddhi svIkAra karanI par3egI, jo nyAya niyama ke viruddha hai| arthAt vAcaka zabdoM ke binA vAcya artha kI aura sAdhana vAkya ke binA sAdhya artha kI siddhi kisI bhI prakAra se nahIM ho sakatI hai| aura jo tuma (bauddha) kahate ho ki "svakIya siddhAnta kahane kA parigraha karanA hI pratijJA hai| ata: usako puna:punaH kahane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? yaha tumhArA kathana hama samajha nahIM pA rahe haiM kyoMki siddhAnta kA parigraha karanA pratijJA kaise ho sakatI hai? sAdhane yogya karma kA grahaNa karanA to niyama se pratijJA (sAmAnya) hai aura vizeSa rUpa se nirNIta vastu ko grahaNa karanA siddhAnta hai| ata: ina donoM (karma aura siddhAnta meM) ekatva kaise ho sakatA hai? jisase sAdhya siddhi kA upayogI viSaya hone se pratijJAvAkya sAdhya ko sAdhane kA aMga (kAraNa) bhUta nahIM ho sktaa| arthAt pratijJA sAdhyasiddhi kA aMga hai| usako nahIM kahane vAlA vAdI avazya hI parAjaya ko prApta ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra udyotakara vidvAn ne pratijJAnyUna ko nigrahasthAna siddha karane kI ceSTA kI hai| .. udyotakara kI yaha ceSTA prazaMsanIya nahIM hai, usI ko svayaM vArttikakAra dikhAte haiM - "jo vAkya pratijJA Adika avayavoM meM se eka bhI svakIya avayava se hIna hotA hai, vaha nyUna nigraha sthAna hai|" aisA bhI kahanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki isa prakAra ke nyUna vAkya se bhI paripUrNa svakIya artha meM pratIti hotI hai arthAt avayavahIna hetu se bhI anumAna kI siddhi ho jAtI hai||222|| jitane avayavoM ke dvArA vAkya prakRta sAdhya ko siddha karatA hai, utane hI avayavoM se yukta vAkya ko sAdhya kA sAdhaka mAnA jAtA hai| aisA niyama nahIM hai ki pA~ca avayava vAlA anumAna hI sAdhya ko
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 238 sAdhanavAkyamupapannaM sAdharmyavaidharyodAharaNavirahepi hetorgmktvsmrthnaat| tata evopanayanigamanahInamapi vAkyaM ca sAdhanaM pratijJAhInavat viduSaH prati hetoreva kevalasya prayogAbhyupagamAt / dhUmotra dRzyate ityuktepi kasyacidagnipratipatteH pravRttidarzanAt / sAmarthyAdgamyamAnAstatra pratijJAdayopi saMtIti cet, tarhi prayujyamAnA na saMtIti tairvinApi sAdhyasiddheH na teSAM vacanaM sAdhanaM sAdhyAvinAbhAvisAdhanamaMtareNa sAdhyasiddharasaMbhavAt / tadvacanameva sAdhanamatastanyUnaM na nigrahasthAnaM parasya svapakSasiddhau satyAmityetadeva zreyaH pratipadyAmahe / pratijJAdivacanaM tu pratipAdyAzayAnurodhena prayujyamAnaM na nirvAyate tata evAsiddho heturityAdipratijJAvacanaM hetudUSaNodbhAvanakAle kasyacinna virudhyate tdvcnniymaanbhyupgmaat| tarhi yathAvidhAnyUnAdarthasyApi siddhistathAvidhaM tannigrahasthAnamityapi na ghaTata ityAha siddha karatA hai, kyoMki kvacit (kahIM para) pratijJA vAkya ke binA bhI cAra avayava vAle sAdhana vAkya ke dvArA (bhI) anumAna vAkya kI utpatti ho jAne se gamyamAna (sAdhyasvarUpa) karma kI siddhi ho jAtI hai arthAt pratijJAvAkya kahane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| tathA udAharaNa hIna (rahita) sAdhana vAkya bhI upapanna hai, kyoMki hetu aura sAdhya ke sAtha sAdharmya dhAraka anvaya dRSTAnta aura hetu evaM sAdhya ke sAtha vaidharmya dhAraka vyatireka dRSTAnta ke binA bhI hetu ke gamakatva kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai arthAt - udAharaNa rahita bhI heta sAdhya kA gamaka ho sakatA hai| usI prakAra upanaya aura nigamana se rahita vAkya bhI anumAna (parArthAnumAna) kA sAdhana ho jAtA hai| jaise pratijJAhIna vAkya se sAdhya kI siddhi ho jAtI hai kyoMki vidvAnoM ke prati kevala hetu kA prayoga karanA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jaise yahA~ para dhuA~ dIkha rahA hai- itanA kahane para bhI kisI vidvAn ko agni kI. pratipatti ho jAtI hai| aisI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai| yadi kaho ki pratijJAdi se zUnya anumAna meM pratijJAdi bhI gamyamAna hone se vidyamAna haiM ataH pA~coM avayavoM se sAdhya kA sAdhana huA, nyUna se nahIM, aisA kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki pratijJA Adi kA yadyapi kaMThokta prayoga nahIM hai, tathApi unake binA sAdhya kI (kaMThokta uccAraNa kiye binA bhI) siddhi ho jAtI hai| kyoMki una pratijJA Adi kA uccAraNa karanA sAdhya kI siddhi meM prayojaka nahIM hai| sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha rakhane vAle sAdhana ke binA sAdhya kI siddhi honA asaMbhava hai| isalie jJApaka hetu kA prayoga karanA hI anumAna kA pradhAna sAdhana hai| ata: pratijJA Adi se nyUna vAkya nigrahasthAna kA kAraNa nahIM hai| kevala dUsare ke svapakSa kI siddhi ho jAne para vAdI kA nigrahasthAna ho jAtA hai| ataH maiM isa siddhAnta ko hI zreSTha mAnatA hU~ aura usI ko maiM prApta hotA huuN| ziSya ke anurodha se pratijJAdi vacana kA prayoga karane kA nivAraNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isalie hetu ke dUSaNoM ke udbhAvana ke avasara meM kisI eka vidvAn kA hetu asiddha hI hai| yaha hetu viruddha hai, ityAdika pratijJA vAkya kA kathana karanA viruddha nahIM hai| arthAt - dharma aura dharmI kA samudAya rUpa pratijJA vAkya bana jAtA hai| isalie, sabhI vidvAnoM ke prati una pA~coM avayavoM ke prayoga karane kA niyama nahIM hai| naiyAyika kahate haiM ki (yadi) jisa prakAra nyUna kathana se abhipreta artha kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai, usI prakAra nigrahasthAna nyUna kathana meM ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 239 yathA cArthApratIti: syAttannirarthakameva te| nigrahAMtaratoktistu tatra zraddhAnusAriNAm // 223 // yaccoktaM, hetUdAharaNAdikamadhikaM yasmin vAkye dvau hetU dvau vA dRSTAMtau tadvAkyamadhikaM nigrahasthAnaM AdhikyAditi tadapi nyUnena vyAkhyAtamityAha hetUdAharaNAbhyAM yadvAkyaM syAdadhikaM praiH| proktaM tadadhikaM nAma tacca nyUnena varNitam // 224 // tattvAparyavasAnAyAM kathAyAM tattvanirNayaH / yadA syAdadhikAdeva tadA kA nAma duSTatA // 225 // svArthike kedhike sarvaM nAsti vaakyaabhibhaassnne| tatprasaMgAttatorthasyAnizcayAttannirarthakam // 226 // jisa prakAra nyUna kathana (pratijJAdi hIna vAkya) se artha kI apratipatti hotI hai (artha kI pratipatti nahIM hotI hai), apitu vyartha hI nigrahasthAna ho jaayegaa| puna: nyUna avayavoM meM nigrahasthAnAntaroM kA kathana karanA to apane darzana kI andha zraddhA ke anusAra calane vAle naiyAyikoM ko hI zobhA detA hai, anya ko nahIM arthAt nigrahasthAna bhinna nahIM haiN|||223|| ... jo naiyAyikoM ne kahA thA ki jisa vAkya meM hetu, udAharaNa Adi adhika kahe jAte haiM, do dRSTAnta aura do hetu kahe jAte haiM vaha vAkya "adhika" nAmaka nigraha sthAna hai arthAt Adhikya kathana hone se vaktA kA nigrahasthAna hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM - nyUna nigrahasthAna ke khaNDana se adhika nAma nigrahasthAna kA bhI vyAkhyAna ho jAtA hai arthAt adhika nAmaka nigraha kA khaNDana ho jAtA hai| para naiyAyikoM ke dvArA "jo vAkya hetu aura udAharaNoM se adhika hai", vaha adhika nAmaka * nigrahasthAna kahA gayA hai| vA upalakSaNa se upanaya, nigamana se bhI adhika hai, vaha adhika nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki vaha adhika nAmaka nigrahasthAna nyUna nAmaka nigrahasthAna ke kathana se varNita hai| arthAt nyUna nAmaka nigrahasthAna se usakA kathana ho cukA hai| athavA, vAda kathA meM jaba antima rUpa taka tattva kA nirNaya hotA hai, taba adhika kathana bhI karanA par3atA hai| to vaha adhika kathana nigrahasthAna se dUSita kaise ho sakatA hai! ___ jaba kisI ko saMkSepa se kahane para samajha meM nahIM AtA hai to usako samajhAne ke lie ati adhika hetu aura udAharaNoM ke dvArA samajhAyA jAtA hai| isalie adhika kA kathana karanA guNa hai, doSa nahIM hai // 224225 // - svArtha meM "ak' pratyaya hotA hai, usameM "ka" kA adhika uccAraNa hotA hai| jaise "bhavatkaH" "yuSmatkaH" "jIvakaH" ityaadi| usa "ka" pratyaya kA koI adhika artha nahIM hotA hai| jo artha "yuSmat" zabda kA hai, vahIM artha "yuSmatkaH" zabda kA hotA hai| ataH svArtha meM kiye gaye "ka" pratyaya vAle padoM se samuddhita vAkyoM ke kathana karane para vaktA ke prati usa adhika nigraha sthAna kI prApti kA prasaMga aayegaa| parantu jisa vAda meM adhika bolane se tattva kA nizcaya nahIM ho rahA hai, vahA~ adhika bolanA nirarthaka hai| isalie adhika nAmaka nigrahasthAna mAnanA upayukta nahIM hai||226||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 240 soyamudyotakaraH, sAdhyasyaikena jJApitatvAvyarthamabhidhAnaM dvitIyasya, prakAzite pradIpAMtaropAdAnavadanavasthAnaM vA, prakAzitepi sAdhanAMtaropAdAne parAparasAdhanAMtaropAdAnaprasaMgAditi bruvANaH pramANasaMplavaM samarthayata iti kathaM svasthaH? kasyacidarthasyaikena pramANena nizcayepi pramANAMtaraviSayatvepi na doSo dAdAditi cet, kimidaM dADhyaM nAma? sutarAM pratipattiriticet kimuktaM bhavati, sutarAmiti siddheH| pratipattiAbhyAM pramANAbhyAmiti cet, tAyena pramANena nizciterthe dvitIyaM pramANaM prakAzitaprakAzanavadvyarthamanavasthAnaM vA nizcitepi parAparapramANAnveSaNAt / iti kathaM pramANasaMplava:? yadi punarbahUpAyapratipattiH kathaM dAyamekatra bhUyasAM pramANAnAM so yaha udyotakara adhika ko nigrahasthAna kA samarthana karane ke lie isa prakAra kahatA hai ki do hetuoM ko kahane vAlA vAdI adhika kathana karane se nigRhIta hai| kyoMki eka hI hetu ke dvArA (jaba) sAdhya kA jJApana (jJAna) ho jAtA hai, sAdhya kI siddhi ho jAtI hai to dUsare hetu kA kathana karanA vyartha hai| jaise eka dIpaka ke dvArA prakAzita padArtha ko dUsare dIpaka ke dvArA prakAzita karanA vyartha hai| anya dIpakoM kA upAdAna karanA niSprayojanIya hai| athavA prakAzita ko prakAzita karane para anavasthA doSa bhI AtA hai| kyoMki hetu dvArA yA dIpaka dvArA padArtha ke prakAzita (pratibhAsita) ho jAne para yadi anya sAdhanoM kA upAdAna kiyA jAyegA, to uttarottara anya sAdhanoM ke grahaNa karane kA prasaMga ho jAne se anavasthA doSa AtA hai| isa prakAra pramANa saMplava kA samarthana karane vAlA udyotakara svastha kaise ho sakatA hai? bhAvArtha - eka hI artha meM pratyakSa Adi bahuta se pramANoM kI pravRtti ko pramANa saMplava kahate haiN| naiyAyika, mImAMsaka, jaina Adi sabhI vidvAn pramANa saMplava ko svIkAra karate haiN| jaise Agama se jAnI huI vastu ko yukti se (anumAna) se siddha karate haiM aura anumAnasiddha vastu ko pratyakSa jJAna ke dvArA bhI jAnanA cAhate haiN| parantu adhika nAmaka nigraha ke bhaya se udyotakara eka pramANa se jAnI huI vastu ko dUsare pramANa se jAnanA svIkAra nahIM karatA hai, vaha udyotakara svastha kaise ho sakatA hai? yadi kaho ki dRr3hatA ke lie, eka pramANa ke dvArA nizcita artha ko bhI anya pramANoM ke dvArA jAnanA doSarUpa nahIM hai, to jainAcArya kahate haiM ki vaha dRr3hatA kyA hai jisake lie eka pramANa ke dvArA jAne hue padArtha meM dUsare pramANa kI pravRtti hotI hai? yadi svayaM apane Apa binA parizrama ke pratipatti (jJAna) ho jAne ko dRr3hatA kahoge, to dUsare pramANa kI pravRtti kyoM mAnI jAtI hai? padArtha kI pratipatti to svayaM ukta prakAra se siddha ho cukI hai| ata: dUsare pramANoM kA utthApana karanA vyartha ho jAtA hai| yadi do pramANoM se pratipatti honA dRr3hatA hai, taba to Adi (prathama) pramANa ke dvArA nizcita hue artha meM punaH dvitIya pramANa kA utthApana karanA, prakAzita ko prakAzita karane ke samAna vyartha hai| vA nizcita padArtha kA bhI nizcaya karane meM uttarottara pramANoM kA anveSaNa karate rahane se anavasthA doSa AtA hai| aisI dazA meM pramANa saMplava ko kaise svIkAra kara sakate haiM? yadi puna: bahuta se upAyoM kI pratipatti honA hI dRr3hapanA hai tathA eka viSaya meM bahuta se pramANoM kI pravRtti ho jAne para pUrva jJAna meM saMvAda kI siddhi ho jAtI hai - aisI mati hai (aisA vicAra hai), taba to kisI
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 241 pravRttau saMvAdasiddhizceti matistadA hetunA dRSTAMtena vA kenacidjJApiterthe dvitIyasya hetodRSTAMtasya vA vacanaM kathamanarthakaM tasya tthaavidhdaaytvaat| na caivamanavasthA, kasyacitkvacinirAkAMkSatopapatteH prmaannaaNtrvt| kathaM kRtakatvAditi hetuH kvacidvadataH svArthikasya kapratyayasya vacanaM yatkRtakaM tadanityaM dRSTamiti vyApti pradarzayato yattadvacanamadhikaM nAma nigrahasthAnaM na syAt, tena vinApi tdrthprtiptteH| sarvatra vRttipadaprayogAdeva cArthapratipattau saMbhAvyamAnAyAM vAkyasya vacanaM kamarthaM puSNAti ? yenAdhikaM na syaat| tathAvidhavacanasyApi hetu aura dRSTAnta ke dvArA artha kI jJapti ho jAne para punaH dUsare hetu athavA dUsare dRSTAnta kA kathana karanA vyartha kaise ho sakatA hai? kyoMki usa dUsarI, tIsarI bAra kathita hetu yA dRSTAntoM ke bhI usa prakAra kI dRr3ha pratIti karA denA ghaTita ho jAtA hai arthAt jaise bahuta se upAyoM se artha kI pratipatti meM dRr3hatA A jAtI hai, usI prakAra aneka hetuoM aura dRSTAntoM se pUrva jJAna ke saMvAdoM kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| aneka hetuoM aura dRSTAntoM ke prayoga se anavasthA doSa AtA hai, aisA bhI nahIM kahanA cAhie kyoMki kisI ke kahIM para nirAkAMkSA kI utpatti ho jAtI hai arthAt smRti, pratyabhijJAna, anumAna Adi ke dvArA vastu kA svarUpa samajha meM A jAne para jAnane kI jijJAsA zAMta ho jAtI hai| jaise pramANAntara kA prayoga karane para kahIM para jijJAsA zAMta ho jAtI hai| ata: adhika hetu aura dRSTAntoM kA prayoga karane para anavasthA doSa nahIM AtA hai| isalie adhika ko nigrahasthAna mAnanA ucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai| ___ yadi adhika kathana karane ko vaktA kA nigrahasthAna mAnA jAyegA to kisI sthala para "zabdo'nitya:kRtakatvAt' - isa anumAna meM kRtatvAt ke sthAna para svArtha vAcaka pratyaya ko bar3hAkara "kRtakatvAt'-isa prakAra ke hetu ko kahane vAle vAdI ke dvArA kRtaM ke nija artha ko kahane vAle svArthika "ka' pratyaya kA kathana karanA vAdI kA adhikanigrahasthAna kyoM nahIM mAnA jAyegA? tathA ukta anumAna meM jo-jo kRtaka hotA hai, vaha-vaha padArtha anitya dekhA gayA hai, isa prakAra vyApti ko dikhAne vAle vAdI ke dvArA yat-yat aura tat-tat zabda kA kathana karanA (prayoga karanA) adhika nAmaka nigrahasthAna kyoM nahIM hogA? kyoMki yat-yat (jo-jo) tat-tat (vaha-vaha) - ina zabdoM ke prayoga ke binA bhI vyApti ke artha kI pratipatti ho jAtI hai| arthAt - "kRtakatva padArtha anitya hotA hai" itanA kahane mAtra se hI vyApti kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| sarvatra kRdanta, taddhita, samAsa Adi vRttiyoM se yukta padoM ke prayoga se hI artha kI pratipatti (jJAna) honA saMbhava hone para khaNDa rUpa se vAkya kA vacana kisa artha ko puSTa kara rahA hai jisase ki adhika nigrahasthAna nahIM ho skte| arthAt "itvarI'' isa laghukRdanta pada se jJAna ho sakatA hai to phira para-puruSagamana kA svabhAva rakhane vAlI vyabhicAriNI ke lie yaha adhika vAkya kyoM bolA jAtA hai? 'IryA samiti' kahane se jJAna ho sakatA hai, to phira cAra hAtha jamIna dekara calanA, aisA kyoM kahA jAtA hai? ataH aisA kahane vAlA vaktA adhika nigrahasthAna ko prApta hogaa| - yadi kaho ki kRdanta, taddhita Adi zabdoM kA vistArapUrvaka kathana karanA pratipatti (jJAna) kA upAya
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 242 pratipattyupAyatvAnna nigrahasthAnamiti cet, kathamanekasya hetodRSTAMtasya vA pratipattyupAyabhUtasya vacanaM nigrahAdhikaraNaM? nirarthakasya tu vacanaM nirarthakameva nigrahasthAnaM nyUnavanna punastatonyat // . punaruktaM nigrahasthAnaM vicArayitukAma Ahapunarvacanamarthasya zabdasya ca niveditam / punaruktaM vicArenyatrAnuvAdAtparIkSakaiH // 227 // tatrAdyameva manyate punaruktaM vacorthataH / zabdasAmyepi bhede'syAsaMbhavAdityudAhRtam // 228 // hasati hasati svaaminyuccairudtytiroditi| kRtaparikaraM svedodgAri pradhAvati dhaavti| guNasamuditaM doSApetaM praNiMdati niNdti| dhanalava parikrItaM yaMtraM pranRtyati nRtyati // 229 // hone se nigrahasthAna nahIM hai to pratipatti ke upAyabhUta aneka hetuoM aura dRSTAntoM ke vacana nigrahasthAna ke adhikaraNa kaise ho sakate haiM? arthAt nahIM ho skte| jisa prakAra nyUna kathana karane se artha kA jJAna nahIM hotA hai ata: nyUna nigrahasthAna na hokara nirarthaka hI hai| usI prakAra nirarthaka (niSprayojana) hetu dRSTAnta Adi kA prayoga karanA nirarthaka nigrahasthAna hai| adhika nAmaka bhinna nigrahasthAna nahIM hai| aba naiyAyikoM ke dvArA svIkRta punarukta nigrahasthAna kA vicAra karane ke icchuka jainAcArya kahate vicAra (vastu kA kathana) karate samaya zabda aura artha kA puna: kathana karanA punarukta nigrahasthAna. hai| zabda punarukta aura artha punarukta ke bheda se punarukta do prakAra kA hai| samAna artha vAle zabdoM kA niSprayojana bAra-bAra uccAraNa karanA zabdapunarukta hai jaise yaha ghaTa hai, yaha ghaTa hai, ityaadi| ghaTa ke dvArA kathita artha ko punaH kUTa zabda ke dvArA kahanA artha punarukta hai| parIkSaka vidvAnoM ke dvArA anuvAda ko chor3akara anyatra zabda aura artha kA niSprayojana kathana karanA punarukta doSa kahA gayA hai| vastu ko samajhAne ke lie yadi zabda yA artha kA puna:punaH kathana kiyA jAtA hai to punarukta doSa nahIM hai||227|| AcAryadeva kahate haiM ki usa punarukta ke prakaraNa meM Adi ke artha punarukta ko hI vidvajjana doSa mAnate haiM arthAt jo vacana artha kI apekSA punarukta hai, vaha punarukta nigrahasthAna kahA gayA hai| kyoMki zabdoM kI samAnatA hone para bhI artha kA bheda ho jAne para isa punarukta nigrahasthAna kI asaMbhavatA hai| isakA udAharaNa hariNI chanda ke dvArA isa prakAra diyA gayA hai ki- eka svAmibhaktA nAyikA svAmI ke ha~sane para jora se ha~satI hai, svAmI ke rone para jora se rotI hai| parikarasahita pasInA bahAne vAle svAmI ke daur3ane para daur3atI hai, svAmI ke dvArA nirdoSa guNI puruSa kI nindA karane para svayaM nindA karane laga jAtI hai, dhanalava (thor3e se dhana) ke dvArA kharIde hue khilaune ke samAna svAmI ke nAcane para svayaM nAcane laga jAtI hai| isa prakAra isa udAharaNa meM "hasati, roditi, dhAvati' ityAdika zabda kI punaruktatA hai parantu artha kI punaruktatA nahIM hai| kyoMki prathama kathita roditi, hasati, pradhAvati, natyati, zAntR pratyayAnta hone se sati artha meM saptamI
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 243 sabhyapratyAyanaM yAvattAvadvAcyamato budhaiH / sveSTArthavAcibhiHzabdastaizcAnyairvA nirAkulam // 230 // tadapratyAyi zabdasya vacanaM tu nirarthakam / sakRduktaM punarveti tAttvikAH saMpracakSate // 231 // sakRdvAde punarvAdonuvAdorthavizeSataH / punaruktaM yathA neSTaM kvacittadvadihApi tat // 232 // arthAdApadyamAnasya yacchabdena punrvcH| punaruktaM mataM yasya tasya sveSToktibAdhanam // 233 // yopyAha, zabdArthayoH punarvacanaM punaruktamanyatrAnuvAdAt arthAdApannasya svazabdena punarvacanaM punaruktamiti ca tasya pratipannArthapratipAdakatvena vaiyarthyAnnigrahasthAnamiti mataM na punaranyathA / tathA ca nirarthakAna viziSyate, vibhakti vAle haiM jisakA artha hai "ha~sane para, rone para ityaadi| dvitIya pada meM sthita hasati roditi" ityAdi tiGanta zabda laT lakAra ke kriyA rUpa hai| isa prakAra zlokoM ke zabdoM meM samAnatA hone para bhI arthabheda hone ke kAraNa punarukta doSa nahIM hai| zabda ke samAna yA bhinna hone para bhI yadi arthabheda nahIM hai to punarukta doSa AtA hai|||228-229|| ___ vidvAnoM ko utane (hI) zabda bolane cAhie jitane se sabhAsada puruSoM kA vyutpAdana ho sakatA hai (unakI buddhi kA vikAsa hotA hai)| apane abhISTa artha ko kahane vAle una zabdoM ke dvArA vA anya zabdoM ke dvArA nirAkula hokara bhASaNa karanA upayogI hai| . arthAt - artha ke samajhane aura samajhAne meM AkulatA na ho, usa prakAra se zabdoM kA prayoga karanA caahie| sabhAsadoM ko jJAna nahIM karAne vAle zabdoM kA prayoga karanA to nirarthaka hai| vyartha kathana puna:punaH karanA vA eka bAra kahanA ye saba nigrahasthAna meM antarbhUta haiN| aisA tattvavettA nirUpaNa karate haiM arthAt niSprayojana vacanoM kA eka bAra bhI uccAraNa nahIM karanA cAhie / / 230-231 // jisa prakAra eka bAra vAda kathA kaha cukane para prayojana kI vizeSatA hone se punaH kathana karanA rUpa anuvAda kahIM punarukta doSa se yukta nahIM kahA jAtA hai, usI prakAra artha kI vizeSatA hone para eka se zabdoM kA bAra-bAra uccAraNa karanA punarukta doSa se yukta nahIM hai||232|| . - jisa naiyAyika ke siddhAnta meM arthaprakaraNa se gamyamAna artha kA punaH zabdoM ke dvArA kathana karanA punarukta (mAnA gayA) hai, jainAcArya kahate haiM ki aisA kahane vAle una naiyAyikoM ke apane abhISTa kathana se hI bAdhA upasthita ho jAtI hai arthAt naiyAyika kA kathana svavacana bAdhita hai||233|| naiyAyika ne jo kahA thA ki "anuvAda karane se atirikta sthaloM para zabda aura artha kA puna: kathana karanA punarukta nigrahasthAna hai tathA arthApatti dvArA gamyamAna prameya (artha) kA svakIya paryAyavAcaka zabdoM se punaH kathana karanA bhI punarukta hai|" isa sUtra ke anuyAyI naiyAyikoM ke yahA~ jAne hue hI artha kA pratipAdaka hone se vyartha ho jAne ke kAraNa punarukta nAmaka nigrahasthAna mAnA hai| unhoMne puna: anya prakAra se nigrahasthAna svIkRta nahIM kiyA hai| tathA isa prakAra kahane para punarukta nigrahasthAna aura nirarthaka nigraha sthAna meM koI vizeSatA nahIM rahatI hai aura naiyAyikoM ke siddhAnta meM svavacana virodha AtA hai arthAt unakA kathana apane vacanoM se bAdhita ho jAtA hai| kyoMki svakIya granthoM meM svayaM naiyAyika ne uddeza, lakSaNanirdeza
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 244 svavacanavirodhazca / svayamuddezalakSaNaparIkSAvacanAnAM punaruktAnAM prAyeNAbhyupagamAdarthAgamyamAnasya pratijJAdevacanAcca / yadapyuktaM, vijJAtasya pariSadA tribhirabhihitasyApratyuccAraNamananubhASaNaM nigrahasthAnamiti tadanUdya vicArayannAha- . tridinoditasyApi vijJAtasyApi saMpadA / apratyuccAraNaM prAha parasyAnanubhASaNam // 234 // tadetaduttaraviSayAparijJAnAnnigrahasthAnamapratyuccArayato dUSaNavacanavirodhAt / tatredaM vicAryate, kiM sarvasya vAdinoktasyAnanuccAraNaM kiM vA yannAMtarIyakA sAdhyasiddhirabhimatA tasya saadhnvaakysyaannuccaarnnmiti|| yannAMtarIyakA siddhiH sAdhyasya tadabhASaNaM / parasya kathyate kaizcit sarvathAnanubhASaNaM // 235 // prAgupanyasya niHzeSaM propnystmNjsaa| pratyekaM dUSaNe vAcye punaruccAryate ydi||236|| . aura parIkSA ke punarukta vacanoM ko prAyaH karake bAhulya se svIkAra kiyA hai| jaise zabda ke prayoga binA hI gamyamAna (jAne gaye) pratijJA, dRSTAnta Adi kA vacanoM ke dvArA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| bhAvArtha - nAmamAtra kathana ko uddeza kahate haiN| asAdhAraNa dharma ke kathana ko lakSaNa kahate haiN| viruddha nAnA yuktiyoM kI prabalatA aura durbalatA kA nirNaya karane ke lie pravarttamAna vicAra ko parIkSA kahate haiN| pramANa, prameya, saMzaya Adi solaha padArthoM kA uddeza kiyA hai| puna: unake lakSaNa yA bhedoM ko kahA hai| pazcAt unakI parIkSA kI gaI hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki punarukta nAmaka nigrahasthAna ucita nahIM hai| naiyAyika ne jo yaha kahA thA ki sabhAsada ke dvArA vizeSa rUpa se jJAta tathA vAdI ke dvArA tIna bAra kathita vAkya artha kA prativAdI ke dvArA pratyuttara meM puna: uccAraNa nahIM karanA (usakA khaNDana nahIM karanA) ananubhASaNa nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai| usakA vicAra karate hue vidyAnanda AcArya kahate haiM - ___ vAdI ke dvArA tIna bAra kathita aura sabhAsadoM ke dvArA vijJAta padArtha kA prativAdI ke dvArA pratyuttara rUpa se uccAraNa nahIM karane ko prativAdI kA ananubhASaNa nAmaka nigrahasthAna kahA gayA hai||234|| tathA, prativAdI ko uttara viSayaka parijJAna nahIM hone se prativAdI kA ananubhASaNa nAmaka nigraha sthAna mAnA gayA hai| yadi prativAdI kucha bhI pratyuttara nahIM detA hai, to prativAdI ke dUSaNa vacana kA virodha hone se yaha ananubhASaNa nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai| aba yahA~ para vidyAnanda AcArya vicAra karate haiM ki kyA vAdI ke dvArA kathita sabhI vaktavya kA uccAraNa nahIM karanA prativAdI kA ananubhASaNa nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai? athavA jisa uccAraNa ke sAtha sAdhyasiddhi kA avinAbhAva abhISTa kiyA gayA hai, sAdhya ko sAdhane vAle usa vAkya kA uccAraNa nahIM karanA prativAdI kA ananubhASaNa nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai| koI kahate haiM ki - jisake uccAraNa ke binA prakRta sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI, (sabhI prakAra se) unakA uccAraNa nahIM karanA dUsare prativAdI kA ananubhASaNa nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai||235|| vAdI ke dvArA kathita sabhI vAkyoM kA uccAraNa karanA prativAdI ke lie ucita samajhanA yukta nahIM haiN| kyoMki pUrvokta vAdI ke dvArA kathita sampUrNa vAkyoM kA pratyuccAraNa nahIM karane vAle prativAdI dvArA dUSaNa kA vacana uThAne meM koI vyAghAta nahIM hai|||236||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 245 tadeva syAttadA tasya punaruktamasaMzayam / noccAryate yadA tvetattadA doSaH kva gadyate // 237 // tasmAdyaddeSyate yattatkarmatvAdi paroditam / taduccAraNameveSTamanyoccAro nirarthakaH // 238 // uktaM dUSayatAvazyaM darzanIyotra gocrH| anyathA dUSaNAvRtteH sarvoccArastu netyapi // 239 // kasyacidvacanaM neSTanigrahasthAnasAdhanaM / tsyaaprtibhyaivoktairuttraaprtipttitH||240|| tadetaddharmakIrtermatamayuktamityAhapratyuccArAsamarthatvaM kathyate'nanubhASaNaM / tasminnuccAritepyanyapakSavikSiptyavedanam // 241 // khyaapyte'prtibhaanysyetyetyornektaasthitiH| sAkSAtsaMlakSyate lokai: kIrteranyatra durgateH // 242 // prathama to prativAdI ko vAdI ke dvArA kathita sampUrNa artha kA tAttvika rUpa se zIghra upanyAsa karanA par3atA hai| punaH pratyeka vAkya meM dUSaNa kathana karane para prativAdI ke dvArA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai to usa prativAdI kA vaha kathana hI ni:saMzaya punarukta nigrahasthAna ho jAtA hai aura yadi vAdI ke dvArA kathita vAkyoM kA prativAdI uccAraNa nahIM karatA hai to naiyAyika matAnusAra ananubhASaNa nAmaka nigrahasthAna ko prApta hotA haiN| ataH prativAdI ko kaunasA doSa kahanA cAhie? isalie vAdI ke sarva kathana kA uccAraNa karanA upayukta nahIM hai apitu para (vAdI) ke dvArA kathita jisa-jisa sAdhya hetu Adi meM prativAdI dvArA dUSaNa diyA jA sakatA hai, usakA uccAraNa karanA hI prativAdI kA karttavya hai, iSTa hai| yadi prativAdI anya (niSprayojana) vAkyoM kA uccAraNa karegA, to nirarthaka nAmaka nigrahasthAna ko prApta hogA // 237-238 // uparyukta ananubhASaNa dUSaNa kA kathana karane vAle vidvAnoM ko yahA~ dUSaNa ke AdhAra sAdhya, hetu Adi viSaya avazya dikhalAne caahie| anyathA dUSaNoM kI pravRtti nahIM ho sktii| vAdI ke dvArA pratipAdita sarvavAkyoM kA uccAraNa karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| . isake pratyuttara meM jainAcArya kahate haiM ki yaha bhI kisI (dharmakIrti) kA kathana svakIya abhISTa nigrahasthAna kA sAdhaka nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki prativAdI ko svakIya vacana ke dvArA uttara dene kA jJAna na hone ke kAraNa apratibhA nAmaka nigrahasthAna ke dvArA prativAdI kA nigraha (parAjaya) kara diyA jAtA hai||239240|| isalie dharmakIti (bauddha anuyAyI) kA kathana ayukta hai| vidyAnanda AcArya kahate haiM - . pratyuttara kA uccAraNa karane meM asamartha prativAdI kA ananubhASaNa nAmaka nigrahasthAna kahA jAtA hai aura pratyuttara ke uccAraNa meM parapakSa ke dvArA diye gaye vikSepa (pratiSedha) kA jJAna nahIM honA anya (prativAdI) kA apratibhA nAmaka nigrahasthAna kahA jAtA hai- isalie ina ananubhASaNa aura apratibhA meM ekatA kI sthiti nahIM hai arthAt ye donoM eka nahIM haiN| vA, uttara nahIM denA yA uttara dene se sabhA kA kSobhita ho jAnA ananubhASaNa nigraha sthAna hai, aura uttara ko nahIM samajhAnA apratibhA nAmaka nigraha sthAna hai| durgati vA durmati ke kAraNa dharmakIrti ko chor3akara sarva laukika janoM ke dvArA apratibhA aura ananubhASaNa meM bheda dRSTigocara ho rahA hai||241-242 // isalie dUSaNa ke viSaya mAtra hetu Adi sarva avayavoM kA uccAraNa nahIM karanA prativAdI
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 246 tato'nanubhASaNaM sarvasya dUSaNaviSayamAtrasya vAnyadevApratibhAyA: kevalaM tannigrahasthAnamayuktaM, paroktimapratyuccArayatopi duussnnvcnnyaayyaat| tadyathA-sarvaM pratikSaNavinazvaraM sattvAditi kenacidukte tadukte pratyuccArayanneva paro viruddhatvaM hetorudbhAvayati, sarvamanekAMtAtmakaM sattvAt / kSaNakSayAdyekAMte sarvathArthakriyAvirodhAt sattvAnupapatteriti samarthayate ca tAvatA paropanyastahetordUSaNAt kiM prtyuccaarnnen| athaivaM dUSayitumasamarthaH zAstrArthajJAnapariNativizeSarahitatvAt tadAyamuttarApratipattereva tiraskriyate na punrprtyuccaarnnaat| sarvasya pakSadharmatvAdervAnuvAde punaruktatvAniSTeH pratyuccAraNopi tatrottaramaprakAzayan na hi na nigRhyate svapakSaM sAdhayatA, yato'pratibhaiva nigrahasthAnaM na syAt / yadapyuktaM, avijJAtaM cAjJAnamiti nigrahasthAnaM, tadapi na prativiziSTamityAhakA ananubhASaNa nigraha sthAna hai| vaha apratibhA nigrahasthAna se bhinna hai| dharmakIrti ke dvArA donoM nigrahasthAnoM ko eka kahanA ucita nahIM hai| ata: ananubhASaNa ko nigraha sthAna mAnanA yukta nahIM hai| kyoMki dUsare vidvAnoM ke dvArA kathita vAkyoM kA pratyuccAraNa nahIM karane vAle prativAdI ke dvArA dUSaNa vacana kahA jAnA nyAyamArga hai| jaise "sarva padArtha kSaNika haiM sattva hone se'| isa prakAra kisI ke dvArA kahane para usake pratikUla vAkyoM kA uccAraNa nahIM karatA huA bhI dUsarA viruddha hetvAbhAsa kA utthApana kara sakatA hai ki sabhI padArtha nitya anitya Adi aneka dharmAtmaka haiM sattva hone se kyoMki eka kSaNa meM sarvathA naSTa hone vAle padArthoM meM arthakriyA kA virodha hai| ata: unameM sattvapanA nahIM raha sktaa| isa prakAra prativAdI ne sattva hetu ke vipakSa meM bAdhaka pramANa kA kathana karake samarthana bhI kara diyA hai| itanA kahane mAtra se vAdI ke dvArA kathita hetu dUSita ho jAtA hai| punaH pratyuccAraNa karane se kyA lAbha hai? isalie jisake binA apane abhISTa sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai, usakA pratyuccAraNa nahIM karanA hI ananubhASaNa nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai| isa prakAra zAstrArtha jJAna pariNati vizeSa se rahita hone se yadi prativAdI hetu ko dUSita karane ke lie asamartha hai, taba to yaha prativAdI uttara kI apratipatti (ajJAna) rUpa apratibhA ke dvArA hI tiraskAra (nigraha) karane yogya hai| parantu apratyuccAraNa (ananubhASaNa) se prativAdI kA nigraha nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki sabhI vAdiyoM ne pakSadharmatva Adi kA kathana nahIM karanA hI ananubhASaNa mAnA hai| anuvAda meM punarukta doSa kisI ko bhI iSTa nahIM hai| yadi pratyuccAraNa karane vAlA bhI vAdI sAdhyasiddhi meM samIcIna uttara kA prakAzana nahIM kara rahA hai (samIcIna uttara nahIM de rahA hai) to vaha nigraha sthAna ko prApta nahIM huA, aisA nahIM hai| kintu svakIya pakSa ko siddha karane vAle vAdI ke dvArA vaha nigrahasthAna ko prApta ho jAtA hai jisase usake apratibhA nigrahasthAna nahIM ho arthAt apratibhA aura ananubhASaNa ye svataMtra nigrahasthAna nahIM haiN| vAdI ke kathana kA sabhAsadoM ko jJAna ho jAne para bhI yadi prativAdI usako samajha nahIM sakA hai to vaha "avijJAta ajJAna nAmaka" nigrahasthAna hai| aisA naiyAyika ne jo avijJAta nAmaka nigrahasthAna kA lakSaNa kiyA thA, vaha nigrahasthAna kisI vizeSatA ko rakhane vAlA nahIM hai, kisI vizeSa artha kA vAcaka nahIM hai| isI bAta ko jainAcArya vidyAnanda svAmI kahate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 247 ajJAtaM ca kilAjJAnaM vijJAtasyApi sNsdaa| parasya nigrahasthAnaM tatsamAnaM pratIyate // 243 // sarveSu hi pratijJAnahAnyAdiSu na vaadinoH| ajJAnAdaparaM kiMcinnigrahasthAnamAMjasam // 244 // teSAmetatprabhedatve bahunigrahaNaM na kim / ardhAjJAnAdibhedAnAM bahudhAtrAvadhAraNAt // 245 // uttarApratipattirapratibhetyapi nigrahasthAnamasya nAjJAnAdanyadityAhauttarApratipattiryA parairapratibhA mtaa| sApyetena prativyUDhA bhedenAjJAnataH sphuTam // 246 // yadapyuktaM, nigrahaprAptasyAnigrahaH paryanuyojyopekSaNaM nigrahasthAnamiti, tadapi na sAdhIya ityaah| yaH punarnigrahaprAptepyanigraha upeyte| kasyacitparyanuyojyopekSaNaM tadapi kRtam // 247 // sabhA ke dvArA vijJAta artha kA prativAdI ke dvArA nahIM samajhanA vA prativAdI ke samajha meM nahIM AnA yaha prativAdI kA avijJAta nAmaka nigrahasthAna bhI ajJAna nAmaka nigrahasthAna ke samAna hI pratIta ho rahA hai arthAt ajJAna nAmaka nigraha sthAna ananubhASaNa vA apArthaka nAmaka nigrahasthAna ke samAna hI hai; inameM koI vizeSatA nahIM hai / / 243 // tAttvika dRSTi se vicAra karane para jJAta hotA hai ki pratijJAhAni, pratijJAntara, punarukta, apArthaka, nyUna, adhika, ananubhASaNa Adi sampUrNa nigrahasthAnoM meM vAdI yA prativAdI ke ajJAna se bhinna koI dUsarA nigrahasthAna nirdoSa nahIM hai // 244 / / _ yadi una pratijJAhAni Adi nigrahasthAnoM ko isa ajJAna ke bheda, prabheda svarUpa mAnakara pRthak nirdeza kiyA jAtA hai to bahuta se nigrahasthAna kyoM nahIM hoMge? kyoMki vAdI vA prativAdI ke dvArA kathita ardha jJAna honA (ardhajJAna nigraha sthAna) caturthAMza jJAna honA, viparIta jJAna honA Adi bahuta se nigrahasthAnoM kI avadhAraNA ho sakatI hai| ata: nigrahasthAnoM kI saMkhyA kA niyama nahIM ho sktaa||245|| - vidvAn (ke dvArA) tattva ko samajhakara bhI yadi avasarakAla meM uttara nahIM detA hai to vaha prativAdI kA apratibhA nAmaka nigraha sthAna hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki naiyAyika ke dvArA svIkRta apratibhA nAmaka nigrahasthAna bhI ajJAna nAmaka nigrahasthAna se bhinna nahIM hai| isI artha ko spaSTa karate haiM - - jo naiyAyikoM ke dvArA avasara kAla meM uttara nahIM dene ko apratibhA nAmaka nigrahasthAna mAnA gayA hai, usa nigrahasthAna kA isa hetu se khaNDana kara diyA gayA hai| kyoMki ajJAna nigrahasthAna se apratibhA kA vyakta rUpa se koI bheda pratIta nahIM hotA hai arthAt ajJAna aura uttara kI apratipatti meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai||246|| jo naiyAyika ne nigrahaprApta vAdI, prativAdI kA punaH nigraha nahIM karanA paryanuyojyopekSaNa nAmaka nigraha sthAna kahA thA, vaha nigraha sthAna bhI zreSTha nahIM hai| isI ko AcArya kahate haiM - nigrahasthAna ko prApta kA punaH nigraha nahIM karanA caahie| isako kisI ne "paryanuyojyopekSaNa' nAma kA nigraha sthAna svIkAra kiyA hai parantu vaha nigrahasthAna apratibhA yA ajJAna nAmaka nigrahasthAna se bhinna nahIM hai| usI meM isakA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai||247||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 248 svayaM pratibhayA hi cettdNtrbhaavnirnnyH| sabhyairudbhAvanIyatvAttasya bhedo mahAnaho // 248 // vAdepyudbhAvayannaitanna hi kenApi dhaaryte| svaM kaupInaM na kopIha vivRNotIti cAkulam // 249 // uttarApratipattirhi parasyodbhAvayansvayaM / sAdhanasya sadoSatvamAvirbhAvayati dhruvam // 250 // saMbhavatyuttaraM yatra tatra tasyAnudIraNam / yuktaM nigrahaNaM nAnyatheti nyAyavidAM matam // 251 // nirdoSasAdhanoktau tu tUSNIMbhAvAdvinigrahaH / pralApamAnato veti pakSasiddheH sa AgataH // 252 // yadapyabhyadhAyi, svapakSadoSAbhyupagamAtparapakSe doSaprasaMgo mtaanujnyaa| yaH pareNa coditaM doSamanuddhRtya bhavatopyayaM doSa iti bravIti sA matAnujJAsya nigrahasthAnamiti, tadapyaparIkSitameveti parIkSyate- . naiyAyika kahatA hai ki apratibhA se nigRhIta puruSa meM pratibhA nahIM hai aura paryanuyojyopekSaNa se nigRhIta meM pratibhA vidyamAna hai| athavA, svayaM vaktA pratibhA se antarbhAva kA nirNaya karatA hai aura yaha paryanuyojyopekSaNa to madhyastha sabhAsadoM ke dvArA utthApana karane yogya hai| ata: apratibhA se usa paryanuyojyopekSaNa kA mahAn bheda hai| kyoMki kisI ke dvArA vAda meM isa nigrahasthAna ko uThAne para vaha avadhArita nahIM hotA hai arthAt vAda meM bhI vAdI, prativAdI ke dvArA uThAyA gayA nigrahasthAna kisI ke bhI dvArA manonukUla dhAraNa nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| nigrahasthAna ko prApta svayaM apanA nigrahasthAna nahIM uThAtA hai| nigrahasthAna ko prApta huA koI bhI puruSa isa loka meM apane Apa apanI kaupIna (laMgoTI). ko kholakara nahIM pheMka detA hai arthAt svakIya nigrahasthAna ko svayaM prakaTa nahIM karatA hai| kyoMki paryanuyojyopekSaNa uThAne ke lie nigRhIta ko AkulatA upasthita ho jAtI hai| isalie isakA nirNaya mAdhyasthoM ke Upara rakha diyA gayA hai|||248-249 // ___jo paNDita dUsare ke uttara kI apratipatti ko svayaM uThA rahA hai, vaha svayaM apane sAdhana ke doSa sahitatva ko nizcaya se pragaTa kara rahA hai||250|| jisa sthala para jo uttara saMbhava hai, usakA vahA~ kathana nahIM karanA apratibhA nigrahasthAna hai| aisA kahanA yukta hai| anya prakAra se nigrahasthAna nahIM hai| aisA nyAyazAstroM ke jAnane vAloM kA mantavya hai||251|| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki vAdI dvArA nirdoSa hetu kA kathana kara cukane para prativAdI kA cupa raha jAnA vizeSa rUpa se nigrahasthAna hai| athavA kevala vyartha bakavAda karane se prativAdI kA nigraha hotA hai| ata: svapakSa kI siddhi hI dUsare kA nigrahasthAna (vA parAjaya) hai| svapakSa kI siddhi ke binA kevala nigrahasthAna se koI nigRhIta nahIM hotA hai| isalie ajJAna se bhinna "paryanuyojyopekSaNa' nAma kA nigrahasthAna nahIM hai||252|| ___ jo naiyAyika ne kahA thA ki svapakSa ke doSoM ko svIkAra karake parapakSa meM doSoM kA prasaMga denA parapakSa meM doSa uThAnA matAnujJA nAmaka nigraha sthAna hai| athavA, jo dUsaroM ke dvArA kathita doSoM kA uddhAra (nirAkaraNa) nahIM karake "Apake pakSa meM bhI ye hI doSa haiM" - aisA kahatA hai vaha usake matAnujJA nAmaka nigraha sthAna hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki yaha naiyAyikoM kA kathana aparIkSita hai (binA vicAre kahA gayA hai)| isaliye usakI parIkSA karate haiM - dUsare ke dvArA kathita doSoM ko svakIya pakSa meM svIkAra karake, usa doSa kA nirAkaraNa nahIM karake
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 249 svapakSe doSamupayan parapakSe prasaMjayan / matAnujJAmavApnoti nigRhItiM na yuktitaH // 253 / / dvayorevaM sadoSatvaM tAttvikaiH sthApyate ytH| pakSasiddhinirodhasya samAnatvena nirNayAt // 254 // anaikAMtikataivaivaM samudbhAvyeti kecn| hetoravacane tacca nopapattimadIkSyate // 255 // tathottarApratItiH syAdityapyAgrahamAtrakaM / sarvasyAjJAnamAtratvApatterdoSasya vAdinoH // 256 // saMkSepatonyathA kvAyaM niyamaH srvvaadinaam| hetvAbhAsottarAvittI kIrte: syAtAM yataH sthiteH // 257 // nanu cAjJAnamAtrepi nigraheti prsjyte| sarvajJAnasya sarveSAM sAdRzyAnAmasaMbhavAt // 258 // stymetdbhipretvstusiddhipryoginoH| jJAnasya yadi nAbhAvo doSonyasyArthasAdhane // 259 // satsvapakSaprasiddhyaiva nigrAhyonya iti sthitam / samAsatonavadyatvAdanyathA tdyogtH||260|| vAdI para pakSa meM bhI usI doSa ko uThAtA hai, vaha matAnujJA nAmaka nigrahasthAna ko prApta hotA hai| naiyAyikoM kA yaha kathana bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| kyoMki isa kathana se tAttvika (tattva ko jAnane vAle) puruSoM ne vAdI aura prativAdI donoM ke hI sadoSapanA svIkAra kiyA hai (sadoSatva sthApita kiyA hai)| kyoMki donoM ke hI samAna rUpa se svakIya pakSasiddhi ke nirodha kA nirNaya hai| arthAt donoM ke hI pakSa kI siddhi kA abhAva hai||253-254|| koI vidvAn matAnujJA nAmakanigraha sthAna meM "anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa saMbhava hai" - aisA kahatA hai arthAt matAnujJA nAmaka nigrahasthAna anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa hai - aisA kahatA hai| ataH matAnujJA nAmaka nigrahasthAna kA kathana ucita nahIM hai| parantu isake pratyuttara meM jainAcArya kahate haiM ki hetu kA kathana kiye binA anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa kahanA yuktisaMgata nahIM dIkhatA hai| arthAt jahA~ hetu kA kathana hI nahIM kiyA gayA hai, vahA~ hetvAbhAsa kA kathana karanA upayukta nahIM hai tathA use uttarApratipatti (apratibhA nAmaka nigraha sthAna) kahanA bhI unakA durAgraha mAtra hI hai| kyoMki vAdI aura prativAdiyoM ke pratijJAhAni, pratijJAntara, ananubhASaNa, apratibhA Adi sarva doSoM kI ajJAna mAtra se hI upapatti hai, arthAt sarva doSa ajJAna nigraha meM garbhita ho jAte haiN| ataH inakI pRthak gaNanA karanA vyartha hai| anyathA sampUrNa vAdiyoM ke yahA~ saMkSepa se yaha niyama karanA kaise banegA ki doSoM kI gaNanA karane se yaza kI apekSA hetvAbhAsa aura uttarApratipatti ye do doSa samajhane cAhie jisase ki uparyukta vyavasthA ho sake! arthAt sabhI vAdiyoM ke yahA~ saMkSepa se hetvAbhAsa aura uttarApratipatti ye do doSa hI kalpita kiye haiN| ataH matAnujJA nAmaka nigrahasthAna siddha nahIM hotA // 255-256-257 / / zaMkA - sabhI nigrahasthAnoM ko yadi ajJAnamAtra meM hI garbhita kiyA jAtA hai, to atiprasaMga doSa AtA hai kyoMki sabhI jIvoM ke sarvajJAnoM kI sadRzatAoM kI asaMbhavatA hai||258|| samAdhAna - jainAcArya kahate haiM ki yaha tumhArA kahanA satya hai; kintu abhipreta (icchita) sAdhya vastu kI siddhi karane ke lie prayukta jJAna kA yadi abhAva nahIM hai, to svakIya abhISTa artha ke sAdhana karane para hI dUsare sanmukha sthita vAdI vA prativAdI kA doSa kahA jAtA hai| tabhI vaha vAdI prativAdI samIcIna
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 250 taskaratvaM naratvAderiti heturydocyte| tadAnaikAMtikatvoktitvamapIti na vAryate // 261 // vAcoyuktiprakArANAM lokevaicitryadarzanAt / nopAlaMbhastathoktau syAdvipakSe hetudarzanam // 262 // doSahetumabhigamya svapakSe parapakSatAm / doSamudbhAvya pazcAttve svapakSaM sAdhayejayI // 263 // yadapyabhihitamanigrahasthAne nigrahasthAnAnuyogo niranuyojyAnuyogo nigrahasthAnamiti tadapyasadityAhayadA tvanigrahasthAne nigrhsthaanmucyte| tadA niranuyojyAnuyogAkhyo nigraho mataH // 264 // sopyapratibhayoktaH syaadevmuttrvikRteH| tatprakArapRthagbhAve kimetaiH svalpabhASitaiH // 265 // svapakSa ko siddha karake anya vaktA kA nigraha kara vijaya prApta karane vAlA kahA jAtA hai| saMkSepa se yaha siddhAnta nirdoSa vyavasthita hai ki pramANa dvArA svapakSa ko siddha karake hI vAdI yA prativAdI dUsare vaktA kA nigraha kara sakatA hai, anyathA (apane pakSa kI siddhi kiye binA) dUsare kA nigraha karane kA ayoga hai arthAt svapakSa kI siddhi binA dUsare kA nigraha nahIM kara sakatA // 259-260 // yaha taskara (cora) hai manuSyatva hone se, bhojana karane vAlA hone se, ityAdi hetuoM se taskarapanA siddha kiyA hai arthAt yaha cora hai manuSya hone se, ityAdi hetu jaba kahe jAte haiM, to yaha hetu anaikAntika hai| isameM anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa kI ukti kA nirAkaraNa nahIM kara skte| arthAt "yaha cora hai puruSa hone se, prasiddha DAkU ke samAna'' aisA kahane para tU bhI taskara hai, kyoMki tU bhI puruSa hai| isa prakAra anaikAntika doSoM ke utthAna kA pravAha rokA nahIM jA sktaa| kyoMki jagat meM vacanoM kI yuktiyoM ke prakAroM kA vicitrapanA dekhA jAtA hai| arthAt kahIM niSedhamukha se kArya ke vidhAna kI preraNA kI jAtI hai aura kahIM vidhi mukha se niSedha kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakaraNa meM vacanabhaMgI dvArA vipakSa meM hetu ko dikhalAte hue anaikAntika ko kahane para koI ulAhanA (doSa) nahIM hai| kyoMki svakIya pakSa meM hetu ke doSoM ko samajha kara punaH parapakSa doSoM ko uThAkara (pazcAt) yadi vAdI svakIya pakSa ko siddha kara detA hai to vaha vijaya ko prApta ho jAtA hai, anyathA vijaya kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| (aisA matAnujJA nAmaka nigrahasthAna meM yukta nahIM hai)||261-262-263|| ___ jo anigraha sthAna meM nigrahasthAna kA anuyoga karanA "niranuyojyAnuyoga' nAmaka nigrahasthAna kahA hai, vaha bhI "asat' asatya hai (samIcIna nahIM hai)| isako AcArya kahate haiM - jisa samaya anigraha sthAna meM nigrahasthAna kahA jAtA hai, usa samaya niranuyojyAnuyoga nAmaka nigraha sthAna mAnA gayA hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki naiyAyikoM kA nigrahasthAna bhI apratibhA ke rUpa se kahA gayA hai| uttara dene meM vikAra ho jAnA bhI eka prakAra kA nigrahasthAna hI hai| yadi una apratibhA yA ajJAna ke bheda prabheda rUpa prakAroM kA pRthak-pRthak nigrahasthAna kA sadbhAva mAnA jAyegA to caubIsa rUpa alpa saMkhyA se kyA ho sakatA hai? apitu asaMkhyAta nigrahasthAna mAnane pdd'eNge||264-265||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika *251 yathoktaM kAryavyAsaMgAtkathAvicchedo vikSepaH yatra karttavyaM vyAsajyakathAM vicchinatti pratisthAya kalAmekAM kSaNoti pazcAtkathayiSyAmIti sa vikSepo nAma nigrahasthAnaM tathA tenAjJAnasyAviSkaraNAditi tadapi na sadityAha sabhAM prAptasya tasya syAtkAryavyAsaMgataH kthaa| vicchedastasya nirdiSTo vikSepo nAma nigrhH||266|| sopi nApratibhAtosti bhinnaH kazcana pUrvavat / tadevaM bhedataH sUtraM nAkSapAdasya kIrtikRt // 267 // yadapyuktaM, siddhAMtamabhyupetyAniyamAtkathAprasaMgopasiddhAntaH pratijJAtArthavyatirekeNAbhyupetArthaparityAgAnnigrahasthAnamiti, tadapi vicArayati svayaM niyatasiddhAMto niyamena vinA ydaa| kathA prasaMjayettasyApasiddhAMtastathoditaH // 268 // sopyayuktaH svapakSasyAsAdhanenena tttvtH| asAdhanAMgavacanAddoSodbhAvanamAtravat // 269 // tathA naiyAyika na jo kahA thA ki kArya vyAsaMga se vAda kathA kA viccheda kara denA vikSepa nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai| kisI kAraNavaza mana ke vikSipta ho jAne se vAdI yadi prakaraNabhUta vAda kathA kA jahA~ viccheda kara detA hai, vA apane sAdhane yogya kArya ko siddha karanA azakya samajha kara samaya bitAne ke lie asatya kartavya kA prakaraNa uThAkara usameM manoyoga ko lagAtA hai, vAda kathA meM vighna DAlatA hai, kucha kAla ke antara isa vAda ko kahU~gA-isa prakAra yaha vikSepa nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai| athavA vaktA ke koI roga Adi ho jAne para vikSepa nAmaka nigrahasthAna nahIM hotA hai| isalie ajJAna ke kAraNa hetu ke dvArA vAda kathA kA viccheda karanA doSa hai| ata: yaha vikSepa nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai| isa prakAra naiyAyika ke kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki naiyAyika ke dvArA svIkRta vikSepa nAmaka nigrahasthAna samIcIna nahIM hai| usI kA AcArya spaSTa rUpa se kathana karate haiM - zAstrArtha karane ke lie sabhA ko prApta usa vAdI kA kArya meM vyAkSepa ho jAne se jo kathA kA viccheda kara diyA jAtA hai, vaha vAdI kA vikSepa nAmaka nigrahasthAna kahA gayA hai| parantu jainAcArya kahate haiM ki yaha vikSepa nAmaka nigraMhasthAna bhI apratibhA nAmaka nigrahasthAna se pRthak nahIM hai| jaise matAnujJA niranuyojyAnuyoga Adi pUrva kathita nigrahasthAna apratibhA, ajJAna nigrahasthAna se bhinna nahIM haiN| isalie isa prakAra bhinna-bhinna rUpa se nigrahasthAnoM ke lakSaNa sUtra banAnA akSapAda ke lie kIrtikara nahIM haiM? // 266-267 // svakIya siddhAnta ko svIkAra karake pratijJAtArtha ke viparyaya rUpa aniyama se kathA kA prasaMga uThAnA apasiddhAnta nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai| aisA gautama sUtra meM likhA hai tathA pratijJAtArtha ke vyatireka se svIkRta artha kA parityAga ho jAne se yaha nigraha sthAna mAnA gayA hai| arthAt svIkRta pratijJA ke viruddha artha kI siddhi karanA apasiddhAnta nAmaka nigraha sthAna hai| isI nigraha sthAna kA AcArya vicAra karate haiM - ____vAdI ke dvArA svayaM niyata siddhAnta ke niyama parivartana binA anya vAda kA kathana karanA apasiddhAnta nAmaka nigrahasthAna kahA gayA hai| parantu vaha apasiddhAnta nAmaka nigrahasthAna yuktipUrNa nahIM hai| tattvadRSTi se dekhA jAe to svapakSa sAdhana ke binA asAdhana aMga vacana se doSoM kA udbhAvana mAtra hai| arthAt svapakSa kI siddhi kiye binA kevala doSoM kA udbhAvana karane se vijaya kI prApti nahIM ho sktii||268269||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 252 tatrAbhyupetya zabdAdInnityAneva punaH svayam / tAnanityAn bruvANasya pUrvasiddhAMtabAdhanam // 27 // tathaiva zUnyamAsthAya tasya sNvidmaatrtH| pUrvasyottarato bAdhA siddhAMtasyAnyathA kva tt||271|| pradhAnaM caivamAsRtya tadvikAraprarUpaNam / tAdRgevAnyathA hetustatra na syAtsamanvayaH // 27 // brahmAtmAdvaitamapyevamupetyAgamavarNanaM / kurvannAmnAyanirdiSTaM bAdhyonyopyanayA dizA // 273 // svayaM pravartamAnAzca srvthaikaaNtvaadinH| anekAMtAvinAbhUtavyavahAreSu tAdRzAH // 274 // yadapyavAdi, hetvAbhAsAzca yathoktA iti tatrApyAha usa apa siddhAnta meM nimnalikhita udAharaNa diye jA sakate haiM ki mImAMsaka sarvaprathama zabda AtmA Adi ko nitya svIkAra karatA hai| punaH zAstrArtha karate samaya zabda Adi ko anitya mAna letA hai, isa prakAra nitya svIkAra karake punaH anitya kahane vAle mImAMsaka ke pUrva siddhAnta (zabda nitya hai isa pratijJA) meM bAdhA upasthita ho jAtI hai| usI prakAra zUnyavAda kI pratijJApUrvaka AsthA (zraddhA) karake punaH usa zUnyavAda ke saMvedana kA kathana karane se bhI pUrva siddhAnta kI uttara kAlavI kathana se bAdhA upasthita ho jAtI hai| ata: yaha apasiddhAnta hai| anyathA vaha viruddha kathana kaise ho sakatA thA? arthAt zUnya tattva kA saMvedana (jJAna) mAnane para jJAna padArtha vastubhUta siddha ho jAtA hai| ataH jagat zUnya hai| yaha siddhAnta siddha kaise ho sakatA hai? // 270-271 // isI prakAra, eka pradhAna (prakRti) tattva kA Azraya lekara usa pradhAna ke vikAroM (mahAn, ahaMkAra; tanmAtrAyeM, indriyA~, pA~ca bhUta) kA kathana karanA bhI usI prakAra apasiddhAnta nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai| arthAtpradhAna ko eka svIkAra karake punaH bhedakathana karanA siddhAnta viruddha (apasiddhAnta) hotA hai| anyathA vaha vahA~ samanvaya rUpa hetu nahIM raha sakatA hai||272|| isI prakAra paramabrahma AtmA ko advaita svIkAra karake punaH anAdikAlIna guruparamparA se prApta AmnAya se kathita veda Agama kI pramANatA kA varNana karane vAlA brahmAdvaitavAdI bAdhita ho jAtA hai| arthAt brahmAdvaitavAda ko mAnakara usase bhinna Agama ko svIkAra karane se brahmAdvaita kA vighAta ho jAtA hai aura vAdI svakIya siddhAnta se cyuta ho jAtA hai| isI saMketa se anya bhI apasiddhAnta nAmakanigraha sthAna samajhanA cAhie arthAt jJAnAdvaita, citrAdvaita yA jIva tattva ko svIkAra kara puna: dvaitavAda yA jar3avAda kA nirUpaNa karane laga jAnA apasiddhAnta nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai| isa prakAra anya bhI apasiddhAnta ke dRSTAnta samajhanA caahie| anekAnta ke sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha rakhane vAle vyavahAroM meM svayaM pravatti karane vAle sarvathA ekAntavAdI puruSa bhI vaise hI eka prakAra se apasiddhAntavAdI haiN| arthAt sarvathA kSaNikavAda, kUTastha nityavAda, guNa-guNI meM sarvathA bheda yA abheda rUpa svIkAra karane para arthakriyA nahIM hotI hai| ata: yaha kSaNikavAda Adi siddhAnta apasiddhAnta haiM / / 273-274 / / jo pUrva meM hetvAbhAsa kahA thA vahI nigrahasthAna hai| usI ko AcArya kahate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 253 hetvAbhAsAzca yogoktA: paMca puurvmudaahtaaH| saptadhAnyaiH samAkhyAtA nigrahAdhikatAM gtaiH||275 // pramANa Adi solaha padArthoM ke sAmAnya rUpa se lakSaNa karate samaya naiyAyikoM ne pA~ca prakAra kA hetvAbhAsa kahA thA ma kahA thA tathA usake udAharaNa bhI diye the nigrahasthAnoM kI adhikatA ko prApta anya vidvAnoM ne hetvAbhAsoM kI sAta prakAra kI saMkhyA mAnI hai // 275 / / ___bhAvArtha - anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa-jo hetu pakSa, sapakSa aura vipakSa tInoM meM jAtA hai vaha anaikAntika (vyabhicArI) hetvAbhAsa hai| isake sAdhAraNa, asAdhAraNa aura anupasaMhArI ye tIna bheda haiN| jo hetu sapakSa aura vipakSa ina donoM meM rahatA hai vaha sAdhAraNa anaikAntika hai| jaise zabda anitya hai prameya hone se, isameM yaha prameyatva hetu anitya (pakSa) nitya (vipakSa) donoM meM rahatA hai| jo hetu sapakSa, vipakSa donoM meM hI nahIM rahatA hai, vaha hetu asAdhAraNa hetvAbhAsa hai| jaise zabda anitya hai zabdatva hone se| yaha zabdatvahetu anitya ghaTAdi sapakSa meM aura nitya AtmAdi vipakSa donoM meM hI nahIM rahatA hai| ata: asAdhAraNa anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa hai| saMdigdha aura nizcita ke bheda se anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa ke do bheda haiN| jo hetu kevala anvayI hokara pakSa meM rahatA hai vaha anupasaMhArI hetvAbhAsa hai| jaise sampUrNa padArtha zabdoM ke dvArA kathana karane yogya haiM prameya hone se| isameM prameya hetu vyatireka nahIM hai-sarva prameya pakSa koTi meM hai| ata: yaha hetu anupasaMhArI hetvAbhAsa hai| .: pakSa se vA sAdhya se viruddha padArtha ke sAtha avinAbhAva rakhane vAlA viruddha hetvAbhAsa hai| jaise yaha sthAna agnivAlA hai, kyoMki sarovara hai| agnimAna siddha karane ke lie diyA gayA sarovara hetu viruddha hai| tIsarA hetvAbhAsa prakaraNasama hai jisakA dUsarA nAma siddha sAdhana hetvAbhAsa hai, jisase siddha kiyA huA padArtha siddha kiyA jAtA hai; jaise agni uSNa hai uSNa hone se| isameM uSNa hetu siddha sAdhana hone se hetvAbhAsa hai| kArya (sAdhya) ko siddha nahIM karane vAlA hetu asiddha hetvAbhAsa hai| sAdhyasama, svarUpAsiddha, AzrayAsiddha, vyAptvasiddha ityAdi asiddha ke aneka prakAra haiN| pA~cavA~ hetvAbhAsa bAdhita viSaya hai, jisakA dUsarA nAma kAlAtyayApadiSTa hai| pratyakSa bAdhita, anumAna bAdhita, Agama bAdhita, svavacana bAdhita Adi aneka bheda haiN| .. agni zItala hotI hai, kyoMki dravya hai jo-jo dravya hotA hai vaha zItala hotA hai, jaise paanii| . isameM agni ko zItala siddha karane ke lie diyA gayA dravyatva hetu pratyakSa bAdhita hai, kyoMki agni kA zItalapanA pratyakSa bAdhita hai| puNya duHkha dene vAlA hai kyoMki karma hai| jo-jo karma hotA hai, vaha-vaha duHkha dene vAlA hai, jaise pApa krm| parantu puNya duHkha dene vAlA hai| yaha kathana AgamabAdhita hai| isa prakAra pA~ca prakAra ke hetvAbhAsa samajhane caahie| * nigrahasthAnoM ke Adhikya ko prApta anya vidvAnoM ne sAta prakAra ke bhI hetvAbhAsa mAne haiN||275||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 254 hetvAbhAsatrayaM tepi samarthaM naativrtituN| anyathAnupapannatvavaikalyaM tacca naikakam // 276 // yathaikalakSaNo hetuH samarthaH sAdhyasAdhane / tathA tadvikalAzakto hetvAbhAsonumanyatAm // 277 // yo hyasiddhatayA sAdhyaM vyabhicAritayApi vaa| viruddhatvena vA hetuH sAdhayenna sa tannibhaH // 278 // pA~ca prakAra ke yA sAta prakAra ke hetvAbhAsoM ko mAnane vAle naiyAyika bhI bauddhoM ke dvArA kathita tIna hetvAbhAsoM kA ullaMghana karane ke lie samartha nahIM haiM aura bauddhoM ke dvArA kathita tIna hetvAbhAsoM kA kathana bhI anyathAnupapannatva se vikala (rahita) nahIM ho sakatA // 276 / / bhAvArtha - naiyAyika yA vaizeSika siddhAnta meM jo sAta yA pA~ca hetvAbhAsa mAne haiM, ve sarva bauddhoM ke dvArA svIkRta asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntika ina tIna hetvAbhAsa meM garbhita ho jAte haiN| kyoMki pakSavRttitvaguNa asiddha hetvAbhAsa kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie hai| sapakSasattva guNa viruddha hetvAbhAsa kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie hai aura vipakSa vyAvRtti anekAnta ko dUra karane ke lie hai| bauddha ke dvArA svIkRta tIna hetvAbhAsa aura naiyAyikoM ke pA~ca yA sAta hetvAbhAsa bhI eka avinAbhAva vikalatA nAmaka hetvAbhAsa meM garbhita ho jAte haiN| kyoMki sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha rakhane vAlA eka hetu lakSaNa hI kArya karane meM samartha hai| avinAbhAva sambandha rahita pA~ca aMga yA hIna aMga vAlA hetu kArya karane meM samartha nahIM hai| hetvAbhAsoM kI saMkhyA bhI kevala eka anyathAnupapatti kI vikalatA dI hai| ata: jaina siddhAntAnusAra hetvAbhAsa kA anyathAnupapatti rahitapanA eka hI bheda mAnanA caahie| ___ jisa prakAra eka avinAbhAva lakSaNa se yukta hetu sAdhya ko sAdhane meM samartha hai, usI prakAra akele avinAbhAva se vikala hetu sAdhya ko siddha karane meM samartha nahIM hai| isalie anyathAnupapatti vikalatA nAmaka eka hI hetvAbhAsa svIkAra karanA caahie| arthAt yaha eka hI hetvAbhAsa anumiti yA usake kAraNa vyAptijJAna, parAmarza Adi kA virodha karatA huA sAdhyasiddhi meM pratibandhaka ho jAtA hai| jo bhI hetu asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntika hone se sAdhya ko siddha nahIM karatA hai, vaha avinAbhAva vikala (anyathAnupapatti rahita) hone se hetvAbhAsa hai| ataH eka avinAbhAva vikalatA hI hetvAbhAsa hai||277-278|| asiddha, viruddha, vyabhicArI hetu yadi sAdhya avinAbhAvI niyama lakSaNa se yukta hai, taba to hetvAbhAsa hone yogya nahIM hai| parantu asiddha Adi hetvAbhAsoM ke isa prakAra avinAbhAva sambandha kA niyama nahIM hai| kyoMki una asiddha Adi hetvAbhAsoM kA sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha kA yoga nahIM hai arthAt jo avinAbhAva vikala hai, vaha sad hetu nahIM hai aura jo avinAbhAva sahita hai, vaha asiddha Adi rUpa hetvAbhAsa nahIM hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 255 asiddhAdayopi hetavo yadi sAdhyAvinAbhAvaniyamalakSaNayuktAstadA na hetvAbhAsA bhvitumrhti| na caivaM, teSAM tdyogaat| na hyasiddhaH sAdhyAvinAbhAvaniyatastasya svymsttvaat| nApyanaikAMtiko vipakSepi bhAvAt / na ca viruddho vipakSa eva bhAvAdityasiddhAdiprakAreNApyanyathAnupapannatvavaikalyameva hetoH samarthyate / tatastasya hetvAbhAsatvamiti saMkSepAdeka eva hetvAbhAsaH pratIyate anyathAnupapannatvaniyamakSaNaikahetuvat / atastadvacanaM vAdino nigrahasthAna parasya pakSasiddhAviti pratipattavyaM / tathA ca saMkSepataH 'svapakSasiddhirekasya nigrahonyasya vAdina' iti vyvtisstthte| na punarvipratipattyapratipattI tadbhAvepi kasyacitsvapakSasiddhAbhAve parasya parAjayAnupapatterasAdhanAMgavacanAdoSodbhAvanamAtravat chlvdvaa|| kiM punazchalamityAha kyoMki jo asiddha hetvAbhAsa ha vaha sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva rakhanA rUpa niyama se yukta nahIM hai kyoMki vaha svayaM pakSa meM vidyamAna nahIM hai| vipakSa meM sadbhAva hone se anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa bhI sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha rakhane vAlA nahIM hai| viruddha hetvAbhAsa bhI sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha rakhane vAlA nahIM hai| kyoMki viruddha hetvAbhAsa kA vipakSa meM sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai| isalie asiddha Adi hetvAbhAsoM ke anyathAnupapatti se vikalatA hI hetu kA samarthana kiyA hai| ataH siddha hotA hai ki akelI anyathAnupapatti ke hI hetvAbhAsatva hai| isa prakAra, saMkSepa se, eka hI hetvAbhAsa pratIta hotA hai| jaise anyathAnupapatti rUpa niyama kA dhAraka samIcIna hetu eka hI prakAra kA hai| ataH eka hI prakAra ke hetvAbhAsa kA kathana karane se vAdI kA nigraha sthAna ho jAtA hai aura dUsare prativAdI ke dvArA svapakSa kI siddhi ho jAne se vAdI kA nigraha (parAjaya) ho jAtA hai, aisA samajhanA caahie| - isa prakAra ke siddhAnta kA nirNaya ho jAne para, saMkSepa se eka ke svapakSa kI siddhi ho jAne para dUsare vAdI yA prativAdI kA nigraha (parAjaya) ho jAtA hai, yaha vyavasthA hai| naiyAyikoM ke dvArA svIkRta sAmAnya lakSaNa vipratipatti aura avipratipatti, nigrahasthAna nahIM haiM kyoMki una viparIta pratipatti aura apratipatti ke hone para bhI vAdI vA prativAdI meM kisI eka ke svapakSa kI siddhi ke abhAva meM dUsare kI parAjaya honA saMbhava nahIM hai| . jaise kevala asAdhanAMga vacana aura adoSodbhAvana se chala se vijaya prApta nahIM ho sakatI, parAjaya nahIM ho sktii| isalie vijaya prApta karane ke lie svapakSa kI siddhi karanA paramAvazyaka hai| ' chala kise kahate haiM? aisI jijJAsA hone para AcArya kahate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 256 yorthAropopapattyA syAdvighAto vacanasya tt| chalaM sAmAnyataH zakyaM nodAhartuM kathaMcana // 279 // vibhAgenoditasyAsyodAhRti: sa tridhA mtH| vAksAmAnyopacAreSu chalAnAmupavarNanAt // 28 // arthasyAropo vikalpaH kalpanetyarthaH tasyopapattiH ghaTanA tayA yo vacanasya vizeSeNAbhihitasya vighAtaH pratipAdakAdabhipretAdarthAt pracyAvanaM tacchalamiti lakSaNIyaM, 'vacanavighAtorthavikalpopapattyA chalaM' iti vacanAt / tacca sAmAnyato lakSaNe kathamapi na zakyamudAhartuM vibhAgenoktasya tacchalasyodAharaNAni zakyate darzayituM / sa ca vibhAgastridhA mato'kSapAdasya tu trividhamiti vcnaat| vAksAmAnyopacAreSu chalAnAM tryaannaamevopvrnnnaat| vAkchalaM, sAmAnyachalaM, upacArachalaM ceti // tatra kiM vAkchalamityAhatatrAvizeSadiSTerthe vkturaakuuttonythaa| kalpanArthAMtarasyeSTaM vAkchalaM chalavAdibhiH // 281 // teSAmavizeSeNa diSTe abhihiterthe vakturAkUtAdabhiprAyAdanyathA svAbhiprAyeNArthAMtarasya kalpanamAropaNaM vAkchalamiSTaM, teSAmavizeSAbhihitethe vakturabhiprAyAdarthAMtarakalpanA vAkchalaM iti vacanAt // ___ vAdI ke dvArA svIkRta artha kA jo viruddha kalpa hai arthAt arthAntara kI kalpanA hai, usakI utpatti karake vAdI dvArA kathita artha kA prativAdI ke dvArA jo vighAta hai, vaha usa prativAdI kA chala hai| sAmAnya rUpa se usa chala kA udAharaNa kaise bhI nahIM bana sakatA hai| parantu vibhAga karake kathita isa chala kA udAharaNa saMbhava ho sakatA hai| una chaloM kA vibhAga tIna prakAra kA kahA gayA hai- vAk chala, sAmAnya chala aura upacAra chala arthAt chala tIna prakAra kA kahA gayA hai||279-280|| ____ vAdI ke abhISTa artha kA Aropa vikalpa hai| isakA artha hai arthAntara kI kalpanA krnaa| usa Aropa kI utpatti (ghaTanA) ke dvArA vAdI ke vizeSaNa (abhiprAya pUrvaka) se kathita vacana kA vighAta kara denA, pratipAdaka abhipreta artha se pracyuta karA denA chala kA lakSaNa hai| "artha ke vikalpa kI utpatti se vacana vighAta karanA chala hai" aisA gautama sUtra meM kahA hai| sAmAnyataH chala kA udAharaNa nahIM de sakate haiM parantu vibhAga karake kaha diye gaye usa chala ke udAharaNa dikhalAye jA sakate haiN| aura vaha vibhAga to akSapAda gautama ke yahA~ tIna prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra gautama sUtra meM kahA gayA hai| "tat trividhaM vAkchalaM sAmAnyachalamupacArachalaM ca" isa kathana se vAk, sAmAnya, upacAra-ina bhedoM meM tIna prakAra ke chaloM kA hI varNana kiyA gayA hai| vAkchala, sAmAnya chala aura upacAra chala isa prakAra chala ke tIna vibhAga una tIna chaloM meM pahilA vAkchala kyA hai? isakA lakSaNa kahate haiM - "avizeSAbhihite'rthe vakturabhiprAyAdarthAntarakalpanA vAkchalaM" - avizeSa rUpa se vaktA dvArA kahe gaye artha meM vaktA ke abhiprAya se dUsare arthAntara kI kalpanA karanA aura kalpanA kara usa dUsare artha kA asambhava dikhAkara niSedha karanA chalavAdI naiyAyikoM ne chala kA lakSaNa sthita kiyA hai| jinakA svabhAva chalapUrvaka kathana karane kA ho gayA hai, unako isa prakAra chala kA lakSaNa karanA zobhita hotA hai||281|| sAmAnya rUpa se abhihita kiye gaye artha meM vaktA ke abhiprAya se apane abhiprAya se dUsare prakAra arthAntara kI kalpanA karanA, arthAt vaktA ke Upara viparIta Aropa dharanA una naiyAyikoM ke yahA~ vAkchala abhISTa kiyA gayA hai| unake yahA~ gautama sUtra meM isa prakAra kahA gayA hai ki vizeSa rUpoM ko uThAkara AkSepoM
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 257 asyaudAharaNamupadarzayatiADhyo vai devadattoyaM vartate navakaMbalaH / ityukte pratyavasthAnaM kutosya nvkNblaaH||282|| yasmAdADhyatvasaMsiddhirbhavediti yadA prH| pratibrUyAttadA vAci chalaM tenopapAditam // 283 // navakaMbalazabde hi vRttyA prokte vishesstH| navo'sya kaMbalo jIrNo naivetyAkUtamAMjasam / 284 / vaktaH saMbhAvyate tasmAdanyasyArthasya klpnaa| navAsya kaMbalA nASTAvityasyAsaMbhavAtmanaH 2855 prtyvsthaaturnyaayvaaditaamaanyedhuvN| saMtastattvaparIkSAyAM kathaM syuzchalavAdinaH // 286 // kathaM punaraniyamavizeSAbhihitorthaH vakturabhiprAyAdarthAMtarakalpanA vAkchalAkhyA pratyavasthAturanyAyavAditAmAnayediti cet, chlsyaanyaayruuptvaat| tathAhi-tasya pratyavasthA sAmAnyazabdasyAnekArthatve anyatarAbhidhAnakalpanAyA vizeSavacanAddarzanIyametat syAt vizeSAjjAnImo'yamarthastvayA vivakSito navAsya kaMbalA iti, na punarnavosya kaMbala iti / sa ca vizeSo nAsti tsmaanmithyaabhiyogmaatrmetditi| prasiddhazca ke nirAkaraNa kI apekSA nahIM karake sAmAnyarUpa se vacana vyavahAra meM prasiddha ho rahe artha ke vAdI dvArA kaha cukane para yadi prativAdI vaktA vAdI ke abhiprAya se anya arthoM kI kalpanA kara pratyavasthAna detA hai, to yaha prativAdI kA vAk chala hai| ataH vAdI se prativAdI kA parAjaya ho jAtA hai| kyoMki loka meM sAmAnyarUpa se prayoga kiye gaye zabda apane abhISTa vizeSa arthoM ko kaha dete haiN| : zrI vidyAnanda AcArya isa vAk chala ke udAharaNa ko vArttika dvArA dikhalAte haiM - yaha devadatta avazya hI dhanavAna hai, kyoMki navakaMbalavAlA (navIna kambala vAlA) hai| isa prakAra vAdI dvArA kathana kara cukane para prativAdI dvArA pratyavasthAna uThAyA jAtA hai ki isake pAsa nau saMkhyA vAle kaMbala kahA~ haiM? jisase ki hetu ke pakSa meM dhanIpana kI siddhi ho jaatii| isa prakAra dUsarA prativAdI jaba pratyuttara kahegA, taba usa prativAdI ke vacanoM meM chala kI upapatti hogii| ata: chala doSa se grasita huA prativAdI vicArazIloM kI dRSTi meM gira jAtA hai / / 282-283 // - yahA~ isa anumAna meM nava aura kaMbala zabda kA karmadhAraya samAsa karake vizeSa rUpa se "navakaMbala" zabda kahA gayA hai ki isake pAsa navIna kaMbala rahatA hai| phaTA, purAnA kambala kabhI dekhane meM nahIM AtA hai| isa prakAra kA hI vaktA kA abhiprAya tAttvika rUpa se saMbhava hai| kintu prativAdI kaSAyavaza usa abhipreta artha se anya artha kI kalpanA kara doSa dene ke lie baiTha jAtA hai ki nava kaMbala zabda dvArA isake nau saMkhyA vAle kaMbala hone cAhie, ATha bhI nhiiN| isa prakAra asaMbhava svarUpa artha kI kalpanA kara pratyavasthAna uThA rahe prativAdI para 'anyAyapUrvaka bolatA hai to use nizcaya se anyAyavAdI kahanA cAhie arthAt usa prativAdI ko anyAyavAdI mAnA jAnA caahie| tattvoM kI parIkSA karane meM sajjana puruSa adhikAraprApta haiN| chalapUrvaka kahane vAle tattvoM kI parIkSA kaise kara sakeMge? athavA jo sajjana haiM ve svabhAva se chalapUrvaka vAda karane vAle kaise ho sakate haiM? arthAt kabhI nahIM // 284-285-286 // .. koI prazna karatA hai ki phira vizeSa niyama kiye binA hI vaktA ke sAmAnyarUpa se kaha diye gaye artha kI vaktA ke abhiprAya se arthAntara kI kalpanA karanA vAkchala nAma ko dhAratA huA pratyavasthAna
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 258 loke zabdArthasaMbaMdhobhidhAnAbhidheyaniyamaniyogosyAbhidhAnasyAyamarthobhidheya iti samAnArtha: sAmAnyazabdasya, viziSTortho vishessshbdsy| prayuktapUrvAzcAmI zabdA: prayujyante'rtheSu sAmarthyAnna prayuktapUrvAH prayogazcArthaH arthasampratyayAd vyavahAra iti tatraivamarthavatyarthazabdaprayoge sAmarthyAtsAmAnyazabdasya prayoganiyamaH / ajAmAnaya grAma, sarpirAhara, brAhmaNaM bhojayeti sAmAnyazabdA: saMtorthAvayaveSu prayujyaMte saamrthyaat| yatrArthe kriyAcodanA saMbhavati tatra vartate, na cArthasAmAnye ajAdau kriyAcodanA saMbhavati / tatojAdivizeSANAmevAnayanAdayaH kriyA: pratIyate na punsttsaamaanysyaasNbhvaat| evamayaM sAmAnyazabdo navakaMbala iti yorthaH saMbhavati nava: kaMbalosyeti tatra vartate, yastu na saMbhavati navAsya kaMbalA iti tatra na vartate pratyakSAdivirodhAt / soyamanupapadyamAnArthakalpanayA uThAne vAle prativAdI ko anyAyapUrvaka kahane vAlA kaise kaha sakate haiM? isakA AcArya uttara dete haiM ki chala jaba anyAyasvarUpa hai to chalaprayoktA manuSya anyAyavAdI avazya hai| isa bAta ko aura bhI spaSTa kara kaha dete haiM ki isa prativAdI kA dUSaNa uThAnA anyAyarUpa hai| sAmAnya vAcaka zabdoM ke jaba aneka artha prasiddha haiM to unameM kisI bhI eka artha ke kathana kI kalpanA ke vizeSa kathana se yaha usa vAdI kA pratyavasthAna dikhalAyA gayA honA caahie| vizeSa rUpa se hama yaha jAna pAye haiM ki isake pAsa saMkhyA meM nau kambala haiN| yaha artha tuma vAdI dvArA vivakSA prApta hai| kintu isakA kaMbala navIna hai, yaha artha vivakSita nahIM hai aura vaha nau saMkhyA vAlA vizeSa artha yahA~ isa kathana meM ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| ata: yaha jhUThA abhiyoga Aropa hai| isa prakAra viparIta samarthana karanA chalavAdI ko hI sambhava hai| jainAcArya nyAyabhASya kA anuvAda kara rahe haiM ki loka meM zabda aura artha kA sambandha to abhidhAna aura abhidheya ke niyama kA niyoga karanA hai| isa zabda kA yaha artha abhidhAna karane yogya hai| isa prakAra sAmAnya zabda kA artha sAmAnya hai aura vizeSa zabda kA artha viziSTa hai| una zabdoM kA pUrvakAla meM bhI lokavyavahArArtha prayoga kara cuke haiN| ve hI zabda arthapratipAdana meM samartha hone ke kAraNa isa samaya prayoga kiye jAte haiN| ve zabda pahile vacanavyavahAroM meM prayoga nahIM kiye gaye haiN| aisA nahIM smjhnaa| kyoMki zabdoM ke prayoga kA vyavahAra to vAcya artha kA jJAna ho jAne se ho jAtA hai| artha kA jJAna karAne ke lie zabdaprayoga hai aura artha kA samyagjJAna lokavyavahAra hai| isa prakAra arthavAna zabda ke hone para artha meM zabda kA prayoga karanA niyata hai| tuma bakarI ko gA~va le jAo, ghRta ko lAo, brAhmaNa ko bhojana karAo, ityAdika zabda sAmAnya ke vAcaka hote hue bhI sAmarthya dvArA arthavizeSoM meM prayukta kiye jAte haiN| jisa vizeSa artha meM arthakriyA kI preraNA honA sambhava hai, usI artha meM vAcaka pravRtti hotI hai| artha sAmAnya bakarI, brAhmaNa Adi sAmAnyoM meM kisI bhI kriyA kI preraNA sambhavatI nahIM hai| vizeSoM se rahita bakarI sAmAnya yA brAhmaNa sAmAnya kucha padArtha nahIM hai| bakarI, brAhmaNa, ghor3A Adi vizeSa padArthoM kI hI lAnA, le jAnA, bhojana karAnA Adi kriyAyeM pratIta hotI haiN| kintu phira unake vizeSarahita kevala sAmAnya ke kisI bhI arthakriyA ke ho jAne kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai aura na koI sAmAnya kA lakSya kara usameM arthakriyA karane kA upadeza hI detA hai| isI prakAra yaha "navakaMbala" zabda sAmAnya zabda hai| nava sakhyA, navasaMkhyAvAn aura navIna ina donoM vizeSoM meM navapanA
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 259 paravAkyopAlaMbhatvena kalpyate tattvaparIkSAyAM satAM chalena pratyavasthAnAyogAt / tadidaM chalavacanaM parasya parAjaya eveti manyamAnaM nyAyabhASyakAraM pratyAha etenApi nigRhyeta jigISuryadi dhIdhanaiH / patravAkyamanekArthaM vyAcakSANo nigRhyatAm // 287 // tatra svayamabhipretamarthaM sthApayituM nyaiH| yo'sAmoparaiH zaktaiH svaabhipretaarthsaadhne||288|| yorthasaMbhAvayannarthaH prmaannairuppdyte| vAkye sa eva yuktostu nAparotiprasaMgataH // 289 / / yatra pakSe vivAdena pravRttirvAdinorabhUt / tatsiddhyaivAsya dhikkAronyasya patre sthitena cet // 290 // kvaivaM parAjayaH siddhyecchalamAtreNa te mte| saMdhAhAnyAdidoSaizca dAtrA''dAtroH sa patrakam // 291 // sAmAnya anvita hai| isa prakAra nava kA jo artha yahA~ pakSa meM sambhava hai ki isakA duzAlA navIna hai, usa vizeSa artha meM yaha nava zabda upanaya hai aura jo artha yahA~ sambhava nahIM hai ki isake pAsa saMkhyA meM nau kambala vidyamAna haiM; isa prakAra usa artha meM yaha nava zabda nahIM rahatA hai, kyoMki isameM pratyakSa anumAna Adi se virodha AtA hai| ata: yaha artha kI kalpanA karake dUsaroM ke vAkyoM ke Upara ulAhanA denA, usa chalavAdI ne kalpita kiyA hai| vaha sambhava nahIM hai aura vaha iSTasiddhi karAne meM samartha bhI nahIM hai| kyoMki tattvoM kI parIkSA karane meM sajjana puruSoM ke dvArA chala, kapaTa, karake parapakSa niSedha karanA samucita nahIM hai| isalie yaha chalapUrvaka kathanaM karanA dUsare prativAdI kI parAjaya hI hai| isa prakAra mAnane vAle ke prati AcArya samAdhAna vacana kahate haiM - .. yadi jItane kI icchA rakhane vAlA vidvAn kevala aneka arthoM kA pratipAdana karane se hI buddhirUpa dhana ko dhArane vAloM ke dvArA nigrahasthAna ko prApta ho jAyegA, taba to aneka artha vAle patravAkya kA vyAkhyAna karane vAlA prakANDa vidvAn bhI nigraha ko prApta ho jAyegA kintu isa prakAra kabhI hotA nahIM hai| atyanta gUr3ha arthavAle kaThina-kaThina vAkyoM ko likhakara jahA~ patroM dvArA likhita zAstrArtha hotA hai, vahA~ bhI udbhaTa vidvAn ke Upara chala doSa uThAyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki patra meM aneka artha vAle gUr3ha padoM kA vinyAsa hai| kintu aisA kabhI hotA nahIM, vahA~ svayaM abhISTa artha ko hetu svarUpa nayoM ke dvArA sthApana karane ke lie jo vAdI sAmarthya yukta nahIM hai, vaha apane abhipreta artha ko sAdhane meM samartha dUsare vidvAnoM ke dvArA parAjita kara diyA jAtA hai| artha kI sambhAvanA se jo artha pramANoM dvArA siddha ho jAtA hai, vahI artha vAkya meM lagAnA yukta hotA hai| dUsarA asaMbhavita artha kalpita kara nahIM lagAnA caahie| kyoMki aisA karane para doSa AtA hai arthAt gau zabda kA prAya: vyavahAra hotA hai| kyoMki usake vANI, dizA, pRthivI Adi aneka artha mAne gaye haiN| ataH saMbhavita artha hI pakar3anA cAhie / jaise nava zabda ke nau aura nayA ye donoM artha saMbhava haiN| vahA~ prativAdI kA chala batAnA nyAyamArga nahIM hai||287-289 // naiyAyika kahate haiM ki vAdI aura prativAdI kI patra meM sthita vivAda dvArA jisa pakSa meM pravRtti huI hai, usa pakSa kI siddhi kara dene se hI isakI jaya aura dUsare kI parAjaya saMbhava hai, anyathA nhiiN| isa prakAra kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki isa prakAra mAnane para tumhAre mata meM kevala chala se hI prativAdI kI parAjaya kahA~ kaise siddha ho sakatI hai? tathA pratijJAhAni, pratijJAntara Adi doSoM ke dvArA bhI parAjaya kahA~ huI? jaba
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 260 yatra pakSe vAdiprativAdinorvipratipattyA pravRttistatsiddhirevaikasya jayaH parAjayonyasya, na punaH patravAkyArthAnavasthApanamiti bruvANasya kathaM chalamAtreNa pratijJAhAnyAdidoSaizca sa parAjaya: syAt patraM dAturAdAtuzceti ciMtyatAM / na hi patravAkyavidarthe tasya vRttistatsiddhizca patraM dAturjaya AdAtuH parAjayastannirAkaraNaM vA tadA dAturjayo'dAtuH parAjaya iti ca dvitIyArthepi tasya vRttisaMbhavAt, pramANatastathApi pratIte: smaanprkrnnaadiktvaadvishessaabhaavaat| tathADhyo vai devadatto navakaMbalatvAtsomadattavat iti prayogepi yadi vakturnava: kaMbalosyeti navAsya kaMbalA iti vArthadvayaM navakaMbalazabdasyAbhipretaM bhavati tadA kutosya navakaMbalA iti pratyavatiSThamAno hetorasiddhatAmevodbhAvayati na punazchalena pratyavatiSThate / tatparihArAya ca ceSTamAnastadubhayArthasamarthanena taka apane pakSa kI siddhi nahIM kI jAtI hai tathA gUDhapadavAle patradAtA aura pakSa ke gRhItA kI vaha parAjaya kaisI? __ata: yaha nizcita hai ki apane pakSa kI siddhi karane para hI vAdI kI jaya aura prativAdI kI parAjaya hotI hai, anyathA nhiiN||290-291|| jisa pakSa meM vAdI aura prativAdI kI vipratipatti (vivAda) karake pravRtti ho rahI hai, usakI siddhi ho jAne se hI eka kI jaya aura anya kI parAjaya mAnI jAtI hai| kintu phira patra meM sthita vAkya ke artha kI vyavasthA nahIM hone denA koI kisI kI jaya, parAjaya nahIM hai| athavA kevala aneka arthapana kA pratipAdana kara denA hI jaya, parAjaya nhiiN| isa prakAra kahane vAle naiyAyika ke yahA~ kevala chala kaha dene se aura pratijJAhAni Adi doSoM ke dvArA patra dene vAle aura lene vAle kI vaha parAjaya kaise ho sakatI hai? isakI tuma svayaM cintA (cintana) karo arthAt - jaba svakIya pakSa kI siddhi aura asiddhi jaya parAjaya vyavasthA kA prANa hai, to kevala prativAdI dvArA chala yA nigrahasthAna uThA dene se hI gUDha artha vAle patra ko dene vAle vAdI kI kaise parAjaya ho sakatI hai? __gUr3ha patra dvArA samajhAne yogya jisa artha meM usa vAdI kI vRtti hai, usakI siddhi kara dene se gUr3ha patra ko dene vAle vAdI kI jaya aura patra kA grahaNa karane vAle prativAdI kI parAjaya ho. jAtI hai, athavA usa patralikhita artha kA prativAdI dvArA nirAkaraNa kara dene para usa patra ko lene vAle prativAdI kI vijaya aura patra ko dene vAle vAdI kI parAjaya ho jAtI hai| naiyAyikoM kA aisA bhI kahanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki gUr3ha patra ke kaI artha sambhava haiN| ata: dUsare artha meM bhI usa vAdI kI vRtti honA sambhava hai| kyoMki prakaraNoM se usa prakAra bhI pratIta hotA hai| prakaraNa, tAtparya, avasara, AkAMkSA Adi kI samAnatA bhI mila rahI hai| koI vizeSatA nahIM hai ki yahI artha pakar3A jAya, dUsarA nahIM liyA jaay| tathA jo vAkchala ke prakaraNa meM anumAna kahA gayA hai ki yaha devadatta avazya hI dhanavAna hai, nava kaMbalavAlA hone se somadatta ke smaan| isa anumAna prayoga meM bhI vaktA ko nava kaMbala zabda ke donoM hI artha abhISTa haiM ki isake nikaTa navIna kaMbala hai aura isake yahA~ saMkhyA meM nau kaMbala haiM, taba jo prativAdI ke dvArA dUSaNa uThAyA jA rahA hai ki isa devadatta ke pAsa eka kama dasa kambala to nahIM haiN| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki vaha pratyavasthAna karane vAlA prativAdI vAdI dvArA prayukta kiye hetu ke asiddhapana ko hI uThA rahA hai, kintu phira chala karake to dUSaNa nahIM de rahA hai| ata: usa prativAdI ko chalI banAkara parAjaya denA ucita nhiiN| prativAdI dvArA lagAye gaye usa asiddha doSa ke parihAra ke lie ceSTA karane vAlA vAdI una donoM arthoM kA samarthana karake athavA una donoM
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 261 tadekatarArthasamarthanena vA hetusiddhimupadarzayati navastAvadekaH kaMbalosya pratIto bhavatA'nyesyASTau kaMbalA gRhe tiSThaMtItyubhayathA navakaMbalatvasya siddheH naasiddhtodbhaavniiyaa| navakaMbalayogitvasya vA hetutvenopAdAnAtsiddha eva heturiti svapakSasiddhau satyAmeva vAdino jayaH parasya ca parAjayo naanythaa| tadevaM vAkchalamapAsya sAmAnyachalamanUdha nirasyati yatra saMbhavatorthasyAti na sAmAnyasya yogataH / asadbhUtapadArthasya kalpanA kriyate balAt // 292 // meM se kisI eka artha kA samarthana karake apane nava kaMbalatva (nava: kambalo yasya) hetu kI siddhi ko dikhalAtA hai| he prativAdin! navIna eka kaMbala to Apane pAsa meM dekhakara nirNIta hI kara liyA hai ki anya ATha kambala isake ghara meM rakhe haiN| ata: navIna aura nau saMkhyA ina donoM arthoM ke prakAra se merA navakaMbalatva hetu siddha ho jAtA hai| ata: tumako asiddhapanA nahIM uThAnA caahie| bAta yaha bhI hai ki hetupana saralatA se siddha ho jAtA hai| navakaMbala kA yogIpana kahane se or3he hue kaMbala meM navInatA artha ko puSTi mila jAtI hai| "yuj samAdhau" yA yujir yoge, kisI bhI dhAtu se yogI zabda ko banAne para nUtana kaMbala kA saMyogIpanA hetvartha ho jAtA hai jo ki pakSa meM pratyakSa pramANa se dikhatA hai| yogI zabda lagA dene se nava kA artha nau saMkhyA nahIM ho sakatA hai| anta meM tattva yahI nikalatA hai ki apane pakSa kI siddhi ho jAne para hI vAdI kI jaya aura dUsare prativAdI kI parAjaya hotI hai| anya prakAroM se jaya-parAjaya kI vyavasthA nahIM hotI hai| - isa prakAra vAkchala kA nirAkaraNa kara aba zrI vidyAnanda AcArya dUsare sAmAnya chala kA anuvAda kara khaNDana karate haiM - jahA~ yathAyogya sambhava artha kA atikrAnta karake sAmAnya ke yoga se arthavikalpa upapatti kI sAmarthya se jo avidyamAna padArtha kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai, naiyAyika usako sAmAnya chala kahate haiN| arthAt - jo vivakSita artha ko bahuta sthAnoM meM prApta kara letA hai aura kahIM-kahIM usa artha kA atikramaNa kara jAtA hai, vaha atisAmAnya hai| yaha dUsarA sAmAnya chala to sAmAnya rUpa se prayukta kiye gaye artha ke vigama ko kAraNa mAnakara pravRtti karatA hai| jaise kisI ne jijJAsApUrvaka Azcaryasahita isa prakAra kahA ki vaha brAhmaNa hai| ata: use vidyAsampatti aura AcaraNa sampatti se yukta avazya honA caahie| arthAt-jo brAhmaNa (brahma vettIti brAhmaNaH) hai, vaha vidvAn aura AcaraNavAn honA caahie| isa prakAra kisI ke bhI dvArA kahane para koI chala ko hRdaya meM dhAratA huA kahatA hai ki isa prakAra vaha vidyA, AcaraNa sampatti to brAhmaNa kahe jAne vAle saMskArahIna vrAtya meM bhI kyoM nahIM ho jAegI? kyoMki brAhmaNa mAtA-pitAoM kA tIna cAra varSa kA lar3akA bhI brAhmaNa hai| usakA yajJopavIta saMskAra huA nahIM hai| vaha brAhmaNa kA lar3akA vrAtya hai, kintu use koI vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, siddhAnta Adi viSayoM kA jJAna nahIM hai| isI prakAra usa lar3ake meM abhakSyatyAga, brahmacarya, saMtsaMga, indriyavijaya, ahiMsAbhAva, satyavAda, vinayasaMpatti, saMsAra bhIrutA, vairAgya pariNAma Adi vratasvarUpa AcaraNa bhI nahIM pAye jAte haiN| isa prakAra, arthavikalpa kI upapatti se asadbhUta artha kI kalpanA kara dUSaNa uThAne vAlA prativAdI kapaTI hai| ataH aisI dazA meM vaktA vAdI kI jaya aura prativAdI
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 262 tatsAmAnyachalaM prAhuH sAmAnyavinibaMdhanaM / vidyAcaraNasaMpattirbrAhmaNe saMbhavediti // 293 // kenApyukte yathaivaM sA vrAtyepi brAhmaNe na kim| brAhmaNatvasya sadbhAvAdbhavedityapi bhASaNam // 294 // tadetanna chalaM yuktaM sapakSetaradarzanAt / talliMgasyAnyathA tasya vyabhicArokhilostu tat // 295 // kvacideti tathAtyeti vidyaacrnnsNpdN| brAhmaNatvamiti khyAtamiti sAmAnyamatra cet||296|| tathaivAsparzavattvAdi zabde nitytvsaadhne| kiM na syAditi sAmAnyaM srvthaapyvishesstH||297|| tannabhasyeti nityatvamatyeti ca sukhAdivat / tenAnaikAMtikaM yuktaM sapakSetaravRttitaH // 298 / / vidyAcaraNasaMpattirviSayasya prazaMsanaM / brAhmaNasya yathA zAligocarakSetravarNanam // 299 // yasyeSTaM prakRte vAkye tasya brAhmaNadharmiNi / prazastatve svayaM sAdhye brAhmaNatvena hetunA // 300 // kI parAjaya karA dI jAtI hai| isa prakAra naiyAyika apane chala pratipAdaka sUtra kA bhASya karate hue kathana kara rahe haiN| aba jainAcArya kahate haiM ki unake grantha meM prasiddha yaha naiyAyikoM kA chala bhI yukta nahIM hai| kyoMki usa hetu kA sapakSa aura vipakSa meM darzana ho jAne se prativAdI dvArA vyabhicAra doSa dikhalAyA gayA hai| anyathA vipakSa meM hetu ke dikhalAne ko yadi chalaprayoga batAyA jAyegA taba to sampUrNa vyabhicAra doSa usa chala svarUpa ho jaaeNge||292-295|| yadi naiyAyika yoM kahe ki yahA~ sUtra meM ati sAmAnya kA artha isa prakAra hai| jo brAhmaNatva kinhIM vidvAnoM meM to vidyA, AcaraNa, saMpatti ko prApta karA detA hai aura kisI brAhmaNa ke bAlaka meM vaha brAhmaNapanA usa vidyA cAritra sampatti kA atikramaNa karA detA hai| ata: isa prakaraNa meM sAmAnyarUpa se brAhmaNa meM vidyA, AcaraNa sampattirUpa artha kI sambhAvanA sAmAnya rUpa se kahI gayI hai, taba to usI prakAra "zabdo nityaH asparzavattvAt / zabda: anityaH prameyatvAt" ityAdika anumAna meM chala kyoM nahIM hogA? zabda meM nityapana ko sAdhane ke nimitta diye gaye sparzarahitapana guNapana Adi hetuoM kA prayoga bhI ati sAmAnya kyoM nahIM hoMge? ina donoM meM sabhI prakAroM se koI vizeSatA nahIM hai| arthAt chala yA vyabhicAra doSa kI apekSA brAhmaNatva aura asparzavattva donoM samAna haiN| arthAt-brAhmaNatva hetu ke samAna asparzavattva meM bhI atisAmAnya ghaTita ho jAtA hai| vaha asparzavattva bhI kahIM AkAza meM nityapana ko prApta karA detA hai| tathA kahIM sukha, buddhi, rUpa Adika guNa aura calanA, dhUmanA Adi kriyAoM meM nityapana kA atikramaNa kara detA hai| ataH sapakSa aura vipakSa meM vRtti ho jAne se asparzavattva hetu ko vyabhicArI mAnanA yukta hai||296-298|| jaise ki kalama Adika zAlidhAnyoM ke pravRtti viSaya kheta kI prazaMsA kA varNana karanA hai ki isa. kheta meM dhAnya acchA honA caahie| isI prakAra brAhmaNa meM vidyA, AcaraNa, saMpatti rUpa viSaya kI vAdI dvArA prazaMsA kI gayI hai| isa prakAra naiyAyikoM ke abhISTa karane para AcArya kahate haiM ki naiyAyika ko prakaraNa prApta vAkya meM yaha iSTa hai ki brAhmaNapana hetu dvArA prazastapanA sAdhya karane para vAdI dvArA svayaM anumAna kahA gayA mAnA hai| usake yahA~ hetu kA anaikAntika doSa uThAne yogya hai| yaha kisI ke dvArA nahIM sahA jaaegaa| jaise ki
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 263 kenAnaikAMtiko heturudbhAvyo na prshyte| kSetre kSetratvavacchAliyogyatvasya prasAdhane // 301 // yatra saMbhavatorthasyAtisAmAnyasya yogAdasadbhUtArthakalpanA haThAt kriyate tatsAmAnyanibaMdhanatvAt sAmAnyachalaM prAhuH / saMbhavatorthasyAtisAmAnyasya yogAdasadbhUtArthakalpanA sAmAnyachalamiti vacanAt / tadyathAaho nu khalvasau brAhmaNo vidyAcaraNasaMpanna ityukte kenacitkvacidAha saMbhavati brAhmaNe vidyAcaraNasaMpaditi, taM pratyasya vAkyasya vighAtorthavikalpopapattyA'sadbhUtArthakalpanayA kriyte| yadi brAhmaNe vidyAcaraNasaMpatsaMbhavati vAtyepi saMbhavAta / vrAtyopi brAhmaNo vidyAcaraNasaMpannosta / tadidaM brAhmaNatvaM vivakSitamarthaM vidyAcaraNasaMpalakSaNa kvacidbrAhmaNe tAdRzyeti kvacivrAtyetyeti tadbhAvepi bhAvAdityapi sAmAnyaM tena yogAdvakturabhipretAdarthAt sadbhUtAdanyasyAsadbhUtasyArthasya kalpanA saamaanychlN| tacca na yuktaM / yasmAdavivakSite hetukasya viSayArthavAdaH prazaMsArthatvAdvAkyasya tatrAsadbhUtArthakalpanAnupapattiH / yathA saMbhavatyasmin kSetre zAlaya ityatrAvivakSitaM kheta meM dhAnya ke yogyapaMna kA kSetratva hetu dvArA prazaMsanIya sAdhana karane para kSetratva hetu kA vyabhicAra uThA diyA jAtA hai| arthAt-naiyAyikoM dvArA anaikAntikapana kA parihAra karane ke prayatna se pratIta ho jAtA hai ki ve aise sthaloM para vyabhicAra doSa ko svIkAra karate hue hI nyAyamArga kA avalaMba karane vAle naiyAyika kahe jA sakate haiM, anyathA nahIM // 299-301 // jahA~ sambhava artha ke atisAmAnya kA yoga ho jAne se asadbhUta artha kI kalpanA haTha se kI jAtI hai, use naiyAyika sAmAnya kathana kI kAraNatA se sAmAnyachala kahate haiN| sambhAvanApUrvaka kahe gaye artha ke atisAmAnya kA yoga ho jAne se asambhUta artha kI kalpanA karanA sAmAnya chala hai| yaha sUtra kA vacana hai| jaise vismayapUrvaka avadhAraNa sahita yo sambhAvanA rUpa kalpanA karanI par3atI hai ki vaha manuSya brAhmaNa hai to vidyAsampatti aura AcaraNa sampatti se yukta avazya hogaa| isa prakAra kisI vaktA ke dvArA parabodhanArtha kaha cukane para koI eka prativAdI kahatA hai ki brAhmaNa ke sambhava hote hue vidyA, cAritra, sampatti hai| ... isa prakAra usa vAdI ke prati isa vAkya kA vighAta to arthavikalpa kI upapattirUpa asadbhUta artha kI kalpanA karake yoM kiyA jAtA hai jo chala kA sAmAnya lakSaNa hai ki brAhmaNa hone ke kAraNa usa puruSa meM vidyA, AcaraNa sampatti sambhava hai| aisA kahane para nava saMskAra hIna kRSaka brAhmaNa meM bhI vidyA AcaraNa sampatti kI saMbhAvanA hogI, kyoMki vaha bhI brAhmaNa hai| ata: brAhmaNapanA (kartA) vivakSA prApta vidyA, cAritra, sampatti svarUpa artha ko kisI sapakSa jJAna cAritra vAle brAhmaNa meM prApta karA detA hai| aura kisI vipakSarUpa vrAtya meM vidyA, AcaraNa sampatti ko atikrAnta kara jAtA hai| kyoMki usa vidyA, AcaraNa sampatti ke binA bhI vahA~ vrAtya meM brAhmaNatva kA sadbhAva hai| yaha atisAmAnya kA artha hai| usa atisAmAnya ke yoga karake vaktA ko abhipreta ho rahe sadbhUta artha se anya asadbhUta artha kI kalpanA karanA sAmAnya chala hai| naiyAyika kahate haiM ki vaha chala karanA to prativAdI ko ucita nahIM hai| jisa kAraNa se ki hetu ke vizeSoM kI vivakSA nahIM kara vAdI ne brAhmaNa rUpa viSaya ke stutiparaka artha kA anuvAda kara diyA hai| kyoMki aneka vAkya prazaMsA ke lie prayukta kiye jAte haiN| asadbhUta artha kI kalpanA karanA, jaise ki isa kheta kI bhUmi meM zAli
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 264 zAlibIjamanirAkRtaM ca tatpravRttiviSayakSetraM prshsyte| soyaM kSetrArthavAdo nAsmin zAlayo vidhIyaMta iti| bIjAttu zAlinirvRttiH satI na vivkssitaa| tathA saMbhavati brAhmaNe vidyAcaraNasaMpaditi sasyAdviSayo brAhmaNatvaM na saMpaddheturna cAtra taddheturvivakSitastadviSayArthavAdastvayaM prazaMsArthatvAdvAkyasya sati brAhmaNatve saMpaddhetuH samartha iti viSayaJca prazaMsatA vAkyena yathA hetuphalAnnivRttirna pratyAkhyAyate tadevaM sati vacanavighAtosadbhUtArthakalpanayA nopapadyate iti parasya parAjayastathA vacanAdityevaM nyAyabhASyakAro bruvannAyaM vetti, tathA chlvyvhaaraanupptteH| hetudoSasyAnaikAMtikatvasya pareNodbhAvanA vA na cAnaikAMtikatvodbhAvanameva sAmAnyachalamiti zakyaM vaktuM sarvatra, tasya saamaanychltvprsNgaat| zabdo nityo'sparzavattvAdAkAzavadityatra hi yathA zabdanityatve sAdhye asparzavattvamAkAze nitytvmeti| sukhAdiSvatyetIti vyabhicAritvAdanaikAMtikamucyate na punaH sAmAnyachalaM, cAvala acche hote haiM - yahA~ zAli bIja ke janma kI vivakSA nahIM kI gayI hai aura usakA nirAkaraNa bhI nahIM kara diyA gayA, usa zAli ke pravRtti kA viSayakSetra prazaMsita kiyA jAtA hai| ata: yahA~ yaha kSetra kI prazaMsA ko karane vAlA vAkya hai| itane hI se isa kheta meM zAli cAvaloM kA vidhAna nahIM ho jAtA hai| bIja ke kaha dene se to zAliyoM kI nivRtti hotI hai| vaha hamako vivakSita nahIM hai| usI prakAra prakaraNa meM brAhmaNa kI saMbhAvanA hone para vidyA, AcaraNa, saMpatti hogii| isa prakAra se saMpatti kA prazaMsaka brAhmaNapanA saMpatti kA hetu nahIM hai| kevala una brAhmaNoM ke viSaya meM prazaMsA karane vAle artha kA anuvAda mAtra hai| loka meM aneka vAkya prazaMsA ke lie huA karate haiN| brAhmaNa honA, vidyA, AcaraNa, saMpatti kA samartha hetu saMbhava hai| isa prakAra viSaya kI prazaMsA karane vAle vAkya ke dvArA jaise hetu se sAdhya rUpa phala kI nivRtti kA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jAtA hai aura aisA hone para vacana ke vighAta se asadbhUta artha kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| ataH aisI vyavasthA hone para prativAdI asadbhUta artha kI kalpanA dvArA vAdI ke vacana kA vighAta nahIM kara sktaa| tathA asadbhUta artha kI kalpanA ke anyAyapUrNa kathana karane se dUsare prativAdI kI parAjaya ho jAtI hai| aba AcArya kahate haiM ki isa prakAra ukta kathana ko karane vAle nyAyabhASyakAra vAtsyAyana RSi yaha nahIM samajhate haiM ki usa prakAra se chala kA vyavahAra nahIM banatA hai, jisa prakAra vAdI kI vacanabhaMgI aneka prakAra hai usI ke samAna prativAdI ke prativacanoM kA prakAra aneka saMdarbho ko liye hue hotA hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki dUsare prativAdI ke dvArA vAdI ke anumAna meM hetu ke anaikAMtika doSa kA utthApana kiyA gayA hai| hetu ke vyabhicArIpana doSa kA uThAnA hI sAmAnya chala hai-yaha to nahIM kaha skte| kyoMki aise to sabhI vyabhicAra sthaloM para usa vyabhicAra doSa ke uThAne ko sAmAnya chalapane kA prasaMga aayegaa| zabda (pakSa) nitya hai (sAdhya), sparzarahitapanA hone se (hetu) AkAza ke samAna (anvaya dRssttaant)| isa prakAra isa anumAna meM jaise-zabda kA nityapana sAdhane meM kahA gayA asparzavattva hetu kahIM AkAzarUpa sapakSa meM nityapana ko anvita kara rahA hai, kintu kahIM sukha, rUpa Adi vipakSoM meM nityatva kA ullaMghana karA rahA hai| isa kAraNa vyabhicArI ho jAne se asparzatva hetu anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa kahA jAtA hai| kintu phira yaha prativAdI kA hetvAbhAsa uThAnA sAmAnya chala nahIM kahA jA sktaa| usI prakAra prakaraNaprApta
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 265 tathA prakRtamapIti na vizeSaH kazcidasti / soyaM brAhmaNe dharmiNi vidyAcaraNasaMpadviSaye prazaMsanaM brAhmaNatvena hetunA sAdhyate, yathA zAliviSayakSetre prazaMsA kSetratvena sAkSAnna punarvidyAcaraNasaMpatsattA sAdhyate yenAtiprasajyata iti svayamanaikAMtikatvaM hetoH pariharannapi tannAnumanyata iti kathaM nyAyavit? tathopacArachalamanUdya vicArayannAha- . dharmAdhyAropanirdeze styrthprtissedhnm| upacArachalaM maMcAH krozaMtItyAdigocaram // 302 // maMcA: krozaMti gaayNtiityaadishbdpryojnm| Aropya sthAninAM dharmaM sthAneSu kriyate jnaiH||303|| gauNaMzabdArthamAzritya sAmAnyAdiSu sttvvt| tatra mukhyAbhidhAnArthapratiSedhazchalaM sthitm||304|| brAhmaNatva hetu bhI vyabhicArI hai| sAdhya ke binA hI vrAtya meM raha jAtA hai| isa prakAra asparzavattva aura brAhmaNatva hetu ke vyabhicArI meM koI vizeSatA nahIM hai| naiyAyikoM ne prathama isa prakAra kahA thA ki brAhmaNa pakSa meM vidyA, AcaraNa sampatti ke viSaya meM brAhmaNatva hetu karake prazaMsA karanA sAdhA jA rahA hai| jaise ki zAli cAvaloM ke viSayabhUta kheta meM kSetratva hetu se sAkSAt prazaMsA ke gIta gAye jAte haiM, kintu, phira sabase vidyA, AcaraNa, sampatti kI sattA to niyama se nahIM sAdhI jAtI hai jisase ki saMskArahIna brAhmaNa meM atiprasaMga doSa A ske| AcArya kahate haiM ki isa prakAra hetu ke anaikAntikapana kA svayaM parihAra karatA huA bhI yaha prasiddha naiyAyika usa prativAdI dvArA uThAye gaye anaikAntikapana ko svIkAra nahIM kara chalaprayoga batA rahA hai| aisI dazA meM vaha nyAyazAstra kA vettA kaise kahA jA sakatA hai? usI prakAra naiyAyikoM dvArA mAne gaye tIsare upacAra chala kA anuvAda kara vicAra karate hue zrI vidyAnanda AcArya vArtika kahate haiM - ___. "dharmavikalpanirdeze'rtha sadbhAvapratiSedha upacAracchalam" - yaha nyAyadarzana kA sUtra hai| dharma ke vikalpa yAnI adhyAropa kA sAmAnya rUpa se kathana karane para artha ke sadbhAva kA pratiSedha kara denA upacAra chala hai| jaise ki "maMcAH krozaMti" "gaMgAyAM ghoSaH" ityAdi ko viSaya karane vAle vAkya ke uccAraNa karane para artha kA niSedha karane vAlA puruSa chala kA prayoktA hai| arthAt maMca zabda kA artha macAna yA khetoM kI rakSA ke lie cAra khambhoM para bA~dha liyA gayA maiharA hai| _ macAna para baiThe hue manuSya cillA rahe haiM, gA rahe haiN| isa artha meM macAna cillA rahA hai, gA rahA hai| isa zabda kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai| yahA~ sthAnoM meM rahane vAle Adheya sthAniyoM ke dharma kA AdhArabhUta sthAnoM meM Aropa kara manuSyoM ke dvArA zabda vyavahAra kara liyA jAtA hai| zabda ke gauNa artha kA Azraya kara maMca meM maMcasthapane kA Aropa hai| jaise ki sAmAnya vizeSa Adi padArthoM meM gauNa rUpa se sattA mAna lI jAtI hai, anyathA una sAmAnya, vizeSa, samavAya padArthoM kA sadbhAva hI uTha jAtA hai- arthAt - naiyAyika yA vaizeSikoM ne dravya, guNa, karma meM to mukhya rUpa se sattA jAti ko samaveta mAnA hai aura sAmAnya, vizeSa, samavAya padArthoM meM - gauNarUpa se sattA (astitva) dharma ko abhISTa kiyA hai| usI prakAra maMca kA mukhya
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 266 na cedaM vAkchalaM yuktaM kiNcitsaadhrmymaatrtH| svarUpabhedasaMsiddheranyathAtiprasaMgataH // 305 // kalpanArthAMtarasyoktA vAkchalasya hi lakSaNaM / sadbhUtArthaniSedhastUpacArachalalakSaNam // 306 // atrAbhidhAnasya dharmo yathArthe prayogastasyAdhyAropo vikalpaH anyatra dRSTasyAnyatra prayogaH, maMcA: krozaMti gAyatItyAdau zabdaprayogavat / sthAneSu hi maMceSu sthAninAM puruSANAM dharmamAkroSTitvAdikaM samAropya artha to macAna hai aura gauNa artha maMca para baiThe hue manuSya haiN| vahA~ vAdI dvArA prasiddha ho rahe gauNa artha ko kahane vAlA maMca zabda kA maMcastha artha meM prayoga kiye jAne para vahA~ zabda ke mukhya artha kA pratiSedha kara denA naiyAyikoM ke yahA~ upacAra chala vyavasthita kiyA gayA hai||302-303-304|| yaha tIsarA upacArachala kevala kucha thor3A sA samAna dharmApana mila jAne se pahile vAkchala meM garbhita kara lenA caahie| yaha kisI kA kathana yuktisahita nahIM hai, kyoMki unake lakSaNa bheda pratipAdaka bhinnabhinna svarUpoM kI siddhi hai| anyathA (svarUpa bheda hone para bhI usase pRthak nahIM mAnoge to) atiprasaMga doSa AtA hai arthAt tInoM chala eka ho jAte haiN| vaktA ke abhiprAya se bhinna artha kI kalpanA karanA vAkchala kA lakSaNa hai aura vidyamAna sadbhUta artha kA niSedha kara denA upacAra chala kaa| ata: ye donoM pRthak-pRthak haiM // 305-306 // ___ bhAvArtha - naiyAyikoM ne zakti aura lakSaNA yoM zabdoM kI do vRttiyA~ mAnI haiN| zabda kI vAcaka zakti se jo artha nikalatA hai, vaha zakyArtha hai aura tAtparya kI anupapatti hone para zakyArtha saMbaMdhI anya artha ko lakSyArtha kahate haiN| jaise ki gaMgA kA jalapravAha artha to abhidhAzakti se prApta hotA hai aura ghoSa pada kA samabhivyavahAra ho jAne para gaMgAtIra artha karanA lakSaNAvRtti se nikalatA hai| jisa zabda ke zakyArtha do haiM, vahA~ eka zakyArtha ke nirNaya karAne vAle vizeSa kA abhAva hone se prativAdI dvArA vAdI ke aniSTa ho rahe zakyArtha kI kalpanA karake dUSaNa kathana karanA vAkchala hai| jaise ki navakaMbala kA artha nau saMkhyA vAle kaMbala gar3ha kara pratyavasthAna diyA tathA zakti aura lakSaNA nAmaka vRttiyoM meM se kisI eka vRtti dvArA zabda ke prayoga kiye jAne para punaH prativAdI dvArA jo niSedha kiyA jAnA hai, vaha upacAra chala hai| jaise ki macAna gA rahe haiN| yahA~ vAdI ko lakSaNA vRtti se maMca kA artha maMcastha puruSa abhISTa hai| zakyArtha macAna artha abhISTa nahIM hai| loka meM bhI vahI artha prasiddha hai| aisI dazA meM prativAdI dvArA macAna artha kara niSedha uThAyA jAtA hai| vahA~ arthAntara kI kalpanA hai aura yahA~ artha sadbhAva kA pratiSedha kiyA gayA hai| "vAkchalamevopacAracchalaM tadavizeSAt" isa sUtra dvArA pUrvapakSa uThAkara "na tadarthAntarabhAvAt" "avizeSe vA kiJcitsAdhAdekacchalaprasaGgaH" - ina do sUtroM se uttara pakSa ko puSTa kiyA hai| nyAyabhASyakAra kahate haiM ki zabda kA dharma yathArtha prayoga karanA hai| arthAt jaisA artha abhISTa ho, usI ke anusAra zabda kA prayoga Avazyaka hai| usakA vikalpa karanA yAnI anyatra dekhe gaye kA dUsare anya sthAnoM para prayoga karanA - yaha Aropa hai| usakA nirdeza karane para artha ke sadbhAva kA niSedha kara denA upacAra chala hai| jaise ki macAna cillA rahe haiM, gA rahe haiN| ityAdi prakAra ke zleSayukta padoM kA prayoga karane para bhI upacArachala kiyA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki, yahA~ prakaraNa meM adhikaraNa yA sthAnarUpa macAnoM meM sthAna vAle
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 267 janaistathA prayogaH kriyate gauNazabdArthazrayaNAt sAmAnyAdiSvastIti zabdaprayogavat tasya dharmAdhyAropanirdeze satyarthasya pratiSedhanaM na maMcAH krozaMti maMcasthA: puruSAH krozaMtIti / tadidamupacArachalaM pratyeyaM / dharmavikalpanirdeze arthasadbhAvapratiSedha upacArachalaM iti vacanAt / kA punaratrArthavikalpopapattiryathA vacanavighAtazchalamiti, anyathA prayuktasyAbhidhAnasyAnyathArthaparikalpanaM / bhaktyA hi prayogo'yaM maMcA: krozaMtIti tAtsthyAttacchabdopacArAt prAdhAnyena tasya parikalpanaM kRtvA pareNa pratyavasthAna vidhIyate / kaH punarupacAro nAma? sAhacaryAdinA nimittena tadabhAvepi tdvdbhidhaanmupcaarH| yadyevaM vAkchalAdupacArachalaM na bhidyate arthAMtarakalpanAyA avizeSAt / ihApi Adheya puruSoM ke dharma gAnA, gAlI denA, ronA Adi kA Aropa kara vyavahArI manuSyoM ke dvArA usa prakAra zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| jaise ki dravya,guNa, karma, tIna to sattA jAti ke samavAya sambandha vAle haiN| zeSa sAmAnya , vizeSa, samavAyoM meM gauNarUpa se asti zabda kA prayoga mAnA gyaa| usI prakAra zabda ke gauNa artha kA Azraya kara maMca zabda kahA gayA hai| vAdI dvArA usake dharma kA adhyAropa kathana karane para punaH prativAdI dvArA zabda ke pradhAna artha kA Azraya kara usa artha kA niSedha kiyA jA rahA hai ki macAna to gAlI nahIM de rahA hai, kintu macAnoM para baiThe hue manuSya gAlI de rahe haiN| isa prakAra upacAra chala samajha lenA caahie| gautama RSi kA isa prakAra vacana hai ki dharma ke vikalpa kA kathana karane para artha ke sadbhAva kA pratiSedha kara denA upacArachala hai| nyAyabhASyakAra kahate haiM ki yahA~ upacAra chala meM phira artha vikalpa kI upapatti kyA hai? jisase ki vacana kA vighAta hokara yaha chala ho sakatA hai| arthAt - artha ke vikalpa se vacana kA vighAta honA, yaha chala kA sAmAnya lakSaNa hai| upacAra chala meM artha vikalpa kI upapatti se vAdI ke vacana kA vighAta honA, yaha sAmAnya kathana avazya ghaTita honA caahie| kyoMki bhakti se anya prakAroM se prayukta kiye gaye zabda kA dUsare bhinna prakAroM se artha kI parikalpanA karanA artha vikalpopapatti hai| jaba ki macAna gA rahe haiM, yaha prayoga gauNarUpa se kiyA gayA hai| kyoMki tatra sthita meM tat ko kahane vAle zabda kA upacAra hai| isa prakAra gauNa arthoM meM zabdoM kI lokaprasiddhi hone para pradhAnatA se usa artha kI saba ora se kalpanA kara dUsare prativAdI dvArA doSa utthApana kiyA jAtA hai| puna: nyAyabhASyakAra ke prati kisI kA prazna hai ki upacAra chala meM upacAra kA artha kyA hai? uttara hai ki sahacArIpana, kAraNatA, krUratA Adi nimittoM ke kAraNa usase rahita artha meM bhI prayojanavaza usa vAle kA kathana karanA upacAra hai| arthAt nimitta aura prayojana ke adhIna upacAra hotA hai| jaise maMcA: krozanti, yahA~ maMca kA sahacArI hone se maMcastha ko maMca kaha diyA jAtA hai| "annaM vai prANA:" prANa ke kAraNa anna ko prANa kaha diyA jAtA hai| "dhanaM prANAH" prANa ke kAraNa anna aura anna ke kAraNa dhana ko upacaritopacAra se prANa mAna liyA jAtA hai| nyAyabhASyakAra ke prati koI kahatA hai ki yadi Apa isa prakAra mAneMge, taba to vAkchala, upacAra chala kA koI bheda nahIM rhegaa| kyoMki anya artha kI kalpanA karanA donoM meM ekasI hai| koI vizeSatA nahIM
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 268 hi sthAnyartho guNazabdaH pradhAnazabdaH sthAnArtha iti kalpayitvA pratiSidhyate naanytheti| naitatsAraM / arthAMtarakalpanAtorthasadbhAvapratiSedhasyAnyathAtvAt, kiMcitsAdhAttayorekatve vA trayANAmapi. chlaanaamektvprsNgH| atha vAkchalasAmAnyachalayoH kiMcitsAdharmya sadapi dvitvaM. na nivartayati, tarhi tayorupacAracha lasya ca kiMcitsAdharmya vidyamAnamapi tritvaM teSAM na nivartayiSyati, vacanavighAtasyArthavikalpopapattyA triSvapi bhaavaat| tatonyadeva vaakchlaadupcaarchlN| tadapi parasya parAjayAyAvakalpate ythaavktrbhipraaymprtissedhaat| zabdasya hi prayogo loke pradhAnabhAvena guNabhAvena ca prsiddhH| tatra yadi vakturguNabhUtortho'bhipretastadA tasyAnujJAnaM pratiSedho vA vidhIyate, pradhAnabhUtazcettasyAnujJAnapratiSedhau ___ arthAt - vAkchala meM bhI prativAdI dvArA arthAntara kI kalpanA kI gayI hai aura upacAra chala meM bhI prativAdI ne anya prakAra se dUsare artha kI kalpanA kara doSa uThAyA hai| jaise - macAna gA rahe haiM, yahA~ bhI maMca zabda kA sthAnI (Adheya puruSa) artha gauNa hai aura sthAna artha (adhikaraNa) pradhAna hai| isa pradhAna artha pratipAdaka zabda kI kalpanA kara prativAdI dvArA pratiSedha kiyA jA rahA hai| anya prakAroM se to niSedha ho nahIM sktaa| kyoMki donoM meM isake atirikta koI dUsarA prakAra nahIM hai| ata: donoM chaloM meM koI bheda nahIM hai| usa prazna kA nyAyabhASyakAra uttara kahate haiM ki yaha AkSepa to niHsAra hai| kyoMki usa arthasadbhAva ke pratiSedha kA pRthagbhAva hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki arthAntara kI kalpanA karanA rUpa vAkchala se artha ke sadbhAva kA pratiSedha kara denA svarUpa upacAra chala kA vibhinna panA hai| donoM chaloM kA prayojaka dharma pRthakpRthak hai| kucha thor3e se samAna dharmApane ke kAraNa yadi una vAkchala aura upacAra chala ko ekapanA abhISTa kiyA jAyegA, taba to tInoM bhI chaloM ke ekapana kA prasaMga aayegaa| naiyAyika kahate haiM ki vAkchala aura sAmAnya chala-ina donoM meM kucha samAnadharmApana yadyapi vidyamAna hai, to bhI vaha unake do pana kI nivRtti nahIM kara paataa| aisA kisI kA prazna hone para hama naiyAyika uttara deMge ki taba to una sAmAnya chala, vAkchala aura upacAra chala kA kucha-kucha sadharmApana rahate hue bhI una chaloM ke tInapane kI nivRtti nahIM karA skegaa| arthavikalpa kI upapatti se vAdI pratipAdita vacana kA vighAta ina chaloM ke sAmAnya lakSaNa kA tInoM chaloM meM sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai| bhAvArtha - "pramiti karaNaM prmaannN'| isa sAmAnya lakSaNa ke sampUrNa pramANa ke bheda-prabhedoM meM ghaTita ho jAne para hI pratyakSa, anumAna yA indriyapratyakSa, mAnasapratyakSa, svArthAnumAna, parArthAnumAna Adi meM pramANavizeSa lakSaNoM kA samanvaya karane para una vizeSoM kA pRthagbhAva bana pAtA hai| ata: siddha hotA hai ki vAkchala se upacAra chala bhinna hI hai| kintu ukta do chaloM ke samAna pravRtta kiyA gayA vaha upacAra chala bhI dUsare prativAdI kI parAjaya karAne ke lie samartha ho jAtA hai| kyoMki prativAdI ne vaktA ke abhiprAyoM ke anusAra pratiSedha nahIM kiyA hai| zabda kA prayoga karanA loka meM pradhAna bhAva aura gauNa bhAva donoM prakAroM se prasiddha hai, to vahA~ vaktA ko yadi gauNa artha abhISTa hai, taba to usI gauNa artha kA vAdI ke vicAra anusAra prativAdI ko svIkAra karanA cAhie aura usI gauNa artha kA prativAdI ko pratiSedha karanA ucita hai, tathA vAdI ko zabda kA yadi pradhAnabhUta artha abhipreta hai, taba usa pradhAna artha kA hI prativAdI dvArA anujJAna aura pratiSedha karanA cAhie, na chandataH (apanI icchA anusAra svacchandatA se) anujJAna aura pratiSedha nahIM karanA
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 269 kartavyau prativAdinAM na chandata iti nyaayH| yadAtra gauNamAnaM vaktAbhipraiti pradhAnabhUtaM tu taM parikalpya para: pratiSedhati tadA tena svamanISA pratiSiddhA syAnna parasyAbhiprAya iti na tasyAyamupAlaMbha: syAt / tadanupAlaMbhAccAsau parAjIyate tadupAlaMbhAparijJAnAditi naiyAyikA mnyte|| tadetasmin prayukte syAnnigraho yadi kasyacit / tadA yaugo nigRhyeta pratiSedhAt pramAdikam // 307 // mukhyarUpatayA zUnyavAdinaM prati srvthaa| tena saMvyavahAreNa pramAderupavarNanAt // 308 // sarvathA zUnyatAvAde pramANAdevirudhyate / tato nAyaM satAM yukta ityazUnyatvasAdhanAt // 309 // yogena nigrahaH prApya: svopacAracchalepi cet| siddhaH svapakSasiddhyaiva prsyaaymsNshym||310|| cAhie-yahI nyAya mArga hai| isa prakaraNa meM jisa samaya vaktA zabda ke kevala gauNa artha ko abhISTa kara rahA hai, usa samaya zabda ke pradhAnabhUta artha kI parikalpanA kara yadi dUsarA prativAdI pratiSedha karatA hai, to samajhie ki usa prativAdI ne apanI vicArazAlinI buddhi kA hI pratiSedha kiyA hai| itane se dUsare vAdI ke abhiprAya kA pratiSedha nahIM ho sktaa| ataH prativAdI kA vAdI ke prati upalaMbha nahIM hai pratyuta prativAdI ke prati hI upAlaMbha hai| tathA vAdI ke prati upAlaMbha honA nahIM banane se vaha prativAdI parAjita ho jAtA hai, kyoMki prativAdI ko vAdI ke prati upAlambha dene kA parijJAna nahIM hai-aisA naiyAyika mAnate haiN| . isa prakAra prayukta kiye jAne para (gauNa artha ke abhipreta hone para mukhya artha ke niSedhamAtra se hI) yadi kisI eka prativAdI kA nigraha honA mAna liyA jAyegA, taba to naiyAyika bhI zUnyavAdI ke prati mukhyarUpa se pramANa, prameya Adi kA sarvathA pratiSedha ho jAne se nigraha ko prApta ho jaaegaa| kyoMki laukika samIcIna vyavahAra ke dvArA pramANa, pramiti Adi padArthoM ko usa zUnyavAdI ne svIkAra kiyA hai| arthAtsaMvRti (upacAra) se pramANa Adika tattvoM ko mAnane vAle zUnyavAdI kA pratiSedha naiyAyika mukhya pramANa Adi ko manavAne ke lie karate haiN| kyoMki pramANa hetu Adi ko vastubhUta mAne binA sAdhana yA dUSaNa denA nahIM bana sakatA hai||307-308|| vAda karane meM pramANa, pramAtA, dravya, guNa Adi kA sabhI prakAroM se zUnyapanA viruddha par3atA hai arthAt-jo upacAra aura mukhya sabhI prakAroM se pramANa, hetu, vAcakapada, zrAvaNapratyakSa Adi ko nahIM mAnatA hai, vaha vAdI zAstrArtha kaise kara sakatA hai? ataH siddha hai ki zUnyavAdI upacAra se pramANa Adi ko svIkAra karatA hai, to phira naiyAyikoM ko pramANa Adi kA pratiSedha usake prati mukhyarUpa se nahIM karanA caahie| kintu naiyAyika ukta prakAra dUSaNa de rahe haiN| ata: azUnyapane kI siddhi ho jAne se yaha naiyAyikoM ke Upara chala uThAnA sajjanoM ko samucita nahIM hai, naiyAyika sva ke dvArA upacAra chala pravRtta ho jAne para bhI zUnyavAdI dvArA nigraha ko prApta kara diye jAyeMge (naiyAyikoM ke dvArA nigraha ko prApta ho jaayeNge)| isa prakAra kahane para to hamArA vahI pUrva kA siddhAnta prasiddha ho gayA ki apane pakSa kI siddhi kara dene se hI dUsare prativAdI kI parAjaya hotI hai| yaha siddhAnta saMzaya rahita hokara siddha ho jAtA hai, tabhI to zUnyavAdI kA pakSa puSTa ho cukane para usa naiyAyika kA nigraha kiyA jAtA hai|309-310|| * yahA~ taka AcArya deva ne naiyAyikoM ke chala prakaraNa kI parIkSA kara dI hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 270 atha jAti vicArayitumArabhatesvasAdhyAdavinAbhAvalakSaNe sAdhane sthite| jananaM yatprasaMgasya sA jAti: kaishidiiritaa||311|| "prayukta hetau yaH prasaMgo jAyate sA jAtiH" iti vcnaat|| kaH punaH prasaMgaH? ityAhaprasaMga: pratyavasthAnaM sAdharmyaNetareNa vaa| vaidhokte'nyathokte ca sAdhane syAdyathAkramam // 312 // udAharaNavaidhayeNokte sAdhane sAdhamryeNa pratyavasthAnamudAharaNasAdhayeNokte vaidharyeNa pratyavasthAnamupAlaMbhaH pratiSedhaH prasaMga iti vijJeyaM, "sAdharmyavaidhAbhyAM pratyavasthAnaM jAti:' iti vcnaat|| etadevAhaudAharaNasAdharmyAtsAdhyasyArthasya sAdhanaM / hetustasmin prayuktenyo yadA pratyavatiSThate // 313 // udAharaNavaidhAttatra vyAptimakhaMDayat / tadAsau jAtivAdI syaadduussnnaabhaasvaakttH||314|| aba asat uttara svarUpa jAtiyoM kA vicAra karane ke lie granthakAra vizeSa prakaraNa kA prArambha karate haiM - ___ "apane sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva rakhanA" isa hetu ke lakSaNa se yukta jJApaka sAdhana ke vyavasthita ho jAne para jo puna: prasaMga utpanna karanA hai, yAnI vAdI ke Upara prativAdI dvArA dUSaNa diyA jAtA hai, usako kinhIM naiyAyikoM ne jAti kahA hai||311|| hetu kA prayoga kara cukane para jo prativAdI dvArA prasaMga janA jAtA hai, vaha jAti hai| prasaMga zabda kA kyA artha hai? aisI jijJAsA hone para zrI vidyAnanda svAmI kahate haiM udAharaNa ke vaidharmya se sAdhya ko sAdhane vAle hetu kA kathana kara cukane para punaH prativAdI dvArA sAdharmya karake pratiSedha karanA arthAt dUSaNa uThAnA prasaMga hai| athavA anya prakAra arthAt udAharaNa kA sAdharmya dikhAkara hetu kA kathana kara cukane para punaH prativAdI dvArA vaidharmya karake pratyavasthAna (ulAhanA) denA prasaMga hai| yathAkrama se ye do prakAra ke prasaMga haiN||312|| vAdI dvArA vyatireka dRSTAntarUpa udAharaNa ke vidharmatva se jJApakahetu kA kathana kara cukane para prativAdI dvArA sAdharmya karake pratiSedha kiyA jAnA prasaMga hai aura vAdI dvArA anvayadRSTAntasvarUpa udAharaNa ke samAna dharmApana karake jJApaka hetu kA kathana kiye jAne para punaH prativAdI dvArA vidharmatva ke dvArA pratyavasthAna (ulAhanA) denA (arthAt vAdI ke kahe gaye kA pratiSedha kara denA) prasaMga hai| jAti kA mUla lakSaNa sAdharmya aura vaidharmya karake ulAhanA uThAnA jAti hai| aisA jAtisUtra meM gautama RSi ne kahA hai| isI sUtra aura bhASya kA anuvAda karate hue zrI vidyAnanda AcArya ukta kathana ko hI vArtikoM dvArA unakI paribhASA meM kahate haiM - udAharaNa ke sAdharmya se sAdhya artha kA sAdhana karane vAlA hetu hai| udAharaNa ke sadharmatva se usa hetu kA prayoga kiye jAne para jaba anya prativAdI usa anumAna ke hetu meM vyApti kA khaNDanaM nahIM karAtA huA
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 271 tathodAhativaidhAtsAdhyasyArthasya saadhnN| hetustasmin prayuktepi parasya prtyvsthitiH||315|| sAdhaNeha dRSTAMte duussnnaabhaasvaadinH| jAyamAnA bhavejAtirityanvarthe pravakSyate // 316 // udyotakarastvAha-jAti masthApanAhetau prayukte yaH pratiSedhAsamartho heturiti sopi prasaMgasya parapakSapratiSedhArthasya hetorjananaM jAtirityanvarthasaMjJAmeva jAtiM vyAcaSTe'nyathA nyaaybhaassyvirodhaat|| kathamevaM jAtibahutvaM kalpanIyamityAhasadharmatvavidharmatvapratyavasthAvikalpataH / kalpyaM jAtibahutvaMsyAdvyAsato'naMtazaH staam||317|| yathA vipryyjnyaanaajnyaannigrhbhedtH| bahutvaM nigrahasthAnasyoktaM pUrvaM suvistaram // 318 // yadi udAharaNa ke vaidharmya se (jaba) ulAhanA detA hai, usa samaya vaha asat uttara ko kahane vAlA jAtivAdI kahA jAtA hai, tathA vAdI ke kahe gaye hetu kA pratyAkhyAna nahIM kara sakatA hai| usa prativAdI ke vacana dUSaNAbhAsa hai arthAt vastuta: dUSaNa nahIM hokara dUSaNa sadRza hai| jaba vAdI kA hetu akSuNNa banA rahA to prativAdI kA doSa uThAnA kucha bhI nahIM // 313-314 // udAharaNa ke vaidharmya se sAdhya artha ko sAdhane vAlA hetu hotA hai, vAdI dvArA usa hetu ke bhI prayukta kiye jAne para dUsare prativAdI ke dvArA dRSTAnta meM sAdharmya se jo yahA~ pratyavasthAna denA hai, vaha dUSaNAbhAsa ko kahane vAle prativAdI kI prasaMga ko utpanna karane vAlI jAti hai| isa prakAra jAti zabda kA nirukti dvArA dhAtvartha anusAra artha karane para ukta lakSaNa kaha diyA jAtA hai arthAt asat uttara ko kahane vAle jAtivAdI kI parAjaya ho jAtI hai aura samIcIna ko kahane vAle vAdI kI jIta ho jAtI hai||315-316|| udyotakara kahatA hai ki jAti kA lakSaNa to isa nAma se hI siddha hai| ___apane pakSa kI sthApanA karane vAle hetu ke vAdI dvArA prayukta kiye jAne para punaH prativAdI dvArA usa pakSa kA pratiSedha karane meM asamartha hetu kA utpanna honA (vaha) jAti kahI jAtI hai| aba AcArya kahate haiM ki isa prakAra kahane vAlA udyotakara paNDita prasaMga kA yAnI parapakSa kA niSedha karane ke lie kahe gaye hetu kA utpanna honA jAti hai| isa prakAra, yaugika artha ke anusAra anvartha nAma saMkIrtana ko dhArane vAlI jAti kA hI kathana kara rahA hai| anyathA nyAyabhASya grantha se virodha AtA hai| ata: rUr3ha yA yogarUr3ha artha anusAra jAti kA artha mAnane para udyotakara kA kathana naiyAyika ke viruddha par3atA hai| jaba sAdharmya aura vaidharmya se dUSaNa uThAnerUpa jAti eka hI hai, to phira isa prakAra jAti kA bahutapaMnA (caubIsa saMkhyA) kisa prakAra se kalpita kI gaI hai? isa prakAra, jijJAsA hone para naiyAyikoM ke uttara kA anuvAda karate hue zrI vidyAnaMda svAmI kahate haiM samAna dharmatva aura vidharmatva ke dvArA kathita doSa prasaMga ke vikalpa se jAtiyoM kA bahutapanA (caubIsapanA) kalpita kara liyA jAtA hai| adhika vistAra kI apekSA se sajjanoM ke yahA~ jAtiyoM ke anantaza: vikalpa kiye jA sakate haiN| jainoM ke yahA~ bhI adhika prabhedoM kI vivakSA hone para padArthoM ke saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta bheda ho jAte haiN||317|| . jisa prakAra vipratipatti (viparyayajJAna) aura apratipatti (ajJAnasvarUpa) nigrAhakoM ke bheda se nigrahasthAnoM kA bahutapanA pUrva prakaraNA meM bahuta bAra vistArapUrvaka kathana kiyA gayA hai||318|| aneka
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 272 tatra hyprtibhaajnyaanaannubhaassnnprynu-| yojyopekSaNavikSepA labhaMte'pratipattitAm // 319 // zeSA vipratipattitvaM prApnuvaMti samAsataH / tadvibhinnasvabhAvasya nigrahasthAnamIkSaNAt / / 320 // tatrAtivistareNAnaMtajAtayo na zakyA vaktumiti vistareNa caturviMzatirjAtayaH proktA ityupadarzayatiprayukte sthApanAhetau jAtayaH prtissedhikaaH| caturviMzatiratroktAstA: sAdharmyasamAdayaH // 321 // tathA cAha nyaaybhaassykaarH| sAdharmyavaidhAbhyAM pratyavasthAnasya vikalpAjAtibahutvamiti sakSapaNoktaM, tadvistareNa vibhidyte| tAzca khalvimA jAtayaH sthApanAhetau prayukte caturviMzatiH pratiSedhahetava"sAdharmyavaidhotkarSApakarSavardhyAvarNyavikalpasAdhyaprAptyaprAptiprasaMgapratidRSTAMtAnupapattisaMzayaprakaraNAhetvarthApatyavizeSopapattyupalabdhyanupalabdhinityAnityakAryasamA:" iti sUtrakAravacanAt / / kalpanAe~ karanA athavA aneka prakAra kI kalpanA karanA yahA~ vikalpa samajhA jAtA hai| nyAyabhASyakAra kahate haiM ki una nigrahasthAnoM meM apratibhA, ajJAna, ananubhASaNa, paryanuyojyopekSaNa, vikSepa, matAnujJA ye nigrahasthAna to apratipattipana ko prApta haiM, tathA zeSa bace hue pratijJAhAni Adika nigrahasthAna viparIta athavA kutsita pratipatti hone rUpa vipratipattipana ko prApta ho jAte haiN| saMkSepa se vicAra kiye jAne para una vipratipatti aura avipratipatti ina do nigrahasthAnoM se vibhinna svabhAva vAle tIsare nigrahasthAna kA kisI ko bhI kabhI avalokana nahIM hotA hai arthAt saMkSepa se ye do nigrahasthAna hI dRSTigocara hote haiM // 319-320 / / jAti ke prakaraNa meM atyanta vistAra se kathana karane para to ananta jAtiyA~ haiM jo zabdoM dvArA nahIM kahI jA sakatI haiN| ataH madhyama vistAra se caubIsa jAtiyA~ nyAyadarzana meM kahI haiN| bhASyakAra kI isI bAta ko granthakAra dikhalAte haiM - prakRta sAdhya kI sthApanA karane ke lie vAdI dvArA hetuke prayukta kiye jAne para punaH prativAdI dvArA pratiSedha karAne ke kAraNa yahA~ sAdharmyasamA, vaidharmyasamA, Adika caubIsa jAtiyA~ kahI gayI haiN||321|| nyAyabhASyakAra kahate haiM ki sAdharmya aura vaidharmya ke dvArA pratyavasthAna ke bheda se jAtiyoM kA bahutva ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra, saMkSepa se to eka hI pratyavasthAna rUpa jAti kahI gayI hai, usa sAdharmya aura vaidharmya ke dvArA pratyavasthAna ke vistAra se jAti ke vibhAga kara diye jAte haiN| tathA ve jAtiyA~ nizcayapane se hetu ke prayukta kiye jAne para punaH pratiSedha ke kAraNabhUta caubIsa haiM - 1 sAdharmyasamA 2 vaidharmyasamA 3 utkarSasamA 4 apakarSasamA 5 varNyasamA 6 avarNyasamA 7 vikalpa samA 8 sAdhyasamA 9 prAptisamA 10 aprAptisamA 11 prasaMgasamA 12 pratidRSTAntasamA 13 anutpattisamA 14 saMzayasamA 15 prakaraNasamA 16 ahetusamA 17 arthApattisamA 18 avizeSasamA 19 upapattisamA 20 upalabdhisamA 21 anupalabdhisamA 22 nityasamA 23 anityasamA 24 kaarysmaa| isa prakAra jAtiyoM ke caubIsa bheda kahe haiN| isa prakAra sUtrakAra kA vacana hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika *273 yatrAviziSyamANena hetunA prtyvsthitiH| sAdharmyaNa samA jAti: sA sAdharmyasamA matA // 322 // nirvaktavyAstathA zeSAstA vaidharmyasamAdayaH / lakSaNaM punaretAsAM yathoktamabhibhASyate // 323 // atra jAtiSu yA sAdharmyaNa pratyavasthitiraviziSyamANasthApanAhetutaH sA sAdharmyasamA jaatiH| evamaviziSyamANasthApanAhetuto vaidhahNa pratyavasthiti: vaidhrmysmaa| tathotkarSAdibhiH pratyavasthitayaH utkarSAdisamA iti nirvktvyaaH| lakSaNaM tu yathoktamabhibhASyate tatra // sAdharyeNopasaMhAre taddharmasya viparyayAt / yastatra dUSaNAbhAsaH sa sAdharmyasamo mtH||324|| yathA kriyAbhRdAtmAyaM kriyAhetuguNAzrayAt / ya IdRkSaH sa IdRkSo yathA loSThastathA ca saH / 325 / jahA~ vizeSatA ko nahIM prApta hetu ke dvArA sAdharmya se pratyavasthAna diyA jAtA hai, vaha naiyAyikoM ke yahA~ sAdharmyasamA jAti mAnI gayI hai| tathA usI prakAra zeSa bacI huI una vaidharmyasamA, utkarSasamA Adi jAtiyoM kI bhI zabdoM dvArA nirukti kara lenA caahie| ina sAdharmyasamA Adika jAtiyoM kA nyAya darzana grantha ke anusAra kahA gayA lakSaNa yathAvasara kaha diyA jAegA // 322-323 / / ina jAtiyoM meM jo sAdharmya ke dvArA pratyavasthAna denA hai, vaha sAdhya kI sthApanA karane vAle hetu se aviziSTa sAdharmyasamA jAti hai| isI prakAra, vaidharmya se upasaMhAra karane para sthApanA hetu se aviziSTatA rakhane vAlA jo pratyavasthAna hai, vaha vaidharmyasamA jAti hai| tathA sthApanA hetuoM se utkarSa, apakarSa, varNya, avarNya Adi karake jo pratyavasthAna dete haiM, ve utkarSasamA, apakarSa samA Adika jAtiyA~ haiN| isa prakAra prakRti, pratyaya Adi ke dvArA jAtiyoM kI nirukti kara lenI caahie| unakA lakSaNa naiyAyikoM ke siddhAnta anusAra kahA gayA una-una prakaraNoM meM bhASya yA vivaraNa se paripUrNa kaha diyA jaaegaa| una caubIsa jAtiyoM meM pahilI sAdharmyasamA jAti kA lakSaNa kahate haiM - . . vAdI dvArA sAdharmya se hetu kA pakSa meM upasaMhAra kara cukane para usa sAdhyadharma ke viparyaya dharma kI upapatti karane se jo vahA~ dUSaNAbhAsa uThAyA jAtA hai, vaha sAdharmyasama pratiSedha mAnA gayA hai| jaise yaha AtmA (pakSa) halana, calana Adi kriyAoM ko dhArane vAlA hai (sAdhya), kriyAoM ke kAraNabhUta guNoM kA Azraya hone se (hetu) jo kriyA ke hetubhUta guNoM kA AdhAra hai, vaha kriyAvAna avazya hai| jaise pheMkA gayA patthara (anvaya dRssttaant)| usI prakAra kA kriyA hetu guNAzraya vaha AtmA hai (upny)| ata: gamana, bhramaNa, utpatana, Adi kriyAoM ko yaha AtmA dhAraNa kara rahA hai (nigmn)| bhAvArtha - jaise patthara meM kriyA ke kAraNabhUta saMyoga, vega, gurutva Adi guNa vidyamAna haiM aura AtmA meM adRSTa (dharma adharma) prayatna, saMyoga, guNa, kriyA ke kAraNa haiN| ataH AtmA meM unakA phala kriyA honI caahie| isa prakAra upasaMhAra kara vAdI dvArA samIcIna hetu ke kahe jAne para koI prativAdI isake viparyaya meM kaha rahA hai ki jIva (pakSa) kriyArahita hai (sAdhya), vyApakadravyapanA hone se (hetu)| jaise AkAza (anvydRssttaant)| ata: jaise vyApaka dravya hone se AkAza niSkriya hai, usI prakAra vyApaka AtmA bhI kriyArahita hai| arthAt jaba koI sthAna hI rItA nahIM bacA hai to vyApaka AtmA kriyA kahA~ kare? arthAt
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 274 tasmAtkriyAbhUdityevamupasaMhArabhASaNe / kazcidAhAkriyo jIvo vibhudravyatvato ythaa||326|| vyoma tathA na vijJAto vizeSasya prasAdhakaH / hetuH pakSadvayopyasti tatoyaM dosssnnibhH||327|| sAdhyasAdhanayoAptervicchedasyAsamarthanAt / tatsamarthanataMtrasya doSatvenopavarNanAt // 328 // nAstyAtmanaH kriyAvattve sAdhye kriyAhetuguNAzrayatvasya sAdhanasya svasAdhyena vyAptirvibhutvAnniSkriyatvasiddhau vicchidyate, na ca tadavicchede tadrUSaNatvaM sAdhyasAdhanayorvyAptivicchedasamarthanataMtrasyaiva dosstvenopvrnnnaat| tathA coktaM nyAyabhASyakAreNa / "sAdharmyaNopasaMhAre sAdhyadharmaviparyayopapatteH sAdharmyaNa pratyavasthAnaM sAdharmyasamaH pratiSedha" iti / nidarzanaM, kriyAvAnAtmA dravyasya kriyaahetugunnyogaat| dravyaM loSThaH sa ca kriyAhetuguNayuktaH kriyAvAMstathA cAtmA tasmAtkriyAvAnityevamupasaMhRtya paraH sAdharmyaNaiva prtyvtisstthte| niSkriya AtmA vibhuno dravyasya nisskriytvaat| vibhvAkAzaM niSkriya tathA cAtmA tasmAniSkriya iti| na jaba sthAna hI rItA nahIM bacA hai to vyApaka AtmA kriyA kahA~ kara sakatA hai| kriyA ko sAdhane vAle pahile pakSa aura kriyArahitapana ko sAdhane vAle dUsare pakSa, ina donoM bhI pakSoM meM koI vizeSatA ko siddha karane vAlA hetu nahIM hai| ata: pichalA pakSa vastutaH doSa nahIM hokara doSa ke sadRza dUSaNAbhAsa hai| kyoMki yaha pichalA kathana pahile kahe gaye sAdhya aura hetu kI vyApti ke viccheda karane kI sAmarthya ko nahIM rakhatA hai| usa sAdhya . aura sAdhana kI vyApti ke viccheda kA samarthana karanA jisake adhIna hai, usako loka aura zAstra meM doSa kahA gayA hai| ata: yaha prativAdI kA kathana sAdharmyasamA jAti svarUpa doSAbhAsa hai||324-328|| ____ AtmA ko kriyA sahitapanA sAdhya karane para kriyAhetuguNAzrayatva hetu kI apane niyata sAdhya ke sAtha jo vyApti hai, vaha vyApakapana hetu se AtmA kA kriyArahitapanA sAdhane para naSTa nahIM ho sakatI hai| aura jaba taka usa pahilI vyApti kA viccheda nahIM hogA, tabataka vaha uttaravartI kathana usa pUrva kathana kA dUSaNa nahIM samajhA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki sAdhya aura sAdhana kI vyApti ke viccheda kA samarthana karanA jisakA adhIna kArya hai, usako (kA) doSapane ke dvArA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai| aura usI prakAra nyAyabhASya ko karane vAle vAtsyAyana RSi ne svakIya bhASya meM kahA hai ki anvaya dRSTAnta ke sAdharmya ke dvArA hetu kA pakSa meM upasaMhAra karane para punaH prativAdI dvArA sAdhyadharma ke viparIta ho rahe dharma kI upapatti karane se sAdharmya ke dvArA dUSaNa uThAnA sAdharmyasama nAma kA pratiSedha hai| isa sAdharmyasama kA yaha udAharaNa hai ki AtmA (pakSa) kriyAvAn hai| (sAdhya) dravya ke ucita kriyA ke hetu guNoM kA samavAya sambandhavAlA hone se (hetu) jaise miTTI kA Dela yA kaMkar3a, patthara dravya kriyA ke hetu guNoM se samaveta kriyAvAn hai, usa prakAra adRSTa yA saMyoga, prayatna ina kriyA ke hetu guNoM kA dhAraka AtmA hai| yoM vAdI paNDita dvArA upasaMhAra kara cukane para dUsarA prativAdI sAdharmya karake hI dUSaNa uThA rahA hai ki AtmA niSkriya hai| kyoMki vibhudravya kriyArahita huA karate haiN| jaise vyApaka AkAza dravya kriyArahita hai, usI prakAra vyApaka dravya yaha AtmA hai| ata: - AtmA kriyA rahita hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 275 cAsti vizeSaH kriyAvatsAdharmyAt kriyAvatA bhavitavyaM, na punarniSkriyasAdhAt akriyeNeti vizeSahetvabhAvAtsAdharmyasamadUSaNAbhAso bhavatItyatra vArtikakAra evamAha-sAdharmyaNopasaMhAre tadviparItasAdharmyaNopasaMhAre tatsAdharmyaNa pratyavasthAnaM saadhrmysmH| yathA anityaH zabda utpattidharmakatvAt / utpattidharmakaM kuMbhAdyanityaM dRSTamiti vAdinopasaMhRte paraH pratyavatiSThate / yadyanityaghaTasAdhAdayamanityo nityenApyasyAkAzena sAdharmyamamUrtatvamastIti nityaprAptaH, tathA anityaH zabda utpattidharmakatvAt yatpunaranityaM na bhavati tannotpattidharmakaM yathAkAzamiti pratipAdite para: prtyvtisstthte| yadi nityAkAzavaidhAdanityaH zabdastadA sAdharmyamapyasyAkAzenAstyamUrtatvamato nityaH praaptH| atha satyapyetasmin sAdharmya na nityo bhavati, na tarhi vaktavyamanityaghaTasAdhAnnityAkAzavaidhAdvA anityaH zabda iti| seyaM jAti: vizeSahetvabhAvaM darzayati ___ isa prakAra ukta donoM siddhAntoM meM koI antara nahIM hai, jisase ki kriyAvAn Dela ke saddharmApana kriyAhetuguNAzrayatva se. AtmA kriyAvAn to ho jAya, kintu phira kriyArahita AkAza ke sAdharmya ho rahe vibhutva se niSkriya nahIM ho ske| isa prakAra koI vizeSa hetu ke nahIM hone se yaha sAdharmya sama nAmaka dUSaNAbhAsa ho jAtA hai| sAdharmyasamA jAti ke viSaya meM yahA~ nyAyavArtikakAraka paNDita gautama sUtra kA artha isa prakAra kahate haiM ki anvaya dRSTAnta kI sAmarthya se sAdharmya ke dvArA upasaMhAra karane para athavA vyatireka dRSTAnta kI sAmarthya se usa sAdhyadharma ke viparIta artha kA samAna dharmApana karake upasaMhAra kara cukane para punaH prativAdI dvArA usa sAdharmya karake dUSaNa uThAnA sAdharmyasama nAma kA pratiSedha hai| jaise ki zabda (pakSa) anitya hai (sAdhya) utpattinAmaka dharma ko dhAraNa karane vAlA hone se (hetu) jaise-utpatti nAmake dharma ke dhAraka ghar3A Adi padArtha anitya haiN| isa prakAra vAdI ke dvArA svakIya pratijJA kA upasaMhAra kiye jAne para dUsarA prativAdI pratyavasthAna de rahA hai ki anitya ghaTa ke sAdharmya se yadi yaha zabda anitya hai, taba to nitya AkAza ke sAtha bhI isa zabda kA sAdharmya amUrttapanA hai| apakRSTa pariNAma dhAraka dravyoM ko mUrta dravya kahate haiN| vaizeSikoM ke yahA~ pRthivI, jala, teja, vAyu aura mana ye pA~ca dravya hI mUrta mAne gaye haiN| zeSa AkAza, kAla; dizA, AtmA ye cAra dravya amUrta haiM / guNoM meM guNa nahIM rahate haiN| zabda nAmaka guNa meM parimANa yA rUpa Adika dUsare guNa nahIM pAye jAte haiN| ataH zabda aura AkAza donoM amUrta haiN| ata: amUrtapanA hone se AkAza ke samAna zabda ko nityapanA prApta hotA hai| yaha sAdharmya se upasaMhAra kiye jAne para sAdharmyasama kA eka prakAra huA tathA dUsarA prakAra viparIta sAdharmya ke dvArA upasaMhAra kiye jAne para hotA hai| jaise zabda anitya hai (pratijJA) utpattimAna dharma vAlA hone se (hetu) jo padArtha anitya nahIM hai, vaha utpatti dharma vAlA nahIM ho sktaa| jaise AkAza (vyatireka dRSTAnta) / isa prakAra vAdI dvArA pratipAdana kiyA jAne para dUsarA prativAdI pratyavasthAna (ulAhanA) detA hai ki nitya AkAza ke sAtha vaidharmya hone se yadi zabda anitya mAnA jAtA hai, taba to AkAza ke sAtha bhI isa zabda kA amUrtapanA sAdharmya hai| ata: zabda ko nityapanA prApta ho jAtA hai| phira bhI yadi koI isa prakAra kahe ki isa amUrtatva sAdharmya ke hone para bhI zabda nitya nahIM hotA hai, taba to hama kaheMge ki yoM to anitya ho rahe ghaTa ke sAdharmya se athavA nitya AkAza ke vaidharmya se zabda kA anityapanA bhI nahIM kahanA caahie|
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________________ - tattvArthazlokavArtika * 276 vizeSahetvabhAvAccAnaikAMtikacodanAbhAso gotvaadgosiddhivdutpttidhrmktvaadnitytvsiddhiH| sAdharmya hi yadanvayavyatireki gotvaM tasmAdeva gauH siddhyati na sattvAdestasya gorityatrAzvAdAvapi bhaavaadvytirekitvaat| evamagovaidharmyamapi gauH sAdhanaM naikazaphatvAdityasyAvyatirekitvAdeva puruSAdAvapi bhaavaat| gotvaM punargavi dRzyamAnamanvayavyatireki go: sAdhanamupapadyate tadvadutpattidharmakatvaM ghaTAdAvanityatve sati bhAvAdAkAzAdau isa prakAra vaha asat uttara svarUpa jAti (kartA) parIkSakoM ke sanmukha vizeSa hetu ke abhAva ko dikhalAtI hai| arthAt isa prakAra asamIcIna uttara ko kahane vAle prativAdI ke yahA~ apane nijapakSa kA sAdhaka koI vizeSa hetu nahIM hai aura vizeSa hetu ke nahIM hone se yaha prativAdI kA kathana vyabhicAra kI dezanA kA AbhAsa hai| arthAt jaba kriyA hetu guNAzrayatva hetu se AtmA meM kriyA siddha ho jAtI hai, to vibhutva hetu niSkriyatva ko sAdha nahIM sakatA hai| athavA utpatti dharmakatva hetu se zabda kA anityapanA siddha ho jAne para to amUrtatva hetu se zabdoM meM nityapanA sAdhA jAnA vyabhicAradoSagrasta hai| ukta donoM anumAna ke hetuoM meM satpratipakSa doSa nahIM hai| . phira bhI prativAdI dvArA satpratipakSa doSa diyA jA rahA hai| ata: yaha satpratipakSa dUSaNa kA AbhAsa hai| gotvahetu se gau kI siddhi ke samAna utpattidharma sahitatva hetu se anityapana sAdhya kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| anvaya aura vyatireka ke dhAraka gotva se hI gAya kI siddhi hotI hai| kintu anvaya vyatirekoM ko nahIM dhAraNa karane vAle sattva, prameyatva, kRtakatva Adi vyabhicArI hetuoM se gau kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai| kyoMki una sattva Adi hetuoM kA jisa prakAra yahA~ gau (bailoM) meM sadbhAva hai vaise hI ghor3A Adi vipakSoM meM bhI sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai| ataH sattva Adi hetuoM meM vyatirekIpanA nahIM banatA hai| isI prakAra gobhinna padArthoM kA vidharmApana bhI gau kA jJApaka hetu ho jAtA hai| sIMga aura sAsnA donoM se sahitapanA gobhinna kA vaidharmya hai| ata: sIMga, sAsnA, sahitapane se bhI gotva kI siddhi ho sakatI hai| kintu eka khurasahitapanA to gobhinna kA vaidharmya nahIM hai| go bhinna azva, gadhA, manuSya inameM bhI ekazaphasahitapanA vidyamAna hai| arthAt gAya, bhaiMsa bakarI ke do khura hote haiN| ghor3e, gadhe ke eka khura hotA hai| ata: puruSa, ghor3A, gadhA, hAthI Adi vipakSoM meM bhI eka khura sahitapana ke Thahara jAne se vaha hetu vyatireka ko dhArane vAlA nahIM hai| isI kAraNa eka khurasahitapanA, pazupanA, jIvatva Adi hetu gau ke sAdhaka nahIM haiN| jisa hetu meM gau kA sAdharmya aura agau (gau bhinna) kA vaidharmya ghaTita ho jAyegA, vaha sAdharmya vaidharmya prayukta gau kA sAdhaka hogaa| isI dRSTAnta ke anusAra prakaraNa meM vAdI ke yahA~ sAdharmya aura vaidharmya se upasaMhAra kara diyA jAtA hai| gaupanA to gAya bailoM meM hI dekhA jAtA hai| ata: usake hone para honA, usake nahIM hone para nahIM honA, isa prakAra anvaya vyatirekoM ko dhAraNa karane vAle gotva gAya (baila) kA jJApaka hetu ho jAtA hai| basa, usI ke samAna utpatti dharmasahitapana hetu bhI ghaTa, patra Adi sapakSoM meM bhI anityapane ke kAraNa vidyamAna 1. yahA~ (puruSAdau) manuSya meM nakha kI apekSA eka khura kahA hai| jisa prakAra gAya bhaiMsa ke eka paira meM do khura hote haiM vaise ghor3e, gadhe ke nahIM hote; unake eka hI khura hotA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 277 cA'nityatvAbhAve abhAvAdanvayavyatireki zabde samupalabhyamAnamanityatvasya sAdhanaM, na punaranityaghaTasAdharmyamAtrasattvAdinApyAkAzavaidharmyamAtramamUrtatvAdi tasyAnvayavyatirekitvAbhAvAt / tatastena pratyavasthAnamayuktaM dUSaNAbhAsatvAditi / etenAtmanaH kriyAvatsAdharmyamAtraM niSkriyavaidharmyamAnaM vA kriyAvattvasAdhanaM pratyAkhyAtamananvayavyatirekitvAt, anvayavyatirekiNa eva sAdhanasya sAdhyasAdhanasAmarthyAt / tatraiva pratyavasthAnaM vaidhyennopdrshyte| yaH kriyAvAnsa dRSTotra kriyaahetugunnaashryH||329|| yathA loSTho na vAtmaivaM tasmAniSkriya eva sH| pUrvavadUSaNAbhAso vaidharmyasama IkSyatAm // 330 // kriyAvAnAtmA kriyAhetuguNAzrayatvAlloSThavadityatra vaidhapeNa pratyavasthAnaM, yaH kriyAhetuguNAzrayo loSThaH rahatA hai| parantu nitya AkAza parama mahAparimANa Adi vipakSoM meM utpatti sahitapana hetu kA abhAva hone se unameM anityatva kA abhAva hai| isa prakAra anvaya vyatirekoM ko dhArane vAlA utpattidharma sahitapana hetu zabda meM dekhA jAtA hai| ataH anityatva kA sAdhaka hai| kintu phira anitya ghaTa ke sAtha sAdharmyamAtra ko dhArane vAle sattva, prameyatva, Adika vyabhicArI hetuoM ke dvArA zabda meM anityatva kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai| anvaya ghaTa jAne para bhI unameM vyatireka nahIM ghaTita hotA hai| vidharmapane ko prApta AkAza ke sAtha zabda kA amUrtatva Adi se sAdharmya hai| kintu sarvadA, sarvatra, vyatireka ke nahIM ghaTita hone para amUrtatva, acetanatva Adi hetu zabda ke nityapane ko sAdha nahIM sakate haiN| ata: usa anvaya vyatireka sahita ke nahIM ghaTita ho jAne se prativAdI dvArA yaha dUSaNa uThAnA yukta nahIM hai| kyoMki anvaya vyatirekoM ko nahIM dhAraNa karane vAle hetuoM kA sAdharmya vaidharmya nahIM bana pAtA hai| ataH prativAdI ke AkSepamAtra dUSaNAbhAsa haiN| isa ukta kathana se isakA bhI pratyAkhyAna kara diyA hai ki jo vidvAn kevala kriyAvAn padArthoM ke sAtha samAna dharmatva hone se AtmA ke kriyAvattva kA sAdhaka mAnate haiM, athavA kriyArahita padArthoM ke kevala vidharmatva ko AtmA ke kriyAvattva kA jJApaka hetu mAnate haiN| parantu ina kriyAvatsAdharmya aura niSkriya vaidharmya meM anvaya vyatirekoM kA sadbhAva nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| siddhAnta meM anvaya vyatireka vAle hetu ko hI sAdhya ko sAdhane meM samartha mAnA hai| AtmA kriyAvAn hai, kriyA ke hetubhUta guNa kA Azraya hone se, jaise ptthr| isa anumAna meM hI sAdhya ke vidharmatva se prativAdI dvArA dUSaNa dikhalAyA gayA hai| jo kriyA ke kAraNabhUta guNa kA Azraya dekhA gayA hai, vaha kriyAvAn avazya hai, jaise ki pheMkA jA rahA ptthr| kintu AtmA to isa prakAra kriyA ke kAraNabhUta guNa kA Azraya nahIM hai| ata: vaha AtmA kriyArahita hI hai| naiyAyika kahate haiM ki yaha prativAdI kA kathana bhI pUrva sAdharmyasama jAti ke samAna vaidharmyasama nAma kA doSAbhAsa hI hai| kyoMki kriyAvAn ke sAdharmya se AtmA kriyAvAn padArtha ke vaidharmya se AtmA kriyArahita nahIM hai| isameM koI vizeSa hetu nahIM hai- yaha prativAdI kA vaidharmyasama pratiSedha hai||329-330|| * AtmA calanA, mara kara anyatra sthAna meM jAkara janma lenA Adi kriyAoM se yukta hai| kyoMki vaha kriyA ke preraka hetu prayatna, puNya, pApa, saMyoga ina guNoM kA dhAraka hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 278 sa kriyAvAn paricchinno dRSTo na ca tathAtmA tasmAnna loSThavatkriyAvAniti niSkriya evetyrthH| so'yaM sAdharmyaNopasaMhAre vaidhayeNa pratyavasthAnAt vaidharmyasamaH pratiSedhaH pUrvavadrUSaNAbhAso veditvyH|| kA punarvaidharmyasamA jAtirityAha- . vaidhaye'NopasaMhAre sAdhyadharmaviparyayAt / vaidhayeNetareNApi pratyavasthAnamiSyate // 331 // yA vaidharmyasamA jAtiridaM tasyA nidarzanam / naro niSkriya evAyaM vibhutvAtsakriyaM punH||332|| vibhutvarahitaM dRSTaM loSThAdi na tathA nrH| tasmAniSkriya ityukte pratyavasthA vidhIyate // 333 // vaidhayeNaiva sA taavtkaishcinnigrhbhiirubhiH| karmabaMdhakriyAheturguNAdInAM samIkSitaM // 334 // jaise ki pheMkA huA patthara kriyA ke kAraNa saMyoga, vega, gurutva guNoM kA dhAraka hone se kriyAvAn hai| isa anumAna meM vaidharmya ke dvArA asat dUSaNa uThAyA jAtA hai ki jo kriyAhetuguNa kA Azraya patthara hai, vaha kriyAvAna hotA huA apakRSTa parimANavAlA parimita dekhA gayA hai| usa prakAra AtmA madhyaparimANa vAlA nahIM hai| ataH loSTha ke samAna kriyAvAn AtmA nahIM hai; AtmA kriyArahita hI hai, yaha artha prApta ho jAtA hai| naiyAyika kahate haiM ki yaha pratyavasthAna bhI sAdharmya se vAdI dvArA upasaMhAra kiye jAne para punaH prativAdI dvArA vaidharmya karake pratyavasthAna uThA dene se vaidharmyasama nAmakA pratiSedha hai| yaha bhI pUrva ke samAna dUSaNAbhAsa samajha lenA caahie| arthAt - jo doSa sAdhya aura sAdhana kI vyApti kA viccheda nahIM kara sakatA hai, vaha doSa nahIM hai, apitu doSAbhAsa hai| nyAyabhASya ke anusAra dUsare prakAra kI vaidharmyasamA jAti phira kyA hai? isa prakAra kI jijJAsA hone para AcArya kahate haiM ki vAdI dvArA vaidharmya se pakSa meM sAdhya vyApta hetu kA upasaMhAra kara dene para punaH prativAdI dvArA sAdhya dharma ke viparyaya kI upapatti ho jAne se vaidharmya aura usase dUsare ho rahe sAdharmya se bhI jo pratyavasthAna diyA jAtA hai vaha vaidharmyasamA jAti iSTa kI gayI hai| usakA dRSTAnta yaha hai ki yaha AtmA (pakSa) kriyArahita hI hai (sAdhya), kyoMki AtmA sarvatra vyApaka hai (hetu)| ___ jo bhI koI padArtha kriyAsahita hotA hai, vaha vyApaka nahIM hotA hai| jaise patthara Adi padArtha madhyama parimANa vAle avyApaka haiN| usa prakAra kA avyApaka AtmA nahIM hai| ata: AtmA kriyArahita hai| isa prakAra vAdI dvArA vaidharmya se upasaMhAra kaha cukane para nigraha sthAna se bhayabhIta kinhIM prativAdiyoM ke dvArA vaidharmya se hI jo dUSaNa denA rUpa kriyA kI jAtI hai ki AkAza dravya kriyAhetuguNoM se rahita dekhA gayA hai| isa prakAra kA AtmA dravya kriyAhetu guNarahita nahIM hai| ata: yaha AtmA kriyArahita nahIM hai, isa prakAra kI pratIti hotI hai| kriyAvAn ke vaidharmya se AtmA niSkriya to ho sakatI hai kintu kriyArahita ke vaidharmya se AtmA kriyAvAn nahIM ho sktii| isakA niyAmaka vAdI ke pAsa koI vizeSa hetu nahIM hai| isa prakAra vAdI dvArA vaidharmya se AtmA ke kriyArahitapana kA vibhutva hetu se upasaMhAra kara dene para prativAdI dvArA vaidharmya se AtmA ko sakriya sAdhane vAle vaidharmya sama kA udAharaNa hai| aba sAdharmya se prativAdI dvArA pratyavasthAna uThAye jAne kA udAharaNa kahA jAtA hai ki usa hI vAdI ke anumAna meM yAnI AtmA kriyArahita hai vyApaka
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 279 naivamAtmA tato nAyaM niSkriyaH saMpratIyate / sAdharyeNApi tatraivaM pratyavasthAnamucyate // 335 // kriyAvAneva loSThAdiH kriyaahetugunnaashryH| dRSTAstAdRksa jIvopi tasmAtsakriya eva sH||336|| iti saadhrmyvaidh-smyorduussnnodbhvaat| sdhrmtvvidhrmtvmaatraatsaadhyprsiddhitH||337|| athotkarSApakarSavardhyAvarNyavikalpasAdhyasamA sAbhAsA vidhIyatesAdhyadRSTAMtayordharmavikalpAdvayasAdhyatA / sadbhAvAcca matA jAtirutkarSeNApakarSataH // 338 // vAvarNyavikalpaizca sAdhyena ca samAH pthk| tasyAH pratIyatAmetalakSaNaM snnidrshnm||339|| hone se-yahA~ prativAdI dvArA sAdharmya se bhI isa prakAra pratyavasthAna kahA jAtA hai, kriyAvAn patthara Adi padArtha kriyAhetuguNoM ke AdhAra dekhe jAte haiM, usI prakAra vaha prasiddha AtmA bhI kriyA hetu guNoM kA Azraya hai| ata: vaha AtmA kriyAvAn hI hai| isameM koI vizeSatA nahIM hai ki vAdI ke dvArA kahe gaye kriyAvAn ke vaidharmya vibhutva se AtmA AkAza ke samAna niSkriya to ho jAya, kintu phira prativAdI ke dvArA kahe gaye kriyAvAn ke sAdharmya kriyA hetuguNAzrayatva se AtmA patthara ke samAna kriyAvAna nahIM ho, isa pakSapAta grasta niyama ko banAne ke lie vAdI ke pAsa koI vizeSa hetu nahIM hai| yaha sUtra aura bhASya ke anusAra pahile sAdharmyasamA aura aba vaidharmyasamA jAti kA udAharaNa sahita lakSaNa kaha diyA gayA hai| naiyAyika ina donoM jAtiyoM meM aneka dUSaNoM ke utpanna ho jAne se inako asat uttara mAnate haiN| kyoMki kisI ke kevala sadRza dharmApana yA visadRza dharmApana se hI kisI sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM ho jAtI hai| ataH prativAdI kA uttara prazaMsanIya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai|331-337|| ina do jAtiyoM ke nirUpaNa anantara aba gautamasUtra ke anusAra doSa AbhAsa sahita utkarSasamA, apakarSasamA, varNyasamA, avarNyasamA, vikalpasamA, sAdhyasamA-ina chaha jAtiyoM kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai| . sAdhya aura dRSTAnta ke vikalpa se arthAt pakSa aura dRSTAnta meM se kisI bhI eka meM dharma kI vicitratA se tathA ubhaya ke sAdhyapana kA sadbhAva ho jAne se utkarSasamA, apakarSasamA, varNyasamA, avarNyasamA, vikalpasamA, sAdhyasamA ye chaha jAtiyA~ pRthak-pRthak mAna lI gayI haiN| arthAt pakSa aura dRSTAnta ke dharma vikalpa se pahalI pA~ca jAtiyA~ hotI haiM aura pakSa, dRSTAnta donoM ke hetu Adi dharmoM ko sAdhyapanA karane se chaTThI sAdhya samAjAti hotI hai| prakRta meM sAdhya aura sAdhana meM se kisI bhI eka vikalpa ke sadbhAva se avidyamAna ho rahe dharmapakSa meM Aropa karanA utkarSasamA hai| - apakarSasamA jAti meM sAdhya aura dRSTAnta ke sahacarita dharma kA vikalpa yAnI asattva dikhAyA jAtA hai| hetu aura sAdhya meM se anyatara ke abhAva kA prasaMga denA apakarSasamA jAti hai| dRSTAnta meM sAdhya dharma kI vikalatA aura sAdhana dharma kI vikalatArUpa dezanAbhAsa jAti hai| isa prakAra sAdhya dharma kA saMdeha ho jAne se sAdhya aura dRSTAnta meM dharma ke vikalpa se yaha pA~ca jAtiyoM kA mUla lakSaNa yahA~ bhI ghaTita ho jAtA hai| sAdhya ke varNyatva ko (pakSa ke saMdigdha sAdhyakatva ko) dRSTAnta meM ApAdana karanA varNyasamA jAti hai| avarNyasamA meM jaise ghaTa Adi khyApanIya nahIM haiM vaise hI zabda bhI avarNya hai| koI vizeSatA nahIM hai| isa
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 280 yadAha, sAdhyadRSTAMtayordharmavikalpAdubhayasAdhyatvAccotkarSApakarSavardhyAvarNyavikalpasAdhyasamA iti / tatrotkarSasamA tAvallakSaNato nidarzanatazcApi vidhIyatedRSTAMtadharmaM sAdhyArthe samAsaMjayataH smRtaa| tatrotkarSasamA yatkriyAvajIvasAdhane // 340 // kriyAhetuguNAsaMgI yadyAtmA losstthvttdaa| tadvadeva bhavedeSa sparzavAnanyathA na sH||341|| dRSTAMtadharmaM sAdhye samAsaMjayataH smRtotkarSasamA jAti: svayaM, yathA kriyAvAnAtmA kriyAhetuguNayogAlloSThavat ityatra kriyAvajjIvasAdhane prokte sati paraH prtyvtisstthte| yadi kriyAhetuguNAsaMgI pumAMlloSThavattadA loSThavadeva sparzavAn bhvet| atha na sparzavAMlloSThavadAtmA kriyAvAnapi na sa syAditi viparyaye vA vizeSo vAcya iti|| prakAra sAdhya (zabda Adi pakSa) meM dRSTAnta vRtti hetu kA sarvathA sAdRzya ApAdana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha avarNya samA jAti hai| isI prakAra pA~cavIM sAtavIM (pahilI se) vikalpa samA jAti meM to mUla lakSaNa yoM ghaTAnAM cAhie ki pakSa aura dRSTAnta meM jo dharma usakA vikalpa yAnI viruddha kalpa vyabhicArIpana Adi se prasaMga denA hai, vaha vikalpasamA ke utthAna kA bIja hai| cAhe jisa kisI bhI dharma kA kahIM bhI vyabhicAra dikhalA karake dharmapana kI avizeSatA se prakaraNa prApta hetu kA bhI prakaraNaprApta sAdhya ke sAtha vyabhicAra dikhalA denA vikalpasamA hai| chaTThI yA AThavIM sAdhyasamA jAti ke sAdhyadharma kA dRSTAnta meM prasaMga dene se athavA pakSa aura dRSTAnta donoM ke dharma hetu Adi ke sAdhyapana se uThA dI jAtI hai| usakA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai ki jaise : ghaTa hai, vaisA zabda hai, taba to jaisA yaha zabda hai, taisA ghaTa bhI anitya ho jaae| isa prakAra naiyAyikoM ke yahA~ utkarSa, apakarSa, varNya, avarNya, vikalpa aura sAdhya sama pRthak-pRthak chaha jAtiyA~ haiN| unakA lakSaNa dRSTAnta sahita samajha lenA cAhie // 338-339 / / nyAya sUtrakAra gautama ne utkarSasamA Adi chaha jAtiyoM ke viSaya meM jo sUtra kahA hai ki sAdhya aura dRSTAnta meM dharma kA vikalpa karane se athavA ubhaya ko sAdhyapanA karane se utkarSasamA, avarNyasamA, vikalpasamA, sAdhyasamA-isa prakAra chaha jAtiyoM kA lakSaNa bana jAtA hai| una chaha meM prathama utkarSasamA jAti kA lakSaNa aura dRSTAnta se bhI aba vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai| nyAyabhASyakAra utkarSasamA kA lakSaNa dRSTAnta sahita kahate haiM ki dRSTAnta ke dharma ko sAdhyarUpa artha meM prasaMga karAnA utkarSasamA jAti kahI gayI hai| jaise jIva ko kriyAvAn sAdhane para yaha prasaMga uThAyA jAtA hai ki hetu guNoM kA sambandhI AtmA yadi loSTa samAna kriyAvAn hai, to usI loSTa ke samAna yaha AtmA sparza guNa vAlA bhI prApta ho jAtA hai| anyathA AtmA loSTa ke samAna yadi sparzavAn nahIM hai, to vaha AtmA loSTa ke samAna kriyAvAn bhI nahIM ho skegaa| yaha utkarSasamA jAti hai||340-341|| ___ dRSTAnta ke atirikta dharma kA sAdhya meM prasaMga dene vAle prativAdI ke Upara svayaM utkarSasamA jAti hai| jaise ki AtmA (pakSa) kriyAvAn hai (saadhy)| kriyA ke sampAdaka kAraNa guNoM kA saMsargI hone se (hetu) uchalate, girate hue, loSTa ke samAna (anvydRssttaant)| isa prakAra yahA~ anumAna meM vAdI dvArA jIva ke
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 281 kA punarapakarSasametyAhasAdhyadharmiNi dharmasyAbhAvaM dRSTAMtato vadan / apakarSasamAM vakti jAtiM tatraiva sAdhane // 342 // loSThaH kriyAzrayo dRSTo'vibhuH kAmaM tathAstu nA / tadviparyayapakSe vA vAcyo heturvizeSakRt // 343 // tatraiva kriyAvajjIvasAdhane prayukte sati sAdhyadharmiNi dharmasyAbhAvaM dRSTAMtAt samAsaMjayan yo vakti sopakarSasamAjAtiM vdti| yathA loSThaH kriyAzrayo'sarvagato dRSTastadvadAtmA sadApyasarvagatostu viparyayairvA vizeSakRddheturvAcya iti // vAvarNyasamau pratiSedhau kAvityAhakriyAsahitapana kA sAdhana kaha cukane para dUsarA prativAdI pratyavasthAna uThAtA hai ki kriyA hetu guNoM kA sambandhI AtmA yadi loSTa ke samAna kriyAvAn hai, to loSTa ke samAna hI sparzavAn honA caahie| aba vAdI yadi AtmA ko patthara ke samAna sparzavAn nahIM mAnatA hai, taba to vaha AtmA usI prakAra kriyAvAn bhI nahIM ho skegaa| aisI dazA meM bhI yadi vAdI AtmA ko kriyAvAn to svIkAra kare parantu sparzavAn svIkAra nahIM kare to isa viparIta mArga ke avalamba lene vAle usa vAdI ko koI vizeSa hetu kahanA caahie| phira yaha apakarSasamA jAti kyA hai? aisI jijJAsA hone para AcArya kahate haiM - sAdhane yogya sAdhyaviziSTa dharmI meM dRSTAnta kI sAmarthya se avidyamAna dharma ke abhAva ko kahane vAlA prativAdI apakarSasamA nAma kI jAti ko kaha rahA hai| jaise usI prasiddha anumAna meM AtmA kA kriyAsahitapanA vAdI dvArA siddha karane para dUsarA prativAdI pratyavasthAna uThAtA hai ki kriyA kA Azraya patthara avyApaka (avibhu) dekhA gayA hai| usI prakAra AtmA bhI tumhAre manonukUla avyApaka ho jaayegaa| yadi tumako viparIta pakSa abhISTa hai, arthAt patthara dRSTAnta kI sAmarthya se AtmA meM akelI kriyA to mAnI jAe, kintu avyApakapanA nahIM mAnA jAe, isameM vizeSatA ko karane vAlA koI hetu kahanA caahie| vizeSaka hetu ke nahIM kahane para AtmA kA avyApakapanA miTa nahIM skegaa||342-343 // .. parArthAnumAna meM vAdI dvArA samIcIna yA asamIcIna hetu ke dvArA kriyAvAna jIva ke sAdhane kA prayoga prApta hone para jo prativAdI sAdhya dharmI meM dharma ke abhAva ko dRSTAnta se prasaMga kara kaha rahA hai, vaha apakarSa samAjAti ko kahatA hai| jaise loSTa kriyAvAn hai, isalie avyApaka hai, usI ke samAna AtmA bhI sarvadA asarvagata hogaa| athavA viparIta mAnane para koI vizeSatA ko karane vAlA kAraNa batalAnA par3egA jisase ki patthara kA eka dharma to AtmA meM milatA rahe, aura (patthara kA) dUsarA (dharma) AtmA meM nahIM Thahara ske| . aba varNyasama aura avarNyasama pratiSedha kauna hai? aisI jijJAsA hone para ina do pratiSedhoM (jAti) ko AcArya kahate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 282 khyApanIyo mato varNya: syAdavaryo vipryyaat| tatsamA sAdhyadRSTAMtadharmayoratra saadhne||344|| viparyAsanato jAtirvijJeyA tadvilakSaNA / bhinnalakSaNatAyogAtkathaMcitpUrvajAtivat // 345 // khyApanIyo varNyastadviparyayAdaMkhyApanIyaH punaravarNyastena vayenAvaNyena ca samA jAtirvarNyasamAvarNyasamA ca vijnyeyaa| atraiva sAdhane saadhydRssttaaNtdhrmyorvipryaasnaat| utkarSApakarSasamAbhyAM kutonayorbheda iti cet, lakSaNabhedAt / tathAhi-avidyamAnadharmavyApaka utkarSaH vidymaandhrmaapnyo'krssH| varNyastu sAdhyo'vo'sAdhya iti, tatprayogAjAtayo vibhinnalakSaNA: sAdharmyavaidharmyasamavat // caturaMgavAda meM kathana karane yogya ko varNya kahA jAtA hai aura khyApanIya ke viparyaya se jo avarNanIya dharma hai, vaha avarNya mAnA jAtA hai| jaise ki yahA~ anumAna meM jIva kA kriyAsahitapanA sAdhane para sAdhya aura dRSTAnta ke dharmoM kA viparyAsa kara dene se usa varNya ke aura avarNya ke sama yAnI pratiSedha ko prApta ho rahI varNyasamA aura avarNyasamA jAti samajhanI caahie| ye donoM jAtiyA~ usa utkarSasamA aura apakarSasamA se vibhinna vilakSaNa haiN| kyoMki kathaMcit bhinna-bhinna lakSaNoM kA sambandha ho jAne se pUrva kI sAdhyasamA vaidharmyasamA jAtiyA~ ina utkarSasamA, apakarSasamA se vibhinna haiN||344-345|| khyApanIya ko varNya kahate haiM aura usake viparIta hone se akhyApanIya avarNya kahA gayA hai| usa varNya aura avarNya ke dvArA jo samIkaraNa karane ke lie prayoga hai, vaha varNyasamA aura avarNyasamA jAti jAna lenI caahie| yahA~ AtmA kriyAvAn hai, aisA sAdhana karane para sAdhya aura dRSTAnta ke dharma ke viparIta ukta jAtiyA~ ho jAtI haiN| ina jAtiyoM kA pahile utkarSasamA aura apakarSasamA se bheda kisa kAraNa se hai? isa prakAra pUchane para naiyAyika uttara dete haiM ki lakSaNoM kA bheda hone se inameM bheda prasiddha hai| jaise, pakSa meM avidyamAna dharma ko pakSa meM vyApta karane kA prasaMga denA utkarSa hai| aura vidyamAna dharma kA pakSa meM se alaga kara denA apakarSa hai| kintu varNya sAdhane yogya hotA hai aura avarNya asAdhya hai| arthAt dRSTAnta meM saMdigdhasAdhya sahitapane kA ApAdana karanA varNyasamA hai| aura pakSa meM asaMdigdha sAdhyasahitapane kA prasaMga denA avarNyasamA hai| isa prakAra inameM aMtara hai| una bhinna lakSaNoM kA prakRSTa sambandha ho jAne se jAtiyA~ bhI bhinna-bhinna aneka lakSaNoM kI dhAraka huI sAdharmyasama aura vaidharmyasama ke samAna pRthak-pRthak mAnI jAtI haiM! sAdhana dharma se yukta dRSTAnta meM dharmAntara ke vikalpa se sAdhyadharma ke vikalpa kA prasaMga denA vidvAnoM ne vikalpasamA jAti kahI hai| usakA dRSTAnta-kriyAhetu guNoM se yukta koI eka guru (bhArI) padArtha dekhA jAtA hai, jaise patthara tathA kriyAhetu guNa ke Azraya koI-koI padArtha guru nahIM dekhA jAtA hai, apitu laghu (halkA) dekhA jAtA hai jaise vAyu, usI ke samAna koI padArtha kriyAhetuguNAzraya hone se kriyAvAna ho jAyeMge, jaise ki loSTa Adi haiN| aura koI kriyAhetuguNAzraya hote hue bhI kriyArahita bana jAyegA, jaise ki aatmaa| yaha yukta pratIta hotA hai| yadi isameM koI vizeSatA hai to usa vizeSa hetu kA nivedana karanA caahie| anyathA usakI bAta nahIM mAnI jA skegii|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika *283 sAdhyadharmavikalpaM tu dhrmaaNtrviklptH| prasaMjayata iSyeta vikalpena samA budhaiH // 346 // kriyAhetuguNopetaM kiMcidguru smiikssyte| paraM laghu yathA loSTo vAyuzceti kriyAzrayaM // 347 // kiMcittadeva yujyeta yathA loSThAdi nisskriyN| kiMcinna syAdyathAtmeti vizeSo vA nivedytaam||348|| vizeSo vikalpo sAdhyadharmasya vikalpaH sAdhyadharmavikalpastaM dharmAMtaravikalpAtprasaMjayatastu vikalpasamA jAti: tatraiva sAdhane prayukte paraH prtyvtisstthte| kriyAhetuguNopetaM kiMcidguru dRzyate yathA loSThAdi, kiMcittu laghu samIkSyate yathA vAyuriti / tathA kriyAhetuguNopetamapi kiMcitkriyAzrayaM yujyate yathA loSThAdi, kiMcittu niSkriya yathAtmeti vAvarNyasamAbhyAmiyaM bhinnA tatraivaM pratyavasthAnAbhAvAt vAvarNyasamayoddevaM pratyavasthAnaM, yadyAtmA kriyAvAn varNya: sAdhyastadA loSThAdirapi sAdhyostu / atha loSThAdiravarNyastAtmApyavaryostu, vizeSo vA vaktavya iti| vikalpasamAyAM tu kriyAhetuguNAzrayasya gurulaghuvikalpavatsakriyaniSkriyatvavikalpostviti pratyavasthAnaM / atosau bhinnA // vAyu aura patthara kA halke, bhArIpana se dvaividhya mAnane vAle ko patthara aura AtmA kA sakriya, niSkriyapane se vaividhya mAnanA svata:prApta ho jAtA hai||346-348|| ___ vikalpasamA jAti meM sthita vikalpa zabda kA artha vizeSa hai| sAdhyadharma kA jo vikalpa hai, vaha sAdhya dharma vikalpa kahA jAtA hai, usa sAdhyadharma vikalpa ko anya dharma ke vikalpa se prasaMga kara pratyavasthAna uThAne vAle prativAdI ke vikalpasamA jAti lAgU ho jAtI hai| - jaise vahIM AtmA ke kriyAvattva ko sAdhane ke lie hetu kA prayoga kiye jAne para dUsarA prativAdI pratyavasthAna detA hai ki kriyAhetu guNa se yukta koI padArtha to bhArI dekhA jAtA hai, jaise patthara Adi aura, kriyAhetu guNoM se yukta koI-koI padArtha halkA dekhA jA rahA hai jaise vaayu| usI prakAra kriyAhetuguNoM se sahita koI padArtha to kriyAvAn hai, jaise ki patthara Adi tathA kriyAhetuguNa se upeta hotA huA bhI koI padArtha kriyArahita hai, jaise aatmaa| yaha vikalpasamA jAti huii| yaha vikalpasamA jAti pUrva racita varNyasamA aura avarNya samA jAtiyoM se pRthak hI hai| kyoMki vahA~ isa prakAra ke pratyavasthAna kA abhAva pAyA jAtA hai| varNyasamA, avarNyasamA meM bhinna prakAra kA pratyayasthAna hai ki AtmA kriyAvAn hai, kyoMki varNanIya hai| isa prakAra yadi sAdhya banAyA gayA hai to patthara Adi dRSTAnta bhI sAdhya banA lenA caahie| aba loSTa Adi to varNanIya nahIM haiM, to AtmA bhI akhyApanIya hogaa| athavA AtmA aura patthara meM koI viparItapana kI vizeSatA hai to usa vizeSa ko sabake sanmukha kahanA cAhie, kintu isa vikalpa samA meM to kriyAhetuguNoM ke adhikaraNa ho rahe dravyoM ke bhArIpana, halkApana vikalpoM ke samAna kriyAsahitapana aura kriyA rahitapana vikalpa hotA hai| isa prakAra pratyavasthAna (prazna) uThAyA gayA hai| isa kAraNa se yaha vikalpasamA jAti varNyasamA se bhinna hI hai| sAdhyasamA jAti phira kyA hai? aisI jijJAsA hone para AcArya kahate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 284 kA punaH sAdhyasametyAhahetvAdikAMgasAmarthyayogI dhrmovdhaaryte| sAdhyastameva dRSTAMte prasaMjayati yo naraH // 349 // tasya sAdhyasamA jAtirudbhAvyA tattvavittakaiH / yathA loSThastathA cAtmA yathAtmAyaM tathA na kim // 350 // loSThaH syAtsakriyazcAtmA sAdhyo loSThopi tAdRzaH / sAdhyostu neti celloSTho yathAtmApi tathA kthN||351 / / hetvAdyavayavasAmarthyayogI dharmaH sAdhyo'vadhAryate tameva dRSTAMte prasaMjayati yo vAdI tasya sAdhyasamA jaatistttvpriiksskairudbhaavniiyaa| tadyathA-tatraiva sAdhane prayukte paraH pratyavasthAnaM karoti yadi yathA loSThastathAtmA, tadA yathAtmA tathAyaM loSThaH syAt sakriya iti, sAdhyazcAtmA loSThopi sAdhyostu sakriyaH iti| atha loSThaH kriyAvAn na sAdhyastAtmApi kriyAvAn sAdhyo mA bhUt, vizeSo vA vaktavya iti / / kathamAsAM dUSaNAbhAsatvamityAha- . sAdhya meM sAdhya kA artha hetu, pakSa Adi anumAnAMgoM kI sAmarthya se yukta dharma nirNIta kiyA jAtA hai| usI sAdhya ko jo prativAdI manuSya dRSTAnta meM prasaMga dene kI preraNA karatA hai, jinake vidyA hI dhana hai, una manuSya ke dvArA athavA jo prakANDa tattvavettA vidvAn haiM, una karake sAdhyasamA jAti uThAnI caahie| vaha manuSya kahatA hai ki yadi jisa prakAra kA loSTa hai, usa prakAra kI AtmA hai to jaisA AtmA hai vaisA loSTa kyoM nahIM hogA? yadi AtmA kriyAvAn hotA huA sAdhya ho rahA hai, to patthara bhI usa prakAra kA kriyAvAn siddha kyoM nahIM kara liyA jAtA hai|349-350|| jisa prakAra yadi loSTa ko kriyAvAn sAdhane yogya nahIM kahoge, taba to usI prakAra AtmA bhI kaise kriyAvAn sAdhane yogya ho sakegA? arthaat-nhiiN| patthara to sakriya ho aura AtmA sakriya nahIM ho, aisA kaise ho sakatA hai||351|| nyAyabhASyakAra sAdhya kA artha yoM nirNIta karate haiM ki anumAna ke hetu, vyApti Adi avayavoM yA upAGgoM kI sAmarthya kA sambandhI ho rahA dharma sAdhya hai| usakA sama yAnI usI sAdhya kA jo vAdI dRSTAnta meM prasaMga de rahA hai to tattvoM kI parIkSA karane vAle vidvAnoM ke dvArA usa vAdI ke Upara sAdhyasamA jAti uThAnI caahie| usakA dRSTAnta isa prakAra hai ki vahA~ hI prasiddha anumAna meM AtmA ke kriyAsahitapane ko sAdhya karane ke lie hetu kA prayoga kara cukane para usase pRthak dUsarA vAdI pratyavasthAna kA vidhAna karatA hai ki jisa prakAra kA loSTa hai usI prakAra kA yadi AtmA hai, taba to jaisA AtmA hai vaisA yaha patthara kriyAsahita ho jaayegaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki yadi AtmA sAdhya hai to patthara bhI yatheccha kriyAsahita sAdhya ho jaayegaa| aba yadi patthara kriyAvAn sAdhya nahIM hai, to AtmA bhI kriyAvAn sAdhane yogya nahIM hove| AtmA yA patthara meM koI vizeSatA hai to vaha tumako yahA~ kahanI caahie| sAdhyasamA aura vaidharmyasamA jAtiyA~ dUSaNAbhAsa haiM, yaha pahile hI samajhA diyA gayA thaa| aba ina utkarSasamA Adi chala jAtiyoM kA dUSaNAbhAsapanA kisa prakAra hai? aisI ziSya kI jijJAsA hone para AcAryazrI kahate haiM -
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 285 dUSaNAbhAsatA tvatra dRssttaaNtaadismrthnaa| yukte sAdhanadharmepi pratiSedhamalabdhitaH // 352 // sAdhyadRSTAMtayordharmavikalpAdupavarNitAt / vaidhayaM gavi sAdRzye gavayena yathA sthite // 353 // sAdhyAtidezamAtreNa dRssttaaNtsyoppttitH| sAdhyatvAsaMbhavAccoktaM dRSTAMtasya na dUSaNaM / / 354 / / kriyAvAnAtmA kriyAhetuguNAzrayatvAlloSThavadityAdau dRSTAMtAdisamarthanayukte sAdhanadharme prayukte satyapi sAdhyadRSTAMtayordharmavikalpAdupavarNitAdvaidhahNa pratiSedhasya kartumalabdheH kiNcitsaadhaadupsNhaarsiddheH| tadAha nyAyabhASyakAra: - "alabhyaH siddhasya nihnavaH siddhaM ca kiMcitsAdhAdupamAnaM yathA gaustathA gavaya" iti / dUSaNasadRza dIkhanA dUSaNAbhAsa hai| inameM dRSTAnta Adi kI sAmarthya se yukta athavA vipakSa meM hetu kI vyAvRtti rUpa se pakSa meM hetu ke rahane rUpa samarthana aura dRSTAnta Adi se yukta samIcIna heturUpa dharma ko vAdI dvArA prayukta kiye jAne para bhI punaH sAdhya aura dRSTAnta ke vyAkhyAna meM kevala dharmavikalpa se to pratiSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| (gautamasUtra hai ki kucha thor3A sA dRSTAnta aura pakSa kA vyApti sahita sAdharmya mila jAne se vAdI dvArA upasaMhAra kI siddhi ho jAne se punaH prativAdI dvArA vyApti nirapekSa, usake vaidharmya se hI niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai|) jaise ki gAya meM gavaya (rojha) ke sAtha sAdRzya vyavasthita ho jAne para punaH kisI sAsnA dharma ke dvArA vidharmapanA to dharmavikalpa kA kucodya uThA nahIM sakate haiN| ataH utkarSasamA, apakarSasamA, varNyasamA, avarNyasamA, vikalpasamA, sAdhyasamA ye uThAye gaye dUSaNa samIcIna nahIM haiN| varNyasamA, avarNyasamA, sAdhyasamA, ina tIna jAtiyoM ke asat uttarapana ko puSTa karane vAlA dUsarA samAdhAna bhI hai| kevala sAdhya ke atideza mAtra se hI dRSTAnta kA dRSTAntapanA siddha ho cukA hai ataH dRSTAnta ko punaH sAdhyapanA asambhava hai| ata: prativAdI dvArA kahA gayA dRSTAnta kA dUSaNa ucita nahIM hai| dRSTAnta ke sabhI dharma pakSa meM nahIM milate haiN| vRttikAra ke anusAra ina do sUtroM ko chahoM jAtiyoM meM yA tIna jAtiyoM meM ghaTA lenA caahie||352-354|| AtmA kriyAvAn hai, kriyA ke hetu ho rahe guNoM kA Azraya hone se, patthara ke samAna yA zabda anitya hai, kRtaka hone se ityAdi anumAna vAkyoM meM dRSTAnta Adi sambandhI samarthana se yukta sAdhana dharma ke prayukta hone para bhI sAdhya aura dRSTAnta ke ukta varNana kiye gaye vikalpa se vaidharmya kara ke prativAdI dvArA pratiSedha kA karanA prApta nahIM hai| kyoMki kucha eka sadharmApana ke mila jAne se upasaMhAra pUrvaka sAdhya kI siddhi ho cukI hai| usI bAta ko nyAyabhASyakAra vAtsyAyana ne kahA hai - "kiMcitsAdhAdupasaMhAra siddhevaidhAdapratiSedhaH" isa sUtra ke bhASya meM alabhya se prArambha kara vaktumiti taka isa prakAra spaSTa kahate haiM ki siddhi prApta padArtha kA apalApa yA avizvAsa karanA alabhya hai, jaba ki kucha thor3e se sAdharmya se upamAna siddha ho cukA hai| jaise gau hai vaisA gavaya (rojha) hai| isa prakAra upamAna upameya bhAva bana cukane para aura gavaya ke dharmoM kA vikalpa uThAkara puna: kucodya kisI ke Upara nahIM dhakela diyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra dRSTAnta, vyApti, pakSadharmatA Adi kI sAmarthya se yukta ho rahe sAdhya, jJApaka hetu, svarUpa dharma ke prayukta ho cukane para punaH prativAdI dvArA sAdhya aura dRSTAnta ke dharmavikalpa se vaidharmya ke dvArA pratiSedha ko kaha nahIM skte|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 286 tatra na labhyo gogavayayodharmavikalpazcodayituM / evaM sAdhanadharme dRSTAMtAdisAmarthyayukte sati na labhyaH sAdhyadRSTAMtayodharmavikalAdvaidhAt pratiSedho vaktumiti / sAdhyAtidezamAtrAcca dRSTAMtasyopapatteH saadhytvaasNbhvaat| yatra hi laukikaparIkSakANAM buddherabhedastenAviparItorthaH sAdhye'tidizyate prjnyaapnaarthN| evaM ca sAdhyAtidezAd dRSTAMte kvacidupapadyamAne sAdhyatvamanupapannamiti / tthodyotkropyaah| dRSTAMtaH sAdhya iti vacanAsambhavAttAvatA bhavatA na dRSTAMtalakSaNaM vyajJAyi / dRSTAMto hi nAma darzanayorvihitayorviSayaH / tathA ca sAdhyamanupapannaM / atha darzana vihanyate tarhi nAsau dRSTAMto lkssnnaabhaavaaditi|| prAptyA yatpratyavasthAnaM jAtiH prAptisamaiva saa| aprAptyA punaraprAptisamA stsaadhnernne|355| yathAyaM sAdhayeddhetaH sAdhyaprAptyAnyathApi vaa| prAptyA cedygpdbhaavaatsaadhysaadhndhrmyoH|356|| prAptayoH kathamekasya hetutAnyasya sAdhyatA / yukteti pratyavasthAnaM prAptyA tAvadudAhRtam / 357 / sAdhya ke atideza mAtra se dRSTAnta kA dRSTAntatva bana jAtA hai| upamAna pramANa se jAnane yogya padArtha kI jJapti karane meM atidezavAkya sAdhaka hotA hai| prakaraNaprApta sUtra meM atideza zabda hai, sAmAnya rUpa se sAdhya kA atideza kara denA dRSTAnta meM paryApta hai| etAvatA dRSTAnta kA sAdhyapanA asambhava hai| kyoMki jisa padArtha meM laukika aura parIkSaka puruSoM kI buddhi kA abheda yAnI sAmya dikhalAyA jAtA hai, vaha dRSTAnta hai| usase aviparIta artha samajhAne ke lie sAdhya meM atideza kara diyA jAtA hai aura aisA hone para, sAdhya ke atideza se kisI eka vyakti kA dRSTAntapanA bana cukane para puna: usa dRSTAnta ko sAdhyapanA nahIM bana sakatA hai| isI bAta ko usa prakAra udyotakara bhI kahate haiM ki jo Apa prativAdI sAdhyasamA meM dRSTAnta ko hI sAdhya kaha rahe haiM, yaha ApakA kathana karanA asambhava hai| usa prakAra ke kathana se Apa dRSTAnta kA lakSaNa hI nahIM samajha pAye haiN| dRSTAnta nAma usakA nizcaya kiyA gayA hai jo pratyakSa Atmaka darzanoM kA viSaya hotA hai, vaha dRSTAnta hai - "dRSTaH anto yatra sa dRssttaantH|" jabaki darzanoM dvArA vAdI, prativAdI, sabhya puruSoM ke dRSTAnta pratyakSita ho gayA hai, usako sAdhya koTi meM lAnA asiddha hai| yadi dRSTAnta banAne ke lie darzana kA vighAta kiyA jAyegA, taba to dRSTAnta nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| hetu kI sAdhya ke sAtha prApti karake jo pratyavasthAna (ulAhanA) diyA jAtA hai, vaha prAptisamA jAti hai aura aprApti karake jo phira pratyavasthAna diyA jAtA hai, vaha aprAptisamA jAti hai| samIcIna hetu kA vAdI dvArA kathana kiye jA cukane para prativAdI doSa uThAtA hai ki yaha hetu kyA sAdhya ko prApta hokara sAdhya kI siddhi karAyegA? athavA dUsare prakAra se bhI? yAnI sAdhya ko nahIM prApta hokara hetu sAdhya kI siddhi karA degA? prathama pakSa anusAra sAdhya ke sAtha sambandha ho jAne rUpa prApti se yadi sAdhya kI siddhi mAnI jAyegI, taba to sAdhya aura hetu ina donoM dharmoM kA kAla eka sAtha hI sadbhAva ho jAne se unameM hetutva aura sAdhyatva ke niyAmaka kI vizeSatA kaise rahegI? sAdhya aura hetu jaba donoM hI eka sthAna meM prApta haiM, to unameM se eka ko hetupanA aura dUsare ko sAdhyapanA kaise yukta ho sakegA?
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 287 aprApya sAdhayetsAdhyaM hetushcetsrvsaadhnH| sostu dIpo hi nAprAptapadArthasya prkaashkH||358| ityaprAptyAvaboddhavyaM pratyavasthAnidarzanam / tAvetau dUSaNAbhAsau niSedhasyaivamatyayAt // 359 // prAptasyApi daMDAdeH kuNbhsaadhktekssyte| tathAbhicAramaMtrasyA prAptasyAsAtakAritA // 360 / / nanvatra kArakasya hetoH prAptasyAprAptasya ca daMDAderabhicAramaMtrAdezca svakAryakAritopadarzitA jJApakasya tu hetoH prAptasyAprAptasya vA svasAdhyA prakAzitA coditeti na saMgatirastIti kshcit| tdst| kArakasya jJApakasya vA'vizeSeNa pratikSepoyamityevaM jJApanArthatvAtkArakahetuvyavasthApanasya / tena jJApakopi hetuH kazcitprApta: __isa prakAra prativAdI dvArA prApti karake diye gaye pahile pratyavasthAna kA udAharaNa yahA~ taka diyA jA cukaa| aba dvitIya vikalpa anusAra aprAptisamA kA udAharaNa kahate haiN| vAdI kA hetu yadi sAdhya ko nahIM prApta hokara sAdhya kA sAdhaka hogA taba to sabhI hetu prakRta sAdhya ke sAdhaka ho jAyeMge arthAt vaha prakRtahetu akelA hI sabhI sAdhya ko siddha kara legaa| isa prasaMga ko dUra karanA vAdI dvArA aprApti kA pakSa lene para asambhava hai| loka meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki aprApta padArthoM kA dIpaka prakAzaka nahIM hai| isa prakAra aprApti karake pratyavasthAna denA yaha aprAptisamA jAti kA udAharaNa samajha lenA caahie| kintu yaha prativAdI kA uttara samIcIna nahIM hai| naiyAyika kahate haiM ki vastutaH vicArane para ye prAptisamA aura aprAptisamA donoM hI dUSaNAbhAsa haiN| kyoMki isa prakAra prativAdI dvArA pratiSedha karane kA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai, athavA prativAdI dvArA kiye gaye pratiSedha meM bhI prApti aura aprApti kA vikalpa uThAkara usa pratiSedha kI asiddhi karanA zakya ho sakatA hai tathA isa prakAra pratipakSa ko sAdhane vAle prativAdI kA hetu bhI asAdhaka ho jaayegaa| sAdhanIya ke sAtha prApta daNDa, cakra, kulAla Adi ko ghaTa kA sAdhakapanA dekhA jAtA hai| tathA mAraNa, uccATana Adi hiMsA karma karAne vAle abhicAra maMtroM ko aprApta hokara bhI zatru ke lie asAtA kA kArakapanA dekhA jAtA hai| arthAt yahA~ baiThe-baiThe hajAroM kosa dUra ke kAryoM ko maMtroM dvArA sAdhya kara liyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra prApta aura aprApta sabhI padArthoM kA anvaya vyatireka dvArA kAryakAraNa bhAva niyata hai| ataH prApti karake pratiSedha denA prativAdI kA anucita prayAsa hai||355-360 // zaMkA - isa sUtra meM prApta daNDa Adi aura aprApta uccATaka, mAraka, pIr3aka, abhicAra maMtra Adi ina kAraka hetuoM kA svakArya sAdhakapanA dikhalAyA gayA hai| kintu prativAdI ne to svakIya sAdhya ke sAtha prApta athavA aprApta jJApaka hetuoM kI svakIya sAdhya kI jJApakatA kA pratiSedharUpa pratyavasthAna dene kI preraNA kI thii| isa kAraNa dRSTAnta aura dArTAnta kI saMgati nahIM hai| isa prakAra koI kaha rahA hai| samAdhAna - naiyAyika kahate haiM ki yaha unakA kahanA satya nahIM hai| kyoMki prAk asat kAryoM ko banAne vAlA kAraka hetu ho athavA sat kI jJapti karAne vAlA jJApaka hetu ho, donoM meM koI vizeSatA nahIM karake hamane yaha prativAdI ke Upara AkSepa kiyA hai| isa bAta ko samajhAne ke lie yahA~ dRSTAnta dekara kAraka hetu kI vyavasthA kI gayI hai| kAraka hetu bhI vyavasthA ke jJApaka ho jAte haiN| aura jJApaka hetu bhI jJapti ke kAraka bana jAte haiN|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 288 svasAdhyasya jJApako dRSTo yathA saMyogI dhUmAdiH paavkaadeH| kazcidaprApto vizleSe, yathA kRttikodayaH zakaTodayasyetyapi vijnyaayte| athAyaM sarvopi pakSIkRtastarhi yena hetunA pratiSidhyate sopi pratiSedhako na syAdubhayathoktadUSaNaprasaMgAdityapratiSedhastato dUSaNAbhAsAvimau prtipttvyau|| vaktavyaM sAdhanasyApi sAdhanaM vAdineti tu| prasaMgavacanaM jAti: prasaMgasamatAM gatA // 361 // kriyAhetuguNopetaH kriyAvAMlloSTha iSyate / kuto hetorvinA tena kasyacinna vyavasthitiH // 362 // evaM hi pratyavasthAnaM na yuktaM nyAyavAdinAM / vAdinoryatra vA sAmyaM tasya dRSTAMtatAsthitiH / 363 / . ataH koI-koI jJApaka hetu bhI prApta hokara apane niyata sAdhya kA jJApaka dekhA jAtA hai| jaise agni ke sAtha saMyoga sambandha kA dhAraka dhUma hetu yA rUpa ke sAtha ekArthasamavAya kA dhAraka rasa hetu Adi bhI agni, rUpa Adi ke jJApaka haiN| tathA daizika yA kAlika vibhAga ho jAne para koI-koI hetu aprApta hokara bhI svakIya sAdhya kA jJApaka jAnA jAtA hai| jaise ki kRttikA kA udaya / yaha hetu muhUrta pIche zakaTa ke udaya kA sAdhakaH / ho jAtA hai| isa jJApaka hetuoM kI prApti aura aprApti se svasAdhya ke prati sAdhakatA bhI samajha lenI caahie| kyoMki aba to dRSTAnta aura dArTAnta sarvathA viSama nahIM rhe| yadi prativAdI kA pakSapAta karane vAlA koI vidvAn yaha kahe ki yaha saba bhI pakSa koTi meM kara liyA jaaegaa| arthAt dhUma prApta hokara yadi agni kA prakAzaka hai, to dhUma aura agni donoM meM se eka kA sAdhyapana aura dUsare kA hetupana kaise yukta ho sakatA hai? tathA aprApta kRtikodaya yadi rohiNI udaya ko sAdha degA, to sabhI aprAptoM kA vaha sAdhaka bana jAyegA, isa prakAra yahA~ bhI prAptisamA, aprAptisamA jAtiyA~ uThAyI jA sakatI haiM aura jisa hetu se vAdI ko abhipreta sAdhya kA prativAdI dvArA pratiSedha kiyA jAyegA, vaha prativAdI kA hetu bhI pratiSedha karane vAlA nahIM ho skegaa| kyoMki yahA~ bhI prApti aura aprApti ke vikalpa uThAkara donoM prakAra se vaise hI dUSaNa uThA dene kA prasaMga aayegaa| isa kAraNa prativAdI dvArA pratiSedha nahIM ho skegaa| ata: siddha huA ki ye prAptisamA aura aprAptisamA donoM dUSaNAbhAsa haiN| aisA samajha lenA caahie| aba prasaMgasamA jAti kA lakSaNa kahate haiM - vAdI ne jisa prakAra sAdhya kA sAdhana kahA hai, vaise hI sAdhana kA bhI sAdhana karanA yA dRSTAnta kI bhI siddhi karanA vAdI ko kahanA caahie| isa prakAra prativAdI dvArA jo prasaMga kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai vaha prasaMgapane ko prApta prasaMgasamA jAti hai||361|| kriyA ke hetubhUta guNoM kA sambandha rakhane vAlA patthara kriyAvAn kisa hetu se mAnA jAtA hai? usa hetu ke binA to kisI bhI prameya kI vyavasthA nahIM ho sakatI hai||362|| nyAya pUrvaka kathana karane vAle paNDitoM ko isa prakAra dUSaNa uThAnA yukta nahIM hai| ___ kyoMki jisa padArtha meM vAdI athavA prativAdiyoM ke vicAra sama hote haiM, usakA dRSTAntapanA pratiSThita kiyA jAtA hai aura prasiddha dRSTAnta kI sAmarthya se vAdI dvArA prativAdI ke prati asiddha sAdhya kI jJapti karA dI jAtI hai| jaise ki rUpa yA rUpavAn ko dekhanA cAhane vAle puruSoM ke dIpaka, Aloka Adi kA grahaNa karanA pratIta hotA hai| kintu svayaM prakAzita pradIpa Adi kA dekhanA cAhane vAle puruSoM ko punaH usake lie
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 289 yathArUpaM didRkSUNAM dIpAdAnaM prtiiyte| svayaM prakAzamAnaM tu dIpaM dIpAMtarAgrahAt // 364 // tathA sAdhyaprasiddhyarthaM dRSTAMtagrahaNaM mataM / prajJAtAtmani dRSTAMte tvaphalaM sAdhanAMtaram // 365 / / pratidRSTAMtarUpeNa prtyvsthaanmissyte| pratidRSTAMtatulyeti jAtistatraiva sAdhane // 366 / / kriyAhetuguNopetaM dRSTamAkAzamakriyaM / kriyAheturguNo vyomni saMyogo vAyunA saha // 367 / / saMskArApekSaNo yadvatsaMyogastena paadpe| sa cAyaM dUSaNAbhAsaH sAdhanApratibaMdhakaH // 368 / / sAdhakaH pratidRSTAMto dRSTAMtopi hi hetunaa| tena tadvacanAbhAvAt sadRSTAMtostu hetukaH // 369 // anya dIpakoM kA grahaNa karanA nahIM dekhA gayA hai; usI prakAra ajJAta sAdhya kI prasiddhi ke lie dRSTAnta kA grahaNa mAnA gayA hai| kintu jisa dRSTAnta kA AtmasvarUpa sabako jJAta ho cukA hai, usako anya sAdhanoM se sAdhanA vyartha hai, yahA~ AtmA ke kriyAsahitapana sAdhya kI siddhi karAne ke lie prasiddha patthara ko dRSTAnta rUpa se grahaNa kiyA thaa| kintu phira usa patthara kI siddhi ke lie hI to anya jJApaka hetuoM kA kathana karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| vAdI prativAdI donoM ke samAna rUpa se avivAdAspada dRSTAnta ko dRSTAntapanA ucita hai| usake lie anya hetu uThAnA niSphala hai||363-364-365|| vAdI dvArA kahe gaye dRSTAnta ke pratikUla dRSTAntasvarUpa se prativAdI dvArA jo dUSaNa uThAyA jAtA hai, vaha pratidRSTAntasamA jAti kahI gayI hai| usa hI AtmA ke kriyAvattva sAdhane meM prayukta kiye gaye dRSTAnta ke pratikUla dRSTAnta se dUsarA prativAdI pratyavasthAna detA hai ki kriyA ke hetubhUta guNa se yukta AkAza to niSkriya dekhA gayA hai| usa hI ke samAna AtmA bhI kriyArahita hogaa| vAyu ke sAtha AkAza kA jo saMyoga hai, vaha kriyA kA kAraNa guNa hai| jaise ki vega nAmaka saMskAra kI apekSA rakhatA huA, vRkSa meM vAyu kA saMyoga kriyA kA kAraNa hai, usI "vAyu vanaspatisaMyoga" ke samAna vAyu AkAza kA saMyoga hai| saMyoga dviSTha hotA hai| ataH AkAza ke samAna AtmA kriyA hetu guNa ke sadbhAva hone para bhI kriyArahita hai| aba siddhAntI kahate haiM ki yaha prativAdI kA kathana dUSaNAbhAsa hai| kyoMki vAdI ke kriyAvattva sAdhane kA koI pratibandhaka nahIM hai| pratidRSTAnta ko kahane vAle prativAdI ne bhI koI vizeSa hetu nahIM kahA hai ki merA pratidRSTAnta to niSkriyatva kA sAdhaka hai aura vAdI kA dRSTAnta sakriyatva kA sAdhaka nahIM hai| pratidRSTAntabhUta AkAza yadi niSkriyatva kA sAdhaka mAnA jAyegA, to vAdI kA patthara dRSTAnta bhI usa kriyA hetu guNAzrayatva hetu se sakriyatva kA sAdhaka hogaa| aisI dazA meM pratidRSTAnta ke nirUpaNa kA abhAva ho jAne se vaha patthara dRSTAnta hI heturahita ho jaayegaa| arthAt-pratidRSTAnta jaise hetu ke binA hI svapakSa kA sAdhaka hai, anyathA anavasthA hogI, vaise dRSTAnta patthara bhI kriyAvattva kA svataH sAdhaka hai| ata: vaha patthara hI prativAdI kA bhI dRSTAnta ho sakatA hai aura AtmA ke kriyAvattva kA svataH sAdhaka hai| ata: yaha pratidRSTAntasamA jAti asamIcIna dUSaNa hai||366-367-368-369 //
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 290 evaM hyAha, dRSTAMtasya kAraNAnapadezAt pratyavasthAnAcca pratidRSTAMtena prsNgprtidRssttaaNtsmau| tatra sAdhanasyApi dRSTAMtasya sAdhanaM kAraNaM pratipattau vAcyaprasaMgena pratyavasthAnaM prasaMgasamaH pratiSedhaH tatraiva sAdhane kriyAhetuguNayogAt kriyAvAMlloSTha iti hetu padizyate, na ca hetumaMtareNa ksycitsiddhirstiiti| soyameva vadaddUSaNAbhAsavAdI nyAyavAdinAmevaM pratyavasthAnasyAyuktatvAt / yatra vAdiprativAdinoH buddhisAmyaM tasya dRssttaaNttvvyvsthiteH| yathA hi rUpaM didRkSUNAM pradIpopAdAna pratIyate na punaH svayaM prakAzamAnaM pradIpaM didRkSUNAM teSAM tdgrhnnaat| tathA sAdhyasyAtmanaH kriyAvattvasya prasiddhyarthaM dRSTAMtasya loSThasya grahaNamabhipretaM na punardRSTAMtasyaiva prasiddhyarthaM sAdhanAMtarasyopAdAnaM prajJAtasvabhAvadRSTAMtatvopapatteH tatra saadhnaaNtrsyaaphltvaat| tathA pratidRSTAMtarUpeNa pratyavasthAnaM pratidRSTAMtasamA jAtistatraiva sAdhane prayukte kvacit pratidRSTAMtena pratyavatiSThate kriyAhetuguNAzrayamAkAzaM niSkriyaM dRssttmiti| kaH punarAkAzasya kriyAheturguNasaMyogo vAyunA saha, sa ca saMskArApekSo dRSTo yathA pAdape isI prakAra gautama RSi ne nyAyadarzana meM sUtra kahA hai ki "sAdhyasiddhi meM upayogI dRSTAnta ke. kAraNa kA vizeSa kathane nahIM karane se pratyavasthAna dene kI apekSA prasaMgasama pratiSedha ho jAtA hai aura pratikUla dRSTAnta ke upAdAna se pratidRSTAntasama pratiSedha ho jAtA hai| usa sUtra ke bhASya meM vAtsyAyana ne kahA hai ki sAdhya ke sAdhaka dRSTAnta kI pratipatti ke nimitta sAdhana (kAraNa) kahanA caahie| isa prakAra prasaMga karake prativAdI dvArA pratyavasthAna (dUSaNa) uThAyA jAnA prasaMgasama nAma kA pratiSedha hai| jaise ki anumAna meM kriyA hetuguNa ke yoga se AtmA kA kriyAvattva sAdhana karane para loSTa dRSTAnta diyA thaa| kintu patthara ko kriyAvAn sAdhane meM to koI isa prakAra hetu nahIM kahA gayA hai| aura hetu ke binA kisI bhI sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM ho pAtI hai| isa prakAra prativAdI kA dUSaNa hai| aba siddhAntI kahate haiM ki isa prakAra kahane vAlA prativAdI prasiddha rUpa se dUSaNabhAsa ko kahane kI Teva rakhane vAlA hai| nyAyapUrvaka kahane kA svabhAva rakhane vAle vidvAnoM ko isa prakAra pratyavasthAna denA samucita nahIM hai| yahA~ siddhAnta meM jahA~ vAdI prativAdiyoM kI yA laukika jana aura parIkSaka vidvAnoM kI buddhi sama ho rahI hai usa artha ko dRSTAntapanA vyavasthita hai| jisa prakAra rUpa ko dekhanA cAhane vAle puruSoM ko dIpaka grahaNa karanA pratIta ho rahA hai| kintu phira svayaM prakAzamAna pradIpa ko dekhanA cAhane vAle una manuSyoM ko anya dIpakoM kA grahaNa karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai, usI prakAra AtmA ke sAdhya svarUpa kriyAvattva kI prasiddhi ke lie loSTa dRSTAnta kA grahaNa karanA abhISTa kiyA gayA hai| kintu phira dRSTAnta ke lie anya hetuoM kA upAdAna karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| kyoMki prAya: sabhI ke yahA~ prasiddha rUpa se jAna liye gaye svabhAvoM ko dhArane vAle artha kA dRSTAntapanA mAnA jAtA hai| usa dRSTAnta meM bhI punaH anya sAdhanoM kA kathana karanA niSphala hai| tathA sAdhya ke pratikUla ko sAdhane vAle dUsare pratidRSTAnta ke dvArA pratyavasthAna denA pratidRSTAnta samA jAti hai| jaise ki vahA~ hI anumAna meM AtmA ke kriyAvattva ko sAdhane meM hetu prayukta kara dene para koI prativAdI pratikUla dRSTAnta ke dvArA pratyavasthAna uThA rahA hai ki kriyA hetuguNa kA Azraya ho rahA AkAzakriyArahita dekhA gayA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 291 vAyunA saMyoga: kAlatrayepyasaMbhavAdAkAze kriyaayaaH| kathaM kriyAheturvAyunA saMyoga iti na zaMkanIya, vAyunA saMyogena vanaspatau kriyAkAraNena prasiddhena samAnadharmatvAdAkAze vAyusaMyogasya, yattvasau tathAbhUtaH kriyAM na karoti tannAkAraNatvAdapi tu pratibaMdhanAnmahAparimANena / yathA maMdavAyunAnaMtAnAM loSThAdInAmiti / yadi ca kriyA daSTA kriyAkAraNa vAyasaMyoga iti manyase tadA sarvakAraNaM kriyAnameyaM bhavataH prAptaM / tatazca kasyacitkAraNasyopAdAnaM na prApnoti kriyArthinAM kimidaM kariSyati kiM vA na kariSyatIti sNdehaat| yasya puna: kriyAsamarthatvAdupAdAnaM isa pratyavasthAtA prativAdI kA tAtparya yaha hai ki kriyAhetu guNa kA Azraya AkAza jaise niSkriya hai, vaise hI kriyAhetuguNa kA Azraya ho rahA AtmA bhI niSkriya rhe| prazna - tumhAre dvArA svIkRta pratikUla dRSTAnta AkAza meM kaunasI kriyA kA hetuguNa hai? uttara - vAyu ke sAtha AkAza kA saMyoga ho rahA hai aura vaha saMskAra kI apekSA rakhatA huA kriyAhetuguNa dekhA gayA hai| jaise ki vAyu ke sAtha vRkSa meM ho rahA saMyoga nAmaka guNa usa vRkSa ke kampana kA kAraNa hai, usI vAyuvRkSa saMyoga ke samAna dharmavAlA vAyu AkAza saMyoga hai| saMyoga guNa do meM rahatA hai| vRkSavAyu kA saMyoga jaise vRkSa meM kriyA utpanna karatA hai usI ke samAna vAyu AkAza saMyoga bhI AkAza meM kriyA ko utpanna karAne kI yogyatA rakhatA hai parantu tInoM kAloM meM bhI AkAza meM kriyA kA honA asambhava hai| ata: vAyu ke sAtha vRkSa ke saMyoga ko vRkSa meM kriyA sampAdana kA kAraNa kaise kahA jA sakatA hai? yaha zaMkA nahIM karanI caahie| kyoMki vAyu ke sAtha vanaspati kA saMyoga to vRkSa meM kriyA kA kAraNa hotA huA prasiddha hai| AkAza meM vAyu ke sAtha saMyoga bhI usa vRkSa vAyu ke saMyoga kA samAnadharmA hai| arthAt-samAnadharma vAle vRkSa vAyu saMyoga aura AkAza vAyu saMyoga ke dvArA vRkSa meM jaise kriyA ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra AkAza meM (usa) saMyoga karake deza se dezAntara ho jAnA rUpa kriyA kyoM nahIM hotI hai? yadi kAraNa hai to kArya avazya honA caahie| ... isakA samAdhAna prativAdI kI ora se aisA diyA jAtA hai ki jo vaha vAyu AkAza saMyoga isa prakAra kriyA kA kAraNa hone para bhI vahA~ AkAza meM kriyA ko nahIM kara rahA hai, vaha akAraNapana se kriyA kA asampAdaka hai, yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie, kintu mahAparimANa ke dvArA AkAza meM kriyA utpanna hone kA pratibandha ho jAtA hai| jaise ki mandavAyu ke dvArA ananta patthara Adi meM kriyA nahIM ho pAtI hai| parantu AkAza meM kriyA kA kAraNa yadi vAyu saMyoga mAnA jAtA hai, to vahA~ kriyA ho jAnA dikha jAnA caahie| siddhAntI kahate haiM ki taba to yahA~ sabhI kAraNa apanI-apanI kriyA ke dvArA hI anumAna karane yogya ho skeNge| yahA~ prasaMga prApta hotA hai aura aisA ho jAne se arthakriyA ke abhilASI jIvoM ke kisI eka vizeSa kAraNa kA hI upAdAna karanA prApta nahIM hotA hai| cAhe koI bhI sAmAnya kAraNa hamArI abhISTa kriyA ko sAdha degaa| tumhAre matAnusAra sabhI kAraNa apanI kriyAoM ko karate hI haiM, to phira laukika janoM ko aneka kAraNoM meM isa prakAra jo saMzaya ho jAtA hai ki na jAne yaha kAraNa hamArI abhISTa kriyA ko karegA? athavA nahIM karegA? yaha sandeha kyoM huA? jisa zaMkAkAra ke yahA~ sabhI samartha kAraNa yA asamartha kAraNa Avazyaka
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 292 kAraNasya yuktaM tasya srvmaabhaati| atha kriyAkAraNavAyuvanaspatisaMyogasadRzo vA prakAzasaMyogonyazcAnyat kri yAkAraNamiti manyase, tarhi na kazciddhe turanaikAMtika: syAt / tathAhi / anityaH zabdo' mUrtatvAtsukhAdivadityatrAmUrtatvahetuH zabdo'nyonyazcAkAze tatsadRza iti kathamasyAkAzenAnaikAMtikatvaM sarvAnumAnAbhAvaprasaMgazca bhavet, anumAnasyAnyena dRSTasyAnyatra dRzyAdeva prvrtnaat| na hi ye dhUmadharmAH kvaciddhame daSTAsta eva. dhamAMtareSvapi dazyate tatsadazAnAM drshnaat| tato'nena kasyaciddhetoranaikAMtikatvamicchatA rUpa se yadi kriyA ko karane meM samartha haiM, taba to cAhe kisI bhI kAraNa ko grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki usake yahA~ sabhI kAraNa svayogya kriyAoM ko karane ke lie ucita pratIta hote haiM athavA jisa vicArazIla prativAdI ke yahA~ punaH kriyA ko karane meM samartha hone se usI vizeSa kAraNa kA upAdAna karanA mAnA jAtA hai, usake yahA~ to sabhI siddhAnta ucita ho sakate haiN| vAyu kA AkAza ke sAtha saMyoga kevala kriyA ke kAraNa vAyu vanaspati saMyoga se sAdRzya rakhatA hai| vastutaH bhinna hai arthAt kriyA kA kAraNa rUpa saMyoga pRthak hai aura kriyA ko nahIM karane vAlA saMyoga bhinna hai| ina donoM saMyogoM kI eka jAti nahIM hai| ata: prativAdI dvArA pratikUla dRSTAMtabhUta niSkriya AkAza ke dvArA pratyavasthAna denA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki isa prakAra mAnoge to koI bhI hetu anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa nahIM ho sktaa| isI bAta ko dRSTAMta dvArA spaSTa karate haiM ki zabda (pakSa) anitya hai (sAdhya), amUrta hone se (hetu), sukha, ghaTa, icchA Adi ke samAna (anvaya dRSTAnta) isa anumAna meM diye gaye amUrttatva hetu kA vyabhicAra sthala AkAza mAnA gayA hai| kintu tumhAre vicArAnusAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki zabda meM rahane vAlA amUrttatva hetu bhinna hai aura AkAza meM usa amUrtatva ke sadRza dUsarA bhinna amUrtatva hai| aisI dazA meM isa amUrttatva hetu kA AkAza ke dvArA vyabhicArIpanA kaise batAyA jA sakatA hai? vahI zabdaniSTha amUrtatva yadi AkAza meM raha jAtA, taba to vyabhicAra diyA jA sakatA thaa| tumane jaise vAyuvRkSa saMyoga aura vAyu AkAza saMyoga inakI bhinna-bhinna jAti kara dI hai, vaise hI amUrttatva bhI bhinna-bhinna hai, to phira kevala zabda meM hI rahane vAlA vaha amUrttatva vipakSa meM nahIM rahatA hai| ata: vyabhicAra hetvAbhAsa hI nahIM raha sktaa| tumhAre yahA~ sabhI anumAnoM ke abhAva kA prasaMga ho jaaegaa| anumAna to sAdRzya se hI hotA hai| anya ke sAtha vyApti yukta dekhe hue padArthoM kA anyatra darzanIya ho jAne se hI anumAna kA pravartana mAnA gayA hai| rasoIghara meM agni aura dhUma bhinna haiN| tathA parvata meM ve bhinna haiM phira bhI sAdRzya kI zakti se parvata meM sthita dhUma ke dvArA agni kA anumAna kara liyA jAtA hai| jo dhuMe ke tRNasambandhI pana Adi dharma kahIM rasoIghara, Adi meM sthita dhUma meM dekhe jAte haiM, ve hI dhUma ke dharma to dUsare dhUmoM meM yAnI pakSabhUta parvata Adi ke dhUmoM meM bhI nahIM dekhe jAte haiN| una mahAnasa dhUma dharmoM ke samAna ho rahe anya dharmoM kA hI parvata Adi ke dhUmoM meM darzana ho rahA hai| yadi yaha yA tuma kisI eka prameyatva, agni, Adi hetuoM ke anaikAntikapana ko cAhate ho aura kahIM agni Adi meM anumAna jJAna se pravRtti hone ko svIkAra karate ho to siddhAntI kahate haiM ki taba isa paNDita
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 293 kvacidanumAnAtpravRttiM ca svIkurvatA taddharmasadRzastaddharmonumaMtavya iti kriyAkAraNavAyuvanaspatisaMyogasadRzo vAyvAkAzasaMyogopi kri yaakaarnnmev| tathA ca pratidRSTAMte nAkAzena pratyavasthAnamiti prtidRssttaaNtsmprtissedhvaadinobhipraayH| sa caayuktH| pratidRSTAMtasamasya dUSaNAbhAsatvAt prakRtasAdhanApratibaMdhitvAttasya, pratidRSTAMto hi svayaM hetuH sAdhakaH sAdhyasya na punaranyena hetunA tasyApi dRSTAMtAMtarApekSAyAM dRSTAntAntarasya vA pareNa hetunA sAdhakatve parAparadRSTAnta hetu parikalpanAyAmanavasthAprasaMgAt / tathA dRSTAntopi na pareNa hetunA sAdhakaH proktAnavasthAnuSaMgasamAnatvAttato dRSTAnte'pi pratidRSTAnta iva hetuvacanAbhAvAdbhavato dRSTAMtostu hetuka eva / tdaahodyotkrH| pratidRSTAMtasya hetubhAvaM pratipadyamAnena dRSTAMtasyApi hetubhaavomyupgNtvyH| hetubhAvazca sAdhakatvaM sa ca kathamaheturna syaat| yadyapratiSiddhaH syAt apratisiddhazcAyaM ke dvArA usa sajAtIya padAtha ke dharmoM ke sadRza hI anya una sajAtIya padArthoM ke dharma svIkAra karane pdd'eNge| aura aisA hone para kriyA ke kAraNabhUta vAyu vanaspati saMyoga ke samAna jAti vAlA hI vAyu AkAza saMyoga bhI kriyA kA kAraNa hogA hii| vaisA hone para pratikUla dRSTAMta AkAza se prativAdI dvArA vAdI ke Upara pratyavasthAna uThAyA jA sakatA hai| aisA pratidRSTAMta samapratiSedha ko kahane vAle jAti vAdI kA abhiprAya hai| prativAdI dvArA vaha prati dRSTAMtasama pratiSedha uThAnA samucita nahIM hai| kyoMki pratidRSTAMtasama jAti samIcIna dUSaNa nahIM hokara dUSaNa sadRza dIkhane se dUSaNAbhAsa hai| vaha prakaraNa prApta sAdhana kI pratibaMdhikA nahIM ho sakatI hai| prakRta ke sAdhana ko bigAr3atI nahIM hai| vaha dUSaNa nahIM hai (kisI manuSya kI sundaratA ko anya puruSa kA kANApana nahIM bigAr3a detA hai)| prativAdI dvArA diyA gayA pratidRSTAMta AkAza to dUsare kisI kI apekSA nahIM kara svayaM hI nityatva sAdhya kA sAdhaka mAnA jAtA hai| puna: anya hetu ke dvArA to vaha pratidRSTAMta sAdhya kA sAdhaka nahIM hai| .. anyathA usa anya sAdhyasAdhaka dRSTAMtarUpa hetu ko bhI dRSTAMtoM kI apekSA ho jAne para, usa anya dRSTAMta ko bhI tIsare, cauthe Adi bhinna-bhinna dRSTAMtarUpa hetuoM karake sAdhakapanA mAnate-mAnate uttarottara dRSTAMtasvarUpa hetuoM kI kalpanA karane se anavasthA doSa kA prasaMga AtA hai| ataH pratidRSTAMta svata: hI sAdhya kA sAdhaka hai aura dRSTAnta patthara bhI dUsare hetu yA dRSTAMta ke dvArA sAdhya kA sAdhaka nahIM hai| kintu svataH sAmarthya se anityatva kA sAdhaka hai| anyathA pUrva prakAra se kathita anavasthA kA prasaMga samAna rUpa se lAgU ho jaayegaa| ataH prativAdI ke dvArA kahe gaye AkAza dRSTAMta meM jaise usake samarthaka hetu kA kathana karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai usI prakAra vAdI ke dRSTAMta meM bhI hetu vacana kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| ata: Apake yahA~ patthara bhI sAdhaka kA hetu dRSTAMta ho sakatA hai| jaba prativAdI ne patthara ko dRSTAMta svIkAra kara liyA to prativAdI AkAza ko aba pratidRSTAMta nahIM banA sakatA hai| usI bAta ko udyotakara paNDita yoM kaha rahe haiM ki svakIya pratidRSTAMta ko sAdhya kI hetutArUpa se samajhane vAle prativAdI ke dvArA vAdI ke dRSTAMta ko bhI sva sAdhya kI hetutA svIkAra kara lenI caahie|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 294 saadhkH| kiM ca, yadi tAvadevaM brUte yathAyaM tvadIyo dRSTAMto loSThAdistathA madIyopyAkAzAdiriti tadA dRSTAMtasya loSThAderabhyupagamAnna dRSTAMtatvaM vyaaghaattvaat| athaivaM brUte yathAyaM madIyo dRSTAMtastathA tvadIya iti tathApi na dRSTAMtaH kazcit vyAghAtAdeva dRSTAMtapratidRSTAMtatvaiH parasparaM vyAghAtaH smaanbltvaat| tayoradRSTAMtatve tu| pratidRSTAntasya hyadRSTAntatve dRSTAMtasyAdRSTAMtatvavyAghAtaH pratidRSTAMtAbhAve tasya dRSTAMtatvopapatteH dRSTAMtasya cAdRSTAMtatve pratidRSTAMtasyAdRSTAMtatvavyAghAtaH dRSTAMtAbhAve tasya pratidRSTAMtatopapatteH / na cobhayordRSTAMtatvaM vyAghAtAditi na pratidRSTAMtena pratyavasthAnaM yuktam // hetubhAva hI to sAdhya kA sAdhakapana hai| vaha anya kAraNoM kI apekSA rakhe binA hI ahetu kyoM nahIM hogA? arthAt vAdI kA dRSTAMta yA hetu kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA huA prakRta sAdhya kA sAdhaka ho jAtA hai| yadi vaha prativAdI ke dRSTAMta se pratiSiddha nahIM huA hai, to apratiSiddha ho rahA yaha AtmA ke sakriyatva kA sAdhaka hotA hai| aisI dazA meM prativAdI kA uttara samIcIna nahIM hai| pratidRSTAMta sama ke dUSaNAbhAsapana meM dUsarI upapatti yaha bhI hai ki yaha jAtivAdI yadi pahale hI isa prakAra spaSTa kahe ki jisa prakAra yaha terA patthara Adi dRSTAMta hai, usI prakAra merA bhI AkAza, cumbaka pASANa Adi dRSTAMta hai| isake pratyuttara meM siddhAMtI kahate haiM ki taba to prativAdI ne loSTa, golA Adi dRSTAMtoM ko samIcIna dRSTAMtapane se svIkAra kara liyA hai| aisI dazA meM AkAza Adi ko pratipakSa kA sAdhaka dRSTAMtapanA nahIM bana sakatA hai, kyoMki isameM vyAghAta doSa AtA hai| athavA, jAtivAdI yadi aisA kahatA hai ki jaisA terA yaha loSTa Adi dRSTAnta hai, vaisA hI merA AkAzAdi dRSTAnta hai| isake pratyuttara meM siddhAntavAdI kahatA hai ki taba to prativAdI ne loSTa Adi ko dRSTAnta svIkAra kara liyA hai| ata: AkAza Adi ko pratipakSa kA sAdhaka dRSTAntapanA nahIM bana sktaa| kyoMki isameM vyAghAta doSa AtA hai arthAt jaise parvata para agni ko siddha karane ke lie diyA gayA sarovara kA dRSTAnta vyAghAta doSa se yukta hai| ____ "yadi vAdI kahe ki jaisA merA dRSTAnta hai vaisA hI terA dRSTAnta hai"- isameM bhI vyAghAta doSa AtA hai| ataH ina donoM meM koI dRSTAnta nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki donoM ke dRSTAnta meM samAna bala hone se paraspara vyAghAta hai| ata: donoM ke dRSTAntapanA nahIM hai| kyoMki pratidRSTAnta (AkAza) ko adRSTAnta svIkAra karane para usI samaya loSTa (patthara) ke dRSTAntapane kA vyAghAta (nirAkaraNa) ho jAtA hai| kyoMki pratidRSTAnta ke abhAva meM dRSTAnta kI saralatayA siddhi ho jAtI hai arthAt jaise ghaTa rahitapane kA niSedha karane para ghaTa sahitapanA sulabhatA se siddha ho jAtA hai| tathA dRSTAnta (loSTa) ko adRSTAnta mAnane para pratidRSTAnta (AkAza) ke adRSTAnta kA vyAghAta ho jAtA hai| arthAt pratidRSTAnta ko adRSTAnta nahIM kaha skte| kyoMki dRSTAnta ke abhAva meM usa AkAza ko pratidRSTAntapanA yuktisiddha ho jAtA hai| AkAza aura loSTa donoM ke dRSTAntapanA siddha nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki paraspara vyAghAta doSa se yukta haiN| isalie prativAdI ko pratidRSTAnta (AkAza) ke dvArA pratyavasthAna uThAnA (pratidRSTAntasamA jAti kahanA) samucita nahIM hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 295 kAraNAbhAvataH pUrvamutpatteH prtyvsthitiH| yAnutpattyA parasyoktA sAnutpattisamA bhavet / 370 / zabdo vinazvarAtsaivamupapanno bhvtvtH| kadaMbAdivadityukte sAdhane prAha kazcana // 371 // prAgutpatteranutpanne shbde'nitytvkaarnnN| prayatnAnaMtarotthatvaM naastiityesso'vinshvrH||372|| zAzvatasya ca zabdasya notpattiH syaatprytntH| pratyavasthetyanutpattyA jAtiAyAtilaMghanAt / 373 / utpannasyaiva zabdasya tthaabhaavprsiddhitH| prAgutpatterna zabdostItyupAlaMbhaH kimaashryH|374| sata eva tu zabdasya prytnaanNtrotthtaa| kAraNaM nazvaratvesti taniSedhastataH katham // 375 / / utpatteH pUrvaM kAraNAbhAvato yA pratyavasthiti: parasyAnutpattisamA jAtiruktA bhvet| "prAgutpatteH kAraNAbhAvAdanutpattisama" iti vacanAt / tadyathA-vinazvaraH zabdaH puruSaprayatnodbhavAt kadaMbAdivadityukte sAdhane utpatti ke pUrva tAlu Adi kAraNoM ke abhAva meM anutpatti ke dvArA pratyavasthApana uThAyA jAtA hai| vaha dUsare prativAdI kI anutpattisamA nAma kI jAti kahI gayI hai| aisA samajhanA caahie| jaise zabda (pakSa) vinAza svabhAva vAlA hai (sAdhya), manuSya ke prayatna dvArA avyavahita uttara kAla meM utpatti vAlA hone se (hetu) kadamba Adi ke smaan| (anvaya dRssttaant)| isa prakAra vAdI ke dvArA siddha karane para koI prativAdI kahatA hai ki utpatti ke pUrva nahIM sthita (anutpanna) zabda meM anityatva kA kAraNa prayatnAntara se utpanna hotA nahIM hai| isalie zabda avinazvara (nitya) hai| arthAt utpatti ke pUrva jaba zabda kA utpAdaka kAraNa hI nahIM hai, to akAraNavAna hone se zabda nitya hai| isake pratyuttara meM jainAcArya kahate haiM ki - ... zAzvata zabda kI utpatti prayatnoM se nahIM hotI hai| isalie anutpatti ke dvArA dUSaNa denA anutpatti samA jAti hai| aisA kahane para nyAya kA ullaMghana hotA hai arthAt zabda kAraNoM se utpanna nahIM hote haiM aisA kahanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki zabda kAraNoM se utpanna hote haiM, aisI prasiddhi hai| ata: jaba utpatti ke pUrva zabda vidyamAna hI nahIM hai, taba prativAdI ke dvArA "zabda kI utpatti kAraNoM se nahIM hotI hai" yaha ulAhanA denA kisake Azraya raha sakatA hai? vidyamAna zabda ke nazvaratA kA kAraNa prayatnAnantara se utpanna honA hetu siddha hI hai| ataH zabda kI nazvaratA kA niSedha prativAdI ke dvArA kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai? // 370 - 375 // . sAdhana ke aMga svarUpa pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAntoM kI utpatti ke pUrva sAdhya ke jJApaka kAraNoM kA abhAva hone se prativAdI ke dvArA pratyavasthAna (prazna yA dUSaNa) uThAyA jAtA hai| vahI anutpattisamA jAti kahI jAtI hai| ___ so hI gautama RSi ne nyAya darzana meM kahA hai - "utpatti ke pUrva kAraNa kA abhAva hone se anutpattisama kahalAtA hai' isI ke nyAyabhASya anusAra siddha karate haiM ki "zabda vinAza svabhAva (anitya) hai, kyoMki puruSa ke kaNTha, tAlu, jihvA Adi ke prayatnoM se utpanna hote haiM jaise kadamba, kaTaka Adi prayatnoM se utpanna hote haiM, ata: anitya haiN|" isa prakAra vAdI ke dvArA sAdhya kA sAdhana kara dene para
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 296 sati para evaM bravIti prAgutpatteranutpanne zabdavinazvaratvasya kAraNaM yatprayatnAnaMtarIyakatvaM tannAsti tatoyamavinazvaraH, zAzvatasya ca zabdasya na prayatnAnaMtara janmeti seyamanutpattyA pratyavasthA dUSaNAbhAso nyAyAtilaMghanAt utpannasyaiva hi zabdadharmiNaH prayatnAnaMtarIyakatvamutpattidharmakatvaM vA bhavati, nAnutpannasya prAgutpatteH zabdasya cAsattve kimaashryoymupaalNbhH| na hyayamanutpanno'sanneva zabda iti vA prayatnAnaMtarIyaka iti vA anitya iti vA vyapadeSTuM shkyH| zabde tu siddhameva prayatnAnaMtarIyakatvaM kAraNaM nazvaratve saadhye| tataH kathamasya prtissedhH| kiM vAyaM hetuApako na puna: kArako, jJApake ca kArakavatpratyavasthAnamasaMbaddhameva / jJApakasyApi kiMcitkurvataH kArakatvameveti cet na, kriyAhetoreva kArakatvopapatteranyathAnupapattiriti hetoaapktvaat| kArakatA hi vastUtpAdayati jJApakastUtpannaM vastu jJApayatItyasti vishessH| kAraka vizeSe vA jJApake kArakasAmAnyavatpratyavasthAnamayuktaM / kiM ca-prAgutpatteraprayatnAnaMtarIyako anutpattidharmako vA zabda iti bruvANa: prativAdI isa prakAra kahatA hai ki utpatti ke pUrva zabda ke anutpanna hone para vinazvaratva kA kAraNa prayatnAntara . se utpanna honA nahIM hai, isalie zabda avinazvara hai| zAzvata zabda kA kAraNAntaroM se (prayatnAntaroM se) utpAda nahIM hotA hai, isa prakAra anutpatti ke dvArA dUSaNa denA anutpatti pratiSedha hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki aisA kahanA nyAyamArga kA ullaMghana karane vAlA hone se dUSaNAbhAsa hai| kyoMki utpanna hue zabdarUpa dharmI ke prayatnAntarIyakatva athavA utpatti dharmakatva dharma saMbhava hotA hai| arthAt dharmI ke rahane para hI dharma kI mImAMsA hotI hai| jaba utpatti ke pUrva zabda vidyamAna hI nahIM hai to avidyamAna zabda meM prativAdI ke dvArA upAlaMbha (ulAhanA) kisakA Azraya lekara diyA jA sakatA hai? yaha zabda anutpanna (kisI ke dvArA utpanna nahIM huA) hai| ata: asat (avidyamAna) hai| prayatnAntarIyaka hai jo prayatnoM se utpanna hotA hai vaha anitya hai| isa prakAra kathana karanA bhI yogya nahIM hai| kyoMki zabda ke utpanna hone meM aura nazvaratva sAdhya meM jJApaka hetu prayatnAntarIyakatva (tAlu Adi kA prayatna) siddha hI hai| arthAt zabda puruSa ke tAlu Adi kI ceSTA se utpanna hotA hai, yaha abAdhita siddha hai| ataH zabda kA niSedha kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai? athavA zabda kI utpatti meM prayatnAntarIyakatva hetu jJApaka hai, kAraka hetu nahIM hai| isalie jJApaka hetu meM kAraka hetu ke samAna kAraka sAdhanoM meM hone vAle dUSaNa ko uThAnA susaMgata nahIM hai| arthAt utpatti ke pUrva jaba zabda hI nahIM hai to una zabdoM meM prayatnajanya bhAva kaise ho sakate haiM? "sAdhya ko siddha karanA, hetu kA jJAna karanA, anumAna jJAna ko utpanna karanA Adi kucha-na-kucha karane vAlA hone se jJApaka hetu ke bhI kArakatva siddha hai" aisA nahIM kahanA caahie| kyoMki kriyAoM ke saMpAdaka hetu ko hI kArakatva siddha hai (kArakatva kI utpatti hai)| anyathA anupapatti hone se (sAdhya ke abhAva meM hetu ke sadbhAva kI asiddhi hone se) hetu kA jJApakapanA vyavasthita hai| kyoMki, kArakatA (kAraka hetu) pUrva meM avidyamAna vastu ko utpanna karAtA hai aura jJApaka hetu kAraNoM se utpanna vastu kA jJAna karAtA hai| yaha donoM meM vizeSatA hai arthAt eka vastu kA utpAdaka hai aura dUsarA vastu kA jJApaka nirNaya karAne vAlA, vA jJAna karAne vAlA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 297 zabdamabhyupaiti nAsato prayatnAnaMtarIyakatvAdidharma iti tattvasya vizeSaNamanarthakaM prAgutpattau iti / apare tu prAhuH, prAgutpatteH kAraNAbhAvAdityukte arthApattisamaiveyamiti prAgutpatte: prayatnAnaMtarIyakatvasyAbhAvAdaprayatnAnaMtarIyakatvAcca iti kRte'satpratyuttaraM bruute| nAyaM niyamo aprayatnAnaMtarIyakatvaM nityamiti tu, na hi tasya gatiH kiMcinnityamAkAzAdyeva, keSAMcidanityaM vidyudAdi, kiNcidsdevaakaashpusspaadiiti| etattu nApareSAM yuktamiti pshyaamH| kathamiti? yattAvadasattadaprayatnAnaMtarIyakatvaM vAjanmavizeSaNatvAt / yasyAprayatnAnaMtaraM janma tadaprayatnAnaMtarIyaMka na cAbhAvo vidyate ato na tasya janma yaccAsat kiM tasya vishessmsti| jJapti Adi kucha kriyA ko karane vAlA hone se jJApaka hetu ko kAraka vizeSa svIkAra karake sAmAnya kArakoM ke samAna pratyavasthAna uThAnA ucita nahIM hai| athavA zabda utpatti ke pUrva prayatnAntarIyaka nahIM hai aura utpatti dharma vAlA anitya bhI nahIM hai| isa prakAra kahane vAle ke prati jainAcArya kahate haiM ki aisA prativAdI zabda ko avazya svIkAra karatA hai| kyoMki asat (avidyamAna) padArtha ke prayatnAnaMtarIyakatva Adi dharma nahIM ho skte| isalie zabda ke prAg utpatti vizeSaNa lagAnA vyartha hai| koI dUsare vAdI kahate haiM ki utpatti ke pUrva jJApaka kAraNa ke abhAva ho jAne se pratyavasthAna denA anutpattisamA jAtI hai| aisA kahane para yaha arthApattisamA nAma kI jAti hai| (jisa prakAra arthApattisamA jAti hai, usI prakAra) utpatti ke pUrva zabda meM prayatna anantara kA abhAva hone se nityatva prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra prativAdI jAtisvarUpa asat (asamIcIna) pratyuttara kahatA hai| kyoMki yaha niyama nahIM hai ki jo binA prayatna hotA hai vaha nitya hI hotA hai| aprayatnAntarIyatva se padArtha ke nityatva kI jJapti nahIM hotI hai| kyoMki koI padArtha aprayatnAnantarIyakatva hone se nitya hote haiM jaise AkAza kisI prayatna se utpanna nahIM huA hai aura nitya hai| - koI padArtha puruSa prayatna se ajanya hokara bhI anitya hai, jaise bijalI, bAdala, indradhanuSa Adi nitya nahIM haiN| koI puruSa prayatna se ajanya AkAzapuSpa azvaviSANa Adi asat haiN| isake pratyuttara meM nyAya siddhAntI kahate haiM ki isa prakAra dUsare vidvAnoM kA yaha kahanA to yuktipUrNa nahIM hai, aisA hama dekhate haiN| prazna - yaha kathana yuktisaMgata kyoM nahIM hai? - uttara - pUrva kathana meM jo AkAzapuSpa Adi asat padArtha ko puruSaprayatna ajanya kahA thA vaha ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki aprayatnAnaMtarIyakatva (puruSa ke prayatna binA utpanna honA) yaha vizeSaNa janma (utpatti) kA hai| puruSa ke prayatna binA anya kAraNa svarUpa aprayatnoM ke anaMtara kAla meM jisa padArtha kA janma (utpAda) hotA hai, vaha aprayatnAntarIyaka mAnA jAtA hai| parantu tucchAbhAva rUpa asat AkAzapuSpa Adi kA utpAda hI nahIM hai| ata: usakA aprayatnAnantarIyatva nahIM ho sktaa| AkAza puSpa sarvathA asat hai| usakA vizeSya kaise ho sakatA hai? vizeSya, vizeSaNa bhAva satpadArtha kA hI hotA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 298 etena nityaM prayuktaM, na hi nityamaprayatnAnaMtarIyaka miti yuktaM vaktuM , tasya janmAbhAvAditi jAtilakSaNAbhAvAnneyamanutpattisamA jAtiriticet nAnutpatterahetubhiH sAdharmyAt paTo'nutpannastantubhistadyathAnutpannAstaMtavo na paTasya kAraNamiti / sAmAnyaghaTayostulya aiMdriyatve vyvsthite| nityAnityatvasAdharmyAt saMzayena samA matA / 376 / tatraiva sAdhane prokte saMzayena svayaM prH| pratyavasthAnamAdhatte'pazyan sadbhUtadUSaNam // 377 // prayatnAnaMtarotthepi zabde sAdharmyamaiMdriye / sAmAnyenAsti nityena ghaTena ca vinAzinA // 378 // isa kathana se "jo puruSa prayatna se rahita hotA hai vaha nitya hotA hai"- isakA bhI khaNDana kara diyA gayA hai, kyoMki nitya puruSa ke prayatna binA utpanna hote haiM, aisA kahanA ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki nitya padArtha ke janma kA abhAva hai arthAt prayatna ke binA anya kAraNoM se utpanna hue padArthoM meM hI prayatnAnantarIyakatva (puruSa ke prayatna binA utpanna honA) saMbhava ho sakatA hai| jAti ke lakSaNa kA abhAva hone se anutpatti samA jAti nahIM hai| aisA bhI kahanA ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki utpatti ke pUrva zabda kI anutpatti hone se hetu rahita nitya AkAza Adi padArthoM ke sAtha sAdharmya mila jAne se zabda ke nityapane kI prApti kA prasaMga isa anutpattisamA meM prativAdI dvArA uThAyA jA sakatA hai| anutpanna tantuoM ke dvArA nahIM utpanna paTa nitya nahIM hotA hai| usI prakAra anutpanna taMtu paTa ke kAraNa nahIM haiN| yahA~ taka anutpattisamA jAti kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| para apara sAmAnya aura ghaTa dRSTAnta kA indriyajJAna ke dvArA grAhyapanA tulya rUpa se vyavasthita ho jAne para nitya aura anitya ke sAdharmya se saMzayasamA jAti naiyAyikoM ne mAnI hai||376|| usI prakAra vahA~ hI prayatnarahita hetu se ghaTa ke samAna zabda meM anityapane kA zAbda bodha ho jAne para dUsarA prativAdI svayaM sadbhUta (samIcIna) dUSaNa ko nahIM dekhatA huA saMzaya ke dvArA pratyavasthAna (nirNaya) karatA hai ki puruSa prayatna vyApAra ke binA utpanna indriya janya jJAna grAhya zabda meM nitya mAne gaye ghaTa ke sAtha sAmAnya dharma kI apekSA sAdharmya hai| bhAvArtha - jisa indriya kA jo padArtha viSaya hai, usa padArtha meM rahane vAlA sAmAnya aura sAmAnya kA abhAva bhI usI indriya kA viSaya hotA hai, arthAt usI indriya ke dvArA jAnA jAtA hai| isa niyama ke anusAra ghaTa aura ghaTatva donoM hI cakSu aura sparzana indriya ke dvArA jAne jAte haiN| zabda guNa aura zabdatva jAti ye donoM karNa indriya ke viSaya ho jAte haiN| ___ ataH zabda kA nitya sAmAnya ke sAtha aindriyakatva sAdharmya hai arthAt indriyoM ke dvArA grAhyatva zabda aura ghaTa meM samAna hai| isa prakAra puruSa ke prayatna se utpanna vinAzI (anitya) ghaTa ke sAtha samAna dharmatva vidyamAna hai||377-378||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 299 tAMdRzeneti saMdeho nityaanitytvdhrmyoH| sa cAyukto vizeSeNa zabdAnityatvasiddhitaH / 379 / yathA puMsi vinirNIte ziraHsaMyamanAdinA / puruSasthANusAdharyorddhatvato nAsti saMzayaH // 380 // tathA prayatnajatvenAnitye zabde vinizcite / ghaTasAmAnyasAdhAdeMdriyatvAnna sNshyH||381|| saMdehetyaMtasaMdehaH saadhrmysyaavinaashtH| puMsitvAdigatasyeti nirNayaH kvAspadaM vrajet // 382 // nanu caiSA saMzayasamA sAdharmyasamAto na bhidyate evodAharaNasAdharmyAt tasyApravartanAditi na codyaM, saMzayasamAnobhayasAdharmyAtpravRtteH / sAdharmyasamAyA eksaadhaadupdeshaat| tato jAtyaMtarameva sNshysmaa| tathAhianityaH zabdaH prayatnAnaMtarIyakatvAt ghaTavaditi, atra ca sAdhane prayukte sati paraH svayaM saMzayena pratyavasthAnaM isa prakAra zabda ke nityatva aura anityatva dharma meM sandeha ho jAtA hai| ata: yaha saMzayasamA jAti hai| aba siddhAntI saMzayasamA jAti kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki - saMzayasamA jAti ko kahane vAle prativAdI kA saMzaya uThAkara pratyavasthAna (ulAhanA) denA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| kyoMki vizeSa rUpa se prayatnAnantarIyakatva (puruSa ke prayatna se utpanna hote haiM isa) hetu ke dvArA zabda ke anityatva kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| jaise sira ko bA~dhanA, calanA, kezoM ko bA~dhanA Adi kriyAoM ke dvArA puruSa ke vizeSa rUpa se nirNaya ho jAne para punaH puruSa aura sthANu (ThUTha) ke sAdharmya rUpa UrdhvatA dharma ke saMzaya nahIM rahatA hai / / 379380 // __ usI prakAra prayatnajanyatva hetu dvArA zabda ke anityapana kA vizeSa rUpa se nizcaya ho cukane para punaH ghaTa aura sAmAnya ke sAdharmya aindriyakatva dharma se saMzaya nahIM ho sakatA hai| yadi nirNaya ho jAne para bhI kevala UrdhvatA yA aindriyakatva mAtra se saMdeha svIkAra karoge, to atyanta saMzaya hotA rahegA arthAt saMzaya kA anta nahIM hogaa| kyoMki puruSa aura zabdatva Adi meM prApta UrdhvatA tathA aindriyakatva Adi sAdharmya kA kabhI vinAza nahIM ho pAtA hai| isalie puruSa aura sthANu Adi meM hone vAlA nirNaya kahA~ sthAna ko prApta hogaa| . arthAt padArthoM meM anya padArtha ke sAtha kisI na kisI prakAra se sadA sAdharmya rahatA hI hai| ata: saMzaya banA hI rhegaa| nizcayAtmaka jJAna kisI kA bhI kabhI nahIM hogA // 381-382 // zaMkA - yaha saMzayasamA jAti sAdharmyasamA jAti se vibhinna nahIM hai| kyoMki usa sAdharmyasamA kI pravRtti bhI udAharaNa ke sAdharmya se hI mAnI gaI hai| ___samAdhAna - aisI zaMkA nahIM karanA caahie| kyoMki donoM ke sAdharmya se saMzayasamA jAti kI pravRtti hotI hai aura eka ke sAdharmya se sAdharmyasamA jAti kI pravRtti kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| ___ bhAvArtha - kriyAvAn guNa pudgala aura jIva donoM meM hai| ataH kriyAvattva kI apekSA sAdharmya hai| amUrta AtmA hai aura AkAza bhI hai; ina donoM meM sAdharmya hai| inameM kisI kAraNa se saMzaya bhI ho sakatA hai| ataH sAdharmya aura saMzayasamA samAna haiN| inameM koI vizeSatA nahIM hai| parantu aisA kahanA yukta nahIM hai, kyoMki saMzayasamA meM saMzaya rahatA hai, aura sAdharmya samA meM ekatva rahatA hai| ina donoM meM yaha vizeSatA hai| isalie sAdharmya samA se saMzayasamA bhinna jAti vAlI hai| isI bAta ko spaSTa karate hue jainAcArya kahate haiM "ghaTa ke samAna puruSa prayatna ke avyavahita uttara kAla meM utpanna hone ke kAraNa zabda anitya hai"| isa prakAra
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 300 karoti sadbhUtaM dUSaNamapyasat, prayatnAnAMtarIyakepi zabde sAmAnyena sAdharmyamaiMdriyakatvaM nitye nAsti ghaTena vAnityeneti sNshyH| zabde nityAnityatvadharmAdharmayorityeSA saMzayasamA jaatiH| sAmAnyaghaTayoreMdriyakatve sAmAnye sthite nityAnityasAdhAna punarekasAdhAt / sAmAnyadRSTAMtayoraiMdriyakatve samAne nityAnityasAdharmyAtsaMzayasama iti vcnaat| atra saMzayo na yukto vizeSeNa shbdaanitytvsiddheH| tathAhipuruSe zira:saMyamanAdinA vizeSeNa nirNItesati na puruSasthANusAdhAdUrddhatvAtsaMzayastathA prayatnAnaMtarIyakatvena vizeSeNAnitye zabde nizcite sati na ghaTasAmAnyasAdhAdendriyakatvAtsaMzayaH atyantasaMzayaH / vAdI ke dvArA sAdhya siddhi ke nimitta hetu kA prayoga kara dene para dUsarA prativAdI vAstavika dUSaNa ko nahIM dekhatA huA svayaM saMzaya ke dvArA pratyavasthAna (ulAhanA) karatA hai ki puruSa prayatna ke uttara kAla meM utpanna hue zabda meM nitya sAmAnya ke sAtha indriyajanya jJAna grAhyatva sAdharmya hai aura anitya ghaTa ke sAtha puruSa ke prayatna kA sAdharmya hai| isalie zabda meM nityatva aura anityatva dharmoM kA saMzaya ho jAtA hai| arthAt-. ghaTa ke samAna zabda anitya hai ki indriyagrAhyatva hone se nitya hai| isa prakAra zabda meM nitya aura anitya ina dharmoM kI apekSA yaha saMzayasamA jAti hai| ataH saMzayasamA jAti ke sAmAnya aura ghaTa ke aindriyakatva sAdhAraNatva (sAmAnya) kI vyavasthiti ho jAne para nitya aura anitya ke sadharmatva se prativAdI ke dvArA saMzaya uThAyA jAtA hai| phira bhI eka hI sAmAnya ke sAdharmya se saMzayasamA jAti nahIM uThAyI jA sktii| gautamaRSisUtra meM isa prakAra kahA hai ki sAmAnya (zabdatva) aura dRSTAnta donoM ke aindriyakatva samAna hone para nitya aura anityoM ke sAdharmya se saMzayasama pratiSedha uThAyA jAtA hai| ata: donoM jAtiyA~ bhinnabhinna haiN| yahA~ prativAdI dvArA saMzaya uThAnA yukta nahIM hai| kyoMki vizeSa rUpa se zabda ke anityatva kI siddhi kara dI gayI hai| tathAhi-sira kI coTI bA~dhanA, hAtha pA~va kA kampana Adi vizeSa kAraNoM ke dvArA manuSya kA nizcaya (nirNaya) ho jAne para punaH sthANu aura puruSa ke UrdhvatA mAtra sAmAnya se saMzaya nahIM hotA hai| vaise hI prayatna uttara janya ke dvArA vizeSa rUpa se zabda ke anityatva kA nizcaya ho jAne para ghaTa aura sAmAnya ke sAdharmya rUpa kevala aindriyakatva se saMzaya nahIM ho sktaa| yadi sAdharmya kI apekSA saMzaya mAneMge to saMzaya kA vinAza bhI nahIM hogaa| ananta kAla taka saMzaya banA rhegaa| kyoMki puruSa, sthANu Adi meM rahane vAle saMzaya kA kAraNabhUta UrdhvatA Adi sAdharmya kA kabhI bhI vinAza na hone ke kAraNa nirNaya kahA~ sthAna pA sakatA hai? kyoMki kevala sAdharmya mAtra se saMzaya svIkAra karane para kvacit vaidharmya dRSTigocara hone se nirNaya honA yukta nahIM hogaa| puna: kevala vaidharmya, athavA sAdharmya tathA sAdharmya vaidharmya donoM ke dvArA yadi saMzaya honA mAnA jAyegA to atyanta (anantakAla taka) saMzaya hotA hI rhegaa| parantu yaha atyanta saMzaya prazaMsanIya nahIM hai| kyoMki sAmAnya ke dekhane se saMzaya hotA hai, aura vizeSa ke darzana se saMzaya kI nivRtti siddha ho jAtI hai| isalie saMzaya samA jAti kA utthApana karanA prativAdI kA samucita karttavya nahIM hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 301 sAdharmyasyAvinAzitvAt puruSasthANvAdigatasyeti nirNayaH kvAspadaM praapnuyaat| sAdharmyamAtrAddhi saMzaye kvacidvaidharmyadarzanAnnirNayo yukto na punarvaidhAtsAdharmyavaidhAbhyAM vA saMzaye tthaatyNtsNshyaat| na cAtyaMtasaMzayo jyAyAn sAmAnyAt saMzayAdvizeSadarzanAt saMzayanivRttisiddheH / / athAnityena nityena sAdhAdubhayena yaa| prakriyAyAH prasiddhiH syAttataH prakaraNe smaa|383| ubhAbhyAM nityAnityAbhyAM sAdhAdyA prakriyAsiddhistataH prakaraNasamA jAtiravaseyA, "ubhayasAdharmyAt prakriyAsiddheH prakaraNasamA" iti vacanAt / / kimudAharaNametasyA ityAhatatrAnityena saadhaannuHprytnodbhvtvtH| zabdasyAnityatAM kazcitsAdhayedaparaH punH||384|| tasya nityena gotvAdisAmAnyena hi nitytaa| tata: pakSe vipakSe ca samAnA prakriyA sthitA / 385 / tatra hi prakaraNasamAyAM jAtau kazcidanityaH zabdaH prayatnAnAMtarIyakatvAdghaTavadityanityasAdharmyAt puruSaprayatnodbhavatvAcchabdasyAnityatvaM sAdhayati / para: punargotvAdinA sAmAnyena sAdharmyAttasya nityatAM sAdhayet / aba prakaraNasamA jAti ke kahane kA prAraMbha karate haiM - nitya, anitya aura ubhaya (donoM) ke sadharmapanA hone se pakSa aura pratipakSa kI pravRtti hone rUpa jo kriyA kI prasiddhi hotI hai usako prakaraNasama jAti kahate haiM // 383 / / __ nitya aura anitya ke sAdharmya se jo prakriyA kI prasiddhi hai, usase prakaraNasamA jAti jAnanA caahie| ubhaya ke sAdharmya se prakriyA kI siddhi ho jAne se prakaraNasamA jAti hai - aisA sUtra kA vacana hai| isa prakaraNasamA jAti kA udAharaNa kyA hai? aisA pUchane para AcArya kahate haiM - koI vAdI to - "ghaTa ke samAna puruSa ke prayatnajanya hone se zabda anitya hai"- isa prakAra anitya ke sAtha zabda kA sAdharmya hone se zabda kI anityatA ko siddha kara rahA hai| aura punaH koI vAdI nitya gotva Adi sAmAnya ke sAtha tathA indriya grAhyatva Adi ke sAtha sAdharmya hone se zabda kI nityatA ko siddha kara rahA hai| isaliye anityatva sAdhaka pakSa meM aura nityatva sAdhaka vipakSa meM samAna prakriyA hone se yaha prakaraNasamA jAti hai||384-385|| isa prakaraNasamA jAti meM koI vidvAn kahate haiM ki ghaTa ke samAna puruSa prayatna se utpanna hone se zabda anitya hai| isa prakAra anitya sAdharmya se puruSaprayatna se utpanna hone se zabda ko anitya siddha karatA hai| dUsarA koI vidvAn gotva Adi sAmAnya ke sAtha sAdharmya hone se zabda ko nitya siddha kara rahA hai| arthAt jaise gotva Adi sAmAnya indriyagrAhya hai, parantu nitya hai, usI prakAra zabda bhI indriyagrAhya hai isalie nitya hai| isa prakAra zabda kI nitya ke sAtha vyApti siddha karate haiN| isa prakaraNa meM nitya aura anitya ko siddha karane vAle vAdI aura prativAdI ke ubhaya pakSa ko grahaNa karane se pakSa aura vipakSa meM prakriyA samAna hai| yaha
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 302 tata: pakSe vipakSe ca prakriyA samAnetyubhayapakSaparigraheNa vAdiprativAdinonityatvAnityatve sAdhayataH / sAdharmyasamAyAM saMzayasamAyAM ca naivamiti tAbhyAM bhinneyaM prakaraNasamA jaatiH|| kathamIdRzaM pratyavasthAnamayuktamityAhaprakriyAMtanivRttyA ca pratyavasthAnamIdRzaM / vipakSe prakriyAsiddhau na yuktaM tadvirodhataH // 386 // pratipakSopapattau hi pratiSedho na yujyte| pratiSedhopapattau ca pratipakSakRtidhruvam // 387 // tattvAvadhAraNe caitatsiddhaM prakaraNaM bhavet / tadabhAvena tatsiddhiryeneyaM pratyavasthitiH // 388 / / prakriyAMtanivRttyA pratyavasthAnamIdRzamayuktaM, vipakSe prakriyAsiddhau tyorvirodhaat| pratipakSaprakriyAsiddhau hi pratiSedho virudhyate, pratiSedhopapattau ca pratipakSaprakriyAsiddhiAhanyate iti viruddhastayoreva saaNbhvii| kiM ca, prakriyA sAdhyasamA jAti meM aura saMzayasamA jAti meM nahIM hai| arthAt sAdharmya samA jAti meM sAdharmya ke dvArA pratipakSa siddhi kI saMbhAvanA hai aura saMzayasamA jAti meM ubhaya sAdharmya se pakSa, pratipakSoM ke saMzaya banA rahatA hai| isalie saMzayasamA aura sAdharmyasamA jAti se prakaraNasamA jAti bhinna hI hai| prativAdI ke dvArA yaha prakaraNasamA nAmaka pratyavasthAna uThAnA ayukta kyoM hai? aisA pUchane para AcArya kahate haiM - prakaraNa ke avasAna (samApti) meM tattvoM kA avadhAraNa karane para prakriyA kI nivRtti se isa prakAra pratyavasthAna (ulAhanA) denA prativAdI kA yuktipUrNa kArya nahIM hai| kyoMki prativAdI ke vipakSa aura vAdI ko iSTa anityatva meM prakriyA kI siddhi ho jAne para punaH prativAdI dvArA apane pakSa kI siddhi mAnanA usase virodha hone kA kAraNa hone se ucita nahIM hai| vAdI ko abhISTa aura prativAdI ke pratikUla pakSa kI siddhi ho jAne para niyama se prativAdI dvArA pratiSedha karanA ucita nahIM jAna par3atA hai| prativAdI ke pratiSedha kI siddhi ho jAne para bhI nizcaya karake vAdI ke nija pratipakSa kI siddhi karanA nahIM ho sktaa| yahA~ para prativAdI ke dvArA tattva kI avadhAraNA ho jAne para prativAdI kA prakaraNa siddha ho sakatA thaa| jaba puruSa ke prayatnajanya rUpa hetu se vAdI ke anityatva pakSa kI siddhi ho jAne se nityatva pratipakSa kI siddhi kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| isalie donoM prakriyAoM kI siddhi nahIM ho sktii| jisase yaha prakaraNa samA jAti nAmaka pratyavasthAna samIcIna uttara nahIM hai| jaba donoM viruddha pakSoM kI prakriyA siddha nahIM ho sakatI hai, taba lakSaNa sUtra ke nahIM ghaTane para yaha prakaraNasamA pratiSedha ayukta pratIta hotA hai| jAti kA svayaM kiyAgayA lakSaNa vahA~ nahIM hai|||386-387388|| pakSa aura vipakSa donoM meM se kisI eka ke siddha ho jAne para usake anta meM viparIta pakSa kI nivRtti kara dene se aisA prakaraNasamA pratyavasthAna uThAnA ayukta hai| kyoMki eka vipakSa meM prakriyA kI siddhi ho jAne para donoM kI (pakSa, vipakSa kI) siddhi kahanA viruddha hai| pratipakSa kI prakriyA ke siddha ho jAne para pratipakSa kA pratiSedha karanA niyamaviruddha hai| aura pratipakSa ke niSedha kI siddhi ho cukane para pratipakSa kI prakriyA sAdhane kA vyAghAta ho jAtA hai| kyoMki vipakSa, pakSa kA eka sthAna meM rahanA viruddha hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 303 tattvAvadhAraNe satyevaitatprakaraNaM siddhaM bhvennaanythaa| na cAtra tattvAvadhAraNaM tato'siddhaM prakaraNaM, tadasiddhau ca naiveyaM pratyavasthitiH sNbhvti|| kA punarahetusamA jAtirityAhatraikAlyAnupapattestu hetoH saadhyaarthsaadhne| syAdahetusamA jAtiH prayukte sAdhane kvacit / 389 / pUrvaM vA sAdhanaM sAdhyAduttaraM vA sahApi vaa| pUrvaM tAvadasatyarthe kasya sAdhanamiSyate // 390 // pazcAccet kiM nu tatsAdhyaM sAdhane'sati kathyatAM / yugapadvA kvacitsAdhyasAdhanatvaM na yujyate // 391 // svataMtrayostathAbhAvAsiddhervindhyahimAdrivat / tathA cAhetunA heturna kathaMcidviziSyate // 392 // ityahetusamatvena prtyvsthaapy'yuktitaa| hetoH pratyakSataH siddheH kArakasya ghaTAdiSu // 393 // kiMca tattva kI avadhAraNA hone para (donoM pakSoM kA tAttvika nirNaya ho jAne para) yaha prakaraNasamA jAti siddha ho sakatI hai| anyathA ubhaya sAdhya dharmya se hone vAlI prakriyA kaise bhI siddha nahIM ho sktii| parantu yahA~ to vipratiSedha hone ke kAraNa donoM kA tAttvikapanA nirNIta hI nahIM ho sktaa| ata: yaha prakaraNa siddha nahIM hai aura usa prakriyA kI siddhi nahIM hone para prakaraNasamA jAti saMbhava nahIM hai| ahetusamA jAti kyA hai? - aisA pUchane para jainAcArya kahate haiM - . sAdhyasvarUpa artha ke sAdhana karane meM hetu kA tInoM kAla meM nahIM rahanA ahetusamA jAti hai| jaise kisI vAdI ke dvArA samIcIna sAdhana kA prayoga karane para dUsarA prativAdI samIcIna dUSaNoM ko nahIM dekhatA; yaha prazna uThAtA hai ki "jJApaka hetu kyA sAdhya se pUrva kAla meM rahatA hai, athavA sAdhya ke pazcAt uttara kAla meM rahatA hai athavA kyA sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM bhI samAna kAla meM sAtha-sAtha rahate haiM? yadi kaho ki sAdhya ke pUrva kAla meM jJApaka hetu rahatA hai, yaha to siddha nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki sAdhya rUpa artha ke nahIM hone para sAdhana (hetu) kisakA kahA jAyegA? arthAt kisI kA bhI nhiiN| yadi sAdhya ke pazcAt sAdhana kI pravRtti mAneMge, to usake sAdhyapanA nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki sAdhana ke nahIM hone para sAdhya kaise kahA jA sakatA hai? arthAt sAdhana ke hone para hI kisI ko sAdhya kahA jA sakatA hai| sAdhana ke dvArA sAdhane yogya padArtha ko hI sAdhya kahate haiN| yadi sAdhya aura sAdhana ko yugapat sahabhAva mAneMge to kisI eka vivakSita meM hI sAdhya aura sAdhana yukta nahIM ho sktaa| svataMtratA se prasiddha sahakAlabhAvI donoM meM kisI eka ke usa prakAra kA sAdhyapanA aura zeSa ke sAdhanapanA asiddha hai| jaise eka sAtha sthita vindhyAcala aura himAcala meM sAdhya aura sAdhanapanA asiddha hai| tathA aisA hone para vAdI ke dvArA kathita hetu ahetu (hetvAbhAsa) ke sAtha kisI bhI prakAra se antara rakhane vAlA nahIM ho skegaa| arthAt ahetu se sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM ho sktii| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki isa prakAra ahetu samatva se pratyavasthAna (ulAhanA) denA bhI yuktiyA se rahita hai| kyoMki ghaTa, paTa Adi kAryoM meM
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 304 'kAryeSu kuMbhakArasya tannivRttestato grahAt / jJApakasya ca dhUmAderagnyAdau jJaptikAriNaH // 394 // svajJeye parasaMtAne vAgAderapi nizcayAt / traikAlyAnupapattezca pratiSedhe kvacittathA // 395 / / samA na kAryAsau pratiSedhaH syAdvAdavidbhiH, kathaM punastraikAlyAsiddhihetorahetusamA jAtirabhidhIyate? ahetusAmAnyapratyavasthAnAt / yathA hyahetuH sAdhyasyAsAdhakastathA heturapi trikAlatvenAprasiddha iti spaSTatvAdahetusamA jAterlakSaNodAharaNapratividhAnAnAmalaM vyAkhyAnena // prayatnAnaMtarotthatvAddhetoH pakSe prsaadhite| pratipakSaprasiddhyarthamarthApattyA vidhIyate // 396 // yA pratyavasthitiH sAtra matA jAtividAMvaraiH / arthApattiH samaivoktA sAdhanAprativedinI / 397 / kumbhakAra, julAhA Adi kArakoM ke pratyakSa pramANa se hetupanA siddha ho jAne se prativAdI ke prasaMga kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai arthAt prativAdI ke dvArA jo kahA gayA thA ki sAdhya ke pUrva sAdhana nahIM ho sakatA, sAdhya ke pazcAt nahIM ho sakatA aura sAdhya ke sAtha bhI sAdhana nahIM ho sakatA isakI nivRtti ho jAtI hai aura jJApaka ' hetu kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai|389-394 // nija jJeya meM agni Adi sAdhyoM meM jJapti ke kAraNabhUta dhUma Adi jJApaka hetuoM kA nizcaya ho rahA / hai| aura parajJeya meM jJapti ke kAraNabhUta mAnava ke vacana vyApAra Adi ke dvArA parasaMtAna kA nizcaya ho jAtA hai| ataH svataH anumAna meM dhUma Adi ko dekhakara agni kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| parataH anumAna meM dUsare vacanAdi sAdhana se sAdhya ko jAna liyA jAtA hai| isalie pratiSedha meM trikAla kI anupapatti hai| kvacit usI prakAra hai arthAt hetu pUrvakAla meM rahatA hai ki uttara kAla meM rahatA hai ki donoM samakAla meM rahate haiM, yaha prazna nahIM utthtaa| kyoMki kAraka hetu kArya ke pUrvakAla meM avazya rahatA hai parantu jJApaka hetu ke lie koI samaya niyata nahIM hai| sAdhya ke sAtha sAdhana kA avinAbhAva honA hI sAdhana kA vAstavika lakSaNa hai||395|| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki syAdvAda ke jJAtAoM ko yaha ahetu nAmaka pratiSedha kabhI nahIM karanA caahie| prazna - "traikAla meM hetu kI asiddhi hone se ahetusamA jAti kahI jAtI haiM" aisA nyAyazAstroM meM kahA hai| usakA kathana siddha kaise ho sakatA hai? uttara - prativAdI ne ahetupana sAmAnya se pratyavasthAna (ulAhanA) diyA hai ki jisa prakAra vivakSita padArtha kA jo hetu nahIM hai, vaha sAdhya kA asAdhaka hai, usI prakAra trikAla meM asiddha hetu bhI sAdhya kA sAdhaka nahIM hai| isa prakAra, ahetusamA jAti kA lakSaNa, udAharaNa aura asaduttararUpa jAti kA khaNDana karane vAle pratividhAnoM kI spaSTatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| ataH adhika vivaraNa se koI prayojana nahIM hai| ghaTa ke samAna puruSa ke prayatna se utpanna hone se zabda anitya hai| isa prakAra prayatnAnantara utpanna hetu se zabda ke anityatva pakSa ke siddha ho jAne para prativAdI ke dvArA pratipakSa nityatva kI prasiddhi karane ke lie arthApatti ke dvArA jo pratyavasthAna kiyA jAtA hai, vaha yahA~ para jAtivettA vidvAnoM meM zreSTha puruSoM ke dvArA arthApattisamA jAti mAnI gayI hai, jo sAdhana ko nahIM jAnane vAle ke pratikUla pakSa meM kahI gayI hai||396-397||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 305 yadi prayatnajatvena zabdasyAnityatAbhavat / tadArthApattito nityasAdhAdastu nityatA // 398 // yathaivAsparzanatvAdernitye dRSTA tathA dhvanau / ityatra vidyamAnatvAtsamAdhAnasya tattvataH // 399 // zabdo'nityosti tatraiva pakSe hetorasaMzayam / eSa nAstIti pakSasya hAnirarthAtpratIyate // 400 // yayA ca pratyavasthAnamarthApattyA vidhiiyte| nAnaikAMtikatA dRSTA samatvAdubhayorapi // 401 // grAvNo ghanasya pAta: syAdityukteAnna siddhyti| dravAtmanAmapAM pAtAbhAvorthApattito ythaa||402|| tasyA: sAdhyAvinAbhAvazUnyatvaM tadvadeva hi| zabdAnityatvasaMsiddhau naarthaanitytvsaadhn403|| yadi prayatnajatva (prayatna se utpanna) hetu ke dvArA zabda kI anityatA siddha hotI hai, taba to arthApatti nyAya se nitya ke sAtha sAdharmya hone se zabda ke nityatA bhI siddha hotI hai| jaise nitya AkAza meM asparzatva hai, usI prakAra zabda meM bhI asparzatva vidyamAna hai| isa prakAra kisI ke kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki tattvataH samAdhAna kA kathana kiyA jAe to yaha arthApatti nahIM hai; arthApattibhAsa hai| kyoMki isase zabda ke anityatva kA khaNDana nahIM hotA hai||398-399|| "zabda anitya hai kiyA huA hone se'| isa anitya pakSa meM hetu kI asaMzayatA hai arthAt isa hetu meM koI saMzaya nahIM hai| isalie "zabda anitya nahIM hai, AkAza ke samAna sparza guNa rahita hone se'' isa pakSa (zabda ko nitya mAnanA) kI hetu se arthApatti nyAya se hAni pratIta hotI hai| _arthAt yadi nitya padArtha ke sAdharmya sparza rahitatva se AkAza ke samAna zabda nitya hai to kathana ke binA hI arthApatti se yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki anitya padArtha ke sAdharmya prayatnajanyatva hetu se ghaTa ke samAna zabda anitya hai||400|| kiMca-jisa arthApatti se prativAdI ke dvArA pratyavasthAna (doSa) kiyA jAtA hai; vaha arthApatti pakSa aura vipakSa donoM meM samAna hone se anaikAntika (vyabhicAra) doSa se yukta dekhI jA rahI hai| ata: isa arthApatti se sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM ho sktii| arthAt kisI vizeSa padArtha kI vidhi kara dene para zeSa padArthoM kA niSedha siddha nahIM ho sktaa| jaise "kaThina pASANa kA niyama se patana hotA hai" - aisA kahane para arthApatti nyAya se yaha siddha nahIM ho sakatA ki dravAtmaka padArthoM (gIle aura komala jala padArthoM) ke bhI pAta kA abhAva siddha nahIM hotA hai| usI prakAra usa arthApatti ke utthApaka artha kA sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva kI zUnyatA hai| tathA zabda ke anitya kI siddhi ho jAne para anaikAntika arthApatti ke dvArA zabda ke nityatva kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI // 401 se 402 // ___ arthAt zabda ko anitya siddha karane vAle hetu kA sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva siddha hai| parantu zabda ko nitya siddha karane vAlA asparzatva hetu avinAbhAva se vikala hai, rahita hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 306 na hyarthApattyAnaikAMtikyA pratipakSaH siddhyati yena prayatnAnaMtarIyakatvAt zabdasyAnityatve sAdhitepi asparzavattvAnyathAnupapattyA tasya nityatvaM siddhyet| sukhAdinAnaikAMtikI ceyamarthApattirato na pratipakSasya siddhistadasiddhau ca nArthApattiratAeva upapadyate, sa cAyuktArthApattitaH pratipakSasiddharApattisama iti vcnaat|| kA punaravizeSasamA jAtirityAhakvacidekasya dharmasya ghaTanAdurarIkRte / avizeSotra sdbhaavghttnaatsrvvstunH||404|| avizeSaH prasaMga: syAdavizeSasamA sphuttN| jAtirevaMvidhaM nyAyaprAptadoSAsamIkSaNAt // 405 // eko dharmaH prayatnAnaMtarIyakatvaM tasya kvacicchabdaghaTayorghaTanAdavizeSe samAnatve satyanityatve vAdinorarIkRte puna: sadbhAvaH sarvasya sattvadharmasya vastuSu ghaTanAdavizeSasyAnityatvaprasaMjanamavizeSasamA jAtiH sphuTaM, ____ anaikAntika arthApatyAbhAsa se pratipakSa kI siddhi nahIM ho sktii| kyoMki vAdI ke dvArA .. prayatnAntarIyakatva hetu se zabda kA anityapanA siddha ho jAne para punaH prativAdI dvArA asparzatva hetu rUpa anyathAnupapatti se zabda kA nityatva siddha nahIM ho sakatA arthAt asparzatva kA nitya ke sAtha avinAbhAva nahIM hai| kyoMki yaha arthApatti sukha Adi ke dvArA anaikAntika hai arthAt sukhAdi sparza rahita hai tathApi nitya nahIM hai| ata: jo sparza guNa rahita hai, vaha nitya hai| yaha arthApatti anaikAntika hai| isalie arthApatti se prativAdI ke sva pratipakSa kI siddhi nahIM hotii| aura usa pratipakSa kI siddhi nahIM hone para arthApattisamA jAti nahIM bana sktii| "arthApatti ke dvArA pratipakSa kI siddhi ho jAne se arthApattisamA jAti mAnI gaI hai|" yaha nyAya sUtra kA kathana hai| isalie arthApattisamA jAti utthApana karanA prativAdI kA anucita kArya hai| __ avizeSasamA jAti kisako kahate haiM? usakA lakSaNa kyA hai? aisI jijJAsA hone para jainAcArya kahate haiM - "kahIM bhI zabda aura ghaTa meM eka dharma kI ghaTanA ho jAne se donoM ko vizeSatA rahita svIkAra karane para punaH prativAdI ke dvArA sampUrNa vastuoM ko samAna sadbhAva kI ghaTanA se antara rahita prasaMga denA vyakta rUpa se avizeSasamA jAti kahI jAtI hai|" parantu aisA kahanA asaduttara jAti hai| kyoMki vAdI ke dvArA siddha kiye gae nirdoSa pakSa meM prativAdI dvArA jhUThe doSa dikhAnA nyAyaprApta doSoM ko dikhalAnA nahIM hai arthAt jo prativAdI ne doSa dikhalAyA hai, vaha nyAyamArga kA anusaraNa karane vAlA nahIM hai||404-405 / / "yahA~ eka dharma prayatnAntarIyakatva hai"- kahIM pakSa kiye gaye zabda aura ghaTa ke dRSTAnta se avizeSa kI samAnatA hone para vAdI ke dvArA zabda aura ghaTa ke anityapanA svIkAra karane para punaH prativAdI dvArA sadbhAva kI utpatti hone se (sampUrNa vastuoM meM sattva dharma ke ghaTita ho jAne se) sarva sattva dharma ke sadbhAva ko kahakara anityapana kA prasaMga diyA jAnA avizeSasamA jAti hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 307 evaMvidhasya nyAyaprAptasya dosssyaasmiikssnnaat| "ekadharmopapatteravizeSe sarvAvizeSaprasaMgAt sadbhAvopapatteravizeSasama' ityevaMvidho hi pratiSedho na nyaaypraaptH|| kuta ityAhaprayatnAnaMtarIyatvadharmasyaikasya saMbhavAt / avizeSe hyanityatve siddhepi ghaTazabdayoH // 406 / / na sarvasyAvizeSaH syaatsttvdhrmoppttitH| dharmAMtarasya sadbhAvanimittasya nirIkSaNAt // 407 / / prayatnAnaMtarIyatve nimittasya ca darzanAt / na samoyamupanyAsaH pratibhAtIti mucyatAm // 408 // sarvArtheSvavizeSasya prasaMgAt prtyvsthitiH| viSamoyamupanyAsaH sarvArtheSUpapadyatAM // 409 // na hi yathA prayatnAnaMtarIyakatvaM sAdhanadharmaH sAdhyamanityatvaM sAdhayati zabda tathA sarvavastuniHsattvaM yataH sarvasyAvizeSa: syAt sattvadharmopapattitayaiva dharmAMtarasyApi nityatvasyAkAzAdau sadbhAvanimittasya darzanAt ___ siddhAntI kahate haiM ki isa prakAra kahanA nyAyaprApta doSoM kA asamIkSaNa hai arthAt isa prakAra ke nyAyaprApta doSoM kA samIkSaNa nahIM hone se yaha prativAdI kA jAti rUpa uttara spaSTa rUpa se asat uttara hai| "nyAya sUtra meM avizeSasamA yaha lakSaNa hai ki vivakSita pakSa dRSTAnta vyaktiyoM meM eka dharma kI utpatti ho jAne se avizeSa ho jAne para punaH sadbhAva kI utpatti hone se sampUrNa vastuoM ke avizeSa kA prasaMga dene se prativAdI dvArA avizeSasamA pratiSedha uThAyA jAtA hai| parantu isa prakAra kA pratiSedha nyAyaprApta nahIM hai|" / yaha nyAyaprApta kyoM nahIM hai? aisA kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM - eka prayatnAnantarIyakatva dharma ke saMbhava ho jAne se ghaTa aura zabda ke vizeSatA rahita anityapanA siddha ho jAne para bhI sarva padArthoM ke sattva dharma kI vizeSatA rahita utpatti hotI hai| kyoMki sampUrNa padArthoM ke nimittabhUta dharmAntara kA darzana pAyA jAtA hai| dharmAntara dRSTigocara hotA hai| isalie jAtivAda kA sampUrNa padArthoM meM sattva hone se vizeSatA rahita kA prasaMga AtA hai| ata: yaha upanyAsa sama (samAna) hai - yaha pratibhAsita nahIM hotA hai| ataH pratyavasthAna (prasaMga) uThAnA chor3a denA caahie| isa prakAra kA viSama upanyAsa (udAharaNa) to sabhI padArthoM meM prasaMgavaza prApta ho sakatA hai| arthAt sAmAnya manuSyapana ke sadbhAva hone se sabhI vidyArthI, vidvAn yA sabhI vyApArI dhanADhya ho jaayeNge| tathA gotva sAmAnya kA sadbhAva hone se sabhI gAyeM dUdha dene vAlI ho jaaeNgii| isalie prativAdI ke dvArA avizeSatva kA prasaMga uThAnA dUSaNAbhAsa hai||406-409|| __jisa prakAra hetu dharma prayatnAnantarIyakatva zabda meM anitya sAdhya ko siddha karatA hai, usI prakAra sarva padArthoM meM rahane vAlA sattva dharma sarva padArthoM meM anityatva ko siddha nahIM karatA hai| kyoMki kevala sattva dharma kI utpatti kara dene se hI sarva vastuoM kA vizeSa rahitapanA siddha ho sakatA hai| kyoMki yadi sadbhAva kA vyApaka rUpa se nimitta anityapanA hotA, taba to prativAdI pratyavasthAna (prazna) cala sakatA thaa| parantu, AkAza AtmA Adi meM sadbhAva kA nimitta dharma (sattva) nitya padArthoM meM dRSTigocara ho rahA hai, aura
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 308 prayatnAnaMtarIyakatvanimittasya vA'nityatvasya ghaTAdau drshnaat| tato viSamoyamupanyAsaH iti tyajyatAM sarvArtheSvavizeSaprasaMgAt pratyavasthAnaM / yadi tu sarveSAmarthAnAmanityatA satvasya nimittamiSyate tadApi pratyavasthAnAdanityAH sarve bhAvAH sattvAditi pakSa: prApnoti tatra ca pratijJArthavyatiriktaM kvodAharaNaM sambhavenna cAnudAharaNo heturastu / udAharaNasAdhAt sAdhyasAdhanatvaM heturiti samarthanAt / pakSakadezasya pradIpajvAlAderudAharaNatve sAdhyatvavirodha: sAdhyatve tadAharaNa virudhyte| na ca sarveSAM sattvamanityatvaM sAdhayati nityatvepi kessaaNcitsttvprtiiteH| saMprati siddhArthAnAM sarveSAmanityatAyAM kathaM zabdAnityatvaM pratiSidhyate sattvairiti parIkSyatAM / soyaM sarvasyAnityatvaM sAdhayannaiva zabdAnityatvaM pratiSedhatIti kathaM svsthH?|| prayatnAnantarIyakatva nimitta anitya kA ghaTa, paTa Adi anitya padArthoM meM bhI darzana ho rahA hai (dRSTigocara ho rahA hai), ataH prativAdI kA avizeSasama jAti nirUpaka upanyAsa (udAharaNa) viSama par3atA hai| isalie prativAdI ko sampUrNa padArthoM meM avizeSatA ke prasaMga se pratyavasthAna (dUSaNa) dene kA vicAra chor3a denA caahie|' arthAt kahIM kRtakatva, prayatnAnantarIyakatva Adi meM hetu ke dharmavyApti, pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva Adi kA astitva hai| aura kahIM sattva, prameyatva Adi hetuoM meM anityapana sAdhya ke upayogI vyApti pakSavRttitva Adi hetu dharma nahIM pAye jAte haiN| ataH prativAdI dvArA pratiSedha hone kI asaMbhavatA hai| ___ yadi sarva padArthoM ke sadbhAva kI utpatti kA nimitta kAraNa anitya dharma mAnA jAtA hai, to "sarva padArtha anitya haiM sattva hone se"- yaha pakSa prApta hotA haiN| parantu isa pakSa meM pratijJA artha se vyatireka udAharaNa kahA~ saMbhava ho sakatA hai? arthAt sattva hetu se sampUrNa padArthoM meM avizeSa rUpa se anityapanA siddha karane para anvaya dRSTAnta yA vyatireka dRSTAnta banAne ke lie koI padArtha zeSa nahIM rahatA hai| aura udAharaNa rahita hetu samIcIna nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki udAharaNa ke sAdharmya se (sAmarthya se) hI sAdhya kA avinAbhAvI sAdhana (kAraNa) hetu hai, aisA samarthana kiyA jAtA hai| pakSa ke ekadeza meM sthita pradIpa kI jvAlA Adi ko udAharaNa svIkAra karane para sAdhyatva kA virodha AtA hai| aura 'sarva anitya hai', isa sAdhya ko svIkAra karane para udAharaNa viruddha par3atA hai| ___ bhAvArtha - jaba padArtha anitya haiM sattva hone se, isameM sarva padArthoM ko pakSa banA lene para udAharaNa ke lie koI padArtha nahIM rahatA hai| yadi dIpaka kI kalikA yA bijalI Adi kA udAharaNa dete haiM, to dIpa Adi bhI padArtha hone se pakSa koTi meM hai| ata: "sarva anitya hai" - isa sAdhyatva meM virodha AtA hai| tathA dIpaka kI kalikA ko yadi sAdhya mAnate haiM, to vaha udAharaNa nahIM bana sktaa| isalie "sattvatvAt" yaha hetu sabhI padArthoM ke anityatva ko siddha nahIM kara sakatA hai| kyoMki 'sattva' nitya AkAza Adi meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| arthAt AkAza, AtmA Adi nitya padArthoM meM bhI sattva pratIta hotA hai| ataH nitya yA anitya ko siddha karane ke lie diyA gayA sattva hetu vyabhicArI hai, kyoMki sattva hetu nitya aura anitya donoM meM pAyA jAtA hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 309 kAraNasyopapatteH syAdubhayoH pakSayorapi / upapattisamA jAtiH prayukte satyasAdhane // 410 // ubhayorapi pakSayoH kAraNasyobhayorupapattiH pratyeyA ubhayakAraNopapatterupapattisama iti vacanAt / / etadudAharaNamAhakAraNaM yadyanityatve prayatnotthatvamityayaM / zabdo'nityastadA tasya nityatve'sparzanAsti tat / 411 / tato nityopyasAvastu sAdhanaM noppdyte| kAraNasyAbhyanujJAnA na nityaH kathamanyathA // 412 // yadyanityatvaM kAraNaM prayatnAMtarIyakatvaM zabdasyAstItyanityaH zabdastadA nityatvepi tasya kaarnnmsprshtvmuppdyte| tato nityopyastu kathamanityonyathA syAdityubhayasya nityatvasyAnityatvasya ca kAraNopapattyA pratyavasthAnamupapattisamo duussnnaabhaasH|| vartamAna kAla meM siddha sampUrNa padArthoM kA anityapanA siddha ho jAne para sattva ke dvArA zabda meM anityatva kA niSedha kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai? prativAdI ko isakI parIkSA karanI caahie| sattva kI siddhi se sarva padArthoM ke anityapanA siddha ho jAne para zabda ke bhI anityapanA siddha ho jAtA hai| ataH sarva padArthoM ko anitya mAnakara ke bhI zabda ko anitya nahIM mAnane vAlA svastha kaise ho sakatA hai? yahA~ taka vizeSasamA jAti kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| vAdI ke dvArA samIcIna hetu ke prayoga se ubhaya pakSa (pakSa vipakSa) ke kAraNa (pramANa) kI utpatti ho jAne se upapattisamA jAti hotI hai||410|| donoM hI pakSa-vipakSoM ke kAraNa kI donoM vAdI prativAdiyoM ke yahA~ siddhi ho jAnA, utpattisamA samajha lenA caahie| aisA nyAya darzana meM nirUpaNa kiyA hai| isa utpattisamA kA udAharaNa kahate haiM - zabda ke anityatva sAdhana meM kAraNa prayatnajanyatva hone se zabda yadi anitya kahA jAtA hai taba to usa zabda ke nityapane meM jJApaka kAraNa sparza rahitapanA bhI vidyamAna hai, isalie yaha zabda nitya bhI honA caahie| anyathA (yadi sparza rahita hone para bhI nitya siddha nahIM kiyA jAyegA to) zabda anitya siddha kaise ho sakegA? arthAt vahA~ bhI prayatnajanya hote hue bhI anityapana kA sAdhana nahIM bnegaa| yadi kAraNa ke hone se zabda kA anityapanA siddha karoge to sparzarahitatva kAraNa se zabda nitya kyoM nahIM siddha hogA // 411412 // ____ yadi zabda ke anityatva meM jJApaka kAraNa prayatnAnantarIyakapanA hai, isalie isa zabda ke anityatva hai, taba to zabda ke nityatva siddha karane meM bhI usakA kAraNa sparzarahitatva hai| isalie zabda nitya bhI honA caahie| anyathA zabda anitya kaise ho sakatA hai? .. isa prakAra zabda ko nitya aura anitya donoM ke kAraNoM kI utpatti ho jAne para pratyavasthAna (zaMkA) uThAnA utpattisamA nAmaka dUSaNAbhAsa hai| vastutaH dUSaNa na hokara dUSaNa sadRza hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 310 ityeSa hi na yukto'tra pratiSedhaH kathaMcana / kAraNasyAbhyanujJAdi yAdRzaM bruvatAM svayaM // 413 / / zabdAnityatvasiddhizzopapatteravigAnataH / vyAghAtastu dvayostulyaH spkssprtipkssyoH||414|| sAdhanAditi naivAsau tayorekasya saadhkH| evaM hyeSa na yuktotra pratiSedhaH kathaM mtiH||415|| kAraNasyAbhyanujJAnAt ubhayakAraNopapatteriti bruvatA svayamevAnityatve kAraNaM prayatnAnaMtarIyakatvaM taavdbhynujnyaatmnenaabhynujnyaanaannaanuppnnsttprtissedhH| zabdAnityatvasiddhyA upapatteravivAdAt / yadi punarnityatvakAraNopapattau satyAmanityatvakAraNopapatteAghAtAdanityatvAdasiddheryuktaH pratiSedha iti matistadAstyanityatvakAraNopapattau satyAM nityatvakAraNopapattirapi vyAghAtAnna nityatvasiddhirapIti nityatvAnityatvayorekatarasyApi na sAdhakastulyatvAdubhayorvyAghAtasya / / "upapatti kAraNAbhyanujJAnAdapratiSedhaH' - isa sUtra ke anusAra siddhAntI usakA uttara kahate haiM ki prativAdI ke dvArA yaha pratiSedha karanA kaise bhI yuktipUrNa nahIM hai| kyoMki jaise kAraNoM kI abhyanujJAdi kahane vAle ke dvArA svayaM (donoM kAraNoM kI utpatti kahane vAle ke) cAroM ora se nirdoSa zabda ke anityapane ko svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai| svapakSa aura pratipakSa donoM ke tulya hone para vyAghAta doSa AtA hai arthAt svakIya pakSa nityatva prativAdI ke anitya pakSa se bAdhita hai| isalie vaha prativAdI una donoM meM se eka pakSa kA bhI sAdhane vAlA nahIM hai| isa prakAra prativAdI ke dvArA kiyA gayA pratiSedha kaise bhI samucita nahIM / hai|||413-414-415|| kAraNa ke abhyanujJAna kI (nitya aura anitya) donoM kAraNoM se utpatti hotI hai| isa prakAra kahane vAle prativAdI ne svayameva zabda ke anityatva meM prayatnAnantarIyakatva (puruSa kA prayoga rUMpa) kAraNa ko to svIkAra kara hI liyA hai| isalie punaH (anityapanA svIkAra karane ke bAda) zabda ke anityatva kA niSedha karanA zakya nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki zabda ke anityatva kI utpatti meM prativAdI kA vivAda nahIM hai| isalie zabda ke anityatA kA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yadi punaH prativAdI kahe ki zabda ke nityatva kA kAraNa sparzarahitatva kI pUrva meM utpatti ho jAne para anityatva ke kAraNa (puruSa prayatna) kA vyAghAta ho jAtA hai| isalie zabda anitya hai yaha asiddha hone se zabda ko anitya siddha karanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| arthAt anitya kA niSedha karanA hI ThIka hai| jisa prakAra zabda ko nitya siddha karane para puruSa prayoga hetu se vyAghAta doSa AtA hai, usI prakAra zabda ko anitya siddha karane para asparzatva hetu se vyAghAta hotA hai| isalie zabda ke anityatva kA niSedha karanA yuktisaMgata hai - yaha merA vicAra hai| isake pratyuttara meM siddhAntavAdI kahate haiM ki pUrva meM vAdI ke dvArA zabda ke anityatva ko siddha kara dene para puna: vyAghAta doSayukta hone se prativAdI ke dvArA zabda ke nityatva kI siddhi nahIM ho sktii| kyoMki prathama bolane kA adhikAra vAdI kA hai| isa prakAra pakSa aura vipakSa donoM meM eka ko siddha karane vAlA prativAdI vasta kA sAdhaka nahIM hai (arthAta vipakSa kA nirAkaraNa karake svapakSa kI sthApanA karane vAlA hI sAdhaka hotA hai)| kyoMki donoM hI pakSoM meM vyAghAta doSa tulya rUpa se sthita hai| isalie prativAdI ke dvArA pratiSedha karanA yukta nahIM hai| ataH utpattisamA jAti siddha nahIM hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 311 kA punarupalabdhisamA jAtirityAhasAdhyadharmanimittasyAbhAvepyuktasya ytpunH| sAdhyadharmopalabdhyA syAt pratyavasthAnamAtrakam / / 16 / sopalabdhisamA jAtiyathA shaakhaadibhNgje| zabdestyanityatA yatnajatvAbhAvepyasAviti / 417 / sAdhyadharmastAvadanityatvaM tasya nimittakAraNaM prayatnAnaMtarIyakatvaM jJApakaM tasyoktasya vAdinA kvacidabhAvepi punaH sAdhyadharmasyopalabdhyA yatpratyavasthAnamAtrakaM sopalabdhisamA jAtirvijJeyA, "nirdiSTakAraNAbhAvepyupalaMbhAdupalabdhisama' iti vcnaat| tadyathA-zAkhAdibhaMgaje zabde prayatnAnaMtarIyakatvAbhAvepyanityatvamasti saadhydhrmosaaviti|| sa cAyaM pratiSedho na yukta ityAhakAraNAMtaratopyatra sAdhyadharmasya siddhitH| na yuktaH pratiSedho'yaM kaarnnaaniymoktitH||418|| upalabdhisamA jAti kaunasI hai? usakA lakSaNa kyA hai? aisA pUchane para jainAcArya kahate haiM - ghaTa ke samAna puruSa prayogajanya hone se zabda anitya hai| isa anumAna meM zabda meM niSTha anityatva kI jJapti karAne kA nimitta kAraNa prayatnajanyatva hetu kA kathana kara dene para bhI punaH prativAdI dvArA sAdhya dharma kI upalabdhi karake jo kevala pratyavasthAna mAtra (praznamAtra) uThAnA, vaha upalabdhisamA jAti hai| yathA vRkSa kI zAkhA ke TUTane para utpanna zabda puruSa ke prayatna binA hI hotA hai| tathApi usameM anityapanA sAdhya dharma vidyamAna hai| ata: usa zabda meM puruSa prayatnajanyatva kA abhAva hone para bhI sAdhya dharma kI anityatA vidyamAna hone se puruSa prayoga janyatva hetu sAdhya kA sAdhana nahIM hai|416-417|| isa prakaraNa meM sAdhane yogya dharma to anityapanA hai| usakA jJApaka nimitta kAraNa prayatnAnaMtarIyakatva hetu hai| vAdI dvArA kathita hetu kA abhAva hone para bhI punaH sAdhya dharma kI upalabdhi ke dvArA jo sarvavyApaka sAdhya kI apekSA mAtra pratyavasthAna uThAyA jAtA hai, use upalabdhisamA jAti samajhanA caahie| gautama sUtra meM kahA hai 'nirdiSTa kAraNa kA abhAva hone para bhI sAdhya dharma kA upalaMbha ho jAnA upalabdhisama pratiSedha hai (upalabdhisamA jAti hai)| usakA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai| jaise vRkSa kI zAkhA ke TUTane para hone vAle zabda meM (tathA bAdala kI garjanA samudraghoSa Adi zabda meM) puruSa prayatna janyatva kA abhAva hone para bhI sAdhya dharma zabda kI anityatA kA usameM sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai| siddhAntavAdI kahate haiM ki yaha prativAdI ke dvArA kahA yA pratiSedha yukta nahIM hai| isake prati jainAcArya kahate haiM anya kAraNoM se bhI yahA~ sAdhya dharma kI siddhi ho sakatI hai| ataH prativAdI ke dvArA kiyA gayA pratiSedha ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki sAmAnya kAryoM ke lie niyata kAraNoM kA niyama kahA gayA hai| arthAt kArya kAraNa ke binA nahIM hotA hai, zabda kArya hai ata: kAraNajanya haiM / / 418 //
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 312 prayatnAnaMtarIyakatvAt kAraNAdanyadutpattidharmakatvAdikAraNAMtaramanityatvasya sAdhyadharmyasya, tatopi siddhirna yuktaH pratiSedhoyaM tatra kaarnnaaniymvcnaat| nAbhijJApakamaMtareNa jJApyaM na bhavatIti niyamosti, sAdhyAbhAve sAdhanasyAniyamavyavasthiteH iti|| . tasmAnna vidyamAnasyAnupalabdheH prsaadhne| niSedhyAnupalabdhezcAbhAvasya sAdhane kRte // 419 // abhAvasya viparyAsAdupapattiH prakIrtitA / prastutArthavighAtAyAnupalabdhisamAnadhaiH // 420 // bhAvArtha - sAdhya vyApaka hotA hai aura hetu vyApya hotA hai| hetu meM avinAbhAva sambandha rahatA hai- jaise AtmA ke binA jIva meM zvAsocchvAsa calanA nahIM hotA, parantu sAdhya kA kAraNa ke sAtha avinAbhAva nahIM hai| kArya ho sakatA hai kAraNa nahIM bhI ho| jaise AtmA rUpa kArya meM zvAsocchvAsa nahIM bhI rahatA hai jaise dhUma ke binA agni raha sakatI hai| aisA koI niyama nahIM hai ki dhUma ke hone para hI agni hotI hai| binA dhUma bhI agni rahatI hai| AcArya aisI avadhAraNA nahIM karate haiM ki "zabda anitya hai, . . prayatnajanya hone se", kintu saMzaya ko prApta anityatva Adi kI siddhi ke lie anumAna vAkya racate haiN| anyathA prativAdI ke dvArA kathita pakSa kI asAdhakatA kA sAdhana bhI nahIM bana sktaa| kyoMki asAdhakatA ko siddha karane vAlA sAdhana hI hai| anityapana sAdhyadharma kA hetu prayatnajanyatva, isa jJApaka kAraNa ke bhinna utpattidharmakatva, kRtakatva Adi dUsare kAraNa bhI vidyamAna haiN| una kAraNAntaroM se bhI anityatva sAdhya dharma kI siddhi ho sakatI hai| isalie prativAdI ke dvArA uThAyA gayA yaha pratiSedha yukta nahIM hai| kyoMki isameM kAraNoM ke niyama kA vacana nahIM diyA gayA hai| arthAt kAraNa ke hone para kArya hogA hI aisA niyama nahIM hai| abhijJApaka (jJapti ko karAne vAle hetu) ke binA jJApya (jAnane yogya sAdhya) nahIM ho sakatA, aisA koI niyama nahIM hai| sAdhya ke abhAva meM sAdhana ke nahIM rahane kA niyama vyavasthita hai| arthAt sAdhya ke abhAva meM sAdhana nahIM raha sktaa| yaha niyama hai| yahA~ taka upalabdhisamA jAti kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| (nyAya siddhAnta ke anusAra laukika, vaidika yA abhASAtmaka, ghanagarjana Adika sabhI zabda anitya mAne gaye haiM parantu mImAMsaka zabdoM ko nitya mAnate haiN| mImAMsaka kA kathana hai ki uccAraNa ke pUrva kAla meM bhI zabda akSuNNa rUpa se vidyamAna haiN| abhivyaMjaka kAraNoM ke abhAva meM unakA zrAvaNa pratyakSa nahIM hotA hai| isa mata kA naiyAyika khaNDana karate haiM) vidyamAna zabda kI anupalabdhi nahIM hai arthAt - uccAraNa ke pUrva kAla meM zabdoM kA astitva hone para bhI anupalabdhi hai| indriyoM ke dvArA grAhya nahIM hai, aisA nahIM kaha skte| kyoMki anupalabdhi ko siddha karane meM niSedha karane yogya zabda kI anupalabdhi se pUrvakAlIna zabda ke abhAva kA sAdhana karane para (abhAva ko siddha kara cukane para athavA usa AvaraNa kI anupalabdhi ke anupalambha se abhAva ko sAdhane para) usa abhAva ke viparyaya (viparItatA) se prastAvita artha kA vighAta karane ke lie upapatti uThAnA nirdoSa vidvAnoM ke dvArA anupalabdhisamA jAti kahI gaI hai|419-420 //
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika *313 kazcidAha, na prAguccAraNAdvidyamAnasya zabdasyAnupalabdhiH tadAvaraNazcAnupalabdherutpatteH prAgghaTAderiva / yasya tu darzanAt prAgvidyamAnasyAnupalabdhistasya nAvaraNAdyanupalabdhiH yathA bhUmyAvRttasyodakAdernAvaraNAdyanupalabdhizca zravaNAt prAk shbdsy| tasmAnna vidyamAnasyAnupalabdhirityavidyamAnaH zabdazravaNAtpUrvamanupalabdhiriti niSedhasya zabdasyAnupalabdhiryA tasyAzcAnupalabdherabhAvasya sAdhane kRte sati viparyAsAdabhAve'syopapattiranupalabdhisamA jAtiH prakIrtitAnadhaiH, prastutArthavighAtAya tasyAH pryogaat| taduktaM / "tadanupalabdheranupalaMbhAdabhAvasiddhau viparItopapatteranupalabdhisama" iti|| kathamiti zlokairupadarzayati koI kahatA hai ki vidyamAna zabda kI uccAraNa ke pUrva anupalabdhi nahIM hai| kyoMki usa zabda ke AvaraNa (bhUmi, bhIta, Adi ke samAna), asannikarSa (indriya aura artha kA sannikarSa nahIM honA), indriyaghAta (indriyoM kA vikala ho jAnA), sUkSmatA (paramANu ke samAna indriyagocara nahIM honA), mano'navasthAna (mana kA sthira nahIM honA), atidUratva (atyadhika dUra deza meM sthita rahanA), abhibhava (zabda kA tirobhUta honA) samAnAbhihAra (zabda kA samAna guNa vAle meM mizraNa ho jAnA) Adi ke dvArA anupalabdhi hone se utpatti ke pUrva ghaTAdi ke samAna zabda kI anupalabdhi nahIM hai| darzana ke pUrva vidyamAna jisa padArtha kI anupalabdhi hai, usake AvaraNa, asannikarSa, vyavadhAna Adi anupalabdhi nahIM hai| jaise bhUmi se AcchAdita jala Adi kI anupalabdhi nahIM hai| usI prakAra karNagocara ke pUrva zabda Adi kI bhI anupalabdhi nahIM hai arthAt upalabdhi hai| ataH vidyamAna zabda kI anupalabdhi nahIM hai apitu sunane ke pUrvakAla meM zabda vidyamAna hI nahIM hai arthAt zravaNagocara hone ke pUrva zabda kI upalabdhi hI nahIM hai| - isalie, niSedha karane yogya jo zabda kI anupalabdhi hai, usakI bhI anupalabdhi ho jAne se abhAva kA sAdhana karane para viparItatA se usa anupalabdhi ke abhAva kI upapatti karanA niSpApa vidvAnoM ke dvArA prativAdI kI anupalabdhisamA jAti kahI gayI hai| vAdI ke prastAvaprApta artha kA vighAta karane ke lie prativAdI ne usa jAti kA prayoga kiyA hai| so hI nyAya grantha meM likhA hai ki AvaraNa Adi bAdhaka kAraNoM kI anupalabdhi ke anupalaMbha se anupalabdhi kA abhAva siddha ho jAne para usake viparIta AvaraNa AdikoM kA astitva jAna liyA jAtA hai arthAt isalie vAdI ne jo kahA thA ki uccAraNa ke pUrva zabda vidyamAna nahIM hai isalie usakI upalabdhi nahIM hotI hai| yaha vAdI kA kathana siddha nahIM ho sktaa| jisa prakAra dRSTigocara nahIM hone vAle AvaraNoM kI anupalabdhi se unakA abhAva mAna liyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra anupalabhyamAna AvaraNAnupalabdhi kA abhAva bhI jAna liyA jAtA hai| isalie zabda ko nitya abhipreta karane vAle prativAdI kA yaha anupalabdhisama nAma kA pratiSedha hai| usa anupalabdhisama pratiSedha kA udAharaNa kisa prakAra hai? aisI jijJAsA hone para jainAcArya kahate
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 314 yathA na vidyamAnasya zabdasya prAgudIraNAt / azrutiH syAttadAvRttyA vA dRSTeriti bhASite / 421 / ' kazcidAvaraNAdInAmadRSTerapyadRSTitaH / saiva mA bhUttata: zabde satye vA'zravaNAttadA // 422 // vatyA svabhAvasaMsiddherabhAvAditi jalpati / prastatArthavidhAveva naiva saMvarNitaH svayaM // 423 // tadIdRzaM pratyavasthAnamasaMgatamityAvedayatitadasaMbaMdhamevAsyAnupalabdheH svayaM sdaa-| nuplbdhisvbhaavenoplbdhivissytvtH||424|| naivopalabdhyabhAvenAbhAvo ysmaatprsiddhyti| viparItopapattizca nAspadaM pratipadyate // 425 // zabdasyAvaraNAdIni prAguccAraNato na vai| sarvatropalabhe haMta ityAbAlamanAkulam // 426 // ttshcaavrnnaadiinaamdRsstterpydRssttitH| siddhyatyabhAva ityeSa nopAlaMbhaH prmaanvitH||427|| jisa prakAra udIraNA (uccAraNa) ke pUrva kAla meM vidyamAna nahIM hone vAle (avidyamAna) zabda kI azruti hai, vaha zrutigocara nahIM hai| kyoMki usa dRzya zabda kI anupalabdhi ke kAraNa AvaraNa, asannikarSa. . Adi bhI dRSTigocara nahIM ho rahe haiN| isa prakAra vAdI ke dvArA kahane para koI prativAdI kahatA hai ki AvaraNa AdikoM ke anapalambha kA bhI anapalaMbha hai| AvaraNoM kA bhI adarzana kA adarzana hai arthAta jaba zabda kA astitva hI nahIM hai to AvaraNa kisakA ho sakatA hai? isalie vaha AvaraNoM kA anupalaMbha bhI nahIM mAnanA caahie| aisI dazA meM AvaraNoM kA sadbhAva ho jAne se pUrva kAla meM zabda ke hone para una AvArakoM se AvRta ho jAne ke kAraNa usa samaya pUrva kAla meM zabda kA sunanA nahIM ho sakA hai| vastutaH zabda usa samaya vidyamAna thaa| una zabdoM ke AvaraNa Adi ke abhAva kI siddhi hone kA abhAva hai| ata: vAdI kA hetu prastAva prApta anitya artha kI vidhi karane meM hI svayaM varNanAyukta nahIM hai arthAt vAdI ne jo yaha pratijJA kI thI ki zabdoccAraNa ke pUrva vidyamAna zabda kI anupalabdhi nahIM hotI hai| isalie zabda ke nityapana meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| isa prakAra jAti ko kahane vAlA prativAdI jalpa kara rahA hai, kaha rahA hai|421-422-423 / / isa prakAra prativAdI kA pratyavasthAna uThAnA saMgatizUnya hai| isa kathana ko jainAcArya nivedana karate imic vaha prativAdI kA kahanA pUrvApara sambandha se rahita hai kyoMki AvaraNa AdikoM kI svayaM anupalabdhi mic __ anupalabdhi svarUpa svabhAva ke dvArA sadA anupalabdhi svayaM upalabdhi kA viSaya ho rahI hai| isalie upalabdhi svarUpa AvaraNa AdikoM kI anupalabdhi ke abhAva se AvaraNAnupalabdhi kA abhAva siddha nahIM hai| aura usakI siddhi nahIM hone para viparIta AvaraNa sadbhAva kI siddhi ho jAnA kaise bhI pratiSThA sthAna ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA // 424-425 // uccAraNa ke pUrva zabda ko yA usake AvaraNa AdikoM ko maiM niyama se sarvatra nahIM dekha rahA hU~, isa prakAra kA AkulatA rahita anubhava bAla gopAla sabhI ko ho rahA hai| isalie AvaraNa AdikoM kI anupalabdhi ko bhI anupalabdhi se AvaraNa anupalabdhi kA abhAva siddha ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra yaha prativAdI ke dvArA upAlaMbha denA pramA buddhi se anvita kArya nahIM hai||426-427||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 315 na vidyamAnasya zabdasya prAguccAraNAnupalabdhirAvaraNAdyanupalabdherityupapatteryatkasyacitpratyavasthAnaM tdaavrnnaadiinaamnu-plbdherpynuplNbhaat| saivAvaraNAdyanupalabdhirmA bhUt tataH zabdasya prAguccAraNAt sata evAzravaNaM tadAvaraNAdyabhAvasiddherabhAvAdAvaraNAdisadbhAvAditi saMbaMdharahitamevAnupalabdheH sarvadA svayamevAnupalabhasvabhAvatvAdupalabdhiviSayatvAt / yathaiva hyuplbdhirvissystthaanuplbdhirpi| kathamanyathAsti me ghaTopalabdhirnAsti me ghaTopalabdhiriti saMvedanamupapadyate yatazcaivamAvaraNAdyanupalabdhiranupalaMbhAnnaivAbhAvaH siddhyati tadasiddhau ca viparItasyAvaraNAdisadbhAvasyopapattizca nAspadaM pratipadyate / yatazca prAguccAraNAcchadbasyAvaraNAdIni sohaM naivopalabhe, tadanupalabdhimupalabhe sarvatretyAbAlamanAkulaM saMvedanamasti / tasmAdAvaraNAdInAmadRSTe na siddhyatyabhAva ityayamupAlaMbho na pramANAnvitaH, ___ uccAraNa ke pUrva avidyamAna zabda kI anupalabdhi hai (adarzana) hai| vidyamAna zabda kA adarzana nahIM hai| kyoMki AvaraNa Adi kI anupalabdhi hai| isa prakAra upapatti mAnane vAle vAdI ke prati, jisa kisI bhI prativAdI kI ora se pratyavasthAna uThAyA jAtA hai ki usa zabda ke AvaraNa, antarAla AdikoM kI anupalabdhi hone se anupalaMbha hai| isalie usa AvaraNa Adi kI anupalabdhi nahIM ho sakatI hai| isalie uccAraNa ke pUrva vidyamAna zabda kA azravaNa (sunane kA abhAva) usake AvaraNa ke kAraNa hai| arthAt zabda ke Upara AvaraNa hone se zabda ke uccAraNa ke pUrva vidyamAna zabda sunAI nahIM detA hai| isalie zabda anAdi kAla se pravAha rUpa se sarvadA sarvatra vidyamAna hai| tathA usake AvaraNa AdikoM ke abhAva kI siddhi kA abhAva ho jAne se AvaraNoM ke sadbhAva kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| aba siddhAntI kahate haiM ki isa prakAra zabda ke nityatva kI siddhi karanA upalabdhi rahita hone se sambandha rahita hai| yaha anupalabdhi svayaM anupalaMbha svabhAva vAlI hai| tathA vaha anupalabdhi usa svabhAva ke dvArA sadA upalabdhi kA viSaya hai| jisa prakAra upalabdhi jJAna kA viSaya hai, usI prakAra anupalabdhi bhI jJAna kA viSaya hai| anyathA (yadi anupalabdhi jJAna kA viSaya nahIM hai to) mujhe ghaTa kI upalabdhi hai, paTa kI upalabdhi nahIM hai| arthAt vahA~ para ghaTa hai - paTa nahIM hai| isa prakAra kA jJAna kaise utpanna ho sakatA hai? jisase "isa prakAra AvaraNa AdikoM kI anupalabdhi ke anupalaMbha se AvaraNa AdikoM kA abhAva siddha nahIM ho pAtA hai| aura AvaraNa kI asiddhi hone para AvaraNa ke abhAva ke viparIta AvaraNa Adi ke sadbhAva kI siddhi sthAna (pratiSThA) ko prApta nahIM ho sktii| arthAt nitya zabda ke abhAva meM AvaraNa ke sadbhAva kI siddhi bhI nahIM ho sktii| ___jisa kAraNa se uccAraNa ke pUrva zabda ke AvaraNa AdikoM ko maiM pratyakSa nahIM kara rahA hU~, dekha nahIM rahA hU~, tathA una AvaraNAdi ke anupalabdhi kA upalaMbha kara rahA hU~ arthAt unakI anupalabdhi pratyakSa dIkha rahI hai - isa prakAra sabhI sthAnoM para sabhI bAla gopAla ko AkulatA rahita saMvedana ho rahA hai| isalie prativAdI ke dvArA AvaraNAdikoM ke adRSTi (adarzana) hone se zabda ke AvaraNoM kA abhAva siddha nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra kA yaha upAlaMbha pramANa jJAna se yukta nahIM hai| kyoMki aisA mAnane para to sabhI sthaloM para upalaMbha aura anupalaMbha kI vyavasthA ke abhAva kA prasaMga AtA hai| isalie anupalabdhi kI bhI samaya kI
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 316 srvtroplNbhaanuplNbhvyvsthitybhaavprsNgaat| tatonupalabdherapi samayAnupalabdhyA pratyavasthAnamanupalabdhisamo dUSaNAbhAsa eveti prtipttvyN|| kA punaranityasamA jAtirityAhakRtakatvAdinA sAmyaM ghaTena yadi sAdhayet / zabdasyAnityatAM sarvaM vastvanityaM tadA na kim|428| anityena ghaTenAsya sAdharmyaM gamayetsvayaM / sattvena sAmyamAtrasya vizeSAprativedanAt // 429 // ityanityena yA nAma pratyavasthA vidhiiyte| sAtrAnityasamA jAtirvijJeyA nyAyabAdhanAt / 430 / anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAdghaTavaditi prayukte sAdhane yadA kazcitpratyavatiSThate yadi zabdasya ghaTena sAdharmyAt kRtakatvAdinA kRtvA sAdhayedanityatvaM tadA sarvaM vastu anityaM kiM na gamyet? sattvena kRtvA sAdharmya, anityena ghaTena sAdharmyamAtrasya vizeSApravedAditi / tadevamanityasamA jAtirvijJeyA nyAyena bAdhyamAnatvAt / taduktaM / "sAdharmyAttulyadharmopapatteH sarvAnityatvaprasaMgAdanityasamA" iti|| . anupalabdhi se ulAhanA dekara AvaraNoM kA abhAva siddha karanA anupalabdhisamA dUSaNAbhAsa hai, aisA samajhanA caahie| bhAvArtha - mujhe yahA~ para ghaTa upalabdha nahIM ho rahA hai| isa anupalabdhi kA jJAna ke dvArA saMvedana ho rahA hai| ata: upalabdhi ke samAna anupalabdhi bhI jJAna kA viSaya hai| isalie anupalabdhi jAti kA kathana karanA dUSaNAbhAsa hai| bAIsavIM anityasamA jAti kA lakSaNa kyA hai? aisA pUchane para AcArya kahate haiM - yadi kRtakatva prayatnajanyatva Adi hetuoM ke dvArA ghaTa ke sAtha zabda kI anityatA kA sAdharmya siddha kiyA jAtA hai to sarva vastu anitya kyoM nahIM hoMgI? kyoMki anitya ghaTa ke sAtha sattva ke dvArA kevala sAdharmya ho jAne se sarva vastuoM kA sAdharmya samajhA jaayegaa| kyoMki sabhI vastu sattva kI apekSA sAdharmya hai| sAmyamAtra kI (sattva mAtra kI) apekSA se vizeSatA kA vedana nahIM hotA hai| arthAt sattva sAmAnya kI apekSA kisI bhI padArtha meM vizeSatA nahIM hai| jisase isa prakAra "anityena samA' nAmaka pratyavasthAna (ulAhanA) diyA jAtA hai| aisA anityasamA jAti kA lakSaNa kahane para siddhAntI kahate haiM ki yahA~ para yaha anityasamA jAti nyAya grantha se bAdhita hai| aisA jAnanA caahie| arthAt nyAya granthoM meM vastu ko siddha karane ke lie anityasamA jAti kA prayoga karanA prativAdI kA asat uttara hai||428-429-430 // "ghaTa ke samAna kRtakatva (kisI kA kiyA huA hone) se zabda anitya haiN|" isa prakAra samIcIna hetu kA prayoga karane para koI prativAdI zaMkA uThAtA hai ki yadi zabda kA ghaTa ke sAtha kRtakatva Adi ke sAtha sAdharmya ho jAne se zabda kA anityapanA siddha kiyA jAyegA to sAdharmya ke dvArA sabhI vastue~ anitya kyoM nahIM samajhI jAyeMgI? kyoMki anitya ghaTa ke sAtha sattva dvArA sAdharmya ko mukhya karake kevala sAdharmya sarvatra pAyA jAtA hai| ghaTa ke sattva meM tathA anya vastuoM ke sattva meM vizeSatA kA pratibhAsa nahIM ho rahA hai| ata: sarva vastuoM ko anitya kyoM nahIM siddha kiyA jAtA hai? siddhAntavAdI isake pratyuttara meM kahate
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika *317 etacca sarvamasamaMjasamityAhaniSedhasya tathoktasyAsiddhiprApteH smtvtH| pakSaNAsiddhimAptenetyazeSamasamaMjasaM // 431 // pakSasya hi niSedhyasya prtipkssobhilpyte| niSedho dhIdhanairatra tasyaiva vinivrtkH||432|| pratijJAnAdiyogastu tayoH saadhrmymissyte| sarvatrAsaMbhavAttena vinA pakSavipakSayoH // 433 // tatosiddhiryathA pakSe vipakSepi tathAstu saa| nocedanityatA zabde ghaTavannAkhilArthagA // 434 // haiM ki yaha anityasamA jAti nyAya ke dvArA bAdhita hai - aisA jAnanA caahie| arthAt anityasamA jAti dUSaNAbhAsa hai| so hI nyAya darzana meM kahA hai ki sAdharmya se (ghaTa dRSTAnta kA sAdharmya kRtakatva se) tulyadharma (anityatva) kI upapatti (upalabdhi) hone se sarva padArthoM ke anityatva kA prasaMga Ane se anityasamA jAti hotI hai| arthAt sarna vastu ko anitya mAnane para vAdI ke hetu meM vyatireka dRSTAnta ghaTita nahIM hotaa| ata: anityasamA jAti siddha nahIM hotii| prativAdI ke dvArA kathita anityasamA jAti asamaMjasa hai (nIti mArga se viruddha hai)| isI ko jainAcArya kahate haiM - asiddhi ko prApta pratiSedhya pakSa ke sAdharmya se prativAdI dvArA kathita niSedha kI bhI asiddhi honA samAna rUpa se prApta hai arthAt jisa kisI bhI sAdharmya se sabako sAdhyasahitatva ko svIkAra karane para zabda sambandhI anityatva ke pratiSedha kI asiddhi ho jaayegii| isaliye prativAdI kA anitya sama jAti uThAnA azeSa asamaMjasa hai| arthAt nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai||431|| yaha prativAdI kA prayAsa svapakSa kA ghAtaka hai| .. prativAdI ke dvArA niSedha karane yogya vAdI ke pakSa kA niSedha karanA dhIdhanoM (buddhi rUpI dhana ke dhanI vidvAnoM) ke dvArA pratipakSa mAnA gayA hai, kahA gayA hai| jo ki usa prativAdI ke pakSa kI vizeSa rUpa se nivRtti karane vAlA hai||432|| / una donoM pakSa pratipakSoM kA sAdharmya to pratijJA, hetu Adi avayavoM kA yoga honA kahalAtA hai| arthAt vAdI aura prativAdI donoM ke hI anumAna meM pratijJA Adi anumAna ke aMga vidyamAna haiN| anumAna ke pratijJA, hetu Adi avayava ke binA sarvatra pakSa aura vipakSa kA honA asaMbhava hai| isalie jisa prakAra prativAdI ke vicArAnusAra vAdI ke pakSa meM pratijJA Adi kI asiddhi hai, usI prakAra prativAdI ke vipakSa meM bhI pratijJA Adi kI asiddhi hai| kyoMki pratiSedhya kA sAdharmya pratijJAdiyuktatA kA sadbhAva prativAdI ke pratiSedha meM bhI samAna rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai| yadi prativAdI svakIya iSTa kI asiddhi hone ko nahIM mAnatA hai to hama kaheMge ki ghaTa ke sAtha sAdharmya ko prApta kRtakatva Adi hetuoM se zabda meM anityapanA hai| parantu sattva ke sAtha sAdharmya hone se sampUrNa padArthoM meM prApta anityatA nahIM hai| isalie yaha anityasamA jAti dUSaNAbhAsa hai||433-434 / /
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika *318 dRSTAMtepi ca yo dharmaH saadhysaadhnbhaavtH| prajJAyate sa evAtra heturuktorthasAdhanaH // 435 // tasya kenacidarthena samAnatvAtsadharmatA / kenacittu vizeSAtsyAdvaidharmyamiti nizcayaH // 436 // heturviziSTasAdharmyaM na tu sAdharmyamAtrakaM / sAdhyasAdhanasAmarthyabhAgayaM na ca sarvagaH // 437 / / sattvena ca sadharmatvAt srvsyaanityternne| doSaH pUrvodito vAcyaH sAvizeSa: samAzrayaH 438 / tena prakAreNokto yo niSedhastasyApyasiddhiprasakterasamaMjasamazeSa syAdityanityasamavAdinaH kuta iti cet, pakSaNAsiddhiM prAptena smaantvaatprtissedhsyeti| niSedhyo hyatra pakSaH pratiSedhastasya pratiSedhakaH kathyate dhImadbhiH pratipakSa iti prasiddhiH tayozca pakSapratipakSayoH sAdharmya pratijJAdibhiryoga iSyate tena vinA tayoH srvtraasNbhvaat| tataH pratijJAdiyogAdyathA pakSasyAsiddhistathA prtipksssyaapystu| atha satyapi sAdharmya kiMca, jo dharma dRSTAnta meM sAdhya aura sAdhana bhAva se jAnA jA rahA hai, vahI dharma yahA~ para sAdhya rUpa artha ko siddha karane vAlA hetu kahA gayA hai| usa hetu kI dRSTAnta ke kisI artha (dharma) ke sAtha samAnatA hone se sadharmatA bana jAtI hai (sAdharmya kahA jAtA hai)| aura dRSTAnta ke kisI-kisI artha ke sAtha vizeSatA ho jAne se vaidharmya kahalAtA hai - yaha nizcaya hai| isalie viziSTa rUpa se sthita sAdharmya hI hetu kI jJApakatA kA kAraNa hai| kevala sAdharmya mAtra (vizeSatA rahita kevala sAdharmya) hetu kA sAmarthya nahIM hai| ataH sAdhya ko sAdhane (siddha karane) ke sAmarthya kA vibhAga karane vAlA viziSTa sAdharmya hai| vaha hetu kA prANa hai aura vaha viziSTa sAdharmya hetu sattva ke sAdharmya mAtra se sampUrNa padArthoM meM prApta nahIM hai| ataH sattva ke sAtha sadharmatA hone se sarva padArthoM kI anityatA (sarva padArthoM ko anitya) kahane meM samartha nahIM hai| tathA pUrva meM anityasamA jAti meM kahI gayI avizeSasamA jAti ke Azraya se hone vAle sarva doSa yahA~ bhI kathanaM karane yogya haiN| arthAt avizeSasamA jAti meM saMbhava doSoM kA sadbhAva anityasamA jAti meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai||435-438|| siddhAntavAdI ne anityasamA jAti ko dUSaNAbhAsa kahA thaa| kyoMki prativAdI ke dvArA jo pratiSedha kahA gayA hai, usa pratiSedha kI bhI asiddhi kA prasaMga AtA hai| isalie prativAdI kA sarva kathana asamaMjasa (anItipUrNa) hai| zaMkA - isa prakAra anityasamA jAti ko kahane vAle kA kathana (anitya nitya samavAdI kA kathana) asamaMjasa kyoM hai? samAdhAna - prativAdI ke dvArA kiyA gayA pratiSedha to asiddhi ko prApta pakSa ke samAna hai arthAt pakSa kI asiddhi ke samAna pratiSedha kI bhI asiddhi ho jAtI hai| niSedha karane yogya pratiSedhya ho rahA anityatva to vAdI kA iSTa pakSa mAnA gayA hai| aura buddhimAnoM ke dvArA usakA pratiSedha karane vAlA niSedha prativAdI kA abhISTa pratipakSa kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra pakSa aura pratipakSa prasiddha haiN| una pakSa aura pratipakSoM kA sadharmapanA pratijJA, hetu Adi ke sAtha yoga honA iSTa kiyA gayA hai| una pratijJA Adi anumAna ke aMgoM ke binA pakSa aura pratipakSa kI sarvatra asaMbhavatA hai| isalie jisa prakAra pratijJAdi ke yoga se vAdI ke pakSa kI asiddhi hai, usI prakAra prativAdI ke abhimata pratipakSa
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 319 pakSapratipakSayoH pakSasyaivAsiddhirna pratipakSasyeti manyate tarhi ghaTena sAdharmyAtkRtakatvAde: shbdsyaanitytaastu| sakalArthAgatva nityatA tena sAdharmyamAtrAt mA bhUditi samaMjasaM / api ca, dRSTAMte ghaTAdau yo dharmaH sAdhyasAdhanabhAvena prajJAyate kRtakatvAdiH sa evAtra siddhihetuH sAdhyasAdhanorabhihitastasya ca kenacidarthena sapakSeNa samAnatvAtsAdharmya kenacidvipakSaNAsamAnatvAdvaidharmyamiti nizcayo nyaayvidaaN| tato viziSTasAdharmyameva hetuH sAdhyasAdhanasAmarthyabhAk / sa ca na sarvArtheSvanityatve sAdhye saMbhavatIti na sarvagataH / sarve bhAvA: kSaNikAH sattvAditi saMbhavatyeveti cet na, anvyaasNbhvaadvytirekaanishcyaat| kiM ca, na sattvena sAdharmyAtsarvasya padArthasyAnityatvasAdhane sarvo avizeSasamAzrayo doSaH pUrvodito vaacyH| sarvasyAnityatvaM sAdhayanneva zabdasyAnityatvaM pratiSedhatIti kathaM svastha ityaadiH| tanneyamanityasamA jAtiravizeSasamAto bhidyamAnApi kthNciduppttimtiiti|| kI bhI asiddhi hogii| tathA sAdharmya ke hone para bhI pakSa, pratipakSa meM pakSa kI hI asiddhi hogI parantu pratipakSa kI asiddhi nahIM ho sktii| isake pratyuttara meM siddhAntI kahate haiM ki - isa prakAra ghaTa ke sAtha sAdharmya bhUta kRtakapana, prayatnajanyatva Adi hetuoM se zabda kI anityatA siddha hotI hai aura sampUrNa padArthoM meM rahane vAle usa tattva dharma ke kevala sAdharmya se sakala arthoM meM prasaMga prApta ho jAne vAlI anityatA nahIM ho sktii| isalie anityasamA jAti asamaMjasa hai| kiMca, ghaTa Adi dRSTAntoM meM kRtakatva Adi jo dharma sAdhya sAdhana ke dvArA jAnA jAtA hai, vahI dharma yahA~ pakSa meM sAdhya kI sAdhana dvArA siddhi hone kA hetu kahA gayA hai| usakA kisI sapakSa artha ke sAtha samAnapanA hone se sAdharmya hai| aura kisI vipakSa artha ke sAtha asamAnatA hone se vaidharmya hai| yaha nyAya vettA vidvAnoM kA nizcaya hai| isalie viziSTa artha ke sAtha hone vAlA sadharmApana hI hetu kI zakti hai| tathA sAdhya ke sAdhane kI sAmarthya kA dhAraka samIcIna hetu hotA hai| vaha samartha hetu sampUrNa arthoM meM sattA dvArA anityatva ko sAdhya karane para saMbhava nahI hai| isalie hetu sarvagata nahIM hai arthAt hetu sampUrNa padArthoM kA jJApaka nahIM hai| bauddha kahate haiM ki - "sarva padArtha kSaNika haiM, sattva hone se'' isa anumAna meM sarva padArthoM ko anitya siddha karane vAlA sattva hetu sampUrNa padArthoM meM hai hii| isake pratyuttara meM nyAya siddhAntavedI kahate haiM ki aisA kahanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki sarva padArthoM ko pakSa mAna lene para anvaya dRSTAnta aura vyatireka dRSTAnta kI asaMbhavatA aura anizcayatA hai| athavA - sattva ke sAtha sAdharmya ho jAne se sampUrNa padArthoM ke anityatva sAdhana meM sarva pUrva kathita avizeSa samAzraya doSa vAcya (kahane yogya) hote haiN| sarva padArthoM ke anityatva ko siddha karatA huA yaha prativAdI zabda ke anityatva kA pratiSedha kara rahA hai| aisI dazA meM vaha svastha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai arthAt sarva padArthoM ko to anitya kahatA hai- parantu zabda ko anitya nahIM mAnatA hai, vaha svastha kaise ho sakatA hai? isaliye anityasamA jAti avizeSasamA jAti se kathaJcit bheda ko prApta hokara kaise utpanna ho sakatI
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 320 anityaH zabda ityukte nitytvprtyvsthitiH| jAtirnityasamA vakturajJAnAtsaMpravartate // 439 // zabdAzrayamanityatvaM nityaM vAnityameva vaa| nitye zabdopi nityaM syAttadAdhAro'nyathA kva tt|440| tatrAnityepyayaM doSaH syaadnitytvvicyutau| nityaM zabdasya sadbhAvAdityetaddhi na sNgtm|441|| anityatvapratijJAne tanniSedhavirodhataH / svayaM tadapratijJAnepyeSa tasya niraashryH||442|| sarvadA kimanityatvamiti prshnopysNbhvii| prAdurbhUtasya bhAvasya nirodhizca tadiSyate // 443 // nAzrayAzrayibhAvopi vyAghAtAdanayoH sdaa| nityAnityatvayorekavastunISTau virodhtH||444|| tato nAnityatA zabde nitytvprtyvsthitiH| paraiH zakyA nirAkartuM vAcAlairjayalolupaiH 445 / hai| arthAt kisI bhI prakAra se utpanna nahIM ho sktii| kRtaka hone se zabda anitya hai aisA kahane para jo zabda ke nityatva kA pratyavasthAna uThAtA hai vaha nityasamA jAti vaktA ke ajJAna se pravartta hotI hai|439|| arthAt nityasamA jAti kahanA vaktA kA ajJAna hai| zabda ke Azraya rahane vAlA anityatva kyA sarvadA rahane vAlA hone se nitya hai? yA sarvadA nahIM rahane vAlA hone se anitya hai? yadi zabdAzrita rahane vAlA anityatva dharma nitya hai taba to nitya kA AdhAra zabda bhI nitya hai| arthAt nitya dharma kA AdhAra zabda bhI nitya honA caahie| anyathA (yadi zabda ko anitya mAnA jAyegA to) vaha zabda kA anitya dharma kisake AdhAra para rahegA? arthAt zabda ko nitya mAnane para hI anityapana dharma sadA kAla raha sakatA hai| anyathA nahIM / / 440 // ___ zabda meM rahane vAle anitya dharma ko kSaNabhaMgura mAnA jAyegA to bhI yaha doSa aayegaa| kyoMki jaba zabda meM rahane vAlA anitya dharma hamezA rahane vAlA nahIM hai to anitya dharma kA nAza ho jAne para zabda ke nityapane kA sadbhAva ho jAne se zabda kI nityatA siddha ho jAtI hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki isa prakAra kahanA nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai| kyoMki isa prakAra kahane vAle prativAdI ne zabda kA anityapanA svIkAra kara liyA hai| tabhI to kahatA hai ki zabda kA anitya dharma nitya hai ki anitya hai| isalie zabda ke anitya dharma ko svIkAra kara lene para phira usako nitya kahanA anitya kA niSedha karanA pratijJA ke viruddha par3atA hai| arthAt svayaM anitya svIkAra karake usakA niSedha nahIM kara skte| ataH prativAdI kA kathana pUrvApara saMgatirahita hai| tathA yadi prativAdI zabda ko svayaM anitya svIkAra nahIM karatA hai to usakA anityapane kA niSedha karanA Azraya rahita hogaa| arthAt yadi zabda ko anitya nahIM mAnatA hai- to yaha vikalpa kisake Azraya uThAye jA sakate haiM ki zabda kA anityapanA anitya hai ki nitya hai? isalie prativAdI ke dvArA zabda ke anityatva kA khaNDana nahIM ho sakatA // 441-442 / / prakaTa rUpa se utpanna hue padArtha kA naSTa ho jAnA hI anityapanA hai| aisI dazA meM zabda kA dharma anityatva 'yaha nitya hai ki anitya hai,' isa prakAra kA prazna uThAnA bhI asaMbhava doSa yukta hai||443|| tathA-jAtivAdI ke yahA~ AdhAra Adheya bhAva bhI nahIM bana sakatA hai| kyoMki nitya vastu meM anityapane kA vyAghAta hai - aura anitya vastu meM nityapane kA vyAghAta hai| kiMca-eka hI vastu meM nitya
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 321 atha kAryasamA jAtirabhidhIyateprayatnAnekakAryatvAjAti: kaarysmoditaa| nRprayatnodbhavatvena zabdAnityatvasAdhane // 446 // prayatnAnaMtaraM tAvadAtmalAbhaH samIkSitaH / kuMbhAdInAM tathA vyaktirvyavadhAnepyapohanAt // 447 / / tadbuddhilakSaNAt pUrvaM staamevetynitytaa| prayatnAnaMtaraM bhAvAnna shbdsyaavishesstH||448|| tatrottaramidaM zabdaH prayatnAnaMtarodbhavaH / prAgadRSTinimittasyAbhAvepyanupalabdhitaH / / 449 // sattvAbhAvAdabhUtvAsya bhAvo janmaiva gamyate / nAbhivyaktiH sataH pUrvaM vyavadhAnAvyapohanAt / 450 / aura anitya donoM dharma mAnanA nyAya siddhAnta (mImAMsaka mata) ke anusAra viruddha hai| arthAt "anitya dharma kA nitya avasthAna rahane se zabda nitya hai"- yaha jAtivAda kA kathana dUSaNAbhAsa hai| isalie jItane kI adhika tRSNA rakhane vAle atyadhika vAcAla dUsare jAtivAdiyoM ke dvArA zabda meM pratiSThita anitya dharma kA nityatva ke pratyavasthAna (prazna) uThAkara nirAkaraNa karanA zakya nahIM hai| arthAt asaMgata, viruddha, vyAghAtayukta aura asaduttara aise avAcya vacanoM kA kathana karane se kisI ko jaya prApta nahIM ho sakatI hai|444-445 // nityasamA jAti ke anantara nyAyasiddhAnta ke anusAra kAryasamA jAti kA kathana kiyA jA rahA jIva ke prayatna se sampAdana karane yogya kArya aneka prakAra ke hote haiM - isa prakAra pratiSedha uThAnA (yA kathana karanA) kAryasamA jAti hai| jaise zabda ko anitya siddha karane meM manuSya ke prayatna se utpanna hone se zabda anitya hai aisA kahA jAtA hai||446|| zabda kA uccAraNa ke pUrva kAla meM sadbhAva nahIM thaa| punaH jIva prayatna ke anantara zabda kA AtmalAbha dekhA jAtA hai| jaise ghaTAdika pUrva kAla meM nahIM the| ghaTAdika kI vyakti (utpatti) vyavahita padArthoM ke vyavadhAyaka artha ko prayatna dvArA pRthak kara dene para hI hotI hai||447|| - dvitIya vicAra anusAra sambhava hai ki zabda bhI puruSa prayatna se utpanna kiyA gayA nahIM hokara nitya sat ho rahA vyakta kara diyA gayA ho| prayatna dvArA zabda kI utpatti huI athavA abhivyakti huI hai- ina donoM mantavyoM meM se eka anityapane ke Agraha ko hI rakSita rakhane meM koI vizeSa hetu nahIM hai| una zabdoM kA zrAvaNapratyakSa honA isa svarUpa se pahale bhI vidyamAna ho rahe zabdoM kA sadbhAva hI thaa| isa prakAra prayatnAnantara se zabda kI utpatti ho jAne se anityapanA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki sadbhAva rUpa se sthita zabda kAraNAntaroM se abhivyakta hote haiM, prakaTa hote haiM aisA kahanA isameM zabda kI koI vizeSatA nahIM hai| arthAt zabda ke utpAdaka aura abhivyaMjaka kAraNoM se zabda kI utpatti aura abhivyakti meM koI vizeSatA dRSTigocara nahIM ho rahI hai| isa prakAra donoM kAryasamAna hone se kAryasamA jAti kahalAtI hai| isa prakAra viparyaya samA, bheda-abheda samA, AkAMkSA samA, vibhAva samA Adi aneka jAtiyA~ caubIsa jAtiyoM meM hI garbhita ho jAtI haiN||448|| ... aba siddhAntavAdI kAryasamA jAti kA asat uttarapanA sAdhate haiN| isa sambandha meM vidyAnanda AcArya kahate haiM- ki zabda (pakSa) prayatna ke antara utpanna hotA hai (sAdhya) kyoMki uccAraNa ke pUrva meM
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 322 anaikAMtikatA hetorevaM cedupapadyate / pratiSedhopi sA tulyA tato'sAdhaka eva sH||451|| vidhAviva niSedhepi samA hi vyabhicAritA / vizeSasyoktitazcAyaM hetordoSo nivaaritH||452|| evaM bhedena nirdiSTA jJAtayo diSTaye tathA / caturviMzatiranyAzcAnaMtA bodhyAstathA budhaiH // 453 // naitAbhirnigraho vAde satyasAdhanavAdinaH / sAdhanAbhaM bruvANastu tata eva nigRhyate // 454 // zabda kI anupalabdhi ke nimitta kA abhAva hone para bhI usa samaya zabda kI anupalabdhi hai (hetu) / jaise ghaTa kI utpatti ke pUrva samaya meM ghaTa kI anupalabdhi hone se ghaTa kA utpanna honA mAnA jAtA hai| (anvaya dRSTAnta) jo pUrva meM nahIM thA, puna: kAraNoM se utpanna huA hai, vahI padArtha kA janma kahalAtA hai| arthAt .. uccAraNa ke parva zabda kA sadbhAva nahIM thA. tAla oSTha Adi kAraNoM se utpanna haA hai| kAraNoM ke dvArA kisI vyavadhAyaka (vyAghAtaka) padArtha kA nirAkaraNa karake pUrva meM vidyamAna zabda kI abhivyakti nahIM kI jAtI hai| arthAt jaise bAdaloM ke haTa jAne se sUrya prakaTa hotA hai| vaise bAdhaka kAraNoM ke haTa jAne se zabda * * utpanna hotA hai aisA kahanA ucita nahIM hai|449-450|| puruSa ke prayatna ke dvArA AdhArako (zabda ke vyAghAta kAraNoM ke) dUra ho jAne se pUrva kAla meM vidyamAna padArtha kI abhivyakti hotI hai| aura bahuta se padArthoM kI prayatna se navIna utpatti bhI hotI hai| isalie zabda kA anityapanA siddha karane meM diyA gayA hetu vyabhicArI (anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa) hai| isa prakAra hetu kI anaikAntikatA utpanna hotI hai| isake pratyuttara meM jainAcArya kahate haiM ki aisA kahane para to niSedha meM bhI anaikAMtika doSa samAna rUpa se lAgU hotA hai| isalie tumhArA kArya sama jAti bhI svapakSa kI sAdhaka nahIM hai, apitu asAdhaka hI hai|451|| tathA vidhi ke samAna niSedha meM bhI samAna vyabhicAra doSa hai| vizeSa ko kahane vAle hetu ke kathana se yaha doSa nivArita ho sakatA hai arthAt prativAdI kahatA hai ki prayatna ke dvArA zabda utpanna hotA hai, abhivyakta nahIM hotA hai| naiyAyika ke pAsa isakA nirNAyaka koI vizeSa hetu nahIM hai| naiyAyika bhI isake pratyuttara meM kahatA hai - prayatna ke dvArA zabda utpanna nahIM hotA hai abhivyakta hotA hai| isake nirNaya meM bhI zabda ko anitya kahane vAle ke pAsa koI vizeSa hetu nahIM hai (isalie) donoM pakSoM meM vizeSa hetu nahIM hone se yaha hetu anaikAntika ho jAtA hai||452|| isa prakAra bheda rUpa se ziSyoM ko samajhAne ke lie caturviMzati (24) jAtiyoM kA diGmAtra (izArA rUpa se) kathana kiyA hai| isI prakAra buddhimAnoM ko ananta jAtiyA~ jAna lenI caahie| arthAt jitane bhI saMgatihIna, prasaMgarahita, anupayogI asat uttara haiM, ve saba nyAyasiddhAnta anusAra jAtiyoM meM parigaNita haiN||453|| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki ina caubIsa yA ananta jAtiyoM ke dvArA vAda meM satya hetu kA kathana karane vAle vAdI kA nigraha (parAjaya) nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki dUsaroM ko parAjita karane ke lie aura svapakSa kI
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 323 nigrahAya prakalpyaMte tvetA jalpavitaMDayoH / jigISayA pravRttAnAmiti yaugA: pracakSate / 455 / tatredaM durghaTaM tAvajAte: sAmAnyalakSaNaM / sAdharyeNetareNApi pratyavasthAnamIritam // 456 // sAdhanAbhaprayogepi tjjaatitvprsNgtH| dUSaNAbhAsarUpasya jAtitvena prakIrtane // 457 // astu mithyottaraM jaatirklNkoktlkssnnaa| sAdhanAbhAsavAde ca nayasyAsambhavAdvare // 458 // yuktaM tAvadiha yadanaMtA jAtaya iti vacanaM tatheSTatvAdasaduttarANAmAnaMtyaprasiddheH / saMkSepatastu vizeSatastu vizeSeNa caturviMzatirityayuktaM, jAtyaMtarANAmapi bhAvAt / teSAmAsvevAMtarbhAvAdadoSa iti cet na, siddhi ke lie hetvAbhAsa ko kahane vAdI vA prativAdI svayaM hetvAbhAsa ke dvArA nigRhIta ho jAtA hai| isalie jAtiyoM kA utthAna karanA upayukta nahIM hai|454|| naiyAyikoM ne vItarAga puruSoM kI kathA (saMbhASaNa) ko vAda svIkAra kiyA hai| usa vAda meM pramANa aura tarka se sAdhana aura ulAhane diye jAte haiN| jalpa aura vitaNDA rUpa bhASaNa meM jAtiyoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| isalie paraspara meM jItane kI icchA se pravartta rahe vAdI, prativAdiyoM ke jalpa aura vitaNDA nAmaka zAstrArtha meM ukta jAtiyoM ko nigraha karAne ke lie samartha mAnA hai| isa prakAra yogA (naiyAyika) svakIya siddhAnta kA kathana karate haiN| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki usakA yaha kathana durghaTa hai arthAt avyApti, ativyApti aura asaMbhava doSa se rahita lakSaNa apane lakSyoM meM ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| isa lakSaNa ke anusAra hetvAbhAsa kA prayoga karane meM vAdI ko jAtipane kA prasaMga AtA hai, kyoMki, sAdharmya aura vaidharmya ke dvArA ulAhanA denA, jAti kA sAmAnya lakSaNa hai| jAti meM bhI sAdharmya aura vaidharmya kA prasaMga uThAyA jAtA hai| isalie jAti kA lakSaNa ativyApti doSa se yukta hai|455-456|| bhAvArtha -- naiyAyikoM ne hetvAbhAsoM kI solaha mUla padArthoM meM gaNanA kI hai tathA nigrahasthAnoM meM bhI hetvAbhAsa kA pATha hai| parantu jAti kA lakSaNa karate samaya ve mUla sthAna aura nigraha sthAna lakSya nahIM haiM (alakSya haiN)| isalie alakSya meM lakSaNa kA jAnA hI ativyApti hai| . yadi jAti kA dUsarA nirdoSa lakSaNa dUSaNAbhAsa rUpa kathana kareMge to hetvAbhAsa meM pUrva kathita lakSaNa ke rahane se ativyApti kA nivAraNa ho jAtA hai, kyoMki hetvAbhAsa to samIcIna dUSaNa haiN| vastutaH dUSaNa na hokara dUSaNa sadRza dikhatA hai vaha dUSaNAbhAsa nahIM hai| ata: isa lakSaNa meM ativyApti nahIM hai aisA bhI nahIM kahanA caahie| dUSaNAbhAsa ko jAtitva kahane para bhI avyApti doSa AtA hai| astu, usakA kathana granthakAra svayameva kareMge / / 457 / / akalaMka deva ne "mithyA uttara denA jAti hai" - yaha jAti kA nirdoSa lakSaNa kahA hai| kyoMki svapakSa kI siddhi ke lie vAdI ke dvArA hetvAbhAsa kA kathana karane para bhI vAdI ko jayaprApti honA asaMbhava hai||458|| tathA naiyAyikoM ne upalakSaNa mAnakara jo aneka jAtiyA~ svIkAra kI haiM, unakA yaha kathana yukta (ThIka) hai, ananta mithyA uttaroM ko dene vAlI jAtiyA~ hama (jainAcAryoM) ko bhI iSTa hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 324 jAtisAmAnyalakSaNasya tatra durghtttvaat| sAdharmyavaidhAbhyAM pratyavasthAnaM jAtirityetaddhi sAmAnyalakSaNaM jAterudIritaM yaugairetacca na sugharTa, sAdhanAbhAsaprayogepi sAdharmyavaidhAbhyAM pratyavasthAnasya jaatitvprsNgaat| tatheSTatvAnna doSa ityeke| tathAhi-asAdhau sAdhane prayukte yo jAtInAM prayoga: sonabhijJatayA vA sAdhanadoSaH syAt, taddoSapradarzanArthatvAprasaMgavyAjeneti / tadapyayuktaM / svayamudyotakaraNa sAdhanAbhAse prayukte jAtiprayogasya kyoMki asat uttaroM kA anantapanA prasiddha hai| arthAt jaya prApta na hone para anupayogI carcA karanA, gAlI denA Adi asamIcIna asat uttara prasiddha hI haiN| parantu naiyAyikoM ne saMkSepa se yA vizeSata: vizeSa rUpa se gaNanA karake caubIsa jAtiyA~ kahI haiM, yaha kathana yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| kyoMki jAtyantara asaMkhyAta jAtiyoM kA bhI sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai| ina caubIsa jAtiyoM meM hI asaMkhyAta jAtiyoM kA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| isalie isameM ativyApti Adi koI doSa nahIM hai - aisA bhI kahanA ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki naiyAyikoM ke siddhAnta meM jAti kA sAmAnya lakSaNa ghaTita nahIM ho rahA hai| ata: sAmAnya lakSaNa ke ghaTita nahIM hone se caubIsa antarjAtiyoM meM asaMkhyAta antarjAtiyoM kA antarbhAva honA asaMbhava hai| sAdharmya aura vaidharmya ke dvArA pratyavasthAna (ulAhanA) denA jAti hai| naiyAyikoM ne yahI jAti kA sAmAnya lakSaNa nyAya sUtrA meM kahA hai| parantu yaha jAti kA lakSaNa sughaTa (samIcIna) nahIM hai (avyApti ativyApti aura asaMbhava doSa se yukta hai)| tathA hetvAbhAsa ke prayoga bhI sAdharmya aura vaidharmya ke dvArA pratyavasthAna kI saMbhavatA hone se hetvAbhAsa meM bhI jAtitva kA prasaMga aayegaa| isalie naiyAyikoM ke dvArA kathita jAti kA sAmAnya lakSaNa prazasta nahIM hai| koI prativAdI kahatA hai ki hetvAbhAsa ke prayoga meM bhI sAdharmya aura vaidharmya dvArA pratyavasthApanA rUpa jAtipanA iSTa hone se koI doSa nahIM hai| kyoMki asAdhu meM prayukta sAdhana meM jo jAtiyoM kA (asat ulAhanoM) kA prayoga hai, vaha anabhijJa hone se sAdhana kA doSa hotA hai| arthAt asamIcIna hetu (hetvAbhAsa) ke prayoga karane para jo jAtiyoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, vaha hetu ke doSoM kI anabhijJatA se kiyA gayA isalie jAtiyoM kA prayoga hetu kA doSa samajhA jAtA hai| athavA prasaMga ke bahAne se usa hetu ke doSoM kA pradarzana karane ke lie jAtiyoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| arthAt mUrkhatA se vA apane jItane ke cAturya se chala-kapaTa karake jAtiyoM kA prayoga karanA saMbhava hai? isake pratyuttara meM jainAcArya kahate haiM ki aisA kahanA yuktirahita hai| kyoMki naiyAyikoM ke siddhAnta ko jAnane vAle udyotakara nAmaka paMDita ne hetvAbhAsa kA prayoga karane ke pazcAt puna: jAti kA prayoga karane kA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai (niSedha kiyA) hai| arthAt vAdI ke pakSa kA khaNDana karane ke lie viSa prayoga ke samAna hetvAbhAsa kA prayoga kara dene para thappar3a mAranA, gAlI galoja dene ke samAna jAti kA prayoga karanA upayukta nahIM hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 325 niraakrnnaat| jAtivAdI hi sAdhanAbhAsametaditi pratipadyate vA na vA? yadi pratipadyate ya evAsya sAdhanAbhAsatvaheturdoSonena pratipanna: sa eva vaktavyo na jAtiH, prayojanAbhAvAt / prasaMgavyAjena doSapradarzanatvamiti cAyuktaM, anarthasaMzayAt / yadi hi pareNa prayuktAyAM jAtau sAdhanAbhAsavAdI svaprayuktasAdhanadoSaM pazyan sabhAyAmevaM brUyAt mayA prayukte sAdhane ayaM doSaH sa ca pareNa nodbhAvitaH kiM tu jAtirudbhAviteti, tadApi na jAtivAdino jayaH prayojanaM syAt, ubhyorjnyaansiddheH| nApi sAmyaM prayojanaM sarvathA jayasyAsaMbhave tasyAbhipretatvAdekAMtaparAjayAdvaraM saMdeha iti vacanAt / yadA tu sAdhanAbhAsavAdI svasAdhanadoSaM pracchAdya paraprayuktAM jAtimevodbhAvayati tadApi na tasya jayaH prayojanaM sAmyaM vA parAjayasyaiva tathA saMbhavAt / atha sAdhanadoSamanavabudhyamAno jAtiM prayukte tadA niHprayojano jAtiprayoga: syaat| yatkiMcana vadatopi tUSNIMbhavatopi __ athavA, jAti kA prayoga karane vAlA prativAdI (jAtivAdI) vAdI ke dvArA prayukta hetu ko "yaha hetvAbhAsa hai" - aisA samajhatA hai yA nahIM? samajhatA hai| yadi prativAdI vAdI ke dvArA prayukta hetu ke hetvAbhAsa (doSoM) ko jAnatA hai, taba to isa vAdI ne isa doSarUpa hetvAbhAsa kA prayoga kiyA hai - aisA hI kahanA caahie| jAti (mithyA uttara) kA prayoga nahIM kahanA cAhie, kyoMki hetvAbhAsa ke khaNDana karane meM jAti ke prayoga ke prayojana kA abhAva hai| arthAt jAti kA prayoga karane kA koI prayojana nahIM hai| jaba hetvAbhAsa kA khaNDana karane se hI jaya prApta ho sakatI hai taba vyartha meM jAti kA prayoga karane se kyA lAbha hai? "prasaMga ke chala (bahAne se) ke dvArA doSoM kA pradarzana karAne ke lie jAti kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai"- aisA bhI kahanA ucita nahIM hai, ayukta hai| kyoMki isa prakAra kathana karane para anartha hone kI zaMkA hai yA saMbhAvanA hai| kyoMki yadi dUsare (prativAdI) ke dvArA prayukta jAti meM hetvAbhAsa vAdI apane prayukta hetu ke doSa ko dekhatA (jAnatA) huA sabhA meM isa prakAra kahatA hai ki - "mere dvArA prayukta hetu meM yaha doSa hai|" prativAdI ne usa hetu ke doSoM kA udbhAvana to nahIM kiyA hai| apitu vyartha meM jAti kA prayoga kiyA hai| aisI dazA meM anartha hone kA saMzaya hai| tathA prativAdI kI jaya ke sthAna meM parAjaya ho sakatI hai| isa avasara para bhI jAti ko kahane vAle prativAdI kI jIta ho jAnA prayojana nahIM hai| kyoMki vAdI aura prativAdI ina donoM ke ajJAna kI siddhi hai| arthAt vAdI ko svakIya pakSa kI siddhi ke lie samIcIna hetu kA jJAna nahIM hai aura prativAdI ko doSa ke prayoga karane kA parijJAna nahIM hai| jaba hetvAbhAsoM ko kahane vAlA vAdI, svakIya hetu ke doSa ko chipAkara dUsare ke dvArA prayukta jAti kA hI utthApana kara detA hai, taba bhI usa vAdI kA jaya honA vA donoM kA samAna bane rahanA siddha nahIM ho pAtA hai| usa prakAra prayatna karane para to vAdI kA parAjaya honA hI saMbhavatA hai| . athavA - vAdI ke dvArA prayukta hetu ke doSoM ko nahIM jAnane vAlA prativAdI yadi vAdI ke prati jAti (chala) kA prayoga karatA hai to vaha jAti kA prayoga niSphala hotA hai| kyoMki pratibhA buddhi ke dhAraka vidvAnoM
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 326 vA sAmyaM prAtibhairvyavasthApanAdvayorajJAnasya nishcyaat| evaM tarhi sAdhusAdhane prayukte yatparasya sAdhAbhyAM pratyavasthAnaM dUSaNAbhAsarUpaM tajAte: sAmAnyalakSaNamastu niravadyatvAditi cet, mithyottaraM jAtirityetAvadeva jAtilakSaNamakalaMkapraNItamastu kimprenn| "tatra mithyottaraM jAtiyathAnekAMtavidviSAm" iti vacanAt // tathA sati avyAptidoSasyAsaMbhavAniravadyametadevetyAhasAMkaryAt pratyavasthAnaM ythaanekaaNtsaadhne| tathA vaiyadhikaryeNa virodhenAnavasthayA // 459 // bhinnAdhAratayAbhAbhyAM doSAbhyAM saMzayena c| apratItyA tathA'bhAvenAnyathA vA ythecchyaa|460| vastutastAdRzairdoSaiH sAdhanApratighAtataH / siddhaM mithyottaratvaM no niravadyaM hi lakSaNam // 461 // ke dvArA jo kucha bhI kahane vAle vA cupa hokara baiTha jAne vAle donoM ke hI samAnatA kI vyavasthA hone se, donoM ke hI ajJAna kA nizcaya hai| arthAt donoM kI hI ajJAnatA pragaTa ho rahI hai| ata: jAti kA prayoga karanA ucita nahIM hai| koI (naiyAyika) kahatA hai ki isa prakAra vyavasthA hone para to vAdI ke dvArA samIcIna hetu kA prayoga karane para dUsare prativAdI kA sAdharmya aura vaidharmya ke dvArA pratyavasthAna uThAnA dUSaNAbhAsarUpa hote hue vaha jAti kA sAmAnya lakSaNa hai kyoMki dUSaNAMbhAsa jAti hai| jAti kA yaha lakSaNa nirdoSa hai| isa prakAra kisI ke kahane para jainAcArya kahate haiM ki akalaMkadeva ke dvArA kathita "mithyottaraM' yaha jAti kA lakSaNa samIcIna hai| dUsaroM ke dvArA kathita jAti ke lakSaNa se kyA prayojana hai| kyoMki vaha lakSaNa nirdoSa nahIM hai| akalaMka deva ne kahA bhI hai ki "mithyA uttara denA hI jAti hai|" jaisA syAdvAda siddhAnta se dveSa rakhane vAle naiyAyikoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| isalie mithyottara denA hI jAti kA samIcIna lakSaNa hai| akalaMkadeva ke siddhAntAnusAra "mithyottara' jAti ke lakSaNa meM avyApti doSa kI asaMbhavatA hone se yaha lakSaNa nirdoSa hai, isako kahate haiM - jisa prakAra jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra anekAnta kI siddhi ho jAne para prativAdI ke dvArA sAMkarya se pratyavasthAna uThAyA jAnA tathA vyatikarapane se dUSaNAbhAsa uThAyA jAnA jAti hai, usI prakAra virodha doSa, anavasthA doSa, bhinna adhikaraNa doSa, ubhaya doSa, saMzaya doSa, apratIti doSa, abhAva doSa athavA apanI icchAnusAra anya prakAra ke cakraka doSa anyo'nyAzraya doSa, AtmAzraya doSa, vyAghAta doSa Adi doSoM kA kathana karake pratiSedha rUpa upAlaMbha denA bhI jAtiyA~ haiN| vAstavika rUpa se vicAra karane para pratyakSa pramANa, anumAna pramANa aura Agama pramANa ke dvArA aneka dharmoM ke sAtha tadAtmaka sambandha rakhane vAle vastu kI siddhi ho jAne para una sAMkarya Adi doSoM ke dvArA akSuNNa anekAnta kI siddhi kA pratighAta nahIM hotA hai| isalie hamAre jaina siddhAnta meM svIkRta 'mithyottara' hI jAti kA lakSaNa nirdoSa siddha hai // 459-461 // bhAvArtha - sarva padArthoM kI eka sAtha prApti honA saMkara doSa hai| athavA paraspara atyanta abhAva samAna adhikaraNa dharma meM ekatra samAveza honA saMkara doSa hai|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 327 na caivaM paralakSaNasyAvyAptidoSAbhAva ityAha;paroktaM punaravyAptiprokteSveteSvasaMbhavAt / tato na nigrahasthAnaM yuktametaditi sthitam // 462 // paroktaM punarjAtisAmAnyalakSaNamayuktameva, saMkaravyatikaravirodhAnavasthAvaiyadhikaraNyobhayadoSasaMzayApratItyabhAvAdibhiH pratyavasthAneSu tasyAsaMbhavAt / tato na nigrahasthAnametadyuktaM tAttvike vAde, prtijnyaahaanyaadivcchlvdsaadhnaaNgdossodbhaavnvcceti|| tathA ca tAttviko vAdaH svessttsiddhyvsaanbhaak| pakSeyattAtvayuktyaiva niymaanuppttitH|463| paraspara meM eka dUsare ke viSaya meM gamana karanA vyatikara doSa hai| uttarottara dharma kI apekSA vizrAnti (virAma) kA abhAva honA anavasthA doSa hai| vidhi aura niSedha ina do virodhI dharmoM kA eka sAtha rahanA virodha doSa hai| isa prakAra paraspara virodhI dharmoM kA kathana karake jina siddhAnta ke prati dUSaNa denA upayukta nahIM hai| kyoMki syAdvAda siddhAnta meM yaha doSa prApta nahIM ho sktaa| anekAnta siddhAnta meM asti-nAsti Adi eka vastu meM rahane kA koI virodha nahIM hai| ataanekAnta meM doSa uThAnA mithyA uttara hai| isalie 'mithyottara' hI jAti kA lakSaNa samIcIna hai| - isa prakAra naiyAyika ke dvArA kathita jAti ke lakSaNa meM avyApti doSa kA abhAva nahIM hai| usI ko kahate haiM - naiyAyikoM ke dvArA kathita jAti kA lakSaNa avyApti doSa se yukta hai| kyoMki upari ukta saMkara vyatikara Adi doSoM meM jAti ke lakSaNa kA ghaTita honA saMbhava nahI hai| isalie jAti kA utthApana karake nigraha sthAna karanA yukta nahIM hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki svapakSa siddhi aura parapakSa nirAkaraNa se hI dUsare kA nigrahaM ho jAnA nyAyasaMgata hai||462|| naiyAyikoM ke dvArA kathita jAti kA sAmAnya lakSaNa yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| kyoMki saMkara, vyatikara, virodha, anavasthA, vaiyadhikaraNya, ubhaya doSa, saMzaya, apratipatti, abhAva Adi ke dvArA utthApita pratyavasthAnoM (ulAhanoM) meM usa lakSaNa kA ghaTanA asaMbhava hai| isalie tAttvika vAda meM jAti ke dvArA vAdI kA nigraha huA, yaha mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| jaise-pratijJA hAni, pratijJAntara Adi aura asAdhanAMgavacana, adoSodbhAvana, chala inake dvArA nigraha karanA yukta nahIM hai arthAt parapakSa ke nirAkaraNa pUrvaka svapakSa ko siddha karanA hI sabhya puruSoM meM dUsare kA nigraha honA mAnA hai| usa prakAra vyavasthA karane para tattvoM ko viSaya karane vAlA vAda apanI abhISTa siddhi ke lie hai| saMsAra meM aneka vAdI, prativAdiyoM ke vivAda ko prApta pakSa asaMkhya haiN| parantu ATha dasa Adi kI saMkhyA kA niyama nahIM hai|463||
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 328 evaM tAvattAttviko vAdaH svAbhipretapakSasiddhiparyaMtabhAvAvasthitaH pakSeyattAyAH kartumazakteniyamAnupapattitazca na sakalapakSasiddhiparyaMtaH kasyacijjayo vyvsthitH|| sAMprataM prAtibhe vAde nigrahavyavasthAM darzayati yastUktaH prAtibho vAdaH sNpraatibhpriikssnnH| nigrahastatra vijJeyaH svapratijJAvyatikramaH // 464 // yathA padyaM mayA vAcyamAprastutavinizcayAt / sAlaMkAraM tathA gadyamaskhaladrUpamityapi // 465 / / paMcAvayavavAkyaM vA trirUpaM vAnyathApi vaa| nirdoSamiti vA saMdhAsthalabhedaM mayodyate // 466 // jisa prakAra vivAdaprApta vastu kI prApti taka laukika vAda rahatA hai, usI prakAra tattva nirNaya sambandhI vAda bhI svakIya abhISTa pakSa kI siddhi hone paryanta vyavasthita hai| isalie pakSoM kI iyattA kA nirNaya karanA zakya nahIM hai jaise niyama kI anupapatti hai arthAt itane hI pakSa haiM- aisA niyama nahIM ho sktaa| bhAvArtha - jaise zabda nitya hai, anitya hai, eka hai, aneka hai, AkAza kA guNa hai, pudgala kI paryAya hai ityAdi aneka pakSa saMbhava haiN| isalie sakala pakSasiddhi paryanta kisI kI jaya kI vyavasthiti nahIM hai| isa prakAra abhimAna prayukta vAda kA prakaraNa samApta huaa| isa samaya pratibhA vAda meM nigraha vyavasthA ko dikhAte haiN| navIna, navIna unmeSazAlinI buddhi ko pratibhA kahate haiN| samyak prakAra se pratibhA sambandhI cAturya kA parIkSaNa karane vAlA vAda prAMtibha kahA jAtA hai| usa pratibhAgocara vAda meM svakIya svIkRta pratijJA kA ullaMghana karanA hI nigraha hai, aisA samajhanA cAhie / / 464 // prAtibha zAstrArtha ke prAraMbha ke pUrva yaha pratijJA kara lI jAtI hai ki jisa prakAra kA padya, indravajrA, basantatilakA Adi chanda prastAva prApta artha kA vizeSa nizcaya hone taka mere dvArA vAcya (kahane yogya) hai, usI prakAra alaMkAra sahita chaMda tumako bhI kahane hoMge // 465 / / jaisA askhalita svarUpa dhArAvAhI rUpa se dhvani, lakSaNA, vyaMjanA, alaMkAra Adi se yukta gadya ko kahU~gA, usI prakAra kA gadya tumako kahanA pdd'egaa| athavA pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya, nigamana ina pA~ca avayava yukta vAkyoM ko kahU~gA- vaisA hI vAkya tuma ko bhI kahanA pdd'egaa||466|| jaisA nirdoSa pratijJA hetu udAharaNa svarUpa vAkya mere dvArA kahA jAyegA, vaisA hI pratijJAvAkya sthalake bheda ko liye hue nirdoSa vAkya tumako kahanA pdd'egaa|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 329 yathA sNgrhaanyaadinigrhsthaantopysau| chaloktyA jAtivAcyatvAttathA sNdhaavytikrmaa||467|| yathA dyUtavizeSAdau svprtijnyaakssterjyH| loke tathaiva zAstreSu vAde prAtibhagocare // 468 // dviprakArastato jlpstttvpraatibhgocraat| nAnyabhedapratiSThAnaM prakriyAmAtraghoSaNAt // 469 / so'yaM jigISubodhAya vAdanyAyaH satAM mtH| ' prakartavyo bruvANena nyvaakyairythoditaiH||470|| jisa prakAra pratijJAhAni Adi nigrahasthAnoM se bhI nigraha mAnA jAtA hai, athavA chalapUrvaka kathana karane se yA jAti dvArA vAcyatA prApta ho jAne se vaha nigraha mAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra apanI kI gayI pratijJA kA vyatikramaNa kara dene se bhI nigraha ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra loka meM chUtavizeSa Adi se apanI svIkRta pratijJA kI kSati ho jAne se dUsare vAdI kI vijaya ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra zAstroM meM bhI pratibhA prApta padArthoM kA viSaya karane vAle vAda meM apanI pratijJA kI hAni kara dene se svakIya parAjaya aura dUsaroM kI vijaya ho jAtI hai|467-468|| - ata: tattva aura pratibhA meM prApta padArthoM kA viSaya karane vAlA hone se jalpa nAmaka zAstrArtha do prakAra kA hai| bhinna-bhinna prakAroM se kevala prakriyA kI ghoSaNA kara dene mAtra se anya bhedoM kI pratiSThA nahIM ho sakatI arthAt tAttvika aura prAtibha yaha do prakAra kA jalpa hI yathArtha hai||469|| ____zrI vidyAnanda AcArya prArambha kiye gaye tattvArthAdhigama prakaraNa kA upasaMhAra karate haiM ki (vaha) yaha ukta prakAra kA kahA gayA nyAyapUrvaka vAda to jItane kI icchA rakhane vAle vidvAnoM ke prabodha ke lie sajjana puruSoM ke dvArA mAnya hai| tathA sarvajJa kI AmnAya anusAra yathAyogya pUrva meM kahe gae nayapratipAdaka vAkyoM dvArA kathana karane vAle vidvAnoM ke dvArA jalpa svarUpa zAstrArtha karanA cAhie // 470 //
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 330 evaM prapaMcena prathamAdhyAyaM vyAkhyAya saMgRhNannAhasamuddiSTo mArgastrivapurabhavatvasya niyamAdvinirdiSTA dRSTirnikhilavidhinA jJAnamamalam / pramANaM saMkSepAdvividhanayasaMpacca muninA sugRhyAdye'dhyAye'dhigamanapatha: svaanyvissyH||471|| iti prathamAdhyAyasya paMcamamAhnikaM samAptam // 5 // iti zrIvidyAnaMda-AcAryaviracite tattvArthazlokavArtikAlaGkAre prathamo'dhyAyaH smaaptH||1|| isa prakAra vistArapUrvaka prathama adhyAya kA vyAkhyAna karake zrI vidyAnanda AcArya saMkSepa se prathama adhyAya ke saMgRhIta artha ko kahate haiM - umAsvAmI AcArya deva ne isa prathama adhyAya meM niyama se samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ina tIna svarUpa zarIra vAle ko abhava (mokSa) kA mArga kahA arthAt sarvaprathama mokSamArga kA upadeza diyaa| usake bAda sampUrNa vidhi se samyagdarzana kA kathana kiyaa| arthAt samyagdarzana kA lakSaNa aura usakI utpatti ke kAraNoM kA nirUpaNa kiyaa| tadanantara saMkSepa se nirmala jJAna kA tathA jJAna hI pramANa hai, ataH pramANa kA varNana kiyaa| usake anantara saMkSepa se dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika bheda rUpa do prakAra ke naya kI sampatti rUpa sAta nayoM kA vizeSa rUpa se kathana kiyA hai| isa prakAra prathama adhyAya meM ratnatraya aura pramANa evaM nayoM ko grahaNa karake saMkSepa se kathana kiyA hai| jagat meM samIcIna jJapti karAne kA mArga svayaM ko aura anya ko viSaya karane vAlA pramANa jJAna hI hai // 471 / / isa prakAra isa zloka meM vidyAnanda AcArya ne antima upasaMhAra karate hue prathama adhyAya ke sampUrNa viSaya kA kathana kiyA hai| isa prakAra prathama adhyAya kA pA~cavA~ Ahnika pUrNa huaa| isa prakAra sampUrNa darzanazAstroM kI jJapti ko dhArane vAle zrI vidyAnanda AcArya dvArA vizeSa rUpa se viracita tattvArtha zloka vArttika alaMkAra meM prathama adhyAya kA vivaraNa pUrNa huaa||1|| zrI jinendra bhagavAna ke caraNa kamaloM meM anurakta citta vAlI, zrI vIra sAgara AcArya ke dvArA dIkSita, indumatI AryikA kI ziSyA supArzvamatI AryikA ne isa zlokavArttika kA hindI anuvAda kiyaa|
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtikAlaMkArAMtargata zlokasUcI ___- caturtha khaMDa - zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka (a) anityaH zabda ityukte 320 | AtmaprasattiratroktA 15 akramaM karaNAtItaM 43 | anityatvapratijJAne 320 | AtmadravyaM jJa eveSTaH 38 atra yadyakSavijJAnaM 43 | anaikAMtikatA hetoH 322 | ADhyo vai devadattoyaM 257 atra pracakSmahe jJAna- 44 | aprApya sAdhayetsAdhyaM 287 | (i) atrotpAdavyayadhrauvya 68 abhAvasya viparyAsA 312 | ityayuktaM vizeSasya atrAnye prAhuriSTaM naH 203 | abhinnaM vyaktibhedebhyaH 140 | ityetacca vyavacchinnaM athAdyajJAnayorartha- 19 amuSyAnaMtabhAgeSu 34 iti mohAbhibhUtAnAM atha jJAnAni paMcAni 61 avasthito'vadhiH zuddheH 10 | iti sAdhyamanicchaMtaM athAnityena nityena 301 avizeSastayoH sadbhiH 68 | iti vyAcakSate ye tu arthApattiparicchedyaM 81 avizeSodite hetau . 226 | ityAzrayopayogAyAH arthaparyAyayostAvat 136 | avyAkhyAne tu tasyAstu 231 | | ityacodyaM dRzastatra arthavyaMjanaparyAyau 137 avizeSaH prasaMga: syAt 306 ityatra jJApakaM hetuM arthAdApadyamAnasya 243 asaMkhyAtaiH kSaNaiH padma 57 iti kecittadayuktaM anivartitakAyAdi. 12 asAdhanAMgavacanaM 197 iti pramANAtmaanekAMtAtmakaM vastu ___ 27 asAdhanAMgavacanaM 207 | vibodhasaMvidhau anayoH kAraNaM tasmAt 40 asamarthe tu tanna syAt 228 | ityasabahirartheSu 134 anumAnAMtarAddhetu astu mithyottaraM jAtiH 323 | iMdraH purandaraH zakraH 155 anusyUtamanISAdi 82 | akSajJAnaM bahirvastu 27 | ityAbhimAnikaH proktaH 193 anyonyazaktinirghAtA 204 | ajJAtaM ca kilAjJAnaM 247 | ityayuktaM dvayoreka- 198 anekAMtikataivaivaM 249 / (A) ityetadurvidagdhatve anityena ghaTenAsya 316 | Acaturthya iti vyApta 51 / ityetacca na yuktaM syAt 210 204
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 332 310 zloka pRSTha saM. | | zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. iti sAdharmyavaidharmya- 279 | | eteSvasarvaparyAye- 22 | kAlAdibhedatorthasya 149 ityaprAptyAvaboddhavyaM 287 | etasyAnaMtabhAge syAt 34 | kAlAdyanyatamasyaiva 153 ityahetusamatvena 303 | etenyonyamapekSAyAM kAlAdibhedatopyartha _160 ityeSa hi na yuktetra etenApi nigRhyeta 259 kAmaM ghaTopi nityostu 208 ityanityena yA nAma 316 | evaM matyAdibodhAnAM kAraNAbhAvataH pUrvaM ___295 evaM vyAkhyAtani:zeSaH ____ 89 kAryeSu kuMbhakArasya 304 uktaM dUSayatAvazyaM 245 | evaM hi pratyavasthAnaM 288 kAraNasyopapatteH syAt 309 . utpAdavyayavAdazca 71 | evaM bhedena nirdiSTA 322 kAraNaM yadyanityatve 309 uttarApratipattiryA 247 | ehi manye ratheneti 150 kAraNAntaratopyatra 311 uttarApratipattiM hi 248 | (ka) kinna kSINAvRtiH sUkSmAn 47 utpannasyaiva zabdasya 295 | kazcidvyaMjanaparyAyau __136 kiMcittadeva yujyeta 283 udAharaNasAmarthyAt kalpanAropitadravya- 142 kriyAbhedepi cAbhinna 160 udAharaNavaidhAt 270 | kalpanArthAMtarasyoktA ___ 266 kriyAvAneva loSThAdiH 279 upekSaNIyatattvasya ___39 | karoti kriyate puSyaH 149 | kriyAhetuguNAsaMgI upekSyaM tu punaH sarvaM ___40 | kasyacittatvasaMsiddhiH 207 | kriyAhetuguNopetaM 283 kasyacidvacanaM neSTa- 245 / kriyAhetuguNopetaH RjusUtraM kSaNadhvaMsi 144 | kazcidAvaraNAdInAM 314 | kriyAhetuguNopetaM 289 kAnicidvA tathA puMso 61 kutovadhervizeSaH syAt 18 ekatrAtmani vijJAnaM 49 kAraNatrayapUrvatvAt 84 | kumAranaMdinazcAhuH - 190 ekatvena vizeSANAM 139 | kAlAtyayApadiSTopi 86 | kutazcidAkulIbhAvAt 211 ekataH kArayetsabhyAn 191 / | kAmI yatraiva yaH kazcit 93 | kRtakatvAdinA sAmyaM 316 eka eva mahAn nityaH 225 | kAryasya siddhau jAtAyAM 93 | kevalaM sakalajJeya 38 etayormatizabdena 12 | kAryakAraNatA ceti 145 | kenApyukte yathaivaM sa . 262 270 280 (R) 288 (e)
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 333 zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. kvacideti tathAtyeti 262 | (gha) tato'nenaiva mArgeNa 215 kenAnaikAMtiko hetuH 263 | ghaTo' sarvagato yadvat 213 | tato vAkyArthanirNItiH 234 kaizcinmanyeta tajjJAnaM 90 | (ca) tato'rthAnizcayo yena 235 kramajanma kvacidRSTvA 57 | cazabdAtsaMgrahAttasya 54 | tato nityopyasAvastu 309 kva mana:paryayasyArthe / 34 | citrAdvaitapravAdazca 70 | teSAmeveti nirNIteH kvacitsAdhyavizeSaM hi 195 | (ja) tatazcAvaraNAdInAM 314 kvacitkiMcidapi nyasya 228 | jayetaravyavasthAyAM 190 tato siddhiryathA pakSe 317 kvacidekasya dharmasya 306 | jAnatopi sabhAbhIteH | tato nAnityatA zabde 320 kvaivaM parAjayaH sidhyet 259 | jigISadbhyAM vinA tAvat tatra tridhApi mithyAtvaM (kha) 176 | tatra svarUpato'siddho 78 khyApyate' pratibhAnyasya . 245 / jigISAvirahAttasya ___179 tatra kAtya'na nirNItaH 84 khyApanIyo mato varNya- 282 | jijJAsitavizeSotra tatrApi kevalajJAnaM (ga) jijJApayiSitAtmaiha tatra saMkalpamAtrasya 134 gamyamAnA pratijJAna- 212 | jainasya sarvathaikAMta ___79 tatra paryAyagastredhA 135 guNahetuH sa keSAM syAt 5 / (ta) tatrarjusUtraparyaMtA guNaH paryAya evAtra 127 | tacca sarvArthavijJAnaM tatreha tAttvike vAde 194 gRhItagrahaNAttasya taccenmahezvarasyApi 177 | tatredaM ciMtyate tAvat godarzanopayogena tato'nAvaraNaM spaSTaM tatrApi sAdhane zakte- 228 gocarIkurute zuddha- 138 | tataH sAtizayA dRSTAH 47 tatrAdyameva manyate gotvAdinA svasiddhena ____220 | tataH samantatazcakSu- 48 tatrAbhyupetya zabdAdi gauNaM zabdArthamAzritya 265 | tataH sarvapramANAnAM 89 | tatrAvizeSadiSTerthe / 256 gAvaNo ghanasya pAta: syAta 305 | tatkriyApariNAmortha 156 | tatra svayamabhipretaM . 259 tato vAdo jigISAyAM 179 / 158 ___46 ___ 206 242 252 tatra vizAlAna.
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 334 323 zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. tatraiva pratyavasthAnaM ___277 | tathA sati virodhoyaM 218 | | tadasarvagatatvena 214 tatraiva sAdhane prokte 298 | tathAnyasyAtra tenaiva 222 | tadA sAdhyAvinAbhAvi 222 tatrAnityena sAdharmyAt 301 tathA nidarzanAdau ca 226 tadevameva saMbhAvyaM 226 tatrAnityepyayaM doSaH 320 tathottarA pratIti: syAt 249 | tadAnaikAMtikatvAdi 226 . tatrottaramidaM zabda: 321 tathaiva zUnyamAsthAya ____252 | tadapratyAyi zabdasya 243 tatredaM durghaTaM tAvat | tathaivAsparzavatvAdi 262 tadeva syAttadA tasya 245 tattvazraddhAna saMjJAna- 40 | tathodAhativaidhAt 271 | tadetanna chalaM yuktaM .. 262. tattvArthAdhigamastAvat 175 | tathA sAdhyaprasidhyarthaM 289 | tadetasmin prayukte syAt 269 tattvArthanizcaye hetoH ___202 | tathA prayatnajatvena 299 | tadasaMbaMdhamevAsya 314 tattvAparyavasAnAyAM 239 | tathA ca tAtviko vAdaH 327 | tadbuddhilakSaNAtpUrvaM . 321 tattvAvadhAraNe caitat ___ 302 | tadasat sarvazUnyatvA- 22 | tanna zreyaH parIkSAyAM / 150 tathA cAritramohasya tadasadvItarAgANAM 39 | tannirAkRtisAmarthya- 205 tathA tatropayuktasya 58 | tadavazyaM parijJeyaM ___41 | tannimittaprakArANAM 225 tathAtmanopi mithyAtva 66 | tadaMzau dravyaparyAya- 126 | tannabhasyeti nityatva- 262 tathAnadhyavasAyopi __76 | tadbhedaikAMtavAdastu 137 | tayoratyaMtabhedoktiH 136 tathaikatvepi sAdRzya 77 | tadA tatra bhavedvyarthaH 176 | tayoranyatamasya syAt 177 tathA dravyaguNAdInAM 130 | tadAnyopi pravaktaivaM 177 | tasyAsiddhatvavicchittiH 202 tathaivAvAMtarAn bhedAn 140 / tadAbhAvAtsvayaM vaktuH 179 | tasmAtprayujyamAnasya 223 tathA kAlAdi nAnAtvaM 153 | tadapekSA ca tatrAsti 179 | tatsarvathArthazUnyatvAt 229 tathaikAMgopi vAdaH syAt 178 | tadA tatsamudAyasya 196 | tasmAnnedaM pRthagyuktaM . 229 tathAnuSNognirityAdiH 195 | tadvizeSopi sonyena 196 | tasmAdyadSyate yattat 245 tathA caikasya yugapat 205 | tadA vAstavapakSaH syAt 198 | | taskaroyaM naratvAdeH 250 tathA dRSTAMtahAni: syAt 208 | tadekasya pareNeha 205 tatsAmAnyAcchalaM prAhuH 262
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika* 335 204 249 zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. tasmAdanuSTheyagataM 39 | (da) dUSaNAbhAsatA tvatra 285 tasya tatsmRtayaH kinna : 57 | dravyeSviti padenAsya ___ 21 drutoccArAditastvetau 231 tasya paryayaNaM yasmAttadvA 14 | dravyeSviti bahutvasya 38 | | dveSo hAnamupAdAnaM 40 tasyeMdriyamanohetu 63 | dravye paryAyamAtrasya 71 dvadhA matizrute syAtAM tasmAtkriyAbhRdityevaM 274 | dravyaparyAyasAmAnya 129 | doSAnudbhAvane tu syAt 204 tasya sAdhyasamA jAti: 284 | dravyatvaM sakaladravya- 140 | doSAnudbhAvanAkhyAnAt 204 tasya nityena gotvAdi 301 dravyaM bhinnaM guNAtsvasmAt 216 | doSAnudbhAvanAdekaM dvayorevaM sadoSatvaM tasyAH sAdhyAvinAbhAva 305 doSahetumabhigamya tasmAnna vidyamAnasya . 312 dRSTeSTabAdhanaM tasyA- 37 (dha). dRSTicAritramohasya 61 | dharmAdanyatparijJAnaM tasya kenacidarthena 318 dRSTamaiMdriyakaM nityaM 208 | dharmAdhyAropanirdeze 265 tAbhyAM vizeSamANatvaM dRSTAMtasya parityAgAt . 208 dharmiNIti svayaM sAdhyA- 86 tAdRzeneti saMdeho dRSTazcAte sthitazcAyaM 209 / | dharmiNApi vinAbhAvAt 196 trividho'sAvasiddhAdi ___78 dRSTAMtasya ca yo nAma 219 | (na) trirvAdinoditasyApi 244 dRSTAntadharmaM sAdhyArthe 280 | na matijJAnatApattiH traikAlyAnupapattestu 303 dRSTAMtepi ca yo dharma-. 318 | nanUttaratra tadbhedatUSNIMbhAvothavA doSa- 206 dvitvaprasaMgatastatra 12 | na caivaM saMbhavediSTa teneha prAcyavijJAne dviprakAraM jagau jalpaM 194 | 'na sAdhyasAdhanatvAdi teSveva niyamo'sarva 32 | dvitIyakalpanAyAM tu 206 | nayena vyabhicArazcet / 28 te viparyaya eveti dvitIyakalpanAyAM tu 229 | na siddhasAdhyataivaM syAt 44 tenAsAdhAraNo nAnyo 83 | dviprakArastato jalpaH 329 | | nanvazvakalpanAkAle 59 teSAmanekadoSasya 222 dADimAni dazetyAdi 231 | na cedaM pariNAmitva- 67 teSAmetatprabhedatve 247 | dUSaNAMtaramudbhAvyaM 200 | na nirvikalpakAdhyakSAt 80
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 336 160 74 zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. nayo nayau nayAzceti 125 | nirvartita zarIrAdi 12 | (pa) nayAnAM lakSaNaM lakSyaM 126 | niHzreyasaM paraM tAvat 40 | parato'yamapekSasyAnanvayaM bhAvinI saMjJA 134 | niyamena tayoH samyak 61 | paryAyamAtrage nete narjusUtrAdiSu prokta- 135 | niyogo bhAvanaikAMtAt 90 | paramAvadhinirNIte navadhA naigamasyaivaM 139 nityortho nirmatatvAditi 85 | paryAyeSviti nirdezAt narjusUtraprabhUtArtho nirdezyAdhigamopAyaM 121 | paMcabhirvyavadhAnaM tu nayArtheSu pramANasya 174 | nirAkRta vizeSastu paMcaSaissamayaisteSAM na dharmI kevala: sAdhyo 196 nirAkaroti ya dravyaM pararUprAdito'zeSe na pratijJAMtaraM tasya 214 nigamasya parityAgaH pakSatritayahAnistu nigrahasthAnasaMkhyAna- 219 nidarzanAdibAdhA ca parApareNa kAlena na pratijJAvirodhetanirAkRtau pareNAsya 220 parasparAvinAbhUtaM nanu cAjJAnamAtrepi paryAyazabdabhedena . 154 nirdoSa sAdhanoktau tu navakaMbalazabdehi parAdhigamastatranirvaktavyAstathAzeSA na cedaM vAkchalaM yuktaM 266 pakSasidhyavinAbhAve niSedhasya tathoktasya 317 na sarvasyAvizeSa: syAt 307 paMcAvayavaliMgasya nAmAyurudayApekSo nigrahAya prakalpyaMte ___323 pakSasiddhivihInatvAt 205 nAvadhijJAnavRtkarma naigamAprAtikUlyena parAjayapratiSThAna 205 nAzeSaparyayAkrAMta naigamavyavahArAbhyAM pakSatyAgAt pratijJAyAH 208 nAzrayasyAnyathAbhAva | nairarthakyaM hi varNAnAM 232 | pareNa sAdhite svArthe 212 nAmAdayopi catvAraH naivamAtmA tato nAyaM __ 279 | pakSasya pratiSedhe hi nAtrAdikalpanA yuktA naivopalabdhyabhAvena 314 | pariSadprativAdibhyAM nAtredaM yujyate pUrva- 214 | | naitAbhirnigraho vAde 322 | patravAkyaM svayaMvAdi 231 nAzrayAzrayibhAvopi 320 | nopayogau saha syAtAm 52 | padAnAM kramaniyama 234 175 . 200 161 130 206 230
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 337 327 242 245 252 270 212 / 272 214 | 289 zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. pazcAccet kiM nu tatsAdhyaM 303 | prabhu sAmarthyato vApi 190 | prAgvikalpe kathaM yuktaM 230 pakSasya hi niSedhyasya 317 | prativAdI ca tasyaiva 195 | pratisaMbaMdhahInAnAM 231 paroktaM punaravyApta | pratijJAtorthasiddhau syAt 202 | punarvacanamarthasya paMcAvayavAkyaM vA 328 | pratidRSTAMtadharmasya 207 | pratyuccArAsamarthatvaM pratyayasyAMtarasyAtaH pratijJAhAnirityeva 207 | | pradhAnaM caivamAzritya pratyakSasyAvadheH keSu ___32 | pratijJAhAnisUtrasya 209 | pratyavasthAturanyAya 257 pratyakSAdeH pramANatve | pratidRSTAMta eveti 210 prasaMgaH pratyavasthAnaM prakRSyamANatA tvakSa- ____37 | pratiSedhe pratijJAtaH | prayukte sthApanA hetau pratipattirabhiprAya- 68 | pratijJAtArthasidhyarthaM pratidRSTAMtarUpeNa pratyakSaM tu phalajJAnaM ___81 | pratijJAhAnitazcAsya 215 | prayatnAnaMtarotthepi 298 pradhAnapariNAmatvAt , 81 | pratidRSTAMtadharmasya 215 | prakriyAMtanivRtyA ca / 302 pratijJAkadezastu 81 / pratijJAyA virodhI yo . 215 / pratipakSopapattau hi 302 prameyatvAdiretena pratijJAyAH pratijJAtve ___ 216 | prayatnAnaMtarotthatvAt 304 pramANabAdhanaM nAma 87 | pratijJA ca svayaM yatra 217 / prayatnAnaMtarIyatva- 307 prayojanavizeSasya 87 | pratijJAdiSu tasyApi 219 / prayatnAnaMtarIyatve 307 pramANasaMplavastvevaM 88 | pratijJAnena dRSTAMte 219 | | pratijJAnAdiyogastu pramANasaMplave caivaM 88 | pratyakSAdipramANena 219 | prayatnAnekakAryatva pratyayArthI niyogazca 91 | pramANenAprasiddhau tu 221 / prayatnAnaMtaraM tAvat pramANaM kiM niyogaH syAt 94 | pratijJAvacanenaiva 222 | pAraMparyeNa tu tyAgo pramANagocarArthAMzA .. 129 / pratipakSAvinAbhAvi ___222 | prAcyamekaM matijJAnaM pramANAtmaka evAyaM 134 | pratijJArthApanayanaM prAdurbhavatkarotyAzu pratyeyA pratiparyAyAH 162 | pratijJAhAnirevaitaiH 225 | | prAdurbhUtikSaNAdUrdhvaM pravaktA jJApyamAnasya 176 / pratisaMbaMdhazUnyAnAm 228 | prAdhAnyenobhayAtmAnaM
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 338 . 178 zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha prAznikatvapravaktRtva 178 | bahiraMtazca vastUnAM matipUrvaM zrutaM yadvat 37 prAcye pakSe 'kalaMkoktiH 203 | bahvAdyavagrahAdyaSTa ___77 | mana:paryayavijJAnaM prAjJopi vibhramAbrUyAt 214 | brahmAtmAdvaitamapyevaM ____252 | matyAdayaH samAkhyAtAH prAgupanyasya ni:zeSa 244 | bAhyau hi pratyayAvatra 3 | matizrutAvadhijJAna prAptyA yatpratyavasthAnaM 286 | bodhyo dravyeSu sarveSu 38 matyAdayotra vartate prAptayoH kathamekasya 286 bodhyo'naikAMtiko hetu 83 | matyajJAnaM vibhaMgazca prAptasyApi hi daMDAdeH 287 | mamedaM kAryamityevaM prAgutpatteranutpanne 295 | bhavapratyaya ityAdi 1 | mamedaM bhogyamityevaM pudgaleSu tathAkAzA- 33 | bhavapratyaya eveti mamedaM kAryamityevaM pUrvasUtroditazcAtra 20 | bhavaM pratItya yo jAto 119 | maryAdAtikramAbhAva pUrvatra nottarA saMkhyA 173 | bhavAnvitA na paMcaite 130 | maryAdAtikrame loke 189 pUrva: pUrvo nayo bhUma 159 | bhAjyAni pravibhAgena maMtrazaktyA prabhustAvat 190 pUrvaM vaktA budhaH pazcAt 178 | bhAvazabdasamUhaM hi 218 | maMcA krozaMti gAyaMti 265 pUrvaM vA sAdhanAtsAdhyaM 303 | bhinne tu sukhajIvitve 137 | mAnenaikena siddherthe 88 prerakatvaM tu yattasya | bhidAbhidAbhiratyaMta 139 | mithyAdRgbodhacAritra 41 preraNaiva niyogotra | bhinnAdhAratayobhAbhyAM 326 | mithyAjJAnavizeSaH syAt 62 preryate puruSo naiva ___92 | bhUyaH sUkSmArthaparyAya 18 | mithyAtvaM triSu bodheSu preraNA viSayaH kArya mithyAtvodayasadbhAve 66 preraNA hi vinA kAryaM 92 | mana:paryayavijJAna 11 | mukhyarUpatayA zUnya 269 proktaH sa pratipAto vA 10 | manoliMgajatApatteH 14 | (ya) manamaryayayorukta __ 15 | yadAtvanyau padArthoM staH 12 bahvAdyavagrahAdInAM matizrute samAkhyAte ___ 20 | yadA paramanaH prAptaH 14 bahuSvartheSu tatraiko 55 | matyAdipratyayo naiva 22 | yathAceMdriyajajJAnaM 37 (ba)
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 339 216 zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. yadopapujyate hyAtmA 58 yathApazabdataH zabda 234 | yastUktaH prAtibho vAdaH 328 yadA matyAdayaH puMsaH 65 | yathA ca saMskRtAcchabdAt 235 | yathA padyaM mayA vAcyaM 328 yathA sarajasAlAMbU 66 | yathA hi sati saMkalpa 159 | | yathA saMgarahAnyAdi 329 yato viparyayo na syAt 67 | yathA cArthApratIti syAt 239 | yathA dyUtavizeSAdau 329 yassAdhyaviparItArtho 82 | yannAMtarIyakAsiddhiH 244 yA vaidharmyasamA jAti: 278 yathA hi buddhimatpUrvaM 82 yaH punarnigrahaprApte 247 ye'gratotra pravakSyate 2 yataH sAdhye zarIre sve 83 | yadAtvanigrahasthAne 250 | ye pramANAdayo bhAvAH 130 yatrArthe sAdhayedeko 85 yathaikalakSaNo hetuH 254 | yeSAM prayogayogyAsti 211 yaH svapakSavipakSAnya 86 yasmAdAyatvasaMsiddhiH 257 | yena heturhatastena yadvA naikaMgamo yatra 134 | yatra pakSe vivAdena 259 | yoropopapatyA syAt 256 yathA pratikSaNaM dhvaMsi . 136 | yatra saMbhavatorthasya 261 | yo yaM kriyArthamAcaSTe 157 yastu paryAyavadrvyaM 137 | yasyeSTaM prakRte vAkye . 262 | yo hyasiddhatayA sAdhyaM 254 yatra pravartate svArthe . 173 | yathA viparyayajJAna 271 | yorthasaMbhAvayannarthaH 259 yathA caikaH pravaktA ca 177 | yatrAviziSyamANena 273 | yogena nigrahaH prApyaH 269 'yathA vAdyAdayo loke 179 | yathA kriyAbhRdAtmAyaM 273. | yA pratyavasthitiH sAtra 304 yathopAttAparijJAnaM 203 | | yathA loSTho na cAtmaivaM 277 yadaiva vAdino pakSa 206 | yathAyaM sAdhayeddhetuH 286 | rAjApekSaNamapyastu .yastvAhaiMdriyakatvasya 211 | | yathA rUpaM didRkSUNAM 289 rAgadveSavihInatvaM yathAtra prakRte hetau 226 | yathA puMsi vinirNIte 299 | rUpaM pudgalasAmAnya yadi hetvaMtareNaiva .. yadi prayatnajatvena 305 yathA codbhAvite doSe 227 | yathaivAsparzavatvaM khe 305 | laghuvRtterna vicchedaH yadA maMdamatI tAvat yathA ca pratyavasthAnaM 305 laMghanAdikadRSTAMtaH yadA tu tau mahAprAjJau ___ 230 | yathA na vidyamAnasya 314 | | liMgAgamAdivijJAnaM 177 1 226 / 230
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 340 (va) 40 zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. liMgAtsAdhayituM zakyo 195 | vAco yuktiprakAraNAm 250 | viruddhAdiprayogastu 214 liMga yenAvinAbhAvi 196 | vizudhyanugamAtpuMso | viruddhasAdhanAdvAyaM 218 lokasaMvRttisatyaM ca 145 | vizudhyananvayAdezo 9 | viruddhodbhAvanaM hetoH loSThaH syAtsakriyAzcAtmA 284 | vizuddheranavasthAnAt 10 | vibhAgenoditasyAsya 256 laukikArthavicAreSu 191 | viSayeNa ca ni:zeSa 18 | vidyAcaraNasaMpatti 262 loSThaH kriyAzrayo 281 viSayeSu nibaMdhosti 21 | vibhutvarahitaM dRSTaM 278 vineyApekSayA heyaM | viparyAsanato jAti: 282. varddhamAnovadhi: kazcit 10 vizeSApekSayA hyeSA 65 | vidhAviva niSedhepi 322 vakSyamANatvatazcAsya 19 | viparyayo yathA loke 69 vIryAMtarAyaviccheda 48 vaktRvAkyAnuvaditA 178 | | viruddhAnna ca bhinno'ptau 82 | | vItarAgAH punaH svArthAn 88 vastunyekatra vartete 198 | vivAdAdhyAsitaM dhImat 82 vRddhaprasiddhitastveSa 235 varNakramasya nirdezo 228 | vinA sapakSasattvena 84 | vRtyAdyabhAvasaMsiddheH 314 varNakramAdizabdasya 229 | vizvavedIzvaraH sarva- 85 | vaisAdRzyavivartasya 129 vaktuH pralApamAtre tu 231 vipakSe bAdhake vRtti | vainIyamAnavastvaMzAH 173 vaktuH saMbhAvyate tasmAt 257 vizeSaNaM tu yattasya vaidhahNopasaMhAre vardhyavarNyavikalpaizca 279 vistareNeti saptaite vaidhaye'Naiva sA tAvat vaktavyaM sAdhanasyApi 288 | vidyate cAparo zuddha 138 | vyaktAtmanAM hi bhedAnAM 84 vastutastAdRzairdoSaiH 326 vizvadRzvAsya janitA 149 vyavasAyAtmakaM cakSuH 58 vAdyasiddhau prasiddhau ca 79 vizeSairuttaraiH sarvaiH 161 vyutkramAdarthanirNIti vAdinaH spardhayA vRddhiH 176 | vizrutaH sakalAbhyAsAt 176 | vyoma tathA na vijJAto 274 vAdinodinaM vAdaH 190 | vinApi tena liMgasya 196 | (za) vAdItarapratAnena viruddhasAdhanodbhAvI 200 | | zabdasaMsRSTavijJAnA- 53 vAdepyudbhAvayannaitat 248 vinazvarasvabhAvoyaM 208 | zaktyarpaNAttu tadbhAvaH 56 278 ___ 124 278 234
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 341 87 134 135 135 136 zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka zaSkulIbhakSaNAdau tu 56 | zeSA vipratipattitvaM 272 | sarvathaikAMtavAde tu 85 zabdAdvinazvarAddhetu- 79 | (Sa) sa ca satpratipakSotra zabdAdau cAkSuSatvAdi 79 | SaDvikalpa: samastAnAM 8 | saMvAditvAtpramANatvaM zabdatvazrAvaNatvAdi | (sa) sarAgapratipattRRNAM zabdavyApArarUpo vA 94 | sarvaparyAyamuktAni 30 | satsaMyamavizeSottho 119 zabdabrahmeti cAnyeSAM 140 | sarvAnatIMdriyAn vetti ___41 | saMkSepAd dvau vizeSeNa / 124 zabdakAlAdibhirbhinnA * 154 | sarvasya sarvadAtve tat 57 | saMkalpo nigamastatra zabdAtparyAyabhedena 160 | samopayuktatA tatra 58 | saMgrahe vyavahAre vA zabdo sarvagatastAvat 213 saMskArasmRtiheturyA 59 | saptaite niyataM yuktA zabdAnnityatvasidhyarthaM 215 | sarvaghAtikSaye'tyaMta | saMvedanArthaparyAyo zabdAnvAkhyAnavaiyarthaM 235 | sa ca sAmAnyato mithyA 62 sarvathA sukhasaMvityo 136 zabdo vinazvaro martya 295 | samuccinoti casteSAM 62 | saccaitanyaM narItyevaM 136 zabdo'nityostu tatraiva 305 / samAnorthaparicchedaH 67 | sadvyaM sakalaM vastu 137 zabdAnnityatvasiddhizca 310 | sa cAhAryo vinirdiSTaH 70 | sattvaM sukhArthaparyAyAt 138 zabdasyAvaraNAdIni 314 sati svarUpato'zeSe ___70 | samekIbhAvasamyaktve 139 zabdAzrayamanityatvaM 320 satyasattvaviparyAsAd __75 saMgraheNa gRhItAnAM. 142 zAzvatasya ca zabdasya 295 || sati triviprakRSTArthe 75 | sa cAnekaprakAra: syAt 142 zuddhadravyamazuddhaM ca 137 satvAdiH sarvathA sAdhye 79 saMyogo viprayogo vA 145 zuddhadravyArthaparyAya 138 | saMdehaviSayaH sarvaH samudAyaH kva ca pretya 145 zuddhadravyamabhipraiti .. sannapyajJAyamAnotra | sanmAtraviSayatvena 159 zrutenArthaM paricchidya 27 | satvAdiH kSaNikatvAdau | saMgrahAdvyavahAropi 159 zrutasyAvastuveditve _____ 28 | saMzItyAliMgitAMgastu 83 | saMgrahAdezca zeSeNa zeSA manuSyatiryaMco sati hyazeSeveditve 85 | sarve zabdanayAstena 80 161 173
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 342 299 222 zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. sahasreSTazatI yadvat 173 | sadharmatvavidharmatva- 271 sA pakSAMtarasiddhirvA 192 saMkSepeNa nayAstAvat 174 | saMskArApekSaNo yadvat 289 | sAmarthyAdgamyamAnasya 201 satyavAgbhirvidhAtavyaH 175 | sata eva tu zabdasya 295 | sA tatra vAdino samyak 206 sabhyairanumataM tattva saMdehetyaMtasaMdehaH sAdhyadharmaviruddhena 207 satyasAdhanasAmarthya 191 | sarvArtheSvavizeSasya 307 sAmAnyamaiMdriyaM nityaM 210 samarthasAdhanAkhyAnaM 191 | satvena ca sadharmyatvAt 318 | sA hetvAdiparityAgAt 210 saddoSodbhAvanaM vApi 191 | sarvadA kimanityatva- 320 | sAstyeva hi pratijJAna- 211 . sabhyapratyAyanaM tasya 197 | sattvAbhAvAdabhUtvAsya 321 | sAmAnyeneMdriyatvasya 213 satsAdhanavacaH pakSo __ 198 | samuddiSTo mArgaH- 330 sAdhanAvayavasyApi satye ca sAdhane prokte 203 | sAmAnAdhikaraNyaM ca 13 | sAdhanAvayavo'nekaH . 223 sarvaM pRthaksamudAye 218 sAdhye satyeva sadbhAvAt 37 / sAdhaNeha dRSTAMte 271 sarvathA bhedino nAnA- 218 | sAmarthya cakSurAdInAM 82 | sAdharmyaNopasaMhAre 273 saMdhAdyavayavAnyAyAt 234 | sAdhye ca tadabhAve ca 84 | sAdhyasAdhanayorvyApte 274 sabhyapratyAyanaM yAvat 243 | sAdhyAbhAve pravRtto hi 86 sAdhyadRSTAMtayordharma 279 sakRdvAde punarvAdo 243 | sAdhyAbhAve pravRttena 87 | sAdhyadharmiNi dharmasya 281 sarveSu hi pratijJAna 247 sAdhyasyAbhAva evAyaM 87 sAdhyadharmavikalpaM tu 283 saMbhavatyuttaraM yatra 248 sAdhyarUpatayA yena | sAdhyadRSTAMtayordharmasaMkSepatonyathA kvAyaM 249 sAmAnyAdezatastAvat 122 | sAdhyAtidezamAtreNa 285 satyametadabhipreta sAmAnyasya pRthaktvena 129 | sAdhakaH pratidRSTAMto 289 satsvapakSaprasidhyava 249 sAmAnAdhikaraNyaM kva 145 | sAmAnyaghaTayostulya sabhAM prAptasya tasya syAt 251 | sAzabdAnnigamAdanyAt 161 | | sAdhanAditi naivAsau svayaM niyatasiddhAMto 251 | sAbhimAnajanArabhyA 176 | sAdhyadharmanimittasya 311 sarvathA zUnyatAvAde 269 | sAmarthyaM punarIzasya 190 | sAdhanAbhaprayogepi 323 298 310
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika * 343 pRSTha saM. 179 | zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka sAMkaryAtpratyavasthAnaM 326 | svazaktivazato'sarva 33 / (ha) siddhe sAdhye pravRttotra 87 svarUpAsiddhatA hetoH 44 | haMta hetuvirodhopi 219 siddhamekaM yato brahma svarNe svarNamiti jJAnaM 69 | hastAsphAlanamAkaMpaH 226 siddhaM rUpaM hi yogyaM 93 | svazarIrasya kartAtmA 82 | hasati hasati svAmin 242 siddhau jigISatorvAda svavyaktyAtmakataikAMta 141 | hAtuM yogyaM mumukSUNAM siddhAntadvayaveditvaM 190 svaprajJAparipAkAdi . 176 | hIyamAnovadhi: zuddheH sidhyabhAvaH punadRSTaH 205 svayaM mahezvarassabhyo 177 | hInamanyatamenApi sidhyabhAvastu yogInAM 206 svayaM buddhaH pravaktA syAt 178 | heyopAdeyatattvasya siddhasAdhanatasteSAM 211 | svapakSasiddhiparyaMtA 194 | hetvAbhAsabalAjjJAnaM 78 sukhajIvabhidoktistu 138 svapakSaM sAdhayan tatra 197 | hetvAbhAsastu sAmAnyAt 78 sopayogaM punazcakSu / 59 svapakSasiddhaye yadvat 215 | hetoryasyAzrayo na syAt 80 sopyanaikAMtikAnnAnya- 86 | svayaM pratibhayA hi cet . 248 hetvAdityAgatopi syAt 208 sopyapratibhayoktaH syAt 250 | svapakSadoSamupayan 249 | hetorviruddhatA vA syAt 216 sopi nApratibhAtosti 251 | svayaM pravarttamAnAzca 252 | hetuH pratijJayA yatra sopyayuktaH svapakSasya 251 | svasAdhyAdavinAbhAva 270 | hetustatra prasiddhena sopalabdhisamAjAtiH 311 | svataMtrayostayAbhAva 203 | hetAdriyikatve tu so'yaM jigISubodhAya 329 | svajJeye parasaMtAne 304 | hetoreMdriyikatvasya 225 smRtAvananubhUtArthe 77 | svAmitvenAbhimAno hi 93 | hetUdAharaNAbhyAM yat 239 syAtteSAmavadhirbAhya 7 | svArthAnumAne vAdye ca 195 | hetvAbhAsAya yogoktAH 253 syAdvirodha itIdaM ca 221 || svArthike kedhike sarvaM 239 | hetvAbhAsatrayaM kepi 254 svapadArthA ca vRttiH syAt 13 sveSTadharmavihInatve 86 | hetvAdikAMgasAmarthya 284 svato na tasya saMvittiH 24 | sveSTArthasiddharaMgasya 200 | heturviziSTasAdharmya . 318 svayaM saMvedyamAnasya 24 | svAbhAvikI gatirna syAt 48 218 218 221
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________________ tattvArthazlokavArtika 344 zloka kSaNamekaM sukhI jIvo kSayaheturityAkhyAtaH kSayopazamato jAtaH kSayopazamamAbibhrat kSAyopazama ityaMta pRSTha saM. | zloka pRSTha saM. | zloka kSAyopazamikaM jJAnaM 36 | jJAnaM prakarSamAyAti 138 | kSAyopazamikaM jJAnaM ___52 jJAnasyAvaraNaM yAti 5 | kSetratovadhirevAtaH jJAnAnAM sahabhAvAya 5 kSetradravyeSu bhUyeSu 37 | jJAnodvayasakRjjanma 14 (jJa) jJAnaM jJAnAMtarAdhyakSa 6 jJAnasyArthaparicchittau 31
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