Jain Darshan Aur Sanskriti

Author(s): Mahapragna Acharya
Publisher: Jain Vishva Bharati
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/006270/1

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti (ajamera vizvavidyAlaya dvArA bI.e. ke pAThyakrama ke antargata jIvana vijJAna aura jaina vidyA viSaya ke lie svIkRta) nidezana : AcArya mahAprajJa jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna ___ (DImDa yUnivarsiTI) tulasIgrAma, lADanUM-341306 (rAjasthAna)

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samAkalana : muni mahendrakumAra ___ DaoN. bhaMvaralAla jozI prakAzaka : jaina vizva bhAratI, saMsthAna (c) : jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM caturtha saMskaraNa : 1998 mUlya : 40.00 IBS No. 81-7195-000-0 lejara TAipa seTiMga : vI eDavaraTAijarsa mehatA caimbarsa, caur3A rAstA, jayapura mudraka : agravAla prinTarsa eNDa sTezanarsa jayapura, phona-572201 JAIN DARSHAN AUR SANSKRITI | By Acharya Mahaprajna Rs. 40/ SANSKRIT

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sambodha "jaina-vidyA' bhArata kI prAcInatama vidyA-zAkhAoM meM se eka pratiSThita vidyA-zAkhA hai| kisI bhI vidyA-zAkhA kA saMbaMdha saMpradAya se nahIM hotaa| vidyA sadA saMpradAyAtIta hotI hai| pUjA-pATha kA saMbaMdha saMpradAya vizeSa se hotA hai| vidyA koI pUjA-pATha nahIM hai| vaha cintana, manana aura anubhava se niSpanna eka bodha-dhArA hai| . jaina-vidyA ne nayavAda aura anekAMtavAda kA samanvayakArI sUtra diyA hai| usase dArzanika dhArAoM ke bIca dUriyA~ kama kI jA sakatI haiM, khAiyA~ pATI jA . sakatI haiM, taTastha dRSTi se vicAra-pravAha ke Akalana kA avasara mila sakatA hai| ajamera vizvavidyAlaya ke kulapati tathA kula-samiti ne jaina vidyA ke viSaya ko vidyArthI ke lie sulabha banAkara eka AvazyakatA kI sampUrti kI hai| prastuta pustaka ke saMkalana aura sampAdana meM muni mahendrakumAra aura DaoN. bhaMvaralAla jozI ne kAphI zrama kiyA hai, vidyArthI ke lie ise sahaja sugama banAne kA yatna kiyA hai| mujhe vizvAsa hai isase vidyArthIgaNa lAbhAnvita hogaa| jIvana-vijJAna aura jaina-vidyA ina donoM kA yoga adhyAtma aura darzana kA yoga hai| yaha yoga bhautikatA-pradhAna vAtAvaraNa meM eka nae prANa ke saMcAra jaisA hogaa| bhautikatA aura adhyAtma tathA adhyAtma aura vijJAna ke prati eka sAmaMjasyapUrNa darzana kI AvazyakatA hai| prastuta prayatna se usakI sampUrti ho skegii| di. 11.7.90 pAlI (rAjasthAna) AcArya tulasI

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prAkkathana sampradAya-nirapekSatA (secularism) ko surakSita rakhate hue dharma, darzana, saMskRti Adi kI vibhinna paramparAoM kA vizuddha zaikSaNika paThana-pAThana (purely academic studies) vizvavidyAlIya pAThyakrama (syllabus) kA aMga bane, yaha bahuta apekSita hai| yadi bhAratIya vidyArthI bhAratIya saMskRti, bhAratIya darzana, bhAratIya dharma-paramparA, bhAratIya sAhitya, bhAratIya kalA Adi ke saiddhAntika evaM yathAsaMbhava prAyogika bodha se vaMcita rahegA, to yaha kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ki bhAvI pIr3hI bhArata ke gauravazAlI atIta para nAja karegI yA usakI sAmayika prAsaMgikatA yA saMgati (relevence) kI mImAMsA kara sakegI? sacamuca, zikSA ke kSetra meM ukta viSaya kI suvidhA denA bhArata ke itihAsa ko jAnane ke lie hI nahIM apitu nayA itihAsa gar3hane ke lie eka sAhasika kadama hai| isake lie ajamera vizvavidyAlaya kI zaikSaNika pariSad tathA usake kulapati DaoN. upAdhyAya zata-zata sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN| vizvavidyAlaya ke bI. e. ke pAThyakrama meM 'jaina-vidyA' aura 'jIvana-vijJAna' ke saMkSipta viSayoM kA samAveza kara vidyArthiyoM ko jIvana-nirmANa ke lie eka amUlya avasara pradAna kiyA hai| prastuta pustaka usI pAThyakrama meM prathama varSa ke dvitIya patra ke pAThyakrama ke lie nirmita pAThyapustaka hai| jaina darzana aura saMskRti ke vizAla viSaya ko saMkSipta, sarala aura rocaka rUpa meM prastuta karane kA eka vinamra prayala isameM kiyA gayA hai| 'jaina-darzana' bhAratIya darzanoM kI vibhinna dhArAoM meM se eka mahattvapUrNa dhArA hai, jisane prAgaitihAsika kAla se lekara vartamAna yuga taka apanA astitva banAye rakhA hai| yaha usakI prAcInatA evaM dIrghajIvitA kA sAkSya hai| jaina-darzana ke tattva jahA~ AdhyAtmika anubhUti ke AdhAra para sthita haiM, vahA~ unheM buddhigamya banAne ke lie hetuvAda tathA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa ko kAma meM liyA gayA hai| jaina-darzana ke itihAsa ko jAnane ke lie bhagavAna RSabha se lekara vartamAna yuga taka kI lambI yAtrA taya karanI Avazyaka hai| sAtha hI vizAla jaina vAGmaya kA siMhAvalokana apekSita hai, jo prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASA meM tathA aneka prAdezika bhASAoM meM bhI apanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai| jaina saMskRti zramaNa-saMskRti kI sazakta dhArA hai jisane saMyama, ahiMsA, vrata Adi se jana-jIvana ko aplAvita kiyA hai, citrakalA, zilpakalA, sthApatyakalA

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Adi se kalA - jagat ko mahimA maMDita kiyA hai aura vyApaka bhaugolika prasAra-kSetra se jur3akara vizva ke vistRta bhU-bhAga ko prabhAvita kiyA hai / prastuta pustaka yuvAcArya mahAprajJa jaise mahAn dArzanika, jaina darzana evaM saMskRti ke marmajJa vidvAn tathA jaina-darzana ke prAyogika kSetra ke prathama puraskartA ke nidezana meM unakI mahattvapUrNa kRti 'jaina darzana: manana aura mImAMsA' ke AdhAra para taiyAra kI gaI hai / yaha dhyAna rakhA gayA hai ki pustaka meM pracura rUpa meM tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke lie sAmagrI dI jAye / vaidika, bauddha, sAMkhya Adi anya bhAratIya darzana aura Adhunika bhautika vijJAna, manovijJAna, jIva vijJAna Adi ke pariprekSya meM pratyeka viSaya kI prastuti kI gaI hai| pustaka kA samAkalana yugapradhAna AcAryazrI tulasI ke maMgala AzIrvAda evaM preraka sambodha se hI saphalatApUrvaka ho sakA hai| isake lie hama unake pAvana caraNoM meM zraddhAvanata haiM / yuvAcArya zrI mahAprajJa kA sazakta nidezana svayaM pustaka ke kaNa-kaNa meM mukhara ho rahA hai / unake prati bhAvapUrNa samarpaNa abhivyakta karate hue hameM antastoSa upalabdha ho rahA hai 1 jaina darzana : manana aura mImAMsA ke sampAdaka vidvadvara munizrI dulaharAjajI ke prati hama hArdika kRtajJatA jJApita karate haiM, jinakI badaulata hamArA zrama kAphI sarala ho gayA hai / pustaka ke samAkalana meM jaina vizva bhAratI ke prAdhyApaka gaNa kA premapUrNa sahayoga milA hai jinameM paM. vizvanAtha mizra, DaoN. paramezvara solaMkI, zrI rAmasvarUpa sonI, zrI baccharAja dUgar3a Adi ke prati dhanyavAda jJApana karate hue hameM hArdika prasannatA ho rahI hai / ajamera ke zrI mAMgIlAla jaina kI sAmayika salAheM pustaka ko vidyArthI ke lie upayukta banAne meM kAryakArI rahI haiN| unake prati hArdika AbhAra / hameM AzA hai ki jaina darzana aura saMskRti ke adhyayana ke lie vidyArthI varga ko yaha pustaka atyanta upayogI siddha hogI / dinAMka 30 julAI, 1990 lADanUM (rAjasthAna) muni mahendra kumAra bhaMvaralAla jozI

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prakAzakIya vizvavidyAlayoM meM snAtakottara (M.A.) kakSAoM meM 'jaina darzana' kA viSaya aneka varSoM se mAnya rahA hai, para snAtaka (B.A.) kakSAoM meM isa viSaya kA paThana-pAThana durlabha hai| ajamera vizvavidyAlaya dvArA yaha nayA kadama jaina darzana adhyayana ke kSetra ko eka nayA vistAra degaa| jaina vizva bhAratI aura brAhmI vidyApITha, lADanUM meM jaina vidyA ke adhyayana evaM anusandhAna kA vyavasthita krama varSoM se cala rahA hai, use isase bala milegaa| hamAre lie yaha parama prasannatA kA viSaya hai ki "jaina darzana aura saMskRti" bI. e. ke chAtroM ke hAthoM taka pahuMcA sake haiN| prastuta pustaka meM tIna khaNDa haiM1. darzana 2. itihAsa 3. saMskRti . prathama khaNDa kI sAmagrI meM jaina darzana ke maulika evaM tAtvika siddhAntoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai, jo jaina darzana ke prAthamika jJAna ke lie atyanta Avazyaka hai| dvitIya khaNDa meM jaina sAhitya ke pramukha ghaTanA-prasaMga, caritra evaM sAhitya kI saMkSipta rUparekhA kalAtmaka rUpa meM prastuta hai| tRtIya khaNDa meM jaina saMskRti, jaina kalA aura jaina dharma ke prasAra-kSetra kA saMkSipta vivaraNa kI prastuti hai| prastuta kRti ke preraNA-srota haiM-yugapradhAna AcAryazrI tulasI, jinake AzIrvAda ne hamAre prati caraNa ke lie patha prazasta kiyA hai| zraddheya yuvAcAryazrI mahAprajJa ke nidezana meM unakI aneka vRttiyoM ke saMdohana se isa pustaka kA nirmANa saMbhava huA hai| ina mahAn patha-darzakoM ke prati ananta zraddhAeM samarpita karate haiN| samAkalakoM ke rUpa meM mani zrI mahendra kumAra evaM DaoN. bhaMvaralAla jozI kA prakhara parizrama isa pAThya-pustaka ke pratyeka pATha meM svayaM mukhara hai| pAribhASika zabda-koSa vidyArthI ke lie eka mArgadarzikA (guide) kA kArya kregaa| hama inake prati hArdika kRtajJatA ke bhAva abhivyakta kara rahe haiN|

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pANDulipi - nirmANa se lekara mudrita hone taka eka-eka akSara kI chAna-bIna kA parizrama-sAdhya kArya muni zrI mahendra kumAra ne kiyA hai, jisake lie unake prati vizeSa kRtajJatA jJApita karate haiM / prUpha saMzodhana ke kArya meM hamAre zodha vibhAga ke zrI rAmasvarUpa sonI, DaoN. paramezvara solaMkI Adi kA sakriya sahayoga rahA, isake lie hama unake prati hArdika AbhAra abhivyakta karate haiM / hama AzA karate haiM vizvavidyAlaya ke chAtroM ko prastuta pAThyapustaka se nayA Aloka aura naI preraNAeM mileMgI jo unake jIvana-patha ko ujAgara karane meM pramukha bhUmikA nibhAegI / lADanUM (rAjasthAna) agasta, 1990 zrIcanda baiMgAnI kulapati jaina vizva bhAratI

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anukrama darzana 1. darzana hai satyaM zivaM sundaraM kI triveNI 1-20 darzana kI paribhASA 1; mUlya - nirNaya kI dRSTiyA~ 3; darzana kI praNAlI 5; Astika darzana kI bhitti-AtmavAda 5; dharma-darzana 6; mokSa 7; satya kI paribhASA 8; darzana kI utpatti 9; Agama tarka kI kasauTI para 11; tarka kA durupayoga 11; darzana kA mUla 11; darzana kI dhArAe~ 14; jaina darzana kI AstikatA 14; zraddhA aura yukti kA samanvaya 15; mokSa darzana 15; jaina darzana kA Arambha 15; jaina darzana kA dhyeya 16; palAyanavAda 17 2. Ao caleM amUrta vizva kI yAtrA para 21-38 vizva kA vargIkaraNa 22; astikAya 22; dravya 23; AkAza aura dik 26; dik 28; dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya 29; dharma-dravya, adharma-dravya kA yauktika AdhAra 31; kAla 34; vijJAna kI dRSTi meM AkAza aura kAla 34; astikAya aura kAla 35; kAla ke vibhAga 36 3. aba nihAreM paramANu-jagat kA tANDava nRtya 39-55 pudgala 39; paramANu kA svarUpa 40; pudgala ke guNa 41; paramANu kI atIndrayatA 42; paramANu- samudAya aura pAramANavika jagat 43; skandha-bheda kI prakriyA ke kucha udAharaNa 43; pudgala meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya 44; pudgala kI dvividha pariNati 44; pudgala ke prakAra 44; pudgala kaba se kaba taka ? 45; pudgala kA apradezitva aura sapradezitva 45; pariNamana ke tIna hetu 46; pudgaloM kA zreNI vibhAga 46; prANI aura pudgala kA sambandha 48; pudgala kI gati 49, pudgala kI avasthAe~ 49; zabda 50, bandha 50; sUkSmatA aura sthUlatA 52; chAyA 52 prativimba - prakriyA aura usakA darzana 53; prANI jagat ke prati pudgala kA upakAra 530 eka dravya : aneka dravya 54; sAdRzya-vaisadRzya 54 4. pahale aNDA yA pahale murgI ? 56-67 vizva ke Adi-bindu kI jijJAsA 56; loka- Aloka kA parimANa 56; loka-Aloka kA saMsthApana 56; loka- sthiti 58; sRSTivAda 58; parivartana aura vikAsa 59; zuddha AtmA kA svarUpa 62; parivartana aura vikAsa kI maryAdA 64; asambhAvya kArya 64, samasyA aura samAdhAna 64

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5. vizva : vikAsa aura hrAsa 68-81 vizva-sthiti kA mUla sUtra 68; vikAsa aura hrAsa 69; vikAsa aura hrAsa ke kAraNa 71; prANi-vibhAga 72; utpatti-sthAna 73; sthAvara jagat 73; saMghIya jIvana 76; sAdhAraNa-vanaspati jIvoM kA parimANa 77; pratyeka vanaspati 77; pratyeka vanaspati jIvoM kA parimANa 77; indriya-vikAsa kI apekSA se jIvoM ke bheda 77; zArIrika parivartana kA hrAsa yA ulaTA krama 79; prabhAva ke nimitta 79 . 6. janma-mRtyu kA cakravyUha .82-89 saMsAra kA setu 82; janma 82; garbha 83; garbha-praveza kI sthiti 84; bAharI sthiti kA prabhAva 84; prANa aura paryApti 84; indriya-jJAna aura pA~ca jAtiyA~ 86; mAnasa-jJAna aura saMjJI-asaMjJI 86; indriya aura mana 87; jAti-smRti 88; atIndriya jJAna-yogIjJAna 88 7. maiM kauna hU~? 90-126 do pravAha : AtmavAda aura anAtmavAda 90; AtmA kyoM? 93; bhAratIya darzana meM AtmA ke sAdhaka tarka 94; jaina-dRSTi se AtmA kA svarUpa 97; bhAratIya darzana meM AtmA kA svarUpa 99; aupaniSadika dRSTi aura jaina dRSTi kI tulanA 101; sajIva aura nirjIva padArtha kA pRthakkaraNa 102; jIva ke vyAvahArika lakSaNa 104; jIva ke naizcayika lakSaNa 105; madhyama aura virATa parimANa 105; baddha aura mukta 107; zarIra aura AtmA 108; mAnasika kriyA kA zarIra para prabhAva 110; do visadRza padArthoM (arUpa aura sarUpa) kA sambandha 110; vijJAna aura AtmA (bhautikavAdI vaijJAnika kI samIkSA) 111; AtmA para vijJAna ke prayoga 114; cetanA kA pUrvarUpa kyA hai? 115; indriya aura mastiSka AtmA nahIM 117; kRtrima mastiSka cetana nahIM 118; AtmA ke pradeza aura jIvakoSa 119; astitva-siddhi ke do prakAra 119; svatantra sattA kA hetu 121; punarjanma 121; antara-kAla 124; sva-niyamana 125 8. maiM hU~ bhAgya kA nirmAtA 127-148 jagatvaicitrya kA hetu 127; AtmA kA Antarika vAtAvaraNa 128; paristhiti 128; karma kI pauTa galikatA 129: AtmA aura karma kA sambandha 130; baMdha ke hetu 130; karma : svarUpa aura kArya 131; baMdha kI prakriyA 133; karma kauna bA~dhatA haiM ? 134; karma-bandha kaise? 134; phala-vipAka 134: karma ke udaya se kyA hotA hai? 135; phala kI prakriyA 136; udaya 137; apane Apa udaya meM Ane vAle karma ke hetu 137; dUsaroM dvArA udaya meM Ane vAle karma-hetu 138: puNya-pApa 138: mizraNa nahIM hotA hai 140; dharma aura puNya 140; puruSArtha bhAgya

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ko badala sakatA hai 140; AtmA svataMtra hai yA karma ke adhIna? 142; udIraNA 143; udIraNA kA hetu 143; nirjarA 143; karma-mukti kI prakriyA 144; anAdi kA anta kaise? 145; lezyA 146; karmoM kA. saMyoga aura viyoga : AdhyAtmika vikAsa aura hrAsa 148 9. jaina darzana kA sApekSavAda : syAdvAda 149-156 .. syAdvAda 149; syAdvAda : svarUpa 149; spatabhaMgI 151; ahiMsA vikAsa . meM anekAMta dRSTi kA yoga 153; tattva aura AcAra para anekAMta-dRSTi 155 . 10. samanvaya kA rAjamArga : nayavAda / 157-161 sApekSa dRSTi 157; bhagavAna mahAvIra kI apekSA-dRSTiyA~ 158; samanvaya kI dizA 160; samanvaya ke do stambha 160; naya 160; satya kA vyAkhyA-dvAra 161 itihAsa aura sAhitya 1. bhagavAn RSabha se pArzva taka 165-180 kAlacakra 165; kulakara vyavasthA 167; tIna daMDa nItiyA~ 168; khAdya-samasyA kA samAdhAna 169; zilpa aura vyavasAya 170; sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika paramrAoM kA sUtrapAta 170; sAmrAjya-lipsA 171; yuddha kA pahalA caraNa 173, bharata kA anAsakta yoga 175; zrAmaNya kI ora 176; tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi 176; tIrthaMkara pArzva 178 2. bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakI zikSAe~ 181-202 . janma aura parivAra 181; nAma aura gotra 181; yauvana aura vivAha 182; mahAbhiniSkramaNa 182; sAdhanA aura siddhi 182; dharma-tIrtha kA pravartana 185; saMgha-vyavasthA 187; muni kI dinacaryA 187; zrAvaka 188; zrAvaka ke guNa 188; ziSTAcAra 189; bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna dharma-sampradAya 189; mahAvIra ke siddhAnta 191; manuSya kI IzvarIya sattA kA saMgAna 192; namaskAra mahAmaMtra 193; catuHzaraNa sUtra 194; dharma kI vyApaka dhAraNA 194; tapa aura dhyAna kA samanvaya 195; saMpradAya-vihIna dharma 197; naitika mUlyoM kI pratiSThA 199; nirvANa 200 3. uttarakAlIna paramparA 203-206 gaNadhara gautama 203; gaNadhara sudharmA 203; Arya jaMbUkumAra 204; saMpradAya-bheda 204; zvetAmbara-digambara 205; caityavAsa paramparA 205: sthAnakavAsI 205; terApaMtha 206

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4. jaina sAhitya : saMkSipta paricaya 207-217 AgamoM kA racanA-krama 207; Agama-vibhAga 208; Agama-vAcanAe~ 208; Agama kA maulika rUpa 209; lekhana aura lekha - sAmagrI 210; Agama ke bheda-prabheda 212; Agama kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 213; paravartI prAkRta sAhitya 213; saMskRta sAhitya 214; prAdezika sAhitya 215; hindI sAhitya 217 saMskRti 1. jaina saMskRti : mUla AdhAra '221-227 tyAga aura tapa 221; kalA 224; citrakalA 224; lipi - kalA 225; jaina stUpa 225; mUrtikalA aura sthApatya kalA 225; parva aura tyauhAra 226 2. jaina dharma kA prasAra 228-243 jaina dharma kA prabhutva 228; jaina-dharma bhArata ke vibhinna aMcaloM meM 231; videzoM meM jaina-dharma 236; jainoM ke kucha viziSTa tIrtha-sthala 238; jaina-dharma : vikAsa aura hrAsa 241 3. cinatana ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM kA yoga 244-256 zraddhAvAda-hetuvAda 244; prAcInatA aura navInatA 247; kAla - hetuka avarodha aura unake phalita 249; adhyAtma kA unmeSa 250; sAdhana-zuddhi 253; hRdaya parivartana 254; naitikatA 255 ; sarvadharma samabhAva aura zAstrajJa 255; pariziSTa (paribhASika zabdakoza) 000 257-272

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khaNDa 1 darzana

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1 darzana hai satyaM zivaM sundaraM kI triveNI yaha saMsAra anAdi ananta hai| isameM saMyoga-viyogajanya sukha - duHkha kI avirala dhArA baha rahI hai / usameM gotA mArate-mArate jaba prANI thaka jAtA hai, taba vaha zAzvata Ananda kI zodha meM nikalatA hai / vahA~ jo heya aura upAdeya kI mImAMsA hotI hai, vahI darzana bana jAtA hai / darzana kI paribhASA darzana kA artha hai-- tattva kA sAkSAtkAra yA upalabdhi / darzana kI tIna vidhiyA~ sammata haiM-- (1) AlocanAtmaka jJAna ke dvArA pratyaya kA avadhAraNa (2) kArya-kAraNa kI mImAMsA ke dvArA pratyaya kA avadhAraNa (3) anubhava ke AdhAra para pratyaya kA samAkalana aura antardRSTi ke dvArA niSkarSa para pahu~canA / vaidika RSiyoM ne nadI, parvata, AkAza, vRkSa Adi prAkRtika padArthoM ko dekhA, eka AlocanAtmaka dRSTikoNa utpanna huA, darzana kI eka dhArA vikasita ho gaI / 'ghaTa' eka kArya hai / vyavahAra naya (sthUla satya) kI dRSTi se vaha miTTI se banA hai aura nizcaya naya (sUkSma satya yA vAstavika satya) kI dRSTi se vaha paramANu-samudaya se banA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vastu jagat ko samajhane ke lie kArya-kAraNAtmaka dRSTikoNa diyA, darzana kI dUsarI dhArA vikasita ho gaI / bhagavAn buddha ne mRta, rogI aura vRddha vyakti ko dekhA; mana vyAkula ho uThA, anubhava kI bhUmikA para gae aura unhoMne duHkha kA sAkSAtkAra kara liyA / darzana kI anubhava - paraka tIsarI dhArA vikasita huI / darzana meM buddhivAda aura tarkavAda kA sthAna hai, para usameM buddhi aura tarka kA ekAdhipatya nahIM hai| usameM antardRSTi aura anubhava kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai 1 bhAratIya darzana mUlata: adhyAtma-vidyA athavA yogavidyA se jur3A huA hai I

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti pAzcAtya darzana ke sAtha adhyAtma-vidyA athavA yoga-vidyA kI anivAryatA nahIM rhii| cArvAka darzana kA usameM vizvAsa hI nahIM hai| naiyAyika aura vaizeSika darzana mukhyatayA buddhi athavA tarka-vidyA-pradhAna hai| saba tattvoM meM sabase pramukha tattva AtmA hai| jo "AtmA ko jAna letA hai, vaha sabako jAna letA hai|" / astitva kI dRSTi se saba tattva samAna haiM, kintu mUlya kI dRSTi se AtmA sabase adhika mUlyavAn tattva hai| mUlya kA nirNaya AtmA para hI nirbhara hai| vastu kA astitva svayaMjAta hotA hai, kintu usakA mUlya cetanA se sambaddha hue binA nahIM hotaa| 'gulAba kA phUla lAla hai'-koI jAne yA na jAne, kintu 'gulAba kA phUla mana harane vAlA hai' yaha binA jAne nahIM hotaa| vaha taba taka manohara nahIM, jaba taka kisI AtmA ko vaisA na lge| 'dUdha sapheda hai'--isake lie cetanA se sambandha honA Avazyaka nahIM, kintu 'vaha upayogI hai'--yaha mUlya-viSayaka nirNaya cetanA se sambandha sthApita hue binA nahIM hotaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki manohArI, upayogI, priya-apriya Adi 'mUlyAMkana' para nirbhara hai| AtmA dvArA ajJAta vastu-vRtta astittva ke jagat meM rahate haiN| unakA astitva-nirNaya aura mUlya-nirNaya--ye donoM AtmA dvArA jJAta hone para hote haiN| 'vastu kA astitva hai'--isameM cetanA kI koI apekSA nahIM, kintu vastu jaba jJeya banatI hai taba cetanA dvArA usake astitva kA nirNaya hotA hai| yaha cetanA ke sAtha vastu ke sambandha kI pahalI koTi hai| dUsarI koTi meM usakA mUlyAMkana hotA hai taba vaha heya yA upAdeya banatI hai| ukta vivecana ke anusAra darzana ke do kArya haiM 1. vastuvRtta-viSayaka nirNaya / 2. mUlya-viSayaka nirNaya / jJeya, heya aura upAdeya-isa tripuTI se isI tattva kA nirdezana milatA hai| jaina darzana meM yathArtha jJAna hI pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| kAraNa yahI hai ki vastuvRtta ke nirNaya (priya vastu ke svIkAra aura apriya vastu ke asvIkAra) meM vahI kSama hai| eka vicAra A rahA hai--darzana ko yadi upayogI bananA ho to use vastu-vRttoM ko khojane kI apekSA unake prayojana athavA mUlya ko khojanA caahie| bhAratIya darzana ina donoM zAkhAoM ko chUtA rahA hai| usane jaise astitva-viSayaka samasyA para vicAra kiyA hai, vaise hI astitva se saMbaMdha rakhane vAlI mUlyoM kI samasyA para bhI vicAra kiyA hai| jJeya, heya aura upAdeya kA jJAna usI kA phala hai|

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darzana hai satyaM zivaM sundaraM kI triveNI mUlya-nirNaya kI dRSTiyA~ 3 mUlya - nirNaya kI tIna dRSTiyA~ haiM-- 1. saiddhAntika (theoretical) yA bauddhika (intellectual) 2. vyAvahArika (pragmatic) yA naitika (moral) 3. AdhyAtmika (spiritual ), dhArmika ( religious ) yA pAramArthika (transcendental) ina tIna dRSTiyoM se 'satya', 'ziva' aura 'sundara' kA mUlyAMkana kiyA jA sakatA hai| vastumAtra jJeya hai aura astitva kI dRSTi se jJeyamAtra satya hai / pAramArthika dRSTi se AtmA kI anubhUti hI satya hai| ziva kA artha hai-- kalyANa / pAramArthika dRSTi se Atma-vikAsa ziva hai / vyAhArika dRSTi se bhautika ( paudgalika) sAja-sajjA saundarya hai / saundarya kI kalpanA dRzya vastu meM hotI hai / dRzya vastu rUpa, gandha, rasa aura sparza - ina cAra guNoM se yukta hotI hai / ye varNa Adi cAra guNa kisI vastu meM manojJa ( manapasaMda ) rUpa meM hote haiM, to kisI meM amanojJa / inake AdhAra para vastu sundara yA asundara mAnI jAtI hai / pAramArthika dRSTi se AtmA hI sundara hai / pAramArthika dRSTi se satya, ziva aura sundara AtmA ke atirikta kucha bhI nahIM hai| vyAvahArika dRSTi se vyakti sundara nahIM hotA, kintu Atma vikAsa - prApta hone ke kAraNa yaha ziva hotA hai / isake viparIta jo ziva nahIM hotA, vaha kadAcit vyAvahArika dRSTi se sundara ho sakatA hai / mUlya - nirNaya kI uparyukta tInoM dRSTiyA~ sthUla niyama haiM / vyApaka dRSTi se vyaktiyoM kI jitanI apekSAe~ hotI haiM, utanI hI mUlyAMkana kI dRSTiyA~ haiM / kahA bhI haiM-- "na ramyaM nA'ramyaM prakRtiguNato vastu kimapi, priyatvaM vastUnAM bhavati ca khalu grAhakavazAt / " priyatva aura apriyatva grAhaka kI icchA ke adhIna haiM. vastu meM nahIM / nizcaya - dRSTi se na koI vastu iSTa haiM aura na koI aniSTa | " tAnevArthAn dviSataH, tAnevArthAn pralIyamAnasya / nizcayato'syAniSTaM na vidyate kiMcidiSTaM vA / "

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti -eka vyakti eka samaya jisa vastu se dveSa karatA hai, vahI dUsare samaya usI meM lIna ho jAtA hai, isalie iSTa-aniSTa kise mAnA jAe? vyavahAra kI dRSTi meM bhoga-vilAsa jIvana kA mUlya hai| adhyAtma kI dRSTi meM kAma-bhoga, duHkha haiN| saundarya-asaundarya, acchAI-burAI, priyatA-apriyatA, upAdeyatA-heyatA Adi ke nirNaya meM vastu kI yogyatA nimitta banatI hai| vastu ke zubha-azubha paramANu mana ke paramANuoM ko prabhAvita karate haiN| jisa vyakti ke zArIrika vyakti usa vastu ke prati AkRSTa ho jAtA hai| donoM kA vaiSamya ho to AkarSaka nahIM bntaa| yaha sAmya aura vaiSamya deza, kAla aura paristhiti Adi para nirbhara hai| eka deza, kAla aura paristhiti meM jisa vyakti ke lie jo vastu heya hotI hai, vahI dUsare deza, kAla aura paristhiti meM upAdeya bana jAtI hai| yaha vyAvahArika dRSTi hai| - mUlya ke pratyeka nirNaya meM AtmA kI saMtuSTi yA asaMtuSTi antarnihita hotI hai| azuddha dazA meM AtmA kA saMtoSa yA asaMtoSa bhI azuddha hai isalie isa dazA meM hone vAlA mUlyAMkana nitAMta bauddhika yA nitAMta vyAvahArika hotA hai| vaha zivatva ke anukUla nahIM hotaa| zivatva ke sAdhana tIna haiM--samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak caaritr| yaha zraddhA, jJAna aura AcAra kI triveNI hI zivatva ke anukUla hai| yaha AtmA kI parikramA kiye calatI hai darzana AtmA kA nizcaya hai| jJAna AtmA kA bodha hai| cAritra AtmA kI sthiti yA ramaNa hai| yaha AdhyAtmika ratnatrayI hai| isI ke AdhAra para jaina darzana kahatA hai-Asrava heya hai aura saMvara upAdeya / "yahI tattva Adya zaMkarAcArya (bahmasUtra, zAMkarabhASya) meM milatA hai "brahma kI avagati hI paramapurupArtha hai, kyoMki brahma-jJAna se sampUrNa saMsAra ke kAraNabhUta avidyA Adi anartha kA nazA hotA hai. isalie brahmajijJAsA karanI caahie|" 'bauddha darzana ke anusAra duHkha heya hai aura mArga upaadey| vedAMta ke anusAra avidyA heya hai aura vidyA upaadey| isI prakAra sabhI darzana heya aura upAdeya kI sUcI liye hue calate haiN| heya aura upAdeya kI jo anubhUti hai, vaha darzana hai| agamya ko gamya banAne vAlI vicAra-paddhati bhI darzana hai| isa paribhASA ke anusAra mahApuruSoM

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darzana hai satyaM zivaM sundaraM kI triveNI (AptajanoM) kI vicAra-paddhati bhI darzana hai| tattva-upalabdhi kI dRSTi se darzana eka hai| vicAra-paddhatiyoM kI dRSTi se ve (darzana) aneka haiN| __ isa viSaya meM Rgveda kA yaha sUkta mananIya hai--"ekaM sad viprA bahudhA vdnti|" zivatva ke sAdhana kI avadhAraNA meM kucha darzanoM ke vicAra nimna prakAra sAMkhya darzana--prakRti aura puruSa kA viveka vedAnta darzana-vidyA bauddha darzana-aSTAMga mArga aSTAMga haiM (1) samyak dRSTi (2) samyak saMkalpa (3) samyak vacana (4) samyak karma (5) samyak AjIva (6) samyak pradhAna (7) samyak smRti (8) samyak samAdhi / darzana kI praNAlI darzana kI praNAlI yukti para AdhArita hotI hai| darzana tattva (astitva athavA dravya aura paryAya) ye saMbaMdha rakhatA hai isIlie use tattva kA vijJAna (Metaphysics) kahanA caahie| tattva para vicAra karane ke lie yukti yA tarka kA sahArA apekSita hotA hai| darzana ke kSetra meM tArkika praNAlI ke dvArA padArtha, AtmA, anAtmA, gati, sthiti, samaya, avakAza, pudgala, jIvana, mastiSka, jagat, Izvara Adi tathyoM kI vyAkhyA, AlocanA, spaSTIkaraNa yA parIkSA kI jAtI hai isIlie ekAMgI dRSTi se darzana kI aneka paribhASAe~ milatI haiM : 1. jIvana kI bauddhika mImAMsA darzana hai| 2. jIvana kI AlocanA darzana hai| inameM pUrNatA nahIM, kintu apUrNatA meM bhI satyAMza avazya hai| Astika darzana kI bhitti-AtmavAda aneka vyakti yaha nahIM jAnate ki "maiM kahAM se AyA hU~? merA punarjanma hogA yA nahIM? maiM kauna hU~? yahA~ se phira kahA~ jAU~gA?" isa jijJAsA se darzana kA janma hotA hai| dharma-darzana kI mUla bhitti AtmA hai| yadi AtmA hai| to vaha hai, nahIM to nhiiN| yahIM se Atma-tattva AstikoM kA AtmavAda bana jAtA hai| vAda kI sthApanA ke lie darzana aura usakI saccAI ke lie dharma kA vistAra hotA hai|

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- jaina darzana aura saMskRti "ajJAnI kyA karegA jabaki use zreya aura pApa kA jJAna bhI nahIM hotA isalie pahale satya ko jAno aura bAda meM use jIvana meM utaaro|" bhAratIya dArzanika pAzcAtya dArzanika kI taraha kevala satya kA jJAna hI nahIM cAhatA, vaha cAhatA hai-mokss| upaniSad ke eka prasaMga meM maitreyI yAjJavalvaya se kahatI hai--"jisase maiM amRta nahIM banatI, use lekara kyA karU~? jo amRtattva kA sAdhana ho, vahI mujhe btaao|" jaina Agama uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke eka prasaMga meM kamalAvatI iSukAra ko sAvadhAna karatI hai--"he naradeva ! dharma ke sivAya anya koI bhI vastu trANa nahIM hai|" maitreyI apane pati se mokSa ke sAdhanabhUta adhyAtma-jJAna kI yAcanA karatI hai aura kamalAvatI apane pati ko dharma kA mahattva batAtI hai| isa prakAra dharma kI AtmA meM praviSTa hokara vaha AtmavAda adhyAtmavAda bana jAtA hai| yahI svara upaniSad ke RSiyoM kI vANI meM se nikalA--"AtmA . hI darzanIya, zravaNIya, mananIya aura dhyAna kie jAne yogya hai|" tattva yahI hai ki darzana kA prArambha AtmA se hotA hai aura anta mokSa meN| satya kA jJAna usakA zarIra hai aura satya kA AcaraNa usakI aatmaa| dharma-darzana dharma-darzana kI ciMtana-dhArA cAra binduoM para AdhArita hai : 1. bNdh| 2. baMdha-hetu (aashrv)| 3. mokss| . 4. mokSa-hetu (sNvr-nirjraa)| saMkSepa meM tattva do haiM--Asrava aura saMvara, isalie kAla-krama ke pravAha meM bAra-bAra yaha vANI mukharita huI hai : "Asravo bhavahetu: syAt, saMvaro moksskaarnnm| itIyamAhatI dRSTiranyadasyAH prapaMcanam // " "bhava (saMsAra-dazA me AtmA kI avasthiti) kA hetu hai--Asrava aura mokSa kA kAraNa hai--sNvr| saMkSepa meM yahI hai ArhatI dRSTi (jaina drshn)| zeSa saba isI kA vistAra hai|" __yahI tattva vedAMta meM avidyA aura vidyA zabda ke dvArA kahA gayA hai : "avidyA yandhahetuH syAt, vidyA syAt moksskaarnnm| mameni badhyate jantuH na mameti vimucyate / / "

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darzana hai satyaM zivaM sundaraM kI triveNI avidyA baMdha kA hetu hai, vidyA mokSa kA kAraNa hai / 'merA hai' aisA mAnatA hai, vaha prANI baMdhatA hai, 'merA nahIM' aisA mAnatA hai vaha prANI mukta ho jAtA hai| bauddha darzana ke cAra Arya satya aura kyA haiM ? yahI te haiM : 7 1. duHkha - heya / 2. samudaya - he hetu / 3. mArga -- hAnopAya yA mokSa - upAya / 4. nirodha -- hAna yA mokSa / yahI tattva hameM pAtaMjali yogasUtra aura vyAsa - bhASya meM milatA hai / yogadarzana bhI yahI kahatA hai -- "vivekI ke lie yaha saMyoga duHkha hai aura duHkha heya hai| trividha duHkha ke thaper3oM se thakA huA manuSya usake nAza ke lie jijJAsu banatA hai / " 1 zivamahimnastotra meM kahA gayA hai-- " rucInAM vaicitryAd RjukuTilanAnApathajuSAm, nRNAmeko gamyastvamasi payasAmarNava iva // " -- jaise sAre jala kA gamya hai - " samudra, vaise sabhI logoM kA gamya (maMjila) eka tU (ziva) hI hai, ruci - vicitratA ke kAraNa mArga aneka haiM-- koI sIdhA hai, koI vakra / ' satya eka hai. zodha-paddhatiyAM aneka / satya kI zodha aura satya kA AcaraNa dharma hai / sampradAya yA samAja satya - zodha kI saMsthAe~ haiM; ve dharma nahIM haiM / sampradAya aneka bana gae, para satya aneka nahIM bnaa| satya zuddha, nitya aura zAzvata (sadA rahane vAlA) hotA hai / sAdhana ke rUpa meM vaha hai ahiMsA aura sAdhya ke rUpa meM vaha hai mokSa / mokSa mokSa aura kyA hai ? duHkha se sukha kI ora prasthAna aura duHkha se mukti / "nirjarA - karmoM ke dUra hone se hone vAlI jo AtmA kI vizuddhi hai, vaha sukha hai / pApakarma duHkha hai / " bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dRSTi pApa ke phala para nahIM, pApa kI jar3a para prahAra karatI hai / ve kahate haiM- " mUla kA cheda kro| " " kAma bhoga kSaNa mAtra ke lie sukha hai. bahuta kAla taka duHkha dene vAle haiN| ye saMsAra se mukta hone meM bAdhaka haiM; isalie ye sukha nahIM haiM / ' " duHkha sabako apriya hai / saMsAra duHkhamaya hai / " "janma duHkha hai, bur3hApA duHkha hai aura mRtyu duHkha haiM / " Atma-vikAsa kI jo pUrNa dazA mokSa hai, vahA~ na janma hai, na mRtyu hai na roga aura na jarA /

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti ___ AtmA kA apanA rUpa sat, cit aura AnaMdaghana hai| AtmA ke sAtha jo vijAtIya sambandha hai, vaha heya hai| heya nahIM chUTatA, taba taka AtmA chor3ane-lene kI ulajhana meM phaMsA rahatA hai| heya chUTate hI vaha apane rUpa meM A jAtA hai| phira bAhara se na kucha letA hai aura na kucha lene kI use apekSA hotI hai; zarIra chUTa jAtA hai, zarIra ke dharma chUTa jAte haiN| zarIra ke mukhya dharma cAra haiM1. aahaar| 2. zvAsa-ucchvAsa / 3. vaannii| 4. ciNtn| ye rahate haiM, taba taka saMsAra calatA hai / sAMkhya darzana ke anusAra prakRti kA viyoga honA hI mokSa hai| naiyAyika darzana ke anusAra jIvAtmA ke duHkha aura usake kAraNoM se AtyantikI nivRtti mokSa hai| zaivadarzana (paramArthasAra) meM kahA gayA hai mokSasya naiva kincid dhAmAsti, na cApi gamanamanyatra / ajJAnagraMthibhidA svazaktyabhivyaktatA mokSaH // " -"mokSa na koI dhAma hai aura na kahIM gamana hai ! jisane ajJAna-graMthi ko tor3a DAlA hai usake lie apanI zakti kI abhivyakti hI mokSa hai|" advaita darzana meM AtmA kI avidyA se nivRtti, anavacchinna Ananda kI prApti evaM azarIrI avasthA ko mokSa kahA gayA hai| __bauddha darzana ke anusAra duHkha-nirodha hI nirvANa (mokSa) hai / satya kI paribhASA __prazna hai ki satya kyA hai? jaina Agama kahate haiM....." vahIM satya hai jo jina (Apta aura vItarAga) ne kahA hai|" vaidika siddhAnta meM bhI yahI likhA hai.---"AtmA jaise gRr3ha tattva kA kSINado payati (vItarAga) hI sAkSAtkAra karate haiN|" unakI vANI adhyAtmavAdI ke lie pramANa hai kyoMki vItarAga anyathAbhApI nahIM hote| jaise kahA hai..."amanya bolane ke mUla kAraNa nIna haiM.-rAga. Tepa aura moh|" jo vyakti zrI gadopa hai--dopatrI se mukta ho cukA, vaha phira kabhI asatya nahIM boltaa| vItarAga anyathAbhASI nahIM hote--yaha hamAre pratipAdya kA dUsarA pahalU hai| isase pahale unheM padArtha samUha kA yathArtha jJAna honA Avazyaka hai| yathArtha jJAna

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darzana hai satyaM zivaM sundaraM kI triveNI usI ko hotA hai jo nirAvaraNa (jJAna kA AvaraNa karane vAle karmoM se mukta ) ho / nirAvaraNa yAnI yathArthadraSTA / vItarAga- vAkya yAnI yathArtha - vaktRtva / ye do mUla avadhAraNAe~ hamArI satyamUlaka dhAraNA kI samAnAntara rekhAe~ haiM / inhIM ke AdhAra para hamane Apta ke upadeza ko Agama - siddhAMta mAnA hai / phalitArtha yaha huA ki yathArthajJAtA evaM yathArthavaktA se hameM jo kucha milA, vahI satya hai| svataMtra vicArakoM kA khyAla hai ki dArzanika paramparA ke AdhAra para bhArata meM aMdhavizvAsa janmA / pratyeka manuSya ke pAsa buddhi hai, tarka hai, anubhava hai, phira vaha kyoM aisA svIkAra kare ki yaha amuka vyakti yA amUka zAstra kI vANI hai, isalie satya hI hai / vaha kyoM na apanI jJAna-zakti kA lAbha uThAe ? mahAtmA buddha ne apane ziSyoM se kahA- " kisI graMtha ko svataH pramANa mata mAnanA, anyathA buddhi aura anubhava kI prAmANikatA samApta ho jaaegii|" isa ulajhana ko pAra karane ke lie hameM darzana - vikAsa ke itihAsa para vihaMgama dRSTi DAlanI hogI / darzana kI utpatti vaidikoM kA dArzanika yuga upaniSad kAla se zurU hotA hai / Adhunika anveSakoM ke matAnusAra lagabhaga cAra hajAra varSa pUrva upaniSadoM kA nirmANa hone laga gayA thaa| lokamAnya tilaka ne maitryupaniSad kA racanAkAla IsA se pUrva 1880 se 1680 ke bIca mAnA hai / bauddhoM kA dArzanika yuga IsA se pUrva pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM zurU hotA hai / jainoM ke upalabdha darzana kA yuga bhI yahI hai, yadi hama bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ko isase na jodd'eN| yahA~ hamane jisa dArzanika yuga kA ullekha kiyA hai, usakA darzana kI utpatni se sambandha hai / vastuvRtyA vaha nirdiSTa kAla Agama-praNayanakAla hai, kintu darzana kI utpatti AgamoM se huI hai, isa para thor3A Age calakara kucha vizada rUpa meM batAyA jAegA isalie prastuta viSaya meM usa yuga ko darzanika yuga kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| : = dArzanika graMthoM kI racanA tathA puSTa prAmANika paramparAoM ke anusAra to vaidika, jaina aura bauddha prAyaH sabhI kA darzana-yuga lagabhaga vikrama kI pahalI zatAbdI yA usase eka zatI pUrva prArambha hotA hai| usase pahale kA yuga Agama-yuga ThaharatA hai / usameM RSi upadeza dete gae aura unake ve upadeza 'Agama' banate gye| apane mata ke pravartaka RSi ko satya- dRSTA kahakara unake

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti anuyAyiyoM dvArA unakA samarthana kiyA jAtA rhaa| RSi apanI svataMtra vANI meM bolate haiM-"maiM yoM kahatA huuN|" dArzanika yuga meM yaha badala gyaa| dArzanika bolatA hai--"isalie yaha yoM hai|" Agama-yuga zraddhA pradhAna thA aura darzana-yuga 'priikssaa-prdhaan| Agama-yuga meM parIkSA kI aura darzana-yuga meM zraddhA kI atyaMta upekSA nahIM huii| ho bhI nahIM sktii| isa bAta kI sUcanA ke lie hI yahA~ zraddhA aura parIkSA ke Age 'pradhAna' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| Agama meM pramANa ke lie paryApta sthAna surakSita hai isalie yaha vyApti bana sakatI hai ki Agama meM darzana hai aura darzana meM aagm| tAtparya kI dRSTi se dekheM to alpabuddhi vyakti ke lie Aja bhI Agama-yuga hai aura vizadabuddhi vyakti ke lie pahale bhI darzana-yuga thA kintu ekAntata: yoM mAna lenA bhI saMgata nahIM hotaa| cAhe kitanA hI alpabuddhi vyakti ho, kucha-kucha to parIkSA kA bhAva usameM hogA hii| dUsarI ora vizuddha-buddhi ke lie bhI zraddhA Avazyaka hogI hI isIlie AcAryoM ne batAyA hai ki Agama aura pramANa, dUsare zabdoM meM zraddhA aura yukti--ina donoM ke samanvaya se hI dRSTi meM pUrNatA AtI hai, anyathA satya-darzana kI dRSTi adhUrI hI rhegii| vizva meM do prakAra ke padArtha haiM--indriya-gamya padArtha yAnI indriyoM ke dvArA jinheM jAnA jA sakatA hai; atIndriya gamya padArtha-indriyoM se pare kisI viziSTa jJAna se jinheM jAnA jA sakatA hai| indriya-gamya padArthoM ko jAnane ke lie yukti aura atIndriya-gamya padArthoM ko jAnane ke lie Agama-ye donoM milakara hamArI satyonmukha-dRSTi ko pUrNa banAte haiN| yahA~ hameM atIndriya ko ahetugamya padArtha ke artha meM lenA hogA, anyathA viSaya kI saMgati nahIM hotI, kyoMki yukti ke dvArA bhI bahuta sAre atIndriya padArtha jAne jAte haiN| sirpha ahetugamya padArtha hI aise haiM, jahA~ ki yukti koI kAma nahIM krtii| jJeyatva kI apekSA se padArtha do bhAgoM meM vibhavata hote haiM-hetugamya aura ahetugmy| jIva kA astitva hetugamya hai-svaskhedana-pratyakSa, anumAna Adi pramANoM se usakI siddhi hotI hai| rUpa ko dekhakara rasa kA anumAna, saghana bAdaloM ko dekhakara varSA kA anumAna hotA hai, yaha hetugamya hai| pRthvI kAyika jIva zvAsa lete haiM, yaha ahetu gamya hai| abhavya jIva mokSa nahIM jAte kintu vayoM nahIM jAte, isakA yukti meM bhI kahA jAtA hai--"svabhAve tArkikA: bhagnAH"- svabhAva ke sAmane koI prazna nahIM hotaa| agni jalatI hai, AkAza nahIM--yaha tarka ke lie sthAna nahIM hai| Agama aura tarka kA jo pRthak-pRthak kSetra batalAyA hai, usako mAnakara cale binA hameM satya kA darzana nahIM ho sktaa| vaidika sAhitya ne bhI sampUrNa dRSTi ke

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darzana hai satyaM zivaM sundaraM kI triveNI 11 lie upadeza aura tarka-pUrNa manana tathA nididhyAsana (gahana dhyAna yA ciMtana) kI AvazyakatA batalAI hai| jahA~ tarka kA atiraMjana hotA hai, vahA~ ekAMtikatA (ekapakSIya Agraha) A jAtI hai| usase abhiniveza, Agraha yA mithyAtva panapatA 1 Agama : tarka kI kasauTI para yadi koI eka hI dRSTA RSi hotA yA sAre Agama eka hI prakAra ke hote to AgamoM ko tarka kI kasauTI para car3hane kI ghar3I na AtI kintu aneka matavAda haiM, aneka RSi, kisakI bAteM mAneM, kisakI nahIM, yaha prazna logoM ke sAmane AyA / dhArmika matavAdoM ke isa pArasparika saMgharSa se darzana kA vikAsa huA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM 363 matavAdoM kA ullekha milatA hai / bAda meM unakI zAkhA prazAkhAoM kA vistAra hotA gayA / sthiti aisI banI ki Agama kI sAkSI se apane siddhAntoM kI sacAI banAye rakhanA kaThina ho gayA / taba prAya: sabhI pramukha matavAdoM ne apane tattvoM ko vyavasthita karane ke liye yukti kA sahArA liyA / AgamoM kI satyatA kA bhAgya tarka ke hAtha meM A gyaa| cAroM ora 'vAde vAde jAyate tattvabodhaH ' - yaha ukti gUMjane lagI / vahI dharma satya mAnA jAne lagA jo kaSa, cheda aura tApa saha sake / parIkSA ke sAmane amuka vyakti kI vANI kA AdhAra nahIM rahA, vahA~ vyakti ke Age yukti kI upAdhi lagAnI par3I-- "yuktimad vacanaM yasya tasya kAryaH parigrahaH " - " jisakA vacana yuktiyukta ho, use hI grahaNa karanA cAhiye / ' bhagavAn mahAvIra, bhagavAn buddha yA maharSi vyAsa kI vANI hai, isalie satya hai yA isalie mAno, yaha bAta gauNa ho gaI / 'hamArA siddhAMta yuktiyukta hai, isaliye satya hai - isakA prAdhAnya ho gayA / tarka kA durupayoga jyoM-jyoM dhArmikoM meM mata- vistAra kI bhAvanA bar3hatI gaI, tyoM-tyoM tarka kA kSetra vyApaka banatA calA gayA / nyAyasUtrakAra ne vAda, jalpa aura vitaNDA ko tattva batAyA / vAda ko to prAyaH sabhI darzanoM meM sthAna milaa| jaya-parAjaya kI vyavasthA bhI mAnya huI, bhale hI usake uddezya meM kucha antara rahA ho / AcArya aura ziSya ke bIca hone vAlI tattvacarcA ke kSetra meM vAda phira bhI vizuddha rahA kintu do virodhI matAnuyAyiyoM meM carcA hotI, vahA~ vAda adharmavAda se bhI adhika

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12 . jaina darzana aura saMskRti vikRta bana jaataa| maNDanamizra aura zaMkarAcArya ke bIca hue vAda kA varNana isakA jvalaMta pramANa hai| AcArya siddhasena 'divAkara' ne mahAn tArkika hote hue bhI zuSka vAda ke viSaya meM vicAra vyakta karate hue likhA hai ki "zreyas aura vAda kI dizAe~ bhinna haiN|" bhArata meM pArasparika virodha bar3hane meM zuSka tarkavAda kA pramukha hAtha hai "to'pratiSThaH zrutayo vibhinnAH, naiko muniryasya vaca: prmaannm|" -arthAt "tarka puSTa AdhAra vAlA nahIM hai aura zrutiyA~ (veda Adi graMtha) bhinna-bhinna (pratipAdana kara rahe) haiN| aisA eka bhI muni (jJAnI) nahIM hai jisakA vacana pramANa mAnA jaae|"--yudhisstthir ke ye udgAra tarka kI asthiratA aura matavAdoM kI bahulatA se utpanna huI jaTilatA ke sUcaka haiN| madhyasthavRtti vAle AcArya jahA~ tarka kI upayogitA mAnate the, vahA~ zuSka tarkavAda ke virodhI bhI the| prastuta viSaya kA upasaMhAra karane se pUrva hameM una para dRSTi DAlanI hogI jo satya ke do rUpa hameM isa vivaraNa meM milate haiM 1. Agama ko pramANa mAnane vAloM ke matAnusAra jo sarvajJa ne kahA hai vaha tathA jo sarvajJa kathita aura yukti dvArA samarthita hai vahI satya hai| 2. Agama ko pramANa na mAnane vAloM ke matAnusAra jo tarkasiddha hai, vahI satya hai| kintu sUkSma, vyavahita, atIndriya tathA svabhAva-siddha padArthoM kI jAnakArI ke lie yukti kahA~ taka kArya kara sakatI hai, yaha zraddhA ko sarvathA asvIkAra karane vAloM ke lie ciMtanIya hai| hama tarka kI ekAMtikatA ko dUra kara deM to vaha satya-saMdhAnAtmaka pravRtti ke lie divya-cakSu hai| dharma-darzana Atma-zuddhi aura tattva-vyavasthA ke lie hai, AtmavaMcanA yA dUsaroM ko jAla meM phaMsAne ke lie nahIM; isalie darzana ke kSetra meM satya kA anveSaNa honA caahie| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zabdoM meM "satya hI loka meM sArabhUta hai|" upaniSadkAra ke zabdoM meM "satya hI brahmavidyA kA adhiSThadAna aura parama lakSya hai|" "Atma-hitecchu puruSa asatya, cAhe vaha kahIM ho, ko chor3a, satya ko grahaNa kre|"-kvi bhoja yati kI yaha mAdhyasthyapUrNa uvitta pratyeka tArkika ke lie mAnanIya hai| darzana kA mUla tArkika vicAra-paddhati, tattvajJAna, vicAraprayojaka jJAna athavA parIkSA vidhi kA nAma darzana hai| usakA mUla udgama koI eka vastu yA siddhAnta hotA hai| jisa

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darzana hai satyaM zivaM sundaraM kI triveNI vastu yA siddhAnta ko lekara yauktika vicAra kiyA jAye, vaha (vicAra) darzana bana jAtA hai, jaise-rAjanIti-darzana, samAja-darzana, Atma-darzana, dharma-darzana aadi-aadi| yaha sAmAnya sthiti yA Adhunika sthiti hai| purAnI paribhASA itanI vyApaka nahIM hai| aitihAsika dRSTi ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki darzana zabda kA prayoga sabase pahale 'AtmA se sambandha rakhane vAle vicAra' ke artha meM huA hai| darzana yAnI vaha tattva-jJAna jo AtmA, karma, dharma, svarga, naraka Adi kA vicAra kre| Age calakara bRhaspati ke lokAyata mata aura ajita kezakambalI ke ucchedavAda tathA tajjIva-taccharIravAda jaisI nAstika vicAradhArAe~ sAmane aayiiN| taba darzana kA artha kucha vyApaka ho gyaa| vaha sirpha AtmA se hI sambaddha nahIM rhaa| vyApaka saMdarbha meM darzana kI paribhASA huI- . __ darzana-arthAt vizva kI mImAMsA, astitva yA nAstitva kA vicAra athavA satya-zodha kA saadhn| pAzcAtya dArzanikoM kI, vizeSata: kArla mAvarsa kI vicAradhArA ke AvirbhAva ne darzana kA kSetra aura adhika vyApaka banA diyaa| jaisA ki. mAvarsa ne kahA hai--"dArzanika ne jagat ko samajhane kI ceSTA kI hai| prazna yaha hai ki usakA parivartana kaise kiyA jaae|" mAvarsa-darzana vizva aura samAja donoM tattvoM kA vicAra karatA hai| vaha vizva ko samajhane kI apekSA samAja ko badalane meM darzana kI adhika saphalatA mAnatA hai| AstikoM ne samAja para kucha bhI vicAra nahIM kiyA aisA to nahIM; phira bhI unakA antima lakSya ni:zreyas (mokSa) rahA kintu niHzreyas ke sAtha abhyudaya (iha-laukika lAbha) sarvathA upekSita nahIM huaa| kahA bhI hai yadAbhyudayikancaiva, naizreyasikameva c| ___ sukhaM sAdhayituM mArga, darzayet tad hi darzanam // " jo abhyudaya aura ni:zreyas-donoM se sambandhita sukha ko sAdhane kA mArga dikhAe, vahI darzana hai| nAstika dharma-karma para to nahIM ruke, kintu phira bhI unheM samAja-parivartana kI bAta nahIM suujhii| unakA pakSa prAyaH khaNDanAtmaka hI rhaa| mAvarsa ne samAja ko badalane ke lie hI samAja ko dekhaa| AstikoM kA darzana samAja se Age calatA hai| unakA lakSya hai zarIra-muvitta--pUrNa svatantratA-mokSa / nAstikoM kA darzana aihika sukha-suvidhAoM ke upayoga meM koI khAmI na rahe, isalie AtmA kA uccheda sAdhakara ruka jAtA hai| mAvarsa ke dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda

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14 jaina darzana aura saMskRti kA lakSya hai-samAja kI vartamAna avasthA kA sudhaar| aba hama dekhate haiM ki darzana zabda jisa artha meM calA, aba vaha artha usameM nahIM rhaa| haribhadra sUri ne vaikalpika dazA meM cArvAka mata ko chaha darzanoM meM sthAna diyA hai| mArsa-darzana bhI Aja labdhapratiSTha hai; isalie isako darzana na mAnane kA Agraha karanA satya se AMkheM mUMdane jaisA hai| darzana kI dhArAe~ darzanoM kI vividhatA yA vividha-viSayatA ke kAraNa 'darzana' kA prayoga eka-mAtra AtmavicAra-sambandhI nahIM rahA isaliye acchA hai ki viSaya kI sUcanA ke liye usake sAtha mukhyatayA svaviSayaka vizeSaNa rhe| AtmA ko mUla mAnakara calane vAle darzana kA mukhyatayA pratipAdya viSaya dharma hai isalie AtmamUlaka darzana kI 'dharma-darzana' saMjJA rakhakara caleM to viSaya ke pratipAdana meM bahuta suvidhA hogii| dharma-darzana kA utsa (mUla srota) AptavANI (Agama) hai| ThIka bhI hai| AdhArazUnya vicAra-paddhati kisakA vicAra kare? sAmane koI tattva nahIM taba kisakI parIkSA kare? pratyeka darzana apane mAnya tattvoM kI vyAkhyA se zurU hotA hai| sAMkhya yA jaina darzana, naiyAyika yA vaizeSika darzana, kisI ko bhI leM, saba meM svAbhimata tattvoM kI hI parIkSA hai| unhoMne amuka-amuka saMkhyAbaddha tattva kyoM mAne, isakA uttara denA darzana kA viSaya nahIM, kyoMki vaha satyadRSTA tapasviyoM ke sAkSAt-darzana kA pariNAma hai| mAne hue tattva satya haiM yA nahIM, unakI saMkhyA saMgata hai yA nahIM, yaha batAnA darzana kA kAma hai| dArzanikoM ne ThIka yahI kiyA hai isalie yaha ni:saMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai ki darzana kA mUla AdhAra Agama hai| vaidika niruktakAra isa tathya ko eka ghaTanA ke rUpa meM vyakta karate haiN| RSiyoM ke utkramaNa karane para manuSyoM ne devatAoM se pUchA-"aba hamArA RSi kauna-hogA?" taba devatAoM ne unheM 'tarka' nAmaka RSi pradAna kiyaa| saMkSepa meM sAra itanA hI hai ki RSiyoM ke samaya meM Agama kA prAdhAnya rhaa| unake abhAva meM unhIM kI vANI ke AdhAra para darzanazAstra kA vikAsa huaa| jaina darzana kI AstikatA jaina darzana parama astivAdI hai| isakA pramANa hai--astivAda ke cAra aMgoM kI sviikRti| usake cAra vizvAsa haiM-AtmavAda, lokavAda, karmavAda aura

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darzana hai satyaM zivaM sundaraM kI triveNI 15 kriyAvAda / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA- -" loka- aloka, jIva- ajIva, dharma-adharma, bandhana - mokSa, puNya-pApa, kriyA-akriyA nahIM haiM, aisI saMjJA mata rakho kintu ye saba haiM, aisI saMjJA rakho / " zraddhA aura yukti kA samanvaya yaha nirgratha-pravacana (jaina dharma yA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke siddhAnta) zraddhAlu ke lie jitanA Aptavacana hai, utanA hI eka buddhivAdI ke lie yuktivacana / isIlie Agama - sAhitya meM aneka sthAnoM para pramANa kI carcA kI gaI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jahA~ zraddhAvAn ko 'medhAvI' kahA hai, vahA~ "matiman ! dekha, vicAra" - isa prakAra svataMtratApUrvaka socane-samajhane kA avasara bhI diyA hai / yaha saMketa uttaravartI AcAryoM kI vANI meM yoM punarAvartita huA-- "parIkSya bhikSavo grAhyaM madvaco, na tu gauravAt / " mokSa-darzana " eyaM pAsagasya daMsaNaM" - " yaha dRSTA kA darzana hai / ' sahI artha meM jaina darzana koI vAdavivAda lekara nahIM cltaa| vaha Atma- mukti kA mArga hai, apane ApakI khoja aura apane-Apako pAne kA rAstA hai| isakA mUla maMtra hai - 'satya kI eSaNA karo' 'satya ko grahaNa karo', 'satya meM dhairya rakho', 'satya hI loka meM sArabhUta hai / ' jaina darzana kA Arambha yUnAnI darzana kA Arambha Azcarya se huA mAnA jAtA hai| yUnAnI dArzanika aphalAtUna ( pleTo) kA prasiddha vAkya hai- " darzana kA udbhava Azcarya se hotA hai / " pazcimI darzana kA udgama saMzaya ( doubt ) se huA - aisI mAnyatA hai / bhAratIya darzana kA srota hai-- duHkha nivRtti ke upAya kI jijJAsA / duHkha jaina darzana isakA apavAda nahIM hai| yaha saMsAra adhruva (anitya) aura duHkhabahula hai / vaha kauna - sA karma hai, jise svIkAra kara maiM durgati se bacUM, - paramparA se mukti pA sakUM -- isa ciMtana kA phala hai- AtmavAda / "sucIrNa karma kA phala sat (acchA ) hotA hai aura duzcIrNa karma kA phala asat (burA) / " " - yaha karmavAda hai 1

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti "AtmA para niyaMtraNa kara, yaha duHkha-mukti kA upAya hai / " - isa duHkha nivRtti ke upAya ne kriyAvAda ko janma diyaa| isakI zodha ke sAtha-sAtha dUsare aneka tattvoM kA vikAsa huaa| 16 Azcarya aura saMzaya bhI darzana - vikAsa ke nimitta banate haiM / jaina sUtroM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unake jyeSTha ziSya gautama ke praznottara pracura mAtrA meM haiM / gautama svAmI ne prazna pUche, unake kaI kAraNa batAe haiN| unameM do kAraNa ye haiM-- saMzaya aura kautUhala (yAnI jijJAsA) / gautama ko jaba saMzaya aura kautUhala huA taba ve bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa Ae aura unase samAdhAna maaNgaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne unake praznoM ko samAhita kiyA / ye praznottara jaina tattvajJAna kI amUlya nidhi haiM / jaina darzana kA dhyeya jaina darzana kA dhyeya hai-- AdhyAtmika anubhava / AdhyAtmika anubhava kA artha svataMtra AtmA kA ekatva meM mila jAnA nahIM, kintu apane svataMtra astitva kA anubhava karanA hai| jaina darzana ko vedAnta kA yaha maMtavya svIkArya nahIM hai ki mukta-dazA prApta AtmA kisI parama astitva yA sattA meM vilIna ho jAtI hai / jaina darzana ko bauddha darzana kA yaha mata bhI mAnya nahIM hai ki nirvANa prApta hone kA artha hai - zUnya meM vilIna ho jAnA yA jyoti kA sadA-sadA ke lie bujha jAnA / pratyeka AtmA kI svataMtra sattA hai aura pratyeka AtmA anaMta zakti sampanna hai / AtmA aura paramAtmA, ye sarvathA bhinna sattAtmaka tattva nahIM haiM / azuddha dazA meM jo AtmA hotI hai, vahI zuddha dazA meM paramAtmA bana jAtI hai / azuddha dazA meM AtmA ke jJAna aura zakti jo AvRta hote haiM, ve zuddha dazA meM pUrNa vikasita ho jAte haiN| zuddha AtmAoM kI saMkhyAtmaka bhinnatA banI rahatI hai / 'satya kI zodha' yaha bhI jaina darzana kA dhyeya hai kintu kevala satya kI zodha hI nahIM, usakI prApti dhyeya ke sAtha jur3I huI hai / AdhyAtmika dRSTi se vahI satya satya hai, jo AtmA ko azuddha yA anunnata dazA se zuddha yA unnata dazA meM parivartita karane ke lie upayukta hotA hai| mArksa ne jo kahA " dArzanikoM ne jagat ko vividha prakAra se samajhane kA prayatna kiyA hai, kintu use badalane kA nahIM", yaha sarvAMga sundara nahIM hai| parivartana ke prati dRSTi-bindu haiM-- bAhya aura Antarika / unakA bhAratIya darzana AMtarika parivartana ko mukhya mAnakara cale haiM / abhimata yaha rahA hai ki AdhyAtmika parivartana hone para bAharI parivartana apane

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darzana hai satyaM zivaM sundaraM kI triveNI 17 Apa ho jAtA hai / abhyudaya unakA sAdhya nahIM, kevala jIvana nirvAha kA sAdhana mAtra rahA hai| mArksa jaise vyakti, jo kevala bAharI parivartana ko hI sAdhya mAnakara cale, unakA parivartana sambandhI dRSTikoNa bhinna hai / jana dRSTi ke anusAra bAharI parivartana se kvacit AMtarika parivartana sulabha ho sakatA hai, kintu usase Atma- mukti kA dvAra nahIM khulatA, isalie vaha mokSa ke lie mUlyavAn nahIM hai / palAyanavAda kucha pazcimI vicArakoM ne bhAratIya darzana para yaha Aropa lagAyA hai ki vaha palAyanavAdI hai / kucha vaidika vidvAnoM ne zramaNa darzana (jaina aura bauddha) ko isa Aropa se samAropita kiyA hai ki vaha palAyanavAdI hai / isa Aropa ko asvIkAra kareM yA svIkAra ? Aropa lagAne vAloM kA apanA dRSTikoNa hai aura vaha nirAdhAra nahIM hai| jIvana kI tulA ke do palar3e haiM / pazcimI vicArakoM ne vartamAna ke palar3e ko adhika mUlya diyA hai, isalie bhaviSya ke palar3e ko adhika mUlya dene vAle bhAratIya darzana unakI dRSTi meM palAyanavAdI haiM / vaidika vidvAnoM ne gRhasthAzrama ko adhika mUlya diyA hai, isalie saMnyAsa ko adhika mahattva dene vAle zramaNa darzana unakI dRSTi meM palAyanavAdI haiM / -~ palAyana ke do koNa haiM - eka nirAzA aura dUsarA utkarSa kI upalabdhi kA prayatna / bhAratIya darzana nirAzAvAdI nahIM haiN| vartamAna jIvana ke prati unameM utkaTa AsthA hai / isake sAkSya haiM ve vaidika sUkta, jinameM kAmanA kI vedI para baiThA huA vartamAna dasoM aMguliyoM se samRddhi ko baTora rahA hai / vaidika RSi ke lie saMsAra asAra nahIM hai| usake mana meM cirAyu hone kI kAmanA hai / vaha gAmAta haiM-- " jIvema zaradaH zatam " - hama sau varSa taka jie~ / vaha jIvana ko maMgalamaya jInA cAhatA hai isalie usakI kAmanA hai - " zrRNuyAma zaradaH zataM prabravAma zaradaH zataM, adInAH syAma zaradaH zatam / " 1 - " hama jIvana ke antima kSaNa taka sunate raheM, bolate raheM aura parAkrama kI zikSA ko pradIpta karate raheM / " usakI saphalatA kI prArthanA kA svara bahuta virAT hai / vaha kahatA hai - " mahyaM namaMtAM pradizA catasraH " - "mere lie sabhI dizAe~ jhuka jAe~ / " usakI bhASA asIma hai / vaha alpa se toSa kA anubhava nahIM karatA / usakA svara AzAtIta hai-. "satyanca me zraddhA ca me jagacca me dhananca me, vizvanca meM mahazca me krIr3A ca me jAtanva me janiSyamANanca me sUktanca me sukRtanca me yajJena 'kalpantAm / " " "0

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18 jaina darzana aura saMskRti ___"satya, zraddhA, jagata, dhana, vizva, dIpti, krIr3A, moda, putra, hone vAlA apatya, sUkta, puNya, ye saba mere liye hoN|" vaidika darzana ke AzAvAdI maMca para zramaNa-darzana ko prastuta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki usameM kAmanA kA svara mukhara nahIM hai| usakA svara dezAtIta aura kAlAtIta astitva ko anAvRta karane kI dizA meM mukhara hai| vaha jIvana ke prati nirAza nahIM hai, kintu jIvana-vikAsa kI antima rekhA taka pahu~cane ke lie samarpita hai| usakA antima lakSya hai-mokss| usakA aMtima lakSya hai-nirvANa / ' upaniSadoM kA maMtavya vaidika RSiyoM kI uparyukta mAnyatAoM se bhinna, para zramaNa-darzana ke sadRza rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai| "bhAratIya sabhyatA evaM saMskRti meM itihAsa" meM batAyA gayA hai--"upaniSadoM meM AtmA evaM brahma abhinna haiM jabaki brAhmaNa evaM AraNyaka meM donoM ko pUrNata: bhinna batAyA gayA hai| upaniSadoM meM AtmA athavA brahma ko viziSTa sthAna pradAna kiyA gayA hai jabaki brAhmaNa aura AraNyaka graMthoM meM devatAoM ko viziSTa sthAna prApta hai| isa prakAra ina granthoM meM bhinna-bhinna viSayoM kA pratipAdana hai| upaniSadoM meM aneka sthaloM para hameM vaidika karmakAMDa ke viruddha vidroha kI bhAvanA dikhAI detI hai| jagaha-jagaha para brAhmaNoM ke karmakANDa kI kaTu AlocanA kI gaI hai| yajJoM aura karmakAMDoM ko "muNDaka upaniSad" meM sArahIna aura hAsyAspada batAyA gayA hai, purohitoM ke vyaktitva ko ThukarAyA gayA hai, unake astitva ko cunautI dI gaI hai| isa taraha upaniSadoM meM karma ke sthAna para jJAna ko vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai| yajJa, upAsanA aura bAhya prakRti ke prati anurAga prakaTa karane ke sthAna para AtmA ke jJAna kI ora adhika dhyAna diyA hai| sarala zabdoM meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki upaniSad yajJa aura upAsanA para bala naM dekara AdhyAtmikatA kI ora prerita karate haiN| upaniSadoM ke anusAra manuSya kA saccA dhyeya mokSa prApta karanA hai| mokSa kA abhiprAya hai janma tathA mRtyu ke bandhanoM se mukti / manuSya ko aisA prayatna karanA cAhie ki use phira se janma na lenA par3e kyoMki janma lene se hI jIva ko aneka kleza bhogane par3ate haiN| zrI dinakara ke anusAra-"upaniSadoM ne sacce sukha kI jo kalpanA kI, vaha mokSa kA sukha thA, vaha jIvana aura mRtyu se chuTakArA pAne kA sukha thaa| isa sukha ke sAmane svarga-sukha ko upaniSadoM ne hIna batAyA aura isI prakAra loga svarga ke sAmane laukika jIvana ko hIna mAnane lage haiN| ataeva bhAratIya darzana meM nirAzAvAda kI eka halakI paramparA kA Arambha kramazaH..

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darzana hai satyaM zivaM sundaraM kI triveNI mokSa jIvana kI vaha avasthA hai jahA~ sava bandhana nirbadha ho jAte haiN| sAmAjika, Arthika, rAjanaitika bhautika aura dhArmika-ina saba baMdhanoM se mukti, pUrNa svataMtratA kA artha hai mokSa / nirvANa jIvana kI vaha avasthA hai jahA~ daihika vAcika aura mAnasika saba doSa ni:zeSa ho jAte haiN| jahA~ samagra vAsanAoM aura klezoM kI zAMti se nirapekSa zAnti prApta hotI hai| apUrNatA se pUrNatA kI ora jAne ke lie uThA huA paga nirAzAvAdI nahIM ho sktaa| dvitIya mahAyuddha ke madhya mitrarASTroM kI senA pIche haTatI jA rahI thii| darzaka use nirAza aura parAjita mAna rahe the| raNavizeSajJa use apanI raNanIti (strategy) batA rahe the| vijaya ke kSaNoM ne isI bAta kI puSTi kI ki vaha unakI raNanIti thii| __hamArA samUcA jIvana samarAMgaNa hai| hama jIvana-samara meM Age bhI bar3hate haiM. pIche bhI haTate haiN| pIche haTanA nirAzA nahIM hai, palAyana nahIM hai, vaha hamArI samara-nIti hai| 'saMsAra asAra hai'- zramaNa darzana ne yaha udghoSaNA kI hai| yaha kramaza .... upaniSadoM se hI huA aura yahI paramparA upaniSadoM ke pUrNa vikAsa ke yuga meM Akara puSTa aura jaina tathA bauddha darzana meM jAkara pracaNDa ho utthii|" upaniSadoM meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki Atma-tattva ko pahacAne binA mokSa saMbhava nahIM hai, isalie ahaMkAra ko ekadama haTA denA parama Avazyaka hai| ahaMkAra ke kAraNa hI manuSya saMsAra rUpI garta meM giratA hai| upaniSadoM kA saMdeza hai ki manuSya ko pAzvika manovRtti se ,pRthak rahanA caahie| pAzvika manovRtti ke nirodha se saba kucha sAdhA jA sakatA hai isalie Atma-nigraha Avazyaka hai| kutsita icchAoM kA anta karane se saba prakAra kI sAdhanA sarala ho jAtI hai| ina saba taiyAriyoM se mokSa prApti kA mArga sarala ho jAtA hai| mokSa eka Ananda-maya avasthA hai| jo jIva isa avasthA ko prApta nahIM kara sakate, unake lie karma-siddhAnta ke anusAra punarjanma kA baMdha. hotA hai| jo jIva apane puNyakRtyoM dvArA Atma-tattva pahacAna letA hai vaha usa brahmaloka yA. satya loka ko prApta kara letA hai, jahA~ se vApasa nahIM AnA pdd'taa| upaniSadoM meM ullekha hai ki apane puNyoM dvArA Atma-tattva ko pahacAna lene vAle jIva devayAna yA arci-mArga dvArA bahmaloka ko jAte haiN| isake viparIta sAdhAraNa puNya vAle jIva pitRyAna yA dhUpa-mArga dvArA caMdraloka jAte haiM, vahA~ se puNya phala ke kSINa hone para unheM vApasa AnA par3atA hai| mokSa prApta kara lene vAle jIvoM ko kisI bhI mArga kA anusaraNa nahIM karanA pdd'taa|"

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20 jaina darzana aura saMskRti nirAzA kA svara nahIM hai kintu bhautikatA ke nirbAdha AkramaNa ke sAmane unakI sAmarika vyUha racanA hai| yaha unakA palAyana nahIM hai, kintu indriyoM ke ucchaMkhala nimaMtraNa ke sAmane unmukta vidroha hai| zramaNa dArzanika gAtA hai--"jIvana kI AzaMsA (AkAMkSA) mata karo, mRtyu kI AzaMsA mata kro| vaha jIvana AzaMsanIya nahIM hai, jo bhautikatA se AkrAMta aura aindriyaka ucchaMkhalatA se saMtrasta hai|" "vaha mRtyu abhilaSaNIya nahIM hai, jo nirAzA se abhibhUta (parAjita) aura jIvana-nirvAha kI akSamatA se saMkula hai|" / ___ "tuma vaisA jIvana jiyo, jisameM cetanA kA pratibimba aura svataMtratA kI pratidhvani ho| tuma vaisI mRtyu se maro, jisakI khir3akI se jIvana kI saphalatA jhAMka rahI ho aura jise caitasika prasannatA AplAvita kara rahI ho|" abhyAsa 1. darzana kI paribhASA ke saMbaMdha meM mukhya matabheda kyA haiM? . 2. vibhinna bhAratIya darzanoM meM bandha aura mokSa ke sambandha meM mukhya dhAraNAoM meM kyA samAnatA hai? 3. kyA zraddhA aura tarka kA samanvaya kiyA jA sakatA hai? kaise? 4. kyA jaina darzana palAyanavAdI hai? 000

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Ao caleM amUrta vizva kI yAtrA para pratyeka kriyA ke pIche kartA kA kartRtva hotA hai| yaha tarkazAstra kA sAmAnya niyama hai ki kartA ke binA kriyA nahIM ho sktii| vyAkaraNa-zAstra ke anusAra saba kArakoM meM pahalA kAraka kartA hotA hai| karma, sAdhana Adi ke kAraka usake hone para hI hote haiM, usake abhAva meM nahIM hote| vyAkaraNAcAryoM ne isI pradhAnatA ke AdhAra para isa siddhAnta kI sthApanA kI--kartA svataMtra hotA hai aura karma Adi kAraka usake adhIna hote haiN| ___ kartA, kriyA aura usakA pariNAma yaha eka ghaTanAkrama hai| kucha ghaTanAoM meM ye tInoM hamAre sAmane hote haiM isalie vahA~ kartRtva kA prazna upasthita nahIM hotaa| ve ghaTanAe~ hamAre sAmane kartRtva kA prazna upasthita karatI haiM, jahA~ pariNAma hamAre sAmane hotA hai, kintu usakA kartA hamAre sAmane nahIM hotaa| isakA udAharaNa hamArA vizva hai jisameM hama rahate haiM aura jise nirantara apanI A~khoM se tairatA-DUbatA dekhate haiN| yaha vizAla bhU-khaMDa kisake kuzala aura sazakta hAthoM kI kRti hai? ye uttuMga zikhara vAle parvata kisake hAthoM dvArA niSpanna hue haiM? yaha AkAza kisake kauzala kA paricaya de rahA hai? ye asaMkhya nIhArikAe~ kisake kartRtva kA gIta gA rahI haiM? yaha camakate hue sUrya aura zAMti barasAte hue cAMda kA Adi kartA kauna hai? ye bhUkhaNDa ko AveSTita kie hue samudra kisakI sRSTi haiM? prakRti ke kaNa-kaNa kA bhAgyavidhAtA evaM isa manuSya kA bhAgyavidhAtA kauna hai? ye prazna zAzvata prazna haiN| ye AdikAla se hI manuSya ke mana meM kautUhala / utpanna kie hue haiN| unhIM kA samAdhAna pAne ke lie manuSya ne darzana kI rekhAe~ khIMcI haiN| kyA hamane ina praznoM kA samAdhAna pA liyA? kyA hamAre darzana ina praznoM kA uttara dene meM sakSama haiM? isa prazna kA uttara hA~ meM nahIM mila rahA hai| isa viSaya meM itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki hamane Alocya praznoM kA uttara pAne kA prayala kiyA hai| hamAre darzana isa dizA meM Age bar3he haiM kintu vaha samAdhAna antima hai, vaha samAdhAna sArvajanIna (universal) hai yaha kahanA kaThina hai|

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22 vizva kA vargIkaraNa jaina darzana aura saMskRti jaina darzana meM vizva yA brahmANDa ke lie 'loka' zabda prayukta huA hai 1 loka kA vyutpattijanaka artha hai "yo lokyate sa lokaH / " - jo dekhA jAtA hai, vaha loka hai / loka kI vyAkhyAtmaka paribhASA karate hue kahA gayA hai- " SaDdravyAtmako lokaH / " - jo SaD-dravyAtmaka hai, vaha loka hai / ye chaha dravya (substances) haiM ! 1. dharmAstikAya: gati-sahAyaka dravya 2. adharmAstikAya: sthiti sahAyaka dravya 3. AkAzAstikAya Azraya dene vAlA dravya 1. 4. kAla : samaya - 5. pudgalAstikAya: bhautika dravya ( Physical substance ) - jar3a padArtha (matter) aura UrjA ( energy) 6. jIvAstikAya : AtmA - caitanyazIla dravya (Psychical substance) ina chaha dravyoM meM se kAla ko chor3akara zeSa pAMca dravya astikAya kahe gae haiM / astikAya kA tAtparya hai ki ye dravya sapradezI yAnI sAvayavI haiM / (kisI bhI dravya kA niraMza aMza yA avibhAjya vibhAga 'pradeza' kahalAtA hai / ) kAla dravya apradezI hai, ataH use astikAya nahIM kahA gayA hai / isa kAraNa se loka kI carcA ke prasaMga meM kahIM-kahIM ise 'paMcAstikAyarUpa' bhI batAyA gayA hai| saMkSepa meM kahA jAya to jise hama vizva ( brahmANDa yA universe) kI saMjJA dete haiM, vaha loka hai / astikAya ; astikAya kA zAbdika artha hai - pradeza - samUha yA avayava samudAya / ( astikAya: pradezapracaya: ) / pratyeka dravya kA sabase choTA paramANu jitanA bhAga jo svayaM avibhAjya hotA hai aura jo dravya se saMlagna hai, vaha 'pradeza' kahalAtA hai| 'asti' zabda 'pradeza' kA vAcaka aura 'kAya' zabda 'samUha' kA vAcaka hai 1 dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya aura jIvAstikAya -- ye cAroM dravya akhaNDa aura avibhAgI haiM, inakA vighaTana nahIM ho sktaa| ye avayavI isa dRSTi se kahalAte haiM ki inake paramANu-tulya khaNDoM kI kalpanA kI jAe to ve asaMkhyAta hote haiM arthAt ye asaMkhyAtapradezI dravya haiM isalie astikAya haiM /

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Ao caleM amUrta vizva kI yAtrA para 23 pudgalAstikAya vibhAgI dravya hai| usakA vibhAjana yA khaNDana kiyA jA sakatA hai isalie yaha spaSTa rUpa se sAvayavI hai| pudgala kA avibhAjya khaNDa paramANu hai, jo svayaM yadyapi niraMza (niravayavI) hotA hai, arthAt apradezI hotA hai, phira bhI usameM saMyojana-viyojana svabhAva hotA hai; ata: inake skandha (paramANuoM ke ekIbhUta hone se banane vAle piNDa) banate haiM, jinakA puna: vighaTana hotA hai| koI bhI skandha zAzvata nahIM hotaa| isI dRSTi se pudgala dravya vibhAgI hai| dravya bhUta aura bhaviSya kA saMkalana karane vAlA (jor3ane vAlA) vartamAna hai| vartamAna ke binA bhUta aura bhaviSya kA koI mUlya nahIM rhtaa| isakA artha yaha hai ki hama jisa vastu kA jaba kabhI eka bAra astitva svIkAra karate haiM taba hameM yaha mAnanA par3atA hai ki usase vastu pahale bhI thI aura bAda meM bhI rhegii| vaha eka hI avasthA meM rahatI AyI hai yA rahegI-aisA nahIM hotA, kintu usakA astitva kabhI nahIM miTatA, yaha nizcita hai| bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM meM parivartita hote hue bhI usake maulika rUpa aura zakti kA nAza nahIM hotaa| dArzanika paribhASA meM dravya vahI hai jisameM gaNa aura paryAya hote haiN| pratyeka dravya meM do prakAra ke dharma rahate haiM-eka to sahabhAvI dharma (guNa), jo dravya meM nitya rUpa se rahatA hai, dUsarA kramabhAvI dharma (paryAya), jo parivartanazIla hotA hai| guNa bhI do prakAra ke haiM--sAmAnya guNa aura vizeSa gunn| sAmAnya guNa ve haiM, jo kisI bhI dravya meM nizcita rUpa se hote haiN| jaise astitva, vastutva, dravyatva, prameyatva, pradezabattva aura agurulghutv| ye chaha guNa sAmAnya guNa haiM, ata: pratyeka dravya meM ye guNa hote hI haiN| astitva guNa use kahate haiM, jisa guNa ke kAraNa dravya kA kabhI vinAza na ho arthAt dravya sadA vidyamAna rahe--kabhI naSTa na ho| vastutva kA artha hotA hai-dravya kA sadA kisI-na-kisI prakAra kI arthakriyA karate rhtnaa| pratyeka dravya anya padArtha ke sAtha aneka prakAra ke saMbaMdhoM se jur3atA hai aura anya padArthoM ke dvArA prabhAvita bhI hotA rahatA hai kintu ina kriyA-pratikriyAoM meM bhI dravya 'vastutva' guNa ke kAraNa apanepana ko nahIM chodd'taa| 'dravyatva' guNa vaha hai, jisake kAraNa dravya guNa aura paryAyoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai| pratikSaNa pratyeka dravya kI avasthA badalatI rahatI hai| ina avasthAoM ke parivartana se dravya meM 'utpatti aura vinAza' kA krama calatA rahatA hai| 'prameyatva' guNa ke kAraNa dravya jJAna dvArA jAnA jA sakatA hai| jo pramANa (yathArtha jJAna) kA viSaya bana sakatA hai, vaha 'prameya' hai| pradezavaMttva guNa ke kAraNa dravya ke pradezoM kA mApa hotA hai| pratyeka dravya-kA vistAra usake pradezavAna hone ke kAraNa hotA

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24 jaina darzana aura saMskRti hai| agurulaghutva guNa ke kAraNa dravya meM ananta dharma ekIbhUta hokara rahate haiM--bikharaM kara alaga-alaga nahIM ho jaate| isI guNa ke kAraNa pratyeka dravya ke 'svarUpa' kI avicalatA hotI hai| __ isa prakAra se chaha "sAmAnya gaNa' pratyeka dravya meM hote haiN| vizeSa gaNa pratyeka dravya meM apane-apane hote haiM, jinakI carcA svataMtra rUpa se na karate hue dravyoM ke varNanAntargata karanA upayukta hogaa| dravya zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue kahA hai- 'adruvat, dravati, droSyati, tAMstAn paryAyAn iti dravyam' jo bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM ko prApta huA, ho rahA hai aura hogA, vaha dravya hai| isakA phalita artha yaha hai-avasthAoM kA utpAda (utpatti) aura vyaya (vinAza) hote rahane para bhI jo dhruva (sthAyI) rahatA hai, vahI dravya hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki avasthAe~ usI meM utpanna evaM naSTa hotI haiM jo dhruva rahatA hai, kyoMki dhauvya (sthAvitva) ke binA pUrvavartI aura uttaravartI avasthAoM kA sambandha nahIM raha sktaa| dravya kI ye do paribhASAe~ kI jA sakatI haiM 1. pUrvavartI aura uttaravartI avasthAoM meM jo vyApta rahatA hai, vaha dravya hai| 2. jo sat (real) hai, vaha dravya hai| utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya--isa trayAtmaka sthiti kA nAma sat hai| dravya meM pariNamana hotA hai-utpAda aura vyaya hotA hai, phira bhI usakI svarUpa-hAni nahIM hotii| dravya ke pratyeka aMza meM prati samaya jo parivartana hotA hai, vaha sarvathA vilakSaNa nahIM hotaa| parivartana meM kucha samAnatA milatI hai aura kucha asmaantaa| pUrva-pariNAma aura uttara-pariNAma meM samAnatA hai, vahI dravya hai| usa rUpa meM dravya na utpanna hotA hai aura na naSTa / jaise mAlA ke pratyeka motI meM dhAgA anusyUta rahatA hai, vaise hI dravya vastu kI pratyeka avasthA meM prabhAvita rahatA hai| pUrvavatI aura uttaravartI pariNamana meM jo. asamAnatA hotI hai, vaha paryAya hai| usa rUpa meM dravya utpanna hotA hai aura naSTa hotA hai| isa prakAra dravya prati samaya utpanna hotA hai, naSTa hotA hai aura sthira bhI rahatA hai| dravya rUpa se vastu sthira rahatI hai aura paryAya rUpa se utpanna aura naSTa hotI hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki koI bhI vastu na sarvathA nitya hai aura na sarvathA anitya kintu pariNAmI nitya hai| bauddha darzana sat (dravya) ko ekAnta anitya (naranvaya kSaNika-kevala utpAda-vinAza-svabhAva) mAnatA hai, jabaki vedAnta darzana satpadArtha-brahma ko ekAMta nitya / pahalA parivartanavAda hai to dUsarA nitysttaavaad| jaina-darzana ina donoM kA samanvaya kara parimANI nityavAda sthApita karatA hai, jisakA Azaya yaha hai ki

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Ao caleM amUrna vizva kI yAtrA para sanA bhI hai aura parivartana bhI-dravya utpanna bhI hotA hai aura naSTa bhii| isa parivartana meM bhI usakA astitva nahIM mitttaa| utpAda aura vinAza ke bIca yadi koI sthira AdhAra na ho to hameM sajAtI yatA--'yaha vahI haiM' kA anubhava nahIM ho. sktaa| yadi dravya nirvikAra hI ho, to vizva kI vividhatA saMgata nahIM ho sakatI isalie pariNAmI nityatvavAda' jaina darzana kA eka mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta hai| isI tulanA rAsAyanika vijJAna ke 'dravyAkSaratvavAda' se kI jA sakatI hai| dravyAkSaratvavAda kI sthApanA san 1789 meM levAyajara nAmaka prasiddha vaijJAnika ne kI thii| saMkSepa meM isa siddhAnta kA Azaya yaha hai, ki isa anaMta vizva meM dravya kA parimANa sadA samAna rahatA hai, usameM koI nyUnAdhikatA nahIM hotii| na kisI vartamAna dravya kA sarvathA nAza hotA hai aura na kisI sarvathA naye dravya kI utpatti hotI hai| sAdhAraNa dRSTi se jise dravya kA nAza ho nA samajhA jAtA hai, vaha usakA rUpAntaraNa mAtra hai| udAharaNa ke lie koyalA jalakara rAkha ho jAtA hai, use sAdhAraNata: naSTa ho gayA kahA jAtA hai parantu vastuta: vaha naSTa nahIM hotA, vAyumaNDala ke oNksIjana / aMza ke sAtha milakara kArbonika esiDa gaisa ke rUpa meM meM parivartita hotA hai| yUM hI zakkara yA namaka pAnI meM ghulakara naSTa nahIM hote, kintu Thosa se ve sirpha drava rUpa meM pariNata hote haiN| isI prakAra jahA~ kahIM koI navIna vastu utpanna hotI pratIta hotI hai, vaha bhI vastuta: kisI pUrvavartI vastu kA rUpAntaraNa-mAtra hai| ghara meM avyavasthita rUpa se par3I rahane vAlI kar3AhI meM jaMga laga jAtA hai, yaha kyA hai? yahA~ bhI jaMga nAmaka koI nayA dravya utpanna nahIM huA, apitu dhAtu kI UparI sataha jala aura vAyumaNDala ke oNksIjana ke saMyoga se lohe ke oNksI-hAiDreTa ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gyii| bhautika vijJAna meM jaba taka jar3a padArtha aura UrjA ko nitAnta bhinna samajhA jAtA thA, taba taka do alaga-alaga 'saMrakSaNa-niyama' (conservation lavs) the--'padArtha yA saMhati (mass) ke saMrakSaNa kA niyama' aura 'UrjA ke saMrakSaNa kA niyama (ye kramaza. principle of Conservation of Alass aura principle of Conservation of Energy kahalAte hai)| AinsTIna ke dvArA pratipAdita saMhani-UrjA-samAnatA ke siddhAnta ke pazcAt aba donoM kA ekIkaraNa hokara saMyukta niyama bana gayA jise 'saMhati aura UrjA ke saMrakSaNa-niyama' kI saMjJA dI gaI haiN| isake anusAra vizva meM sthita saMhati-UrjA kI kula rAzi sadA acala rahatI hai| prakAza, USmA, cumbakIya UrjA, vidyuta UrjA, yAMtrika UrjA, dhvani-UrjA Adi UrjA ke vibhinna rUpa mAne jAte haiN| ye eka-dUsare meM parivartita hote haiN| itanA hI nahIM. UrjA kA parivartana padArtha meM aura padArtha kA parivartana UrjA meM ho sakatA hai. jise AinsTIna ke prasiddha ekIkaraNa E=mc

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti (yahA~ E = UrjA m = saMhati aura c= prakAza kA vega hai) dvArA abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai| jaina-darzana meM mAtRpadikA' kA siddhAnta bhI yahI hai utpAdadhvavinAzaiH pariNAma: kSaNa kssnne| dravyayANAmavirodhazca, pratyakSAdiha dRzyate / / --"utpAda, dhva aura vinAza-dravyAM kA yaha trividha-lakSaNa pariNamana pratikSaNa binA virodha pratyakSa hotA rahatA hai|" isa zloka meM prayukta-"utpAda dhruva aura vyaya-dravyoM kA yaha trividha lakSaNa pariNamana pratikSaNa hotA rahatA hai"-ina zabdoM meM aura "jise dravya kA nAza ho jAnA samajhA jAtA hai, vaha usakA rUpAntaraNa-mAtra hai"-ina donoM meM koI antara nahIM hai| vastudRSTyA saMsAra meM jitane dravya haiM, utane hI the aura utane hI rheNge| unameM se na koI ghaTatA hai aura na koI bar3hatA hai| apanI-apanI sattA kI paridhi meM saba dravya janma aura mRtyu, utpAda aura nAza pAte rahate haiN| AtmA kI bhI sApekSa mRtyu hotI hai| tantuoM se paTa yA dUdha se dahI-ye sApekSa utpanna hote haiN| janma aura mRtyu donoM sApekSa haiM-dhruva dravya kI pUrvavartI aura uttaravartI avasthAoM ke sUcaka haiN| sUkSmadRSTyA - pahalA kSaNa sApekSa-utpAda aura dUsarA kSaNa sApekSa-nAza kA hetu hai / sthUladRSTyA pahalA kSaNa sApekSa-utpAda aura dUsarA kSaNa sApekSa-nAza kA hetu hai| sthUladRSTyA sthUla paryAya kA pahalA kSaNa janma aura antima kSaNa mRtyu ke vyapadeza (saMjJA yA nAmakaraNa) kA hetu hai| __"puruSa (AtmA) nitya hai aura prakRti (jar3a) pariNAmI nitya hai"- isa prakAra sAMkhya bhI nityAnityatvavAda svIkAra karatA hai| naiyAyika aura vaizepika paramANu, AtmA Adi ko nitya mAnate haiM tathA ghaTa, paTa Adi ko anitya / samUhApekSA se ye bhI pariNAmI nityatvavAda ko svIkAra karate haiM, kintu jaina darzana kI taraha dravya-mAtra ko pariNAmI nitya nahIM maante| maharSi pataMjali. kumArila bhaTTa. pArthasAra mizra Adi na 'pariNAmI nityatvavAda' ko eka spaSTa siddhAMta ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA. phira bhI unhoMne isakA prakArAntara se pUrNa samarthana kiyaa| AkAza aura dik Upara batAe gae chaha dravyoM meM tIsarA dravya AkAzAstikAya hai| samajhane meM suvidhA ho. isa dRSTi se hama pahale AkAza kI carcA karate haiM, bAda meM dharma-dravya adharma-dravya kI carcA kreNge| 1. utpAda yaya aura dhauvya ko mAta padikA kahate hai !

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Ao caleM amUrta vizva kI yAtrA para AkAzAstikAya 'AkAza' (space) kA sUcaka hai| saMkSepa meM ise 'AkAza' kaha sakate haiN| isakI paribhASA hai-vaha dravya jo anya sabhI dravyoM ko avagAha/Azraya detA hai. usako 'AkAza' kahate haiN| . __ AkAza kA guNa avagAhana hai| vaha svayaM anAlamba hai, zeSa saba dravyoM kA Alambana hai| svarUpa kI dRSTi se sabhI dravya sva-pratiSTha haiM, kintu kSetra yA Ayatana kI dRSTi se ve AkAza-pratiSTha hote haiM isIlie AkAza ko saba dravyoM kA bhAjana kahate haiN| * gautama ne pUchA-bhagavAn ! AkAza tatva se jIvoM aura ajIvoM ko kyA lAbha hotA hai? bhagavAna ne kahA-gautama ! AkAza nahIM hotA to ye jIva kahA~ hote? ye dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya kahA~ vyApta hote? kAla kahA~ baratatA? pudgala kA raMgamaMca kahA~ banatA? yaha vizva nirAdhAra hI hotaa| jaina darzana meM AkAza ke 'samagra svarUpa ko bahuta vistAra ke sAtha nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva (svarUpa) aura guNa-ina pA~ca sandarbha-binduoM ke pariprekSya meM jaina darzana pratyeka dravya ke svarUpa para vicAra karatA hai| AkAza para bhI ina pA~ca sandarbha-binduoM kI dRSTi se prakAza DAlA gayA 1. dravya kI dRSTi se-AkAzAstikAya eka, akhaNDa, svataMtra, vastuniSTha (objective) vAstavikatA (sat) (reality) hai| 2. kSetra kI dRSTi se-AkAza ananta aura asIma hai| usakI racanA samarUpa sAtatyaka (homogeneous continuum) ke rUpa meM hai| usake pradezoM kI saMkhyA ananta hai| AkAza sarvavyApI hai; isalie loka se pare (aloka meM) bhI usakA astitva hai| loka AkAza ke pradeza asaMkhyAta aura alAka-AkAza ke pradeza ananta haiN| 3. kAla kI dRSTi se- isakA astitva Adi (beginningless) aura ananta (endless) hai arthAt zAzvata hai| / . 4. bhAva (svarUpa) kI dRSTi se-AkAza amUrta hai arthAt varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza Adi guNa-rahita haiM; abhautika haiM-~-bhautika dravya yA jar3a dravya (pudgala) se bhinna hai; caitanya-rahita hone se ajIva hai; gati-rahita hone se agatizIla hai| 5. guNa kI dRSTi se- bhAjana-gaNa arthAt anya dravyoM ko avagAhana ke lie sthAna pradAna karatA hai|

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28 jaina darzana aura saMsvRti samasta AkAza-dravya anya dravyoM ke dvArA avagAhita nahIM haiM, ata: eka hone para bhI, anya dravyoM ke astitva ke kAraNa vaha do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita ho jAtA hai 1. lokaakaash| - 2. alovrkaash| AkAza kA bhAga, jo dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, kAla, pudgalAstikAya aura jIvAstikAya-ina pA~ca dravyoM dvArA avagAhita hai, vaha lokAkAza hai| zepa bhAga, jahA~ AkAza ke atirikta aura koI dravya nahIM hotA, vaha alokAkAza hai| lokAkAza ke pradezoM kI saMkhyA asaMkhyAta hai, alokAkAza ke pradezoM kI saMkhyA ananta haiN| loMkAkAza eka, akhaNDa, zAnta aura asIma hai| usakI sImA se pare alaukAkAza eka aura akhaNDa hai tathA asIma-ananta taka phailA huA hai| sasIma loka cAroM ora se ananta aloka se ghirA huA hai| jaba mahAvIra se unake pramukha ziSya gautama dvArA pUchA gayA ki "bhagavAn ! aloka kA saMsthAna (AkAra) kaisA hai.?", bhagavAn mahAvIra ne uttara diyA, "he gautama ! zuSira (khAlI) gole meM rahI huI polAI (riktatA) jaisA usakA AkAra hai|" arthAt aloka eka vizAla gole ke samAna hai, jisakI trijyA ananta hai| isa kathana se yahI artha nikalatA hai ki dharma, adharma Adi pA~ca dravyoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlA yaha vizva (lokAkAza) ananta AkAza-samudra meM eka dvIpa ke samAna hai| yahA~ para yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI Avazyaka hai ki AkAza--loka aura aloka-eka aura akhaNDa dravya hai| anya dravyoM ke astitva ke kAraNa hI hama AkAza ke do vibhAga karate haiN| alokAkAza kA astitva tarka ke AdhAra para nimna prakAra se siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai-lokAkAza athavA sakriya vizva ke astitva ke viSaya meM koI sandeha nahIM karatA, kyoMki vaha indriyoM ke dvArA pratyakSatayA jAnA jAtA hai aura sabake dvArA grAhya hai kintu yadi lokAkAza kA astitva svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, to alokAkAza kA astitva svata: pramANita ho jAtA hai, kyoMki tarkazAstra ke anusAra jisakA vAcaka pada vyutpattimAna aura zuddha hotA hai, vaha padArtha sat pratipakSa hotA hai| udAharaNArtha-jaise aghaTa ghaTa kA pratipakSa hai| 'ghaTa' zabda vidhi-vAcaka hai. aghaTa niSedhavAcaka hai| isI taraha alokAkAza lokAkAza kA niSedha-vAcaka hai. ata: alovAkAza kA astitva lokAkAza ke sAtha svIkRta ho hI jAtA hai| dik jaina darzana ke anusAra dik koI svataMtra dravya nahIM hai, apitu AkAza kA hI eka bhAga hai| AkAza ke jisa bhAga se vastu kA vyapadeza yA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha dik kahalAtA hai|

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2 Ao caleM amUrta vizva kI yAtrA para dizA aura anudizA kI utpatti tiryag loka (loka ke madhya bhAga) se hotI hai| dizA kA prArambha AkAza ke do pradezoM se zurU hotA hai aura unameM do-do pradezoM kI vRddhi hote-hote ve asaMkhyAta pradezAtmaka bana jAtI haiN| anudizA kevala eka pradezAtmaka hotI hai| Urdhva aura adhodizA kA prArambha cAra pradezoM se hotA hai, phira unameM vRddhi nahIM hotii| yaha dizA kA Agamika svarUpa hai| jisa vyakti ke jisa ora sUryodaya hotA hai, vaha usake lie pUrva aura jisa ora sUryAsta hotA hai, vaha pazcima tathA dAhine hAtha kI ora dakSiNa aura bAe~ hAtha kI ora uttara dizA hotI hai| unheM tApa-dizA kahA jAtA hai| nimitta-kathana Adi prayojana ke lie dizA kA eka prakAra aura hotA hai| prajJApaka jisa ora muMha kie hotA hai vaha pUrva, usakA pRSTha bhAga pazcima, donoM pAzva dakSiNa aura uttara hote haiN| inheM prajJApaka dizA kahA jAtA hai| AkAza aura dina ke bAre meM anya darzanoM meM aneka vicAra pracalita haiN| kucha dArzanika AkAza aura dik ko pRthak dravya mAnate haiN| kucha dik ko AkAza se pRthak nahIM maante| kucha dArzanika zabda ko AkAza kA guNa mAnate haiN| jaina darzana ke anusAra zabda AkAza kA guNa nahIM hai| zabda paudgalika haiN| vaha pudgaloM ke saMghAta aura bheda kI niSpatti hai, kArya hai| vijJAna ne bhI zabda ko bhautika UrjA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya jaina darzana meM jahA~ dharma, adharma zabda kA prayoga AdhyAtmika dRSTi se kramaza: AtmA ko vizuddha aura malina banAne vAle tattvoM ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai, vahA~ tatva-mImAMsA (Metaphysics) meM inakA artha bilakula bhinna hai| dharmAstikAya yA dharma-dravya kI paribhASA hai--jo dravya loka meM gatizIla sabhI dravyoM (jIva aura pudgaloM) kI gati meM ananya sahAyaka hotA hai, vaha dharma-dravya hai| dUsare zabdoM meM vaha gati kA anivArya mAdhyama (medium) hai, jisake binA kisI bhI prakAra kI gati (motion) sambhava nahIM hai| vaijJAnika zabdAvalI meM ise 'gati-mAdhyama' (medium of motion) kahA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra adharmAstikAya kI paribhASA hai--jo dravya loka meM sthitiazIla sabhI dravyoM (jIva aura pudgaloM) kI sthiti (sthira rahanA yA a-gati) meM ananya sahAyaka hotA hai, vaha adharma-dravya hai| isake binA kisI bhI prakAra kI sthiti (sthira rahanA) sambhava nahIM hai| vaijJAnika zabdAvalI meM ise 'sthiti-mAdhyama' (medium of rest) kahA jA sakatA hai|

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti yahA~ yaha dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki dharma-dravya aura adharma-dravya donoM kevala udAsIna sahAyaka haiM / na dharma-dravya kisI dravya ko gati meM pravRtta karatA hai aura na adharma-dravya kisI ko sthiti meM pravRtta karatA hai / yadi koI jIva yA pudgala gati yA sthiti karatA hai, to ye kramazaH usameM sahAyaka banate haiM / jaise machaliyoM kI gati meM jala sahAyaka hotA hai yA pathikoM ko vizrAma karane ke lie vRkSa kI chAyA sahAyaka hotI hai, vaise dharma-adharma dravya samasta gati-sthiti meM ananya sahAyaka hote haiN| gati aura sthiti donoM sApekSa haiN| eka ke binA dUsare kA astitva saMbhava nahIM hai / 30 dharma-adharma kI tArkika mImAMsA karane se pUrva inakA svarUpa samajha lenA anupayukta nahIM hogA / vaha isa prakAra hai dravya kI dRSTi se ye donoM dravya eka akhaNDa, svatantra, vastuniSTha sat (objective reality) haiM / 3 kSetra kI dRSTi se ye donoM samasta loka meM vyApta samarUpa sAtatyaka (homogeneous continuum) ke rUpa meM haiM / inakA astitva kevala loka, AkAza taka sImita hai; aloka-AkAza meM inakA abhAva hai| loka-AkAza ke jitane pradeza haiM, utane hI pradeza inake haiM / saMkhyA kI dRSTi se ye pradeza asaMkhyAta haiM / kAla kI dRSTi se - inakA astitva anAdi (beginningless) aura ananta (endless) hai arthAt zAzvata ( eternal) haiN| 1 bhAva arthAt svarUpa kI dRSTi se ye amUrta (varNa Adi guNoM se rahita), abhautika aura caitanya - rahita (ajIva) tathA svayaM agatizIla haiM / guNa (yA lakSaNa) kI dRSTi se - dharma - dravya gati - sahAyaka tathA adharma-dravya sthiti - sahAyaka hai / ina dravyoM ke viSaya meM gautama kI jijJAsA kA samAdhAna bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa prakAra kiyA thA-- gautama ne pUchA - bhagavAn ! gati - sahAyaka tattva (dharmAstikAya) jIvoM ko kyA lAbha hotA hai ? bhagavAn ne kahA--- gautama ! gati kA sahArA nahIM hotA to kauna AtA aura kauna jAtA ? zabda kI taraMgeM kaise phailatI ? AMkheM kaise khulatIM ? kauna manana karatA ? kauna bolatA? kauna hilatA DulatA ? yaha vizva acala hI hotA / jo cala haiM, una sabakA Alambana gati - sahAyaka tattva hI hai 1 gautama --- bhagavAn ! sthiti - sahAyaka tatva (adharmAstikAya) se jIvoM ko kyA lAbha hotA hai ?

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Ao caleM amUrta vizva kI yAtrA para 31.. bhagavAn -- gautama ! sthiti kA sahArA nahIM hotA to khar3A kauna rahatA ? kauna baiThatA ? sonA kaise hotA ? kauna mana ko ekAgra karatA mauna kauna karatA ? kauna nispanda banatA ? nimeSa kaise hotA ? yaha vizva cala hI hotA / jo sthira haiM, una sabakA Alambana sthiti - sahAyaka tattva hI hai / siddhasena divAkara dharma-adharma ke svatantraM dravyatva ko Avazyaka nahIM mAnate / ve inheM dravya ke paryAya - mAtra mAnate haiM / dArzanika jagat meM jaina darzana ke sivAya kisI bhI darzanaM ne ina do dravyoM ke astitva kI koI carcA nahIM kI hai| vaijJAnika jagat meM nyUTana ne Ithara nAmaka gati-mAdhyama (medium of motion) ko svIkAra kiyA thA, para usakA svarUpa abhautika nahIM thaa| nyUTana - kAlIna bhautika vijJAna, jise prAcIna (classical) kahA jAtA hai, meM prakAza taraMgoM ke prasAra ke mAdhyama ke rUpa meM Ithara kA astitva mAnA gayA thaa| Ithara eka aisA bhautika tattva mAnA gayA jo samagra AkAza meM vyApta hai aura jo prakAza taraMgoM ke prasAra meM usI taraha sahAyaka hotA hai, jisa taraha samudra kI taraMgoM ke prasAra meM pAnI athavA dhvani taraMgoM ke prasAra meM havA hotI hai / bAda meM jaba bhramaNazIla pRthvI ke sAtha gatizIla Ithara kA prakAza ke veg2a para kyA prabhAva par3atA hai, ise mApane ke lie mAikalazana aura morle ne atisUkSmagrAhI yaMtroM dvArA prayoga kiyA, to patA calA ki Ithara kA koI prabhAva prakAza kI gati para nahIM par3atA hai / isa prayoga ke pariNAmoM ke AdhAra para bAda meM ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta meM AinsTIna ne Ithara nAmaka bhautika gati-mAdhyama ke astitva ko asvIkAra kara diyA / Adhunika bhautika vijJAna meM aba isa 'Ithara' kA astitva samApta ho gayA hai para isase abhautika Ithara (gati - mAdhyama) ke astitva ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vaijJAnika sara Arthara eDiMgTana ne Ithara - sambandhI eka nayA siddhAnta upasthita kiyA hai / unake abhimata meM ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta ne bhautika Ithara kA astitva miTA diyA hai, kintu taba bhI abhautika Ithara kA astitva to sambhava ho sakatA hai / eDiMgTana ne AkAza aura Ithara meM avicchinna sambandha kI kalpanA kI hai aura mAnA hai ki AkAza, Ithara aura kSetra (field) tInoM hI eka hai|" dharma-dravya, adharma - dravya kA yauktika AdhAra dharma-dravya aura adharma-dravya ko mAnane ke lie hamAre sAmane mukhyatayA do yauktika dRSTiyA~ haiM-- 1. gati -sthiti-nimittaka dravya, 2. loka- aloka kI vibhAjaka zakti /

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32 jaina darzana aura saMskRti kArya-kAraNavAda ke anusAra pratyeka kArya ke lie do prakAra ke kAraNa Avazyaka haiM--upAdAna aura nimitta / upAdAna kAraNa vaha hai, jo svayaM kArya rUpa meM pariNata ho jaae| nimitta kAraNa vaha hai, jo kArya ke niSpanna hone meM sahAyaka ho / yadi kisI padArtha kI gati hotI hai, to usameM upAdAna kAraNa to vaha padArtha svayaM hai kintu nimitta kAraNa kyA hai? isa prazna kA samAdhAna karane ke lie hameM koI aise padArtha kI AvazkayatA ho jAtI hai, jisakI sahAyatA padArtha kI gati meM anivArya ho| yadi havA Adi ko nimitta kAraNa mAnA jAye, to yaha eka nayA prazna utpanna ho jAtA hai ki unakI (havA Adi kI) gati meM kauna-sA nimitta kAraNa hai? yadi isI prakAra kisI anya dravya ko nimitta mAnA jAe, to aise kAraNoM kI paramparA calatI hI jAtI hai aura "anavasthA doSa" (regresus ad infinitum) kI utpatti ho jAtI hai isalie aise padArtha kI AvazyakatA ho jAtI hai, jo svayaM gatimAna na ho| yadi pRthvI, jala Adi sthira dravyoM ko nimitta kAraNa ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai, to bhI yaha yukta nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki ye padArtha samasta lokavyApI nahIM haiN| yaha Avazyaka hai ki gati-mAdhyama ke rUpa meM jisa padArtha ko mAnA jAtA hai, vaha sarvavyApI ho| isa prakAra kisI aise dravya kI kalpanA karanI par3atI hai, jo 1. svayaM gatizUnya ho, 2. samasta loka meM vyApta ho, 3. dUsare padArthoM kI gati meM sahAyaka ho ske| aisA dravya dharmAstikAya hI hai| yahA~ yadi dharmAstikAya kA svatantra astitva svIkAra na karake AkAza-dravya ko hI ina lakSaNoM se yuktta mAnA jAe, to bhI eka bar3I kaThinAI upasthita hotI hai| kyoMki yadi AkAza-dravya hI padArthoM kI gati meM sahAyaka, ho, to AkAza asIma aura ananta hone ke kAraNa gatimAna padArthoM kI gati bhI ananta AkAza meM zakya ho jAtI hai unakI gati abAdhita ho jAtI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa ananta AtmAe~ aura ananta jar3a padArtha ananta AkAza meM niraMkuzatayA gati karane laga jAte haiM aura unakA paraspara saMyoga honA aura vyavasthita, sAnta aura nivAsita vizva ke rUpa meM lokAkAza kA honA, asambhava ho jAtA hai kintu isa vizva kA rUpa vyavasthita hai, vizva eka kramabaddha saMsAra (Cosmos) ke rUpa meM dikhAI detA hai, na ki avyavasthita Dhera (Chaos) kI trh| ye tathya hameM isa nirNaya para le jAte haiM ki vizva kI vyavasthA kA AdhAra kisI svatantra niyama para hai, pariNAmasvarUpa hameM yaha nirNaya karanA par3atA hai ki padArthoM kI gati-agati meM sahAyaka AkAza nahIM, apitu dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya nAmaka svatantra dravya haiN|

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Ao caleM amUrta vizva kI yAtrA para jisa prakAra gati-sthiti ke nimitta ke rUpa meM dharma aura adharma-dravyoM kI upadhAraNA (poscyUlezana) Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra loka-aloka ke vibhAjana meM bhI inako mAne binA tarvasammata samAdhAna nahIM miltaa| jaise kundakundAcArya ne likhA hai : "loka sImita hai aura usase Age aloka-AkAza asIma hai isalie padArthoM kI aura prANiyoM kI vyavasthita rUparekhA ko banAe rakhane ke lie AkAza ke atirikta anya koI tattva honA cAhie--yadi gati aura agati kA mAdhyama AkAza hI hai, to phira aloka AkAza kA astitva hI nahIM rahegA aura loka vyavasthA kA bhI lopa ho jaaegaa|" loka aura aloka kA vibhAjana eka zAzvata tathya hai, ata: isake vibhAjaka tattva bhI zAzvata hone caahie| kRtrima vastu se zAzvata AkAza kA vibhAjana nahIM ho sakatA, ata: Upara batAye gae chaha dravyoM meM se hI vibhAjaka tattva ho sakate haiN| yadi hama AkAza ko hI vibhAjaka mAneM, to yaha upayukta nahIM hogA, kyoMki AkAza svayaM vibhajyamAna hai, ata: vaha vibhAjana kA hetu nahIM bana sktaa| yadi kAla ko vibhAjaka tattva mAnA jAe to tarva-saMgata nahIM hotA, kyoMki kAla vastuta: (nizcaya dRSTi se) to jIva aura ajIva kA paryAya-mAtra hai| yaha kevala aupacArika dravya hai| vyAvahArika kAla loka ke sImita kSetra meM hI vidyamAna hai, jabaki naizcayika kAla loka aura aloka donoM meM hai| jIva aura pudgala gatizIla dravya haiM, ata: ye vibhAjaka tattva ke yogya nahIM haiN| isa prakAra chaha dravyoM meM se kevala do dravya zeSa raha jAte haiM, jo loka-aloka kA vibhAjana kara skeN| ata: dharmAstikAya aura adharmAtiskAya-ye do dravya hI AkAza kA vibhAjana karate haiN| jahA~-jahA~ ye do vidyamAna haiM, vahA~-vahA~ jIva aura pudgala gati karate haiM aura sthira rahate haiN| jahA~ inakA astitva nahIM hai, vahA~ kisI bhI dravya kI gati aura sthiti sambhava nahIM hai| isa prakAra lokAkAza aura alokAkAza kA vibhAjana ho jAtA hai| isalie kahA gayA hai-"dharma aura dharma ko loka tathA aloka kA paricchedaka mAnanA yuktiyukta hai| yadi aisA na ho, to unake vibhAga kA AdhAra hI kyA bane ?" isa prakAra dharmAstikAya va adharmAstikAya gati-sthiti nimittika aura loka-aloka vibhAjaka dravyoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra kie gae haiN| ukta samagra vivecana ko saMkSipta meM isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai : dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAza, kAla, pudgalAstikAya aura jIvAstikAya-ina chaha dravyoM se banA huA loka parimita hai| isa loka se pare AkAza-dravya kA ananta samudra hai, jisameM gati-sthiti-mAdhyamoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa koI bhI jar3a padArtha yA jIva gati karane meM yA Thaharane meM samartha nahIM hai /

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-34 jaina darzana aura saMskRti kAla zvetAmbara-paramparA ke anusAra kAla aupacArika dravya hai| vastuvRttyA vaha jIva aura jIva kA paryAya hai| jahA~ isake jIva-ajIva ke paryAya hone kA ullekha hai, bahA~ ise dravya bhI kahA gayA hai| ye donoM kathana virodhI nahIM kintu sApekSa haiN| nizcaya-dRSTi se kAla jIva-ajIva kA paryAya hai aura vyavahAra dRSTi se yaha dravya hai| use dravya mAnane kA kAraNa usakI upayogitA hai--'upakArakaM drvym'| vartanA, pariNamana, kriyA, paratva, aparatva Adi kAla ke upakAra haiN| inhIM ke kAraNa yaha dravya mAnA jAtA hai| padArthoM kI sthiti Adi ke lie jisakA vyavahAra hotA hai, vaha AvalikA AdirUpa kAla jIva-ajIva se bhinna nahIM hai, unhIM kA paryAya hai| digambara AcArya kAla ko aNurUpa mAnate haiN| vaidika darzanoM meM sabhI kAla ke sambandha meM naizcayika aura vyAvahArika donoM pakSa milate haiN| naiyAyika aura vaizeSika kAla ko sarvavyApI aura svatantra dravya mAnate haiN| yoga, sAMkhya Adi darzana kAla ko svatantra dravya nahIM maante|| vijJAna kI dRSTi se AkAza aura kAla AinsTIna ke anusAra AkAza aura kAla koI svatantra tathya nahIM hai| ve dravya yA padArtha ke dharma-mAtra haiN| kisI bhI vastu kA astitva pahale tIna AyAmoM (dimensions) lambAI, caur3AI aura gaharAI yA U~cAI meM mAnA jAtA thaa| AinsTIna ne vastu kA astitva cAra AyAmoM meM mAnA-tIna AyAma AkAza ke aura eka kAla kaa| vastu kA rekhAgaNita (U~cAI, lambAI, caur3AI) meM prasAra AkAza hai aura usakA kramAnugata prasAra kAla hai| kAla aura AkAza donoM paraspara jur3e hue haiN| AinsTIna ke "ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta" ke anusAra nirapekSa AkAza aura nirapekSa kAla kA koI astitva nahIM hai| unake abhimatAnusAra jisa prakAraM raMga, AkAra tathA parimANa (size) hamArI cetanA se utpanna vicAra haiM, usI prakAra AkAza aura kAla bhI hamArI AMtarika kalpanA ke hI rUpa haiN| jina vastuoM ko hama AkAza meM dekhate haiM, unake 'krama' (order) ke atirikta AkAza kI koI vastuniSTha vAstavikatA (objective reality) nahIM hai| usI prakAra jina ghaTanAoM ke dvArA hama kAla ko mApate haiM, una ghaTanAoM ke krama' (sequence) ke atirikta kAla kA koI svatantra astitva nahIM hai|

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Ao caleM amUrtta vizva kI yAtrA para astikAya aura kAla dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala aura jIva--ye pAMca astikAya haiM / ye tiryaka : 5- pracaya- skandha ke rUpa meM haiM, isalie unheM astikAya kahA jAtA hai / dharma, adharma, AkAza aura eka jIva eka skaMdha haiM / inake deza yA pradeza ye vibhAga kAlpanika haiN| mUlataH ve avibhAgI haiM / pudgala vibhAgI hai| usake skaMdha aura paramANu - ye do mukhya vibhAga haiM / paramANu usakA avibhAjya bhAga hai / do paramANu milate haiM-- dvipradezI skandha banatA hai / jitane paramANu milate haiM, utane pradezoM kA skandha bana jAtA hai| pradeza kA artha hai-- padArtha ke paramANu jitanA avayava yA bhaag| dharma, adharma, AkAza aura jIva ke skaMdhoM ke paramANu jitane vibhAga kie jAe~ to AkAza ke ananta aura zeSa tInoM ke asaMkhyAta hoteM haiM, isalie AkAza ko ananta - pradezI aura zeSa tInoM ko asaMkhya-pradezI kahA gayA hai| 'deza' buddhi-kalpita hotA hai, usakA koI nizcita parimANa nahIM batAyA jA sakatA / astikAya ke skandha, deza aura pradeza isa prakAra hai : deza aniyata aniyata aniyata astikAya dharma adharma AkAza pudgala (skandha) skandha eka eka eka ananta (dvipradezI yAvat ananta- pradezI) eka aniyata 35 pradeza asaMkhyAta asaMkhyAta ananta do yAvat ananta paramANu asaMkhyAta eka jIva aniyata kAla ke atIta samaya naSTa ho jAte haiM / anAgata samaya anutpanna hote haiM / isalie usakA skandha nahIM banatA / vartamAna samaya eka hotA hai, isalie usakA tiryak- pracaya (tirachA phailAva ) nahIM hotA / kAla kA skaMdha yA tiryakpracaya nahIM hotA, isalie vaha astikAya nahIM hai / digambara paramparA ke anusAra kAlANuoM kI saMkhyA lokAkAza ke tulya hai / AkAza ke eka-eka pradeza para eka-eka kAlANu avasthita hai / kAla zakti aura vyakti kI apekSA eka pradeza vAlA hai isalie isake tiryakpracaya nahIM hotA / dharma Adi pA~coM dravya ke tiryakpracaya kSetra kI apekSA se hotA haiM, isalie ve

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36. . jaina darzana aura saMskRti phailate haiM aura kAla ke nirmitta se unameM paurvAparya yA kramAnugata prasAra hotA hai| samayoM kA jo pracaya hai vahI kAla dravya kA Urdhva-pracaya hai| kAla svayaM samaya-rUpa hai| usakI pariNati kisI dUsare nimitta kI apekSA se nahIM hotii| kevala Urdhva-pracaya vAlA dravya astikAya nahIM hotaa| kAla ko chor3akara anya pA~coM dravya sAvayavI hone ke kAraNa vistAra (extention) vAle haiN| yaha vistAra kSetra kI dRSTi se eka, do yA tIna AyAmoM meM sambhava hai para kAla kA pratyeka samaya svatantra hai, isalie usakA vistAra saMbhava nahIM hai| kAla ke vibhAga kAla cAra prakAra kA hotA hai--pramANa-kAla, yathAyunivRtti-kAla, maraNa-kAla aura addhaa-kaal| kAla ke dvArA padArtha mApe jAte haiM, isalie use pramANa-kAla kahA jAtA ___ jIvana aura mRtyu bhI kAla-sApekSa haiM, isalie jIvana ke avasthAna ko yathAyunivRtti-kAla aura usake anta ko maraNa-kAla kahA jAtA hai| sUrya, candra Adi kI gati se sambandha rakhane vAlA addhA-kAla kahalAtA hai| kAla kA pradhAna-rUpa addhA-kAla hI hai zeSa tInoM isI ke viziSTa rUpa haiN| addhA-kAla vyAvahArika hai| vaha manuSya-loka meM hI hotA hai, isalie manuSya-loka ko 'samaya-kSetra' kahA jAtA hai| nizcaya kAla jIva-ajIva kA paryAya hai, vaha loka aloka vyApI hai| usake vibhAga nahIM hote| samaya se lekara pudgala-parAvarta taka ke jitane vibhAga haiM ve saba addhA-kAla ke haiN| isakA sarva-sUkSma bhAga 'samaya' kahalAtA hai| yaha avibhAjya hotA hai| isakI prarUpaNA kamalapatra-bheda aura vastra-vidAraNa ke dvArA kI jAtI hai (ka) eka-dUsare se saTe hue kamala ke sau pattoM ko koI balavAn vyakti sUI se cheda detA hai, taba aisA hI lagatA hai ki saba patte eka sAtha hI chida gae, kintu yaha hotA nhiiN| jisa samaya pahalA pattA chidA, usa samaya dusarA nhiiN| isI prakAra saba kA chedana kramaza: hotA haiN| (kha) eka kalAkuzala yuvA aura balipTha julAhA jIrNa-zIrNa vastra yA sAr3I ko itanI zIghratA se phAr3a DAlatA hai ki darzaka ko aisA lagatA hai mAno sArA vastra eka sAtha phAr3a DAlA, kintu aisA hotA nhiiN| vastra aneka tantuoM se banatA hai| jaba taka Upara ke tantu nahIM phaTate taba taka nIce ke tantu nahIM phaTa skte| ata: yaha nizcita hai ki vastra phaTane meM kAla-bheda hotA hai|

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3773 Ao caleM amUrta vizva kI yAtrA para 37 tAtparya yaha hai ki vastra aneka tantuoM se banatA hai| pratyeka tantu meM aneka rueM hote haiM unameM bhI Upara kA ruAM pahale chidatA hai, taba kahIM usake nIce kA / ruAM chidatA hai| ananta paramANuoM se milana kA nAma saMghAta hai| ananta saMghAtoM . kA eka samudAya aura ananta samudAyoM kI eka samiti hotI hai| aisI ananta samitiyoM ke saMgaThana se tantu ke Upara kA eka ruAM banatA hai| ina sabakA chedana kramaza: hotA hai| tantu ke pahale rue~ ke chedana meM jitanA samaya lagatA hai usakA .. atyanta sUkSma aMza yAnI asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga samaya kahalAtA hai| avibhAjya kAla = eka samaya asaMkhyAta samaya = eka AvalikA 256 AvalikA = eka kSullaka bhava (sabase choTI Aya) 2458 4446 - AvalikA = eka prANa yA eka yA sAdhika 17 kSullaka bhava zvAsocchvAsa 7 prANa = eka stoka 7 stoka = eka lava 38- lava = eka ghar3I (24 minaTa) 77 lava . = do ghar3I athavA 1 muhUrta (48 minaTa) = 65536 kSullaka bhava = 16777216 = 3773 prANa 30 muhUrta = eka dina-rAta (ahorAtra) 15 dina = eka pakSa 2 pakSa eka mAsa 2 mAsa = eka Rtu 3 Rtu = eka ayana 2 ayana = eka varSa 5 varSa . = eka yuga 70 lAkha karor3a, 56 hajAra karor3a varSa . = eka pUrva

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38 jana darzana aura saMskRti asaMkhyAta varSa = eka palyopama 10 kroDAkror3a (kroDaxkror3a) palyopama = eka sAgaropama 20 kror3Akror3a sAgaropama = eka kAla-cakra ananta kAla-cakra = eka pudgala parAvarta ina sAre vibhAgoM ko saMkSepa meM atIta, pratyutpanna (vartamAna) aura anAgata kahA jAtA hai| abhyAsa 1. dravya kise kahate haiM? 2. "astikAya kI avadhAraNA jaina darzana kI eka maulika dena hai" ise siddha kreN| 3. dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya ko mAnane ke lie kyA yuktiyA~ dI jA sakatI haiM? 4. lokAkAza kise kahate haiM? 5. jaina darzana meM AkAza aura kAla ke svarUpa ko spaSTa kreN| 000 palyopama-saMkhyA se Upara kA kAla-asaMkhyAta kAla, upamA kAla-eka cAra koza kA lambA-caur3A aura gaharA kuAM hai, usameM navajAta yaugalika zizu ke kezoM ko, jo manuSya ke keza ke 2401 hisse jitane sUkSma haiM, asaMkhya khaNDa kara ThasAr3hasa bharA jAe, prati sau varSa ke antara se eka-eka keza-khaNDa nikAlate-nikAlate jitane kAla meM vaha kuAM khAlI ho, utane kAla ko eka palyopama kahate haiN|

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mi aba nihAreM paramANu-jagat kA tANDava-nRtya pudgala vijJAna jisako bhautika astitva (Physical Order of Existence) aura nyAya-vaizeSika Adi jise bhautika tattva kahate haiM, use jaina-darzana meM pudgala saMjJA dI gayI hai| bauddha-darzana meM pudgala zabda Alaya-vijJAna-cetanA-saMtati ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| jaina-zAstroM meM bhI abhedocAra se pudgalayukta AtmA ko pudgala kahA hai| kintu mukhyatayA pudgala kA artha hai-mUrta drvy| chaha dravyoM meM kAla ko chor3akara zeSa pA~ca dravya astikAya haiM, avayavI haiM, phira bhI ina sabakI sthiti eka-sI nhiiN| pudgala akhaNDa dravya nahIM hai| usakA sabase choTA rUpa eka paramANu hai aura sabase bar3A rUpa vizvavyApI acitta mahAsvaMdha isIlie usako pUraNa-galana-dharma kahA hai| snigdha yA rUkSa kaNoM kI saMkhyA vRddhi kA nAma 'pUraNa' aura unakI saMkhyA-hAni kA nAma 'galana' hai| zabda, sUkSma-sthUla, halkA-bhArI, lambA-caur3A, bandha-bheda, AkAra, prakAza-andhakAra, tApa-chAyA Adi paudgalika padArthoM ke viSaya meM jo vistRta vivecana jaina darzana meM prastuta huA hai, vaha jaina tattvajJAna kI sUkSma-dRSTi aura vaijJAnikatA kA paricAyaka hai| tattva-saMkhyA meM paramANu kI svatantra gaNanA nahIM hai| vaha pudgala kA hI eka vibhAga hai| pudgala ke do prakAra batalAe~ haiM : 1. paramANu-pudgala 2. no-paramANu-pudgala-dvipradezI (dvayaNuka) Adi skandha / pudgala ke viSaya meM jaina-tattvavettAoM ne jo vivecanA aura vizleSaNA dI hai, usameM unakI maulikatA sahaja siddha hai| yadyapi kucheka pazcimI vidvAnoM kA khyAla hai ki bhArata meM paramANuvAda yUnAna se AyA, kintu yaha sahI nahIM hai| yUnAna meM paramANuvAda kA janmadAtA DimokriTsa huA hai| usake paramANuvAda se jainoM kA paramANuvAda bahutAMza meM bhinna hai. maulikatA kI dRSTi se sarvathA bhinna hai| jaina-dRSTi ke anusAra paramANu cetanA

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40 jaina darzana aura saMskRti kA pratipakSI hai, jabaki DimokriTasa ke matAnusAra AtmA sUkSma paramANuoM kA hI vikAra hai| kaI bhAratIya vidvAna paramANuvAda ko kaNAda RSi (vaizeSika darzana ke praNetA) kI upaja mAnate haiM kintu taTastha dRSTi se dekhA jAe to vaizeSikoM kA paramANuvAda jaina-paramANuvAda se pahale kA nahIM hai aura na jainoM kI taraha vaizeSikoM ne usake vibhinna pahaluoM para vaijJAnika prakAza hI DAlA hai| vidvAnoM ne mAnA hai ki bhAratavarSa meM paramANuvAda ke siddhAnta ko janma dene kA zreya jaina-darzana ko milanA caahie| upaniSad meM aNu zabda kA prayoga huA hai, jaise--'aNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAn', kintu paramANuvAda nAma kI koI vastu unameM nahIM pAyI jaatii| vaizeSikoM kA paramANuvAda zAyada itanA purAnA nahIM hai| I.pU. ke jaina sUtroM evaM uttaravartI sAhitya meM paramANu ke svarUpa aura kArya kA sUkSmatama anveSaNa paramANuvAda ke vidyArthI ke lie atyanta upayogI hai| zvetAmbara sAhitya meM. bhagavatI sUtra, sthAnAMga sUtra, paNNavaNA sUtra, tattvArtha sUtra (svopajJa bhASya) Adi tathA digambara sAhitya meM SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA TIkA), gommaTasAra, bRhad dravya-saMgraha, paMcAstikAyasAra, tattvArtha-rAjavArtika Adi meM paramANuvAda kA vistRta vivecana hai| paramANu kA svarUpa jaina-paribhASA ke anusAra achedya, abhedya, agrAhya, adAhya aura nirvibhAgI pudgala ko paramANu kahA jAtA hai| Adhunika vijJAna ke vidyArthI ko paramANu ke upalakSaNoM meM saMdeha ho sakatA hai, kAraNa ki vijJAna ke sUkSma yantroM meM paramANu kI avibhAjyatA surakSita nahIM hai| paramANu agara avibhAjya na ho to use parama + aNu nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vijJAna-sammata paramANu TUTatA hai, use bhI hama asvIkAra nahIM krte| isa samasyA ke bIca hameM jaina Agama anuyogadvAra meM varNita paramANu-dvividhatA kA sahaja smaraNa ho AtA hai 1. naizcayika (yA sUkSmatama) paramANu / 2. vyAvahArika paramANu / sUkSmatama paramANu kA svarUpa vahI hai, jo kucha Upara kI paMktiyoM meM batAyA gayA hai| vyAvahArika paramANu ananta sUkSmatama paramANuoM ke samudaya se banatA hai| vastuvRtyA vaha svayaM paramANu-piMDa hai, phira bhI sAdhAraNa dRSTi se grAhya nahIM hotA aura sAdhAraNa astra-zastra se tor3A nahIM jA sktaa| usakI pariNati sUkSma hotI hai,

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49 aba nihAreM paramANu-jagat kA tANDava-nRtya isalie vyavahArataH use paramANu kahA gayA hai| vijJAna ke paramANu kI tulanA isa vyAvahArika paramANu se hotI hai isalie paramANu ke TUTane kI bAta eka sImA taka jaina-dRSTi ko bhI svIkArya hai| pudgala ke guNa pudgala ke mUla guNa bIsa haiM : sparza-zIta, uSNa, rUkSa, snigdha, laghu, guru, mRdu aura karkaza / rasa-amla, madhura, kaTu, kaSAya aura tikta / gandha-sugandha aura durgandha / varNa-kRSNa, nIla, ravata, pIta aura shvet| uparyukta ATha sparzoM meM pahale cAra sparza mUlabhUta haiM aura zeSa cAra sparza saMyogaja haiN| inakI tulanA vijJAna meM pracalita jar3a padArtha ke guNadharmoM ke sAtha isa prakAra kI jA sakatI hai zIta, uSNa tApamAna (temperature) rUkSa, snigdha-dhana (+) aura RNa (-) vidyuta laghu, guru-saMhati (mass) mRdu, karkaza-satahI kaThoratA (hardness) yadyapi parimaNDala, vRtta, trayasra, caturasrata Adi saMsthAna (AkAra) pudgala meM hI hotA hai, phira bhI vaha usakA guNa nahIM hai| sUkSma paramANu dravya-rUpa meM niravayava aura avibhAjya hote hue bhI paryAya dRSTi se vaisA nahIM hai| usameM varNa, gaMdha aura rasa aura sparza-ye cAra guNa aura ananta paryAya hote haiN| eka paramANu meM eka varNa, eka gaMdha, eka rasa aura do sparza (zIta-uSNa, snigdha-rUkSa ina yugaloM meM se eka-eka) hote haiN| paryAya kI dRSTi se eka guNa (unit) kAlA paramANu ananta guNa kAlA jo jAtA hai aura ananta kAlA paramANu eka guNa kaalaa| eka paramANu meM varNa se varNAntara, gaMdha se gaMdhAntara, rasa se rasAntara aura sparza se sparzAntara honA jaina dRSTi sammata hai| eka guNa kAlA pudgala yadi usI rUpa meM rahe to jaghanyata: (kama se kama) eka samaya aura utkRSTata: (adhika se adhika) asaMkhyAta kAla taka raha sakatA hai / dviguNa se lekara ananta guNa taka ke paramANu-pudgaloM ke lie yahI niyama hai / bAda meM unameM parivartana avazya hotA hai| yaha varNa-viSayaka niyama gaMdha, rasa aura sparza para bhI lAgU hotA hai|

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti 42 paramANu kI atIndriyatA I paramANu indriyagrAhya nahIM hotA, phira bhI amUrta nahIM hai, vaha rUpI hai pAramArthika pratyakSa se vaha dekhA jAtA hai / paramANu mUrta hote hue bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotA, isakA kAraNa hai usakI sUkSmatA / kevala-jJAna kA viSaya mUrta aura amUrta donoM prakAra ke padArtha haiM isalie kevalI (sarvajJa aura atIndriya- dRSTA ) to paramANu ko jAnate hI haiM, akevalI yAnI chadmastha athavA kSAyopazamika jJAnI (jisakA AvaraNa - vilaya apUrNa hai) paramANu ko jAna bhI sakatA hai aura nahIM bhI / avadhijJAnI (rUpI dravya viSayaka pratyakSa jJAna vAlA vyakti) use jAna sakatA hai / indriya- pratyakSa vAlA vyakti use nahIM jAna sakatA / paramANu- samudAya aura pAramANavika jagata yaha dRzya - jagata - paudgalika jagat paramANu- saMghaTita hai / paramANuoM se skandha banate haiM aura skandhoM se sthUla padArtha / pudgala meM saMghAtaka aura vighAtaka -- ye donoM zaktiyA~ haiM / pudgala zabda meM hI 'pUraNa aura galana' ina donoM kA mela hai| paramANu ke mela se skandha banatA hai aura eka skandha ke TUTane se bhI aneka skandha bana jAte haiM / yaha galana ( fusion ) aura milana (fission) kI prakriyA svAbhAvika bhI hotI hai aura prANI ke prayatna se bhI / pudgala kI avasthAe~ sAdi-sAnta hotI haiM, anAdi - ananta nahIM / isalie eka paudgalika padArtha ko dUsare paudgalika padArtha ke rUpa meM parivartita kiyA jA sakatA hai / pAre ko sone meM badalA jA sakatA hai| pudgala meM agara viyojaka zakti nahIM hotI, vijJAna kI duniyA meM lagabhaga 100 varSoM taka yaha dhAraNA banI rahI ki saMsAra ke padArtha 62 mUla tattvoM se bane haiM, jaise sonA, cA~dI, lohA, tAMbA, pArA aadi| ye tattva aparivartanIya mAne gae arthAt na to lohe ko sone meM aura na sIse ko cA~dI Adi meM badalA jA sakatA hai / phira radaraphorDa aura TAmasana ke prayogoM ne yaha siddha kara diyA ki cAhe lohA ho yA sonA, donoM hI dravyoM ke paramANu eka-se hI kaNoM se milakara bane haiN| udAharaNa ke lie pAre ke aNu kA bhAra (atomic wieght ) 200 hotA hai / 200 kA artha hai hAiDrojana ke paramANu se 200 guNA bhArI / (hAiDrojana ke paramANu ko ikAI mAnA gayA hai / ) usako proTona dvArA visphoTita kiyA gayA jisameM vaha proTona pAre meM ghulamila gayA aura usakA bhAra 201 ho gayA / (proTona kA bhAra 1 hotA hai), taba svata: usa kramaza:.

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aba nihAreM paramANu-jagat kA tANDava-nRtya 43 to saba aNuoM kA eka piMDa bana jAtA aura yadi saMyojaka zakti nahIM hotI, to eka eka aNu alaga-alaga rahakara kucha nahIM kara paate| prANI-jagat ke prati paramANu kA jitanA bhI kArya hai, vaha saba paramANu samudAya janya hai; ananta paramANu-skandha hI prANIjagat ke lie upayogI haiN| skandha-bheda kI prakriyA ke kucha udAharaNa do paramANu pudgala ke mela se dvipradezI skandha banatA hai aura dvipradezI skandha ke bheda se do paramANu ho jAte haiN| tIna paramANu milane se tripradezI skandha banatA hai aura unake alagAva meM do vikalpa ho sakate haiM--tIna paramANu athavA eka paramANu aura eka dvipradezI skandha / , cAra paramANu ke samudaya se catuHpradezI skandha banatA hai aura usake bheda ke cAra vikalpa hote haiM : - * + + + + 1. eka paramANu aura eka tripradezIya skandha / 2. do dvipradezI skNdh| kramaza : navIna aNu ke mUla cUla se eka alphA kaNa nikala bhAgA jisakA bhAra 4 . hai, ata: utanA hI bhAra kama ho gayA aura phalasvarUpa vaha 167 bhAra kA aNu bana gayA aura sone ke aNu kA bhAra 167 hotA hai| isa prakAra pAre ke pudgalANu kI pUraNa-galana-prakriyA dvArA vaha (pArA) sonA bana gyaa| paramANuoM meM ye alphA-kaNa bhare par3e haiN| hamAre zAstroM kI paribhASA meM yaha kahA jAegA ki pArA aura sonA bhinna-bhinna padArtha nahIM haiM, balki pudgala dravya ke do bhinna-bhinna paryAya haiM, ataeva inakA paraspara parivartana asambhava bAta nahIM hai|

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44 jaina darzana aura saMskRti 3. do pRthak pRthak paramANu aura eka dvipradezI skandha / 4. cAroM pRthakpR thak paramANu / pudgala meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ___pudgala zAzvata bhI hai aura azAzvata bhii| dravyArthatayA zAzvata hai aura paryAyarUpa meM azAzvata / paramANu-pudgala dravya kI apekSA se acarama (aMtima nahIM) hai| yAnI paramANu saMghAta-rUpa meM pariNata hokara bhI puna: paramANu bana jAtA hai, isalie dravyatva kI dRSTi se carama (antima-ultimate) nahIM hai| kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se carama bhI hotA hai aura acarama bhii| pudgala kI dvividhA pariNati pudgala kI pariNati do prakAra kI hotI hai : 1. sUkSma, 2. baadr-sthuul| ananta-pradezI skandha bhI jaba taka sUkSma pariNati meM rahatA hai, taba taka indriyagAhya nahIM banatA aura sUkSma pariNati vAle skandha catuHsparzI hote haiN| uttaravartI cAra sparza sthUla pariNAma vAle skandhoM meM hI hote haiN| guru-laghu aura mRdu-kaThora-ye sparza pUrvavartI cAra sparzoM ke sApekSa saMyoga se banate haiN| rUkSa-sparza kI bahulatA se laghu-sparza hotA hai aura snigdha kI bahulatA se guru / zIta aura snigdha sparza kI bahulatA se mRdu-sparza aura uSNa tathA rUkSa kI bahulatA se karkaza-sparza banatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki sUkSma pariNati kI nivRtti ke sAtha-sAtha jahA~ sthUla pariNati hotI hai, vahA~ cAra sparza bar3ha jAte haiN| pudgala ke prakAra pudgala dravya cAra prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai : 1. skandha-paramANu-pracaya / 2. skaMdha-deza-skandha kA kalpita vibhaag| 3. skandha-pradeza-skandha se apRthagbhUta avibhAjya aMza / 4. paramANu-skandha se pRthak nirNsh-tttv| pradeza aura paramANu meM sirpha skandha se pRthaga bhAva (alaga hone)aura apRthag bhAva (jur3e rahane) kA antara hai|

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aba nihAreM paramANu-jagat kA tANDava nRtya pudgala kaba se aura kaba taka 45 pravAha kI apekSA se skandha aura paramANu anAdi- aparyavasita hai, kAraNa ki inakI santati anAdikAla se calI A rahI hai aura calatI rhegii| sthiti kI apekSA se yaha sAdi- saparyavasana bhI hai / jaise paramANuoM se skandha banatA hai aura skandha-bheda se paramANu bana jAte haiM / I paramANu paramANu ke rUpa meM aura skandha skandha ke rUpa meM raheM to kama se kama eka samaya aura adhika se adhika asaMkhyAta kAla taka raha sakate haiN| bAda meM to unheM badalanA hI par3atA hai / yaha inakI kAla - sApekSa sthiti hai / kSetra - sApekSa sthiti -- paramANu athavA skandha meM eka kSetra meM rahane kI sthiti bhI yahI hai / paramANu skandharUpa meM pariNata hokara phira paramANu banane meM kama-se- -kama eka samaya aura adhika se adhika asaMkhyAta kAla lagatA hai aura dvayaNukAdi skandhoM ke paramANu rUpa meM athavA RNukAdi skandha rUpa meM pariNata hokara phira mUla rUpa meM Ane se kama-se-kama eka samaya aura adhika-se-adhika ananta kAla lagatA hai / eka paramANu athavA skandha jisa AkAza - pradeza meM the aura kisI kAraNavaza vahA~ se cala par3e, phira AkAza-pradeza meM utkRSTataH ananta kAla ke bAda aura jaghanyata: eka samaya ke bAda hI A pAte haiM / paramANu AkAza ke eka pradeza meM hI rahate haiM / skandha ke lie yaha niyama nahIM hai / ve eka, do, saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta pradezoM meM raha sakate haiM, yAvat samUce lokAkAza taka bhI phaila jAte haiN| samUce loka meM phaila jAne vAlA skandha 'acitta mahAskandha' kahalAtA hai 1 pudgala kA apradezitva aura sapradezitva dravya kI apekSA se-- skandha sapradezI hote haiM / kSetra kI apekSA se skandha sapradezI bhI hote haiM aura apradezI bhI / jo eka AkAza pradezAvagAhI hotA hai arthAt AkAza ke eka pradeza meM Thaharane vAlA hotA hai. vaha apradezI aura jo do Adi AkAza-pradezAvagAhI hotA hai vaha sapradezI / kAla kI apekSA se--jo skandha eka samaya kI sthiti vAlA hotA hai vaha apradezI aura jo isase adhika sthiti vAlA hotA hai vaha sapradezI / bhAva kI apekSA se - eka guNa ( unit ) vAlA skandha apradezI aura adhika guNa vAlA sapradezI hotA hai / dravya aura kSetra kI apekSA se paramANu apradezI hote haiM / kAla kI apekSA se. eka samaya kI sthiti vAlA paramANu apradezI aura adhika samaya kI sthiti

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46 jaina darzana aura saMskRti vAlA, sprdeshii| bhAva kI apekSA se eka guNa vAlA apradezI aura adhika guNa vAlA sprdeshii| pariNamana ke tIna hetu pariNamana kI apekSA pudgala tIna prakAra ke hote haiM- . 1. vaisrasika (svAbhAvika) 2. prAyogika, 3. mishr| svabhAvata: jinakA pariNamana hotA hai, ve vainasika haiM, jaise-jiivcchriir| jIva ke prayoga se zarIra Adi rUpa meM pariNata pudgala prAyogika haiN| jIva ke dvArA mukta hone para bhI jinakA jIva ke prayoga se huA pariNamana nahIM chUTatA athavA jIva ke prayatna aura svabhAva--donoM ke saMyoga se jo banate haiM, ve mizra kahalAte haiM, jaise--mRta shriir| inakA rUpAntara asaMkhyAta kAla ke bAda avazya hI hotA hai| pudgala dravya meM grahaNyA nAma kA eka guNa hotA hai| pudgala ke sivAya anya padArthoM meM kisI dUsare padArtha se jA milane kI zakti nahIM hai| pudgala kA Apasa meM milana hotA hai vaha to hai hI, kintu isake atirikta jIva ke dvArA usakA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| pudgala svayaM jAkara jIva se nahIM cipaTatA, kintu vaha jIva kI kriyA se AkRSTa hokara jIva ke sAtha saMlagna hotA hai| jIva sambaddha pudgala kA jIva para bahuvidha asara hotA hai, jisakA audArika Adi vargaNA ke rUpa meM Age ullekha kiyA jaaegaa| pudgaloM kA zreNI-vibhAga do paramANuoM se lekara ananta yA ananta-ananta paramANuoM ke saMyoga se jo skandha banate haiM unakA vargIkaraNa aneka dRSTiyoM se kiyA jA sakatA hai| unameM se eka haiM--jIva ko kAma meM Ane kI dRSTi se pudgala-skandhoM kA vargIkaraNa / sUkSma pudgala-skandha jIva ke kAma meM nahIM Ate, ata: yaha spaSTa hai ki kevala ananta-ananta paramANuoM ke saMyoga se banane vAle skaMdha hI jIva ke lie upayogI banate haiN| eka hI prakAra ke aise pudgala-skandhoM kI zreNI yA jAti ko "vargaNA" (class) kahA jAtA hai| pudgala-skandhoM kI ananta pudgaloM kA jIva para bahuvidha asara hotA hai| isa dRSTi se yaha ATha vargaNAe~ batAI gaI haiN| 1. audArika vargaNA 2. vaikriya vargaNA

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47 aba nihAreM paramANu-jagat kA tANDava-nRtya 3. AhAraka vargaNA 4. taijasa vargaNA 5. kArmaNa vargaNA 6. zvAsocchvAsa vargaNA 7. bhASA vargaNA 8. mano vrgnnaa| inameM pahalI pA~ca vargaNAe~ pA~ca prakAra ke zarIroM ke nirmANa meM upayogI hotI haiM, zeSa tIna vargaNAe~ kramaza: zvAsa-ucchvAsa, vANI aura mana kI kriyAoM meM kAma meM AtI haiN| 1. audArika-sthUla pudgaloM se niSpanna rasa, rakta, mA~sa, meda, asthi, majjA, zukra rUpa dhAtumaya zarIra kA nirmANa jina pudgaloM se hotA hai, ve audArika vargaNA ke pudgala kahalAte haiN| manuSya evaM tiryaMca (pazu, pakSI, kITa, pataMga evaM pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati Adi) jIvoM ke zarIra audArika vargaNA ke pudgaloM se nirmita hote haiN| 2. vaikriya-bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke rUpa, AkRti (jaise-choTA-bar3A, halkA-bhArI, dRzya-adRzya Adi) Adi karane meM samartha zarIra kA nirmANa vaikriya-vargaNA ke pudgaloM se hotA hai| deva evaM nAraka jIvoM ko aisA zarIra janma se hI sahaja prApta hotA hai| vAyukAyika jIva, vaikriya-labdhi (janma se nahIM, apitu vizeSa upakrama se prApta sAmarthya) sampanna manuSya aura tiryaMca jIvoM ko bhI yaha prApta ho sakatA hai| vaikriya-zarIra rakta, mAMsa Adi dhAtuoM se rahita hotA hai| 3. AhAraka-vizeSa tapasyA Adi ke upakrama se prApta AhAraka labdhi (yoga-zakti) se niSpanna zarIra AhAraka vargaNAoM ke pudgala se nirmita hotA hai| isa zarIra kA upayoga caturdazapUrva-dhara (vizeSa jJAnI) sAdhu apanI jijJAsA ke samAdhAna ke lie dUra-saMcAra (tele-commuuication) meM karate haiN| ve apane hI zarIra meM se "AhAraka zarIra" kA preSaNa dUrastha sarvajJa ko karate haiM aura jijJAsA kA samAdhAna pAte haiN| 4. tejasa--yaha pratyeka prANI ke sthUla zarIra (audArika yA vaikriya) ke sAtha rahane vAlA sUkSma zarIra hai, jo nirantara jIva ke sAtha rahatA hai| mRtyu ke uparAnta bhI (sthUla zarIra ke chUTa jAne ke bAda bhI) taijasa zarIra kA sAhacarya banA rahatA hai| yaha tejomaya paramANuoM se niSpanna hotA hai, jisakI tulanA jaiva-vidyuta-plAjmA (bio-electrical plasma) ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai| taijasa vargaNA ke pudgala vidyutmaya UrjA ke rUpa meM hone ke kAraNa jIva kI pAcana-kriyA meM rAsAyanika prakriyAoM ke lie jimmevAra hote haiN| vaijJAnika zabdAvalI meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki taijasa vidyuta-rAsAyanika UrjA kA srota hai jo pAcana ke lie Avazyaka hai| taijasa zarIra kI UrjA kA vizeSa niyamana kara

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti 48 vyakti " tejolabdhi " nAmaka zakti utpanna kara sakatA hai, jisakI UrjA kI kSamatA solaha janapadoM ko bhasmasAt karane jitanI hai / uSNa tejolabdhi dAhaka aura zIta tejolabdhi zAmaka hotI hai| vartamAna yuga meM prayukta ANavika yA nAbhika abhikriyAoM se prApta UrjA ke sAtha tejolabdhi kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai / 5. kArmaNa-karmoM ke pudgala - samUha isa vargaNA ke antargata Ate haiN| kArmaNa vargaNA ke pudgala - samUha jIvoM kI sat-asat kiyA ke pratiphala ke jIva ke sAtha baMdha jAte haiM, jisase kArmaNa-zarIra kA nirmANa hotA hai / kArmaNa- zarIra taijasa zarIra se bhI sUkSmatara hotA hai aura taijasa zarIra kI taraha sadA jIva ke sAtha rahatA hai / 1 6. zvAsocchvAsa - zvAsa aura ucchvAsa yA Ana-prANa ke yogya pudgala-samUha isa vargaNA ke antargata Ate haiN| oNksIjana ke skandhAgu isa vargaNA ke haiM / 7. bhASA vargaNA - jaba koI bhI jIva vANI prayoga karatA hai taba isa vargaNA ke pudgala-samUha ko dhvani meM parivartita kara karatA hai / 8. mano vargaNA - cintana Adi mana kI pravRttiyoM meM sahAyaka banane vAle pudgala - samUha isa vargaNA ke antargata Ate haiM / koI bhI saMjJI (mananazIla) prANI jaba cintana Adi mana kI pravRtti karatA hai, to pahale mano vargaNA ke pudgaloM ko grahaNa karatA hai aura unakI sahAyatA se manana, cintana Adi kriyAe~ sampanna karatA haiN| ina vargaNAoM se pA~ca prakAra ke zarIra kA nirmANa karane vAle pudgala skandha uttarottara (kramaza:) sUkSma aura skandha - parimANa kI apekSA se asaMkhya gune hote haiM tathA taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra ke pudgala - skandha ananta gune hote haiM / eka paudgalika padArtha kA dUsare paudgalika padArtha ke rUpa meM parivartana ho sakatA hai, ataH eka vargaNA ke pudgala vargaNAntara ke rUpa meM parivartita ho sakate haiM / prathama cAra vargaNAe~ tathA zvAsocchvAsa vargaNA aSTa-sparzI - sthUla skandha haiN| ve halkI-bhArI, mRdu kaThora bhI hotI haiM / kArmaNa, bhASA aura mana ye tIna vargaNAe~ catu:sparzI haiM arthAt sUkSma skandha haiM / inameM kevala zIta, uSNa, snigdha, rUkSa - ye cAra hI sparza hote haiM, zeSa cAra sparza ( halkA - bhArI, mRdu-kaThora ) nahIM hote / zvAsocchvAsa vargaNA ke pudgala kvacit catuHsparzI bhI hote haiM / prANI aura pudgala kA sambandha prANI ke upayoga meM jitane padArtha Ate haiM, ve saba paudgalika hI hote haiM, kintu vizeSa dhyAna dene kI bAta yaha hai ki ve saba jIva- zarIra meM prayukta hue

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49 aba nihAreM paramANu-jagat kA tANDava-nRtya hote haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki ve miTTI, jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasakAyika jIvoM ke zarIra yA zarIra-mukta pudgala haiN| dUsarI dRSTi se dekheM to sthUla skandha ve hI haiM jo visrasA pariNAma se audArika Adi vargaNA ke rUpa meM sambaddha hokara prANiyoM ke sthUla zarIra ke rUpa meM pariNAma athavA usase mukta hote haiN| vaizeSikoM kI taraha jaina darzana meM pRthvI, pAnI Adi ke paramANu pRthak lakSaNa vAle nahIM haiN| ina sabameM sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa-ye sabhI guNa rahate haiN| pudgala kI gati paramANu svayaM gatizIla hai| vaha eka kSaNa meM loka ke eka sire se dUsare sire taka, jo asaMkhya yojana kI dUrI para hai, calA jAtA hai| gati-pariNAma usakA svAbhAvika dharma hai| dharmAstikAya usakA preraka nahIM, mAtra sahAyaka hai| gati kA upAdAna paramANu svayaM hai| dharmAstikAya to usakI gati karane meM sahAyaka hotA hai, nimitta banatA hai| : paramANu saija (sakampa) bhI hotA hai aura anaija (akampa) bhii| kampana * (Vibrations) paramANu kI svAbhAvika gati (motion) kA eka rUpa hai| kadAcit vaha caMcala hotA hai, kadAcita nhiiN| usameM na to nirantara kampabhAva rahatA hai aura na nirantara akampa-bhAva bhii| ___ dvayaNuka skandha meM kadAcit kampana, kadAcita akampana hotA hai| vaha dvayaMza (do aMza vAlA) hotA hai, isalie usameM deza-kampa aura deza-akampa aisI sthiti bhI hotI hai| isI prakAra tripradezI, catuHpradezI, Adi se lekara ananta pradezI taka se skandhoM meM kampa-akampa ke aneka vikalpa banate haiN| ye vikalpa Adhunika gaNita-zAstra meM prayukta kramacaya aura saMcaya (Permutations and Combinations) kI vidhi kA acchA udAharaNa hai| pudgala kI avasthAe~ paramANuoM ke ekIkaraNa yA pRthakkaraNa ke pariNAmasvarUpa jo pudgala skandha banate haiM, unakI mukhya dasa avasthAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM, jo pudgala ke hI guNadharma yA kArya haiM1. zabda (Sound) 2. bandha (Fusion) 3. saukSmaya (Subtlety) 4. sthaulya (Grossness)

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50 jaina darzana aura saMskRti 5. saMsthAna (Configurations) 6. bheda (Fission) 7. tama (Darkness) 8. chAyA (Shadow) 9. Atapa (Sunlight) 10. udyota (Moonlight) ye paudgalika kArya tIna prakAra ke hote haiM1. prAyogika-jIva ke prayoga se hone vaale| 2. vastrasika-jIva ke svabhAva se hone vaale| 3. mizra--jIva ke prayala aura svabhAva-donoM ke saMyoga se hone vaale| zabda jaina dArzanikoM ne 'zabda' ko kevala paudgalika kahakara hI vizrAma nahIM liyA, kintu usakI utpatti, gIta Adi vibhinna pahaluoM para pUrA prakAza DAlA hai| tAra kA sambandha na hote hue bhI sughoSA ghaNTA kA zabda asaMkhyAta yojanA kI dUrI para rahI huI ghaNTAoM meM pratidhvanita hotA hai| zabda pudgala-skandhoM ke saMghAta aura bheda se utpanna hotA hai| usake bhASA-zabda (akSara-sahita aura akSara-rahita), no-bhASA zabda (Atodya zabda aura no-Atodya zabda) Adi aneka bheda haiN| vaktA bolane se pUrva bhASA-paramANuoM ko grahaNa karatA hai, bhASA ke rUpa meM unakA pariNamana karatA hai aura anta meM unakA utsarjana karatA hai| utsarjana ke dvArA nikale hue bhASA vargaNA ke pudgala AkAza meM phailate haiN| vaktA kA prayatna agara maMda hai to ve pudgala abhinna rahakara 'jala-taraMga-nyAya' se AkAza meM phailakara zaktihIna ho jAte haiN| yadi vaktA kA prayatna tIvra hotA hai to ve bhinna hokara skandhoM ko grahaNa karate-karate sudUra taka cale jAte haiN| hama jo sunate haiM vaha vaktA kA mUla zabda nahIM suna paate| vaktA kA zabda zreNiyoM-AkAza-pradeza kI paMktiyoM meM phailatA hai| ye zreNiyA~ vaktA ke pUrva-pazcima, uttara-dakSiNa, U~cI-nIcI-chahoM dizAoM meM haiN| hama zabda kI sama-zreNI meM hote haiM to mizra zabda sunate haiM arthAt vaktA dvArA uccArita zabda-dravyoM aura unake dvArA vAsita zabda-dravyoM ko sunate haiN| yadi hama vizreNI (vidizA) meM hote haiM to kevala vAsita zabda-dravyoM ko hI suna pAte haiN| bandha __ avayavoM kA paraspara avayava aura avayavI ke rUpa meM pariNamana hotA hai, use bandha kahA jAtA hai| saMyoga meM kevala antara-rahita avasthAna hotA hai kintu bandha meM ekatva hotA hai|

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aba nihAreM paramANu-jagat kA tANDava nRtya baMdha ke do prakAra haiM1. vaisasika svabhAva-janya bndh| 2. prAyogika prayoga-janya bandha / vaisrasika bandha sAdi aura anAdi-donoM prakAra kA hotA hai| dharmAstikAya Adi dravyoM kA bandha anAdi hai| sAdi bandha kevala pudgaloM kA hotA hai, vyaNuka Adi skandha banate haiM, vaha sAdi bandha hai| usakI prakriyA yaha hai : skandha kevala paramANuoM ke saMyoga se nahIM bntaa| snigdha aura rUkSa guNa vAle paramANuoM kA paraspara ekatva hotA hai taba skandha banatA hai arthAt skandha kI utpatti kA hetu paramANuoM kA snigdhatva aura rUkSatva hai|' vizeSa niyama yaha haiM : 1. jaghanya aMza vAle snigdha aura rUkSa paramANu milakara skandha nahIM banA skte| snigdhatva aura rUkSatva aura vaijJAnika paribhAzA meM paoNjiTiva aura nigeTiva vidyuta kahA jA sakatA hai| 'tattvArthasUtra' ke pA~caveM adhyAya, sUtra kramAMka 33 meM kahA gayA hai- "snigdha-rUkSatvAdaH" arthAt snigdhatva aura rUkSatva guNoM ke kAraNa aNu eka sUtra meM baMdhA rahatA hai| pUjyapAda svAmI ne 'svArthasiddhi' TIkA meM eka sthAna para likhA hai-"snigdharUkSaguNanimitto vidyuta' arthAt bAdaloM meM snigdha aura rUkSa guNoM ke kAraNa vidyuta kI utpatti hotI hai, isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki snigdha kA artha cikanA aura rUkSa kA artha khuradarA nahIM hai| ye donoM zabda vAstava meM vizeSa (takanIkI) arthoM meM prayukta hue haiN| jisa taraha eka anapar3ha moTara-cAlaka baiTarI ke eka tAra ko ThaMDA aura dUsare ko garama kahatA hai (yadyapi unameM se koI tAra na ThaMDA aura na garama) aura jinheM vijJAna kI bhASA meM 'paoNjiTiva' aura "negeTiva' kahA jAtA hai| ThIka . usI taraha jaina dharma meM snigdha aura rUkSa zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| DaoN. bI.ena. sIla ne kembrija se prakAzita pustaka "paoNjiTiva sAinseja oNpha enaziyeMTa hindUja' meM spaSTa likhA hai ki jainAcAryoM ko yaha bAta mAlUma thI ki bhinna-bhinna vastuoM ko Apasa meM ragar3ane se bijalI utpanna kI jA sakatI hai| isa taraha koI saMdeha nahIM raha jAtA ki snigdha kA artha paoNjiTiva aura rUkSa kA artha nigeTiva vidyuta hai| sara arnesTa radaraphorDa ne apane prayogoM dvArA yaha asaMdigdha kara diyA haiM ki pratyeka eTama meM, cAhe vaha kisI bhI vastu kA kyoM na ho, paoNjiTiva aura nigeTiva bijalI ke kaNa bhinna-bhinna saMkhyA meM vidyamAna rahate haiN| lohA, cA~dI, sonA Adi dravyoM ke aNuoM meM yahI racanA pAyI jAtI hai aura koI antara nahIM hai|

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti - 2. samAna aMza vAle paramANu, yadi ve sadRza hoM-kevala snigdha hoM yA kevala rukSa hoM-milakara skandha nahIM banA skte| 3. snigdha yA rUkSatA do aMza (unit) yA tIna aMza Adi adhika hoM to sadRza paramANu milakara skandha kA nirmANa kara sakate haiN| bandha-kAla meM adhika aMza vAle paramANu hIna aMza vAle paramANuoM ko apane rUpa meM pariNata kara lete haiN| pA~ca aMza vAle snigdha paramANu ke yoga se tIna aMza vAlA snigdha paramANu pA~ca aMza vAlA ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra pA~ca aMza vAle snigdha paramANu ke yoga se tIna aMza vAlA rUkhA paramANu snigdha ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra snigdhatva hInAMza rUkSatva ko apane meM milA letA hai usI prakAra rUkSatva bhI hInAMza snigdha ko apane meM milA letA hai| kabhI-kabhI paristhitivaza snigdha paramANu samAMza-rUkSa paramANuoM ko aura rUkSa paramANu samAMza-snigdha paramANuoM ko bhI apane-apane rUpa meM pariNata kara letA hai| sUkSmatA aura sthUlatA __ paramANu sUkSmatama hai aura acitta-mahAskandha sthUlatama hai| inake madhyavartI saumya sthaulya ApekSika hai--eka sthUla vastu kI apekSA kisI dUsarI vastu ko sUkSma aura eka sUkSma vastu kI apekSA kisI dUsarI vastu ko sthUla kahA jAtA digambara AcArya sthUlatA aura sUkSmatA ke AdhAra para pudgala ko chaha bhAgoM meM vibhakta karate haiM 1. bAdara-bAdara-patthara Adi Thosa padArtha (solid) jo vibhakta hokara svayaM jur3a nahIM skte| 2. bAdara-pravAhI padArtha . (iquid) jo vibhakta hokara svayaM mila jaaeN| 3. bAdara-sUkSma-vAyu (gas) jo sthUla bhAsita hone para bhI sUkSma haiM, AMkhoM se dekhe nahIM jA sakate (cAkSuSa nahIM hai)| 4. sUkSma-bAdara-prakAza Adi sUkSma hone para bhI indriya-gamya haiN| 5... sUkSma-manovargaNA. bhASAvargaNA Adi pudgala, jo indriyAtIta haiN| 6. sUkSma-sUkSma-kArmaNa vargaNA Adi atyanta /sUkSma skandha / .. chAyA yaha a-pAradarzaka aura pAradarzaka-donoM prakAra kI hotI hai|

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aba nihAreM paramANu-jagat kA tANDava-nRtya Atapa __ yaha naSNAprakAzabhakA hApa-kiraNa yaha uSNa prakAza kA tApa-kiraNa hai| jaise--sUrya kA prakAza / agni tApa se bhinna hai| udyota yaha zIta prakAza kA tApa-kiraNa hai| jaise-candra kA prkaash| pratibimba-prakriyA aura usakA darzana paudgalika vastue~ do prakAra kI hotI haiM--sUkSma aura sthuul| indriya-gocara hone vAlI sabhI vastueM sthUla hotI haiN| sthUla vastueM cayApacaya-dharmaka (ghaTa-bar3ha jAne vAlI) hotI haiN| inameM se razmiyA~ nikalatI haiM--vastu AkAra ke anurUpa chAyA-pudgala nikalate haiM aura ve bhAsvara (camakIle) yA abhAsvara vastuoM se pratibimbita ho jAte haiN| abhAsvara vastu meM par3ane vAlI chAyA zyAma yA kAlI hotI hai, arthAt unakA pratibimba cakSu dvArA gAhya nahIM hotaa| bhAsvara vastuoM meM par3ane vAlI chAyA vastu ke varNAnurUpa hotI hai| Adarza yA zIze (kAMca) meM jo zarIra ke avayavoM ke pratibimba saMkrAMta hote haiM ve prakAza ke dvArA dRSTigata hote haiM isalie Adarza-draSTA (vyakti) Adarza meM na Adarza dekhatA hai, na apanA zarIra kintu apane zarIra kA pratibimba dekhatA hai| prANI-jagata ke prati pudgala kA upakAra AhAra (bhojana) zarIra, indriya, zvAsocchvAsa, bhASA aura mana--jIva kI ye -chaha, pramukha kriyAe~ haiN| inhIM ke dvArA prANI kI cetanA kA sthUla bodha hotA hai| prANI kA AhAra, zarIra, indriya, zvAsocchvAsa aura bhASA-ye saba paudgalika mAnasika cintana bhI pudgala-sahAyApekSa hai| cintaka cintana ke pUrva kSaNa meM manovargaNA ke skandhoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| usake cintana ke anukUla AkRtiyA~ bana jAtI haiN| eka cintana se dUsare cintana meM saMkrAnta hote samaya pahalI-pahalI AkRtiyA~ bAhara nikalatI rahatI haiM aura nayI-nayI AkRtiyA~ bana jAtI haiN| ve mukta AkRtiyA~ AkAza-maNDala meM phaila jAtI haiM aura kaI thor3e kAla bAda parivartita ho jAtI haiM aura kaI asaMkhyAta kAla taka parivartita nahIM bhI hotiiN| ina manovargaNA ke skandhoM (vijJAna ke kSetra meM inheM Mindons

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54 jaina darzana aura saMskRti kahA jAtA hai) kA prANI ke zarIra para bhI anukUla evaM pratikUla pariNAma hotA hai| vicAroM kI dRr3hatA se vicitra kAma karane kA siddhAnta inhIM kA upajIvI hai| yaha samUcA dRzya saMsAra paudgalika hI hai| jIva kI samasta vaibhAvika avasthAe~ pudgala-nimittaka hotI haiN| tAtparya-dRSTi se dekhA jAe to yaha jagat jIva aura paramANuoM ke vibhinna saMyogoM kA pratibimba (pariNAma) hai| jaina sUtroM meM paramANu aura jIva-paramANu saMyogakRta dazAoM kA pracura varNana hai| bhagavatI, prajJApanA aura sthAnAMga Adi isake Akara-grantha haiN| 'paramANu-paTiMtriMzikA' Adi paramANu-viSayaka svatantra granthoM kA nirmANa jaina-tattvajJoM kI paramANu-viSayaka svatantra anveSaNA kA mUrta rUpa hai| Aja ke vijJAna kI anveSaNAoM ke sAtha tulanIya vicitra varNana inameM bhare par3e haiN| vaijJAnika jagat ke lie ye anveSaNIya haiN| eka dravya : aneka dravya samAnajAtIya dravyoM kI dRSTi se saba dravyoM kI sthiti eka nahIM hai| chaha dravyoM meM dharma, adharma aura AkAza-ye tIna dravya eka dravya haiM--vyakti rUpa se eka haiN| inake samAnajAtIya dravya nahIM haiN| eka dravya dravya vyApaka hote haiN| dharma-adharma samUce loka meM vyApta haiN| AkAza loka aloka donoM meM vyApta hai| kAla, pudgala aura jIva-ye tIna dravya aneka dravya haiM--vyakti rUpa se ananta pudgala dravya saMkhyA kI dRSTi se sAMkhya darzana meM mAnya prakRti kI taraha eka yA vyApaka nahIM kintu ananta haiM, ananta paramANu aura ananta skandha haiN| jIvAtmA bhI eka aura vyApaka nahIM, ananta haiN| kAla ke bhI samaya ananta haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina-darzana meM dravyoM kI saMkhyA ke do hI vikalpa haiM--eka yA ananta / sAdRzya-vaisadRzya vizeSa guNa kI apekSA se pA~coM dravya-dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala aura jIva visadRza haiN| sAmAnya guNa kI apekSA se ve sadRza bhI haiN| vyApaka guNa kI apekSA se dharma, adharma, AkAza sadRza haiN| amUrtatva kI apekSA se dharma, adharma, AkAza aura jIva sadRza haiN| acaitanya kI apekSA se dharma, adharma, AkAza aura pudgala sadRza haiN| astitva, vastutva, dravyatva, prameyatva, pradezatva aura agurulaghutva kI apekSA se sabhI dravya sadRza haiN|

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aba nihAreM paramANu-jagat kA tANDava-nRtya __ abhyAsa 1. pudgala kyA hai? usake svarUpa ko jaina darzana ke AdhAra para batAte hue usakI tulanA vijJAna ke dvArA pratipAdita bhautika padArtha aura UrjA ke sAtha kreN| 2. pudgala ke mUla guNoM ke nAma evaM bheda-prabheda spaSTa kreN| 3. "paramANuvAda jaina darzana kA prAcInatama avadAna hai"--ise siddha kreN| 4. jaina darzana ke paramANu ke vibhinna paryAyoM ko spaSTa kreN| 5. vargaNA kise kahate haiM? mukhya vargaNAe~ kauna-kauna-sI haiM? 00

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pahale aNDA yA pahale murgI ? vizva ke Adi-bindu kI jijJAsA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAmane aNDA aura margI, jIva aura ajIva, loka aura aloka, bhavya aura abhavya, mukti aura saMsAra Adi ko lekara prazna kie gae ki inameM pahale kauna aura pIche kauna hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne uttara diyA ki inameM se pratyeka yugma ke donoM ghaTaka pahale se haiM aura pIche raheMge-anAdi kAla se haiM aura ananta kAla taka rheNge| inameM paurvAparya (pahale pIche kA krama) nahIM hai| ye sabhI zAzvata bhAva haiN| inameM krama nahIM hai| isa prakAra ye sabhI mUlata: anAdi haiN| loka-aloka kA parimANa dharma-dravya aura adharma-dravya sasIma haiM--caudaha rajju'-pariNAma parimita haiM isalie loka bhI sImita hai| lokAkAza asaMkhyapradezI hai| aloka ananta-asIma hai isalie alokAkAza ananta pradezI hai| loka-aloka kA saMsthAna loka supratiSTaka AkAravAlA hai| tIna zarAvoM yA zikoroM meM se eka zarAva oMdhA, dUsarA sIdhA aura tIsarA usake Upara AdhA rakhane se jo AkAza banatA hai, use supratiSThaka saMsthAna yA trizarAvasaMpuTasaMsthAna kahA jAtA hai| loka nIce vistRta hai, madhya meM saMkarA aura Upara-Upara mRdaMgAkAra hai| isalie usakA AkAra ThIka trizarAvasaMpTa jaisA banatA hai| aloka kA AkAra bIca meM polavAle gole ke samAna hai| alokAkAza ekAkAra hai| usakA koI vibhAga nahIM hotA hai| lokAkAza tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai-Urdhva loka, adho loka aura madhya lok| loka caudaha rajju lambA hai| usameM U~cA loka sAta rajju se kucha kama hai| tirachA loka aThAraha sau yojana pramANa hai| nIcA loka sAta rajju se adhika hai| 1. eka rajjU ke asaMkhyAta yojana hote haiN|

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pahale aNDA yA pahale murgI? 57 jisa prakAra eka hI AkAza dharma-adharma ke dvArA loka aura aloka-ina do bhAgoM meM baMTatA hai, ThIka vaise hI inake dvArA lokAkAza ke tIna vibhAga aura pratyeka vibhAga kI bhinna AkRtiyA~ banatI haiN| dharma-dravya aura adharma-dravya kahIM vistRta haiM aura kahIM saMkucita / ve nIce kI ora vistRta rUpa se vyApta haiM, ata: adholoka kA AkAra oMdhe kie hue zarAba jaisA banatA hai| madhyaloka meM ve kRza rUpa meM haiM, isalie usakA AkAra binA kinArI vAlI jhAlara ke samAna ho jAtA hai| Upara kI ora ve phira kucha-kucha vistRta hote cale gae haiM, isalie Urdhva loka kA AkAra Urdhvamukha mRdaMga jaisA hotA hai| alokAkAza meM dUsarA koI dravya nahIM, isalie usakI koI AkRti nahIM bntii| lokAkAza kI adhika se adhika moTAI sAta rajju kI hai| loka cAra prakAra kA hai-dravyaloka, kSetraloka, kAlaloka, bhaavlok| dravyaloka paMcAstikAyamaya eka hai, isalie vaha sAMta hai| loka kI paridhi asaMkhya yojana kroDAkroDa kI hai, isalie kSetraloka bhI sAMta hai| ... sApekSavAda ke AviSkartA pro. AinsTIna ne loka kA vyAsa eka karor3a 'assI lAkha prakAzavarSa mAnA hai| 'eka prakAzavarSa' usa dUrI ko kahate haiM, jo prakAza kI kiraNa 186000 mIla prati sekaNDa ke hisAba se eka varSa meM taya karatI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne devatAoM kI 'zIghragati kI kalpanA se loka kI ' moTAI ko samajhAyA hai| jaise-chaha devatA loka kA anta lene ke lie zIghragati se chahoM kI dizAoM (pUrva, pazcima, uttara, dakSiNa, U~cI aura nIcI) meM cale / ThIka usI samaya eka seTha ke ghara eka hajAra varSa kI Ayu vAlA eka putra janmA....usakI Ayu samApta ho gii| usake bAda hajAra varSa kI Ayu vAle usake beTe-pote hue| isa prakAra sAta pIr3hiyA~ bIta giiN| unake nAmagotra bhI miTa gae, taba taka ve devatA calate rahe, phira bhI loka ke anta taka nahIM phuNce| hA~, ve calate-calane adhika bhAga pAra kara ge| bAkI rahA vaha bhAga kama hai-ve cale usakA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga bAkI rahA hai| jitanA bhAga calanA bAkI rahA hai usase asaMkhyAta guNA bhAga pAra kara cuke haiN| yaha loka itanA bar3A hai| kAla aura bhAva kI dRSTi se loka ananta hai| aisA koI kAla nahIM, jisameM loka kA astitva na ho| 1. eka devatA meru parvata kI cUlikA para khar3A hai-eka lAkha yojana kI U~cAI meM khar3A hai| nIce cAroM dizAoM meM cAra dik-kumArikAe~ hAtha meM balipiNDa lekara bahirmukhI rahakara usa balipiNDa ko eka sAtha pheMkatI haiN| usa samaya vaha devatA daur3atA hai| cAroM balipiNDoM ko jamIna para girane se pahale hAtha meM letA hai| isa gati kA nAma 'zIghragati' hai|

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58 jaina darzana aura saMskRti loka pahale thA, vartamAna meM aura bhaviSya meM sadA rahegA-isalie kAla-loka ananta hai| loka meM varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza kI paryAyeM ananta haiM tathA bAdaraskandhoM kI guru-laghu paryAya, sUkSma skaMdhoM aura amUrta dravyoM kI aguru-laghu paryAyeM ananta haiM isalie bhAva-loka ananta hai| loka-sthiti gautama ne pUchA- 'bhaMte! loka-sthiti kitane prakAra kI hai? bhagavAn ne kahA- 'gautama! loka sthiti ke ATha prakAra haiM1. vAyu AkAza para TikI huI hai| 2. samudra vAyu para TikA huA hai| 3. pRthvI samudra para TikI huI hai| 4. trasa-sthAvara jIva pRthvI para Tike hue haiN| 5. ajIva-jIva ke Azrita haiN| 6. sakarma-jIva karma ke Azrita haiN| 7. ajIva jIvoM dvArA saMgRhIta haiN| 8. jIva karma-saMgRhIta haiN| AkAza, vAyu, jala aura pRthvI-ye vizva ke AdhArabhUta aMga haiN| vizva kI vyavasthA inhIM ke AdhAra-Adheya bhAva se banI huI hai| saMsArI jIva aura ajIva (pudgagala) meM AdhAra-Adheya bhAva aura saMgrAhya-saMgrAhaka bhAva ye donoM haiN| jIva AdhAra hai aura zarIra usakA Adheya ! karma saMsArI jIva kA AdhAra hai aura saMsArI jIva usakA aadhey|| ___jIva ajIva (bhASA-vargaNA, mano-vargaNA aura zarIra-vargaNA) kA saMgrAhaka hai| karma saMsArI jIva kA saMgrAhaka hai| tAtparya yaha hai--karma se baMdhA huA jIva hI sazarIra hotA hai| vahI calatA-phiratA, bolatA aura socatA hai| acetana jagat se cetana jagat kI jo vilakSaNatAe~ haiM, ve jIva aura pudgala ke saMyoga se hotI haiN| jitanA bhI vaibhAvika parivartana yA dRzya rUpAntara hai, vaha saba inhI kI saMyoga-dazA kA pariNAma hai| sRSTivAda sApekSavAda se anusAra vizva anAdi-ananta aura sAdi-sAMta hai, dravya kI apekSA se anAdi-ananta hai, paryAya kI apekSA se sAdi-sAMta / loka meM do dravya

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pahale aNDA yA pahale murgI ?. 59 haiM-- cetana aura acetana / donoM anAdi haiM, zAzvata haiM / inakA paurvAparya (anukrama - anupUrvI) sambandha nahIM hai| pahale jIva aura bAda meM ajIva athavA pahale ajIva aura bAda meM jIva - aisA sambandha nahIM hotaa| bIja vRkSa se paidA hotA hai aura vRkSa bIja se paidA hotA hai- ye prathama bhI haiM aura pazcAt bhI, anukrama-sambandha se rahita zAzvata bhAva haiM / inakA prAthamya aura pAzcAtya bhAva nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA / yaha dhruva aMza kI carcA hai| pariNamana kI dRSTi se jagat parivartanazIla hai / parivartana svAbhAvika bhI hotA hai aura vaibhAvika bhii| svAbhAvika parivartana saba padArthoM meM pratikSaNa hotA hai / vaibhAvika parivartana karmabaddha jIva aura pudgala-skandhoM meM hI hotA hai / yahI hai hamArA dRzya jagata | jaina aura bauddha darzana sRSTivAdI nahIM haiM / ve parivartanavAdI haiM / jaina dRSTi ke anusAra dRzya vizva kA parivartana jIva aura pudgala ke saMyoga se hotA hai / parivartana svAbhAvika aura prAyogika donoM prakAra kA hotA hai / svabhAvika parivartana sUkSma hotA hai, isalie vaha dRSTigamya nahIM hotA / prAyogika parivartana sthUla hotA hai, isalie vaha dRSTigamya hotA hai / yahI sRSTi yA dRzya jagat hai / vaha jIva aura pudgala kI sAMyogika avasthAoM ke binA nahIM ho jAtA / vaibhAvika paryAya kI AdhArabhUta zakti do prakAra kI hotI hai-- ogha aura samucita / 'ghAsa meM ghI hai' - yaha ogha zakti hai / 'dUdha meM ghI hai' - yaha samucita zakti hai / oghazakti kArya kI niyAmaka hai-- kAraNa ke anurUpa kArya paidA hogA, anyathA nahIM / samucita zakti kArya kI utpAdaka hai / kAraNa kI samagratA banatI hai aura kArya utpanna ho jAtA hai / jaina- dRSTi ke anusAra vizva eka zilpa- gRha hai / usakI vyavasthA svayaM usI meM samAviSTa niyamoM ke dvArA hotI hai / niyama vaha paddhati hai jo cetana aura acetana pudgala ke vividha jAtIya saMyoga se svayaM prakaTa hotI hai. i parivartana aura vikAsa jIva aura ajIva (dharma-dravya, adharma-dravya, AkAza, kAla aura pudgala) kI samaSTi vizva hai / jIva aura pudgala ke saMyoga se jo vividhatA paidA hotI hai, usakA nAma hai-- sRSTi | jIva aura pudgala meM do prakAra kI avasthAe~ milatI haiM - svabhAva aura vibhAva yA vikAra / parivartana kA nimitta kAla banatA hai / parivartana kA upAdAna svayaM dravya hotA hai / dharma, adharma aura AkAza meM svabhAva parivartana hotA hai| jIva aura pudgala meM

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60 jaina darzana aura saMskRti kAla ke nimitta se hI jo parivartana hotA hai, vaha svabhAva-parivartana kahalAtA hai| jIva ke nimitta se pudgala meM aura pudgala ke nimitta se jIva meM jo parivartana hotA hai, use kahate haiM--vibhAva-parivartana / sthUla dRSTi se hameM do padArtha dikhate haiM, eka sajIva aura dUsarA nirjIva / dUsare zabdoM meM-jIvat-zarIra aura nirjIva zarIra yA jIva-mukta zarIra / AtmA amUrta hai, isalie adRzya hai| pudgala mUrta hone ke kAraNa dRzya avayava hai, para acetana hai| AtmA aura pudgala donoM ke saMyoga se jIvat-zarIra banatA hai| pudgala ke sahayoga ke kAraNa jIva ke jJAna ko kriyAtmaka rUpa milatA hai aura jIva ke sahayoga ke kAraNa pudgala kI jJAnAtmaka pravRttiyA~ hotI haiN| saba jIva cetanA yukta hote haiM kintu cetanA kI pravRtti unhIM ko dikha par3atI hai jo zarIra-sahita hote haiN| saba pudgala rUpa-sahita haiM, phira bhI carmacakSu dvArA ve hI dRzya haiM, jo jIva-yukta yA jIva-mukta zarIra haiN| pudgala do prakAra ke hote haiM--jIva-sahita aura jIva-rahita / zastra-ahata sajIva aura zastra-hata nirjIva hote haiN| jIva aura sthUla zarIra ke viyoga ke nimitta zastra kahalAte haiN| zastra ke dvArA jIva zarIra se alaga hote haiN| jIva ke cale jAne para jo zarIra yA zarIra ke pudgala-skandha hote haiM--ve jIva-mukta zarIra kahalAte haiN| khanija padArtha pRthvIkAyika jIvoM ke zarIra haiN| pAnI apakAyika jIvoM kA zarIra hai| agni taijasakAyika, havA vAyukAyika, tRNa-latA vRkSa Adi vanaspatikAyika aura zeSa saba trasakAyika jIvoM ke zarIra haiN| jIva aura zarIra kA sambandha anAdi-pravAha vAlA hai| vaha jaba taka nahIM TUTatA taba taka pudgala jIva para aura jIva pudgala para apanA-apanA prabhAva DAlate rahate haiN| vastuvRttyA jIva para prabhAva DAlane vAlA kArmaNa zarIra hai| yaha jIva ke vikArI parivartana kA AMtarika kAraNa hai| ise bAhya sthitiyA~ prabhAvita karatI haiN| AThoM vargaNA ke pudagala-samUha samUce loka meM vyApta haiN| jaba taka inakA vyavasthita saMgaThana nahIM banatA taba taka ve svAnukUla pravRtti ke yogya rahatI haiM, kintu use kara nahIM sktii| inakA vyavasthita saMgaThana karane vAle prANI haiN| prANI anAdikAla se kArmaNa vargaNAoM se AveSTita haiN| prANI kA nimnatama vikasita rUpa 'nigoda' hai| nigoda anAdi-vanaspati hai| usake eka-eka zarIra meM ananta-ananta jIva hote haiN| yaha jIvoM kA akSaya koSa hai aura sabakA mUla sthAna hai| nigoda ke jIva ekendriya hote haiN| jo jIva nigoda ko chor3a dUsarI kAya meM nahIM gae, ve 'avyavahAra-rAzi' kahalAte haiM aura nigoda se bAhara nikale jIva 'vyvhaar-raashi'| avyavahAra-rAzi kA tAtparya yaha hai ki una jIvoM ne

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61 pahale aNDA yA pahale murgI ? anAdi-vanaspati ke sivAya aura koI vyavahAra nahIM paayaa| styAnarddhi nidrA (ghoratama nidrA) ke udaya se ye jIva avyakta-cetanA (jaghanyatama caitanyazakti) vAle hote haiN| inameM vikAsa kI koI pravRtti nahIM hotii| avyavahAra-rAzi se bAhara nikalakara prANI vikAsa kI yogyatA ko anukUla sAmagrI pA abhivyakta karatA hai| vikAsa kI antima sthiti hai--zarIra kA atyanta viyoga yA AtmA kI bandhana-mukta dshaa| yaha prayatna-sAdhya hai| nigodIya jIvoM kI nimnatama vikasita dazA svabhAva-siddha hai| sthUla zarIra mRtyu se chUTa jAtA hai, para sUkSma zarIra nahIM chUTate isalie phira prANI ko sthUla-zarIra banAnA par3atA hai kintu jaba sthUla aura sUkSma donoM prakAra ke zarIra chUTa jAte haiM, taba phira zarIra nahIM bntaa| AtmA kI avikasita dazA meM usa para kaSAya kA lepa rahatA hai| isase usameM sva-para kI mithyA kalpanA banatI hai| sva meM para kI dRSTi aura para meM sva kI dRSTi kA nAma hai-mithyAdRSTi / pudgala 'para' hai, vijAtIya hai, bAhya hai| usameM sva kI bhAvanA, Asakti yA anurAga paidA hotA hai athavA ghRNA kI bhAvanA banatI hai| ye donoM AtmA ke Avega yA prakampana haiM athavA pratyeka pravRtti AtmA meM kaMpana paidA karatI hai| inase kArmaNa vargaNAe~ saMgaThita ho AtmA ke sAtha cipaka jAtI haiN| AtmA ko hara samaya ananta-ananta kArmaNa vargaNAe~ AveSTita kie rahatI haiN| nayI kArmaNa vargaNAe~ pahale hI kArmaNa vargaNAoM se rAsAyanika kriyA dvArA ghula-milakara ekameka bana jAtI haiN| saba kArmaNa vargaNAoM kI yogyatA samAna nahIM hotii| kaI cikanI hotI haiM, kaI tIvra rasa vAlI aura kaI manda rasa vAlI, isalie kaI chUkara raha jAtI haiM, kaI gAr3he bandhana meM bandha jAtI haiN| kArmaNa vargaNAe~ karma banate hI apanA prabhAva nahIM ddaaltiiN| AtmA kA AveSTana banane ke bAda jo unheM naI banAvaTa yA nayI zakti milatI hai usakA paripAka hone para ve phala dene yA prabhAva DAlane meM samartha hotI haiN| vedanA cAra prakAra se bhogI jAtI hai| dravya se-jala-vAyu ke anukUla-pratikUla vastu ke saMyoga se| kSetra se-zIta-uSNa Adi anukUla-pratikUla vastu ke saMyoga se| kAla se--garmI meM haijA, sardI meM bukhAra, nimoniyA athavA azubha grahoM ke udaya se| bhAva se--asAta-vedanIya ke udaya se| vedanA kA mUla asAta-vedanIya karma kA udaya hai| jahA~ bhAva se vedanA hai, vahIM dravya, kSetra aura kAla usake (vedanA ke) nimitta banate haiN| bhAva-vedanA ke

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62 jaina darzana aura saMskRti abhAva meM dravyAdi koI asara nahIM DAla sakate / karma paudgalika haiM, ataeva pudgala - sAmagrI usake vipAka yA paripAka meM nimitta banatI hai / karma ke pAsa karma AtA hai| zuddha yA mukta AtmA ke karma nahIM lagatA / karma se bandhI AtmA kA kaSAya-lepa tIvra hotA jAtA hai / tIvra kaSAya tIvra kampana paidA karatA hai aura usake dvArA adhika kArmaNa-vargaNAe~ khIMcI jAtI haiM / isI prakAra pravRtti kA prakampana bhI jaisA tIvra yA manda hotA hai, vaisI hI pracura yA nyUna mAtrA meM unake dvArA kArmaNa-vargaNAoM kA grahaNa hotA hai / pravRtti sat (zubha) aura asat (azubha) donoM prakAra kI hotI haiM / sat se sat karma aura asat se asat karma ba~dhate haiM / yahI saMsAra, janma-mRtyu yA bhava- paramparA hai| isa dazA meM AtmA vikArI rahatI hai isalie usa para anaginata vastuoM aura vastu-sthitiyoM kA asara hotA rahatA hai / asara jo hotA hai, usakA kAraNa AtmA kI apanI vikRta dazA hai / vikArI dazA chUTane para zuddha AtmA para koI vastu prabhAva nahIM DAla sakatI / yaha anubhava siddha bAta hai - a - samabhAvI : vyakti jisameM rAga-dveSa kA prAcurya hotA hai, ko paga-paga para sukha-duHkha satAte haiM / use koI bhI vyakti thor3e meM prasanna aura thor3e meM aprasanna banA detA hai / dUsare kI ceSTAe~ use badalane meM bhArI nimitta banatI haiM / samabhAvI vyakti kI sthiti aisI nahIM hotI / kAraNa yahI hai ki usakI AtmA meM vikAra kI mAtrA kama hai yA usane jJAna dvArA use upazAnta kara rakhA hai / pUrNa vikAsa hone para AtmA pUrNatayA svastha ho jAtI hai, isalie vastu kA usa para koI prabhAva nahIM hotA / zarIra nahIM rahatA, taba usake mAdhyama se hone vAlI saMvedanA bhI nahIM rahatI / AtmA sahajavRttyA aprakaMpita hai / usameM kaMpana zarIra-saMyoga se hotA hai / a-zarIra hone para vaha nahIM hotA / zuddha AtmA kA svarUpa zuddha AtmA ke svarUpa kI pahacAna ke lie ATha mukhya tattva haiM 1. ananta jJAna -- sahaja samutpanna abAdha Atma-jJAna jo indriya yA bAhya sAdhanoM ke apekSA binA tathA binA kisI rukAvaTa sIdhe hI samasta dravyoM aura paryAyoM ko jAna letA hai / 2. ananta - darzana -- ananta jJAna kI taraha jo samasta dravyoM aura paryAyoM ko dekha letA hai / 3. kSAyaka samyaktva - sadA-sadA ke lie prApta samyak dRSTi, jisase yathArtha ke prati sahaja zraddhA banI rahatI hai /

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pahale aNDA yA pahale murgI ? 4. ananta zakti--AtmA meM vidyamAna sahaja ananta zakti kA abAdha srota udghATita ho jAtA hai jo saMsAra kI kisI bhI prakAra kI zakti se atulanIya hai| . 5. sahaja Ananda-AtmA meM vidyamAna sahaja nirapekSa ananta Ananda kA srota udghATita ho jAtA hai, jo paudgalika sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti se pare hai| 6. aTala avagAha-AkAza pradezoM kA niyata avagAhana jo zAzvata banA rahatA hai| janma-mRtyu ke cakra se sadA-sadA ke lie mukti / 7. amUrtikapana--AtmA ke sahaja amUrta svabhAva kA prakaTIkaraNa yAnI anAdikAlIna karma-saMyogoM ke kAraNa hone vAle mUrtatva (rUpa) kI sadA-sadA ke lie samApti / 8. aguru-laghu bhAva-karma-saMyoga se niSpanna gurutva-laghutva, hIna-adhika, nimna-ucca Adi bhAvoM se sadA-sadA ke lie mukti / AtmA ke sahaja sama svabhAva kA jaagrnn| AtmA kI anubuddha-dazA (ajJAna-dazA) meM karma-vargaNAe~ ina AtmazaktiyoM ko dabAe rakhatI haiM--inheM pUrNa vikasita nahIM hone detii| bhavasthiti pakane para karma-vargaNAe~ ghisatI-ghisatI balahIna ho jAtI haiM, taba AtmA meM kucha sahaja buddhi 1 jAgatI hai| yahIM se Atma-vikAsa kA krama zurU hotA hai| taba se dRSTi yathArtha banatI hai, samyaktva prApta hotA hai| yaha Atma-jAgaraNa kA pahalA sopAna hai| isameM AtmA apane rUpa ko 'sva' aura bAhya vastuoM ko 'para' jAna hI nahIM letI kintu usakI sahaja zraddhA bhI vaisI hI bana jAtI hai isalie isa dazA vAlI AtmA ko antar-AtmA, samyakdRSTi yA samyaktvI kahate haiN| inase pahale kI dazA meM vaha bahir AtmA, mithyAdRSTi yA mithyAtvI kahalAtI hai| __isa jAgaraNa ke bAda AtmA apanI mukti ke lie Age bar3hatI hai| samyak darzana aura samyak jJAna ke sahAre vaha samyak cAritra kA bala bar3hAtI hai| jyoM-jyoM cAritra kA bala bar3hatA hai, tyoM-tyoM karma-vargaNAoM kA AkarSaNa kama hotA jAtA hai| sat pravRtti yA ahiMsAtmaka pravRtti se pahale baMdhe karma zithila ho jAte haiN| calate-calate aisI vizuddhi bar3hatI hai ki AtmA zarIra-dazA meM bhI nirAvaraNa bana jAtI hai| jJAna, darzana, vItarAga-bhAva aura zakti kA pUrNa yA bAdhAhIna yA bAhya vastuoM se aprabhAvita vikAsa ho jAtA hai| isa dazA meM bhava yA zeSa AyuSya ko TikAe rakhane vAle cAra karma-bhavopagrAhI karma' bAkI rahate haiN| jIvana ke anta meM ye bhI TUTa jAte haiN| AtmA pUrNa mukta yA bAharI prabhAvoM se 1. vedanIya, AyuSya, nAma aura gotra karma /

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64 jaina darzana aura saMskRti sarvathA rahita ho jAtI hai| tumbA jaise pAnI para tairane laga jAtA hai, vaise hI bandhanamukta AtmA loka ke agrabhAga meM avasthita ho jAtI hai| mukta AtmA meM . vaibhAvika parivartana nahIM hotA, svAbhAvika parivartana avazya hotA hai| vaha vastumAtra kA avazyambhAvI dharma hai| parivartana aura vikAsa kI maryAdA satya kI vyAkhyA anekAntadRSTi se hI ho sakatI hai| parivartana vizva-vyavasthA kA eka aMga hai| kintu vizva-vyavasthA para unakA pUrNa niyantraNa nahIM hai.| vizva ke aMcala meM zAzvata (aMcala) tattva bhI vidyamAna hai| __ kucha kArya pravRtti-janita haiM, kucha naisargika haiN| isa bahurUpI vyavasthA ke rahasyoM ko udghATita karane ke lie jaina darzana ne kucha siddhAnta pratipAdita kie haiM, unakA jJAna bahuta upayogI hai| asambhAvya-kArya 1. ajIva ko jIva nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| 2. jIva ko ajIva nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| 3. eka 'samaya' meM do bhASA (satya, asatya, mizra, vyavahAra-ina cAra bhASAoM meM se) nahIM bolI jA sktii| 4. apane kie karmoM ke phaloM ko icchA-adhIna nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 5. vAstavika paramANu nahIM tor3A jA sktaa| 6. aloka meM nahIM jAyA jA sktaa| sarvajJa yA viziSTa yogI (atIndriyajJAnI) ke sivAya koI bhI vyakti ina tattvoM kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM kara sakatA1. dharma (gti-tttv)| 2. adharma (sthiti-tttv)| 3. aakaash| 4. zarIra-rahita jiiv| 5. paramANu / 6. shbd| samasyA aura samAdhAna loka zAzvata hai yA azAzvata? AtmA zAzvata hai yA azAzvata? AtmA zarIra se bhinna hai yA abhinna? jIvoM meM jo bheda hai, vaha karmakRta hai yA anyakRta? karma kA kartA aura bhoktA svayaM jIva hai yA anya koI? ve aneka samasyAe~ haiM, jo manuSya ko saMdigdha kie rahatI haiN|

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65 pahale aNDA yA pahale murgI ? 1. AtmA zAzvata hai, to vinAza aura parivartana kaise? yadi vaha azAzvata hai, to atIta, anAgata, navIna, purAtana Adi-Adi bheda kaise? . 2. AtmA zAzvata hai, to mRtyu kaise? yadi azAzvata hai, to vibhinna caitanya-santati kI ekAtmakatA kaise? 3. AtmA zarIra se bhinna hai, to zarIra meM sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti kaise? yadi vaha zarIra se abhinna hai, to zarIra aura AtmA-ye do padArtha kyoM? 4. jIvoM kI vicitratA karma-kRta hai, to sAmyavAda kaise? yadi vaha anyakRta hai, to karmavAda kyoM? 5. karma kA kartA aura bhoktA yadi jIva hI hai, to bure karma aura usake phala kA upabhoga kaise? yadi jIva kartA-bhoktA nahIM hai, to karma aura karma-phala se usakA sambandha kaise? ina samasyAoM kA samAdhAna jaina dArzanikoM ne isa prakAra kiyA hai 1. loka zAzvata bhI hai aura azAzvata bhii| kAla kI apekSA se loka zAzvata hai| aisA koI kAla nahIM, jisameM loka kA astitva na mile| trikAla meM vaha ekarUpa nahIM rahatA, isalie vaha azAzvata bhI hai| jo ekAMtata: zAzvata hotA hai, usameM parivartana nahIM ho sakatA, isalie vaha azAzvata hai| jo ekAntataH azAzvata hotA hai, usameM anvayI-sambandha nahIM ho sktaa| pahale- kSaNa meM hone vAlA loka dUsare kSaNa atyanta ucchinna ho jAe, to phira 'vartamAna' ke atirikta atIta, anAgata Adi kA bheda nahIM ghtttaa| koI dhruva padArtha ho--trikAla meM TikA rahe, tabhI vaha thA, hai aura rahegA-yoM kahA jA sakatA hai| padArtha yadi kSaNa-vinAzI hI ho, to atIta (bhUta) aura anAgata (bhaviSya) ke bheda kA koI AdhAra hI nahIM rahatA isalie vibhinna paryAyoM ke bAvajUda bhI 'loka zAzvata hai' yaha mAne binA bhI sthiti spaSTa nahIM hotii| 2. AtmA ke lie bhI yahI bAta hai| vaha zAzvata aura azAzvata donoM dravyatva kI dRSTi se zAzvata hai-AtmA pUrva aura uttara sabhI kSaNoM meM rahatI hai, anvayI hai, caitanya-paryAyoM kA saMkalanakartA hai| paryAya kI dRSTi se azAzvata hai--vibhinna rUpoM meM-eka zarIra se dUsare zarIra meM, eka avasthA se dUsarI avasthA meM usakA pariNamana hotA hai| 3. AtmA zarIra se bhinna bhI hai, abhinna bhii| svarUpa kI dRSTi se bhinna hai aura saMyoga evaM upakAra kI dRSTi se abhinn| AtmA kA svarUpa caitanya hai aura zarIra kA svarUpa jar3a; isalie ye donoM bhinna haiN| saMsArAvasthA meM AtmA aura

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66 jaina darzana aura saMskRti zarIra kA dUdha-pAnI kI taraha, loha-agnipiNDa kI taraha ekAtmya saMyoga hotA hai, isalie zarIra se kisI vastu kA sparza hone para AtmA meM saMvedana hotA hai| 4. eka jIva kI sthiti dUsare jIva se bhinna hai| usakA kAraNa karma avazya haiM, kintu kevala karma hI nahIM, usake atirikta kAla, svabhAva, niyati, udyoga Adi aneka tattva haiN| karma do prakAra kA hotA hai-sopakrama aura nirupakrama athavA sApekSa aura nirapekSa / phala-kAla meM kaI karma bAharI sthitiyoM kI apekSA nahIM rakhate aura kaI rakhate haiN| kaI karma vipAka ke anukUla sAmagrI milane para phala dete haiM aura kaI usake binA bhii| karmodaya anekavidha hotA hai, isalie karmavAda kA sAmyavAda se virodha nahIM hai| karmodaya kI sAmagrI samAna hone para prANiyoM kI sthiti bahuta kucha samAna ho sakatI hai, hotI bhI hai| jaina sUtroM meM kalpAtIta devatAoM kI samAna sthiti kA jo varNana hai, vaha Aja ke isa sAmyavAda se kahIM adhika romAMcakArI hai| kalpAtIta devoM kI Rddhi, dyuti, yaza, bala, anubhAva, sukha Adi samAna hotA hai, unameM na koI svAmI hotA hai aura na koI sevaka, ve saba ahamindra-svayaM indra haiN| aneka dezoM meM tathA samUce bhU-bhAga meM yadi khAna-pAna, rahana-sahana, rIti-rivAja samAna ho jAe~, svAmI-sevaka kA bheda-bhAva miTa jAe, rAjya-sattA jaisI koI kendrita zakti na rahe, to usase karmavAda kI sthiti meM koI AMca nahIM aatii| roTI kI sulabhatA se hI viSamatA nahIM mitttii| prANiyoM meM vividha prakAra kI gati, jAti, zarIra, aMgopAMga saMbaMdhI visadRzatA hai| usakA kAraNa unake apane vibhinna karma hI haiN| eka pazu hai to eka manuSya, eka do indriyavAlA kRmi hai to eka pA~ca indriyavAlA mnussy| yaha viSamatA vanyoM? isakA kAraNa svopArjita karma ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM ho sktaa| 5. mukta AtmAe~ karma kI kartA, bhoktA kucha bhI nahIM haiN| baddha AtmAe~ karma karatI haiM aura unakA phala bhogatI haiN| unake karma kA pravAha anAdi hai aura vaha karma-mUla naSTa na hone taka calatA rahatA hai| AtmA svayaM kartA-bhovatA hokara bhI jina karmoM kA phala aniSTa ho, vaise karma kyoM kare aura kara bhI le to usakA aniSTa phala svayaM kyoM bhoge? isa prazna ke mUla meM hI bhUla hai| AtmA meM kartRvyazakti hai, usI se vaha karma nahIM karatI; kintu usake pIche rAga-dveSa, svatva-paratva kI prabala preraNA hotI hai| pUrvakarma-janita vega se AtmA pUrNatayA dabatI nahIM, to saba jagaha use TAla bhI nahIM sktii| eka burA karma Age ke lie bhI AtmA meM burI preraNA chor3a detA hai| bhoktRtva-zakti kI bhI yahI bAta hai| AtmA meM burA phala bhogane kI cAha nahIM hotI, para burA yA bhalA phala cAha

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.67 pahale aNDA yA pahale murgI ? ke anusAra nahIM milatA, vaha pahale kI kriyA ke anusAra milatA hai| kriyA kI / pratikriyA hotI hai-yaha svAbhAvika bAta hai| viSa khAne vAlA yaha na cAhe ki maiM marUM, phira bhI usakI mauta Tala nahIM sktii| kAraNa ki viSa kriyA usakI icchA para nirbhara nahIM hai, vaha usakI khAne kI kriyA para nirbhara hai| abhyAsa 1. pahale aNDA yA murgI?--isa prazna kA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kyA samAdhAna diyA? 2. loka aura aloka ke svarUpa ko apane zabdoM meM smjhaaie| 3. sRSTivAda kI vibhinna avadhAraNAoM ko prastuta kreN| 4. jaina darzana kI anAdi-ananta vizva kI mAnyatA ko siddha kreN| 5. vizva meM calane vAle parivartana aura vikAsa kI vyAkhyA jaina-darzana kaise karatA hai? jhaaie| DOD

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vizva : vikAsa aura hrAsa jIvana-pravAha ke bAre meM aneka dhAraNAe~ haiN| bahata sAre ise anAdi-ananta mAnate haiM to bahuta sAre sAdi-sAMta / jIvana-pravAha ko anAdi-anaMta mAnane vAloM kI usakI utpatti para vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| caitanya kaba, kaise aura kisase utpanna huA--ye samasyAe~ unheM satAtI haiM jo asat se sat kI utpatti svIkAra karate haiN| 'upAdAna' kI. maryAdAoM ko svIkAra karane vAle asat se sat kI utpatti nahIM mAna skte| niyAmakatA kI dRSTi se aisA honA bhI nahIM cAhie, anyathA samajha se pare kI avasthA utpanna ho jAtI hai| jaina dRSTi ke anusAra yaha jagat anAdi-anaMta hai| isakI mAtrA na ghaTatI hai, na bar3hatI hai, kevala rUpAntara hotA hai| .. vizva-sthiti kA mUla sUtra vizva-sthiti ke AdhArabhUta kucha mahattvapUrNa sUtra isa prakAra haiM1. pUrvajanma-jIva mara kara bAra-bAra janma lete haiN| 2. karmabandha-jIva sadA (pravAharUpeNa anAdikAla se) karma bAMdhate haiN| 3. mohanIya-karmabandha-jIva sadA (pravAharUpeNa anAdikAla se) nirantara mohanIya karma bAMdhate haiN| 4. jIva-ajIva kA atyantAbhAva-aisA na to huA, na bhAvya hai aura na hogA ki jIva-ajIva ho jAe aura ajIva jIva ho jaae| 5. trasa-sthAvara-aviccheda-aisA na to huA, na bhAvya hai aura na hogA ki sabhI trasa (calane-phirane vAle) jIva sthAvara (gamana karane meM asamartha) bana jAe~ yA sabhI sthAvara jIva trasa bana jAe~ yA sabhI jIva kevala trasa yA kevala sthAvara ho jaaeN| 6. lokAloka pRthaktva-aisA na huA, na bhAvya hai aura na hogA ki loka aloka ho jAe aura aloka loka ho jaae| 7. lokAloka anyonyA'praveza-aisA na to huA, na bhAvya hai aura na hogA ki loka aloka meM praveza kare aura aloka loka meM praveza kare /

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vizva : vikAsa aura hrAsa 8. loka aura jIvoM kA AdhAra-Adheya sambandha-jitane kSetra kA nAma loka hai, utane kSetra meM jIva haiM aura jitane kSetra meM jIva haiM, utane kSetra kA nAma loka hai| 9. loka-maryAdA-jitane kSetra meM jIva aura pudgala gati kara sakate haiM, utanA kSetra 'loka' hai aura jitanA kSetra 'loka' hai utane kSetra meM jIva aura pudgala gati kara sakate haiN| 10. aloka-gati-kAraNAbhAva-loka ke saba antima bhAgoM meM pudgala svabhAva se hI rUkSa hote haiN| ve gati meM sahAyatA karane kI sthiti meM saMgaThita nahIM ho skte| unakI sahAyatA ke binA jIva aloka meM gati nahIM kara skte| vikAsa aura hrAsa _ vikAsa aura hrAsa-ye parivartana ke mukhya pahalU haiN| ekAntanitya-sthiti meM na vikAsa ho sakatA hai aura na hrAsa / pariNAmI nityatva ke anusAra ye donoM ho sakate haiN| vikAsa aura hrAsa jIva aura pudgala--ina do dravyoM meM hotA hai| jIva kA antima vikAsa hai-mukt-dshaa| yahA~ pahuMcane para phira hrAsa nahIM hotaa| isase pahale AdhyAtmika krama-vikAsa kI jo caudaha bhUmikAe~ haiM, unameM AThavIM (kSapaka zreNI) bhUmikA para pahuMcane ke bAda mukta banane se pahale kSaNa taka kramika vikAsa hotA hai| isase pahale vikAsa aura hrAsa-ye donoM calate haiN| kabhI hrAsa se vikAsa aura kabhI vikAsa se hrAsa hotA rahatA hai| vikAsa-dazAe~ ye haiM 1. avyavahAra rAzi.....sAdhAraNa-vanaspati (eka zarIra meM ananta jiiv)| 2. vyavahAra rAzi......pratyeka vanaspati (eka zarIra meM eka jIva) saadhaarnn-vnspti| (ka) ekendriya .........sAdhAraNa-vanaspati, pratyeka vanaspati, pRthvI, pAnI, tejas, vAyu / (kha) dvindriyaM / (ga) triindriy| (gha) cturindriy| (Ga) paMcendriya......amanaska, smnsk| pratyeka prANI ina sabako kramaza: pAra karake Age bar3hatA hai, yaha bAta nhiiN| inakA utkramaNa bhI hotA hai| yaha prANiyoM kI yogyatA kA krama hai, utkrAnti kA krama nhiiN| utkramaNa aura apakramaNa jIvoM kI AdhyAtmika yogyatA aura sahayogI paristhitiyoM ke samanvaya para nirbhara hai|

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti I dhyeya kI ora bar3hane se jIva kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa hotA hai -- aisI kucha dArzanikoM kI mAnyatA hai kintu ye dArzanika vicAra bhI bAhya preraNA haiN| AtmA svataH sphUrta hai / vaha dhyeya kI ora bar3hane ke lie bAdhya nahIM, svataMtra hai / dhyeya kI ucita rIti samajha lene ke bAda vaha usakI ora bar3hane kA prayatna kara sakatI hai / ucita sAmagrI milane para vaha prayatna saphala bhI ho sakatA hai kintu 'dhyeya kI ora pragati' kA yaha sarvasAmAnya niyama nahIM hai / yaha kAla, svabhAva, niyati, udyoga Adi vizeSa sAmagrI - sApekSa hai / 70 vaijJAnika vikAsavAda bAhya sthitiyoM kA Akalana hai / atIta kI apekSA vikAsa kI paramparA Age bar3hatI hai, yaha nizcita satya nahIM hai / kinhIM kA vikAsa huA hai to kinhIM kA hrAsa bhI huA hai / atIta ne nayI AkRtiyoM kI paramparA ko Age bar3hAyA hai, to vartamAna ne purAne rUpoM ko apanI goda meM sameTA bhI hai isalie akele avasara kI dI huI adhika svatantratA mAnya nahIM ho sktii| vikAsa bAhya paristhati dvArA paricAlita ho, to vaha svatantra nahIM ho sakatI / paristhiti kA dAsa banakara AtmA kabhI apanA vikAsa nahIM sAdha sakatI / do sadA calate haiM / inake ye / pudgala kI zaktiyoM kA vikAsa aura hAsa -- vikAsa yA hrAsa kA niravadhika carama rUpa nahIM hai zakti kI dRSTi se eka paudgalika skandha meM ananta - guNa tAratamya ho jAtA hai| AkAra - racanA kI dRSTi se eka-eka paramANu milakara anantapradezI skaMdha bana jAtA hai aura phira ve bikharakara eka-eka paramANu bana jAte haiM / pudgala acetana hai, isalie usakA vikAsa yA hrAsa caitanya - prerita nahIM hotA / jIva ke vikAsa yA hrAsa kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki usameM caitanya hotA hai, isalie usake vikAsa - hrAsa meM bAharI preraNA ke atirikta AMtarika preraNA bhI hotI hai| jIva (caitanya) aura zarIra kA lolIbhUta saMzleSa hotA hai, isalie AMtarika preraNA ke do rUpa bana jAte haiM-- Atma-janita aura zarIra-janita / Atma-janita AMtarika preraNA se AdhyAtmika vikAsa hotA hai aura zarIra-janita se zArIrika vikAsa | zarIra pA~ca haiN| unameM do sUkSma haiM aura tIna sthUla / sUkSma zarIra sthUla zarIra kA preraka hotA hai| isakI vargaNAe~ zubha-azubha donoM prakAra kI hotI haiM / zubha vargaNAoM ke udaya se paudgalika yA zArIrika vikAsa hotA hai aura azubha vargaNAoM ke udaya se Atma- cetanA kA hrAsa, AvaraNa aura zArIrika sthiti kA bhI hrAsa hotA hai /

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vizva : vikAsa aura hrAsa 71 / jaina-dRSTi ke anusAra cetanA aura acetana-pudgala-saMyogAtmaka sRSTi kA vikAsa kramika hI hotA hai, aisA nahIM hai| vikAsa aura hrAsa ke kAraNa cetanA ke vyaktiza: vikAsa aura hrAsa kA mukhya kAraNa hai Antarika preraNA yA AMtarika sthiti yA AMtarika yogyatA aura sahAyaka kAraNa hai bAharI sthiti / bAharI sthitiyA~ kevala AMtarika vRttiyoM ko jagAtI haiM, unakA naye sire se nirmANa nahIM krtiiN| cetana meM yogyatA hotI hai, vahI bAharI sthiti kA sahArA pA vikasita ho jAtI hai| 1. antaraMga yogyatA aura bahiraMga anukUlatA-kArya utpanna hotA hai| 2. antaraMga ayogyatA, bahiraMga anukUlatA-kArya utpanna nahIM hotaa| 3. antaraMga yogyatA, bahiraMga pratikUlatA-kArya utpanna nahIM hotaa| 4. antaraMga ayogyatA, bahiraMga pratikUlatA-kArya utpanna nahIM hotaa| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki jo siddhAnta kevala bAharI sthitiyoM ko mahattva detA hai, vaha upayukta nahIM hai| pratyeka prANI meM dasa saMjJAe~ hotI haiM-krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha, loka aura ogha / (saMjJAoM ke bAre meM Age carcA kI gaI hai)| ina saMjJAoM ke sAtha sahaja hI jIvana-sukha kI kucha AkAMkSAe~ yA eSaNAe~ bhI hotI haiM jinameM tIna eSaNAe~ mukhya haiM 1. prANaiSaNA-maiM jIvita rhuuN| 2. putraiSaNA-merI saMtati cle| 3. vittaiSaNA-maiM dhanI banUM / artha aura kAma kI isa AMtarika preraNA tathA bhUkha, pyAsa, ThaMDaka, garmI Adi-Adi bAharI sthitiyoM ke prabhAva se prANI kI bahirmukhI vRttiyoM kA vikAsa hotA hai| yaha eka jIvanagata-vikAsa kI sthiti hai| vikAsa kA pravAha bhI calatA hai| eka pIr3hI kA vikAsa dUsarI pIr3hI ko anAyAsa mila jAtA hai kintu udbhid-jagat se lekara manuSya-jagat taka kA jo vikAsa hai, vaha pahalI pIr3hI ke vikAsa kI dena nahIM hai| yaha vyakti-vikAsa kI svatantra gati hai| udbhid-jagat se bhinna jAtiyA~ usakI zAkhAe~ nahIM, kintu svatantra haiN| udbhid jAti kA eka jIva punarjanma ke mAdhyama se manuSya bana sakatA hai| yaha jAtigata vikAsa nahIM, vyaktigata vikAsa hai|

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-72 jaina darzana aura saMskRti vikAsa hotA hai, isameM DArvina kA vikAsavAda aura jaina-dRSTi-donoM vicAra eka rekhA para haiM kintu donoM kI prakriyA bhinna hai| DArvina ke vikAsavAda meM kevala prajAtIya vikAsa ke krama kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| jaina darzana ne vyakti-vikAsa kI saMbhAvanAoM ko abhivyakti dI hai| DArvina ne vikAsavAda meM vyaktiza: jIva ke vikAsa-hAsa kI koI carcA nahIM kI hai| DArvina ko AtmA aura karma kI yogyatA jJAta hotI to unakA dhyAna kevala jAti, jo ki bAharI vastu hai, ke vikAsa kI ora nahIM jaataa| Antarika yogyatA kI kamI hone para eka manuSya phira se udbhid jAti meM jA sakatA hai, yaha vyaktigata hrAsa hai| prANi-vibhAga gamana-kSamatA ke AdhAra para jaina darzana meM prANiyoM ke vargIkaraNa vibhinna dRSTiyoM se kie gae haiN| prANI do prakAra hote haiM--cara yA trasa aura acara yA sthaavr| acara prANI pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM--pRthvIkAya, apkAya, tejaskAya, vAyukAya aura vnsptikaay| cara prANiyoM ke ATha bheda hote haiM-1. aNDaja, 2. potaja, 3. jarAyuja, 4. rasaja, 5. saMsvedaja, 6. sammUrcchima, 7. udbhid, 8. uppaatj| inameM aNDaja, potaja aura jarAyuja garbhaja kahalAte haiN| rasaja, saMsvedaja, sammUrchima aura udbhid 'sammUrchana' kahalAte haiN| 1. aNDaja-aNDoM se utpanna hone vAle prANI aNDaja kahalAte haiN| jaise--sAMpa, machalI, pakSI-kabUtara, haMsa, kAka, mora Adi jantu / / - 2. potaja-jo jIva khule aMga se utpanna hote haiM, ve potaja kahalAte haiN| jaise-hAthI, nakula, cUhA, bagulA aadi| 3. jarAyujaM-jarAyuja eka taraha kA jAla jaisA rakta evaM mAMsa se lathar3A huA AvaraNa hotA hai aura janma ke samaya vaha bacce ke zarIra para lipaTA huA rahatA hai| aise janma vAle prANI jarAyuja kahalAte haiN| jaise--manuSya, gAya, bhaiMsa, U~Ta, ghor3A, mRga, siMha, rIcha, kuttA, billI Adi / 4. rasaja-madya Adi tarala (rasa) padArthoM meM jo kiNvana (fermentation) kI kriyA ke daurAna kRmi utpanna hote haiM, ve rasaja kahalAte haiN| 5. saMsvedaja-sveda (pasIne) meM utpanna hone vAle saMsvedaja kahalAte haiN| jaise-jU aadi| 6. sammUrcchima-garbha-dhAraNa ke binA upayukta sAmagrI meM rakhe gae aMDe Adi se jo utpanna ho jAte haiM, ve sammUrchima haiN| inakA utpatti-sthAna niyata nahIM hotaa| jaise-cIMTI, makkhI aadi|

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vizva : vikAsa aura hrAsa 73 7. udbhid-sammUrchima prANiyoM meM jo bhUmi ko bhedakara nikalane vAle prANI hote haiM, ve udbhid kahalAte haiN| jaise-TiDDI aadi| 8. upapAtaja-zayyA evaM kumbhI meM utpanna hone vAle upapAtaja haiN| jaise-devatA, naark| utpatti-sthAna saba prakAra ke prANI (jinheM bhUta, jIva aura sattva bhI kahA jAtA hai) nAnA prakAra kI yoniyoM meM utpanna hote haiM, vahIM rahate haiM aura vRddhi ko prApta karate haiN| ve zarIra se utpanna hote haiM, zarIra meM rahate haiM, zarIra meM vRddhi ko prApta karate haiM aura zarIra kA hI AhAra karate haiN| ve karma ke anugAmI haiN| karma hI unakI utpatti, sthiti aura gati kA Adi kAraNa hai| ve karma ke prabhAva se hI vibhinna avasthAoM ko prApta karate haiN| prANiyoM ke utpatti-sthAna 84 lAkha haiM aura unake 'kula' (yoni kA upavarga) eka karor3a sAr3he sattAnave lAkha (1,97,50,000) haiN| eka utpatti-sthAna meM aneka kula hote haiN| jaise-gobara eka hI yoni hai aura usameM kRmi-kula, kITa-kula, vRzcika kula Adi aneka kula haiN| utpatti-sthAna evaM kula-koTi ke adhyayana se jAnA jAtA hai ki prANiyoM kI vividhatA evaM bhinnatA kA honA asaMbhava nahIM / sthAvara-jagat trasa jIvoM meM gati, agati, bhASA, icchA-vyavantIkaraNa Adi-Adi caitanya ke spaSTa cihna pratIta hote haiM, isalie unakI sacetanatA meM koI saMdeha nahIM hotaa| sthAvara jIvoM meM jIva ke vyAvahArika lakSaNa spaSTa pratIta nahIM hote, isalie unakI sajIvatA cakSugamya nahIM hai| jaina sUtra batAte haiM-pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati-ye pA~coM sthAvara kAya sajIva haiN| isakA AdhArabhUta siddhAnta yaha hai-hameM jitane pudagala dIkhate haiM, ye saba jIvat-zarIra yA jIva-mukta zarIra haiN| jina pudgala-svaMdhoM ko jIva apane zarIra-rUpa meM pariNata kara lete haiM, unhIM ko hama dekha sakate haiM, dUsaroM ko nahIM / pA~ca-sthAvara ke rUpa meM pariNata pudagala dRzya haiN| isase pramANita hotA hai ki ye sajIva haiN| jisa prakAra manuSya kA zarIra utpattikAla meM sajIva hI hotA hai, usI prakAra pRthvI Adi ke zarIra bhI prArambha se sajIva hI hote haiN| jisa prakAra svAbhAvika athavA prAyogika mRtyu se manSya-zarIra nirjIva yA AtmA-rahita ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra pRthvI Adi ke zarIra bhI svAbhAvika yA prAyogika mRtyu se nirjIva bana jAte haiN|

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74 jaina darzana aura saMskRti inakI sajIvatA kA bodha karAne ke lie pUrvavartI AcAryoM ne tulanAtmaka yuktiyA~ bhI prastuta kI haiN| jaise 1. manuSya-zarIra meM samAnajAtIya mAMsAMkura paidA hote haiM, vaise hI pRthvI meM bhI samAnajAtIya aMkura paidA hote haiM isalie vaha sajIva hai| 2. aNDe kA pravAhI rasa sajIva hotA hai| pAnI bhI pravAhI hai, isalie sajIva hai| garbhakAla ke prArambha meM manuSya tarala hotA hai, vaise hI pAnI tarala hai, isalie sajIva hai| 3. juganU kA prakAza aura manuSya ke zarIra meM jvarAvasthA meM hone vAlA tApa jIva-saMyogI hai| vaise hI agni kA prakAza aura tApa jIva-saMyogI hai| AhAra ke bhAva aura abhAva meM hone vAlI vRddhi aura hAni kI apekSA se manuSya aura agni kI samAna sthiti hai| donoM kA jIvana vAyu sApekSa hai| vAyu ke binA manuSya nahIM jItA, vaise agni bhI nahIM jiitii| manuSya meM jaise prANavAyu (AksIjana) kA grahaNa aura viSavAyu (kArbana-DAI-AksAiDa) kA utsarga hotA hai, vaise agni meM bhI hotA hai isalie vaha manuSya kI bhAMti sajIva hai| sUrya kA prakAza bhI jIva-saMyogI hai| sUrya 'Atapa' nAmakarmodayayukta pRthvIkAyika jIvoM kA zarIra-piNDa hai| 4. vAyu meM vyakta prANI kI bhAMti aniyamita svaprerita gati hotI hai| isase usakI sacetanatA kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| sthUla pudgala-skaMdhoM meM aniyamita gati para-preraNA se hotI hai, svayaM nhiiN| __ pRthvI, pAnI, agni aura vAyu-ye cAra jIva-nikAya haiN| inameM se pratyeka meM asaMkhya-asaMkhya jIva haiN| miTTI kA choTA-sA eka DhelA, pAnI kI eka bUMda, agni kI eka cinagArI, vAyu kA eka sUkSma bhAga-ye saba asaMkhya jIvoM ke asaMkhya zarIroM ke piNDa haiN| inake eka jIva kA eka zarIra ati-sUkSma hotA hai, isalie vaha dRSTi kA viSaya nahIM bntaa| hama inake piNDIbhUta asaMkhya zarIroM ko dekha sakate haiN| 5. vanaspati kA caitanya pUrvavartI nikAyoM se spaSTa hai| ise jainetara dArzanika bhI sajIva mAnate Ae haiM aura vaijJAnika jagat meM bhI inake caitanya sambandhI vividhna parIkSaNa hue haiN| betAra kI taraMgoM (wireless waves) ke bAre meM anveSaNa karate samaya jagadIzacandra basu ko yaha anubhava huA ki dhAtuoM ke paramANu para bhI adhika dabAva par3hane se rukAvaTa AtI hai aura unheM phira uttejita karane para vaha dUra ho jAtI hai| unhoMne sUkSma chAnabIna ke bAda batAyA ki dhAnya Adi padArtha bhI thakate haiM, caMcala hote haiM, viSa se murajhAte haiM, naze meM masta hote

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vizva : vikAsa aura hAsa 75 haiM, aura marate haiM / anta meM unhoMne yaha pramANita kiyA ki saMsAra ke sabhI padArtha sacetana haiM / 1 vedAnta kI bhASA meM sabhI padArthoM meM eka hI cetana pravAhita ho rahA hai jaina darzana kI bhASA meM samUcA saMsAra ananta jIvoM meM vyApta hai / eka aNu - mAtra pradeza bhI jIvoM se khAlI nahIM hai / vanaspati kI sacetanatA siddha karate hue usakI manuSya ke sAtha tulanA kI gaI hai| jaise manuSya - zarIra jAti (janma) - dharmaka hai, vaise vanaspati bhI jAti-dharmaka hai / jaise manuSya- zarIra bAlaka, yuvaka tathA vRddha avasthA prApta karatA hai, vaise vanaspati zarIra bhI / jaise manuSya sacetana hai, vaise vanaspati bhI / jaise manuSya zarIra chedana karane se malina ho jAtA hai, vaise vanaspati kA zarIra bhI / jaise manuSya zarIra AhAra karane vAlA hai, vaise hI vanaspati zarIra bhI / jaise manuSya zarIra anitya hai, vaise vanaspati kA zarIra bhI / jaise manuSya kA zarIra azAzvata hai (pratikSaNa maratA hai), vaise hI vanaspati ke zarIra kI bhI pratikSaNa mRtyu hotI hai / jaise manuSya - zarIra meM iSTa aura aniSTa AhAra kI prApti se vRddhi aura hAni hotI hai, vaise hI vanaspati ke zarIra meM bhI / jaise manuSya- zarIra vividha pariNamana-yukta hai arthAt rogoM ke samparka se pANDutva (phIkApana) vRddhi, sUjana, kRzatA, chidra Adi yukta ho jAtA hai aura auSadhi sevana se kAMti, bala, puSTi Adi yukta ho jAtA hai, vaise vanaspati-zarIra bhI nAnA prakAra ke rogoM se grasta hokara puSpa, phala aura tvacA-vihIna ho jAtA hai aura auSadhi ke saMyoga se puSpa, phalAdi yukta ho jAtA hai, ata: vanaspati cetanAyukta hai 1 vanaspati ke jIvoM meM bhI avyakta rUpa se AhAra Adi dasa saMjJA kA artha hai-- anubhv| inako siddha karane ke lie TIkAkAroM ne upayukta udAharaNa bhI khoja nikAle haiN| vRkSa jala kA AhAra to karate hI haiN| isake sivAya 'amara bela' apane Asa-pAsa hone vAle vRkSoM kA sAra khIMca letI hai| kaI vRkSa rakta zoSaka bhI hote haiM isalie vanaspati meM AhAra - saMjJA hotI hai / 'chuI-muI' Adi sparza ke bhaya se sikur3a jAtI hai, isalie vanaspati meM bhaya - saMjJA hotI hai / 'kurubaka' nAmaka vRkSa strI ke AliMgana se pallavita ho jAtA hai aura vanaspati meM maithuna-saMjJA hai| latAe~ apane tantuoM se vRkSa ko veSTita kara letI haiM, isalie vanaspati meM parigraha-saMjJA hai / 'kokanada' (raktotpala) kA kaMda krodha se huMkAra karatA hai / 'sidatI' nAma kI bela mAna se jharane laga jAtI hai / latAe~ apane phaloM ko mAyA se DhAMka letI haiN| bilva aura palAza Adi vRkSa lobha se apane mUla

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76 jaina darzana aura saMskRti nidhAna para phailate haiN| isase jAnA jAtA hai ki vanaspati meM krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha bhI haiN| latAe~ vRkSoM para car3hane ke lie apanA mArga pahale se taya kara letI haiM, isalie vanaspati meM ogha-saMjJA' hai| rAtri meM kamala sikur3ate haiM, isalie vanaspati meM loka saMjJA hai| vRkSoM meM jalAdi sIMcate haiM, vaha phalAdi ke rasa ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai, isalie vanaspati meM zvasana, cayApacaya Adi jaivika kriyAoM kA sadbhAva hai| isa prakAra aneka yuktiyoM se vanaspati kI sacetanatA siddha hai| saMghIya jIvana vanaspatikAya ke bheda haiM--sAdhAraNa aura prtyek| eka zarIra meM anaMta jIva hote haiM, vaha sAdhAraNa-zarIrI, anaMta-kAya yA sUkSma-nigoda hai| eka zarIra meM eka hI jIva hotA hai, vaha pratyeka zarIrI hai| sAdhAraNa-vanaspati kA jIvana saMgha-baddha hotA hai| phira bhI unakI Atmika sattA pRthak-pRthak rahatI hai| koI bhI jIva apanA astitva nahIM gNvaataa| una eka zarIrAzrayI ananta jIvoM ke sUkSma zarIra taijasa aura kArmaNa pRthak-pRthak hote haiN| una para eka dUsare kA prabhAva nahIM hotaa| unake sAmyavAdI jIvana kI paribhASA karate hue batAyA hai ki sAdhAraNa vanaspati kA eka jIva jo kucha AhAra Adi pudgala-samUha kA grahaNa karatA hai, vaha tat-zarIrastha zeSa sabhI jIvoM ke upabhoga meM AtA hai aura bahuta sAre jIva jina pudgaloM kA grahaNa karate haiM, ve eka jIva ke upabhogya banate haiN| unake AhAra-nIhAra, ucchvAsa-ni:zvAsa, zarIra-nirmANa aura mauta-ye sabhI sAdhAraNa kArya eka sAtha hote haiN| sAdhAraNa jIvoM kA pratyeka zArIrika kArya sAdhAraNa hotA hai| pRthak-zarIra manuSyoM ke kRtrima saMghoM meM aisI sAdhAraNatA kabhI nahIM aatii| sAdhAraNa jIvoM kA svAbhAvika saMghAtmaka jIvana sAmyavAda kA utkRSTa udAharaNa hai| ___ jIva amUrta hai isaliye ve kSetra nahIM rokate / kSetra-nirodha sthUla paudgalika vastue~ hI karatI haiN| sAdhAraNa jIvoM ke sthUla zarIra pRthak-pRthak nahIM hote| jo jo nijI zarIra haiM, ve sUkSma hote haiM, isalie eka suI ke agra bhAga jitane-se choTe zarIra meM ananta jIva samA jAte haiN| sUI kI noka Tike, utane 'lakSyapAka' tela meM eka lAkha auSadhiyoM kI astitA hotI hai| auSadhiyoM ke paramANu usameM mile hue hote haiN| isase adhika sUkSmatA Aja ke vijJAna meM dekhie- .. 1. ogha saMjJA-anukaraNa kI pravRtti / 2. lokasaMjJA-vyakta cetanA kA vizeSa upyog|

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vizva : vikAsa aura hrAsa oo rasAyanazAstra ke paMDita kahate haiM ki Alapina ke sire ke barAbara barpha ke Tukar3e meM 10,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 aNu haiN| ina udAharaNoM ko dekhate hue sAdhAraNa jIvoM kI eka zarIrAzrayI sthiti meM koI saMdeha nahIM hotaa| Aga meM tapA lohe kA golA agnimaya hotA hai, vaise sAdhAraNa vanaspati zarIra jIvanamaya hotA hai| sAdhAraNa-vanaspati jIvoM kA parimANa __ lokAkAza ke asaMkhya pradeza haiN| usake eka-eka AkAza-pradeza para eka-eka nigoda-jIva ko rakhate cale jaaie| ve eka loka meM nahIM samAyeMge, do-cAra meM bhI nhiiN| vaise ananta loka Avazyaka hoNge| isa kAlpanika saMkhyA se unakA pariNAmI smjhaaie| unakI zArIrika sthiti saMkIrNa hotI hai| isI kAraNa ve sasIma. loka meM samA rahe haiN| pratyeka-vanaspati pratyeka vanaspati jIvoM ke zarIra pRthak-pRthak hote haiN| pratyeka jIva apane zarIra kA nirmANa svayaM karatA hai| unameM parAzrayatA bhI hotI hai| eka ghaTaka jIva ke Azraya meM asaMkhya jIva palate haiN| vRkSa ke ghaTaka bIja meM eka jIva hotA hai| usake Azraya meM patra, puSpa aura phUla ke asaMkhya jIva upajate haiN| bIjAvasthA ke sivAya vanaspati-jIva saMghAtarUpa meM rahate haiN| zleSma-dravya-mizrita sarasoM ke dAne athavA tilapapar3I ke tila eka rUpa bana jAte haiM, taba bhI unakI sattA pRthak-pRthak rahatI hai| pratyeka vanaspati ke zarIroM kI bhI yahI bAta hai| zarIra kI saMghAta-dazA meM bhI unakI sattA svataMtra rahatI hai| pratyeka-vanaspati jIvoM kA parimANa sAdhAraNa vanaspati jIvoM kI bhA~ti pratyeka vanaspati kA eka eka jIva lokAkAza ke eka eka pradeza para rakhA jAe to aise asaMkhya loka bana jaaeN| yaha loka asaMkhya AkAza-pradeza vAlA hai, aise asaMkhya lokoM ke jitane AkAza pradeza hote haiM, utane pratyeka-zarIrI vanaspati jIva haiN| indriya-vikAsa kI apekSA se jIvoM ke bheda prANiyoM kI maulika jAtiyA~ pA~ca haiN| ekendriya (eka indriya vAle prANI), dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura pNcendriy| ve krama-vikAsa se utpanna nahIM, svataMtra

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78 jaina darzana aura saMskRti haiN| pA~ca jAtiyA~ yogyatA kI dRSTi se kramaza: vikasita haiM kintu pUrva-yogyatA se uttara-yogyatA sRSTa yA vikasita huI, aisA nhiiN| paMcendriya prANI kI deha se paMcendriya prANI utpanna hotA hai| vaha paMcendriya jJAna kA vikAsa pitA se nyUna yA adhika pA sakatA hai| para yaha nahIM ho sakatA ki vaha kisI caturandriya se utpanna ho jAe yA kisI caturandriya ko utpanna kara de| sajAtIya se utpanna honA aura sajAtIya ko utpanna karanA yaha prANiyoM kI nizcita maryAdA hai| ___ ekendriya se caturindriya ke jIva sammUrchima aura tiryanca jAti ke hI hote haiN| paMcendriya jIva sammUrchima aura garbhaja donoM prakAra ke hote haiN| ina donoM (sammUrchima aura garbhaja paMcendriya) kI do jAtiyA~ haiM (1) tiryanca, (2) manuSya / tiryanca jAti ke mukhya prakAra tIna haiM1. jalacara--matsya aadi| 2. sthalacara-gAya, bhaiMsa aadi| . (ka) uraparisarpa-reMgane vAle prANI-sAMpa aadi| (kha) bhujaparisarpa-bhujA ke bala para calane vAle prANI-nevalA Adi / ye sthalacara kI upazAkhAe~ haiN| 3. khecr-pkssii| sammUrchima jIvoM kA jAti-vibhAga garbhaja jIvoM ke jAti-vibhAga jaisA suspaSTa aura saMbaddha nahIM hotaa| AkRti-parivartana aura avayavoM kI nyUnAdhikatA paM. AdhAra para jAti-vikAsa kI jo kalpanA hai, vaha aupacArika hai, tAttvika nhiiN| seva ke vRkSa kI lagabhaga do hajAra jAtiyAM mAnI jAtI haiN| bhinna-bhinna dezoM kI miTTI meM boyA huA bIja bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke paudhoM ke rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai| unake phUloM aura phaloM meM varNa, gandha, rasa Adi kA antara bhI A jAtA hai| 'kalama' ke dvArA bhI vRkSoM meM Akasmika parivartana kiyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra tiryanca aura manuSya ke zarIra para bhI vibhinna paristhitiyoM kA prabhAva par3atA hai| zIta-pradhAna deza meM manuSya kA raMga zveta hotA hai, uSNa-pradhAna deza meM shyaam| yaha parivartana maulika nahIM hai| vaijJAnika prayogoM ke dvArA aupacArika parivartana ke udAharaNa prastuta kie gae haiN| maulika parivartana prayoga-siddha nahIM haiN| 1. manuSya ke mala, mUtra, lahU Adi azuci-sthAna meM utpanna hone vAle paMcendriya jIva sammUrchima manuSya kahalAte haiN|

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vizva : vikAsa aura hrAsa zArIrika parivartana kA hrAsa yA ulTA krama pAripArzvika vAtAvaraNa yA bAharI sthitiyoM ke kAraNa jaise vikAsa yA pragati hotI hai, vaise hI usake badalane para hrAsa yA pUrva-gati bhI hotI hai| do jAti ke prANiyoM ke saMgama se tIsarI eka nayI jAti paidA hotI hai| usa mizra jAti meM donoM ke svabhAva milate haiM, kintu yaha' bhI zArIrika bheda vAlI upajAti hai| Atmika jJAnakRta jaise aindriyaka aura mAnasika zakti kA bheda usameM nahIM hotaa| jAti-bheda kA mUla kAraNa hai-Atmika vikAsa / indriyA~, spaSTa bhASA aura mana, inakA parivartana mizraNa aura kAla-krama se nahIM hotaa| eka strI ke garbha meM 'garbha-pratibimba' paidA hotA hai, jisake rUpa bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke ho sakate haiN| AkRti-bheda kI samasyA jAti-bheda meM maulika nahIM hai| prabhAva ke nimitta eka prANI para mAtA-pitA kA, AsapAsa ke vAtAvaraNa kA, deza-kAla kI sImA kA, khAna-pAna kA aura grahoM-upagrahoM kA anukUla-pratikUla prabhAva par3atA hai, isameM koI saMdeha nhiiN| isake jo nimitta haiM, una para jaina-dRSTi kA kyA nirNaya hai-yaha thor3e meM jAnanA hai| prabhAvita sthitiyoM ko vargIkRta kara hama do mAna leM--zarIra aura buddhi| ye sAre nimitta ina donoM ko prabhAvita karate haiN| pratyeka prANI AtmA aura zarIra kA eka saMyukta rUpa hotA hai| pratyeka prANI ko Atmika zakti kA vikAsa aura usakI abhivyakti ke nimittabhUta zArIrika sAdhana upalabdha hote haiN| ___ AtmA sUkSma zarIra kA pravartaka hai aura sUkSma zarIra sthUla zarIra kA / bAharI sthitiyA~ sthUla zarIra ko prabhAvita karatI haiM, sthUla zarIra sUkSma zarIra ko aura sUkSma zarIra AtmA ko-indriya, mana yA cetana vRttiyoM ko| zarIra paudgalika hote haiM--sUkSma zarIra sUkSma vargaNAoM kA saMgaThana hotA hai aura sthUla zarIra sthUla vargaNAoM kaa| 1. AnuvaMzika samAnatA kA kAraNa hai-vargaNA kA sAmya / janma ke Arambha-kAla meM jIva jo AhAra letA hai, vaha usake jIvana kA mUla AdhAra hotA hai| ve vargaNAe~ mAtR-pitR-sAtmya hotI haiM, isalie mAtA aura pitA kA usa para prabhAva hotA hai| santAna ke zarIra meM mAMsa, rakta aura mastuluMga (bhejA)-ye tIna aMga mAtA ke aura asthi-majjA, keza-dAr3hI aura roma-nakha-ye tIna aMga pitA ke hote haiN| vargaNAoM kA sAmya hone para bhI AMtarika yogyatA samAna nahIM hotii| /

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80 jaina darzana aura saMskRti isalie mAtA-pitA se putra kI ruci, svabhAva, yogyatA bhinna bhI hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mAtA-pitA ke guNa-doSoM kA santAna ke svAsthya para jitanA prabhAva par3atA hai, utanA buddhi para nahIM pdd'taa| 2. vAtAvaraNa bhI paudgalika hotA hai| pudgala-pudgala para asara DAlate haiN| zarIra, bhASA aura mana kI vargaNAoM ke anukUla vAtAvaraNa vargaNAe~ hotI haiM, una para unakA anukUlana prabhAva hotA hai aura pratikUla dazA meM pratikUla / Atmika zakti vizeSa jAgRta ho, to isameM apavAda bhI ho sakatA hai| mAnasika zakti vargaNAoM meM parivartana lA sakatI hai| kahA bhI hai "cittAyattaM dhAtubaddhaM zarIraM, svastha citte buddhaya: prasphuranti / tasmAccittaM sarvathA rakSaNIyaM, citte naSTe buddhayo yAnti naashm|" -yaha dhAtubaddha zarIra citta ke adhIna hai| svastha citta meM buddhi kI spuraNA hotI hai isalie citta ko svastha rakhanA caahie| citta naSTa hone para buddhi naSTa ho jAtI hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki pavitra aura balavAn mana pavitra vargaNAoM ko grahaNa karatA hai, isalie burI vargaNAe~ zarIra para bhI burA asara nahIM DAla sktiiN| 3. khAna-pAna aura auSadhi kA asara bhI bhinna-bhinna prANiyoM para bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA hotA hai| isakA kAraNa bhI unake zarIra kI bhinna vargaNAe~ haiN| vargaNAoM ke varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza meM ananta prakAra kA vaicitrya aura taratamabhAva hotA hai| eka hI rasa kA do vyakti do prakAra kA anubhava karate haiN| yaha unakA buddhi-doSa yA anubhava-zakti kA doSa nahIM, kintu isa bheda kA AdhAra unakI vibhinna vargaNAe~ haiN| alaga-alaga paristhitiyoM meM eka hI vyakti ko isa bheda kA zikAra honA par3atA hai| khAna-pAna, auSadhi Adi kA zarIra ke avayavoM para asara hotA hai| zarIra ke avayava indriya, mana aura bhASA ke sAdhana hote haiM, isalie jIva kA pravRtti ke ye bhI paraspara kAraNa banate haiN| ye bAharI vargaNAe~ Antarika yogyatA ko sudhAra yA bigAr3a nahIM sakatIM aura na bar3hA-ghaTA bhI sakatI haiM kintu jIva kI Antarika yogyatA kI sAdhanabhUta Antarika vargaNAoM meM sudhAra yA bigAr3a lA sakatI haiN| yaha sthiti donoM prakAra kI vargaNAoM ke balAbala para nirbhara hai| 4. graha-upagraha se jo razmiyA~ nikalatI haiM, unakA bhI zArIrika vargaNAoM ke anusAra anukUla yA pratikUla prabhAva hotA hai| vibhinna raMgoM ke zIzoM dvArA sUrya-razmiyoM ko ekatrita kara zarIra para DAlA jAe, to svAsthya yA mana para unakI

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81 vizva : vikAsa aura hAsa vibhinna pratikriyAe~ hotI haiM / saMgaThita dazA meM hameM tatkAla unakA asara mAlUma par3atA hai| asaMgaThita dazA aura sUkSma rUpa meM unakA jo asara hamAre Upara hotA hai, use hama pakar3a nahIM sakate / jyotirvidyA meM ulkA kI aura yoga - vidyA meM vividha raMgoM kI pratikriyA bhI unakI razmiyoM ke prabhAva se hotI hai / yaha bAharI asara hai| apanI Antarika vRttiyoM kA bhI apane para prabhAva par3atA hai 1 dhyAna yA mAnasika ekAgratA se caMcalatA kI kamI hotI hai, Atma-zakti kA vikAsa hotA hai / mana kI caMcalatA se jo zakti bikhara jAtI hai, vaha dhyAna se kendrita hotI hai isIlie Atma-vikAsa meM manogupti vacana- gupti aura kAyagupti kA bar3A mahattva hai / mAnasika aniSTa cintana se pratimUla vargaNAe~ gRhIta hotI haiM, unakA svAsthya para hAnijanaka prabhAva hotA hai / prasanna dazA meM anukUla vargaNAe~ anukUla prabhAva DAlatI haiM / krodha Adi vargaNAoM kI bhI aisI hI sthiti hai / ye vargaNAe~ samUce loka meM bharI par3I haiN| inakI banAvaTa alaga-alaga DhaMga kI hotI haiM aura unake anusAra hI ye nimitta banatI haiM / abhyAsa 1. vizva- sthiti ke mUla sUtroM ko samajhAie / 2. sthAvara jIvoM ke caitanya svarUpa ko spaSTa kareM / 3. prANI ke janma se jIvana paryanta usa para par3ane vAle vibhinna prabhAvoM ke nimittoM ko spaSTa kareM / 4. trasa - prANI kise kahate haiM ? usake kitane bheda haiM ? 000

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janma-mRtyu kA cakra-vyUha saMsAra kA hetu jIva kI vaibhAvika dazA (jo svAbhAvika nahIM hai) kA nAma saMsAra hai| saMsAra kA mUla karma hai| karma ke mUla rAga-dveSa haiN| jIva kI asaMyama-maya pravRtti rAgamUlaka yA dveSamUlaka hotI hai| use samajhA jA sake yA nahIM, yaha dUsarI bAta hai| jIva ko phaMsAne vAlA dUsarA koI nhiiN| jIva bhI karma-jAla ko apanI hI ajJAna-dazA aura AzA-vAMchA (icchA yA tRSNA) se raca letA hai| karma vyaktigata rUpa se anAdi nahIM hai, pravAha rUpa se anAdi hai| karma-pravAha kA bhI Adi nahIM hai| jaba se jIva hai, taba se karma hai| donoM anAdi haiN| anAdi kA Arambha na hotA hai, aura na batAyA jA sakatA hai| eka-eka karma kI apekSA se saba karmoM kI nizcita avadhi hotI hai| paripAka-kAla ke bAda ve jIva se vilaga ho jAte haiN| ataeva AtmA kI karma-mukti meM koI bAdhA nahIM aatii| Atma-saMyama se naye karma cipaka banda ho jAte haiN| pahale cipake hue karma tapasyA ke dvArA dhIme-dhIme nijArNa ho jAte haiM; naye karmoM kA banda nahIM hotA, purAne karma TUTa jAte haiN| taba vaha anAdi pravAha ruka jAtA hai-AtmA mukta ho jAtI hai| yaha prakriyA Atma-sAdhakoM kI hai| Atma-sAdhanA se vimukha rahane vAle naye-naye karmoM kA saMcaya karate haiN| usI ke dvArA unheM janma-mRtyu ke avirala pravAha meM bahanA par3atA hai| / janma loka zAzvata hai; saMsAra anAdi hai; jIva nitya hai; karma kI bahalatA hai; janma-mRtyu kI bahulatA hai; isalie eka paramANu-mAtra bhI loka meM aisA sthAna nahIM, jahA~ jIva na janmA ho aura na marA ho| _ "aisI jAti, yoni, sthAna yA kula nahIM, jahA~ jIva aneka bAra yA ananta bAra janma dhAraNa na kara cuke hoM / "

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janma-mRtyu kA cakravyUha 83 jaba taka AtmA karma-mukta nahIM hotI, taba taka usakI janma-maraNa kI paramparA nahIM ruktii| mRtyu ke bAda janma nizcita hai| janma kA artha hai utpanna honaa| saba jIvoM kA utpatti-krama eka-sA nahIM hotaa| aneka jAtiyAM haiM, aneka yoniyA~ haiM aura aneka kula haiN| pratyeka prANI ke utpatti-sthAna meM varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza kA kucha na kucha tAratamya hotA hI hai| phira bhI utpatti kI prakriyAe~ aneka nahIM haiN| saba prANI tIna prakAra se utpanna hote haiN| ataeva janma ke tIna prakAra batalAe gae haiM--sammUrcchana, garbha aura upapAta / jinakA utpatti-sthAna niyata nahIM hotA aura jo garbha dhAraNa nahIM karate, una jIvoM kI utpatti ko 'sammUrcchana' kahate haiN| ekendriya se caturindriya taka saba jIva sammUrcchana janma vAle hote haiN| kaI tiryaMca paMcendriya tathA manuSya ke mala-mUtra, zleSma Adi caudaha sthAnoM meM utpanna hone vAle paMcendriya manuSya bhI sammUrchanaja hote haiN| strI-puruSa ke raja-vIrya se jinakI utpatti garbha meM hotI hai, unake janma kA nAma garbhaja hai| aNDaja, potaja aura jarAyuja paMcendriya prANI garbhaja hote haiN| jinakA utpatti-sthAna niyata hotA hai, unakA janma 'upapAta' kahalAtA hai| deva aura nAraka upapAta-janmA hote haiN| nArakoM ke lie kumbhI (choTe muMha kI kuNDa) aura devatA ke lie zayyAe~ niyata hotI haiN| ve antara-muhUrta meM (48 minaTa ke bhItara) yuvA ho jAte haiN| prANI sacitta aura acitta donoM prakAra ke zarIra meM utpanna hote haiN| garbha prANI kI utpatti kA pahalA rUpa dUsare meM chipA hotA hai, isalie usa dazA kA nAma 'garbha' ho gyaa| jIvana kA antima chora jaise mauta hai, vaise usakA Adi chora garbha hai| mauta ke bAda kyA hogA--yaha jaise ajJAta rahatA hai, vaise hI garbha se pahale kyA thA--yaha ajJAta rahatA hai| una donoM ke bAre meM vivAda hai| garbha pratyakSa hai, isalie yaha nirvivAda hai| mauta kSaNa bhara ke lie AtI hai| garbha mahInoM taka calatA hai isalie jaise mauta antima dazA kA pratinidhitva karatI hai, vaise garbha jIvana ke Arambha kA pUrA pratinidhitva nahIM karatA, isalie prArambhika dazA kA pratinidhi zabda aura cunanA. pdd'aa| vaha hai-'janma' / 'janma' ThIka jIvana kI Adi-rekhA kA artha detA hai| jo prANI hai, vaha janma lekara hI hamAre sAmane AtA hai| sammUrchana prANI-vargoM meM mAnasika vikAsa nahIM hotaa| garbhaja jIvoM meM mAnasika vikAsa hotA hai| isa dRSTi se samanaska jIva kI janma-prakriyA 'garbha'

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84 jaina darzana aura saMskRti aura asamanaska jIvoM kI janma-prakriyA 'sammUrchana'--aisA vibhAga karanA Avazyaka thaa| janma-vibhAga ke AdhAra para caitanya-vikAsa kA siddhAnta sthira hotA hai--garbhaja samanaska aura sammUrchana amnsk| garbhaja jIvoM ke manuSya aura paMcendriya tiryaMca-ye do varga haiN| garbhAdhAna kI svAbhAvika paddhati strI-puruSa kA saMyoga hai| kRtrima rIti se vIrya-prakSepa ke dvArA bhI garbhAdhAna ho sakatA hai| garbha-praveza kI sthiti .. gautama ne pUchA-bhagavAn ! jIva garbha me praveza karate samaya sa-indriya hotA hai athavA an-indriya? bhagavAn bole-gautama ! sa-indriya bhI hotA hai. aura an-indriya bhii| gautama ne phira pUchA-yaha kaise, bhagavan? ___ bhagavAn ne uttara diyA-dravya-indriya kI apekSA se vaha ana-indriya hotA hai aura bhAva-indriya kI apekSA se sa-iMdriya / isI prakAra dUsare prazna kA uttara dete hue bhagavAn ne batAyA-garbha meM praveza karate samaya jIva sthUla-zarIra (audArika, vakriya, AhAraka) kI apekSA se a-zarIra aura sUkSma-zarIra (taijasa, kArmaNa) kI apekSA se sa-zarIra hotA hai| garbha, meM praveza pAte samaya jIva kA pahalA AhAra oja aura vIrya hotA hai| garbha-praviSTa jIva kA AhAra mA~ ke AhAra kA hI sAra-aMza hotA hai| usake kavala-AhAra nahIM hotaa| vaha. samUce zarIra se AhAra letA hai aura samUce zarIra se pariNata karatA hai| usake ucchvAsa-ni:zvAsa bAra-bAra hote haiN| bAharI sthiti kA prabhAva garbha meM rahe hue jIva para bAharI sthiti kA AzcaryakArI prabhAva hotA hai| kisI-kisI garbhagata jIva meM vaikriya-zakti (vividha rUpa banAne kI sAmarthya) hotI hai| vaha zatru-sainya ko dekhakara vividha rUpa banAkara usase lar3a sakatA hai| usameM artha, rAjyabhoga aura kAma. kI prabala AkAMkSA utpanna ho jAtI hai| koI-koI dhArmika pravacana suna virakta bana jAtA hai; usakA dharmAnurAga tIva ho jAtA hai| prANa aura paryApti prANI kA jIvana prANa-zakti para avalambita rahatA hai| prANa-zaktiyA~ dasa

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janma-mRtyu kA cakravyUha 1. sparzana - indriya-prANa 2. rasana- indriya- prANa 3. ghrANa - indriya- prANa . 4. cakSu indriya-prANa 5. zrotra - indriya-prANa 6. mana:prANa 7. vacana-prANa 8. kAya prANa 9. zvAsocchvAsa-prANa 85 10. AyuSya prANa / prANa-zaktiyA~ saba jIvoM meM samAna nahIM hotIM / phira bhI kama se kama cAra to pratyeka prANI meM hotI hI haiM / zarIra, zvAsa- ucchvAsa, AyuSya aura sparzana indriya- ina jIvana - zaktiyoM meM jIvana kA maulika AdhAra hai / prANa-zakti aura paryApti kA kArya-kAraNa sambandha hai| jIvana-zakti ko paudgalika zakti kI apekSA rahatI hai| janma ke pahale kSaNa meM prANI kaI paudgalika zaktiyoM kA kramika nirmANa karatA hai, use paryApti kahate haiM / ve chaha haiM-- 4. zvAsocchvAsa 5. bhASA 1. AhAra 2. zarIra 3. indriya 6. mana 1 inake dvArA svayogya pudgaloM kA grahaNa, pariNamana (asslimilation ) aura utsarjana hotA hai| unakI racanA prANa-zakti ke anupAta para hotI haiM / jisa prANI meM jitanI prANa-zakti kI yogyatA hotI hai, vaha utanI hI paryAptiyoM kA nirmANa kara sakatA hai / paryApti-racanA meM prANI ko antar - muhUrta kA samaya lagatA hai / yadyapi unakI racanA prathama kSaNa meM hI prArambha ho jAtI haiM, para AhAra - paryApti ke sivAya zeSa sabhI kI samApti antarmuhUrtta se pahale nahIM hotI / svayogya paryAptiyoM kI parisamApti na hone taka jIva aparyApta kahalAte haiM aura usake bAda pryaapt| unakI samApti se pUrva hI jinakI mRtyu ho jAtI hai, ve aparyApta kahalAte haiM / yahA~ itanA - sA jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki AhAra, zarIra aura indriya - ina tIna paryAptiyoM kI pUrNa racanA kie binA koI prANI nahIM maratA / AhAra, cintana, jalpana Adi saba kriyAe~ prANa aura paryApti -- ina donoM ke sahayoga se hotI haiN| jaise--bolane meM prANI kA AtmIya prayatna hotA hai, vaha prANa hai / usa prayatna ke anusAra jo zakti yogya pudgaloM kA saMgraha karatI hai, vaha bhASA-paryApti hai| AhAra - paryApti aura AyuSya - prANa, zarIra-paryApti aura kAya - prANa, indriya-paryApti aura indriya-prANa, zvAsocchvAsa paryApti aura zvAsocchvAsa prANa, bhASA-paryApti aura bhASA - prANa, manaHparyApti aura manaHprANa - ye paraspara sApekSa haiM /

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86 jaina darzana aura saMskRti isameM hameM nizcaya hotA hai ki prANiyoM kI zarIra ke mAdhyama se hone vAlI jitanI kriyAe~ haiM, ve saba Atma-zakti aura paudgalika-zakti donoM ke pArasparika sahayoga se hI hotI haiN| indriya-jJAna aura pA~ca jAtiyA~ indriya-jJAna parokSa hai isalie parokSa-jJAnI ko paudgalika indriya kI apekSA rahatI hai| kisI manuSya kI AMkha phUTa jAtI hai, phira bhI vaha caturindriya nahIM hotaa| usakI darzana-zakti kahIM nahIM jAtI kintu AMkha ke abhAva meM usakA upayoga nahIM hotaa| AMkha meM vikAra hotA hai, dIkhanA baMda ho jAtA hai| usakI ucita cikitsA huI, darzana-zakti khula jAtI hai| yaha paudgalika indriya (cakSu) ke sahayoga kA pariNAma hai| kaI prANiyoM meM sahAyaka indriyoM ke binA bhI usake jJAna kA AbhAsa milatA hai, kintu vaha unake hone para jitanA spaSTa hotA hai, utanA spaSTa unake abhAva meM nahIM hotaa| vanaspati meM sparzana Adi pA~coM indriyoM ke cihna milate haiN| unameM bhAvendriya kA pUrNa vikAsa aura sahAyaka iMdriya kA sadbhAva nahIM hotA, isalie ve ikendriya hI kahalAte haiN| ukta vivecana se do niSkarSa nikalate haiN| pahalA yaha ki indriya jJAna-cetana-indriya aura jar3a-indriya donoM ke sahayoga se hotA hai phira bhI jahA~ taka jJAna kA saMbaMdha hai, usameM cetana-indriya kI pradhAnatA hai| dUsarA niSkarSa yaha hai ki prANiyoM kI ekendriya, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya ye pA~ca jAtiyA~ banane meM donoM prakAra kI indriyA~ kAraNa haiM, phira bhI yahA~ dravyendriya kI pramukhatA hai| ekendriya meM atirikta bhAvendriya ke cihna milane para bhI ve zeSa bAhya indriyoM ke abhAva meM paMcendriya nahIM khlaate| mAnasa-jJAna aura saMjJI-asaMjJI indriya ke bAda mana kA sthAna hai| yaha bhI parokSa hai| paudagalika mana ke binA isakA upayoga nahIM hotaa| indriya-jJAna se isakA sthAna U~cA hai| pratyeka indriya kA apanA-apanA viSaya niyata hotA hai, mana kA viSaya aniyt| yaha saba viSayoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| indriya-jJAna vArtamAnika hotA hai, mAnasa-jJAna kaalik| indriya-jJAna meM tarka-vitarka nahIM hotA, mAnasa-jJAna AlocanAtmaka hotA hai| mAnasa-pravRtti kA pramukha sAdhana mastiSka hai| kAna kA pardA phaTa jAne para karNendriya kA upayoga nahIM hotA. vaise hI mastiSka kI vikRti ho jAne para

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janma-mRtyu kA cakravyUha 87 mAnasa-zakti kA upayoga nahIM hotaa| mAnasa-jJAna garbhaja aura upapAtaja paMcendriya prANiyoM ke hI hotA hai isalie usake dvArA prANI do bhAgoM meM baMTa jAte haiM--saMjJI aura asaMjJI yA samanaska aura amnsk| Adhunika jIva-vijJAna (Biology) kI bhASA meM kahA jAe to kevala kazerukI (vertebrate) prANI samanaska aura a-kazerukI (invertebrate) prANI amanaska hote haiN| dvIndriya Adi prANiyoM meM, Atma-rakSA kI bhAvanA, iSTa-pravRtti, aniSTa-nivRtti, AhAra, bhaya Adi saMjJAe~, saMkucana, prasAraNa, zabda, palAyana, Agati, gati, Adi ceSTAe~ hotI haiM--ye mana ke kArya haiN| taba phira ve asaMjJI kyoM? iSTa-pravRtti aura aniSTa-nivRtti kA saMjJAna mAnasa-jJAna kI paridhi kA hai, phira bhI vaha sAmAnya hai-nagaNya hai, isalie usase koI prANI saMjJI nahIM bntaa| eka kaur3I bhI dhana hai, para usase koI dhanI nahIM khlaataa| saMjJI vahI hote haiM jinameM dIrghakAlikI saMjJA mile, jo bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya kI jJAna-zrRMkhalA ko jor3a ske| indriya aura mana pUrva paMktiyoM meM indriya aura mana kA saMkSipta vizleSaNa kiyaa| usase unhIM kA svarUpa spaSTa hotA hai| saMjJI aura asaMjJI ke indriya aura mana kA krama spaSTa nahIM hotaa| asaMjJI aura saMjJI ke indriya-jJAna meM kucha nyUnAdhikya rahatA hai yA nahIM? mana se usakA kucha sambandha hai yA nahIM? ise spaSTa karanA caahie| asaMjJI ke kevala indriya-jJAna hotA hai, saMjJI ke indriya aura mAnasa-donoM jJAna hote haiN| indriya-jJAna kI sImA donoM ke lie eka hai| kisI raMga ko dekhakara saMjJI aura asaMjJI cakSu ke dvArA sirpha itanA hI jAneMge ki yaha raMga hai| indriya-jJAna meM bhI apAra nyUnAdhikya hotA hai| eka prANI cakSu ke dvArA jise spaSTa jAnatA hai, dUsarA use bahuta spaSTa jAna sakatA hai| phira bhI amuka raMga hai, isase Age nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| use dekhane ke pazcAt, aisA kyoM? isase kyA lAbha? yaha sthAyI hai yA asthAyI? kaise banA? Adi-Adi prazna yA jijJAsAe~ mana kA kArya hai| asaMyamI ke aisI jijJAsAe~ nahIM hotii| unakA sambandha apratyakSa dharmoM se hotA hai| indriya-jJAna se pratyakSa dharma se eka sUta bhI Age bar3hane kI kSamatA nahIM hotii| saMjJI jIvoM meM indriya aura mana donoM kA upayoga hotA hai| mana indriya-jJAna kA sahacArI bhI hotA hai aura usake bAda bhI indriya dvArA jAne hue padArtha kI vividha avasthAoM ko jAnatA hai| mana kA manana yA ciMtana svataMtra ho sakatA hai. kitu bAhya viSayoM kA paryAlocana indriya

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88 jaina darzana aura saMskRti dvArA unake grahaNa hone ke bAda hI hotA hai, isalie saMjJI-jJAna meM ina donoM kA gaharA sambandha hai| jAti-smRti pUrvajanma kI smRti (jAti-smRti) 'mati' kA hI eka vizeSa prakAra hai| isase pichale aneka samanaska jIvanoM kI ghaTanAvaliyA~ jAnI jA sakatI haiN| pUrvajanma meM ghaTita ghaTanA ke samAna ghaTanA ghaTane para vaha pUrva-paricita-sI lagatI hai| IhA, apoha, mArgaNA aura gaveSaNA karane se citta kI ekAgratA aura zuddhi hone para pUrvajanma kI smRti utpanna hotI hai| saba samanaska jIvoM ko pUrvajanma kI smRti nahIM hotI, isakI kAraNa-mImAMsA karate hue AcArya ne likhA hai "jAyamANassa jaM dukkhaM, maramANassa vA punno| teNa dukkheNa saMmUDho, jAI sarai na appaNo / " -vyakti 'mRtyu' aura 'janma' kI vedanA se sammUDha ho jAtA hai; isalie sAdhAraNatayA use jAti kI smRti nahIM hotii| eka hI jIvana meM duHkha-vyagradazA (sammoha-dazA) meM smRti-bhraMza ho jAtA hai, taba vaisI sthiti meM pUrvajanma kI smRti lupta ho jAe, usameM koI Azcarya kI bAta nhiiN| pUrvajanma ke smRti-sAdhana mastiSka Adi nahIM hote, phira bhI AtmA ke dRr3ha-saMskAra aura jJAna-bala se usakI smRti ho AtI hai isIlie to jJAna do prakAra kA batalAyA hai--isa janma kA jJAna aura agale janma kA jnyaan| atIndriyajJAna-yogIjJAna atIndriya jJAna iMdriya aura mana donoM se mahattvapUrNa hai| vaha pratyakSa hai, isalie . paudagalika sAdhanoM-zArIrika avayavoM ke sahayoga kI apekSA nahIM hotii| yaha 'AtmamAtrApekSa' hotA hai| hama jo tvacA se chUte haiM, kAnoM se sunate haiM, AMkhoM se dekhate haiM, jIbha se cakhate haiM, vaha vAstavika pratyakSa nahIM hai| hamArA jJAna zarIra ke vibhinna avayavoM se sambandhita hotA hai, isalie usakI naizcayika satya (nirapekSa. satya) taka pahu~ca nahIM hotii| usakA viSaya kevala vyAvahArika satya (sApekSa satya) hotA hai| udAharaNa ke lie sparzana-indriya ko liijie| hamAre zarIra kA sAmAnya tApamAna 97 yA 98 DigrI hotA hai| usase kama tApamAna vAlI vastu hamAre lie " ThaMDI hogii| jisakA tApamAna hamArI USmA se adhika hogA, vaha hamAre lie garma hogii| hamArA yaha jJAna svasthiti-sparzI hogA, vastu-sthiti-spI nhiiN| isI prakAra

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janma-mRtyu kA cakravyUha .89 pratyeka vastu ke varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza, zabda aura saMsthAna kA jJAna sahAyaka sAmagrI-sApekSa hotA hai / atIndriya jJAna paristhiti kI apekSA se mukta hotA hai / usakI prApti meM deza, kAla aura paristhiti kA vyavadhAna yA viparyAsa nahIM AtA; isalie usase vastu ke maulika rUpa kI sahI-sahI jAnakArI milatI hai 1 yaha ullekhanIya hai ki parAmanovijJAna ke kSetra meM jAti - smRti ( pUrva janma kA jJAna), dUra-bodha (clairvoyance ) pUrvAbhASa (precognition), paricitta-bodha ( telepathy) Adi atIndriya jJAna ( Extra-sensory-perception yA ESP) sambandhI kA bhI gaveSaNApUrNa zodhakArya cala rahA hai| 1 abhyAsa 1. " jaina darzana meM janma kI prakriyA ko vaijJAnika paddhati se vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai|" kyA Apa isa mantavya se sahamata haiM? apanA uttara sapramANa spaSTa kareM / 2. jIvana krama meM prANa-zakti kA kitanA aura kaisA upayoga hotA hai ? 3. indriya-jJAna, mAnasa - jJAna aura atIndriya jJAna kI jaina avadhAraNAoM kI vyAkhyA kareM / 000

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maiM kauna hU~? do pravAha : AtmavAda aura anAtmavAda AtmA, karma, punarjanma, mokSa para vizvAsa karane vAle 'kriyAvAdI' (yA Astika) aura ina para vizvAsa nahIM karane vAle 'akriyAvAdI' (nAstika) khlaae| kriyAvAdI varga ne saMyamapUrvaka jIvana bitAne kA, dharmAcaraNa karane kA upadeza diyA aura akriyAvAdI varga ne sukhapUrvaka jIvana bitAne ko hI paramArtha btlaayaa| kriyAvAdiyoM ne--"zArIrika kaSToM ko samabhAva se sahanA mahAphala hai", "kaSTa sahane se Atmahita sadhatA hai"--aise vAkyoM kI racanA kI aura akriyAvAdiyoM ke mantavya ke AdhAra para--"yAvajjIvet sukhaM jIveta, RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pibet"-arthAt "jaba taka jIeM sukha se jIeM, RNa (karja) karake bhI ghI pIeM"-jaisI yuktiyoM kA sRjana huaa|. kriyAvAdI varga ne kahA-"jo rAta yA dina calA jAtA hai, vaha vApasa nahIM aataa| adharma karane vAle ke rAta-dina niSphala hote haiM, dharmaniSTha vyakti ke ve saphala hote haiM isalie dharma karane meM eka kSaNa bhI pramAda mata karo, kyoMki yaha jIvana kuza ke noka para TikI huI hima kI bUMda ke samAna kSaNabhaMgura hai| yadi isa jIvana ko vyartha gaMvA doge to phira dIrghakAla ke bAda bhI manuSya-janma milanA bar3A durlabha hai| karmoM ke vipAka bar3e nibir3a hote haiN| ata: samajho, tuma kyoM nahIM samajhate ho? aisA sad-viveka bAra-bAra nahIM miltaa| bItI huI rAta phira lauTakara nahIM AtI aura na mAnava-jIvana phira se milanA sulabha hai| jaba taka bur3hApA na satAe, roga gherA na DAle, indriyA~ zakti-hIna na baneM, taba taka dharma kA AcaraNa kara lo, nahIM to phira mRtyu ke samaya vaise hI pachatAnA hogA, jaise sApha-suthare rAjamArga ko chor3akara Ubar3a-khAbar3a mArga meM jAne vAlA gAr3IvAna ratha kI dhurI TUTa jAne para pachatAtA hai|" ___akriyAvAdiyoM ne kahA-"yaha sabase bar3I mUrkhatA hai ki loga dRSTa sukhoM ko chor3akara adRSTa sukha ko pAne kI daur3a meM lage hue haiN| ye kAmabhoga hAtha meM Ae hue haiM, pratyakSa haiN| jo pIche hone vAlA hai, na jAne kaba kyA hogA?

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maiM kauna hU~ ? paraloka kisane dekhA hai? kauna jAnatA hai ki paraloka hai yA nahIM? jana-samUha kA eka bar3A bhAga sAMsArika sukhoM kA upabhoga karane meM vyasta hai, taba phira hama kyoM na kareM? jo dUsaroM ko hogA vahI hamako bhI hogaa| he priye ! ciMtA karane jaisI koI bAta nahIM, khUba khA-pI, Ananda kara, jo kucha kara legA, vaha terA hai| mRtyu ke bAda AnA-jAnA kucha bhI nhiiN| kucha loga paraloka ke duHkhoM kA varNana kara -kara janatA ko prApta sukhoM se vimukha kie dete haiN| para yaha atAtvika hai|" kriyAvAda kI vicAradhArA meM vastusthiti spaSTa huii| logoM ne saMyama siikhaa| tyAga-tapasyA ko jIvana meM utArA / akriyAvAda kI vicAra-praNAlI se vastusthiti ojhala rhii| loga bhautika sukhoM kI ora mudd'e| kriyAvAdiyoM ne kahA- "sukRta aura duSkRta kA phala hotA hai| zubha karmoM kA phala acchA aura azubha karmoM kA phala burA hotA hai| jIva apane pApa evaM puNya karmoM ke sAtha hI paraloka meM utpanna hote haiN| puNya aura pApa donoM kA kSaya hone se asIma Atma-sukhamaya mokSa milatA hai|" phalasvarUpa logoM meM dharmaruci paidA huii| alpa-icchA, alpa-AraMbha aura alpa-parigraha kA mahattva bddh'aa| ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha-inakI upAsanA karane vAlA mahAn samajhA jAne lgaa| akriyAvadiyoM ne kahA- "sukRta aura duSkRta kA phala nahIM hotaa| zubha karmoM ke zubha aura azubha karmoM ke azubha phala nahIM hote| AtmA paraloka meM - jAkara utpanna nahIM hotii|" phalasvarUpa logoM meM saMdeha bddh'aa| bhautika lAlasA prabala huii| atyadhika . tRSNA, hiMsA aura parigraha kA rAhu jagat para chA gyaa| kriyAvAdI kI antar dRSTi "apane kiye karmoM ko bhoge binA chuTakArA nahIM" isa para lagI rahatI hai| vaha jAnatA hai ki karma kA phala bhugatanA hogA, isa janma meM nahIM to agale janma meN| kintu usakA phala cakhe binA mukti nhiiN| isalie yathAsaMbhava pApa-karma se bacA jAe, yahI zreyas hai| antar-dRSTivAlA vyakti mRtyu ke samaya bhI ghabarAtA nahIM, divyAnanda ke sAtha mRtyu kA varaNa karatA akriyAvAdI kA dRSTi-biMdu-"ye kAma hAtha meM Ae hue haiM"--jaisI bhAvanA para TikA huA hotA hai| vaha socatA hai ki ina bhoga-sAdhanoM kA jitanA adhika upabhoga kiyA jAe, vahI acchA hai| mRtyu ke vAda kucha honA-jAnA nahIM hai| isa prakAra usakA antima lakSya bhautika sukhopabhoga hI hotA hai| vaha karma-bandha se

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. jaina darzana aura saMskRti nirapekSa hokara trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM kI sArthaka aura nirarthaka hiMsA karane meM sakucAtA nhiiN| vaha jaba kabhI roga-grasta hotA hai, taba apane kie karmoM ko smaraNa kara pachatAtA hai| paraloka se DaratA bhI hai| anubhava batAtA hai ki marmAntaka roga aura mRtyu ke samaya bar3e-bar3e nAstika kAMpa uThate haiN| ve nAstikatA ko tilAMjali de Astika bana jAte haiN| antakAla meM akriyAvAdI ko yaha saMdeha hone lagatA hai-"maiMne sunA ki naraka hai? jo durAcArI jIvoM kI gati hai, jahA~ krUra karmavAle ajJAnI jIvoM ko pragAr3ha vedanA sahanI par3atI hai| yaha kahIM saca to nahIM hai? agara saca hai to merI kyA dazA hogI?" isa prakAra vaha saMkalpa-vikalpa kI dazA meM maratA hai| kriyAvAda kA nirUpaNa yaha rahA ki AtmA ke astitva meM saMdeha mata kro| vaha amUrta hai, isalie indriyagrAhya nahIM hai| vaha amUrta hai, isalie nitya hai| amUrta padArthamAtra avibhAgI nitya hote haiN| AtmA nitya hone ke uparAMta bhI svakRta ajJAna Adi doSoM ke baMdhana meM baMdhI huI hai| vaha baMdhana hI saMsAra (janma-maraNa) kA mUla hai| akriyAvAda kA sAra yaha rahA ki yaha loka itanA hI hai, jitanA dRSTigocara hotA hai| isa jagat meM kevala pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura AkAza--ye pA~ca mahAbhUta hI haiN| inake samudAya se caitanya yA/AtmA paidA hotI hai| bhUtoM kA nAza hone para usakA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai| jIvAtmA koI svataMtra padArtha nahIM hai| jisa prakAra araNi kI lakar3I se agni, dUdha se ghI aura tiloM se tela paidA hotA hai, vaise hI paMca bhUtAtmaka zarIra se jIva utpanna hotA hai| zarIra naSTa hone para AtmA jaisI koI vastu nahIM rahatI hai| isa prakAra donoM pravAhoM se jo dhArAeM nikalatI haiM, ve hamAre sAmane haiN| hameM inako atha se iti taka parakhanA cAhie, kyoMki inase kevala dArzanika dRSTikoNa hI nahIM banatA, kintu vaiyaktika jIvana se lekara sAmAjika rASTrIya evaM dhArmika jIvana kI nIMva inhIM para khar3I hotI hai| kriyAvAdI aura akriyAvAdI kA jIvana-patha eka nahIM ho sktaa| kriyAvAdI ke pratyeka kArya meM Atma-zuddhi kA. khyAla hogA, jabaki akriyAvAdI ko usakI cintA karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| Aja bahuta sAre kriyAvAdI bhI hiMsA bahula vicAradhArA meM baha cale haiN| jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA ko bisAra kara atyadhika hiMsA aura parigraha meM phaMse hue haiN| jIvana-vyavahAra meM yaha samajhanA kaThina ho rahA hai ki kauna kriyAvAdI hai aura kauna akriyAvAdI?. akriyAvAdI sudUra bhaviSya kI na soceM to koI Azcarya nhiiN| kriyAvAdI AtmA ko bhulA baiThe, Age-pIche na dekheM to kahanA hogA ki ve kevala paribhASA meM hI kriyAvAdI haiM, sahI artha meM nhiiN| bhaviSya ko

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93 maiM kauna hU~? socane kA artha vartamAna se AMkheM mUMda lenA nahIM hai| bhaviSya ko samajhane kA artha hai vartamAna ko sudhaarnaa| Aja ke jIvana kI sukhamaya sAdhanA hI kala ko sukhamaya banA sakatI hai| viSaya-vAsanAoM meM phaMsakara Atma-zuddhi kI upekSA karanA kriyAvAdI ke lie prANaghAta se bhI adhika bhayaMkara hai| use Atma-anveSaNa karanA caahie| __ AtmA aura paraloka kI anveSaka pariSad ke sadasya sara olivara laoNja ne isa anveSaNa kA mUlyAMkana karate hue likhA hai-"hameM bhautika jJAna ke pIche par3akara pArabhautika viSayoM ko nahIM bhUla jAnA caahie| cetana jar3a kA koI guNa nahIM, parantu usameM samAyI huI apane ko pradarzita karane vAlI eka svataMtra sattA hai| prANImAtra ke antargata eka aisI vastu avazya hai jisakA zarIra ke nAza ke sAtha anta nahIM ho jaataa| bhautika aura pArabhautika saMjJAoM ke pArasparika niyama kyA haiM, isa bAta kA patA lagAnA atyanta Avazyaka ho gayA hai|" "AtmA kyoM? *aeNkriyAvAdI kahate haiM--"jo padArtha pratyakSa nahIM, use kaise mAnA jAe?" AtmA indriya aura mana ke pratyakSa nahIM, phira use kyoM mAnA jAe? kriyAvAdI kahate haiM--"padArthoM ko jAnane kA sAdhana kevala indriya aura mana kA pratyakSa hI nahIM, inake atirikta anubhava-pratyakSa, yogI-pratyakSa, anumAna aura Agama bhI haiN| iMdriya aura mana se kyA-kyA jAnA jAtA hai? inakI zakti atyanta sImita hai| inase apane do-cAra pIr3hI ke pUrvaja bhI nahIM jAne jAte to kyA unakA astitva bhI na mAnA jAe? indriyAM sirpha sparza, rasa, gandha, rUpAtmaka mUrta dravya ko jAnatI haiN| mana indriyoM kA anugAmI hai| vaha unhIM ke dvArA jAne hue padArthoM ke vizeSa rUpoM ko jAnatA hai, ciMtana karatA hai| mUrta ke mAdhyama se vaha amUrta vastuoM ko bhI jAnatA hai| isalie vizvavartI saba padArthoM ko jAnane . ke lie iMdriya aura mana para hI nirbhara ho jAnA nitAMta anucita hai| AtmA zabda, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza nahIM hai| vaha arUpI sattA hai| arUpI tattva iMdriyoM se nahIM jAne jA skte| AtmA amUrta hai isalie indriya ke dvArA na jAnA jAe, isase usake astitva para koI AMca nahIM aatii| indriya arUpI AkAza ko kauna-kaba jAna sakatA hai ?,' arUpI kI bAta chor3ie, aNu yA ANavika sUkSma padArtha, jo rUpI haiM, ve bhI korI iMdriyoM se nahIM jAne jA skte| ata: indriya-pratyakSa ko ekamAtra pramANa mAnane se koI tathya nahIM nikltaa|" anAtmavAda ke anusAra AtmA indriya aura mana ke pratyakSa nahIM isalie vaha nahIM hai| .

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94 jaina darzana aura saMskRti adhyAtmavAda ke anusAra AtmA indriya aura mana ke pratyakSa nahIM, isalie vaha nahIM hai, yaha mAnanA ta bAdhita hai, kyoMki vaha amUrtika hai; isalie indriya - aura mana ke pratyakSa ho hI nahIM sktii| bhAratIya darzana meM AtmA ke sAdhaka tarka kisI bhI bhAratIya vyakti ko Ama ke astitva meM koI sandeha nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha pratyakSa hai| pratyakSa-siddha vastu ke viSaya meM saMdeha nahIM hotaa| jina dezoM meM Ama nahIM hotA, una dezoM kI janatA ke lie Ama parokSa hai| parokSa vastu ke viSaya meM to hamArA jJAna hI nahIM hotA, yadi suna yA par3ha kara jJAna hotA hai to vaha sAdhaka bAdhaka tarkoM kI kasauTI se kasA huA hotA hai| sAdhaka pramANa balavAn hote haiM, to hama parokSa vastu ke astitva ko svIkAra kara lete haiM aura bAdhaka pramANa balavAn hote haiM, to hama usake astitva ko nakAra dete haiN| bhArata meM jaise Ama pratyakSa hai, vaise hI AtmA pratyakSa hotI to bhAratIya darzana kA vikAsa ATha AnA hI huA hotaa| AtmA pratyakSa nahIM hai| usakA ciMtana, maMthana, manana- aura darzana bhArata meM itanA huA hai ki AtmavAda bhAratIya darzana kA pradhAna aMga bana gyaa| yahA~ anAtmavAdI bhI rahe haiM, kinta AtmavAdiyoM kI tulanA meM ATe meM namaka jitane hI rahe haiN| anAtmavAdiyoM kI saMkhyA bhale kama rahI ho, unake tarka kama nahIM rahe haiN| unhoMne samaya-samaya para AtmA ke bAdhaka tarka prastuta kiye haiN| unake vipakSa meM AtmavAdiyoM dvArA Atma ke sAdhaka-tarka prastuta kie ge| saMkSepa meM unakA vargIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai 1. sva-saMvedana-apane anubhava se AtmA kA astitva siddha hotA hai| 'maiM hU~', 'maiM sukhI hU~', 'maiM du:khI hU~'-'yaha anubhava zarIra ko nahIM hotA kintu use hotA hai, jo zarIra se bhinna hai| zaMkarAcArya ke zabdoM meM--'sarvopyAtmA'stitvaM pratyeti, na nAhamasmIti'-sabako yaha vizvAsa hotA hai ki 'maiM huuN| yaha vizvAsa kisI ko nahIM hotA ki 'maiM nahIM huuN|' 2. atyantAbhAva-isa tArkika niyama ke anusAra cetana aura acetana meM traikAlika virodha hai| jaina-AcAryoM ke zabdoM meM 'na kabhI aisA huA hai, na ho rahA hai aura na hogA ki jIva ajIva bana jAe aura ajIva jIva bana jaae|' 3. upAdAna kAraNa-isa tArkika niyama ke anusAra jisa vastu kA jaisA upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai, vaha usI rUpa meM pariNata hotI hai| acetana ke upAdAna cetana meM nahIM badala sakate /

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95 maiM kauna hU~ ? 4. sat - pratipakSa - jisake pratipakSa kA astitva nahIM hai usake astitva ko tArkika samarthana nahIM mila sakatA / yadi cetana nAmaka sattA nahIM hotI, to 'na cetana -- acetana' -- isa acetana sattA kA nAmakaraNa aura bodha hI nahIM hotA / 5. bAdhaka pramANa kA abhAva - anAtmavAdI - AtmA nahIM hai, kyoMki usakA koI sAdhaka pramANa nahIM milatA / AtmavAdI - AtmA hai, kyoMki usakA koI bAdhaka pramANa nahIM milatA / 6. sat kA niSedha - jIva yadi na ho, to usakA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / asat kA niSedha nahIM hotA / jisakA niSedha hotA hai, vaha astitva meM avazya hotA hai / niSedha cAra prakAra ke haiM1. saMyoga 3. sAmAnya 2. samavAya 4. vizeSa / / 'mohana ghara meM nahIM hai' yaha saMyoga-pratiSedha hai / isakA artha yaha nahIM ki mohana hai hI nahIM, kintu 'vaha ghara meM nahIM hai' '- yaha 'gRha-saMyoga' kA pratiSedha hai| 'kharagoza ke sIMga nahIM hote' - yaha samavAya pratiSedha hai / kharagoza bhI hotA hai aura sIMga bhI / inakA pratiSedha nahIM hai / vahA~ kevala ' kharagoza ke sIMga' - isa samabhAva kA pratiSedha hai 1 'dUsarA cAMda nahIM hai' isameM candra ke sarvathA abhAva kA pratipAdana nahIM, kintu usake sAmAnya-mAtra kA niSedha hai / 'motI ghar3e - jitane bar3e nahIM haiM' - isameM muktA kA abhAva nahIM, kintu 'ghar3e - jitane bar3e' - yaha jo vizeSaNa hai usakA pratiSedha hai / AtmA nahIM hai, isameM AtmA kA niSedha nahIM, kintu usakA kisI ke sAtha hone vAle saMyoga kA niSedha hai / 7. indriya- pratyakSa kA vaikalpa - yadi indriya- pratyakSa nahIM hone mAtra se AtmA kA astitva nakArA jAya, to pratyeka sUkSma, vyavahita (bIca meM vyavadhAna vAlI) aura viprakRSTa (dUrastha) vastu ke astitva ko asvIkAra karanA hogA / indriya- pratyakSa se mUrta tattva kA grahaNa hotA hai / AtmA amUrta tattva hai, isalie indriyA~ use nahIM jAna paatiiN| isase indriya- pratyakSa kA vaikalpa siddha hotA hai, AtmA kA anastitva siddha nahIM hotA / 8. guNa dvArA guNI kA grahaNa -caitanya guNa hai aura cetana guNI / caitanya pratyakSa hai, cetana pratyakSa nahIM hai / parokSa guNI kI sattA pratyakSa guNa se pramANita ho jAtI hai / tahakhAne meM baiThA AdamI prakAza ko dekhakara sUryodaya kA jJAna kara letA hai /

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti 9. vizeSa guNa dvArA svataMtra astitva kA bodha-vastu kA astitva usake vizeSa guNa dvArA siddha hotA hai| svataMtra padArtha vahI hotA hai, jisameM aisA trikAlavartI guNa mile, jo kisI dUsare padArtha meM na mile| AtmA meM caitanya nAmaka vizeSa guNa hai| vaha dUsare kisI bhI padArtha meM prApta nahIM hai, isalie AtmA kA dUsare sabhI padArthoM se svatantra astitva hai| 10. saMzaya-jo yaha socatA hai ki 'maiM nahIM hU~' vahI jIva hai| acetana ko apane astitva ke viSaya meM kabhI saMzaya nahIM hotaa| 'yaha hai yA nahIM'IhA yA vikalpa cetana ke hI hotA hai| sAmane jo lambA-caur3A padArtha dIkha rahA hai, 'vaha khambhA hai yA AdamI', yaha vikalpa sacetana vyakti ke hI mana meM uThatA . 11.. dravya kI traikAlikatA-jo pahale-pIche nahIM hai, vaha madhya meM nahIM ho sktaa| jIva eka svataMtra dravya hai, vaha yadi pahale na ho aura pIche bhI na ho to vartamAna meM bhI nahIM ho sktaa| 12. saMkalanAtmakatA-indriyoM kA apanA-apanA nizcita viSaya hotA hai| eka indriya dUsarI indriya ke viSaya ko nahIM jAna sktii| indriyAM hI jJAtA hoM, unakA pravartaka AtmA jJAtA na ho, to saba indriyoM ke viSayoM kA saMkalanAtmaka jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| phira maiM sparza, rasa, gaMdha, rUpa aura zabda ko jAnatA hU~, isa prakAra saMkalanAtmaka jJAna kise hogA? kakar3I ko cabAte samaya sparza, rasa, gaMdha, rUpa aura zabda-ina pA~coM ko jAna rahA hU~, aisA jJAna hotA hai| 13. smRti-indriyoM ke naSTa ho jAne para bhI unake dvArA jAne hue viSayoM kI smRti rahatI hai| A~kha se koI vastu dekhI, kAna se koI bAta sunI; saMyogavaza A~kha pUTa gaI aura kAna kA pardA phaTa gayA, phira bhI dRSTi aura zruta kI smRti rahatI hai| ___ saMkalanAtmaka jJAna aura smRti--ye mana ke kArya haiN| mana AtmA ke binA cAlita nahIM hotaa| AtmA ke abhAva meM indriya aura mana-donoM niSkriya ho jAte haiN| ata: donoM ke jJAna kA mUla srota AtmA hai| 14. jJeya aura jJAtA kA pRthaktva-jJeya, indriya aura AtmA--ye tInoM bhinna haiN| AtmA grAhaka hai, indriyAM grahaNa ke sAdhana haiM aura padArtha grAhya haiN| lohAra saNDAsI se lohapiNDa ko pakar3atA hai| lohapiNDa grAhya hai, saNDAsI grahaNa kA sAdhana hai aura lohAra grAhaka hai| ye tInoM pRthak-pRthak haiN| lohAra na ho, to saNDAsI lohapiNDa ko nahIM pakar3a sktii| AtmA ke cale jAne para indriya aura mana apane viSaya ko grahaNa nahIM kara paate|

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maiM kauna hU~ ? 97 15. pUrva saMskAra kI smRti - AtmA meM saMskAroM kA bhaMDAra bharA par3A hai| una saMskAroM kI smRti hotI rahatI hai / isa prakAra bhAratIya AtmavAdiyoM ne bahumukhI tarkoM dvArA AtmA aura punarjanma kA samarthana kiyA hai / AtmA cetanAmaya arUpI sattA hai| upayoga ( cetanA kI kriyA) usakA lakSaNa hai| jJAna-darzana, sukha-duHkha Adi dvArA vaha vyakta hotA hai / vaha vijJAtA hai / vaha zabda, rUpa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza nahIM hai / vaha lambA nahIM hai, choTA nahIM hai, Ter3hA nahIM hai, gola nahIM hai, caukonA nahIM hai, maMDalAkAra nahIM hai / vaha halakA nahIM hai, bhArI nahIM hai, strI aura puruSa nahIM hai / kalpanA se usakA mApa kiyA jAe, to vaha asaMkhya paramANu jitanA hai / isalie vaha jJAnamaya asaMkhya pradezoM kA piNDa hai / vaha arUpa hai; isalie dekhA nahIM jAtA / usakA cetanA guNa hameM milatA hai / guNa se guNI kA grahaNa hotA hai / isase usakA astitva hama jAna jAte haiM / vaha ekAntataH vANI dvArA pratipAdya aura tarka dvArA gamya nahIM hai / jaina- dRSTi se AtmA kA svarUpa 1. jIva svarUpataH anAdi-ananta aura nitya - anitya jIva anAdi-ananta (na Adi aura na anta) hai / avinAzI aura akSaya hai / dravya-naya kI apekSA se usakA svarUpa naSTa nahIM hotA, isalie nitya hai aura paryAya-naya kI apekSA se bhinna-bhinna vastuoM meM vaha pariNata hotA rahatA hai, isalie anitya hai / 2. saMsArI jIva aura zarIra kA abheda jaise piMjar3e se pakSI, ghar3e se bera aura gaMjI se AdamI bhinna hotA hai, vaise hI saMsArI jIva zarIra se bhinna hotA hai / jaise dUdha aura pAnI, tila aura tela, kusuma aura gaMdha - ye eka lagate haiM, vaise hI saMsAra dazA meM jIva aura zarIra eka lagate haiM / 3. jIva kA parimANe jIva kA zarIra ke anusAra saMkoca aura vistAra hotA hai / jo jIvana hAthI ke zarIra meM hotA hai, vaha kunthu (eka bahuta choTe kITa) ke zarIra meM bhI utpanna ho jAtA hai| saMkoca aura vistAra - donoM dazAoM maiM pradezasaMkhyA, avayava saMkhyA samAna rahatI hai / '' 4. AtmA aura kAla kI tulanA - anAdi - ananta kI dRSTi se

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98 ... jaina darzana aura saMskRti jaise kAla anAdi aura avinAzI hai, vaise hI jIva bhI tInoM kAloM meM anAdi aura avinAzI hai| 5. AtmA aura AkAza kI tulanA-amUrta kI dRSTi se jaise AkAza amUrta hai phira bhI vaha avagAha-guNa se jAnA jAtA hai, vaise hI jIva amUrta hai aura vaha vijJAna guNa se jAnA jAtA hai| 6. jIva aura jJAna Adi kA AdhAra-Adheya sambandha jaise pRthvI saba dravyoM kA AdhAra hai, vaise hI jIva jJAna Adi guNoM kA AdhAra hai| 7. jIva aura AkAza kI tulanA-nitya kI dRSTi se jaise AkAza tInoM kAloM meM akSaya, ananta aura atula hotA hai, vaise hI jIva bhI tInoM kAloM meM avinAzI-avasthita hotA hai| 8. jIva aura sone kI tulanA-nitya-anitya kI dRSTi se jaise sone ke mukuTa, kuNDala Adi aneka rUpa banate haiM, taba bhI vaha sonA hI rahatA hai, kevala nAma aura rUpa meM antara par3atA hai| ThIka usI prakAra cAroM gatiyoM meM bhramaNa karate hue jIva kI paryAyeM badalatI haiM--rUpa aura nAma badalate haiM--jIva dravya banA kA banA rahatA hai| 9. jIva kI karmakAra se tulanA-kartRtva aura bhoktRtva kI dRSTi se jaise karmakAra kArya karatA hai aura usakA phala bhogatA hai, vaise hI jIva svayaM karma karatA hai aura usakA phala bhogatA hai| 10. jIva aura sUrya kI tulanA-bhavAnuyAyitva kI dRSTi se jaise dina meM sUrya yahA~ prakAza karatA hai, taba dIkhatA hai aura rAta ko dUsare kSetra meM calA jAtA hai--prakAza karatA hai, taba dIkhatA nahIM, vaise hI vartamAna zarIra meM rahatA huA jIva use prakAzita karatA hai aura use chor3akara dUsare zarIra meM jA use prakAzita karane laga jAtA hai| 11. jIva kA jJAna-guNa se grahaNa jaise kamala, candana Adi kI sugandha kA rUpa nahIM dIkhatA, phira bhI ghANa ke dvArA usakA grahaNa hotA hai, vaise jIva ke nahIM dIkhane para bhI usakA jJAna-guNa ke dvArA grahaNa hotA hai| bhaMbhA (bherI), mRdaMga Adi ke zabda sune jAte haiM, kintu unakA rUpa nahIM dIkhatA, vaise hI jIva nahIM dIkhatA, tava bhI usakA jJAna-guNa ke dvArA grahaNa hotA hai|

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maiM kauna hU~ ? 12. jIva kA ceSTA-vizeSa dvArA grahaNa jaise kisI vyakti ke zarIra meM pizAca ghusa jAtA hai, taba yadyapi vaha nahIM dIkhatA, phira bhI AkAra aura ceSTAoM dvArA jAna liyA jAtA hai ki yaha puruSa pizAca se abhibhUta hai, vaise hI zarIra ke andara rahA huA jIva hAsya, nAca, sukha-duHkha, bolanA-calanA Adi-Adi vividha ceSTAoM dvArA jAnA jAtA hai| 13. jIva ke karma kA pariNamana jaise khAyA huA bhojana apane Apa sAta dhAtuoM ke rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai, vaise hI jIva dvArA grahaNa kiye hue karma-yogya pudgala apane Apa karmarUpa meM pariNata ho jAte haiN| 14. jIva aura karma kA anAdi sambandha aura usakA upAya dvArA visambandha . jaise sone aura miTTI kA saMyoga anAdi hai, vaise hI jIva aura karma kA saMyoga (sAhacarya) bhI anAdi hai| jaise agni Adi ke dvArA sonA miTTI se pRthak hotA hai, vaise hI jIva saMvara, tapasyA Adi upAyoM ke dvArA karma se pRthak ho jAtA hai| 15. jIva aura karma ke sambandha meM paurvAparya nahIM ... jaise murgI aura aNDe meM paurvAparya nahIM, vaise hI jIva aura karma meM bhI paurvAparya nahIM hai| donoM anAdi-sahagata haiN| bhAratIya darzanoM meM AtmA kA svarUpa . jaina darzana-jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA caitanya svarUpa, pariNAmI svarUpa ko akSuNNa rakhatA huA vibhinna avasthAoM meM pariNata hone vAlA, kartA aura bhoktA, svayaM apanI sat-asat pravRttiyoM se zubha-azubha karmoM kA saMcaya karane vAlA aura unakA phala bhogane vAlA, svadeha-parimANa, na aNu, na vibhu (sarvavyApaka), kintu madhyama parimANa kA hai| bauddha darzana-bauddha apane ko anAtmavAdI kahate haiN| ve AtmA ke astitva ko vastu-satya nahIM, kAlpanika-saMjJA (nAma) mAtra kahate haiN| kSaNa-kSaNa naSTa aura utpanna hone vAle vijJAna (cetanA) aura rUpa (bhautika tattva, kAyA) ke saMghAta saMsAra-yAtrA ke lie kAphI haiN| inase pare koI nitya AtmA nahIM hai| bauddha anAtmavAdI hote hue bhI karma, punarjanma aura mokSa ko svIkAra karate haiN| AtmA ke viSaya meM prazna pUche jAne para bauddha mauna rahe haiN| isakA kAraNa pUchane para buddha kahate haiM ki-"yadi maiM kahUM AtmA hai to loga zAzvatavAdI bana jAte haiM, yadi

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100 jaina darzana aura saMskRti yaha kahUM ki AtmA nahIM hai to loga ucchedavAdI ho jAte haiN| isalie una donoM kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie maiM mauna rahatA huuN|" __bauddha dArzanika nAgArjuna likhate haiM-"buddhaM ne yaha bhI kahA ki AtmA hai aura yaha bhI kahA ki AtmA nahIM hai| buddha ne AtmA yA anAtmA kisI kA bhI upadeza nahIM kiyaa|" buddha ne 'AtmA kyA hai, kahA~ se AyA hai aura kahA~ jAegA?'-ina praznoM ko avyAkRta kahakara duHkha aura duHkha-nirodha--ina do tattvoM kA hI mukhyatayA upadeza diyaa| buddha ne kahA--"tIra se Ahata puruSa ke ghAva ko ThIka karane kI bAta socanI caahie| tIra kahA~ se AyA, kisane mArA Adi-Adi prazna karanA vyartha hai|" - buddha kA yaha 'madhyama-mArga' kA dRSTikoNa hai| kucha bauddha dArzanika mana ko bhautika tattvoM (jar3a yA matter) se alaga svIkAra karate haiN| naiyAyika darzana-naiyAyikoM ke anusAra AtmA nitya aura vibhu hai| icchA, dveSa, prayatna, sukha-duHkha, jJAna-ye usake liMga haiN| inase hama usakA astitva jAnate haiN| sAMkhya darzana-sAMkhya darzana AtmA ko nitya aura niSkriya mAnatA hai, jaise "amUrtazcetano bhogI, nitya: sarvagato'kriyaH / akartA nirguNaH sUkSmaH, AtmA kapiladarzane // " sAMkhya darzana jIva ko kartA nahIM mAnatA, phala-bhoktA mAnatA haiN| usake manAnusAra kartRva-zakti prakRti hai| vaizeSika darzana-vaizeSika sukha-duHkha Adi kI samAnatA kI dRSTi se AtmaikyavAdI aura vyavasthA kI dRSTi se AtmAnaivayavAdI haiN| vedAnta darzana-vedAntI anta:karaNa se pariveSTita caitanya ko jIva batalAte haiN| unake anusAra- "eka eva hi bhUtAtmA, bhUte bhUte vyavasthita:"-svabhAvata: jIva eka hai, parantu dehAdi upAdhiyoM ke kAraNa nAnA pratIta hotA hai| __ parantu rAmAnuja-mata meM jIva ananta haiM, ve eka-dUsare se sarvathA pRthak haiN| upaniSad aura gItA ke anusAra AtmA zarIra se vilakSaNa, mana se bhinna, vibhu-vyApaka aura apariNAmI hai| vaha vANI dvArA agamya hai| usakA vistRta svarUpa neti-neti dvArA batAyA hai| vaha na sthUla hai, na . aNu hai, na kSudra hai, na vizAla hai, na aruNa hai, na drava hai, na chAyA hai, na tama hai, na vAyu hai, na AkAza

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maiM kauna hU~ ? 101 hai, na saMga hai, na rasa hai, na gandha hai, na netra hai, na karNa hai, na vANI hai, na mana hai, na teja hai, na prANa hai, na mukha hai, na antara hai, na bAhara hai| saMkSepa meMbauddha-AtmA sthAyI nahIM, cetanA kA pravAha mAtra hai| nyAya-vaizeSika-AtmA sthAyI hai, kintu cetanA usakA sthAyI svarUpa nhiiN| gaharI nIMda meM vaha cetanAvihIna ho jAtI hai| vaizeSika-mokSa meM AtmA kI cetanA naSTa ho jAtI hai| sAMkhya-AtmA sthAyI, anAdi, anaMta, avikArI, nitya aura citsvarUpa hai| buddhi acetana hai--prakRti kA vivarta hai| mImAMsaka-AtmA meM avasthA-bheda-kRta bheda hotA hai, phira bhI vaha nitya hai| jaina-AtmA parivartana-yukta, sthAyI aura citsvarUpa hai| buddhi bhI cetana hai| gaharI nIMda yA mUrchA meM cetanA hotI hai, usakI abhivyakti nahIM hotI, sUkSma abhivyakti hotI bhI hai| mokSa meM cetanA kA sahaja upayoga (jJAna-darzana rUpa vyApAra) hotA hai| cetanA kI AvRta-dazA meM use pravRtta karanA par3atA hai-anAvRta-dazA meM vaha satata pravRtta rahatI hai| aupaniSadika dRSTi aura jaina-dRSTi kI tulanA aupaniSadika sRSTi-krama meM AtmA kA sthAna pahalA hai| 'AtmA' zabda-vAcya brahma se AkAza utpanna huaa| AkAza se vAyu, vAyu se agni, agni se pAnI, pAnI se pRthvI, pRthvI se auSadhiyA~, auSadhiyoM se anna aura anna se puruSa utpanna huaa| vaha yaha puruSa anna-rasamaya hI hai--anna aura rasa kA vikAra hai| isa anna-rasamaya puruSa kI tulanA audArika zarIra se hotI hai| isake sira Adi aMgopAMga mAne gae haiN| prANamaya AtmA (zarIra) annamaya koSa kI bhAMti puruSAkAra hai| kintu usakI bhA~ti aMgopAMga vAlA nahIM hai| pahale koza kI puruSAkAratA ke anusAra hI uttaravartI koza puruSAkAra hai| pahalA koza uttaravartI koza se pUrNa, vyApta yA bharA huA hai| isa prANamaya zarIra kI tulanA zvAsocchvAsa-paryApti se kI jA sakatI hai| prANamaya AtmA jaise annamaya koza ke bhItara rahatA hai, vaise hI manomaya AtmA prANamaya koza ke bhItara rahatA hai| isa manomaya zarIra kI tulanA mana:-paryApti se ho sakatI hai| manomaya koza ke bhItara vijJAnamaya koza hai| nizcayAtmikA buddhi jo hai, vahIM vijJAna hai| vaha anta:karaNa kA adhyavasAya-rUpa dharma hai| isa nizcayAtmikA buddhi se utpanna hone vAlA AtmA

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102 __ jaina darzana aura saMskRti vijJAnamaya hai| isakI tulanA bhAva-mana, cetana-mana se hotI hai| vijJAnamaya AtmA ke bhItara Anandamaya AtmA rahatA hai| isakI tulanA AtmA kI sukhAnubhUti kI dazA se ho sakatI hai| sajIva aura nirjIva padArtha kA pRthakkaraNa prANa aura aprANI meM kyA bheda hai? yaha prazna kitanI bAra hRdaya ko AMdolita nahIM karatA? prANa pratyakSa nahIM haiN| unakI jAnakArI ke lie kisI eka lakSaNa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| yaha lakSaNa paryApti hai| paryApti ke dvArA prANI visadRza dravyoM (pudgaloM) kA grahaNa, svarUpa meM pariNamana aura visarjana karatA hai| jIva ajIva nahIM 1. prajanana-zakti (saMtati-utpAdana) prajanana-zakti nhiiN| 2. vRddhi vRddhi nhiiN| 3. AhAra-grahaNa,' svarUpa meM pariNamana, visrjn| nahIM 4. jAgaraNa, nIMda, parizrama, vizrAma nahIM nahIM . . 5. Atma-rakSA ke lie pravRtti 6. bhaya-trAsa kI anubhUti hindI vizva bhAratI, khaNDa 1, pR. 41, 50 : (ka) kRtrima udbhija apane Apa bar3ha jAtA hai| phira bhI sajIva paudhe kI bar3hatI aura isakI bar3hatI meM gaharA antara hai| sajIva paudhA apane Apa hI apane. kalevara ke bhItara hone vAlI svAbhAvika prakriyAoM ke phalasvarUpa bar3hatA hai| isake viparIta......: jar3a padArtha se taiyAra kiyA huA udbhija bAharI kriyA kA hI pariNAma hai| . (kha) sajIva padArtha bar3hate haiM aura nirjIva nahIM bar3hate, lekina kyA cInI kA 'ravA' cInI ke saMpRkta ghola meM rakhe jAne para nahIM bar3hatA? yahI bAta pattharoM aura kucha caTTAnoM ke bAre meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai, jo pRthvI ke nIce se bar3hakara choTe yA bar3he AkAra grahaNa kara lete haiN| eka ora hama Ama kI guThalI se eka patalI zAkhA nikalate hue dekhate haiM aura ise eka choTe paudhe aura anta meM eka pUre vRkSa ke rUpa meM bar3hate hue pAte haiM, aura ___ dUsarI ora eka pille ko dhIre-dhIre bar3hate hue dekhate haiM kramaza: .....

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-maiM kauna hU~ ? 103 bhASA (vANI - prayoga kI kSamatA) ajIva meM nahIM hotI kintu saba jIvoM meM bhI nahIM hotI--trasa jIvoM meM hotI hai, sthAvara jIvoM meM nahIM hotI -- isalie yaha jIva kA lakSaNa nahIM banatA / kramaza : aura eka dina vaha pUre kutte ke barAbara ho jAtA hai lekina ina donoM prakAra ke bar3hAva meM antara hai| cInI ke rave yA patthara kA bar3hAva unakI sataha para adhikAdhika nae parta ke jamAva hone kI vajaha se hotA hai / parantu isake viparIta choTe per3a yA pille apane zarIra ke bhItara khAdya padArthoM ke grahaNa karane se bar3hakara pUre DIlaDaula ke ho jAte haiM / ataeva pazuoM aura paudhoM kA bar3hAva bhItara se hotA hai aura nirjIva padArthoM kA bar3hAva yadi hotA hai to bAhara se / 1 - 2. hindI vizva bhAratI, khaNDa 1, pR. 42 : prANI sajIva aura ajIva donoM prakAra kA AhAra lete haiM kintu use lene ke bAda vaha saba ajIva ho jAtA hai| ajIva padArthoM ko jIva svarUpa meM kaise parivartita karate haiM, yaha Aja bhI vijJAna ke lie rahasya hai / vaijJAnikoM ke anusAra vRkSa nirjIva padArthoM se banA AhAra lete haiM / vaha usameM pahu~cakara sajIva koSoM kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai / ve nirjIva padArtha sajIva bana gae, isakA zreya 'klorophila' ko hai / vaijJAnika isa rahasyamaya paddhati ko nahIM jAna sake haiM, jisake dvArA 'klorophila' nirjIva ko sajIva meM parivartita kara detA hai / jaina- dRSTi ke anusAra nirjIva AhAra ko svarUpa meM pariNata karane vAlI zakti AhAra-paryApti hai| vaha jIvana-zakti kI AdhAra-zilA hotI haiM aura usI ke sahakAra se zarIra Adi kA nirmANa hotA hai / --lajjAvatI kI pattiyAM sparza karate hI mUrcchita ho jAtI haiM / Apa jAnate haiM ki AkAza meM vidyut kA prahAra hote hI khetoM meM carate hue mRgoM kA jhuNDa bhayabhIta hokara titara-bitara ho jAtA hai / vATikA meM vihAra karate hue vihaMgoM meM kolAhala maca jAtA hai aura khATa para soyA huA abodha bAlaka cauMka par3atA hai parantu kheta kI mer3a vATikA ke phavvAre tathA bAlaka kI khATa para spaSTatayA koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| aisA kyoM hotA hai, kyA kabhI Apane isakI ora dhyAna diyA ? ina sArI ghaTanAoM kI jar3a meM eka hI rahasya hai aura yaha bhI sajIva prakRti kI pradhAnatA hai / yaha jIvoM kI uttejanA - zakti aura pratikriyA hai / yaha guNa lajjAvatI, hariNa, vihaMga, bAlaka athavA anya jIvoM meM upasthita hai, parantu kisI meM kama, kisI meM adhika / AghAta ke atirikta anya aneka kAraNoM kA bhI prANiyoM para prabhAva par3atA hai|

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104 jaina darzana aura saMskRti ... gati jIva aura ajIva donoM meM hotI hai kiMtu icchApUrvaka yA sahetuka gati-Agati tathA gati-Agati kA vijJAna kevala jIvoM meM hotA hai, ajIva padArtha meM nhiiN| ajIva ke cAra prakAra-dharma-dravya, adharma-dravya, AkAza aura kAla gatizIla nahIM hai, kevala pudgala gatizIla hai| usake donoM rUpa paramANu aura skandha (paramANu-samudAya) gatizIla haiN| inameM naisargika aura prAyogika-donoM prakAra kI gati hotI hai| sthUla-skandha prayoga ke binA gati nahIM krte| sUkSma-skandha sthUla-prayatna ke binA bhI gati karate haiN| isalie unameM icchApUrvaka gati aura caitanya kA bhrama ho jAtA hai| sUkSma-vAyu ke dvArA spaSTa pudgala-skandhoM meM kampana, prakampana, calana, kSobha, spandana, ghaTTana, udIraNA aura vicitra AkRtiyoM kA pariNamana dekhakara vibhaMga-ajJAnI (mithyAtvI kA avadhi-jJAna vibhaMga-ajJAna kahalAtA hai) ko 'ye saba jIva haiM'-aisA bhrama ho jAtA hai| ajIva meM jIva yA aNu meM kITANu kA bhrama hone kA kAraNa unakA gati aura AkRti sambandhI sAmya hai| jIvatva kI abhivyakti ke sAdhana utthAna, bala, vIrya haiN| ve zarIra-sApekSa haiN| zarIra paudgalika hai| isalie cetana dvArA svIkRta pudgala aura cetana-mukta pudgala meM gati aura AkRti ke dvArA bheda-rekhA nahIM khIMcI jA sktii|' jIva ke vyAvahArika lakSaNa sajAtIya-janma, vRddhi, sajAtIya-utpAdana, kSata-saMrohaNa (ghAva bharane kI zakti) aura aniyamita tiryaga-gati-ye jIvoM ke vyAvahArika lakSaNa haiN| eka mazIna khA sakatI hai, lekina khAdya rasa ke dvArA apane zarIra ko bar3hA nahIM sktii| kisI hada taka apanA niyaMtraNa karane vAlI mazIneM bhI haiN| TArapIr3o meM svayaM-cAlaka zakti hai, phira bhI ve na to sajAtIya yantra kI deha se utpanna hote haiM aura na kisI sajAtIya yantra ko utpanna karate haiN| aisA koI yantra nahIM jo apanA ghAva khada bhara sake yA manuSyakRta niyamana ke binA idhara-udhara ghUma sake tiryaga-gati kara ske| eka relagAr3I paTarI para apanA bojha liye pavana-vega se daur3a sakatI hai, para usase kucha dUrI para reMgane vAlI eka cIMTI ko bhI vaha nahIM mAra sakatI / 1. hindI vizvabhAratI, khaNDa 1. pR. 138 : soDiyama dhAtu ke Tukar3e pAnI meM tairakuA kIr3oM kI taraha tIvratA se idhara-udhara daur3ate haiM aura zIghra hI rAsAyanika kriyA ke kAraNa samApta hokara lupta ho jAte haiN|

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maiM kauna hU~ ? 105 cIMTI meM cetanA hai, vaha idhara-udhara ghUmatI hai| relagAr3I jar3a hai, usameM vaha zakti nahIM / yantra-kriyA kA niyAmaka bhI cetanAvAn prANI hai / isalie yantra aura prANI kI sthiti eka sI nahIM hai| lakSaNa jIvadhAriyoM kI apanI vizeSatAeM haiN| jar3a meM ye nahIM milatIM / 1 jIva ke naizcayika lakSaNa AtmA kA naizcayika lakSaNa cetanA hai / prANI mAtra meM usakA nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM sadbhAva hotA hai / yadyapi sattA rUpa meM caitanya zakti saba prANiyoM meM anaMta hotI hai, para vikAsa kI apekSA vaha saba meM eka-sI nahIM hotI / jJAna ke AvaraNa kI prabalatA evaM durbalatA ke anusAra usakA vikAsa nyUna yA adhika hotA hai / ekendriya vAle jIvoM meM bhI kama se kama eka (sparzana) indriya kA anubhava milegA / yadi vaha na rahe, taba phira jIva aura ajIva meM koI antara nahIM rhtaa| jIva aura ajIva kA bheda batalAte hue zAstroM meM kahA gayA hai -- "kevalajJAna (pUrNajJAna) kA anantavAM bhAga to saba jIvoM ke vikasita rahatA hai / yadi vaha bhI AvRta ho jAe to jIva ajIva bana jaae| " madhyama aura virAT parimANa upaniSadoM meM AtmA ke parimANa kI vibhinna kalpanAeM milatI haiM / yaha manomaya puruSa (AtmA) antara hRdaya meM cAvala yA jau ke dAne jitanA hai / yaha AtmA pradeza- mAtra (aMgUThe ke sire se tarjanI ke sire taka kI dUrI jitanA ) hai yaha AtmA zarIra-vyApI hai / yaha AtmA sarva vyApI hai / hRdaya-kamala ke bhItara yaha AtmA pRthvI, antarikSa, dyuloka athavA ina saba lokoM kI apekSA bar3A hai 1 | jaina darzana meM jIva saMkhyA kI dRSTi se ananta haiM / pratyeka jIva ke pradeza yA avibhAgI avayava asaMkhya haiN| jIva asaMkhya- pradezI hai / ataH vyApta hone kI kSamatA kI dRSTi se loka ke samAna virAT hai / 'kevalI - samudghAta' kI prakriyA meM AtmA kucha samaya ke lie vyApaka bana jAtI hai| 'maraNa-samudaghAna' ke samaya bhI AMzika vyApakatA hotI hai 1 pradeza- saMkhyA kI dRSTi se dharma-dravya, adharma- dravya, AkAza aura jIva-ye cAra samatulya haiM, avagAha kI dRSTi se sama nahIM haiM / dharma-dravya, adharma - dravya aura AkAza svIkArAtmaka pravRtti aura kriyA-pratikriyAtmaka pravRtti se zUnya haiM, isalie unake parimANa meM koI parivartana nahIM hotA / saMsArI jIvoM meM pudgaloM kA svIkaraNa aura unakI kriyA-pratikriyA - ye donoM pravRttiyA~ hotI haiM, isalie unakA

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106 jaina darzana aura saMskRti parimANa sadA samAna nahIM rhtaa| vaha saMkucita yA vikasita hotA rahatA hai| phira bhI aNu jitanA saMkucita aura lokAkAza jitanA vikasita (kevalI samudghAta ke sivAya) nahIM hotA, isalie jIva madhyama parimANa kI koTi ke hote haiN| saMkoca aura vikoca jIvoM kI svAbhAvika prakriyA nahIM hai-ve kArmaNa zarIra-sApekSa hote haiN| karma-yukta dazA meM jIva zarIra kI maryAdA meM baMdhe hue haiM isalie unakA parimANa svatantra nahIM hotaa| kArmaNa zarIra kA choTApana aura moTApana gati-catuSTaya-sApekSa (deva, nAraka, manuSya aura tiryaMca-ye cAra gati hai) hotA hai| muktta-dazA meM saMkoca-vikoca nahIM, vahA~ carama zarIra ke Thosa (do tihAI) bhAga meM AtmA kA jo avagAha hotA hai, vahI raha jAtA hai| AtmA ke saMkoca-vikoca kI dIpaka ke prakAza se tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| khule AkAza meM rakhe hue dIpaka kA prakAza amuka parimANa kA hotA hai| usI dIpaka ko yadi koTharI meM rakha deM, to vahI prakAza koTharI meM samA jAtA hai| eka ghar3e ke nIce rakhate haiM, to ghar3e meM samA jAtA hai| DhaMkanI ke nIce rakhate haiM to DhaMkanI meM samA jAtA hai| usI prakAra kArmaNa zarIra ke AvaraNa se Atma-pradezoM kA bhI saMkoca aura vistAra hotA rahatA hai| jo AtmA bAlaka zarIra meM rahatI hai, vahI AtmA yuvA-zarIra meM rahatI hai aura vahI vRddha-zarIra meN| sthUla-zarIra-vyApI AtmA kRza-zarIra-vyApI ho jAtI hai| kRza-zarIra-vyApI AtmA sthUla-zarIra-vyApI ho jAtI hai| isa viSaya meM eka zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki AtmA ko zarIra-parimANa mAnane se vaha avayava-sahita ho jAegI aura avayava-sahita ho jAne se vaha anitya ho jAegI, kyoMki jo avayava-sahita hotA hai, vaha vizaraNazIla-anitya hotA hai| ghar3A avayava-sahita hai, ata: anitya hai| isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki yaha koI niyama nahIM ki jo avayava-sahita hotA hai, vaha vizaraNazIla hI hotA hai| jaise ghar3e kA AkAza, paTa kA AkAza ityAdika rUpatA se AkAza sAvayava hai aura nitya hai, vaise hI AtmA bhI sAvayava aura nitya hai aura jo avayava kisI kAraNa se ikaTTe hote haiM, ve hI phira alaga ho sakate haiN| isake atirikta jo avibhAgI avayava haiM, ve avayavI se kabhI pRthak nahIM ho skte| . vizva kI koI bhI vastu ekAMta (nirapekSa) rUpa se nitya aura anitya nahIM hai, kintu nityAnitya hai| AtmA nitya bhI hai, anitya bhI hai| AtmA kA caitanya-svarUpa kadApi nahIM chUTatA, ata: AtmA nitya hai| AtmA ke pradeza kabhI saMkucita rahate haiM, kabhI vikasita rahate haiM, kabhI sukha meM, kabhI duHkha meM--ityAdi kAraNoM se tathA paryAyAntara se AtmA anitya hai| ata: syAdvAda kI dRSTi se sAvayavatA bhI AtmA ke zarIra-parimANa hone meM bAdhaka nahIM hai|

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maiM kauna hU~ ? baddha aura mukta I AtmA do prakAra kI hai - baddha AtmA aura mukta AtmA / karmabandhana TUTane se jinakA AtmIya svarUpa prakaTa ho jAtA hai, ve mukta AtmAeM hotI haiM / ve bhI ananta haiN| unake zarIra evaM zarIra-janya kriyA, janma-mRtyu Adi kucha bhI nahIM hote / ve Atma-rUpa ho jAtI haiM / ataeva unheM sat-cit-Ananda kahA jAtA hai 1 jo saMsArI AtmAeM haiM, ve karma-baddha hone ke kAraNa aneka yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karatI haiM, karma karatI haiM aura unakA phala bhogatI haiM / ye mukta AtmAoM se anantAnanta gunI hotI haiM / mukta AtmAoM kA astitva pRthak-pRthak hotA hai, tathApi unake svarUpa meM pUrNa samatA hotI hai / saMsArI jIvoM meM bhI svarUpa kI dRSTi se aikya hotA hai kintu vaha karma se AvRta rahatA hai aura karmakRta bhinnatA se ve vividha vargoM meM baMTa jAte haiM, jaise pRthvIkAyika jIva, apkAyika jIva Adi jIvoM ke chaha nikAya / ye zArIrika paramANuoM kI bhinnatA ke anusAra haiN| saba jIvoM ke zarIra eka-se nahIM hote / kinhIM jIvoM kA zarIra pRthvI hotA hai, to kinhIM kA paanii| isa prakAra pRthak-pRthak paramANuoM ke zarIra banate haiM / inameM pRthvIkAya, apkAya, tejaskAya aura vAyukAya ke asaMkhyAta, vanaspatikAya ke ananta tathA trasakAya ke asaMkhyAta jIva hote haiM / 107. trasaMkAya ke jIva sthUla hI hote haiN| zeSa pA~ca nikAya ke jIva sthUla aura 'sUkSma - donoM prakAra ke hote haiM / sUkSma jIvoM se samUcA loka bharA hai / sthUla jIva bhUmi Adi AdhAra binA nahIM raha sakate; ataH ve loka ke thor3e bhAga haiM I eka-eka kAya meM kitane jIva haiM, yaha upamA ke dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai-- eka hare AMvale ke samAna miTTI ke Dhele meM jo pRthvI ke jIva haiM, una saba meM se pratyeka kA zarIra kabUtara jitanA bar3A kiyA jAe, to ve eka lAkha yojana lambe-caur3e jambUdvIpa meM nahIM samAte / pAnI kI bUMda meM jitane jIva haiM, unameM se pratyeka kA zarIra sarasoM ke dAne ke samAna banAyA jAe, to ve ukta jambUdvIpa meM nahIM samAte / eka cinagArI ke jIvoM meM se pratyeka ke zarIra ko lIkha ke samAna kiyA jAe, to ve bhI jambUdvIpa meM nahIM samAte / nIma ke patte ko chUne vAlI havA meM jitane jIva haiM, una saba meM se pratyeka ke zarIra ko khasa-khasa ke dAnoM ke samAna kiyA jAe to ve jambUdvIpa meM nahIM samAte / Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra sUkSma jIvANu, kITANu, viSANu Adi bahusaMkhyA meM utpanna hote haiN| eka Alapina ke sire jitane sthAna meM 100000 sUkSma jIva samA jAte haiM /

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108 jaina darzana aura saMskRti zarIra aura AtmA zarIra aura AtmA kA kyA sambandha hai? mAnasika vicAroM kA hamAre zarIra tathA mastiSka ke sAtha kyA sambandha hai? ina praznoM ke uttara meM tIna vAda prasiddha 1. eka pAkSika-kriyAvAda (bhuut-caitnyvaad)| 2. manodaihika sahacaravAda / 3. anyonyaashryvaad| bhUta-caitanyavAdI kevala zArIrika vyApAroM ko hI mAnasika vyApAroM kA kAraNa mAnate haiN| unakI sammati meM AtmA zarIra kI upaja hai| mastiSka kI vizeSa koSTha-kriyA hI cetanA hai| ye prakRtivAdI bhI kahe jAte haiN| AtmA ko prakRti-janya siddha karane ke lie ye isa prakAra apanA abhimata prastuta karate haiN| pAcana AmAzaya kI kriyA kA nAma hai| zvAsocchvAsa phephar3oM kI kriyA kA nAma hai| vaise hI cetanA (AtmA) mastiSka kI koSa-kriyA kA nAma hai| yaha bhUta-caitanyavAda kA eka saMkSipta rUpa hai| AtmavAdI isakA nirasana isa prakAra karate haiM--"cetanA mastiSka ke koSoM kI kriyA hai|" isameM dvayarthaka kriyA zabda kA samAnArthaka prayoga kiyA gayA hai| AmAzaya kI kriyA aura mastiSka kI kriyA meM bar3A bhArI antara hai| kriyA zabda kA do bAra kA prayoga vicAra-bheda kA dyotaka hai| jaba hama yaha kahate haiM ki pAcana AmAzaya kI kriyA kA nAma hai, taba pAcana aura AmAzaya kI kriyA meM bheda nahIM smjhte| para jaba mastiSka kI koSa-kriyA kA vicAra karate haiM; taba usa kriyA-mAtra ko cetanA nahIM smjhte| cetanA kA vicAra karate haiM, taba mastiSka kI koSa-kriyA kA kisI prakAra kA dhyAna nahIM aataa| ye donoM ghaTanAeM sarvathA vibhinna haiN| pAcana se AmAzaya kI kriyA kA bodha ho AtA hai aura AmAzaya kI kriyA se pAcana kaa| pAcana aura AmAzaya kI kriyA-ye do ghaTanAeM nahIM, eka hI kriyA ke do nAma haiN| AmAzaya, hRdaya aura mastiSka tathA zarIra ke sAre avayava cetanAhIna tattva se bane hue hote haiN| cetanAhIna se cetanA utpanna nahIM ho sktii| isI Azaya ko spaSTa karate hue pAdarI baTadAra ne likhA hai-"Apa hAiDrojana tattva ke mRta paramANu, AksIjana tattva ke mRta paramANu, kArbana tattva ke mRta paramANu, nAiTrojana ke mRta paramANu, phAsphorasa tattva ke mRta paramANu tathA bArUda kI bhAMti una samasta tattvoM ke mRta paramANu jinase mastiSka banA hai, le liijie| vicArie ki ye paramANu pRthak-pRthak evaM jJAna-zUnya haiM, phira vicArie ki ye paramANu sAtha-sAtha daur3a rahe haiM

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maiM kauna hU~ ? ! 109 aura paraspara mizrita hokara jitane prakAra ke skaMdha ho sakate haiM, banA rahe haiN| isa zuddha yAMtrika kriyA kA citra Apa apane mana meM khIMca sakate haiN| kyA yaha ApakI dRSTi, svapna yA vicAra meM A sakatA hai ki isa yAMtrika kriyA evaM ina mRta paramANuoM se bodha, vicAra evaM bhAvanAeM utpanna ho sakatI haiM? kyA phAMsoM ke khaTapaTAne se homara kavi yA bilayarDa khela kI geMda ke khanakhanAne se avakala gaNita (Differential Calculus) nikala sakatA hai ?.......Aja manuSya kI isa jijJAsA ki paramANuoM ke paraspara sammizraNa kI yAMtrika kriyA se jJAna kI utpatti kaise ho gaI, santoSaprada uttara nahIM de sakate / " pAcana aura zvAsocchvAsa kI kriyA se cetanA kI tulanA bhI truTipUrNa hai| ye donoM kriyAeM svayaM acetana haiN| acetana mastiSka kI kriyA cetanA nahIM ho sktii| isalie yaha mAnanA hogA ki cetanA eka svataMtra sattA hai, mastiSka kI upaja nhiiN| * zArIrika vyApAroM ko. hI mAnasika vyApAroM ke kAraNa mAnane vAloM ko dUsarI Apatti yaha AtI hai ki-"maiM apanI icchA ke anusAra calatA hU~-mere bhAva zArIrika parivartanoM ko paidA karane vAle haiM" ityAdi prayoga nahIM kiye jA skte| _ 'manodaihika sahacaravAda' ke anusAra mAnasika tathA zArIrika vyApAra paraspara sahakArI haiM; isake sivAya donoM meM kisI prakAra kA saMbaMdha nhiiN| isa vAda kA uttara anyonyAzrayavAda hai| usake anusAra zArIrika kriyAoM kA mAnasika vyApAroM para evaM mAnasika vyApAroM kA zArIrika kriyAoM para asara hotA hai| jaise 1. mastiSka kI bImArI se mAnasika zakti durbala ho jAtI hai| 2. mastiSka ke parimANa ke anusAra mAnasika zakti kA vikAsa hotA hai| sAdhAraNatayA puruSoM kA dimAga 46 se 50 yA 52 auMsa taka kA aura striyoM kA 44-48 auMsa taka kA hotA hai| deza-vizeSa ke anusAra inameM kucha nyUnAdhikatA bhI pAyI jAtI hai| apavAda rUpa asAdhAraNa mAnasika zakti vAloM kA dimAga ausata parimANa se bhI nIce darje kA pAyA gayA hai| para sAdhAraNa niyamAnusAra dimAga ke parimANa aura mAnasika vikAsa kA sambandha rahatA hai| 3. bAhmIghRta Adi vividha auSadhiyoM se mAnasika vikAsa ko sahArA milatA hai| 4. dimAga para AghAta hone se smaraNa-zavita kSINa ho jAtI hai| 5. dimAga kA eka vizeSa bhAga mAnasika zakti ke sAtha saMbaMdhita hai, usakI kSati se mAnasa-zakti meM hAni hotI hai|

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti mAnasika kriyA kA zarIra para prabhAva 1. nirantara ciMtA evaM dimAgI parizrama se zarIra thaka jAtA hai| 2. sukha-duHkha kA zarIra para prabhAva hotA hai| 3. udAsIna vRtti evaM ciMtA se pAcana-zakti maMda ho jAtI hai, zarIra kRza ho jAtA hai| krodha Adi se rakta viSAkta bana jAtA hai| ina ghaTanAoM ke avalokana ke bAda zarIra aura mana ke pArasparika saMbaMdha ke bAre meM saMdeha kA koI avakAza nahIM rhtaa| isa prakAra anyonyAzrayavAdI mAnasika evaM zArIrika sambandha ke nirNaya taka pahuMca ge| donoM zaktiyoM kA pRthak astitva svIkAra kara liyA kiMtu unake sAmane eka ulajhana aba taka bhI maujUda hai| do visadRza padArthoM ke bIca kArya-kAraNa kA saMbaMdha kaise? isakA ve . abhI samAdhAna nahIM kara pAe haiN| do visadRza padArthoM (arUpa aura sarUpa) kA saMbaMdha . AtmA aura zarIra--ye vijAtIya dravya haiN| AtmA cetana aura arUpa hai, zarIra acetana aura sruup| isa dazA meM donoM kA saMbaMdha kaise ho sakatA hai? isakA samAdhAna jaina darzana meM kiyA gayA hai| saMsArI AtmA sUkSma aura sthUla, ina do prakAra ke zarIroM se veSTita rahatA hai| eka janma se dUsare janma meM jAne ke samayaM sthUla zarIra chUTa jAtA hai, sUkSma zarIra nahIM chuutttaa| sUkSma zarIradhArI jIvoM ko eka ke bAda dUsare-tIsare sthUla zarIra kA nirmANa karanA par3atA hai| sUkSma zarIradhArI jIva hI dUsarA zarIra dhAraNa karate haiM, isalie amUrta jIva mUrta zarIra meM kaise praveza karate haiM--yaha prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| sUkSma zarIra aura AtmA kA sambandha apazcAnupUrvI hai| apazcAnupUrvI use kahA jAtA hai, jahA~ pahale-pIche kA koI vibhAga nahIM hotA--paurvAparya nahIM nikAlA jA sktaa| tAtparya yaha huA ki unakA sambandha anAdi hai| isIlie saMsAra-dazA meM jIva kathaMcit mUrta bhI hai| unakA amUrta rUpa videhadazA meM prakaTa hotA hai| yaha sthiti banane para phira unakA mUrta dravya se koI sambandha nahIM rahatA kiMtu saMsAra-dazA meM jIva aura pudgala kA kathaMcit sAdRzya hotA hai, isalie unakA sambandha honA asaMbhava nhiiN| 'amUrta ke sAtha mUrta kA sambandha nahIM ho sakatA'--yaha tarka prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, yaha ucita hai| inameM kriyA-pratikriyAtmaka sambandha nahIM ho sktaa| arUpa (brahma) kA sarUpa (jagat) ke sAtha sambandha sthApita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| arUpa bahma ke rUpa-praNayana kI vedAnta darzana ke lie eka jaTila samasyA

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maiM kauna hU~ ? hai| saMgati se asaMgati (brahma se jagat) aura asaMgati se phira saMgati. kI ora gati kyoM hotI hai? yaha use aura adhika jaTila banA detI hai| amUrta AtmA ke mUrta zarIra ke sAtha sambandha kI sthiti jaina darzana ke sAmane vaisI hI ulajhana bharI hai, kintu vastuvRttyA vaha usase bhinna hai| jaina-dRSTi ke anusAra arUpa kA rUpa-praNayana nahIM ho sktaa| saMsArI AtmAeM arUpa nahIM hotii| unakA vizuddha rUpa amUrta hotA hai, kintu saMsAra-dazA meM usakI prApti nahIM hotii| unakI arUpa-sthiti mukta-dazA meM banatI hai| usake bAda unakA sarUpa ke ghAta-pratyAghAtoM se koI lagAva nahIM hotaa| vijJAna aura AtmA bhautikavAdI vaijJAnikoM kI samIkSA __bahuta se pazcimI vaijJAnika AtmA ko mana se alaga nahIM maante| unakI dRSTi meM mana aura mastiSka kriyA eka hai| dUsare zabdoM meM mana aura mastiSka paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| pAvalopha ne isakA samarthana kiyA hai ki smRti mastiSka (cerebrum) kI karor3oM kozikAoM (cells) kI kriyA hai| pAvalopha ke siddhAnta ko pravRttivAda kahate haiN| usakA kahanA hai ki samasta mAnasika kriyAeM zArIrika pravRtti ke sAtha hotI haiN| mAnasika kriyA aura zArIrika pravRtti abhinna hI hai| bargasAM jisa yukti ke bala para AtmA ke astitva kI AvazyakatA anubhava karatA hai, usake mUlabhUta tathya smRti ko 'pAvalopha' mastiSka ke kozikAoM kI kriyA batalAtA hai| poTo ke negeTiva pleTa meM jisa prakAra pratibimba khIMce hue hote haiM, usI prakAra mastiSka meM atIta ke citra pratibimbita rahate haiN| jaba unheM tadanukUla sAmagrI dvArA naI preraNA milatI hai, taba ve jAgRta ho jAte haiM, nimna stara se UparI stara meM A jAte haiM; isI kA nAma smRti hai| isake lie bhautika tattvoM se pRthak anvayI AtmA mAnane kI koI AvazyakatA nhiiN| bhUtAdvaitavAdI vaijJanikoM ne bhautika prayoga ke dvArA abhautika sattA kA nAstitva siddha karane kI bahumukhI ceSTAeM kI haiM, phira bhI bhautika prayogoM kA kSetra bhautikatA taka hI sImita rahatA hai, amUrta AtmA yA mana kA nAstitva siddha karane meM usakA adhikAra sampanna nahIM hotaa| mana bhautika aura abhautika donoM prakAra kA hotA hai| mana, cintana, tarka, anumAna, smRti 'tadevedam' isa prakAra saMkalanAtmaka jJAna-atIta aura vartamAna jJAna kI jor3a karanA, ye kArya abhautika mana ke haiN| bhautika mana usakI jJAnAtmaka pravRtti kA sAdhana hai| ise hama mastiSka yA 'aupacArika jJAna-taMtu' bhI kaha sakate

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112 jaina darzana aura saMskRti haiM / mastiSka zarIra kA avayava hai / usa para vibhinna prayoga karane para mAnasika sthiti meM parivartana pAyA jAe, ardha-smaraNa yA vismaraNa Adi mile, yaha koI Azcaryajanaka ghaTanA nahIM kyoMki kAraNa ke abhAva meM kArya abhivyakta nahIM hotA, yaha nizcita tathya hamAre sAmane hai / bhautikavAdI to mastiSka bhI bhautika hai yA aura kucha -- isa samasyA meM ulajhe hue haiM / ve kahate haiM "mana sirpha bhautika tattva nahIM hai / aisA hone para usake vicitra guNa - cetana - kriyAoM kI vyAkhyA nahIM ho sakatI / mana (mastiSka) meM aise naye guNa dekhe jAte haiM, jo pahale bhautika tattvoM meM maujUda na the, isalie bhautika tattvoM aura mana ko eka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| sAtha hI bhautika tattvoM se mana itanA dUra bhI nahIM hai ki use bilakula hI eka alaga tattva mAnA jaae| " ina paMktiyoM se yaha samajhA jAtA hai ki vaijJAnika jagat mana ke viSaya meM . hI nahIM, kintu mana ke sAdhanabhUta mastiSka ke bAre meM bhI kitanA saMdigdha hai / mastiSka ko atIta ke pratibimboM kA vAhaka aura smRti kA sAdhana mAnakara svataMtra cetanA kA lopa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / mastiSka phoTo ke negeTiva pleTa kI bhAMti vartamAna citroM ko khIMca sakatA hai, surakSita rakha sakatA hai, isa kalpanA ke AdhAra para use smRrti kA sAdhana bhale hI mAnA jAe, kintu isa sthiti meM vaha bhaviSya kI kalpanA nahIM kara sakatA / usameM kevala ghaTanAeM aMkita ho sakatI haiM, para usake pIche chipe hue kAraNa svatantra cetanAtmaka vyakti kA astitva mAneM binA nahIM jAne jA skte| " yaha kyoM ? yaha hai to aisA honA cAhie, aisA nahIM honA cAhie, yaha nahIM ho sakatA, yaha vahI hai, isakA pariNAma yaha hogA " - ityAdi jJAna kI kriyAeM apanA svatantra astitva siddha karatI haiN| pleTa kI citrAvalI meM niyamana hotA hai| pratibimbita citra ke atirikta usameM aura kucha bhI nahIM hotA / yaha niyama mAnava-mana para lAgU nahIM hotA / vaha atIta kI dhAraNAoM ke AdhAra para bar3e-bar3e niSkarSa nikAlatA hai, bhaviSya kA mArga nirNIta karatA hai isalie isa dRSTAMta kI bhI mAnasa - kriyA meM saMgati nahIM hotI / tarkazAstra aura vijJAna - zAstra aMkita pratibimboM ke pariNAma nahIM haiM / adRSTapUrva aura azrutapUrva vaijJAnika AviSkAra svataMtra mAnasa kI tarkaNA ke kArya haiM, kisI dRSTa vastu ke pratibimba nahIM / isalie hameM svataMtra cetanA kA astitva aura usakA vikAsa mAnanA hI hogA / hama pratyakSa meM Ane vAlI cetanA kI viziSTa kriyAoM kI kisI bhI taraha avahelanA nahIM kara sakate / isake atirikta bhautikavAdI vaijJAnika 'cetana aura acetana kA sambandha kaise ho sakatA hai ?' - isa prazna ke dvArA bargasAM kI Atma-sAdhaka yukti ko vyartha pramANita karanA cAhate haiM / bargasAM ke siddhAnta kI apUrNatA kA ullekha karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki bargasAM ' "

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maiM kauna hU~ ? 113 jaise dArzanika cetanA ko bhautika tattvoM se alaga hI eka rahasyamaya vastu sAbita karanA cAhate haiN| aisA sAbita karane meM unakI sabase jabaradasta yukti hai 'smRti' / mastiSka zarIra kA aMga hone se eka kSaNika parivartanazIla vastu hai| vaha smRti ko bhUta se vartamAna meM lAne kA vAhana nahIM bana sktaa| isake lie kisI akSaNika sthAyI mAdhyama kI AvazyakatA hai| ise vaha cetanA yA AtmA kA nAma dete haiN| smRti ko atIta se vartamAna aura pare bhI le jAne kI jarUrata hai, lekina amara cetanA kA maraNadharmA acetana se saMbaMdha kaise hotA hai-yaha AsAna samasyA nahIM hai| cetana aura acetana itane viruddha dravyoM kA eka dUsare ke sAtha ghaniSTa sambandha sthApita karanA tela meM pAnI milAne jaisA hai| isalie isa kaThinAI ko dUra karane kA tarIkA DhUMr3hA jA rahA hai| isase itanA sApha ho jAtA hai ki cetanA yA smRti se hI hamArI samasyA hala nahIM ho sktii| tajjIvataccharIravAdI varga ne AtmavAdI pAzcAtya dArzanikoM kI jisa kaThinAI ko sAmane rakhakara sukha kI sAMsa lI hai, usa kaThinAI ko bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne pahale se hI sApha kara apanA patha prazasta kara liyA thaa| saMsAra-dazA meM AtmA aura zarIra--ye donoM sarvathA bhinna nahIM hote| gautama svAmI ke praznoM kA uttara dete hae bhagavAna mahAvIra ne AtmA aura zarIra kA bhedA-bheda batalAyA hai--"AtmA zarIra se bhinna bhI hai aura abhinna bhii| zarIra rUpI bhI hai aura arUpI bhI tathA vaha sacetana bhI hai aura acetana bhii|" zarIra aura AtmA kA kSIra-nIravat athavA agni-loha-piNDavata tAdAtmya hotA hai| yaha AtmA kI saMsArAvasthA hai| isameM jIva aura zarIra kA kathaMcit (kisI eka apekSA se) abheda hotA hai| ataeva jIva ke dasa pariNAma hote haiM tathA isameM varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza Adi paudgalika guNa bhI milate haiN| zarIra se AtmA kA kathaMcit-bheda hotA hai| isalie usako avarNa, agaMdha, arasa aura asparza kahA jAtA hai| AtmA aura zarIra kA bhedAbheda-svarUpa jAnane ke pazcAt 'amara cetanA kA maraNa dharmA acetana se sambandha kaise hotA hai?'-yaha prazna koI mUlya nahIM rkhnaa| vizvavartI cetana sabhI padArtha pariNAmI nitya haiN| ekAntika rUpa se koI bhI padArtha maraNadharmA yA amara nhiiN| AtmA svayaM nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhI, sahetuka bhI hai aura nirhetuka bhii| karma ke kAraNa AtmA kI bhinna-bhinna avasthAeM hotI haiM, isalie vaha anitya aura sahetuka hai tathA usake svarUpa kA kabhI pracyava (vinAza) nahIM hotA, isalie vaha ninya aura nirhetuka hai| zarIrastha AtmA hI bhautika padArthoM se sambaddha hotI hai, svarUpastha hone ke bAda vaha vizuddha cetanAvAn aura sarvathA amUrta banatI hai, phira usakA kabhI acetana padArtha se saMbaMdha nahI hotaa| vaddha AtmA sthUla-zarIra-yukta hone para bhI sUkSma-zarIra-yuvata rahatI hai|

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114 - jaina darzana aura saMskRti sthUla zarIra meM vaha praveza nahIM karatI, kintu sUkSma-zarIravAn hone ke kAraNa svayaM usakA nirmANa karatI hai| acetana ke sAtha usakA abhUtapUrva sambandha nahIM hotA; kintu anAdikAlIna pravAha meM zarIra-paryAyAtmaka eka kar3I aura jur3a jAtI hai| usameM koI virodha nahIM aataa| saMsArI AtmA anAdikAla se karma se baMdhA huA hai| vaha kabhI bhI apane rUpa meM sthita nahIM, ataeva amUrta hone para bhI usakA mUrta karma (acetana-dravya) ke sAtha sambandha hone meM koI Apatti nahIM hotii| AtmA para vijJAna kA prayoga vaijJAnikoM ne prAkRtika mUla tattva kI saMkhyA 92 mAnI hai| inake alAvA kRtrima vidhiyoM se nirmita tattvoM ko milAkara yaha saMkhyA lagabhaga 106 taka calI jAtI hai| ve saba mUrtimAna haiN| unhoMne jitane prayoga kie haiM, ve sabhI mUrta dravyoM para hI kie haiN| amUrta tattva indriya-pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM bntaa| usa para prayoga bhI nahIM kie jA skte| AtmA amUrta hai, isalie Aja vaijJAnika, bhautika sAdhana-sampanna hote hue bhI usakA patA nahIM lagA ske| kintu bhautika sAdhanoM se AtmA kA astitva nahIM jAnA jAtA, to usakA nAstitva bhI nahIM jAnA jaataa| zarIra para kie gae vividha prayogoM se AtmA kI sthiti spaSTa nahIM hotii| rUsa ke jIva-vijJAna ke prasiddha vidvAn pAvalopha ne eka kutte kA dimAga nikAla liyaa| usase vaha zUnyavat ho gyaa| usakI ceSTAeM stabdha ho giiN| vaha apane mAlika tathA khAdya taka ko nahIM pahacAna pAtA thaa| phira bhI vaha marA nhiiN| injekzanoM dvArA use khAdya tattva diyA jAtA rhaa| isa prayoga para unhoMne yaha batAyA ki dimAga hI cetanA hai| usake nikala jAne para prANI meM kucha bhI caitanya nahIM rhtaa| isa para hameM adhika kahane kI koI AvazyakatA nhiiN| yahA~ sirpha itanA samajhanA hI paryApta hogA ki dimAga cetanA kA utpAdaka nahIM, kintu vaha mAnasa-pravRttiyoM ke upayoga kA sAdhana hai| dimAga nikAla lene para usakI mAnasika ceSTAeM ruka gaIM, isakA artha yaha nahIM ki usakI cetanA vilIna ho gii| yadi aisA hotA to vaha jIvita nahIM raha paataa| khAdya-svIkaraNa, rakta-saMcAra, prANApAna Adi cetanAvAn prANI meM hI hotA hai| bahuta sAre aise bhI prANI haiM, jinake mastiSka hotA hI nhiiN| vaha kevala 'mAnasa-pravRtti vAle prANI ke hI hotA hai| vanaspati meM bhI AtmA hai| unameM cetanA hai; harSa, zoka, bhaya Adi pravRttiyA~ haiM; para unake dimAga nahIM hotaa| cetanA kA sAmAnya lakSaNa svAnubhava hai| jisameM svAnubhUti hotI hai, sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karane kI kSamatA hotI hai, vahI AtmA hai| phira cAhe vaha apanI anubhUti vyakta kara sake yA na kara sake, usako vyakta

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maiM kauna hU~ ? 115 karane ke sAdhana mileM yA na mileM vANI - vihIna prANI ko prahAra se kaSTa nahIM hotA, yaha mAnanA yauktika nhiiN| usake pAsa bolane kA sAdhana nahIM, isalie apanA kaSTa kaha nahIM sktaa| phira bhI vaha kaMSTa kA anubhava kaise nahIM karegA ? vikAsazIla prANI mUka hone para bhI apanI aMga-saMcAlana-kriyA se pIr3A jatA sakate haiN| jinameM yaha zakti bhI nahIM hotI, ve kisI bhI taraha apanI sthiti ko spaSTa nahIM kara sakate / isase spaSTa hai ki bolanA, aMga-saMcAlana hote dIkhanA, ceSTAoM ko vyakt karanA, ye AtmA ke vyApaka lakSaNa nahIM haiM / ye kevala viziSTa zarIradhArI yAnI trasajAtigata AtmAoM ke hote haiN| sthAvara jAtigata AtmAoM meM ye spaSTa lakSaNa nahIM milte| isase unakI cetanatA aura sukha-duHkhAnubhUti kA lopa thor3e hI kiyA jA sakatA hai ! sthAvara jIvoM kI kaSTAnubhUti kI carcA karate hue zAstroM meM likhA hai -- " janmAndha, janma- mUka, janma-badhira evaM rogagrasta puruSa ke zarIra kA koI yuvA puruSa talavAra evaM khaDga se 32 sthAnoM kA cheMdana-bhedana kare, usa samaya use jaisA kaSTa hotA hai, vaisA kaSTa pRthvI ke jIvoM ko sparza karane se hotA hai / tathApi sAmagrI ke abhAva meM ve batA nahIM sakate / " mAnava pratyakSa pramANa kA AgrahI haiM, isalie vaha isa parokSa tathya ko svIkAra karane se hicakatA hai / jo kucha bhI ho, isa viSaya para hameM itanA sA smaraNa kara lenA hogA ki AtmA arUpI cetana sattA hai / vaha kisI prakAra bhI carma cakSu dvArA pratyakSa nahIM ho sakatI / Aja se DhAI hajAra varSa pahale kozAmbI - pati rAjA pradezI ne apane jIvana ke nAstika - kAla meM zArIrika avayavoM ke parIkSaNa dvArA Atma- pratyakSIkaraNa ke aneka prayoga kie, kintu usakA vaha samUcA prayAsa viphala rahA / Aja ke vaijJAnika bhI yadi vaise hI asambhava ceSTAeM karate raheMge, to kucha bhI tathya nahIM niklegaa| isake viparIta yadi ve cetanA kA AnumAnika evaM sva-saMvedanAtmaka anveSaNa kareM, to isa gutthI ko adhika saralatA se sulajhA sakate haiN| cetanA kA pUrvarUpa kyA hai ? nirjIva padArtha se sajIva padArtha kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI -- isa tathya ko svIkAra karane vAle dArzanika cetanA tattva ko anAdi ananta mAnate haiM / dUsarI zreNI una dArzanikoM kI hai jo nirjIva se sajIva padArtha kI utpatti svIkAra karate haiN| prasiddha manovaijJAnika phrAyaDa kI dhAraNA bhI yahI hai ki jIvana kA AraMbha nirjita padArtha se huA / vaijJAnika jagat meM bhI isa vicAra kI do dhAraNAeM haiM /

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116 jaina darzana aura saMskRti 1. vaijJAnika luI pAzcara aura TiMjala Adi nirjIva se sajIva padArtha kI utpatti svIkAra nahIM krte| 2. rUsI nArI vaijJAnika lepesinaskAyA, aNu-vaijJAnika DaoN. DerAlDa yUre aura unake ziSya sTainale milara Adi niSprANa sattA se saprANa sattA kI utpatti meM vizvAsa karate haiN| caitanya ko acetana kI bhAMti anutpanna sattA yA naisargika sattA svIkAra karane vAloM ko 'cetanA kA pUrvarUpa kyA hai?'--yaha prazna ulajhana meM nahIM ddaaltaa| __ dUsarI koTi ke loga, jo ahetuka yA Akasmika caitanyotpAdavAdI haiM, unheM, yaha prazna jhakajhora detA hai| Adi-jIva kina avasthAoM meM kaba aura kaise utpanna, huA--yaha rahasya Aja bhI unake lie kalpanA-mAtra hai| luI pAzcara aura TiMjala ne vaijJAnika parIkSaNa ke dvArA yaha pramANita kiyA ki nirjIva se sajIva padArtha utpanna nahIM ho skte| yaha parIkSaNa yoM hai ....... eka kAMca ke gole meM unhoMne kucha vizuddha padArtha rakha diyA aura usake bAda dhIre-dhIre usake bhItara se samasta havA nikAla dii| vaha golA aura usake bhItara rakhA huA padArtha aisA thA ki usake bhItara koI bhI sajIva prANI yA usakA aNDA yA vaisI hI koI cIja raha na jAe, yaha pahale hI atyanta sAvadhAnI se dekha liyA gyaa| isa avasthA meM rakhe jAne para dekhA gayA ki cAhe jitane dina bhI rakhA jAe, usake bhItara isa prakAra kI avasthA meM kisI prakAra kI jIva-sattA prakaTa nahIM hotii| usI padArtha ko bAhara nikAlakara rakha dene para kucha dinoM meM hI usameM kIr3e, makor3e, kSudrAkAra bIjANu dikhAI dene lagate haiN| isase yaha siddha ho gayA ki bAhara kI havA meM rahakara hI bIjANu yA prANI kA aNDA yA choTe-choTe viziSTa jIva isa padArtha meM jAkara upasthita hote haiN|" sTainale milara ne DaoN. yUre ke anusAra jIvana kI utpatti ke samaya jo paristhitiyA~ thIM, ve hI utpanna kara dii| eka saptAha ke bAda usane apane rAsAyanika mizraNa kI parIkSA kii| usameM tIna prakAra ke proTIna mile, paraMtu eka bhI proTIna jIvita nahIM milaa| mArksavAda ke anusAra cetanA bhautika sattA kA guNAtmaka parivartana hai| pAnI pAnI hai, parantu usakA tApamAna thor3A bar3hA diyA jAe, to eka nizcita bindu para pahuMcane ke bAda vaha bhApa bana jAtA hai (tApa ke jisa bindu para vaha hotA hai, yaha vAyumaMDala ke dabAva ke sAtha badalatA rahatA hai)| yadi usakA tApamAna kama kara diyA jAe to vaha barpha bana jAtA hai| jaise bhApa aura barpha kA pUrva-rUpa pAnI hai, usakA bhApa yA barpha ke rUpa meM pariNamana hone para,

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maiM kauna hU~ ? 117 guNAtmaka parivartana hone para, vaha pAnI nahIM rhtaa| vaise cetanA kA pahale rUpa kyA thA jo miTakara cetanA ko paidA kara sakA? isakA koI samAdhAna nahIM miltaa| "pAnI ko garma kIjie to bahuta samaya taka vaha pAnI hI banA rhegaa| usameM pAnI ke sabhI sAdhAraNa guNa maujUda raheMge, kevala usakI garmI bar3hatI jaaegii| isI prakAra pAnI ko ThaMDA kIjie to eka hada taka vaha pAnI hI banA rahatA hai, lekina usakI garmI kama ho jAtI hai| parantu eka bindu para parivartana kA yaha krama yakAyaka TUTa jAtA hai| zIta yA uSNa (vaijJAnika zabdAvalI meM galanAMka aura kvathanAMka) bindu para pahuMcate hI pAnI ke guNa ekadama badala jAte haiN| pAnI pAnI nahIM rahatA, balki barpha yA bhApa bana jAtA hai|" jaise nizcita bindu para pahu~cane para pAnI bhApa yA barpha banatA hai, vaise hI bhautikatA kA kauna-sA nizcita bindu hai jahA~ pahu~cakara bhautikatA cetanA ke rUpa meM parivartita hotI hai? mastiSka ke ghaTaka tattva haiM-hAiDrojana, oNksIjana, kArbana, phAsphorasa aadi-aadi| inameM se koI eka tattva cetanA kA utpAdaka hai yA sabake mizraNa se vaha utpanna hotI hai aura kitane tattvoM kI kitanI mAtrA banane para vaha paidA hotI hai? --isakA koI jJAna abhI taka nahIM huA hai| cetanA bhautika tattvoM - ke mizraNa se paidA hotI hai yA vaha bhautikatA kA guNAtmaka parivartana hai, yaha taba taka vaijJAnika siddhAMta nahIM bana sakatA, jaba taka bhautikatA ke usa carama-bindu kI, jahA~ pahu~cakara yaha cetanA ke rUpa meM parivartita hotA hai, nizcita jAnakArI na mile| indriya aura mastiSka AtmA nahIM .. A~kha, kAna Adi naSTa hone para bhI unake dvArA vijJAta viSaya kI smRti rahatI hai| isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki AtmA deha aura indriya se bhinna hai| yadi aisA na hotA to indriya ke naSTa hone para unake dvArA kiyA huA jJAna bhI calA jaataa| indriya ke vikRta hone para bhI pUrva-jJAna vikRta nahIM hotaa| isase pramANita hotA hai ki jJAna kA adhiSThAna indriya se bhinna hai| vaha AtmA hai| isa para kahA jA sakatA hai ki indriya bigar3a jAne para jo pUrva-jJAna kI smRti hotI hai, usakA kAraNa hai mastiSka, AtmA nhiiN| mastiSka svastha hotA hai, taba taka smRti hai| usake bigar3a jAne para smRti nahIM hotii| isalie "mastiSka hI jJAna kA adhiSThAna hai; usase pRthak AtmA nAmaka tattva ko svIkAra karane kI koI AvazyakatA nhiiN|" yaha tarka bhI AtmavAdI ke lie nagaNya hai| jaise indriyA~ bAharI vastuoM ko jAnane ke sAdhana haiM, vaise hI mastiSka indriya-jJAna viSayaka ciMtana aura smRti kA sAdhana hai| usake vikRta hone para yathArtha smRti nahIM hotii|

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118 jaina darzana aura saMskRti phira bhI pAgala vyakti meM cetanA kI kriyA cAlU rahatI hai, vaha usase bhI pare kI zakti kI preraNA hai| sAdhanoM kI kamI hone para AtmA kI jJAna-zakti vikala ho jAtI hai, naSTa nahIM hotii| mastiSka vikRta ho jAne para athavA use nikAla dene para bhI khAnA-pInA, calanA-phiranA, hilanA-DulanA, zvAsa-ucchvAsa lenA Adi-Adi prANa-kriyAeM hotI rahatI haiN| ve yaha batAtI haiM ki mastiSka ke atirikta jIvana kI koI dUsarI zakti hai| usI zakti ke kAraNa zarIra ke anubhava aura prANa kI kriyA hotI hai| mastiSka se cetanA kA sambandha hai| ise AtmavAdI bhI svIkAra nahIM krte| 'tandulaveyAliya' grantha ke anusAra isa zarIra meM 190 UrdhvagAminI aura rasahAriNI zirAeM haiM, jo nAbhi se nikalakara TheTha sira taka pahu~catI haiN| ve svastha hotI haiM, taba taka A~kha, kAna, nAka aura jIbha kA bala ThIka rahatA hai| bhAratIya Ayurveda ke mata meM bhI mastiSka prANa aura indriya kA kendra mAnA gayA hai| maharSi caraka ne likhA hai ki .. "prANA: prANabhRtAM yatra, tathA sarvendriyANi ca / yaduttamAMgamaMgAnAM, shirstdbhidhiiyte||" mastiSka caitanya-sahAyaka dhamaniyoM kA jAla hai| isalie mastiSka kI . amuka zirA kATa dene se amuka prakAra kI anubhUti na ho, isase yaha phalita nahIM hotA ki cetanA mastiSka kI upaja hai| kRtrima mastiSka cetana nahIM kRtrima mastiSka (computers or super-computer) jinakA bar3e gaNita ke lie upayoga hotA hai, cetanAyukta nahIM haiN| ve cetanA-prerita kAryakArI yantra haiN| unakI mAnava-mastiSka se tulanA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| vAstava meM ye mAnava-mastiSka kI bhAMti sakriya aura buddhi-yuktta nahIM hote| ye kevala zIghra aura tejI se kAma karane vAle hote haiN| yaha mAnava-mastiSka kI suSumnA aura mastiSka sthita zveta majjA ke moTe kAma hI kara sakatA hai aura isa artha meM yaha mAnavamastiSka kA eka zatAMza bhI nhiiN| mAnava-mastiSka cAra bhAgoM meM baMTA huA hai 1. bRhana-masatiSka-jo saMvedanA, vicAra-zakti aura smaraNa-zakti ityAdi __ ko preraNA detA hai| 2. lghu-mstissk| 3. setu / 4. sussumnaa| yAMtrika mastiSka kevala suSumnA ke hI kAryoM ko kara sakatA hai, jo mAnava-mastiSka kA eka aMza hai /

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maiM kauna hU~ ? 119 yAMtrika mastiSka kA gaNana yaMtra moTara meM lage mITara kI taraha hotA hai, jisameM moTara ke calane kI dUrI mIloM meM aMkita hotI calatI hai / isa gaNanayantra kA kArya, 'eka' aura 'zUnya' aMka ko jor3anA athavA ekatra karanA hai / yadi gaNana yaMtra se ina aMkoM ko nikAlA jAtA hai to isase ghaTAne kI kriyA hotI hai aura jor3a-ghaTAva kI do kriyAoM para hI sArA gaNita AdhArita hai / AtmA ke pradeza aura jIvakoza AtmA asaMkhya-pradezI hai| eka, do, tIna pradeza jIva nahIM hote / paripUrNa asaMkhya pradeza ke samudAya kA nAma jIva hai / vaha asaMkhya jIvakoSoM kA piNDa nahIM hai| vaijJAnika asaMkhya jIvakoSoM (cells) ke dvArA prANI - zarIra aura cetana kA nirmANa honA batalAte haiM / ve zarIra taka sImita haiM / zarIra asthAI hai - eka paudgalika avasthA hai / usakA nirmANa hotA hai aura vaha rUpI hai; isalie aMgopAMga dekhe jA sakate haiM / unakA vizleSaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| AtmA sthAyI aura abhautika dravya hai / vaha utpanna nahIM hotA aura vaha arUpI hai, kisI prakAra bhI indriya-zakti se dekhA nahIM jaataa| ataeva jIva-koSoM ke dvArA AtmA kI utpatti batalAnA bhUla hai / pradeza bhI AtmA ke ghaTaka nahIM haiM / ve svayaM AtmarUpa haiN| AtmA kA parimANa jAnane ke lie usameM unakA Aropa kiyA gayA hai / yadi ve vAstavika avayava hote to unameM saMgaThana, vighaTana yA nyUnAdhikya hue binA nahIM rhtaa| vAstavika pradeza kevala paudgalika skaMdhoM meM milate haiM / ataeva unameM saMghAta yA bheda hotA rahatA hai / AtmA akhaNDa dravya hai / usameM saMghAta - vighAta kabhI nahIM hote aura na usake eka-do - tIna Adi pradeza jIva kahe jAte haiM / AtmA kRtsna, paripUrNa lokAkAza tulya pradeza parimANa vAlI hai / eka tantu bhI paTa kA upakArI hotA hai| usake binA paTa pUrA nahIM banatA / parantu eka tantu paTa nahIM kahA jaataa| eka rUpa meM samudita tantuoM kA nAma paTa hai / vaise hI jIva kA eka pradeza jIva nahIM kahA jaataa| asaMkhya cetana pradezoM kA eka piNDa hai, usI kA nAma jIva hai / astitva-siddhi ke do prakAra pratyeka padArtha kA astitva do prakAra se siddha hotA hai-- sAdhaka pramANa se aura bAdhaka pramANa ke abhAva se / jaise sAdhaka pramANa apanI sattA ke mAdhyama kAM astitva siddha karatA hai, ThIka usI prakAra bAdhaka pramANa na milane se bhI usakA astitva siddha ho jAtA hai / AtmA ko siddha karane ke lie sAdhaka pramANa aneka 2

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120 jaina darzana aura saMskRti milate haiM, kintu bAdhaka pramANa eka bhI aisA nahIM milatA, jo AtmA kA niSedhaka ho| isase jAnA jAtA hai ki AtmA eka svatantra dravya hai| hA~, yaha nizcita hai ki indriyoM ke dvArA usakA grahaNa nahIM hotaa| phira bhI AtmA ke astitva meM yaha bAdhaka nahIM, kyoMki bAdhaka vaha bana sakatA hai, jo usa viSaya ko jAnane meM samartha ho aura anya pUrI sAmagrI hone para bhI use na jAna ske| jaise-AMkha ghaTa, paTa Adi ko dekha sakatI hai, para jisa samaya ucita sAmIpya evaM prakAza Adi sAmagrI hone para bhI vaha unako na dekha sake, taba vaha usa viSaya kI bAdhaka mAnI jA sakatI hai| indriyoM kI grahaNa-zakti parimita hai| ve sirpha pArzvavartI aura sthUla paudgalika padArthoM ko hI jAna sakatI hai| AtmA apaudgalika (abhautika) padArtha hai| isalie indriyoM dvarA AtmA ko na jAna sakanA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadi hama bAdhaka pramANa kA abhAva hone se kisI padArtha kA sadbhAva mAneM, taba to phira padArtha-kalpanA kI bAr3ha-sI A jaaegii| usakA kyA upAya hogA? ThIka hai, yaha saMdeha ho sakatA hai, kintu bAdhaka pramANa kA abhAva sAdhaka pramANa ke dvArA padArtha kA sadbhAva sthApita kara dene para hI kAryakara hotA hai| AtmA ke sAdhaka pramANa milate haiM, isalie usakI sthApanA kI jAtI hai| usa para bhI yadi saMdeha kiyA jAtA hai, taba AtmavAdiyoM ko vaha hetu bhI anAtmavAdiyoM ke sAmane rakhanA jarUrI ho jAtA hai ki Apa yaha to batalAeM ki 'AtmA nahIM hai' isakA pramANa kyA hai? 'AtmA hai' isakA pramANa caitanya kI upalabdhi hai| cetanA hamAre pratyakSa hai| usake dvArA apratyakSa AtmA kA bhI sadbhAva siddha hotA hai| jaise--dhUmra ko dekhakara manuSya agni kA jJAna kara letA hai, Atapa ko dekhakara sUryodaya kA jJAna kara letA hai--isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki dhuAM agni kA, Atapa sUryodaya kA avinAbhAvI hai-usake binA ve nizcitarUpeNa nahIM hote| cetanA bhUta-samudAya kA kArya yA bhUta-dharma hai, yaha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki bhUta jar3a hai| bhUta aura cetanA meM atyaMtAbhAvatrikAlavI virodha honA hai| cetana kabhI acetana aura acetana kabhI cetana nahIM bana sktaa| loka- sthiti kA nirUpaNa karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai-jIva ajIva ho jAe aura ajIva jIva ho jAe, aisA na kabhI huA. na hotA hai aura na kabhI hogaa| isalie hameM AtmA kI jar3a vastu se bhinna sattA svIkAra karanI hotI hai| yadyapi kaI vicAraka AtmA ko jar3a padArtha kA vikasita rUpa mAnate haiM, kintu yaha saMgata nhiiN| vikAsa apane dharma (svabhAva) ke anukUla hI hotA hai aura ho sakatA hai| caitanyahIna jar3a padArtha se cetanAvAn AtmA kA upajanA vikAsa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yaha to sarvathA asat kAryavAda hai|

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maiM kauna hU~ ? isalie jar3atva aura cetanatva-ina do virodhI mahAzaktiyoM ko eka mUla tattvagata na mAnanA hI yuktisaMgata hai| svatantra sattA kA hetu dravya kA svatantra astiva usake vizeSa guNa dvArA siddha hotA hai| anya dravyoM meM na milane vAlA guNa jisameM mile, vaha svatantra dravya hotA hai| sAmAnya guNa jo koI dravyoM meM mile, unase pRthak dravya kI sthApanA nahIM hotii| caitanya AtmA kA viziSTa guNa hai| vaha usake sivAya aura kahIM nahIM miltaa| ataeva AtmA svataMtra dravya hai aura usameM padArtha ke vyApaka lakSaNa-artha-kriyAkAritva aura sat-donoM ghaTita hote haiN| padArtha vahI hai, jo pratikSaNa apanI kriyA karatA rhe| athavA padArtha vahI hai jo sat ho yAnI pUrva-pUrvavartI avasthAoM ko tyAgatA huA, uttara-uttaravartI avasthAoM ko prApta karatA huA bhI apane svarUpa ko na tyaage| AtmA meM jAnane kI kriyA niraMtara hotI rahatI hai| jJAna kA pravAha eka kSaNa ke lie bhI nahIM rukatA aura vaha (AtmA) utpAda, vyaya ke srota meM bahatI huI bhI dhruva hai| bAlya, yauvana, jarA Adi avasthAoM evaM manuSya, pazu Adi zarIroM kA parivartana hone para bhI usakA caitanya akSuNNa rahatA hai| 'AtmA ke rUpa, AkAra evaM vajana nahIM, phira vaha dravya hI kyA?' yaha nirAdhAra zaMkA hai| kyoMki ve saba pudgala dravya ke avAntara-lakSaNa haiN| saba padArthoM meM unakA honA Avazyaka nahIM hotaa| punarjanma mRtyu ke pazcAt kyA hogA? kyA hamArA astitva sthAyI hai yA vaha miTa jAegA? isa prazna para anAtmavAdI kA uttara yaha hai ki vartamAna jIvana samApta hone para kucha bhI nahIM hai| pA~ca bhUtoM se prANa banatA hai| unake abhAva meM prANa-nAza ho jAtA hai--mRtyu ho jAtI hai| phira kucha bhI bacA nahIM rhtaa|' AtmavAdI AtmA ko zAzvata mAnate haiN| isalie unhoMne punarjanma ke siddhAnta kI sthApanA kii| karma-lipta AtmA kA janma ke pazcAt mRtyu aura mRtyu ke pazcAt janma honA nizcita hai| saMkSepa meM yahI punarjanmavAda kA siddhAnta hai| janma ke bAda mRtyu aura mRtyu ke bAda janma kI paramparA calatI hai-yaha vizva kI sthiti hai| jIva apane hI pramAda se bhinna-bhinna janmAntara karate haiN| isI ke anusAra jIva nae janma-sthAna meM jA utpanna hote haiN|

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122 jaina darzana aura saMskRti rAga-dveSa karma-bandha ke aura karma janma-mRtyu kI paramparA ke kAraNa haiN| isa viSaya meM sabhI kriyAvAdI ekamata haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zabdoM meM-krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha-ye punarjanma ke mUla ko poSaNa dene vAle haiN| gItA kahatI hai-jaise phaTe hae kapar3e ko chor3akara manuSya nayA kapar3A pahanatA hai, vaise hI purAne zarIra ko chor3akara prANI mRtyu ke bAda naye zarIra ko dhAraNa karate haiN| yaha Avartana pravRtti se hotA hai| mahAtmA buddha ne apane paira meM cubhane vAle kAMTe ko pUrvajanma meM kiye hue prANI-vadha kA vipAka btaayaa| nava-zizu ke harSa, bhaya, zoka Adi hote haiN| usakA kAraNa pUrvajanma ke saMskAra haiN| jisa prakAra yuvaka kA zarIra bAlaka-zarIra kI uttaravartI avasthA hai, vaise hI bAlaka kA zarIra pUrvajanma ke bAda meM hone vAlI avasthA hai| yaha deha-prApti kI avasthA hai| isakA jo adhikArI hai, vaha AtmA-dehI hai| vartamAna ke sukha-duHkha anya sukha-duHkhapUrvaka hote haiN| sukha-duHkha kA anubhava vahI kara sakatA hai, jo pahale unakA anubhava kara cukA hai| nava zizu ko jo sukha-duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai, vaha bhI pUrva anubhava-yukta hai| jIvana kA moha aura mRtyu kA bhaya pUrvabaddha saMskAroM kA pariNAma hai| yadi pUrvajanma meM inakA anubhava na huA hotA to navotpanna prANiyoM meM aisI vRttiyA~ nahIM miltii| isa prakAra bhAratIya AtmavAdiyoM ne vividha yuktiyoM se pUrvajanma kA samarthana kiyA hai| pAzcAtya dArzanika bhI isa viSaya meM mauna nahIM haiN| ___ dArzanika pleTo ne kahA hai ki "AtmA sadA apane lie naye-naye vastra bunatI hai tathA AtmA meM eka aisI naisargika zakti hai, jo dhruva rahegI aura aneka bAra janma legii|" dArzanika zopanahAra ke zabdoM meM punarjanma asaMdigdha tattva hai| jaise--"maiMne yaha bhI nivedana kiyA ki jo koI punarjanma ke bAre meM pahale-pahala sunatA hai, use bhI vaha spaSTa-rUpeNa pratIta ho jAtA hai|" punarjanma kI avahelanA karane vAle vyaktiyoM kI prAya: do pradhAna zaMkAeM sAmane AtI haiM 1. yadi hamArA pUrvabhava hotA, to hameM usakI kucha-na-kucha smRtiyA~ hotiiN| 2. yadi dUsarA janma hotA, to AtmA kI gati evaM Agati hama kyoM nahIM dekha pAte? pahalI zaMkA kA hama vAlya-jIvana . se hI samAdhAna kara sakate haiN| bacapana kI ghaTanAvaliyA~ hameM smaraNa nahIM AtI, tA vayA isakA artha yaha hogA ki hamArI zaizava-avasthA huI nahIM thI? ekado varSa ke nava-zaizava kI ghaTanAeM smaraNa nahIM

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maiM kauna hU~ ? 123 hotI, to bhI apane bacapana meM kisI ko saMdeha nahIM hotaa| vartamAna jIvana kI yaha bAta hai, taba phira pUrvajanma ko hama isa yukti se kaise havA meM ur3A sakate haiM? pUrvajanma kI bhI smRti ho sakatI hai, yadi utanI zakti jAgrata ho jaae| jise 'jAti-smRti jJAna' (pUrvajanma-smaraNa) ho jAtA hai, vaha aneka janmoM kI ghaTanAoM kA sAkSAtkAra kara sakatA hai| paramanovijJAna (Parapsychology) ke kSetra meM IyAna sTIvanasana aadi| zodha-vidvAnoM ne saikar3oM bAlakoM ke jAti-smRti-jJAna kA parIkSaNa kiyA hai aura aise sabUta ekatrita kie haiM, jo punarjanma kI avadhAraNA ko puSTa karate haiN| isake lie IyAna sTIvanasana kI pustaka "Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation" draSTavya hai| dUsarI zaMkA eka prakAra se nahIM ke samAna hai| AtmA kA pratyakSa nahIM hotaa| usake do kAraNa haiM 1. vaha amUrta hai, dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| 2. vaha sUkSma hai, isalie zarIra meM praveza karatA huA yA nikalatA huA . upalabdha nahIM hotaa| nahIM dIkhane mAtra se kisI vastu kA abhAva nahIM hotaa| sUrya ke prakAza meM nakSatra-gaNa nahIM jaate| isase inakA abhAva thor3e hI mAnA jA sakatA hai? andhakAra meM kucha nahIM dIkhatA, kyA yaha mAna liyA jAe ki yahA~ kucha bhI nahIM hai? jJAna-zakti kI ekadezIyatA se kisI bhI sat-padArtha kA astitva svIkAra na karanA ucita nahIM hotaa| ___aba hameM punarjanma kI sAmAnya sthiti para bhI kucha dRSTipAta kara lenA caahie| duniyA meM koI bhI aisA padArtha nahIM hai, jo atyanta asat se sat bana jAe--jinakA koI bhI astitva nahIM, vaha apanA astitva banA le| abhAva se bhAva evaM bhAva se abhAva nahIM hotA, taba phira janma aura mRtyu, nAza aura utpAda, yaha kyA hai? privrtn| pratyeka padArtha meM parivartana hotA hai| parivartana se padArtha eka avasthA ko chor3akara dUsarI avasthA meM calA jAtA hai, kintu na to vaha sarvathA naSTa hotA hai aura na sarvathA utpanna bhii| dUsare-dUsare padArthoM meM bhI parivartana hotA hai, vaha hamAre sAmane hai| prANiyoM meM bhI parivartana hotA hai| ve janmate haiM, marate haiN| janma kA artha atyaMta nayI vastu kI utpatti nahIM aura mRtyu se jIva kA atyaMta u.cheda nahIM hotaa| kevala vaisA hI parivartana hai, jaise yAtrI eka sthAna ko chor3akara dUsare sthAna para cale jAte haiN| yaha eka dhruva satya hai ki sattA se asattA evaM asattA se sattA kabhI nahIM hotii| parivartana ko jor3ane vAlI kar3I AtmA hai|

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124 jaina darzana aura saMskRti vaha anvayI hai| pUrvajanma aura uttara-janma donoM usakI avasthAeM haiN| vaha donoM meM ekarUpa rahatI hai| ataeva atIta aura bhaviSya kI ghaTanAvaliyoM kI zrRMkhalA jur3atI hai| zarIra-zAstra ke anusAra sAta varSa ke bAda zarIra ke pUrva paramANu cyuta ho jAte haiM, saba avayava naye bana jAte haiN| isa sarvAMgINa parivartana meM AtmA kA lopa nahIM hotaa| taba phira mRtyu ke bAda usakA astitva kaise miTa jAegA? antara-kAla prANI maratA hai aura janmatA hai, eka zarIra ko chor3atA hai aura dUsarA zarIra banAtA hai| mRtyu aura janma ke bIca kA samaya antara-kAla kahA jAtA hai| usakA parimANa eka, do, tIna yA cAra 'samaya' taka kA hai| antara-kAla meM sthUla zarIra-rahita AtmA kI gati hotI hai| usakA nAma 'antarAla-gati' hai| vaha do prakAra kI hotI hai--ju aura vkr| mRtyu-sthAna se janma-sthAna sarala rekhA meM hotA hai, vahA~ AtmA kI gati Rju hotI hai aura vaha viSama rekhA meM hotA hai, vahA~ gati vakra hotI hai| Rju gati meM sirpha eka samaya lagatA hai| usameM AtmA ko nayA prayatna nahIM karanA pdd'taa| kyoMki jaba vaha pUrva-zarIra chor3atA hai, taba use pUrva-zarIra-janya vega milatA hai aura vaha dhanuSa se chUTe hue bANa kI taraha sIdhe hI naye janma-sthAna meM pahu~ca jAtA hai| vakra gati meM ghumAva karane par3ate hai| unake lie dUsare prayatnoM kI AvazkayatA hotI hai| ghUmane kA sthAna Ate hI pUrva-deha-janita vega maMda par3a jAtA hai aura sUkSma zarIra (kArmaNa zarIra) dvArA jIva nayA prayatna karatA hai| isalie usameM samaya-saMkhyA bar3ha jAtI hai| eka ghumAva vAlI vakragati meM do samaya, do ghumAva vAlI meM tIna samaya aura tIna ghumAva vAlI meM cAra samaya lagate haiN| ___ AtmA sthUla zarIra ke abhAva meM bhI sUkSma zarIra dvArA gati karatI hai aura mRtyu ke bAda vaha dUsare sthUla zarIra meM praveza nahIM karatI, kintu svayaM usakA nirmANa karatI hai tathA saMsAra-avasthA meM vaha sUkSma-zarIra-mukta kabhI nahIM hotii| ataeva punarjanma kI prakriyA meM koI bAdhA nahIM aatii| AtmA meM jJAnendriya kI zakti antarAlagati meM bhI hotI hai| tvacA, netra Adi sahAyaka indriyA~ nahIM hotii| use sva-saMvedana kA anubhava hotA hai| kintu sahAyaka indriyoM ke abhAva meM indriya-zakti kA upayoga nahIM hotaa| sahAyaka indriyoM kA nirmANa sthUla-zarIra-racanA ke samaya indriya-jJAna kI zakti ke anupAta para hotA hai| eka indriya kI yogyatA vAle prANI kI zarIra-racanA meM tvacA ke

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maiM kauna hU~ ? 125 sivAya aura indriyoM kI AkRtiyA~ nahIM banatIM / dvIndriya Adi jAtiyoM meM kramaza: rasana, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrotra kI racanA hotI hai| donoM prakAra kI indriyoM ke sahayoga se prANI indriya- jJAna kA upayoga karate haiM / sva-niyamana jIva svayaM-cAlita hai / svayaM cAlita kA artha para sahayoga - nirapekSa nahIM, kintu saMcAlaka-nirapekSa hai / jIva apane hI puruSArtha yAnI utthAna, bala, vIrya, puruSAkAra, parAkrama se apanA saMcAlaka hotA hai / utthAna Adi zarIra se utpanna haiN| zarIra jIva dvArA niSpanna hai / krama isa prakAra banatA hai-- jIva se zarIra, zarIra se vIrya, vIrya se yoga (mana, vANI aura karma) utpanna hote haiM / vIrya do prakAra kA hotA hai - labdhi-vIrya aura karaNa - vIrya / labdhi-vIrya sattAtmaka zakti (potential energy) hai| usakI dRSTi se saba jIva savIrya hote haiN| karaNa-vIrya kriyAtmaka zakti (kinetic energy ) hai / yaha jIva aura zarIra donoM ke sahayoga se utpanna hotI hai / jIva meM sakriyatA hotI hai, isalie vaha paudgalika karma kA saMgraha yA svIkaraNa karatA hai / vaha paudgalika karma kA saMgrahaNa karatA hai, isalie usase prabhAvita hotA hai / kartRtva aura phala - bhoktRtva eka hI zrRMkhalA ke do sire haiM / kartRttva svayaM kA aura phala - bhoktRtva ke lie dUsarI sattA kA niyamana - aisI sthiti nahIM banatI / phala-prApti icchA-niyantrita nahIM, kintu kriyA niyaMtrita hai| hiMsA, asatya Adi kriyA ke dvArA jIva karma-pudgaloM kA jo saMgraha huA hotA hai, vaha pakate hI -apanI kriyA prArambha kara detA hai / pahale jIvana yAnI vartamAna AyuSya ke karma-paramANuoM kI kriyA samApta hote hI agalaM AyuSya ke karma-pudgala apanI kiyA prArambha kara dete haiM / do AyuSya ke karma-pudgala jIva ko eka sAtha prabhAvita nahIM karate / ve pudgala jisa sthAna ke upayukta bane hue hote haiM, usI sthAna para jIva ko nodana (propel) kara le jAte haiN| una pudgaloM kI gati unakI rAsAyanika kriyA ( rasa-bandha yA anubhAva - bandha) ke anurUpa hotI hai| jIva unase baddha hotA hai, isalie use isa prakAra eka janma se dUsare janma meM gati aura hotI hai 1 bhI vahIM jAnA par3atA hai 1 Agati sva-niyamana se hI

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126 . jaina darzana aura saMskRti abhyAsa 1. vibhinna bhAratIya darzanoM meM 'AtmA' ke viSaya meM kyA avadhAraNAeM rahI haiM? unakI paraspara tulanA kreN| 2. bhAratIya Astika darzanoM meM AtmA ko siddha karane ke lie kyA-kyA pramANa die gae haiM? 3. jaina darzana meM pratipAdita AtmA ke svarUpa ko vistAra se smjhaaie| 4. zarIra aura AtmA ke sambandha ko samajhAne vAle vAdoM ko spaSTa kreN| 5. mRtyu ke pazcAt jIva kahA~ aura kaise jAtA hai? jaina darzana ne isa prazna kA jo uttara diyA hai, ise smjhaaie| 6. AtmA ke sambandha meM vaijJAnikoM ke dvArA prastuta siddhAMta aura prayoga kI samIkSA kreN| 100

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8 maiM hU~ apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA jagatvaicitrya kA hetu bhArata ke sabhI Astika darzanoM ne jIva jagat kI vibhakti yA vicitratA ko svIkAra kiyA hai / use sahetuka mAnA hai / usa hetu ko vedAntI 'avidyA', bauddha 'vAsanA', sAMkhya 'kleza' aura nyAya-vaizeSika 'adRSTa' tathA jaina 'karma' kahate haiN| kaI darzana karma kA sAmAnya nirdeza mAtra karate haiM aura kaI usake vibhinna pahaluoM para vicAra karate-karate bahuta Age bar3ha jAte haiM / nyAya - darzana ke anusAra adRSTa AtmA kA guNa hai / acche-bure karmoM kA AtmA para saMskAra par3atA hai, vaha adRSTa / jaba taka usakA phala nahIM mila jAtA, taba taka vaha AtmA ke sAtha rahatA hai, usakA phala Izvara ke mAdhyama se milatA hai| kAraNa ki yadi Izvara karma-phala kI vyavasthA na kare, to karma niSphala ho jaaeN| sAMkhya karma ko prakRti kA vikAra mAnatA hai| acchI-burI pravRttiyoM kA prakRti para saMskAra par3atA hai / usa prakRtigata-saMskAra se hI karmoM ke phala milate haiM / bauddhoM ne cittagata vAsanA ko karma mAnA hai / yahI kArya kAraNa bhAva ke rUpa meM sukha-duHkha kA hetu banatA hai / jaina-darzana karma ko svatantra tattva mAnatA hai| karma ananta paramANuoM ke skandha haiM / ve samUce loka meM jIvAtmA kI acchI-burI pravRttiyoM ke dvArA usake sAtha baMdha jAte hai, yaha unakI badhyamAna (baMdha ) avasthA hai| baMdhane ke bAda ve turanta phala na dekara pakate haiM yAnI unakA paripAka hotA hai, yaha sat (sattA) avasthA hai / paripAka ke bAda unase sukha-duHkha rUpa tathA AvaraNa rUpa phala milatA hai, vaha udayamAna (udaya) avasthA hai / anya darzanoM meM karmoM kI kriyamANa, saMcita aura prArabdha--ye tIna avasthAeM batAI gaI haiM / ve ThIka kramazaH bandha, sat aura udaya kI samAnArthaka haiM / kyA karma kA phala zIghra mila sakatA hai ? kyA karma kI avadhi ( kAlamAna) yA tIvrAtIvratA meM kamI-bezI kI jA sakatI hai ? kyA karmoM kA rUpAntaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai ? bandha ke kAraNa kyA haiM? baMdhe hue karmoM kA phala nizcita hotA hai yA anizcita ? karma jisa rUpa meM baMdhate haiM, usa rUpa meM unakA phala milatA hai|

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128 jaina darzana aura saMskRti yA anyathA? dharma karane vAlA duHkhI aura adharma karane vAlA sukhI kaise? Adi-Adi viSayoM para jaina granthakAroM ne vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| AtmA kA AMtarika vAtAvaraNa AtmA kI AMtarika yogyatA kI nyUnAdhikatA kA kAraNa karma hai| karma ke saMyoga se vaha (AMtarika yogyatA) AvRta hotI hai yA vikRta hotI hai| karma ke vilaya (saMyoga) se usakA svabhAvodaya hotA hai| bAharI sthiti AMtarika sthiti ko uttejita kara AtmA para prabhAva DAla sakatI hai, para sIdhA prabhAva nahIM DAla sktii| zuddha yA karma-mukta AtmA para bAharI paristhiti kA koI bhI asara nahIM hotaa| azuddha yA karma-baddha AtmA para hI usakA prabhAva hotA hai, vaha bhI azuddhi kI mAtrA ke anupAta se| zuddhi kI mAtrA bar3hatI hai, bAharI vAtAvaraNa kA asara kama hotA hai| zuddhi kI mAtrA kama hotI hai, bAharI vAtAvaraNa chA jAtA hai| paristhiti hI pradhAna hotI, to zuddha aura azuddha padArtha para samAna asara hotA, kintu aisA nahIM hotA hai| paristhiti uttejaka hai, kAraka nhiiN|| vijAtIya sambandha vicAraNA kI dRSTi se AtmA ke sAtha sarvAdhika ghaniSTha sambandha karma-padagaloM kA hai| samIpavartI kA jo prabhAva par3atA hai, vaha daravartI kA nahIM pdd'taa| paristhiti dUravartI ghaTanA hai| vaha karma kI upekSA kara AtmA ko prabhAvita nahIM kara sktii| usakI pahu~ca karma-saMghaTanA taka hI hai| usase karma-saMghaTanA prabhAvita hotI hai, phira usase aatmaa| jo paristhiti karma-saMsthAna ko prabhAvita na kara sake usakA AtmA para koI asara nahIM hotaa| bAharI paristhiti sAmUhika hotI hai| karma ko vaiyaktika paristhiti kahA jA sakatA hai| yahI karma ko sattA kA svayaMbhU-pramANa hai| paristhiti kAla (time), kSetra (space), svabhAva (nature), puruSArtha (effort), niyati (universal law) aura karma kI saha-sthiti kA nAma hI paristhiti hai| kAla, kSetra, svabhAva, puruSArtha, niyati aura karma se hI saba kucha hotA hai. yaha ekAMgI dRSTikoNa mithyA hai| kAla kSetra, svabhAva, puruSArtha, niyati aura karma se bhI kucha hotA hai, yaha sApekSa dRSTikoNa satya hai| vartamAna ke jana-mAnasa meM kAla-maryAdA, kSetra-maryAdA, svabhAva-maryAdA, puruSArtha-maryAdA aura niyati-maryAdA kA jaisA spaSTa viveka yA anekAnta-darzana hai.

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maiM hU~ apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA 129 vaisA karma-maryAdA kA nahIM rahA hai| jo kucha hotA hai, vaha karma se hI hotA hai--aisA ghoSa sAdhAraNa ho gayA hai| yaha ekAMtavAda saca nahIM hai| Atma-guNa kA vikAsa karma se nahIM hotA, karma ke vilaya (AtmA ke karma ke dUra hone) se hotA hai| paristhitivAda ke ekAMta Agraha ke prati jaina-dRSTi yaha hai--roga deza-kAla kI sthiti se hI paidA nahIM hotA, kintu deza-kAla kI sthiti se karma-uttejanA (udIraNA) hotI hai aura uttejita karma-pudgala roga paidA karate haiN| isa prakAra jitanI bhI bAharI paristhitiyA~ haiM, ve saba karma-pudgaloM meM uttejanA lAtI haiN| uttejita karma-pudgala AtmA meM vibhinna prakAra ke parivartana lAte haiN| parivartana padArtha kA svabhAva-siddha dharma hai| vaha saMyoga-kRta hotA hai, taba vibhAva rUpa hotA hai aura yadi dUsare ke saMyoga se nahIM hotA, taba usakI pariNati svAbhAvika ho jAtI hai| karma kI paudgalikatA anya darzana karma ko jahA~ saMskAra yA vAsanArUpa mAnate haiM, vahA~ jaina darzana use paudgalika mAnatA hai| 'jisa vastu kA jo guNa hotA hai, vaha usakA vighAtaka nahIM bntaa|' AtmA kA guNa usake lie AvaraNa, pAratantraya aura duHkha kA hetu kaise bane? karma jIvAtmA ke AvaraNa, pAratantraya aura duHkhoM kA hetu- hai, guNoM kA vighAtaka hai| isalie vaha AtmA kA guNa nahIM ho sktaa| ber3I se munaSya baMdhatA hai| surApAna se pAgala banatA hai| klorophArma se bebhAna banatA hai| ye saba paudgalika vastueM haiN| ThIka usI prakAra karma ke saMyoga se bhI AtmA kI ye dazAeM banatI haiM, isIlie vaha bhI paudgalika hai| ye ber3I Adi bAharI baMdhana alpa sAmarthya vAlI vastueM haiN| karma AtmA ke sAtha cipake hue tathA adhika sAmarthya vAle sUkSma pudgala haiN| isalie bAharI ber3I Adi baMdhanoM kI tulanA meM karma-paramANuoM kA jIvAtmA para gaharA aura AMtarika prabhAva par3atA hai| zarIra paudgalika hai, usakA kAraNa karma hai| isalie vaha bhI paudgalika hai| paudgalika kArya kA samavAyI kAraNa paudgalika hotA hai| miTTI bhautika hai, to usase banane vAlA padArtha bhautika hI hogaa| AhAra Adi anukUla sAmagrI se sukhAnubhUti aura zastra-prahAra Adi se duHkhAnubhUti hotI hai| AhAra aura zastra paudgalika haiM, isI prakAra sukha-duHkha ke hetubhUta karma bhI paudagalika haiN|

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti bandha kI apekSA se jIva aura pudgala abhinna haiM- ekameka haiM / lakSaNa kI dRSTi se ve bhinna haiM / jIva cetana hai aura pudgala acetana, jIva amUrta aura pudgala mUrta / 130 indriya ke viSaya sparza Adi mUrta haiM / unako bhogane vAlI indriyA~ mUrta haiM / unase hone vAlA sukha-duHkha mUrta hai / isalie unake kAraNa-bhUta karma bhI mUrta haiM / mUrta hI mUrta ko sparza karatA hai / mUrta hI mUrta se baMdhatA hai| gItA, upaniSad Adi meM acche-bure kAryoM ko jaise karma kahA hai, vaise jaina-darzana meM karma zabda kriyA kA vAcaka nahIM hai| usake anusAra vaha (karma-zabda ) AtmA para lage hue, sUkSma paudgalika padArtha kA vAcaka hai / AtmA kI pratyeka sUkSma. aura sthUla mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRtti ke dvArA usakA AkarSaNa hotA hai| isake bAda svIkaraNa (AtmIkaraNa yA jIva aura karma-paramANuoM kA ekIbhAva) hotA hai| karma ke hetuoM ko bhAva- karma yA 'mala' aura karma-pudgaloM ko dravya-karma yA 'raja' kahA jAtA hai / inameM nimitta - naimittika bhAva hai| bhAva-karma se dravya-karma kA saMgraha aura dravya-karma ke udaya se bhAva-karma tIvra hotA hai| AtmA aura karma kA sambandha AtmA amUrta hai, taba usakA mUrta karma se sambandha kaise ho sakatA hai ? yaha bhI koI jaTila samasyA nahIM hai / prAyaH sabhI Astika darzanoM ne saMsAra aura jIvAtmA ko anAdi mAnA hai / vaha anAdikAla se hI karmabaddha aura vikArI hai / karmabaddha AtmAeM kathaMcit ( kisI eka apekSA se) mUrta haiM arthAt nizcaya dRSTi ke anusAra svarUpata: amUrta hote hue bhI ve saMsAra- dazA meM mUrta hotI haiM / jIva do prakAra ke haiM-rUpI aura arUpI mukta jIva arUpI haiM aura saMsArI jIva rUpIM / karma - mukta AtmA ke phira kabhI karma kA bandha nahIM hotA / karma - baddha AtmA ke hI karma baMdhate haiM--una donoM kA apazcAnupUrvI (na pahale aura na pIche) rUpa se anAdikAla sambandha calA A rahA hai / amUrta jJAna para mUrta mAdaka dravyoM kA asara hotA hai, vaha amUrta ke sAtha mUrta kA sambandha hue binA nahIM ho sktaa| isase jAnA jAtA hai ki vikArI amUrta AtmA ke sAtha mUrta kA sambandha hone meM koI Apatti nahIM AtI / baMdha ke hetu karma-sambandha ke anukUla AtmA kI pariNati yA yogyatA hI bandha kA hetu hai / bandha ke hetuoM kA nirUpaNa aneka rUpoM meM huA hai| usake do mukhya hetu haiM- pramAda aura yoga /

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maiM hU~ apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA 131 jIva zarIra kA nirmAtA hai| kriyAtmaka vIrya kA sAdhana zarIra hai| zarIradhArI jIva hI pramAda aura yoga ke dvArA karma kA bandha karatA hai| karma-bandha ke krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha-ye cAra kAraNa bhI batalAe haiN| baMdha kA artha hai-AtmA aura karma kA saMyoga aura karma kA nirmApaNavyavasthAkaraNa / baMdha AtmA aura karma ke sambandha kI pahalI avasthA hai| bandha cAra prakAra kA hai--pradeza, prakRti, sthiti aura anubhAga (yA anubhaav)| 1. pradeza grahaNa ke samaya karma-sambandha avibhakta hote haiN| grahaNa ke pazcAt ve AtmapradezoM ke sAtha ekIbhUta hote haiN| yaha pradeza-baMdha (yA ekIbhAva kI vyavasthA) hai| 2. prakRti-ve karma-paramANu kArya-bheda ke anusAra ATha vargoM meM ba~Ta jAte haiN| isakA nAma prakRti-baMdha (svabhAva-vyavasthA) hai| karma kI mUla prakRtiyA~ (svabhAva) ATha haiM--1. jJAnAvaraNa, 2. darzanAvaraNa, 3. vedanIya, 4. mohanIya, 5. AyuSya, 6. nAma, 7. gotra, 8. antraay| (ye kyA karate haiM, isakI carcA Age kI jaaegii| - 3. sthiti--yaha kAla-maryAdA kI vyavasthA hai| pratyeka karma AtmA ke sAtha nizcita samaya taka hI raha sakatA hai| sthiti pakane para vaha udaya meM Akara AtmA se alaga ho jAtA hai| yaha avadhi (kAlamAna) kA nirdhAraNa sthiti-baMdha hai| . 4. anubhAga-yaha phaladAna-zakti kI vyavasthA hai| isake anusAra una pudgaloM meM rasa kI tIvratA aura maMdatA kA nirmANa hotA hai| yaha tIvratA-maMdatA kA nirdhAraNa anubhAga-bandha hai| ise rasa yA vipAka bandha bhI kahate haiN| - ___baMdha ke cAroM prakAra eka sAtha hI hote haiN| karma kI vyavasthA ke ye cAroM pradhAna aMga haiN| AtmA ke sAtha karma-pudgaloM ke AzleSa yA ekIbhAva kI dRSTi se 'pradeza-baMdha' sabase pahalA hai| isake hote hI unameM svabhAva-nirmANa, kAla-maryAdA aura phalazakti kA nirmANa ho jAtA hai| isake bAda amuka amuka svabhAva, sthiti aura rasa-zakti vAlA pudgala-samUha amuka-amuka parimANa (mAtrA yA quantity) meM ba~Ta jAtA hai| yaha parimANa-vibhAga bhI pradeza-baMdha hai| baMdha ke vargIkaraNa kA mUla bindu svabhAva-nirmANa hai| sthiti aura rasa kA nirmANa usake sAtha-sAtha ho jAtA hai| parimANa-vibhAga isakA antima vibhAga hai| karma : svarUpa aura kArya | isameM cAra koTi kI pudgala-vargaNAeM cetanA aura Atmazakti kI AvAraka (Dhakane vAlI), vikAraka (vikRta karane vAlI) aura pratirodhaka (rokane vAlI) haiN| cetanA ke do rUpa haiM

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti 1. jJAna--jAnanA, vastu-svarUpa kA vimarza krnaa| 2. darzana--sAkSAt karanA, vastu kA svarUpa grahaNa (perceive) krnaa| jJAna aura darzana ke AvAraka pudgala kramaza: 'jJAnAvaraNa' aura 'darzanAvaraNa' kahalAte haiN| inase kramaza: jJAna aura darzana kA nirodha hotA hai| AtmA ko vikRta banAne vAle pudgaloM kI saMjJA 'mohanIya' hai| isake do upabheda haiM 1. darzana moha-zraddhA ko vikRta (viparIta) karane vaalaa| 2. cAritra moha-kaSAya (krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha) ke dvArA AtmA ke cAritra-guNa ko vikRta banAne vaalaa| Atma-zakti kA pratirodha karane vAle pudgala antarAya kahalAte haiN| ye cAra ghAtyakarma haiN| vedanIya, nAma, gotra aura Ayu-ye cAra aghAtyakarma haiN| ___ghAtyakarma ke kSaya ke lie AtmA ko tIvra prayatna karanA hotA hai| ye cAroM karma azubha (pApa) hI hote haiN| isake AMzika kSaya yA upazama se AtmA kA svarUpa AMzika mAtrA meM udita hotA hai| inake pUrNa kSaya se Atma-svarUpa kA pUrNa vikAsa hotA hai--kramaza: ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, kSAyika samyaktva, cAritra aura ananta zakti prApta hotI hai| vedanIya, AyuSya, nAma aura gotra--ye cAra karma zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra ke hote haiN| azubhakarma aniSTa-saMyoga aura zubhakarma iSTa-saMyoga ke nimitta banate haiN| ina donoM kA jo saMgama hai, vaha saMsAra hai| puNya-paramANu sukha-suvidhA ke nimitta bana sakate haiM, kintu unase AtmA kI mukti nahIM hotii| ye puNya aura pApa-donoM bandhana haiN| mukti ina donoM ke kSaya se hotI hai| __ vedanIya karma kA kArya hai-sukha-duHkha kA vedana-anubhUti kraanaa| vedanIya karma ke do prakAra haiM-sAta vedanIya aura asAta vedniiy| ye kramaza: sukhAnubhUti aura duHkhAnubhUti ke nimitta banate haiN| inakA kSaya hone para ananta Atmika Ananda kA udaya hotA hai| nAma karma-zarIra se sambandhita samagra sAmagrI ke lie jimmevAra hai| nAma karma ke do prakAra haiM-zubha nAma aura azubha naam| zubha nAma ke udaya se vyakti zArIrika dRSTi se yazasvI aura vizAla vyaktitva vAlA hotA hai tathA azubha nAma ke udaya se isake viparIta hotA hai| inake kSaya hone para AtmA apane naisargika bhAva-amUrtika bhAva meM sthita ho jAtA hai|

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maiM hU~ apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA 133 gotra karma ke do prakAra haiM-ucca gotra aura nIca gotr| ye kramaza: uccatA / * aura nIcatA, sammAna aura asammAna ke nimitta banate haiN| inake kSaya se AtmA aguru-laghu-pUrNa sama bana jAtA hai| AyuSya karma cAra prakAra kI gatiyoM meM se kisI eka meM jIva ko janma dilAtA hai| AyuSya ke do prakAra haiM-zubha Ayu aura azubha aayu| ye kramaza: devatva, manuSyatva, nArakatva, amAnuSatva (pazutva) ke nimitta banate haiN| isake kSaya se AtmA a-mRta aura a-janmA bana jAtA hai| ___ cAra aghAtya karma-paramANuoM kA vilaya mukti hone ke samaya eka sAtha hotA hai| bandha kI prakriyA __ AtmA meM ananta vIrya (sAmarthya) hotA hai, use labdhi-vIrya kahA jAtA hai| yaha zuddha Atmika sAmarthya hai| isakA bAhya jagat meM koI prayoga nahIM hotaa| AtmA kA bahir-jagat ke sAtha jo sambandha hai, usakA mAdhyama zarIra hai| vaha pudgala-paramANuoM kA saMgaThita puMja hai| AtmA aura zarIra-ina donoM ke saMyoga se jo-sAmarthya paidA hotA hai use karaNa-vIrya yA kriyAtmaka zakti kahA jAtA hai| zarIradhArI jIva meM yaha satata banI rahatI hai| isake dvArA jIva meM bhAvanAtmaka yA caitanya-prerita kriyAtmaka kampana hotA rahatA hai| kampana acetana vastuoM meM bhI hotA hai, kintu vaha svAbhAvika hotA hai| unameM caitanya-prerita kampana nahIM hotaa| cetana meM kampana kA preraka gUr3ha caitanya hotA hai| isalie isake dvArA vizeSa sthiti kA nirmANa hotA hai| zarIra kI Antarika vargaNA dvArA nirmita kampana meM bAharI paudgalika dhArAeM milakara ApasI kriyA-pratikriyA dvArA parivartana karatI rahatI haiN| kriyAtmaka zaktti-janata kampana ke dvArA AtmA aura karma-paramANuoM kA saMyoga karatA hai| isa prakriyA ko Asrava kahA jAtA hai| AtmA ke sAtha saMyukta karma-yogya paramANu karma-rUpa meM parivartita hote haiN| isa prakriyA ko baMdha kahA jAtA hai| AtmA aura karma-paramANuoM kA phira viyoga hotA hai| isa prakriyA ko nirjarA kahA jAtA hai| baMdha Asrava aura nirjarA ke bIca kI sthiti hai| Asrava ke dvArA bAharI paudgalika dhArAeM zarIra meM AtI haiN| nirjarA ke dvArA ve phira zarIra ke bAhara calI jAtI haiN| karma-paramANuoM ke zarIra meM Ane aura phira se cale jAne ke bIca kI dazA ko saMkSepa meM baMdha kahA jAtA hai|

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134 jaina darzana aura saMskRti zubha aura azubha pariNAma AtmA kI kriyAtmaka zakti ke pravAha haiN| ye ajasra rahate haiN| donoM eka sAtha nahIM, eka avazya rahatA hai| karma-zAstra kI bhASA meM zarIra-nAma-karma ke udaya-kAla meM caMcalatA rahatI hai| mAnasika vAcika aura zArIrika kriyA se Atma-pradezoM meM kampana hotA hai| usake dvArA karma-paramANuoM kA AkarSaNa hotA hai| zubha pariNati ke samaya zubha aura azubha pariNati ke samaya azubha karma-paramANuoM kA AkarSaNa hotA hai| karma kauna bAMdhatA hai? akarma ke karma kA bandha nahIM hotaa| pUrva-karma se baMdhA huA jIva hI naye karmoM kA bandha karatA hai| moha-karma ke udaya se jIva rAga-dveSa meM pariNata hotA hai taba vaha azubha karmoM kA baMdha karatA hai| moha-rahita pravRtti karate samaya zarIra-nAma-karma ke udaya se jIva zubha karma kA baMdha karatA hai| naye-baMdhana kA hetu pUrva-bandhana na ho, to abaddha (mukta) jIva bhI karma se baMdhe binA nahIM raha sktaa| isa dRSTi se yaha sahI hai ki baMdhA huA hI baMdhatA hai, naye sire se nhiiN| karma-baMdha kaise? gautama-bhagavAn! jIva karma-baMdha kaise karatA hai? bhagavAn-gautama! jJAnAvaraNa ke tIvra udaya se darzanAvaraNa kA tIvra udaya hotA hai| darzanAvaraNa ke tIvra udaya se darzana-moha kA tIvra udaya hotA hai| darzana-moha ke tIvra udaya se mithyAtva kA udaya hotA hai| mithyatva ke udaya se jIva ke ATha prakAra ke karmoM kA bandha hotA hai| karma-baMdha kA mukhya hetu kaSAya hai| saMkSepa meM kaSAya ke do bheda haiM--rAga aura dveSa / vistAra meM usake cAra bheda haiM--krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobh| phala-vipAka eka samaya kI bAta hai| bhagavAn rAjagRha ke guNazIla nAmaka caitya meM samavasRta the| usa samaya kAlodAyI anagAra bhagavAn ke pAsa aayeN| vandanA-namaskAra kara bole-bhagavAn! kyA jIvoM ke kiye hue pApa-karmoM kA paripAka pApakArI hotA hai? bhagavAn--'kAlodAyI ! hotA hai|' kAlodAyI--'bhagavAn ! yaha kaise hotA hai|'

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maiM hU~ apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA 135 bhagavAn'kAlodayI !jaise koI puruSa manojJa, sthAlIpAka-zuddha (paripakva), uThAraha prakAra ke vyaMjanoM se paripUrNa viSayukta bhojana karatA hai, vaha (bhojana) ApAtabhadra (khAte samaya acchA) hotA hai, kinta jyoM-jyoM usakA pariNamana hotA hai, tyoM-tyoM usameM durgandha paidA hotI hai--vaha pariNAma bhadra nahIM hotaa| kAlodAyI ! isI prakAra prANAtipAta yAvat mithyAdarzana zalya (aThAraha prakAra ke pApa-karma) ApAta-bhadra aura pariNAma-virasa hote haiN| kAlodAyI ! isa prakAra pApa-karma pApa-vipAka vAle hote haiM? kAlodAyI-'bhagavan ! kyA jIvoM ke kie hue kalyANa-karmoM kA paripAka kalyANakArI hotA hai?' bhagavAn-'kAlodAyI ! hotA hai|' kAlodAyI--'bhagavAn ! yaha kaise hotA hai|' bhagavAn--'kAlodAyI ! jaise koI puruSa manojJa, sthAlIpAka-zuddha (paripakva), uThAraha prakAra ke vyaMjanoM se paripUrNa, auSadha-mizrita bhojana karatA hai, vaha ApAta-bhadra nahIM lagatA, kintu jyoM-jyoM usakA pariNamana hotA hai, tyoM-tyoM usameM surUpatA, suvarNatA aura sukhAnubhUti utpanna hotI hai| vaha pariNAma-bhadra hotA hai| kAlodAyI ! isI prakAra prANAtipAta-virati yAvat mithyAdarzana-zalya-virati ApAtabhadra nahIM lagatI, kintu pariNAma-bhadra hotI hai| kAlodAyI ! isa prakAra kalyANa-karma kalyANa-vipAka vAle hote haiN|' karma ke udaya se kyA hotA hai? 1. jJAnAvaraNa ke udaya se jIva jJAtavya viSaya ko nahIM jAnatA, jijJAsu hone para bhI nahIM jaantaa| jAnakara bhI nahIM jAnatA--pahale jAnakara phira nahIM jaantaa| usakA jJAna AvRtta ho jAtA hai| 2. darzanAvaraNa ke udaya se jIva draSTavya viSaya ko nahIM dekhatA, dekhane kA icchuka hone para bhI nahIM dekhtaa| usakA darzana Acchanna ho jAtA hai| nidrA darzanAvaraNa ke udaya se AtI hai| 3. sAtavedanIya karma ke udaya se jIva sukha kI anubhUti karatA hai| manojJa zabda, rUpa, gandha, rasa, sparza, mana:sukhatA, dAk-sukhatA, kAya-sukhatA-ye isake udaya se prApta hote haiN| asAtavedanIya karma ke udaya se jIva duHkha kI anubhUti karatA hai| isake pariNAmasvarUpa ATha bAteM prApta hotI haiM-amanojJa zabda, rUpa, gandha, rasa aura sparza, manoduHkhatA, vAk-duHkhatA, kaay-duHkhtaa|

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136 .... jaina darzana aura saMskRti 4. moha-karma ke udaya se jIva mithyAdRSTi aura cAritrahIna banatA hai| isake pA~ca pariNAma haiM--samyaktva-vedanIya, mithyAtva-vedanIya, samyak-mithyAtva-veTanIya, kaSAya-vedanIya, nokaSAya-vedanIya / 5. Ayu-karma ke udaya se jIva amuka samaya taka amuka prakAra kA jaM bana jItA hai| isake anubhAva (pariNAma). cAra haiM-nairayikAyu, tiryaMcAyu, manuSyAyu, devaayu| 6. zubha nAmakarma ke udaya se jIva zArIrika aura vAcika utkarSa pAtA hai| isake anubhAva caudaha haiM-iSTa zabda, rUpa, gandha, rasa, sparza, gati, sthiti, lAvaNya, yaza-kIrti, utthAna-karma-bala-vIrya-puruSAkAra-parAkrama tathA manojJa svaratA / azubha nAmakarma ke udaya se jIva zArIrika aura vAcika apakarSa pAtA hai| isake anubhAva caudaha haiM--aniSTa zabda, rUpa, gandha, rasa, sparza, gati, sthiti, lAvaNya yazo-kIrti, utthAna-karma-bala-vIrya-puruSAkAra-parAkrama aura amanojJa svrtaa| 7. ucca gotra-karma ke udaya se jIva viziSTa banatA hai| isake anubhAva ATha haiM--jAti, kula, bala, rUpa, tapa, lAbha aura aizvarya-ina AThoM kI . vishisstttaa| nIca-gotra-karma ke udaya se jIva hIna banatA hai| isake anubhAva ATha haiM-- uparyukta ATha kI vihiintaa| 8. antarAya karma ke udaya se Atma-zakti kA pratighAta hotA hai| isake anubhAva pA~ca haiM-dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vIrya meM antarAya (prtighaat)| phala kI prakriyA . karma jar3a-acetana hai, taba vaha jIva ko niyamita phala kaise de sakatA hai? yaha prazna nyAya-darzana ke praNetA gautama RSi ke 'Izvara' ke abhyupagama kA hetu bnaa| isIlie unhoMne Izvara ko karma-phala kA niyantA batAyA, jisakA ullekha kucha pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| jaina-darzana karma-phala kA niyamana karane ke lie Izvara ko Avazyaka nahIM smjhtaa| karma-paramANuoM meM jIvAtmA ke sambandha se eka viziSTa pariNAma hotA hai| vaha dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva, bhava, gati, sthiti, pudgala-pariNAma Adi udayAnukUla sAmagrI se vipAka-pradarzana meM samartha ho jIvAtmA ke saMskAroM ko vikRta karatA hai, usase unakA phalopabhoga hotA hai| sahI artha meM AtmA apane kiye kA apane Apa phala bhogatA hai, karma paramANu sahakArI yA sacetaka kA kArya karate haiN| viSa aura amRta, apathya aura pathya bhojana ko kucha bhI jJAna nahIM hotA, phira bhI jIva kA saMyoga pA unakI vaisI pariNati ho jAtI hai| vijJAna ke kSetra meM paramANu kI

Page #151
maiM hU~ apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA 137 vicitra zakti aura usake niyamana ke vividha prayogoM ke adhyayana ke bAda karmoM kI phaladAna-zakti ke bAre meM koI sandeha nahIM rhtaa| udaya __ karma kA bandha hote hI usameM vipAka pradarzana kI zakti nahIM ho jaatii| vaha nizcita avadhi ke pazcAt hI paidA hotI hai| bandhe hue karma-pudgala apanA kArya karane meM samartha ho jAte haiM, taba unake niSeka (karma-pudgaloM kI eka kAla meM udaya hone yogya racanA-vizeSa) prakaTa hone lagate haiM, vaha udaya hai| karma kA udaya do prakAra kA hotA hai1. prApta-kAla karma kA udaya-baMdhI huI sthiti ke anusAra ucita samaya para svata: karma udaya meM Ate haiN| 2. aprApta-kAla karma kA udaya-kAla prApta hone se pUrva hI paristhiti yA prayatna-vizeSa ke dvArA karma kA udaya meM aanaa| karma kI vaha avasthA 'abAdhA' kahalAtI hai, jisameM karma bandhana ke bAda udayAvasthA ko prApta nahIM krte| usa samaya karma kI sattA hotI hai, kintu usakA kartavya prakaTa nahIM hotaa| isalie vaha karma kA avasthAna kAla (abAdhAkAla) hai| 'abAdhA' kA artha hai--antr| baMdha aura udaya ke antara kA jo kAla hai, vaha 'abAdhAkAla' hai| kAla-maryAdA pUrNa hone para karma kA vedana yA bhoga prArambha hotA hai| vaha 'prApta-kAla udaya' hai| yadi svAbhAvika paddhati se hI karma udaya meM AyeM, to Akasmika ghaTanAoM kI sambhAvanA tathA tapasyA kI prayojakatA hI naSTa ho jAtI hai| kintu apavartanA (karma kI sthiti ko kama karane) ke dvArA karma kI udIraNA yA 'aprApta-kAla udaya' hotA hai| '. sahetuka aura nirhetuka udaya karma kA paripAka aura udaya apane-Apa bhI hotA hai aura dUsaroM ke dvArA bhI, sahetuka bhI hotA hai aura nirhetuka bhii| koI bAharI kAraNa nahIM milA, krodha-vedanIya pudgaloM ke tIvra vipAka se apane-Apa krodha A gayA--yaha unakA nirhetuka udaya hai| isI prakAra hAsya, bhaya, veda (kAma-vikAra) aura kaSAya ke pudgaloM kA bhI donoM prakAra kA udaya hotA hai / apane Apa udaya meM Ane vAle karma ke hetu gati-hetuka udaya-naraka gati meM asAta (asukha) kA udaya tIvra hotA hai| yaha gati-hetuka vipAka-udaya hai|

Page #152
jaina darzana aura saMskRti sthiti-hetuka udaya -- moha karma kI sarvotkRSTa sthiti meM mithyAtvamoha kA tIvra udaya hotA hai / yaha sthiti hetuka vipAka udaya hai / 138 bhava - hetuka udaya -- darzanAvaraNa ( jisake udaya se nIMda AtI hai) sabake hotA hai phira bhI nIMda manuSya aura tiryaMca donoM ko AtI hai, deva aura nAraka ko nahIM aatii| yaha bhava (janma) hetu vipAka udaya hai / gati - sthiti aura bhava ke nimitta se kaI karmoM kA apane-Apa vipAka udaya ho jAtA hai / dUsaroM dvArA udaya meM Ane vAle karma - hetu pudgala - hetuka udaya - kisI ne patthara pheMkA, coTa lagI, asAta kA udaya ho AyA - yaha dUsaroM ke dvArA kiyA huA asAta vedanIya kA pudgala hetuka vipAka - udaya hai / kisI ne gAlI dI, krodha A gayA - yaha krodha - vedanIya - pudgaloM kA sahetuka vipAka - udaya hai / pudgala - pariNAma (Physical/ Chemical change) ke dvArA hone vAlA udaya-bhojana kiyA, vaha pacA nahIM, ajIrNa ho gayA / usase roga paidA huA / yaha asAta vedanIya kA vipAka udaya hai / madirA pI, unmAda chA gayA - jJAnAvaraNa kA vipAka - udaya huA / yaha pudgala - pariNamana - hetuka vipAka udaya hai / isa prakAra ke aneka hetuoM se karmoM kA vipAka udaya hotA hai / agara ye hetu nahIM milate, to una karmoM kA vipAka rUpa meM udaya nahIM hotA / udaya kA eka dUsarA prakAra aura hai / vaha hai pradeza - udaya / usameM karma - phala kA spaSTa anubhava nahIM hotA / yaha karma-vedana kI aspaSTAnubhUti vAlI dazA hai| para jo karma-bandha hotA hai, vaha avazya bhogA jAtA hai, cAhe pradeza - udaya hI ho I puNya-pApa mAnasika, vAcika aura zArIrika kriyA zubha hotI hai to zubha-karma paramANu aura vaha azubha hotI hai to azubha karma paramANu AtmA ke sAtha cipakate haiM / zubha karma paramANu puNya aura azubha karma paramANu pApa kahalAte haiM / puNya aura pApa - donoM vijAtIya tattva haiM / isalie ye donoM AtmA kI paratantratA ke hetu haiM / AcAryoM ne puNya karma kI sone aura pApa karma kI lohe kI ber3I se tulanA kI hai / svatantratA ke icchuka mumukSu ke lie ye donoM heya haiN| mokSa kA hetu ratnatrayI (samyak jJAna, samyak darzana, samyakcaritra) hai / jo vyakti isa tattva ko nahIM

Page #153
maiM hU~ apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA 139 jAnatA, vahI puNya ko upAdeya aura pApa ko heya mAnatA hai| nizcaya-dRSTi se ye donoM heya haiN| puNya kI heyatA ke bAre meM jaina-paramparA ekamata hai| AcArya kundakunda ne puNya aura pApa kA AkarSaNa karane vAlI vicAradhArA ko para-samaya arthAt jaina-siddhAnta se pare mAnA hai| puNya kAmya nahIM hai| yogIndu ke zabdoM meM--"ve puNya kisa kAma ke jo rAjya dekara jIva ko du.kha paramparA kI ora Dhakela deN| Atma-darzana kI khoja meM lagA huA vyakti mara jAe, yaha acchA hai, kintu Atma-darzana se vimukha hokara puNya cAhe, vaha acchA nahIM hai|" AcArya bhikSu ne kahA hai-"puNya kI icchA karane se pApa kA bandha hotA hai|" Agama kahate haiM--"ihaloka, paraloka, pUjA-zlAghA Adi ke lie dharma mata karoM, kevala Atma-zuddhi ke lie dharma kro|" yahI bAta vedAMta ke AcAryoM ne kahI hai, "mokSArthI ko kAmya aura niSiddha -karma meM pravRtta nahIM honA caahie|" kyoMki Atma-sAdhaka kA lakSya mokSa hotA hai aura puNya saMsAra-bhramaNa ke hetu haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai-"puNya aura pApa-ina donoM ke kSaya se mukti milatI hai| jIva zubha aura azubha karmoM ke dvArA saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA ___gItA bhI yahI kahatI hai-"buddhimAn sukRta aura duSkRta donoM ko chor3a detA hai|" ___ abhayadevasUri ne Asrava, bandha, puNya aura pApa ko saMsAra-bhramaNa kA hetu kahA hai| - AcArya bhikSu ne isa prakAra samajhAyA hai--"puNya se bhoga milate haiN| jo puNya kI icchA karatA hai, vaha bhogoM kI icchA karatA hai| bhoga kI icchA se. saMsAra var3hatA hai|" isakA nigamana yaha hai ki ayogI-avasthA (pUrNa-samAdhi-dazA) se pUrva satpravRtti ke sAtha puNya-bandha anivArya rUpa se hotA hai| phira bhI puNya kI icchA se koI bhI satpravRtti nahIM karanI caahie| pratyeka satpravRtti kA lakSya honA cAhie-mokSa-Atma-vikAsa / bhAratIya darzanoM kA yahI carama lakSya hai| 'laukika abhyudaya' dharma kA AnuSaMgika phala hai-dharma ke sAtha apane Apa phalane vAlA hai| yaha zAzvatika yA carama lakSya nahIM hai|

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140 jaina darzana aura saMskRti mizraNa nahIM hotA ___puNya aura pApa ke paramANuoM ke AkarSaNa-hetu alaga-alaga haiN| eka hI hetu se donoM ke paramANuoM kA AkarSaNa nahIM hotaa| AtmA ke pariNAma yA to zubha hote haiM yA azubha, kintu zubha aura azubha donoM eka sAtha nahIM hote| dharma aura puNya jaina darzana meM dharma aura puNya-ye do pRthak tattva haiN| zAbdika dRSTi se puNya zabda dharma ke artha meM bhI prayukta hotA hai, kintu tattva-mImAMsA meM ye kabhI eka nahIM hote| dharma AtmA kI rAga-dveSa-hIna pariNati hai aura puNya zubhakarmamaya pudgala. haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM-dharma AtmA kI paryAya hai aura puNya pudgala kI paryAya hai| dUsarI bAta-nirjarA-dharma satkriyA hai aura puNya usakA phala hai| tIsarI bAta-dharma Atma-zuddhi (Atma-mukti) kA sAdhana hai aura puNya AtmA ke lie bandhana hai| - adharma aura pApa kI bhI yahI sthiti hai| ve donoM dharma aura puNya ke ThIka pratipakSI haiN| jaise satpravRtti rUpa dharma ke sAhacarya se puNya kI utpatti hotI hai, vaise adharma aura pApa ke sAhacarya se pApa kI utpatti hotI hai| puNya pApa phala haiM--jIva kI acchI yA burI pravRtti se unake sAtha cipaTane vAle pudgala haiM aura ye donoM dharma aura adharma ke lakSaNa haiN| ___ jIva kI kriyA do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hotI hai-dharma yA adharma, sat yA asat / adharma se AtmA ke saMskAra vikRta hote haiM, pApa kA bandha hotA hai| dharma se AtmA zuddha hotI hai aura usake sAtha-sAtha puNya kA bandha hotA hai| puNya-pApa karma kA grahaNa honA yA na honA AtmA ke adhyavasAya-pariNAma para nirbhara hai| zubhayoga tapasyA-dharma hai aura vahI zubhayoga puNya kA Asrava hai| puruSArtha bhAgya ko badala sakatA hai vartamAna kI dRSTi se puruSArtha avaMdhya (niSphala) kabhI nahIM hotaa| atIta kI dRSTi se usakA mahattva hai bhI aura nahIM bhii| vartamAna kA puruSArtha atIta ke puruSArtha se durbala hotA hai, to vaha atIta ke puruSArtha ko anyathA nahIM kara sktaa| vartamAna kA puruSArtha atIta ke puruSArtha se prabala hotA hai, to vaha atIta ke puruSArtha ko anyathA bhI kara sakatA hai|

Page #155
141 maiM hU~ apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA karma kI bandhana aura udaya-ye do hI avasthAeM hotIM, to karmoM kA bandha hotA aura vedanA ke bAda ve nirvIrya ho AtmA se alaga ho jAte / parivartana ko koI avakAza nahIM miltaa| karma kI avasthAeM ina do ke atirikta aura bhI 1. apavartana ke dvArA karma-sthiti kA alpIkaraNa (sthiti-ghAta) aura rasa kA mandIkaraNa (rasa-ghAta) hotA hai| 2. udvartanA ke dvArA karma-sthiti kA dIIkaraNa aura rasa kA tIvrIkaraNa hotA hai| 3. udIraNA ke dvArA lambe samaya ke bAda tIvra bhAva se udaya meM Ane vAle karma tatkAla aura maMda-bhAva se udaya meM A jAte haiN| 4. eka karma zubha hotA hai aura usakA vipAka bhI zubha hotA hai| eka karma zubha hotA hai, usakA vipAka azubha hotA hai| eka karma azubha hotA hai, usakA vipAka zubha hotA hai| eka karma azubha hotA hai aura usakA vipAka bhI azubha hotA hai| jo karma zubha rUpa meM hI baMdhatA hai aura zubha rUpa meM hI udita hotA hai, vaha zubha aura zubha-vipAka vAlA hotA hai| jo karma zubha rUpa meM baMdhatA hai aura azubha rUpa meM udita hotA hai, vaha zubha aura azubha vipAka vAlA hotA hai| jo karma azubha rUpa meM baMdhatA hai aura zubha rUpa meM udita hotA hai, vaha azubha aura zubha vipAka vAlA hotA hai, jo karma azubha rUpa meM baMdhatA hai aura azubha rUpa meM hI udita hotA hai, vaha azubha aura azubha-vipAka vAlA hai| karma ke baMdha aura udaya meM jo yaha antara AtA hai, usakA kAraNa saMkramaNa (badhyamAna karma meM karmAntara kA praveza) hai| jisa adhyavasAya (AMtarika pariNAma) se jIva karma-prakRti kA baMdha karatA hai, usakI tIvratA ke kAraNa vaha pUrvabaddha sajAtIya prakRti ke dalikoM ko badhyamAna prakRti ke dalikoM ke sAtha saMkrAMta kara detA hai, pariNata yA parivartita kara detA hai-vaha saMkramaNa hai| saMkramaNa ke cAra prakAra haiM-1. prakRti-saMkrama, 2. sthiti-saMkrama, 3. anubhAva-saMkrama, 4. prdesh-sNkrm| prakRti-saMkrama se pahale baMdhI huI prakRti (karma-svabhAva) vartamAna meM baMdhane vAlI pravRtti ke rUpa meM badala jAtI hai| isI prakAra sthiti, anubhAva aura pradeza kA parivartana hotA hai| apavartana, udvartana, udIraNA aura saMkramaNa--ye cAroM udayAvalikA (udayakSaNa) ke bahirbhUta karma-pudgaloM ke hI hote haiN| udayAvalikA meM praviSTa karma-pudgala ke

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142 jaina darzana aura saMskRti . udaya meM koI parivartana nahIM hotaa| anudita karma ke udaya meM parivartana hotA hai| puruSArtha ke siddhAnta kA yahI dhuvra AdhAra hai| yadi yaha nahIM hotA, to korA niyativAda hI hotaa| AtmA svatantra hai yA karma ke adhIna? / karma kI mukhya do avasthAeM haiM--bandha aura udy| dUsare zabdoM meM grahaNa aura phl| "karma grahaNa karane meM jIva svatantra hai aura usakA phala bhogane meM parataMtra / jaise koI vyakti vRkSa para car3hatA hai, vaha car3hane meM svatantra hai--icchAnusAra car3hatA hai| pramAda-vaza gira jAe to vaha girane meM svatantra nahIM hai|" icchA se giranA nahIM cAhatA, phira bhI gira jAtA hai, isalie girane meM parataMtra hai| eka rogI vyakti bhI gariSTha se gariSTha padArtha khA sakatA hai, kintu usake phalasvarUpa hone vAle ajIrNa se nahIM baca sktaa| karma-phala bhogane meM jIva svatantra nahIM hai, yaha kathana prAyika hai| kahIM-kahIM jIva usameM svataMtra bhI hote haiN| jIva aura karma kA saMgharSa calatA rahatA hai| jIva ke kAla Adi labdhiyoM kI anukUlatA hotI hai, taba vaha karmoM ko pachAr3a detA hai aura karmoM kI bahalatA hotI hai, taba jIva unase daba jAtA hai| isalie yaha mAnanA hotA hai ki kahIM jIva karma ke adhIna hai aura kahIM karma jIva ke adhiin| karma do prakAra ke hote haiM1. nikAcita--jinakA vipAka anyathA nahIM ho sakatA hai| 2. dalika--jinakA vipAka anyathA bhI ho sakatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, 1. nirupakrama--isakA koI pratikAra nahIM hotA, isakA udaya anyathA nahIM ho sktaa| 2. sopakrama-yaha upacAra-sAdhya hotA hai| nikAcita karmodaya kI apekSA se jIva karma ke adhIna hI hotA hai| dalika kI apekSA se donoM bAte haiM-jahA~ jIva usako anyathA karane ke lie koI prayatna nahIM karatA, vahA~ vaha usa karma ke adhIna hotA hai aura jahA~ jIva prabala dhRti, manobala, zarIra-bala Adi sAmagrI kI sahAyatA se satprayatna karatA hai, vahA~ karma usake adhIna hotA hai| udaya-kAla se pUrva karma ko udaya meM lA, tor3a DAlanA, usakI sthiti aura rasako maMda kara denA, yaha saba isa sthiti meM ho sakatA hai| yadi yaha na hotA, to tapasyA karane kA koI artha nahIM rhtaa| pahale baMdhe hue karmoM kI sthiti aura phala-zakti naSTa kara, unheM zIghra tor3a DAlane ke lie hI tapasyA kI jAtI hai| pAtaMjala-yogabhASya meM bhI adRSTa-janma-vedanIya karma kI tIna gatiyA~ batAI gaI haiN| unameM se eka gati hai-kaI karma binA phala die

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maiM hU~ apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA 143 hI prAyazcita Adi ke dvArA naSTa ho jAte haiN| isI karma ko jaina-dRSTi meM udIraNA kahA hai| udIraNA 1. udIrNa karma-pudgaloM kI phira se udIraNA kare to isa udIraNA kI kahIM bhI parisamApti nahIM hotii| isalie udIrNa kI udIraNA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| 2. jina karma-pudgaloM kI udIraNA sudUra bhaviSya meM hone vAlI hai, athavA jinakI udIraNA nahIM bhI hone vAlI hai, una anudIrNa-karma-pudgaloM kI bhI udIraNA nahIM ho sktii| 3. jo karma-pudgala udaya meM A cuke haiM, ve sAmarthya-hIna bana gae, isa lie unakI bhI udIraNA nahIM hotii| 4. jo karma-pudgala vartamAna meM udIraNA-yogya (anudIrNa, kintu udIraNA . yogya) haiM, unhIM kI udIraNA hotI hai| udIraNA kA hetu karma ke svAbhAvika udaya meM naye puruSArtha kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| abAdhAkAla pUrA hotA hai, karma-pudgala Apane-Apa udaya meM A jAte haiN| udIraNA dvArA unheM prayatnapUrvaka sthiti-kSaya se pahale udaya meM lAyA jAtA hai| isalie isameM vizeSa prayatna yA puruSArtha kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| __ yaha bhAgya aura puruSArtha kA samanvaya hai| puruSArtha dvArA karma meM parivartana kiyA jA sakatA hai, yaha spaSTa hai| - karma kI udIraNA 'karaNa' ke dvArA hotI hai| 'karaNa' kA artha hai 'yoga' / yoga ke tIna prakAra haiM 1. zArIrika prvRni| 2. vAcika prvRtti| 3. mAnasika pravRtti / ____ yoga zubha aura azubha-donoM prakAra kA hotA hai| Asrava-catuSTaya meM apravRtti zubha yoga hai aura Asrava-catuSTaya meM pravRtti azubha yoga hai| zubha yoga tapasyA hai, sat pravRtti hai| vaha udIraNA kA hetu hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kI pravRtti azubha yoga haiM, usase bhI udIraNA hotI hai| nirjarA __ saMyoga kA antima pariNAma viyoga hai| AtmA aura paramANu-ye donoM .. bhinna haiN| viyoga se AtmA AtmA hai aura paramANu paramANu / inakA saMyoga hotA hai, taba AtmA rUpI kahalAtI hai aura paramANu karma /

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144 jaina darzana aura saMskRti karma-prAyogya paramANu AtmA se cipaTa karma bana jAte haiN| usa para apanA prabhAva DAlane ke bAda ve akarma bana jAte haiN| akarma banate hI ve AtmA se vilaga ho jAte haiN| isa vilagAva kI dazA kA nAma hai-nirjraa| nirjarA karmoM kI hotI hai-yaha aupacArika satya hai| vastu-satya yaha hai ki karmoM kI vedanA-anubhUti hotI hai, nirjarA nahIM hotii| nirjarA akarma kI hotI hai| vedanA ke bAda karma-paramANuoM kA karmatva naSTa ho jAtA hai, phira nirjarA hotI hai| koI phala DAlI para pakakara TUTatA hai aura kisI phala ko prayatna se pakAyA jAtA hai| pakate donoM haiM, kintu pakane kI prakiyA donoM kI bhinna hai| jo sahaja gati se pakatA hai, usakA pAkakAla lambA hotA hai aura jo prayatna se pakatA hai, usakA pAka-kAla choTA ho jAtA hai| karma kA paripAka bhI ThIka isI prakAra hotA hai| nizcita kAla-maryAdA se karma-paripAka hotA hai, usakI nirjarA ko vipAkI-nirjarA kahA jAtA hai| yaha ahetuka nirjarA hai| isake lie koI nayA prayatna nahIM karanA par3atA, isalie isakA hetu na dharma hotA hai aura na adharma / nizcita kAla-maryAdA se pahale zubha-yoga ke vyApAra se karma kA paripAka hokara jo nirjarA hotI hai, use vipAkI nirjarA kahA jAtA hai| yaha sahetuka nirjarA hai| isakA hetu zubha prayatna hai| vaha dharma hai| mokSa isI kA utkRSTa rUpa hai| karma kI pUrNa nirjarA (vilaya) jo hai, vahI mokSa hai| karma kA apUrNa vilaya nirjarA hai| . donoM meM mAtrA bheda hai, svarUpa-bheda nhiiN| nirjarA kA artha hai-AtmA kA vikAsa yA svabhAvodaya / abhedopacAra kI dRSTi se svabhAvodaya ke sAdhanoM ko bhI nirjarA kahA jAtA hai| karma-mukti kI prakriyA karma paramANuoM ke vikarSaNa ke sAtha-sAtha dUsare karma-paramANuoM kA AkarSaNa hotA rahatA hai| kintu isase mukti hone meM koI vAdhA nahIM aatii| karma-sambandha ke pradhAna sAdhana do haiM-kaSAya aura yog| kaSAya prabala hotA hai, taba karma-paramANu AtmA ke sAtha adhika kAla taka cipake rahate haiM aura tIvra phala dete haiN| kaSAya ke maMda hote hI unakI sthiti kama aura phalazakti maMda ho jAtI hai| jaise-jaise kaSAya manda hotA hai, vaise-vaise nirjarA adhika hotI hai aura paNya kA bandha zithila ho jAtA hai| vItarAga (Atma-vikAsa kI 11vIM. 12vIM, 13vIM bhUmikA meM) ke kevala do samaya kI sthiti kA baMdha hotA hai| pahale samaya meM karma-paramANu usake sAtha sambandha karate haiM, dUsare samaya meM bhoga lie jAne haiM aura __ . tIsare samaya meM ve usase bichur3a jAte haiN|

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maiM hU~ apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA 145 caudahavIM bhUmikA meM mana, vANI aura zarIra kI sArI pravRttiyA~ ruka jAtI haiN| vahA~ kevala pUrva-saMcita karma kA nirjaraNa hotA hai, naye karma kA bandha nahIM hotaa| abandha-dazA meM AtmA zeSa karmoM ko khapA mukta ho jAtI hai| mukta hone vAle sAdhaka eka hI zreNI ke nahIM hote| sthUla-dRSTi se unakI cAra zreNiyA~ pratipAdita haiM.. 1. prathama zreNI ke sAdhakoM ke karma kA bhAra alpatara hotA hai| unakA sAdhanA-kAla dA ho sakatA hai| para unake lie kaThora tapa karanA Avazyaka nahIM hotA hai aura na unheM kaSTa sahanA hotA hai| ve sahaja jIvana bitA mukta ho jAte haiN| isa zreNI ke sAdhakoM meM bharata cakravartI kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| 2. dUsarI zreNI ke sAdhakoM ke karma kA bhAra alpatara hotA hai| unakA sAdhanA-kAla bhI alpatara hotA hai| ve atyalpa tapa aura atyalpa kaSTa kA anubhava kara sahaja bhAva se mukta ho jAte haiN| isa zreNI ke sAdhakoM meM bhagavAn RSabha kI mAtA marudevA kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| 3. tIsarI zreNI ke sAdhakoM ke karma-bhAra adhika hotA hai| unakA sAdhanA-kAla alpa hotA hai| ve ghora tapa aura ghora kaSTa kA anubhava kara mukta / hote haiN| isa zreNI ke sAdhakoM meM muni gajasukumAra kA nAma ullekhanI hai| 4. cauthI zreNI ke sAdhakoM ke karma-bhAra atyadhika hotA hai| unakA sAdhanA-kAla dIrghatara hotA hai| ve ghora tapa aura kaSTa sahana kara mukta hote haiN| isa zreNI ke sAdhakoM meM sanatkumAra cakravartI kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| anAdi kA anta kaise? jo anAdi hotA hai, usakA anta nahIM hotA, aisI dazA meM anAdikAlIna karma-sambandha kA anta kaise ho sakatA hai? yaha ThIka hai, kintu isameM bahuta kucha samajhane jaisA hai| anAdi kA anta nahIM hotA, yaha sAmadAyaka niyama hai aura jAti se sambandha rakhatA hai| vyakti vizeSa para yaha lAgU nahIM bhI hotaa| prAgabhAva, , anAdi hai, phira bhI usakA anta hotA hai| svarNa aura mRttikA kA, ghI aura dUdha kA sambandha anAdi hai, phira bhI ve pRthak hote haiN| aise hI AtmA aura karma ke anAdi-sambandha kA anta hotA haiN| yaha dhyAna rahe ki isakA sambandha pravAha kI apekSA se anAdi hai, vyaktiza: nhiiN| AtmA se jitane karma pudgala cipaTate haiM, ve saba avadhi-sahita hote haiN| koI bhI eka karma anAdikAla se AtmA ke sAtha ghula-milakara nahIM rhtaa| AtmA mokSocitta sAmagrI pA anAsrava bana jAtI hai, taba naye karmoM kA pravAha ruka jAtA hai, saMcita karma tapasyA dvArA TUTa jAte haiM, AtmA mukta bana jAtI hai|

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146 jaina darzana aura saMskRti lezyA lezyA kA artha hai-pudgala-dravya ke saMsarga se utpanna hone vAlA jIva kA adhyavasAya-pariNAma, vicaar| AtmA cetana hai, acetana svarUpa se sarvathA pRthak hai, phira bhI saMsAra-dazA meM isakA acetana (pudgala) ke sAtha gaharA saMsarga rahatA hai, isIlie acetana dravya se utpanna pariNAmoM kA jIva para asara hue binA nahIM rhtaa| jina pudgaloM se jIva ke vicAra prabhAvita hote haiM, ve bhI lezyA kahalAte haiN| lezyAeM paudgalika haiM, isalie inameM varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza hote haiN| lezyAoM kA nAmakaraNa paudgalika lezyAoM ke raMga ke AdhAra para huA hai, jaise--kRSNalezyA, nIlalezyA aadi-aadi| lezyAeM cha: haiM-kRSNalezyA, nIlalezyA, kApotalezyA, tejolezyA, padmalezyA aura shuklleshyaa| pahalI tIna lezyAeM aprazasta lezyAeM haiN| inake varNa Adi cAroM guNa azubha hote haiN| uttaravartI tIna lezyAoM ke varNa Adi zubha hote haiM, isalie ve prazasta hotI haiN| khAna-pAna, sthAna aura bAharI vAtAvaraNa evaM vAyumaNDala kA zarIra aura mana para asara hotA hai, yaha prAya: sarvasammata-sI bAta hai| 'jaisA anna vaisA mana' yaha uvita nirAdhAra nahIM hai| zarIra aura mana, donoM parasparApekSa haiN| inameM eka-dUsare kI kriyA kA eka-dUsare para asara hue binA nahIM rhtaa| 'jisa lezyA ke dravya grahaNa kiye jAte haiM, usI lezyA kA pariNAma ho jAtA hai'-isa siddhAnta se ukta viSaya kI puSTi hotI hai| vyAvahArika jagat meM bhI yahI bAta pAte haiN| prAkRtika cikitsA-praNAlI meM mAnasa-rogI ko sudhArane ke lie vibhinna raMgoM kI kiraNoM kA yA vibhinna raMgoM kI botaloM ke jaloM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| yoga-praNAlI meM pRthvI, jala Adi tattvoM ke raMgoM ke parivartana ke anusAra mAnasa-parivartana kA krama batalAyA gayA hai| paudgalika vicAra (dravyalezyA) ke sAtha caitasika vicAra (bhAva lezyA) kA gaharA sambandha hai| caitasika vicAra ke anurUpa paudgalika vicAra hote haiM athavA paudgalika vicAra ke anurUpa caitasika vicAra hote haiM, yaha eka jaTila prazna hai| isake samAdhAna ke lie hameM lezyA kI utpatti para dhyAna denA hogaa| caitasika vicAra kI utpatti do prakAra se hotI hai-moha ke udaya se yA usake vilaya se| audayika caitasika vicAra aprazasta hote haiM aura vilaya-janita caitasika vicAra prazasta hote haiN| __paudgalika vikAroM (dravya lezyAoM) ke varNa, rasa, gandha aura sparza kA vivaraNa agra prakAra haiM

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147 gandha sparza mRta sarpa | gAya kI kI gandha | jIbha se se ananta ananta guNa guNa karkaza maiM hU~ apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA lezyA varNa rasa kRSNa kAjala ke samAna kAlA nIma se ananta guNa kaTu nIla nIlama ke samAna nIla / soMTha se ananta guNa tIkSNa kapota kabUtara ke gale ke kacce Ama ke rasa se samAna raMga anantaguNa tikta tejas hiMgula-sindUra ke samAna pake Ama ke rasa se : rakta anantaguNa madhura padma haldI ke samAna pIlA madhu se anantaguNa miSTha zukla zaMkha ke samAna sapheda misarI se ananta aniSTa gandha surabhi- | | makkhana kusuma kI se gandha se | anantaguNa anantaguNa | sukumAra iSTa gandha __ guNa miSTa kRSNa, nIla aura kApota--ye tIna aprazasta tathA teja, padma aura zukla-ye tIna prazasta lezyAeM haiN| pahalI tIna lezyAeM bure adhyavasAya vAlI haiM, isalie ve durgati kI hetu haiN| uttaravartI tIna lezyAeM bhale adhyavasAya vAlI haiM, isalie ve sugati kI hetu haiN| kRSNa, nIla aura kApota--ye tIna adharma lezyAeM tathA teja, padma aura zukla-ye tIna dharma lezyAeM haiN| niSkarSa yaha hai ki AtmA ke bhale aura bure adhyavasAya hone kA mUla kAraNa moha kA abhAva yA bhAva hai| kRSNa Adi pudgala-dravya bhale-bure adhyavasAyoM ke sahakArI kAraNa banate haiN| mAtra kAle, nIle Adi pudgaloM se hI AtmA ke pariNAma bure-bhale nahIM banate / kevala paudgalika vicAroM ke anurUpa hI caitasika vicAra nahIM bnte| moha kA bhAva-abhAva tathA paudgalika vicAra-ina donoM ke kAraNa AtmA ke bure yA bhale pariNAma banate haiN| jainetara granthoM meM bhI karma kI vizuddhi yA varNa ke AdhAra para jIvoM kI kaI avasthAeM batalAI gaI haiN| pAtaMjalayoga meM varNita karma kI kRSNa, zukla-kRSNa, zukla aura azukla-akRSNa-ye cAra jAtiyA~ bhAva-lezyA kI zreNI meM AtI haiN| sAMkhyadarzana tathA zvetAzvataropaniSad meM raja, sattva aura tamoguNa ko lohita, zukla aura kRSNa kahA gayA hai| yaha dravyalezyA kA rUpa hai| rajoguNa mana ko moharaMjita karatA hai, isalie vaha lohita hai| sattva guNa se mana mala-rahita hotA hai, isalie vaha zukla hai| tamoguNa jJAna ko AvRta karatA hai, isalie vaha kRSNa hai|

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148 karmoM kA saMyoga aura viyoga : AdhyAtmika vikAsa aura hrAsa jaina darzana aura saMskRti isa vizva meM jo kucha hai, vaha hotA rahatA hai / 'honA' vastu kA svabhAva hai / 'nahIM honA' aisA jo hai, vaha vastu hI nahIM hai / vastueM tIna prakAra kI haiM1. acetana aura amUrta - dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla / 2. acetana aura mUrta - pudgala 3. cetana aura amUrta - jIva / pahalI prakAra kI vastuoM kA honA - pariNamana - svAbhAvika hI hotA hai aura vaha satata pravAhamAna rahatA hai / pudgala meM svAbhAvika pariNamana ke atirikta jIva-kRta prAyogika pariNamana bhI hotA hai, use ajIvodaya - niSpanna kahA jAtA hai / zarIra aura usake prayoga meM pariNata pudgala varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza - ye ajIvodaya - niSpanna haiN| yaha jitanA dRzya saMsAra hai, vaha saba yA to jIvat - zarIra hai yA jIva-mukta zarIra / jIva meM svAbhAvika aura pudgalakRta prAyogika pariNamana hotA hai / svAbhAvika~ pariNamana ajIva aura jIva donoM meM samarUpa hotA hai| pudgala meM jIvakRta parivartana hotA hai, vaha kevala usake saMsthAna - AkAra kA hotA hai / vaha cetanAzIla nahIM, isalie isase usake vikAsa- hrAsa, unnati - avanati kA krama nahIM bntaa| pudgala jaivika parivartana para Atmika vikAsa - hrAsa, Aroha-patana kA krama avalambita rahatA hai / isI prakAra usase nAnAvidha avasthAeM aura anubhUtiyA~ banatI haiN| yaha dArzanika cintana kA eka maulika viSaya bana jAtA hai / abhyAsa 1. " karma" ko vibhinna darzanoM ne kyA-kyA nAma die ? jaina darzana ke anusAra karma kyA hai ? 2. karma ko mAnane ke kyA AdhAra haiM ? 3. AtmA aura karma kA sambandha kyoM aura kaise hotA hai ? 4. karma kI avasthAeM kitanI haiM ? unako samajhAie / 5. karma ke udaya se kyA-kyA hotA hai ? 6. kyA puruSArtha ke dvArA bhAgya ko badalA jA sakatA hai ? jaina darzana kI dRSTi se uttara deM / 7. karma-mukti kI prakriyA ko sarala zabdoM meM spaSTa kreN| 8. nimnalikhita zabdoM para TippaNI likheM-- lezyA, nirjarA, baMdha, udIraNA, punny-paap| Q00

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jaina darzana kA sApekSavAda : syAdvAda syAdvAda jaina darzana ke cintana kI zailI kA nAma anekAMta-dRSTi aura pratipAdana kI zailI kA nAma syAdvAda hai|jaannaa jJAna kA kAma hai, bolanA vANI kaa| jJAna kI zakti aparimita hai, vANI kI primit| jJeya ananta, jJAna ananta, kintu vANI ananta nahIM, kyoMki eka kSaNa meM ananta jJAna ananta jJeyoM ko jAna sakatA hai, kintu vANI ke dvArA kaha nahIM sktaa| eka tattva (paramArtha satya) abhinna satyoM kI samaSTi hotA hai| eka zabda eka kSaNa meM eka satya ko batA sakatA hai| prajJApanIya bhAvoM kA nirUpaNa vANI ke dvArA hotA hai| yaha zrotA ke jJAna kA sAdhana banatA hai| yahA~ eka samasyA utpanna hotI hai-hama jAneM kucha aura hI " aura kaheM kucha aura hI athavA suneM kucha aura hI aura jAneM kucha aura hI, yaha kaise ThIka ho sakatA hai? isakA uttara jainAcArya 'syAt' zabda ke dvArA dete haiN| 'manuSya syAt hai'-isa zabdAvalI meM sattA dharma kI abhivyakti hai| manuSya kevala 'astidharma'namAtra nahIM hai| isameM 'nAsti-dharma' bhI hai| 'syAt' zabda yaha batAtA hai ki abhivyakta satyAMza ko hI pUrNa satya mata smjho| ananta dharmAtmaka vastu hI satya hai| jJAna apane Apa meM satya hI hai| usake satya aura asatya-ye do rUpa prameya ke sambandha se banate haiN| zabda na satya hai aura na asty| vaktA dina ko dina kahatA hai, taba vaha yathArtha hone ke kAraNa satya hotA hai aura yadi rAta ko dina kahe taba vahI ayathArtha hone ke kAraNa asatya bana jAtA hai| 'syAt' zabda pUrNa satya ke pratipAdana kA mAdhyama hai| eka dharma kI mukhyatA se vastu ko batAte hue bhI hama usakI anantadharmAtmakatA ko ojhala nahIM krte| isa sthiti ko saMbhAlane vAlA "syAt' zabda hai| yaha pratipAdya dharma ke sAtha zeSa apratipAdya dharmoM kI ekatA banAe rakhatA hai| isalie ise pramANa-vAkya yA sakalAdeza kahA jAtA hai| syAdvAda : svarUpa 'syAt' zabda tiGnta pratirUpaka avyaya hai| isake prazaMsA, astitva, vivAda, vicAraNa, anekAnta, saMzaya, prazna Adi aneka artha hote haiN| jaina darzana meM

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150 jaina darzana aura saMskRti isakA prayoga anekAnta ke artha meM hotA hai| syAdavAda arthAt anekAntAtmaka vaaky| syAdvAda kI nIMva hai apekssaa| apekSA vahA~ hotI hai, jahA~ vAstavika ekatA aura Upara se virodha diikhe| virodha vahA~ hotA hai, jahA~ nizcaya hotA hai| donoM saMzayazIla hoM, usa dizA meM virodha nahIM hotaa| syAd kA artha hai-kathaMcid-kisI eka apekSA se| syAdvAda kA udgama anekAnta vastu hai| tatsvarUpa vastu ke yathArtha grahaNa ke lie anekAnta dRSTi hai| syAvAda usa dRSTi ko vANI dvArA vyakta karane kI paddhati hai| vaha nimittabheda yA apekSAbheda se nizcita virodhI dharma-yugaloM kA virodha miTAne vAlA hai| jo vastu sat hai, vahI asat bhI hai, kintu jisa rUpa se . sat hai, usI rUpa se asat nahIM hai| svarUpa kI dRSTi se sat hai aura para-rUpa kI dRSTi se asat / do nizcita dRSTi-binduoM ke AdhAra para vastu-tattva kA pratipAdana karane vAlA vAkya saMzayarUpa ho hI nahIM sktaa| syAdvAda kI apekSAvAda yA kathaMcidvAda bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne syAdvAda kI paddhati se aneka praznoM kA samAdhAna kiyA hai| use Agamayuga kA anekAntavAda yA syAvAda kahA jAtA hai| ' dArzanika yuga meM usI kA vistAra huA, kintu usakA mUla rUpa nahIM bdlaa| 'jIva zAzvata hai'--isameM zAzvata dharma mukhya hai aura zAzvata dharma gauNa / 'jIva azAzvata hai'--isameM azAzvata dharma mukhya hai aura : zAzvata dharma gaunn| yaha dvirUpatA vastu kA svabhAva-siddha dharma hai| kAla-bheda yA ekarUpatA hamAre vacana se utpanna hai| zAzvata aura azAzvata kA kAla bhinna nahIM hotaa| phira bhI hama padArtha ko zAzvata yA azAzvata kahate haiM--yaha sApekSa vyAkhyA hai| padArtha kA niyama na zAzvatavAda hai aura na ucchedvaad| ye donoM usake satata sahacArI dharma haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ina donoM samanvita dharmoM ke AdhAra para jAtyantaravAda ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyaa| unhoMne kahA--"padArtha na zAzvata hai aura na ashaashvt| vaha 'syAt zAzvata' hai-aura 'syAt azAzvata' hai--vaha ubhayAtmaka haiM, phira bhI jisa dRSTi (dravya-dRSTi) se zAzvata hai, usase zAzvata hI hai| jisa dRSTi (paryAya-dRSTi) se azAzvata hai, usase azAzvata hI hai| jisa dRSTi se zAzvata hai, usI dRSTi se azAzvata nahIM hai aura jisa dRSTi se azAzvata hai, usI dRSTi se zAzvata nahIM hai| eka hI padArtha eka hI kAla meM zAzvata aura azAzvata-isa virodhI dharmayugala kA AdhAra hai, isalie vaha aneka dharmAtmaka hai| aise ananta virodhI dharmayugaloM kA vaha AdhAra hai, isalie anantadharmAtmaka hai|" .

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jaina darzana kA sApekSavAda : syAdvAda 151 vastu anantadharmAtmaka hai, isalie visadRza bhI hai aura sadRza bhI hai| eka padArtha dUsare padArtha se visadRza hotA hai, isalie ki unake saba ,guNa samAna nahIM hote| ve dono sadRza bhI hote haiM, isalie ki unake aneka guNa sapAna bhI hote caitanya guNa kI dRSTi se jIva pudgala se bhinna hai, to astitva aura prameyatva guNa kI apekSA pudgala se abhinna bhI hai| koI bhI padArtha dUsare padArtha se na sarvathA bhinna hai aura na sarvathA abhinna, kintu bhinnAbhinna hai| vaha vizeSa guNa kI dRSTi se bhinna hai aura sAmAnya guNa kI dRSTi se abhinna / / zarIra AtmA kI paudgalika sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti kA sAdhana banatA hai, isalie vaha usase abhinna hai| AtmA cetana hai, zarIra acetana hai| vaha punarbhavI hai, zarIra ekabhavI hai isalie ve donoM bhinna haiN| sthUla zarIra kI apekSA zarIra rUpI hai aura sUkSma zarIra kI apekSA arUpI hai| zarIra AtmA se kathaMcit apRthak bhI hai, isa dRSTi se jIvita zarIra cetana hai| vaha pRthak bhI hai, isa dRSTi se acetana, mRta zarIra acetana hotA hI hai| yaha pRthvI syAt hai, syAt nahIM hai aura syAt avaktavya hai| vastu sva-dRSTi se hai, para-dRSTi se nahIM hai| isalie vaha sat-asat ubhayarUpa hai| eka kAla meM eka dharma kI apekSA vastu vaktavya hai aura eka kAla meM aneka dharmoM kI apekSA vastu avaktavya hai| isalie vaha ubhayarUpa hai| jisa rUpa meM sat hai, usa rUpa meM sat hI hai aura jisa rUpa meM asat hai, usa rUpa meM asat hI hai| vaktavya-avaktavya kA yahI rUpa banatA hai| isa Agama-paddhati ke AdhAra para dArzanika yuga meM syAdvAda kA rUpa catuSTaya banA 1. vastu syAt nitya hai, syAt anitya hai| 2. vastu syAt sAmAnya hai, syAt vizeSa hai| 3. vastu syAt sat hai, syAt asat hai| 4. vastu syAt vaktavya hai, syAt avaktavya hai| ukta carcA meM kahIM bhI 'syAt' zabda saMdeha ke artha meM prayukta nahIM huaa| saptabhaMgI apanI sattA kA svIkAra aura para-sattA kA asvIkAra hI vastu kA vastutva hai| yaha svIkAra aura asvIkAra donoM ekAzrayI hote haiN| vastu meM 'sva' kI sattA kI bhA~ti 'para' kI asattA nahIM ho, to usakA svarUpa hI nahIM bana sktaa| vastu ke svarUpA kA pratipAdana karate samaya aneka vikalpa karane Avazyaka hai :

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti 1. syAt-asti-pRthvI sva-dRSTi se hai| 2. syAt-nAsti-pRthvI para dRSTi se nahIM hai| 3. syAt avavatavya-pRthvI ukta donoM dharmoM ko yugapat na batAe jAne ke kAraNa avaktavya hai| 4. syAt-asti, syAt-nAsti--pRthvI sva kI apekSA se hai, para kI apekSA se nahIM hai-yaha do aMzoM kI kramika vivakSA hai / 5. syAt-asti, syAt-avaktavya-sva kI apekSA se hai, yugapat sva-para kI apekSA se avaktavya hai| 6. syAt-nAsti, syAt-avakttavya-para kI apekSA se nahIM hai, yugapat sva-para kI apekSA se avavatavya hai| 7. syAt-asti, syAt-nAsti, syAt-avaktavya-eka aMza sva kI apekSA se hai, eka aMza para kI apekSA se nahIM hai, yugapat donoM kI apekSA se avaktavya ___ eka vidyArthI meM yogyatA, ayogyatA, ye do dharma mAna kara sAta bhaMgoM kI parIkSA karane para inakI vyAvahArikatA kA patA laga skegaa| inameM do guNa sadbhAvarUpa haiM aura do unake prtiyogii| ... kisI ne adhyApaka se pUchA-'amuka vidyArthI par3hane meM kaisA hai?' adhyApaka ne kahA--'bar3A yogya hai|' 1. yahA~ par3hAI kI apekSA se usakA yogyatA-dharma mukhya bana gayA aura zeSa saba dharma usake andara chipa gae-gauNa bana ge| dUsare ne pUchA-'vidyArthI namratA meM kaisA hai?' adhyApaka ne kahA--'bar3A ayogya hai?' 2. yahA~ uddaNDatA kI apekSA se usakA ayogyatA-dharma mukhya bana gayA aura zeSa saba dharma gauNa bana ge| kisI tIsare vyakti ne pUchA-'vaha par3hane meM aura vinaya-vyavahAra meM kaisA hai ? adhyApaka ne kahA--'vanyA kaheM bar3A vicitra hai| isake bAre meM kucha kahA nahIM jA sktaa| 3. yaha vicAra taba nikalatA hai, jaba usakI par3hAI aura ucchaMkhalatA, ye donoM bAteM eka sAtha mukhya bana dRSTi ke sAmane nAcane laga jAtI haiN| 4. kabhI-kabhI aisA bhI uttara hotA hai, 'bhAI! acchA hI hai, par3hane meM yogya hai kintu vaise vyavahAra meM yogya nahIM hai|'

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jaina darzana kA sApekSavAda : syAdvAda 153 pA~cavAM uttara-'yogya hai, phira bhI bar3A vicitra hai, usake bAre meM kucha kahA nahIM jA sktaa|' chaThA uttara-'yogya nahIM, phira bhI bar3A vicitra hai, usake bAre meM kucha kahA nahIM jA sktaa|' sAtavA~ uttara-'yogya bhI hai, nahIM bhii| are kyA pUchate ho, bar3A vicitra lar3akA hai, usake bAre meM kucha kahA nahIM jA sktaa|' uttara denevAle kI bhinna-bhinna manaHsthitiyA~ hotI haiN| kabhI usake sAmane yogyatA kI dRSTi pradhAna ho jAtI hai aura kabhI ayogyatA kii| kabhI eka sAtha donoM aura kabhI krmshH| kabhI yogyatA kA bakhAna hote-hote yogyatA-ayogyatA donoM pradhAna banatI haiM, taba AdamI ulajha jAtA hai| kabhI ayogyatA kA bakhAna hote-hote donoM pradhAna banatI haiM aura ulajhana AtI hai| kabhI yogyatA aura ayogyatA donoM kA kramika bakhAna calate-calate donoM para eka sAtha dRSTi daur3ate hI 'kucha kahA nahIM jA sakatA'-aisI vANI nikala par3atI hai| ahiMsA-vikAsa meM anekAntadRSTi kA yoga ahiMsA kA vicAra aneka bhamikAoM para vikasita haA hai| kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika ahiMsA ke bAre meM aneka dharmoM meM vibhinna dhArAeM milatI haiN| sthUla rUpa se sUkSmatA ke bIja bhI na milate hoM, vaisI bAta nahIM, kintu bauddhika ahiMsA ke kSetra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jo anekAnta-dRSTi dI, usase jaina dharma ke sAtha ahiMsA kA avicchinna sambandha ho claa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dekhA ki hiMsA kI jar3a vicAroM kI yathArthatA hai| vaicArika asamanvaya se mAnasika uttejanA bar3hatI hai aura vaha phira vAcika evaM kAyika hiMsA ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hotI hai| akhaNDa vastu jAnI jA sakatI hai, kintu eka zabda ke dvArA eka samaya meM kahI nahIM jA sktii| manuSya jo kucha kahatA hai, usameM vastu ke kisI eka pahalU kA nirUpaNa hotA hai| vastu ke jitane pahalU haiM, utane hI satya haiM, jitane satya haiM, utane hI draSTA ke vicAra haiN| jitane vicAra haiM utanI hI apekSAeM haiN| jitanI apekSAeM haiM, utane hI kahane ke tarIke haiN| jitane tarIke haiM, utane hI matavAda haiN| matavAda eka kendra-bindu hai| usake cAroM ora vivAda-saMvAda, saMgharSa-samanvaya, hiMsA-ahiMsA kI parikramA lagatI hai| eka se aneka ke sambandha jur3e haiM, satya yA asatya ke prazna khar3e hone lagate haiN| basa, yahIM se vicAroM kA srota do dhArAoM meM baha calatA hai-anekAMta yA ahiMsA, ekAMta yA hiNsaa|

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154 jaina darzana aura saMskRti koI bAta yA koI zabda sahI hai yA galata, isakI parakha karane ke lie eka dRSTi kI aneka dhArAeM caahie| vaktA ne jo zabda kahA, taba vaha kisa avasthA meM thA? usake Asa-pAsa kI paristhitiyA~ kaisI thIM? usakA zabda kisa zabda-zakti se anvita thA? vivakSA meM kisakA prAdhAnya thA? usakA uddezya kyA thA? vaha kisa sAdhya ko liye calatA thA? usakI anya nirUpaNa paddhatiyA~ kaisI thIM? tatkAlIna sAmayika sthitiyA~ kaisI thI? Adi-Adi aneka choTe-bar3e bATa milakara eka-eka zabda ko satya kI tarAjU meM tolate haiN| satya jitanA upAdeya hai, utanA hI jaTila aura chipA huA hai| use prakAza meM lAne kA ekamAtra sAdhana hai-shbd| usake sahAre satya kA AdAna-pradAna hotA hai| zabda apane-Apa meM satya yA asatya kucha bhI nahIM hai| vaktA kI pravRtti se vaha satya yA asatya se jur3atA hai| 'rAta' eka zabda hai, vaha apane Apa meM sahI yA jhUTha, kucha bhI nhiiN| vaktA agara rAta ko rAta kahe to vaha zabda satya aura agara vaha dina ko rAta kahe to vahI zabda asatya ho jAtA hai| zabda kI aisI sthiti hai, taba kaise koI vyakti kevala usI ke sahAre satya ko grahaNa kara sakatA isIlie. bhagavAn mahAvIra ne batAyA--"pratyeka dharma (vastvaMza) ko apekSA se grahaNa kro| satya sApekSa hotA hai| eka satyAMza ke sAtha lage yA chipe aneka satyAMzoM ko ThukarAkara koI use pakar3anA cAhe to vaha satyAMza bhI usake sAmane asatyAMza banakara AtA hai|" ___"dUsaroM ke prati hI nahIM kintu unake vicAroM ke prati bhI anyAya mata kro| apane ko samajhane ke sAtha-sAtha dUsaroM ko samajhane kI bhI ceSTA kro|"_ yahI hai anekAnta dRSTi, yahI hai apekSAvAda aura isI kA nAma hai-bauddhika ahiNsaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ise dArzanika kSetra taka hI sImita nahIM rakhA, ise jIvana-vyavahAra meM bhI utaaraa| caNDakauzika sA~pa ne bhagavAn ke DaMka mAre, taba unhoMne socA--'yaha ajJAnI hai, isIlie mujhe kATa rahA hai, isa dazA meM maiM isa para krodha kaise karU~?' saMgama ne bhagavAn ko kaSTa diye taba unhoMne socA--'yaha moha-vyAkSipta hai, isalie yaha aisA jaghanya kArya karatA hai| maiM moha-vyAkSipta nahIM hU~, isalie mujhe krodha karanA ucita nhiiN|' bhagavAn ne caNDakauzika aura apane bhaktoM ko samAnadRSTi se dekhA, isalie dekhA ki unake vizvamaitrI kI dRSTi se vaha unakA zutra nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isa bauddhika ahiMsA kA vikAsa hone kI AvazyakatA hai|

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jaina darzana kA sApekSavAda : syAdvAda 155 kauTumbika, sAmAjika aura rAjanItika akhAr3e saMgharSoM ke lie sadA khule rahate haiN| unameM anekAMtadRSTilabhya bauddhika ahiMsA kA vikAsa kiyA jAe to bahuta sAre saMgharSa Tala sakate haiN| ekAntika Agraha se hI dvaidhIbhAva bar3hatA hai| eka rogI kahe, miThAI bahuta hAnikAraka vastu hai| usa sthiti meM svastha vyakti ko ekAeka jheMpanA nahIM caahie| use socanA cAhie--'koI bhI nirapekSa vastu lAbhakAraka yA hAnikAraka nahIM hotii|' usake lAbha aura hAni kI vRtti kisI vyakti-vizeSa ke sAtha jur3ane se banatI hai| jahara kisI ke lie jahara hai, vahI kisI ke lie amRta hotA hai, paristhiti ke parivartana meM jahara jisake lie jahara hotA hai, usI ke lie amRta bhI bana jAtA hai| kisI meM kucha aura kisI meM kucha vizeSa tathya mila hI jAte haiN| isa prakAra hara kSetra meM jaina dharma ahiMsA ko sAtha lie calatA hai| tattva aura AcAra para anekAntadRSTi ekAMtavAda Agraha yA saMkliSTa manodazA kA pariNAma hai, isalie vaha hiMsA hai| anekAnta dRSTi se Agraha yA saMkleza nahIM hotA, isalie vaha ahiMsA hai| sAdhaka ko usI kA prayoga karanA caahie| ekAMtadRSTi se vyavahAra bhI nahIM calatA, isalie usakA svIkAra anAcAra hai| anekAMtadRSTi se vyavahAra kA bhI lopa nahIM hotA, isalie usakA svIkAra AcAra hai| inake aneka sthAnoM kA varNana karate hue sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM jo batAyA gayA hai, usameM se kucha bindu prastuta haiM 1. padArtha nitya hI hai yA anitya hI hai-yaha mAnanA anAcAra hai| padArtha kathaMcit (kisI eka apekSA se) nitya hai aura kathaMcit anitya--yaha mAnanA AcAra hai| 2. saba jIva visadRza hI haiM--yaha mAnanA AcAra hai| caitanya, amUrtatva Adi kI dRSTi se prANI Apasa meM samAna bhI haiM aura karma, gati, jAti, vikAsa Adi kI dRSTi se vilakSaNa bhI haiM--yaha mAnanA AcAra hai| 3. saba jIva karma kI gAMTha se bandhe hue hI raheMge athavA saba chUTa / jAyeMge--yaha mAnanA anAcAra hai| kAla, labdhi, vIrya parAkrama Adi sAmagrI pAne vAle mukta hoMge bhI aura nahIM pAne vAle nahIM bhI hoMge--yaha mAnanA AcAra hai| 4. choTe aura bar3e jIvoM ko mArane meM pApa sarIkhA hotA hai athavA sarIkhA nahIM hotA--yaha mAnanA anAcAra hai| hiMsA meM bandha kI dRSTi se sAdRzya bhI hai aura bandha kI mandatA-tIvratA kI dRSTi se asAdRzya bhI--yaha mAnanA AcAra hai|

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156 jaina darzana aura saMskRti 5. sthUla aura sUkSma zarIra abhinna hI haiM yA bhinna hI haiM--yaha mAnanA anAcAra hai| ina zarIroM kI ghaTaka vargaNAeM bhinna haiM, isa dRSTi se bhinna bhI haiM aura eka deza-kAla meM upalabdha hote haiM, isalie abhinna bhI haiM--yaha mAnanA AcAra hai| 6. koI puruSa kalyANavAn hI hai yA pApI hai--yaha nahIM kahanA caahie| ekAntata: koI bhI vyakti kalyANavAn yA pApI nahIM hotaa| 7. jagat duHkha rUpa hI hai--yaha nahIM kahanA caahie| madhyasthadRSTi vAle isa jagat meM parama sukhI bhI hote haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne tattva aura AcAra donoM para anekAnta-dRSTi se vicAra kiyaa| ina para ekAntadRSTi se kiyA jAne vAlA vicAra mAnava-saMkleza yA Agraha kA hetu banatA hai| ahiMsA aura saMkleza kA janmajAta virodha hai| isalie ahiMsA ko pallavita karane ke lie anekAntadRSTi parama Avazyaka hai| AtmavAdI darzanoM kA mukhya lakSya hai-baMdha aura mokSa kI mImAMsA krnaa| baMdha, baMdha-kAraNa, mokSa aura mokSa-kAraNa-yaha catuSTaya anekAnta ko mAne binA ghaTa nahIM sktaa| abhyAsa 1. "syAd" zabda kA artha spaSTa karate hue "zAyad" se usI bhinnatA batAeM tathA siddha kareM ki syAdvAda saMzayavAda nahIM hai| 2. kyA jaina darzana ke syAvAda ko sApekSavAda kahA jA sakatA hai? kaise? 3. anya vidvAnoM dvArA kRta syAvAda kI gaI samIkSA kI samIkSA kareM / 4. 'saptabhaMgI' ko kisI sarala udAharaNa ke dvArA spaSTa kreN| (udAharaNa apanI ora se deN)| 5. anekAnta dRSTi kA kyA tAtparya hai ? ahiMsA ke vikAsa meM usakA kyA yogadAna ho sakatA hai? 000

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samanvaya kA rAjamArga : nayavAda sApekSa dRSTi pratyeka vastu meM aneka virodhI dharma pratIta hote haiN| apekSA (relativity) ke binA unakA vivecana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| akhaNDa dravya ko jAnate samaya usakI samagratA jAna lI jAtI hai, kintu isase vyavahAra nahIM cltaa| upayoga akhaNDa jJAna kA ho sakatA hai| amuka samaya meM amuka kArya ke lie amuka vastu-dharma kA hI vyavahAra yA upayoga hotA hai, akhaNDa vastu kA nhiiN| hamArI sahaja apekSAeM bhI aisI hI hotI haiN| viTAmina 'DI' kI kamI vAlA vyakti sUrya kA Atapa letA. hai, vaha bAlasUrya kI kiraNoM kA legaa| zarIra-vijaya (tapasyA) kI dRSTi se sUrya kA tApa sahane vAlA taruNa-sUrya kI dhUpa meM Atapa legaa| bhinna-bhinna apekSA ke pIche padArtha kA bhinna-bhinna upayoga hotA hai| pratyeka upayoga ke pIche hamArI nizcaya apekSA jur3I huI hotI hai| yadi apekSA na ho to pratyeka vacana aura vyavahAra Apasa meM virodhI bana jAtA hai| eka kATha ke Tukar3e kA mUlya eka rupayA hotA hai, usakA utkIrNana ke bAda dasa rupayA mUlya ho jAtA hai, yaha kyoM? kATha nahIM badalA, phira bhI usakI sthiti badala gii| usave. gAtha-sAtha mUlya kI apekSAM badala gii| kATha. kI apekSA se usakA aba bhI vaha. eka rupayA mUlya hai, kintu khudAI kI apekSA se mUlya, nau rupaye aura bar3ha gyaa| eka aura dasa kA mUlya virodhI hai, para apekSA-bheda samajhane para virodha nahIM rhtaa| apekSA hamArA buddhigata dharma hai| vaha bheda se paidA hotA hai| bheda mukhya-vRttayA cAra hote haiM1. vstu-bhed| 2. kSetra-bheda yA Azraya-bheda / 3. kaal-bhed| 4. avsthaa-bhed| isaliye samasyAoM se mukti pAne ke lie anekAntadRSTi hI zaraNa hai| kATha ke Tukar3e ke mUlya para jo hamane vicAra kiyA, vaha avasthA-bheda se utpanna

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158 jaina darzana aura saMskRti apekSA hai / yadi hama isa avasthA-bheda se utpanna hone vAlI apekSA kI upekSA kara deM, to bhinna mUlyoM kA samanvaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / Ama kI Rtu meM rupaye ke do sera Ama milate haiM / Rtu bItane para sera Ama kA mUlya do rupaye ho jAtA hai / koI bhI vyavahArI eka hI vastu ke ina vibhinna mUlyoM ke lie jhagar3A nahIM krtaa| usakI sahaja buddhi meM kAlabheda kI apekSA samAI huI rahatI hai / kazmIra meM meve kA jo bhAva hotA hai, vaha rAjasthAna meM nahIM hotaa| kazmIra kA vyakti rAjasthAna meM Akara yadi kazmIra - sulabha mUlya meM mevA lene kA Agraha kare, to vaha buddhimAnI nahIM hotii| vastu eka hai, yaha anvaya kI dRSTi se hai, kintu vastu kI kSetrAzrita paryAya eka nahIM hai| jise Ama kI AvazyakatA hai, vaha sIdhA Ama ke pAsa hI pahu~catA hai / usakI apekSA yahI to hai ki Ama ke atirikta saba vastuoM ke abhAva dharmavAlA aura Amra- paramANu sadbhAvI Ama use mile / isa sApekSadRSTi ke binA vyAvahArika samAdhAna bhI nahIM milatA / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI apekSA- dRSTiyA~ apekSA-dRSTi se ye nirNaya nikalate haiM-- 1. vastu na nitya hai, na anitya hai, kintu nitya-anitya kA samanvaya hai 1 2. vastu na bhinna hai, na abhinna hai, kintu bheda - abheda kA samanvaya hai / 3, vastu na eka hai, na aneka hai, kintu eka-aneka kA samanvaya 1 vastu ke vizeSa guNa (sahabhAvI dharma) kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA, isalie vaha nitya aura usake kramabhAvI dharma paryAya banate-bigar3ate rahate haiM, isalie vaha anitya hai / " vaha ananta dharmAtmakaM hai, isalie usakA eka hI kSaNa meM eka svabhAva se utpAda hotA hai, dUsare svabhAva se vinAza aura tIsare svabhAva se sthiti hotI hai / " vastu meM ina virodhI dharmoM kA sahaja sAmaMjasya hai / ye apekSA - dRSTiyA~ vastu ke virodhI dharmoM ko miTAne ke lie nahIM haiN| ye usa virodha ko miTAtI haiM, jo tarkavAda se udbhUta hotA hai / samanvaya kI dizA apekSAvAda samanvaya kI ora gati hai / isake AdhAra para paraspara virodhI mAlUma par3ane vAle vicAra saralatApUrvaka sulajhAe jA sakate haiM / madhyayugIna darzana-praNetAoM kI gati isa ora kama rhii| yaha duHkha kA viSaya hai| jaina dArzanika nayavAda ke RNI hote hue bhI apekSA kA khulakara upayoga nahIM kara

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159 samanvaya kA rAjamArga : nayavAda sake, yaha atyanta kheda kI bAta hai| yadi aisA huA hotA, to satya kA mArga itanA ka~TIlA nahIM hotaa| samanvaya kI dizA batAne vAle AcArya nahIM hue, aisA bhI nhiiN| aneka AcArya hue haiM, jinhoMne dArzanika vivAdoM ko miTAne ke lie pracura zrama kiyaa| inameM haribhadra Adi agrasthAnIya haiN| AcArya haribhadra ne kartRtvavAda kA samanvaya karate hue likhA hai-"AtmA meM parama aizvarya, ananta zakti hotI hai, isalie vaha Izvara hai aura vaha kartA hai| isa prakAra kartatvavAda apane Apa vyavasthita ho jAtA hai|" __ jaina darzana Izvara ko kartA nahIM mAnatA, naiyAyika Adi mAnate haiN| anAkAra Izvara kA prazna hai, vahA~ taka donoM meM koI matabheda nahIM/ naiyAyika Adi Izvara ke sAkAra rUpa meM kartRvya batalAte haiM aura jaina darzana manuSya meM Izvara banane kI kSamatA batalAtA hai| naiyAyikoM ke matAnusAra Izvara kA sAkAra avatAra kartA hai aura jana-dRSTi se aizvarya-zakti-sampanna manuSya kartA hai, isa bindu para satya abhinna ho jAtA hai, kevala vicAra-paddhati kA bheda rahatA hai| pariNAma, phala yA niSkarSa hamAre sAmane hote haiM, unameM vizeSa vicAra-bheda nahIM hotaa| adhikAMza matabheda nimitta, hetu yA pariNAma-siddhi kI prakriyA meM hote haiN| udAharaNa ke lie eka tathya le lIjiye-Izvara-kartRtvavAdI saMsAra kI utpatti, sthiti aura pralaya mAnate haiN| jaina, bauddha Adi aisA nahIM mAnate / donoM vicAradhArAoM ke anusAra jagat anAdi-ananta hai| jaina-dRSTi ke anusAra asat se sat utpanna nahIM hotaa| bauddha-dRSTi ke anusAra sat-pravAha ke binA sat utpanna nahIM hotaa| janma aura mRtyu, utpAda aura nAza barAbara cala rahe haiM, inheM koI asvIkAra nahIM kara sktaa| aba bheda rahA sirpha inakI nimitta prakriyA meN| sRSTivAdiyoM ke sRSTi, pAlana aura saMhAra ke nimitta haiM--brahmA, viSNu aura maheza / jaina padArtha-mAtra meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhaulya mAnate haiN| padArtha-mAtra kI sthiti sva-nimitta se hotI hai| utpAda aura vyaya sva-nimitta se hote hI haiM aura para-nimitta se bhI hote haiN| bauddha utpAda aura nAza mAnate haiM, sthiti sIdhe zabdoM meM nahIM mAnate kintu santati-pravAha ke rUpa meM bhI sthiti bhI unheM svIkAra karanI par3atI hai| jagat kA sUkSma yA sthUla rUpa meM utpAda, nAza aura dhauvya cala rahA hai, isameM koI matabheda nhiiN| jaina-dRSTi ke anusAra sat padArtha trirUpa haiM, aura vaidika dRSTi ke anusAra Izvara trirUpa hai| matabheda sirpha isakI prakriyA meM hai| nimitta ke vicAra-bheda se prakriyA ko nainAyika 'sRSTivAda', jaina 'paraNAmi-nityavAda' aura bauddha

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160 jaina darzana aura saMskRti 'pratItya-samutpAdavAda' kahate haiN| isa prakAra aneka dArzanika tathya haiM, jina para vicAra kiyA jAe, to unake kendra bindu pRthak-pRthak nahIM jAna par3ate / samanvaya ke do stambha samanvaya vevala vAstavika dRSTi se nahIM kiyA jaataa| nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM usake stambha banate haiN| nizcaya naya vastu-sthiti jAnane ke lie hai| vyavahAra naya vastu ke sthUla rUpa meM hone vAlI Agraha-buddhi ko miTAtA hai| vastu ke sthUla rUpa (jo indriya pratyakSa hotA hai) ko hI antima satya mAnakara na caleM, yahI samanvaya kI dRSTi hai| padArtha eka rUpa meM pUrNa nahIM hotaa| vaha svarUpa se sattAtmaka, pararUpa se asattAtmaka hokara pUrNa hotA hai| kevala sattAtmaka yA kevala asattAtmaka rUpa meM koI padArtha pUrNa nahIM hotaa| sarva-sattAtmaka yA sarva-asattAtmaka rUpa jaisA koI hai hI nhiiN| padArtha kI aisI sthiti hai, taba naya-nirapekSa banakara usakA pratipAdana kaise kara sakate haiM? isakA artha yaha nahIM hotA ki naya pUrNa satya taka le nahIM jaate| ve le jAte avazya haiM, kintu saba milkr| eka naya pUrNa satya kA- eka aMza hotA hai| vaha anya naya-sApekSa rahakara satyAMza kA pratipAdaka banatA hai| naya vastu ke anya aMzoM kA nirAkaNa na karane vAle tathA usake eka aMza ko grahaNa karane vAle jJAta ke abhiprAya ko naya kahA jAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to ananta dharmAtmaka vastu ke vivakSita aMza kA grahaNa tathA zeSa aMzoM kA nirAkaraNa na karane vAle pratipAdaka kA abhiprAya naya kahalAtA hai| eka dharma (vastu-svabhAva yA vastu-guNa) kA jJAna aura dharma kA vAcaka zabda-ye donoM naya kahalAte haiN| jJAnAtmaka naya ko 'naya' aura vacanAmaka naya ko 'naya-vAkya' yA 'sadvAda' kahA jAtA hai| naya-jJAna vizeSaNAtmaka hotA hai, isalie yaha mAnasika hI hotA hai; aindriyaka nahIM hotaa| naya se anantadharmaka vastu ke eka dharma kA bodha hotA hai| isase jo bodha hotA hai, vaha yathArtha hotA hai, isIlie yaha pramANa hai, kintu isase akhaNDa vastu nahIM jAnI jAtI, isalie yaha pUrNa pramANa nahIM bntaa| yaha eka samasyA bana jAtI hai| dArzanika AcAryoM ne ise yoM sulajhAyA ki akhaNDa vastu ke nizcaya kI apekSA se naya pramANa nahIM hai| vaha vastu-khaNDa ko yathArtha rUpa se grahaNa karatA hai, isalie apramANa bhI nahI hai| apramANa to hai hI nahIM, pUrNatA kI apekSA pramANa bhI nahIM hai, isalie ise pramANAMza kahanA caahie|

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samanvaya kA rAjamArga : nayavAda satya kA vyAkhyA dvAra satya kA sAkSAt hone ke pUrva satya kI vyAkhyA honI caahie| eka satya ke aneka rUpa hote haiM / aneka rUpoM kI ekatA aura eka kI anekarUpatA hI satya hai / usakI vyAkhyA kA jo sAdhana hai, vahI naya hai / satya apane Apa meM pUrNa hotA hai| na to anekatA - nirapekSa ekatA satya hai aura na ekatA -nirapekSa anekatA / ekatA aura anekatA kA samanvita rUpa hI pUrNa satya hai / satya kI vyAkhyA vastu, kSetra, kAla aura avasthA kI apekSA se hotI hai / eka ke lie jo guru hai, vahI dUsare ke lie laghu, eka ke lie jo dUra hai, vahI dUsare ke lie nikaTa, eka ke lie jo Urdhva hai, vahI dUsare ke lie nimna, eka ke lie jo sarala hai, vahI dUsare ke lie vakra / apekSA ke binA inakI vyAkhyA nahIM ho sakatI / guru aura laghu kyA hai ? dUra aura nikaTa kyA hai ? Urdhva aura nimna kyA hai ? sarala aura vakra kyA hai ? vastu, kSetra Adi kI nirapekSa sthiti meM isakA uttara nahIM diyA jA sakatA, kyoMki padArtha ananta guNoM kA sahaja sAmaMjasya hai / usake sabhI guNa-dharma yA zaktiyA~ apekSA kI zrRMkhalA meM gu~the hue haiN| eka guNa kI apekSA se padArtha kA jo svarUpa hai, vaha usakI apekSA se hai, dUsare kI apekSA se nahIM / abhyAsa 1. sApekSa dRSTi ko sarala zabdoM meM spaSTa kareM / 2. sApekSa dRSTi se vibhinna matoM kA samanvaya kaise 3. pravRtti aura nivRttiM yA zraddhA aura tarka ke dRSTi kAragara ho sakatI hai ? samajhAkara likhie | 161 5. kiyA jA sakatA hai ? bIca meM bhI kyA sApekSa 4. naya yA syAdavAda kise kahate haiM ? nayavAda se vastu - vizleSaNa kisa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| nizcaya naya aura vyavahAra naya kA kyA tAtparya hai ? 000

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khaNDa 2 itihAsa aura sAhitya

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bhagavAn RSabha se pArzva taka kAlacakra kAlacakra jAgatika hrAsa aura vikAsa ke krama kA pratIka hai| kAla kA pahiyA nIce kI ora jAtA hai taba bhaugolika paristhiti tathA mAnavIya sabhyatA aura saMskRti hrAsonmukhI hotI hai| kAla kA pahiyA jaba Upara kI ora AtA hai taba ve vikAsonmukhI hotI haiN| kAla kI isa hrAsonmukhI gati ko avasarpirNI aura vikAsonmukhI gati ko utsarpiNI kahA jAtA hai| avasarpiNI meM varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza, saMhanana, saMsthAna, AyuSya, zarIra, sukha Adi paryAyoM kI kramaza: avanati hotI hai| utsarpiNI meM ukta paryAyoM kI kramaza: unnati hotI hai| vaha avanati aura unnati sAmUhika hotI hai, vaiyaktika nahIM hotii| avasarpiNI kI carama sImA hI utsarpiNI kA Arambha haiM aura utsarpiNI kA anta avasarpiNI kA janma hai| pratyeka avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI ke chaha-chaha vibhAga (pUrva) hote haiN| avasarpiNI ke chaha vibhAga : 1. suSama-suSamA 2. suSamA 3. suSama-duHSamA 4. duHSama-suSamA 5. duHSamA 6. duHSama-duHSamA utsarpiNI ke chaha vibhAga isa vyatikrama se hote haiM : 1. duHSama -duHSamA 2. du:SamA 3. duHSama suSamA 4. suSama-duHSamA 5. suSamA 6. suSama-suSamA 1. suSama-suSamA hamAre yuga kA jIvana-krama suSama-suSamA se zurU hotA hai| usa samaya bhUmi snigdha thii| varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza atyanta manojJa the| karmayuga kA

Page #180
166 , jaina darzana aura saMskRti pravartana nahIM huA thaa| padArtha ati snigdha the| ataH bhojana kI mAtrA bahuta svalpa thii| khAdya padArtha aprAkRtika nahIM the| vikAra bahuta kama the, isalie unakA jIvana-kAla bahuta lambA hotA thaa| akAla-mRtyu nahIM hotI thii| yaha cAra koTi-koTa sAgaropama (asaMkhyAta varSAM) kA ekAnta sukhamaya parva bIta gyaa| 2. suSamA tIna koTi-koTi sAgaropama kA dUsarA sukhamaya parva zurU huaa| isameM bhojana kI mAtrA kucha bar3hI, phira bhI svalpa raha gii| jIvanakAla kucha choTA ho gayA aura padArthoM kI snigdhatA bhI ghaTa gii| 3. suSama-duHSamA tIsare sukha-duHkhamaya parva meM aura kamI A gii| bhojana kI mAtrA bar3ha gaI to jIvana kI avadhi ghaTa gii| isa yuga kI kAla-maryAdA thI--do / koTi-koTi saagr| isake aMtima caraNa meM padArthoM kI snigdhatA meM bahuta kamI yaha karma-yuga kI zaizava-kAla kI kahAnI hai| samAja-saMgaThana abhI nahIM huA thaa| yaugalika vyavasthA cala rahI thii| eka jor3A hI saba kucha hotA thaa| na kula thA, na varga aura na jAti / janasaMkhyA kama thii| mAtA-pitA se eka yugala janma letA, vahI dampatti hotaa| vivAha-saMsthA kA udaya nahIM huA thaa| jIvana kI AvazyakatA bahutaM sImita bhii| bhojana, vastra aura nivAsa ke sAdhana kalpavRkSa the| gA~va base nahIM the| na koI svAmI thA aura na sevk| zAsaka zAsita bhI nahIM the| pati-patnI yA janya-janaka ke sivA sambandha jaisI koI vastu nahIM thii| dharma aura usake pracAraka bhI nahIM the| usa samaya ke loga sahaja dharma ke adhikArI aura zAMta svabhAva vAle the| cugalI, nindA, Aropa jaise manobhAva janme hI nahIM the| hInatA aura utkarSa kI bhAvanAeM bhI utpanna nahIM huI thiiN| lar3ane-jhagar3ane kI mAnasika graMthiyA~ bhI nahIM thiiN| ve zastra aura zAstra donoM se anajAna the| abrahmacarya sImita thaa| mAra-kATa aura hatyA nahIM hotI thii| na saMgraha thA, na corI aura na asty| ve sadA sahaja Ananda aura zAMti meM lIna rahate the|

Page #181
bhagavAn RSabha se pArzva taka 167 kAla cakra kA pahalA aura dUsarA bhAga bIta gayA aura tIsare bhAga kA adhikAMza bIta gyaa| ye yaugalika vyavasthA ke antima dinoM kI kahAnI hai|' kulakara-vyavasthA asaMkhya varSoM ke bAda naye yuga kA Arambha huaa| yaugalika vyavasthA dhIre-dhIre TUTane lgii| dUsarI koI vyavasthA abhI janma nahIM paaii| sakrAMnti-kAla 1. vaidika paramparAmeM 14 manvantara kAla kI dRSTi hai| rAjarSi manu ne 14 manvantaroM meM svAyaMbhuva, svArociSa, auttama, nAbhasa, revata aura cAkSusa chaha manvantaroM kI bItane para sAtaveM manvantara-vaivasvata meM mAnavotpatti kahI hai, aura usake pazcAt sAta aura manvantaroM taka sRSTi kI Ayu batAI hai| "zataM me ayutaM hAyanAndve yuge trINi catvAri kRNma:"-vedokti ke anusAra yaha sRSTi-Ayu sau ayuta hAyanoM varSoM ke pIche kramaza: 2, 3, 4 aMka likhane para 432 karor3a varSa hotI hai| atharvaveda meM likhA hai ki bhUta, bhaviSyamaya kAla rUpI ghara eka hajAra khambhoM para khar3A hai| manusmRti (adhyAya-eka) meM likhA hai ki kRta-yuga meM cAra hajAra varSoM ke sAtha 400 varSoM kI saMdhyA aura 400 varSoM kA saMdhyAMza zAmila hai jabaki tretA, dvApara, kaliyuga meM kramaza: tIna, do, eka hissA hotA hai| tadanusAra cAra yugoM kI varSa saMkhyA 12000 banatI hai jo deva varSa kahe gae haiN| zatapatha brAhmaNa meM ise prakArAntara se likhA huA hai ki prajApati ne kula 12 hajAra bRhatI chanda bnaaye| eka bRhatI chanda meM 36 akSara hone se Rgveda meM 36412000 = 4,32,000 akSara haiN| yahI kaliyuga kI varSa saMkhyA bhI hai| Rgveda ke anusAra isakA dasa guNA mahAyuga hotA hai aura usakA hajAra guNA kalpakAla athavA sRSTi kI Ayu hotI hai jise Upara kAlarUpI ghara kahA gayA hai| ina hajAra mahAyugoM ke kalpakAla ko 14 manvantaroM meM bA~TA gayA hai aura pratyeka manvantara meM 71 mahAyuga mAne gae haiN| gaNanAma vaivasvata manu kA janma (saM. 2047) 120. 533, 091 varSa pUrva huaa| isa gaNanA meM sattAIsa mahAyugoM kA kAla 116,640000 varSa aura vartamAna 28veM mahAyuga ke tIna yuga- satayuga-1728000, tretA-1296020 aura dvApara-864000 varpa zAmila haiN| vartamAna kaliyuga kA AraMbha Aja se 5091 varSa pUrva usa samaya huA jabaki vRhaspati graha ne puSya nakSatra meM praveza kiyaa| gaNanA anusAra bRhaspati ke puSya nakSatra meM praveza ko saM. 2047 meM 5091 varSa bIta cuke haiM aura yaha sATha varSIya saMvatsara cakra meM usakA 85 vA~ cakra hai jisake 51 varSa bIta gae haiN|

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168 jaina darzana aura saMskRti cala rahA thaa| eka ora AvazyakatA-pUrti ke sAdhana kama hae, to dUsarI ora janasaMkhyA aura jIvana kI AvazyakatAeM kucha bddh'iiN| isa sthiti meM ApasI saMgharSa aura lUTa-khasoTa hone lgii| usake phalasvarUpa 'kula' vyavasthA kA vikAsa huaa| loga 'kula' ke rUpa meM saMgaThita hokara rahane lge| kuloM kA eka mukhiyA hotA, vaha 'kulakara' khlaataa| vaha saba kuloM kI vyavasthA karatA, unakI suvidhAoM kA dhyAna rakhatA aura lUTa-khasoTa para niyantraNa rkhtaa| yaha zAsana taMtra kA Adima rUpa thaa| manuSya prakRti meM bhalAI aura burAI donoM ke bIja hote haiN| paristhiti kA yoga pA ve aMkurita ho uThate haiN| deza, kAla, puruSArtha, karma aura niyati ke yoga kI saha-sthiti kA nAma hai-pristhiti| vaha vyakti kI svabhAvagata vRttiyoM kI uttejanA kA hetu banatI hai| usase prabhAvita vyakti burA yA bhalA bana jAtA hai| jIvana kI AvazyakatAeM kama thiiN| usake nirvAha ke sAdhana sulabha the| manuSya ko saMgraha karane aura dUsaroM dvArA adhikRta vastu ko har3apane kI bAta nahIM suujhii| isake bIja usameM the, para unheM aMkurita hone kA avasara nahIM milaa| jyoM hI jIvana kI AvazyakatAeM bar3hIM, usake nirvAha ke sAdhana durlabha hue ki saMgraha aura apaharaNa kI bhAvanA ubhara aayii| svagata zAsana TUTatA gayA, bAharI zAsana bar3hatA gyaa| kulakara sAta hue haiN| unake nAma haiM--vimalavAhana, cakSuSmAna, yazasvI, abhicandra, prasenajit, marudeva va nAbhi / tIna daMDanItiyA~ kulakara-vyavasthA meM tIna daNDa-nItiyA~ pracalita huii| pahale kulakara vimalavAhana ke samaya meM 'hAkAra' nIti kA prayoga huaa| usa samaya ke manuSya svayaM anuzAsita aura lajjAzIla the| 'hA! tRne yaha kyA kiyA aisA kahanA gurutara daNDa thaa| dUsare kulakara cakSuSmAn ke samaya bhI yahI nIti clii| tIsare aura cauthe--yazasvI aura abhicandra kulakara ke samaya meM choTe aparAdha ke lie 'hAkAra' aura bar3e aparAdha ke lie 'mAkAra' (mata karo) nIti kA prayoga kiyA gyaa| pA~caveM, chaThe aura sAtaveM-prasenajita, marudeva aura nAbhi kulakara ke samaya meM dhikkAra' nIti clii| choTe aparAdha ke lie 'hAkAra', madhyama aparAdha ke lie 'mAkAra' aura bar3e aparAdha ke lie 'dhivakAra' nIti kA prayoga kiyaa| usa

Page #183
bhagavAn RSabha se pArzva taka 169 samaya ke manuSya bahuta sarala, maryAdA - priya aura svayaM zAsita the / kheda-pradarzana, niSedha aura tiraskAra - ye mRtyu- daMNDa meM adhika hote / yugaloM ko jo kalpa-vRkSoM se prakRtisiddha bhojana milatA thA, vaha aparyApta ho gyaa| jo yugala zAMta aura prasanna the, unameM krodha kA udaya hone lagA / ve Apasa meM lar3ane-jhagar3ane lage / dhikkAra nIti kA ullaMghana hone lgaa| jina yugaloM ne krodha, lar3AI jaisI sthitiyA~ kabhI na dekhIM aura na kabhI sunIM - ve ina sthitiyoM se ghabarA gaye / isa sthiti para niyantraNa pAne ke lie rAjA / kI AvazyakatA huii| kulakara nAbhi kI upasthiti meM vicAra huA aura nAbhi ne RSabha ko rAjA ghoSita kiyaa| isa prakAra nAbhi-putra RSabha pahale rAjA bane / unakA rAjyAbhiSeka huaa| unhoMne rAjya-saMcAlana ke lie nagara basAyA / loga araNya-vAsa se haTa nagaravAsI bana gaye / asAdhu logoM para zAsana aura sAdhu logoM kI surakSA ke lie unhoMne vyavasthA kI / corI, lUTa-khasoTa na ho, nAgarika jIvana vyavasthita rahe - isake lie ArakSaka dala sthApita kiyA gayA / rAjya kI zakti ko koI cunautI na de sake, isalie senA aura senApatiyoM kI vyavasthA huI / jaise auSadha ko vyAdhi kA pratikAra mAnA jAtA, vaise hI daNDa aparAdha kA pratikAra mAnA jAne legaa| rAjA RSabha kI daNDa- vyavasthA prakAra kA daNDa - vidhAna thA - cAra 1. paribhASaka - thor3e samaya ke lie najarabanda karanA - krodha-pUrNa zabdoM meM aparAdhI ko 'yahIM baiTha jAo' kA Adeza denA / 2. maMDalibandha - najarabanda karanA -- niyamita kSetra se bAhara na jAne kA Adeza denA / 3. bandha--baMdhana kA prayoga / 4. ghAta -- DaMDe kA prayoga / rAjatantra meM cAra prakAra ke adhikArI the / ArakSaka varga ke sadasya 'ugra', maMtri pariSad ke sadasya 'bhoja', parAmarzadAtrI samiti ke sadasya yA prAntIya pratinidhi 'rAjanya' aura zeSa karmacArI 'kSatriya' kahalAe / RSabha ne apane jyeSTha putra bharata ko apanA uttarAdhikArI cunA / yaha krama rAjatantra kA aMga bana gayA / yaha yugoM taka vikasita hotA rahA / khAdya-samasyA kA samAdhAna kulakara yuga meM logoM kI bhojana sAmagrI thI-- kanda, mUla, patra, puSpa aura phala / bar3hatI janasaMkhyA ke lie kanda Adi paryApta nahIM rahe aura vanavAsI loMga

Page #184
170 jaina darzana aura saMskRti gRhasvAmI hone lge| isase pUrva prAkRtika vanaspati paryApta thii| aba boye bIja se anAja hone lgaa| ve pakAnA nahIM jAnate the aura na unake pAsa pakAne kA koI sAdhana thaa| ve kaccA anAja khAte the| samaya bdlaa| kaccA anAja duSpAcya ho gyaa| loga RSabha ke pAsa pahuMce aura apanI samasyA kA samAdhAna maaNgaa| RSabha ne anAja ko hAthoM se ghisakara khAne kI salAha dii| logoM ne vaisA hI kiyaa| kucha samaya bAda vaha vidhi bhI asaphala hone lgii| ___samaya ke caraNa Age bddh'e| kAla snigdha-rUkSa banA, taba vRkSoM ke pArasparika gharSaNa se agni utpanna huii| vaha phailii| vana jalane lge| logoM ne usa agni _ ko dekhA, agni kA upayoga aura pAka-vidyA siikhii| khAdya-samasyA kA samAdhAna ho gyaa| zilpa aura vyavasAya agni kI utpatti ne vikAsa kA srota khola diyaa| pAtra, aujAra, vastra, citra Adi zilpoM kA janma huaa| annapAka ke lie pAtra-nirmANa Avazyaka the, isalie lauhakAra-zilpa kA Arambha huaa| sAmAjika jIvana ne vastra-zilpa aura gRha-zilpa ko janma diyaa| nakha, keza Adi kATane ke lie nApita-zilpa (kSaura-karma) kA pravartana huaa| ina pA~coM zilpoM kA pravartana Aga kI utpatti ke bAda huaa| ' padArthoM ke vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha unake vinimaya kI AvazyakatA anubhUta huii| kRSikAra, vyApArI aura rakSaka-varga bhI agni kI utpatti ke bAda bne| kahA jA sakatA . hai--agni ne kRSi ke upakaraNa, AyAta-niryAta ke sAdhana aura astra-zastroM ko janma de mAnava ke bhAgya ko badala diyaa| padArtha bar3he taba parigraha meM mamatA bar3hI, saMgraha hone lgaa| kaumbikA mamatva bhI bddh'aa| lokaiSaNA aura dhanaiSaNA ke bhAva jAga utthe| sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika paramparAoM kA sUtrapAta __ pahale mRtakoM kI dAha-kriyA nahIM kI jAtI thI, aba loka mRtakoM ko jalAne lge| pahale pArivArika mamatva nahIM thA, aba vaha vikasita ho gyaa| isalie mRtyu ke bAda loga rone lge| usakI smRti meM vedI aura stUpa banAne kI prathA cala pdd'ii| isa prakAra samAja meM kucha paramparAoM ne janma le liyaa|

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bhagavAn RSabha se pArzva taka 171 RSabha ne apane jyeSTha putra bharata ko 72 kalAeM sikhlaaiiN| kaniSTha putra bAhubalI ko prANI kI lakSaNa-vidyA kA upadeza diyaa| bar3I putrI brAhmI ko aThAraha lipiyoM aura sundarI ko gaNita adhyayana kraayaa| dhanurveda, arthazAstra, cikitsAzAstra, krIr3A-vidhi Adi-Adi vidyAoM kA pravartana kara logoM ko suvyavasthita aura susaMskRta banA diyaa| ___ karttavya-buddhi se loka vyavasthA kA pravartana kara RSabha rAjya karane lge| bahuta lambe samaya taka ve rAjA rahe / ____ jIvana ke antima bhAga meM ve rAjya tyAga kara muni bne| mokSa-dharma kA pravartana huaa| varSoM kI sAdhanA ke bAda bhagavAn RSabha ko kaivalya-lAbha huaa| unhoMne sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvika-ina cAra tIrthoM kI sthApanA kii| muni-dharma ke pA~ca mahAvrata aura gRhastha-dharma ke bAraha vratoM kA upadeza diyaa| sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA saMgha bnaa| zrAvaka-zrAvikAeM bhI bniiN| sAmrAjya-lipsA bhagavAn RSabha karmayuga ke pahale rAjA the| apane sau putroM ko alaga-alaga rAjyoM kA bhAra sauMpa ve muni bana ge| sabase bar3A putra..bharata thaa| vaha cakravartI samrATa bananA cAhatA thaa| usane apane 98 bhAiyoM ko apane adhIna karanA caahaa| sabake pAsa dUta bheje| 98 bhAI mile| Apasa meM parAmarza kara bhagavAn RSabha ke pAsa phuNce| sArI sthiti bhagavAn RSabha ke sAmane rkhii| duvidhA kI bhASA meM pUchA-'bhagavan! kyA kareM? bar3e bhAI se lar3anA nahIM cAhate aura apanI svatantratA ko khonA bhI nahIM caahte| bhAI bharata lalacA gayA hai| Apake die hue rAjya ko vaha hamase vApasa lenA cAhatA hai| hama usase laDeM, to bhrAtR-yuddha kI galata paramparA par3a jaaegii| binA lar3e rAjya sauMpa deM, to sAmrAjya kA roga bar3ha jaaegaa| paramapitA ! isa duvidhA se ubaariye|' __ bhagavAn ne kahA--'putroM! tumane ThIka socaa| lar3anA bhI burA hai aura klIva honA bhI burA hai| rAjya do paroM vAlA pakSI hai| usakA majabUta para yuddha hai| usakI ur3Ana meM pahale vega hotA hai, anta meM thkaan| vega meM se cinagAriyA~ uchalatI haiN| ur3Ana vAle loga usameM jala jAte haiN| ur3ane vAlA calatA-calatA thaka jAtA hai, zeSa rahatI hai nirAzA aura anutaap| _ 'putro ! tumhArI samajha sahI hai| yuddha burA hai-vijetA ke lie bhI aura parAjita ke lie bhii| parAjita apanI sattA ko gaMvAkara pachatAtA hai aura vijetA kucha nahIM pAkara pachatAtA hai| pratizodha kI citA jalAne vAlA usameM svayaM na jale, yaha kabhI nahIM hotaa|

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti 'rAjya rUpI pakSI kA dUsarA para durbala hai / vaha hai kAyaratA / maiM tumheM kAyara banane kI salAha bhI kaise de sakatA hU~? putro ! maiM tumheM aisA rAjya denA cAhatA hU~ jisake sAtha lar3AI aura kAyaratA kI kar3iyA~ jur3I huI nahIM haiM / ' 172 1 bhagavAn kI AzvAsana-bharI vANI suna ve sAre khuzI se jhUma uThe / AzAbharI dRSTi se ekaTaka bhagavAn kI ora dekhane lage / bhagavAn kI bhAvanA ko ve nahIM pakar3a sake / bhautika jagat kI sattA aura adhikAroM se pare koI rAjya ho sakatA hai - yaha unakI kalpanA meM nahIM samAyA / unakI kisI vicitra bhU-khaMDa ko pAne kI lAlasA tIvra ho uThI / bhagavAn isalie to bhagavAn the ki unake pAsa kucha bhI nahIM thA / utsarga kI carama rekhA para pahu~cane vAle hI bhagavAn banate haiM / saMgraha ke carama bindu para pahu~ca koI bhagavAn banA ho - aisA eka bhI udAharaNa nahIM hai| bhagavAn ne kahA--'saMyama kA kSetra nirbAdha rAjya hai| ise lo / na tumheM vahA~ koI adhIna karane AegA aura na vahA~ yuddha aura kAyaratA kA prasaMga hogA / ' putroM ne dekhA, pitA unheM rAjya tyAgane kI salAha de rahe haiM / pUrva kalpanA kA paTAkSepa ho gayA / akalpita citra sAmane AyA / Akhira ve bhI bhagavAn ke beTe the / bhagavAn ke mArga-darzana kA sammAna kiyaa| ve rAjya ko tyAga sva-rAjya kI ora cala pdd'e| sva-rAjya kI apanI vizeSatAeM haiN| ise pAne vAlA saba kucha pA jAtA hai| rAjya kI mohakatA taba taka rahatI hai, jaba taka vyakti sva-rAjya kI sImA meM nahIM calA AtA / eka saMyama ke binA vyakti saba kucha pAnA cAhatA hai| saMyama ke pAne para kucha bhI pAe binA saba kucha pAne kI kAmanA naSTa ho jAtI hai / tyAga zaktizAlI astra hai| isakA koI pratidvandvI nahIM hai / bharata kA AkrAmaka dila pasIja gayA / vaha daur3A-daur3A AyA / apanI bhUla para pachatAvA huA / bhAiyoM se kSamA mA~gI / svatantratApUrvaka apanA-apanA rAjya sambhAlane ko kahA / kintu ve aba rAjya - lobhI samrATa bharata ke bhAI nahIM rahe the / ve akiMcana jagat ke bhAI bana cuke the| bharata kA bhrAtR-prema aba unheM nahIM lalacA sakA / ve usakI lAlacI 'AMkhoM ko dekha cuke the| isalie usakI gIlI AMkhoM kA una para koI asara nahIM huA / bharata hAtha malate hue ghara lauTa gayA / 1 sAmrAjyavAda eka mAnasika pyAsa hai / vaha ubharane ke bAda sahasA nahIM bujhatI / bharata ne eka-eka kara sAre rAjyoM ko apane adhIna kara liyA / bAhubalI ko usane nahIM chuaa| aTThAnave bhAiyoM ke rAja-tyAga ko vaha aba bhI nahIM bhUlA thA / antardvandva calatA rahA / ekachatra rAjya kA sapanA pUrA nahIM huaa| asaMyama kA 1

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bhagavAn RSabha se pArzva taka 173 jagat hI aisA hai, jahA~ saba kucha pAne para bhI vyakti ko akiMcanatA kI anubhUti hotI rahatI hai / yuddha kA pahalA caraNa dUta ke mu~ha se bharata kA saMdeza suna kara bAhubalIjI kI bhRkuTi tana gaI / dabA huA roSa ubhara aayaa| kAMpate hoThoM se kahA- ' - 'dUta ! bharata aba bhI bhUkhA hai ? apane aTThAnave sage bhAiyoM kA rAjya har3apakara tRpta nahIM banA ? kaisI manodazA hai ? sAmrAjyavAdI ke lie niSedha jaisA kucha hotA hI bAhubala kisase kama hai ? kyA maiM dUsare rAjyoM ko nahIM har3apa sakatA ? kintu ' yaha mAnavatA kA apamAna, zakti kA durupayoga aura vyavasthA kA bhaMga hai, maiM aisA kArya nahIM kara sakatA / vyavasthA ke pravartaka hamAre pitA haiM / unake putroM ko tor3ane meM lajjA kA anubhava honA cAhiye / zakti kA prAdhAnya pazu-jagata kA cihna hai mAnava-jagat meM viveka kA prAdhAnya honA cAhie / zakti kA siddhAnta panapA, to baccoM aura bUr3hoM kA kyA banegA ? yuvaka unheM caTa kara jAyeMge / rogI, durbala aura apaMga ke lie yahA~ koI sthAna nahIM rahegA / phira to yaha sArA vizva raudra bana jaaegaa| krUratA ke sAthI haiM-- jvAlA - sphuliMga, tApa aura sarvanAza / kyA merA bhAI abhI-bhI samUce jagat ko sarvanAza kI ora dhakelanA cAhatA hai ? AkramaNa eka unmAda hai| AkrAMtA usase bebhAna ho dUsaroM para TUTa par3atA hai / 1 hAya ! yaha nahIM / merA 'bharata ne aisA hI kiyA / maiM use cuppI sAdhe dekhatA rahA / aba usa unmAda ke roga kA zikAra maiM hU~ / hiMsA se hiMsA kI Aga nahIM bujhatI - yaha maiM jAnatA huuN| AkramaNa ko abhizApa mAnatA hU~ / kintu AkramaNakArI ko sahU~ -- yaha merI titikSA (sahanazakti) se pare hai / titikSA manuSya ke udAtta caritra kI vizeSatA hai / kintu usakI bhI eka sImA hai| maiMne use nibhAyA hai / tor3ane vAlA samajhatA hI nahIM, to Akhira jor3ane vAlA kaba taka jor3e ? bharata kI vizAla senA 'bahalI' kI sImA para pahu~ca gii| idhara bAhubalI apanI choTI-sI senA sajA AkramaNa ko viphala karane A gyaa| bhAI-bhAI ke bIca yuddha chir3a gyaa| svAbhimAna aura svadeza-rakSA kI bhAvanA se bharI huI bAhubalI kI choTI-sI senA ne samrAT kI vizAla senA ko bhAgane ke lie vivaza kara diyA / samrAT kI senA ne phira pUrI taiyArI ke sAtha AkramaNa kiyA / dubArA bhI mu~ha kI khAnI pdd'ii| lambe samaya taka AkramaNa aura bacAva kI lar3AiyA~ hotI rahIM / Akhira donoM bhAI sAmane A khar3e hue| tAdAtmya AMkhoM para chA gayA / saMkoca ke ghere meM donoM ne apane Apako chipAnA cAhA, kintu donoM vivaza the / eka ke sAmane sAmrAjya ke sammAna kA prazna thA, dUsare ke sAmane svAbhimAna kA / ve vinaya aura

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174 jaina darzana aura saMskRti vAtsalya kI maryAdA ko jAnate hue bhI raNabhUmi meM utara aae| dRSTi-yuddha, muSTi-yuddha Adi pA~ca prakAra ke yuddha hone nizcita hue| una saba meM samrATa parAjita huaa| vijayI huA baahublii| bharata ko choTe bhAI se parAjita honA bahuta cubhaa| vaha Avega ko roka na skaa| maryAdA ko tor3a bAhubalI para cakra kA prayoga kara ddaalaa| isa apratyAzita ghaTanA se bAhubalI kA khUna ubala gyaa| prema kA srota eka sAtha hI sUkha gyaa| bacAva kI bhAvanA se vihIna hAtha uThA to sAre sanna raha ge| bhUmi aura AkAza bAhubalI kI birudAvaliyoM se gUMja utthe| bharata apane avicArita prayoga se lajjita ho sira jhukAe khar3A rhaa| sAre lAge bharata kI bhUla ko bhulA dene kI prArthanA meM laga gye| eka sAtha lAkhoM kaNThoM se eka hI svara gUMjA--'mahAn pitA ke putra bhI mahAn hote haiN| samrATa ne anucita kiyA, para choTe bhAI ke hAtha se bar3e bhAI kI hatyA aura adhika anucita kArya hogaa| mahAn hI kSamA kara sakatA hai| kSamA karane vAlA kabhI choTA nahIM hotaa| mahAn pitA ke mahAn putra! hameM kSamA kIjie, hamAre samrATa ko kSamA kiijie|' ina lAkhoM kaNThoM kI vinamra svara-lahariyoM ne bAhubalI ke zaurya ko mArgAntarita kara diyaa| bAhubalI ne apane Apako samhAlA / mahAn pitA kI smRti ne vega kA zamana kiyaa| uThA huA hAtha viphala nahIM lautttaa| usakA prahAra bharata para nahIM huaa| vaha apane sira para lgaa| sira ke bAla noca DAle aura apane pitA ke patha kI ora cala pdd'aa| bAhubalI ke paira Age nahIM bddh'e| ve pitA kI zaraNa meM cale gae, para unake pAsa nahIM ge| ahaMkAra aba bhI baca rahA thaa| pUrva-dIkSita choTe bhAiyoM ko namaskAra karane kI bAta Ate hI unake paira ruka gye| ve eka varSa taka dhyAna-mudrA meM khar3e rhe| vijaya aura parAjaya kI rekhAeM anaginata hotI haiN| asaMtoSa para vijaya pAne vAle bAhubalI ahaM se parAjita ho ge| unakA tyAga aura kSamA unheM Atma-darzana kI ora le ge| unake ahaM ne unheM pIche Dhakela diyaa| bahuta lambI dhyAna-mudrA ke uparAnta bhI Age nahIM bar3ha ske| 'ye paira ruka kyoM rahe haiM? saritA kA pravAha ruka kyoM rahA hai?' ye zabda bAhubalI ke kAnoM ko bIMdha hRdaya ko pAra kara ge| bAhubalI ne AMkhoM kholiiN| dekhA, bAhmI aura sundarI sAmane khar3I haiN| bahanoM kI vinamra-mudrA ko dekha unakI AMkheM jhuka gii| ___ 'avasthA se choTe-bar3e kI mAnyatA eka vyavahAra hai| vaha sArvabhauma satya nahIM hai| ye mere paira gaNita ke choTe-se prazna meM ulajha ge| choTe bhAiyoM ko namaskAra kaise karU~-isa tuccha cintana meM merA mahAn-sAdhya vilIna ho gyaa| avasthA laukika mAnadaNDa hai| lokottara jagat meM chuTapana aura bar3appana ke mAnadaNDa badala dete

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bhagavAn RSabha se pArzva taka 175 haiN| ve bhAI majhase choTe nahIM haiM, unakA caritra vizAla hai| mere ahaM ne mujhe choTA banA diyaa| aba mujhe avilamba bhagavAn ke pAsa calanA caahie|' paira uThe ki bandhana TUTa pdd'e| namratA ke utkarSa meM samatA kA pravAha baha claa| bAhubalI kevalI bana ge| satya kA sAkSAt hI nahIM huA, ve svayaM satya bana ge| ziva aba unakA ArAdhya nahIM rahA, ve svayaM ziva bana ge| Ananda aba unake lie prApya nahIM rahA, ve svayaM Ananda bana ge| bharata kA anAsakta yoga bharata aba asahAya jaisA ho gyaa| bhAI jaisA zabda usake lie arthavAna na rhaa| vaha samrAT banA rahA, kintu usakA hRdaya aba sAmrAjyavAdI nahIM rhaa| padArtha milate rahe, para Asakti nahIM rhii| vaha udAsIna bhAva se rAjya-saMcAlana karane lgaa| bhagavAn ayodhyA aae| pravacana huaa| eka prazna ke uttara meM bhagavAn ne khaa| 'bharata mokSa-gAmI / ' eka sadasya bhagavAn para bigar3a gayA aura una para putra ke pakSapAta kA Aropa lgaayaa| bharata ne use phAMsI kI sajA sunA dii| vaha ghabarA gyaa| bharata ke pairoM meM gira par3A aura aparAdha ke lie kSamA maaNgii| bharata ne kahA--'tela bharA kaTorA lie sAre nagara meM dhUma aao| tela kI eka bUMda nIce na DAlo, to tuma chUTa sakate ho| dUsarA koI vikalpa nahIM hai|' abhiyukta ne vaisA hI kiyaa| vaha bar3I sAvadhAnI se nagara meM ghUma AyA aura samrATa ke sAmane prastuta huaa| samrATa ne pUchA-nagara meM ghUma Aye? 'jI hA~ / ' abhiyukta ne saphalatA ke bhAva se khaa| samrATa-nagara meM kucha dekhA tumane? abhiyukta nahIM samrATa! kucha nahIM dekhaa| samrATa-kaI nATaka dekhe hoMge? abhiyukta-jI nahIM! mauta ke sivA kucha bhI nahIM dekhaa| samrATa-kucha gIta to sune hoMge? abhiyukta-samrATa kI sAkSI se kahatA hU~, mauta kI gunagunAhaTa ke sivA kucha nahIM patA samrATa-mauta kA itanA Dara? abhiyukta-samrAT ise kyA jAne ? yaha mRtyudaNDa pAne vAlA hI samajha sakatA hai|

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti samrAT--var2yA samrAT amara rahegA ? kabhI nahIM / mauta ke mu~ha se koI nahIM baca sktaa| tuma eka jIvana kI mauta se Dara gaye / na tumane nATaka dekhe aura na gIta sune / maiM mauta kI lambI paramparA se paricita huuN| yaha sAmrAjya mujhe nahIM lubhA sakatA / 176 samrAT kI karuNApUrNa AMkhoM ne abhiyukta ko abhaya banA diyA / mRtyu daNDa use lie kevala zikSAprada thA / samrAT kI amaratva-niSThA ne use mauta se sadA ke lie ubAra liyA / zrAmaNya kI ora samrAT bharata nahAne ko the / snAnaghara meM gaye, aMgUThI kholI / aMgulI kI zobhA ghaTa gii| phira use pahanA, zobhA bar3ha gaI / 'para padArtha se zobhA bar3hatI hai, yaha saundarya kRtrima hai / ' - isa cintana meM lage aura lage sahaja saundarya DhU~r3hane / bhAvanA kA pravAha Age bddh'aa| karma - mala ko dho DAlA / kSaNoM meM hI muni bane, na veza badalA, na rAjaprAsAda se bAhara nikale, kintu inakA Antarika saMyama inase bAhara nikala AyA aura ve pitA ke patha para cala par3e / 4. duHSama- suSamA RSabha ke pazcAt jaina dharma ke cauthe tIrthaMkara taka kAla kA tIsarA caraNa samApta huaa| kAla kA cauthA caraNa duHSama - suSamA AyA, jisameM zeSa bIsa tIrthaMkara hue / tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi jaina dharma ke bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi hue| usa samaya soriyapura nagara meM andhaka kula ke netA samudravijaya rAjya karate the| unakI paTarAnI kA nAma zivA thA / usake cAra putra the - ariSTanemi, rathanemi, satyanemi aura dRr3hanemi / ariSTanemi kA jIva jaba zivArAnI ke garbha meM AyA taba mAtA ne caudaha svapna dekhe / zrAvaNa - kRSNA paMcamI ko rAnI ne putra ratna kA prasava kiyaa| svapna meM riSTaratnamaya nemi dekhe jAne ke kAraNa putra kA nAma ariSTanemi rakhA / ariSTanemi yuvA hue| iMdriya viSayoM kI ora unakA anurAga nahIM thA / ve virakta the| pitA samudravijaya ne socA ki aisA upakrama kiyA jAye jisase ki ariSTanemi viSayoM ke prati Asakta hokara gRhastha jIvana jIye / aneka prayatna kiye| aneka pralobhana die ge| para ve apane lakSya se vicalita nahIM hue| kucha

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bhagavAn pabha se pArzva taka 177 samaya biitaa| anta meM zrI kRSNa ke samajhAne para ve vivAha karane ke lie rAjI ho ge| bhoja kala ke rAjanya ugrasena kI putrI rAjImatI ke sAtha unakA vivAha nizcita huaa| vivAha se pUrva kie jAne vAle sAre rIti-rivAja sampanna hue| vivAha kA dina aayaa| rAjImatI alaMkRta huii| kumAra ariSTanemi bhI alaMkRta hokara hAthI para ArUr3ha hue| maMgaladIpa sajAe ge| bAje bajane lge| vara-yAtrA prArambha huii| hajAroM logoM ne use dekhaa| vaha vivAha-maNDapa kI ora dhIre-dhIre bar3ha rahI thii| eka sthAna para ariSTanemi ko karuNa zabda sunAI die| unhoMne mahAvata se pUchA-'ye zabda kahA~ se A rahe haiM?' mahAvata ne kahA--'deva! ye zabda pazuoM kI cItkAra ke haiN| ve Apake vivAha meM sammilita hone vAle vyaktiyoM ke lie bhojya bneNge| maraNa-bhaya se ve Akrandana kara rahe haiN|' __ ariSTanemi kA mana khinna ho gyaa| unhoMne kahA--'yaha kaisA Ananda! yaha kaisA vivAha ! jahA~ hajAroM mUka pazuoM kA vadha kiyA jAtA hai| yaha to saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kA hetu hai| maiM isameM kyoM paDUM !' unhoMne hAthI ko vahA~ se apane nivAsa-sthAna kI ora mor3a diyaa| ve mAtA-pitA ke pAsa gae aura pravrajita hone kI icchA vyakta kii| mAtA-pitA kI AjJA prApta karake ve tIna dina kI tapasyA meM ujjayaMta parvata para sahasrAmrabana meM zrAvaNa zuklA SaSThI ke dina eka hajAra vyaktiyoM ke sAtha pravrajita ho ge| unheM copana dina ke bAda Azvina kRSNA amAvasyA ke dina kaivalya prApti ho gii| ve kevalI bne| ve dharmatIrtha kA pravartana kara bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara ho ge| chAndogya upaniSada ke anusAra zrIkRSNa ke AdhyAtmaka guru ghora AMgirasa RSi the| jaina AgamoM ke anusAra zrIkRSNa ke AdhyAtmika guru bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi the| ghora AMgirasa ne zrIkRSNa ko jisa dhAraNA kA upadeza diyA hai. vaha jaina paramparA se bhinna nahIM hai| 'tU akSita-akSaya hai, acyuta-avinAzI hai aura prANa-saMzita-atisUkSmaprANa hai|' isa trayIM ko sunakara zrIkRSNa anya vidyAoM ke prati tRSNAhIna ho ge| jaina darzana AtmavAda kI bhitti para avasthita hai| ghora AMgirasa ne jo upadeza diyA, usakA sambandha AtmavAdI dhAraNA se hai| 'isIbhAsiya' meM AMgirasa nAmaka pratyeka buddha kA ullekha hai| ve bhagavAn-ariSTanemi ke zAsanakAla meM hue the| isa AdhAra para yaha sambhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai ki ghora AMgirasa yA to ariSTanemi ke ziSya yA unake vicAroM se prabhAvita koI sanyAsI rahe hoNge|

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178 jaina darzana aura saMskRti isa sambandha meM ullekhanIya hai ki zrIkRSNa aura ariSTanemi kA pArivArika sambandha thaa| ariSTanemi samudravijaya ke aura 'zrIkRSNa vasudeva ke putra the| samudravijaya aura vasudeva sage bhAI the| zrIkRSNa ne ariSTanemi ke vivAha ke lie prayatna kiyaa| ariSTanemi kI dIkSA ke samaya ve upasthita the| rAjImatI ko bhI dIkSA ke samaya meM unhoMne bhAvuka zabdoM meM AzIrvAda diyaa| zrI kRSNa ke priya anuja gajasukumAra ne ariSTanemi ke pAsa dIkSA tii| zrI kRSNa kI ATha patniyA~ ariSTanemi ke pAsa pravrajita huiiN| zrI kRSNa ke putra aura unake pArivArika loga ariSTanemi ke ziSya bne| jaina sAhitya meM ariSTanemi aura zrI kRSNa ke vArtAlApoM, praznottaroM aura vividha carcAoM ke aneka ullekha milate haiN| vedoM meM zrI kRSNa ke deva rUpa kI carcA nahIM hai| chAndogya-upaniSad meM bhI zrI kRSNa ke yathArtha rUpa kA varNana hai| paurANika kAla meM zrI kRSNa kA rUpa-parivartana hotA hai| ve sarvazaktimAna deva bana jAte haiN| zrI kRSNa ke yathArtha-rUpa kA varNana jaina AgamoM meM milatA hai| ariSTanemi aura unakI vANI se ve prabhAvita the, ise asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| usa samaya saurASTra kI AdhyAtmika cetanA kA Aloka samUce bhArata ko Alokita kara rahA thaa| tIrthaMkara pArzva teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzva hue| unakA tIrtha-pravartana bhagavAn mahAvIra se 250 varSa pahale huaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya taka unakI paramparA avicchinna thii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA bhagavAn pArzva ke anuyAyI the| ahisA aura satya kI sAdhanA ko samAjavyApI banAne kA zreya bhagavAn pArzva ko hai| bhagavAn pArzva ahiMsaka paramparA ke unnayana dvArA bahuta lokapriya ho gaye the| isakI jAnakArI hameM purisAdANI ya' (puruSAdAnIya) vizeSaNa ke dvArA milatI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra bhagavAn pArzva ke lie isa vizeSaNa kA sammAnapUrvaka prayoga karate the| ye kAzI nareza azvasena ke putra the| inakI mAtA kA nAma vAmAdevI thaa| ye 30 varSa kI avasthA meM dIkSita hue| varSoM taka sAdhanA kara kevalI bane / tIrtha kI sthApanA kara RSabha kI zrRMkhalA meM teIsaveM tIrthaMkara hue| inakA janma I.pU. 877 meM huaa| inhoMne sau varSoM kI Ayu vyatIta kara I.pU. 777 meM sammedazikhara (pArasanAtha pahAr3I) para pari-nirvANa ko prApta kiyaa|

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bhagavAn RSabha se pArzva taka 179 inake 178 varSa pazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma huaa| pArzva ke samaya meM cAturyAma dharma pravartita thaa| eka bAra rAjakumAra pArzva gaMgA ke kinAre ghUmane nikle| vahA~ eka tApasa paMcAgni tapa kara rahA thaa| cAroM dizAoM meM agni jala rahI thii| Upara se sUrya kA pracaNDa tApa A rahA thaa| pArzva vahA~ Akara ruke| unheM janma se avadhijJAna (eka prakAra kA atIndriya jJAna) prApta thaa| usa divya jJAna se unhoMne lakkar3a meM jala rahe sarpa-yugala ko jAna liyaa| unhoMne tApasa se kahA--'yaha kyA? jala rahe isa lakkar3a meM sA~pa kA eka jor3A hai| vaha jalakara bhasma ho jaaegaa|' lakkar3a ko bAhara nikAlA gyaa| sA~pa kA jor3A adhajalA ho cukA thaa| use dekhakara saba Azcaryacakita raha ge| rAjakumAra pArzva ne use namaskAra mantra sunaayaa| vaha sarpa-yugala mara kara deva-rUpa meM utpanna hue| dharaNendra-padyAvatI ke nAma se vaha yugala pArzvanAtha kA parama upAsaka bnaa| pArzva kA dharma bilkula sIdhA-sAdA thaa| hiMsA, asatya, steya tathA parigraha ina cAra bAtoM ke tyAga karane kA ve upadeza dete the| itane prAcIna kAla meM ahiMsA ko itanA susambaddha rUpa dene kA yaha pahalA hI udAharaNa hai| pArzva muni ne eka aura bhI bAta kii| unhoMne ahiMsA ko satya, asteya aura aparigraha-ina tIna niyamoM ke sAtha jakar3a diyaa| isa kAraNa pahale jo ahiMsA RSi-muniyoM ke AcaraNa taka hI sImita thI aura janatA ke vyavahAra meM jisakA koI sthAna na thA, aba vaha ina niyamoM ke sambandha meM sAmAjika aura vyAvahArika ho gii| pArzva muni ne tIsarI bAta yaha kI ki apane navIna dharma ke pracAra ke lie unhoMne saMgha bnaae| bauddha sAhitya meM isa bAta kA patA lagatA hai ki buddha ke samaya jo saMgha vidyamAna the, una saba meM jaina sAdhu aura sAdhviyoM kA saMgha sabase bar3A thaa| pArzva ke pahale brAhmaNoM ke bar3e-bar3e samUha the, para ve sirpha yajJa-yAga kA pracAra karane ke lie hI the| yajJa-yAga kA tiraskAra kara usakA tyAga kara jaMgaloM meM tapasyA karane vAloM ke saMgha bhI the| tapasyA kA eka aMga samajhakara hI ve ahiMsA-dharma kA pAlana karate the. para samAja meM usakA upadeza nahIM dete the| ve logoM se bahuta kama milate-julate the| "buddha ke pahale yajJa-yAga ko dharma mAnane vAle- brAhmaNa the aura usake bAda yajJa-yAga se Ubakara jaMgaloM meM jAne vAle tapasvI the| buddha ke samaya aise brAhmaNa aura tapasvI na the, aisI bAta nahIM hai| para ina do prakAra ke doSoM ko dekhane vAle

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180 " jaina darzana aura saMskRti tIsare prakAra ke sanyAsI bhI the aura una logoM meM pArzva muni ke ziSyoM ko pahalA sthAna denA caahie| jaina paramparA ke anusAra cAturyAma dharma ke prathama pravartaka bhagavAn ajitanAtha aura antima pravartaka bhagavAn pArzva haiN| dUsare tIrthaMkara se lekara teIsaveM tIrthaMkara taka cAturyAma kA upadeza claa| kevala bhagavAn RSabha aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pA~ca mahAvrata-dharma kA upadeza diyaa| abhyAsa 1. mAnavIya sabhyatA se pUrva yaugalika vyavasthA kA kyA svarUpa thA? 2. kyA RSabha ko mAnavIya sabhyatA kA saMsthApaka kahA jA sakatA hai? kyoM? 3. bharata-bAhubalI yuddha kA apane zabdoM meM varNana kareM / 4. bharata kI anAsakti ko kaise pramANita kiyA gayA? 5. tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi yA pArzva kA pUrNa paricaya dete hue batAyeM ki jaina dharma aitihAsika dRSTi se mahAvIra se bhI prAcIna hai| 1. pArzvanAtha kA cAturyAma dharma-lekhaka dharmAnanda kaushmbii|

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2 bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakI zikSAeM janma aura parivAra duHSama- suSamA nAmaka kAla-khaNDa pUrA hone meM 74 varSa, 11 mahIne, sAr3he sAta dina bAkI the / grISma Rtu thI / caitra zuklA trayodazI ko madhyarAtri kI velA thii| usa samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma huA / yaha IsvI parva 599 kI bAta hai / videha meM kuNDapura nAmaka eka nagara thA / usake do bhAga the / uttara bhAga kA nAma kSatriya kuNDagrAma aura dakSiNa bhAga kA nAma brAhmaNa kuNDagrAmaM / bhagavAn kA janma dakSiNa kuNDagrAma meM huA thA / I bhagavAn kI mAtA trizalA aura pitA siddhArtha the / ve bhagavAn pArzva kI paramparA ke zramaNopAsaka the| vaizAlI gaNatantra ke pramukha mahArAja ceTaka bhagavAn ke mAmA the| bhagavAn ke pitA siddhArtha usa gaNarAjya ke eka sadasya the aura kSatriya kuNDagrAma ke adhipati the / bhagavAn mahAvIra vaizAlI gaNatantra ke vAtAvaraNa meM pale-puse / bhagavAn ke bar3e bhAI kA nAma nandivardhana thA / unakA vivAha ceTaka kI putrI jyeSThA ke sAtha huA thA / bhagavAn ke kAkA kA nAma supArzva aura bar3I bahana kA nAma sudarzanA thA / nAma aura gotra bhagavAn jaba trizalA ke garbha meM Aye, taba se sampadAeM bar3hI, isalie mAtA-pitA ne unakA nAma vardhamAna rakhA / ve jJAta (nAga) nAmaka kSatriya - kula meM utpanna hue, isalie kula ke AdhAra para unakA nAma nAgaputra ( nAyaputta) huA / sAdhanA ke dIrghakAla meM unhoMne aneka kaSToM kA vIra-vRtti se sAmanA kiyA / apane lakSya se kabhI bhI vicalita nahIM hue, isalie unakA nAma mahAvIra huA / yahI nAma sabase adhika pracalita hai / siddhArtha kAzyapa gotrIya the / pitA kA gotra hI putra kA gotra hotA hai / isalie mahAvIra kAzyapa gotrIya kahalAe /

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182 jaina darzana aura saMskRti yauvana aura vivAha __bAla krIr3A ke bAda adhyayana kA samaya aayaa| tIrthaMkara garbhakAla se avadhi-jJAnI (atIndriya-jJAnI) hote haiN| mahAvIra bhI avadhi-jJAnI the| ve par3hane ke lie gye| adhyApaka jo par3hAnA cAhatA thA, vaha unheM jJAta thaa| Akhira adhyApaka ne kahA-Apa svayaM siddha haiN| Apako par3hane kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| yauvana aayaa| mahAvIra kA vivAha huaa| ve sahaja virakta the| vivAha karane kI unakI icchA nahIM thii| para mAtA-pitA ke Agraha se unhoMne vivAha kiyaa| digambara paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra avivAhita hI rhe| zvetAmbara sAhitya ke anusAra unakA vivAha kSatriya kanyA yazodA ke sAtha huaa| unake priyadarzanA nAma kI eka kanyA huii| usakA vivAha jamAli ke sAtha huaa| mahAvIra ke eka zeSavatI (dUsarA nAma yazasvI) nAma kI dauhitrI (dhevatI) thii| mahAbhiniSkramaNa ve jaba aTThAIsa varSa ke hue, taba unake mAtA-pitA kA svargavAsa ho gyaa| unhoMne tatkAla zramaNa bananA cAhA para nandivardhana ke Agraha se vaisA ho na skaa| unhoMne mahAvIra ke ghara meM rahane kA Agraha kiyaa| ve use TAla na ske| do varSa taka phira ghara meM rhe| jaba jIvana unakA ekAMta viraktimaya biitaa| isa samaya unhoMne kaccA jala pInA chor3a diyA, rAtri-bhoja nahIM kiyA aura brahmacArI rhe| tIsa varSa kI avasthA meM unakA abhiniSkramaNa huaa| unhoMne bAraha varSa taka dhyAna-sAdhanA kI tathA zAMta, mauna aura dIrgha tapasvI jIvana bitaayaa| sAdhana aura siddhi sAdhanA ke lie ekAMtavAsa aura mauna--ye Avazyaka haiN| jo pahale apane ko na sAdhe, vaha dUsaroM kA hita nahIM sAdha sktaa| svayaM apUrNa, pUrNatA kA mArga nahIM dikhA sktaa| bhagavAn gRhasthoM se milanA-julanA chor3a dhyAna karate, pUchane para bhI nahIM bolte| kaI AdamI bhagavAn ko mArate-pITate, kintu unheM bhI ve kucha nahIM kahate / bhagavAn vaisI kaThoracaryA meM rama rahe the jo sabake lie sulabha nahIM hai|

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bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakI zikSAeM 183 bhagavAna asahya kaSToM ko sahate / kaThoratama kaSToM kI ve paravAha nahIM karate / vyavahAra dRSTi se unakA jIvana nIrasa thA / ve nRtya aura gItoM se jarA bhI nahIM llcaate| bhagavAn ne vijAtIya tattvoM (pudgala - Asakti) ko na zaraNa dI aura na unakI zaraNa lii| ve nirapekSa bhAva se jIte rahe / bhagavAn zramaNa banane se do varSa pahale hI apekSAoM ko ThukarAne lage / sajIva pAnI pInA chor3a diyA, apanA akelApana dekhane laga gae, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kI jvAlA ko zAMta kara DAlA / samyak darzana kA rUpa nikhara uThA / paudgalika AsthAeM hila gaIM / bhagavAn ne miTTI, pAnI, agni, vAyu, vanaspati aura cara jIvoM kA astitva jAnA / unheM sajIva mAna ve unakI hiMsA se vilaga ho gaye / 1 bhagavAn ne saMsAra ke utpAdana ko DhU~r3ha nikaalaa| usake anusAra upAdhi - parigraha se bandhe hue jIva hI karma-baddha hote haiM / karma hI saMsAra bhramaNa kA hetu hai / ve karmoM ke svarUpa ko jAna unase alaga ho gaye / bhagavAn ne svayaM ahiMsA ko jIvana meM utaaraa| dUsaroM ko unakA mArgadarzana diyA / ahiMsA aura brahmacarya - ye donoM sAdhanA ke AdhArabhUta tattva haiN| ahiMsA avaira-sAdhanA hai / brahmacarya jIvana kI pavitratA hai| avaira bhAva ke binA Atma-sAmya kI anubhUti aura pavitratA ke binA vikAsa kA mArgadarzana nahIM ho sakatA / bhagavAn apane lie banAyA huA bhojana nahIM lete| ve zuddha bhikSA ke dvArA apanA jIvana calAte / AhAra kA viveka karanA ahiMsA aura brahmacarya - ina donoM dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai / jIva - hiMsA kA hetubhUta AhAra jaise sadoSa hotA hai, vaise hI brahmacarya meM bAdhA DAlane vAlA AhAra bhI sadoSa hai / AhAra kI mImAMsA meM ahiMsA - vizuddhi ke bAda brahmacarya kI vizuddhi kI ora dhyAna denA sahaja prApta hotA hai / bhagavAn kaH dRSTi-saMyama anuttara thA / ve calate-calate idhara-udhara nahIM dekhate. pIche nahIM dekhate bulAne para nahIM bolate, sirpha mArga ko dekhate hue calate / bhagavAn prakRti-vijetA the / ve sardI meM naMge badana ghUmate / sardI se Dare binA hAthoM ko phailA kara calate / bhagavAn apratibaddha vihArI the, parivrAjaka the / bhagavAn bAraha varSa aura sAMr3he chaha mAsa taka kaThora caryA kA pAlana karate hue Atma-samAdhi meM lIna rahe / dhyAna karane ke lie samAdhi (Atma - lInatA yA citta svAsthya), yatanA aura jAgarUkatA- - ye sahaja apekSita haiM / bhagavAn ne Atmika vAtAvaraNa ko dhyAna

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184 jaina darzana aura saMskRti anukUla banA liyaa| bAharI vAtAvaraNa para vijaya pAnA vyakti ke sAmarthya kI bAta hai, use badalanA usake sAmarthya se pare bhI ho sakatA hai| Atmika vAtAvaraNa badalA jA sakatA hai / bhagavAn ne isa sAmarthya kA pUrA upayoga kiyaa| bhagavAn ne nIMda para bhI vijaya pA lii| ve dina-rAta kA adhika bhAga khar3e rahakara dhyAna meM bitAte / vizrAma ke lie thor3e samaya leTate, taba bhI nIMda nahIM lete| jaba kabhI nIMda satAne lagatI to bhagavAn phira khar3e hokara dhyAna meM laga jaate| kabhI-kabhI to sardI kI rAtoM meM ghar3iyoM taka bAhara rahakara nIMda TAlane ke lie dhyAnamagna ho jAte / bhagavAn ne pUre sAdhanA kAla meM sirpha eka muhUrta taka nIMda lI zeSa sArA samaya dhyAna aura Atma jAgaraNa meM bItA / bhagavAn titikSA kI parIkSA - bhUmi the / caMDakauzika sA~pa ne unheM kATa khAyA aura bhI sA~pa, nevale Adi sarIsRpa jAta ke jantu unheM satAte / pakSiyoM ne unheM nocA / bhagavAn ko mauna aura zUnyagRha - vAsa ke kAraNa aneka kaSTa jhelane par3e / grAma-rakSaka rAjapuruSa aura duSkarmA vyaktiyoM kA kopabhAjana bananA pdd'aa| unhoMne kucha prasaMgoM para bhagavAn ko satAyA, yAtanA dene kA prayatna kiyaa| bhagavAn abahuvAdI the| ve prAya: mauna rahate / sva-dharma mAnate hue saba kucha saha lete / ve apanI samAdhi (mAnasika saMtulana yA svAsthya) ko bhI nahIM khote / arati (saMyama meM utsAha) aura rati ( asaMyama meM utsAha ) -- donoM sAdhanA ke bAdhaka haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ina donoM ko pacA lete the / ve madhyastha bhAva se tRNa-sparza ko sahate / tinakoM ke Asana para naMge badana baiThate, leTate aura naMge paira calate taba ve cubhate / madhyastha vahI hotA hai, jo arati aura rati kI ora na jhuke / bhagavAn ne zIta- sparza sahA / bhagavAn ne AtapanAeM liiN| sUrya ke sammukha hokara tApa sahA / vastra na pahanane ke kAraNa macchara aura kSudra jantu kATate, ve samabhAva se saba saha lete / bhagavAn ne sAdhanA kI kasauTI cAhI / ve vaise janapadoM meM gae, jahA~ ke loga nigraMtha sAdhuoM se paricita nahIM the / vahA~ bhagavAn ne sthAna aura Asana sambandhI kaSToM ko haMsate-haMsate sahA / vahA~ ke loga rUkSa-bhejI the, isalie unameM krodha kI mAtrA adhika thI / usakA phala bhagavAn ko bhI sahanA pdd'aa| bhagavAn vahA~ ke lie pUrNatayA aparicita the, isalie kutte bhI unheM eka ora se dUsarI ora suvidhApUrvaka nahIM jAne dete| bahuta sAre kutte bhagavAn ko ghera lete / tatra

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bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakI zikSAeM 185 kucheka vyakti aise the, jo unako httaate| bahata se loga aise the, jo kuttoM ko bhagavAn ko kATane ke lie prerita krte| vahA~ jo dUsare zramaNa the ve lAThI rakhate, phira bhI kuttoM ke upadrava se mukta nahIM the| bhagavAn ke pAsa apane bacAva kA koI sAdhana nahIM thA, phira ve zAMtabhAva se vahA~ ghUmate rhe| bhagavAn kA saMyata anuttara thaa| ve svastha dazA meM bhI kama khaate| roga hone para bhI ve auSadha nahIM lete| anna-jala ke binA do dina, pakSa, mAsa, chaha mAsa bitaae| utkaTuka, godohikA Adi Asana kie, dhyAna kiyA, kaSAya ko jItA, Asakti ko jItA, yaha saba nirapekSabhAva se kiyaa| bhagavAn ne moha ko jItA, isalie ve 'jina' khlaae| bhagavAn kI apramatta sAdhanA saphala huii| grISma Rtu kA vaizAkha mahInA thaa| zukla dazamI kA dina thaa| chAyA pUrva kI ora Dhala cukI thii| pichale pahara kA samaya, vijaya muhUrta aura uttarA-phAlgunI kA yoga thaa| usa belA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra jaMbhiyagrAma nagara ke bAhara RjubAlikA nadI ke uttara kinAre zyAmaka gAthApati kI kRSi-bhUmi meM vyAvarta nAmaka caitya ke nikaTa zAlavRkSa ke nIce 'godohikA' Asana meM baiThe hue IzAnakoNa kI ora mu~ha kara sUrya kA Atapa le rahe the| do dina kA nirjala upavAsa thaa| bhagavAn zukla dhyAna meM lIna the| dhyAna kA utkarSa bddh'aa| kSapaka zreNI lii| bhagavAn utkrAMta bana ge| utkrAMti ke kucha hI kSaNoM meM ve Atma-vikAsa kI AThavIM, navIM aura dasavIM bhUmikA ko pAra kara ge| bArahavIM bhUmikA meM pahu~cate hI unake moha kA bandhana bhI pUrNata: TUTa gyaa| ve vItarAga bana ge| terahavIM bhUmikA kA praveza-dvAra khulaa| vahA~ jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya ke bandhana bhI pUrNata: TUTa ge| bhagavAn aba ananta-jJAnI, ananta-darzanI, ananta-Anandamaya aura ananta-vIryavAn bana ge| aba ve sarvaloka ke, sarva jIvoM ke sarvabhAva jAnane-dekhane lge| unakA sAdhanA-kAla samApta ho gyaa| aba ve siddhi-kAla kI maryAdA meM pahu~ca gae, terahaveM varSa ke sAtaveM mahIne meM kevalI bana ge| dharma-tIrtha kA pravartana bhagavAn jaMbhiyagrAma nagara se vihAra kara madhyama pAvApurI pdhaare| vahA~ somila nAmaka brAhmaNa ne eka virAT yajJa kA Ayojana kara rakhA thaa| usa anuSThAna kI pUrti ke lie vahA~ indrabhUti pramukha gyAraha vedavid brAhmaNa Aye hue the| bhagavAn kI jAnakArI pA unameM pAMDitya kA bhAva jaagaa| indrabhUti utthe| bhagavAn ko parAjita karane ke lie ve apanI ziSya-sampadA ke sAtha bhagavAn ke

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186 jaina darzana aura saMskRti samavasaraNa meM aae| unheM jIva ke bAre meM sandeha thaa| bhagavAn ne unake gUr3ha prazna ko svayaM sAmane lA rkhaa| indrabhUti sahama ge| unheM sarvathA pracchanna apane vicAra ke prakAzana para acaraja huaa| unakI antara-AtmA bhagavAn ke caraNoM meM jhuka gii| bhagavAn ne unakA sandeha-nivartana kiyaa| ve uThe, namaskAra kiyA aura zraddhApUrvaka bhagavAn ke ziSya bana ge| bhagavAn ne unheM chaha jIva-nikAya, pA~ca mahAvata aura paccIsa bhAvanAoM kA upadeza diyaa| indrabhUti gautamagotrI the| jaina-sAhitya meM inakA suvizruta nAma gautama hai| bhagavAn ke sAtha inake saMvAda aura praznottara isI nAma se upalabadha hote haiN| ye bhagavAn ke pahale gaNadhara aura jyeSTha ziSya bne| indrabhUti kI ghaTanA suna dUsare paNDitoM kA krama bandha gyaa| eka-eka kara ve saba Ae aura bhagavAn ke ziSya bana ge| una sabake eka-eka saMdeha thA 1. indrabhUti-jIva hai yA nahIM? 2. agnibhUti-karma hai yA nahIM? 3. vAyubhUti-zarIra Adi jIva eka hai yA bhinna? 4. vyakta-pRthvI Adi bhUta haiM yA nahIM? 5. sudharmA--yahA~ jo jaisA hai vaha paraloka meM bhI vaisA hotA hai yA nahIM? 6. maMDitaputra--bandha-mokSa hai yA nahIM? 7. mauryaputra--deva haiM yA nahIM? 8. akampita-naraka hai yA nahIM? 9. acalabhrAtA-puNya hI mAtrA-bheda se sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa banatA hai yA pApa usase pRthaka hai? 10. metArya-AtmA hone para bhI paraloka hai yA nahIM? 11. prabhAsa-mokSa hai yA nahIM? bhagavAn unake pracchanna saMdehoM ko prakAza meM lAte gae aura ve unakA samAdhAna pA apane ko samarpita karate ge| isa prakAra pahale pravacana meM hI bhagavAn kI ziSya-sampadA samRddha ho gaI-4400 ziSya bana ge| bhagavAn ne indrabhUti Adi gyAraha vidvAna ziSyoM ko gaNadhara pada para niyukta kiyA aura aba bhagavAn mahAvIra kA tIrtha vistAra pAne lgaa| striyoM ne pravrajyA lii| sAdhvI-saMgha kA netRtva candanabAlA ko sauNpaa| Age calakara 14 hajAra sAdhu aura 36 hajAra sAdhviyA~ huiiN| . striyoM ko sAdhvI hone kA adhikAra denA bhagavAn mahAvIra kA viziSTa manobala thaa| isa samaya dUsare dharma ke AcArya aisA karane meM hicakate the| puruSoM

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bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakI zikSAeM 187 ko jitane AdhyAtmika adhikAra milate haiM, utane hI striyoM ko bhI adhikAra ho sakate haiN| ina AdhyAtmika adhikAroM meM mahAvIra ne koI bheda-buddhi nahIM rakhI, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa unake ziSyoM meM jitane zramaNa the, unase jyAdA zramaNiyA~ thiiN| vaha prathA Aja taka jaina dharma meM calI AyI hai| bhagavAn ne gRhasthoM ko dharma kA upadeza diyaa| use svIkAra karane vAle puruSa aura striyA~, upAsaka aura upAsikAeM yA zrAvaka aura zrAvikAeM khlaae| bhagavAn ke Ananda Adi dasa pramukha zrAvaka the| ye bAraha-vratI the| inakI jIvanacaryA kA varNana karane vAlA eka aMga-grantha 'upAsakadazA' hai| jayantI Adi zrAvikAeM thIM, jinake praur3ha tattva-jJAna kI sUcanA bhagavatI sUtra se milatI hai| dharma-ArAdhanA ke lie bhagavAn kA tIrtha sacamuca tIrtha bana gyaa| bhagavAn ne tIrtha-catuSTaya (sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka zrAvikA) kI sthApanA kI, isalie ve tIrthaMkara khlaae| saMgha-vyavasthA sabhI tIrthaMkaroM kI bhASA meM dharma kA maulika rUpa eka rahA hai| dharma kA sAdhya mukti hai, usakA sAdhana dvirUpa nahIM ho sktaa| usameM mAtrA-bheda ho sakatA hai, kintu svarUpa-bheda nahIM ho sktaa| jaina manISiyoM kA cintana sAdhanA ke pakSa meM jitanA vaiyaktika hai, utanA hI sAdhanA-saMsthAna ke pakSa meM sAmudAyika hai| jaina tIrthaMkaroM ne dharma ko eka ora vaiyaktika kahA, dUsarI ora tIrtha kA pravartana kiyA-zramaNa-zramaNI aura zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke saMgha kI sthApanA kii| bhagavAn ne zramaNa-saMgha kI bahuta hI sudRr3ha vyavasthA kii| anuzAsana kI dRSTi se bhagavAn kA saMgha sarvopari thaa| pA~ca mahAvrata aura aNuvrata-ye mUlaguNa the| inake atirikta uttara guNoM kI vyavasthA kii| vinaya, anuzAsana aura Atma-vijaya para adhika bala diyaa| vyavasthA kI dRSTi se zramaNa-saMgha ko gyAraha yA nau bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gyaa| pahale sAta gaNadhara sAta guNoM ke aura ..AThaveM-nauveM tathA dasaveM-gyArahaveM kramaza: AThaveM aura nauveM gaNa ke pramukha the| muni kI dinacaryA __ apara rAtri meM uThakara AtmAlocana va dharma-jAgarikA karanA--yaha caryA kA pahalA aMga hai| svAdhyAya, dhyAna Adi ke pazcAt Avazyaka karma karanA / Avazyaka avazya karaNIya karma chaha haiM : 1. sAmAyika-samabhAva kA abhyAsa, usakI pratijJA kA punarAvartana / 2. caturvizatistava-caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti /

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188 jaina darzana aura saMskRti 3. vandanA AcArya ko dvaadshaavrt-vndnaa| 4. pratikramaNa-vRta doSoM kI aalocnaa| 5. kAyotsarga-kAyA kA sthirIkaraNa / 6. pratyAkhyAna-tyAga krnaa| isase nivRtta hokara sUryodaya hote-hote muni bhaNDa-upakaraNoM kA pratilekhana kare, unheM dekhe| usake pazcAt hAtha jor3akara guru se pUche--maiM kyA karU~? Apa mujhe AjJA deM-maiM kisI kI sevA meM lagU yA svAdhyAya meM? yaha pUchane para AcArya sevA meM lagAe to glAni-rahita bhAva se sevA kare aura yadi svAdhyAya meM lagAe to svAdhyAya kre| dinacaryA ke pramukha aMga haiM--svAdhyAya aura dhyaan| kahA hai : svAdhyAyAd dhyAnamadhyAstAM dhyAnAt svAdhyAyAmAmanet / dhyAna-svAdhyAya-saMpattyA paramAtmA prkaashe|| -svAdhyAya ke pazcAt dhyAna kare aura dhyAna ke pazcAt svaadhyaay| isa prakAra dhyAna aura svAdhyAya ke krama se paramAtmA prakAzita ho jAtA hai| zrAvaka dharma kI ArAdhanA meM jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyA~ saMgha ke aMga haiM, vaise zrAvaka-zrAvikAeM bhI haiN| ye cAroM milakara hI caturvidha saMgha ko pUrNa banAte haiN| bhagavAn ne zrAvika-zrAvikAoM ko sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke mAtA-pitA tulya kahA hai| zrAvaka kI dhArmikacaryA yaha hai: 1. sAmAyika ke aMgoM kA anupAlana krnaa| 2. donoM pakSoM meM pauSadhopavAsa karanA / Avazyaka karma jaise sAdhu-saMgha ke lie haiM, vaise hI zrAvaka saMgha ke lie bhI haiN| zrAvaka ke guNa aNuvratoM kA pAlana karane vAlA zraddhA-sampanna vyakti kahalAtA hai| usake mukhya guNa ye haiM 1. grahaNa kiye hue vratoM kA samyak pAlana krnaa| 2. jahA~ bahuzruta sAdhArmika loga hoM, usa sthAna meM AnA-jAnA / 3. binA prayojana dUsaroM ke ghara na jaanaa| 4. camakIlA-bhar3akIlA vastra na phnnaa| sadA sAdagImaya jIvana bitAnA /

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189 bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakI zikSAeM 5. juA Adi kuvyasanoM kA tyAga krnaa| 6. mIThI vANI se kAma calAnA / kaThora vacana nahIM khnaa| 7. tapa, niyama, vandanA Adi dhArmika anuSThAnoM meM sadA tatpara rahanA / 8. vinamra rhnaa| kabhI durAgraha nahIM krnaa| 9. jinavANI ke prati aTUTa zraddhAvAna rhnaa| 10. Rju vyavahAra krnaa| mana kI RjutA, vacana kI RjutA aura zarIra kI RjutA rkhnaa| 11. guru-vacana ko sunane ke lie tatpara rhnaa| 12. pravacana yA zAstroM kI pravINatA prApta krnaa| ziSTAcAra _ ziSTAcAra ke prati jaina AcArya bar3I sUkSmatA se dhyAna dete. haiN| ve AzAtanA (ziSTAcAra kA pAlana na karanA) ko sarvathA parihArya mAnate haiN| kisI ke prati anucita vyavahAra karanA hiMsA hai| AzAtanA hiMsA hai| abhimAna bhI hiMsA zrAvaka vyavahAra-dRSTi se dUsare zrAvakoM ko bhI namaskAra karate haiN| dharma-dRSTi se unake lie vaMdanIya muni hote haiN| yaha AdhyAtmika aura tyAga-pradhAna saMskRti kA eka saMkSipta rUpa hai| isakA sAmAjika jIvana para bhI pratibimba par3A hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakAlIna dharma-sampradAya bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yuga dhArmika matavAdoM aura karmakANDoM se saMkula thaa| bauddha sAhitya ke anusAra usa samaya tiresaTha zramaNa-sampradAya vidyamAna the| jaina sAhitya meM tIna sau tiraseMTha dharma-matavAdoM kA ullekha milatA hai| saMkSepa meM sAre sampradAya cAra vargoM meM samAte the 1. kriyAvAda-AtmA, punarjanma aura karmavAda meM vizvAsa rakhane vaalaa| 2. akriyAvAda-AtmA, punarjanma aura karmavAda meM vizvAsa na rakhane vaalaa| 3. vinayavAda-ahaM-visarjana/samarpaNa ko sarvopari mUlya dene vaalaa| 4. ajJAnavAda-jJAna ko duHkha kA mUla mAnane vaalaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne cAroM vAdoM kI samIkSA kara kriyAvAda kA siddhAnta svIkAra kiyaa| unakA svIkAra ekAMgI dRSTi se nahIM thA, isalie unake darzana ko sApekSa-kriyAvAda kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai|

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti kucha vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki yajJa, jAtivAda Adi brAhmaNa - siddhAntoM kA virodha karane ke lie mahAvIra ne jaina dharma kA pravartana kiyA / kintu yaha satya nahIM hai| mahAvIra jisa zramaNa - paramparA meM dIkSita hue vaha bahuta prAcIna hai / usakA astitva vedoM kI racanA se pUrvavartI hai / vedoM meM sthAna-sthAna para zramaNa- paramparA kI vicAradhArA kA ullekha milatA hai / -3 190 bhagavAn mahAvIra kA parivAra teIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn pArzva ke dharma kA anugAmI thA / ina sAkSyoM se yaha pratidhvanita nahIM hotA ki mahAvIra ne brAhmaNa siddhAntoM kA virodha karane ke lie jaina dharma kA pravartana kiyA / ahiMsA aura mukti -- ye zramaNa-saMskRti ke AdhAra stambha haiM / mahAvIra ne svayaM dvArA vyAkhyAta ahiMsA kI prAcIna tIrthaMkaroM dvArA vyAkhyAta ahiMsA ke sAtha ekatA pratipAdita kI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra jaina dharma ke pravartaka nahIM, kintu unnAyaka the / unhoMne prAcIna paramparAoM ko Age bar3hAyA, apane samasAmayika vicAroM kI parIkSA kI aura unake Aloka meM apane abhimata janatA ko samajhAe / unake vicAroM kA AlocanApUrvaka vivecana sUtrakRtAMga meM milatA hai / w zramaNa paramparA prAgavaidika hai aura bhAratIya jIvana meM AdikAla se parivyApta hai / zramaNoM kI aneka dhArAeM rahI haiM / unameM sabase prAcIna dhArA bhagavAn RSabha kI aura sabase arvAcIna bhagavAn buddha kI hai aura saba madhyavartI haiM / vaidika aura paurANika donoM sAhitya - vidhAoM meM bhagavAn RSabha zramaNa dharma ke pravartaka ke rUpa meM ullikhita hue haiM / bhagavAn RSabha kA dharma vibhinna yugoM meM vibhinna nAmoM se abhihita hotA rahA / Adi meM usakA nAma zramaNa-dharma thA / phira arhat dharma huA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke yuga meM use nirgrantha dharma kahA jAtA thA / bauddha sAhitya meM bhagavAn kA ullekha 'niggaMtha nAtaputte' ke nAma se huaa| unake nirvANa kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM vaha 'jaina dharma' ke nAma se prasiddha huA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke astitva-kAla meM zramaNoM ke cAlIsa se adhika sampradAya the| unameM pA~ca bahuta prabhAvazAlI the : 1. nirgratha - mahAvIra kA zAsana / 2. zAkya - buddha kA zAsana / 3. AjIvaka maMkkhalI gozAlaka kA zAsana / 4. gairika--- tApasa zAsana / 5. parivrAjaka--sAMkhya zAsana | bauddha-sAhitya meM chaha zramaNa-sampradAyoM, unake AcAryoM tathA siddhAntoM kA ullekha milatA hai jisameM eka the-- niggaMtha nAtaputra ( bhagavAn mahAvIra) /

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bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakI zikSAeM 191 mahAvIra siddhAnta mahAvIra kA pahalA siddhAnta thaa-smaantaa| Atmika samAnatA kI anubhUti ke binA ahiMsA viphala ho jAtI hai| gaNarAjya kI viphalatA kA mUla hetu hai-vissmtaa| mahAvIra kA dUsarA siddhAnta thA--Atma-nirNaya kA adhikAra / hamAre bhAgya kA nirNaya kisI dUsarI sattA ke hAtha meM ho, vaha hamArI sArvabhauma sattA ke pratikUla hai-yaha unhoMne btaayaa| unhoMne kahA- "du:kha aura sukha donoM tumhArI hI sRSTi hai| tumhI apane mitra ho aura tumhIM apane zatru / yaha nirNaya tumhIM ko karanA hai, tuma kyA honA cAhate ho?" janataMtra ke lie yaha bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta hai| jahA~ vyakti ko Atma-nirNaya kA adhikAra nahIM hotA, vahA~ usakA kartRvya kuMThita ho jAtA hai| nava-nirmANa ke lie puruSArtha aura puruSArtha ke lie Atma-nirNaya kA adhikAra Avazyaka hai| mahAvIra kA tIsarA siddhAnta thA--AtmAnuzAsana / unhoMne kahA-"dUsaroM para hukUmata mata kro| hukUmata karo apane zarIra para, apanI vANI para aura mana pr| AtmA para zAsana karo, saMyama ke dvArA, tapasyA ke dvaaraa| yaha acchA nahIM hogA ki koI vyakti badha aura baMdhana ke dvArA tumhAre para zAsana kare / " janatantra kI saphalatA AtmAnuzAsana para nirbhara hai| bAharI niyantraNa jitanA adhika hotA hai, utanA hI janatantra nisteja hotA hai| usakI tejasvitA isa bAta para nirbhara hai ki dezavAsI loga adhika se adhika AtmAnuzAsita hoN| __mahAvIra kA cauthA siddhAnta thA-sApekSatA / usakA artha hai-sabako samAna avsr| bilaunA karate samaya eka hAtha pIche jAtA hai aura dUsarA Age AtA hai, phira Age vAlA pIche aura pIche vAlA Age jAtA hai| isa krama se navanIta nikalatA hai| calate samaya eka paira Age bar3hatA hai, dUsarA piiche| phira Age vAlA pIche aura pIche vAlA Age A jAtA hai| isa krama meM gati hotI hai| AdamI Age bar3hatA hai| yaha sApatA hI myAdavAda kA rahasya hai| isI ke dvArA satya kA jJAna aura usakA nirUpaNa hotA hai| yaha siddhAnta janataMtra kI rIr3ha hai| kucheka vyakti sattA. adhikArI aura pada se cipakakara baiTha jAeM . dUsaroM ko avasara na deM, to asaMtoSa kI jvAlA bhabhaka uThatI hai| yaha sApekSa nIti guTabandI ko kama karane meM kAphI kAma kara sakatI hai| nItiyA~ bhinna hone para bhI yadi sApekSatA ho, to avAMchanIya alagAva nahIM hotaa|

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192 jaina darzana aura saMskRti mahAvIra ne jo kiyA, vaha mukti ke lie kiyaa| unhoMne jo kahA, vaha mukti ke lie khaa| janatantra bhI vyAvahArika mukti kA prayoga hai, isalie mahAvIra kI karanI aura kathanI donoM meM pathadarzana kI kSamatA hai| manuSya kI IzvarIya sattA kA saMgAna bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma usa yuga meM huA, jisameM manuSya bhAgya ke jhUle meM jhUla rahA thaa| bhAgya IzvarIya sattA kA pratinidhi tattva hai| jaba manuSya IzvarIya sattA kA yaMtra banakara jItA hai, taba usake jIvana-ratha kA sArathI bhAgya hI hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra bhAgyavAdI nahIM the, isakA sahaja phalita yaha hai ve cAlU artha meM IzvaravAdI nahIM the| ve gaNatantra ke saMskAroM meM pale-puse the| ve kisI bhI mahAsattA ko apanI sampUrNa svatantratA sauMpa dene ke pakSa meM nahIM the| unakI ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA meM adhinAyakavAdI manovRtti ke lie koI avakAza nahIM thaa| bhagavAn ne kahA--"dUsaroM para zAsana karanA hiMsA hai, isalie kisI kI svatantratA kA apaharaNa mata kro|" jahA~ svatantratA kA apaharaNa ho vahA~ IzvarIya tattva nahIM ho sktaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra AtmavAdI the| ve Izvara ke astitva kA pratipAdana karate the, kintu manuSya se bhinna usakI sattA svIkAra nahIM karate the| manuSya Izvara kI sRSTi hai, Izvara usakA sarjaka hai, yaha kRti aura kartA kA siddhAnta unheM svIkArya nahIM thaa| unakI sthApanA meM AtmA kI tIna kakSAeM haiM : 1. bahir-AtmA--yaha pahalI kakSA hai| isameM deha hI saba kucha hotI hai| usameM virAjamAna cinmaya AtmA kA astitva jJAta nahIM hotaa| 2. antar-AtmA--yaha dUsarI kakSA hai| isa kakSA meM satya udghATita ho jAtA hai ki jaise dUdha meM navanIta vyApta hotA hai, vaise hI deha meM cinmaya sattA vyApta hai| 3. parama-AtmA-yaha tIsarI kakSA hai| isameM cinmaya sattA para AI huI deha-rUpI bhasma dUra hone laga jAtI hai| AtmA paramAtmA ke rUpa meM prakaTa ho jAtI AtmA aura paramAtmA mAnavIya puruSArtha kI prakriyA se viyukta nahIM hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke darzana meM paramAtmA asvIkAra nahIM hai, usakI vizva-sRjanasattA kA asvIkAra hai| .. bhagavAn mahAvIra ne IzvaropAsanA ke sthAna meM zramaNopAsanA kA pravartana kiyaa| Izvara parokSu zakti hai aura vaha agamya hai| usake prati jitanA AkarSaNa

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bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakI zikSAeM 193 ho sakatA hai, utanA jIvita manuSya aura gamya vyaktitva ke prati nahIM ho sktaa| bhagavAn ne munaSya ko Izvara ke sthAna para pratiSThita kiyA aura yaha udghoSa kiyA ki Izvara koI kalpanAtIta sattA nahIM hai, vaha manuSya kA hI carama vikAsa hai| jo manuSya vikAsa kI ucca kakSA taka pahu~ca jAtA hai, vaha paramAtmA yA Izvara hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne parama-AtmA kI pA~ca kakSAeM nirdhArita kii| 1. arhat-dharma-tIrtha ke pravartaka / 2. siddha-mukta aatmaa| 3. AcArya-dharma-tIrtha ke sNcaalk| 4. upAdhyAya--dharma-jJAna ke sNvaahk| 5. sAdhu-dharma ke saadhk| inameM cAra kakSAoM ke adhikArI manuSya haiM aura eka kakSA ke adhikArI mukta AtmAeM haiN| inameM pahalA sthAna manuSya kA hai, dUsarA sthAna mukta AtmA kA hai| mukta AtmA manuSya-muvitta kA hetu nahIM hai| usakI mukti ke hetu arhat haiM isalie namaskAra mahAmantra meM prathama sthAna unako milaa| jaina dharma-darzana vyakti-pUjA ko mAnyatA nahIM detaa| vaha guNa kA pujArI hai| vaha pratyeka vyakti kI arhatAoM-yogyatAoM ko mAnya kara usakI pUjA karatA hai| isakA pratyakSa sAkSya hai-namaskAra mahAmaMtra aura catuHzaraNa sUtra / inameM kisI vyakti-vizeSa kA nAmollekha nahIM hai| namaskAra mahAmantra namaskAra mahAmantra mantra-zRMkhalA kA viziSTa mantra hI nahIM, mahAmantra hai aura yaha samasta jaina paramparA dvArA eka rUpa se mAnya hai| isameM pA~ca pada aura paiMtIsa akSara haiN| Namo arahatANaM-maiM arhat (dharma-tIrtha ke pravartaka) ko namaskAra karatA huuN| Namo siddhANaM-maiM siddha (muktAtmA) ko namaskAra karatA huuN| Namo AyariyANaM-maiM AcArya (dharma-tIrtha ke saMcAlaka) ko namasvAra karatA huuN| Namo uvajjhAyANaM-maiM upAdhyAya (zrutajJAna ke saMvAhaka) ko namaskAra karatA huuN| Namo loe savvasAhUNaM-maiM loka ke samasta sAdhuoM ko namaskAra karatA huuN| . - Inco E-cbe

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194 .. jaina darzana aura saMskRti catuHzaraNa sUtra arahaMte saraNaM pavajjAmi--maiM arhat kI zaraNa svIkAra karatA huuN| siddhe saraNaM pavajjAmi--maiM siddha kI zaraNa svIkAra karatA huuN|| sAhU saraNaM pavajjAmi--maiM sAdhu kI zaraNa svIkAra karatA huuN| kevalipannattaM dhamma saraNaM pavajjAmi-maiM kevalI-prajJapta dharma kI zaraNa svIkAra karatA huuN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne zramaNoM ko upAsanA ke sAtha koI karma-kAMDa nahIM jodd'aa| unakI bhASA meM upAsanA kA artha hai-pAsa baitthnaa| mahAvIra ke anuyAyI zramaNoM ke pAsa jAte aura unase dharma kA jJAna prApta karate / bhagavAn ne zramaNopAsanA ko bahuta mahattva diyaa| unhoMne kahA-"zramaNa kI upAsanA karane vAlA sunatA hai, jAnatA hai, heya aura upAdeya kA viveka karatA hai, naye graMthipAta se bacatA hai, purAnI granthiyoM kA mokSa karatA hai aura mukta ho jAtA hai|" / bhagavAn mahAvIra mAnavIya samasyA kA mUla aura usakA samAdhAna manuSya meM hI khojate the| mahAvIra kA yuga devavAda kA yuga thaa| kucha dArzanika devoM ko bahuta mahattva dete the| para mahAvIra ne mAnavIya cetanA ko divya cetanA se kabhI abhibhUta nahIM hone diyaa| unakA dhruva siddhAnta thA ki manuSya saMyama kara sakatA hai, deva nahIM kara sktaa| indra ne apane vaibhava kA pradarzana kara dazArNabhadra rAjA ko parAjita karanA cAhA, taba bhagavAn ne kahA--'dazArNabhadra! tuma manuSya ho| apanI zakti ko jAnane vAlA manuSya devagaNa se parAjita nahIM hotaa|' dazArNabhadra rAjya ko tyAgakara muni bana ge| indra tyAga ke sAtha spardhA nahIM kara skaa| usakA sira rAjarSi ke sAmane jhuka gyaa| - mahAvIra jaba dIkSita hue, taba unakI zivikA ko uThAne meM sabase Age manuSya the, deva nhiiN| yaha agragAmitA kA adhikAra manuSyoM ko isalie prApta thA ki mahAvIra manuSya the| mahAvIra ne apanA sArA jIvana isa vyAkhyA meM bitAyA ki IzvarIya sRSTi kA sarjaka manuSya hai. para mAnavIya sRSTi kA sarjaka Izvara nahIM hai| dharma kI vyApaka dhAraNA mahAvIra kI dharma kI dhAraNa bahuta hI vyApaka thii| usakA kAraNa unakI AsthA kA ahiMsaka paramparA meM vikasita honA hai| vaidika paramparA meM dharma kI svIkRti eka viziSTa varga ke lie thii| unake sAmane mahAvIra ne zramaNa-paramparA ke zAzvata svara ko bahuta prabhAvI paddhati se uccArita kiyaa|

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bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakI zikSAeM 195 bhagavAn ne saba manuSyoM ko ahiMsA ke AcaraNa kI preraNA dii| unhoMne kahA-- 1. dharma kI ArAdhanA meM strI-puruSa kA bheda nahIM ho sakatA / phalasvarUpa zramaNa, zramaNI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA - ye cAra tIrtha sthApita hue / 2. dharma kI ArAdhanA meM jAti-pAMti kA bheda nahIM ho sakatA / phalasvarUpa sabhI jAtiyoM ke loga unake saMgha me pravrajita hue / 3. dharma kI ArAdhanA meM kSetra kA bheda nahIM ho sktaa| vaha gA~va meM bhI kI jA sakatI hai aura araNya meM bhI kI jA sakatI hai / phalasvarUpa unake sAdhu araNyavAsI kama saMkhyA meM the / 4. dharma kI ArAdhanA meM veza kA bheda nahIM ho sakatA / usakA adhikAra zramaNa ko bhI hai, gRhastha ko bhI hai / bhagavAn ne apane zramaNoM se kahA - "dharma kA upadeza jaise puNyavAn ko do, vaise hI tuccha ko do / jaise tuccha ko do, vaise hI puNyavAn ko do / " isa vyApaka dRSTikoNa kA mUla asAmpradAyikatA aura jAtIya kA abhAva hai I mahAvIra tIrtha ke pravartaka the / tIrtha eka sampradAya hai / kintu unhoMne dharma ko sampradAya ke sAtha bAMdhA nhiiN| unakI dRSTi meM jaina sampradAya kI apekSA jainatva pradhAna thaa| jainatva kA artha hai - samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak caritra kI aaraadhnaa| inakI ArAdhanA karane vAlA anya sampradAya ke veza meM bhI mukta ho jAtA hai, gRhastha ke veza meM bhI mukta ho jAtA hai| sahaja hI prazna hotA hai-- jaina- saMskRti kA svarUpa itanA vyApaka aura udAra thA, taba vaha loka-saMgraha karane meM adhika saphala kyoM nahIM huI? isake uttara meM pA~ca kAraNa prastuta hote haiM-- 1. jaina darzana kI sUkSma siddhAntavAditA / 2. tapomArga kI kaThoratA / 3. ahiMsA kI sUkSmatA / 4. sAmAjika bandhana kA abhAva | 5. jaina sAdhu- saMgha kA pracAra ke prati udAsIna manobhAva / ye sAre tattva loka saMgrAhAtmaka pakSa ko azakta karate rahe haiM / tapa aura dhyAna kA samanvaya bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yuga dharma ke prayogoM kA yuga thA / usa samaya hajAroM vaidika sanyAsI dharma ke vividha prayogoM meM saMlagna / kacha bhramaNa aura saMnyAsI

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti 196 kaThora tapasyA kara rahe the / kucha zramaNa aura saMnyAsI dhyAna kI utkRSTa ArAdhanA meM lIna the| AtmAnubhUti ke vibhinna mArgoM kI khoja cala rahI thI / bhagavAn buddha chaha varSa taka kaThora tapazcaryA karate rhe| usase zAMti nahIM milI taba unhoMne dhyAna mArga apanAyA / usase unheM bodhi - lAbha huA / unhoMne madhyama pratipadA kA pratipAdana kiyA, yaha svAbhAvika hI thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dRSTi hara kSetra meM samanvaya kI thI / unhoMne jIvana ke hara kSetra meM sApekSatA kA prayoga kiyA thA / unhoMne apanI sAdhanA meM tapazcaryA kA pUrNa bahiSkAra bhI nahIM kiyA aura dhyAna ko AtmAnubhUti kA ekamAtra sAdhana bhI nahIM maanaa| unhoMne tapazcaryA aura dhyAna donoM ko mAnyatA dI / kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sAdhanA-paddhati bahuta kaThora hai / yaha sarvathA nirAdhAra nahIM hai / unakI sAdhanA-paddhati meM kaThora-caryA ke aMza avazya haiM, kintu ve anivArya nahIM haiM / sabakI zakti aura ruci samAna nahIM hotI / kucha logoM meM tapasyA kI ruci aura kSamatA hotI hai, kintu dhyAna kI ruci aura kSamatA nahIM hotI / kucha logoM meM dhyAna kI ruci aura kSamatA hotI hai / kintu tapasyA kI ruci aura kSamatA nahIM hotI / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI sAdhanA-paddhati meM donoM koTi kI ruci aura kSamatA kA samAveza kiyA / dhyAna kI kakSA tapasyA kI kakSA se UMcI hai / phira bhI tapasyA sAdhanA ke kSetra meM sarvathA mUlyahIna nahIM hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sAdhanA-paddhati kA vaha mahattvapUrNa aMga hai / unakI tapa kI paribhASA meM dhyAna bhI sammilita hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ajJAnamaya tapa kA prabala virodha kiyA aura jJAnamaya tapa kA smrthn| ahiMsA - pAlana meM bAdhA na Ae, utanA tapa saba sAdhakoM ke lie Avazyaka hai| vizeSa tapa unhIM ke lie hai, jinakA daihika bala yA virAga tIvra ho / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dhArmika jIvana kI aneka kathAeM pratipAdita kIM / gRhavAsI ke lie cAra kakSAeM haiM 1. sulabha bodhi--- yaha prathama kakSA hai / isameM na dharma kA jJAna hotA hai aura na abhyAsa hI / kevala usake prati ajJAta anurAga hotA hai / sulabha bodhi vyakti nikaTa bhaviSya meM dharmAcaraNa kI yogyatA pA sakatA hai / 2. samyag - dRSTi -- yaha dUsarI kakSA hai / isameM dharma kA abhyAsa nahIM hotA kintu usakA jJAna hotA hai / 3. aNuvratI - yaha tIsarI kakSA hai| isameM dharma kA jJAna aura abhyAsa donoM hote haiM 1

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bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakI zikSAeM / 197 4. pratimAdhara--yaha cauthI kakSA hai| isameM dharma kA vizeSa abhyAsa hotA hai| muni ke lie nimna do kakSAeM haiM 1. saMghavAsI muni--yaha pahalI kakSA hai| isameM ahiMsAcaraNa kI pradhAnatA hai, tapasyA kI pradhAnatA nahIM hai| 2. ekalavihArI muni-yaha dUsarI kakSA hai| isameM ahiMsAcaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha tapasyA bhI pradhAna hotI hai| ina kakSAoM meM muni ke lie dUsarI (ekala vihArI) kakSA aura gRhavAsI ke lie cauthI (pratimAdhara) kakSA meM kucha kaThora sAdhanA kA abhyAsa hotA hai, zeSa kakSAoM kI sAdhanA kA mArga Rja hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sAdhanA-paddhati meM mRdu, madhya aura adhika tInoM mAtrAoM kA samanvaya hai| manuSya bhI manda, madhya aura prAjJa-tIna koTi ke hote haiN| ina tInoM koTiyoM ko eka koTi meM rakhakara dharma kI vyAkhyA karane kI apekSA vibhinna koTi ke logoM ke lie vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se dharma kI vyAkhyA karanA adhika manovaijJAnika hai| saMpradAyavihIna dharma eka vyakti ne AcArya zrI tulasI se pUchA-kyA bhagavAn mahAvIra jaina the? AcAryazrI ne kahA--nahIM ve jaina nahIM the| ve jina the, unako mAnane vAle jaina hote haiN| ve jaina na hokara bhI, dUsare zabdoM meM ajaina hokara bhI, mahAn dhArmika the| isakA phalita spaSTa hai ki koI vyakti jaina hokara hI dhArmika ho sakatA hai aisA anubandha nahIM hai| jaina, vaiSNava, zaiva, bauddha-ye saba nAma dharma kI paramparA ke sUcaka haiN| inakI dharma ke sAtha vyApti nahIM hai| isI satya kI svIkRti kA nAma asAmpradAyika dRSTi hai| sAmpradAyikatA eka unmAda hai| usake AkramaNa kA jJAna tIna lakSaNoM se hotA hai--1. sampradAya aura mukti kA anubandha-mere sampradAya meM Ao, tumhArI mukti hogI anyathA nahIM hogii| 2. prazaMsA aura nindA-apane sampradAya kI prazaMsA aura dUsare sampradAyoM kI niNdaa| 3. aikAntika Agraha-dUsaroM ke dRHikoNa ko samajhane kA prayatna na krnaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ahiMsA kI gaharAI meM pahuMca cuke the| isalie una para sAmpradAyika unmAda AkramaNa nahIM kara skaa| ise ulaTakara bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra para sAmpradAyika unmAda kA AkramaNa nahIM huA, isalie ve ahiMsA kI gaharAI meM jA ske| Atmaupamya (sabhI jIvoM ko apanI AtmA ke

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198 jaina darzana aura saMskRti samAna samajhanA) kI dRSTi ko vikasita kie binA jo dharma ke maMca para AtA hai, usake sAmane dharma gauNa aura sampradAya mukhya hotA hai| Atmaupamya kI dRSTi ko vikasita kara dharma ke maMca para Ane vAle vyakti ke sAmane dharma mukhya aura sampradAya gauNa hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sampradAya ko mAnyatA dI, para mukhyatA nahIM dii| jo loga sampradAya ko mukhyatA de rahe the, unake dRSTikoNa ko mahAvIra ne sArahIna btaayaa| jo dharma-netA apane utthAna meM Ane vAle ke lie hI mukti kA dvAra kholate haiM aura dUsaroM ke lie use banda rakhate haiM, ve mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM ahiMsaka nahIM haiN| ve apanI hI kalpanA ke tAne-bAne meM ulajhe hue haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mokSa kA anubandha kisI sampradAya ke sAtha nahIM mAnA, kintu dharma ke sAtha maanaa| bhagavAn 'azrutvA kevalI' ke siddhAnta kI sthApanA kara asAmpradAyika dRSTi ko carama bindu taka le ge| 'azrutvA kevalI' usa vyakti kA nAma hai jisane kabhI dharma nahIM sunA, kintu apanI naisargika nirmalatA ke kAraNa kevalI kI kakSA taka pahuMca gyaa| 'azrutvA kevalI' ke sAtha kisI bhI sampradAya, paramparA yA dharmArAdhanA kI paddhati kA sambandha nahIM hotaa| usa sampradAya-mukta vyakti ko mokSa kA adhikArI mAnakara mahAvIra ne dharma kI asAmpradAyika sattA ko mAnyatA dii| mahAvIra ne eka siddhAnta kI sthApanA aura kii| usake anusAra kisI bhI sampradAya meM pravajita vyakti mukta ho sakatA hai| isa sthApanA meM sampradAya ke bIca vyavadhAna DAlane vAlI khAiyoM ko pATane kA prayatna hai| koI bhI sampradAya kisI vyakti ko mukti kA AzvAsana de sakatA hai, yadi vaha vyakti dharma anuprANita ho| koI bhI sampradAya kisI vyakti ko mukti kA AzvAsana nahIM de sakatA, yadi vaha vyakti dharma se anuprANita na ho| mokSa ko sampradAya kI sImA se mukta kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dharma kI asAmpradAyika sattA ke siddhAnta para doharI mohara lagA dii| bhagavAn mahAvIra munitva ke mahAn pravartaka the| ve mokSa kI sAdhanA ke lie muni-jIvana bitAne ko bahuta Avazyaka mAnate the| phira bhI unakI pratibaddhatA kA antima sparza saccAI ke sAtha thA, kisI niyama ke sAtha nhiiN| bhagavAn ne 'gRhaliga-siddha' kI svIkRti de kyA mokSa-siddhi ke lie muni-jIvana kI ekachatratA ko cunautI nahIM dI? gharavAsI gRhastha bhI kisI kSaNa mukta ho sakatA hai, isakA artha hai ki dharma kI ArAdhanA amuka prakAra ke veza yA amuka paramparA kI jIvana-praNAlI ko svIkAra kie binA bhI ho sakatI hai| jIvana-vyApI satya jIvana ko kabhI aura kahIM bhI Alokita kara sakatA hai| isa satya ko

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bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakI zikSAeM 199 anAvRta kara bhagavAn ne dharma ko AkAza kI bhA~ti AApaka banA diyA / 'pratyeka-buddha-siddha' kA siddhAnta bhI sAmpradAyika dRSTi ke prati mukta vidroha hai / 'pratyeka - buddha' kisI sampradAya se prabhAvita tathA kisI dharma paramparA se pratibaddha hokara pravrajita nahIM hote / ve apane jJAna se hI prabuddha hote haiM / bhagavAn ne unako utanI hI mAnyatA dI, jitanI apanI paramparA meM pravrajita hone vAloM ko prApta thI / jo loga apane dharma kI prazaMsA aura dUsaroM kI niMdA karate the, unake sAmane mahAvIra ne kaTu satya prastuta kiyA / bhagavAn ne kahA - 'jo aisA karate haiM, ve dharma ke nAma para apane baMdhana kI zrRMkhalA ko aura adhika sudRr3ha banA rahe haiM / ' - ' bhaMte! zAzvata dharma kauna-sA hai ? ' bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA gayA - ' bhagavAn ne kahA - 'kisI bhI prANI ko mata mAro, upadruta mata karo, paritapta mata karo, svatantratA kA apaharaNa mata karo - yaha zAzvata dharma hai / ' ! bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kabhI nahIM kahA ki jaina dharma zAzvata hai / tattva zAzvata ho sakatA hai, kintu nAma aura rUpa kabhI zAzvata nahIM hote / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yuga dharma ke prabhutva kA yuga thA / usa samaya pacAsoM dharma sampradAya the / unameM kucha to bahuta hI prabhAvazAlI the / kucha zAzvatavAdI the aura kucha azAzvatavAdI / zAzvatavAdI azAzvatavAdI sampradAya para prahAra karate aura azAzvatavAdI zAzvatavAdI dhArA para / isa paddhati ko mahAvIra ne sAmpradAyika abhiniveza kI saMjJA dI / naitika mUlyoM kI pratiSThA * A bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yuga kriyAkANDoM kA yuga thA / mahAbhArata kI dhvaMsa-lIlA kA janamAnasa para abhI asara miTA nahIM thA / janatA trANa kI khoja meM bhaTaka rahI thii| aneka dArzanika use paramAtmA kI zaraNa meM le jA rahe the / samarpaNa kA siddhAnta bala pakar3a rahA thA / zramaNa paramparA isakA virodha kara rahI thI / bhagavAn pArzva ke nirvANa ke bAda koI zaktizAlI netA nahIM rahA, isalie usakA svara janatA kA dhyAna AkRSTa nahIM kara pA rahA thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra aura bhagavAn buddha ne usa svara ko phira zaktizAlI banAyA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA - 'puruSa ! terA trANa tU hI hai| bAhara kahA~ trANa DhU~Dha rahA hai? isa AtmakartRtva kI vANI ne bhAratIya janamAnasa meM phira eka bAra puruSArtha kI lau prajvalita kara dI zramaNa paramparA ne Izvara - kartRtva ko mAnyatA nahIM dii| isalie usameM upAsanA yA bhaktimArga kA vikAsa nahIM huA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dhArmika nirUpaNa meM AdhyAtmika aura naitika siddhAnta haiM / usameM upAsanA aura bhakti ke siddhAnta nahIM haiM / .

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200 jaina darzana aura saMskRti bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vyAkhyA meM vrata dhArmika jIvana kI AdhArazilA (mUla guNa) hai| dharma kA bhavya prAsAda usI ke AdhAra para khar3A kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne munidharma ke lie pA~ca mahAvratoM tathA gRhavAsI ke lie pA~ca aNuvratoM kI vyavasthA dii| pA~ca mahAvrata-ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha / pA~ca aNuvrata-ekadezIya ahiMsA, ekadezIya satya, ekadezIya acaurya, svadAra-saMtoSa, icchA-parimANa / vratoM ke vistAra meM bhagavAn ne usa samaya ke anaitika AcaraNoM kI ora aMgulI-nirdeza kiyA aura unheM chor3ane kI preraNA dii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke astitvakAla meM unakA dharma bahuta vyApaka nahIM bnaa| unake zrAvakoM kI saMkhyA lAkhoM meM hI sImita thii| bhagavAna ke nirvANa ke bAda uttaravartI AcAryoM ne upAsanA aura bhaktimArga ko bhI sthAna diyaa| usa avadhi meM jaina dharma kI pratIkoM kI pUjA upAsanA pracalita huii| maMtra-japa kA mahattva bddh'aa| mahAvIra kI Atma-kendrita sAdhanA vistAra-kendrita ho gii| usa yuga meM jana-sAdhAraNa jaina dharma kI ora AkRSTa huA aura vaha bhArata ke bahuta bar3e bhAga meM eka prabhAvI dharma ke rUpa meM sAmane A gyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM meM sAmAnya nirdhana vyakti se lekara tatkAlIna janapadoM ke bar3e-bar3e samrATa taka sammilita hue| usa yuga meM zAsaka sammata dharma ko adhika mahattva milatA thaa| isa dRSTi se rAjAoM kA dharma ke prati AkRSTa honA ullekhanIya mAnA jAtA thaa| aise rAjAoM meM mukhya the-magadha samrATa bimbasAra zreNika aura mahArAnI cillaNA (celaNA), unakA putra ajAtazatru kUNika, zreNika kA mahAmaMtrI abhayakumAra (jo zreNika kA hI putra thA), vaizAlI gaNatantra kA pramukha rAjA ceTaka, hastinApura kA rAjA ziva, sindhu-sauvIra kA rAjA udrAyaNa Adi / rAjaparivAra ke loga na kevala zrAvaka-zrAvikA ke rUpa meM vratI bane apitu bahu saMkhyA meM pravajita bhI hue| zreNika kA putra meghakumAra, mahAmaMtrI abhayakumAra Adi kI pravajyA tyAga ke mahattva ko bhalI-bhA~ti ujAgara karane vAlI thii| zAzvata satyoM kI ArAdhanA ke sAtha-sAtha samAja ke vartamAna doSoM se bacane ke lie bhI zrAvaka prayatnazIla the| nirvANa bhagavAn mahAvIra grAmAnugrAma vihAra karate hue pAvApura phuNce| rAjA hastipAla aura usakI prajA ne bhagavAn kI vaMdanA kii| bhagavAn ne unheM nirvANa

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'bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakI zikSAeM 201 kA rahasya smjhaayaa| ve nirvANa ke sarvAdhika zakti-sampanna pravaktA the / pravacana ke bAda bhagavAn ne gautama ko bulAkara kahA - " -' gautama! yahA~ se kucha dUrI para somazarmA brAhmaNa rahatA hai / vaha tattva kA jijJAsu hai / tumhArA upadeza pAkara vaha pratibuddha hogaa| tuma vahA~ jAo aura use pratibuddha karo / ' gautama bhagavAn ke vacana ko zirodhArya kara somazarmA ko pratibodha dene cale ge| bhagavAn do dina se upavAsa kara rahe the / jala bhI nahIM le rahe the / unhoMne ina dinoM meM bahuta lambe pravacana kie| unameM karmaphala kA vistAra se vivecana kiyA / apanA pravacana sampanna kara bhagavAn mauna ho ge| ve padmAsana meM baiThe the / unakA zarIra sthira aura zAMta ho gyaa| ve isa sthUla zarIra ke sAtha-sAtha sUkSma zarIra se bhI mukta ho ge| janma aura mRtyu kI zRMkhalA unase vicchinna ho gaI / jyoti kevala jyoti raha gaI / vi.pU. 470 (I.pU. 527) pAvApura meM kArtika kRSNA amAvasyA ke uSAkAla (cAra ghar3I zeSa rAtri) meM bhagavAn kA nirvANa huA / usa samaya bhagavAn ke pAsa sudharmA Adi aneka sAdhu the / malla aura licchavi gaNarAjya ke aThAraha rAje bhI vahA~ upasthita the / usa avasara para unhoMne dIpa jalAkara jyoti se jyoti kI prazasti kI / bhagavAn tIsa varSa kI avasthA meM zramaNa bane, sAr3he bAraha varSa taka tapasvI jIvana bitAyA aura tIsa varSa taka dharmopadeza diyA / bhagavAn ne kAzI, kauzala, paMcAla, kaliMga, kamboja, kuru-jaMgAla, bAhlika, gAMdhAra, sindhu-sauvIra Adi dezoM meM vihAra kiyA / bhagavAn ke caudaha hajAra sAdhu aura chattIsa hajAra sAdhviyA~ banIM / nandI sUtra ke anusAra bhagavAn ke caudaha hajAra sAdhu prakIrNakAra the| isase jAna par3atA hai, sarva sAdhuoM kI saMkhyA aura adhika thI / 1,59,000 zrAvaka aura 3,18,000 zrAvikAeM thI / yaha vratI zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA pratIta hotI hai| jaina dharma kA anugamana karane vAloM kI saMkhyA isase adhika thI, aisA sambhava hai / bhagavAn rAjakula meM janme / vaibhava meM pale-puse / jaise yuvA bane vaise hI unakA samatva-cakSu vikasita huaa| ve samatA kI sAdhanA meM lage / usameM siddhi prApta kii| ve janatA ke bIca rhe| unhoMne janatA ko zAMti, samatA aura anekAMta kA mArga-darzana diyaa| unakA darzana kevala vyakti ke lie nahIM, samAja ke lie bhI hai| unakA dharma kevala paraloka ke lie nahIM, vartamAna loka ke lie bhI hai / unakI AdhAra - paddhati se Antarika samasyAeM hI nahIM sulajhatIM, samAja-vyavasthA kI

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202 jaina darzana aura saMskRti samasyAeM bhI sulajhatI haiN| unakI ahiMsA kAyara kI ahiMsA nahIM hai, vaha yoddhA kI ahiMsA hai, abhaya aura parAkrama usake sAtha jur3e hue haiN| unakI nivRtti akarmaNyatA nahIM hai, vaha karma ke pariSkAra kI ajeya zakti aura mAnasika zakti kA mahAn sAdhana hai| Aja bhI unakI vANI me vizva-zAMti ke patha-darzana kI kSamatA hai, isalie hama saba unake prati praNata haiN| abhyAsa 1. bhagavAn mahAvIra kA saMkSipta paricaya deN| . 2. "bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sAdhanA vastuta: eka vIra puruSa kI sAdhanA thI", ise siddha kreN| 3. bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA sthApita dharma-saMgha kA svarUpa aura usakI vyavasthA ko vistAra se smjhaaeN| 4. bhagavAn mahAvIra ke yuga kI dhArmika paristhitiyoM kA varNana kreN| 5. bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mukhya siddhAnta kauna-kauna se the? 6. bhagavAn mahAvIra ne Izvara ke sthAna para manuSya ko kisa prakAra pratiSThita kiyA? ----- 7. bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dharma kI vyApaka dhAraNA ko kisa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA thaa| 8. kyA sampradAya-vihIna dharma bhI ho sakatA hai? bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vicAroM ke AdhAra para ise spaSTa kareM / 000

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uttarakAlIna paramparA gaNadhara gautama jisa samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa huA, usa samaya unake pramukha ziSya prathama gaNadhara gautama pratibodha dene ke lie dUsare gA~va gae hue the| nirvANa kI sUcanA milate hI ve zoka se vihvala ho ge| cintana kI dhArA mur3I aura ve vahIM kevalI ho ge| unakA mUla nAma indrabhUti thaa| ye bobbara grAmavAsI gautama-gotrIya brAhmaNa ke putra the| ve pacAsa varSa kI avasthA meM pravajita hue the| tIsa varSa taka ve bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtha chadmastha avasthA meM grAmAnugrAma vihAra karate hue dharma kA pracAra karate rhe| jaba kevalI bane, taba unakI avasthA assI varSa kI thii| ve kevalajJAnI ke rUpa meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bAda bAraha varSa taka, rahe aura bAnaveM varSa kI Ayu samApta kara nirvANa ko prApta ho ge| gaNadhara sudharmA digambara paramparA kA abhimata hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prathama uttarAdhikArI gautama the| zvetAmbara paramparA kA abhimata hai ki kevalI kabhI kisI paramparA kA vAhaka nahIM hotaa| gautama kevalI ho cuke the| sudharmA ke atirikta zeSa nau gaNadhara bhagavAn kI upasthiti meM hI nirvANa ko prApta ho gae the| isalie saMgha ke saMcAlana kA bhAra gaNadhara sudharmA para AyA aura ve bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama uttarAdhikArI hue| unakA janma IsavI pUrva 607 meM kollAga sanniveza ke agnivezyAyana gotrIya brAhmaNa dhammila ke yahA~ huaa| unakI mAtA kA nAma bhaddilA thaa| unakA saMpUrNa AyuSya sau varSa kA thaa| ve pacAsa varSa kI avasthA meM dIkSita hue, bayAlIsa varSa taka chadmastha avasthA meM (nIsa varSa taka bhagavAn ke pAsa aura bAraha varSa taka bhagavAn ke nirvANa ke bAda) aura ATha varSa taka kevalajJAnI kI avasthA meM rhe| ve vaibhAragiri (rAjagRha) para eka mAsa kA anazana kara vIra nirvANa 20 (I. pUrva 507) meM nirvANa ko prApta hue|

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204 jaina darzana aura saMskRti Arya jambUkumAra jaba jambUkumAra sudharmA ke pAsa dIkSita hue, taba unakI Ayu solaha varSa kI thii| aTThAIsa varSa kI Ayu meM ve AcArya bane aura chattIsa varSa kI Ayu meM unheM kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi huii| inakA pUrA AyuSya 80 varSa kA thaa| causaTha varSa ke zramaNa-paryAya meM ye cavAlIsa varSa taka yugapradhAna AcArya ke rUpa meM rhe| ve isa yuga ke antima kevalI the| unakA nirvANa IsvI pUrva 453 meM huaa| __ AcArya jambU ke pazcAt kramaza: chaha AcArya zrutakevalI hue-prabhava, zayyambhava, yazobhadra, saMbhUtavijaya, bhadrabAhu aura sthuulbhdr| saMpradAya-bheda vicAra kA itihAsa jitanA purAnA hai, lagabhaga utanA hI purAnA vicAra-bheda kA itihAsa hai| dIrghakAlIna paramparA meM vicAra-bheda honA asvAbhAvika nahIM hai| jaina paramparA meM bhI aisA hI huaa| jaina paramparA kA bheda mUla tattvoM kI apekSA UparI bAtoM yA gauNa praznoM para adhika TikA huA hai| AmUlacUla vicAra-parivartana hone para kucha jaina sAdhu nigrantha zAsana ko chor3akara anya zAsana (dharma-paramparA) meM jAkara vahA~ zramaNa bana ge| gozAlaka bhI unameM eka thaa| aise zramaNoM ko nihnava kI saMjJA nahIM dI gii| nihnava unhIM sAdhuoM ko kahA gayA jinakA cAlU paramparA ke sAtha kisI eka viSaya meM matabheda ho jAne ke kAraNa, ve vartamAna zAsana se pRthak ho gae, kintu kisI anya dharma ko svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| isalie unheM anyadharmI na kahakara, jaina zAsaka ne nihnava (kisI eka viSaya kA apalApa karane vAle) kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra ke nihnava sAta hue haiN| inameM se do (jamAlI aura tiSyagupta) bhagavAn mahAvIra kI kaivalya-prApti ke bAda hue haiM aura zeSa pA~ca nirvANa ke baad| ina saba nihnavoM kA astitva-kAla bhagavAn mahAvIra ko kaivalya-prApti ke caudaha varSa se nirvANa ke bAda 584 varSa taka rhaa|' 1. nimnalikhita koSThaka meM sAtoM nihnavoM kA vivaraNa haiAcArya mata-sthApanA utpatti-sthAna kAlamAna 1. jamAlI bahuratavAda zrAvastI kaivalya ke 14 varSa pazcAt 2. tiSyagupta jIvaprAdezikavAda RSabhapura kaivalya ke 16 varSa " 3. ASAr3ha-ziSya avyaktavAda zvetavikA nirvANa ke 114 varSa / 4. azvamitra sAmucchedikavAda mithilA nirvANa ke 220 varSa " 5. gaMga dvaikriyavAda ullukAtIra nirvANa ke 228 varSa" 6. rohasupta trairAzikavAda aMtaraMjikA nirvANa ke 554 varSa " 7. goMSThAmAhila abaddhikavAda dazapura nirvANa ke 609 varSa "

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uttarakAlIna paramparA 205 zvetAmbara-digambara zvetAmbara-digambara sampradAya-bheda kaba huA--yaha aba bhI anusaMdhAna-sApekSa hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM sApekSa zabda haiN| inameM se eka kA nAmakaraNa hone ke bAda hI dUsare ke nAmakaraNa kI AvazyakatA huii| unake pazcAt AcArya-paramparA kA bheda milatA hai| zvetAmbara-paTTAvali ke anusAra jambU ke pazcAt prabhava, zayyambhava, yazobhadra, sambhUtavijaya aura bhadrabAhu hue aura digambara-mAnyatA ke anusAra nandI, naMdImitra, aparAjita, govardhana aura bhadrabAhu hue| jambU ke pazcAt kucha samaya taka donoM paramparAeM AcAryoM kA bheda svIkAra karatI haiM aura bhadrabAha ke samaya phira donoM eka bana jAtI haiN| isa bheda aura abheda ke saiddhAntika matabheda kA niSkarSa nahIM nikAlA jA sktaa| usa samaya saMgha eka thA, phira bhI gaNa aura zAkhAeM aneka thiiN| AcArya aura caturdazapUrvI bhI aneka the| kintu prabhavasvAmI ke samaya se hI kucha matabheda ke aMkura phUTane lage hoM, aisA pratIta hotA hai| kiMvadantI ke anusAra vIra-nirvANa 609 varSa ke pazcAt digambara-sampradAya kA janma huA, yaha zvetAmbara mAnate haiM aura digambara-mAnyatA ke anusAra vIra-nirvANa 606 meM (IsA pUrva 79) zvetAmbara-sampradAya kA prAraMbha huaa| caityavAsa paramparA vIra-nirvANa kI navIM zatAbdI (850) meM caityavAsa kI sthApanA huii| kucha muni maMdiroM ke paripArzva meM rahane lge| vIra-nirvANa kI dasavIM zatAbdI taka inakA prabhutva nahIM bddh'aa| devarddhigaNI ke divaMgata hote hI inakA sampradAya zaktizAlI ho gyaa| AcArya haribhadrasUri ne 'sambodha-prakaraNa' meM inake AcAra-vicAra kA sajIva varNana kiyA hai| / caityavAsI zAkhA ke udbhava ke sAtha dUsarA pakSa saMvigna, vidhimArga yA suvihitamArga khlaayaa| sthAnakavAsI sthAnakavAsI saMpradAya kA udbhava mUrti-pUjA ke asvIkAra pakSa meM huaa| vikrama kI solahavIM zatAbdI meM lokAzAha ne mUrti-pUjA kA virodha kiyA aura

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206 jaina darzana aura saMskRti AcAra kI kaThoratA kA pakSa prabala kiyaa| ve gRhasthAvasthA meM hI the| unakI paramparA meM RSi lavajI, AcArya dharmasiMhajI aura AcArya dharmadAsajI pratibhAzAlI AcArya hue| AcArya dharmadAsajI ke ninyAnave ziSya the| unhoMne apane vidvAn ziSyoM ko bAIsa daloM meM bAMTA aura vibhinna prAntoM meM unheM dharma-pracAra karane ke lie bhejaa| usake bAda lokAzAha kA sampradAya 'bAIsa TolA' yA bAIsa-sampradAya ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| Age calakara, sthAnakoM kI mukhyatayA ke kAraNa yahI 'sthAnakavAsI' sampradAya ke nAma se pahacAnA jAne lgaa| vartamAna meM isakA nAma 'zramaNa saMgha' kara diyA gayA hai| terApaMtha sthAnakavAsI sampradAya ke AcArya rughanAthajI ke ziSya 'santaM bhIkhaNajI' (AcArya bhikSu) ne vikrama saMvat 1817 meM terApaMtha kA pravartana kiyaa| AcArya bhikSu ne AcAra-zuddhi aura saMgaThana para bala diyaa| ekasUtratA ke lie unhoMne aneka maryAdAoM kA nirmANa kiyA, ziSya-prathA ko samApta kara diyaa| thor3e hI samaya meM eka AcArya, eka AcAra aura eka vicAra ke lie terApaMtha prasiddha ho. gyaa| AcArya bhikSu Agama ke anuzIlana dvArA kucha naye tattvoM ko prakAza meM laae| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se ve bahuta hI mUlyavAn haiN| kucha tathya vartamAna samAja ke patha-darzaka bana gae haiN| abhyAsa 1. bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pazcAt jaina dharma ke antargata kauna-kauna se sampradAya vikasita hue? unakI pArasparika samAnatAeM tathA bhinnatAeM __ spaSTa kreN| 2. nihnava kise kahate haiM? nihnava kitane aura kaba-kaba hue? 000

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jaina sAhitya : saMkSipta paricaya jaina sAhitya Agama aura Agametara - ina do bhAgoM meM baMTA huA hai I sAhitya kA prAcInatama bhAga Agama kahalAtA hai / * bhagavAn kI vANI Agama bana gii| unake pradhAna ziSya gautama Adi gyAraha gaNadharoM ne use sUtra - rUpa meM gUMthA / Agama ke do vibhAga ho gae-- sUtrAgama aura arthAgama / bhagavAn ke prakIrNa upadeza ko arthAgama aura unake AdhAra para kI gaI sUtra - racanA ko sUtrAgama kahA gyaa| ve AcAryoM ke lie nidhi bana gae / isalie unakA nAma gaNi-piTaka huA / usa gumphana ke maulika bhAga bAraha hue / isalie usakA dUsarA nAma huA - dvAdazAMgI / sthaviroM ne isakA pallavana kiyA / Agama-sUtroM kI saMkhyA hajAroM taka pahu~ca gii| bhagavAn ke caudaha hajAra ziSya prakaraNakAra (granthakAra) / usa samaya likhane kI paramparA nahIM thI / sArA vAGmaya smRti para AdhArita thA / AgamoM kA racanA-krama bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda ke pA~ca vibhAga haiM- parikarma, sUtra, pUrvAnuyoga, pUrvagata aura cUlikA / pUrvagata ke caudaha vibhAga haiM / ve pUrva kahalAte haiM / unakA parimANa bahuta hI vizAla hai| ve zruta yA zabda- jJAna ke samastaM viSayoM ke akSaya- kopa hote haiM / pUrvo meM sArA zruta samA jAtA hai| pUrvoM kI bhASA saMskRta mAnI jAtI hai, kintu sAdhAraNa buddhi vAle use par3ha nahIM skte| unake lie dvAdazAMgI kI racanA kI' gii| Agama-sAhitya meM adhyayana - paramparA ke tIna krama milate haiM / kucha zramaNa caturdazapUrvI hote the, kucha dvAdazAMgI ke vidvAn aura kucha sAmAyika Adi gyAraha aMgoM ke adhyetA / caturdazapUrvI zramaNoM kA adhika mahattva rahA hai| unheM zruta- kevalI kahA gayA hai / jaina AgamoM kI bhASA ardhamAgadhI hai / yaha prAkRta kA hI eka rUpa hai / yaha magadha ke eka bhAga meM bolI jAtI hai tathA isameM mAgadhI aura dUsarI

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208 jaina darzana aura saMskRti bhASAoM- aTThAraha dezI bhASAoM ke lakSaNa mizrita haiM; isalie yaha ardhamAgadhI kahalAtI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSya magadha, mithilA, kauzala Adi aneka pradeza, varga aura jAti ke the / isalie jaina sAhitya kI prAcIna prAkRta meM dezya zabdoM kI bahulatA hai| ise ArSa kahA jAtA hai / usakA mUla Agama kA 'RSi - bhASita' zabda hai / Agama-vibhAga Agama- sAhitya praNetA kI dRSTi se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hotA hai-- aMga-praviSTa aura anaMga- praviSTa / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadharoM ne jo sAhitya racA, vaha aMga-praviSTa kahalAtA hai / sthaviroM ne jo sAhitya racA, vaha anaMga - praviSTa kahalAtA hai / bAraha aMgoM ke atirikta sArA Agama- sAhitya anaMga-praviSTa hai 1 dvAdazAMgI kA svarUpa sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke samakSa niyata hotA hai| anaMga-praviSTa niyama nahIM hotaa| abhI jo ekAdaza aMga upalabdha haiM ve sudharmA gaNadhara kI vAcanA ke haiM, isalie sudharmA dvArA racita mAne jAte haiM / anaMga - praviSTa Agama- sAhitya kI dRSTi se do bhAgoM meM baMTatA hai : kucheka Agama sthaviroM ke dvArA racita haiM aura kucheka niryUDha / jo Agama dvAdazAMgI yA pUrvo se uddhRta kiye gae, ve niryUDha kahalAte haiM / dazavaikAlika, AcArAMga kA dUsarA zrutaskaMdha, nizItha, vyavahAra, bRhatkalpa, dazAzrutaskaMdha - ye niryUDha Agama haiM / dazavaikAlika kA niryUhaNa apane putra manaka kI ArAdhanA ke lie Arya zayyambhava ne kiyA, zeSa AgamoM ke niryUhaka zruta- kevalI bhadrabAhu haiM / prajJApanA ke kartA zyAmArya, anuyogadvAra ke kartA AryarakSita aura naMdI ke kartA devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa mAne jAte haiM / bhASA kI dRSTi se AgamoM ko do yugoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai / I. pU. 400 se I. 100 taka kA pahalA yuga hai / isameM racita aMgoM kI bhASA ardha- mAgadhI hai / dUsarA yuga I. 100 se I. 500 taka kA hai| isameM racita yA niryUDha AgamoM kI bhASA jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta hai Agama-vAcanAeM vIra- nirvANa kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM (160 varSa pazcAt ) pATaliputra meM bAraha varSa kA durbhikSa huA / usa samaya zramaNa saMgha chinna-bhinna-sA ho gayA / bahuta sAre bahuzruta muni anazana kara svargavAsI ho ge| Agama- jJAna kI zrRMkhalA TUTa-sI

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jaina sAhitya : saMkSipta paricaya 209 gii| durbhikSa miTA, taba saMgha milaa| zramaNoM ne gyAraha aMga saMkalita kie| bArahaveM aMga ke jJAtA bhadrabAhu svAmI ke sivAya koI nahIM rhaa| ve nepAla meM mahAprANa-dhyAna kI sAdhanA kara rahe the| saMgha kI prArthanA para unhoMne bArahaveM aMga kI vAcanA denA svIkAra kara liyaa| pandraha sau sAdhu ge| unameM pA~ca sau vidyArthI the aura eka hajAra sAdhu unakI paricaryA meM niyukta the| Agama-saMkalana kA dUsarA prayatna vIra-nirvANa 827 aura 840 (I. san 300-313) ke bIca huaa| AcArya skandila ke netRtva meM Agama likhe ge| yaha kArya mathurA meM haA, isalie ise mAthurI-vAcanA kahA jAtA hai| isI samaya vallabhI meM AcArya nAgArjuna ke netRtva meM Agama saMkalita hue| use vallabhI vAcanA yA nAgArjunIya-vAcanA kahA jAtA hai| mAthurI-vAcanA ke anuyAyiyoM ke anusAra vIra-nirvANa ke 980 varSa pazcAt (I. san 453 meM) tathA vallabhI-vAcanA ke anuyAyiyoM ke anusAra vIra-nirvANa ke 993 varSa pazcAt (IsvI sana 466 meM- devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke netRtva meM zramaNa-saMgha milaa| dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa ke kAraNa bahuta sAre bahuzruta muni kAla-kavalita ho cuke the| anya muniyoM kI saMkhyA bhI kama ho gaI thii| zruta kI avasthA cintanIya thii| durbhikSa-janita kaThinAiyoM ke kAraNa prAsuka bhikSAjIvI sAdhuoM kI sthiti bar3I vicAraNIya thii| kramaza: zruta kI vismRti ho rahI thii| devarddhigaNI ne avaziSTa bahuzruta muniyoM tathA zramaNa-saMgha ko ekatrita kiyA / unheM jo zruta kaMThastha thA, vaha unase sunA aura lipibaddha kara liyaa| AgamoM ke AlApaka nyUnAdhika aura chinna-bhinna mile| unhoMne una sabakA apanI mati se saMkalana aura saMpAdana kara pustakArUr3ha kara liyaa| isake pazcAt phira koI sarvamAnya vAcanA nahIM huii| vIra-nirvANa kI dasavIM zatAbdI ke bAda pUrvajJAna kI paramparA vicchinna ho gii| Agama kA maulika rUpa - digambara-paramparA ke anusAra vIra-nirvANa ke 683 varSa (I. 156) ke pazcAt AgamoM kA maulika svarUpa lupta ho gyaa| zvetAmbara-mAnyatA hai ki Agama-sAhitya kA maulika svarUpa bar3e parimANa meM lupta ho gayA kintu pUrNa nahIM, aba bhI vaha zeSa hai| aMgoM aura upAMgoM kI jo tIna bAra saMkalanA huI, usameM maulika rUpa avazya hI badalA hai| uttaravartI ghaTanAoM aura vicAraNAoM kA samAveza bhI huA hai| sthAnAMga meM sAta nihnavoM aura navagaNoM kA ullekha isakA spaSTa pramANa hai| prazna-vyAkaraNa kA jo

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210 jaina darzana aura saMskRti viSaya-varNana hai, vaha vartamAna rUpa meM upalabdha nahIM hai| isa sthiti ke uparAnta bhI aMgoM kA adhikAMza bhAga maulika hai| bhASA aura racanA-zailI kI dRSTi se vaha prAcIna hai| AyAro racanA-zailI kI dRSTi se zeSa saba aMgoM se bhinna hai| Aja ke bhASAzAstrI use DhAI hajAra varSa prAcIna batalAte haiN| sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga aura bhagavatI bhI prAcIna haiN| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM, Agama kA mUla Aja bhI surakSita Agama-lopa ke pazcAt digambara-paramparA meM jo sAhitya racA gayA, usameM sarvopari mahattva SaT-khaNDAgama aura kaSAya-prAbhRta kA hai| pUrvo aura aMgoM ke bace-khuce aMzoM ke lupta hone kA prasaMga AyA, taba AcArya dharasena (vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI) ne bhUtabali aura puSyadanta nAmaka do sAdhuoM ko zrutAbhyAsa kraayaa| ina dAnoM ne SaT khaNDAgama kI racanA kii| lagabhaga isI samaya meM AcArya guNadhara hue| unhoMne kaSAya-prAbhRta rcaa| ye pUrvo ke zeSAMza haiN| isalie inheM pUrvo se uddhRta mAnA jAtA hai| ina para kaI prAcIna TIkAeM likhI gaI haiN| ve upalabdha nahIM haiN| jo TIkA vartamAna meM upalabdha hai, vaha AcArya vIrasena kI hai| inhoMne vikrama saMvat 873 meM SaT khaNDAgama kI 72,000 zloka-pramANa dhavalA TIkA likhI evaM kaSAya-pAhur3a para 20,000 zloka-pramANa TIkA likhii| vaha pUrNa na ho sakI, bIca meM hI unakA svargavAsa ho gyaa| use unhIM ke ziSya jinasenAcArya ne pUrNa kiyaa| usakI pUrti vikrama samvat 894 meM huii| usakA zeSa bhAga 40,000 zloka-pramANa aura likhA gyaa| donoM ko milAkara isakA pramANa 60,000 zloka hotA hai| isakA nAma jaya-dhavalA hai| yaha prAkRta aura saMskRta ke saMkrAMti-kAla kI racanA hai| isalie isameM donoM bhASAoM kA mizraNa hai| SaT-khaNDa kA antima bhAga mahAbaMdha hai| isake raciyatA AcArya bhUtabali haiN| yaha 41,000 zloka-pramANa hai| ina tInoM granthoM meM karma kA bahuta hI sUkSma vivecana hai| lekhana aura lekha-sAmagrI jaina-sAhitya ke anusAra lipi kA prArambha prAgaitihAsika hai| prajJApanA meM 18 lipiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| bhagavAn RSabhanAtha ne apanI putrI brAhmI ko 18 lipiyA~ sikhAIM, aisA ullekha vizeSAvazvakabhASyavRtti, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra Adi meM milatA hai| jaina-sUtra varNita 72 kalAoM meM lekha-kalA kA pahalA sthAna hai| bhagavAn RSabhanAtha ne 72 kalAoM kA upadeza kiyA tathA asi, maSi aura

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jaina sAhitya : saMkSipta paricaya 211 kRSi--ye tIna prakAra ke vyApAra claae| inameM Aye hue lekha-kalA aura maSi zabda likhane kI paramparA ko karma-yuga ke Arambha taka le jAte haiN| nandI-sUtra meM tIna prakAra kA akSara-zruta batalAyA gayA hai| isameM pahalA saMjJAkSara hai| isakA artha hotA hai--akSara kI aakRti--lipi| prAgaitihAsika kAla meM likhane kI sAmagrI kaisI thI, yaha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| rAjapraznIyasUtra meM pustaka ratna kA varNana karate hue kambikA (ruler), moMrA, gAMTha, lipyAsana (maSipAtra), chaMdana (Dhakkana), sAMkalI, maSi aura lekhanI-lekha-sAmagrI ke ina upakaraNoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| prAjJApanA meM 'potthArA' zabda AtA hai jisakA artha hotA hai-lipikAra--pustaka vijJAna-Arya / ise zilpArya meM ginA gayA hai| isI sUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki ardha-mAgadhI bhASA aura brAhmI lipi kA prayoga karane vAle bhASArya hote haiN| bhagavatI sUtra ke Arambha meM brAhmI lipi ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai, usakI pRSThabhUmi meM bhI likhane kA itihAsa hai| bhAva-lipi ke pUrva vaise hI dravya-lipi rahatI hai, jaise bhAva-zruta ke pUrva dravya-zruta hotA hai| dravya-zruta zrUyamANa zabda aura paThyamAna zabda-donoM prakAra kA hotA hai| isase siddha hai ki dravya-lipi dravya-zruta se atirikta nahIM, usI kA eka aMza hai| pA~ca prakAra kI pustakeM batalAI gaI haiM--1. gaNDI, 2. kacchavI, 3. muSTi, 4. saMpuTa phalaka, 5. sRpaattikaa| haribhadrasUri ne bhI dazavaikAlika TIkA meM prAcIna AcAryoM kI mAnyatA kA ullekha karate hue inhIM pustakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| nizIthacUrNi meM bhI inakA ullekha hai| anuyogadvAra kA potthakamma (pustaka karma) zabda bhI lipi kI prAcInatA kA eka prabala pramANa hai| TIkAkAra ne pustaka kA artha tAr3a-patra athavA saMpuTaka-patra-saMcaya aura karma kA artha usameM vartikA Adi se likhanA kiyA hai| isI sUtra meM Ae hue potthakAra (pustakakAra) zabda kA artha TIkAkAra ne 'pustaka ke dvArA jIvikA calAne vAlA' kiyA hai| jIvAbhigama ke potthAra (pustakakAra) zabda kA yahI artha hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI pAThazAlA meM par3hane-likhane kI dhaTanA bhI tAtkAlika lekhana-prathA kA eka pramANa hai| vIra-nirvANa kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM AkrAntA samrATa sikandara ke senApati niAsa ne likhA hai--"bhAratavAsI loga kAgaja banAte the|" IsvI ke dUsare zataka meM tAr3a-patra aura cauthe meM bhoja-patra likhane ke vyavahAra meM lAe jAte the| vartamAna meM upalabdha likhita granthoM meM pAMcavIM zatAbdI I. meM likhe hue patra milate haiN| ina tathyoM ke AdhAra para hama jAna sakate haiM ki bhArata meM likhane kI prathA prAcInatama hai| kintu samaya-samaya para isake lie kina-kina sAdhanoM kA upayoga hotA thA, isakA do hajAra varSa purAnA rUpa jAnanA ati kaThina hai| moTe taura para hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki bhAratIya

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aMga 212 jaina darzana aura saMskRti vADmaya kA bhAgya lambe samaya taka kaNThastha-paramparA meM hI surakSita rahA hai| jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM paramparAoM ke ziSya uttarAdhikAra ke rUpa meM apane-apane AcAryoM dvArA jJAna kA akSaya-koSa pAte the| Agama ke bheda-prabheda Agama-puruSa kI kalpanA huI, taba aMga-praviSTa ko usake aMga-sthAnIya aura bAraha sUtroM ko upAMga-sthAnIya mAnA gyaa| puruSa ke jaise do paira, do jaMghAeM, do uru, do gAtrArtha, do bAhu, grIvA aura sira--ye bAraha aMga hote haiM, vaise hI zrutapuruSa ke AcAra Adi bAraha aMga hote haiN| isalie ye aMga-praviSTa kahalAte haiN| kAna, nAka AMkha, jaMghA, hAtha aura paira-ye upAMga haiN| zrutapuruSa ke bhI aupapAtika Adi bAraha upAMga haiN| . bAraha aMgoM aura unake upAMgoM kI vyavasthA isa prakAra hai upAMga AcAra aupapAtika sUtrakRt rAjapraznIya sthAna - jIvAbhigama samavAya prajJApanA bhagavatI sUryaprajJapti jJAtAdharmakathA ambUdvIpaprajJapti upAsakadazA candraprajJapti antakRddazA kalpikA anuttaropapAtikadazA kAlpAvataMsikA praznavyAkaraNa puSpikA vipAka puSpacUlikA dRSTivAda vRSNidazA darzavaikAlika aura uttarAdhyayana-ye do mUla sUtra mAne jAte haiN| nandI aura anuyogadvAra--ye do cUlikA - sUtra haiN| vyavahAra, bRhatkalpa, nizItha aura dazAzrutaskandha--ye cAra cheda sUtra haiN| isa prakAra aMga-bAhya-zruta kI samaya-samaya para vibhinna rUpoM meM yojanA, huI hai| AgamoM kA vartamAna saMskaraNa devarddhigaNI kA hai| aMgoM ke kartA gaNadhara haiN| aMga-bAhya-zruta ke kartA sthavira haiN| una sabakA saMkalana aura saMpAdana karane

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jaina sAhitya : saMkSipta paricaya 213 vAle devarddhigaNI haiN| isalie ve AgamoM ke vartamAna-rUpa ke kartA bhI mAne jAte haiN| Agama kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya Agama ke vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya kA prArambha niyukti se hotA hai aura vaha 'stabaka' aura 'jor3oM' taka calatA hai| niyuktiyA~ aura niyuktikAra-dvitIya bhadrabAhu ne dasa niyuktiyA~ likhiiN| inakA racanAkAla vIra-nirvANa kI pAMcavIM-chaThI zatAbdI hai| inakI bhASA prAkRta hai| inameM saMkSipta zailI ke AdhAra para aneka viSaya aura pAribhASika zabda pratipAdita haiN| ye bhASya aura cUrNiyoM ke lie AdhArabhUta haiN| ye padyabaddha vyAkhyAeM haiN| bhASya aura bhASyakAra-AgamoM aura niyuktiyoM ke Azaya ko 'spaSTa karane ke lie bhASya likhe ge| aba taka dasa bhASya upalabdha haiN| cUrNiyAM aura cUrNikAra-cUrNiyAM gadyAtmaka haiN| inakI bhASA prAkRta yA / saMskRta-mizrita prAkRta hai| Agama granthoM para 15 cUrNiyAM milatI haiN| TIkAeM aura TIkAkAra-AgamoM ke saMskRta-TIkAkAroM ne aneka AgamoM para TIkAeM likhiiN| Agama-sAhitya kI samRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha nyAyazAstra ke sAhitya kA bhI vikAsa huaa| vaidika aura bauddha nyAyazAstriyoM ne apane-apane tattvoM ko tarka kI kasauTI para kasakara janatA ke sammukha rakhane kA yatla kiyA, taba jaina nyAyazAstrI bhI isa ora mudd'e| vikrama kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM nyAya kA jo nayA srota bahA, vaha bArahavIM meM bahuta vyApaka ho gyaa| aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM nyAyazAstriyoM kI gati kucha zithila ho gii| Agama ke vyAkhyAkAroM kI paramparA Age bhI clii| gujarAtIrAjasthAnI-mizrita bhASA meM AgamoM para stabaka likhe ge| Agama ke saikar3oM durUha sthaloM para kucha prakIrNa vyakhyAeM likhI gaIM aura kucha AgamoM para padyAtmaka vyAkhyA racI gii| - isa prakAra jaina-sAhitya Agama, Agama-vyAkhyA-sAhitya aura nyAya sAhitya se bahuta samRddha hai| . paravartI prAkRta sAhitya vikrama kI dUsarI zatI meM AcArya kundakunda hue| unhoMne adhyAtmavAda kA eka nayA srota pravAhita kiyaa| unakA jhukAva nizcaya-naya kI ora adhika thaa|

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216 jaina darzana aura saMskRti hai| kavi samayasundarajI kI racanAoM kA saMgraha agaracandajI nAhaTA ne abhI prakAzita kiyA hai| puTakara 'DhAloM' kA saMkalana kiyA jAe, to itihAsa ko naI dizAeM mila sakatI haiN| rAjasthAnI bhASAoM kA prAkRta aura apabhraMza hai| kAla-parivartana ke sAtha-sAtha dUsarI bhASAoM kA sammizraNa huA hai| rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM jaina-zailI ke lekhaka jaina-sAdhu aura yati athavA unase sambandha rakhane vAle loga haiN| inameM prAcInatA kI jhalaka milatI hai| aneka prAcIna zabda aura muhAvare isameM Age taka cale Aye haiN| jainoM kA saMbaMdha gujarAta ke sAtha vizeSa rahA hai| ata: rAjasthAnI jaina-zailI meM gujarAta kA prabhAva bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai| terApaMtha ke AcArya bhikSu ne rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM eka nayA srota bhaayaa| adhyAtma, anuzAsana, brahmacarya, dhArmika-samIkSA, rUpaka, loka kathA aura apanI anubhUtiyoM se use vyApakatA kI ora le cle| unhoMne gadya bhI bahuta likhaa| unakI sArI racanAoM kA parimANa 38,000 zloka ke lagabhaga hai| mAravAr3I ke TheTha zabdoM meM likhanA aura unakA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa karanA unakI apanI vizeSatA hai| unakI vANI kA srota krAMti aura zAnti-donoM dhArAoM meM bahA nava padArtha, vinIta-avinIta, vratAvrata, anukaMpA, zIla kI navavAr3a Adi unakI pramukha racanAeM haiN| terApaMtha ke caturtha AcArya zrImajjayAcArya rAjasthAnI bhASA ke mahAkavi the| unhoMne apane jIvana meM lagabhaga sAr3he tIna lAkha zloka-pramANa gadya-padya likhe| unakI kRtiyoM meM bhagavatI kI jor3a, uttarAdhyayana kI jor3a, bhivakhu dRSTAnta, ArAdhanA, caubIsI Adi ullekhanIya haiN| eka hI kRti bhagavatI kI jor3a, jo bhagavatI sUtra kA padyAnuvAda hai, 60,000 zloka-pramANa hai| yaha rAjasthAnI bhASA kA vizAlatama graMtha hai| __unakI lekhanI meM pratibhA kA camatkAra thaa| ve sAhitya aura adhyAtma ke kSetra meM aniruddha gati se cle| unakI saphalatA kA svata: pramANa unakI amara kRtiyA~ haiN| unakA tattva-jJAna praur3ha thaa| zraddhA, tarka aura vyutpatti kI triveNI meM Aja bhI unakA hRdaya bola rahA hai| jina-vANI para unakI aTUTa zraddhA thii| vicAra-bheda kI duniyA ke lie ve tArkika the| sAhitya, saMgIta, kalA, saMskRti-ye unake vyutpatti-kSetra the| unakA sarvatomukhI vyaktitva unake yuga-puruSa hone kI sAkSI bhara rahA hai| .

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jaina sAhitya : saMkSipta paricaya 215 mudd'e| unhoMne pahale hI caraNa meM prAkRta bhASA kI taraha saMskRta bhASA para bhI adhikAra jamA liyaa| prAdezika-sAhitya * I. pUrva pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM jaina dharma kA astitva dakSiNa bhArata meM thaa| I. pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI meM bhadrabAhu bAraha hajAra muniyoM ke sAtha dakSiNa bhArata meM ge| samrATa candragupta maurya bhI unake sAtha the| unake vahA~ jAne se dharma bahu prabhAvI ho gyaa| digambara-AcAryoM kA pramukha vihAra-kSetra dakSiNa bana gyaa| dakSiNa kI bhASAoM meM unhoMne vipula sAhitya rcaa| kannar3a aura tamila sAhitya-kannar3a bhASA meM kavi 'ponna' kA zAMtipurANa, 'paMpa' kA AdipurANa aura bhArata Aja bhI bejor3a mAnA jAtA hai| 'ratna' kA gadA-yuddha bhI bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| IsA kI dasavIM zatI se solahavIM zatI taka jaina maharSiyoM ne kAvya, vyAkaraNa, zabdakoza, jyotiSa, vaidyaka Adi vividha viSayoM para aneka grantha likhe aura karNATaka saMskRti ko paryApta samRddha bnaayaa| dakSiNa bhArata kI pA~ca dravir3a-bhASAoM meM se kannar3a eka pramukha bhASA hai| usameM jaina-sAhitya aura sAhityakAra Aja bhI amara haiN| tamila bhI dakSiNa kI prasiddha bhASA hai| isakA jaina-sAhitya bhI bahuta samRddha hai| isake pA~ca mahAkAvyoM meM se tIna mahAkAvya cintAmaNi, silappaDikAram aura dalaitApati-jaina kaviyoM dvArA racita haiN| 'nannola' tamila kA vizruta vyAkaraNa hai| kurala aura nAladiyAra jaise mahAn grantha bhI jaina maharSiyoM kI kRtiyA~ haiN| gujarAtI sAhitya-uttara bhArata zvetAmbara-AcAryoM kA vihAra-kSetra rhaa| uttara bhArata kI bhASAoM meM digambara-sAhitya pracura hai, para zvetAmbara-sAhitya kI apekSA vaha kama haiN| AcArya hemacandra ke samaya se gujarAta jaina-sAhitya aura saMskRti se prabhAvita rahA hai| AnandaghanajI, yazovijayajI Adi aneka yogiyoM aura maharSiyoM ne isa bhASA meM aneka racanAeM prastuta kii| rAjasthAnI sAhitya-rAjasthAnI meM jaina-sAhitya vizAla mAtrA meM hai| isa sahastrAbdI meM rAjasthAna jaina muniyoM kA pramukha vihAra-sthala rahA hai| yati, saMvigna, sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI--sabhI ne rAjasthAnI meM likhA hai| rAsa aura caritoM kI saMkhyA pracura hai| pUjya jayamalajI kA pradezI rAjA kA caritra bahuta hI rocaka

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214 jaina darzana aura saMskRti pravacanasAra, samayasAra aura paMcAstikAya--ye unakI pramukha racanAeM haiN| inameM AtmAnubhUti kI vANI Aja bhI unake antara-darzana kI sAkSI hai| vikrama kI dasavIM zatAbdI meM AcArya nemicandra cakravartI hue| unhoMne gommaTasAra aura labdhisAra-kSapaNasAra-ina do granthoM kI racanA kii| ye bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa mAne jAte haiN| ye prAkRta-zaurasenI bhASA kI racanAeM haiN| zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne madhyayuga meM jaina-mahArASTrI meM likhaa| vikrama kI tIsarI zatI meM zivazarma sUri ne kammapayaDI, umAsvAti ne jambUdvIpa samAsa likhaa| vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM saMghadAsa kSamAzramaNa ne vasudevahiNDI nAmaka eka kathA-grantha likhA, isakA dUsarA khaNDa dharmasenagaNI ne likhaa| isameM vAsudeva ke paryaTana ke sAtha-sAtha aneka loka-kathAoM, caritroM, vividha vastroM, utsavoM aura vinoda-sAdhanoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| jarmana vidvAn AlsaDorpha ne ise bRhatkathA ke samakakSa mAnA hai| vikrama kI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa hue| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya inakI prasiddha kRti hai| yaha jainAgamoM kI carcAoM kA eka mahAn koSa hai| vizeSaNavatI, bRhat-saMgrahaNI aura bRhat-kSetrasamAsa bhI inake mahattvapUrNa grantha haiN| haribhadrasUri vikrama kI AThavIM zatI ke vidvAn AcArya haiN| 'samarAicca-kahA' inakA prasiddha kathA-grantha hai| saMskRta-yuga meM bhI prAkRta-bhASA meM racanA kA krama calatA rahA hai| madhyakAla meM nimitta, gaNita, jyotiSa, sAmudrika zAstra, Ayurveda, mantravidyA, svapna-vidyA, zilpa-zAstra, vyAkaraNa, chanda, koza Adi viSayaka aneka grantha likhe gaye haiN| saMskRta sAhitya saMskRta aura prAkRta--ye donoM zreSTha bhASAeM haiM aura RSiyoM kI bhASAeM haiN| isa taraha Agama-praNetAoM ne saMskRta-prAkRta kI samakakSatA svIkAra karake saMskRta kA adhyayana karane ke lie jainoM kA mArga prazasta kara diyaa| saMskRta bhASA tArkikoM ke tIkhe tabANoM ke lie tUNIra bana cukI thii| isalie isa bhASA kA adhyayana karane vAloM ke lie apane vicAroM kI surakSA khatare meM thii| ata: sabhI dArzanika saMskRta bhASA ko apanAne ke lie tejI se pahala karane lge| jainAcArya bhI isa daur3a meM pIche nahIM rhe| ve samaya kI gati ko pahacAnane vAle the, isalie unakI pratibhA isa ora camakI aura svayaM isa ora

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jaina sAhitya : saMkSipta paricaya 217 hindI sAhitya vikrama kI dasavIM zatAbdI se jaina vidvAn apabhraMza kI ora jhuke| terahavIM zatI meM AcArya hemacaMdra ne apane prasiddha vyAkaraNa siddha-hemazabdAnuzAsana meM isakA bhI vyAkaraNa likhaa| usameM udAharaNa-sthaloM meM aneka utkRSTa koTi ke dohe uddhRta kie haiN| zvetAmbara aura digambara, donoM paramparAoM ke manISI isI bhASA meM purANa, mahApurANa, stotra Adi likhate hI cale ge| mahAkavi svayambhU ne padmacarita likhaa| caturmukhadeva, kavi raidhU, mahAkavi puSpadaMta ke purANa apabhraMza meM haiN| yogIndra kA yogasAgara aura paramAtmaprakAza saMta-sAhitya ke pratIka graMtha haiN| __ aneka jaina AcArya, muni aura bahuzruta manISI nae-nae sAhitya kA sRjana kara hindI sAhitya bhaMDAra ko bhara rahe haiN| terApaMtha ke AcAryazrI tulasI tathA aneka muniyoM ne isa dizA meM abhUtapUrva yogadAna kiyA hai| jaina AgamoM ko hindI meM vyAkhyAyita karane kA unakA saMkalpa kriyAnvita ho rahA hai aura sAtha-sAtha sAmayika viSayoM para zatAdhika grantha likhe jA cuke haiN| Aja bhI manISI muni isa ora gatizIla haiN| jaina dhyAna-yoga kI vilupta paramparA kA saMdhAna karane vAle aneka grantha hindI meM prakAza stambha bana cuke haiN| abhyAsa 1. Agama-sAhitya kA saMkSipta paricaya dete hue batAeM ki ise lipibaddha kaba. kyoM aura kisake dvArA kiyA gayA? 2. Agama ke vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya kA paricaya deN| 3. prAkRta ke atirikta jaina sAhitya kina-kina bhASAoM meM upalabdha haiM? 000

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khaNDa 3 saMskRti

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1 jaina saMskRti : mUla AdhAra tyAga aura tapa jaina saMskRti vrAtyoM kI saMskRti hai / vrAtya zabda kA mUla vrata hai / usakA artha hai--saMyama aura saMvara / vaha AtmA ke sAnnidhya aura bAhya jagat ke prati anAsakti kA sUcaka hai / vrata kA upajIvI tattva tapa hai / usake udbhava kA mUla jIvana kA samarpaNa hai / jaina paramparA tapa ko ahiMsA, samanvaya, maitrIM aura kSamA ke rUpa meM mAnya karatI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ajJAnapUrNa tapa kA utanA hI virodha kiyA hai, jitanA ki jJAnapUrNa tapa kA samarthana / ahiMsA ke pAlana meM bAdhA na Ae, utanA tapa saba sAdhakoM ke lie Avazyaka hai| vizeSa tapa unhIM ke lie hai-- jinameM Atmabala yA daihika virAga tIvratama ho / nirgantha zabda aparigraha aura jaina zabda kaSAya-vijaya kA pratIka hai| isa prakAra jaina-saMskRti AdhyAtmikatA, tyAga, sahiSNutA, ahiMsA, samanvaya, maitrI, kSamA, aparigraha aura Atma-vijaya kI dhArAoM kA pratinidhitva karatI huI vibhinna yugoM meM vibhinna nAmoM dvArA abhivyakta huI hai / eka zabda meM jaina-saMskRti tyAga - mUlaka hai / jaina - vicAradhArA kI bahumUlya dena saMyama hai| duHkha-sukha ko hI jIvana kA hrAsa aura vikAsa mata samajho / saMyama jIvana kA vikAsa hai aura asaMyama hrAsa / asaMyamI thor3oM ko vyAvahArika lAbha pahu~cA sakatA hai, kintu vaha chalanA, krUratA aura zoSaNa ko nahIM tyAga sakatA / saMyamI thor3oM kA vyAvahArika hita na sAdha sake, phira bhI vaha sabake prati nizchala, dayAlu aura zoSaNa mukta rahatA hai| manuSya jIvana ucca saMskArI bane, isake lie ucca vRttiyA~ cAhie; jaise-- 1. Arjava yA RjubhAva, jisase vizvAsa bar3he / : 2. mArdava yA dayAlutA, jisase maitrI bar3he / 3. lAghava yA namratA, jisase sahRdayatA bar3he /

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222 jaina darzana aura saMskRti 4. kSamA yA sahiSNutA, jisase dhairya bddh'e| 5. zauca yA pavitratA, jisase ekatA bddh'e| 6. satya yA prAmANikatA, jisase nirbhayatA bddh'e| 7. mAdhyasthya yA AgrahahInatA, jisase satya-svIkAra kI zakti bddh'e| kintu ina sabako saMyama kI apekSA hai| 'eka hI sAdhai saba sadhai'-saMyama kI sAdhanA ho, to saba sadha jAte haiM, nahIM to nhiiN| jaina vicAradhArA isa tathya ko pUrNatA kA madhya-bindu mAnakara calatI hai| ahiMsA isI kI upaja hai, jo 'jaina vicaraNA' kI sarvopari dena mAnI jAtI hai| ahiMsA. aura mukti-zramaNa-saMskRti kI ye do aisI Aloka rekhAeM haiM, jinase jIvana ke vAstavika mUlyoM ko dekhane kA avasara milatA hai| jaba jIvana kA dharma ahiMsA yA kaSTa-sahiSNutA aura sAdhya-mukti yA svAtaMtrya bana jAtA hai, taba vyakti, samAja aura rASTra kI unnati roke nahIM ruktii| ahiMsA kA vikAsa saMyama ke AdhAra para huA hai| ata: ahiMsA kA upadeza karuNA kI bhAvanA se utpanna na hokara saMsAra se pavitra rahane kI bhAvanA para AdhRta hai| kArya ke AcaraNa se nahIM, adhikatara pUrNa banane ke AcaraNa se saMbaMdhita hai| .... ___ yaha saca hai ki ahiMsA ke upadeza meM sabhI jIvoM ke samAna svabhAva ko mAna liyA gayA hai parantu isakA AvirbhAva karuNA se nahIM huA hai| bhAratIya saMnyAsa meM akarma kA sAdhAraNa siddhAnta hI isakA kAraNa hai| sAmAnya dhAraNA yaha hai ki jaina-saMskRti nirAzAvAda yA palAyanavAda kI pratIka hai| kintu yaha cintana pUrNa nahIM hai| jaina-saMskRti kA mUla tattvavAda hai| kalpanAvAda meM korI AzA hotI hai| tattvavAda meM AzA aura nirAzA kA yathArtha aMkana hotA hai| '. parigraha ke lie sAmAjika prANI kAmanAeM karate haiN| jaina upAsakoM kA kAmanA-sUtra hai 1. kaba maiM alpa-mUlya evaM bahu-mUlya parigraha kA pratyAkhyAna kruuNgaa| 2. kaba maiM muNDa ho, gRhasthapana chor3a, sAdhuvrata svIkAra kruuNgaa| 3. kaba maiM apazcima-mAraNAntikasaMlekhanA yAnI antima anazana meM zarIra ko jhoMsakara--juTAkara aura bhUmi para girI huI vRkSa kI DAlI kI taraha aDola rakhakara mRtyu kI abhilASA na karatA huA vicruuNgaa| jainAcArya dhArmika vicAra meM bahuta hI udAra rahe haiN| unhoMne apane anuyAyiyoM ko kevala dhArmika netRtva diyaa| unheM parivartanazIla sAmAjika

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jaina, saMskRti : mUla AdhAra .. 223 vyavasthA meM kabhI nahIM baaNdhaa| samAja-vyavasthA ko samAjazAstriyoM ke lie surakSita chor3a diyaa| dhArmika vicAroM ke ekatva kI dRSTi se jaina-samAja hai, kintu sAmAjika baMdhanoM kI dRSTi se jaina-samAja kA koI astitva nahIM hai| jaina-saMskRti kA rUpa sadA vyApaka rahA hai| usakA dvAra sabake lie khulA rahA hai| usa vyApaka dRSTikoNa kA mUla asAMpradAyikatA aura jAtIyatA kA abhAva hai| vyavahAra-dRSTikoNa meM jainoM ke sampradAya haiM para unhoMne dharma ko sampradAya ke sAtha nahIM baaNdhaa| ve jaina-sampradAyoM ko nahIM, jainatva ko mahattva dete haiN| jainatva kA artha hai-samyak darzana, samyak jJAna, samyak cAritra kI AradhAnA / __kabhI-kabhI eka vicAra praspuTita hotA hai-jaina-dharma ke ahiMsA siddhAMta ne bhArata ko kAyara banA diyA, para yaha satya se bahuta dUra hai| ahiMsaka kabhI-kAyara nahIM hotaa| yaha kAyaratA aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa paratantratA hiMsA ke utkarSa se, ApasI vaimanasya se AyI aura taba AyI, jaba jaina-dharma ke prabhAva se bhAratIya mAnasa dUra ho rahA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne samAja ke jo naitika mUlya sthira kie, unameM do bAteM sAmAjika rAjanaitika dRSTi se bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa thIM- .. 1. anAkramaNa-saMkalpI hiMsA kA tyAga / 2. icchA parimANa-parigraha kA siimaakrnn| yaha lokataMtra yA samAjavAda kA pradhAna sUtra hai| vArANasI * saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya ke upakulapati zrI AdityanAtha jhA ne isa tathya ko ina zabdoM meM abhivyakta kiyA hai--"bhAratIya jIvana meM prajJA aura cAritra kA samanvaya jaina aura bauddhoM kI vizepa dena hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra satya-mArga paramparA kA andhAnukaraNa nahIM hai, pratyuta tarka aura upapattiyoM se sammata tathA bauddhika rUpa se saMtulita dRSTikoNa hI satya-mArga hai| isa dRSTikoNa kI prApti taba saMbhava hai, jaba mithyA vizvAsa pUrNata: dUra ho jaae| isa bauddhika AdhAra-zilA para hI ahisA. satya. aste ya. brahmacarya. aparigraha ke bala se samyak cAritra ko pratiSThita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ____ "jaina-dharma kA AcArazAstra bhI janataMtravAdI bhAvanAoM se anuprANita hai| janmata: sabhI vyakti samAna haiM aura pratyeka vyakti apanI sAmarthya aura ruci ke. anusAra gRhastha yA muni ho sakatA hai|" "aparigraha saMbaMdhI jaina dhAraNA bhI vizeSata: ullekhanIya hai| Aja isa bAta para adhikAdhika bala dene kI AvazyakatA hai, jaisA ki prAcIna kAla ke jaina vicArakoM ne kiyA thaa| 'parimita parigraha'-unakA Adarza vAkya thaa| jaina /

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224 . jaina darzana aura saMskRti vicArakoM ke anusAra parimita parigraha kA siddhAnta pratyaka gRhastha ke lie anivArya rUpa se AcaraNIya thaa| sambhavata: bhAratIya AkAza meM samAjavAdI samAja ke vicArakoM kA yaha prathama udghoSa thaa|" .. pratyeka AtmA meM ananta zakti ke vikAsa kI kSamatA, Atmika samAnatA, kSamA, maitrI, vicAro kA anAgraha Adi ke bIja jaina-dharma ne hI boye the| mahAtmA gAMdhI kA nimitta pA, Aja ve kevala bhArata ke hI nahIM, vizva kI rAjanIti ke kSetra meM pallavita ho rahe haiN| kalA jaina-paramparA meM kalA zabda bahuta hI vyApaka-artha meM vyavahRta huA hai| bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne apane rAjyakAla meM puruSoM ke lie bahattara aura striyoM ke lie causaTha kalAoM kA nirUpaNa kiyaa| TIkAkAroM ne kalA kA artha bastu-parijJAna kiyA hai| isameM lekha gaNita, citra, nRtya, gAyana, yuddha, kAvya, vezabhUSA, sthApatya, pAka manoraMjana Adi aneka parijJAnoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| dharma bhI eka kalA hai| yaha jIvana kI sabase bar3I kalA hai| jIvana ke sArasya kI anubhUti karane vAle tapasviyoM ne kahA hai-"jo vyakti saba kalAoM meM pravara dharma-kalA ko nahIM jAnatA, vaha bahattara kalAoM meM kuzala hote hue bhI akuzala hai|" jaina-dharma kA AtmapakSa dharma-kalA ke unnayana meM hI saMlagna rhaa| bahiraMga-pakSa sAmAjika hotA hai| samAja-vicAra ke sAtha-sAtha lalita kalA kA bhI vistAra huaa| citrakalA jaina-citrakalA kA zrI gaNeza tattva-prakAzana se hotA hai| guru apane ziSyoM ko vizva-vyavasthA ke tattva 'sthApanA' ke dvArA samajhAte haiN| sthApanA tadAkAra aura atadAkAra donoM prakAra kI hotI hai| tadAkAra sthApanA ke do prayojana haiM-tattva-prakAzana aura smRti / tattva-prakAzana-hetuka sthApanA ke AdhAra para citrakalA aura smRti-hetuka sthApanA ke AdhAra para mUrtikalA kA vikAsa huaa| tAr3apatra aura pattoM para graMtha likhe gae aura unameM citra citrita kiye ge| vikrama kI dUsarI sahasrAbdI meM hajAroM aisI pratiyAM likhI gaIM, jo kalAtmaka citrAkRtiyoM ke kAraNa amUlya haiN| tAr3apatrIya yA patrIya pratiyoM ke puTThoM, cAturmAsika prArthanAoM, kalyANa-maMdira, bhaktAmara Adi stotroM ke citroM ko dekhe binA madhyakAlIna citrakalA kA itihAsa adhUrA hI rahatA hai|

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jaina saMskRti : mUla AdhAra 225 __yogI mArA giriguhA (rAmagar3ha kI pahAr3I, saragUjA) aura sitanna-vAsala (padukoTai rAjya). ke bhitti-citra atyanta prAcIna aura sundara haiN| citrakalA kI vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie 'jaina citra kalpadruma' dekhanA caahie| lipi-kalA akSara-vinyAsa bhI eka sukumAra kalA hai| jaina sAdhuoM ne ise bahuta hI vikasita kiyaa| ve saundarya aura sundaratA-donoM dRSTiyoM se ise unnati ke zikhara taka le ge| pandraha sau varSa pahale likhane kA kArya prArambha huA aura vaha aba taka vikAsa pAtA rahA hai| lekhana-kalA meM yatiyoM kA kauzala vizeSa rUpa se prasphuTita huA hai| terApaMtha ke sAdhuoM ne bhI isa kalA meM camatkAra pradarzita kiyA hai| sUkSma lipi meM yaha agraNI hai| kaI muniyoM ne gyAraha iMca lambe aura pA~ca iMca caur3e panne meM lagabhaga assI hajAra akSara likhe haiN| aise patra Aja taka apUrva mAne jAte rahe haiN| jaina stUpa ___ bhAratIya sthApatya-bhavana nirmANa evaM mUrti kalA kSetra meM jaina paramparAeM ati prAcIna haiN| mathurA ke pAsa sthita kaMkAlI TIle kA utkhanana karake purAvidoM ne eka ati prAcIna stUpa ke bhagnAvazeSa nikAle haiM, jo DaoN. phUharar ke zabdoM meM bhArata meM banI prAcInatama imArata hai| golAkAra tala ke gola cabUtare para jaina paddhati se DholanumA imArata banI hai, jisameM arddhagolAkAra pradakSiNA-patha, Ar3I paTariyA~ aura cAroM dizAoM meM . toraNadvAra bane haiN| vahIM mile eka penala para stUpa kI AkRti banI hai aura penala para koTTiyANa, thAniya kula aura vaira zAkhA ke ullekha ke sAtha saMvat 95 kA lekha likhA hai| stUpa kI khudAI se saiMkar3oM mUrti, zilAlekha aura kalAtmaka upakaraNa mile haiN| mUrtikalA aura sthApatya-kalA sabase prAcIna jaina-mUrti paTanA ke lohanIpura sthAna se prApta huI hai| yaha mUrti mauryakAla kI mAnI jAtI hai aura paTanA myUjimaya meM rakhI huI hai| isakI camakadAra paoNliza abhI taka bhI jyoM kI tyoM banI hai| mathurA, lakhanaU, prayAga

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti 226 Adi ke myUjiyamoM meM bhI aneka jaina-mUrtiyA~ maujUda haiN| inameM se kucha gupta - kAlIna haiM / mathurA meM caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara vardhamAna mahAvIra kI eka mUrti milI hai jo kumAragupta ke samaya meM taiyAra kI gaI thI / vAstava meM mathurA meM jaina - mUrtikalA kI dRSTi se bhI bahuta kAma huA hai| khaNDagirI aura udayagirI meM I.pU. 188-30 taka kI zuMgakAlIna mUrti - zilpa ke adbhuta cAturya ke darzana hote haiM / vahA~ kI isa kAla kI kaTI huI sau ke lagabhaga jaina guphAeM haiM, jinameM mUrti - zilpa bhI hai| dakSiNa bhArata ke alagAmale nAmaka sthAna meM khudAI meM jaina- mUrtiyA~ upalabdha huI haiM, unakA samaya I.pU. 300-200 ke lagabhaga batAyA jAtA hai| una mUrtiyoM kI saumyAkRti drAvir3akalA meM anupama mAnI jAtI hai| zravaNa belagolA kI prasiddha jaina-mUrti to saMsAra kI adbhuta vastuoM meM se hai / yaha gomaTezvara bAhubalI kI sattAvana phuTa UMcI mUrti eka hI patthara meM utkIrNa hai / isakI sthApanA rAjamalla nareza ke pradhAnamantrI tathA senApati cAmuNDarAya ne I. san 983 meM kI thI / yaha apane anupama saundarya aura adbhuta kAnti se pratyeka vyakti ko apanI ora AkRSTa kara letI hai| yaha vi'zva ko jaina - mUrtikalA kI anupama dena hai / madhya bhArata (vaDavAnI) meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI 84 phuTa UMcI mUrti eziyA kI sabase bar3I mUrti mAnI jAtI hai / jaina mUrtikalA kA vikAsa mathurA - kAla se huA / jaina sthApatya kalA ke sarvAdhika prAcIna avazeSa udayagiri, khaNDagiri evaM jUnAgar3ha kI guphAoM meM milate haiM / uttaravartI sthApatya kI dRSTi se cittaur3a kA 'kIrti stambha', AbU ke mandira evaM raNakapura ke jaina mandiroM ke stambha bhAratIya zailI ke rakSaka rahe haiM / " parva aura tyauhAra jainoM ke mukhya parva cAra haiM1. akSaya tRtIya 3. mahAvIra jayantI 2. paryuSaNa aura dasa lakSaNa 4. dIpAvalI akSaya tRtIyA parva kA sambandha Adya tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhanAtha se hai / unhoMne vaizAkha sudI tRtIyA ke dina bAraha mahInoM kI tapasyA kA ikSu-rasa se pAraNA kiyA / isalie vaha ikSu tRtIyA yA akSaya tRtIyA kahalAtI hai / 1. AbU Adi ke viSaya meM vistRta carcA "jainoM ke kucha viziSTa sthala" ke antargata Age kI gaI hai|

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jaina saMskRti : mUla AdhAra 227 paryuSaNa parva ArAdhanA kA parva hai| bhAdra badI 12 yA 13 se bhAdra sudI 4 yA 5 taka yaha parva manAyA jAtA hai| isameM tapasyA, svAdhyAya, dhyAna Adi Atmazodhaka pravRttiyoM kI ArAdhanA kI jAtI hai| isakA antima dina samvatsarI kahalAtA hai| varSabhara kI bhUloM ke lie kSamA lenA aura kSamA denA isakI vizeSatA hai| yaha parva maitrI aura ujjvalatA kA saMdezavAhaka hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhAdra zuklA paMcamI se caturdazI taka dasalakSaNa parva manAyA jAtA hai| isameM pratidina kSamA Adi dasa dharmoM meM se eka-eka dharma kI ArAdhanA kI jAtI hai, ise dasa lakSaNa parva kahA jAtA hai| dazalakSaNa parva kA samApana caturdazI ke dina hotA hai jise "ananta caturdazI" kahA jAtA hai| mahAvIra jayantI caitra zuklA 13 ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janma divasa ke upalakSa meM manAI jAtI hai| dIpAvalI kA sambandha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa se hai| prAcInatama jaina graMthoM se yaha bAta spaSTa zabdoM meM kahI gaI hai ki kArtika kRSNA caturdazI kI rAtri tathA amAvasyA ke prabhAta ke bIca sandhi-velA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nirvANa prApta kiyA thA tathA isa avasara para devoM tathA indroM ne dIpamAlikA sajAI thii| __ AcArya jinasena ne harivaMzapurANa meM spaSTa zabdoM meM svIkAra kiyA hai ki dIpAvalI kA mahotsava bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa kI smRti meM manAyA jAtA hai| dIpAvalI kI utpatti ke sambandha meM yahI prAcInatama pramANa hai| abhyAsa 1. jaina saMskRti ke mUla AdhAra ko spaSTa kreN| 2. jaina kalAoM para vistAra se prakAza ddaaleN| 300

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jaina dharma kA prasAra jaina dharma kA prabhutva __ bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi, tapobhUmi aura vihArabhUmi bihAra thaa| isalie mahAvIra-kAlIna jaina-dharma pahale bihAra meM pallavita huaa| kAlakrama meM vaha baMgAla, ur3IsA, uttara bhArata, dakSiNa bhArata, gujarAta, mahArASTra, madhyaprAMta aura rAjapUtAnA meM phailaa| vikrama kI sahasrAbdI ke pazcAt zaiva, liMgAyata, vaiSNava Adi vaidika sampradAyoM ke prabala virodha ke kAraNa jainadharma kA prabhAva sImita ho gyaa| anuyAyiyoM kI alpa saMkhyA hone para bhI jaina-dharma kA saiddhAMtika prabhAva bhAratIya cetanA para vyApta rhaa| bIca-bIca meM prabhAvazAlI jainAcArya use ubuddha karate rhe| vikrama kI bArahavIM zatAbdI meM gujarAta kA vAtAvaraNa jaina-dharma se prabhAvita thaa| gurjara-nareza jayasiMha aura kumArapAla ne jaina-dharma ko bahuta hI prazraya diyA aura kumArapAla kA jIvana jaina-AcAra kA pratIka bana gayA thaa| samrATa akabara bhI hIravijayasUri se prabhAvita the| amerikI dArzanika vila DyUrenTa ne likhA hai--"akabara ne jainoM ke kahane para zikAra chor3a diyA thA aura kucha, niyata tithiyoM para pazu-hatyAeM roka dI thiiN| jaina-dharma ke prabhAva se hI akabara ne apane dvArA pracArita dIna-e-ilAhI nAmaka sampradAya meM mA~sa-bhakSaNa ke niSedha kA niyama rakhA thaa|" jaina maMtrI, daNDanAyaka aura adhikAriyoM ke jIvana-vRtta bahuta hI vizruta haiN| ve vidhI rAjAoM ke lie bhI vizvAsapAtra rahe haiN| unakI prAmANikatA aura kartavyaniSThA kI vyApaka pratiSThA thii| jainatva kA aMkana padArthoM se nahIM, kintu cAritrika mUlyoM se hI ho sakatA hai| . bhagavAn mahAvIra ke yuga meM jaina dharma bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM phailaa| samrATa azoka ke pautra saMprati ne jaina-dharma kA saMdeza bhArata se bAhara bhI phuNcaayaa| usa samaya jaina-muniyoM kA bihAra-kSetra bhI vistRta huaa| zrI vizvambharanAtha pAMDe ne ahiMsaka paramparA kI carcA karate hue likhA hai-"IsavI

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jaina dharma kA prasAra 229 san kI pahalI zatAbdI meM aura usake bAda ke hajAra varSoM taka jaina-dharma madhyapUrva ke dezoM meM kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM yahUdI dharma, IsAI dharma aura islAma dharma ko prabhAvita karatA rahA hai|" prasiddha jarmana itihAsa-lekhaka bAna kremara ke anusAra madhya-pUrva meM pracalita 'samAniyA' sampradAya 'zramaNa' zabda kA apabhraMza hai| itihAsa lekhaka jI.epha. mUra likhatA hai ki 'hajarata IsA ke janma kI zatAbdI se pUrva isaka, syAma aura philistIna meM jaina-muni aura bauddha bhikSu saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM phaile hue the|' 'siyAhata nAma e nAsira' kA lekhaka likhatA hai ki islAma dharma ke kalandarI tabake para jaina-dharma kA kAphI prabhAva par3A thaa| kalandara cAra niyamoM kA pAlana karate the--sAdhutA, zuddhatA, satyatA aura dridrtaa| ve ahiMsA para akhaNDa vizvAsa rakhate the| jaina-dharma kA prasAra ahiMsA, zAnti, maitrI aura saMyama kA prasAra thaa| isalie usa yuga ko bhAratIya itihAsa kA svarNa yuga kahA jAtA hai| suprasiddha itihAsakAra pI.sI. rAyacaudharI ke anusAra--"yaha dharma dhIre-dhIre phailA, jisa prakAra IsAI-dharma kA pracAra yUropa meM dhIre-dhIre huaa| zreNika, kuNika cadragupta, saMprati, khAravela tathA anya rAjAoM ne jaina-dharma ko apnaayaa| ve zatAbda bhArata ke hindUzAsana ke vaibhavapUrNa yuga the, jina yugoM meM jaina-dharma-sA mahAn dharma pracArita huaa|" bhagavAn mahAvIra ke yuga meM bhArata meM gaNatantra aura rAjatantra donoM prakAra kI zAsana-praNAliyA~ pracalita thiiN| aneka rAjA mahAvIra ke bhakta the| aneka rAjA jaina paramparA meM dIkSita hue| zreNika, kUNika, udAyi Adi rAjAoM ke pazcAt nanda rAjAoM ne jaina dharma ko saMrakSaNa diyaa| nandoM ke uttarAdhikArI rAjA jaina dharma ke prazraya dAtA rahe haiN| candragupta maurya dRr3ha jaina thaa| vaha AcArya bhadrabAhu ke sAtha dakSiNa gayA aura usane dakSiNa bhArata meM karnATaka pradeza kI 'candragiri' pahAr3I para samAdhipUrNa maraNa prApta kiyaa| samrATa azoka kA putra kuNAla jaina dharmAvalambI thaa| vaha ujjayinI pradeza kA rAjyapAla thaa| mahArAja azoka kA putra kuNAla aMdhA ho gayA thaa| usake putra kA nAma samprati thaa| samprati ne apane parAkrama se dakSiNApatha, saurASTra AMdhra tathA dravir3a dezoM para vijaya prApta kI thii| usane apane adhInastha rAjAoM ko jaina dharma kI vizeSatAoM se paricita karAyA aura jaina muniyoM ke vihAra kI dekha-rekha karane kA nirdeza diyaa| jaina-muniyoM kA vihAra-kSetra vistRta ho gyaa| saMprati ke prayAsa se hI jaina muni AMdhra, dravir3a, mahArASTra Adi sImA-sthita pradezoM meM jAne-Ane lge| usane I.pU. 232 se 290 taka lagabhaga 42 varSa taka rAjya

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230 jaina darzana aura saMskRti kiyaa| AcArya suhastI usake dharma guru the| lagabhaga 60 varSa kI Ayu meM usakI mRtyu huii| jaina dharma ke uddhAraka ke rUpa meM mahArAja saMprati kA nAma prasiddha hai| bauddha dharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke lie azoka ne jo kAma kiyA, usase adhika samprati ne jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke lie kiyaa| samrAT samprati ko "parama-Arhat" kahA gayA hai| unhoMne anArya-dezoM meM zramaNoM kA vihAra karavAyA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kAla meM bihAra ke lie jo Arya-kSetra kI sImA thI, vaha saMprati ke kAla meM bahuta vistRta ho gaI thii| samrAT saMprati ko bhArata ke tIna khaNDoM kA adhipati kahA gayA hai| jayacaMdra vidyAlaMkAra ne likhA hai--'saMprati ko ujjaina meM jaina AcArya suhastI ne apane dharma kI dIkSA dii| usake bAda samprati ne jaina-dharma ke lie vahI kAma kiyA jo azoka ne bauddha dharma ke lie kiyA thaa| cAhe candragupta ke aura cAhe saMprati ke samaya meM jaina-dharma kI buniyAda tAmila bhArata ke nae rAjyoM meM bhI jA jamI, isameM saMdeha nhiiN| uttara-pazcima meM anArya dezoM meM bhI samprati ne. jaina-pracAraka bheje aura vahA~ jaina-sAdhuoM ke lie aneka vihAra sthApita kie| azoka aura saMprati donoM ke kArya se Arya saMskRti eka vizvazakti bana gaI aura AryAvarta kA prabhAva bhAratavarSa kI sImAoM ke bAhara taka pahu~ca gyaa| azoka kI taraha usake putra ne bhI aneka imArateM bnvaaiiN| rAjapUtAnA kI kaI jaina-imArateM usake samaya kI kahI jAtI haiN|" kucha vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki jo zilAlekha azoka ke nAma se prasiddha haiM, unameM se kucha samrAT saMprati ne likhavAe the| suprasiddha jyotirvida zrI sUryanArAyaNa vyAsa ne bhI yaha pramANita kiyA hai ki samrATa azoka ke nAma ke lekha samrAT saMprati ke haiN| ur3IsA kA rAjA khAravela bhI kaTTara jaina dharmAvalambI thaa| usakA janma lagabhaga I.pU. 190 meM huaa| pandraha varSa kI Ayu meM unheM yuvarAja-pada prApta huaa| 25 varSa kI Ayu meM unakA rAjyAbhiSeka huaa| unhoMne lagabhaga 13 varSa taka rAjya kiyaa| ve kaliMga (ur3IsA) ke samartha zAsaka the| inakA vaMza 'ceti' thaa| unhoMne parAkrama se aneka dezoM ko jItakara apane rAjya meM milAyA, rAjya prApti ke terahaveM varSa meM zrAvaka vrata svIkAra kie| unhoMne kevala teraha varSa taka rAjya kiyA, kintu kaliMga kA prabhAva sAre bhArata para vyApaka ho gayA, zeSa jIvana inhoMne dharmArAdhanA meM bitaayaa| inakA itihAsa-prasiddha hAthIgumphA zilAlekha ur3IsA pradeza ke purI jile meM sthita bhuvanezvara se tIna mIla dUrI para udayagiri parvata para bane hue hAthIgumpA

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jaina dharma kA prasAra 231 maMdira ke mukha evaM chata para utkIrNa hai| isakI tithi I. pU. 152 mAnI jAtI hai / isa zilAlekha kA prArambha arhatoM aura siddhoM kI vaMdanA se hotA hai / usameM yaha bhI likhA gayA ki I.pU. 153 meM kumArI parvata para unhoMne jaina muniyoM aura zrAvakoM kA mahA sammelana kiyA aura usameM dvAdazAMgI zruta ke uddhAra ke lie prayatna kiyA / khAravela ke pazcAt bhI ur3IsA meM lagabhaga sAta zatAbdiyoM taka jaina dharma kA prabhutva rahA / 1 isa prakAra eka sahasrAbdI taka uttara evaM dakSiNa bhArata ke vibhinna sthAnoM para jaina matAvalambI rAje, maMtrI, koTapAla, koSAdhyakSa Adi the / gujarAta, saurASTra Adi pradezoM meM usake pazcAt bhI jaina dharma kA prabhutva banA rhaa| jaina-dharma bhArata ke vividha aJcaloM meM bihAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM unakA dharma prajA ke atirikta aneka rAjAoM dvArA svIkRta thA / vajjiyoM ke zaktizAlI gaNatantra ke pramukha rAjA ceTaka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zrAvaka the / ve pahale se hI jaina the / ve bhagavAn pArzva kI paramparA ko mAnya karate the / vajjI gaNatantra kI rAjadhAnI 'vaizAlI' thI. 1... vahA~ jaina-dharma bahuta prabhAvazAlI thA / magadha meM bhI jaina-dharma prabhAvazAlI thaa| magadha samrATa zreNika kI rAnI cellaNA ceTaka kI putrI thI / yaha zreNika ko nigraMtha dharma kA anuyAyI banAne kA satata prayatna karatI thIM aura anta meM usakA prayatna saphala ho gayA / zreNika kA putra kUNika bhI jaina thaa| jaina AgamoM meM mahAvIra aura kUNika ke aneka prasaMga haiM / magadha-zAsaka zizunAga vaMza ke bAda naMda vaMza kA rAjya vartamAna bambaI ke sudUra dakSiNa godAvarI taka phailA huA thA / usa samaya magadha aura kaliMga meM jaina-dharma kA prabhutva thA hI, parantu anyAnya pradezoM meM bhI usakA prabhutva bar3ha rahA thA / naMda-vaMza kI samApti huI aura magadha kI sAmrAjyazrI maurya vaMza ke hAtha meM AI / usakA pahalA samrAT candragupta thA / usane uttara bhArata meM jaina-dharma kA bahuta vistAra kiyA / pUrva aura pazcima bhI usase kAphI prabhAvita hue / samrAT candragupta apane antima jIvana meM muni bane aura zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke sAtha dakSiNa meM gae the| candragupta ke putra biMdusAra aura unake putra azokazrI ( samrATa azoka) hue / azoka ke uttarAdhikArI unake pautra samprati 1

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232 jaina darzana aura saMskRti baMgAla . rAjanItika dRSTi se prAcIna kAla meM baMgAla kA bhAgya magadha ke sAtha jur3A huA thaa| naMdoM aura mauryoM ne gaMgA kI usa nicalI ghATI para apanA adhikAra banAe rkhaa| kuSANoM ke samaya meM baMgAla unake zAsana se bAhara rahA, parantu guptoM ne usa para apanA adhikAra phira sthApita kiyaa| gupta sAmrAjya ke patana ke pazcAt baMgAla meM choTe -choTe aneka rAjya uTha khar3e hue| bhagavAn mahAvIra vajrabhUmi (bIrabhoma) meM gae the| usa samaya vaha anArya-pradeza kahalAtA thaa| usase pUrva baMgAla meM bhagavAn pArzva kA hI dharma pracalita thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtaveM paTTadhara zranakavalI zrI bhadrabAhu pauNDravardhana (uttarI baMgAla) ke pramukha nagara koTTapura ke somazarmA purohita ke putra the| unake ziSya sthavira godAsa se godAsa-gaNa kA pravartana huaa| usakI cAra zAkhAeM thIM-tAmalittiyA, koDivarisiyA, puNDabaddhaNiyA (poMDavaddhaNiyA), daasiikhbbddiyaa| tAmalittiyoM kA sambandha baMgAla kI mukhya rAjadhAnI tAmraliptI se hai| koDivarisiyA kA sambandha rADha kI rAjadhAnI koTi-varSa se hai| poMDabaddhaNiyA kA sambandha pauMDra-uttarI baMgAla se hai| dAsIkhabbaDiyA kA sambandha kharavaTa se hai| ina cAroM baMgAlI zAkhAoM se baMgAla meM jaina-dharma ke sArvajanika prasAra kI samyak jAnakArI milatI hai| ur3IsA . I. pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI meM ur3IsA meM jaina-dharma bahuta prabhAvazAlI thaa| samrATa khAravela kA udayagiri parvata para hAthIguMphA kA zilAlekha isakA svayaMbhU pramANa hai| lekha kA prArambha-'namo arahaMtANaM, namo sava-sidhAna'--isa vAkya se hotA hai| uttara-pradeza bhagavAn pArzva vArANasI ke the| kAzI aura kauzala-ye donoM rAjya unake dharmopadeza se bahuta prabhAvita the| vArANasI kA alakSya rAjA bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa pravajita huA thaa| uttarAdhyayana meM pravajita hone vAle rAjAoM kI sUcI meM kAzIrAja ke pravajita hone kA bhI ullekha hai| uttara bhArata meM bhI jaina dharma kA prabhutva banA rhaa| kabhI vaha kama ho jAtA aura kabhI bar3ha jaataa| kuSANa samrAToM ke zAsanakAla (I. 75-250) taka,

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jaina dharma kA prasAra 233 vizeSakara mathurA janapada meM jaina-dharma unnata aura prabhAvazAlI rhaa| tIsarI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga jaba kuSANoM kI parAjaya huI, taba jaina-dharma kA prabhAva bhI ghaTa gayA, kintu Agantuka bhadraka, arjunAyana Adi yuddhopajIvI gaNarAjya jainoM ke prati sahiSNu bane rhe| jaina muniyoM ke viharaNa meM koI bAdhA nahIM aaii| guptakAla kA prArambha lagabhaga I. 320 mAnA jAtA hai| gupta-nareza yadyapi jaina nahIM the, phira bhI ve jaina-dharma ke prati-sahiSNu the| unakA varcasva chaThI zatAbdI ke madhya taka rhaa| kannauja kA pratApI samrATa harSavardhana (I. 606-647) kA vizeSa jhukAva jaina-dharma kI ora nahIM thA. phira bhI vaha jaina vidvAnoM kA samarthaka aura pratiSThApaka thaa| rAjasthAna bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt marusthala (vartamAna rAjasthAna) meM jaina-dharma kA prabhAva bar3ha gayA thaa| AcArya ratnaprabhasUri vIra-nirvANa kI pahalI zatAbdI meM upakeza yA osiyAM meM Ae the| unhoMne vahA~ osiyAM ke savA lAkha nAgarikoM ko jaina-dharma meM dIkSita kiyA aura unheM eka jaina-jAti (osavAla) ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diyaa| yaha ghaTanA vIra-nirvANa ke 70 varSa bAda kI hai| ajamera ke nikaTa baDalI (grAma) meM vIra-nirvANa saMvat 84 kA eka zilAlekha upalabdha huA hai, usase bhI yahA~ jaina dharma ke vyApaka prasAra kA patA lagatA hai| paMjAba (hariyANA) aura sindhu-sauvIra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sAdhuoM ke vihAra ke lie cAroM dizAoM kI sImA nirdhArita kI, usame pazcimI sImA 'sthUNA' (kurukSetra) hai| isase jAna par3atA hai ki paMjAba kA sthUNA taka kA bhAga jaina-dharma se prabhAvita thaa| sAr3he paccIsa Arya-dezoM kI sUcI meM bhI kuru kA nAma hai| sidhu-sauvIra dIrghakAla se zramaNa-saMskRti se prabhAvita thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra mahArAja udAyaNa ko dIkSita karane vahA~ padhAre the| madhya-pradeza gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga bundelakhaNDa meM jaina-dharma bahuta prabhAvazAlI thaa| Aja bhI vahA~ unake aneka cihna milate haiN|

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234 jaina darzana aura saMskRti rASTrakUTa-nareza jaina-dharma ke anuyAyI the| unakA kalacUri-narezoM se gaharA sambandha thaa| kalacUri kI rAjadhAnI tripurA aura ratnapura meM Aja bhI aneka prAcIna jaina-mUrtiyA~ aura khaNDahara prApta haiN| candela rAjya ke pradhAna nagara khajurAho meM mile lekha tathA pratimAoM ke adhyayana se jaina-mata ke pracAra kA jJAna hotA hai| pratimAoM ke pAdAsanoM para khude lekha yaha pramANita karate haiM ki rAjAoM ke atirikta sAdhAraNa janatA bhI jaina-mata meM vizvAsa rakhatI thii| mAlavA aneka zatAbdiyoM taka jaina-dharma kA pramukha-kSetra thaa| vyavahAra-bhASya meM batAyA gayA hai ki anyatIrthikoM ke sAtha vAda-vivAda mAlava Adi kSetroM meM karanA caahie| isase jAnA jAtA hai ki avantIpati caNDapradyota tathA vizeSata: samrAT samprati se lekara bhASya-racanAkAla taka vahA~ jaina-dharma prabhAvazAlI rahA hai| saurASTra-gujarAta saurASTra jaina-dharma kA pramukha kendra thaa| bhagavAn ariSTanemi se vahA~ jaina paramparA cala rahI thii| samrAT samprati ke rAjyakAla meM vahA~ jaina-dharma ko adhika bala milA thaa| sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi meM saurASTra-vAsI zrAvaka kA ullekha magadhavAsI zrAvaka kI tulanA meM kiyA gayA hai| jaina-sAhitya meM 'saurASTra' kA prAcIna nAma 'surASTra' milatA hai| vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM digambara AcArya dharasena saurASTra ke girinagara kI candraguphA meM nivAsa karate the| unhoMne SaTkhaNDAgama ke racayitA bhUtabali aura puSpadanta ko zrutAbhyAsa krvaayaa| saurASTra ke dUsare nagara vallabhI meM bhI zvetAmbara-jainoM kI do Agama-vAcanAeM huI thiiN| IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI meM jaba AcArya skandila ke netRtva meM mathurA meM Agama-vAcanA ho rahI thI, usa samaya AcArya nAgArjuna ke netRtva meM vaha vallabhI meM ho rahI thii| IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM phira vahIM Agama-vAcanA ke lie eka pariSad Ayojita huii| usakA netRtva devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ne kiyaa| gujarAta ke cAlukya, rASTrakUTa, cAvaDA, solaMkI Adi rAjavaMzI bhI jaina-dharma ke anuyAyI yA samarthaka the| bambaI-mahArASTra samrATa samprati se pUrva jainoM kI dRSTi meM mahArASTra anArya-deza kI gaNanA meM thaa| usake rAjyakAla meM jaina sAdhu vahA~ vihAra karane lge| uttaravartI-kAla meM vaha

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235 jaina dharma kA prasAra jainoM kA pramukha vihAra-kSetra bana gayA thaa| jaina-AgamoM kI bhASA mahArASTrI-prAkRta se bahuta prabhAvita hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne prAkRta-bhASA ke rUpa kA 'jaina-mahArASTrI-prAkRta' aisA nAma rakhA hai| IsA kI AThavIM-nauvIM zatAbdI meM vidarbha para cAlukya rAjAoM kA zAsana thaa| dasavIM zatAbdI meM vahA~ rASTrakUTa rAjAoM kA zAsana thaa| ye donoM rAjavaMza jaina-dharma ke poSaka the| unake zAsana-kAla meM vahA~ jaina-dharma khUba phlaa-phuulaa| narmadA taTa narmadA-taTa para jaina-dharma ke astitva ke ullekha purANoM meM milate haiN| vaidika AryoM se parAjita hokara jaina-dharma ke upAsaka loga narmadA ke taTa para rahane lge| kucha kAla bAda ve uttara bhArata meM phaila gae the| haihaya-vaMza kI utpatti narmadA-taTa para sthita mAhiSmatI ke rAjA kArtavIrya se mAnI jAtI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA zramaNopAsaka ceTaka haihaya-vaMza kA hI thaa| dakSiNa bhArata dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina-dharma kA prabhAva bhagavAn pArzva aura mahAvIra se pahale hI ho cukA thaa| jisa samaya dvArakA kA dahana huA thA, usa samaya bhagavAn ariSTanemi palhava deza meM the| vaha dakSiNApatha kA hI eka rAjya thaa| uttara-bhArata meM jaba durbhikSa huA, bhadrabAhu dakSiNa meM ge| yaha koI Akasmika saMyoga nahIM, kintu dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina-dharma ke samparka kA sUcaka hai| itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki IsA kI pahalI zatAbdI se bArahavIM zatAbdI taka dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina-dharma sabase adhika zaktizAlI dharma thaa| pAMDya, gaMga, rASTrakUTa, kalacUrI aura hoyasala vaMza ke aneka rAjA jaina the| pazcimI cAluvaya vaMza ke zAsaka jaina-dharma ke saMrakSaka ke rUpa meM vikhyAta the| rASTrakUTa vaMza ke rAjA bhI jaina-dharma ko pallavita karane tathA usako saMrakSaNa dene meM agraNI rahe haiN| tamila deza ke colavaMzIya zAsaka yadyapi jaina nahIM the, phira bhI unhoMne jaina-dharma ko paryApta sahayoga dekara usakA saMrakSaNa kiyaa| kalacUri vaMza ke saMsthApaka tribhuvanamalla vijjala (1156-1167) ke sabhI dAna-pAtroM meM jaina-tIrthakara kA citra aMkita milatA hai| vaha svayaM jaina thaa| maisUra ke hoyasala vaMza ke rAjA jaina the| vijayanagara ke rAjAoM kI jaina-dharma ke prati sahiSNutA rahI hai| unhoMne aneka sthAnoM para..jaina mandira banavAe, mUrtiyA~ sthApita kI aura jaina muniyoM ko saMrakSaNa diyaa|

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236 jaina darzana aura saMskRti 12vIM zatI ke anta se 18vIM ke anta taka musalamAnoM ke AkramaNa ke kAraNa sabhI dharma-paraMparAoM ko prahAra sahane pdd'e| jaina-dharma bhI usase achUtA nahIM rhaa| phira bhI uttara bhArata aura dakSiNa bhArata ke aneka aMcaloM meM jaina-dharma ke zAsaka, jaina-dharma ke saMrakSaka yA jaina-dharma ke poSaka rAjA rAjya karate rahe aura yaha dharma janamAnasa ko ahiMsA, satya Adi zAzvata tattvoM kI ora AkRSTa karatA rhaa| videzoM meM jaina-dharma jaina-sAhitya ke anusAra bhagavAn RSabha, pArzva aura mahAvIra ne anArya dezoM meM vihAra kiyA thaa| sUtrakRtAMga ke eka zloka se anArya kA artha 'bhASA-bheda' bhI phalita hotA hai| isa artha kI chAyA meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki cAra tIrthaMkaroM ne una dezoM meM bhI vihAra kiyA, jinakI bhASA unake mukhya vihAra-kSetra kI bhASA se bhinna thii| bhagavAn RSabha ne bahalI (baikTriyA, balakha), aMDabaillA (aTaka pradeza), yavana (yUnAna), suvarNabhUmi (sumAtrA), paNhava Adi dezoM meM vihAra kiyaa| paNhava kA sambandha prAcIna pArthiyA (vartamAna IrAna kA eka bhAga) se hai| bhagavAn ariSTanemi dakSiNApatha ke malaya deza meM gae the| jaba dvArakA-dahana huA thA, taba ariSTanemi palhava nAmaka anArya deza meM the| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne kuru, kauzala, kAzI, sumha, avantI, puNDra, mAlava, aMga, baMga, kaliMga, pAMcAla, magadha, vidarbha, bhadra, dazArNa, saurASTra, karNATaka, koMkaNa, lATa, drAvir3a, kAzmIra, kaccha, zAka, pallava, vatsa, AbhIra Adi dezoM meM vihAra kiyA thaa| dakSiNa meM karNATaka, koMkaNa, pallava, drAvir3a Adi usa samaya anArya mAne jAte the| zAka bhI anArya pradeza hai| isakI pahicAna zAkyadeza yA zAkya-dvIpa se ho sakatI hai| zAkya bhUmi nepAla kI upatyakA meM hai| vahA~ bhagavAn pArzva ke anuyAyI the| bhagavAn buddha kA cAcA svayaM bhagavAn pArzva kA zrAvaka thaa| zAkya-pradeza meM bhagavAn kA vihAra huA ho, yaha bahuta sambhava hai| bhArata aura . zAkya-pradeza kA bahuta prAcIna kAla se sambandha rahA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra pUrva meM baMgAla kI ora vajrabhUmi, sumhabhUmi, dRr3habhUmi Adi aneka anArya-pradezoM meM gae the| uttara-pazcima sImAprAMta evaM aphagAnistAna meM vipula saMkhyA meM jaina zramaNa vihAra karate the| jaina zrAvaka samudra pAra jAte the| unakI samudra-yAtrA aura videza-vyApAra ke aneka pramANa milate haiN| laMkA meM jaina zrAvaka the, isakA ullekha siMhalI sAhitya

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jaina dharma kA prasAra 237 meM bhI milatA hai| mahAvaMza ke anusAra I. pU. 430 meM jaba anurAdhApura basA, taba jaina zrAvaka vahA~ vidyamAna the| vahA~ anurAdhApura ke rAjA pAMDukAbhaya ne jyotiya niggaMTha ke lie ghara bnvaayaa| usI sthAna para giri nAmaka niggaMTha rahate the| rAjA pAMDukAbhaya ne kumbhaNDa niggaMTha ke lie bhI eka devAlaya banavAyA thaa| jaina zramaNa bhI sudUra dezoM taka vihAra karate the| I. pU. 25 meM pAMDya rAjA ne agasTas sIjara ke darabAra meM dUta bheje the| unake sAtha zramaNa bhI yUnAna gae the| IsA se pUrva IrAka zAma aura philistIna meM jaina-muni aura bauddha bhikSu saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM cAroM ora phaile hue the| pazcimI eziyA, mizra, yUnAna aura ithopiyA ke pahAr3oM aura jaMgaloM meM una dinoM agaNita bhAratIya sAdhu rahate the, jo apane tyAga aura apanI vidyA ke lie prasiddha the| ye sAdhu vastroM taka kA parityAga kie hue the| yUnAnI lekhaka misra, ebIsIniyA, ithopiyA meM digambara muniyoM kA astitva batAte haiN| Adra deza kA rAjakumAra Adra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMgha meM pravrajita huA thaa| arabistAna ke dakSiNa meM 'eDana' bandara vAle pradeza ko 'Adra-deza' kahA jAtA thaa| kucha vidvAn iTalI ke eDriyATika samudra ke kinAre vAle pradeza ko Adra-deza mAnate haiN| ibna-ana najIma ke anusAra araboM ke zAsana-kAla meM yahiyA-ibnakhAlida-baramakI ne khalIphA ke darabAra aura bhArata ke sAtha atyanta gaharA sambandha sthApita kiyaa| usane bar3e adhyavasAya aura Adara ke sAtha bhArata ke hindU, bauddha aura jaina vidvAnoM ko AmaMtrita kiyaa| __ isa prakAra madhya eziyA meM jaina-dharma yA zramaNa-saMskRti kA kAphI prabhAva rahA thaa| usase vahA~ ke dharma prabhAvita hue the| vAnakremara ke anusAra madhyapUrva meM pracalita 'samAniyA' sampradAya 'zramaNa' zabda kA apabhraMza hai| zrI vizvambharanAtha pAMDe ne likhA hai-"ina sAdhaoM ke tyAga kA prabhAva yahUdI dharmAvalambiyoM para vizeSa rUpa se pdd'aa| ina AdarzoM kA pAlana karane vAloM kI, yahUdiyoM meM eka khAsa jamAta bana gaI, jo 'aisminI' kahalAtI thii| ina logoM ne yahUdI-dharma ke karmakANDoM kA pAlana tyAga diyaa| ye bastI se dUra jaMgaloM meM yA pahAr3oM para kuTI banAkara rahate the| jaina-muniyoM kI taraha ahiMsA ko apanA khAsa dharma mAnate the| mAMsa khAne se unheM behada paraheja thaa| ve kaThora aura saMyamI jIvana vyatIta. karate the| paisA yA dhana ko chUne taka se inkAra karate the| rogiyoM aura durbaloM kI sahAyatA ko dinacaryA kA Avazyaka aMga mAnate the| prema aura

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238 jaina darzana aura saMskRti sevA ko pUjA-pATha se bar3hakara mAnate the| pazu-bali kA tIvra virodha karate the| zArIrika parizrama se hI jIvana-yApana karate the| aparigraha ke siddhAnta para vizvAsa karate the| samasta saMpatti ko samAja kI saMpatti samajhate the| mizra meM inhIM tapasviyoM ko 'therApUte' kahA jAtA thaa| 'therApUte' kA artha 'maunI-aparigrahI' hai|" kAlakAcArya suvarNabhUmi (sumAtrA) meM gae the| unake praziSya zramaNa sAgara bhI apane gaNa sahita vahA~ gae the| krauMcadvIpa, siMhaladvIpa (laMkA) aura haMsadvIpa meM bhagavAn sumatinAtha kI pAdukAeM thiiN| pArakara deza aura kAsahRda meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI pratimA thii| isa saMkSipta vivaraNa se hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMca sakate haiM ki jaina-dharma kA prasAra hindustAna ke bAhara dezoM meM bhI huA thaa| jainoM ke kucha viziSTa tIrtha-sthala 1. AbU dakSiNI rAjasthAna ke sirohI jile ke antargata AbU kI ramaNIka pahAr3iyAM haiN| isakA prAcIna nAma arbuda hai| AbU jaina mandiroM ke lie prakhyAta hai| unameM do pramukha haiN| bhagavAn RSabha kA mandira jise solaMkI-nareza ke mantrI vimalazAha ne IsavI san 1032 meM bnvaayaa| bhagavAn nemi ke mandira ke nirmAtA the vastupAla aura tejpaal| ye donoM sage bhAI the| inake pAsa apAra sampatti thii| inhoMne patthara ko utkIrNa karane vAle kArIgaroM ko, patthara nikalane vAle Tukar3oM ke barAbara cAMdI dekara unakA utsAha bddh'aayaa| kArIgara patthara meM jIvana uMDelane meM tatpara hue aura Aja bhI yaha mandira apanI utkIrNa-kalA kA utkRSTa namUnA hai| mAnA jAtA hai ki isameM karor3oM rupaye kharca hue| isakA nirmANa IsvI san 1232 meM huaa| 2. sammeda zikhara (pArasanAtha) __ yaha bihAra ke hajArIbAga jile kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isakI pahacAna vartamAna pArasanAtha hila se kI jAtI hai| yaha pahAr3I IsarI sTezana se do mIla dUra hai| yahA~ bIsa tIrthaMkara saMlekhanApUrvaka samAdhi-maraNa kara nirvANa ko prApta hue the| ise samAdhigiri, samidagiri bhI kahA jAtA hai| 3. zatrujaya saurASTra meM pAlItAnA sTezana se do mIla dUrI para eka parvata-zrRMkhalA hai| vaha zatrujaya ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isa pahAr3I para bhagavAn RSabha kA bhavya

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jaina dharma kA prasAra 239 mandira hai| jaina tIrthoM meM yaha Adi tIrtha mAnA jAtA hai| isakA dUsarA nAma puNDarIka hai| prativarSa akSaya tRtIyA ke dina yahA~ 'barasI tapa' kA pAraNA karane ke lie hajAroM tapasvI upAsaka-upAsikAeM aura anya hajAroM yAtrI Ate haiN| pahAr3a para car3hane ke lie bhavya sopAna-mArga hai| nagara bar3I-bar3I dharmazAlAoM se bharA par3A hai| yahA~ saikar3oM jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyAM haiN| mahArAja kumArapAla ne lAkhoM rupaye kharca kara yahA~ ke mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA thaa| yahA~ se aneka muni nirvANa ko prApta hue haiN| thAvaccAputta kA yahIM nirvANa huA thaa| 4. zravaNabelagola jainoM kA yaha prasiddha tIrtha karNATaka prAMta ke hAsana jile meM hai| yaha candragiri aura vidhyagiri, ina do parvatoM kI talahaTI meM eka sarovara para sthita hai| yaha maisUra nagara se 62 mIla kI dUrI para hai| ise gommaTa tIrtha kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ gomaTezvara bAhubalI kI 57 phuTa (pA~ca sau dhanuSya) UMcI mUrti hai| isakI sthApanA rAjamalla nareza ke pradhAnamantrI tathA senApati cAmuNDarAya ne karAI thii| vidvAnoM ne sthApanA kI tithi 23 mArca, san 1028 nizcita kI hai| yaha nayanAbhirAbha mUrti eka hI patthara meM utkIrNa hai| yaha vizva kA AThavAM Azcarya mAnA jA sakatA hai| bAraha varSoM meM eka bAra isakA mastakAbhiSeka hotA hai| cAmuNDarAya kA gharelU nAma 'gommaTa' thaa| sambhava hai isalie unake dvArA nirmita aura sthApita mUrti ko bhI 'gommaTezvara' kahA gyaa| siddhAnta-cakravartI AcArya nemicandra ne cAmuNDarAya kA ullekha 'gommaTarAya' ke nAma se kiyA hai aura paMcasaMgraha grantha kA nAma 'gommaTasAra' rkhaa| zravaNabelagola meM lagabhaga 500 zilAlekha haiN| zravaNabelagola tIna zabdoM se banA hai| zravaNa kA artha hai-jaina muni, bela kA artha hai-zveta aura gola kA artha hai-srovr| zravaNabelagola arthAt jaina muniyoM kA dhavala srovr| 5. rANakapura arAvalI parvata-zrRMkhalAoM ke madhya rANakapura (raNakapura) nAma kA gA~va hai| . yaha rAjasthAna ke pAlI jile ke antargata hai| yaha phAlanA sTezana se lagabhaga 22 kilomITara kI dUrI para sthita hai| ___ mAnA jAtA hai ki naMdIpura gAMva meM jinezvara upAsaka dharaNAzAha ko eka rAtri meM svapna aayaa| usameM unhoMne 'nalinI gulma' vimAna dekhaa| usa vimAna kI

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240 jaina darzana aura saMskRti AkRti se prabhAvita hokara unhoMne usI AkRti kA jinAlaya banavAne kI pratijJA lii| dUra-dUra se zilpI AmaMtrita kie ge| prArabhika rekhAcitra bne| inameM se muMDArA gAMva ke depAka nAmaka zilpI kA rekhAcitra pasanda kiyA gayA aura usI ke anusAra vikrama saMvat 1495 meM jinAlaya kI nIMva DAlI aura 1498 meM maMndira taiyAra ho gyaa| isameM lagabhaga eka karor3a rupayA vyaya huaa| yaha mandira apanI sAnI kA bejor3a mandira hai| isameM 24 raMgamaMDapa, 184 bhUgRha, 85 zikhara aura 1444 stambha haiN| AdinAtha kI mUrti kI sthApanA isa prakAra kI gaI hai ki vyakti mandira meM kisI bhI sthAna para, kisI bhI koNa meM khar3A rahe, use pratimA ke darzana hote haiN| isakA prastara-zilpa bahuta hI anokhA aura hRdayagrAhI hai| isa mandira ke nirmAtA dharaNAzAha ke sambandha meM eka kiMvadantI pracalita hai ki eka dina dharaNAzAha maMdira kA nirmANa dekhane ge| eka dIpaka jala rahA thaa| usake tela meM eka makkhI gira gii| dharaNAzAha ne tela se sanI makkhI nikAla kara apanI jUtI para rakha lI, jisase ki mavakhI ke zarIra para lagA tela jUtI para jAe, vyartha na calA jaae| zilpiyoM ne yaha dekhaa| ve Azcaryacakita raha ge| unakA mana saMdeha se bhara gayA ki aisA kaMjUsa vyakti itanA bar3A jinAlaya kaise banavA sakegA.? parIkSA karane ke lie unhoMne eka dina dharaNAzAha se kahA-nIvoM meM sarvadhAtuoM kA prayoga karanA hogA kyoMki itanA vizAla jina-bhavana patthara kI nIMva para Tika nahIM paayegaa| zilpiyoM kI bAta sunakara dharaNAzAha ne vipula mAtrA meM 'sarvadhAt' ekatrita kara unheM vismita kara diyaa| dharaNAzAha yaha mAnatA thA ki vyartha eka paise bhI kharca na ho aura Avazyaka kharca meM tanika bhI kamI na ho| 6. rAjagRha (rAjagiri) bihArazarIpha se dakSiNa kI ora 13-14 mIla kI dUrI para sthita rAjagRha prAcIna rAjagiri hai| ise girivraja bhI kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki yaha pAMca pahAr3iyoM se ghirA huA hai| ina pA~ca pahAr3iyoM ke nAma ye haiM--vipula, ratna, udaya, svarNa aura vaibhaar| inameM vipula aura vaibhAra parvata kA bahuta mahattva hai| aneka muniyoM ne vipulAcala para tapasyA kara mokSa prApta kiyA thaa| Aja bhI vahA~ aneka guphAeM haiN| yaha pA~ca pahAr3iyoM meM sabase UMcI pahAr3I hai| vaibhAra parvata ke nIce garama pAnI kA eka kuMDa hai| isakA varNana jaina Agama bhagavatI meM bhI AyA hai| Aja bhI vahA~ garama pAnI kA srota vidyamAna hai| vaha carmaroga-nivAraNa kA upAya batAyA jAtA hai| hajAroM loga vahAM nahAte haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra aura. mahAtmA buddha ne rAjagRha meM aneka cAturmAsa bitAe the| mahAvIra prAya: vahA~ ke guNazIla caitya meM Thaharate the| vartamAna meM nabAdA

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jaina dharma kA prasAra 241 sTezana se lagabhaga tIna mIla kI dUrI para sthita 'guNAvA' ko prAcIna guNazIla mAnA jAtA hai| 7. RSabhadevajI rAjasthAna ke dakSiNI aMcala meM dhuleva nAma kA kasbA hai| yaha udayapura se 64 kilomITara dUra upatyakAoM se ghirA huA hai| yahA~ 'koyala' nAma kI nadI bahatI hai| yahIM RSabhadeva kA vizAla mandira hai| yaha eka kilomITara ke ghere meM sthita pakke pASANa kA mandira hai| mAnA jAtA hai ki pahale yahA~ IToM kA banA huA mandira thaa| vaha TUTa gyaa| phira 14vIM-15vIM zatAbdI meM yaha pASANamaya mandira bnaa| isa mandira ke garbhagRha meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI padmAsanna meM sthita zyAmavarNIya bhavya pratimA hai| isakI UMcAI sAr3he tIna phuTa hai| isa mUrti para kesara adhika car3hAI jAtI hai, isalie ise 'kesariyAjI' yA 'kesariyAnAthajI' bhI kahate haiN| yaha pratimA bahuta hI camatkArika hai| isalie jaina, ajaina, bhIla tathA anya jAti ke loga bhI yahA~ hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM Ate haiM aura manautI manAte haiN| bhIla loga isa mUrti ko 'kAlAjI' kahakara pukArate haiM aura unake mana meM isake prati itanI zraddhA aura vizvAsa hai ki 'kAlAjI kI ANa' ko ve sarvopari mAnate haiN| jaina-dharma : vikAsa aura hrAsa vizva kI pratyeka pravRtti ko utAra-car3hAva kA sAmanA karanA par3A hai| koI bhI pravRtti kevala unnati aura avanati ke bindu para avasthita nahIM rhtii| jaina dharma ke vikAsa ke mukhya hetu haiM 1. madhyama mArga-jaina AcAryoM ne gRhastha ke lie aNuvratoM kA vidhAna kara usakI sAmAjika apekSAoM kA dvAra banda nahIM kiyaa| 2. samanvaya-jaina dharma ke bhinna-bhinna vicAroM kA sApekSa dRSTi se samanvaya hone ke kAraNa vaha vibhinna vicAradhArA ke logoM ko apanI ora AkRSTa kara skaa| 3. samAhAra-jaina dharma meM jAtivAda kI tAtvikatA mAnya nahIM thI, isalie sabhI jAti ke loga use apanAte rhe| 4. parivartana kI kSamatA-jaina AcAryoM ne sAmAjika paramparA ko zAzvata kA rUpa nahIM diyaa| isalie jaina samAja meM deza aura vAla ke anusAra parivartana kA avakAza rhaa| yaha janatA ke AkarSaNa kA sabala hetu rhaa| 5. saiddhAMtika sahiSNutA-dUsare dharmoM meM siddhAntoM ko sahane kI kSamatA ke kAraNa jaina dharma dUsaroM kI sahAnubhUti arjita karatA rhaa|

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242 jaina darzana aura saMskRti 6. jana-bhASA kA pryog| 7. ahiMsA kA vyavahAra meM pryog| 8. prAmANikatA--jaina gRhastha ahiMsA-pAlana ke sAtha-sAtha kartavya ke prati bahuta jAgarUka the| ve deza ke vikAsa aura rakSA ke lie apanA sarvasva samarpita kara dete the| dakSiNa ke jaina samAja ne jIvikA (annadAna), zikSA (jJAnadAna), cikitsA (auSadhadAna) aura ahiMsA (abhayadAna) ke mAdhyama se jaina-dharma ko jana-dharma kA rUpa de diyA thaa| 9. sazakta aura kuzala AcAryoM kA netRtva / vikrama kI navIM-dasavIM zatAbdI meM ina sthitiyoM meM parivartana Ane lgaa| phalata: jaina-dharma kA vikAsa avaruddha ho gyaa| hrAsa ke mukhya hetu ye haiM1. AMtarika pavitratA aura zakti kI kamI, bAhya karmakAMDoM kI prcurtaa| 2. vyaktivAdI manovRtti-dUsaroM kI hAni se mujhe kyA? maiM dUsaroM ke lie kyoM karma- bAMdhU? isa prakAra ke aikAMtika nivRttivAdI ciMtana ne parasparatA ke bandhana meM zithilatA lA dii| dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina-dharma ke hrAsa ke mukhya tIna kAraNa haiM 1. jaina jAgRti karane vAle prabhAvazAlI AcAryoM ke kAryakAla meM bahuta bar3A vyvdhaan| 2. aise netRtva kA abhAva jo rAjanIti aura dharmanIti ko sAtha-sAtha lekara cala ske| 3. anya dharmoM ke bar3hate hue prayAva kI upekSA aura apane Apako ekAMtata: AdhyAtmika banAe rakhane kI pravRtti / dakSiNa ke mukhya do prAMtoM meM hAsa ke anyAnya kAraNa bhI rahe haiM1. tamilanADu meM hrAsa ke kAraNa 1. zaiva nayanAra aura vaizNava AlvAroM kA udy| 2. unake dvArA jAtivAda kA bahiSkAra kara apane dharma-saMgha meM nIcI jAti vAloM kA prvesh| 3. rAjadharma ko prabhAvita kara rAjAoM ko apane mata ke prati AkRSTa krnaa| 4. jaina stutiyoM kA anukaraNa kara zaiva stutiyoM kA nirmANa krnaa|

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jaina dharma kA prasAra 2. karnATaka meM hrAsa 243 ke kAraNa 1. rASTrakUTa aura gaMgavaMzIya rAjAoM kA anta / 2. vIra zaivamata ke udayakAla meM jaina AcAryoM kI upekSA aura unake prabhAva ko roka pAne kI akSamatA / 3. basavezvara dvArA prarUpita 'liMgAyata' dharma ke bar3hate caraNa ko roka na pAnA / 4. aneka rAjAoM kA zaiva mata meM dIkSita ho jAnA / vikAsa aura hrAsa kAlacakra ke anivArya niyama haiM / isa viSaya meM koI bhI vastu kevala vikAsa yA hrAsa kI rekhA para avasthita nahIM rahatI / Aroha ke bAda avaroha aura avaroha ke bAda Aroha calatA rahatA hai| jaina dharma ke anuyAyI- samAja kI saMkhyA meM hrAsa huA hai / kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita zAzvata satyoM kA hrAsa nahIM huA hai / unake sApekSatA, saha-astitva, ahiMsA, mAnavIya ekatA, niHzastrIkaraNa, svataMtratA aura aparigraha ke siddhAnta vizvamAnasa meM nirantara vikasita hote jA rahe haiM / abhyAsa 1. jaina dharma kA prasAra deza-videzoM meM kahAM-kahAM huA tathA usameM kina-kina vyaktiyoM kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA ? 2. nimnalikhita sthaloM kA jaina tIrtha kSetra kI dRSTi se paricaya deM : AbU, rANakapura, zravaNabelagolA, rAjagRha / 3. jaina dharma ke vikAsa aura hrAsa ke mukhya kAraNoM ko vistAra se samajhAeM / 000

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cintana ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM kA yoga zraddhAvAda-hetuvAda . ciMtana kI tulanA saritA ke usa pravAha se kI jA sakatI hai jisakA udgama choTA hotA hai aura gatizIla hone ke sAtha-sAtha vaha vizAlakAya hotA calA jAtA hai| bhAratIya mAnasa zraddhA-pradhAna rahA hai| usameM tarkabIja kI apekSA zraddhA-bIja adhika aMkurita hue haiN| isIlie yahA~ maulika ciMtaka apekSAkRta kama hue haiN| dharma ke kSetra meM kucha mahAn sAdhaka avatAra yA tIrthakara hue haiN| ve himAlaya kI bhAMti atyanta mahAn the| unakI mahAnatA taka maulika ciMtaka bhI nahIM pahuMca pAte the| phalata: unake prati ciMtakoM kA zraddhAvanata honA svAbhAvika thaa| sAdhAraNa jana to zraddhAvanata thA hI kiMtu sAdhAraNa jana kI zraddhA aura ciMtaka kI zraddhA meM eka antara thaa| sAdhAraNa jana apane zraddheya kI hara vANI ko zraddhA se svIkAra karatA thaa| ciMtaka apane zraddheya kI mahAna AdhyAtmika upalabdhi ke prati zraddhAvanata hone para bhI unake pratyeka vacana ko zraddhA se svIkAra karane kA Agraha nahIM karatA thaa| AcArya siddhasena (lagabhaga vikrama kI caturtha zatAbdI) jaina paramparA meM maulika cintaka hue haiN| unakI jJAna-garimA agAdha thii| ve bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prati atyanta zraddhA-praNata the, kintu sAtha-sAtha apane svatantra cintana kA bhI prayoga karate the| unhoMne aneka tathyoM para apanA svatantra mata vyakta kiyaa| usa samaya ke zraddhAvAdI AcAryoM aura muniyo ne unake sAmane tarka upasthita kiyA--'jo tathya Agama-granthoM meM pratipAdita haiM, unake pratikUla kisI bhI siddhAnta kI sthApanA kaise kI jA sakatI hai?' AcArya siddhasena ne isa tarka kA sIdhA khaNDana bhI nahIM kiyA aura unake mata kA samarthana bhI nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne syAdvAda kI zailI se eka nayA cintana prastuta kiyaa| unhoMne batAyA ki mahAvIra ne do prakAra ke tattvoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai-hetugamya, ahetugmy| ahetugamya tattva ciMtana aura tarka kI sImA se pare hote haiN| unheM samajhane ke lie tarka kA upayoga nahIM ho sktaa| ve zraddhA ke viSaya haiN| hama atIndriya-tattva

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cintana ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM kA yoga 245 aura atIndriya-jJAna ko svIkAra karate haiN| tarka indriya jJAna kI paridhi meM hotA hai| gautama svAmI ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUchA- "bhaMte ! jaise hama zvAsa lete haiM, vaise hI kyA pRthvIkAya ke jIva bhI zvAsa lete haiM?" bhagavAn ne isakA svIkArAtmaka uttara diyaa| indriya ke dvArA yaha gamya nahIM hai, isalie yaha tarka kA viSaya bhI nahIM hai| kintu mahAvIra ne kyA aise tattvoM kA pratipAdana nahIM kiyA, jo iMdriyagamya haiM aura jinakI vyAkhyA tarka ke dvArA kI jA sakatI hai? AcArya siddhasena ne yaha cintana prastuta kiyA ki jo vyakti ahetugamya tattvoM kA Agama-prAmANya ke dvArA aura hetugamya tattvoM kA tarka-prAmANya ke dvArA pratipAdana karatA hai, vaha Agama ke hRdaya ko yathArtha samajhatA hai aura unakA yathArtha pratipAdana karatA hai| jo vyakti hetugamya aura ahetugamya donoM tattvoM ko kevala AgamaprAmANya se samajhane kA prayala aura pratipAdana karatA hai, usane Agama ke yathArtha ko nahIM samajhA aura unake pratipAdana kI yathArtha paddhati bhI use prApta nahIM hai| isa vicAra kA bIja-vapana niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ne kiyA thaa| unakA yuga tarkazAstra ke vikAsa kA prArambhika yuga thaa| isalie unhoMne Agama aura dRSTAnta-ina do zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA thA- Agamagamya tattva Agama ke dvArA aura dRSTAntagamya tattva dRSTAnta ke dvArA jAnane caahie| AcArya siddhasena tarkazAstra ke vikAsakartAoM meM agraNI the| isalie unhoMne dRSTAnta ke sthAna para hetuvAda kA prayoga kiyA hai| AcArya siddhasena ne svataMtra ciMtana aura hetuvAda kA jo mUlyAMkana kiyA, vaha sabako mAnya nahIM huaa| phalata: jaina paramparA meM do dhArAeM nirmita ho gaIM--siddhAMtavAdI aura trkvaadii| siddhAntavAdI Agamika pratipAdana ko zabdaza: aura akSaraza: svIkAra karate the| tarkavAdI Agama ke hetugamya tattvoM kI tArkika samIkSA bhI karate the aura unake sAtha nayA ciMtana bhI jor3ate the| siddhAntavAdiyoM ne apanI sArI zakti Agamika vacanoM ke samarthana meM lagAI, jabaki tArkika vidvAnoM kI zakti apane samasAmayika dArzanikoM ke tarkoM ko samajhane aura unakI jaina-paddhati se mImAMsA karane meM lgii| unhoMne dUsare darzanoM se kucha liyA aura unheM kucha dene kA prayatna bhI kiyaa| yaha samAcAra kI vRtti satya ko anekAMta dRSTi se dekhane para hI prApta ho sakatI thii| AcArya siddhasena ne satya ko vyApaka dRSTi se dekhA tabhI unheM yaha dikhAI diyA ki vizva ke kisI bhI darzana meM jo supratipAdita hai, vaha mahAvIra ke vacana kA hI bindu hai| ve mahAvIra ko eka vyakti ke rUpa meM nahIM dekhate haiN| unake lie mahAvIra eka AtmA hai| AtmA hI parama satya hai| jahA~ kahIM bhI satya ke kaNa dikhAI dete haiM, ve saba AtmA kI jyoti ke hI spuliMga

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246 jaina darzana aura saMskRti haiN| AcArya hemendra ne AcArya siddhasena ke abhimata ko sahaja bhASA meM prastuta kiyA hai--"jisa kisI samaya meM, jisa kisI rUpa meM aura jisa kisI nAma se, Apa prakaTa hoM, yadi Apa vItarAga haiM, to Apa mere lie eka hI haiN| maiM vItarAga ke prati praNata hU~; deza, kAla tathA nAma aura rUpa ke prati praNata nahIM huuN|" jaina dharma yathArthavAdI hai| paurANika kAla meM apane iSTadeva kA atizyoktipUrNa varNana karane kI hor3a-sI lagI thii| phalata: jitane bhI mahApuruSa hue, unakA mAnavIya rUpa daivI camatkAroM se AvRtta ho gyaa| yaha sthiti yathArthavAda ke anukUla nahIM thii| AcArya samantabhadra ne isa para tIvra prahAra kiyaa| unhoMne ina camatkAroM ko mahAnatA kA mAnadaNDa mAnane se apanI asahamati prakaTa kii| unhoMne mahAvIra ko camatkAroM ke AvaraNa se nikAlakara yathArthavAda ke Aloka meM dekhane kA prayala kiyaa| unakA prasiddha zloka hai devAgamanabhoyAna-cAmarAdivibhUtayaH / mAyAviSvapi dRzyante, nAtastvamasi no mahAn // "bhagavan ! devatAoM kA AnA, AkAza-vihAra, chatra-cAmara Adi vibhUtiyA~ aindrajAlika vyaktiyoM ke bhI ho sakatI haiN| Apake pAsa devatA Ate the| Apa chatra, cAmara Adi aneka yaugika vibhUtiyoM se sampanna the| Apa isalie mahAn nhiiN| Apa isalie mahAn haiM ki Apane satya ko anAvRta kiyA thaa|" AcArya : hemacandra ne bhI cintana kI isI dhArA ko vikasita kiyaa| unhoMne kahA-"Apake caraNa-kamala meM indra loTate the", isa bAta kA dUsare dArzanika khaNDana kara sakate haiM yA apane iSTadeva ko bhI iMdrapUjita kaha sakate haiM, kintu Apane jo yathArthavAda kA nirUpaNa kiyA, usakA ve nirAkaraNa kaise kreNge| yathArthavAda meM satya kA svIkAra zraddhA se nahIM hotaa| na vyakti ke prati zraddhA aura na siddhAnta ke prati shrddhaa| donoM kI parIkSA kI jAtI hai| AcArya haribhadra ne isa satya ko nirapekSa zabdoM meM abhivyakta kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM--"mahAvIra ke prati merA koI pakSapAta nahIM hai aura kapila Adi dArzanikoM se merA koI dveSa nahIM hai| maiM isa vicAra kA vyakti hU~ ki jisakA vicAra yuktiyukta ho, unakA anugamana karanA caahie| AcArya hemacandra ne isa vAstavikatA ko bahuta hI spaSTa zabdoM meM ujAgara kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai--"bhagavan ! zraddhA se Apake prati hamArA pakSapAta nahIM hai| anya dArzanikoM ke prati dveSa ke kAraNa hamArI aruci nahIM hai| hamane Aptatva kI parIkSA kI hai| usa parIkSA meM Apa khare utarate haiM; isalie hamane ApakA anugamana kiyA hai|"

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247 cintana ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM kA yoga prAcInatA aura navInatA purAnI aura nayI pIr3hI kA saMgharSa bahuta purAnA hai| purAne vyakti aura purAnI kRti ko mAnyatA prApta hotI hai| naye vyakti aura naye kRti ko mAnyatA prApta karanI hotI hai| manuSya svabhAva se itanA udAra nahIM hai ki vaha sahaja hI kisI ko mAnyatA de de| nayI pIr3hI meM mAnyatA prApta karane kI chaTapaTAhaTa hotI hai aura purAnI pIr3hI kA apanA ahaM hotA hai, apanA mAnadaNDa hotA hai, isalie vaha nayI pIr3hI ko naye mAnadaNDoM ke AdhAra para mAnyatA dene meM sakucAtI hai| yaha saMgharSa sAhitya, Ayurveda aura dharma sabhI kSetroM meM rahA hai| ____ mahAkavi kAlidAsa ko apane kAvya aura nATaka ke prati purAne vidvAnoM dvArA upekSApUrNa vyavahAra kiye jAne para yaha kahane ke lie bAdhya honA par3A purANamityeva na sAdhu sarva, na cApi kAvyaM nvmityvdym| santa: parIkSyAnyatarad bhajante, mUDhaH parapratyayaneyavRttiH / / "purAnA hone mAtra se koI kAvya prakRSTa nahIM hotA aura nayA hone mAtra se koI kAvya nikRSTa nahIM hotaa| sAdhucetA puruSa parIkSA ke bAda hI kisI kAvya ko prakRSTa yA nikRSTa batalAte haiM aura jo mUr3ha hotA hai, vaha binA soce-samajhe purANatA kA gIta gAtA rahatA hai|" __ AcArya vAgbhaTTa ne aSTAMgahRdaya kA nirmANa kiyaa| Ayurveda ke dhuraMdhara AcAryoM ne use mAnya nahIM kiyaa| vAgbhaTTa ko bhI purAnI pIr3hI ke tiraskAra kA / pAtra bananA pdd'aa| usI mana:sthiti meM unhoMne yaha likhA--"vAyu kI zAMti ke lie tela, pitta kI zAMti ke lie ghI aura zleSma kI zAMti ke lie madhu pathya hai| yaha bAta cAhe brahmA kaheM yA brahmA kA putra, isameM vaktA kA kyA antara AegA? vavattA ke kAraNa dravya kI zakti meM koI antara nahIM AtA, isalie Apa mAtsarya ko chor3a madhyastha dRSTi kA avalaMbana leN|" prAcInatA aura navInatA ke prazna para mahAkavi kAlidAsa aura vAgbhaTTa kA cintana bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| kintu isa viSaya meM AcArya siddhasena kI lekhanI ne jo camatkAra dikhAyA hai, vaha prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM durlabha hai| unakA cintana hai ki koI vyakti nayA nahIM hai aura koI purAnA nahIM hai| jise hama purAnA mAnate haiM, eka dina vaha bhI nayA thA aura jise hama nayA mAnate haiM, vaha bhI eka dina purAnA ho jaaegaa| Aja jo jIvita hai, vaha marane ke bAda nayI pIr3hI ke lie purAnoM kI sUcI meM A jAtA hai| purANatA avasthita nahIM hai, isalie purAtana vyakti kI kahI huI bAta para bhI vinA parIkSA kie kauna vizvAsa karegA?

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248 jaina darzana aura saMskRti AcArya siddhasena ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kI abhaya kI bhAvanA ko AtmasAt kara liyA thaa| ve satya ke prakAzana meM sakucAte nahIM the| mukta-samIkSA aura prAcInatA kI yuktisaMgata AlocanA ke kAraNa unakA virodha bar3ha rahA thaa| ve isa sthiti se paricita the, kintu svataMtracetA vyakti isa prakAra kI sthiti se ghabarAtA nhiiN| unakA abhaya svara isa bhASA meM prasphuTita huA___"purAne puruSoM ne jo vyavasthA nizcita kI hai, kyA vaha cintana karane para usI rUpa meM siddha hogI? nahIM bhI ho sakatI hai| usa sthiti meM mRta purakhoM kI jamI huI pratiSThA ke kAraNa usa asiddha vyavasthA kA samarthana karane ke lie merA janma nahIM huA hai| isa vyavahAra se yadi mere vidveSI bar3hate haiM, to bhale hI bddh'eN|" "vyavasthAeM yA maryAdAeM aneka prakAra kI haiM aura ve paraspara virodhI bhI haiN| unakA zIghra hI nirNaya kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? phira bhI 'yaha maryAdA hai, yaha nahIM hai,' isa prakAra kA ekapakSIya nirNaya karanA purAtana ke prema se jar3a bane hue vyakti ke lie hI ucita ho sakatA hai, kisI parIkSaka ke lie nhiiN| ___ "purAtana prema ke kAraNa AlasI banA huA vyakti jaise-jaise yathArtha kA nizcaya nahIM kara pAtA, vaise-vaise vaha nizcaya kie hue vyakti kI bhAMti prasanna hotA hai| vaha kahatA hai, hamAre pUrvaja jJAnI the| unhoMne jo kucha kahA, vaha mithyA kaise ho sakatA hai? maiM mandagati hU~, usakA Azaya nahIM samajha sakatA, yaha merI alpatA hai| kintu gurujanoM kI kahI huI bAta anyathA nahIM ho sktii| aisA nizcaya karane vAlA vyakti Atma-nAza kI ora daur3atA hai|" ___ "zAstrakAra hamAre jaise hI manuSya the| unhoMne manuSyoM ke lie hI manuSyoM ke vyavahAra aura AcAra nizcita kie haiN| jo loga parIkSA karane meM AlasI haiM, ve hI yaha kaha sakate haiM ki unakI thAha nahIM pAyI jA sakatI, unakA pAra nahIM pAyA jA sktaa| kintu parIkSaka vyakti unheM agAdha mAnakara kaise svIkAra karegA? vaha parIkSApUrvaka hI unheM svIkAra kara sakatA hai|" "eka zAstra asambaddha aura asta-vyasta racA huA hotA hai, phira bhI vaha purAtana puruSoM ke dvArA racita hai, yaha kahakara usakI prazaMsA karate haiN| Aja kA banA huA zAstra sambaddha aura saMgata hai, phira bhI navIna hone ke kAraNa use nahIM par3hate / yaha mAtra smRti kA moha hai, parIkSA kA viveka nahIM hai|" ____ alpavayA zizu kI bAta yuktisaMgata ho sakatI hai aura purAne puruSoM kI kahI huI bAta doSapUrNa ho sakatI hai; isalie imeM parIkSaka bananA caahie| navInatA kI upekSA aura prAcInatA kA moha hamAre lie ucita nahIM hai--yaha vikrama kI pA~cavIM zatI kA cintana Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM aura adhika mUlyavAn bana gayA hai|

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cintana ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM kA yoga kAla hetuka avarodha aura unake phalita bhAratIya cintana kA yaha vyApaka rUpa rahA hai ki purAtana kAla satayuga thA, vartamAna yuga kalikAla hai / isameM prakRSTatA nikRSTatA kI ora calI jAtI hai| isa cintana ke AdhAra para bhAratIya janatA kA vizvAsa dRr3ha ho gayA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM jo acchAiyA~, kSamatAeM aura vizeSatAeM thIM, ve isa kalikAla meM samApta ho cukI haiM aura rahI-sahI samApta hotI jA rahI haiM - isa cintanadhArA ne eka vicitra prakAra kI hIna bhAvanA utpanna kara dI / lagabhaga pandraha sau varSa pUrva kucha jaina muni yaha mAnane lage the ki vartamAna meM dharma nahIM hai, vrata nahIM hai aura caritra vicchinna ho gayA hai| vartamAna meM jo jaina zAsana cala rahA hai vaha jJAna aura darzana ke AdhAra para cala rahA hai| kintu Aja koI sAdhu nahIM hai / cintana kI isa dhArA ne vikAsa kA dvAra avaruddha kara diyaa| munijana yaha mAnakara calane lage ki isa duSamAkAla meM viziSTa sAdhanA aura viziSTa upalabdhi nahIM ho sakatI / isa dhAraNA kA prabhAva bhI huA / sAdhanA ke patha meM abhinava unmeSa lAne kI manovRtti zithila ho gaI / jaba yaha mAna liyA jAtA hai ki Aja viziSTatA kI upalabdhi nahIM ho sakatI, phira usake lie prayatna karane kI sphuraNA bhI nahIM rahatI / kucha manISI muniyoM kA dhyAna isa hInabhAvanA kI manovRtti aura usake phalitoM para gyaa| unhoMne isakA prativAda kiyA / bhASyakAra saMghadAsagaNI ne kahA--"jo muni yaha kahate haiM ki vartamAna meM sAdhutva nahIM hai, unheM zramaNa-saMgha se bahiSkRta kara denA caahie|" AcArya rAmasena ne isakA sazakta samarthana kiyA ki vartamAna meM dhyAna ho sakatA hai, usakA viccheda nahIM huA hai / 249 kucha vicchittiyoM ke bAre meM kisI AcArya ne kucha nahIM khaa| yaha bahuta hI vimarzanIya hai / vicchedoM kI carcA zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM ke AcAryoM ne kI hai / tulanAtmaka dRSTi se zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne adhika kI hai / digambara- paramparA meM dhyAna, kAyotsarga aura pratimA ke abhyAsa kI paramparA dIrghakAla taka clii| digambara AcAryoM ne yoga viSayaka grantha race / zvetAmbara paramparA meM dhyAna kA abhyAsa sudUra atIta meM hI kama ho gayA thA / zvetAmbara AcAryoM meM jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa, haribhadrasUri, acArya hemacandra upAdhyAya yazovijayajI Adi kucheka vidvAn hI yoga granthoM ke nirmAtA hue haiN| AcAryazrI tulasI ne yoga para 'manonuzAsanam' nAma kA grantha likhA / usake nirmANa kI avadhi meM unhoMne kahA--"yaugika upalabdhiyoM ke viccheda kI bAta sAdhaka ke mana meM pahale se hI na biThAI jAtI, to Aja taka jaina paramparA meM yoga kA adhika vikAsa huA hotA / "

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250. jaina darzana aura saMskRti sAdhanA karane vAle saba vyaktiyoM kA adhyavasAya samAna nahIM hotaa| unakI kSamatA bhI samAna nahIM hotii| gati meM tAratamya hotA hai, kintu lakSya samAna hotA hai| kauna kitanA Age bar3ha sake, yaha usa para nirbhara hai| pahale hI hama use avarodha-paTTa dikhA deM ki isase Age nahIM jA sakate, to usake caraNa prArambha meM hI ThiThaka jAte haiN| AcArya hemacandra ne kalikAla ke nimitta se nirmita kie gae avarodhoM ko tor3ane ke lie mahattvapUrNa cintana prastuta kiyaa| unhoMne likhA ki-"suSamAkAla meM sAdhaka lambI tapasyA ke bAda phala prApta karate the| yaha kalikAla hI aisA hai, jisameM sAdhaka alpakAlIna tapasyA se hI phala prApta kara letA hai| phira kalikAla kyA burA hai? hameM kRtayuga se kyA prayojana? . "loga kahate haiM ki kalikAla meM loga bahuta ucchRkhala aura duSTa hote haiN| kyA kRtayuga meM aise loga nahIM the? yaha saca hai ki usa yuga meM bhI aise loga the| phira hama kalikAla para vyartha hI kyoM kupita hote haiM?" adhyAtma kA unmeSa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA darzana AtmA kA darzana hai| usake Adi, madhya aura aMta meM sarvatra AtmA hI AtmA hai| usakI gaharAiyoM meM jAne kA prayatna adhyAtma hai| isa bindu ko digambara AcArya kundakunda (vikrama kI prathama zatAbdI) ne sarvAdhika vikasita kiyaa| ve jaina paramparA meM adhyAtma ke mukhya pravaktA the| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mokSa ke cAra mArga batalAe--jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa / inakI vyAkhyA anekoM AcAryoM ne kii| ve saba vyAkhyAeM vyavahAranaya para Azrita haiN| vyavahAranaya sthUla aura buddhigamya dRSTikoNa ko prastuta karatA hai| nizvayanaya kA dRSTikoNa sUkSma aura Atmagamya hai| adhyAtma kA pravaktA nizcayanaya kA Alambana lekara calatA hai| AcArya kundakunda kI aneka vyAkhyAeM aura sthApanAeM nizcayanaya para avalambita haiN| unhoMne nizcayanaya ke AdhAra para kahA--"AtmA ko jAnanA hI samyak jJAna hai, use dekhanA hI samyak darzana hai aura usameM ramaNa karanA hI samyak cAritra hai|" unhoMne vyavahAranaya ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA aura sAmAjika jIvana meM usako asvIkAra kiyA bhI nahIM jA sktaa| tattva ke gahana paryAyoM taka hara AdamI nahIM pahu~ca sktaa| usakI pahu~ca tatva ke kucheka sthUla paryAyoM taka hotI hai| use vAstavika satya taka le jAne ke lie sthUla satya kA Alambana lenA Avazyaka hotA hai| ___ vyavahAra kI bhUmikA para jIne vAle dhArmika loga svarga ke pralobhana aura narka ke bhaya se hI dharma kI bAta socate haiN| unakI dRSTi puNya aura pApa taka

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cintana ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM kA yoga 251 pahu~catI hai| paramArthadarzI kI dRSTi (nizcayanaya) meM AtmA hI saba kucha hai| AcArya kundakunda kA tarka hai ki "azubha aura zubha donoM hI karma jIva ko bAMdhate haiM, mumukSu vyakti ke lie donoM hI vAMchanIya nahIM haiN|" vikrama kI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM bhI jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne puNya aura pApa ko isI koNa se dekhaa| unhoMne sukha-duHkha kI mImAMsA karate hue likhA-"puNya kA phala duHkha hai kyoMki vaha karma kA udaya hI hai| jaise karma kA udaya hone ke kAraNa pApa kA phala duHkha hotA hai|" _ vikrama kI unnIsavIM zatAbdI meM AcArya bhikSu ne puNya aura pApa kI nizcayanaya se mImAMsA kii| unhoMne likhA-puNya vAMchanIya nahIM hai| usakI icchA karane se bhI pApa kA baMdha hotA hai| jaise-jaise nyAyazAstra yA tarkazAstra kA vikAsa hotA gayA, vaise-vaise sAmpradAyika abhiniveza aura vAda-vivAda bar3hatA gyaa| jaina AcAryoM ke sAmane lokaiSaNA aura lokasaMgraha kA prazna gauNa thA, ahiMsA kA prazna mukhy| ve tarka ke kSetra meM praveza karake bhI ahiMsA ko nahIM chor3a sakate the| unhoMne tarka para adhyAtma ke aMkuza ko rakhanA sadA pasaMda kiyaa| AcArya siddhasena mahAn tArkika the| unhoMne jaina paramparA ko tArkika dRSTi se samRddha kiyA thaa| phira bhI vivAda aura vitaNDA unheM kAmya nahIM the| ahiMsA yA adhyAtma ke siddhAnta meM vizvAsa karane vAlA isI bhASA meM socegA aura bolegaa| unhoMne apane samaya kI sthiti kA vizleSaNa karate hue likhA hai-"zreya kisI dUsarI dizA meM hai aura hamAre dhuraMdhara vAdI (tarka ke AdhAra para vAda-vivAda karane vAle) kisI dUsarI dizA meM jA rahe haiN| kisI bhI muni ne vAk-yuddha ko ziva (mokSa) kA upAya nahIM batalAyA hai|" siddhasena, samaMtabhadra, akalaMka Adi AcAryoM ne anekAMta ke bIja ko vikasita kiyA vaise hI haribhadrasUri ne samAdhi-yoga kA bIja vikasita kiyaa| maharSi pataMjali ke yogadarzana kI prasiddhi ke bAda pratyeka darzana kI sAdhanA-paddhati yoga ke nAma se prasiddha ho gii| jaina dharma kI sAdhanA-paddhati yoga ke nAma se prasiddha ho gii| jaina dharma kI sAdhanA-paddhati kA nAma mokSamArga thaa| haribhadrasUri ne mokSamArga ko yoga ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyaa| isa viSaya meM yogaviMzikA, yogadRSTisamuccaya, yogabindu, yogazataka unakI mahattvapUrNa kRtiyA~ haiN| unhoMne yoga kI paribhASA isa prakAra kI--"dharma kI samagra pravRtti, mokSa ke sAtha yoga karAtI haiM, isalie vaha yoga hai|" isameM maharSi pataMjali kI 'yogazcittavRttinirodhaH', gItA kI 'samatvaM yoga uccayate', 'yoga: karmamu kauzalam' ina saba paribhASAoM kI samanviti hai|

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252 jaina darzana aura saMskRti AtmA kA anubhava una vyaktiyoM ko hotA hai, jo dhyAna kI gaharAI meM utarate haiN| aise vyakti bahuta kama hote haiN| sAdhAraNa jana anugamana karate haiN| anugamana karane vAloM meM na apanA anubhava hotA hai aura na kisI satya kA sAkSAtkAra / isalie ve apanI anubhUti se nahIM clte| ve dUsaroM kI anubhUti ko mAnakara calate haiN| dharma ke kSetra meM aise logoM kI bahulatA hotI hai, taba adhyAtma kI jyoti vAda-vivAda kI rAkha se Dhaka jAtI hai| jaina AcAryoM ne samanvaya kI dhArA ko pravAhita kara adhyAtma kI jyoti ko prajvalita rakhane kA mahattvapUrNa prayatna kiyA hai| anekAnta kI dRSTi aura syAvAda kI bhASA unheM prApta thii| unhoMne usakA upayoga kara janatA ko batAyA ki adhyAtma sabakA eka hai| yaha dikhAI dene vAlA bheda nirUpaNa kA hai| jitane nirUpaNa ke prakAra haiM, utane hI naya (dRSTikoNa) haiN| naya sApekSa (relative) hote haiN| Apa eka naya ko dUsare naya se nirapekSa kara dekhate haiM, taba donoM nayoM meM virodha pratibhAsita hotA hai| do nayoM ko samanvita kara dekhate haiM, taba ve donoM eka-dUsare ke pUraka rUpa meM dikhAI dete haiN| siddhasena, samantabhadra, akalaMka, haribhadrasUri, devanaMdI, hemacaMdra, yazovijayajI Adi manISiyoM ne saba darzanoM kA samanvaya kara adhyAtma kA nirvivAda dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyaa| unhoMne jaina-zAstroM meM carcita viSayoM kI sAMkhya, bauddha Adi darzanoM se tulanA kI aura unameM carcita viSayoM kI jaina darzana se tulanA kii| jaina AcAryoM ne anekAntavAdI hone ke kAraNa dUsare darzanoM ke dRSTikoNa ko mukta-bhAva se apnaayaa| isase unake darzana kI AdhArahInatA prakaTa nahIM hotI, unakI samanvaya-bhAvanA hI prakaTa hotI hai| ___ haribhadrasUri ne 'zAstravArtAsamuccaya' meM paraspara-virodhI pratibhAsita hone vAle dArzanika tattvoM kA adbhuta samanvaya kiyA hai| unakA vaha grantha samanvaya-granthoM meM advitIya hai| unakA nizcita siddhAnta thA ki adhyAtmacetA vidvAn ke lie koI bhI siddhAnta apanA yA parAyA nahIM hotaa| jo siddhAnta pratyakSa aura anumAna se abAdhita hotA hai. vahI usakA apanA siddhAnta hotA hai| yaha dRSTikoNa adhyAtma ke kSetra meM eka mahattvapUrNa unmeSa hai| vyavahAra jagat nAma aura rUpa se AkrAnta hotA hai| adhyAtma meM guNa kI hI pratiSThA hotI hai| AcArya hemacandra ne somanAtha ke mandira meM zivaliMga ke samakSa cintana kI muktadhArA pravAhita kii| usase unake pratispardhI bhI natamastaka ho ge| unhoMne kahA "bhavabIjAkura jananA, rAgAdyA kSayamupAgatA ysy| brahmA vA viSNu vA, haro jino vA namastasmai // "

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cintana ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM kA yoga 253 "bhavabIja ke aMkura ko paidA karane vAle rAga aura dveSa jinake kSINa ho cuke haiM, usa vItarAga AtmA ko maiM namaskAra karatA hU~, phira usakA nAma brahmA, viSNu, mahAdeva yA jina kucha bhI ho|" vItarAgatA aura anekAnta, ye donoM adhyAtma ke prakAza-stambha haiN| vItarAgatA AtmA kA zuddha rUpa hai| usakI anubhUti kA kSaNa hI Atmopalabdhi kA kSaNa hai| anekAMta satya ke sAkSAtkAra kA sazakta mAdhyama hai| paurANika kAla meM dharma kI dhAraNAeM badala giiN| usakA mukhya rUpa pAralaukika ho gyaa| vaha vartamAna se kaTakara bhaviSya se jur3a gyaa| janamAnasa meM yaha dhAraNA sthira ho gaI ki dharma se paraloka sudharatA hai, svarga milatA hai, mokSa milatA hai| isa dhAraNA ne janatA ko dharma kI vArtamAnika upalabdhiyoM se vaMcita kara bhaviSya ke sunahale svapnoM ke jagat meM pratiSThita kara diyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra. ne isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA thA--"dharma kA phala vartamAna kAla meM hI hotA hai| jisa kSaNa meM usakA AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, usI kSaNa meM karma kA nirodha yA kSaya hotA hai| dharma kA mukhya phala yahI hai|" puNyavAdI dhArA ke pravAha meM yaha vyAkhyA agamya ho rahI thI taba umAsvAti ne eka cintana prastuta kiyA-"svarga ke sukha parokSa haiM, ata: unake bAre meM tumheM vicikitsA ho sakatI hai| mokSa kA sukha unase bhI adhika parokSa hai, ata: usake viSaya meM bhI tuma saMdigdha ho sakate ho| kintu dharma se prApta hone vAlA zAMti kA sukha pratyakSa hai| ise prApta karane meM tuma svataMtra ho| yaha artha-vyaya se prApta nahIM hotA, kintu AtmAnubhUti meM praveza karane se prApta hotA hai|" Aja yaha prazna pUchA jAtA hai ki itane dharmoM ke hone para bhI manuSya itanA azAnta kyoM? itanA krUra kyoM? itanA anaitika kyoM? upAsanA-pradhAna dharma ke pAsa ina praznoM kA koI uttara nahIM hai| saMyama-pradhAna dharma ina praznoM kA uttara de sakatA hai| AcArya hemacaMdra ne dharma kI isI sthiti para cintana kiyA aura unhoMne anubhava kI bhASA meM likhA--he bhagavan ! tumhArI pUjA karane kI apekSA tumhAre AdezoM kA pAlana karanA adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| tumhAre AdezoM kA pAlana karane vAlA satya ko prApta hotA hai unakA pAlana nahIM karane vAlA bhaTaka jAtA hai|" prazna upasthita huA, vItarAga kA Adeza kyA hai? AcArya ne uttara diyA-"unakA Adeza hai saMvara-mana kA saMvaraNa, vANI kA saMvaraNa, kAyA kA saMvaraNa aura zvAsa kA saMvaraNa / " sAdhana-zuddhi AdhyAtmika jagat kAM sAdhya hai-AtmA kI pavitratA aura usakA sAdhana bhI vahI hai| sAdhya aura mAdhana kI ekatA ke vicAra ko AcArya bhikSu ne jo

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254 jaina darzana aura saMskRti saiddhAntika rUpa diyA, vaha unase pahale nahIM miltaa| zuddha sAdhya ke lie sAdhana bhI zuddha hone cAhie, isa vicAra ko unakI bhASA meM jo abhivyakti milI, vaha unase pahale nahIM milii| AcArya bhikSu ne do zatAbdI pUrva kahA thA-"zuddha sAdhya kA sAdhana azuddha nahIM ho sakatA aura zuddha sAdhana kA sAdhya azuddha nahIM ho sktaa| mokSa sAdhya hai aura usakA sAdhana hai sNym| vaha saMyama ke dvArA hI prApta ho sakatA hai|" - sAmyavAdI vicAradhArA yaha hai-lakSya kI pUrti ke lie sAdhana kI zuddhi kA vicAra Avazyaka nahIM hai| lakSya yadi acchA hai to usakI pUrti ke lie bure sAdhanoM kA prayoga bhI Avazyaka ho to vaha karanA caahie| eka bAra thor3A aniSTa hotA hai aura Age iSTa adhika hotA hai| gAMdhIvAdI vicAra yaha hai ki jitanA mahattva lakSya kA hai utanA hI sAdhana kaa| lakSya kI pUrti yenakena prakAreNa nahIM, kintu ucita sAdhanoM ke dvArA hI karanI caahie| AcArya bhikSu ke samaya meM bhI sAdhana-zuddhi ke vicAra ko mahattva na dene vAlI mAnyatA thii| usake anuyAyI kahate the prayojanavaza dharma ke lie bhI hiMsA kA avalambana liyA jA sakatA hai| eka bAra thor3I hiMsA hotI hai, kintu Age usase bahuta dharma hotA hai| AcArya bhikSu ne ise mAnyatA nahIM dii| unhoMne kahA--bAda meM dharma yA pApa hogA, isase vartamAna acchA yA burA nahIM bntaa| kArya kI kasauTI vartamAna yaha sAdhya aura sAdhana kI saMgati hai| inakI visaMgati taba hotI hai jaba yA to sAdhya anAtmika hotA hai yA sAdhana / hRdaya-parivartana zakti ke dabAva aura bAharI prabhAva se rikta mAnasa meM jo Atmaupamya (sabhI prANiyoM ko AtmA ke samAna samajhane kA dRSTikoNa) kA bhAva jAgatA hai, vaha hRdaya-parivartana hai| zakti aura prabhAva se dabakara jo hiMsA se baca jAtA hai, vaha hiMsA kA prayoga bhale na kare, kintu usameM hRdaya kI pavitratA nahIM hai, isalie use hRdaya-parivartana nahIM kahA jA sktaa| . . ahiMsA kA AcaraNa vahI kara sakatA hai jisakA hRdaya badala jaae| ahiMsA kA AcaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu karAyA nahIM jA sktaa| ahiMsaka vahI ho sakatA hai jo apane ko bAharI vAtAvaraNa se sarvathA aprabhAvita rakha ske| .

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cintana ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM kA yoga - 255 AkramaNa ke prati AkramaNa aura zakti-prayoga ke prati zakti-prayoga kara hama hiMsA ke prayogAtmaka rUpa ko TAlane meM saphala ho sakeM, yaha sambhava hai, vaisA kara hama hRdaya ko pavitra kara sakeM yA karA sakeM, yaha sambhava nahIM hai| AcArya bhikSu ne kahA-zakti ke prayoga se jIvana kI surakSA kI jA sakatI hai, para vaha ahiMsA nahIM hai| ahiMsA kA aMkana jIvana yA maraNa se nahIM hotA, usakI abhivyakti hRdaya kI. pavitratA se hotI hai| naitikatA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne gRhastha ke lie jo AcAra-saMhitA nirdhArita kI, usameM naitikatA kA mukhya sthAna hai| gRhastha sAmAjika prANI hai| vaha samAja meM jItA hai| usakA vyavahAra samAja ko prabhAvita karatA hai| adhyAtma vaiyaktika hai| usakA vyavahAra meM par3ane vAlA pratibimba vaiyaktika nahIM hotA, vaha sAmAjika ho jAtA hai| dhArmika vyakti apane anta:karaNa meM AdhyAtmika rahe aura vyavahAra meM pUrA adhArmika, yaha dvaidha adhyAtma kA lakSaNa nahIM hai, adhyAtma Antarika vastu hai| use hama nahIM dekha sakate / usakA darzana vyavahAra ke mAdhyama se hotA hai| jisa vyakti kA vyavahAra zuddha, nizchala aura karuNApUrvaka hotA hai, vaha vyakti AdhyAtmika hai| usakA vyavahAra adhyAtma ko bAhya jagat meM pratibimbita kara detA hai| kintu jaise-jaise dharma ke kSetra meM bahirmukhI bhAva bar3hatA gayA, vaise-vaise dhArmika kA vyaktitva virUpa banatA gayA-eka rUpa upAsanA ke samaya kA aura dUsarA rUpa sAmAjika vyavahAra ke samaya kaa| eka hI vyakti upAsanA ke samaya vItarAga kI pratimUrti bana jAtA hai aura dukAna yA kAryAlaya meM brUra bana jAtA hai| AcAryazrI tulasI ne dharma ke kSetra meM panapa rahI isa dvirUpatA para cintana kara dharmakrAMti kI AvAja utthaaii| usakI kriyAnviti ke lie aNuvrata kA kAryakrama prastuta kiyaa| usakI pRSThabhUmi meM unakA cintana zAzvata hone ke sAtha-sAtha bahuta hI yugIna hai| anaitika kA mUla hetu vaiSamya hai| sAmya kI sthiti kA nirmANa kie binA naitikatA ko vikasita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| sarvadharma-samabhAva aura zAstrajJa upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne zAstrajJa kI pahacAna ke lie tIna mAnadaNDa prastuta kie-anekAMta, madhyasthabhAva aura upazama-kaSAya kI zAMti / unhoMne kahA- "jo vyakti mokSa ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue anekAnta cakSu se saba darzanoM kI tulyatA ko dekhatA hai, vahI zAstrajJa hai|"

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jaina darzana aura saMskRti jisameM rAga-dveSa ke upazamana kI sAdhanA nahIM hotI, vaha madhyastha yA taTastha 'nahIM ho sakatA / madhyastha bhAva kI prApti kie binA koI bhI zAstrajJa nahIM ho sakatA / upAdhyAyajI kI bhASA meM madhyastha bhAva hI zAstra kA artha hai / vaha madhyastha bhAva se hI sahI rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai / zAstrajJa loga dharmavAda ke sthAna para vivAda ko mahattva de rahe the / unako 256 lakSya kara kahA gayA " zamArthaM sarvazAstrANi, vihitAni manISibhiH / sa eva sarvazAstrajJa, yasya zAMta sadA manaH // "manISiyoM ne zAstroM kA nirmANa zAnti ke lie kiyA / saba zAstroM ko jAnane vAlA vahI hai, jisakA mana zAnta hai / " sArAMza yaha hai-dharma ke nAma para azAnti ko ubhArane vAlA zAstrajJa nahIM ho sakatA / jo svayaM azAnta hai, vaha bhI zAstrajJa nahIM ho sakatA / abhyAsa 1. ' zraddhAvAda - hetuvAda' kI dRSTi se AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne jo nayA cintana diyA, use apane zabdoM meM prastuta kareM / 2. " prAcInatA aura navInatA kA saMgharSa sabhI kSetroM meM calatA hai" ise prakaTa karate hue kinhIM do vicAraka AcAryoM ke vicAroM ke AdhAra para usa saMgharSa kA samAdhAna prastuta kreN| 3. "kaliyuga meM saba kucha burA hI hogA" - isa vicAra ko kisane cunautI dI ? 4. adhyAtma ke mukhya unmeSa kauna-kauna se haiM ? 5. " dharma kA phala vartamAna kAla meM hI hotA hai"- -- isa cintana ko kina AcAryoM ne kisa prakAra puSTa kiyA ? 6. "sarvadharma samabhAva rakhane para hI vyakti sahI artha meM zAstrajJa ho sakatA hai " -- ise siddha kareM / 000

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acarama acitta mahAskandha pariziSTa . pAribhASika zabda-koSa dekheM 'crm'| kevalajJAnI (sarvajJa) jIva dvArA vizeSa paristhiti meM eka svAbhAvika kriyA kI jAtI hai jise 'kevalI samudghAta' kahate haiM, isa daurAna unake Atma-pradeza samUce loka meM vyApta hote haiN| usa samaya AtmA se chUTe hue pudgaloM kA jo eka skandha samUce loka meM vyApta ho jAtA hai, vaha acitta mahAskandha kahalAtA adharma-dravya (adharmAstikAya) adhyavasAya anantakAya anumAna (pramANa) dharmAstikAya kI taraha sthiti (agati) kA loka vyApI anivArya maadhym| chaha mUlabhUta dravyoM meM eka hai| dekheM, dharma-dravya / AtmA ke ve 'pariNAma' jo sUkSma stara para cetanA aura karma ke saMyukta prabhAva ko prakaTa karate haiN| adhyavasAya 'citta' ke pUrva kA stara hai| ... eka zarIra meM ananta jIva rahate haiM, unheM ananta-kAya kahate haiN| jamIkaMda (pyAja, lahasuna Adi), paphUMdI, kAI, zevAla Adi anantakAya haiN| sAdhana (hetu) se sAdhya kA jo jJAna hotA hai, use anumAna kahA jAtA hai| anumAna tarka vA kArya hai| aprAmANika nae-nae dharmoM kI aisI kalpanAeM karanA jinakA kahIM anta na aae| jaise-jIva kI gati ke lie gatimAn vAyu kI. usakI gati ke lie kisI dUsare gatimAn padArtha kI. usake lie phira tIsare gatimAn padArtha kI kalpanA krnaa| isa prakAra calate caleM, Akhira hAtha kucha na lage-nirNaya kucha bhI na . ho, vaha anavasthA hai| 2 samaya se lekara 6 minaTa meM eka samaya kama taka kA sArA kAla-mAna antaramaharta kahalAtA hai| jisake hone para anya kA honA hotA hai, unakA sambandha anvayI-sambandha kahalAtA hai| jisake na hone anavasthA doSa antara muhUrta anvaya sambandha

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258 aparyavasita apavartana apoha abhavya jIva abhiniveza.. abhedopacAra arpitAnarpita ka avagraha avadhijJAna ( avadhijJAnI) avidyA 6 jaina darzana aura saMskRti para, anya kA na honA hotA hai, vaha vyatirekI sambandha kahalAtA hai / paryavasAna kA artha hai anta / jisakA anta na ho, vaha aparyavasita kahalAtA hai / jisakA anta ho, vaha saparyavasita kahalAtA hai 1 udvartanA se viparIta avasthA (dekheM udvartanA) / baMdhe hue karmoM kI sthiti aura rasa ko apavartana meM puruSArtha (prayatna) dvArA kama (maMda) kiyA jAtA hai / jisake dvArA saMzaya ke kAraNabhUta vikalpa kA nirAkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha apoha hai / apoha meM gahana cintana apekSita hotA hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra saMsAra meM do prakAra ke jIva haiM-- mokSa prApta karane kI yogyatA rakhane vAle aura na rakhane vaale| pahale prakAra ke bhavya aura sare prakAra ke abhavya jIva kahalAte haiM / -1 mithyA Agraha | artha. kA kinhIM do (vastu, paryAya / Adi) meM kisI apekSA - vizeSa se ekatva kA adhyAropa karanA abhedopacAra kahalAtA hai / 'abheda' hai-- ekatva aura 'upacAra' kA artha hai--adhyAropa karanA / 'amuka apekSA se honA' arpita hai, 'amuka apekSA se na honA' anarpita hai / syAdavAda meM apekSA dRSTi se AdhAra para vastu-dharma kI vivakSA kI jAtI hai| yaha 'arpitAnarpita' paddhati hai / dekheM, IhA / indriyoM kI sahAyatA ke binA sIdhe cetanA dvArA dUra sthita mUrta padArthoM ko jAna lenA avadhijJAna haiM aura avadhijJAna prApta vyakti avadhijJAnI kahalAtA hai / vedAMta darzana ke anusAra brahma hI satya haiM. jagat mithyA hai| yaha bAMdha vidyA hai| isase viparIta bodha avidyA hai|

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pariziSTa / avinAbhAvI avibhAgI 259 vizeSa prakAra kA saMbaMdha--jisake binA jisakI siddhi na ho use avinAbhAvI saMbaMdha kahate haiM, jaisejahA~-jahA~ dhuAM hai, vahA~-vahA~ agni avazya hai| athavA jahA~-jahA~ varSA hai, vahA~-vahA~ megha avazya haiN| jisake vibhAga na ho sake vaha aMza avibhAgI (indivisible) kahalAtA hai| pradeza, paramANu aura samaya avibhAgI haiN| jaina gaNita ke anusAra saMkhyAeM tIna prakAra kI haiM--saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura annt| asaMkhyAta ananta se kama aura saMkhyAta se adhika hai| jisa pravRtti meM hiMsA, asatya, caurya, abrahmacarya, parigraha Adi kA prayoga ho, vaha 'asaMyama-maya' kahalAtI hai| jisa karma ke udaya se duHkha, pIr3A, vedanA Adi kA saMvedana ho, vaha karma asAta vedanIya karma kahalAtA asaMkhyAta asaMyamamaya asAta vedanIya astikAya astitva astitva-viSayaka asti-dharma jo dravya aneka sUkSma vibhAgoM (pradezoM) kA hai aura jo AkAza (space) meM vistAra (extension) banAe rakhatA hai, astikAya hai| vyutpatti kI dRSTi se asti . kA artha hai--pradeza aura kAya kA artha hai-smuuh| honA, vidyamAnatA (existence) / vastu ke mUla astitva ke viSaya meM (ontological) / dharma yAnI guNa yA svbhaav| jo astitva--sUcaka guNa hai vaha asti-dharma hai| dekheM, nAstidharma / agni meM 'uSNatA' asti-dharma hai| jisa padArtha ko kisI hetu yAnI tarka ke dvArA nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| jo AtmA (caitanya-lakSaNa-yukta) ke svatantra caikAlika astitva kA svIkAra kare, vaha siddhAnta / jaina dharma ke mUla zAstra Agama kahalAte haiN| AgamoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI ko unake ahetugamya AtmavAda Agama

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260 Apta Alaya vijJAna AvalikA - Avazyaka karma Astika ishiriki jaina darzana aura saMskRti pramukha jJAnI ziSyoM (gaNadharoM) dvArA gumphita kiyA jAtA hai| jo yathArtha jJAna ke dhAraka haiM aura yathArtha pratipAdana karate haiM, ve Apta kahalAte haiN| jaina darzana 'vItarAga' ko hI Apta mAnatA hai| cetanA-santati / bauddha darzana ke anusAra cetanA kI jo santati yAnI zrRMkhalA hai, vaha Alaya-vijJAna kahalAtA hai| yaha kAla-sUcaka eka ati sUkSma nApa hai| 48 minaTa meM 1,67,77,216 AvalikAeM hotI haiN| zrAvaka va sAdhu ko apane vrata kI rakSA ke lie nitya chaha kriyA karanI Avazyaka haiN| jo indriya ke vazya (adhIna) nahIM hai use Avazyaka kahate haiN| aise saMyamI ke rAta va dina meM karane yogya kAryoM kA nAma Avazyaka hai| sAmAnyatayA Izvara meM vizvAsa rakhane vAlA vyakti Astika kahalAtA hai, para vyApaka dRSTi se cintana karane para AtmA, paramAtmA, paraloka, dharma, puNya-pApa Adi lokottara tattvoM meM vizvAsa rakhane vAlA Astika hai| karma grahaNa karane vAle AtmA ke pariNAma Asrava kahalAte haiN| ye cetanA kI ve avasthAeM haiM jo karma-baMdhana ke lie jimmedAra haiN| inheM 'Asrava-dvAra' bhI kahA jAtA hai kyoMki ye karma ke praveza ke lie khule dvAra haiN| dekheM 'prinnaam'| mithyAtva, avrata, pramAda aura kaSAya-ye cAra Asrava-catuSTaya kahalAte haiN| indriya aura vastu ke saMbaMdha hote hI 'sattA' (hai) kA bodha honA 'avagraha' hai| avagraha dvArA jAne hue padArtha ke svarUpa kA nizcaya karane ke lie vimarza karane vAle jJAnakrama kA nAma IhA hai| cetana va acetana donoM hI dravya apanI jAti ko kabhI nahIM chodd'te| phira bhI antaraMga aura bahiraMga Azrava Atrama-catuSTaya - utpAda

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pariziSTa 261 udaya udIraNA udvartanA upAdAna kAraNa (Material Cause) nimitta se prati-samaya apane Apa meM jo navIna avasthA kI prApti hotI hai use utpAda kahate haiN| dekheM, vyy| karma jaba bhoge jAte haiM, taba unakI avasthA ko 'udaya' kahate haiN| karma kI eka avasthA jisase nirdhArita samaya se pUrva karmoM ko udaya meM lAyA jAtA hai| udIraNA meM apavartanA honA jarUrI hai| udIraNA puruSArtha yA anya nimitta se bhI ho sakatI hai| udIraNA kI prakriyA se jIva vizeSa puruSArtha dvArA nirdhArita samaya se pUrva unase mukta ho sakatA hai| karma kI avasthA jisameM karma kI sthiti aura anubhAga meM vRddhi hotI hai| arthAt jisase baMdhe hue karmoM kA kAla-mAna bar3ha jAtA hai aura rasa (vipAka) tIvra bana jAtA hai, vaisA prayala vartanA kI avasthA ke lie jimmevAra hai| . jo kAraNa svayaM kArya rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai, vaha upAdAna kAraNa kahalAtA hai| jaise ghar3e kA upAdAna kAraNa miTTI hai| grahaNa karane yogya, hitakara / dekheM, hey| vaidika paramparA ke maulika grantha, jo vedoM ke bAda RSiyoM dvArA race ge| vastu meM do prakAra ke dharma haiM--kramavartI aura akramavartI yA sahavartI / kramavartI ko Urdhva pracaya aura akramavartI ko tiryaka pracaya kahate haiN| Urdhva pracaya 'kAla' kI apekSA se hai, tiryakpracaya kSetra (AkAza) kI apekSA se haiN| anukaraNa kI pravRtti athavA avyakta cetanA yA sAmAnya upayoga, jaise--latAeM vRkSa para car3hatI haiN| yaha vRkSArohaNa kA jJAna ogha-saMjJA hai| vIrya kA artha hai--aatm-shkti| labdhi-vIrya ko kAma meM lekara AtmA upayukta pudgaloM (zarIra Adi) ke saMyoga se jo sAmarthya paidA karatA hai, use upAdeya upaniSad Urdhva-pracaya aura tiryak-pracaya ogha-saMjJA karaNa-vIrya

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262 karmavAda kaSAya 7. gapti kevalajJAna, kevalI kriyAvAda jaina darzana aura saMskRti karaNa-vIrya yA kriyAtmaka zakti kahA jAtA hai| karaNa-vIrya meM jIva aura pudgala kI milI-julI zakti hai| dekheM, labdhi-vIrya / jo AtmA dvArA kie gae zubha-azubha karmoM ke phalasvarUpa AtmA ke sAtha baMdhane vAle karma nAmaka pudgala vizeSa kA vAstavika astitva svIkAra kare, vaha siddhAMta / krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha-ye cAra kaSAya haiN| jIva meM kaSAya ke 'pariNAma' moha-karma ke udaya ke kAraNa nirantara bane rahate haiN| kaSAya 'Asrava' hai| zarIra kI kriyAoM kA saMyama karanA kAya-gupti hai| jaise-calanA, hilanA-DulanA Adi kA nirodha kara sthira rhnaa| sampUrNa nigavaraNa jJAna yAnI sarvajJatA 'kevala jJAna' hai aura kevala-jJAna prApta vyakti kevalI kahalAte haiN| jo mokSa ke lie prarUpita sAdhanA-paddhati meM vizvAsa kare, vaha siddhaaNt| prAcIna yuga meM kriyAvAda AstikavAda kA hI paryAyavAcI thaa| cAra ghAtya karmoM ke vipAka-udaya ke abhAva ko kSayopazama kahate haiN| kSayopazama meM pradezodaya hotA hai, vipAkodaya kA abhAva hotA hai yA manda vipAkodaya hI hotA hai| jo karma udaya-AvalikA meM praviSTa ho cuke haiM unakA kSaya hotA hai aura jo udaya meM nahIM Ae haiM unakA vipAka-udaya na honA arthAt upazama honaa| yaha upazama kSaya ke dvArA upalakSita hai, ataeva kSayopazama kahalAtA hai| jo muni rAga-dveSa Adi doSoM ko kSINa kara cuke haiM yAnI vItarAga bana cuke haiM, ve vaidika paramparA meM kSINadoSayati kahalAte haiN| jIva saMsAra meM vibhinna paryAyoM (avasthAoM) meM janma grahaNa karatA rahatA hai| kabhI vaha manuSya banatA hai, kabhI pazu aadi| ina avasthAoM ko mukhya rUpa se cAra prakAra meM bA~TA gayA hai, jise 'gati' kahate haiN| kSayopazama kSINadoSayati gati

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pariziSTa gaveSaNA guNa guNasthAna ghAtya-karma carama jalpa jIvaccharIra jJeya tajjIva- taccharIravAda tiryak- pracaya tiryag-loka 263 mRtyu ke bAda jIva munaSya, deva, nAraka yA tiryaMca (pazu, pakSI, kITa-pataMga yA sthAvara jIva Adi) -- ina cAra gatiyoM meM se kisI eka gati meM jAtA hai aura janma letA hai 1 jisa jJAna ke dvArA apane apUrva astitva kI khoja kI jAtI hai| vaha gaveSaNA hai| gaharAI se chAnabIna karanA gaveSaNA hai / dravya ke sahabhAvI dharma ko guNa kahate haiM / guNa sadA dravya ke pAsa rahatA hai / dekheM, bhUmikAeM jo karma AtmA ke mUla svabhAva jJAna, darzana, zraddhA aura cAritra tathA zakti ko hAni pahu~cAte haiM, ve ghAtyakarma kahalAte haiM / jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya - ye cAra ghAtya karma haiM zeSa cAra aghAtya haiM / antima yA utkRSTa / jo carama nahIM hai, vaha acarama hai 1 pramANa aura tarka ke dvArA svapakSa kA sthApana aura parapakSa kA khaNDana hone para aura siddhAnta ke anukUla hone para bhI yadi chala, jAti aura nigraha - sthAna kA prayoga kiyA jAya, to vaha jalpa kahA jAtA hai / sajIva zarIra / jaba taka AtmA (jIva) zarIra meM hai, taba taka jIvaccharIra kahalAtA hai / jAnane yogya yA jise jAnate haiM, vaha vastu / jo siddhAnta jIva aura zarIra ko eka mAnatA hai. jIva ke svatantra astitva ko svIkAra nahIM karatA / dekheM, Urdhva-pracaya | loka tIna prakAra kA hai - tirachA, UMcA aura nIcA / tiryag loka (tirachA loka) aThAraha sau yojanA UMcA aura asaMkhya dvIpa - samudra - pariNAma vistRta hai / asaMkhya dvIpa - samudra tiryak samabhUmi para tirache avasthita haiN| ataH usako tiryag loka kahate haiM / yaha pUre loka ke madhya meM haiM / 1

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264 trasa trasa-nAr3I jaina darzana aura saMskRti saMsArI jIva kA eka prakAra jo gamanAgamana karane meM sakSama hai| hita kI pravRtti evaM ahita kI nivRtti ke nimitta gamana karane vAle jIva trasa kahalAte haiN| pUre loka kA madhyavartI vaha bhAga jahA~ gamanazIla prANI janma lete haiM, use trasa-nAr3I kahate haiN| vasa-nAr3I caudaha rajjU lambI hotI hai, para usakI gaharAI aura caur3AI kevala eka rajjU hai| yoga darzana ke anusAra duHkha ke tIna prakAra haiM1. AdhyAtmika, 2. Adhibhautika, 3. aadhidaivik| ve karma jo puruSArtha-vizeSa ke dvArA parivartita ho trividha duHkha dalika sakate haiN| deza dravya dravya karma dravya indriya dravyArthika naya kisI bhI vastu kA buddhi dvArA parikalpita eka vibhAga yA aMza 'deza' kahalAtA hai| deza vastu se sadA saMlagna hotA hai| faga do iftar ygtef (ultimate substances) jinheM anya padArtha meM badalA nahIM jA sktaa| jaina darzana ne chaha dravya mAne haiM-dharma dravya (gati-mAdhyama), adharma dravya (sthiti-mAdhyama), AkAza, kAla, pudgala aura jiiv| AtmA ke sAtha baMdhanevAle karma-pudgala 'dravya-karma' kahalAte haiN| (dekheM, bhaav-krm)| dekheM, bhAva indriy| naya kA artha hai dRssttikonn| jaba vastu ko kevala dravya kI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA hai, taba usa dRSTikoNa ko dravyArthika naya kahate haiN| dravya hI jisakA prayojana ho, vaha dravyArthika hai| paryAya (aMza) ko gauNa karake jo isa loka meM dravya (aMza) ko grahaNa karatA hai, vaha drAvyArthika naya hai| dekheM, paryAyArthika naya / jisa pudgala meM do paramANu hote haiM, vaha dvipradezI yA dvayaNuka skandha kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra tripradezI. catuHpradezI Adi skandha hote haiN| dekheM, skandha / dharma kA darzana (Philosophy of Religion) dharma-darzana hai| dharma lokottara tattva meM mAnyatA kI sacaka praNAlI hai| dvipradezI (dvayaNuka) skandha dharma-darzana

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pariziSTa dharma-dravya (dharmAstikAya) dhrauvya naya nAstika 265 loka vyApI gati kA anivArya mAdhyama jo abhautika aura acetana (ajIva) dravya hai| kisI bhI prakAra kI gati meM yaha anivAryatayA sahAyaka hotA hai| chaha mUlabhUta dravyoM meM se eka hai| zAzvata / anAdikAlIna pAriNAmika svabhAva kA na utpAda hotA hai aura na vyaya kintu vaha sthira rahatA hai| isalie use dhruva kahA jAtA hai| tathA isa dhruva kA bhAva yA karma dhrauvya kahalAtA hai| jaise miTTI ke piNDa aura ghaTAdi avasthAoM meM miTTI kA anvaya banA rahatA hai| dekheM, utpAda aura vyaya / ananta dharmAtmaka hone se vastu jaTila hai| usakA sampUrNa jJAna, "pramANa" aura aMza "naya" kahalAtA hai| naya sAta haiM--naigama, saMgraha, RjusUtra, samabhirUr3ha, nizcaya, vyavahAra, evaM bhuut| jo Astika nahIM hai, vaha nAstika hai| dekheM aastik| dharma yAni guNa yA svbhaav| jo "nAstitva" sUcaka guNa hai, vaha nAstika-dharma hai| dekheM, asti-dharma / agni meM "zItatA" nAsti-dharma hai| ve karma jo kisI bhI puruSArtha ke dvArA parivartita nahIM ho skte| udvartanA, apavartanA, udIraNA, Adi kisI bhI "karaNa" kA prayoga jisameM saMbhava nahIM hai| sUkSma ekendriya tathA anantakAya vanaspati ke jIva nigoda kahalAte haiN| nigoda ke jIva eka muhUrta 48 minaTa meM) 65536 bhava (janma-mRtyu) kara lete haiN| yaha jIva kI nyUnatama vikasita avasthA hai| bauddha darzana meM pratipAdita Arya-satyoM meM cauthaa| karmoM meM AMzika viccheda ke kAraNa hone vAlI AtmA kI nirmala avsthaa| upacAra se nirjarA meM nimittabhUta kriyA-tapasyA ko bhI nirjarA kahA jAtA. nAsti-dharma nikAcita nigoda nirodha nirjarA hai| parama astivAdI parama aastik| AtmA aura mokSa kI parama vAstavikatA ko svIkAra karane vaale| .

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_266 pariNAma pariNamana paryAya paryAyArthika naya palAyanavAda pudgala pRthvIkAyika jIva paudgalika pratilekhana pradeza jaina darzana aura saMskRti pariNamana ko pariNAma bhI kahate haiM, jo jIva Adi dravyoM kI sUkSma avasthAeM haiM, jinameM sUkSma parivartana ghaTita hotA rahatA hai| jaise jIva ke vibhinna pariNAma hote haiM - karma baMdhana ke karma ko rokane Adi / parivartana / pratyeka dravya meM satata calane vAlI parivartana ko pariNamana kahate haiN| 1 zAbdika artha hai-- avasthA kA parivartana / pUrva AkAra (avasthA) ke parityAga aura uttara AkAra kI upalabdhi ko paryAya kahate haiM / paryAya sadA badalatI rahatI hai / yaha dravya kA badalane vAlA dharma hai| paryAya dravya aura guNa -- donoM kI hotI hai / jaba vastu ko kevala paryAya kI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA hai, taba usa dRSTikoNa ko paryAyArthika naya kahA jAtA hai / dekheM, dravyArthika nayaH / saMsAra ke karttavyoM se vimukha hokara bhAga chUTanA - saMnyAsI bana jAnA / jaina darzana meM bhautika tattva (physical order of existence) ke lie prayukta pAribhASika zabda jisameM samasta jar3a padArtha (matter) aura sabhI prakAra kI jar3a UrjAoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra pRthvI yAnI miTTI, khanija padArtha Adi " jIva" hote haiN| ina jIvoM ko pRthvIkAyika jIva kI saMjJA dI gaI hai-- pRthvI hai kAyA jisakI, vaha pRthvIkAyika / pudgala kA aura pudgala se sambandhita / dekheM, pudgala / jaina sAdhu pratidina apane pAsa rakhI huI sabhI vastuoM - vastra, pAtra Adi kA nirIkSaNa karate haiM, ise pratilekhana kahate haiN| nirIkSaNa kA uddezya hai, vastuoM meM koI jIva-jantu ho, to use dekhakara sAvadhAnIpUrvaka haTAnA / dravya kA niraMza avayava / kisI bhI dravya kA vaha saMlagna sUkSma aMza jise do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita nahIM

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pariziSTa pradeza-udaya pramANa 267 kiyA jA sktaa| yaha pratyeka dravya kI kSetrIya ikAI hai| bhUmiti ke bindu (point) ke sAtha isakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| karma jaba udaya avasthA ko prApta hote haiM, to pahale pradeza-udaya hotA hai, phira vipaak-udy| pradeza-udaya meM karma kA nAma mAtra udaya hotA hai| usakA phala to vipAka udaya meM hI milatA hai| dekheM, udaya / yathArtha jJAna ko pramANa kahA jAtA hai| pramANa ke viSaya ko prameya kahate haiN| yathArtha jJAna ko pramANa kahate haiN| jo padArtha jJAna kA viSaya hai vaha prameya hai| . abhAva kA eka bhed| kArya kA apanI utpatti se pahale na honA usakA prAgabhAva hai| AtmA ke sAtha bandhe hue karma jo use saMsArAvasthA meM bAMdhe rakhate haiN| janma se lekara mRtyu paryanta manuSya, deva Adi jisa "gati" meM AtmA rahatI hai vaha eka "bhava" kahalAtA pramaya prAgabhAva (prAg + abhAva) bandha bhAva-indriya nAka, kAna Adi indriyoM kI bAharI aura bhItarI paudgilaka racanA (AkAra-vizeSa) dravyendriya kahalAtI hai, isase viparIta AtmA ko jAnane kI yogyatA aura pravRtti bhAvendrika kahalAtI hai| jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa karmoM ke kSayopazama se utpanna sparza Adi viSayoM ko jAnane kI zakti tathA artha ko grahaNa karane vAlA AtmA kA vyApAra (pravatti) bhAvendriya ke antargata Ate haiN| karma-baMdha meM hetubhUta AtmA kI avasthA bhAva karma kahalAte haiN| bhAva-karma dravya-karma ke baMdhana kA mUla kAraNa hai| dravya karma ajIva hai. bhAva karma jIva (AtmA kI hI avasthA hai)| / jIva jo vANI bolatA hai, vaha cAra prakAroM meM se kisI eka prakAra kI ho sakatI hai1. satya bhASA-satya (yathArtha) bAta bolnaa|' bhAva-karma bhASA (cAra prakArasatya, asatya, mizra, - vyavahAra)

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268 bhUmikA ( guNasthAna) mana gupti mArga mArgaNA mImAMsA mokSa yathArtha jJAna yukti yojana rajjU jaina darzana aura saMskRti 2. asatya bhASA -- asatya (ayathArtha) bAta bolanA / 3. mizra bhASA - satya aura asatya kA mizrita rUpa mizra bhASA kahalAtI hai, jo kapaTapUrvaka bolI jAtI hai / 4. vyavahAra bhASA- -jo satya, asatya na ho / jaise - Adeza, upadeza denA / AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke vibhinna stara guNasthAna kahalAte haiM / inheM adhyAtma kI bhUmikAeM bhI kahA jAtA hai| ye caudaha haiN| pahalI cAra bhUmikAeM asaMyamI jIvoM kI, pAMcavIM saMyatAsaMyata kI aura chaThI se caudahavIM taka saMyata jIvoM kI hotI hai 1 rAga, dveSa Adi kaluSa bhAvoM se mana ko haTA lenA manogupti hai / mAnasika cintana, smRti, kalpanA Adi meM pravRtta na honA / bauddha darzana meM pratipAdita aSTAMgika sAdhanA-patha / z2ina-pravacana dRSTa jIva jina bhAvoM ke dvArA khoje jAte haiM, unheM mArgaNA kahate haiM / " " avagraha" ke dvArA gRhIta artha vizeSa rUpa se jisake dvArA vicArA jAtA hai, use mImAMsA kahate haiM / sAmAnya bhASA meM isakA artha hai-- gaharAI se cintana karanA / saba karmoM se mukta AtmA kI avasthA mokSa hai / jaisI vastu hai, use usI rUpa meM jAnanA / nyAya saMgata yA tarkasaMgata vicAra | dUrI mApane kA prAcInakAlIna mApa / sAmAnyataH 1 yojana ke 8 mIla hote haiN| para jo zAzvata - kAlIna kSetra Adi haiM, unake mApa sAmAnya se 1000 gune hote haiM / ataH usa sandarbha meM yojana 8000 mIla hotA hai| vizAla dUrI nApane kA eka mApa jo jaina vizva - vijJAna meM prayukta huA hai| Adhunika vijJAna jo 'prakAza-varSa' kA prayoga lambI dUriyoM ke mApane

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pariziSTa rUpI labdhi-vIrya lezyA lokavAda loka-saMjJA lokAyata mata ' vacana- gupti vastu- vRtta vAda ~ vijAtIya sambandha 269 ke lie karatA hai, usake sAtha yaha tulanIya hotA hai / eka rajjU ke asaMkhyAta yojana hote haiM / muurt| jisa padArtha meM varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza ho, vaha rUpI aura na ho, vaha arUpI kahalAtA hai| pudgala dravya rUpI hai, zeSa pA~ca dravya arUpI haiM / vIrya kA artha hai- Atma-zakti / antarAya karma ke dvArA isakA nirodha hotA hai / jaba antarAya-karma kA vilaya (AMzika) kiyA jAtA hai, taba bhItara kI zakti prakaTa ho sakatI hai / dekheM, karaNa - vIrya / AtmA ke ve pariNAma jo vizeSa prakAra ke raMgIna pudgaloM ke prabhAva se banate haiM / lezyA kA zubhatva aura azubhatva raMga para AdhArita hai / kRSNa (kAlA), nIla aura kApota (kabUtarI) raMga azubha lezyA ko utpanna karate haiM, jabaki tejasa (lAla), padma (pIlA) aura zukla (sapheda) raMga zubha lezyA ko utpanna karate haiM I jo loka-- sabhI dravyoM ke samUha rUpa vizva kI vAstavika sattA -- ko zAzvata mAne, vaha siddhAnta / laukika kalpanAeM athavA vyakta cetanA yA vizeSa upayoga / athAt vizeSa avabodha ko loka-saMjJA kahate haiM, jisakA tAtparya haiM vibhAgAtmaka jJAna -- indriya jJAna aura mAnasa jJAna / nAstika darzana kI eka vicAradhArA jo AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra karatI haiM / asatya bhASaNa Adi se nivRtta honA athavA mauna dhAraNa karanA vacanagupti hai / vastu ke guNa-dharma yA svabhAva, lakSaNa Adi / hAra-jIta ke abhiprAya se kI gaI kisI viSaya sambandhI carcA vAda kahalAtA hai / AtmA aura karma (pudgala) do svatantra dravya haiM. donoM vijAtIya haiN| unakA sambandha "vijAtIya sambandha" kahalAtA hai /

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270 vitaNDA vipAka - udaya vItarAga vaibhAvika dazA vaibhAvika parivartana (paryAya) vyaya vyutpattimAna zarIra- nAma - karma zramaNa jaina darzana aura saMskRti svapakSa kI sthApanA kiye binA, kevala para-pakSa kA khaNDana karanA vitaNDA hai / jaba karma udaya meM Ate haiM (arthAt bhoge jAte haiM), taba ve do prakAra se udaya meM Ate haiM-- pahale pradeza-udaya arthAt sattA (abAdhA kAla) kI samApti para karmoM kA Atma- pradeza meM bhogA jaanaa| usake pazcAt ve vipAka - udaya meM Ate haiM, jisameM ve apanA phala dete haiM / vizeSa puruSArtha ke dvArA vipAka-udaya na hone diyA jAya, to binA phala- bhukti bhI AtmA karma se mukta ho jAtI hai / kSayopazama meM yahI prakriyA hotI hai / dekheM, kSayopazama / jo rAga aura dveSa - donoM ko samApta kara dete haiM, ve vItarAga kahalAte haiM / jo apanA svabhAva na ho, anya nimittoM ke kAraNa jo dazA ghaTita ho, vaha vaibhAvika dazA hai / jaise--AtmA kA svabhAva hai-karma-mukta dazA aura janma-mRtyu yA - saMsAra hai vaibhAvika dazA / jIva ke nimitta se pudgala meM aura pudgala ke nimitt se jIva meM jo parivartana hotA hai vaha vaibhAvika parivartana kahalAtA hai / pUrva avasthA ke tyAga ko vyaya kahate haiM / jaise ghaTa kI utpatti hone para piNDa rUpa AkAra kA tyAga ho jAtA hai / dekheM, utpAda / jisa zabda kI vyutpatti arthavAn ho, vaha vyutpattimAna zabda hai / ATha karmoM meM eka hai nAma-karma, jisake udaya se jIva zarIra-sambandhI vibhinna sAmagrI prApta karatA hai / nAma-karma kA eka bheda hai 'zarIra- nAma - karma' jisase zarIra prApta hotA hai / udAharaNArtha, audArika zarIra nAma karma ke udaya se audArika zarIra, vaikiya zarIra nAma karma ke udaya se vaikriya zarIra Adi / prAcIna kAla se bhArata meM pracalita saMskRti aura paramparA jo vedoM meM vizvAsa nahIM rakhatI thI / brAhmaNa

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pariziSTa 271 zreya saMkramaNa saMghAta saMjJA sat (Reality) santati saMvara yA vaidika saMskRti aura paramparA isakI virodhI thii| jaina aura bauddha dharma zramaNoM kI dena hai| apanA kalyANa yA Atma-kalyANa puruSArtha Adi ke dvArA baMdhe hue karmoM kI prakRti samAna jAtIya prakRti meM rUpAntarita kI jAtI hai| use saMkramaNa kahate haiN| jaise--'asAta-vedanIya' karma ko 'sAta-vedanIya' meM rUpAntarita kara denaa| ekatrIkaraNa, milana (association. fusion) : vRttiyA~ (instincts) jo cetanA meM Antarika stara para sadaiva vidyamAna rahatI haiN| sat astitva kA sUcaka hai| utpAda vyaya va dhrauvya ina tInoM kI yugapat avasthiti sat hai| jo vAstavika hai vaha sat hai| jo avAstavika hai vaha asat hai| lambI zrRMkhalA yA pravAha rUpa se calane vAlI prmpraa| karma-pudgaloM kA nirodha karane vAlI AtmA kI avsthaa| sAMsArika dazA se mukta hone kI sthiti / dekheM, aparyavasita / jisake "pradeza" hote haiM, ve sapradezI kahalAtA hai| dekheM, prdesh| kAla kA sUkStama avibhAgI (avibhAjya) aMza "samaya" kahalAtA hai| asaMkhyAta samayoM kI eka AvalikA hotI hai| dekheM, aavlikaa| mnussy-lok| loka ke jisa hisse meM vyAvahArika kAla (dina, rAta Adi) hotA hai, vaha kSetra samaya-kSetra kahalAtA hai| bauddha darzana meM pratipAdita Arya-satyoM meM dUsarA / jisase lakSya prApta kiyA jAtA hai| jise prApata karanA hai, vaha lakSya / paramANuoM ke ekIbhAva ko skandha kahate haiN| do paramANuoM ke milane se banane vAlA skandha dvi-pradezI saMsAra-mokSa saparyavasita sapradezI samaya samaya-kSetra samudAya sAdhana sAdhya skandha

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272 sthAvara sthAvara-nAr3I sthiti . jaina darzana aura saMskRti skandha kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra asaMkhyAta pradezI, ananta pradezI skandha hote haiN| saMsArI jIvoM kA eka prakAra jinameM calane-phirane kI kSamatA nahIM hai| pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu va vanaspatikAya ke ekendriya jIva apane sthAna para sthita rahane ke kAraNa sthAvara kahalAte haiN| trasa-nAr3I ke atirikta loka kA bhAga sthAvara nAr3I kahalAtA hai| dekheN-trs-naaddii| jaba karma baMdhate haiM to usI samaya inakI sthiti (kAlAvadhi) bhI nirdhArita hotI hai, use "sthiti" yA sthiti-baMdha kahA jAtA hai| jitanI sthiti hotI hai, utane samaya taka ve karma jIva ke sAtha rahate haiM, bAda meM AtmA se alaga ho jAte haiN| isakA artha hai "kisI eka apekSA se"| yaha avyaya hai, jo syAdvAda meM prayukta hotA hai| apane Apase AvirbhUta, kisI anya ke dvArA banAyA huA nhiiN| jo pratyakSa jJAna kevala AtmAnubhUti kA hI viSaya bana sakatA hai, vaha svasaMvedana pratyakSa hai| use dUsaroM ko anubhava nahIM karAyA jA sktaa| bauddha darzana meM prayukta pAribhASika zabda jisakA artha hai-mokss| jo kisI hetu yA tarka dvArA jAnA jA sakatA hai / chor3ane yogya, ahitakara / dekheM, upAdeya / syAt svayaMjAta . .. svasaMvedana pratyakSa hAna hatugamya heya 000