Jain Darshan me Nayvad

Author(s): Sukhnandan Jain
Publisher: Bharatiya Gyanpith
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004231/1

Page #1
jainadarzana meM nayavAda DaoN. sukhanandana jaina For Personal & Private Use Only .

Page #2
jainadarzana meM nayavAda bhAratIya darzana ke kSetra meM 'nayavAda' jainAcAryoM kI eka maulika dena hai| nayavAda kA jainadarzana meM eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| anekAntavAda evaM syAvAda ke siddhAntoM kA vivecana bhI isI ke sAtha kiyA jAtA vidvAna lekhaka ne sampUrNa jaina vAGmaya ke Aloka meM tathA anya bhAratIya darzana kI tulanA meM nayavAda kA eka aisA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai jo darzana ke kSetra meM naye tathyoM ke udghATana ke sAthasAtha apanI upayogitA evaM mahattva ko udghoSita karatA hai| jIvana meM kaI prakAra ke vicAra jo eka-dUsare ke virodhI pratIta hote haiM unakA samanvaya Adhunika jIvana kI eka bahuta bar3I AvazyakatA hai| nayavAda kA mUla uddezya yahI hai| nayavAda isa dizA meM eka samartha dRSTi detA hai| nayavAda kI jitanI upayogitA saiddhAntika dRSTi se hai utanI hI vyAvahArika dRSTi se bhii| vAstava meM, nayavAda ke vivecana ke binA jaina siddhAntoM kI vyAkhyA hI nahIM kI jA sktii| isa grantha meM kula pA~ca adhyAya haiN| inameM lekhaka ne jaina vAGmaya meM vivecita anyatama upAya 'naya' ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue pramANa ke sAtha usake antara ko vistAra se nirUpita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| sAtha hI, nayoM ke samanvayavAdI, saiddhAntika aura AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNoM para prakAza DAlate hue unake bheda-prabhedoM ko bhI eka sImA meM prastuta karane kI sArthaka ceSTA kI hai| isa viSaya para hindI meM aba taka prakAzita granthoM meM mahattvapUrNa evaM upayogI kRti| ISBN: 978-81-263-1946-6 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #3
jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #4

Page #5
jainadarzana meM nayavAda DaoN. sukhanandana jaina PARD TLENie mA Read mAtA bhAratIya jJAnapITha For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #6
ISBN 978-81-263-1900-8 mUrtidevI granthamAlA : hindI granthAMka : 44 prakAzaka : bhAratIya jJAnapITha 18, insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa nayI dillI-110003 mudraka : vikAsa kampyUTara aiMDa priMTarsa, dillI- 110 032 AvaraNa-sajjA : jJAnapITha kalA prabhAga pahalA saMskaraNa : 2010 mUlya : 225 rupaye (c) bhAratIya jJAnapITha JAIN DARSHAN MEIN NAYAVAD (Jain Philosophy) by Dr. Sukhnandan Jain Published by Bharatiya Jnanpith 18, Institutional Area, Lodi Road New Delhi-110 003 e-mail : jnanpith@satyam.net.in, sales@jnanpith.net website : www.jnanpith.net First Edition: 2010 Price: Rs. 225 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #7
abhIkSNa jJAnopayogI, mahAna dArzanika, AdhyAtmika saMta paramapUjya siddhAntacakravartI AcArya zrI vidyAnanda munirAja ko savinaya samarpita For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #8

Page #9
Amukha nayavAda kA jainadarzana meM eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| anekAnta tathA syAvAda ke siddhAntoM kA vivecana isI ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai| Adhunika yuga meM paraspara virodhI vicAroM ke dvArA bhinna-bhinna vAda sAmAjika, Arthika aura rAjanItika kSetra meM eka dUsare para AkramaNa kara rahe haiM, unameM paraspara koI samanvaya sthApita nahIM ho pA rahA hai| aisI paristhiti meM jainadarzana kA syAdvAda tathA nayavAda kA siddhAnta paraspara virodhI vicAroM ke samanvaya kA siddhAnta hamAre samakSa prastuta karatA hai| syAvAda tathA nayavAda kA mUlatattva yahI hai ki jIvana meM kaI prakAra ke vicAra jo eka dUsare ke virodhI pratIta hote haiM, unakA samanvaya Adhunika jIvana kI eka bahuta bar3I AvazyakatA hai| jainadarzana kA nayavAda tathA syAdvAda isa dizA meM eka samartha dRSTi detA hai| isalie isakA adhyayana Adhunika jagat meM aura adhika Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| jainadarzana ke saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza tathA bAda ke anya sabhI mUla granthoM meM naya kA vivecana kiyA hai| vAstava meM nayavAda ke vivecana ke binA jaina siddhAntoM kI vyAkhyA kI hI nahIM jA. sktii| - jaina siddhAnta kI mUla mAnyatA hai ki vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai aura ina anantaM dharmoM kA vivecana yA adhigama pramANa tathA naya ke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| pramANa vastu ke sampUrNa svarUpa ko grahaNa karatA hai tathA naya vastu ke eka deza ko grahaNa karatA hai| isI AdhAra para pramANa saptabhaMgI kA bhI vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| naya kA sAmAnya artha hai-jJAtA arthAt jAnane vAle kA abhipraay| jJAtA kA vaha abhiprAya vizeSa naya hai jo pramANa dvArA jAnI gaI vastu ke eka sAta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #10
deza ko sparza karatA hai| nayavAda kI jitanI upayogitA saiddhAntika dRSTi se hai utanI hI vyAvahArika dRSTi se bhii| vastu svarUpa kA vivecana karate samaya naya kI apekSA kathana kiyA jAtA hai, isI prakAra vyavahAra meM jo bhI zabda prayukta hotA hai, vaha naya kI apekSA se hotA hai| vyavahAra kA sampUrNa satya isI ke antargata AtA hai| pramANa aura naya ke sAtha nikSepa kA vivecana AtA hai| pramANa aura naya ke dvArA pracalita loka vyavahAra 'nikSepa' kahalAtA hai| isa dRSTi se naya ke . vivecana meM nikSepa kA vivecana samAhita rahatA hai| nayavAda kA vivecana jainadarzana kA aisA anivArya aMga hai ki jaina vAGmaya meM Agama sAhitya se lekara Adhunikatama sAhitya meM isakA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| bhAratIya darzana ke kSetra meM nayavAda jainAcAryoM kI eka maulika dena hai| vastutaH Aja isa bAta kI AvazyakatA hai ki sampUrNa jaina vAGmaya ke . Aloka meM tathA anya bhAratIya darzanoM kI tulanA meM nayavAda kA eka aisA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA jAe, jo darzana ke kSetra meM navIna tathyoM ke udghATana ke sAtha-sAtha apanI upayogitA aura mahattva kA udghoSaka ho| prastuta grantha isI uddezya pUrti kI dizA meM kiyA gayA eka laghu prayAsa hai| isa grantha meM kula pA~ca adhyAya haiM, jinameM jaina vAGmaya meM vivecita tattvAdhigama ke anyatama upAya 'naya' ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue pramANa ke sAtha usake antara ko vizada rUpa se nirUpita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI nayoM ke samanvayavAdI, saiddhAntika tathA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNoM para paryApta prakAza DAlate hue unake bheda-prabhedoM ko bhI eka sImA meM prastuta karane kI ceSTA kI gayI hai| saMkSepa meM prastuta grantha meM vivecita vibhinna viSayoM ko nimnalikhita rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai___ prathama, 'nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi' meM naya paricaya, nayoM kI upayogitA, jaina darzana meM vastu vyavasthA-sat, dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA unake bhedaprabhedoM sahita vivecana kiyA gayA hai| ATha For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #11
dvitIya, 'tattvAdhigama ke upAya' prakaraNa pramANa, naya, nikSepa, anekAnta aura syAdvAda tathA saptabhaMgIvAda ke vivecana se sambandha rakhatA hai| isa vivecana meM ukta upAyoM meM se pratyeka ke svarUpa aura tattvAdhigama meM unake mahattva ko spaSTa karate hue 'naya' ke svarUpa aura usakI upayogitA tathA sunaya - durnaya ke antara para paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| tRtIya, viSaya hai 'nayoM kA samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa' / isameM nayoM ke sApekSa kathana dvArA jainadarzana tathA jainetara darzanoM kI vastu svarUpa viSayaka mAnyatAoM kA paryAlocana karate hue unameM samanvaya tathA sAmaMjasya sthApita karane kI vidhi kA samIkSAtmaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai| caturtha, nayoM ke saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa kA pratipAdana karate hue unake bheda - prabheda - jJAna naya, zabda naya, artha naya tathA dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika naya evaM unake bheda, naigamAdi sAta nayoM kA svarUpa aura unake AbhAsoM tathA unake bheda-prabhedoM kA samAlocanAtmaka vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| paMcama, 'nayoM ke AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa' kA vivecana hai| isameM adhyAtma pratipAdaka naya - nizcaya aura vyavahAra tathA unake bheda-prabhedoM kI sUkSmatAoM aura AdhyAtmika evaM laukika jIvana meM unakI upayogitAoM ko siddha karate hue unakA dArzanika pratipAdana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 'upasaMhAra' meM adhyayana ke niSkarSa ko saMkSipta rUpa meM prastuta kara jIvana kI sArthakatA, cirantana evaM zAzvatika sukha-zAnti kI upalabdhi meM mUla kAraNa ke rUpa meM syAdvAda tathA nayavAda kI upayogitA evaM mahattva kA mUlyAMkana hai| isa prakAra prastuta grantha meM jainadarzana ke maulika tattva 'nayavAda' para samasta bhAratIya darzana evaM jIvana ke pariprekSya meM pratyeka dRSTikoNa se vicAra karane kA pUrA prayAsa rahA hai| prastuta grantha ke lekhana meM DaoN. dharmendranAtha jI zAstrI, bhUtapUrva adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga, meraTha kAleja, meraTha tathA bhU. pU. saMskRta prAdhyApaka evaM nidezaka, bhAratIya adhyayana saMsthAna, kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya kurukSetra ke mArga nirdezaka ke prati apanI kRtajJatA jJApita karatA huuN| paramAdaraNIya guruvarya siddhAntAcArya paM. kailAzacandra jI zAstrI ke dvArA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #12
mujhe isa kArya meM yathocita mArga darzana aura protsAhana milatA rahA hai tadartha maiM unake prati zraddhAvanata huuN| anta meM apanI sahadharmiNI kapUrI devI- jo mujhe gArhasthya cintAoM se mukta rakhakara jainadarzana ke isa gUDha viSaya ke lekhana meM nirantara sahayoga detI rahIMke prati AbhArI huuN| -sukhanandana jaina punazca bhAratIya jJAnapITha, nayI dillI ke prabandhanyAsI sAhU akhileza jaina ke prati maiM apanI kRtajJatA vyakta karatA hU~ ki unhoMne jinazAsana prabhAvanArtha pUjya pitAjI kI isa kRti ko bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzana kI svIkRti dii| sAtha hI mukhya prakAzana adhikArI DaoN. gulAbacandra jaina kA vizeSa AbhArI hU~ ki unhoMne isake saMzodhana-mudraNa-prakAzana meM pUrA-pUrA sahayoga pradAna kiyaa| pro. rAjArAma jaina-jinhoMne pitAjI ke isa kRtitva ke viSaya-gAmbhIrya ko dekhakara jJAnapITha jaise pratiSThita saMsthAna se prakAzita karane kI preraNA dI, zrI rAkeza jaina zAstrI, jainadarzanAcArya (bhAratIya jJAnapITha), jinhoMne pANDulipi ko AdyopAnta par3hakara usameM yathAvazyaka saMzodhana kara use supAThya banAyA tathA DaoN. vIrasAgara jaina, adhyakSa, jainadarzana vibhAga, zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI, rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha, nayI dillI ke mArgadarzana kA vizeSa lAbha prApta huaa| maiM ina sabhI vidvajjanoM ke prati asIma AbhAra vyakta karatA huuN| pUjya pitAzrI DaoN. sukhanandana jaina dvArA san 1977 meM jainadarzana ke isa anivArya viSaya 'jainadarzana meM nayavAda' para likhe gaye zodha prabandha ko pustaka rUpa meM prakAzita hotA dekhakara hama samasta parivAra unake prati zraddhAvanata haiN| -svarAja jaina mahAvIra jayantI 28 mArca, 2010 dasa For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #13
anukrama 1. nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi 1. naya-paricaya 2. nayoM kI upayogitA 3. jainadarzana meM vastu-vyavasthA (ka) sat . (kha) dravya-svarUpa (ga) dravya-bheda jIvadravya-svarUpa va bheda ajIvadravya-svarUpa aura bheda-prabheda pudgala-aNu va skandha dharmadravya aura adharmadravya AkAzadravya-loka, aloka kAladravya-nizcaya, vyavahAra guNa-svarUpa guNa ke bheda : sAmAnya, vizeSa .. paryAya-svarUpa evaM bheda 81 2. tattvAdhigama ke upAya pramANa pramANa ke bheda -vibhinna darzanoM dvArA mAnya -jainadarzana-sammata __ 1. pratyakSa-sAMvyavahArika, pAramArthika 2. parokSa-smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna, Agama For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #14
naya-svarUpa, pramANa aura naya meM antara, sunaya-durnaya nikSepa-upayogitA, svarUpa va bheda-prabheda anekAnta aura syAdavAda-avadhAraNA __ 1. anekAnta kA pratipAdaka syAdvAda 2. syAdvAda kA vyutpattiparaka lakSaNa 3. samanvaya kA siddhAnta saptabhaMgIvAda-upayogitA evaM svarUpa bheda-pramANa, naya 3. nayoM kA samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa 196 4. nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda. 213 nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa nayoM ke bheda-prabheda prathama prakAra- jJAnanaya, zabdanaya, arthanaya dvitIya prakAra- dravyArthika naya, paryAyArthika naya tRtIya prakAra- naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta naigamAdi me kArya-kAraNatA tathA sUkSmAlpa-viSayatA 5. nayoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda 250 nayoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa adhyAtma pratipAdaka nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya nizcaya aura vyavahAra zabdoM kA vyutpattyartha nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya kA svarUpa tathA unakI upayogitA nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya ke bheda-prabheda 6. adhyayana kA niSkarSa 282 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #15
1 nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi (1) naya - paricaya jainadarzana meM vastu-svarUpa ke parijJAna ke lie pramANa ke sAtha naya kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| naya yadyapi pramANa kA aMza hai tathApi jainetara darzana - zAstroM meM pramANa kA jaisA mahattva hai vaisA hI mahattva jainadarzana meM naya kA hai / vastutaH naya jainadarzana kI apanI eka viziSTa aura vyApaka vicAra paddhati hai| jainadarzana pratyeka vastu kA vizleSaNa naya se karatA hai| anekAnta tathA syAdvAda siddhAnta kA vivecana bhI naya ke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| jainadarzana meM anekAnta dRSTi ke nirvAha evaM vistAra ke lie tathA usake vividha prakAra se upayoga ke lie syAdvAda, nayavAda (sApekSavAda), saptabhaMgI siddhAnta Adi vividha rUpoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| ye syAdvAda, nayavAda Adi vividha rUpa anekAntavAda ke hI to phalitArtha haiM / syAdvAda jina vibhinna dRSTikoNoM kA abhivyaMjana hai, ve dRSTikoNa jainaparibhASA meM naya ke nAma se abhihita hote haiN| naya kA sAmAnya artha hai, 'jJAtA kA abhiprAya' / jJAtA kA vaha abhiprAya vizeSa naya hai, jo pramANa ke dvArA jAne gaye vastu ke ekadeza ko sparza karatA hai| bhedAbhedAtmaka, nityAnityAtmaka, utpAda - vyaya - dhrauvya rUpa sAmAnya- vizeSAtmaka padArtha akhaNDa rUpa se pramANa kA viSaya hotA hai| usake kisI eka dharma ko mukhya tathA itara dharmoM ko gauNa rUpa se viSaya karane vAlA jJAtA kA abhiprAya naya kahalAtA . hai| jaba vahI abhiprAya itara dharmoM ko gauNa na karake unakA nirasana yA nirAkaraNa karane lagatA hai taba vaha durnaya kahalAtA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki pramANa meM aneka dharmavAlI pUrNa vastu viSaya hotI hai, naya meM eka dharma mukhya rUpa se viSaya hokara bhI itara dharmoM ke prati gauNatA rahatI hai| isa prakAra aneka dharmAtmaka vastu ke vibhinna dharmoM kA samanvaya karane ke lie nayavAda kI upayogitA siddha hotI hai / saiddhAntika dRSTi se nayavAda kI jitanI upayogitA hai utanI hI upayogitA vyAvahArika dRSTi se bhI hai| vastu - svarUpa kA vivecana karate samaya naya kI apekSA nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 13 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #16
karthana kiyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra vyavahAra meM jo bhI zabda prayoga hotA hai vaha bhI naya kI apekSA hotA hai| vyavahAra kA sampUrNa satya isI ke antargata AtA hai| jainadarzana ke saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza tathA bAda ke anya sabhI mUla granthoM meM naya kA . vivecana kiyA gayA hai| vAstava meM nayavAda ke vivecana ke binA jaina siddhAntoM kI vyAkhyA kI hI nahIM jA sakatI hai| nayavAda kA vivecana jainadarzana kA aisA anivArya aMga hai ki jaina-vAGmaya meM Agama sAhitya se lekara Adhunikatama sAhitya taka meM isakA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| jainetara darzanoM meM vastu-tattva ke vivecana kI jo prakriyA hai jainadarzana meM usase bhinna hai| isa prakAra bhAratIya darzana meM nayavAda jainadarzana kI eka maulika dena hai| (2) nayoM kI upayogitA jainadarzana meM nayoM kI bar3I upayogitA aura mahattva batalAyA gayA hai; kyoMki usameM vastu-vivecana nayoM ke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| usameM eka bhI sUtra aura artha aisA nahIM hai jo nayazUnya ho| jainadarzana ko samajhane ke lie nayadRSTi ko samajhanA atyAvazyaka hai| pramANa ke sAtha nayadRSTi ke mAdhyama se vastu svarUpa kI prarUpaNA hI to jainadarzana hai| binA nayadRSTi ko samajhe jainadarzana jaTila mAlUma par3atA hai aura usa nirdoSa praNAlI meM saMzayAdi doSa dRSTigata hone lagate haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki nayoM kA samyagjJAna hue binA vastu-svarUpa kA ThIka-ThIka parijJAna hI nahIM ho sktaa| zrI mAilla dhavala ne naya dRSTi kA mahattva batAte hue kahA hai, 'jo nayadRSTi-vihIna haiM, unheM vastu ke svarUpa kI upalabdhi nahIM ho sakatI hai aura jinheM vastu-svarUpa kI upalabdhi nahIM hai, ve samyagdRSTi kaise ho sakate haiN|?'3 samyagdRSTi banane ke lie vastu-svarUpa kA jJAna honA Avazyaka hai aura vastusvarUpa ke jJAna ke lie nayadRSTi kA honA Avazyaka hai| nayadRSTi ke binA vastu ke svarUpa ko ThIka-ThIka nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| vastu-svarUpa yA jIvAdi tattvoM ke prati saccI zraddhA tabhI jAgrat ho sakatI hai jaba hama unake svarUpa ko yathArtha rUpa meM jAna sakeM aura unake yathArtha svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie hameM nayadRSTi kA sahArA lenA par3egA; kyoMki paraspara sApekSa do virodhI pratIta hone vAle dharmoM ke ananta yugaloM ko vastu apane antastala meM chipAye baiThI hai| arthAt anekAnta ke aMgabhUta paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAle ananta dharma yugala pratyeka vastu meM samAye hue haiN| yadi nayadRSTi kA sahArA nahIM liyA jAegA aura paraspara sApekSa do virodhI dharmoM ko nirapekSa dRSTi se dekhA jAegA to hama vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAna hI nahIM skeNge| 14 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #17
vizva ke anya sabhI darzana ekAntavAdI haiN| ve vastu ko eka dharmAtmaka hI mAnate haiM, viruddha ubhaya dharmAtmaka nahIM maante| isIlie unameM pramANa ke sivAya aMzagrAhIrUpa se naya kI koI carcA hI nahIM hai; kintu anekAntavAdI jainadarzana kA kAma naya ke binA cala hI nahIM sakatA, kyoMki anekAnta kA mUla naya hai| naya kA viSaya ekAnta hai, isalie naya ko ekAnta bhI kahate haiM aura ekAntoM ke samUha kA nAma anekAnta hai| ataH ekAnta ke binA anekAnta sambhava nahIM hai| jo vastu pramANa kI dRSTi meM anekAnta rUpa hai, vahI vastu naya kI dRSTi meM ekAnta svarUpa hai| ataH naya ke binA anekAnta sambhava nahIM hai| pramANa aura naya se anekAnta svarUpa vastu kI siddhi hotI hai| pramANa vastu ke sabhI dharmoM ko viSaya karane vAlA hai aura naya vastu ke una dharmoM meM se kisI eka dharma ko viSaya karane vAlA hai| pramANa kI apekSA se anekAnta anekAnta-svarUpa hai| arthAt aneka dharmasvarUpa vastu aneka dharmasvarUpa hI dikhatI hai| vahI anekAntasvarUpa vastu jaba kisI vizeSa naya kI apekSA se dekhI jAtI hai taba kisI eka dharmasvarUpa dikhatI hai, isa taraha vastu-svarUpa ko apekSA-sahita mAnane se yA vastusvarUpa kA sApekSa kathana karane se koI virodha nahIM AtA hai| apekSA rahita anekAnta va ekAnta saba sadoSa hote haiN| vastu nityAnityAtmaka, ekAnekAtmaka, bhedAbhedAtmaka, sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka Adi aneka dharmasvarUpa hai| isI vastusvarUpa ko samajhane ke lie jainadarzana meM pramANa aura naya ye do sAdhana mAne gaye haiN| pramANa kI apekSA vastu aneka dharmasvarUpa jhalakatI hai aura naya kI apekSA eka-eka dhrmsvruup| naya vastusvarUpa ko vastu ke kisI eka dharma ko mukhya karake aura usI samaya usake anya dharmoM ko gauNa karake batAtA hai| vaha vastu ke eka dharma ko mukhya karake kahate hue usake anya dharmoM kA niSedha nahIM karatA hai| isa prakAra jainadarzana meM syAdvAda aura naya paddhati se nirbAdha vastu-svarUpa kI siddhi hotI hai| ___naya kI upayogitA batalAte hue zrI mAilla dhavala ne kahA hai, 'aneka svabhAvoM se paripUrNa vastu ko pramANa ke dvArA grahaNa karake tatpazcAt ekAntavAda kA nAza karane ke lie nayoM kI yojanA karanI caahie|' . . isI bAta ko AcArya devasena ne bhI kahA hai; 'nAnA svabhAvoM (dharmoM) se yukta dravya ko pramANa ke dvArA jAna karake sApekSa siddhi ke lie usameM nayoM kI yojanA karanI caahie|" zrI mAilla dhavala punaH kahate haiM, 'naya ke binA manuSya ko syAdvAda kA bodha nahIM ho sakatA, isalie jo ekAnta kA virodha karanA cAhatA hai use naya ko jAnanA caahie| ekAnta kA virodha karane ke lie naya-jJAna Avazyaka hai| nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 15 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #18
akalaMka deva ne kahA hai: 'zruta ke do kAma haiM, unameM se eka kA nAma syAdvAda hai aura dUsare kA nAma ny| aneka dharmAtmaka sampUrNa vastu ke kathana ko syAdvAda kahate haiM aura vastu ke eka deza kathana ko naya kahate haiN|" AcArya samantabhadra ne bhI 'syAdvAda ke dvArA gRhIta anekAntAtmaka padArtha ke dharmoM kA alaga-alaga kathana karane vAle ko naya kahA hai| 10 pramANa ke dvArA anekAnta kA bodha hotA hai aura naya ke dvArA ekAnta kaa| kintu naya tabhI sunaya hai jaba vaha sApekSa ho| yadi vaha anya nayoM ke dvArA gRhIta anya dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai to durnaya ho jAtA hai| ataH sApekSa nayoM ke dvArA gRhIta ekAntoM ke samUha kA nAma hI anekAnta hai aura anekAnta kA grAhakaM yA pratipAdaka syAdvAda hai| ataH syAdvAda ko samajhane ke lie naya ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai aura naya ke dvArA hI ekAnta kA nirasana sambhava hai; kyoMki yadyapi naya ekAnta kA grAhaka hai, kintu vaha ekAnta bhI tabhI samyak ekAnta kahA jAtA hai jaba vaha anya ekAntoM kA nirAkaraNa nahIM krtaa| ataH anya sApekSa ekAnta hI samyak ekAnta hai| jainadarzana ekAnta kA virodhI nahIM hai, kintu mithyA ekAnta kA virodhI hai| isa prakAra ke ekAntoM ke samanvaya ke lie naya kA jJAna Avazyaka hai| naya kA jJAtA yaha jAnatA hai ki vastu ko jAnane ke bAda jJAtA apane abhiprAya ke anusAra usakA kathana karatA hai; ataH usakA kathana utane hI aMza meM satya hai, sarvAMza meM satya nahIM hai, dUsarA jJAtA usI vastu ko apane abhiprAya ke anusAra bhinna rUpa se kahatA hai| unake pArasparika virodha ko nayadRSTi se hI dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai| ata: vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko samajhane ke sAtha usake sambandha meM vibhinna jJAtAoM ke vibhinna abhiprAyoM ko samajhane ke lie naya ko jAnanA caahie| yahI naya kI upayogitA (3) jainadarzana meM vastu-vyavasthA __ jainadarzana meM vastu-vyavasthA kA vivecana sat, dravya, guNa aura paryAya ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| (ka) sat-jagat kI pratyeka vastu cAhe vaha dravya ho yA guNa ho yA paryAya ho, jo kucha bhI ho, sabase pahale vaha sat hai, usake pazcAt hI vaha anya kucha hai| jo sat nahIM hai vaha kucha bhI nahIM hai| ataH pratyeka vastu sat hai| sat ke bhAva ko hI sattA yA astitva kahate haiN| padArthoM meM svarUpa kA avabodhaka anvaya rUpa jo dharma pAyA jAtA hai use sattA kahate haiN| yaha sattA apane utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya svabhAva ke dvArA nAnA padArthoM meM vyApta hokara rahatI hai isalie nAnA rUpa hai| aisA 16 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #19
eka bhI padArtha nahIM jo sat svarUpa na ho, isalie yaha sarva padArtha sthita hai| utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvya svabhAva hone se trilakSaNAtmaka hai / saba padArthoM meM anvaya rUpa se pAyI jAtI hai isalie eka hai aura ananta paryAyoM kA AdhAra hai isalie ananta paryAyAtmaka hai| yadyapi sattA kA svarUpa ukta prakAra kA hai to bhI yaha kevala anvaya rUpa se hI vicAra karane para prApta hotA hai, vyatireka rUpa se vicAra karane para to isakI sthiti ThIka isase ulaTI hotI hai| isI se ise ukta kathana ke pratipakSa vAlA bhI batalAyA gayA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki vastu na sAmAnyAtmaka hI hai aura na vizeSAtmaka hI, kintu ubhayAtmaka hai, jisakI siddhi vivakSA bheda se hotI hai / nayapakSa yaha vivakSA bheda yA sApekSavAda kA hI paryAyavAcI hai| isase sAmAnya- vizeSa rUpa se ubhayAtmaka vastu kI siddhi hotI hai / sattA kI vizeSatA batalAte hue AcArya kundakunda ne bhI kahA hai- 'sattA saba padArthoM meM rahatI hai, samasta padArthoM ke samasta rUpoM meM rahatI hai, samasta padArthoM kI ananta paryAyoM meM rahatI hai, utpAda - vyaya dhrauvyAtmaka hai, eka hai aura sapratipakSA hai / """ sattA kA pratipakSI to asattA hI ho sakatI hai; kintu asattA kA artha tucchAbhAva nahIM hai| jainadarzana meM jo sat hai vahI dRSTibheda se asat bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra jagat meM jo kucha sat hai vaha kisI apekSA se asat bhI hai / na koI vastu sarvathA sat hai aura na koI vastu sarvathA asat hai; kintu pratyeka vastu sadasadAtmaka (asti-nAsti rUpa ) hai / vastu kA astitva kevala isa bAta para nirbhara nahIM hai ki vaha apane svarUpa ko apanAye hue hai; kintu isa bAta para bhI nirbhara hai ki apane sivAya vaha saMsAra bhara kI anya vastuoM ke svarUpoM ko nahIM apanAye hue hai| yadi aisA na mAnA jAye to kisI bhI vastu kA koI pratiniyata svarUpa nahIM raha sakatA aura aisA hone para saba vastue~ saba rUpa ho jaaeNgii| anekAntAtmaka vastu kA yaha sadasadAtmaka svarUpa syAdvAda aura nayavAda ke dRSTikoNa se nirvirodha siddha hotA hai, jisakA spaSTa vivecana Age dravya - vivecana ke avasara para kiyA jaaegaa| (kha) dravya-svarUpa : dravya zabda kA ullekha jaina aura nyAya-vaizeSika, mImAMsA Adi vaidika darzanoM meM spaSTa rUpa se milatA hai| jainadarzana meM jIva, pudgala, dharma, aMdharma, AkAza aura kAla ko dravya kahA gayA hai 12 tathA nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, AtmA, AkAza, dizA, kAla aura mana ina nau ko dravya kahA hai; kintu vaizeSika darzana mAnya ina nau dravyoM kA antarbhAva jaina darzana ke chaH dravyoM meM hI ho jAtA hai, jisakA spaSTa vivecana dravya-bheda prakaraNa meM kiyA jaaegaa| sarva prathama jaina-AcArya kundakunda ne dravya kA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai'jo satM lakSaNa vAlA hai, utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta hai tathA guNa - paryAyoM nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 17 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #20
kA Azraya hai athavA guNa-paryAya svabhAva vAlA hai, vaha dravya hai| AcArya umAsvAmI, 15 aura zrI mAilla dhavala ne bhI isI prakAra dravya kA lakSaNa kiyA hai| vizleSaNa-jo sat hai, vaha dravya hai aura jo utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya se yukta hai vaha sat hai| jo dravya hai vaha guNa-paryAyavAna hai isa taraha prakArAntara se dravya hI sat hai aura vahI utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya se yukta hai| aura vahI guNa-paryAyoM vAlA hai vastutaH ye tInoM hI lakSaNa vibhinna rUpa se dravya kI vizeSatAoM ko batalAte haiN| sat kahane se utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya aura guNa-paryAya niyama se gRhIta hote haiN| 'utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya yukta' kahane se sat aura guNaparyAyavatva gRhIta hote haiN| tathA 'guNaparyAyavat' kahane se utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya aura sat gRhIta hote haiN| isa taraha ye tInoM lakSaNa paraspara meM avinAbhAvI haiM; kyoMki jo sat hai vaha kathaMcit nitya aura kathaMcit anitya hone se utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka hai| eka dravya meM krama. se hone vAlI paryAyoM kI paramparA meM pUrva paryAya ke vinAza ko vyaya kahate haiM, uttara paryAya kI utpatti ko utpAda kahate haiM aura pUrva paryAya kA vinAza tathA uttara paryAya kA utpAda hone para bhI apanI jAti ko na chor3ane kA nAma dhrauvya hai| guNa dhruva (sadA rahane vAle) hote haiM, paryAya utpAda, vinAzazIla hotI hai, ataH utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya yukta se guNaparyAyavatva siddha hotA hai| isa taraha utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya nityAnitya svarUpa paramArtha sat ko kahate haiM aura guNaparyAya ko bhI kahate hai; kyoMki guNa-paryAya ke binA utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya sambhava nahIM hai| isI taraha guNa anvayI hote haiM, pratyeka avasthA meM dravya ke sAtha anusyUta rahate haiM aura paryAya vyatirekI hotI haiM, pratisamaya parivartanazIla hotI haiM, ata: guNa va paryAya utpAda, vinAza aura dhrauvya kA sUcana karate haiM tathA nityAnitya svabhAva paramArtha sat kA avabodha karAte haiN| sattA yA astitva dravya kA svabhAva hai| vaha anya sAdhanoM se nirapekSa hone se anAdi-ananta hai, usakA koI kAraNa nahIM hai, sadA eka rUpa se pariNata hone se vaibhAvika bhAva rUpa nahIM hai, dravya bhAvavAn hai aura astitva usakA bhAva hai| isa apekSA se dravya aura astitva meM bheda hone para bhI pradeza bheda na hone se dravya ke sAtha usakA ekatva hai, ata: vaha dravya kA svabhAva hI hai| vaha astitva jaise bhinnabhinna dravyoM se bhinna-bhinna hotA hai usa taraha dravya, guNa, paryAyoM kA astitva bhinna-bhinna nahIM hai| una sabakA astitva eka hI hai| eka dravya se dUsarA dravya nahIM bntaa| sabhI dravya svabhAva-siddha haiM aura cU~ki ve anAdi ananta haiM; aura jo anAdi ananta hotA hai usakI utpatti ke lie anya 18 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #21
sAdhanoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| usakA mUla sAdhana to usakA guNaparyAyAtmaka svabhAva hI hai, use lie hue vaha svayaM siddha hI hai / jo dravyoM se utpanna hotA hai vaha dravyAntara yA anya dravya nahIM hai, kintu paryAya hai kyoMki vaha anitya hotA hai jaise do paramANuoM ke mela se dvayaNuka banatA hai yA jaise manuSyAdi paryAya haiN| dravya to trikAlasthAyI hotA hai, vaha paryAya kI taraha utpanna aura naSTa nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra jaise dravya svabhAva se hI siddha hai usI prakAra vaha sat bhI svabhAva se hI siddha hai, kyoMki vaha sattAtmaka apane svabhAva se banA huA hai| sattA dravya se bhinna nahIM hai jo usake samavAya se dravya sat ho / sat aura sattA ye donoM pRthak siddha na hone se bhinna-bhinna nahIM haiM kyoMki daNDa aura devadatta kI taraha donoM alagaalaga dRSTigocara nahIM hote / dravya sadA apane svabhAva meM sthira rahatA hai isalie vaha sat hai / dravya kA vaha svabhAva hai utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kI ekatA rUpa prinnaam| utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ina tInoM kA paraspara meM avinAbhAva hai / utpAda vyaya ke binA nahIM hotA, vyaya utpAda ke binA nahIM hotA, utpAda aura vyaya dhrauvya yA sthiti ke binA nahIM hote aura dhrauvya yA sthiti utpAda, vyaya ke binA nahIM hotaa| jo utpAda aura vyaya hai vahI dhrauvya yA sthiti hai tathA jo dhrauvya yA avasthiti hai vahI utpAda-vyaya hai|" udAharaNArtha yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki ghaTa kI utpatti hai vahI miTTI ke piNDa kA vinAza hai, kyoMki bhAva anya bhAva ke abhAva rUpa se dRSTigocara hotA hai tathA ..jo miTTI ke piNDa kA vinAza hai vahI ghar3e kA utpAda hai, kyoMki abhAva anyabhAva ke bhAva rUpa se dikhalAI par3atA hai aura jo ghar3e kA utpAda tathA miTTI ke piMNDa kA vyaya hai vahI miTTI kI sthiti hai, kyoMki vyatireka dvArA hI anvaya kA prakAzana hotA hai| jo miTTI kI sthiti hai vahI ghar3e kA utpAda aura miTTI ke piNDa kA vinAza hai, kyoMki vyatireka anvaya kA atikramaNa nahIM karatA / yadi uparyukta rUpa se na mAnA jAya to utpatti anya, vinAza anya aura sthiti yA dhrauvya anya mAnanA hogaa| vastu meM vyaya aura dhrauvya ke binA kevala utpAda ko hI mAnA jAya to ghaTa kI utpatti sambhava nahIM hogI; kyoMki miTTI kI sthiti aura usakI piNDa - paryAya ke vinAza ke binA ghaTa utpanna nahIM ho sakegA / yadi 'utpanna hogA' aisA mAnA jAegA to asat kA utpAda mAnanA hogaa| eka bAta yaha bhI hogI ki jisa prakAra ghaTa utpanna nahIM hogA usI prakAra anya padArtha bhI utpanna nahIM hoMge aura asat kA utpAda mAnane para AkAzakusuma jaisI asambhava vastuoM kA bhI utpAda mAnanA hogaa| isI prakAra utpAda aura dhrauvya ke binA kevala vyaya mAnane para nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 19 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #22
vyaya ke kAraNa kA abhAva hone se miTTI ke piNDa kA vinAza nahIM ho skegaa| yadi ukta sthiti meM kevala vinAza yA vyaya hogA to sat ke uccheda kA bhI prasaMga aaegaa| miTTI ke piNDa kA vinAza hone para sabhI padArthoM kA vinAza nahIM hogA aura sat kA uccheda hone se caitanyAdi kA bhI uccheda ho jaaegaa| utpAda aura vyaya ke binA kevala sthiti mAnane para vyatireka sahita sthiti rUpa anvaya kA abhAva hone. se miTTI kI sthiti hI nahIM rahegI athavA kevala kSaNikatva ko prApta ho jaaegaa| miTTI kI sthiti nahIM hone para sabhI padArthoM kI sthiti nahIM hogii| kSaNika nityatA meM bauddha sammata citkSaNa bhI nitya ho jAe~ge / ataH pUrva pUrva paryAyoM ke vinAza, uttarottara paryAyoM ke utpAda tathA anvaya rUpa kI sthiti ( dhrauvya) se avinAbhUta trailakSaNya hI jJeya padArtha kA svarUpa hai / yahI sat hai aura sat hI dravya hai / ukta trilakSaNAtmaka padArtha yA dravya ke mAnane se vaizeSika Adi anya darzanoM ke samAna guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa, samavAya aura abhAva nAmaka pRthak padArtha mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai, ye saba dravya kI avasthAe~ haiM / ye utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya dravya meM nahIM hote haiM, paryAyoM meM hote haiM aura paryAya dravya meM sthita haiM, isalie ye saba dravya ke hI kahe jAte haiN| 8 jaise skandha, mUla, zAkhA ye saba vRkSAzrita haiM, vRkSa se bhinna padArtha rUpa nahIM haiM, usI prakAra paryAyeM dravyAzrita hI haiM, dravya se bhinna padArtha rUpa nahIM haiM tathA paryAya utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpa haiM; kyoMki utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya aMzoM ke dharma haiM, aMzI ke nahIM haiN| jaise bIja, aMkura aura vRkSatva - ye vRkSa ke aMza haiN| bIja kA nAza, aMkura kA utpAda aura vRkSatva kA dhrauvya tInoM eka sAtha hote haiM, ataH nAza bIja para Azrita hai, utpAda aMkura para, dhrauvya vRkSa para / nAza, utpAda, dhrauvya, bIja, aMkura ye vRkSatva se bhinna padArtha nahIM haiN| isI taraha bIja aMkura aura vRkSatva bhI vRkSa se bhinna padArtha nahIM haiM, ye saba vRkSa hI haiM / usIprakAra naSTa hotA huA bhAva, utpanna hotA huA bhAva aura dhrauvya bhAva saba dravya ke aMza haiM tathA nAza, utpAda, dhrauvya una bhAvoM se bhinna padArtha rUpa nahIM hai aura ve bhAva bhI dravya se bhinna padArtha nahIM haiM, ata: saba eka dravya hI haiM, kintu yadi utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya, aMzoM kA na mAnakara, dravya kA hI mAnA jAya to saba gar3abar3a ho jaaegaa| udAharaNa ke lie - yadi dravya kAhI vyaya mAnA jAye to saba dravyoM kA eka hI kSaNa meM vinAza ho jAne se jagat dravyazUnya ho jAyegA / yadi dravya kA hI utpAda mAnA jAye to dravya meM prati samaya utpAda hone se pratyeka utpAda eka dravya ho jAegA aura usa taraha dravya ananta ho jaaeNge| yadi dravya kA hI dhrauvya mAnA jAegA to krama se hone vAle bhAvoM kA abhAva 20 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #23
hone se dravya kA hI abhAva ho jaaegaa| isalie utpAda, vyaya paryAya ke hote haiM aura paryAya dravya kI hotI hai, ataH ye saba eka hI dravya haiM, aisA samajhanA caahie| tathya yaha hai ki kisI bhAva (sat) kA atyanta nAza nahIM hotA aura kisI abhAva (asat) kA utpAda nahIM hotaa| sabhI padArtha apane guNa aura paryAya rUpa se utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya yukta rahate haiM / vizva meM jitane sat haiM, ve traikAlika sat haiM, unakI saMkhyA meM kabhI bhI parivartana nahIM hotA, para unakI paryAyoM meM parivartana avazya hotA hai isakA koI apavAda nahIM ho sakatA hai / pratyeka sat pariNAmazIla hone se utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyayukta hai / vaha pUrva paryAya ko chor3akara uttara paryAya dhAraNa karatA hai| usake pUrva paryAyoM ke vyaya aura uttara paryAyoM ke utpAda kI yaha dhArA anAdi ananta hai, kabhI bhI vicchinna nahIM hotii| cetana yA acetana sabhI prakAra ke sat utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kI paramparA se yukta haiN| yaha trilakSaNa padArtha kA maulika dharma hai| ataH use pratikSaNa pariNamana karanA hI caahie| ye pariNamana kabhI sadRza hote haiM aura kabhI visadRza tathA ye kabhI eka dUsare ke nimitta se bhI prabhAvita hote haiN| utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kI pariNamana paramparA kabhI bhI samApta nahIM hotii| agaNita aura ananta parivartana hone para bhI vastu kI sattA kabhI bhI naSTa nahIM hotI aura na kabhI usakA maulika dravyatva hI naSTa hotA hai / usakA guNa-pa -paryAyAtmaka svarUpa barAbara banA rahatA hai / sAdhAraNataH guNa nitya hote haiM aura paryAya anitya / ataH dravya kauM nityAnityAtmaka kahA jAtA hai| utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka sat hI dravya hai / pahale dravya kA lakSaNa karate samaya usakA eka lakSaNa guNa- paryAya vAlA bhI kiyA gayA hai, jisameM guNa aura paryAya pAye jAe~, vaha dravya hai|" jo dravya ke Azrita aura svayaM dUsare guNoM se rahita hoM ve guNa kahalAte haiM / arthAt dravya kI anekoM paryAyoM ke badalate rahane para bhI jo dravya se kabhI pRthak na hoM, nirantara dravya ke sAtha raheM, ve guNa haiN| jaise jIva ke jJAnAdi guNa aura pudgala ke rUpa rasAdi / krama se hone vAlI vastu kI vizeSatA yA avasthA ko paryAya kahate haiN| jaise- jIva kI jAnanA - dekhanA Adi avasthAe~ aura pudgala paramANuoM kI dvyaNuka, tryaNuka Adi avasthAe~ yA karma rUpa pryaayeN| ye guNa, paryAya milakara hI dravya kahalAte haiN| yA guNa, paryAyoM b. samUha kA nAma hI dravya hai / guNa aura paryAyoM ke atirikta dravya koI pRthak vastu nahIM hai| dravya meM bheda karane vAle dharma ko guNa aura dravya ke vikAra ko paryAya kahate haiN| dravya ina donoM se yukta hotA hai tathA vaha ayuta siddha aura nitya hotA hai| anAdi nidhana dravya meM jala meM taraMgoM ke samAna paryAyeM pratikSaNa utpanna aura vinaSTa hotI nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 21 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #24
rahatI haiN| 1 isa prakAra dravya meM guNa aura paryAya sadA rahatI haiN| pratyeka dravya ananta guNoM kA aura krama se hone vAlI unakI paryAyoM kA piNDa mAtra hai / sarvatra guNoM ko anvayI - nitya aura paryAyoM ko vyatirekI - anitya kahA gayA hai / isakA yahI matalaba hai ki jinase dhArA meM ekarUpatA banI rahatI hai ve guNa kahalAte haiM aura jinase usameM bheda pratIta hotA hai ve paryAya kahalAte haiN| jIva meM jJAnAdi kI dhArA kA, pudgala meM rUparasAdi kI dhArA kA, dharma dravya meM gatihetutva kI dhArA kA, adharma dravya meM sthitihetutva kI dhArA kA, AkAza meM avagAhana hetutva kI dhArA kA aura kAla dravya meM vartanA kI dhArA kA kabhI viccheda nahIM hotA, isalie ve jJAnAdika usa usa. dravya ke guNa haiM; kintu ve guNa sadA kAla eka rUpa nahIM rhte| jo nitya dravyoM ke guNa haiM unheM yadi chor3a bhI diyA jAye to bhI jIva aura pudgaloM ke guNoM meM pratisamaya spaSTatayA pariNAma lakSita hotA hai / jaise- jIva kA jJAna-guNa saMsAra avasthA meM kabhI matijJAna rUpa hotA hai to kabhI zrutajJAna rUpa / isalie ye tijJAnAdijJAna - guNa kI paryAya haiN| isIprakAra anya guNoM meM bhI jAna lenA caahie| dravya sadA ina guNa rUpa paryAyoM meM rahatA hai, isalie vaha guNa, paryAya vAlA kahA gayA hai| guNa aura paryAya dravya se bhinna nahIM haiM tathA dravya guNa aura paryAya se bhinna nahIM hai isalie dravya ko guNa aura paryAyoM se abhinna kahA hai| ye guNa aura paryAya hI dravya kI AtmA haiM, dravya ke svarUpa haiN|2 jaise makkhana, ghI, dUdha, dahI se rahita gorasa nahIM hotA usI prakAra paryAyoM se rahita dravya nahIM hotA aura jaise gorasa se rahita dUdha, dahI, ghI, makkhana Adi nahIM hote usI prakAra dravya se rahita paryAya nahIM hotIM / isalie kathana kI apekSA yadyapi dravya aura paryAyoM meM kathaMcit bheda hai tathApi una sabakA astitva judA nahIM hai, ve eka dUsare ko chor3akara nahIM raha sakate, isalie vastu rUpa se unameM abheda hai / jisa prakAra pudgala se bhinna sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa nahIM hote usI prakAra dravya ke binA guNa nahIM hote aura jisa prakAra sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa ke binA pudgala nahIM hotA usI prakAra guNoM ke binA dravya nahIM hotaa| isalie yadyapi kathana kI apekSA dravya aura guNoM meM kathaMcit bheda hai tathApi una sabakA eka astitva niyata hai, ve paraspara meM eka dUsare ko kabhI nahIM chor3ate, isalie vastu rUpa se dravya aura paryAyoM kI taraha dravya aura guNoM meM bhI abheda hai / 24 pahale yadyapi dravya ko utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya svabhAva vAlA kahA gayA hai aura guNa, paryAya vAlA bhI; para vicAra karane para ina donoM lakSaNoM meM koI antara nahIM pratIta hotA hai| kevala dRSTibheda hai, abhiprAya meM bheda nahIM hai; kyoMki jo vastu utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya svarUpa kahI jAtI hai, vahI guNa, paryAya svarUpa vAlI hai| 22 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #25
guNa dravya meM sadA vidyamAna rahate haiM / ataH jaba hama kahate haiM ki dravya guNamaya hai to usakA artha hotA hai ki vaha dhrauvyamaya hai aura paryAya eka utpanna hotI hai to eka naSTa hotI hai, ataH paryAya utpAda - vinAzazIla hai| isalie jaba hama kahate haiM ki dravya paryAyavAlA hai to usakA matalaba hotA hai, vaha utpAda - vinAzazIla hai| utpAda aura vyaya ye paryAya ke hI dUsare nAma haiM aura dhrauvya yaha guNa kA dUsarA nAma hai / guNa kA mukhya lakSaNa dhrauvya hai tathA paryAya kA mukhya lakSaNa utpAda aura vyaya hai| guNa kI mukhya pahacAna usakA sadAkAla bane rahanA hai aura paryAya kI mukhya pahacAna usakA utpanna hote rahanA aura vinaSTa hote rahanA hai / isalie dravya ko cAhe utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya svabhAva kaho yA guNa, paryAya vAlA kaho, donoM kA eka hI abhiprAya hotA hai / Upara tIna prakAra se dravya kA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai| sarvaprathama sattA se abhinna hone ke kAraNa dravya kA lakSaNa kevala 'sat' hI hai / kintu dravya to anekAntAtmaka hai, ata: anekAntAtmaka dravya kA svarUpa kevala sanmAtra hI nahIM ho sktaa| isalie dravya kA dUsarA lakSaNa utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kiyA gayA hai| ye utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya sAmAnya kathana kI apekSA dravya se abhinna haiM aura vizeSa kathana kI apekSA dravya se bhinna haiN| tInoM eka sAtha hote haiM aura dravya ke svabhAva rUpa hone se ve usake lakSaNa haiN| dravya kA tIsarA lakSaNa guNa aura paryAyavAn hai / anekAntAtmaka vastu meM pAye jAne vAle anvayI vizeSoM ko guNa kahate hai aura vyatirekI vizeSoM ko paryAya kahate haiN| anvaya kA matalaba hai ekarUpatA yA sadRzatA / guNoM meM sarvadA ekarUpatA rahatI hai, parivartana hone para bhI anya rUpatA nahIM hotI, isalie unheM anvayI kahate haiM; kintu paryAya to kSaNa-kSaNa meM anya rUpa hotI rahatI haiM isalie unheM vyatirekI kahate haiN| inameM se guNa to dravya meM eka sAtha rahate haiM aura paryAya krama se hotI haiM / ye guNa- paryAya bhI dravya se kathaMcit bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna hote haiM, ye bhI dravya ke svabhAvabhUta haiM isalie dravya kA lakSaNa haiM / dravya ke ina tInoM lakSaNoM meM se eka kA kathana karane para bAkI ke do svayameva A jAte haiN| yadi dravya sat hai to vaha utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyavAlA aura guNa - paryAyavAlA hogA hI / yadi vaha utpAda - vyayadhrauvyavAlA hai to vaha sat aura guNa- paryAyavAlA hogA hI / yadi vaha guNa - paryAyavAlA hai to vaha sat aura utpAda - vyaya - dhrauvya vAlA hogA hI / sat nityAnitya svabhAva vAlA hone se dhrauvya ko aura utpAda - vyayarUpatA ko prakaTa karatA hai tathA dhrauvyAtmaka guNoM ke sAtha aura utpAda - vyayAtmaka paryAyoM ke sAtha ekatA ko batalAtA hai| isI taraha utpAda - vyaya - dhrauvya nityAnityasvarUpa pAramArthika sat ko nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 23 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #26
batalAte haiM aura apane svarUpa kI prApti ke kAraNabhUta guNa paryAyoM ko prakaTa karate haiM; kyoMki guNoM ke hone se hI dravya meM dhrauvya hotA hai aura paryAyoM ke hone se utpAda vyaya hotA hai| yadi dravya meM guNa- paryAya na hoM to utpAda - vyaya - dhrauvya bhI nahIM ho skte| ataH dravya utpAda - vyaya - dhrauvya vAlA hai, aisA kahane se dravya guNa -. paryAyavAlA bhI siddha ho jAtA hai aura dravya guNa - paryAya vAlA hai, aisA kahane se dravya utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvya vAlA hai, aisA sUcita hotA hai tathA nityAnitya svabhAva paramArtha sat hai, yaha bhI sUcita hotA hai isa taraha dravya ke tInoM lakSaNa paraspara meM avinAbhAvI haiN| jahA~ eka ho vahA~ zeSa donoM niyama se hote haiM / isI taraha dravya aura guNa- paryAya tathA utpAda - vyaya - dhrauvya bhI paraspara meM avinAbhAvI haiN| jo guNa aura paryAyoM ko prApta karatA hai, use dravya kahate haiM, ataH jo eka dravya svabhAva hai vaha guNa - paryAya svabhAva bhI hai aura jo guNa - paryAya svabhAva hai vaha dravya svabhAva bhI hai; kyoMki dravya ke binA guNa- paryAya nahIM ho sakate aura guNa- paryAya ke binA dravya nahIM ho sktaa| isI taraha dravya aura guNa ke binA paryAya nahIM hotIM aura paryAyoM ke binA dravya aura guNa nahIM hote, ataH jo dravya guNa-svabhAva hai vaha paryAya-svabhAva bhI hai aura jo paryAya - svabhAva hai vaha dravya guNa - svabhAva bhI hai|. isI taraha utpAda vyaya ke binA nahIM hotA, vyaya utpAda ke binA nahIM hotA, utpAda aura vyaya dhrauvya ke binA nahIM hote aura dhrauvya utpAda tathA vyaya ke binA nahIM hotA tathA jo utpAda hai vahI vyaya hai, jo vyaya hai vahI utpAda hai, jo utpAda aura vyaya hai vahI dhrauvya hai aura jo dhrauvya hai vahI utpAda aura vyaya hai, jaisA ki Upara bhI sodAharaNa pratipAdana kiyA jA cukA hai| vastu kA yathArtha svarUpa utpAda-vyayadhrauvyAtmaka hai| pratyeka vastu yA dravya utpAda - vyaya - dhrauvya kI tripuTI meM vartamAna ho rahA hai| yahI dravya kA nirbAdha lakSaNa hai / (ga) dravyabheda : jainadarzana ke anusAra dravya ke chaH bheda haiM- 1. jIva, 2. pudgala, 3. dharma, 4. adharma, 5. AkAza aura 6. kAla / inameM ajIva dravya ke pA~ca bheda haiM- pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla 25 jainadarzana meM dravyoM kI saMkhyA kula chaH hI hai / yaha na pA~ca hai aura na sAta yA ATha / nyAya-vaizeSikAdi vaidika-darzana pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu, AkAza, kAla, dizA, AtmA aura mana ye nau dravya mAnate haiM / " bhATTa mImAMsaka andhakAra aura zabdaye do dravya adhika mAnate haiM; kintu ina sabakA antarbhAva ukta chaH dravyoM meM hI ho jAtA hai| jaise- pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu- ye svatantra dravya na hokara inakA antarbhAva pudgala dravya meM hI ho jAtA hai; kyoMki ye pRthvI Adi eka pudgala dravya 24 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #27
ke hI vividha prakAra ke pariNamana haiN| isI prakAra mana kA bhI pudgala dravya yA jIva dravya meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| mana do prakAra kA hai-dravya mana aura bhAva mana / dravya mana kA pudgala dravya meM aura bhAva mana kA jIva dravya meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai tathA dizA AkAza se pRthak nahIM hai, kyoMki sUrya ke udayAdi kI apekSA se AkAza meM pUrva-pazcima Adi dizAoM kA vibhAga kiyA jAtA hai| AkAza. kAla aura AtmA yA jIva-ye svatantra rUpa se jainadarzana meM bhI dravya mAne hI gaye haiN| isalie vaizeSika aura bhaTToM dvArA svIkAra kiye gaye saba dravyoM ko jainadarzana meM pRthak rUpa se svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| 1. jIva dravya-svarUpa jisameM jJAna-darzana rUpa cetanA-zakti, bhalA-burA pahacAnane kA jJAna, sukha-dukha kI bhAvanA va saMkalpazakti pAyI jAye, vaha eka caitanyatattva, jJAnAtmaka tattva, indriyAtIta amUrtika tattva hai| nigoda Adi saMsArI avasthAoM meM eka vahI to prakAzamAna ho rahA hai,vahI to ota-prota ho rahA hai| ye saba isI kI to avasthAe~ haiM, jinakA nirmANa apanI kalpanAoM ke AdhAra para isane svayaM hI kiyA hai| jisake hone se hI ye saba caitanya haiM, jisake na hone se jar3a aura isalie Izvara, parabrahma va jagat kA sraSTA yahI to hai| paramAtmA va prabhu isI kA hI to nAma hai| acintya hai isakI mhimaa| isI parama tattva ko AgamakAra 'jIva' va 'AtmA' kahate haiN| koI ise sola (Soul) kahate haiM to koI 'ruuh'| yaha Atmatattva mana, vANI aura indriyoM ke agocara hai| isakI pratIti anubhUti dvArA hI ho sakatI hai| prANiyoM ke acetana tattva se nirmita deha ke andara svatantra Atmatattva kA astitva hai| isakI pahacAna vyavahAra meM pA~ca indriya, mana-vacana-kAya rUpa tIna bala, zvAsocchvAsa aura Ayu-isa prakAra daza prANarUpa bAhya cihnoM tathA nizcaya se cetanA ke dvArA ho sakatI hai| vaise yaha rasa-rahita, rUparahita, gandharahita, zabdarahita, nirdiSTa AkArarahita, kisI bhautika cihna dvArA bhI na pahacAnA jAne vAlA avyakta tathA caitanya-guNaviziSTa hai| yaha eka zAzvata svatantra dravya hai| zrImadbhagavadgItA meM bhI Atma dravya ko isI prakAra nirUpita kiyA gayA hai : yaha akhaNDa hai, abheda hai, anAdi hai, ananta hai, ajara hai, amara hai, ajanmA hai| janma-maraNa kA cakkara to saba isa nazvara zarIra ke sAtha hI hai| yaha AtmA kabhI bhI kisI samaya meM na janma grahaNa karatA hai aura na maratA hai athavA na yaha eka bAra utpanna hokara phira hone vAlA hai; kyoMki yaha aja, nitya, sanAtana evaM prAcInatama hai, zarIra ke nAza hone para bhI yaha nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 25 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #28
naSTa nahIM hotA hai| yaha saMsArAvasthA meM purAtana zarIra ko chor3atA aura navIna zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA rahatA hai, jisa prakAra manuSya purAne jIrNa vastroM ko chor3a dete aura navIna vastroM ko dhAraNa karate rahate haiN| isa Atmatattva ko na zastra kATa sakate haiM,na agni jalA sakatI hai, na pAnI galA sakatA hai aura na vAyu sukhA sakatI hai| yaha to nitya, niraMjana, zuddha, buddha, aviruddha, anAdi, ananta, caitanya svarUpa, sat-citAnanda svarUpa hai| yaha svabhAva se hI jJAtA, draSTA, ananta-sukha aura ananta zakti vAlA hai| jIvatvazakti se yukta hai| yaha svayaM hI apane acche-bure bhAgya kA nirmAtA hai| apane acche-bure karmoM kA kartA aura unhIM karmoM ke phaloM kA bhoktA hai| yaha saMkoca-vistAra guNa ke kAraNa apane choTe-bar3e prApta kiye hue zarIra ke AkAra / vAlA hai| Urdhva gamana-svabhAva vAlA hone se mukta hone para loka ke anta taka jAne vAlA hai| saMkSepa meM yaha jIva caitanya svarUpa, jAnane-dekhane rUpa upayoga vAlA, amUrtika, kartA, bhoktA, prabhu, svadeha-parimANa, saMsArI, siddha, svabhAva se Urdhva gamana karane vAlA tathA karmoM se saMyukta hai|' __ jIva kA asAdhAraNa lakSaNa cetanA hai aura vaha cetanA jAnane-dekhane rUpa hai| arthAt jo jAnatA aura dekhatA hai vaha jIva hai| sAMkhyadarzana bhI cetanA ko puruSa kA : svarUpa mAnatA hai, kintu vaha use jJAnarUpa nahIM maantaa| usake anusAra jJAna prakRti kA dharma hai| jJAna kA udaya na to akele puruSa meM hI hotA hai aura na buddhi meM hI hotA hai| jaba jJAnendriyA~ bAhya padArthoM ko buddhi ke sAmane upasthita karatI haiM to buddhi upasthita padArtha ke AkAra ko dhAraNa kara letI hai| utane para bhI jaba buddhi meM caitanyAtmaka puruSa kA pratibimba par3atA hai tabhI jJAna kA udaya hotA hai| parantu jainadarzana buddhi aura caitanya meM koI bheda nahIM maantaa| usameM harSa-viSAda Adi aneka paryAya vAlA jJAna rUpa eka AtmA hI anubhava se siddha hai| caitanya, buddhi, adhyavasAya, jJAna Adi usI kI paryAya kahalAtI haiN| ata: caitanya jJAnasvarUpa hI hai aura jIva caitanyAtmaka hai, jIva jJAna-darzana rUpa cetanAyukta hai, jJAna-darzana jIva ke guNa yA svabhAva haiM, usameM apane nija ke dharma haiN| koI bhI jIva unake binA raha hI nahIM sktaa| yaha anubhava siddha hai ki jo jIva hai, vaha jJAnavAn hai aura jo jJAnavAn hai vaha jIva hai| jaise-agni apane uSNa guNa yA svabhAva ko aura pAnI apane zItala guNa yA svabhAva ko chor3a kara nahIM raha sakate, vaise hI jIva bhI jJAnaguNa ke binA nahIM raha sktaa| saMsAra ke sabhI padArtha, cAhe ve jar3a hoM yA cetana, unakA astitva unake apane guNa yA svabhAva yA dharma ke Upara hI nirbhara rahatA hai| ekendriya per3a-paudhoM meM rahane vAle jIva se lekara muktAvasthA meM rahane vAle jIva taka 26 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #29
meM hInAdhika jJAna pAyA jAtA hai| sabase kama jJAna ekendriya vRkSAdi meM rahane vAle jIvoM meM pAyA jAtA hai aura sabase adhika arthAt pUrNa jJAna muktAtmA meM pAyA jAtA hai| ataH jJAna guNa jIva yA AtmA kA nijasvarUpa (svabhAva yA dharma) hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana bhI jJAna ko jIva kA guNa mAnatA hai; kintu usake matAnusAra guNa aura guNI, ye donoM do pRthak padArtha aura una donoM kA paraspara meM samavAya sambandha hotA hai ataH usake anusAra AtmA jJAna svarUpa nahIM hai, kintu usameM jJAna guNa rahatA hai isalie vaha jJAnavAn kahA jAtA hai| kintu jainadarzana ke anusAra yaha mAnyatA ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki yadi AtmA jJAnasvarUpa nahIM hai to vaha ajJAnasvarUpa mAnA jAegA aura usake ajJAnasvarUpa hone para AtmA aura jar3a meM koI antara nahIM rhtaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki nyAyadarzana AtmA ko svayaM cetana bhI nahIM mAnatA kintu caitanya ke sambandha se hI cetana mAnatA hai| aisI sthiti meM jJAna kI hI taraha cetana ke sambandha meM bhI vahI Apatti upasthita hotI hai| ataH isa Apatti ke nirAkaraNa ke lie AtmA ko svayaM cetana aura jJAnasvarUpa mAnanA caahie| kyoMki yadi jJAnI (AtmA) aura jJAna-guNa ko paraspara meM sadA eka dUsare se bhinna padArthAntara mAnA jAye to donoM hI acetana ho jaaeNge| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki jJAna se bhinna hone para bhI AtmA jJAna ke samavAya se jJAnI hotA hai to jJAna ke sAtha samavAya sambandha hone se pUrva vaha AtmA jJAnI thA yA ajJAnI? yadi jJAnI thA to usameM jJAna kA samavAya sambandha mAnanA vyartha hai| yadi ajJAnI thA to ajJAna ke samavAya se ajJAnI thA yA ajJAna ke sAtha ekatva hone se ajJAnI thA? ajJAnI meM ajJAna kA samavAya mAnanA to vyartha hI hai tathA usa samaya usameM jJAna kA samavAya na hone se use jJAnI bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isalie ajJAna ke sAtha ekatva hone se AtmA ajJAnI hI ThaharatA hai| aisI sthiti meM jaise ajJAna ke sAtha ekatva hone se AtmA ajJAnI huA vaise hI jJAna ke sAtha bhI AtmA kA ekatva mAnanA caahie| isa prakAra jJAnaguNa aura jJAnI (guNI AtmA) alaga-alaga nahIM haiN| jainadarzana ke anusAra alaga yA bhinna ve hI kahe jAte haiM jinake pradeza bhinna hoN| jainadarzana meM guNa aura guNI ke pradeza bhinna nahIM mAne jaate| ataeva jJAna-jJAnI (AtmA) ke pradeza bhinna nahIM hai| jo AtmA ke pradeza haiM, ve hI pradeza jJAnAdi guNoM ke bhI haiM isalie unameM pradeza bheda nahIM haiN| ata: jo jAnatA hai vahI jJAna hai| isalie jJAna ke sambandha se AtmA jJAnI nahIM hai, kintu jJAna hI AtmA hai| cU~ki jJAna AtmA ke binA nahIM raha sakatA, ataH jJAna hI AtmA hai| AtmA meM aneka guNa pAye jAte haiM, ata: AtmA jJAnasvarUpa bhI hai aura anyaguNa rUpa bhii| isa prakAra AtmA yA jIva kA lakSaNa nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 27 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #30
jJAna-darzanAdi guNa rUpa hai| dehAtmavAdI cArvAka kevala zarIra ko hI AtmA mAnatA hai| usake matAnusAra pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu ye cAra hI bhautika tattva haiM / ina tattvoM kA jJAna hameM pratyakSa rUpa se indriyoM ke dvArA prApta hotA hai| saMsAra ke jitane bhI dravya haiM ve sabhI ina cAra tattvoM se bane hue haiN| Atma dravya bhI isa bhUtacatuSTaya ke saMyoga se utpanna zakti-vizeSa hI hai| deharUpa se pariNata inhIM tattvoM se caitanya utpanna hotA hai| jaise kodrava, jau, guDa Adi ke saMyoga se mAdakazakti utpanna ho jAtI hai| pratyeka dravya meM avidyamAna bhI cetanatA ina bhUta catuSTaya ke saMyoga se hI caitanyazakti utpanna ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra bhUtacatuSTaya ke saMyoga se utpanna zakti-vizeSa yA zarIravizeSa hI AtmA hai| zarIra se bhinna koI AtmA nahIM hai| ina tattvoM ke naSTa ho jAne para deharUpa AtmA bhI svayaM naSTa ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra zarIra hI AtmA hai|" jainadarzana ke anusAra yaha mAnyatA bhI sadoSa hai| kyoMki yadi bhUta-catuSTaya ke saMyoga se caitanya yA jIva utpanna hotA hai to cUlhe para car3hI huI patelI Adi meM dAla-cAvala banAte samaya usameM jala, agni, vAyu aura pRthvI ina cAroM tattvoM kA saMyoga hai, vahA~ para caitanya kI utpatti kyoM nahIM ho jAtI hai? vahA~ bhI cetana. kI utpatti honI cAhie, para nahIM hotI hai| guDa Adi ke sambandha meM hone vAlI acetana unmAdinI zakti kA udAharaNa bhI cetana ke viSaya meM lAgU nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra lokAyata cArvAka indriyoM ko hI AtmA mAnatA hai to prANAtmavAdI cArvAka prANoM ko hI, mana AtmavAdI cArvAka mana ko hI AtmA kahatA hai to yogAcAra matAvalambI vijJAnavAdI bauddha buddhi ko| prabhAkara matAnuyAyI mImAMsaka ke anusAra ajJAna hI AtmA hai to kumArila bhaTTa matAnuyAyI mImAMsaka ke anusAra ajJAnopahata caitanya hI AtmA hai| isI prakAra vyApaka tathA aNu-AtmavAdI AtmA ko bar3e se bar3A (vyApaka) aura choTe-se-choTA (aNurUpa) mAnate hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra ye saba mAnyatAe~ tarka, anubhava aura Agama ke viruddha siddha hotI haiN| jIva dravya bheda-prabheda : jIva mUlata: do prakAra ke hote haiM-1. saMsArI aura 2. mukta / karma bandhana se yukta ataeva janma-maraNa dhAraNa karane vAle jIva saMsArI jIva kahalAte haiM aura karmabandhana se rahita ataeva jo saMsAra se chUTa cuke haiM, jinheM janma-maraNa ke cakkara se chuTakArA mila cukA hai, siddhagati ko prApta ho gaye haiM ve mukta jIva haiN| mukta jIvoM meM to koI bheda nahIM hotaa| sabhI siddha gati ko prApta jIva samAna guNa dharma vAle hote haiM, kintu saMsArI jIvoM ke aneka bheda-prabheda hote 28 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #31
haiM / saMsArI jIva mUlataH do prakAra ke hote haiM - trasa aura sthAvara " do indriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke sabhI jIva trasa kahalAte haiM / 12 sthAvara jIva ekendriya hote haiN| sthAvara jIvoM ke kevala eka sparzana indriya hI hotI hai| ye pA~ca prakAra ke hote hai 1. pRthvIkAyika jIva (jinakA zarIra pArthiva pRthvI rUpa hotA hai); jaisepatthara, lohA, miTTI Adi khanija padArtha jo pRthvI se pRthak nahIM hote / 2. jalakAyika jIva (jala hI jinakA zarIra hotA hai| ye jala se pRthak nahIM hote)| jaise jala, olA, osa, barpha Adi / jala meM utpanna hone vAle jalajantuoM se ye bilkula bhinna hote haiN| 3. agnikAyika jIva ( agni hI jinakA zarIra hotA hai); jaise aMgArA, bijalI, dIpaka aadi| ye agni se pRthak nahIM hote / 4. vAyukAyika jIva (vAyu hI jinakA zarIra hotA hai); ye vAyu se pRthak nahIM hote / vAyu meM ur3ane vAle kucha kITAdi prANI inase bilkula hI bhinna hote haiM / 5. vanaspatikAyika jIva (vanaspati hI jinakA zarIra hotA hai); jaise vRkSa, paudhe, latAe~ aadi| saMsArI jIva kI cAra gati yA avasthAe~ hotI haiM 44 - 1. narakagati, 2. tiryaMcagati, 3. manuSyagati, 4. devagati / (1) naraka gati - isa pRthvI ke nIce sAta narakoM kI sthiti mAnI gayI hai / ina narakoM meM utpanna honA naraka gati hai / jaba kabhI saMsArI jIva tIvra azubha (pApa) pariNAmoM se mRtyu ko prApta karate haiM taba ina narakoM meM jAte haiM / saMsArI jIvoM kI yaha gati (avasthA yA paryAya) naraka gati kahalAtI hai| naraka gati meM apAra kaSTa hote haiN| yaha duHkhamaya sthAna hai| yahA~ kA vAtAvaraNa saba prakAra se duHkhadAyaka hotA hai| nArakI jIvoM ke pariNAma bhI atyanta krUra, Arta - raudramaya hote haiN| . (2) tiryaMcagati - pazu, pakSI, kIr3e-makor3e Adi kI avasthA yA gati ko tiryaMcagati kahate haiN| tiryaMcagati meM bhI bhUkha-pyAsa, sardI-garmI, paraspara meM eka dUsare dvArA satAye jAnA Adi apAra kaSTa dekhe jAte haiN| isa gati kI prApti bhI azubha, pApa-pariNAmoM kA hI phala hai / mAyAcAra kI mukhyatA meM tiryaMca gati prApta hotI hai| ( 3 ) manuSyagati - jisa samaya jIva puNyodaya se manuSya paryAya meM janma dhAraNa karatA hai use manuSyagati kahate haiN| manuSya gati ko anya tInoM gatiyoM se sarvotkRSTa mAnA gayA hai| isa gati se hI saMyama Adi dhAraNa karake, samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra ko prApta karake mokSagati ko prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 29 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #32
(4) devagati-jaba jIva deva zarIra ko prApta karatA hai to usako devagati kahate haiN| devagati meM yaha jIva puNya ke phalasvarUpa aneka prakAra ke bhoga, sundara ... va svastha zarIra, manohara devAMganAe~ aura unake bhoga tathA vaikriyaka zarIra sampanna aneka prakAra kA vaibhava prApta karatA hai| devagati meM bhI yaha jIva yadi suvidhAjanya bhogoM se pApa saMcaya karatA hai yA usakA puNya kSINa ho jAtA hai to vahA~ se calakara tiryaMca gati meM, ekendriya sthAvara gati meM bhI paidA ho jAtA hai, durgatiyoM meM paribhramaNa karatA hai| ukta paMcendriya jIvoM ke saMjJI aura asaMjJI ye do bheda bhI hote haiN| (1) saMjJI paMcendriya-hitAhita kI parIkSA tathA guNa-doSa ke vicAra karane ko ' saMjJA kahate haiN| isa prakAra kI saMjJA jinake pAyI jAtI hai, ve saMjJI paMcendriya jIva kahalAte haiN| ina jIvoM ke mana hotA hai jisake dvArA ye apanA bhalA-burA vicAra sakate haiN| ye hI sainI jIva kahalAte haiN| saMjJI jIva paMcendriya hI hote haiN| . (2) asaMjJI paMcendriya-ukta prakAra kI saMjJA jina jIvoM ke nahIM pAyI jAtI hai ve asaMjJI paMcendriya jIva kahalAte haiN| ye apane bhale-bure kA vicAra nahIM kara sakate haiM, ye hI asainI jIva kahalAte haiN| koI koI jala meM rahane vAle sarpa . paMcendriya to hote haiM kintu unake mana na hone se asaMjJI yA asainI hote haiN| vaise jIvarAzi ananta hai kintu vistAra bhaya se unake sabhI ke bheda-prabheda yahA~ nahIM diye jA rahe haiM, anya siddhAnta-granthoM se jAna lenA caahie| ajIvadravya svarUpa aura bheda-prabheda : jaisA ki pUrva meM kahA gayA hai| ajIva dravya ke pA~ca bheda haiM-1.pudgala, 2. dharma, 3. adharma, 4. AkAza, 5. kaal| (1) pudgala dravya : vyutpattiparaka lakSaNa-'pudgala' zabda kA prayoga bhAratIya darzanoM meM se kevala jainadarzana meM hI kiyA gayA hai| yaha zabda jaina pAribhASika hai| pAribhASika hote hue bhI yaha zabda rUr3ha na hokara vyautpattika hai| anya kisI bhI darzana meM isa zabda kA prayoga nahIM milatA hai| yadyapi bauddhadarzana meM isakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, para nitAnta anya hI artha meN| jIva ke artha meM bhI isakA prayoga milatA hai, para vaha bilkula hI anupayukta pratIta hotA hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM acetana prakRti kA tathA Adhunika vijJAna meM maiTara (Matter) kA jo sthAna hai vahI sthAna jainadarzana meM 'pudgala' kA hai| jainadarzana meM prakRti ke samasta acetana, mUrtika padArthoM ko 'pudgala' kahA gayA hai| pUraNa svabhAva se 'put' aura galana svabhAva se 'gala' ina do avayavoM ke mela se 'pudgala' zabda banA hai| vaha dravya jisameM pahale pUraNabAhya aMza ke milane , banane, ekatrita hone aura pazcAt galana (galana) TUTane-phUTane, 30 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #33
bigar3ane kI kriyAe~ hotI rahatI haiM, vaha pudgala hai| acetana jar3a padArtha ko pUraNagalana svabhAva ke kAraNa hI pudgala kahA gayA hai| jo pUreM-galeM, TUTe-phUTeM, baneMbigar3eM ve saba pudgala dravya haiN| hama jo kucha dekhate haiM, khAte-pIte haiM, sUMghate haiM, chUte haiM aura sunate haiM, vaha saba pudgala dravya hai| isIlie jainAgama granthoM meM pudgala kA lakSaNa sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa vAlA kahA gayA hai|' arthAt jisa meM ATha prakAra kA sparza (komala, kaThora, halakA, bhArI, zIta, uSNa, snigdha aura rUkSa), pA~ca prakAra kA rasa (khaTTA, mIThA, kaDuvA, kaSAyalA aura caraparA), do prakAra kA gandha (sugandha aura durgandha) aura pA~ca prakAra kA varNa (kAlA,pIlA, nIlA, lAla, aura sapheda) ye bIsa guNa pAye jAte haiM, vaha pudgala dravya hai| vaha rUpI hai,2 ajIva hai, nitya hai, avasthita hai aura loka kA eka dravya hai| chahoM dravyoM meM eka pudgala dravya hI mUrtika hai, zeSa dravya amUrtika haiN| nyAyadarzanakAra pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu ko judA dravya mAnate hai; kyoMki unakI mAnyatA ke anusAra pRthvI meM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza cAroM guNa pAye jAte haiM, jala meM gandha ke sivAya zeSa tIna hI guNa pAye jAte haiM, teja meM gandha aura rasa ke sivA zeSa do hI guNa pAye jAte haiM aura vAyu meM kevala eka sparza hI guNa pAyA jAtA hai| ata: cAroM ke paramANu jude-jude haiN| arthAt pRthvI ke paramANu jude haiM, jala ke paramANu jude haiM, teja ke paramANu jude haiM aura vAyu ke paramANu jude haiN| ata: ye cAroM dravya jude-jude haiM; kintu jainadarzana kA kahanA hai ki saba paramANu eka jAtIya hI haiM aura una sabhI meM cAroM guNa pAye jAte haiN| kintu unase bane hue dravyoM meM se kisI-kisI guNa kI pratIti nahIM hotI, usakA kAraNa una guNoM kA abhivyakta na ho sakanA hI hai jaise-pRthvI meM jala kA siMcana karane se gandhaguNa vyakta hotA hai isalie use kevala pRthvI kA hI guNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| A~valA khAkara pAnI pIne se pAnI kA svAda mIThA lagatA hai, kintu vaha svAda kevala pAnI kA hI nahIM hai, A~vale kA svAda bhI usameM sammilita hai| isI prakAra anya meM bhI samajhanA caahie| isake sivAya jala se motI utpanna hotA hai jo pArthiva mAnA jAtA hai, jaMgala meM bA~soM kI ragar3a se agni utpanna ho jAtI hai, jau ke khAne se peTa meM vAyu utpanna hotI hai| isase siddha hai ki pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu ke paramANuoM meM bheda nahIM hai| jo kucha bheda hai, vaha kevala pariNamana kA bheda hai ataH sabhI meM sparzAdi cAroM guNa mAnane cAhie aura isIlie pRthvI Adi cAra dravya nahIM haiM; kintu eka dravya hai| Upara kahe gaye sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa, ye cAra mukhya bheda pudgala meM pAye jAte haiM, para ina ke ukta prakAra se avAntara bheda bIsa hote haiM unameM bhI pratyeka ke nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 31 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #34
taratama bhAva se saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta bheda hote haiN| sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa, pudgala ke guNa haiM tathA komala, kaThora Adi una guNoM kI paryAya haiN| ye ye sparzAdiguNa pudgala meM kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM sadA pAye jAte haiM, isalie pudgala ye svatattva haiN| pudgala ke bheda - mUlata: pudgala ke do bheda haiM- aNu aura skandha pudgaloM meM saMyukta aura viyukta, pUraNa aura galana, milane aura bichur3ane kI kSamatA spaSTa dikhAI detI hai, isI se vaha aNu aura skandha, ina do bhAgoM meM ba~TA huA hai| kitane hI prakAra ke pudgala kyoM na hoM ve saba ina do bhAgoM meM samA jAte haiM / paramANu - jainadarzana meM paramANu ke svarUpa ko vibhinna prakAra se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| skandha kA vaha antima bhAga jo vibhAjita ho hI nahIM sakatA, paramANu hai / vaha paramANu nitya hai, zabdarUpa nahIM hai| ekapradezI hai, avibhAgI hai aura mUrtika hai| vaha atyanta sUkSma hone se svayaM hI Adi, svayaM hI madhya aura svayaM hI anta rUpa hai arthAt jisameM Adi, madhya aura anta kA bheda nahIM hai aura jo indriyoM ke dvArA bhI grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA usa avibhAgI dravya ko paramANu samajhanA caahie|" pratyeka paramANu SaTkoNa AkAra vAlA, eka pradezAvagAhI, sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa ke samudAya rUpa, pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu kA kAraNa rUpa mUrtika, pariNamanazIla, svayaM azabda rUpa akhaNDa dravya hai / " vaha paramANu atyanta sUkSma hai, avibhAgI hai, zabda kA kAraNa hokara bhI svayaM azabda rUpa hai aura zAzvata hokara bhI utpAda tathA vyaya yukta hai, usameM bhI utpAda - vyaya - dhrauvyAtmakatA pAyI jAtI hai| yadyapi paramANu pratyakSa nahIM hai lekina usakA skandha rUpa kAryoM ko dekhakara anumAna kara liyA jAtA hai| paramANuoM meM do avirodhI sparza (zIta-uSNa meM se eka tathA snigdha-rUkSa meM se eka), eka varNa, eka gandha aura eka rasa rahatA hai| ye svarUpa kI apekSA se nitya haiM lekina sparza Adi paryAyoM kI apekSA se anitya bhI haiN| inakA parimANa parimaNDala (gola) hotA hai / 7 yadyapi pudgala skandha meM snigdha- rUkSa meM se eka, zIta-uSNa meM se eka, mRdukaThora meM se eka aura laghu-guru meM se eka, ye cAra sparza hote haiM, kintu paramANu ke atyanta sUkSma hone se usameM mRdu-kaThora, laghu-guru, una cAra sparzoM ke hone kA koI prazna hI nahIM uThatA, isalie usameM kevala do hI sparza mAne gaye haiM / isase anya dvyaNuka Adi skandha banate haiN| isalie yaha unakA antya kAraNa hai| arthAt yaha vastu mAtra meM upAdAna hai, kArya nahIM hai / yadyapi dvyaNuka Adi skandhoM kA bheda 32 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #35
hone se paramANu kI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai, isalie yaha bhI kathaMcit kArya ThaharatA hai, tathApi paramANu yaha pudgala kI svAbhAvika dazA hai, isalie vastutaH yaha kisI kA kArya nahIM hai, yaha nitya hai, eka rasa, gandha, varNa vAlA hai| yaha itanA sUkSma hai ki ise indriyoM se nahIM jAnA jA sakatA tathApi kArya dvArA usake astitva kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaba taka vaha paramANu skandhagata hai, pradeza kahalAtA hai aura apanI pRthak avasthA meM paramANu kahalAtA hai| yaha paramANu pudgala dravya kA avibhAjya, acchedya, abhedya, adAhya tathA agrAhya aMza hai| kisI bhI upAya, upacAra yA upAdhi se usakA bhAga nahIM ho sktaa| vajrapaTala se bhI usakA vibhAga nahIM ho sakatA, kisI tIkSNa-ati tIkSNa zastra se bhI usakA bhAga nahIM ho sktaa| vaha talavAra kI yA isase bhI tIkSNa dhAra vAle zastra kI dhAra para raha sakatA hai| talavAra yA chure kI tIkSNa dhAra para rahe hue paramANu kA chedana-bhedana nahIM ho sktaa| vaha agni meM praveza kara jalatA nahIM, puSkara, saMvarta, mahAmegha meM bhI praveza kara Ardra nahIM hotA, udaka-bindu kA Azraya lekara vilupta nahIM hotaa| paramANu kI na lambAI hai, na caur3AI hai, na gaharAI hai, vaha to ikAI rUpa hai| paramANu ke bheda-paramANu cAra prakAra kA hai : (1) dravyaparamANu-pudgalaparamANu / (2) kSetraparamANu-AkAza prmaannu| (3) kaalprmaannu-smy| (4) bhaavprmaannu-gunn| bhAva paramANu cAra prakAra kA batalAyA gayA hai-1.varNa-guNa, 2.gandha-guNa, 3.rasa-guNa, 4. sprsh-gunn| inake upabheda bhI 16 haiN| isa prakAra jaina darzana meM pratipAdita paramANu varNa, rasa, gandha, sparzavAn hai| aisA honA pudgala kA svabhAva hai| paramANu meM gati va kriyA -paramANu jar3a hotA huA bhI gatizIla hai| usakI gati prerita bhI hotI hai aura aprerita bhii| vaha sarvadA gati karatA ho, aisI bAta nahIM hai, kabhI karatA hai, kabhI nhiiN| vaha kriyAvAn bhI hai| usakI kriyAe~ Akasmika hotI haiM. aura aneka prakAra kI hotI haiN| vaha kabhI kampana bhI karatA hai aura sthira bhI rahatA hai| ... paramANu apanI utkRSTa gati se eka samaya meM caudaharAjU loka se pUrva caramAnta se pazcima caramAnta, uttara caramAnta se dakSiNa caramAnta aura adhocaramAnta se Urdhva caramAnta taka pahu~ca sakatA hai| 'samaya' eka jaina pAribhASika zabda hai| paramANu kI nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 33 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #36
taraha yaha kAla kA antima Tukar3A hai| sthUla rUpa se hama ise isa prakAra se samajha sakate haiM ki hamArI A~khoM ke palaka ke eka bAra uThane yA girane mAtra meM asaMkhya samaya vyatIta ho jAte haiN| 'samaya' kA ullekha jainAgama granthoM meM isa prakAra milatA hai ki 'pudgala' kA zuddha-paramANu AkAza ke eka pradeza se dUsare pradeza para jitane samaya meM pahu~catA hai, use samaya kahate hai aura AkAza ke jitane kSetra ko pudgalaparamANu rokatA hai yA gheratA hai utane kSetra ko 'pradeza' kahate haiN| paramANu eka samaya meM brahmANDa ke adho caramAnta se Urdhva caramAnta taka athavA Upara se nIce taka calA jAtA hai| ___ jaina zAstroM ke anusAra yaha samagra vizva Upara se nIce taka caudaha rAjU hai| eka rAjU kitanA vizAla hotA hai, isakA sthUla ullekha kucha uttaravartI granthoM meM isa prakAra milatA hai:-koI deva hajAra mana ke lauha golaka ko hAtha meM uThAkara ananta AkAza meM chor3e aura vaha lauha golaka chaH mahIne taka giratA jAe isa avadhi meM vaha jitane AkAza deza kA avagAhana karatA hai, vaha eka rAjU hai| aise caudaha rAjuoM kA samasta brahmANDa hai, ata: eka samaya meM isa chora se usa chora taka pahu~cane vAlA paramANu kitanI tIvra gati karatA hai yaha vicAraNIya bAta hai| jisa prakAra paramANu kI utkRSTa gati batAI gayI hai usI prakAra usakI alpatama gati kA nirdeza bhI zAstroM meM milatA hai| kama se kama gati karatA huA paramANu eka samaya meM AkAza ke eka pradeza se apane nikaTavartI dUsare pradeza meM jA sakatA hai| AkAza kA eka pradeza utanA hI choTA hai jitanA ki eka prmaannu| paramANu kI gati svataH bhI hotI hai tathA anya pudgaloM kI prareNA se bhii| paramANupudgala apratighAtI hai| vaha moTI-se-moTI lauha dIvAra ko apane sahajabhAva se pAra kara jAtA hai, parvata use nahIM rokte| yaha vajra ke bhI isa pAra se usa pAra nikala jAtA hai| kabhI-kabhI vaha pratihata bhI hotA hai| aisI sthiti meM vaha svayaM bhI pratihata ho sakatA hai| tathA apane pratipakSI paramANu ko bhI pratihata kara sakatA hai| paramANuoM kA sUkSma pariNamana aura avagAhana-paramANu kI sabase vilakSaNa zakti to yaha hai ki jisa AkAza pradeza ko eka paramANu ne ghera rakhA hai usI AkAza pradeza meM dUsarA paramANu bhI svatantratApUrvaka raha sakatA hai| aura usI eka AkAza pradeza meM ananta pradezI skandha bhI Thahara jAtA hai| kyoMki paramANu ke atyanta sUkSma hone se vaha apane nivAsa kSetra meM anya paramANu ko Ane se nahIM rokatA isalie eka pradeza para ananta paramANu samA jAte haiM / sUkSma rUpa se pariNata hue paramANu 34 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #37
AkAza ke eka-eka pradeza meM ananta Thahara jAte haiN| inakI yaha avagAhana zakti vyAghAta rahita hai isalie AkAza ke eka pradeza meM bhI anantAnanta paramANuoM kA avasthAna nirbAdha rUpa se hotA hai| isa prakAra yaha paramANuoM kI sUkSma pariNamana aura avagAhana zakti kA vaicitrya hai| paramANuoM kA samAsIkaraNa-jainadarzana batAtA hai ki thor3e se paramANu eka vistRta AkAza khaNDa ko ghera lete haiM aura kabhI-kabhI ve paramANu ghanIbhUta hokara bahuta choTe se AkAza deza meM samA jAte haiN| isa samAsIkaraNa aura vyayAtIkaraNa kA mukhya kAraNa yaha hai ki eka paramANu apane hI sadRza eka AkAza pradeza meM pUrA samA jAtA hai aura apanI sUkSma pariNAmAvagAhanazakti se usI AkAza pradeza meM anantAnanta paramANu nirvirodha eka sAtha Thahara jAte haiN| isa prakAra isa vivecana se paramANu ke sambandha meM aneka bAteM jJAta hotI haiN| paramANu viSayaka jainadarzana kI yaha mAnyatA bhAratIya-darzana meM apanA vizeSa sthAna rakhatI hai| skandha-do yA do se adhika tIna, cAra, chaH, saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta tathA ananta paramANuoM ke piNDa ko skandha kahate haiN| skandha aneka pudgala-paramANuoM kA eka samUha hai| paramANu pudgala kA zuddharUpa yA svAbhAvika paryAya hai| aura skandha vibhAva paryAya hai; kyoMki skandha aneka paramANuoM kA bandha vizeSa hai| do yA do se adhika paramANuoM ke bandha se jo dravya taiyAra hotA hai use skandha kahate haiN| do paramANuoM ke mela se vyaNuka banatA hai, tIna paramANuoM ke mela se tryaNuka, isI taraha saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta paramANuoM ke mela se saMkhyAtapradezI, asaMkhyAtapradezI aura anantapradezI skandha taiyAra hote haiN| dhUpa meM jo kaNa ur3ate hue dRSTigocara hote haiM ve sabhI skandha hI haiN| ukta kathana meM itanI vizeSatA hai ki vyaNuka to paramANuoM ke saMzleSa se hI banatA hai kintu tryaNuka Adi skandha paramANuoM ke saMzleSa se bhI banate haiM tathA vividha skandhoM ke saMzleSa se bhii| isalie antya skandha ke atirikta zeSa sabhI 'skandha paraspara kAryarUpa bhI haiM aura kAraNarUpa bhii| jina skandhoM se banate haiM unake kArya haiM aura jinheM banAte haiM unake kAraNa bhI hai| skandha ke bheda-yadyapi skandha ke ananta bheda haiM tathApi saMkSepa se tIna bheda haiM-1. skandha, 2. skandha deza aura 3. skandha prdesh| ___(1) skandha-mUrta dravyoM kI eka ikAI skandha hai| dUsare zabdoM meM do se lekara nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 35 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #38
yAvat ananta paramANuoM kA ekIbhAva skandha hai| vibhinna paramANuoM kA eka honA jaise skandha hai vaise hI vibhinna skandhoM kA eka honA bhI eka svatantra skandha hai| .... kabhI-kabhI ananta paramANuoM ke svAbhAvika milana se eka lokavyApI mahAskandha bhI bana jAtA hai (2) skandha deza-skandha eka ikAI hai, usa ikAI ke buddhi-kalpita eka bhAga ko skandha deza kahA jAtA hai| (3) skandha pradeza-jainadarzana ke anusAra pratyeka skandha kA mUlAdhAra paramANu hai| yaha paramANu jaba taka skandhagata hai taba taka vaha skandha pradeza kahalAtA hai| vaha . avibhAgI aMza jo sUkSmatama hai aura jisakA phira aMza nahIM bana pAtA vaha skandha pradeza hai| isa prakAra skandha ke ye tIna bheda aura eka paramANa, jisakA vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai, ye saba milAkara pudgala ke cAra bheda haiN| ___ apane pariNamana kI apekSA pudgala skandhoM ke chaH bheda haiM62__ (1) bAdara-bAdara (sthUla-sthUla)-jisa pudgala skandha kA chedana-bhedana tathA anyatra vahana yA prApaNa ho sake usa skandha ko bAdara-bAdara kahate haiN| jaiselakar3I, pRthvI, patthara aadi| (2) bAdara (sthUla)-jisakA chedana-bhedana na ho sake; kintu anyatra prApaNa yA vahana ho sake, chinna-bhinna hone para Apasa meM mila jAveM una skandha ko bAdara kahate haiN| jaise dUdha, ghRta, jala, tailAdi drava pdaarth| (3) bAdara-sUkSma (sthUla-sUkSma)-jisakA chedana-bhedana anyatra vahana-prApaNa kucha bhI na ho sake aise netra se dekhane yogya pudgala skandha, jinakA AkAra bhI bane kintu pakar3a meM na AveM ve bAdara-sUkSma kahalAte haiN| jaise-chAyA, prakAza, andhakAra Atapa, cA~danI aadi| __ (4) sUkSma-bAdara (sUkSma-sthUla)-netra ko chor3akara zeSa indriyoM ke viSayabhUta pudgala skandha sUkSma-bAdara haiN| jaise-tApa, dhvani Adi UrjAe~, vAyu va anya prakAra kI gaiseN| (5) sUkSma-jo sUkSma hone ke kAraNa indriyoM se grahaNa na kiye jA sakeM ve pudgala-skandha sUkSma haiN| jaise-kArmANa vargaNAe~ (karma) aadi| (6) sUkSmasUkSma-pudgala hokara bhI jo skandha avasthA se rahita hoM ve sUkSma-sUkSma skandha haiN| jaise-vyaNuka aadi| inake atirikta pudgaloM ke anya bheda bhI AgamoM meM batAye gaye haiN| 36 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #39
pudgala paryAya- pudgala dravya kI ananta paryAya haiM, unameM daza paryAya yA avasthAe~ mukhya haiM-- zabda, bandha, sUkSmatA, sthUlatA, saMsthAna (AkAra), bheda (khaNDa), andhakAra, chAyA, Atapa aura udyota jainadarzana meM pudgala dravya kI zabda, bandha Adi ukta daza avasthAe~ mAnI gayI haiM, jinheM prAcIna kAla ke anya dArzanika pudgala rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karate the kintu Aja Adhunika vijJAna ne unheM pudgala rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA hai| jainazAstroM meM inakA vistRta vivecana milatA hai| yahA~ saMkSepa rUpa se unakA vivecana kiyA jAtA hai - 1. zabda - pudgala ke aNu aura skandha bhedoM kI avAntara jAtiyA~ 23 haiN| unameM eka jAti zabda yA bhASA vargaNA hai| ye bhASA vargaNAe~ loka meM sarvatra vyApta haiN| jisa kAya-vastu se dhvani nikalatI hai usa vastu meM kampana hone ke kAraNa ina pudgala vargaNAoM meM bhI kampana hotA hai jisase taraMgeM utpanna hotI haiM / ye taraMgeM hI uttarottara pudgala vargaNAoM meM kampana paidA karatI haiM, jisase zabda eka sthAna se udbhUta hokara dUsare sthAna para bhI sunAI par3atA hai| vidyamAna aNuoM kA dhvanirUpa pariNAma zabda hai / vaha zabda skandha se utpanna hotA hai, aneka paramANuoM ke bandha vizeSa ko skandha kahate haiM, una skandhoM ke paraspara meM TakarAne se zabda kI utpatti hotI hai / 4 vaha zabda arUpa yA abhautika nahIM hai; kyoMki vaha zrotrendriya kA viSaya hai| jo kucha bhI indriyagrAhya hotA hai, vaha mUrta-svarUpa aura paudgalika hotA hai / ataH zabda paudgalika hai| skandhoM ke paraspara saMyoga, saMgharSaNa aura vibhAga se zabda utpanna hotA hai / jihvA aura tAlu Adi ke saMyoga se nAnA prakAra ke bhASAtmaka prAyogika zabda utpanna hote haiM / zabda ke utpAdaka upAdAna kAraNa tathA sthUla nimitta kAraNa donoM hI paudgalika haiM / zabda kevala zakti nahIM kintu zaktimAna pudgala skandha hai, jo vAyuskandha ke dvArA dezAntara ko jAtA huA Asa-pAsa ke vAtAvaraNa ko prabhAvita karatA hai, jhanajhanAtA hai aura sunane vAle ke karNakuhara ko prApta hotA huA kAna ke parde ko sparza karake * sunAI par3atA hai| zabda mUrtika hai isalie mUrtika karNendriya dvArA usakA grahaNa hotA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana zabda ko AkAza kA guNa mAnatA hai to vedAnta brahma kA vivarta aura bauddha vijJAna kA pariNAma / kintu jainadarzana ise pudgala dravya kI vyaMjana paryAya mAnatA hai| yadi zabda AkAza kA guNa hotA to mUrtika karNendriya ke nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 37 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #40
dvArA usakA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA thA, kyoMki amUrtika AkAza kA guNa bhI amUrtika hI hogA to phira amUrtika zabda ko mUrtika karNendriya kaise grahaNa kara sakatI hai? isa prakAra yukti se vicAra karane para yahI siddha hotA hai ki zabda amUrtika AkAza kA guNa nahIM hai kintu mUrtika pudgala dravya kI hI paryAya hai| ataH paudgalika hai| zabda ke paudgalikatva kI siddhi anubhava dvArA bhI hotI hai| zabda TakarAtA bhI hai kue~, guphA vagairaha meM AvAja karane se vaha TakarAtA hai aura usakI pratidhvani sunAI par3atI hai| nizchidra banda kamare meM AvAja karane para vaha vahIM gUMjatI rahatI hai, bAhara nahIM nikalatI hai| zabda rokA bhI jAtA hai, grAmophona ke rikArDa, TelIphona Adi isake udAharaNa haiN| zabda gatimAna bhI hai| Adhunika vijJAna bhI zabda meM gati mAnatA hai| skUla meM lar3akoM ko prayoga dvArA batalAyA jAtA hai ki zabda aise AkAza meM gamana nahIM kara sakatA jahA~ kisI bhI prakAra kA 'maiTara' na ho| aura aba to aise vaijJAnika yantra taiyAra ho gaye haiM jinake dvArA zabda taraMgeM dekhI jA sakatI haiN| ataH zabda amUrta AkAza kA guNa na hokara paudgalika hai, mUrtika hai| zabda ke bheda-prabheda-zabda ke do bheda haiM-1. bhASAtmaka aura 2. abhaassaatmk| 1. bhASAtmaka zabda do prakAra kA hai-1. akSarAtmaka aura 2. ankssraatmk| (1) jo vividha prakAra kI bhASAe~ saMskRta, prAkRta, dezabhASAe~ Adi bolacAla meM AtI haiM, jinameM grantha race jAte haiM, ve akSarAtmaka zabda haiN| (2)dvIndriya Adi prANiyoM ke jo dhvanirUpa zabda uccarita hote haiM tathA arahaMta deva kI divyadhvani, ye anakSarAtmaka zabda haiN| divyadhvani kaNTha, tAla Adi sthAnoM se akSararUpa hokara nahIM nikalatI hai, kintu sarvAMga se dhvani rUpa utpanna hotI hai, isalie anakSarAtmaka hai| (2) abhASAtmaka zabda ke bhI do bheda haiM-1. vainasika, 2. prAyogika / (1) vaisrasika zabda-megha Adi kI garjana, jo binA kisI ke prayoga se svAbhAvika ho, vaisrasika zabda hai| (2) prAyogika zabda-jo dUsare ke prayoga se ho, ve cAra prakAra ke haiM-1. tata, 2. vitata, 3. ghana aura 4. sussir| (1) tata-camar3e se mar3he hue mRdaMga, Dhola, bherI, nagAr3A, tabalA, dardura Adi kA zabda tata hai| 38 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #41
(2) vitata-tA~tavAle sitAra, tamUrA, vINA, sAraMgI Adi vAdyoM kA zabda vitata hai| (3) ghana-jhAMja, ghaMTA Adi kA shbd| (4) suSira-phUMka se bajane vAle zaMkha, vAMsurI Adi kA shbd| zabda ke ukta sabhI bhedoM ko eka cArTa dvArA ekasAtha pradarzita kiyA jA sakatA hai zabda bhASAtmaka abhASAtmaka akSarAtmaka anakSarAtmaka prAyogika vaisasika - tata vitata ghana suSira ___ 2. bandha-aneka padArthoM meM ekapane kA jJAna karAne vAle sambandha vizeSa ko bandha kahate haiN| kevala do vastuoM kA paraspara meM mila jAnA mAtra hI bandha nahIM hai; kintu bandha usa sambandha vizeSa ko kahate haiM, jisameM do cIjeM apanI asalI hAlata ko chor3akara eka tIsarI hAlata meM ho jAtI haiN| jaise-AksIjana aura hAIDrojana, ye donoM gaiseM jaba paraspara meM milatI haiM to pAnI kA rUpa ho jAtI haiN| kapUra, piparamaiMTa aura sata ajavAyana paraspara meM milakara eka drava auSadhi kA rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiM, yahI bandha hai| kevala saMyoga mAtra hI bandha nahIM hai| jaise-eka ghar3e meM bahuta se cane bhare haiM, una canoM meM paraspara meM saMyoga hai, bandha nahIM, kyoMki unameM paraspara ekIbhAva nahIM hai, bhinna-bhinna hai; kintu eka cane meM jo ananta paramANuoM kA samudAya hai, vaha bandha rUpa hai; kyoMki una paramANuoM meM ekIbhAva hai| bandha meM rAsAyanika sammizraNa Avazyaka hai, usake binA bandha nahIM ho sktaa| ... jainadarzana meM bandha ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa bar3I sUkSmatA se kiyA gayA hai| usake anusAra snigdha aura rUkSa guNa ke nimitta se hI paramANuoM kA bandha hotA hai| paramANuoM meM anya bhI aneka guNa hote haiM, kintu bandha karAne ke kAraNa kevala do hI guNa haiM-snigdhatA (cikkaNatA) aura rUkSatA (ruukhaapn)| yaha snigdhatA aura rUkSatA pudgala paramANuoM meM hInAdhika rUpa meM pAyI jAtI hai| jaise-jala tathA nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 39 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #42
bakarI, gAya, bhaiMsa aura U~TanI ke dUdha meM aura ghI meM uttarottara adhika rUpa se sneha guNa (cikkaNatA) hotA hai tathA raja, bAlU Adi meM adhika-adhika rUkSatA pAI jAtI hai| isI prakAra paramANuoM meM bhI snigdhatA aura rUkSatA kI adhikatA hotI hai / ataH snigdha guNavAle paramANuoM kA bhI bandha hotA hai, rUkSaguNa vAle paramANuoM kA bhI bandha hotA hai| arthAt yaha bandha snigdha guNavAle paramANu va skandha kA snigdha guNa vAle paramANu va skandha ke sAtha, rUkSa kA rUkSa ke sAtha aura snigdha kA rUkSa ke sAtha / isa prakAra samAna jAtIya tathA asamAna jAtIya donoM kA bhI hotA hai, kintu jaghanya guNa vAle paramANuoM kA bandha nahIM hotaa| jinameM snigdhatA aura rUkSatA kA eka avibhAgI aMza ho ve jaghanya guNa vAle paramANu kahalAte haiM, inakA bandha nahIM hotA" aura na hI guNoM kI samAnatA hone para samAna jAti vAle paramANu ke sAtha bandha hotA hai| jaise- do guNa vAle snigdha paramANu kA dUsare do guNa vAle snigdha paramANu ke sAtha bandha nahIM hotA; kyoMki isa prakAra ke guNa vAle paramANu yadyapi paraspara meM mila sakate haiM, kintu skandha ko utpanna nahIM kara sakate / isa kathana se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki guNoM kI viSamatA meM samAna jAti vAle athavA bhinna jAti vAle pudgala paramANuoM kA bandha ho jAtA hai| ataH do adhika guNavAle paramANuoM kA hI paraspara meM bandha ho sakatA hai; kyoMki adhika guNavAlA paramANu apane se do kama guNavAle paramANu se milakara eka tIsarI hI avasthA dhAraNa karatA hai, isI kA nAma bandha hai| yadi do se adhika yA do se kama guNavAloM kA bhI bandha mAna liyA jAe to adhika viSamatA ho jAne ke kAraNa adhika guNavAlA kama guNavAloM ko to apane meM milA legA, kintu kama guNavAlA adhika guNavAle para apanA utanA prabhAva nahIM DAla sakegA jitanA rAsAyanika sammizraNa ke lie Avazyaka hai / ataH do adhika vAloM kA hI bandha hotA hai aura aise hI bandha se skandhoM kI utpatti hotI hai / " eka snigdha paramANu kA dUsare do guNa adhika snigdha paramANuoM ke sAtha bandha hotA hai, eka rUkSa paramANu kA dUsare do guNa adhika rUkSa paramANu ke sAtha bandha hotA hai aura eka snigdha paramANu kA dUsare do guNa adhika rUkSa paramANu ke sAtha bhI bandha hotA hai| isa prakAra samAna jAtIya aura asamAna jAtIya donoM prakAra ke paramANuoM kA bandha hotA hai; kintu jaghanya guNavAloM kA bandha nahIM hotA hai| jaise- eka guNa vAle kA tIna guNa vAle paramANu ke sAtha bandha nahIM hotaa| zeSa snigdha yA rUkSa donoM paramANuoM kA samadhArA yA viSamadhArA meM do guNa adhika hone para bandha hotA hai| do, cAra, cha:, ATha, dasa ityAdi jahA~ para do ke Upara do-do azoM kI adhikatA ho vaha samadhArA hai aura tIna, pA~ca, sAta, nau, gyAraha ityAdi jahA~ para tIna ke Upara do-do aMzoM kI vRddhi ho vaha viSama dhArA hai| ina donoM dhArAoM meM jaghanya guNa ko 40 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #43
chor3akara do guNa adhika kA hI bandha hotA hai anya kA nhiiN| isI prakAra jo adhika guNavAlA paramANu hotA hai vaha hIna guNavAle paramANu ko bhI apane rUpa pariNamAne vAlA hotA hai| jaise-adhika madhura rasavAlA gIlA gur3a apane Upara par3I huI raja ko bhI gur3a rUpa pariNamA letA hai| aise hI jaba do skandhoM kA paraspara bandha hotA hai aura adhika guNavAlA hIna guNavAle ko apane svarUpa pariNamAtA hai taba pahilI donoM avasthAoM ke tyAgapUrvaka tIsarI avasthA prakaTa hotI hai aura donoM kA eka mahAskandha ho jAtA hai| anyathA adhika guNavAlA pariNamAne vAlA na hone se kRSNa aura zveta tantu kI taraha saMyoga hone para bhI bhinnabhinna hI rahate haiN| bandha ke bheda paraspara zleSa rUpa isa bandha ke do bheda haiM-(1) vaisasika aura (2) praayogik| (1) vaisasika-binA kisI prayatna ke bijalI, megha, agni aura indradhanuSa Adi sambandhI jo snigdha aura rUkSa guNa nimittaka bandha hotA hai, vaha vaisrasika bandha hai| kabhI-kabhI dekhate hI dekhate nirabhra AkAza thor3e se hI samaya meM raMga-biraMge bAdaloM se bhara jAtA hai, vahA~ bAdala rUpa skandhoM kA jamaghaTa laga jAtA hai aura kucha hI kSaNoM meM ve bAdala bikharate dikhAI dete haiN| isaprakAra se svAbhAvika skandhoM kA nirmANa aura vighaTana vainasika bandha hai| (2) prAyogika-prAyogika bandha vaha hai jo kisI ke prayoga se hotA hai| prAyogika bandha do prakAra kA hai-(1) ajIva viSayaka aura (2) jIvAjIva * vissyk| lakar3I aura lAkha-capar3A Adi kA bandha ajIva viSayaka prAyogika bandha hai aura jJAnAvaraNAdi karma aura zarIrAdi nokarma kA bandha jIva ke sAtha honA jIvAjIva viSayaka prAyogika bandha hai| prAyogika bandha ke bhI Alapana, Alepana Adi pA~ca bheda haiM, jinakA vistRta vivecana 'tattvArtha rAjavArtika' Adi granthoM se . jAnanA caahie| . ukta prakAra kA bandha pudgala dravya meM hI sambhava hai, ataH bandha bhI pudgala * dravya kI hI paryAya hai| 3. sUkSmatA-sUkSmatA bhI pudgala kI paryAya hai; kyoMki isakI utpatti pudgala se hotI hai| sUkSmatA kA artha patalApana yA laghutA Adi hai| jo vastu netra se dikhAI na par3e athavA kaThinAI se dikhAI par3e vaha sUkSmatA hai| isake do bheda nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 41 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #44
haiM-antya aura aapekssik| paramANuoM meM antya sUkSmatA pAI jAtI hai aura vyaNukAdi meM ApekSika sUkSmatA rahatI hai| ApekSika sUkSmatA saMghAta rUpa skandhoM ke pariNamana kI apekSA se huA karatI hai, jaise- nAriyala, Ama, bera Adi meM ApekSika sUkSmapanA hai| nAriyala kI apekSA Ama meM sUkSmatA aura Ama kI apekSA bera meM sUkSmatA pAyI jAtI hai| isa prakAra yaha sUkSmatA aneka bheda rUpa hai| 4. sthUlatA-yaha bhI pudgala kI paryAya hai| sthUlatA kA artha moTApana yA gurutA hai| isake bhI do bheda haiM- antya aura aapekssik| ApekSika sthUlatA saMghAta rUpa pudgala skandhoM ke pariNamana vizeSa kI apekSA se huA karatI hai| antya sthUlatA sampUrNa loka meM vyApta hokara rahane vAle mahAskandha meM rahA karatI hai| aura ApekSika sthUlatA apekSAkRta hotI hai| jaise-badarI phala kI apekSA A~vale meM sthUlatA pAI jAtI hai aura A~vale kI apekSA bilva phala meN| isa prakAra yaha sthUlatA bhI aneka bhedarUpa hai| sUkSmatva ke udAharaNa meM uttarottara sUkSmatA aura sthUlatva ke udAharaNa meM uttarottara sthUlatA pAI jAtI hai| ye donoM hI paudgalika haiN| ___5. saMsthAna"-saMsthAna kA artha AkRti yA AkAra hai| yaha do prakAra kA hai-(1) itthaMlakSaNa aura (2) anitthNlkssnn| jisa AkAra kA yaha isa taraha kA hai' isa prakAra se nirdeza kiyA jA sake vaha itthaMlakSaNa saMsthAna hai| jaise-gola, trikoNa, catuSkoNa, dIrgha, valayAkAra aadi| jisa AkAra se viSaya meM kucha kahA na jA sake vaha anitthaMlakSaNa saMsthAna hai| jaise-megha, indradhanuSa Adi ke AkAra ke viSaya meM kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 6. bheda - ekatva arthAt skandha rUpa meM pariNata pudgala piNDa kA vizleSa yA vibhAga honA bheda hai| isake utkara, cUrNa, khaNDa, cUrNikA, pratara, aNucaTana ye chaha bheda haiM __ (1) utkara-karoMta, kulhAr3I Adi se lakar3I Adi ke cIrane para jo burAdA nikalatA hai vaha utkara hai| (2) cUrNa-jo tathA gehU~ Adi kA ATA (3) khaNDa-ghaTa Adi kA Tukar3oM-Tukar3oM meM ho jaanaa| (4) cUrNikA-ur3ada tathA mUMga Adi kI cunI-cUrI aadi| (5) pratara-megha paTaloM kA vighaTana tathA abhraka, miTTI Adi kI taheM niklnaa| (6) aNucaTana-garma lohe Adi ko ghana se kUTane para Aga ke kaNoM kA nikalanA athavA khAna meM se sphuliMgoM kA niklnaa| 42 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #45
7. tama-prakAza ke virodhI aura dRSTi kA pratibandha karane vAle pudgala pariNAma ko tama yA andhakAra kahate haiN| tama andhakAra kA hI dUsarA nAma hai| yaha dekhane meM rukAvaTa DAlane vAlA prakAza kA virodhI yA pratipakSI eka pariNAma vizeSa hai| isameM vastue~ dikhAI nahIM detiiN| sUrya, candra, bijalI, dIpaka Adi ke abhAva meM jo pudgala skandha kAle andhakAra ke rUpa meM parivartita hote haiM vaha tama yA andhakAra hai| prakAza aura andhakAra donoM mUrtika haiN| inakA avarodha ho sakatA hai| prakAza patha meM saghana pudgaloM ke A jAne se andhakAra kI utpatti hotI hai ataeva ye donoM paudgalika haiN| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana tama ko sarvathA abhAva rUpa mAnatA hai, parantu netrendriya se usakA jJAna hotA hai, isalie use sarvathA abhAva rUpa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| 8. chAyA- kisI bhI vastu meM anya vastu kI AkRti ke aMkita ho jAne ko chAyA kahate haiN| yaha chAyA prakAza aura AvaraNa ke nimitta se hotI hai| jaba prakAza ko AvRta karane vAle zarIrAdika ke nimitta milate haiM taba chAyA par3atI hai| sUrya, dIpaka, bijalI Adi ke kAraNa Asa-pAsa ke pudgala skandha bhAsura rUpa dhAraNa kara prakAza skandha bana jAte haiM, jaba koI sthUla skandha isa prakAza skandha kI jitanI jagaha ko avaruddha rakhatA hai utane sthAna ke skandha kAlA rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiM, yahI chAyA hai| 9, 10: Atapa, udyota-uSNa prabhA vAle prakAza ko Atapa aura zIta prabhA vAle tathA AhlAdaka prakAza ko udyota kahate haiN| sUrya, agni Adi kA uSNa prakAza Atapa kahalAtA hai aura candra, maNi, khadyota (juganU) Adi kA ThaNDA prakAza udyota kahalAtA hai| vaise agni se ina donoM meM antara hai| agni svayaM uSNa hotI hai aura usakI prabhA bhI uSNa hotI hai; kintu Atapa aura udyota ke viSaya meM yaha bAta nahIM hai| Atapa mUla meM ThaNDA hotA hai, kevala usakI prabhA uSNa hotI hai aura udyota mUla meM bhI ThaNDA hotA hai aura usakI prabhA bhI ThaNDI hotI hai| ukta tama, chAyA, Atapa aura udyota pudgala dravya ke pariNamana vizeSa ke dvArA hI niSpanna huA karate haiM, ataeva ye bhI usI ke dharma haiN| na bhinna dravya haiM aura na bhinma dravya ke pariNAma haiN| zabda, bandha Adi ke samAna ye bhI pudgala hI haiM; kyoMki ukta sparza Adi sabhI guNa pudgaloM meM hI rahA karate haiM aura isalie pudgaloM ko rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparzavAn kahA gayA hai| rUpAdika pudgala ke lakSaNa haiN| ataeva zabda, bandha Adi ko bhI pudgala kA hI pariNAma kahA gayA hai; kintu jaisA Upara kahA jA cukA hai nyAya-vaizeSika zabda ko AkAza kA guNa, vedAntI brahma kA vivarta aura kucha loga vijJAna kA pariNAma mAnate hai; kintu yaha mAnyatA yukti, nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 43 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #46
Agama aura anubhava se siddha nahIM hotii| jainadarzana ke anusAra zabda mUrtika hai| yadi vaha AkAza kA guNa hotA to guNI AkAza kI hI taraha amUrtika eka, nitya aura vyApaka hotA aura mUrta karNendriya ke dvArA usakA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA thaa| kyoMki amUrtika ko mUrtika indriya kaise jAna sakatI hai? isI prakAra vaha zabda dIvAla Adi mUrtika padArthoM ke dvArA bhI nahIM ruka sakatA / Aja vijJAna se bhI siddha kiyA jA cukA hai ki zabda kI gati icchAnusAra cAhe jidhara ko jA sakatI hai aura AvazyakatA athavA nimitta ke anusAra usako roka kara bhI rakhA jA sakatA hai| jaise ki grAmophona kI cUr3I meM cAhe jaisA zabda roka kara rakhA jA sakatA hai aura usako cAhe jaba vyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| TelIgrAma vAyaralesa - betAra ke tAra dvArA icchita dizA aura sthAna kI tarapha usakI gati kI jA sakatI hai| isa prakAra vijJAna, yukti, Agama aura anubhava se siddha hotA hai ki zabda amUrtika AkAza kA guNa nahIM, kintu mUrtika pudgala kA hI pariNAma hai| isI prakAra bandha Adi bhI sabhI pudgala ke hI pariNAma haiN| pudgala ke kArya - zarIra, vacana, mana aura prANApAna (zvAsocchvAsa) ye pudgala dravya ke kArya yA upakAra haiN|2 sAMsArika jIvana sambandhI samagra vyavahAra pudgala dravyAzrita hai / vastrAdi bhogopabhoga sAmagrI kA hamAre dainika jIvana meM nirantara upayoga hotA rahatA hai, inake atirikta aura bhI aneka agaNita kArya haiM jina para hamArA jIvana tathA samasta saMsAra nirbhara hai| ina sabhI para vicAra kiyA jAe to sabhI paudgalika hI haiM, isalie jainadarzana meM ye pudgala dravya ke kArya yA upakAra kahe gaye haiN| mohavaza bhramita hokara jIva inase sambandhita hotA hai / 2-3 dharma dravya aura adharma dravya jainadarzana dvArA mAnya jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina chaha dravyoM meM se jIva, AkAza aura kAla ina tIna ko to vedAnta, nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhyayoga Adi sabhI jainetara Astika darzanoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| pudgala tattva ko bhI ye sabhI darzana prakRti, paramANu Adi ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM, kintu dharma aura adharma dravya ko koI bhI darzana nahIM maantaa| kevala jainadarzana hI inheM dravya rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai| dharma aura adharma dravya meM dharma tathA adharma zabda se puNya-pApa ko yA zubhAzubha karma ko athavA nyAya-vaizeSikAdi darzanoM ke dvArA mAne hue guNa vizeSa ko nahIM samajhanA cAhie, kintu ye donoM jainadarzana ke pAribhASika zabda haiM, jo dravyavAcaka haiM, guNavAcaka nahIM hai| puNya-pApa AtmA ke pariNAma vizeSa haiM yA karma ke bheda haiM 44 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #47
aura dharma tathA adharma zabda do acetana dravyoM ke vAcaka haiN| ye donoM hI amUrtika, akhaNDa, adRzya aura acetana dravya haiM, jo tila meM tela kI taraha samasta loka meM vyApta haiM, loka ke kaNa-kaNa meM bhare hue haiN| ye donoM bhI jIva aura pudgala kI hI taraha do svatantra dravya haiM, jinakA kArya hai - jIva aura pudgaloM ke calane aura Thaharane meM sahAyaka honA / ukta chaH dravyoM meM se dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ye cAra dravya to niSkriya haiM, inameM halana calana kriyA nahIM hotI hai| zeSa jIva aura pudgala ye do dravya aneka aura sakriya haiN| jainadarzana vedAnta kI taraha Atma- dravya ko eka vyakti rUpa nahIM mAnatA aura sAMkhya, nyAya-vaizeSika Adi sabhI vaidika darzanoM kI taraha use niSkriya bhI nahIM maantaa| yahA~ niSkriyatva se gati-kriyA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, kriyA mAtra kA nhiiN| jainadarzana ke anusAra niSkriya dravya kA artha 'gatizUnya dravya' itanA hI hai| gatizUnya dharma aura adharma dravya meM bhI sadRza pariNamana rUpa kriyA jainadarzana mAnatA hI hai| ina donoM meM bhI utpAda - vyaya - dhrauvyAtmakatA arthAt paryAyapariNamanatA pAI jAtI hai| jIva aura pudgala dravya gatimAn haiM aura sthitimAn bhii| yaha gati aura sthiti-zIlatA anya dravyoM meM nahIM pAI jAtI hai| jisa samaya ye gamana rUpa kriyA meM pariNata hote haiM usa samaya inake isa pariNamana meM bAhya nimitta kAraNa dharmadravya huA karatA hai| jaise - jala calatI huI machalI ke calane meM sahAyaka hotA hai / usI prakAra jo calate hue jIva aura pudgaloM ko calane meM sahAyatA karatA hai vaha dharmadravya hai; kintu jaise jala ThaharI huI machalI ko calane ke lie prerita nahIM karatA usI prakAra dharmadravya bhI Thahare hue jIva aura pudgaloM ko balAt nahIM claataa| yaha dharmadravya rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza aura zabda se rahita hai ataeva amUrta, samasta lokAkAza meM vyApta, akhaNDa, vistRta aura asaMkhyAta pradezI hai / jaise - jala svayaM gamana na karatA huA tathA dUsaroM ko gatirUpa pariNamAne meM preraka na hotA huA apane Apa gamana rUpa pariNamate hue matsyAdika jalacara jIvoM ke gamana karane meM udAsIna sahakArI kAraNa mAtra hai, usI prakAra dharmadravya bhI svayaM gamana na karatA huA tathA para ko gatirUpa pariNamAne meM preraka na hotA huA, svayameva gatirUpa pariNamate hue * jIva aura pudgaloM ke gamana karane meM udAsIna, avinAbhUta sahakArI kAraNa mAtra hai 185 isa prakAra dharmadravya ko gati kA mAdhyama kaha sakate haiN| isI prakAra ye jIva aura pudgala jisa samaya sthita hote haiM, usa samaya inakI sthiti meM adharmadravya bAhya sahAyaka huA karatA hai| jaise - chAyA Thaharate hue pathika janoM ke Thaharane meM sahAyaka hotI hai usI prakAra jo Thaharate hue jIva aura pudgaloM nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 45 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #48
ke Thaharane meM sahAyaka hotA hai vaha adharmadravya hai, kintu vaha adharmadravya gamana karate hue jIva aura pudgaloM ko ThaharAtA nahIM hai| jisa prakAra dharmadravya gati-sahakArI . hai usI prakAra adharmadravya sthiti-sahakArI hai| jaise-pRthvI svayaM pahale se hI sthiti rUpa hai tathA para kI sthiti meM preraka nahIM hai| kintu svayaM sthiti rUpa pariNamate hue azvAdikoM kA udAsIna, avinAbhUta sahakArI kAraNa bhAva hai, usI prakAra adharma-dravya bhI svayaM pahale se hI sthitirUpa para ke sthiti pariNamana meM preraka na / hotA huA svayameva sthitirUpa pariNamate hue jIva aura pudgaloM kA udAsIna avinAbhUta sahakArI kAraNa mAtra hai|" isa adharmadravya ko sthiti kA mAdhyama kaha sakate haiN| ye donoM hI dravya udAsIna kAraNa haiM na ki prerk| preraNA karake balAt kisI bhI dravya ko ye na to calAte hai aura na ThaharAte haiM, kintu calate hue ko calane meM aura Thaharate hue ko Thaharane meM madada karate haiN| yadi ye prerakaM kAraNa hote to bar3I gar3abar3a ho jaatii| na to koI padArtha gamana hI kara sakatA thA, na Thahara hI sakatA thA, kyoMki jaba dharmadravya yadi gamana karane ke lie prerita karatA to usI samaya usakA pratipakSI adharmadravya unhIM padArthoM ko Thaharane ke lie prerita karatA, kyoMki jainadarzana ke anusAra dharmadravya aura adharmadravya sarvatra evaM sarvadA samasta lokAkAza meM vidyamAna rahate haiN| ataeva jaba dharmadravya calane meM sahAyaka hogA taba adharmadravya usameM bAdhaka hogA tathA jaba adharmadravya Thaharane meM sahAyaka hogA to usI samaya dharmadravya bAdhaka ho jaaegaa| athavA jo cala rahe haiM ve calate hI raheMge aura jo Thahare haiM ve Thahare hI raheMge, kintu jo calate haiM ve Thaharate bhI haiN| ataH jIva aura pudgala svayaM hI calate haiM aura svayaM hI Thaharate haiN| dharma aura adharmadravya kevala usameM sahAyaka mAtra haiM yA udAsIna kAraNa haiN| jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai sAMkhya-yoga, nyAya vaizeSika Adi darzana AkAza aura kAla dravya ko to mAnate haiM, kintu dharma aura adharma dravya ko nahIM mAnate haiM, para isase ina donoM ke astitva ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki lokAloka kA vibhAga aura gati-sthiti kI sAdhAraNa kAraNatA, ina do bAtoM se inakA astitva jAnA jAtA hai aura isI se ina donoM kI upayogitA aura AvazyakatA siddha hotI hai| loka meM jIva aura pudgala ye do padArtha gatizIla bhI hai aura sthitizIla bhii| inake atirikta zeSa saba padArtha niSkriya hone se sthitizIla nahIM haiM, kintu yahA~ para gatipUrvaka hone vAlI sthiti aura sthitipUrvaka hone vAlI gati vivakSita hai, jo jIva aura pudgala ina do ke sivAya anyatra nahIM pAyI jaatii| yadyapi jIva 46 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #49
aura pudgala ye donoM dravya svayaM gamana karate haiM aura svayaM sthita bhI hote haiM isalie ye inake pariNAma haiN| arthAt gatikriyA aura sthiti kriyA ye jIva aura pudgala ko chor3akara anyatra nahIM hotI, isalie ye jIva aura pudgala hI ina donoM kriyAoM ke upAdAna kAraNa haiM aura dharma tathA adharmadravya nimitta kAraNa haiM / jo kAraNa svayaM kAryarUpa pariNama jAtA hai vaha upAdAna kAraNa kahalAtA hai, kintu aisA niyama hai ki pratyeka kArya upAdAna kAraNa aura nimitta kAraNa ina do ke mela se hotA hai, kevala eka kAraNa se kArya kI utpatti nahIM hotii| chAtra subodha hai para adhyApaka yA pustaka kA nimitta na mile to vaha par3ha nahIM sakatA / yahA~ upAdAna hai kintu nimitta nahIM, isalie kArya nahIM huaa| chAtra ko adhyApaka yA pustaka kA nimitta mila rahA hai para vaha mandabuddhi hai, isalie bhI vaha par3ha nahIM sakatA, yahA~ nimitta hai, kintu upAdAna nahIM, isalie kArya nahIM huaa| isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki gati aura sthiti kA koI nimitta kAraNa honA cAhie, kyoMki nimitta ke binA kevala upAdAna se kArya kI utpatti nahIM hotii| isI AvazyakatA kI pUrti ke lie jainadarzana meM dharma aura adharma dravya mAne gaye haiN| dharmadravya kA kArya gamana meM sahAyatA karanA hai aura adharma dravya kA kArya Thaharane meM sahAyatA karanA hai / ina donoM ke astitva ko siddha karane ke lie dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jar3a aura cetana dravya jo dRzyAdRzya vizva ke khAsa aMga haiM, unakI gatizIlatA to anubhava siddha hai| agara koI niyAmaka tattva na ho to ve dravya apanI sahaja gatizIlatA ke kAraNa ananta AkAza meM kahIM bhI cale jA sakate haiN| yadi ve sacamuca ananta AkAza meM cale hI jAe~ to isa dRzyAdRzya vizva kA niyata saMsthAna jo sadA sAmAnya rUpa se ekasA dRSTigocara hotA hai, vaha kisI bhI taraha ghaTa nahIM sakegA, kyoMki ananta pudgala aura ananta jIva bhI ananta parimANa vistRta AkAza kSetra meM berokaToka saMcarita hone se aise pRthak ho jAe~ge, jinakA asambhava nahIM to duH sambhava avazya ho jaaegaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki gatizIla ukta dravyoM kI gatimaryAdA ko niyantrita karane vAle tattva ko jainadarzana svIkAra karatA hai aura vahI tattva dharmadravya kahalAtA hai / gatimaryAdA ke niyAmaka rUpa se ukta dharmadravya ko svIkAra kara lene para sthiti maryAdA ke niyAmaka rUpa se adharma dravya ko bhI jainadarzana svIkAra kara hI letA hai / yadi yaha kahA jAya ki AkAza dravya sarvatra hai, ataH gati aura sthiti ina donoM kA nimitta kAraNa AkAza ko hI mAna liyA jAe, parantu AkAza kA kArya jIva- pudgaloM yA jagat ke jar3a-cetana padArthoM ko avakAza - sthAna denA hai na ki gati aura sthiti meM nimitta honA / isalie AkAza ko gati aura sthiti meM nimitta nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 47 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #50
nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki pUrva, pazcima Adi vyavahAra jo digdravya-dizA kA kArya vaizeSika Adi darzanoM dvArA mAnA jAtA hai, usakI upapatti AkAza ke dvArA . ho sakane ke kAraNa digdravya ko AkAza se alaga mAnane kI jarUrata nahIM, para dharma, adharma dravyoM kA kArya AkAza se siddha nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki AkAza ko gati aura sthiti kA niyAmaka mAnane se vaha ananta aura akhaNDa hone ke kAraNa jar3a tathA cetana dravyoM ko apane meM sarvatra gati va sthiti karane se roka nahIM sakatA aura aisA hone se niyata dRzyAdRzya vizva ke saMsthAna kI anupapatti banI hI rhegii| isIlie dharma, adharmadravyoM ko AkAza se alaga svatantra dravya mAnanA nyAya-saMgata hai| jaba jar3a aura cetana gatizIla haiM taba maryAdita AkAza kSetra meM unakI gati aura sthiti niyAmaka ke binA hI apane svabhAva se nahIM mAnI jA sakatI, isalie dharma, adharmadravyoM kA astitva yukti-siddha hai| 4. AkAzadravya jo jIvAdi dravyoM ko avakAza (sthAna) pradAna karatA hai vaha AkAza dravya hai| 'AkAza' zabda kI vyutpattiyA~ bhI isa hI paribhASA ke AdhAra para kI gayI haiN| jisameM samasta dravya avakAza ko prApta hoM athavA jo svayaM avakAza rUpa ho athavA jo saba dravyoM ko avakAza (sthAna) detA hai athavA jisameM jIvAdi dravya apanIapanI paryAyoM se abhinna rUpa se AkAzita yA prakAzita hote hoN| athavA jo cAroM ora se sarvatra loka aura aloka meM rahatA hai, vaha AkAza hai|" yaha AkAza sarvavyApI, akhaNDa, amUrtika, adRzya, arUpI, niSkriya aura eka hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki AkAza vaha amUrta dravya hai jisameM sabhI dravya sthAna pAte haiM, ye sabhI AkAza meM hI sthita haiN| ye eka dUsare meM vyApta haiN| arthAt paraspara eka dUsare meM samAveza karane vAle haiN| AkAza dravya kA kArya-isa dravya kA mukhya kArya saba padArthoM ko sthAna denA hai| avakAzadAna isakA asAdhAraNa guNa hai| jIva va samasta bhautika padArtha isa AkAza dravya meM avagAhanA (sthAna) pAye hue haiN| avagAha karane vAle yA sthAna pAne vAle jIvAdi dravya haiM, inako avagAha (sthAna) denA AkAza kA kArya hai| jIvAdi dravya kahIM-na-kahIM sthita haiM arthAt Adheya bananA yA avakAzalAbha karanA inakA kArya hai, para apane meM avakAza denA yaha AkAza kA kArya hai| isI se 'avagAha pradAna' yaha AkAza kA lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai| yaha AkAza jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura kAladravyoM ke avagAhana meM hetupane ko prApta hotA hai| arthAt unheM 48 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #51
avagAhana meM sahAyatA karatA hai| yadyapi sabhI sUkSma dravya paraspara eka dUsare ko avakAza dete haiM, parantu AkAza dravya kA kArya samasta dravyoM ko eka sAtha sthAna denA hai| AkAza ke bheda-jainadarzana ke anusAra AkAza ke do vibhAga kiye gaye haiM-(1) lokAkAza aura (2) alokaakaash| AkAza ke jitane bhAga meM jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura kAla, ye pA~ca dravya pAye jAte haiM vaha lokAkAza kahalAtA hai aura jahA~ kevala ananta AkAza hI hai, vaha alokAkAza hai| lokAkAza' zabda kI vyutpatti bhI isI AdhAra para kI gayI hai-jisameM dharmAdidravya dekhe jAte haiM, pAye jAte haiM, vaha loka hai aura loka sambandhI AkAza lokAkAza hai| 'loka' zabda luk dhAtu se adhikaraNa artha meM ghaJ' pratyaya karane para banatA hai|" alokAkAza meM koI dravya nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| kevala AkAza dravya hI pAyA jAtA hai| lokAkAza sImAsahita hai aura alokAkAza siimaa-rhit| dharma dravya nAma kA dravya loka se bAhara nahIM pAyA jAtA, isalie loka ke bAhara jIva aura pudgala dravya nahIM jA sakate aura isa apekSA se loka kI eka sImA ba~dha jAtI hai| loka se bAhara alokAkAza meM ananta AkAza hI AkAza hai, jahA~ AkAza ke atirikta aura koI dravya nahIM pAyA jaataa| usameM anya kisI dravya kA astitva nahIM hai aura na ho sakatA hai; kyoMki vahA~ gamanAgamana ke sAdhanabhUta dharma dravya kA abhAva hai| isI viSaya kA vivecana karate hue AcArya kundakunda ne bhI kahA hai-'jIva, pudgala dharma aura adharma dravya loka se bAhara nahIM haiM aura AkAza usa loka ke andara bhI hai . aura bAhara bhI, kyoMki usakA anta nahIM hai| yadi anya dArzanikoM dvArA yaha kahA jAya ki jIva aura pudgaloM ke gamana aura sthiti ke lie dharma aura adharma dravya ko alaga se mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, isa AkAza dravya ko hI unake gamana aura sthiti meM kAraNa mAna liyA jAe to jainAcArya una jainetara dArzanikoM ke isa kathana se sahamata nahIM haiM, kyoMki yadi AkAza ko avagAha ke sAtha-sAtha gamana aura sthiti kA bhI kAraNa mAna liyA jAe to Urdhvagamana karane vAle mukta jIva mokSasthAna meM kaise Thahara sakeMge?" cU~ki bhagavAn jinendra ne mukta jIvoM kA sthAna UparI loka ke agrabhAga meM batalAyA hai, isalie . AkAMza gamana aura sthiti kA kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA tathA yadi AkAza ko jIva aura pudgaloM ke gamana aura sthiti meM bhI kAraNa mAnA jAe to aisA mAnane se loka kI antima maryAdA bar3hatI hai aura alokAkAza kI hAni prApta hotI hai, kyoMki phira to jIva aura pudgala gamana karate hue Age bar3hate hI jAe~ge aura jyoMjyoM ve Age bar3hate jAe~ge tyoM-tyoM loka bhI bar3hatA jAegA aura aloka ghaTatA nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 49 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #52
jaaegaa| 101 ata: dharma aura adharma dravya hI gamana aura sthiti meM kAraNa haiM, AkAza nahIM, isa prakAra bhagavAn jinendra ne bhavya zrotAoM ko loka kA svabhAva batalAyA hai 1 102 ukta kathana kA yahI niSkarSa hai ki lokAkAza meM jIva aura pudgaloM ke gamana ke lie dharmadravya, sthiti ke lie adharmadravya tathA avagAhana ke lie AkAza dravya ko hI pRthak aura svatantra rUpa se mAnanA hogaa| akelA AkAza dravya tInoM kArya nahIM kara sktaa| aisA mAnane para hI loka kI maryAdA aura sthiti sambhava hai| vaizeSika darzana AkAza kA lakSaNa zabda mAnatA hai / 102 isa viSaya nyAya darzana kA kahanA hai ki zabda eka guNa hai, guNa hI nahIM vizeSa guNa hai| pratyeka guNa kisI dravya meM rahatA hai, koI bhI guNa aisA nahIM hai jisakA Azraya koI dravya na ho, taba zabda kA Azraya bhI koI dravya honA caahie| ataH zabda kA AzrayabhUta dravya AkAza hai| isake anusAra hI AkAza kA lakSaNa 'zabda' kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta avakAzadAna se bhI AkAza kI siddhi hotI hai| AkAza na ho to sabhI mUrta dravya sampiNDita avasthA meM eka ho jAe~ge aura praveza, niSkramaNa Adi kriyAe~ bhI asambhava ho jaaeNgii| AkAza eka, vibhu (vyApaka) aura nitya hai, 103 kintu jainadarzana zabda ko AkAza kA lakSaNa yA guNa na mAnakara pudgala dravya kI paryAya mAnatA hai| jaisA ki pudgaladravya ke kathana meM Upara vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai| hA~, AkAza ko eka, vyApaka aura nitya dravya avazya mAnA hai| sAMkhyadarzana prakRti yA pradhAna ke vikAra ko AkAza kahatA hai, 104 kintu jainadarzana ke anusAra AkAza ko prakRti yA pradhAna kA vikAra bhI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki eka hI prakRti ke ghaTa, paTa, pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, AkAza Adi vikAra sambhava nahIM haiN| mUrtika- amUrtika, rUpI - arUpI, vyApaka avyApaka evaM sakriya - niSkriya Adi rUpa se viruddha dharma vAle eka hI prakRti ke vikAra sambhava nahIM ho sakate haiN| isI prakAra vaizeSikadarzana pUrva, pazcima Adi vyavahAra kA kAraNa digdravya ko bhI eka svatantra dravya mAnatA hai;104 kintu jainadarzana dvArA usakA antarbhAva isa AkAza dravya meM kara liyA gayA hai| isa kAraNa yadi dizA ko eka svatantra dravya mAnA jAe to pUrvadeza, pazcimadeza, uttaradeza Adi vyavahAroM se eka 'dezadravya' kI sattA bhI svatantra rUpa se svIkAra karanI hogI / 50 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #53
5. kAladravya svayaM parivartita hote hue jIvAdi dravyoM ke parivartana meM jo sahAyaka kAraNa hotA hai vaha kAladravya hai / athavA vartanA lakSaNa vAlA kAladravya hai / 105 sampUrNa dravyoM kA yaha svabhAva hai ki ve apane-apane svabhAva meM sadA hI varte, parantu unakA yaha vartanA kisI na kisI bAhya sahakArI kAraNa ke hone para hotA hai, isalie inako vartAne vAlA sahakArI kAraNa rUpa vartanA guNa jisameM pAyA jAe use kAla kahate haiN| isI AdhAra para 'kAla' zabda kI vyutpatti kI gayI hai - jo dravyoM ko vartAtA hai athavA samayAdi paryAyoM ke dvArA jo jAnA jAe, jisakA nizcaya kiyA jAe, saMkhyA kI jAe, nirNaya kiyA jAe vaha kAla hai| 106 kAla ke sahayoga se hI samasta dravya vartate haiN|107 tAtparya yaha hai ki pratyeka dravya meM pratisamaya apanI vividha paryAyoM ke dvArA utpAda-vyaya hotA hai / yaha utpAda - vyaya akAraNa to ho nahIM sktaa| jaise--jIva aura pudgaloM kI gati meM dharmadravya sahayogI kAraNa hai aura gatipUrvaka hone vAlI sthiti meM adharmadravya sahayogI kAraNa hai, vaise hI pratyeka dravya kI pratisamaya jo nayI-nayI paryAya utpanna hotI haiM, ve akAraNa nahIM ho sakatIM, unakA bhI koI sahayogI kAraNa honA cAhie / yahA~ jo bhI sahayogI kAraNa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai vahI kAla dravya hai / yaha kAla dravya pariNAmI hone se dUsare dravya rUpa pariNata ho jAe yaha bAta nahIM hai / vaha na to svayaM dUsare dravya rUpa pariNata hotA hai aura na dUsare dravyoM ko apane svarUpa athavA bhinna dravyasvarUpa pariNamAtA hai, kintu apane svabhAva se hI apane-apane yogya paryAyoM se pariNata hone vAle dravyoM ke pariNamana meM kAla dravya udAsInatA se svayaM bAhya sahakArI ho jAtA hai|108 yadyapi pariNamana karane kI zakti sabhI padArthoM meM hai, kintu bAhyanimitta ke binA usa zakti kI vyakti nahIM ho sktii| jaise kumbhakAra ke cAka meM ghUmane kI zakti svayaM vidyamAna hai, kintu kIla kA sahArA pAye binA vaha ghUma nahIM sakatA, vaise hI saMsAra ke padArtha bhI kAladravya kI sahAyatA ke binA parivartana nahIM karate / 'ata: kAla dravya unake parivartana meM sahAyaka hai; kintu vaha bhI vastuoM kA balAt pariNamana nahIM karAtA hai, kintu svayaM pariNamana karate hue dravyoM kA sahAyaka mAtra ho jAtA hai| kAladravya ke bheda 109 - kAladravya ke do bheda haiM- 1. vyavahAra kAla, 2. nizcayakAla / (1) vyavahAra kAla - jo dravya - parirvatana rUpa hai aura pariNAma, kriyA, paratva aparatva se jAnA jAtA hai, vaha vyavahAra kAla hai / nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 51 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #54
(2) nizcaya kAla-vartanA jisakA lakSaNa hai vaha nizcayakAla kahalAtA hai| lokAkAza ke pratyeka pradeza para ratnoM kI rAzi kI taraha jude jude jo kAla ke aNu sthita haiM, una kAlANuoM ko nizcaya kAla kahate haiM aura ve kAlANu asaMkhyAta dravya haiN|10 cU~ki lokAkAza ke pradeza asaMkhyAta haiM aura eka-eka pradeza para eka-eka kAlANu sthita hai, ata: ve kAlANu asaMkhyAta dravya haiN| arthAt jitane lokAkAza ke pradeza haiM utane hI kAla dravya haiN| kAla dravya kAlANu hI haiM una kAlANuoM ke nimitta se hI saMsAra meM pratikSaNa parivartana hotA rahatA hai| unhIM ke nimitta se pratyeka vastu kA astitva kAyama hai| ___ vaha kAla dravya ananta samaya vAlA hai|' yadyapi vartamAna kAla eka samaya mAtra hI hai tathApi bhUta-bhaviSyat kI apekSA ananta samaya vAlA hai| jaisA vartamAna samaya hai aise hI atIta ananta samaya ho gaye haiM aura Age ananta samaya hoNge| 'samaya' kAla dravya kI eka paryAya hai| atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna saba milAkara ve ananta hotI haiM, isalie kAla dravya ananta samaya vAlA kahA gayA hai| kAla dravya ke sabase choTe hisse ko 'samaya' kahate haiN| manda-gati se calane vAlA pudgala kA eka paramANu AkAza ke eka pradeza se dUsare pradeza para jitane kAla meM pahu~catA hai utanA kAla eka samaya hai| ina samayoM ke samUha ko hI Avali, ghar3I, ghaMTA, dina-rAta Adi kahA jAtA hai aura yaha saba vyavahAra kAla hai| vyavahArakAla nizcaya kAla dravya kI paryAya hai| yaha vyavahArakAla saura maNDala kI gati aura ghar3I-ghaNTA vagairaha ke dvArA jAnA jAtA hai tathA isake dvArA hI nizyacakAla arthAt kAla dravya ke astitva kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| yaha kAladravya apanI dravyAtmaka sattA rakhatA hai aura vaha dharma, adharma dravyoM ke samAna samasta lokAkAza meM sthita hai tathA yaha bhI anya dravyoM ke samAna utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya lakSaNa se yukta hai| rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza Adi se rahita hone ke kAraNa AkAza kI taraha hI amUrtika aura adRzya hai| yaha dharma aura adharma dravya ke samAna lokAkAza vyApI eka dravya nahIM hai aura na hI AkAza ke samAna eka akhaNDa dravya hai, kintu pratyeka lokAkAza ke pradeza para eka-eka kAlANu ke sthita rahane ke kAraNa aneka hai| isa kAladravya ke kAraNa hI vastu meM paryAya-parivartana hotA hai| kAladravya ke upakAra yA kArya-vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA, paratva aura aparatva ye kAla dravya ke upakAra yA kArya haiN|112 (1) vartanA-jo dravyoM ko vartAve use vartanA kahate haiN| athavA pratyeka dravya ke eka-eka samayavartI pariNamana meM jo svasattA kI anubhUti hotI hai use vartanA 52 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #55
kahate haiN|13 yadyapi sabhI padArtha apane-apane svabhAva ke anusAra varta rahe haiM aura sadA vartate haiM, kintu inako vartAne vAlA kAla dravya hai|14 kAla kI yaha prayojaka zakti hI vartanA hai|115 'vartanA' zabda Nijanta meM vRti' dhAtu se karma yA bhAva meM yuT pratyaya karane para strIliMga meM banatA hai| isakI vyutpatti vartyate' yA 'vartanamAtram' hai| jisa prakAra dharmAdika dravya gati Adi meM udAsIna kAraNa mAne gaye haiN| usI prakAra kAladravya bhI dravyoM kI vartanA meM udAsIna prayojaka hai| padArthoM ke vartana meM yaha bAhya nimitta kAraNa hai| yadi isako kAraNa na mAnA jAegA to bar3I gar3abar3a upasthita ho jAegI, haraeka padArtha ke krama-bhAvI pariNamana yugapat upasthita hone lgeNge| niSkarSa yaha hai ki jagat ke jitane padArtha haiM ve svayaM vartanazIla haiN| parivartita hote rahanA unakA svabhAva hai| aisA eka bhI padArtha nahIM hai jo utpAda-vyayadhrauvyAtmaka na ho| isaprakAra yadyapi pratyeka vastu kI vartanazIlatA usake svabhAvagata hai para yaha kArya binA nimitta ke nahIM hotA, isalie isake nimitta rUpa se kAladravya ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki 'vartanA' kAladravya kA lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai| ataH kAladravya ke nimitta se hone vAle parivartana kA nAma vartanA hai| vartanA se hI kAladravya kA astitva siddha hotA hai| isa viSaya meM eka lokaprasiddha udAharaNa prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai-bhAta banAne ke lie cAvaloM ko pAnI yukta baTaloI meM DAla dIjie aura use cUlhe kI agni para rakhane ke kucha samaya bAda bhAta (cAvala) banakara taiyAra ho jAtA hai| cAvaloM se jo bhAta banA vaha eka samaya meM aura eka sAtha hI nahIM banA, kintu cAvaloM meM pratyeka samaya sUkSma pariNamana hotehote anta meM sthUla pariNamana dRSTigocara hotA hai| yadi pratisamaya sUkSma pariNamana .. na hotA to sthUla pariNamana bhI nahIM ho sakatA thaa| ataH cAvaloM meM jo pratisamaya parivartana huA vaha kAla rUpa bAhya kAraNa kI apekSA se hI huA hai| isI prakAra saba padArthoM meM pariNamana kAladravya ke kAraNa hI hotA hai| kAla dravya niSkriya hokara bhI nimitta mAtra se saba dravyoM kI vartanA meM hetu hotA hai| ... (2) pariNAma-eka paryAya kI nivRtti hokara dUsare paryAya kI utpatti hone kA nAma pariNAma hai| jIva kA pariNAma jJAnAdi hai, pudgala kA pariNAma varNAdi hai, dharma, adharma aura AkAza dravya kA pariNAma agurulaghu guNoM kI vRddhi aura hAni hai| . (3) kriyA-halana-calana rUpa pariNati ko kriyA kahate haiN| kriyA ke do bheda haiM-prAyogikI aura vaissikii|" hala, mUsala, zakaTa Adi meM jo kriyA hotI hai vaha dUsaroM ke dvArA hotI hai| isako prAyogikI kriyA kahate haiN| megha Adi meM kriyA svabhAva se hotI hai, ise vaisasikI kriyA kahate haiN| nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 53 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #56
(4) paratvAparatva - choTe aura bar3e ke vyavahAra ko paratvAparatva kahate haiM / 25 varSa ke manuSya ko bar3A aura 20 varSa ke manuSya ko usakI apekSA se choTA kahate I isa prakAra ye vartanAdi kAladravya ke upakAra yA kArya haiM, asAdhAraNa lakSaNa haiM, kyoMki yadi kAladravya na ho to dravyoM kA vartana hI nahIM ho sakatA aura na unakA pariNamana ho sakatA, na gati ho sakatI aura na paratvAparatva kA vyavahAra hI bana sakatA hai| ye saba kAla dravya kI sahAyatA se hote haiN| isalie inheM dekhakara hI amUrtika kAladravya kA astitva siddha hotA hai / isa kAladravya ko nyAya-vaizeSika Adi darzanoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| unake anusAra jaise AkAza pratyakSa-gocara nahIM hai vaise hI kAla bhI kisI ke pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM hai, kintu eka vyAvahArika padArtha avazya hai| kAladravya kA nirUpaNa karate hue ve kahate haiM ki atIta, anAgata evaM vartamAna Adi vyavahAra kA hetu kAla hai aura vaha bhI AkAza ke samAna hI eka nitya tathA vyApaka hai| 18 nayA purAnA, jyeSTha-kaniSTha, yugapat-ayugapat, vilambatA - zIghratA, aba- jaba, kaba-taba Adi vyavahAra kAla ke binA nahIM ho skte| vaha upAdhi bheda se kSaNa - muhUrta, ghar3I-ghaMTA, rAta-dina, pakSa- mAsa Adi aneka rUpa se vyavahAra meM AtA hai / sAMkhyadarzana kAla nAma kA koI tattva nahIM mAnatA, kintu yogadarzana yogasUtra vyAsabhASya meM 'kSaNastu vastu patitaH' kahakara kSaNarUpa kAla kI sattA mAnatA hai| muhUrta, ahorAtra rUpa kAla ko kevala vikalpa mAtra mAnatA hai| usake anusAra kSaNa rUpa kAla hI vAstavika vastu hai / isI ko kAla - tattvavettA yogijana kAla nAma se pukArate haiN| kintu ukta sabhI darzanoM kI mAnyatAyeM kevala vyavahAra kAla taka hI sImita haiN| ve jaina darzana mAnya kevala vyavahAra kAlaM ko hI kAladravya mAnate haiN| nizcayakAla yA kAlANurUpa vastu ko ve nahIM jAnate / nizcaya kAladravya kI mAnyatA to kevala jainadarzana meM hI hai| ukta jIvAdi sabhI dravya nitya avasthita aura arUpI haiN| 19 ye dravya kabhI bhI apane svarUpa se naSTa nahIM hote haiM, isalie nitya haiN| inakI saMkhyA sadA 'chaH ' hI rahatI hai, ye kabhI bhI 'chaH ' isa saMkhyA kA ullaMghana nahIM karate athavA ye kabhI bhI apane-apane pradezoM ko nahIM chor3ate haiM isalie avasthita haiN| ina dravyoM meM nityatva aura avasthitatva dravyanaya kI apekSA se hai / inameM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza 54 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #57
nahIM pAye jAte haiN| isalie arUpI haiM, kintu pudgala dravya rUpI arthAt mUrtika hai| 20 yahA~ yadyapi pudgala dravya ko rUpI kahA gayA hai para rUpa ke sAhacarya se rasa, gandha tathA sparza kA bhI grahaNa ho jAtA hai| kyoMki jahA~ rUpa hai vahA~ rasa, gandha aura sparza avazya hoMge, jahA~ rasa hai vahA~ rUpa, gandha tathA sparza bhI avazya hoMge, jahA~ gandha haiM vahA~ rUpa, rasa tathA sparza bhI avazya hogA, isI prakAra jahA~ sparza hogA vahA~ rUpa, rasa aura gandha bhI avazya hogA / udAharaNArtha - Ama ke phala ko liyA jA sakatA hai| Ama kA pakA huA phala hai| isameM pIlA rUpa, mIThA rasa, sugandha tathA komala sparza ye cAroM guNa eka sAtha hI pAye jAte haiN| inameM dharma dravya, adharma dravya evaM AkAzadravya ye tIna dravya, jIva tathA pudgala kI taraha aneka bheda svarUpa na hokara eka-eka akhaNDa dravya haiN| 21 jIvadravya ananta haiM, pudgala dravya anantAnanta hai aura kAla dravya asaMkhyAta (aNu rUpa ) haiM / dharma, adharma aura AkAza ye dravya niSkriya bhI haiN| 22 eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna meM jAne ko kriyA kahate haiN| isa prakAra kI kriyA ina dravyoM meM nahIM pAyI jAtI hai isalie ye niSkriya haiM; kyoMki dharma tathA adharmadravya samasta lokAkAza meM tila meM tela kI taraha vyApta haiM evaM AkAza dravya bhI loka aura aloka donoM meM sarvatra vyApta hai, isalie anya kSetra kA abhAva hone se inameM kriyA hone kA koI prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| yahA~ yaha prazna upasthita ho sakatA hai ki yadi dharma Adi dravya niSkriya haiM to inakA utpAda nahIM bana sakatA, kyoMki utpAda kriyA-pUrvaka hI hotA hai / jaise-- ghaTAdika kA utpAda kriyA-pUrvaka hI dekhA jAtA hai / utpAda ke abhAva meM vinAza bhI sambhava nahIM haiN| ataH dharmAdi dravyoM ko utpAda - vyaya aura dhrauvya yukta kahanA ThIka nahIM hai arthAt inameM utpAda - vyaya - dhrauvya yukta dravya kA lakSaNa ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA aura aisI sthiti meM ye dravya nahIM kahalAe~ge / isa prazna kA sayuktika samAdhAna yaha hai ki yadyapi dharma Adi dravyoM meM kriyA-nimittaka utpAda nahIM hai phira bhI inameM dUsare prakAra kA utpAda pAyA jAtA hai / utpAda do prakAra kA hai, svanimittaka aura prprtyy| yaha donoM hI prakAra kA utpAda dharma Adi dravyoM meM hotA rahatA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra pratyeka dravya meM ananta agurulaghu guNa svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| ina guNoM meM chaha sthAna patita vRddhi aura hAni svabhAva se hI hotI rahatI hai| arthAt chaha prakAra kI vRddhi aura chaha prakAra kI hAni ke dvArA parivartana hotA rahatA hai / yahI svanimittaka utpAda aura vyaya hai| manuSya, pazu Adi kI gati, sthiti aura avakAza-dAna meM hetu hone ke kAraNa dharmAdi dravyoM nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 55 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #58
meM parapratyayApekSa utpAda aura vyaya bhI hotA rahatA hai, kyoMki kSaNa-kSaNa meM gati Adi ke viSaya bhinna-bhinna hote haiM aura viSaya bhinna hone se usake kAraNoM ko bhI bhinna honA caahie| punaH prazna upasthita hotA hai ki kriyAvAn jalAdi hI machalI Adi kI gati Adi meM nimitta hote haiM to phira niSkriya dharmAdi dravya jIvAdi kI gati Adi meM hetu kaise ho sakate haiM? isakA bhI samAdhAna hai ki ye dravya kevala jIvAdi kI gati Adi meM sahAyaka hote haiM, preraka nhiiN| jaise cakSu rUpa ke dekhane meM nimitta mAtra hotA hai, lekina jo nahIM dekhanA cAhatA hai yA jisakA mana vikSipta hai, usako dekhane kI preraNA, nahIM krtaa| isalie dharmAdi dravyoM kA niSkriyatva hone para bhI jIvAdi kI gati Adi meM hetu hone meM koI virodha nahIM hai| ukta chaH dravyoM meM se kAla dravya ko chor3akara zeSa pA~ca dravyoM ko 'paMcAstikAya' kahate haiN| jo dravya sattA rUpa hokara bahapradezI ho unheM 'astikAya' kahate haiN| ye pA~coM dravya sadA vidyamAna rahate haiM, isalie inheM 'asti' kahate haiM aura jaise kAya (zarIra) bahupradezI hotA hai usI prakAra kAladravya ko chor3akara zeSa pA~coM dravya bhI bahu pradezI hote haiN| isalie inheM 'kAya' kahate haiN| isa prakAra pA~coM dravyoM kI 'astikAya23 saMjJA hai| 'astikAya' meM do zabda haiM-'asti' aura 'kaay'| 'asti' kA artha hotA hai 'hai' jo astitva sUcaka hai aura 'kAya' zabda kA artha hotA hai 'zarIra' jaise zarIra bahupradezI hotA hai vaise hI kAla ke sivAya zeSa pA~ca dravya bhI bahupradezI haiM isalie inheM 'astikAya' kahate haiN| 'astikAya' kI vyutpatti bhI isI prakAra kI gayI hai- 'asti vidyate kAyaH bahupradezatvaM yatrAsau astikaayH'| kAla dravya asti (vidyamAna) to hai, kintu vaha eka pradezI hone se 'kAya' nahIM, ataeva use 'astikAya' nahIM kahateM; kyoMki usake kAlANu asaMkhya hone para bhI paraspara meM sadA abaddha rahate haiM, na to ve AkAza ke pradezoM kI taraha sadA se mile hue eka aura akhaNDa haiM aura na pudgala paramANuoM kI taraha kabhI milate aura kabhI bichur3ate hI haiM, isalie ve kAya nahIM kahe jaate| jaise-ratnoM kI rAzi hAra meM eka sAtha lagA dene para bhI pratyeka ratna alaga-alaga rahatA hai usI prakAra lokAkAza ke pratyeka pradeza para eka-eka kAlANu pRthak-pRthak hai| lokAkAza ke pradeza asaMkhyAta hone ke kAraNa kAladravya bhI asaMkhyAta dravya haiN| arthAt pratyeka kAlANu svatantra dravya hai, isalie vaha bahupradezI astikAya nahIM kahA 56 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #59
jAtA hai| 124 Upara 'pradeza' zabda kA prayoga aneka bAra huA hai, ata: usake viSaya meM spaSTa rUpa se jAna lenA Avazyaka hai AkAza ke jitane kSetra meM pudgala kA sabase choTA Tukar3A (paramANu) raha sake utane kSetra ko 'pradeza' kahate haiM / isa pradeza meM dharma aura adharma dravya ke eka-eka pradeza, kAla kA aNu aura pudgala ke saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta tathA ananta aNu bhI lohe meM Aga ke samAna ekakSetrAvagAhI hokara samA jAte haiN| isIlie 'pradeza' ko saba dravyoM ke aNuoM ko sthAna dene yogya kahA hai| 125 isa prakAra ke pradeza ukta pA~coM dravyoM meM pRthak-pRthak rUpa se anekoM pAye jAte haiM / isIlie ye bahupradezI haiM aura bahupradezI hone se 'astikAya' kahalAte haiN| inakA bahupradezatva isa prakAra hailokAkAza meM yadi krama-vAra eka-eka karake paramANuoM ko barAbara-barAbara saTAkara rakhA jAve to asaMkhyAta paramANu samA sakate haiM / ataH lokAkAza aura usameM vyApta dharma tathA adharma dravya asaMkhyAta pradezI kahe jAte haiM / isI prakAra zarIra parimANa eka jIvadravya bhI yadi zarIra se bAhara hokara phaile to samasta lokAkAza meM phaila sakatA hai- vyApta ho sakatA hai| lokAkAza meM asaMkhyAta pradeza hote haiM, isase jIva dravya bhI asaMkhyAta pradezI hai| dharma tathA adharma bhI samasta lokAkAza meM tila meM tela kI taraha vyApta haiM isase ye bhI asaMkhyAta pradezI haiN|126 AkAza ke ananta pradeza haiM / 127 kyoMki vaha lokAkAza ke bAhara bhI hai aura usakI koI sImA nahIM hai / parantu lokAkAza ke asaMkhyAta hI pradeza haiM / pudgala dravya ke saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta pradeza hote haiN|28 vaise pudgala kA paramANu to eka hI pradezI hai, kintu una paramANuoM ke samUha se jo skandha bana jAte haiM, ve saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta pradezI hote haiM, isa dRSTi se pudgala bhI bahupradezI hai / isa prakAra bahupradezI hone se pA~coM dravya 'astikAya' kahe jAte haiM, kintu kAla dravya ke aNu eka-eka alaga-alaga rahate haiM, ve milakara skandha rUpa nahIM hote, isa kAraNa vaha ekapradezI hai, kAyavAn (astikAya) nahIM hai|129 aba yahA~ yaha prazna ho sakatA hai - jaba lokAkAza ke asaMkhyAta hI pradeza usameM ananta aura anantAnanta pradeza vAle pudgala dravya tathA zeSa dravya kisa taraha raha sakate haiM ? isakA samAdhAna hai ki pudgala paramANuoM meM do taraha kA pariNamana hotA hai; eka sUkSma pariNamana aura dUsarA sthUla / jaba unameM sUkSma pariNamana hotA hai taba nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 57 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #60
lokAkAza ke eka pradeza meM bhI ananta pradeza vAlA pudgala skandha sthAna pA letA hai / isake sivAya samasta dravyoM meM eka dUsare ko avagAhana dene kI sAmarthya hai aura vaha sAmarthya vyAghAta se rahita hai, jisase alpakSetra meM hI samasta dravyoM ke rahane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hotI / jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai pudgala dravya ke saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta pradeza hote haiM, kintu pudgala paramANu ke do Adi pradeza nahIM hote haiN| 130 paramANu eka pradezI hI hotA hai| pudgala ke sabase choTe Tukar3e yA hisse kA nAma prmaannuhai| paramANu kA aura vibhAga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, ataH usake bheda yA pradeza nahIM ho sakate / paramANu se choTA aura AkAza se bar3A koI padArtha nahIM pAyA jAtA, isalie pradeza - bheda kI kalpanA sambhava na hone se use apradezI mAnA hai / yahA~ yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai ki pradeza aura paramANu meM kyA antara hai ? jabaki donoM eka svarUpa se pratIta hote haiM ? vaise dekhA jAya to koI antara nahIM hai, kevala vyavahAra kA antara hai / jo vibhakta hai yA ba~dha kara bichur3a sakatA hai, vahA~ 'paramANu' yA 'aNu' vyavahAra hotA hai aura jahA~ vibhAga to nahIM hai aura vibhAga ho bhI nahIM sakatA, kevala buddhi se vibhAga ko kalpanA kI jAtI haiM, vahA~ pradeza vyavahAra hotA hai / udAharaNArtha pudgala dravya ke paramANu alaga-alaga haiM yA alaga ho sakate haiM, isalie pudgala dravya meM mukhyatayA aNu vyavahAra dekhA jAtA hai, yahI bAta kAla dravya kI hai, usake aNu bhI alaga-alaga haiM, isalie vahA~ bhI aNu vyavahAra hotA hai, kintu zeSa dravyoM meM pradeza na to vibhakta haiM aura na hI vibhAga kiyA jA sakatA hai, kevala buddhi se vibhAga kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai, isalie vahA~ pradeza vyavahAra hotA hai| ina jIvAdi dravyoM kA avagAha lokAkAza meM hai / 31 lokAkAza AdhAra aura jIvAdi dravya Adhe haiN| lekina lokAkAza kA anya koI AdhAra nahIM hai, vaha apane hI AdhAra para (svapratiSTha) hai; kyoMki AkAza se adhika parimANa vAlA dUsarA koI dravya nahIM hai, jo AkAza kA AdhAra ho ske| ataH AkAza kisI kA Adheya nahIM ho sakatA / AkAza bhI vyavahAra naya kI apekSA dharmAdi samasta dravyoM kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| nizcaya dRSTi se to saba dravya svapratiSTha haiM / dharma aura adharma dravya samasta lokAkAza meM tila meM tela kI taraha vyApta haiN|132 isameM avagAhana zakti hone se paraspara meM vyAghAta nahIM hotA hai / vAstava meM loka aloka kA vibhAga ina donoM dravyoM ke kAraNa hI hai| jitane AkAza meM ye 58 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #61
donoM dravya pAye jAte haiM, vaha lokAkAza hai aura zeSa alokaakaash| pudgaladravya kA avagAha lokAkAza ke eka pradeza ko Adi lekara saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta pradezoM meM yathAyogya hotA hai|33 AkAza ke eka pradeza meM eka paramANu se lekara asaMkhyAta aura ananta paramANuoM ke skandha kA avagAha ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra AkAza ke do, tIna Adi pradezoM meM bhI pudgala dravya kA avagAha hotA hai| yahA~ yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki dharma, adharma dravya to amUrtika haiM isalie inake avagAha meM koI virodha nahIM hai, lekina ananta pradeza vAle mUrtika pudgala skandha kA asaMkhyAta pradezI lokAkAza meM avagAha kaise ho sakatA hai? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki sUkSma pariNamana aura avagAhana zakti hone se AkAza ke eka pradeza meM bhI ananta paramANu vAlA pudgala skandha raha sakatA hai| jaise-eka koThe meM aneka dIpakoM kA prakAza eka sAtha rahatA hai| isa viSaya meM Agama pramANa bhI hai-sUkSma-bAdara aura nAnA prakAra ke anantAnanta pudgala skandhoM se yaha loka ThasAThasa bharA hai| isa viSaya ko aura adhika spaSTa karane ke lie ruI kA dRSTAnta paryApta hai-jisa prakAra phailI huI ruI adhika kSetra ko gheratI hai, jabaki usakI gA~Tha bA~dhane para alpa kSetra meM A jAtI hai| jIvoM kA avagAha lokAkAza ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga se lekara samasta lokAkAza meM hai|35 lokAkAza ke asaMkhyAta bhAgoM meM se eka, do, tIna Adi bhAgoM meM eka jIva rahatA hai aura loka-pUraNa samudghAta ke samaya vahI jIva samasta lokAkAza meM vyApta ho jAtA hai| samudghAta kA matalaba hotA hai mUla zarIra ko na chor3akara taijasakArmaNa rUpa uttara deha ke sAtha-sAtha jIva pradezoM kA zarIra se bAhara niklnaa||36 yahA~ yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki yadi eka jIvadravya asaMkhyAta pradezI hai taba vaha loka ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM kaise raha sakatA hai ? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki dIpaka ke prakAza kI taraha pradezoM ke saMkoca aura vistAra ke dvArA jIva lokAkAza ke asaMkhyAtaveM Adi bhAgoM meM rahatA hai| jisa taraha dIpaka ko eka bar3e makAna meM yA khule maidAna meM rakha dene se usakA prakAza samasta makAna yA pUre maidAna meM phaila jAtA hai aura usI dIpaka ko eka choTe se ghar3e meM rakha dene se usakA prakAza usI meM saMkucita hokara raha jAtA hai| usI taraha jIva bhI anAdi kArmANa zarIra ke kAraNa jitanA choTA yA bar3A zarIra prApta karatA hai, usameM apane Atma-pradezoM ke saMkoca aura vistAra svabhAva ke kAraNa raha jAtA hai| laghu yA sUkSma zarIra meM Atma-pradezoM nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 59 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #62
kA saMkoca aura bar3e zarIra meM unhIM AtmapradezoM kA vistAra ho jAtA hai lekina jIva vahI rahatA hai| jaise- hAthI aura cIMTI yA sUkSma - se- sUkSma kisI jIva-jantu ke zarIra meM rahatA hai| 137 eka pradeza meM sthita hone ke kAraNa yadyapi ye sabhI dravya paraspara meM praveza karate. haiM, lekina apane-apane svabhAva ko nahIM chor3ate isalie unameM saMkara yA ekatva doSa nahIM ho sktaa| kahA bhI hai- ye dravya paraspara meM praveza karate haiM, eka-dUsare meM milate haiM, paraspara meM eka dUsare ko avakAza dete haiM lekina apane-apane svabhAva ko nahIM chor3ate | 138 ukta jIvAdi chahoM dravya zuddha aura azuddha ke bheda se do prakAra ke haiN| inameM dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla, ye cAra dravya to sadA zuddha hI rahate haiM, parantu jIva aura pudgala, ye do dravya zuddha tathA azuddha donoM prakAra ke hote haiN| karma, nokarma (zarIra) ke sambandha se rahita jIva dravya kA jo mukta avasthA meM pariNamana hai vaha zuddha jIva dravya kA pariNamana hai aura saMsAra avasthA meM jIva kA paradravya pudgala tathA pudgalajanya rAgAdi ke sAtha jo sambandha rahatA hai, usa avasthA meM jIva kA jo pariNamana hai, vaha azuddha jIva dravya kA pariNamana hai| isI prakAra jIva ke rAgAdi : bhAvoM kA nimitta pAkara pudgaladravya meM jo karmarUpa pariNamana hai, vaha azuddha pudgala kA pariNamana hai aura jIva nirapekSa pudgala kA jo svAzrita pariNamana hai vaha zuddha pudgala kA pariNamana hai / athavA pudgala kA jo aNurUpa pariNamana hai vaha zuddha pariNamana hai aura dvyaNuka Adi skandha rUpa athavA karma-skandha rUpa jo pariNamana hai vaha azuddha pariNamana hai| isaprakAra eka dravya aneka zuddha-azuddha paryAyoM kA samUha hai / guNa-svarUpa aura bheda svarUpa - jo dravya ke Azrita hoM aura svayaM dUsare guNoM se rahita hoM, ve guNa kahalAte haiN| 139 dravya kI anekoM paryAyoM ke badalate rahane para bhI jo dravya se kabhI pRthak na hoM, nirantara dravya ke sAtha raheM, ve guNa haiN| jaise jIva ke jJAnAdi guNa aura pudgala ke rUpa rasAdi / sattA ko bhI guNa kahA gayA hai, ataH vaha dravya ke Azrita hai aura svayaM nirguNa hai / kintu dravya kisI ke Azrita nahIM hai vaha to sattA jaise ananta guNoM kA Azraya hai| isa taraha guNa aura guNI ke bheda se donoM meM bheda hai kintu unameM pradeza-bheda nahIM hai| jo dravya hai vaha guNa nahIM hai aura jo guNa hai vaha dravya nahIM hai / ataH dravya kA guNa rUpa aura guNa kA dravya rUpa na honA hI una donoM meM 60 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #63
bheda-vyavahAra kA kAraNa hai| kintu isakA yaha matalaba nahIM lenA cAhie ki dravya ke abhAva ko guNa aura guNa ke abhAva ko dravya kahate hai, kyoMki jaise sone kA vinAza hone para sone ke guNoM kA vinAza ho jAtA hai aura sone ke guNoM kA vinAza hone para sone kA vinAza ho jAtA hai, vaise hI dravya ke abhAva meM guNa kA abhAva ho jAegA aura guNa ke abhAva meM dravya kA abhAva ho jaaegaa| jainadarzana ke anasAra dravya ke binA guNa nahIM raha sakate aura guNa ke binA dravya nahIM raha sktaa| ata: nAma, lakSaNa Adi ke bheda se dravya aura guNa meM bheda hone para bhI donoM kA astitva eka hI hai ataH vastutva rUpa se donoM abhinna haiN|140 tAtparya yaha hai ki dravya se bhinna na guNa kA koI astitva hai aura na paryAya kaa| jaise sone se bhinna na pIlApana hai aura na kuNDalAdi haiN| ataH dravya se usakA guNa aura paryAya bhinna nahIM hai| cUMki sattA dravya kA svarUpabhUta astitva nAmaka guNa hai ataH vaha dravya se bhinna kaise ho sakatI hai? isalie dravya svayaM sat svarUpa hai| zrI mAilla dhavala ne bhI 'jo dravya ke sahabhAvI hoM unheM guNa kahA hai| ve guNa sAmAnya aura vizeSa ke bheda se do prakAra ke haiN| saba dravyoM meM pAye jAne vAle sAmAnya guNa dasa kahe hai aura vizeSa guNa solaha / 47 inakA vivecana Age kiyA jaaegaa| guNa dravya se bhinna nahIM haiM, kyoMki na guNa se dravya kA astitva bhinna hai aura na dravya se guNa kA astitva bhinna hai, ata: donoM meM eka dravyapanA hai| isI taraha dravya aura guNa ke pradeza bhinna nahIM hai, ataH donoM meM eka kSetrapanA hai| donoM sadA sahabhAvI haiM, isalie donoM meM eka kAlapanA hai aura donoM kA eka svabhAva hone se donoM meM bhAva kI apekSA bhI ekatva hai| guNoM ke samudAya ko bhI dravya kahA hai,42 ata: guNa dravya ke sahabhAvI hote haiM aura paryAya krama-bhAvI hotI haiN| eka dravya ke saba guNa eka sAtha rahate haiM, kintu paryAya eka ke bAda eka krama se hotI - pahale dravya-vivecana-prakaraNa meM dravya ko guNa aura paryAya vAlA kahA gayA hai, isase spaSTa hai ki guNa dravya ke Azraya se rahate haiN| arthAt dravya AdhAra hai aura guNa Adheya haiN| para isase AdhAra aura Adheya meM dahI aura kuNDa ke samAna sarvathA bheda pakSa kA grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki guNa dravya ke Azraya se rahate hue bhI ve usase kathaMcit abhinna haiN| jaise tela tila ke saba avayavoM meM vyApta rahatA hai vaise hI pratyeka guNa dravya ke sabhI avayavoM meM samAna rUpa se vyApta rahatA hai| isase vyaNuka Adi paryAyoM meM bhI yaha lakSaNa ghaTita ho jAtA hai, kyoMki vyaNuka Adi bhI apane AdhAra-bhUta paramANu dravya ke Azraya se rahate haiN| ataeva 'jo svayaM nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 61 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #64
vizeSa rahita hoM ve guNa haiM' yaha kahA gayA hai| aisA niyama hai ki jaise dravya meM guNa pAye jAte haiM vaise guNa meM anya guNa nahIM pAye jAte haiM, ataeva ve svayaM vizeSa rahita hote haiN| isa prakAra 'jo dravya ke Azraya rahate haiM aura svayaM vizeSa rahita haiM, ve guNa haiN|143 dUsare zabdoM meM zakti vizeSa ko bhI guNa kahA gayA hai, isameM anya zakti kA vAsa nahIM rahatA, isalie ise nirguNa kahA jAtA hai| guNoM ko dravya ke samAna kathaMcit nitya aura kathaMcit anitya bhI kahA gayA hai| yadyapi guNoM kI isa nityAnityAtmakatA ke viSaya meM jainetara darzanoM meM vivAda pAyA jAtA hai, kintu jainadarzana dravya ke samAna guNoM kI nityAnityAtmakatA ko svIkAra karatA hai| usake anusAra guNa bhI kathaMcit nitya aura kathaMcit anitya hote haiM; kyoMki guNa dravya se pRthak nahIM pAye jAte, isalie dravya kA jo svabhAva hai, guNoM kA bhI vahI svabhAva pAyA jAtA hai| aisA nahIM hotA ki koI guNa vartamAna meM ho aura kucha kAla bAda na rhe| jitane bhI guNa haiM ve sadA pAye jAte haiN| udAharaNArtha-jIva meM jJAnAdi kA, pudgala meM rUpa Adi kA sadA anvaya dekhA jAtA hai| aisA samaya na to kabhI prApta huA aura na kabhI prApta ho sakatA hai, jisameM jIva ke jJAna Adi guNoM kA abhAva rahe aura pudgala meM rUpAdi kA abhAva rhe| isase . jJAta hotA hai ki guNa nitya haiM, unakI yaha nityatA pratyabhijJAna se siddha hai| yaha ThIka hai ki viSaya-bheda se jIva kA jJAna guNa badalA dikhatA hai| jaba vaha ghaTa ko jAnatA hai taba vaha ghaTAkAra ho jAtA hai aura paTa ko jAnate hue paTAkAra, para jJAna kI dhArA kabhI bhI nahIM TUTatI, isalie jJAna santAna kI apekSA vaha jJAna guNa nitya hI hai| isI nitya ko dhrauvya bhI kahA jAtA hai| jaina-darzana meM aisA dhruvatva bhI iSTa nahIM jo sadA apariNAmI rhe| sAMkhyadarzana puruSa ko kUTastha nitya mAnatA hai, para prakRti ke samparka se use baddha jaisA mAna lene para vaha kUTasthatA nahIM bana sktii| yaha bAta anya nityavAdI darzanoM ke sambandha meM bhI jAna lenA caahie| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki guNa vividha avasthAoM meM rahakara bhI apane svabhAva ko nahIM chor3atA, isI kAraNa vaha nitya kahA jAtA hai| jaise-harA Ama pakane para pIlA ho jAtA hai to bhI usase raMga pRthak nahIM hotaa| isase spaSTa hai ki varNa nitya hai| yaha siddhAnta saba guNoM ke sambandha meM samajhanA caahie| yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya hai ki nityatA kA yaha artha nahIM ki vaha sadA eka sA banA rahe, usameM kisI bhI prakAra kA pariNamana na ho| yaha to ThIka hai ki kisI bhI vastu yA guNa meM vijAtIya pariNamana nahIM hotaa| jIva badalakara pudgala yA anya dravya rUpa nahIM hotA aura pudgala yA anya dravya badalakara jIva rUpa nahIM hote| jIva sadA jIva hI banA rahatA hai| aura pudgala sadA pudagala hii| jo dravya jisa rUpa hotA 62 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #65
1 hai usI rUpa meM banA rahatA hai| jIva cIMTI se hAthI yA manuSya, pazu, pakSI ho sakatA hai, para vaha jIvatva ko kabhI nahIM chor3a sakatA / ataeva pratyeka vastu yA guNameM sajAtIya pariNamana sadA hotA rahatA hai / prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai ki hamArI buddhi viSaya ke anusAra sadA badalatI rahatI hai| jo vartamAna meM paTa ko jAna rahI hai, vahI kAlAntara meM ghaTa ko jAnane lagatI hai| isI prakAra jo Ama vartamAna meM harA hai vahI kAlAntara meM pIlA bhI ho jAtA hai / ataH isa prakAra pariNamanoM kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa hI guNoM ko sarvathA nitya nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isase jJAta hotA hai ki guNa kathaMcit anitya bhI haiN| isa prakAra yadyapi guNa kathaMcit nityAnityAtmaka siddha hote haiM tathApi jo darzana kArya-kAraNa meM sarvathA bheda mAnate haiM ve guNoM ko sarvathA nitya aura paryAyoM ko sarvathA anitya mAnate haiM, kintu unakI yaha mAnyatA samIcIna nahIM hai vAstava dravya - guNa - paryAya sarvathA pRthak-pRthak siddha nahIM hote, kathaMcit bhedAbhedAtmaka haiN| yadi bhedavAdiyoM kI dRSTi se guNoM ko sarvathA nitya aura paryAyoM ko sarvathA anitya mAnA jAya to artha kriyA kAritva kA virodha AtA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra guNa aura paryAyoM se dravya sarvathA pRthak nahIM hai, kintu samuccaya rUpa se guNa aura paryAyoM ko hI dravya mAnA gayA hai| guNa aura paryAyoM se pRthak dravya nAma kI koI vastu nahIM hai| isalie dravya ke nityAnitya siddha hone para abhinna guNa bhI kathaMcit nityAnitya siddha hote haiM / aisA siddhAnta hone para bhI nyAya-vaizeSika darzana kucha guNoM ko sarvathA nitya * aura kucha guNoM ko sarvathA anitya mAnatA hai| usake matAnusAra kAraNa dravya ke guNa sarvathA nitya haiM aura kArya dravya ke guNa anitya haiN| apanI mAnyatA kI puSTi meM unakA kahanA hai ki kacce ghar3e ko agni meM pakAne para usake pahale ke guNa naSTa hokara naye guNa utpanna hote hai| vaizaiSika darzana to isase eka kadama aura Age bar3hakara yahA~ taka kahatA hai ki agni meM ghar3e ke pakAne para agni kI jvAlAoM ke kAraNa avayavoM ke saMyoga kA nAza ho jAne para, asamavAyI kAraNa ke nAza se zyAmaghaTa naSTa ho jAtA hai| phira paramANuoM meM rakta rUpa kI utpatti hokara dvyaNuka Adi ke krama se lAla ghar3e kI utpatti hotI hai / para vicAra karane para unakA yaha saba kathana samIcIna pratIta nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki ghar3e kI kaccI avasthA badala kara pakkI avasthA ke utpanna hote samaya yadi ghar3e ke miTTIpane kA nAza mAnA gayA hotA to kadAcit ukta kathana ghaTita hotA, kintu jaba pAka avasthA meM miTTI kA nAza nahIM hotA hai taba miTTI meM rahane vAle guNoM kA nAza to bana hI nahIM sakatA hai, kyoMki kisI vastu kA apane guNoM ko chor3akara anya koI dUsarA astitva nahIM nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 63 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #66
hai| isalie guNa kathaMcit nityAnitya hI siddha hote haiN| guNoM ko sahabhU,144 anvayI,145 aura artharUpa bhI kahA gayA hai, kyoMki guNa, . sahabhU, anvayI aura artha ye cAroM zabda paryAyavAcI haiN| ataeva eka hI artha ke vAcaka haiN|146 inameM 'sahabhU' zabda kA vyutpattiparaka artha hai, jo eka sAtha hote haiM, ve guNa haiM / guNa yugapat haiM, paryAyoM ke samAna krama-krama se, eka ke bAda dUsarA ityAdi krama se nahI hote haiN|147 guNoM ko 'sahabhU' yA sahabhAvI148 isalie kahate haiM ki jitane bhI gaNa haiM ve saba eka sAtha haiN| paryAyoM ke samAna kramavartI nahIM haiN| pratyeka guNa kI trikAlabhAvI jo ananta paryAya haiM ve saba sadA nahIM pAI jAtI, kintu pratyeka samaya meM judI judI hone se ve kramavartI haiM para guNoM kA svabhAva aisA nahIM hai| atIta kAla meM jitane aura jo guNa the vartamAna kAla meM bhI utane aura ve hI guNa haiN| isI prakAra bhaviSya meM bhI utane aura ve hI guNa raheMge, isalie guNa 'sahabhU' yA 'sahabhAvI' kahe gaye haiN| jaise-jIva ke jJAnAdi gunn|| jainAcAryoM ne guNoM ko 'anvayI' bhI kahA hai| 'anvayI' isa zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue kahA hai : 'anvaya' zabda meM 'anu' yaha pada avyucchinna pravAha rUpa artha kA dyotaka hai aura 'aya' dhAtu kA artha gamana karanA hai, isalie anu+aya= 'anvaya' zabda kA vyutpattiparaka artha dravya hotA hai| isa dRSTi se sadA satva, sat, sAmAnya, dravya, anvaya, vastu, artha, vidhi-ye saba zabda sAmAnya rUpa se eka hI artha ke vAcaka haiN| isa prakAra kA 'anvaya' jinake pAyA jAya ve 'anvayI' haiM aura yaha anvaya guNoM meM pAyA jAtA hai, isalie guNa 'anvayI' kahalAte haiN| vastu kA svabhAva hone se guNa svataH sapakSa arthAt svataHsiddha haiM, unheM paryAyoM kI apekSA nahIM karanI par3atI hai|149 ___anvaya kA artha dhArA yA paramparA hai| pratyeka guNa meM yaha dhArA sadaiva pAyI jAtI hai, isalie guNa 'anvayI' kahalAte haiN| vastu ke pIche-pIche usakI pratyeka avasthA meM sAtha rahanA anvaya kA artha hai| cU~ki yaha vizeSatA guNoM meM pAyI jAtI hai isI se jaina siddhAnta meM guNoM ko anvayI kahA hai| guNoM ke isa anvayI rUpa kA yahI artha hai ki vastu kI pratyeka dazA meM barAbara anusyUta rhnaa| jaise jIva kI nara-nAraka Adi paryAya to AtI-jAtI rahatI hai aura jIvatva una saba meM barAbara anusyUta rahatA hai| ata: jIvatva jIva kA anvayI rUpa hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jinase dhArA meM eka-rUpatA banI rahatI hai ve guNa kahalAte haiN| jIva meM jJAnAdi kI dhArA kA, pudgala meM rUpa-rasAdi kI dhArA kA, dharma dravya meM gatihetutva kI dhArA kA, adharma dravya meM sthiti hetutva kI dhArA kA, AkAza meM avagAhana hetutva kI dhArA kA aura kAla dravya meM vartanA hetutva kI dhArA kA kabhI 64 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #67
viccheda nahIM hotA, isalie ve jJAnAdi usa-usa dravya ke guNa haiN| guNoM ko 'artharUpa' bhI kahA gayA hai| 'artha' zabda gamanArthaka 'R' dhAtu se banA hai| guNoM meM anAdi santAna rUpa se anugata rUpa artha pAyA jAtA hai, isalie guNa kA 'artha' yaha paryAyavAcI nAma sArthaka hI hai|50 yataH guNa anvaya pradhAna hotA hai ata: use 'artha' zabda dvArA kahanA ThIka hI hai| isa prakAra yadyapi guNa sahabhU, anvayI aura artha rUpa siddha hote haiM tathApi unheM sarvathA nitya mAna lenA ucita nahIM hai, kintu guNa dravyoM ke samAna kathaMcit nitya aura kathaMcit anitya hote haiN| sAmAnya kI apekSA ve nitya haiM aura apane guNAMzoM kI apekSA anity| jisa prakAra vastu pariNamanazIla hai usI prakAra guNa bhI pariNamanazIla haiM, isalie guNoM meM bhI utpAda aura vyaya ye donoM hote haiM, unameM dhruvatva kI sthiti guNa-santati kI apekSA pratyabhijJAna se siddha hai| ataeva guNa svayaMsiddha aura pariNAmI bhI hai, isalie nitya aura anitya rUpa hone se unameM utpAda-vyayadhrauvyAtmakatA bhI siddha hai|51 ___saMkSepa meM dravya meM bheda karane vAle dharma ko bhI jaina-darzana guNa mAnatA hai|2 athavA jo dravya ko. dravyAntara se pRthak karatA hai vaha bhI guNa hai|53 vastu kI sahabhAvI vizeSatA kA vAcaka bhI guNa hai| dravya ke vistAra vizeSa ko bhI jainAcAryoM ne guNa mAnA hai| bheda-isa prakAra dravya meM jitane bhI guNa prApta hote haiM ve sabhI guNa yadyapi guNatva sAmAnya kI apekSA se samAna haiM tathApi unameM bheda bhI haiN| unameM kitane hI sAdhAraNa guNa haiM aura kitane hI asAdhAraNa guNa haiN| vaise dravya meM ananta guNa vidyamAna haiM, kintu unheM do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai-1.sAdhAraNa yA sAmAnya guNa aura 2. asAdhAraNa yA vizeSa gunn| jo guNa sAmAnya rUpa se saba dravyoM meM pAye jAe~ unheM sAmAnya guNa kahate haiN| jaise-astitva aadi| aura jo guNa saba dravyoM meM na pAye jAe~, athavA jo guNa pratyeka dravya ke viziSTa guNa hote haiM unheM vizeSa guNa kahate haiN| jaise-jIva ke jJAna, darzana Adi guNa aura pudgala ke rUpa rasAdi guNa / / 55 - sAmAnya guNa-astitva, vastutva, dravyatva, prameyatva, agurulaghutva, pradezatva, cetanatva, acetanatva, mUrtatva aura amUrtatva ye dravyoM ke daza sAmAnya guNa haiN|56 AcArya amRtacandra ne jIvAdi dravyoM ke sAmAnya guNa isa prakAra batalAye haiMastitva, nAstitva, ekatva, anyatva, dravyatva, paryAyatva, sarvagatatva, asarvagatatva, sapradezatva, apradezatva, mUrtatva, amUrtatva, sakriyatva, akriyatva, cetanatva, acetanatva, kartRtva, akartRtva, bhoktRtva, abhoktRtva aura agurulaghutva / / 57 ukta dasa sAmAnya guNoM meM se anta ke cetanatva, acetanatva, mUrtatva aura amUrtatva ina cAra guNoM ko nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 65 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #68
vizeSa guNoM meM bhI ginAyA gayA hai, kyoMki ye cAroM guNa sajAti kI apekSA sAmAnya guNa haiM aura vijAti kI apekSA vizeSa guNa hai / 158 tAtparya yaha hai ki cetanatva guNa jIva meM hI pAyA jAtA hai / kintu jIva dravya to ananta haiM aura una sabhI meM cetanatva guNa pAyA jAtA hai / isa apekSA se baha sAmAnya guNa hai kintu acetana dravyoM kI apekSA vahI vizeSa guNa hai| acetanatva guNa pA~coM acetana dravyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai, isalie vaha sAmAnya guNa hai, kintu cetana jIva meM na pAyA jAne se vahI vizeSa guNa ho jAtA hai / mUrtatva guNa kevala pudgala dravyoM meM hI pAyA jAtA hai aura pudgala dravya to jIvoM se bhI anantaguNe haiN| isa apekSA se vaha pudgala kA sAmAnya guNa hai kintu amUrta dravyoM meM na pAyA jAne se vahIM vizeSa guNa ho jAtA hai| amUrtatva guNa pudgala ke sivAya zeSa sabhI dravyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai ataH vaha sAmAnya guNa hai / kintu pudgala dravya na pAyA jAne se vahI vizeSa guNa hai| isalie ina cAra guNoM kI gaNanA sAmAnya aura vizeSa guNoM meM kI gayI hai| AcArya amRtacandra ne bhI mUrtatva, amUrtatva, cetanatva aura acetanatva ko sAdhAraNa guNoM meM ginAyA hai| inameM se amUrtatva tathA acetanatva to sAdhAraNa haiM, kintu cetanatva aura mUrtatva vizeSa guNa haiN| vastutva aura prameyatva kA amRtacandra jI ne nAmollekha nahIM kiyA hai| vizeSa guNa - jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya, sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa, gatihetutva, sthitihetutva, avagAhana hetutva, vartanA hetutva, cetanatva, acetanatva, mUrtatva aura amUrtatva - ye dravyoM ke 16 vizeSa guNa haiN| 159 ukta dasa sAmAnya guNoM meM se pratyeka dravya meM ATha-ATha sAmAnya guNa haiM, kyoMki jIva dravya meM acetanatva aura mUrtatva ye do guNa nahIM hote, pudgala dravya meM cetanatva aura amUrtatva ye do guNa nahIM hote tathA dharma dravya, adharmadravya AkAza dravya aura kAladravya meM cetanatva aura mUrtatva guNa nahIM hote haiN| 160 isI prakAra ukta solaha vizeSa guNoM meM se jIva dravya meM jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya, cetanatva aura amUrtatva - ye cha: guNa mukhya hote hai, pudgala dravya meM sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa, mUrtatva aura acetanatva - ye chaH guNa mukhya hote haiN| "1 dharmadravya meM gatihetutva, amUrtatva, acetanatva - ye tIna vizeSa guNa hote haiM, adharmadravya meM sthitihetutva, amUrtatva, acetanatva - ye tIna vizeSa guNa hote haiM / AkAza dravya meM avagAhana hetutva, amUrtatva acetanatva - ye tIna vizeSa guNa hote haiM aura kAladravya meM vartanAhetutva, amUrtatva, acetanatva - ye tIna vizeSa guNa hote haiM 112 isa prakAra saba dravyoM meM se pratyeka dravya meM ATha-ATha sAmAnya guNa hote haiM 66 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #69
tathA vizeSa guNoM meM se jIva aura pudgala dravya meM cha:-cha: aura dharma, adharma, AkAza tathA kAla dravya meM tIna-tIna vizeSa guNa hote haiN|163 paryAya : svarUpa aura bheda vyutpatti-'paryAya' zabda 'pari' upasarga pUrvaka 'iN' dhAtu se 'Na' pratyaya karane para siddha hotA hai| 'pari' upasarga kA artha hai-'kAlakRta bheda' aura 'iNa' dhAtu kA artha haiM 'gamana yA praapti'| arthAt-jo kAlakRta bheda ko prApta hotI hai use paryAya kahate haiN|64 athavA jo saba ora se bheda ko prApta kare use paryAya kahate hai165 athavA jo svabhAva-vibhAva rUpa se pUrI taraha dravya ko prApta hotI haiM, ve paryAya haiM166 yA jo svabhAva-vibhAva rUpa se pariNamana karatI hai, vaha paryAya hai|167 svarUpa-jainadarzana meM jainAcAryoM ne paryAya kA svarUpa batalAte hue use kramavartI, anitya, vyatirekI, utpAda-vyaya rUpa aura kathaMcit dhrauvyAtmaka kahA hai|68 kramavartI kA artha hai ki paryAya eka ke bAda dUsarI aura dUsarI ke bAda tIsarI isa krama se hotI haiN| jaise piNDa, koza, kuzUla aura ghaTa ye paryAya miTTI meM yugapat nahIM pAI jAtIM, kintu krama se hotI haiN| isalie ve kramavartI kahalAtI haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki pratisamaya eka paryAya kA sthAna dUsarI paryAya letI rahatI hai| yaha nahIM ho sakatA ki eka paryAya ke rahate hue dUsarI paryAya ho jAe isalie svabhAvataH paryAyoM meM kramaM ghaTita hotA hai aura isIlie krama se hone vAlI vastu kI vizeSatA yA avasthA ko paryAya kahA hai| jaise jIva kI nara, nArakAdi paryAya yA avasthAe~ aura pudgala paramANuoM kI vyaNuka Adi avasthAe~ yA karmarUpa pryaay| paryAya kA vAstavika artha vastu kA aMza hai| aMza ke do bheda haiM-eka anvayI aura dUsarA vytirekii| anvayI aMza ko guNa aura vyatirekI aMza ko paryAya kahate haiN| isIlie jainadarzana meM sarvatra guNoM ko anvayI, nitya, dhrauvyAtmaka aura paryAyoM ko vyatirekI, anitya, utpAda-vyayazIla kahA gayA hai| isakA yahI matalaba hai ki jinase dhArA meM eka rUpatA banI rahatI hai ve guNa kahalAte haiM aura jinase usameM bheda pratIta hotA hai ve paryAya kahalAtI haiN| isalie vyavahAra, vikalpa, bheda aura paryAya ekArthaka haiN| jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai ye guNa aura paryAya milakara hI dravya kahalAte haiM yA guNa, paryAyoM ke samUha kA nAma hI dravya hai| guNa aura paryAyoM ke atirikta dravya koI pRthak vastu nahIM hai| -bheda-paryAya ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM-dravya paryAya aura gunn-pryaay| aneka dravyoM meM aikya kA bodha karAne vAlI paryAya ko dravya-paryAya kahate haiN| isake bhI do bheda haiM-sajAtIya aura vijaatiiy| aneka pudgaloM ke mela se jo ghaTa-paTa Adi nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 67 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #70
skandha banate haiM athavA paramANuoM ke mela se jo vyaNuka Adi avasthAe~ hotI haiM ve samAnajAtIya dravya paryAya haiM aura jIva tathA pudgala ke mela se jo manuSya, pazu Adi paryAya banatI haiM ve asamAnajAtIya dravya-paryAya haiN| ___ guNoM ke dvArA anvaya rUpa ekatA ke jJAna kA kAraNa jo paryAya hai vaha guNa paryAya hai| isake bhI do bheda haiM-svabhAva paryAya aura vibhaav-pryaay|69 AcArya kundakunda ne bhI paryAya ke do bheda kiye haiM-eka sva-para sApekSa aura dUsarI nirpekss|" sva-para sApekSa paryAya kA hI dUsarA nAma vibhAva paryAya hai aura nirapekSa paryAya kA dUsarA nAma svabhAva paryAya hai| isI ko para nimittaka aura svanimittaka paryAya kahate haiN| arthAt svanimittaka paryAya svabhAva paryAya hai aura paranimittaka paryAya vibhAva paryAya hai| jIva aura pudgala ko chor3akara zeSa cAra dravyoM kA pariNamana sva-nimittaka hotA hai ata: unameM sadA svabhAva paryAya hotI haiM, kintu jIva aura pudgala meM svabhAva tathA vibhAva donoM paryAya hotI haiN| jIva aura pudgala kI jo paryAya paranimittaka hotI haiM vaha vibhAva paryAya kahalAtI haiM aura para kA nimitta dUra ho jAne para jo paryAya hotI hai vaha svabhAva paryAya kahI jAtI hai| jIva dravya aura karma rUpa pariNata pudgala dravya ke saMyoga se vibhAva paryAya hotI hai| inhIM donoM dravyoM ke mela se yaha saMsAra paramparA cala rahI hai| paramANu pudgaladravya kI svabhAva paryAya hai aura do yA tIna Adi paramANuoM ke saMyoga se utpanna vyaNuka, tryaNuka Adi pudgaladravya kI vibhAva paryAya haiN| isI taraha karmopAdhirahita siddha yA muktAvasthA jIva kI svabhAvaparyAya hai aura jIva tathA pudgala ke saMyoga se utpanna huI deva, manuSya Adi paryAya jIva kI vibhAva paryAya haiN| isI taraha guNa-paryAyoM meM bhI samajha lenA caahie| samasta dravyoM meM rahane vAle apane-apane agurulaghu guNa dvArA prati samaya hone vAlI chaha prakAra kI hAni-vRddhi rUpa paryAya svabhAva guNaparyAya hai tathA pudgala skandha ke rUpAdiguNa aura jIva ke jJAnAdiguNa jo pudgala ke saMyoga se hInAdhika rUpa pariNamana karate haiM vaha vibhAva guNaparyAya hai| jaise jIva dravya meM jJAna guNa kI kevalajJAnaparyAya svabhAvaparyAya hai kintu saMsAra-dazA meM usa jJAnaguNa kA jo matijJAnAdi-rUpa pariNamana, karmoM ke saMyogavaza ho rahA hai vaha vibhAvaparyAya hai| isa prakAra dravyaparyAya ke svabhAva paryAya aura vibhAvaparyAya ye do bheda kahe gaye haiM aura guNaparyAya ke bhI svabhAva paryAya tathA vibhAvaparyAya ye do bheda kahe gaye haiN| arthaparyAya aura vyaMjanaparyAya ke bheda se bhI paryAya ke do bheda kiye gaye haiN| arthaparyAya sUkSma hai, pratikSaNa nAza hone vAlI hai tathA vacanoM ke agocara hai aura vyaMjanaparyAya sthUla hotI hai, cirakAla taka rahane vAlI hai, vacanagocara tathA alpajJAniyoM ke bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai| ina donoM ke bhI svabhAva aura vibhAva ke bheda se do-do bheda 68 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #71
hote haiN| ina sabhI ke bheda-prabhedoM kA vistRta vivecana pravacanasAra, niyamasAra Adi jainAgama granthoM se jAna lenA caahie| isa prakAra sattA dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA vistRta vivecana ho jAne para sAMkhya Adi vaidika dArzanikoM dvArA yaha zaMkA prastuta kI jAtI hai ki dravya meM vidyamAna paryAya utpanna hotI hai athavA avidyamAna paryAya? isa viSaya meM satkAryavAdI sAMkhyadarzana kA kathana hai ki 'sataH sajjAyate' isa siddhAnta ke anusAra sat se hI sat kI utpatti hotI hai, asat se sat kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI arthAt asat vastu kabhI sat nahIM ho sktii| kArya apane kAraNa meM pahale se hI vidyamAna rahatA hai, anukUla kAraNakalApa milane para vaha prakaTa ho jAtA hai| yadi ghaTa apane kAraNa rUpa miTTI meM pahale se hI vidyamAna nahIM rahatA to vaha anekoM vyApAroM ke karane para bhI kabhI sata nahIM ho sktaa| ataH jo padArtha pahale se hI apane kAraNa meM avyakta rUpa se vidyamAna rahatA hai vahI usase AvirbhUta hotA hai, koI nayI vastu kahIM se utpanna nahIM hotii| saba vastue~ sarvadA hI rahatI haiN| ve kabhI sUkSma arthAt avyakta avasthA meM aura kabhI sthUla arthAt vyakta avasthA meM A jAyA karatI haiN| yahI avasthA parivartana jagat meM huA karatA hai| nayI vastu na utpanna hotI hai aura na vidyamAna vastu kA kabhI vinAza hI hotA hai| ise hI sAMkhyadarzana kA satkAryavAda kahA jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha-tiloM meM tela pahale se hI hai, use yantra meM pelakara abhivyakta kara diyA jAtA hai| dahI meM makkhana vyApta hai, usase hI mathakara prakaTa kara diyA jAtA hai| koI zilpI rAma yA kRSNa, buddha yA mahAvIra kI yA zera, hiraNa Adi kI mUrti banAtA hai to vaha eka bar3A patthara letA hai aura apane aujAroM se patthara ke aMzoM ko kATakara apanI yA ApakI pasanda kI mUrti ko usI patthara meM se prakaTa kara detA hai, bAhara se kucha nahIM laataa| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki tela, ghRta, mUrti Adi pahale se hI una-una padArthoM meM vidyamAna the, una para anya avayavoM kA eka AvaraNa par3A huA thA, usa AvaraNa ko haTAkara unheM prakaTa kara diyA gayA, nayI vastu koI nahIM banAyI gyii| ThIka usI prakAra jIvAdi padArthoM meM saba paryAya . vidyamAna rahatI haiM, kintu ve chipI huI haiM, isalie dikhAI nahIM detii| . . . sAMkhya ke ukta mata se sahamata na hote hue jainAcArya kahate haiM-yadi dravya meM paryAya vidyamAna hote hue bhI DhaMkI huI hai to vastra se DhaMke hue devadatta kI taraha usakI utpatti niSphala hai| jaise devadatta parde ke pIche baiThA huA hai, parde ke haTAte hI devadatta prakaTa ho gyaa| usako yadi koI yaha kahe ki 'devadatta utpanna ho gayA' to aisA kahanA vyartha hai, kyoMki devadatta to vahA~ pahale se hI vidyamAna thaa| isI taraha yadi dravya meM paryAya pahale se hI vidyamAna hai aura pIche prakaTa ho jAtI hai to nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 69 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #72
usakI utpatti kahanA galata hai / utpatti to avidyamAna kIM hI hotI hai| ataH anAdinidhana dravya meM kAlalabdhi Adi ke milane para avidyamAna paryAyoM kI hI utpatti hotI hai| 174 vastutaH dravya avinazvara hone ke kAraNa anAdi nidhana hai| usa anAdi nidhana dravya meM apane yogya dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva ke milane para jo paryAya vidyamAna nahIM hotI usakI utpatti ho jAtI hai| jaise vidyamAna miTTI meM ghaTa ke utpanna hone kA ucita kAla Ane para tathA kumhAra Adi ke sadbhAva meM ghaTa Adi paryAya utpanna hotI haiM / ataH avidyamAna paryAya kI hI utpatti hotI hai na ki vidyamAna paryAya kI aura na hI dravya meM pahale se vidyamAna athavA tirohita paryAya kI abhivyakti / yahI jainadarzana kA abhimata hai / ukta viSaya meM asatkAryavAdI nyAya-vaizeSika darzana kA bhI kathana hai ki utpatti se pUrvakAla meM kArya apane kAraNa meM nahIM rahatA, taduparAnta vaha kAraNa sAmagrI se utpanna hotA hai| ataH kAraNa aura kArya atyanta bhinna haiM / tAtparya yaha hai ki kArya kI sattA usakI utpatti se pUrva kAraNa meM nahIM rahatI hai, kyoMki yadi utpatti se pUrva kArya kI sthiti mAnI jAegI to kAraNa kI phira kyA AvazyakatA rahegI? aura na usakI utpatti kA hI prazna uThatA hai / kArya yadi upAdAna (samavAyI) kAraNa meM pahale se hI vidyamAna hai to kAraNa aura kArya kA bheda nahIM ho skegaa| jaise yadi miTTI meM ghar3A pahale se hI thA taba kumhAra ko cakra ghumAne Adi ke parizrama kI kyA AvazyakatA thI tathA miTTI aura ghar3e ko eka hI nAma kyoM nahIM diyA gayA ? ataH siddha hotA hai ki yathArtha meM kArya apane kAraNa meM vidyamAna nahIM thA, kintu phira bhI kArya eka vizeSa kAraNa meM hI utpanna hotA hai, jo svAbhAvika hai| isa prakAra nyAyadarzana asatkAryavAda kI sthApanA karatA hai| usake anusAra jagat kA upAdAna kAraNa nitya padArtha paramANu hai, jo sat hai, kintu kArya asat hai| isa prakAra nyAya-vaizeSika darzana kAraNa aura kArya meM sarvathA bheda mAnatA hai / jainadarzana isa mAnyatA se bhI sahamata nahIM hai, usake anusAra dharma aura dharmI kI vivakSA se kAraNa aura kArya meM athavA dravya aura paryAya meM bheda kiyA jAtA hai, kintu vastu svarUpa se unameM bheda nahIM hai| 75 yathArthataH kAraNa rUpa miTTI Adi dravya meM aura kArya rUpa ghaTAdi paryAya meM dharma aura dharmI bheda kI vivakSA hone se hI bheda hai vAstava meM bheda nahIM hai / arthAt jaba yaha kahanA hotA hai ki yaha miTTI dharmI hai aura ghaTAdi paryAya dharma hai, tabhI bheda kI pratIti hotI hai, kintu vastu svarUpa se dharma aura dharmI meM bheda nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / 70 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #73
arthAt dravyArthika naya se kArya aura kAraNa meM abheda hai / isI taraha guNa - guNI, paryAya-paryAyI, svabhAva-svabhAvavAn Adi meM bhI kathaMcit bheda aura kathaMcit abheda samajhanA caahie| sarvathA bheda mAnanA ekAnta hai| isase anekAntAtmaka vastu kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki yadi dravya aura paryAya meM vasturUpa se bhI bheda mAnA jAegA to dravya paryAya se sarvathA bhinna eka judI vastu ThaharegA aura paryAya dravya se sarvathA bhinna eka judI vastu tthhregii| aisI sthiti meM binA paryAya ke dravya aura binA dravya ke paryAya huA kregii| jaise yadi miTTI rUpa dravya se ghaTAdi paryAya sarvathA bhinna hai to miTTI ke binA bhI ghaTa pAyA jaaegaa| ata: kAraNa aura kArya meM, dravya aura paryAya meM vasturUpa se bheda nahIM mAnanA cAhie / isI prakAra jJAnAdvaitavAdI' bAhya ghaTa paTa Adi padArthoM ko asat mAnatA hai aura eka jJAna ko hI sat mAnatA hai| usake anusAra anAdi vAsanA ke kAraNa hameM bAhara meM ye padArtha dikhAI dete haiM, kintu ve vaise hI asatya haiM jaise svapna meM dikhAI dene vAlI bAteM asatya hotI haiN| jJAnAdvaitavAdiyoM kI yaha mAnyatA bhI jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM samIcIna nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi saba jJAnarUpa hI hai to jJeya to kucha bhI nahIM rahA aura jaba jJeya hI nahIM rahA to binA jJeya ke jJAna kaise raha sakatA hai, kyoMki jo jAnatA hai use jJAna kahate hai aura jo jAnA jAtA hai use jJeya kahate haiM / jaba jAnane ke lie koI hai 'nahIM to jJAna kaise ho sakatA hai ? jo zarIra, makAna vagairaha bAhya padArtha samasta loka meM prasiddha haiM unako bhI jo jJAna rUpa mAnatA hai vaha jJAna ke svarUpa ko hI nahIM jAnatA / jinakA svarUpa jAnane yogya hotA hai unheM jJeya svarUpa kahate haiM / ataH jJAna se bAhara jitane bhI padArtha haiM ve saba jJeyarUpa haiM, jJAnarUpa nahIM haiM / jo unheM jJAnarUpa kahatA hai vaha vAstava meM jJAna ke svarUpa ko hI nahIM samajhatA hai| yadi vaha jJAna ke svarUpa se thor3A-sA bhI paricita hotA to bAhya padArthoM kA lopa na karatA / isa viSaya meM zUnya kAryavAdI bauddhoM 77 kA bhI kathana hai ki 'asata: sajjAyate' asat se sat arthAt abhAva se bhAva kI utpatti hotI hai| dUdha ke abhAva se hI dahI kI utpatti hotI hai, bIja ke abhAva se aMkura utpanna hotA hai, mRtpiNDa ke abhAva se ghar3A utpanna hotA hai aura kUTastha kAraNa se kArya utpanna hotA hai| aMtaH abhAva se hI bhAva kI utpatti kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| dUsarI bAta ve yaha kahate haiM ki jisa eka yA aneka rUpa se padArthoM kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai vAstava meM vaha rUpa hai hI nahIM, isalie vastu mAtra asat hai aura jagat zUnya ke atirikta kucha bhI nahIM hai| nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 71 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #74
saMsAra meM taraha-taraha kI vastue~ A~khoM se spaSTa dikhAI detI haiM, unako dekhate hue bhI jo kahatA hai ki jagat zUnya rUpa hai usakA yaha kathana ThIka nahIM haiM, kyoMki jaba jagat zUnya rUpa hai aura usameM kucha bhI sat nahIM hai to jJAna aura zabda bhI asat hue aura jaba jJAna tathA zabda bhI asat haiM to yaha zUnyavAdI kaise to svayaM yaha jAtA hai ki saba kucha zUnya hai aura kaise dUsaroM ko yaha kahatA hai ki saba zUnya hai ? kyoMki jJAna aura zabda ke abhAva meM na kucha jAnA jA sakatA hai aura na kucha kahA jA sakatA hai| isake atirikta jaba saba jagat zUnyarUpa hai to zUnyavAdI bhI zUnyarUpa huA aura jaba vaha svayaM zUnya hai to vaha zUnya ko kaise jAnatA hai aura kaise zUnyavAda kA kathana karatA hai ? ataH zUnyavAdI bauddhoM kA mantavya bhI jainadarzana kI dRSTi meM kisI bhI prakAra se samIcIna nahIM hai / isa prakAra sattA, dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA vivecana karane ke pazcAt isa viSaya meM jainetara dArzanikoM kI jo vibhinna vicAradhArAe~ haiM, una sabakA pratipAdana tathA parihAra ThIka prakAra se kiyA gayA hai / anekAtmaka vastu ke yathArthasvarUpa kA vivecana yadi nayavAda (sApekSavAda) kA Azraya lekara kiyA jAe to kisI bhI prakAra kA vivAda nahIM raha jAtA hai, kyoMki nayavAda ke binA vastu kA yathArthasvarUpa siddha hI nahIM ho sakatA hai / vastu mImAMsA meM nayoM kA arthAnvayana - jainadarzana meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ina tInoM kI ekatA va samanvaya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / kintu anya jainetara darzanoM meM inameM se kisI-kisI eka ko grahaNa kara vastumImAMsA kI gayI hai / udAharaNa ke lie sAMkhya aura vedAnta vastu ko dhruva va nitya mAnate haiN| ve usameM kisI prakAra kA pariNamana svIkAra nahIM karate, parantu bauddha darzana vastu ko kSaNabhaMgura evaM anitya mAnate haiN| unake anusAra pratyeka samaya meM paryAya badala jAtI hai| pUrvavartI kSaNa meM jo paryAya hai vaha uttaravartI kSaNa meM nahIM rahatI / paryAya ke sAtha dravya kA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai| vastutaH bauddhadarzana kI yaha mAnyatA padArtha kI utpAda aura vinAza- mUlaka mAnyatA ko abhivyakta karatI hai, lekina nyAya-vaizeSika darzana guNa aura kriyA ko vastu se pRthak mAnate haiN| isaprakAra jainadarzana ke utpAda, vyaya aura dhruva ina vastugata svabhAvoM ko jainetara darzanoM meM pRthak-pRthak rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yadi ye sabhI darzana nayavAda kI dRSTi se sApekSa kathana karate to vastu-svarUpa kI samyak siddhi meM koI matabheda nahIM rahatA aura ye sabhI darzana samyagdarzana kahe jaate| yahI jainadarzana kI mAnyatA kA niSkarSa hai aura yahI nayavAda kA phalitArtha hai / 72 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #75
sandarbha 1. nayo jJAturabhiprAyaH / - laghI., kA. 521 2. natthi naehi vihUNaM suttaM atthoya jiNamae kiMci / - vi. bhA. gA. 762 3. je NayadiTThivihINA tANa Na vatthusahAvauvaladdhi / vatthusahAvavihUNA sammAdiTThi kahaM huMti / / - na . ca.gA. 181 4. yadeva tat tadevAtat, yadevaikaM tadevAnekaM yadeva sat tadevAsat, yadeva nityaM tadevAnityam ityekavastu vastutvaniSpAdakaparasparaviruddhazaktiprakAzanamanekAnta: / - sa. sA., TI. pR. 564 5. NayamUlo aNeyanto / --na. ca., gAthA 175 6. NANAsahAvabhariyaM vatthaM gahiUNa taM pamANeNa / eyaMtaNAsaNaTTaM pacchA NayajuM jaNaM kuNaha / / - naM. ca., gA. 172 7. nAnA svabhAva - saMyuktaM dravyaM jJAtvA pramANataH / tacca sApekSa-siddhyarthaM syAnnayamizritaM kuru / / - A. pa., zlo. pR. 168 8. jahamA gaeNa viNA hoi Na Narassa siyavAyapaDivattI / tamA so bohavbo eyaMtaM haMtukAmeNa / - na. ca., gA. 174 9. upayogau zrutasya dvau syAdvAdanasaMjJitau / syAdvAdaH sakalAdezI nayo vikalasaMkathA / / - laghI., kA. 62 10. syAdvAdapravibhaktArthavizeSavyaMjako naya: / - A. mI., kA. 106 11. sattA savvapadatthA savissarUvA aNaMtapajjAyA / bhaMguppAdadhuvattA sappaDivakkhA havadi ekkA / / - paMcA., gAthA 8 12. ni. sA, gA. 9 13. ta. saM.,--pR. 2 14. (a) davvaM sallakkhaNayaM uppaadvvydhuvttsjuNttN| guNapajjayAsayaM vA jaM taM bhaNNaMti sabbaNDu / - paMcA., gA. 10 (ba) apariccattasahAveNuppAdavvayadhuvattasaMjuttaM / guNavaM ca sapajjAyaM jaM taM davvaMti vuccanti / / - pra. sA., gA. 95 15. sad drvylkssnnm| utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat / guNaparyayavad dravyam / / - ta. sU. 5/29, 30, 38 16. tikkAle jaM saMta vaTTadi uppAdavayadhuvattehiM / guNapajjAyasahAvaM aNAisiddhaM khu taM have davvam / / -na. ca., gA. 36 17. Na bhavo bhaMgavihINo bhaMgo vA Natthi saMbhavavihINo / uppAdo viya bhaMgo Na viNA dhovveNa attheNa / / - pra. sA., gA. 100 tathA TIkA 18. uppAdaTThidibhaMgA vijjaMte pajjaesu pjjaayaa| davve hi saMti NiyaMda tamhA davvaM havadi savvaM / / - vahI, gA. 101 tathA isakI TIkA 19. gunnpryyvddrvym|--t. sUtra 5/38 20. dravyAzrayA nirguNA guNAH / - vahI, 5/41 nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 73 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #76
21. (a) guNa idi davvavihANaM davvavikAro hi pajjavo bhaNido / hi aNUNaM davvaM ajudapasiddhaM have NiccaM / / - sa. si. 5/38 (ba) dravyavidhAnaM hi guNA dravyavikAro'tra paryayo bhaNita: / tairanyUnaM dravyaM nityaM syAdayutasiddhamiti / / anAdyanidhane dravye svaparyAyAH pratikSaNam / unmajjanti nimajjanti jalakallolavajjalaiH / / - ta. vRtti, 5/38, uddhRta 22. guNapajjayado davvaM davvAdo Na guNapajjayA bhiNNA / jamhA tamhA bhaNiyaM davvaM guNapajjayamaNaNNaM / / -na. ca., gA. 41 23. pajjayavijudaM davvaM davvavijuttA ya pajjayA Natthi / dohaM aNaNNabhUdaM bhAvaM samaNA parUveMti / / - paMcA., gA. 12 24. davveNa viNA Na guNA guNehiM davvaM viNA Na saMbhavadi / avvadiritto bhAvo davvaguNANaM havadi tamhA / / - vahI, gAthA 13 25. jIvA poggalakAyA dhammAdhammA ya kAla AyAsaM / taccatthA idi bhaNidA NANAguNapajjae hi saMjuttA / / - ni. sA., gA. 9 26. pRthivyaptejovAyvAkAzakAladigAtmamanAMsi navaiva / - ta. saM., pR. 2 27. sparzanarasanaghrANacakSuH shrotrnni|-t. sU. 2/19 28. (a) paMceviiMdiyapANA manavacakAyesu tiNNi balapANA / ANappANappANA AugapANeNa hoMti dasapANA / - go. jI. gA. 130 (ba) tikkAle cadupANA iMdiya balamAu ANapANo ya / vavahArA so jIvo NiccayaNayado du cedaNA jassa / / -dra. saM., gA. 3 (sa) iMdiyapANoya tadhA balapANo taha ya AupANo ya / AppANappANo jIvANaM hoMti pANA te / / - pra. sA., gA. 146 29. arasamarUvamagaMdhaM avvattaM cedaNAguNamasaddaM / jANa aliMgaggahaNaM jIvamaNidiTTha saMThANaM / / - vahI, gA. 172 30. bha. gItA, a. 2, zlo. 20 31. vAsAMsi jIrNAni yathA vihAya navAni gRhNAti naro'parANi / tathA zarIrANi vihAya jIrNA nyanyAni saMyAti navAni dehI / - vahI, zlo. 22 32. nainaM chindanti zastrANi nainaM dahati pAvakaH / na cainaM kledayantyApo na zoSayati mArutaH / / - vahI, zlo. 231 33. (a) jIvotti havadi cedA uvaoga-visesido pahU kattA / bhottA ya dehamatto Nahi mutto kammasaMjutto / - paMcAsti., gA. 27 (ba) jIvo uvaogamao amuti kattA sadeha - parimANo / bhottA saMsArattho siddho so vissoDDhagaI / / - dra. saM., gA. 2 34. ta. bhA., pR. 33 74 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #77
35. NANI NANaM ca sadA atyaMtarido du annnnmnnnnss| doNhaM acedaNattaM pasajadi sammaM jiNAvamadaM / / Nahi so samavAyAdo. atyaMtariTo daNANado nnaannii| aNNANIti ya vayaNaM egatappasAdhagaM hodi||-pNcaasti., gA. 54/55 36. NANaM appatti madaM vadi NANaM viNA Na appaannN| tamhA NANaM appA appA NANaM va aNNaM vaa||-pr. sA, gA. 27 37. tatra pRthivyAdIni bhUtAni catvAri tattvAni tebhya eva dehAkArapariNatebhyaH kiNvAdibhyo madazaktivat caitnymupjaayte| teSu vinaSTeSu satsu svayaM vinshyti|-s. da., saM. pR. 3 / 38. ve. sA.,-pR. 52-53 39. aNoraNAyAn mahato mahIyAn... |-vahI,-bhUmikA pR. 22 40. saMsAriNo muktaashc|-t. sU. 2/10 41. sNsaarinnstrssthaavraaH|-vhii, 2/12 42. dviindriyaadystrsaaH|-vhii, 2/14 43. pRthivyaptejovAyuvanaspatayaH sthaavraaH|-vhii, 2/13 44. paJcAsti.,-gA. 71 45. vaha zakti jisake dvArA zarIra ko choTA-bar3A Adi kiyA jA sakatA hai| 46. samanaskAmanaskAH |-t. sU. 2/11 47. pUraNAt 'puta' galayatIti 'glH'| zabda kalpadruma,-pR. 503 48. pUrvaM pUryante pazcAt galanti ye te pudglaaH|-t. vRtti, 5/19, pR. 190 49. pUraNa-galana-svabhAvatvAt pudglaaH|-vhii saM. 181 paraNagalanAnvartha-saMjJatvAta pdglaaH|-t. rA. vA. 5/1 vA. 24 50. pUrayanti galayanti iti pudglaaH|-jain si. da., pR. 143 51. sparzarasagandhavarNavantaH pudglaaH|-t. sU. 5/23 52. rUpiNaH pudglaaH|-vhii, 5/5 53. aNavaH skndhaashc|-t. sU., 5/25 54. savvesiM khaMdhANaM jo aMto taM viyANa prmaannuu| so sassado asaddo ekko avibhAgI muttibhvo||-pNcaasti., gA. 84 55. attAdi attamajjhaM attaMtaM Neva iMdiye gijhN| .. avibhAgI jaM davvaM paramANU taM viyaannaahi|-ni. sA., gA. 26 56. Adesamattamutto dhAducadukkassa kAraNaM jodu| so Neo paramANU pariNAmaguNo symsddo|-pNcaasti., gA.. 85 57. aNavaH kAryaliMgA syuH dvisparzAH parimaNDalAH / ____ ekavarNarasAnityAH syuranityAzca paryayaiH ||-t. vR., 5/25, pR. 198 para uddhRta 58. (a) kAraNameva tadantyaM sUkSmA nityazca bhavati paramANuH / ekarasagandhavarNI dvisparzaH kaaryliNgshc|-jain si. daM., pR. 145 para uddhRta nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 75 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #78
(ba) ekarasavaNNagaMdhaM do phAsaM saddakAraNamasadaM / khaMdhaM taridaM davvaM paramANuM taM viyaannehi||-pNcaasti., gA. 88 59. jaina darzana aura Adhunika vijnyaan|-pR. 32 60. vahI,-pR. 35, 36 61. khaMdho paramANu sNgsNghaado|-pNcaasti., gA. 86 62. bAdarabAdara bAdara bAdarasuhamaM ca suhamathUlaM c| suhamaM ca suhamasuhamaM ca dharAdiyaM hodi chaThabheyaM ||-go. jI., gA. 603 63. (a) saddo baMdho suhumo thUlo saMThANa bhedtmchaayaa| ujjodAdavasahiyA puggaladavvassa pjjaayaa|-dr. saM., gA. 16 (ba) zabdabandhasaukSmyasthaulyasaMsthAnabhedatamazchAyAtapodyotavantazca ||-t. sU. 5/24. 64. saddo khaMdhappabhavo khaMdho prmaannusNgsNghaado| puDhesu tesu jAyadi saddo uppAdigo nniydo||-pNcaasti, gA. 86 65. shbdgunnkmaakaashm|-t. saM., pR. 15 66. ta. rA. vA.-5/24 67. ta. sU.,-5/24 68. snigdharUkSatvAdbandhaH-ta. sU. 5/33 69. na jghnygunnaanaam| vahI, 5/34 70. guNasAmye sdRshaanaam| vahI, 5/35 71. vyadhikAdiguNAnAM tu| vahI, 5/36 72. Niddhassa NiddheNa durAhieNa lukkhassa lukkheNa duraahienn|' Niddhassa rukkheNa havejja baMdho jahaNNavajje visame same vaa||-go. jI., gA. 615 73. bandhe'dhikau pAriNAmikau c|-t. sU., 5/37 74. ta. rA. vA,-5/24 75. ta. rA. vA.,-5/25 76. ta. rA. vA.,-5/25 77. vahI,-5/25 78. vahI,-5/25 79. ta. rA. vA.,-5/24 80. vahI 81. vahI 82. zarIravAGmanaHprANApAnAH pudglaanaam|-t. sU., 5/19 83. ta. rA. vA.,-5/17 84. gaIpariNayANa dhammo, puggalajIvANa gmnnshyaarii| toyaM jaha macchANaM acchaMtA Neva so nnei||-dr. saM., 17 85. dhammatthikAyamarasaM avaNNagaMdhaM asddmpphaasN| logAgADhaM puDheM pihulamasakhA diyapadesaM / / 76 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #79
udagaM jaha macchANaM gamaNANaggahakaraM havadi loe| taha jIvapoggalANaM dhammaM davvaM viyaannehi|-pNcaasti., gA. 90, 92 86. ThANajudANa adhammo, puggalajIvANa tthaannshyaarii| chAyA jaha pahiyANaM gacchaMtA Neva so dharai ||-dr. saM., gA. 18 87. jaha havadi dhammadavvaM taha taM jANeha dvvmdhmmkkhN| ThidikiriyAjuttANaM kAraNabhUdaM tu puddhviiv||-pNcaasti., gA. 93 88. prAcyAdivyavahAraheturdik / sA caikA, nityA, vibhvI c|-t. saM., pR. 17 89. savvesiM jIvANaM sesANaM taha yA puggalANaM c| jaM dedi vivaramakhilaM taM loge havadi aagaasN||-pNcaasti., gA. 90 90. AkAzAnte'tra dravyANi svayamAkazate'tha vaa| dravyANAmavakAzaM vA krotyaakaashmstytH||-t. sAra, 3/37 91. A samantAta loke aloke ca kAzate tiSThati aakaashH|-t., vatti. 5/9 92. aakaashsyaavgaahH|-t. sU., 5/18 93. avagAhinAM dharmAdharmapudgalajIvAnAmavagAha aakaashsyopkaarH|-t. bhASya, 5/18 94. jIvAnAM pudgalAnAM ca kaalsyaadhrmdhrmyoH| avagAhanahetutvaM tadidaM prtipdyte||-t. sAra, 3/38 95. jeNhaM logAgAsaM, allogaagaasmididuvihN|-dr. saM. gA. 19 96. dhammAdhammA kAlo, puggalajIvA ya saMti jaavdiye|-dr.sN.,, gA. 20 97. lokyante vilokyante dharmAdayAH padArthAH yasminniti lokaH, lokasya sambandho AkAzo lokaakaasho| loka: luka dhAtoH adhikaraNaM ghny|-t. vRtti, 5/12 98. jIvA poggalakAyA dhammAdhammA ya loga donnnnnnaa| __tatto aNaNNamaNNaM AyAsaM aMtavadirittaM ||-pNcaasti., gA. 98 99. AgAsaM avagAsaM gamaNaTThidi kAraNehiM dedi jdi| uDDhe gadippadhANA siddhA ciTThanti kidha ttth||-vhii, 99 100. jamhA upariTThANaM siddhANaM jiNavarehiM pnnnnttN| tamhA gamaNaTThANaM AyAse jANa Natthi tti||-vhii, gA. 100 101. jadi havadi gamaNahetuM AgAsaM ThANa kAraNaM tesiN| pasajadi alogahANI logassa ya aNtprivuddddhii||-vhii, gA. 101 - 102. tamhA dhammAdhammA gamaNaTThidi kAraNANi nnaagaasN| idi jiNavarehiM bhaNidaM logasahAvaM sunnNtaannN||-vhii, gA. 102 * 102A. shbdgunnkmaakaashm|-t. saM., pR. 15 . 103. taccaika, vibhuH, nityaM c| vahI, pR. 15 - 104. sAM. kA.,-kA. 22 104A. praacyaadivyvhaarheturdik|-t. saM., pR. 17 105. jIvAdIdavvANaM parivaTTaNakAraNaM have kaalo| ni. sA., gA. 33 106. kalayati vartayati dravyANi iti kaalH| kalyate jJAyate nizcIyate saMkhyAyate samayAdibhiH paryAyaiH mukhyaH kAlo nirNIyate yaH saH kaalH|-t. vR. 5/39 nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 77 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #80
107. vattaNahedU kAlo vattaNaguNamaviya dvvnnicyesu| kAlAdhAreNeva ya vaTaMti hu savva davvANi ||-go. jI., gA. 568. 108. Na ya pariNamadi sayaM so Na ya pariNAmei annnnmnnnnehi| vivihapariNAmiyANaM havadi hu kAlo sayaM hedu||-vhii, gA. 570 109. davvaparivaTTarUvo, jo so kAlo havei vvhaaro| pariNAmAdIlakkho, vaTTaNalakkho ya prmttttho|| dra. saM., gA. 21 110. loyAyAsapadese ikkekke je ThiyA hu ikkekkaa| rayaNANaM rAsImiva, te kAlANU asNkhdvvaann||-vhii, gA. 22 111. so'nNtsmyH| ta. sU., 5/40 112. vartanApariNAmakriyAH paratvAparatve ca kaalsy|-t. sU., 5/22 113. pratidravyaparyAyamantanItaikasamaya svsttaanubhuutirvrtnaa|-t. rA. vA., 5/22 vA. 4 114. vartante padArthAH, teSAM vartayitA kaalH|-s. ta. sU., 5/22 115. svayameva vartamAnAH padArthAH vartante yathA sA kAlAdhyA prayojikA vRttiH vrtnaa| vahI, 5/22 116. vRterNijantAtkarmaNi bhAve vA yuTi strIliMge vartaneti bhvti| vaya'te vartanamAtram vA vartanA iti / vartate vartanA iti karmaNi vigrahaH / vartanaM vartanA itibhAve vigrhH|-s. si. 5/22 117. sa. si., 5/22, pR. 292 118. atItAdivyavahArahetuH kaalH| sacaiko vibhurnityshc|-t. saM., pR. 15 119. nityaavsthitaanyruupaanni|-t. sU. 5/4 120, rUpiNaH pudglaaH| vahI, 5/5 121. A aakaashaadekdrvyaanni| vahI, 5/6 122. niSkriyANi c| vahI, 517 123. saMti jado teNede atthIti bhaNaMti jiNavarA jmhaa| . kAyA iva bahudesA, tamhA kAyA ya atthikAyA y||-dr. saM., gA. 24 124. loyAyAsapadese, ikkekke je ThiyA hu ikkekkaa| rayaNANaM rAsImiva te kAlANu asaMkha dvvaanni||-vhii, gA. 22 125. jAvadiyaM AyAsaM, avibhAgI-puggalANu vtttthdN|| taM khu padesaM jANe, savvANuTThANa dANarihaM / / vahI saM. gA. 27 126. asaMkhyeyA pradezA dhrmaadhrmaikjiivaanaam|-t. sU., 5/8 127. aakaashsyaanntaaH| vahI, 5/9 128. saMkhyeyA'saMkhyeyAzca pudglaanaam| vahI, 5/10 129. hoti asaMkhA jIve, dhammAdhamme aNaMta aayaase| mutte tiviha padesA, kAlassego Na teNa so kaao||-dr. saM., gA. 25 130. naannoH|-t. sU., 5/11 131. lokaakaashe'vgaahH|-t. sU., 5/12 132. dharmAdharmayoH kRtsne| vahI, 5/13 133. ekapradezAdiSu bhAjya: pudglaanaam| vahI, 5/14 78 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #81
134. sogADhagADhaNicidopuggalakAyehiM savvado logo| suhumehi bAdarehi ya appAoggehiM joggehiM ||-pr. sA., gA. 168 135. asaMkhyeyabhAgAdiSu jiivaanaam|-t. sU., 5/15 136. mUlasarIramachaMDiya uttaradehassa jiivpiNddss| NiggamaNaM dehAdo hodi samugghAdaNAmaM t||-go. jI., gA. 668 137. pradeza saMhAravisarpAbhyAM prdiipvt|-t. sU., 5/16 138. aNNoNNaM pavisaMtA ditA ogaasmnnnnmnnnnss| melaMtA viya NiccaM saga sabhAvaM Na vijahaMti ||-pNcaasti., gA. 7 139. dravyAzrayAH nirguNAH gunnaaH|-t. sU., 5/41 140. davveNa viNA Na guNA guNehiM davvaM viNA Na sNbhvdi| avvadiritto bhAvo davvaguNANaM havadi tmhaa||-pNcaasti., gA. 13 141. davvANaM sahabhUdA sAmaNNavisesado guNA nneyaa| savvesiM sAmaNNA dahabhaNiyA solasa visesaa||-n. ca., gA. 11 142. guNasamudAyo drvym|-ci. vi., pR. 3 143. dravyAzrayA guNAH syurvizeSamAtrAstu nirvishessaashc|-pN. dha., zloka 104 144. sahabhuvaH gunnaaH|-aa. pa.,-sU. 92 145. anvayino gunnaaH|-s. si., 5/13 146. tadvAkyAntarametadyathA guNAH sahabhuvo'pi caanvyinH| arthAzcaikArthatvAdarthAdekArthavAcakAH sarve ||-pN. dha., zloka 13 147. saha sArdhaM ca samaM vA tatra bhavantIti sahabhuvaH proktaaH| ayamartho yugapatte santi na paryAyavat kramAtmAnaH ||-vhii, zloka 139 148. guNAH sahabhAvino jIvasya jnyaanaadyH|-si. vi. TIkA, pR. 213 149. paM. dha. zloka 142-144 150. paM. dha. zloka 150 151. paM. dha, zloka 159 152. guNa idi davvavihANa-|-sa. si., pR. 309 para uddhRta 154. guNyate pRthak kriyate dravyaM dravyA yaiste gunnaaH|-aa. pa., sU. 93 154. guNA vistaarvishessaaH|-pr. sA., gA. 95 kI TIkA 155. pa. dha., zloka 160-161 156. A. pa., sUtra 9 157. pra. sA., gA. 95 kI ttiikaa| 158. na. ca., gA. 16 * 159. A. pa., sUtra 11 160. pratyekamaSTau srvessaam|-aa. pa., sUtra 10 161. pratyekaM jIvapudgalayoH SaT |-vhii, sUtra 12 162. etareSAM-dharmAdharmAkAzapudgalAnAM pratyekaM tryogunnaaH|-vhii, sU. 13 nayavAda kI pRSThabhUmi :: 79 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #82
163. ekkekke aTThaTThA sAmaNNAhuti svvdvvaann|| chajjIvapoggalANaM iyarANaM visesa titibheyaa||-n. ca., gA. 15 164. paribhedameti gacchati iti pryaayH|-dh. pu. 1, pR. 84 165. parisamantAdAyaH pryaayH|-aa. pa., pR. 19 / 166. svabhAvavibhAvaparyAya rUpatayA parisamantAt parigacchanti pariprApnuvanti ye te pryaayaaH| ta. vR. 5/38 167. svabhAvavibhAvarUpatayA yAti paryeti pariNamatIti pryaayH|-aa. pa., sU. 105 168. kramavartino hyanityA atha ca vyatirekiNazca pryaayaaH| utpAdavyayarUpA api ca dhrauvyAtmakAH kathaMcicca ||-pN. dha., zloka 165 169. pra. sA., gAthA 93 kI TIkA tathA paMcAsti., gA. 16 kI TIkA .. 170. pajjAo duviyappo saparAvekkho ya nnirvekkho|-ni. sA., gA. 14-15 171. paMcAsti., gA. 16 kI TIkA 172. asadakaraNAdupAdAnagrahaNAt srvsmbhvaa'bhaavaat| zaktasyazakyakaraNAt kAraNabhAvAcca stkaarym||-saaN. kA. 9 173. jadi davve pajjAyA vi vijjamAgA tirohidA sNti| tA uppattI vihalA paDipihide devadatte vv||-kaa. a., gA. 243 174. savvANa pajjayANaM avijjamANANa hodi uppttii| kAlAI-laddhIe aNAi-NihaNammi dvvmmi| vahI, gA. 244 175. davvANa pajjayANaM dhamma-vivakkhAe kIrae bheo| vatthu-sarUveNa puNo Na hi bhedo sakkde kaauN||-vhii, gA. 245 176. jadi savvameva NANaM NANA rUvehi saMThidaM ekkN| to Na vi kiM pi viNeyaM NeyeNa viNA kahaM NANaM / / -kA. a., gA. 247 177. kA. a., gA.-250-251 80 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #83
tattvAdhigama ke upAya jainadarzana meM tattvAdhigama arthAt vastusvarUpa ko samajhane ke lie pramANa, naya, nikSepa Adi upAya batAye gaye haiN| inake dvArA hI vastusvarUpa kA ThIka-ThIka parijJAna hotA hai| AcArya umAsvAmI ne sarvaprathama pramANa aura naya ke dvArA vastusvarUpa ke parijJAna kA nirdeza kiyA hai| bhaTTa akalaMka deva ne kahA hai-'AtmA Adi padArthoM kA jJAna hI pramANa hai| unako jAnane kA upAya nikSepa hai tathA jJAtA arthAt jAnane vAle ke abhiprAya kA nAma naya hai| ataH ina pramANa, naya aura nikSeparUpa yuktiyoM se hI padArtha kA bodha hotA hai|" AcArya yativRSabha ne bhI yahI bhAva abhivyakta kiyA hai| AcArya vIrasena svAmI ne pramANa, naya aura nikSepa kI sArthakatA prakaTa karate hue dhavalA TIkA prathama pustaka meM uddharaNa diyA hai-'jisa padArtha kA pratyakSAdi pramANoM dvArA, naigamAdi nayoM dvArA aura nAmAdi nikSepoM dvArA sUkSmadRSTi se vicAra nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, vaha padArtha kabhI yukta (saMgata) hote hue bhI ayukta (asaMgata) sA pratIta hotA hai aura kabhI ayukta hote hue bhI yukta-sA pratIta hotA hai| ata: pramANa, naya aura nikSepa ke dvArA padArtha kA nirNaya karanA caahie| - AcArya yativRSabha tathA jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne bhI yahI kahA hai-'jo vyakti pramANa, naya aura nikSepa se padArtha kI ThIka-ThIka samIkSA nahIM karatA use ayukta padArtha bhI yukta aura yukta padArtha bhI ayukta hI pratibhAsita hotA hai|' - zrI mAilla dhavala ne nikSepAdi ke jAnane kA prayojana batalAte hue kahA hai'jo nikSepa, naya aura pramANa ko jAnakara tattva kI bhAvanA karate haiM ve vAstavika tattva ke mArga meM saMlagna hokara vAstavika tattva ko prApta karate haiN|' 'yadi Apa guNa, paryAya, lakSaNa, svabhAva, nikSepa, naya aura pramANa ko bheda tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 81 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #84
sahita jAnate haiM to dravya ke svabhAva ko samajhate haiM / arthAt dravya ke svabhAva ko samajhane ke lie guNa, paryAya, nikSepAdi kA jAnanA Avazyaka hai|" isa prakAra ina pramANAdi ko samajhe binA hameM vastusvarUpa kA sahI jJAna nahIM ho sakatA / ataH inakA kramabaddha vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| pramANa (1) pramANa kA sAmAnya lakSaNa - jisake dvArA padArthoM kA yathArtha jJAna ho use pramANa kahate haiN| jJAna yathArtha aura ayathArtha donoM prakAra kA hotA hai / samyak nirNAyaka jJAna yathArtha hotA hai aura saMzaya, viparyaya Adi jJAna ayathArtha / pramANa se kevala yathArtha jJAna hotA hai / vastu kA saMzaya, viparyaya Adi se rahita jo nizcita jJAna hotA hai, vaha pramANa hai / yaha pramANa kA vyutpattilabhya sAmAnya artha hai| isI vyutpatti kA Azraya lekara sabhI bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne pramA ke karaNa arthAt sAdhakatama kAraNa ko pramANa kahA hai|deg pramANa zabda 'pra' upasarga pUrvaka 'mA' dhAtu ke karaNa meM lyuT pratyaya karane para siddha hotA hai / ataeva pramA kA karaNa arthAt sAdhana pramANa kahalAtA hai| jo vastu jaisI hai usako vaisA hI jAnanA pramA hai| athavA yathArtha jJAna ko pramA" kahate haiN| karaNa kA artha hai sAdhakatama / jo jisa kArya kA sAdhakatama arthAt atizayena sAdhaka yA prakRSTa upakAraka yA kAraNa ho vaha usa kArya kA karaNa hotA hai" / eka kArya kI siddhi meM aneka sahayogI hote haiM, kintu ve sabhI karaNa nahIM khlaate| phalakI siddhi meM jisakA vyApAra atyanta rUpa se sAdhaka, prakRSTa upakAraka hotA hai, vaha karaNa kahalAtA hai| kalama se likhane meM hAtha aura kalama donoM calate haiM, kintu karaNa kalama hI hogaa| kyoMki likhane kA nikaTatama sambandha kalama se hai, hAtha se usake bAda / isalie hAtha sAdhaka aura kalama sAdhakatama hai| (2) pramA kI karaNatA - pramANa ke isa sAmAnya lakSaNa meM kisI ko bhI vivAda nahIM hai| vivAda hai to kevala pramA ke karaNa ke viSaya meM / bauddha sArUpya (tadAkAratA) aura yogyatA ko pramA kA karaNa mAnate haiN| naiyAyika-vaizeSika indriya, indriyArtha sannikarSa aura jJAna ko karaNa mAnate hai / sAMkhya indriya vRtti ko karaNa ke sthAna meM rakhate haiM / prabhAkara jJAtA ke vyApAra ko karaNa mAnatA hai to mImAMsaka indriya ko| aisI sthiti meM jaina kevala jJAna ko hI pramA kA karaNa mAnate haiM / jainadarzana kI mAnyatA hai ki jAnanA yA pramArUpa kriyA cetana hai aura cetana kriyA meM sAdhakatama kAraNa koI acetana nahIM ho sakatA, ataH avyavahita rUpa se pramA kA janaka jJAna hI karaNa ho sakatA hai / nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM pratyakSa pramA 82 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #85
ke tIna karaNa mAne gaye haiM-indriya, indriyArtha sannikarSa aura jJAna / kintu indriya aura indriyArtha ko pratyakSa pramA kA karaNa mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki indriya aura sannikarSa svayaM acetana tathA ajJAna rUpa haiM ataH ve ajJAna kI nivRttirUpa pramA ke karaNa kaise ho sakate haiM ? ajJAna-nivRtti kA virodhI jJAna hI karaNa ho sakatA hai| jaise ki andhakAra kI nivRtti meM andhakAra kA virodhI prakAza hI mukhya karaNa hotA hai| pramiti yA pramA ajJAna-nivRtti rUpa hotI hai ataH isa ajJAna-nivRtti meM ajJAna ke virodhI jJAna ko hI karaNa mAnanA ucita hai| ___(3) jainadarzana-sammata pramANa-lakSaNa-pramANa ke lakSaNa kSetra meM pramANa lakSaNa kI aneka dhArAe~ bahIM, taba jainadarzanikoM ko bhI pramANa kI svamantavyapoSaka eka paribhASA nizcita karanI pdd'ii| sarvaprathama AcArya samantabhadra ne 'sva' aura 'para' ko prakAzita karane vAle jJAna ko pramANa kahA hai| AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne bhI svAmI samantabhadra ke isa pramANa-lakSaNa meM 'bAdhavivarjita' pada jor3akara svaparAvabhAsaka avAdhita jJAna ko pramANa mAnA hai| AcArya samantabhadra aura A. siddhasena ke uttaravartI pUjyapAda svAmI ne bhI jo acchI taraha mAna karatA hai, jisake dvArA acchI taraha mAna kiyA jAtA hai yA pramiti mAtra hai, vaha pramANa hai|' isaprakAra pramANa zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue svaparAvabhAsaka jJAna ko hI pramANa kahA hai aura indriya, indriyArtha-sannikarSa tathA mAtra jJAna ko pramiti kA karaNa (pramANa) mAnane meM doSa pradarzita kiye haiN| isake bAda jaina nyAya ke pratiSThApaka tArkika vidvAn akalaMkadeva ne pramANa lakSaNa meM vyavasAyAtmaka pada jor3akara apane aura artha ko grahaNa karane vAle vyavasAyAtmaka (nizcayAtmaka) jJAna ko pramANa kahA hai|" unhoMne hI puna: anadhigatArthagrAhI avisaMvAdi jJAna ko pramANa batalAyA hai| akalaMkadeva ke uttaravartI AcArya mANikyanandI ne 'sva aura apUrva artha arthAt jo kisI anya pramANa se nahIM jAnA gayA hai, ke nizcaya karane vAle jJAna ko pramANa kahA hai| AcArya mANikyanandI ke pramANa lakSaNa para AcArya samantabhadra, siddhasena tathA akalaMkadeva kA spaSTa prabhAva pratIta hotA hai| kyoMki inhoMne apane pramANa-lakSaNa dvArA AcArya samantabhadra aura siddhasena dvArA sthApita tathA akalaMkadeva dvArA vikasita pramANa-lakSaNa kA samarthana kiyA hai| inhoMne apane sUtra-grantha 'parIkSAmukha' kI racanA ina tInoM AcAryoM ke dArzanika prakaraNoM kA manthana karake hI kI hai| uttarakAlIna AcAryoM ne bhI prAyaH pramANa ke inhIM lakSaNoM ko apanAyA hai| tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 83 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #86
yahI sthiti zvetAmbara AcArya vAdideva sUri kI hai| inhoMne bhI apane sUtragrantha 'pramANa-naya-tattvAloka' kI racanA AcArya mANikyanandI ke sUtra grantha 'parIkSAmukha' ko sAmane rakhakara kI hai| AcArya vAdideva sUri ne sva aura para ko nizcita rUpa se jAnane vAle jJAna ko pramANa kahA hai| isa lakSaNa meM 'sva' kA artha hai jJAna aura 'para' kA artha hai jJAna se bhinna padArtha / tAtparya yaha hai ki vahI jJAna pramANa mAnA jAtA hai jo apane Apako aura apane se bhinna dUsare padArthoM ko bhI yathArtha tathA nizcitarUpa se jaane| AcArya vidyAnandi ne samyagjJAna ko pramANa batalAkara bAda meM svArtha vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna ko samyagjJAna batalAyA hai| inhoMne pramANa ke lakSaNa meM anadhigata yA apUrva vizeSaNa nahIM diyA hai, kyoMki inake anusAra jJAna cAhe apUrva (agRhIta) artha ko jAne yA gRhIta artha ko, vaha 'sva' aura 'para' kA nizcaya karane vAlA hone se hI pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| sanmati TIkAkAra abhayadeva sUri AcArya vidyAnandi kI taraha svArtha vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna ko hI pramANa kahate haiN| para-vyavasAyAtmaka ke sthAna para 'nirNIta' pada kA prayoga karate haiN| AcArya hemacandra ne artha ke samyak nirNaya ko pramANa kahA hai| __ AcArya dharmabhUSaNa ne apane 'nyAyadIpikA' grantha meM AcArya vidyAnandi ke dvArA svIkRta samyagjJAnatva rUpa pramANa ke sAmAnya lakSaNa ko hI apanAyA hai aura use apanI pUrvaparamparAnusAra savikalpaka, agRhIta-grAhI evaM svArtha vyavasAyAtmaka siddha kiyA hai tathA dharmakIrti, prabhAkara bhaTTa aura naiyAyikoM ke pramANa-lakSaNoM kI AlocanA kI hai| isa prakAra AcArya samantabhadra, siddhasena divAkara aura akalaMka deva kA pramANa sAmAnya lakSaNa hI uttaravartI jaina tArkikoM ke lie AdhAra huA hai| prAyaH uttaravartI sabhI AcAryoM ne isI AcAryatrayI kI pramANa lakSaNa sambandhI vicAradhArA ko apanAkara apane-apane pramANa-lakSaNoM kA pariSkAra kiyA hai| (4) pramANa kI pramANatA-jo padArtha jaisA hai, usako usI rUpa meM jAnanA jJAna kI pramANatA hai aura anya rUpa meM jAnanA apramANatA hai| pramANatA aura apramANatA kA yaha bheda bAhya padArthoM kI apekSA samajhanA caahie| pratyeka jJAna apane svarUpa ko vAstavika hI jAnatA hai| ataH sva-rUpa kI apekSA sabhI jJAna pramANa hote haiN| bAhya padArthoM kI apekSA koI jJAna pramANa hotA hai aura koI aprmaann| pramANatA kI utpatti unhIM kAraNoM se hotI hai jina kAraNoM se pramANa utpanna hotA hai| apramANatA bhI isI taraha apramANa ke kAraNoM se hI paidA hotI hai| 84 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #87
pramANa kI isa pramANatA aura apramANatA ke viSaya meM prAyaH sabhI dArzanikoM meM matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| mImAMsaka kumArila bhaTTa jJAna kI pramANatA ko svataH aura apramANatA ko parataH mAnate haiN| isa prakAra ve svataH prAmANyavAdI haiN| unakA kahanA hai-'pramANa kI artha ko jAnane rUpa zakti ko athavA artha ko jAnane rUpa kriyA ko prAmANya kahate haiN|' yaha prAmANya-jJAna, jJAna-mAtra ko utpanna karane vAlI sAmagrI se hI utpanna hotA hai| usake lie usa sAmagrI ke atirikta anya kisI kI AvazyakatA nahIM pdd'tii| isI kA nAma svataH prAmANya hai arthAt jahA~ jJAna tathA tadgata prAmANya donoM kA grahaNa eka hI sAmagrI se ho jAtA hai, use svataH prAmANya kahA jAtA hai|" athavA artha ko jyoM kA tyoM jAna lene kI zakti kA nAma prAmANya hai| yaha zakti padArthoM meM svata: hI prakaTa hotI hai| vaha utpAdaka kAraNoM ke adhIna nahIM hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki saba pramANoM kA prAmANya svataH hI hotA hai, kyoMki jo zakti svayaM avidyamAna hai use koI dUsarA utpanna nahIM kara sakatA isake viparIta jJAnagrAhaka aura pramANyagrAhaka sAmagrI alaga-alaga hone para parataH prAmANya hotA hai| mImAMsaka mata meM jJAna aura prAmANya donoM kI grAhaka eka hI sAmagrI 'jJAtatAnyathAnupapattiprasUtA arthApatti' hai| unakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki ayaM ghaTaH' isa jJAna se ghaTa meM eka 'jJAtatA' nAmaka dharma utpanna hotA hai| yaha dharma 'ayaM ghaTaH' isa jJAna ke hone se pahale nahIM thaa| isa jJAna ke bAda utpanna huA hai| isalie yaha 'ayaM ghaTa:' isa jJAna se janya hai| arthAt usakA kAraNa jJAna hai| isa 'jJAtatA' dharma kI pratIti 'jJAto mayA ghaTaH' isa jJAna meM hotI hai| yaha 'jJAtatA' dharma apane kAraNa jJAna ke binA utpanna nahIM ho sakatA hai| isalie 'jJAtatA' kI 'anyathAnupapatti se prasUtA arthApatti' hI isa jJAtatA dharma kI grAhikA hai aura jaba jJAtatAnyathAnupapatti prasUtA arthApatti se jJAna kA grahaNa hotA hai, taba usa jJAna meM rahane vAle prAmANya kA grahaNa bhI usI arthApatti se ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra jJAnagrAhaka aura prAmANyagrAhaka sAmagrI samAna hone se svataH prAmANya hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana prAmANya aura aprAmANya donoM ko parata: mAnate haiN| ataH ye parataH prAmANyavAdI haiN| nyAya ke parataH prAmANyavAda meM jJAna aura prAmANya donoM kI grAhaka sAmagrI alaga-alaga hai| jJAnagrAhaka sAmagrI to anuvyavasAya hai aura prAmANya yA aprAmANya kI grAhaka sAmagrI pravRtti kA sAphalya yA vaiphalyamUlaka anumAna hai| sAMkhya aura yoga prAmANya va aprAmANya donoM ko svataH mAnate haiN| bauddhadarzana meM prAmANya aura aprAmANya ke svato grAhyatva aura parato grAhyatva tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 85 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #88
ke sambandha meM do prakAra kI mAnyatAe~ pracalita haiN| aneka bauddha vidvAn aprAmANya ko svataH aura prAmANya ko parata: mAnate haiN| unake anusAra koI bhI jJAna taba taka apramANa hI samajhA jAtA hai jaba taka usase prerita manuSya jJAta artha ko prApta nahIM kara letaa| jJAna pramANa tabhI samajhA jAtA hai jaba vaha artha kA prApaka ho jAtA hai| . isa mata kA saMketa mAdhavAcArya ke 'sarvadarzana saMgraha' meM kiyA gayA hai| parantu AcArya zAntarakSita Adi bauddha vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA isase viparIta hai| ve abhyAsa-dazApanna jJAna meM prAmANya aura apramANya donoM ko svataH aura anabhyAsa-dazApanna jJAna meM donoM ko parataH mAnate haiN| 'tattva saMgraha' meM isa mata kA aniyama pakSa ke rUpa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai|" jainadarzana meM prAmANya aura aprAmANya donoM kI utpatti to parataH tathA jJapti abhyAsa dazA meM svataH aura anabhyAsa dazA meM parata: mAnI gayI hai| ___jina kAraNoM se jJAna kI utpatti hotI hai una kAraNoM ke atirikta dUsare kAraNoM se pramANatA kA utpanna honA parata: utpatti kahalAtI hai| jina kAraNoM se jJAna kA nizcaya hotA hai, unhIM kAraNoM se pramANatA kA nizcaya honA svataH jJapti' kahalAtI hai aura dUsare kAraNoM se nizcaya honA 'parataH jJapti' kahalAtI hai| paricita avasthA ko abhyAsa dazA aura aparicita avasthA ko anabhyAsa dazA kahate haiN| hama apane gA~va ke jalAzaya, nadI, bAvar3I Adi se paricita haiN| ataH unakI ora jAne para jo jalajJAna utpanna hotA hai usakI pramANatA to svataH hI hotI hai; kintu anya aparicita grAmAdika meM jAne para 'yahA~ jala honA cAhie' isa prakAra jo jalajJAna hogA, vaha zItala vAyu ke sparza se, kamaloM kI sugandhi se yA pAnI bharakara AtI huI panahArinoM ke dekhane Adi paranimittoM se hI hogaa| ataH usa jalajJAna kI pramANatA anabhyAsa dazA meM parata: mAnI jaaegii| tAtparya yaha hai ki viSaya kI paricita dazA meM jJAna kI svataH prAmANikatA hotI hai| isameM prathama jJAna kI saccAI jAnane ki lie vizeSa kAraNoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| jaise koI vyakti apane mitra ke ghara kaI bAra gayA huA hai| usase bhalI-bhA~ti paricita hai| vaha mitra-gRha ko dekhate hI niHsandeha usameM praviSTa ho jAtA hai| yaha mere mitra kA ghara hai' aisA jJAna hone ke samaya hI usa jJAnagata saccAI kA nizcaya nahIM hotA to vaha usa ghara meM praviSTa nahIM hotaa| viSaya kI aparicita dazA meM prAmANya kA nizcaya parata: hotA hai| jJAna kI kAraNa sAmagrI se jaba usakI saccAI kA patA nahIM lagatA taba vizeSa kAraNoM kI sahAyatA se usakI prAmANikatA jAnI jAtI hai, yahI parataH prAmANya hai| pahale sune hue cihnoM ke AdhAra para apane mitra ke ghara ke pAsa pahu~ca jAtA hai, phira bhI use 86 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #89
yaha sandeha ho sakatA hai ki yaha ghara mere mitra kA hai yA kisI dUsare kA? usa samaya kisI jAnakAra vyakti se pUchane para prathama jJAna kI saccAI mAlUma ho jAtI hai| yahA~ jJAna kI saccAI kA patA dUsare kI sahAyatA se lagA, isalie yaha parataH prAmANya (5) pramANa ke bheda-pramANa ke bheda yA saMkhyA ke viSaya meM bhI darzanoM meM matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| ina vibhinna darzanoM meM eka se lekara ATha taka pramANa ke bheda mAne gaye haiN| vibhinna darzanoM dvArA mAnya pramANabheda eka pramANavAdI cArvAka sampradAya kevala eka pratyakSa pramANa hI mAnatA hai| isIlie vaha paraloka Adi kA niSedha karatA hai| dvipramANavAdI bauddha tathA vaizeSika pratyakSa aura anumAna-do pramANa mAnate haiN| tripramANavAdI sAMkhya aura yoga pratyakSa, anumAna tathA Agama (zabda)-ina tIna pramANoM ko mAnate haiN| catuHpramANavAdI naiyAyika pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama aura upamAna-ina cAra pramANoM ko mAnate haiN| ____paMca pramANavAdI prabhAkara-mImAMsaka pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama, upamAna aura arthApatti--ina pA~ca pramANoM ko mAnate haiN| SaT pramANavAdI kumArila bhaTTa-mImAMsaka tathA vedAntI pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama, upamAna, arthApatti aura abhAva ina chaha pramANoM ko mAnate haiN| aSTa pramANavAdI paurANika sampradAya pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama, upamAna, arthApatti, abhAva, sambhava aura aitihya-ina ATha pramANoM ko mAnatA hai|' jainadarzana sammata pramANabheda jainadarzana meM AcArya umAsvAmI ne samyagjJAna ko pramANa batalAte hue pramANa ke do bheda kiye haiN| 1. pratyakSa aura 2. prokss| jainadarzana kA yaha pramANa-bheda unakI apanI vizeSa sUjha hai| pramANa ke ina pratyakSa aura parokSa do bhedoM meM hI uparinirdiSTa anya darzanoM dvArA mAnya vibhinna pramANa-bhedoM kA antarbhAva bar3I sugamatA se kiyA jA sakatA hai| upayogitA kI dRSTi se pratyeka vastu ke bheda kiye jAte haiM, kintu bheda utane hI hone cAhie jitane apanA svarupa svatantra rUpa se asaMkIrNa rakha skeN| mahAn dArzanika AcArya samantabhadra ne samyagjJAna rUpa pramANa ke anya prakAra se bhI do bheda kiye hai-1.akramabhAvi, 2. krmbhaavi| kevalajJAna yA Apta jJAna tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 87 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #90
akramabhAvI hai| aura zeSa mati, zruta, avadhi aura mana:paryaya ye cAra krama - bhAvi haiM 35 Apta jJAna akramabhAvi hai aura hama chadmasthoM kA pramANa jJAna kramabhAvI hai| vibhinna darzanoM dvArA mAnya pratyakSa - parokSa lakSaNa tara dArzanikoM ne pratyakSa kA lakSaNa aneka prakAra se kiyA hai| nyAya vaizeSika darzana indriya aura artha ke sannikarSa se utpanna jJAna ko pratyakSa kahatA hai / sAMkhya darzana bhI zrotrAdi indriyoM kI vRtti ko athavA ghaTa paTa Adi padArthoM meM cakSu, zrotrAdi indriyoM ke sannikarSa se utpanna buddhi ke vyApAra ko pratyakSa mAnatA hai| 7 mImAMsA darzana indriyoM kA AtmA ke sAtha sambandha hone para utpanna hone vAlI buddhako pratyakSa mAnatA hai / bauddha darzana ke AcArya vasubandhu, diGnAga tathA dharmakIrti Adi ne nAma, jAti Adi kalpanA se rahita nirvikalpaka tathA bhrAntirahita jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnA 18 prAyaH sabhI bauddha dArzanika vidvAnoM ne nirvikalpaka jJAna ko hI pratyakSa svIkAra kiyA hai| nyAyadarzana meM pratyakSa jJAna ke do bheda kie gaye haiM - eka savikalpaka aura dUsarA nirvikalpaka / jisameM vastu ke svarUpa kI pratIti ke sAtha usake nAma, jAti Adi kA bhI bhAna hotA hai usako savikalpaka kahate haiM / jaise ghaTa, paTa Adi kI pratIti ke sAtha unake nAma, jAti Adi kA bhI bhAna (jJAna) hotA hai / sAdhAraNataH vyavahAra meM Ane vAle sabhI jJAna savikalpaka ke udAharaNa haiN| parantu jahA~ kevala vastu kA svarUpa pratIta hotA hai usake nAma, jAti Adi kI pratIti nahIM hotI hai arthAt jisameM vizeSya-vizeSaNa bhAva Adi kI pratIti na ho, mAtra sAmAnyAvalokana ho usako nirvikalpaka kahate haiM / isI ko 'Alocana mAtra' bhI kahA gayA hai / " jJAna kI utpatti prakriyA meM sarvaprathama isa prakAra kA vastumAtrAvagAhi jJAna utpanna hotA haiM isako bauddha aura jainadarzana donoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| jainadarzana, jo nirvikalpaka ko pratyakSa nahIM mAnatA hai, vaha bhI isa prakAra ke jJAna kA astitva to svIkAra karatA hai aura isako 'darzana' nAma se vyavahRta karatA hai aura isa 'darzana' ko parokSa bhI mAnatA hai, kyoMki usane parokSa 'matijJAna' ko bhI sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahA hai, jisakA svarUpa Age kahA jaaegaa| jainadarzana meM AtmA ke caitanya guNa se sambandha rakhane vAle pariNAma - vizeSa ko upayoga kahA gayA hai| upayoga jIva kA tadbhUta lakSaNa hai / 12 yaha upayoga do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai - jJAnopayoga aura darzanopayoga jJAnopayoga padArtha ko vikalpa sahita jAnatA hai aura darzanopayoga yA darzana padArtha ko vikalpa rahita jAnatA hai| 88 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #91
jJAna ko sAkAra aura darzana ko nirAkAra bhI kahA gayA hai| 'darzana' kA spaSTa vivecana karate hue jainAgamoM meM kahA gayA hai ki sAmAnya - vizeSAtmaka padArtha ke vizeSa aMza kA grahaNa na karake kevala sAmAnya aMza kA jo nirvikalpaka rUpa se grahaNa hotA hai use darzana kahate haiN|" arthAt nirvikalpaka rUpa se jIva ke dvArA jo sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka padArthoM kI sva- para sattA kA avabhAsana hotA hai use 'darzana' kahate haiM 45 tAtparya yaha hai ki padArthoM meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM hI dharma eka sAtha rahate haiM, kintu sAmAnya dharma kI apekSA se jo sva- para sattA kA avabhAsana hotA hai usako darzana kahate haiM / isakA zabdoM dvArA pratipAdana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| darzana padArthoM kA AkAra rahita sAmAnya rUpa se sattA - mAtra kA grahaNa karatA hai| isameM yaha 'kAlA' hai, yaha 'gorA' hai, yaha 'choTA' hai, yaha 'bar3A' hai - isa prakAra kA vikalpa paidA nahIM hotaa| 'kucha' hai isa prakAra padArtha kI sattA ( maujUdagI) mAtra pratibhAsita hotI hai / arthAt yaha nirvikalpaka hotA hai / ukta savikalpaka aura nirvikalpaka pratyakSa meM se jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai bauddha tathA vedAnta darzana kevala nirvikalpaka ko hI pratyakSa mAnatA hai to jainadarzana kevala savikalpaka ko hI, jabaki nyAya-vaizeSika Adi sabhI vaidika darzana savikalpaka aura nirvikalpaka donoM ko hI pratyakSa mAnate haiN| nyAya-vaizeSika matAnusAra pratyakSa ke prakArAntara se laukika aura alaukika ye do bheda bhI mAne gaye haiN| asmadAdi laukika puruSoM kA pratyakSa laukika pratyakSa hai aura vaha indriya sannikarSa Adi kAraNa sAmagrI ke hone para hI sambhava hai, parantu yogiyoM ke pratyakSa ke lie indriya sannikarSa Adi kAraNa sAmagrI kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| yogIjana apanI yogaja sAmarthya se indriyArtha sannikarSa ke binA bhI bhUta, bhaviSyat, sUkSma vyavahita, viprakRSTa sabhI vastuoM ko grahaNa kara sakate haiN| unakA yaha jJAna yathArtha aura sAkSAtkArAtmaka nirvikalpaka hotA hai| isa prakAra laukika * aura alaukika donoM prakAra ke nirvikalpaka jJAna aura unakI kAraNa sAmagrI ke viSaya meM prAyaH sabhI nirvikalpakavAdI ekamata haiM / isa prakAra nyAya, vaizeSikAdi prAyaH sabhI vaidika darzanoM ne indriya aura padArtha sannikarSa ko pratyakSa mAnA hai aura isI prakAra indriyoM se pare, jahA~ indriyoM kI pahu~ca nahIM hai, aise jJAna ko parokSa bhI kahA hai arthAt jo jJAna indriyoM ke vyApAra se utpanna hotA hai vaha pratyakSa hai / " aura jo indriyoM ke vyApAra se rahita hai vaha parokSa hai| yahA~ 'akSa' zabda kA artha indriya liyA gayA hai, kintu pratyakSa kA yaha lakSaNa jainadarzana ke anusAra samIcIna nahIM hai kyoMki indriya aura padArtha ke sannikarSa tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 89 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #92
ko pratyakSa lakSaNa mAnane para indriyoM meM se cakSurindriya padArthoM se sambaddha hokara (saTakara) unake rUpAdi kA jJAna nahIM karAtI, kintu unase dUra sthita hokara hI unakA jJAna karAtI hai / yaha hama spaSTa hI dekhate haiM / isa prakAra yaha lakSaNa avyApti doSa se dUSita siddha hotA hai / isI prakAra ukta lakSaNa ke mAnane para Apta ke pratyakSa jJAna kA abhAva prApta hotA hai; kyoMki Apta ke indriya yA indriyArtha sannikarSapUrvaka padArthajJAna nahIM hotA / yadi usake bhI indriyapUrvaka hI jJAna mAnA jAya to usako sarvajJa kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? yadi yaha kahA jAe ki usako mAnasa pratyakSa hotA hai, usase samasta padArthoM ko jAna letA hai, to yaha bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki mana ke prayatna se jJAna kI utpatti mAnane para bhI sarvajJatva kA abhAva hI siddha hotA hai| yadi punaH yaha kahA jAe ki yogI pratyakSa nAma kA eka anya divyajJAna hai, jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai usase yogIjana indriyArtha sannikarSa ke binA bhI bhUta, bhaviSyat, sUkSma, vyavahita, viprakRSTa Adi sabhI vastuoM ko jAna sakate hai. to bhI unameM pratyakSatA nahIM banatI, kyoMki vaha indriyoM ke nimitta se nahIM hotA hai / jisakI pravRtti pratyeka indriya se hotI hai vaha pratyakSa hai / " aisA sabhI vaidika darzanoM ne svIkAra bhI kiyA hai| isa prakAra ukta lakSaNa nirdoSa siddha nahIM hotA hai / jainadarzanasammata pratyakSa-parokSa lakSaNa - pratyakSa pramANa - jainadarzana ke pramukha AcArya kundakunda ne pratyakSa aura parokSa kA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai--'para arthAt indriya, mana, prakAzAdi kI apekSA se rahita Atma mAtra sApekSa padArthajJAna ko pratyakSa kahate haiM aura indriya, mana, prakAzAdi para sAdhanoM kI apekSA se hone vAle padArthajJAna ko parokSa kahate haiM 1 isI prakAra AcArya kundakunda ke bhASyakAra amRtacandrAcArya ne bhI pratyakSa aura parokSa kA yahI lakSaNa kiyA hai / 2 AcArya kundakunda ke pazcAt umAsvAmI tathA unake bhASyakAra akalaMkadeva, pUjyapAda Adi ne bhI pratyakSa aura parokSa ke vyutpattiparaka lakSaNa kiye haiN| 'pratyakSa' zabda 'prati' aura 'akSa' ina zabdoM ke mela se banA hai| 'akSa' zabda kA artha AtmA aura indriya hai, kintu yahA~ 'akSa' zabda kA artha AtmA liyA gayA hai, ataH jo jJAna indriyAdi kI apekSA ke binA kevala AtmA ke prati hI niyata hotA hai use pratyakSa kahate haiM | 3 isI prakAra 'akSa' vyAp aura jJA- ye dhAtue~ ekArtha vAcaka haiN| isalie 'akSa' kA artha AtmA hotA hai| isa prakAra kSayopazama vAle yA AvaraNarahita kevala AtmA ke prati jo niyata hai arthAt jo jJAna bAhya indriyAdi kI apekSA se na hokara kevala kSayopazamavAle yA AvaraNa rahita AtmA se hotA hai vaha pratyakSa jJAna 90 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #93
kahalAtA hai 54 vicAraNIya yaha hai ki indriyoM se hone vAlA jJAna pratyakSa, jaisA ki jainetara darzana mAnate haiM, nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki isa prakAra ke jJAna se AtmA meM sarvajJatA nahIM A sakatI hai, usakA abhAva ho jaaegaa| ataeva atIndriya jJAna paranirapekSa hone ke kAraNa pratyakSa hai / jo jJAna sarvathA svAvalambI hai, svatantra AtmA ke Azrita hai, para nirapekSa hai, jisameM bAhya sAdhanoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai vaha pratyakSa hai, aura jisameM indriya, mana, prakAzAdi kI apekSA yA AvazyakatA rahatI hai, vaha parokSa hai, kyoMki indriya, mana, prakAza aura gurUpadezAdi para kahe jAte haiM, ina para arthAt bAhya nimittoM kI apekSA se 'akSa' arthAt AtmA ke jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai use parokSa kahate haiM 5 AcArya kundakunda aura umAsvAmI ke uttaravartI AcAryoM ne tArkika dRSTi se bhI pratyakSa aura parokSa ke lakSaNa kiye haiM / AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne aparokSa rUpa se artha ko grahaNa karane vAle jJAna ko pratyakSa aura isase bhinna jJAna ko parokSa kahA hai / " isa lakSaNa meM 'aparokSa' zabda vizeSa mahattva kA hai| naiyAyika 'indriya' aura artha ke sannikarSa se utpanna jJAna' ko pratyakSa mAnate haiN|" AcArya siddhasena ne 'aparokSa' zabda ke dvArA usase asahamati prakaTa kI hai| indriya ke mAdhyama se hone vAlA jJAna AtmA (pramAtA) ke sAkSAt nahIM hotA, isalie vaha pratyakSa nahIM hai| jJAna kI pratyakSatA ke lie artha aura usake bIca avyavadhAna honA jarUrI hai| AcArya akalaMkadeva ne paramArthataH spaSTa, sAkAra, dravyaparyAyAtmaka aura sAmAnya - vizeSAtmaka artha ko jAnane vAle aura AtmavedI jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA hai inhoMne laghIyastraya meM 'vizada jJAna' ko bhI pratyakSa kahA hai / " arthAt jo jJAna paramArtha rUpa se vizada (nirmala) aura spaSTa hotA hai use pratyakSa kahate haiM / inhoMne Age vaizadya (vizadatA yA nirmalatA) kA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai - anumAnAdi parokSa pramANoM kI apekSA padArtha ke varNa, AkArAdi ke vizeSa pratibhAsana ko vaizadya kahate hai tAtparya yaha hai ki jisa jJAna meM kisI anya jJAna kI sahAyatA apekSita na ho vaha jJAna vizada kahalAtA hai / jisa taraha anumAnAdi parokSajJAna apanI utpatti meM liMgajJAna, vyAptismaraNa Adi kI apekSA rakhate haiN| usa taraha pratyakSa apanI utpatti meM kisI anya jJAna kI apekSA nahIM rkhtaa| yahI anumAnAdi se pratyakSa meM atireka (adhikatA) hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, anya jJAna ke vyavadhAna se rahita jo nirmala, tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 91 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #94
spaSTa aura viziSTa jJAna hotA hai, use vizadatA yA vaizadya kahate haiN|" jJAna kI isa vizadatA yA spaSTatA ko hama eka udAharaNa dvArA samajha sakate haiM-jaise kisI eka bAlaka ko usake pitA ne agni kA jJAna zabda dvArA karA diyaa| bAlaka ne zabda (Agama) se agni jAna lii| isake pazcAt phira dhUma dikhAkara agni kA jJAna karA diyaa| bAlaka ne anumAna se agni jAna lii| tadanantara bAlaka ke pitA ne jalatA huA aMgArA uThA liyA aura bAlaka ke sAmane rakhakara kahA-dekho, yaha agni hai| isa prakAra yaha pratyakSa se agni kA jAnanA kahalAyA hai| isa udAharaNa meM pahale do jJAnoM kI apekSA antima jJAna arthAt pratyakSa dvArA agni kA vizeSa varNa, sparza Adi kA jo nirmala jJAna hotA hai, basa yahI jJAna kI vizadatA yA spaSTatA hai| aisI vizadatA jisa jJAna meM pAyI jAtI hai vaha jJAna pratyakSa kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra AcArya akalaMka kI vyAkhyA ke anusAra 'vizada jJAna' pratyakSa hai| AcArya siddhasena divAkara ke pratyakSa lakSaNa ke aparokSa' pada ke sthAna para 'vizada' pada ko lakSaNa meM sthAna dene kA eka kAraNa hai| AcArya akalaMka kI pramANavyavasthA meM vyavahAradRSTi kA bhI AzrayaNa hai| isake anusAra pratyakSa ke do bheda hote haimukhya aura saaNvyvhaarik| mukhya pratyakSa vaha hai jo aparokSatayA artha grahaNa kre| sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa meM artha kA grahaNa indriya ke mAdhyama se hotA hai, usameM 'aparokSatayA' arthagrahaNa' lakSaNa nahIM bntaa| isalie donoM kI saMgati karane ke lie 'vizada' zabda kI yojanA karanI pdd'ii| AcArya akalaMka ne apane isa pratyakSa-lakSaNa dvArA dArzanika jagat kI eka bahuta bar3I samasyA kA samAdhAna kiyaa| samasyA thI indriyajanya jJAna ko parokSa maannaa| kisI bhI jainetara dArzanika ne indriyajanya jJAna ko parokSa nahIM mAnA, saba use pratyakSa hI mAnate haiM, kintu jainadarzana indriyoM se hone vAle jJAna ko parokSa mAnatA hai| jabaki itara dArzanika use pratyakSa kahate the| yaha eka loka vyAvahArika samasyA thii| isakA samAdhAna inhoMne bar3e sundara tArkika DhaMga se kiyaa| inhoMne pratyakSa ke do bheda kiye-1. sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa aura 2. pAramArthika yA mukhya pratyakSa 2 loka meM jisa indriyajanya jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai vaha vyavahAra se tathA dezataH vizada (nirmala) hone se use unhoMne sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyaa| isa prakAra lokavyavahAra kA nirvAha karane ke lie unhoMne sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kI kalpanA kI, jo apane hI anokhe DhaMga kI thii| isase inhoMne indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hone vAle matijJAna ko parokSa kI paridhi meM se nikAla kara tathA sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa nAma dekara pratyakSa kI paridhi meM sammilita kara diyaa| isa anUThI kalpanA se ukta samasyA kA pUrNa samAdhAna ho gyaa| isa prakAra AcArya 92 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #95
akalaMka kA yaha pratyakSa lakSaNa itanA lokapriya huA ki inake uttaravartI sabhI digambara aura zvetAmbara jainAcAryoM ne tathA jainetara dArzanikoM ne isa lakSaNa ko binA kisI virodha ke saharSa svIkAra kiyA / jisa prakAra AcArya akalaMka ne 'vizada jJAna' ko pratyakSa kahA hai usI prakAra bauddha bhI 'vizada jJAna' ko pratyakSa kahate haiM, kintu ve kevala nirvikalpaka jJAna ko hI pratyakSa kI sImA meM rakhate haiM / yadyapi AcArya siddhasena ke lakSaNa meM nirdiSTa 'aparokSa' kA vedAnta ke aura AcArya akalaMka ke pratyakSa lakSaNa meM nirdiSTa 'vizada' kA bauddha ke pratyakSalakSaNa se adhika sAmIpya hai, phira bhI usake viSaya grAhaka svarUpa meM maulika bheda hai| vedAnta ke matAnusAra padArtha kA pratyakSa antaHkaraNa kI vRtti ke mAdhyama se hotA hai / antaHkaraNa dRzyamAna padArtha kA AkAra dhAraNa karatA hai| AtmA apane zuddha sAkSI caitanya se use prakAzita karatA hai, taba pratyakSa jJAna hotA hai / jainadarzana ke anusAra pratyakSa meM jJAna aura jJeya ke bIca dUsarI koI zakti nahIM hotI / bauddha pratyakSa ko nirvikalpaka mAnate haiM / jainoM ke anusAra nirvikalpaka bodha nirNAyaka nahIM hotA, isalie yaha pratyakSa to kyA pramANa hI nahIM banatA / jainadarzana ke anusAra AtmamAtra sApekSa jJAna pratyakSa tathA jisa jJAna meM indriya, mana, prakAzAdi para-sAdhanoM kI apekSA hotI hai vaha jJAna parokSa hai / pratyakSa Atmajanya yA AtmIka jJAna hai aura parokSa indriyajanya jJAna hai, pratyakSa svAzrita aura parokSa parAzrita, pratyakSa indriya nirapekSa aura parokSa indriya sApekSa, pratyakSa AtmAdhIna aura parokSa indriyAdhIna, pratyakSa Atmavizuddhi yA Atmanairmalyajanya aura parokSa indriyanairmalyajanya jJAna hai| isa prakAra pratyakSa aura parokSa kI ye paribhASAe~ jainadarzana kI bhAratIya darzana ko eka vizeSa dena hai| pratyakSa ke bheda - upari vivecita pratyakSa ke do bheda haiM- 1. sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa, 2. pAramArthika yA mukhya pratyakSa 1. sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa - indriya aura mana hI sahAyatA se hone vAle ekadeza nirmala jJAna ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahate haiM / 4 'sAMvyavahArika' zabda kA vyutpattiparaka artha bhI kiyA gayA hai - sam arthAt samIcIna pravRtti - nivRttirUpa "vyavahAra ko saMvyavahAra kahate haiM aura usameM hone vAle jJAna ko sAMvyavahArika kahate haiM jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai, AcArya akalaMka ne pratyakSa kA yaha bheda loka vyavahAra kA samanvaya karane ke lie svIkAra kiyA hai| yahI bhAva isa vyutpattiparaka artha meM abhivyakta hotA hai / tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 93 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #96
sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa bhI do prakAra kA hai-1.indriya sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa aura 2. anindriya sAMvyavahArika prtykss| (1) indriya sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa-sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu aura karNaina pA~ca indriyoM aura mana kI sahAyatA se utpanna hone vAlA jJAna indriya sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahalAtA hai| isI ko AcArya umAsvAmI ne matijJAna kahA hai| - (2) anindriya sAMvyahArika pratyakSa-anindriya sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa jaisA ki isa ke nAma se abhivyakta hotA hai, anindriya arthAt-kevala mana se utpanna hone vAlA jJAna anindriya sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa hai| indriya sAMvyahArika pratyakSa yA matijJAna ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai-1.avagraha, 2. IhA, 3. avAya aura 4. dhAraNA . ___ 1. avagraha-yogya kSetra meM sthita padArtha ke sAtha indriya kA sambandha hone para sabase pahale darzana hotA hai, jo nirvikalpaka athavA nirAkAra hotA hai aura darzana ke bAda usa padArtha kA jo prathama grahaNa hotA hai, jo savikalpaka athavA sAkAra huA karatA hai, use avagraha kahate haiN| jaise-cakSu indriya dvArA 'yaha zukla rUpa hai' aisA grahaNa honA avagraha hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki cakSu Adi indriyoM tathA ghaTAdi padArthoM kA samparka hote hI prathama darzana hotA hai| yaha darzana sattA-mAtra yA sAmAnya (kucha hai) ko grahaNa karatA hai| pIche vahI darzana vastu ke AkAra Adi kA nirNaya hone para avagraha jJAna rUpa pariNata ho jAtA hai| jaise--'yaha manuSya hai' yaha jJAna honA avagraha hai| avagraha, grahaNa, AlocanA aura avadhAraNa-ye eka hI artha ke vAcaka zabda haiN| arthAt avagraha ke paryAyavAcI haiN| avagraha ke bhI do bheda haiM- 1. vyaMjanAvagraha aura 2. arthaavgrh| avyakta, aspaSTa yA aprakaTa padArtha ke grahaNa ko vyaMjanAvagraha kahate haiM aura vyakta, spaSTa yA prakaTa padArtha ke grahaNa ko arthAvagraha kahate haiM / athavA jo prApta artha ke viSaya meM hotA hai usako vyaMjanAvagraha kahate haiM aura jo aprApta artha ke viSaya meM hotA hai usako arthAvagraha kahate haiN| arthAt-indriyoM se prApta (sambandha) artha ko vyaMjana kahate haiM aura aprApta (asambandha) artha ko artha kahate haiM aura inake jJAna ko krama se vyaMjanAvagraha aura arthAvagraha kahate haiN| isa prakAra vyaMjana zabda kA artha 'prApti' bhI kiyA gayA hai isalie isakA aisA artha samajhanA cAhie ki indriyoM se sambandha hone para bhI jabataka prakaTa na ho taba taka use vyaMjana kahate haiN| aura prakaTa hone para 'artha' kahate haiN| ina donoM kA bheda eka dRSTAnta ke dvArA spaSTa kiyA 94 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #97
gayA hai| jaise-miTTI ke naye ati sUkSma sakore para jala ke do-tIna bindu DAle jAyeM to turanta hI sakorA unheM sokha letA hai aura vaha gIlA nahIM hotA kintu bArabAra jalabindu DAlane para eka samaya aisA AtA hai ki vaha sakorA dhIre-dhIre gIlA ho jAtA hai, aura vaha gIlA dikhAI dene lagatA hai| isase pUrva bhI sakorA meM ve jala kaNa the avazya kintu dRSTi meM Ane lAyaka nahIM the, unakI mAtrA ati alpa thii| jaba jala kI mAtrA bar3hI aura sakorA kI sokhane kI zakti kama huI taba kahIM ArdratA dikhAI dene lagI aura jo jala sarvaprathama sakore meM samA gayA thA vahI aba usake Upara ke tala meM ikaTThA hone lagA aura spaSTa dikhAI diyaa| isI taraha jaba kisI suSupta vyakti ko pukArA jAtA hai taba yaha zabda usake kAna meM gAyaba sA ho jAtA hai| do-cAra bAra pukArane se usake kAna meM jaba paudgalika zabdoM kI mAtrA kAphI rUpa meM bhara jAtI hai taba jalakaNoM se pahale pahala Ardra hone vAle sakore kI taraha usa suSupta vyakti ke kAna bhI zabdoM se paripUrita hokara unako sAmAnya rUpa se jAnane meM samartha hote haiM ki 'yaha kyA hai?' yahI sAmAnya jJAna hai jo zabda ko pahale pahala spaSTatayA jAnatA hai| isake bAda vizeSa jJAna kA krama prArambha hotA hai isa taraha sparza Adi indriyoM meM grahaNa kiyA huA sparza athavA zrotra Adi indriyoM meM AyA huA zabda athavA gandha Adi do-cAra-chaha kSaNoM taka spaSTa nahIM hote, kintu bAra-bAra grahaNa karane para spaSTa ho jAte haiN| ataH spaSTa grahaNa se pahale vyaMjanAvagraha hotA hai| pazcAt arthAvagraha hotA hai| kintu aisA koI niyama nahIM hai ki jaise avagraha-jJAna darzanapUrvaka hI hotA hai| vaise hI arthAvagraha bhI vyaMjanAvagrahapUrvaka hI ho, kyoMki arthAvagraha to pA~coM hI indriyoM aura mana se hotA hai, kintu vyaMjanAvagraha cakSu aura mana se nahIM hotA hai| ina ko chor3akara zeSa cAra hI indriyoM se hotA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki jo indriyA~ apane viSaya ko usase sambaddha yA saTa kara jAnatI haiM unhIM se vyaMjanAvagraha hotA hai| aisI indriyA~ kevala cAra haiM-sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa aura shrotr| ye cAroM indriyA~ apane viSaya se sambaddha hone para hI sparza, rasa, gandha aura zabda ko grahaNa karatI haiM, kintu cakSu aura mana apane viSaya se dUra rahakara hI use jAnate haiN| tabhI to jo vastu A~kha ke atyanta nikaTa hotI hai use vaha nahIM jaantii| jaise-A~kha meM lagA huA aNjn| isI se jainadarzana meM cakSu ko aprApyakArI mAnA hai| cakSu kI aprApyakAritA Agama aura yukti se siddha hotI hai| Agama se yathA-'zrotra spRSTa zabda ko sunatA hai aura aspRSTa . zabda ko bhI sunatA hai, netra aspRSTa rUpa ko hI dekhatA hai tathA ghrANa, rasanA aura tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 95 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #98
sparzana indriyA~ krama se spRSTa aura aspRSTa gandha, rasa aura sparza ko jAnatI haiN|3 yukti se cakSu kI aprApyakAritA 'A~kha' meM lage hue aMjana' ke dRSTAnta dvArA Upara nirdiSTa kara dI gayI hai / darzana aura avagraha meM bheda - digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoM meM darzana ko anAkAra tathA sAmAnya-grAhI mAnA hai tathA jJAna ko sAkAra aura vizeSagrAhI mAnA hai| pahale darzana hotA hai phira jJAna hotA hai, kintu digambara paramparA kevalajJAnI ke darzana aura jJAna eka sAtha mAnatI hai| AcArya pUjyapAda 74 kahate haiM ki viSaya aura viSayI kA sannipAta hone para darzana hotA hai| akalaMkadeva ne bhI usako spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki indriya aura artha kA yoga hone para sattA sAmAnya kA darzana hotA hai| arthAt ve darzana kA viSaya batalA dete haiN| yahI sanmAtra darzana anantara samaya 'meM' arthAkAra vikalpadhI' ho jAtA hai| arthAt artha ke AkAra kA nirNAyaka ho jAtA hai, vahI avagraha hai| darzana aura avagraha ke bheda kI carcA karate hue akalaMkadeva 'tattvArthavArtika' meM kahate haiM " - 'cakSu' ke dvArA 'kucha hai' isa prakAra ke nirAkAra avalokana ko darzana kahateM haiN| jaise - tatkAla janme hue bAlaka ko A~kha kholate hI jo prathama avalokana hotA hai, jisameM vastu ke vizeSa dharmoM kA bhAna nahIM hotA, vaha darzana hai, vaise hI sabhI ko pahale darzana hotA hai usake pazcAt do-tIna samaya taka A~kheM TimaTimAne para 'yaha rUpa hai' isa prakAra vizeSatA ko lie hue avagraha hotA hai A~kheM kholate hI bAla zizu ko jo darzana hotA hai yadi vaha avagraha kA sajAtIya hone se jJAna hai to vaha mithyA jJAna hai athavA samyagjJAna hai ? yadi mithyAjJAna hai to vaha saMzaya hai| yA viparyaya hai athavA anadhyavasAya hai ? vaha saMzaya yA viparyaya jJAna to ho nahIM sakatA; kyoMki bacce kI ceSTAe~ samyagjJAnamUlaka dekhI jAtI haiM tathA prathama hI saMzaya aura viparyaya ho bhI nahIM skte| jaba koI sIpa aura cA~dI ko dekha letA hai, usake pazcAt hI use sAmane par3I huI vastu meM sIpa aura cA~dI kA bhrama hotA hai tathA vaha anadhyavasAya bhI nahIM hai; kyoMki use vastu mAtra kA darzana ho rahA hai| ataH bacce kA prAthamika avalokana mithyAjJAna to nahIM hai aura na samyagjJAna hI hai, kyoMki usameM vastu ke AkAra kA bodha nahIM hai| ataH yaha mAnanA par3atA hai ki avagraha se pahale darzana hotA hai| isa taraha akalaMkadeva ne avagraha aura darzana meM bheda siddha karate hue 'kucha 96 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #99
hai' isa prakAra se vastu-mAtra ke grAhI ko darzana aura 'vaha rUpa hai' isa prakAra vastuvizeSa ke grAhI ko avagraha jJAna kahA hai| yahA~ yaha batalA denA ucita hogA ki sabhI jainetara dArzanika yaha mAnate haiM ki sabase pahale indriya aura viSaya kA sannikarSa hotA hai phira nirvikalpaka jJAna hotA hai| mImAMsaka kumArila bhaTTa likhate haiM ki sabase prathama AlocanA jJAna hotA hai| vaha nirvikalpaka hotA hai, zuddha vastu se janya hotA hai tathA mUka zizu ke jJAna ke sadRza hotA hai| AcArya jinabhadra ne bhI avagraha kI carcA karate hue AlocanapUrvaka avagrahajJAna ke hone kI carcA kI hai, jisakA varNana pahale kara Aye haiM aura unhoMne AlocanA jJAna ko vyaMjanAvagraha mAnA hai; kyoMki indriya aura artha kA sambandha hone para AlocanA jJAna hotA hai aura tabhI vyaMjanAvagraha mAnA gayA hai, kintu yadi AlocanA-jJAna meM sAmAnya artha kA grahaNa hotA hai to vaha arthAvagraha se bhinna nahIM hai tathA akalaMkadeva kI ukta carcA meM mUka zizu ke prathama darzana ko avagraha se vilakSaNa siddha karake avagraha se pahale darzana kI sattA siddha kI gayI hai| ataH kumArilaM ke AlocanA-jJAna ko akalaMkadeva ne darzana mAnA hai| isI taraha bauddhoM ke nirvikalpaka jJAna ko bhI akalaMkadeva ne pratyakSa jJAna na mAnakara darzana mAnA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki jainadarzana meM savikalpaka jJAna se pahale kisI nirvikalpaka jJAna kA astitva nahIM mAnA gayA, jabaki anya darzanoM meM mAnA gyaa| ataH akalaMkadeva ne usakI tulanA darzana se kI, kyoMki jainadarzana meM jJAna ko darzanapUrvaka mAnA hai tathA usakA viSaya sattA-sAmAnya hai| akalaMkadeva kI isa mAnyatA ko bhI unake uttarAdhikArI donoM paramparAoM ke dArzanikoM ne svIkAra kiyaa| 2. IhA-avagraha ke dvArA hone vAlA jJAna itanA kamajora hotA hai ki isake bAda saMzaya ho sakatA hai, isalie saMzayApanna avasthA ko dUra karane ke lie yA pichale jJAna ko vyavasthita karane ke lie jo Ihana, vicAraNA yA gaveSaNA hotI hai, vaha IhA jJAna hai| avagraha se hone vAle jJAna ke bAda usa padArtha ko vizeSa rUpa se jAnane ki lie jaba yaha zaMkA huA karatI hai ki yaha manuSya to hai, parantu dAkSiNAtya hai athavA audIcya hai? taba usa zaMkA ko dUra karane ke lie usake vastra Adi kI tarapha dRSTi dene se yaha jJAna hotA hai ki yaha dAkSiNAtya honA cAhie, isI ko IhA kahate haiN| ___ Azaya yaha hai ki avagraha se gRhIta artha meM vizeSa jAnane kI AkAMkSA rUpa jJAna ko IhA kahate haiN| jaise-'yaha puruSa hai' isa prakAra yadi 'puruSa' kA avagraha jJAna huA to 'yaha puruSa' kisa deza kA hai, kisa umra kA hai ? Adi jAnane kI AkAMkSA IhA hai| zvetAmbarIya mAnyatA ke anusAra, zabda ko sunakara 'yaha zabda honA tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 97 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #100
cAhie' isa prakAra kI jijJAsA kA honA IhA hai| IhA jJAna saMzaya rUpa nahIM hai| eka vastu meM paraspara viruddha aneka arthoM ke jJAna kA nAma saMzaya hai| yaha saMzaya avagraha ke pazcAt aura IhA se pahale hotA hai| saMzaya ke dUra hone para jaba jJAna nizcaya ke abhimukha hotA hai to usI ko IhA kahate haiN| jaise-puruSa kA avagraha hone para yaha dakSiNAtya hai athavA audIcya hai? ityAdi saMzaya hotA hai| isake pazcAt jaba vaha nizcayonmukha hotA hai ki amuka honA cAhie, vaha IhA hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki IhA-jJAna meM vizeSa kA nizcaya nahIM hotA aura saMzaya bhI anizcayAtmaka hai, aisI avasthA meM donoM meM kyA bheda hai ? isakA samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai ki saMzaya pahale hotA hai aura IhA bAda meM utpanna hotI hai| ataeva donoM bhinna-bhinna haiN| isake atirikta saMzaya meM donoM palar3e barAbara hote haiM, dakSiNI aura pazcimI kI donoM koTiyA~ tulya bala vAlI hotI haiM, IhA meM eka palar3A bhArI ho jAtA hai| yaha 'dakSiNI honA cAhie' isa prakAra kA jJAna eka ora ko jhukA rahatA hai| ataeva saMzaya aura IhA donoM eka nahIM hai| IhA, UhA, tarka, parIkSA, vicAraNA aura jijJAsA ye saba zabda eka hI artha ke vAcaka haiN| arthAt IhA zabda ke paryAyavAcI haiN|'' 3. avAya-vizeSa dharmoM ko jAnakara yathArtha vastu kA nirNaya honA avAya hai| athavA avagraha tathA IhA ke dvArA jAne hue padArtha ke viSaya meM yaha samIcIna hai' athavA 'asamIcIna hai isa taraha se guNa-doSoM kA vicAra karane ke lie jo nizcaya rUpa jJAna kI pravRtti hotI hai, usako apAya yA avAya kahate haiN| jaise'yaha manuSya dakSiNI honA cAhie' itanA jJAna IhA dvArA ho cukA thA, usameM vizeSa kA nizcaya honA arthAt usa manuSya ke nikaTa AjAne para usakI bAtacIta (bolacAla) ke sunane para yaha dRr3ha nizcaya hotA hai ki yaha 'dAkSiNAtya hI hai' isa prakAra ke jJAna ko apAya kahate haiN| apAya, apagama, apanoda, apavyAdha, apeta, apagata, apaviddha aura apanutta-ye sabhI zabda eka artha ke vAcaka haiM arthAt avAya zabda ke paryAya vAcI hai| yahA~ avAya aura apAya donoM zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara sammata tattvArtha sUtra meM apAya' zabda kA prayoga hai aura digambara sammata tattvArtha sUtra meM 'avAya' zabda kA prayoga hai| AcArya akalaMkadeva ne apane rAjavArtika meM yaha carcA kI hai ki yaha apAya zabda hai athavA avAya? isakA samAdhAna karate hue unhoMne kahA hai ki donoM hI zabda ThIka haiM, eka ke prayoga se dUsare kA grahaNa svayaM ho jAtA hai| jaise jaba 'yaha dAkSiNAtya nahIM hai' isa taraha yaha zabda apAya arthAt 98 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #101
niSedha karatA hai to yaha uttarIya hai' yaha avAya arthAt jJAna karatA hai| aura jaba 'yaha uttarIya hai' yaha jJAna karatA hai taba yaha dAkSiNAtya nahIM hai' yaha apAya arthAt niSedha karatA hai| 4. dhAraNA-avAya se nirNIta vastu ko kAlAntara meM na bhUlane meM jo jJAna kAraNa hai use dhAraNA kahate hai| jaise avAya se yaha nizcaya ho gayA thA ki yaha dAkSiNAtya hI hai' isako kAlAntara meM na bhUlane meM jo jJAna kAraNa hotA hai use dhAraNA kahate haiN| dhAraNA kA matalaba pratipatti hai| arthAt apane yogya padArtha kA jo bodha huA hai, usakA adhika kAla taka sthira rahanA dhAraNA hai| yaha dhAraNA hI smRti Adi jJAnoM kI jananI hai| jisa padArtha kA dhAraNA jJAna nahIM hotA usakA kAlAntara meM smaraNa bhI sambhava nahIM hai| dhAraNA kA artha saMskAra bhI hai| yaha jJAna hRdaya-paTala para isa prakAra aMkita ho jAtA hai ki kAlAntara meM bhI vaha jAgrata ho sakatA hai| dhAraNA, pratipatti, avadhAraNA, avasthAna, nizcaya, avagama aura avabodha ye saba zabda eka hI artha ke vAcaka haiN| arthAt dhAraNA zabda ke paryAyavAcI haiN| ye avagraha Adi cAroM jJAna isI krama se hote haiN| inakI utpatti meM koI vyatikrama nahIM hotA; kyoMki adRSTa kA avagraha nahIM hotA, anavagRhIta meM sandeha nahIM hotA, sandeha hue binA IhA nahIM hotI, IhA ke binA avAya nahIM hotA aura avAya ke binA dhAraNA nahIM hotii| kintu jaise kamala ke sau pattoM ko Upara nIce rakhakara suI se chedane para aisI pratIti hotI hai ki sAre patte eka hI samaya meM chede gye| yadyapi vahA~ kAla-bheda hai, kintu atyanta sUkSma hone se hamArI dRSTi meM nahIM AtA, vaise hI abhyasta viSaya meM yadyapi kevala avAya-jJAna kI hI pratIti hotI hai phira bhI usase pahale avagraha aura IhA jJAna bar3I drutagati se ho jAte haiM, isase unakI pratIti nahIM hotii| Azaya yaha hai ki pahale darzana, phira avagraha, phira sandeha, phira IhA, phira avAya aura tadanantara dhAraNA jJAna utpanna hotA hai| yahI anubhava kA krama hai| yadi isa krama ko svIkAra na kiyA jAya to kisI bhI padArtha kA jJAna honA asambhava hai; kyoMki jaba taka darzana ke dvArA padArtha kI sattA kA AbhAsa nahIM ho taba taka manuSyatva Adi avAntara sAmAnya jJAta nahIM hoMge, avAntara sAmAnya ke jJAna binA 'yaha dakSiNI hai yA pazcimI' isa prakAra kA sandeha utpanna nahIM hogA, sandeha ke binA 'yaha dakSiNI honA cAhie' isa prakAra kA IhA jJAna nahIM hogA, isI prakAra agale jJAnoM kA bhI abhAva ho jaaegaa| ata: darzana, avagraha Adi kA ukta krama hI mAnanA yukti aura anubhava se saMgata hai| tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 99 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #102
yahA~ yaha jAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai ki yaha koI niyama nahIM ki inameM se pahalA jJAna hone para Age ke sabhI jJAna hote hI haiN| kabhI kevala avagraha hI hokara raha jAtA hai, kabhI avagraha, aura IhA hI hote haiM, kabhI-kabhI avagraha, IhA aura avAya jJAna hI hote haiM aura kabhI dhAraNA taka hote haiN| ye sabhI jJAna eka caitanya ke hI vizeSa haiM, kintu ye saba krama se hote haiM tathA inakA viSaya bhI eka dUsare se . ... apUrva hai| ataH ye saba Apasa meM bhinna-bhinna mAne jAte haiN| avagraha Adi kA kAlamAna zvetAmbara Agamika mAnyatA ke anusAra(1) vyaMjanAvagraha kA kAla asaMkhyAta samaya hai| (2) arthAvagraha kA kAla eka samaya hai| (3) IhA kA kAla antarmuhUrta (48 minaTa kA muhUrta aura usase kama antrmuhuurt)| (4) avAya kA kAla bhI antrmuhuurt| (5) dhAraNA kA kAla saMkhyAta aura asaMkhyAta samaya hai| ye avagraha Adi jJAna bahu, bahuvidha, kSipra, aniHsRta, anukta, dhruva aura inase ulaTe eka yA alpa, ekavidha yA alpavidha, akSipra, niHsRta, ukta tathA adhruvaina bAraha prakAra ke padArthoM ko grahaNa karate haiM arthAt ina bAraha prakAra ke padArthoM kA avagraha IhAdi rUpa jJAna hotA hai| baha Adi ke lakSaNa : 1. bahu-eka sAtha eka padArtha kA bahuta avagrahAdi jJAna honaa| jaise-gehU~ kI rAzi dekhane se bahuta se gehu~oM kA jJAna honaa| 2. bahuvidha-bahuta prakAra ke padArthoM kA avagrahAdi jJAna honaa| jaise-gehU~, canA, cAvala Adi kaI padArthoM kA jJAna honaa| 3. kSipra-zIghratA se padArtha kA jJAna honA athavA zIghra padArtha ko kSipra kahate haiM jaise-tejI se bahatA huA jlprvaah| 4. aniHsRta-aprakaTa padArtha kA jnyaan| jaise-jala meM DUbA huA hAthI Adi athavA eka pradeza ke jJAna se sarva kA jJAna honaa| jaise bAhara nikalI huI hAthI kI sUMDa ko dekhakara jala meM DUbe hue pUre hAthI kA jJAna honaa| 5. anukta-vacana se kahe binA abhiprAya se jAna lenaa| jaise-mukha kI 100 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #103
AkRti tathA hAtha Adi ke izAre se pyAse yA bhUkhe manuSya kA jJAna honaa| 6. dhruva-sthira padArtha ko dhruva kahate hai| jaise parvatAdi athavA bahuta kAla taka jaise kA taisA nizcala jJAna hote rhnaa| 7. eka-alpa athavA eka padArtha kA jnyaan| jaise-eka gehU~ yA eka cane kA jJAna honaa| 8. ekavadhi-eka prakAra ke yA eka hI jAti ke padArthoM kA jJAna honA jaise-eka sadRza gehu~oM kA jJAna honaa| 9. akSipra-ciragrahaNa-kisI padArtha ko dhIre-dhIre bahuta samaya taka jAnanA athavA manda padArtha ko akSipra kahate haiN| jaise-kachuA, dhIre dhIre calane vAlA ghor3A, mnussyaadi| 10. niHsRta-bAhara nikale hue prakaTa padArthoM kA jJAna honaa| 11. ukta-kahane para jJAna honaa| 12. adhruva-jo kSaNa-kSaNa hIna adhika hotA rahe use adhruva jJAna kahate haiM athavA caMcala rUpa meM padArthoM ko jAnanA adhruva jJAna hai| jaise vidyuta Adi kA jnyaan| ukta bAraha prakAra ke viSayoM kA pA~ca indriya aura mana se avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA rUpa jJAna hotA hai tathA Upara kahe hue bahu Adika bAraha bheda padArtha ke haiN| arthAt bahu Adi vizeSaNa viziSTa padArtha ke hI avagraha Adi jJAna hote haiN| - isa viSaya meM vaizeSikAdi darzanoM kA mata hai ki cakSu Adi indriyA~ padArthoM ke kevala rUpAdi guNoM ko hI grahaNa karatI haiM, padArthoM ko nahIM, kyoMki indriyoM kA sannikarSa rUMpAdi guNoM ke sAtha hI hotA hai, ataH ve unhIM ko grahaNa karatI haiM, kintu jainadarzana isa mAnyatA se sahamata nahIM hai| usake anusAra cakSu Adi indriyoM kA sambandha padArthoM ke sAtha hI hotA hai, kevala rUpAdi guNoM ke sAtha nahIM hotA, ata: cakSu Adi indriyoM ke dvArA hone vAle avagrahAdi mAtra rUpAdi guNoM ko hI nahIM jAnate, kintu una guNoM ke dvArA dravya ko grahaNa karate haiM, kyoMki guNa aura guNI (dravya) meM kathaMcit abheda hone se guNa kA grahaNa hone para guNI (dravya) kA bhI grahaNa usa rUpa meM hI ho jAtA hai| kisI aise indriya-jJAna kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI, jo dravya ko chor3akara mAtra guNa ko yA guNa ko chor3akara mAtra dravya ko grahaNa karatA ho| tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 101 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #104
matijJAna ke bheda avagraha avAya dhAraNA 102 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda vyaMjanAvagraha arthAvagraha bahu bahu bahu bahu bahu bahuvidha kSipra bahuvidha kSipra # aniHsRta bahuvidha kSipra / aniHsRta ke anukta bahuvidha kSipra #aniHsRta bahuvidha kSipra aniHsRta anukta dhruva hai eka ekavidha # aniHsRta va anukta ke anukta anukta dhruva va For Personal & Private Use Only dhruva eka I ekavidha akSipra sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, krnn| dhruva ne eka ekavidha akSipra niHsRta ukta adhruva sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu, ma eka hai ekavidha akSipra ekavidha ke akSipra niHsRta niHsRta sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu, ukta akSipra I niHsRta ukta adhruva 12x6 ukta niHsRta ma ukta adhruva adhruva 12x4 48 12x6 72 12x6 72 . adhruva 12x6 72 = 336 + -72 +

Page #105
matijJAna ke bheda isa prakAra Upara sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke antargata matijJAna ke bheda-prabhedoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| yadi ina bheda-prabhedoM para alaga-alaga rUpa se vicAra kiyA jAve to ye saba bheda 336 hote hai jaise-yaha bAraha prakAra ke padArthoM kA jJAna avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA rUpa hotA hai| ataH ye samasta bheda milakara 12x4=48 hote haiM aura inameM pratyeka jJAna pA~ca indriyoM aura mana ke dvArA hotA hai ataH 48x6=288 bheda hue| ye 288 bheda arthAvagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ke haiN| kyoMki ye sabhI pA~ca indriya aura mana se hote haiM, kintu vyaMjanAvagraha cakSu aura mana se utpanna nahIM hotA, kevala cAra indriyoM se hI hotA hai, kyoMki cakSu aura mana padArtha ko dUra se hI grahaNa karate haiM, unase sambaddha yA saTakara nahIM grahaNa karate haiN| isa prakAra vyaMjanAvagraha ke bahu Adi bAraha viSayoM kI apekSA 12x4-48 bheda hote haiN| ina sabako milAne se 288+48=336 bheda matijJAna ke hote haiM arthAt matijJAna 336 prakAra se padArthoM ko grahaNa karatA hai, unako jAnatA hai| __ matijJAna ke ina 336 bhedoM ko ukta tAlikA dvArA pradarzita kiyA hai| paraspara kI bheda-vivakSA (ka) bahu aura bahuvidha meM bheda-89 bahuta vyaktiyoM ke jAnane ko bahajJAna kahate haiN| jaise bahuta-sI gAyoM ko jAnanA, gehU~ yA canoM kI rAzi ko dekhane se bahuta se gehu~oM kA jJAna honA aura bahuta jAtiyoM ke jAnane ko bahuvidha jJAna kahate haiN| jaise-khaNDI, muNDI, sA~valI Adi aneka jAtiyoM kI gAyoM ko jaannaa| isI prakAra gehU~, canA, cAvala Adi kaI jAti ke anAjoM kA jJAna honaa| (kha) eka aura ekavidha meM antara - eka vyakti ko jAnanA eka jJAna hai| jaise--yaha gau hai| isI prakAra eka gehU~ yA eka cane kA jJAna honaa| aura eka jAti ko jAnanA ekavidha hai| jaise--yaha khaNDI gau hai yA eka sadRza gehU~oM kA jJAna honaa| isI ko AcArya vIrasena svAmI ne apane zabdoM meM kahA hai-'ekapratyaya vyaktigata ekatA meM sambaddha rahane vAlA hai aura ekavidha aneka vyaktiyoM meM sambaddha ekajAti meM rahane vAlA hai' arthAt eka vyaktirUpa padArtha kA grahaNa karanA eka aMvagraha hai aura eka jAti meM sthiti eka padArtha kA athavA bahuta padArthoM kI eka jAti kA grahaNa karanA ekavidha avagraha hai| (ga) kSipra aura akSipra meM bheda-Azu arthAt zIghratApUrvaka vastu ko grahaNa karanA kSipra avagraha hai| jaise-tejI se bahate hue jalapravAha kA jJAna honA aura navIna sakore meM rahane vAle jala ke samAna dhIre-dhIre vastu ko grahaNa karane vAlA akSipra avagraha hai| tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 103 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #106
(gha) ukta aura niHsRta meM bheda-dUsare ke kahane se jo jJAna hotA hai vaha ukta hai aura svata: hI jAna lenA ni:sRta hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki zrotra, ghrANa, sparzana, rasanA-ye cAroM indriyA~ prApyakArI haiM arthAt prApta padArtha ko jAnatI haiM, ataH inase aniHsRta aura anukta zabdAdi kA jJAna kaise hogA? to isakA samAdhAna hai-jaise cIMTI vagairaha ko ghrANa aura rasanA indriya se dUravartI gur3a Adi kI gandha aura rasa kA jJAna ho jAtA hai, vaise hI aniHsRta aura anukta zabdAdi kA bhI jJAna jAnanA caahie| ___inameM se 'ukta' kA sambandha kevala zrotrendriya ke sAtha to ThIka baiTha jAtA hai, kintu anya indriyoM ke sAtha nahIM baiThatA hai; kyoMki jo bAta zabda ke dvArA kahI jAya vahI 'ukta' hai aura zabda zrotrendriya kA viSaya hai| AcArya akalaMka ne ise isa prakAra ghaTita kiyA hai-jaise koI AdamI do raMgoM ko milAkara koI tIsarA raMga banAnA dikhalA rahA hai to usake kahane se pahile hI usake abhiprAya ko jAna lenA ki Apa ina donoM raMgoM ko milAkara amuka raMga banAe~ge, yaha anuktarUpa kA jJAna hai aura kahane para jAnanA ukta rUpa kA jJAna hai| cU~ki rUpa cakSu kA viSaya hai ataH yaha cakSu viSayaka ukta aura anukta jJAna hai| isI taraha sparza, rasa, gandha ko lekara . sparzana, rasanA aura ghrANa indriya ke sAtha ukta aura anukta ko ghaTita kara lenA caahie| (Ga) aniHsRta aura anukta kA bheda-anabhimukha (jo sAmane na ho) artha kA grahaNa karanA athavA upamAna-upameya bhAva ke binA grahaNa karanA aniHsRta avagraha hai| athavA vastu ke ekadeza kA avalambana karake pUrNa rUpa se vastu ko grahaNa karane vAlA tathA vastu ke eka deza athavA samasta vastu kA avalambana karake vahA~ avidyamAna anya vastu ko viSaya karane vAlA bhI aniHsRta pratyaya hai| yaha pratyaya asiddha nahIM hai, kyoMki ghaTa ke arvAgbhAga kA avalambana karake kahIM ghaTa pratyaya kI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai, kahIM para arvAgbhAga ke eka deza kA avalambana karake ukta pratyaya kI utpatti pAI jAtI hai, kahIM para 'gAya ke samAna gavaya hotA hai' isa prakAra athavA anya prakAra se eka vastu kA avalambana karake vahA~ samIpa meM na rahane vAlI anya vastu ko viSaya karane vAle pratyaya kI utpatti pAI jAtI hai, kahIM para arvAgbhAga ke grahaNa-kAla meM hI parabhAga kA grahaNa pAyA jAtA hai aura yaha asiddha bhI nahIM hai' kyoMki, anyathA vastu-viSayaka pratyaya kI utpatti bana nahIM sakatI tathA arvAgbhAga mAtra vastu ho nahIM sakatI; kyoMki utane mAtra se artha-kriyAkAritva nahIM pAyA jaataa| kahIM para eka varNa ke zravaNa kAla meM hI Age uccAraNa kiye jAne vAle varNoM ko viSaya karane vAle pratyaya kI utpatti pAI jAtI hai, kahIM para apane abhyasta 104 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #107
pradeza meM eka sparza ke grahaNa kAla meM hI anyasparza viziSTa usa vastu ke pradezAntaroM kA grahaNa hotA hai tathA kahIM para eka rasa ke grahaNa kAla meM hI una pradezoM meM nahIM rahane vAle rasAntara se viziSTa vastu kA grahaNa hotA hai| dUsare AcArya 'niHsRta' aisA par3hate haiN| unake dvArA upamA pratyaya eka hI saMgRhIta hogA, ata: vaha iSTa nahIM hai|' isakA pratipakSabhUta, abhimukha artha kA grahaNa karanA athavA upamAna-upameya bhAva ke dvArA grahaNa karanA ni:sRta avagraha hai, jaise kamaladalanayanA arthAt isa strI ke nayana kamalapatra ke samAna haiN| isa niHsRta pratyaya kA abhAva bhI nahIM hai; kyoMki, kahIM para kisI kAla meM AlambanIbhUta vastu ke eka deza meM utane hI jJAna kA astitva pAyA jAtA hai aniyamita-guNa-viziSTa dravya kA grahaNa karanA anukta avagraha hai" athavA indriya ke pratiniyata guNa se viziSTa vastu ke grahaNa kAla meM hI usa indriya ke apratiniyata guNa se viziSTa usa vastu kA grahaNa jisase hotA hai vaha anuktapratyaya hai| yaha asiddha bhI nahIM hai; kyoMki cakSu se lavaNa, zakkara va khAMDa ke grahaNa kAla meM hI kabhI unake rasa kA jJAna ho jAtA hai, dahI ke gandha ke grahaNa kAla meM hI usake rasa kA jJAna ho jAtA hai, dIpaka ke rUpa ke grahaNa kAla meM hI kabhI usake sparza kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai tathA zabda ke grahaNa kAla meM hI saMskAra-yukta kisI puruSa ke usake rasAdi viSayaka pratyaya kI utpatti bhI pAI jAtI hai| isase pratipakSa rUpa, niyamita guNa-viziSTa artha kA grahaNa karanA ukta avagraha hai| jaise-cakSu indriya ke dvArA dhavala padArtha kA grahaNa karanA aura ghrANendriya dvArA sugandha dravya kA grahaNa karanA ityaadi| jainadarzana meM samyagjJAna ko pramANa kahA gayA hai| yaha pramANarUpa jJAna pA~ca prakAra kA hai-1.matijJAna, 2.zrutajJAna, 3.avadhijJAna, 4. mana:paryayajJAna, 5. kevljnyaan| inameM se Adi ke do jJAna arthAt matijJAna aura zrutajJAna parokSa haiM 101 kyoMki ye parAzrita haiN| zeSa-avadhijJAna, manaHparyayajJAna aura kevalajJAna pratyakSa haiM,102 kyoMki ye svAzrita arthAt Atma-mAtra sApekSa haiN| inameM matijJAna ke svarUpa, bheda-prabheda kA paryApta vivecana indriya sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke varNana meM kiyA jA cukA hai| aba krama prApta zrutajJAna vivecanIya hai| zrutajJAna jo jJAna matijJAna se utpanna hotA hai vaha zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai, kyoMki 'sudaMmaI puvvaM' (zrutaM matipUrvam) 14 zrutajJAna matijJAnapUrvaka hotA hai, aisA vacana hai| arthAt matijJAna se jAne hue padArtha kA avalambana lekara jo anya artha kA jJAna hotA hai tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 105 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #108
vaha zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai| zruta, Aptavacana, upadeza, aitihya, AmnAya, pravacana aura jinavacana ye saba zabda eka hI artha ke vAcaka haiN| zruta zabda kuzala zabda ke samAna jagatsvArthavRtti (lakSaNA vizeSa) hai| jaise kuza kATane rUpa kriyA kA Azraya karake siddha kiyA gayA kuzala zabda (ukta artha ko chor3akara) saba jagaha paryavadAta' yA 'dakSa' artha meM AtA hai, usI prakAra zrutazabda bhI zravaNa kriyA ko lekara siddha hotA huA rUr3hivaza kisI jJAna vizeSa meM rahatA hai na ki kevala zravaNa se utpanna jJAna meM hii| sUtra meM Aye hue 'pUrva' zabda kA artha kAraNa hai| isalie zrutajJAna matijJAnapUrvaka hotA hai arthAt matijJAna ke nimita se zrutajJAna utpanna hotA hai| matijJAna hue binA zrutajJAna nahIM ho sktaa| phira bhI matijJAna ko zrutajJAna kA nimitta kAraNa mAnanA cAhie, upAdAna kAraNa nahIM, kyoMki usakA asalI nimitta kAraNa to zrutajJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama hI hai| __matijJAna aura zrutajJAna meM antara-sarvaprathama pA~ca indriya aura mana-inameM se kisI eka ke nimitta se kisI bhI vidyamAna vastu kA matijJAna hotA hai| isake bAda isa matijJAnapUrvaka usa jJAta huI vastu ke viSaya meM yA usake sambandha se anya vastu ke viSaya meM jo vizeSa cintana aura manana prArambha hotA hai, use hI zrutajJAna kahate . haiN| jaise-cakSu se Ama ke phala ko dekhanA, yaha matijJAna hai| isa Amra phala viSayaka cAkSuSa matijJAna ke hone ke bAda usake viSaya meM mana se usakI AkRti, rUpa, rasa, gandha Adi para vicAra kara yaha jJAta hotA hai ki yaha banArasI yA lakhanavI Ama honA caahie| isa prakAra ke vikalpoM kA honA zrutajJAna hai| Azaya yaha hai ki kisI bhI padArtha ko dekhanA yaha cakSu indriya kA kArya hai aura yaha matijJAna hai tathA use guNa-doSoM, usakI upayogitA-anupayogitA Adi para vicAra karanA yaha mana kA kArya hai, yahI zrutajJAna kA viSaya hai| mana kA viSaya zruta hai aura zruta kA artha zabdasaMketa Adi ke mAdhyama se hone vAlA jJAna hai| yahA~ mana kA viSaya jo zruta batAyA hai usase matalaba bhAvazruta kA hai, jo zrutajJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se dravya zruta ke anusAra vicAra rUpa se tattvArtha kA paricchedaka AtmapariNati vizeSa jJAnarUpa huA karatA hai| jaise kisI ne dharmadravya kA uccAraNa kiyA, usako sunate hI pahale zAstra meM bAMce hue athavA kisI ke upadeza se jAne hue gatihetuka dharma dravya kA bodha ho jAtA hai, yahI mana kA viSaya hai| isI prakAra sampUrNa tattvArtha aura dvAdazAMga ke samasta viSayoM kA vicAra karanA mana kA kArya hai yA kisI bhI viSaya kA vicAra karanA hI isakA viSaya hai| arthAvagraha ke anantara jo matijJAna hotA hai usako bhI upacAra se zrutajJAna kahate hai; kyoMki vaha mana ke binA nahIM hotA ataeva 106 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #109
vaha bhI mana kA hI viSaya hai| zruta kA manana yA cintanAtmaka jitanA bhI jJAna hotA hai usakI gaNanA zrutajJAna meM hai| zrutajJAna ko matijJAnapUrvaka mAnA jAtA hai| ina donoM kA kAraNa kArya sambandha hai matijJAna kAraNa aura zrutajJAna kArya hai| ____ matijJAna kI apekSA zrutajJAna kA viSaya mahAn hai; kyoMki usameM jina viSayoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai athavA usake dvArA jina viSayoM kA jJAna hotA hai, ve jJeya (prameya) rUpa viSaya ananta haiM, tathA usakA praNayana yA nirUpaNa sarvajJa ke dvArA huA hai, usakA viSaya atizaya mahAn hai, isalie usake eka-eka artha ko lekara adhikAroM kI racanA kI gayI hai aura tattat adhikAroM ke prakaraNa kI samApti kI apekSA se usake aMga aura upAMga rUpa meM nAnA bheda ho gaye haiN| ___matijJAna kevala vartamAnakAla sambandhI padArthoM ko jAnatA hai jabaki zrutajJAna bhUta, bhaviSyat, vartamAna kAla sambandhI padArthoM ko jAnatA hai| matijJAna kI apekSA zrutajJAna adhika vizuddha hai| matijJAna indriya nimittaka ho athavA anindriya nimittaka, AtmA kI jJasvabhAvatA ke kAraNa vaha pAriNAmika hai, parantu zrutajJAna aisA nahIM hai; kyoMki vaha Apta ke upadeza se matijJAnapUrvaka huA karatA hai| jaise matijJAna kI utpatti meM indriyA~ sAkSAt nimitta hotI haiM vaise zrutajJAna kI utpatti meM sAkSAt nimitta nahIM hotI isalie zrutajJAna kI utpatti indriyoM se na mAnakara mana se hI mAnI gayI hai| tathApi sparzana Adi indriyoM ke nimitta se matijJAna hone ke bAda jo zrutajJAna hotA hai usameM paramparA se ve sparzana Adi indriyA~ nimitta mAnI gayI haiM, isalie matijJAna ke samAna zrutajJAna kI utpatti bhI pA~ca indriya aura mana ke nimitta se kahI jAtI hai para yaha kathana aupacArika hai| isa prakAra zruta kA manana yA cintanAtmaka jitanA bhI jJAna hotA hai vaha to zrutajJAna hai hI, kintu usake sAtha usa jAti kA jo anya jJAna hotA hai use bhI zrutajJAna mAnanA caahie| zrutajJAna ke akSarAtmaka aura anakSarAtmaka aise jo do bheda kiye gaye haiM ve isI AdhAra se kiye gaye haiN| aMgabAhya aura aGga-praviSTa ye bhI zruta ke do bheda haiN| inameM aMgabAhya ke aneka bheda haiM aura aGga-praviSTa ke AcArAGga Adi bAraha bheda haiN| zrutajJAna kA vizeSa varNana dhavalAdi granthoM se jAnanA caahie| pAramArthika yA mukhya pratyakSa jo jJAna AtmA se hI utpanna hotA hai use pAramArthika yA mukhya pratyakSa kahate haiN| tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 107 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #110
pAramArthika pratyakSa yA mukhya pratyakSa sampUrNa rUpa se vizada hotA hai; kyoMki yaha Atmanairmalya se utpanna hotA hai| isameM sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kI bhA~ti indriya aura mana ke vyApAra kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, kintu yaha AtmasvarUpa se utpanna hotA hai| isI kAraNa ise mukhya pratyakSa bhI kahate haiN| sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa indriyajanya aura manojanya hone ke kAraNa vastutaH parokSa hai, kintu loka meM jainetaradarzana use pratyakSa mAnate haiM ataH loka vyavahAra ke anurodha se jainadarzana ne use bhI pratyakSa mAnA hai| pAramArthika pratyakSa-bheda-pAramArthika pratyakSa do prakAra kA hai- 1.vikala pratyakSa aura 2. sakala pratyakSa / 109 1. (a) vikalapratyakSa-jo vastutaH pratyakSa ho kintu vikala arthAt adhUrA yA apUrNa ho use vikala pratyakSa kahate haiN| (ba) vikalapratyakSa-bheda-vikalapratyakSa bhI do prakAra kA hai-(1) avadhi jJAna aura 2. manaHparyaya jnyaan| (1) avadhijJAna'10-dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI apekSA se jisake viSaya kI sImA ho usako avadhijJAna kahate haiN| isI kAraNa se Agama meM isako sImAjJAna kahA gayA hai| isake do bheda haiM- 1. bhavapratyaya aura 2. gunnprtyy| yaha jJAna indriyoM kI sahAyatA ke binA hI pudgalAdi rUpI padArthoM ko dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI maryAdA lie hue ekadeza spaSTa jAnatA hai| AtmA Adi arUpI dravyoM ko nahIM jAnatA hai| bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna deva aura naraka bhava (paryAya) ke kAraNa utpanna hotA hai| ataeva yaha deva aura nArakiyoM ke hotA hai| tathA tIrthaMkaroM ke bhI hotA hai aura yaha sampUrNa aMgoM se utpanna hotA hai| guNapratyaya avadhi-jJAna samyagdarzana tathA tapazcaraNa Adi guNoM ke kAraNa utpanna hotA hai aura manuSya tathA tiryaMcoM ke hotA hai| isameM avadhijJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama nimitta hotA hai| yaha nAbhi ke Upara zaMkha, padma, vajra, svastika, kalaza Adi jo zubha cihna hote haiM usa jagaha ke AtmapradezoM meM hotA hai| bhava-pratyaya avadhi sampUrNa AtmapradezoM se hotA hai|12 guNa-pratyaya yA kSayopazama nimittaka avadhijJAna anugAmI Adi ke bheda se chaha prakAra kA hotA hai| 13 avadhijJAna ke dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi ye tIna bheda bhI kiye gaye haiN| bhavapratyaya avadhi niyama se dezAvadhi hI hotA hai aura darzana-vizuddhi Adi guNoM ke nimitta se hone vAlA guNapratyaya avadhijJAna dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi isa taraha tInoM prakAra kA hotA hai|14 dezAvadhi jJAna saMyata tathA asaMyata donoM prakAra ke manuSya aura tiryaMcoM ke hotA hai| utkRSTa dezAvadhi jJAna saMyata jIvoM ke hI hotA hai kintu paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi carama zarIrI (usI bhava se mokSa jAne 108 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #111
vAle) tathA mahAvratI munirAja ke hI hotA hai|15 dezAvadhi jJAna pratipAtI hotA hai arthAt kevalajJAna utpanna hone ke pahale hI chUTa jAtA hai parantu sarvAvadhi aura paramAvadhi apratipAtI hote haiN| avadhi-jJAna sUkSma rUpa se eka paramANu ko viSaya karatA hai| (2) manaparyayajJAna16--jo kisI kI sahAyatA ke binA hI anya puruSa ke mana meM sthita rUpI padArthoM ko eka deza spaSTa jAnatA hai use mana:paryayajJAna kahate haiN| yaha jJAna bhUtakAla meM cintavana kiye gaye athavA jisakA bhaviSyat kAla meM cintavana kiyA jAegA athavA vartamAna meM jisakA cintavana kiyA jA rahA hai ityAdi aneka bheda-svarUpa dUsare ke mana meM sthita padArtha ko ekadeza spaSTa jAnatA hai| mana kA kArya cintana karanA hai ata: mana ke cintana kI jitanI bhI paryAya yA avasthAe~ hotI haiM unako mana:paryayajJAnI jAna letA hai| isIlie isa jJAna ko manaHparyaya kahA gayA hai| manaHparyayajJAna Rjumati aura vipulamati ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai|17 Rjumati mana:paryayajJAna mana, vacana aura kAya kI saralatA se cintita, dUsare ke mana meM sthita padArtha ko jAna letA hai tathA vipula-mati mana:paryayajJAna sarala tathA jaTila rUpa se para ke mana meM sthita padArtha ko jAnatA hai| Rjumati mana:paryayajJAna vartamAna meM jisakA cintana kiyA jA rahA hai aise padArtha ko jAnatA hai aura vipulamati jJAna bhUta, bhaviSyat tathA vartamAna meM cintita padArtha ko bhI jAnatA hai| Rjumati kI apekSA vipulamati meM AtmA ke bhAvoM kI zuddhatA adhika hotI hai tathA Rjumati hokara chUTa bhI jAtA hai para vipulamati kevalajJAna ke pahale nahIM chuutttaa|18 avadhijJAna aura mana:paryayajJAna meM vizuddhi, kSetra, svAmI aura viSaya kI apekSA vizeSatA hotI hai| arthAt avadhijJAna kI apekSA mana:paryayajJAna meM adhika vizuddhatA pAI jAtI hai, kSetra bhI adhika hotA hai| svAmI kI apekSA manaHparyayajJAna uttama RddhidhArI muniyoM ke hI hotA hai para avadhijJAna cAroM gatiyoM ke jIvoM ke ho sakatA hai| aura manaHparyayajJAna kA viSaya bhI adhika sUkSma hotA hai| sakalapratyakSa jo sampUrNa ho arthAt jo jJAna samasta padArthoM aura unakI trikAla-vartI samasta paryAyoM ko eka hI samaya meM eka hI sAtha jAnatA hai use sakala pratyakSa kahate haiN| yaha sakala pratyakSa kevalajJAna rUpa hai| kevalajJAna120-jo jJAna saba dravyoM tathA unakI saba traikAlika paryAyoM ko eka sAtha spaSTa jAnatA hai vaha kevalajJAna kahalAtA hai| yaha kevalajJAna sampUrNa, samagra, kevala, pratipakSarahita, sarva-padArtha-gata aura lokAloka meM andhakAra rahita hotA hai| tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 109 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #112
yaha jJAna Atma-mAtra sApekSa hotA hai arthAt AtmA kI pUrNa vizuddhatA hone para yaha jJAna prakaTa hotA hai| isameM indriya Adi kI apekSA nahIM hotI hai| yaha pUrNataH nirmala aura atIndriya jJAna hai| yaha karmoM ke kSaya se hotA hai| isako prApta karane vAlA mahApuruSa kevalI yA sarvajJa kahalAtA hai| jisa mahApuruSa ko sarvajJatA prApta ho jAtI hai vaha pUrNa jJAtA ho jAtA hai| jainadarzana meM sarvajJatA kA viziSTa sthAna hai, kintu cArvAka aura mImAMsaka ye do hI darzana aise haiM jo sarvajJatA ko svIkAra nahIM karate, zeSa sabhI bhAratIya darzana sarvajJatA ko sapramANa svIkAra karate haiN| jaina dArzanika aura Agama granthoM meM sarvajJatA kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama AcArya kundakunda ne pravacanasAra ke jJAnatattva-prajJApanAdhikAra meM vizleSaNAtmaka DhaMga se sarvajJatA kI siddhi kI hai|27 isake pazcAt inake uttaravartI mahAn dArzanika AcArya samantabhadra, siddhasena, akalaMka, haribhadra, vidyAnandi Adi ne aneka puSTa pramANoM aura tarkoM ke AdhAra para sarvajJasiddhi kI hai| mImAMsA darzana ke lie to sarvajJatA kA viSaya bahuta hI vivAdAspada rahA hai| isa darzana ne sarvajJatA ke niSedha meM aneka tarka prastuta kiye haiM; kintu jaina dArzanikoM ne una tarkoM kA khaNDana bar3I yuktiyoM se karate hue sarvajJatA kI siddhi meM apanI vizeSa pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai| parokSa pramANa aspaSTa athavA avizada/22 jJAna ko parokSa kahate haiN| jisa jJAna meM indriya, mana, prakAzAdi para sAdhanoM kI apekSA rahatI hai vaha parokSa kahalAtA hai| vAstava meM jo jJAna sva-para prakAzaka yA sva-para kA nizcAyaka hote hue bhI aspaSTa hotA hai use parokSa pramANa kahA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM jisa indriya-sApekSa jJAna ko parokSa kahA gayA hai usa jJAna ko jainetara darzanoM meM athavA loka meM pratyakSa kahA gayA hai aura jisa indriya nirapekSa yA indriya vyApAra rahita jJAna ko jainadarzana meM pratyakSa kahA gayA hai usa jJAna ko jainetara darzanoM meM athavA loka meM parokSa kahA gayA hai|24 vastutaH 'parokSa' zabda se to yahI artha pratIta hotA hai ki jo jJAna indriyAdi para kI apekSA se hotA hai vaha parokSa pramANa hai| isa viSaya kA samanvayAtmaka vizleSaNa AcArya akalaMka ne apane hI DhaMga se kiyA hai, jisakA vivecana Upara kiyA jA cukA hai| parokSa pramANa ke pA~ca bheda haiM-smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura aagm|125 (ka) smRti-saMskAra kA udbodha hone para smRti utpanna hotI hai arthAt 110 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #113
dhAraNA rUpa saMskAra ke jAgRta hone para smRti-jJAna utpanna hotA hai| yaha jJAna kisI bhI pramANa se pahale jAne hue padArtha ko hI jAnatA hai aura tat (vaha) isa prakAra se usakA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai| matalaba yaha hai ki dhAraNA nAma ke saMskAra se hone vAle aura 'tat' (vaha) isa prakAra se ullekhI jJAna ko smRti kahate haiM jaisevaha devadatta / / 26 kisI vyakti ne pahale devadatta nAmaka vyakti ko dekhA aura usane usake sambandha meM dhAraNA kara lii| bAda meM dhAraNA rUpa saMskAra ubuddha huA aura use smaraNa AyA ki vaha devadatta hai| isa prakAra pahale jAnI huI vastu ke smaraNa ko smRti kahate haiN| yadyapi smaraNa kA viSayabhUta padArtha sAmane nahIM hai, phira bhI vaha hamAre pUrva anubhava kA viSaya to thA hI aura usa anubhava kA dRr3ha saMskAra hameM sAdRzya Adi aneka nimittoM se usa padArtha ko mana meM aMkita kara detA hai| smaraNa ke kAraNa hI samasta loka-vyavahAra calatA hai| bauddha, mImAMsakAdi darzana7 smRtijJAna ko pramANa nahIM maante| unakA kathana hai ki gRhItagrAhI aura artha se anutpanna hone ke kAraNa smRtijJAna pramANa nahIM hai| para unakI yaha mAnyatA loka-vyavahAra meM bAdhaka hai tathA smRti ko pramANa mAne binA anumAna pramANa bhI nahIM banegA, kyoMki vaha vyApti ke smaraNa se utpanna hotA hai| lena-dena Adi ke laukika vyavahAra bhI smRti kI pramANatA ke binA bigar3a jaaeNge| ataH smRti kI pramANatA svataH siddha hai| (kha) pratyabhijJAna-pratyakSa aura smaraNa kI sahAyatA se jo saMkalanAtmaka yA jor3arUpa jJAna hotA hai use pratyabhijJAna kahate haiM / 128 jaise--yaha vahI devadatta hai, gavaya gau ke samAna hotA hai, bhaiMsa gau se vilakSaNa hotI hai, yaha usase dUra hai, ityAdi jitane bhI isa taraha ke jor3a rUpa jJAna hote haiM ve saba pratyabhijJAna haiN| ina udAharaNoM kA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra hai-sAmane devadatta ko dekhakara pahale dekhe hue devadatta kA smaraNa Ane se yaha jJAna hotA hai ki yaha vahI devadatta hai| isa jJAna ke hone meM pratyakSa aura smaraNa donoM kAraNa hote haiN| tathA yaha jJAna pahale dekhe hue devadatta meM aura vartamAna meM sAmane vidyamAna devadatta meM rahane vAle ekatva ko viSaya karatA hai, isalie ise ekatva-pratyabhijJAna kahate haiN| kisI manuSya ne gavaya nAma kA pazu dekhA, dekhate hI use pahale dekhI huI gau kA smaraNa huA, isake pazcAt 'gau ke samAna yaha gavaya hai' aisA jJAna hotA hai| yaha sAdRzya-pratyabhijJAna hai| bhaiMsa ko dekhakara gau kA smaraNa ho Ane para 'bhaiMsa gau se vilakSaNa hotI hai' isa prakAra se hone vAlA yaha jJAna vaisAdRzya-pratyabhijJAna kahA jAtA hai| isI taraha pratyakSa aura smaraNa ke viSayabhUta padArthoM meM paraspara kI apekSA ko liye hue jitane bhI jor3arUpa jJAna hote haiM, jaise yaha usase dUra hai, yaha usase pAsa hai, yaha U~cA hai yA yaha usase tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 111 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #114
nIcA hai Adi, ye saba pratyabhijJAna haiN| __naiyAyika 29 sAdRzya ko jAnane vAle upamAna nAmaka pramANa ko alaga mAnate haiM; kintu unakI yaha mAnyatA ThIka nahIM; kyoMki aisA mAnane para to ekatA, vilakSaNatA Adi ko jAnane vAle pramANa bhI alaga-alaga mAnane pdd'eNge| kaI loga pratyabhijJAna ko svatantra pramANa nahIM mAnate, para ekatA aura sadRzatA dUsare kisI bhI pramANa se nahIM jAnI jAtI, ataeva use pRthak pramANa mAnanA hI caahie| (ga) tarka-vyApti ke jJAna ko tarka kahate haiN| arthAt upalambha aura anupalambha se hone vAlA, trikAlasambandhI vyApti ko jAnane vAlA, 'yaha usake hone para hI hotA hai, isake abhAva meM nahIM hotA hai' ityAdi AkAra vAlA jJAna tarka hai| isake cintA, UhA, UhApoha Adi nAmAntara bhI haiN| jaise-agni ke hone para dhUma hotA hai agni ke abhAva meM dhUma nahIM hotaa|130 ____ jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hotA hai vahA~-vahA~ agni hotI hai| isa prakAra ke avinAbhAva sambandha ko vyApti kahate haiN| yaha avinAbhAva sambandha traikAlika hotA hai| jisa jJAna se isa sambandha kA nirNaya hotA hai use tarka kahate haiN| tarkajJAna upalambha aura anupalambha se utpanna hotA hai| dhUma aura agni ko eka sAtha dekhanA upalambha hai aura agni ke abhAva meM dhUma kA abhAva jAnanA anupalambha hai| bAra-bAra upalambha aura bAra-bAra anupalambha hone se vyApti kA jJAna (tarka) utpanna ho jAtA hai| naiyAyikAdi tarka ko bhI pramANa nahIM mAnate, kintu yadi tarka jJAna ko pramANa na mAnA jAye to anumAna pramANa kI utpatti nahIM ho sktii| tarka se dhUma aura agni kA avinAbhAva sambandha nizcita ho jAne para hI dhUma se agni kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataeva anumAna ko pramANa mAnane vAle ukta sabhI dArzanikoM ko tarka ko bhI pramANa mAnanA caahie| (gha) anumAna-sAdhana se hone vAle sAdhya ke jJAna ko anumAna kahate haiN|132 sAdhana ko liMga aura sAdhya ko liMgI bhI kahate haiN| ataH aisA bhI kaha sakate haiM ki liMga se liMgI ke jJAna ko anumAna kahate haiN|133 liMga arthAt cihna aura liMgI arthAt usa cihna vaalaa| jaise-dhUma se agni ko jAna lenA anumAna hai| yahA~ dhUma sAdhana athavA liMga hai aura agni sAdhya athavA liMgI hai| agni kA cihna dhUma hai| kahIM dhuA~ uThatA dikhAI de to grAmINa loga bhI dhue~ ko dekha kara yaha anumAna kara lete haiM ki vahA~ Aga jala rahI hai| kyoMki binA Aga ke dhuA~ nahIM uTha sktaa| ataH aise kisI avinAbhAvI cihna ko dekhakara usa cihna vAle ko jAna lenA anumAna hai| liMgagrahaNa aura vyAptismaraNa ke anu-pazcAt yA pIche hone vAlA, mAna-jJAna anumAna kahalAtA hai| 112 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #115
sAdhana aisA honA cAhie jo sAdhya kA avinAbhAvI rUpa se sunizcita ho| arthAt sAdhya ke hone para hI ho aura sAdhya ke na hone para na ho| aisA sAdhana hI sAdhya kI ThIka pratIti karatA hai| isIlie akalaMka deva ne sAdhana ko 'sAdhyAvinAbhAvAbhinibodhaka lakSaNa' kahA hai| arthAt sAdhya ke sAtha sunizcita avinAbhAva hI sAdhana kA pradhAna lakSaNa hai| isI ko hetu bhI kahate haiN|34 anyathAnupapatti bhI isI kA nAma hai / 135 'anyathA' arthAt sAdhya ke abhAva meM sAdhana kI 'anupapatti' arthAt abhAva ko anyathAnupapatti kahate haiN| avinAbhAva bhI vahI kahalAtA hai avinAbhAva kA padaccheda (a+vinA+bhAva) pUrvaka isa prakAra artha kiyA jA sakatA hai-avinAbhAva arthAt vinA/yAni sAdhya ke abhAva meM, a-yAni sAdhana kA na, bhAva yAnI honA arthAt sAdhya ke abhAva meM sAdhana kA na honA avinAbhAva hai| avinAbhAva, anyathAnupapatti, vyApti-ye saba ekArtha vAcaka zabda haiN| avinAbhAva sambandha ko vyApti kahate haiM aura sahabhAvaniyama tathA kramabhAva niyama ko avinAbhAva kahate haiN| yaha avinAbhAva hI anumAna kA mUlAdhAra hai| sahabhAvI rUpa, rasAdi tathA vRkSa aura ziMzapA Adi vyApya-vyApaka bhUta padArthoM meM sahabhAva niyama hotA hai| 37 niyatapUrvavartI aura uttaravartI kRttikodaya aura zakaTodaya meM tathA kArya-kAraNa bhUta agni aura dhUma Adi meM kramabhAva niyama hotA hai|38 ataH jo sAdhya ke abhAva meM na rahatA ho aura sAdhya ke sadbhAva meM hI rahatA ho vahI sAdhana saccA sAdhana yA hetu hai| vahI sAdhya kI siddhi karane meM samartha hai| aise sAdhana se hI sAdhya ke jJAna ko anumAna pramANa kahate haiN| - isa prakAra jainadarzana meM anumAna ke lakSaNa ke sAtha hetu kA nirdoSa lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai| - hetu-lakSaNa-jainadarzanamAnya hetu ke ukta lakSaNa ke viSaya meM jainetara dArzanikoM ke vibhinna mata upalabdha hote haiN| isa viSaya meM bauddhoM kA kahanA hai ki hetu kA jo 'sAdhyAvinAbhAva' lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai, vaha ThIka nahIM hai| hetu kA eka lakSaNa nahIM hai, kintu usake tIna lakSaNa haiM-1. pakSadharmatva, 2. sapakSasatva aura 3. vipkssvyaavRtti| hetu ko pakSa kA dharma honA cAhie, sapakSa meM rahanA cAhie aura vipakSa meM nahIM hI rahanA caahie| jisameM ye tInoM lakSaNa pAye jAte haiM, vahI hetu samyak hetu hai| jaise isa parvata meM agni hai; kyoMki yaha dhUma vAlA hai| jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hotA hai vahA~-vahA~ agni avazya hotI hai, jaise rsoiighr| aura jahA~ agni nahIM hotI hai vahA~ dhUma bhI nahIM hotA, jaise taalaab| isa anumAna meM 'parvata' pakSa hai| 'agni' sAdhya hai, 'dhUmavAlA' hetu hai, rasoIghara sapakSa hai aura tAlAba vipakSa hai| jahA~ sAdhya kI siddhi kI jAtI hai use pakSa kahate haiN| jaise Upara ke anumAna meM parvata tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 113 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #116
meM agni siddha karatA hai ataH parvata pakSa hai / jahA~ sAdhana ke sadbhAva se sAdhya kA sadbhAva dikhAyA jAye use sapakSa kahate haiM / jaise- rasoIghara / jahA~ sAdhya ke abhAva meM sAdhana kA bhI abhAva dikhAyA jAve use vipakSa kahate haiM, jaise tAlAba / Upara ke anumAna meM dhUmavatva hetu parvata (pakSa) meM rahatA hai, sapakSa rasoIghara meM bhI rahatA hai, kintu vipakSa tAlAba meM nahIM rahatA / ataH vaha nirdoSa hetu hai| hetu ke pakSa meM rahane se asiddhatA nAma kA doSa nahIM rahatA, sapakSa meM rahane se viruddhatA nAmakA doSa nahIM rahatA aura vipakSa meM na rahane se anaikAntika nAma kA doSa nahIM rahatA / yadi hetu pakSa meM na rahe to asiddhatA doSa dUra nahIM ho sakatA, yadi hetu sapakSa meM na rahe to viruddhatA doSa dUra nahIM ho sakatA aura yadi hetu vipakSa meM bhI rahatA hai to anaikAntika doSa dUra nahIM ho sakatA / ataH 'trairUpya' hI hetu kA lakSaNa ThIka hai / kintu trairUpya hetu ke lakSaNa kA nirAkaraNa karate hue jainadarzana kA mata hai ki hetu kA lakSaNa pakSadharmatva Adi trairUpya nahIM hai; kyoMki trairUpya to sadoSa hetuoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| jaise yadi agni kA lakSaNa 'sattva' kiyA jAya to vaha ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki sat to pratyeka padArtha hotA hai / isItaraha pakSadharmatva Adi trairUpya hetvAbhAsa (sadoSa hetu) meM bhI raha jAtA hai, ataH trairUpya hetu kA lakSaNa ThIka nahIM hai, kintu 'sAdhyAvinAbhAva' yA anyathAnupapatti hI hetu kA samIcIna lakSaNa hai, bauddhakalpita trairUpya hetu kA lakSaNa samIcIna nahIM hai| isI se AcArya pAtra - kesarI ne ukta trilakSaNa yA trairUpya kA kadarthana (khaNDana) karane ke lie 'trilakSaNakadarthana' nAma kA grantha racA thA aura isI grantha meM unhoMne kahA hai ki 'jahA~ anyathAnupapatti yA avinAbhAva hai vahA~ trairUpya yA trirUpatA se kyA prayojana hai ? arthAt trairUpya mAnane se koI lAbha nahIM aura jahA~ anyathAnupapatti nahIM hai vahA~ trirUpatA hone se bhI kyA prayojana hai? arthAt usakA honA yA na honA donoM hI barAbara haiN| 140 naiyAyikoM ne 141 bauddhoM ke trairUpya kI taraha pA~carUpya ko hetu kA lakSaNa mAnA hai| ve pakSadharmatva, sapakSasatva, vipakSavyAvRtti, avAdhita viSayatva aura asatpratipakSatva isa prakAra paMca rUpa vAlA hetu mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki hetu kA pakSa meM rahanA, samasta sapakSoM meM yA kisI eka sapakSa meM rahanA, kisI bhI vipakSa meM nahIM pAyA jAnA, pratyakSAdi se sAdhya kA bAdhita nahIM honA aura tulyabala vAle kisI pratipakSI hetu kA nahIM honA ye pA~ca bAteM pratyeka sad hetu ke lie nitAnta Avazyaka haiN| kintu jainadarzana ke anusAra hetu kA yaha pA~carUpya lakSaNa bhI ThIka nahIM hai| hetu ke ina pA~ca lakSaNoM meM se pakSadharmatva, sapakSasatva aura vipakSavyAvRtti ina tIna kA to khaNDana Upara kiyA jA cukA hai aba zeSa haiM - avAdhitaviSayatva aura asatpratipakSatva / ina donoM kA bhI jainadarzana nirAkaraNa karatA hai / anyathAnupapatti athavA sAdhyAvinAbhAva 114 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #117
niyama ke binA na to hetu abAdhita viSaya hotA hai aura na asatpratipakSa hotA hai| 'abAdhita' viSaya kA artha hotA hai - hetu kA sAdhya kisI pramANa se bAdhita nahIM / jaise - agni ThaNDI hotI hai; kyoMki dravya hai, jaise jala / isa anumAna meM agni kA ThaNDApana sAdhya hai, kintu yaha sAdhya pratyakSa pramANa se bAdhita hai; kyoMki pratyakSa se agni uSNa siddha hai| ataH yaha bAdhita viSaya hai; kyoMki 'jo jo dravya ho vaha - vaha ThaNDA ho' aisA koI avinAbhAva niyama nahIM hai / dravya ThaNDe bhI hote haiM aura garama bhI hote haiN| ataH avinAbhAva ke abhAva ke binA koI hetu bAdhita viSaya nahIM ho sakatA / bAdhita viSaya aura avinAbhAva kA paraspara meM virodha hai / sAdhya ke sadbhAva meM hI hetu kA pakSa meM rahanA avinAbhAva hai aura sAdhya ke abhAva meM hetu kA rahanA bAdhita viSaya hai / asatpratipakSa kA artha hai - jisakA koI pratipakSa na ho / jaise--kisI ne kahA- yaha jagat kisI buddhimAna kA banAyA huA hai; kyoMki kArya hai| dUsare ne kahA- yaha jagat kisI kA banAyA huA nahIM haiM; kyoMki usakA koI kartA nahIM hai| yaha satpratipakSa hai / aba yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya hai ki asatpratipakSatA se tulya balavAle pratipakSa kA niSedha iSTa hai / athavA atulya balavAle pratipakSa kA niSedha iSTa hai ? yadi pakSa aura pratipakSa donoM samAna balavAle hoM to unameM bAdhyabAdhaka - bhAva nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki jo samAna bala - vAle hote haiM unameM bAdhya - . bAdhaka - bhAva nahIM hotA, jaise samAna balazAlI do rAjAoM meN| yadi pakSa aura pratipakSa atulya balavAle haiM to unake atulya bala hone kA kAraNa kyA hai - eka meM pakSadharmatA vagairaha kA honA aura eka meM unakA na honA athavA anumAnabAdhA ? prathama pakSa ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki pakSadharmatA Adi donoM anumAnoM meM pAyI jAtI hai / jaise, eka ne kahA- 'yaha manuSya mUrkha hai; kyoMki amuka - kA putra hai / ' dUsare ne kahA'yaha manuSya mUrkha nahIM hai; kyoMki zAstra kA vyAkhyAna karatA hai|' ina donoM anumAnoM meM pakSadharmatA Adi pAI jAtI hai| dUsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai- kyoMki jaba donoM anumAnoM meM pakSadharmatA Adi pAI jAtI hai to unameM se eka bAdhita aura eka bAdhaka nahIM ho sakatA, anyathA donoM meM se koI bhI bAdhya aura koI bhI bAdhaka ho jAegA tathA anyonyAzraya nAma kA doSa bhI AtA hai- kyoMki jaba donoM anumAna atulya bala siddha hoM to anumAnabAdhA Aye aura jaba anumAna bAdhA ho to atulyabalatva siddha ho| ataH hetu kA lakSaNa avinAbhAva niyama nizcaya hI mAnanA cAhie / jainadarzana meM hetu kA eka rUpa hI mAnA hai aura vaha hai avinAbhAva niyama / usakA kahanA hai ki jaba tIna athavA pA~ca rUpoM ke nahIM hone para bhI kucha hetu gamaka ho sakate haiM to avinAbhAva niyama ko hI hetu kA lakSaNa mAnanA cAhie, tIna yA pA~ca rUpa to avinAbhAva kA hI vistAra hai / tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 115 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #118
isa prakAra hetu kA pA~ca rUpa vAlA lakSaNa ThIka nahIM haiN| ataeva AcArya vidyAnanda ne AcArya pAtrakesarI ke trairUpya ke khaNDana kI taraha naiyAyikoM ke ukta pA~ca rUpya kA khaNDana karate hue kahA hai-'jahA~ (kRtikodaya Adi hetuoM meM) anyathAnupapannatva yA avinAbhAva hai vahA~ paMca rUpoM se kyA lAbha? paMcarUpa na bhI hoM to bhI koI hAni nahIM aura jahA~ (maitrI-tanayatva Adi hetuoM meM) paMcarUpa hai aura anyathAnupapannatva nahIM hai, vahA~, paMca rUpa mAnane se kyA lAbha? ve vyartha haiN| 42 isI prakAra ina trairUpya aura pA~carUpya hetu lakSaNoM ke atirikta bhI kucha dArzanika dvilakSaNa, caturlakSaNa aura SaDlakSaNa Adi hetu-lakSaNoM ko svIkAra karate haiM, tarka granthoM meM ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| kintu hetu-lakSaNoM kI ye mAnyatAe~ ThIka nahIM hai, inakA tarkapUrNa DhaMga se sahaja hI meM nirAkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| (Ga) Agama pramANa-parokSa pramANa kA antima bheda Agama pramANa hai| jaina Agamika paramparA meM isakA prAcIna nAma 'zruta' hai| ataH zrutajJAna yA zabda jJAna ko Agama kahate haiN| Aptavacana yA dravya zruta ko bhI Agama kahA jAtA hai, kintu vAstava meM Agama vaha jJAna hai jo zrotA yA pAThaka ko Apta kI maukhika yA likhita vANI se hotA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra Apta ke vacanAdi ke nimitta se hone vAle padArtha jJAna ko Agama kahate hai| 43 karmoM ke vinAzaka, vItarAga, sarvajJa, hitopadezI AtmA ke vacanoM se tathA hAtha kI aMgulI Adi kI saMjJAoM, saMketoM Adi se hone vAle dravya, guNa aura paryAyoM ke jJAna ko Agama pramANa kahate haiN| vyavahAra meM bhI 'yo yatrAvaMcaka: saH tatrAptaH' arthAt jo jahA~ avaMcaka hai, vaha vahA~ Apta hai isa vyAkhyAna ke anusAra avisaMvAdI, avaMcaka aura prAmANika puruSa ke vacanoM ko sunakara jo arthabodha hotA hai, vaha bhI Agama kI maryAdA meM AtA hai| isIlie AcArya akalaMkadeva ne Apta kA vyApaka artha karate hue kahA hai ki jo jisa viSaya meM avisaMvAdaka hai, vaha usa viSaya meM Apta hai, usase bhinna anApta hai| 44 AptatA ke lie tadviSayaka jJAna aura usa viSaya meM avisaMvAdakatA yA avacaMkatA kA honA Avazyaka hai| isalie vyavahAra meM avaMcaka Apta yA prAmANika puruSa ke dvArA kiye gaye kathana kA jJAna bhI Agama pramANa hI mAnA jaaegaa| isI dRSTi se Apta ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM-1. laukika Apta aura 2. lokottara aapt| loka vyavahAra meM mAtA-pitA Adi prAmANika puruSa laukika Apta haiN| aura mokSa mArga ke upadeSTA sarvajJa tIrthaMkara, gaNadhara Adi prAmANika hote haiM isalie ve lokottara Apta haiN|45 isa prakAra Apta vacana ko Agama kahA gayA hai| ___mImAMsA darzana sarvajJa ko nahIM maantaa| usake anusAra koI bhI puruSa, kabhI 116 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #119
bhI sarvajJa nahIM ho sktaa| kintu unakI yaha mAnyatA ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki Aptokta hone se hI koI vacana pramANa ho sakatA hai, anyathA nhiiN| vaizaiSika aura bauddha darzana Agama jJAna yA zAbda-pramANa ko bhI anumAna kA hI rUpa mAnate haiN| jainadarzana ko yaha bAta mAnya nhiiN| kyoMki pUrva-abhyAsa kI sthiti meM zabda-jJAna vyApti nirapekSa hotA hai| eka vyakti khoTe-khare sikke ko jAnane vAlA hai, vaha use dekhate hI pahacAna letA hai| use UhApoha kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| yahI bAta zabdajJAna ke lie hai| zabda sunate hI sunane vAlA samajha jAtA hai| vaha anumAna nahIM hotaa| zabda sunane para usakA arthabodha na ho, usake lie vyApti kA sahArA lenA par3e to vaha avazya anumAna hogA, zAbda nhiiN| pratyakSa ke lie bhI yahI bAta hai| pratyeka vastu ke lie 'yaha amuka honA caahie|' aisA vikalpa bane taba yaha jJAna pratyakSa nahIM hogA, Agama vyApti-nirapekSa hone ke kAraNa anumAna ke antargataM nahIM aataa| jainadarzana ke anusAra Agama svataH pramANa, pauruSeya aura AptapraNIta hotA hai| (1) naya kA svarUpa-jainAcAryoM ne tattvAdhigama ke upAyoM meM pramANa ke sAtha naya kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai; kyoMki naya ke dvArA vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa kA parijJAna hotA hai| naya ke svarUpa ko jAnane ke lie usake vyutpattiparaka lakSaNoM ko samajhanA atyAvazyaka hai, ataH sarvaprathama usake vyutpattiparaka lakSaNoM kA vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| ..'naya' zabda 'NI' prApaNe dhAtu se kRdanta kA 'ac' pratyaya lagAne para siddha hotA hai, jisakI vyutpatti kartR-vAcya meM 'nayati prApnoti, jAnAti vastu svarUpaM yaH sa: nayaH' isa rUpa se aura karma vAcya meM 'nIyate, gamyate, paricchidyate, jJAyate'nena yena vA arthaH saH nayaH' isa rUpa se kI jAtI hai| ..AcArya vIrasena svAmI ne 'naya' zabda kA kartRvAcyaparaka vyutpatti kA ullekha karate hue usakA vizleSaNa kiyA hai; aneka guNa aura paryAyoM sahita athavA unake dvArA eka pariNAma se dUsare pariNAma meM, eka kSetra se dUsare kSetra meM aura eka kAla se dUsare kAla meM avinAzI svabhAva rUpa se rahane vAle dravya ko jo le jAtA hai arthAt usakA jJAna karAtA hai, use naya kahate haiM / 146 naya kisI vivakSita dharma dvArA hI dravya kA bodha karAtA hai| athavA jo aneka dharmAtmaka vastu ke kisI eka dharma kA jJAna karAtA hai, vaha naya hai| tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 117 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #120
AcArya devasena svAmI ne bhI 'naya' kI vyutpatti kartRvAcya meM kI hai 'jo nAnA svabhAvoM se haTAkara eka svabhAva meM vastu ko le jAtA hai, prApta karAtA hai, use sthApita karAtA hai yA usakA jJAna karAtA hai, use naya kahate haiN| 'arthAt aneka guNaparyAyAtmaka dravya kA kisI eka dharma kI mukhyatA se nizcaya karAne vAle jJAna ko naya kahate haiN| 147 isI prakAra anya AcAryoM ne bhI 'naya' zabda kI kartRvAcyaparaka aneka vyutpattiyA~ kI haiN| AcArya vidyAnanda svAmI ne 'naya' zabda kI karmavAcyaparaka vyutpatti karate hue kahA hai; jo zrutapramANa dvArA jAne gaye artha ke kisI eka aMza yA dharma kA kathana karatA hai, vaha naya hai / 148 isI prakAra zrI malliSeNa sUri 149 aura vAdideva sUri 150 ne bhI karmavAcya paraka vyutpattiyA~ kI haiN| zrutajJAna ke dvArA jAne hue padArtha kA eka dharma, anya dharmoM ko gauNa karake jisa abhiprAya se jAnA jAtA hai, vaktA kA vaha abhiprAya naya kahalAtA hai / arthAt zrutajJAna rUpa pramANa ananta dharmavAlI vastu ko grahaNa karatA hai| una ananta dharmoM meM se kisI eka dharma ko jAnane vAlA jJAna naya kahalAtA hai| naya jaba vastu ke eka dharma ko jAnatA hai taba vastu meM rahe hue zeSa dharmoM ko gauNa kara detA hai / isa prakAra kevala eka dharma ko mukhya karake use jAnane vAlA jJAna naya hai / AcArya samantabhadra ne zrutajJAna kA 'syAdvAda' zabda se nirdeza karate hue syAdvAda arthAt zrutajJAna dvArA gRhIta anekAntAtmaka padArtha ke dharmoM kA alaga-alaga kathana karane vAle jJAna ko naya kahA hai| 151 zrutapramANa ke vikalpa, bheda yA aMza ko bhI naya kahA gayA hai; kyoMki jJA meM hI naya rUpa aMza yA bheda hote haiN| 152 AcArya akalaMka ne naya-sAmAnya kA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai- 'pramANa se gRhIta astitva, nAstitva, nityatva, anityatva Adi anantadharmAtmaka jIvAdi padArthoM ke jo vizeSa dharma haiM, unakA nirdoSa kathana karanA naya kahalAtA hai|' $153 yaha naya pramANa-sApekSa hotA hai, isIlie AcArya vidyAnanda ne pramANa ke viSayabhUta 'sva' aura 'para' yAni padArtha ke eka deza yA aMza kA jisake dvArA nirNaya kiyA jAve use naya kahA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki pramANa se jAnI gayI vastu ke eka deza meM vastutva kI vivakSA kA nAma naya hai| pramANa se gRhIta vastu meM jo ekAnta rUpa vyavahAra hotA hai vaha nayamUlaka hai / ataH samasta vyavahAra naya ke AdhIna hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ne 'anekadharmAtmaka vastu meM virodha ke binA hetu kI mukhyatA 118 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #121
se sAdhya-vizeSa kI yathArthatA ke prApta karAne meM samartha prayoga' ko naya kahA hai|155 ___ AcArya amRtacandra ne pramANa ke dvArA abhivyakta svarUpa vAlI anantadharmAtmaka vastu ke eka deza ko jAnane vAle jJAna' ko naya kahA hai|156 zrI mAilla dhavala ne bhI 'zrutajJAna kA Azraya liye hue jJAnI kA jo vikalpa vastu ke eka aMza ko grahaNa karatA hai use naya kahA hai|"57 yaha naya zrutajJAna kA bheda hai, isalie zruta ke AdhAra se hI naya kI pravRtti hotI hai| zruta pramANa hone se vastu ke sabhI dharmoM ko jAnane vAlA hai aura naya vastu ke aMza yA dharma ko grahaNa karane vAlA hai| isI se naya vikalpa rUpa hai| isa prakAra zruta-jJAna ke dvArA jAne gaye artha kA aMza jisake dvArA jAnA jAtA hai, use naya kahate AcArya prabhAcandra ne bhI 'nityAnitya, ekAneka, sadasadAdi paraspara virodhI aneka dharmoM vAlI vastu ke virodhI dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa na karate hue usa vastu ke kisI eka aMza yA dharma ko grahaNa karane vAle jJAtA ke abhiprAya ko naya kahA hai| 158 ___ AcArya yativRSabha ne 'samyagjJAna ko pramANa kahakara jJAtA ke hRdaya ke abhiprAya ko naya kahA hai| 15 ____ isI prakAra ke abhiprAya ko abhivyakta karate hue zrI yazovijayagaNI ne bhI 'zrutapramANa ke dvArA gRhIta ananta-dharmAtmaka vastu ke eka deza yA dharma ko grahaNa karane vAle kintu usa gRhIta dharma se itara dharmoM kA niSedha na karane vAle abhiprAya-vizeSa ko naya kahA hai'|160 - ukta sabhI AcAryoM kI nayaviSayaka paribhASAoM ke kathana kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki jainadarzana ke anusAra pratyeka vastu paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAle satasat, nitya-anitya, eka-aneka Adi dharma svarUpa hai, ataH vaha anekAntAtmaka yA aneka dharmAtmaka kahI jAtI hai aura isIlie jainadarzana ko bhI anekAntavAdI darzana kahA jAtA hai| ... vastu na sarvathA sat hI hai, na sarvathA asat hI, na sarvathA nitya hI hai, na sarvathA anitya hI, na sarvathA eka hI hai, na sarvathA aneka hI, na sarvathA bhedarUpa hI hai, na sarvathA abheda rUpa hI, na sarvathA sAmAnya rUpa hI hai, na sarvathA vizeSa rUpa hI, kintu dRSTi-bheda se yA kathaMcit yA kisI apekSA se sat hai to kisI apekSA se asat, kisI apekSA se nitya hai to kisI apekSA se anitya, kisI apekSA se sAmAnya rUpa hai to kisI apekSA se vizeSa rUpa, kisI apekSA se vAcya hai to kisI apekSA se avaacy| isa prakAra paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAle sat-asat Adi dharmoM kA tAdAtmyarUpa hI vastu hai| yaha anekAntAtmaka vastu hI pramANa kA viSaya tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 119 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #122
hai| yaha pramANa ananta dharmavAlI vastu ko samagrabhAva se grahaNa karatA hai| isIlie pramANa ko sakalAdezI kahA gayA hai|62 kintu isa anantadharmavAlI vastu ke kisI eka dharma kI mukhyatA se vaktA apane abhiprAyAnusAra kathana karatA hai| jaise, devadatta vyakti kisI kA pitA aura kisI kA putra hai, kisI kA mAmA aura kisI kAM bhAnajA hai| isa prakAra apane nAnA sambandhiyoM kI apekSA se vaha nAnA sambandha vAlA hai, kintu una nAnA sambandhoM meM se putratva dharma kI vivakSA se usakA pitA use putra kahatA hai, pitatva dharma kI vivakSA se usakA putra use pitA kahatA hai, mAtulatva dharma kI apekSA se usakA bhAnajA use mAmA kahatA hai aura bhagineyatva dharma kI vivakSA se usakA mAmA use bhAnajA kahatA hai| isa taraha vivakSA bheda se jo vastu ke eka dharma kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha naya hai| naya vastu ke kisI eka vivakSita dharma kA grAhaka hai arthAt usakA jJAna karAne vAlA hai| isIlie naya ko vikalAdezI kahA gayA hai|163 samasta lokavyavahAra nayAdhIna hai; kyoMki jJAtA pUrNa vastu ko jAnakara bhI apane abhiprAya ke anusAra usakA kathana karatA hai| isI se jJAtA ke abhiprAya ko naya kahate haiM / 164 aura pramANa se gRhIta vastu ke eka deza meM vastu kA nizcaya hI abhiprAya hai|65 naya jJAna jJAtA ke abhiprAya se sambandha rakhatA hai| usameM jJAtA ke abhiprAyAnusAra vastu pratibimbita hotI hai| ataH jJAtA kA vaha abhiprAyavizeSa naya hai, jo pramANa ke dvArA jAnI gayI vastu ke eka deza ko sparza karatA hai| jo pramANa dvArA nizcita kiye gaye aneka dharmAtmaka vastu ke eka-eka aMga kA jJAna mukhyatA se karAtA hai, vaha naya hai| naya vastu kA sApekSa nirUpaNa karatA hai| isI se naya sApekSa hone para hI samyak kahe jAte haiM; kyoMki.pratyeka naya dRSTibheda se vastu ke eka dharma ko grahaNa karatA hai| ananta dharmAtmaka vastu ke kisI eka dharma kI apekSA se usake anya dharmoM kA niSedha na karate hue, kintu unako gauNa karate hue, usa vastu kA vivecana karanA naya hai| naya kisI vastu meM apane apekSita dharma ko siddha karate hue anya dharmoM meM udAsIna hokara usa vastu kA vivecana karatA hai| ata: anekAntAtmaka vastu kA jisa dharma kI vivakSA se vaktA kathana karatA hai usake usI abhiprAya ko jAnane vAle jJAna ko naya kahA jAtA hai| vastu meM ananta dharma haiM, isalie unake avayava ananta taka ho sakate haiM aura isIlie avayava ke jJAna rUpa naya bhI ananta ho sakate haiN| yaha naya-vyavasthA pramANa meM hI hotI hai, apramANa meM nahIM, dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki naya hamezA pramANa kA aMzarUpa hI rahatA hai, pUrNa rUpa nhiiN| yadi apramANa meM bhI naya vyavasthA mAna lI jAye to kisI bhI vastu kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai aura sarvatra avyavasthA yA anavasthA upasthita ho jaaegii| 120 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #123
(2) pramANa aura naya meM antara-pramANa aura naya donoM jJAna hI haiM arthAt jitanA bhI samIcIna jJAna hai, vaha pramANa aura naya do bhAgoM meM ba~TA huA hai parantu una donoM meM antara yaha hai ki naya vastu ke eka aMza kA bodha karAtA hai aura pramANa sarva aMzoM kaa| pramANa vastu ke pUrNa rUpa ko grahaNa karatA hai aura naya pramANa ke dvArA gRhIta vastu ke eka aMza yA dharma kA jJAna karAtA hai| AcArya siddhasena ne kahA hai; anekAntAtmaka yA aneka dharmAtmaka vastu pramANa svarUpa jJAna kA viSaya hai aura una aneka dharmoM meM se kisI eka dharma se viziSTa vastu naya kA viSaya mAnA gayA hai| 166 vastu meM aneka dharma hote haiM, unameM se jaba kisI eka dharma ke dvArA vastu kA nizcaya kiyA jAya taba vaha naya hai| jaise-nityAnityAtmaka vastu meM nityatva dharma dvArA 'AtmA yA pradIpAdi vastue~ nitya haiM' aisA nizcaya karanA naya hai aura aneka dharma dvArA vastu kA aneka rUpa se nizcaya kiyA jAya, jaise nityatva, anityatva Adi dharmoM dvArA 'AtmA yA pradIpAdi vastue~ nityAnityAdi aneka rUpa haiM' aisA nizcaya karanA pramANa hai| athavA dUsare zabdoM meM, yaha samajhanA cAhie ki 'naya' yaha pramANa kA eka aMzamAtra hai aura 'pramANa' yaha aneka nayoM kA samUha hai; kyoMki naya vastu ko eka dRSTi se grahaNa karatA hai aura pramANa use aneka dRSTiyoM se grahaNa karatA aMza-aMzI yA dharma-dharmI kA bheda kiye binA vastu kA jo akhaNDa-jJAna hotA hai, vaha pramANa-jJAna hai tathA dharma-dharmI kA bheda kara ke kisI eka dharma dvArA vastu kA jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha naya jJAna hai| matijJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyayajJAna aura kevalajJAna-ye cAra jJAna mUka haiM, ataH ye dharma-dharmI kA bheda kiye binA vastu ko jAnate haiM isalie ye saba ke saba pramANa jJAna haiM aura zrutajJAna amUka hai, ataeva vicArAtmaka hone se usameM kabhI dharmadharmI kA bheda kiye binA vastu pratibhAsita hotI hai aura kabhI dharma-dharmI kA bheda hokara vastu kA bodha hotA hai| jaba-jaba dharma-dharmI kA bheda kiye binA vastu pratibhAsita hotI hai taba-taba vaha zrutajJAna pramANajJAna kahalAtA hai aura jaba-jaba usameM dharma-dharmI kA bheda hokara kisI eka dharma dvArA vastu kA jJAna hotA hai tabataba vaha naya-jJAna kahalAtA hai isI kAraNa se nayoM ko zrutajJAna kA bheda kahA gayA hai| udAharaNArtha-'jIva hai', aisA mana kA vikalpa pramANa jJAna hai| yadyapi jIva kA vyutpattyartha 'jo jItA hai, vaha jIva hai 168- isa prakAra hotA hai| tathApi jisa samaya 'jIva' hai, yaha vikalpa mana meM AyA usa samaya vikalpa dvArA 'jo cetanAdi ananta guNoM kA piNDa hai' vaha padArtha samajhA gayA, isalie yaha jJAna 'pramANa-jJAna' tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 121 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #124
hI hai; tathA nityatva dharma dvArA 'AtmA nitya hai' aisA mana kA vikalpa naya jJAna hai; kyoMki yahA~ dharma-dharmI kA bheda hokara eka dharma dvArA dharmI kA bodha huaa| isI prakAra. . indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se yA indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA jo padArtha kA jJAna hotA hai, vaha sabakA saba pramANa jJAna hai, kintu usake bAda usa padArtha ke viSaya meM usakI vividha avasthAoM kI apekSA kramazaH jo vividha mAnasika vikalpa hote haiM, ve saba naya-jJAna haiN| naya-jJAna vizleSaNAtmaka hotA hai| naya se ananta dharmAtmaka vastu ke eka dharma kA bodha hotA hai aura jo bodha hotA hai vaha yathArtha hotA hai| pramANa-jJAna ananta dharma vAlI vastu ko samagra bhAva se grahaNa karatA hai, usameM aMza-vibhAjana karane kI ora usakA lakSya nahIM hotaa| jaise-'ayaM ghaTaH', 'yaha ghar3A hai', isa jJAna meM pramANa ghar3e ko akhaNDa bhAva se usake rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza tathA kaniSTha-jyeSTha Adi ananta-guNa-dharmoM kA vibhAga na karake pUrNa rUpa meM jAnatA hai, jabaki koI bhI naya usakA vibhAjana karake 'rUpavAn ghaTa:''rasavAn ghaTa:' Adi rUpa meM use apane-apane abhiprAya ke anusAra jAnatA hai| pramANa aura naya jJAna kI hI vRttiyA~ haiN| donoM jJAnAtmaka paryAya haiN| jaba jJAtA kI sakala dharmoM ko grahaNa karane kI dRSTi hotI hai taba usakA jJAna pramANa jJAna' kahalAtA hai aura jaba usI pramANa se gRhIta vastu ko khaNDazaH grahaNa karane kA abhiprAya hotA hai, taba vaha aMzagrAhI abhiprAya 'naya' kahalAtA hai| pramANajJAna naya kI utpatti ke lie bhUmikA taiyAra karatA hai| jaba jJAna pUrI vastu ko grahaNa karatA hai taba vaha pramANa kahA jAtA hai tathA jaba vaha usI vastu ke eka aMza ko jAnatA hai taba naya kahA jAtA hai| parvata ke eka bhAga dvArA pUre parvata kA akhaNDa bhAva se jJAna pramANa hai aura usI aMza kA jJAna naya hai| akhaNDa vastugrAhI yathArtha jJAna pramANa hotA hai, isa sthiti meM vastu ko khaNDaza: jAnane vAlA vicAra ny| pramANa kA cihna hai 'syAt' aura naya kA cihna hai 'sat' / pramANavAkya ko 'syAdvAda' kahA jAtA hai aura naya vAkya ko 'sdvaad'| vAstavika dRSTi se pramANa svArtha hotA hai aura naya svArtha aura parArtha donoN| eka sAtha aneka dharma kahe nahIM jA skte| isalie pramANa kA vAkya nahIM bntaa| vAkya bane binA parArtha kaise bane? pramANavAkya se jo parArtha banatA hai, usake do kAraNa hai (1) abhedavRtti praadhaany| (2) abhedopcaar| dravyArthika arthAt dravya hI jisakA prayojana hai athavA kevala dravya ko viSaya 122 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #125
karane vAle naya ke anusAra dravya ke dharmoM meM abheda hotA hai aura paryAyArthika arthAt paryAya yA avasthA hI jisakA prayojana hai athavA kevala paryAya yA avasthA ko viSaya karane vAle naya kI dRSTi se unameM bheda hone para bhI abhedopacAra kiyA jAtA hai| ina do nimittoM se vastu ke ananta dharmoM ko abhinna mAnakara eka guNa kI mukhyatA se jaba akhaNDa vastu kA pratipAdana vivakSita ho, taba pramANa-vAkya banatA hai| jainadarzana meM yaha vAkya sakalAdeza kahA jAtA hai| isalie isameM vastu ko vibhakta karane vAle anya guNoM kI vivakSA nahIM hotii| vastu pratipAdana ke do prakAra haiM-krama aura yaugpdy| inake sivAya tIsarA mArga nahIM hai| inakA AdhAra hai, bheda aura abheda kI vivkssaa|69 yaugapadya-paddhati pramANa vAkya hai| bheda kI vivakSA meM eka zabda eka kAla meM eka dharma kA hI pratipAdana kara sakatA hai| yaha anupacarita paddhati hai| yaha krama kI maryAdA meM parirvatana nahIM lA sakatI, isalie ise vikalAdeza kahA jAtA hai, jo nayAdhIna hai| vikalAdeza kA artha hai, niraMza vastu meM guNa-bheda se aMza kI kalpanA krnaa| akhaNDa vastu meM kAla Adi kI dRSTi se vibhinna aMzoM kI kalpanA karanA asvAbhAvika nahIM hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki pramANa jJAta vastu-bhAga dvArA sakala vastu ko grahaNa karatA hai jaba ki naya usake vikala arthAt eka aMza ko grahaNa karatA hai| jaise-A~kha se ghaTa ke rUpa ko dekhakara rUpa mukhena pUrNa ghaTa kA grahaNa karanA 'sakalAdeza' hai aura ghaTa meM 'rUpa' hai, isa rUpAMza ko jAnanA 'vikalAdeza' hai| ... AcArya vIrasena svAmI ne sakalAdeza aura vikalAdeza kA vizleSaNa bar3e sundara DhaMga se kiyA hai| unhoMne sakalAdeza kA vivecana karate hue kahA hai 'kathaMcit ghaTa hai, kathaMcit ghaTa nahIM hai, kathaMcit ghaTa avaktavya hai, kathaMcit ghaTa hai aura nahIM hai, kathaMcit ghaTa hai aura avaktavya hai, kathaMcit ghaTa nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai, kathaMcit ghaTa hai, nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai, isa prakAra ye sAtoM bhaMga sakalAdeza kahe jAte haiN| kyoMki ye sAtoM sunaya-vAkya kisI eka dharma ko pradhAna karake sAkalyarUpa se vastu kA pratipAdana karate haiM, isalie ye sakalAdeza rUpa haiM, kyoMki sAkalya rUpa se jo padArtha kA kathana karatA hai, vaha sakalAdeza kahA jAtA : isase Age unhoMne vikalAdeza ke svarUpa kA kathana kiyA hai___ 'ghaTa hai hI, ghaTa nahIM hI hai, ghaTa avaktavyarUpa hI hai, ghaTa hai hI aura nahIM hI hai, ghaTa hai hI aura avaktavya hI hai, ghaTa nahIM hI hai aura avaktavya hI hai, ghaTa hai hI, nahIM hI hai aura avaktavya rUpa hI hai, isa prakAra yaha vikalAdeza hai| kyoMki ke sAtoM vAkya eka-dharma viziSTa vastu kA hI pratipAdana karate haiM, isalie ye tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 123 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #126
vikalAdeza rUpa haiN| 172 tathA jisaprakAra sunaya vAkyoM se arthAt anekAnta ke avabodhaka vAkyoM se zrotA ko pramANa-jJAna hI utpanna hotA hai, usIprakAra durnayavAkyoM se arthAt ekAnta ke avabodhaka vAkyoM se bhI zrotA ko pramANa rUpa hI jJAna hotA hai, kyoMki ina sAtoM durnayavAkyoM se ekAnta ko viSaya karane vAlA bodha nahIM hotA hai| arthAt ye sAtoM vAkya artha kA kathana ekAnta rUpa hI karate haiM, tathApi unase jo jJAna hotA hai vaha anekAnta rUpa hI hotA hai| yaha vikalAdeza nayAdhIna hai arthAt naya ke vazIbhUta hai yA naya se utpanna hotA hai| ThIka yahI vivecana AcArya akalaMka, prabhAcandra74 Adi ne bhI kiyA hai| ina sabane pramANa saptabhaMgI ko sakalAdeza svabhAvavAlA aura naya-saptabhaMgI ko vikalAdeza svabhAvavAlA kahA hai| kyoMki ye donoM prakAra ke saptabhaMgI arthAt pramANa-saptabhaMgI aura naya saptabhaMgI krama se pramANa aura naya ke adhIna hone ke kAraNa sakalAdeza aura vikalAdeza svabhAvavAle haiN| sakalAdeza aura vikalAdeza ke viSaya meM AcArya vidyAnanda ne bhI kahA hai 'ananta dharmAtmaka vastu ko kAlAdi ke dvArA abheda kI pradhAnatA se athavA abheda kA upacAra karake eka sAtha pratipAdana karane vAlA vacana sakalAdeza kahalAtA hai; kyoMki vaha pramANa ke adhIna hai, aura vastu svarUpa ko bheda kI pradhAnatA se athavA bheda ke upacAra se krama se pratipAdana karane vAlA vacana vikalAdeza hai, kyoMki vaha naya ke adhIna hai|' ____ zrI vAdideva sUri ne 'pramANa se jAnI huI ananta dharmoM vAlI vastu ko kAla Adi ke dvArA abheda kI pradhAnatA se athavA abheda ke upacAra se eka sAtha pratipAdana karane vAle vacana ko sakalAdeza aura sakalAdeza se viparIta vAkya ko vikalAdeza' kahA hai| ____ 'vastu meM ananta dharma haiM,' yaha bAta pramANa se siddha hai| ataeva kisI bhI eka vastu kA pUrNa rUpeNa pratipAdana karane ke lie ananta zabdoM kA prayoga karanA cAhie, kyoMki eka zabda eka hI dharma kA pratipAdana kara sakatA hai| magara aisA karane se loka vyavahAra nahIM cala sakatA hai| ataeva hama eka zabda kA prayoga karate haiN| vaha eka zabda mukhya rUpa se eka dharma kA pratipAdana karatA hai aura zeSa bace hue dharmoM ko usa eka dharma se abhinna mAna lete haiN| isa prakAra eka zabda se eka dharma kA pratipAdana huA aura usase abhinna hone ke kAraNa zeSa dharmoM kA bhI pratipAdana ho gyaa| isa 124 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #127
upAya se eka hI zabda eka sAtha ananta dharmoM kA arthAt sampUrNa vastu kA pratipAdaka ho jAtA hai / isI ko sakalAdeza kahate haiM / zabda dvArA sAkSAt rUpa se pratipAdita dharma se zeSa dharmoM kA abheda kAla Adi dvArA hotA hai / kAla Adi ATha haiM- 1. kAla, 2. AtmarUpa 3. artha, 4. sambandha, 5. upakAra, 6. guNI - deza, 7. saMsarga, 8. zabda 1177 jaise - mAna lIjie, hameM astitva dharma se anya dharmoM kA abheda karanA hai to vaha isa prakAra hogA - jIva meM jisa kAla meM astitva dharma hai usI kAla meM anya dharma bhI haiM, ataH kAla kI apekSA astitva dharma se anyadharmoM kA abheda hai| isI prakAra zeSa sAta kI apekSA bhI abheda samajhanA cAhie / isI ko abheda kI pradhAnatA kahate haiM / dravyArthika naya ko mukhya aura paryAyArthika naya ko gauNa karane se abheda kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| jaba paryAyArthika naya mukhya aura dravyArthika naya gauNa hotA hai taba anantaguNa vAstava meM abhinna nahIM ho sakate, ataeva una guNoM meM abheda kA upacAra karanA par3atA hai| isa prakAra abheda kI pradhAnatA aura abheda ke upacAra se eka sAtha ananta dharmAtmaka vastu kA pratipAdana karane vAlA vAkya sakalAdeza kahalAtA hai| tathA naya ke viSayabhUta vastudharma kA kAla Adi dvArA bheda kI pradhAnatA athavA bheda ke upacAra se krama se pratipAdana karane vAlA vAkya vikalAdeza kahalAtA hai| sakalAdeza meM dravyArthika naya kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa vastu ke ananta dharmoM kA abheda kiyA jAtA hai aura vikalAdeza meM paryAyArthika naya kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa ina dharmoM kA bheda kiyA jAtA hai / yahA~ bhI ukta kAla Adi ATha ke AdhAra para hI bheda kiyA jAtA hai| paryAyArthika naya kahatA hai - eka hI kAla meM, eka hI vastu meM nAnA dharmoM kI sattA svIkAra kI jAegI to vastu bhI nAnA rUpa hI hogI - eka hI rUpa nahIM / isI prakAra nAnAguNoM sambandhI AtmarUpa bhinna-bhinna hI ho sakatA hai - eka nahIM / isI prakAra anya bhedoM ko bhI samajhanA cAhie / zrI yazovijaya gaNI 178 ne jina kAla- Adi ke AdhAra para eka dharma kA anya dharmoM se abheda yA bheda kiyA jAtA hai, unakA vizleSaNa bar3e sundara DhaMga se kiyA hai (1) 'kathaMcit jIvAdi vastu hai hI' yahA~ jisa kAla meM jIvAdi meM astitva hai usI kAla meM unameM zeSa ananta dharma bhI haiM, yaha kAla se abheda vRtti hai / (2) jIvAdi kA guNa honA jaise astitva kA AtmasvarUpa hai, usIprakAra anya ananta guNoM kA bhI yahI AtmarUpa hai, yaha AtmarUpa se abheda vRtti hai| (3) jo dravyarUpa artha astitva kA AdhAra hai vahI anya dharmoM kA bhI tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 125 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #128
AdhAra hai| (4) jIvAdi ke sAtha abheda rUpa jo sambandha astitva kA hai, vahI sambandha . . anya dharmoM kA bhI hai| yaha sambandha se abheda vRtti hai| (5) astitva dharma jIvAdi kA jo upakAra karatA hai-apane se yukta banAtA hai, vahI upakAra anya dharma bhI karate haiM, yaha upakAra se abheda vRtti hai| (6) astitva dharma jIvAdi meM jisa deza meM rahatA hai usI meM anya dharma bhI rahate haiM, yaha guNideza se abheda vRtti hai| (7) astitva kA jIvAdi ke sAtha eka vastu rUpa se jo saMsarga hai vahI anya dharmoM kA bhI saMsarga hai, yaha saMsarga se abheda-vRtti hai| (8) 'asti' yaha zabda astitva dharmAtmaka vastu kA vAcaka hai vahI anya anantadharmAtmaka vastu kA bhI vAcaka hai, yaha zabda se abheda-vRtti hai| yaha abheda vRtti paryAyArthika naya ko gauNa aura dravyArthika naya ko mukhya karane para hotI hai| . kintu jaba dravyArthika naya gauNa aura paryAyArthika naya mukhya hotA hai taba abheda vRtti sambhava nahIM hai| kyoMki (1) eka hI kAla meM eka vastu meM nAnA guNa sambhava nahIM hai| agara sambhava hoM to usase AdhArabhUta vastu meM bhI bheda ho jaaegaa| , (2) nAnA guNoM sambandhI AtmarUpa bhinna-bhinna hotA hai| agara bhinna na ho to guNoM meM bheda nahIM ho sktaa| . (3) nAnA guNoM kA AdhArabhUta padArtha bhI nAnA. rUpa hI ho sakatA hai| vaha nAnA rUpa na ho to nAnAguNoM kA AdhAra bhI nahIM ho sktaa| (4) sambandhiyoM kI bhinntA se sambandha meM bhI bheda dekhA jAtA hai| sambandhI aneka hoM aura unakA sambandha ekatra aura eka ho, yaha nahIM ho sktaa| (5) aneka dharmoM ke dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA upakAra alaga-alaga hone se aneka rUpa hI hotA hai, kyoMki aneka upakAriyoM dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA upakAra eka nahIM ho sktaa| ___(6) pratyeka guNa kA guNi deza pRthak-pRthak hI hotA hai| agara aneka guNoM kA guNideza abhinna mAnA jAye to bhinna-bhinna padArthoM ke guNideza meM bhI abheda mAnanA pdd'egaa| ___(7) saMsargI ke bheda se saMsarga meM bhI bheda hotA hai| saMsarga meM bheda na ho to saMsargiyoM (guNoM) meM bhI bheda nahIM ho sktaa| (8) viSaya ke bheda se zabda meM bhI bheda hotA hai| yadi samasta guNa eka hI 126 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #129
zabda ke vAcya hoM to saMsAra ke samasta padArtha bhI eka hI zabda ke vAcya ho jAyeM / isa prakAra kAla Adi se bhinna guNoM meM abheda kA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai| isI taraha bheda-vRtti aura bheda kA upacAra bhI samajha lenA caahie| jo vacana kAlAdi kI apekSA abheda - vRtti kI pradhAnatA se yA abhedopacAra se pramANa ke dvArA svIkRta anantadharmAtmaka vastu kA eka sAtha kathana karatA hai use sakalAdeza kahate haiM aura jo vacana kAlAdi kI apekSA bheda - vRtti kI pradhAnatA se yA bhedopacAra se naya ke dvArA svIkRta vastu dharma kA krama se kathana karatA hai use vikalAdeza kahate haiN| ataH vacana prayoga karate samaya vaktA yadi usa vacana se eka dharma ke kathana dvArA akhaNDa vastu kA jJAna karAtA hai to vaha vacana sakalAdeza hai aura yadi vaktA usa vacana ke dvArA anya dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa na karake eka dharma kA jJAna karAtA hai vaha vacana vikalAdeza hai / vacana prayoga kI apekSA sakalAdeza aura vikalAdeza kI vyavasthA vaktA ke abhiprAya se bahuta kucha sambandha rakhatI hai| sakalAdeza aura vikalAdeza ke sambandha meM sabase bar3A maulika bheda yaha hai ki kucha AcArya sakalAdeza ke pratipAdaka vacanoM ko pramANa - vAkya aura kucha AcArya sunayavAkya kahate haiM tathA vikalAdeza ke pratipAdaka vacanoM ko kucha AcArya naya vAkya aura kucha AcArya durnaya vAkya kahate haiM / sakalAdeza sunaya-vAkya hote hue bhI pramANa - adhIna hai, kyoMki usake dvArA azeSa vastu kahI jAtI hai aura vikalAdeza durnaya vAkya hote hue bhI nayAdhIna, kyoMki usake dvArA kathaMcit ekAnta rUpa vastu kahI jAtI hai| vikalAdeza ke pratipAdaka vacana ko durnaya-vAkya isalie kahA hai ki usameM sarvathA ekAnta kA niSedha karane vAlA 'syAt' zabda nahIM pAyA jAtA hai aura nayAdhIna isalie kahA hai ki usake dvArA vaktA kA abhiprAya sarvathA ekAnta ke kahane kA nahIM rahatA hai / ukta pramANa aura naya ke antara kA vivecana jainadarzana meM prakArAntara se bhI kiyA gayA haiM - vastu meM sAmAnya (dravya) aura vizeSa (paryAya) dharma pAye jAte haiN| arthAt vastu sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka yA dravya - paryAyAtmaka hai| 179 kyoMki sAmAnyavizeSa yA dravya-paryAya Adi aneka dharmoM kA samUha hI vastu hai / aneka padArthoM meM eka sI pratIti utpanna karane vAlA aura unheM eka hI zabda kA vAcya banAne vAlA anuvRtta pratyaya dharma sAmAnya kahalAtA hai / jaise--aneka gAyoM meM' yaha gau hai', yaha 'gau' hai-- isa prakAra kA jJAna aura zabda prayoga (anuvRtta pratyaya karAne vAlA 'gotva' dharma sAmAnya hai / isase viparIta eka padArtha se dUsare padArtha meM bheda karAne vAlA vyAvRtta pratyaya dharma vizeSa kahalAtA hai| jaise- unhIM aneka gAyoM meM yaha 'zyAmA' hai, yaha 'nIlI' hai, yaha 'citakabarI' hai - Adi vyavahAra vizeSa tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 127 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #130
kahalAtA hai|180 eka bAta yaha bhI hai ki sAmAnya aura vizeSa yA dravya aura paryAya jaise vastu ke svabhAva haiM usI prakAra aura bhI aneka dharma usake svabhAva haiN| pramANajJAna isa prakAra bhI sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka yA dravya-paryAyAtmaka pUrNa vastu ko grahaNa karatA hai jabaki naya kevala sAmAnya aMza ko yA vizeSa aMza ko athavA kevala dravya aMza ko yA kisI paryAya (avasthA vizeSa rUpa) aMza (dharma) ko grahaNa karatA hai| yadyapi kevala sAmAnya yA kevala vizeSa rUpa hI vastu nahIM hai, jaisA ki advaitavAdI aura sAMkhyamatAvalambI padArtha ko kevala sAmAnyAtmaka hI mAnate haiN| bauddha padArtha ko kevala vizeSa rUpa hI mAnate haiN| naiyAyika vaizeSika sAmAnya ko eka svatantra padArtha mAnate haiM aura vizeSa ko bhI eka svatantra padArtha mAnate haiM tathA unakA dravya ke sAtha samavAya sambandha mAnate haiM,181 tathApi naya vastu ko aMza yA bheda karake grahaNa karatA hai; kyoMki anekadharmAtmaka vastu ke kisI eka dharma yA aMza ko lekara aura usa vastu ke anya dharmoM ko gauNa karake usakA pratipAdana karanA naya kA kAma ___ isa prakAra pramANa aura naya meM antara yA bheda spaSTa kara dene para bhI jaina dArzanikoM ke samakSa eka aura bar3A hI jaTila, sAtha hI gambhIra prazna thA ki naya kyA hai? naya pramANa hai athavA apramANa? yadi vaha pramANa hai, to pramANa se bhinna kyoM? aura yadi vaha apramANa hai to vaha mithyAjJAna hogA aura mithyAjJAna ke lie vicAra jagat meM kyA kahIM sthAna hotA hai? ___ina sabhI praznoM kA maulika samAdhAna jaina dArzanikoM ne bar3I gambhIratA aura satarkatA se kiyA hai| naya ke pramANa aura apramANa-viSayaka prazna tathA unake tarka sammata samAdhAna AcArya vidyAnanda svAmI ne 'tattvArthazlokavArtika' meM apanI anUThI dArzanika zailI dvArA prastuta kiye haiM, jo unase pUrva kI racanAoM meM bhI upalabdha nahIM hote| ___ ukta viSaya ko lekara sarvaprathama yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki sva (apane) aura bAhya artha ke nizcAyaka jJAna ko pramANa kahate haiN| naya bhI sva aura bAhya artha kA nizcAyaka hai, vaha apane ko tathA bAhya artha ko jAnatA hai, ataH vaha pramANa hI hai| aisI sthiti meM pramANa aura naya meM koI bheda nahIM hai, kintu isa prakAra kA mantavya ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki sva aura artha ke eka deza ko jAnanA naya kA lakSaNa hai| 82 tAtparya yaha hai ki naya sva arthAt apane aura bAhya artha ke eka deza kA nizcAyaka hai aura pramANa sarva deza kaa| isIlie kahA gayA hai pramANa sakala vastugrAhI hotA hai aura naya viklvstugraahii| ataH pramANa svArtha-nizcAyaka hai 128 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #131
aura naya svArtha ke eka deza kA nizcAyaka hai| yahI donoM meM bheda hai| yadi yahA~ punaH AzaMkA kI jAtI hai ki sva aura artha kA ekadeza vastu hai yA avastu? yadi vastu hai to vastu kA grAhaka hone se naya pramANa hI huA aura yadi avastu hai to avastu kA grAhaka hone se naya mithyAjJAna kahA jAegA; kyoMki avastu ko jAnane vAlA jJAna mithyAjJAna hotA hai| isakA sIdhA sA samAdhAna hai ki vastu kA ekadeza na to vastu hai aura na avastu / jaise-samudra ke eka aMza ko na to samudra kahA jAtA hai aura na asmudr| yadi samudra kA eka aMza samudra hai to zeSa aMza asamudra ho jAegA aura yadi samudra kA pratyeka aMza samudra hai to bahuta se samudra ho jAe~ge aura aisI sthiti meM samudra kA jJAna kahA~ se ho sakatA hai?1833 jaise samudra kA ekadeza yA bUMda na to samudra hI hai aura na asamudra hI, vaise hI naya ke dvArA jAnA gayA vastu kA aMza na to vastu hI hai aura na avastu hii| yadi samudra ke ekadeza yA bUMda ko hI samudra kahA jAegA to samudra ke zeSadeza yA bUMdeM asamudra ho jaaeNge| yA phira eka-eka deza yA bUMda ko samudra mAnane se bahuta se samudra ho jAeMge aura yadi samudra ke ekadeza yA bUMda ko asamudra kahA jAegA to samudra ke zeSadeza yA bUMdeM bhI asamudra kahalAe~ge aura aisI sthiti meM kahIM bhI samudrapana kA vyavahAra nahIM bana skegaa| ataH samudra kA ekadeza na to samudra hai aura na asamudra, kintu samudra kA aMza hai| isIprakAra naya ke dvArA jAnA gayA svArtha kA ekadeza na to vastu hai, kyoMki svArtha ke ekadeza ko vastu mAnane se usake anya dezoM ke avastutva kA prasaMga AtA hai yA vastu ke bahutva kA prasaMga AtA hai| naya se jAnA gayA vastu kA eka deza avastu bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi vastu ke ekadeza ko avastu mAnA jAegA to usake zeSa deza bhI avastu kahe jAe~ge aura aisI sthiti meM kahIM bhI vastu kI vyavasthA nahIM bana skegii| ataH naya ke dvArA jAnA gayA vastu kA ekadeza vastu kA aMza hI hai| isa prakAra pramANa ke dvArA jAnI gayI vastu ke eka aMza ko pradhAna karake jo vastu kA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai, vaha pramANa nahIM, naya hai| yadyapi pramANa bhI jJAna hai aura naya bhI jJAna hai, donoM hI jJAna hai tathApi naya pramANa ke dvArA gRhIta vastu ke ekaaMza meM pravRtti karatA hai ata: use pramANa na kahakara naya kahate haiN| yahI donoM meM antara hai| . yadi punaH yaha kahA jAya ki jaise aMzI (vastu) meM pravRtti karane vAle jJAna ko pramANa mAnA jAtA hai vaise hI vastu ke aMza meM pravRtti karane vAle arthAt jAnane vAle naya ko pramANa kyoM nahIM mAnA jAtA? ataH naya pramANa svarUpa hI hai 184 ukta kathana kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaise vastu kA eka deza na vastu hai aura tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 129 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #132
na avastu, kintu vastu kA eka aMza hai usI taraha aMzI na vastu hai na avastu, vaha to kevala aMzI hai, vastu to aMza - aMzI ke samUha kA nAma hai| ataH jaise aMza ko jAnane vAlA jJAna naya hai vaise hI aMzI ko jAnane vAlA jJAna bhI naya hai / yadi aisA nahIM hai to jaise aMzI ko jAnane vAlA jJAna pramANa hai vaise hI aMza ko jAnane vAlA jJAna bhI pramANa hI kahA jaaegaa| aisI sthiti meM naya pramANa se bhinna nahIM hai, kintu ukta kathana samIcIna nahIM hai; kyoMki jaba sampUrNa dharmoM ko gauNa karake aMzI ko hI pradhAna rUpa se jAnanA iSTa hotA hai to usameM dravyArthika naya kA hI mukhyarUpa se vyApAra mAnA gayA hai, pramANa kA nahIM, kintu jaba dharma- dharmI ke samUha ko pradhAna rUpa se jAnanA iSTa hotA hai to usameM pramANa kA vyApAra hotA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki aMzoM ko pradhAna aura aMzI ko gauNa rUpa se athavA aMzI ko pradhAna aura aMzoM ko gauNa rUpa se jAnane vAlA jJAna naya hai tathA aMza-aMzI donoM ko pradhAna rUpa jAnane vAlA jJAna pramANa hai| ataH naya pramANa se bhinna hai / 185, dharma-dharmI ke sUmaha kA nAma vastu hai| jo jJAna dharma yA kevala dharmI ko hI mukhya rUpa se jAnatA hai, vaha jJAna naya hai aura jo donoM ko hI mukhyarUpa se jAnatA hai, vaha pramANa hai| yaha pahale kaha Aye haiM ki pramANa 'sakalAdezI' hai, usakA viSaya pUrNa vastu hai aura naya 'vikalAdezI' hai, usakA viSaya yA to mukhya rUpa se mAtra dharmI hotA hai yA mAtra dharma hotA hai| jo dharmoM ko gauNa karake mAtra dharmI kI mukhyatA se vastu ko jAnatA hai, vaha dravyArthika naya hai aura jo dharmI ko gauNa karake mukhyarUpa se dharma ko hI jAnatA hai, vaha paryAyArthika naya hai tathA jo dharma aura dharmI donoM kI mukhyatA se sampUrNa vastu ko jAnatA hai, vaha pramANa hai / ataH naya pramANa se bhinna hai| yadi na pramANa se bhinna hai to vaha apramANa hI huA aura apramANa hone se mithyAjJAna kI taraha naya vastu ko jAnane kA sAdhana kaise ho sakatA hai ? kintu isa prakAra kI vicAradhArA ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki nayaM na to apramANa hai aura na pramANa hai, kintu jJAnAtmaka hai, ataH pramANa kA ekadeza hai| isameM kisI prakAra kA koI virodha nahIM hai | 186 ukta kathana kA Azaya hai ki yadi naya pramANa se bhinna hai to vaha apramANa hI huA; kyoMki pramANa se bhinna apramANa hI hotA hai| eka jJAna pramANa bhI na ho aura apramANa bhI na ho aisA to sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki kisI ko pramANa na mAnane para apramANatA anivArya hai aura apramANa na mAnane para pramANatA anivArya hai, dUsarI koI gati hI nahIM hai| isakA samAdhAna karate hue AcArya vidyAnanda kahate hai-' pramANatA aura apramANatA ke atirikta bhI eka tRtIya gati hai, vaha hai 130 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #133
prmaannaikdeshtaa| pramANa kA ekadeza na to pramANa hI hai; kyoMki vaha pramANa se sarvathA abhinna nahIM hai aura na apramANa hI hai; kyoMki pramANa kA ekadeza pramANa se sarvathA bhinna bhI nahIM hai| deza aura dezI meM kathaMcit bheda mAnA gayA hai|' naya na pramANa hai aura na apramANa, kintu pramANa kA ekadeza yA aMza hai| sindhu kA bindu na sindhu hai aura na asindhu apitu sindhu kA eka aMza hai| eka sainika ko senA nahIM kaha sakate, parantu use asenA bhI to nahIM kaha sakate; kyoMki vaha senA kA eka aMza to hai hii| isaprakAra akhaNDa vastu ke nizcaya kI apekSA naya pramANa nahIM hai| vaha vastu khaNDa ko yathArtha rUpa se grahaNa karatA hai, isalie apramANa bhI nahIM hai| apramANa to hai hI nahIM, pUrNatA kI apekSA pramANa bhI nahIM hai| isalie ise pramANAMza yA pramANa kA ekadeza kahanA caahie| ___ 'pramANa naya nahIM hai aura na hI naya pramANa hai' isa viSaya kA vivecana AcArya vIrasena svAmI ne bhI kiyA hai _ 'pramANa hI naya hai, aisA kitane hI AcArya kahate haiM, kintu unakA yaha kathana ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki aisA mAnane para nayoM ke abhAva kA prasaMga AtA hai| yadi kahA jAe ki nayoM ko abhAva ho jAe, so bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki aisA hone para dekhe jAne vAle ekAnta vyavahAra ke lopa hone kA prasaMga A jaaegaa| dUsare, pramANa naya nahIM hai; kyoMki pramANa kA viSaya anekAnta yA anekadharmAtmaka vastu hai aura na naya pramANa hai; kyoMki naya kA viSaya ekAnta hai| pramANa kA viSaya ekAnta nahIM hai' kyoMki ekAnta nIrUpa hone se avastu hai aura jo avastu hai vaha jJAna kA viSaya nahIM hotaa| isI taraha naya kA viSaya anekAnta nahIM hai; kyoMki naya dRSTi meM anekAnta avastu hai aura avastu meM vastu kA Aropa ho nahIM sktaa|187 pramANa aura naya ke isa bheda kA vivecana 'jayadhavalA' TIkA meM bhI bar3e tarka sammata DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai'. 'pramANa ke dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye padArtha ke eka deza meM vastu kA jo adhyavasAya hotA hai vaha jJAna pramANa nahIM hai; kyoMki vastu ke eka aMza ko pradhAna karake vastu kA jo adhyavasAya hotA hai vaha vastu ke eka aMza ko apradhAna karake hotA hai| isalie aise adhyavasAya ko pramANa mAnane meM virodha AtA hai| dUsare, naya bhI pramANa nahIM hai; kyoMki naya ke dvArA jo vastu kA adhyavasAya hotA hai vaha pramANa vyapAzraya hai arthAt naya pramANa ke dvArA gRhIta vastu ke eka aMza meM hI pravRtti karatA hai, ata: use pramANa mAnane meM virodha AtA hai tathA 'sakalAdeza pramANa ke adhIna hai aura vikalAdeza naya ke adhIna hai' isa prakAra donoM ke kArya bhinna-bhinna dikhAyI tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 131 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #134
dete haiM isalie bhI naya pramANa nahIM hai / ' $188 pramANa jJAna dharmabheda se vastu ko grahaNa nahIM karatA hai, vaha to sabhI dharmoM ke. samuccaya rUpa se hI vastu ko jAnatA hai aura naya-jJAna dharmabheda se hI vastu ko grahaNa karatA hai| vaha sabhI dharmoM ke samuccaya rUpa vastu ko grahaNa na karake kevala eka dharma ke dvArA hI vastu ko jAnatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki pramANajJAna dRSTi bheda se pare hai aura nayajJAna jitane bhI hote haiM ve sabhI sApekSa hokara hI samyagjJAna kahalAte hai; kyoMki nayajJAna meM dharma, dRSTi yA bheda pradhAna hai| isIlie sApekSatA ke binA sabhI nayajJAna mithyA hote haiN| guNa yA dharma jahA~ kisI vastu kI vizeSatA ko vyakta karatA. hai vahA~ usa vastu ko utanA hI samajha lenA mithyA hai; kyoMki pratyeka vastu meM vyakta yA avyakta anantadharma pAye jAte haiM aura una sabakA samuccaya hI vastu hai| nayajJAna aura pramANajJAna ye donoM yadyapi jJAna sAmAnya kI apekSA eka haiM phira bhI inameM vizeSa kI apekSA bheda hai| nayajJAna jahA~ jAnane vAle ke abhiprAya se sambandha rakhatA hai, vahA~ pramANajJAna jAnane vAle kA abhiprAya vizeSa na hokara jJeya kA pratibimba mAtra hai| nayajJAna meM jJAtA ke abhiprAyAnusAra vastu pratibimbita hotI hai para pramANajJAna meM vastu jo kucha hai vaha pratibimbita hotI hai| isIlie pramANa sakalAdezI aura naya vikalAdezI kahA jAtA hai / isa prakAra nayajJAna pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| phira bhI vaha samyagjJAna to hai hI / isa prakAra pramANa aura naya meM bheda hai| naya pramANa nahIM hai isakA vivecana prakArAntara se Age bhI kiyA gayA hainaya pramANa nahIM hai; kyoMki vaha ekAntarUpa hotA hai aura pramANa meM anekAnta rUpa ke darzana hote haiM, isalie bhI naya pramANa nahIM hai| 189 isa viSaya meM AcArya samantabhadra kA kathana hai- 'pramANa aura naya se siddha hone vAlA anekAnta bhI anekAnta rUpa hai / pramANa kI apekSA se vastu ke sabhI dharmoM ko eka sAtha jAnane vAlA vaha anekAnta arthAt aneka dharma svarUpa hai aura vivakSita yA arpita naya kI apekSA se vaha anekAnta ekAnta svarUpa hai arthAt vastu ke eka dharma kAhI jJAna karAne vAlA hai| 190 pramANa aura naya se anekAnta svarUpa vastu kI siddhi hotI hai / pramANa vastu sarvadharmoM ko viSaya karane vAlA hai aura naya una dharmoM meM se kisI eka dharma ko viSaya karane vAlA hai / pramANa kI apekSA se anekAnta anekAnta svarUpa hai arthAt aneka dharma svarUpa vastu anekadharmasvarUpa hI dikhatI hai aura vahI anekadharma svarUpa vastu jaba kisI vizeSa naya kI apekSA se dekhI jAtI hai taba kisI eka dharma svarUpa hI dikhatI hai, usa samaya anya dharma gauNa hote hai, ataH vaha ekAnta - svarUpa kahI vastu ke ananta dharmoM meM se kisI eka ko mukhya karake aura usI samaya 132 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #135
dUsare ko gauNa karake vastu svarUpa kA pratipAdana karatA hai jabaki pramANa ananta dharmoM se viziSTa vastu kA pratipAdana karatA hai| pramANa aura naya ke bheda ko spaSTa karate hue zrI rAjamalla ne bhI kahA hai 'naya bhI jJAna-vizeSa hai aura pramANa bhI jJAna-vizeSa hai, kintu donoM meM viSaya-vizeSa kI apekSA se bheda hai, vastutaH jJAna kI apekSA se donoM meM koI bheda nahIM hai| isa prakAra pramANa aura naya meM viSaya-vizeSa kA bheda hai| dravya ke ananta guNoM meM se koI sA eka vivakSita aMza naya kA viSaya hai aura vaha aMza tathA anya sabhI aMza arthAt anantaguNAtmaka samasta hI vastu pramANa kA viSaya hai| jaise kisI ne kahA-'syAdasti ghaTaH' to yaha naya samarthana karatA hai ki apane svarUpa catuSTaya (dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva) kI apekSA se ghaTa hai aura para svarUpa catuSTaya kI apekSA se ghaTa nahIM hai| naya ke viSaya kA dRSTAnta dvArA samarthana karate hue AcArya samantabhadra ne kahA hai-'vastu aneka dharmoM se rahita nahIM hai, vaha aneka dharmAtmaka hai| una dharmoM meM se jo vivakSita dharma hotA hai arthAt vaktA jisako kahanA cAhatA hai, vaha dharma mukhya karake naya ke dvArA kahA jAtA hai tathA jo dharma avivakSita hai arthAt vaktA jisako pradhAna karake nahIM kahanA cAhatA hai usako gauNa yA apradhAna kara diyA jAtA hai| jaise-eka vyakti eka hI samaya meM kisI kA zatru hone se zatrupanA va kisI kA mitra hone se mitrapanA va kisI kA zatru yA mitra koI na hone se udAsInapanA ityAdi aneka dharmoM ko rakhane vAlA hai| unameM se kisI eka dharma ko eka samaya meM prayojana vaza kahA jAegA-jaise-amuka vyakti sohana kA zatru hai, mohana kA mitra hai aura hamArA na to zatru hai na mitr| isa prakAra jagat kA pratyeka padArtha do paraspara virodhI dharmoM ko eka sAtha eka hI kAla meM rakhatA hai taba hI vaha kAryakArI hai, prayojana kI siddhi kara sakatA hai|'192 isa prakAra naya vivakSA-bheda se vastu ke aneka dharmoM ko mukhya-gauNa karake usakA pratipAdana karatA hai jabaki pramANa aneka dharmAtmaka vastu ko akhaNDa rUpa se 'eka sAtha grahaNa karatA hai| : : isake atirikta pramANa kevala vidhi (sat) ko nahIM jAnatA, kyoMki yadi vaha kevala vidhi ko hI jAne to eka padArtha kA dUsare padArtha se bheda grahaNa na karane para ghaTa ke sthAna para paTa meM bhI pravRtti kara sakegA aura aisI sthiti meM jAnanA na jAnane ke samAna hI ho jAegA tathA pramANa kevala pratiSedha ko bhI grahaNa nahIM karatA; kyoMki vidhi ko jAne binA 'yaha isase bhinna hai' aisA grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA tathA pramANa meM vidhi aura pratiSedha donoM paraspara meM alaga-alaga bhI pratibhAsita nahIM tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 133 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #136
hote; kyoMki aisA hone para Upara kevala vidhi - pakSa meM aura kevala niSedha - pakSa meM kahe gaye donoM doSoM kA prasaMga AtA hai / ataH vidhi pratiSedhAtmaka vastu pramANa kA viSaya hai| isalie pramANa kA viSaya ekAnta nahIM hai aura naya kA viSaya anekAnta nahIM hai| 1 dhavalA TIkA meM bhI kahA gayA hai- 'pramANa jJAna samagra vastu ko viSaya karatA hai aura vastu vidhi - pratiSedhAtmaka hai / vastu na kevala vidhi rUpa hai aura na kevala pratiSedha rUpa / ataeva kevala vidhi ko viSaya karane vAlA aura kevala pratiSedha ko viSaya karane vAlA jJAna pramANa nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki viSaya ke abhAva meM viSayI kA sadbhAva mAnane meM virodha AtA hai| isI prakAra vidhi - pratiSedhAtmaka vastu ko viSaya karane vAlA jJAna bhI naya nahIM; kyoMki vidhi pratiSedhAtmaka vastu anekAnta rUpa hotI hai, isalie vaha pramANa kA viSaya hai, naya kA nahIM aura naya anekAnta rUpa nahIM hai| 193 isI viSaya ko AcArya samantabhadra ne yukti-saMgata DhaMga se kahA hai- 'pratiSedha rUpa dharma ke sAtha tAdAtmya ko prApta huA vidhi arthAt vidhi-niSedhAtmaka padArtha pramANa kA viSaya hai, ataH vaha pramANa hai aura ina vidhi-niSedha rUpa dharmoM meM se kisI eka ko vaktA ke abhiprAya se mukhya karake aura dUsare ko gauNa karake mukhya dharma ke niyamana karane meM jo hetu hai, vaha naya hai| naya kisI eka dharma ko mukhya karake aura usI samaya anya dharma ko gauNa karake vastu ke eka deza yA svabhAva kA kathana karatA hai| vaha naya vidhi-niSedha rUpa donoM dharmoM meM se kisI eka ko mukhya karake batAne ke niyama kA sAdhaka hai| isake viSaya kA dRSTAnta dvArA samarthana hotA hai|' $194 jagat kA pratyeka padArtha vidhi-niSedha rUpa yA asti - nAsti rUpa hai / koI bhI padArtha kabhI bhI ina donoM dharmoM se zUnya nahIM ho sakatA hai| jahA~ svacatuSTaya arthAt apane dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva se vastu kA astitva hai, vahA~ paracatuSTaya arthAt para ke dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva se vastu kA nAstitva bhI hai| ina donoM virodhI dharmoM ko eka sAtha batalAne vAlA pramANa hai aura donoM ko alaga-alaga kabhI mukhya aura kabhI gauNa karake batalAne vAlA naya hai / naya jaba vastu ke kisI eka dharma ko mukhyatA se batAtA hai taba dUsare ko gauNa kara detA hai / 'sunane vAlA ziSya vastusvarUpa ko ThIka prakAra se samajha jAe' isalie vaktA vastu ke dharmoM ko eka-eka karake samajhAtA hai| jaise vaktA kahatA hai- ' syAt asti' taba ziSya samajhatA hai ki 'vastu meM kisI apekSA se astipanA hai arthAt svacatuSTaya (svadravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva) kI apekSA se vastu meM 'astipanA' hai| yahA~ ' syAt ' pada kA artha 'kathaMcit' hai, jisakA artha hotA hai, vastu meM 'asti' ke atirikta anya dharma bhI haiN| jaba 134 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #137
vaktA puna: kahatA hai-- 'syAt nAsti' taba ziSya samajhatA hai vastu paracatuSTaya (para dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ) kI apekSA se 'nAstirUpa' hai| 'syAt' zabda batAtA hai ki vastu sarvathA 'nAsti rUpa' nahIM hai, usameM 'astipanA' bhI hai| ziSya ko dRr3ha karane ke lie vaktA puna: kahatA hai, 'syAt asti nAsti' arthAt - vastu meM kisI apekSA se donoM hI dharma haiM, 'asti' bhI hai aura 'nAsti' bhI hai| vastu meM ye donoM dharma eka hI kAla meM rahate to avazya haiM kintu vacana meM aisI zakti nahIM hai jisase vastu ke ye donoM dharma eka hI kAla meM, eka hI sAtha kahe jA skeN| isalie vaktA phira kahatA hai--'syAt avaktavya' arthAt kisI apekSA se vastu avaktavya bhI hai| vaktA ziSya ko aura dRr3ha karane ke lie avaktavya ke bhI tIna bheda karake samajhAtA hai - ' syAt asti avaktavya', 'syAt nAsti avaktavya', 'syAt asti - nAsti avaktavya / ' yadyapi eka samaya meM eka hI sAtha ina tInoM dharmoM ko kahane kI zakti vacana meM na hone se vastu avaktavya hai tathApi vastu 'astisvabhAva rUpa' avazya hai yA 'nAsti svabhAva rUpa' avazya hai yA 'asti nAstisvabhAva rUpa' avazya hai / isI ko syAdvAda naya yA saptabhaMgI naya kahate haiN| isaprakAra naya vastu ke eka - eka dharma kA alaga-alaga karakeM kathana karatA hai| naya vaha jJAna prakAra hai jisake dvArA vastu ke eka-eka dharma ko alaga-alaga dRSTikoNa yA apekSA se samajhAyA jA ske| isa prakAra nayoM ke dvArA jaba ziSya vastu svarUpa ko bhalIbhA~ti samajha jAtA hai taba usakA jJAna pramANa rUpa ho jAtA hai / itanA samajhane ke bAda vaha ziSya padArtha meM 'astitva' tathA 'nAstitva' - ye donoM dharma eka hI sAtha, eka hI kAla meM vidyamAna rahate haiM, aisA yathArtha jJAna prApta kara letA hai / meM ukta pramANa aura naya ke bheda viSayaka kathana kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki pramANa naya nahIM hai aura naya pramANa nahIM hai, kintu pramANa se jAnI gayI vastu ke ekadeza vastutva kI vivakSA kA nAma naya hai, dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki naya pramANa se sarvathA bhinna bhI nahIM hai aura abhinna bhI nahIM hai; kyoMki pramANa kA artha hai, jisa jJAna se vastu tattva kA nizcaya kiyA jAya arthAt sarvAMzagrAhI bodha ko pramANa kahate hai aura naya kA artha hai, jisa jJAna ke dvArA ananta dharmoM meM se kisI vivakSita eka * dharma kA nizcaya kiyA jAya arthAt aneka dRSTikoNoM se pariSkRta vastu tattva ke ekAMzagrAhI jJAna ko naya kahate haiM / anta meM saMkSepa karate hue pramANa aura naya ke pArasparika sambandha aura bheda ke viSaya meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki pramANa yadi aMga hai to naya upAMga, pramANa yadi aMzI hai to naya aMza, pramANa yadi samudra hai to naya taraMga-nikara, pramANa yadi sindhu hai to naya usakA bindu, pramANa yadi sUrya hai to naya razmi - jAla, pramANa yadi vRkSa tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 135 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #138
hai to naya zAkhA-samUha, pramANa yadi vyApaka hai to naya vyApya, pramANa naya meM samAviSTa nahIM hai balki naya hI pramANa meM samAviSTa hai| pramANa kA sambandha pA~coM jJAnoM se hai jabaki naya kA sambandha kevala zrutajJAna se hI hai| arthAt pA~coM jJAnoM ko pramANa kahate haiM jabaki naya zrutajJAna rUpa pramANa kA aMza vizeSa hai| Upara svacatuSTaya (apane dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva) tathA paracatuSTaya (para ke dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva) kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ataH unakA samajhanA upayogI hone se yahA~ unakA vivecana kiyA jAtA hai__ pratyeka vastu kA apanA svarUpa hotA hai jo anya vastuoM ke svarUpa se bhinna hotA hai| isI prakAra usakA apanA kSetra, apanA kAla aura apanA bhAva' arthAt svabhAva bhI hotA hai| inhIM cAroM ko svarUpAdi-catuSTaya kahate haiN| apane svarUpAdi se bhinna jo para padArthoM ke svarUpAdi-catuSTaya haiM ve pararUpAdi-catuSTaya kahalAte haiN| ___ dravya kA artha hotA hai, guNa aura paryAyoM kA samUha athavA guNa-paryAyoM kA adhiSThAna dravya kahalAtA hai| apane guNa aura paryAyoM ke samUha kI apekSA kisI vastu kA honA hI dravya kI apekSA sat yA astitva kahalAtA hai| jaise-'ghaTa' ghaTa rUpa se sat (bhAva rUpa) hai aura paTa rUpa se asat (abhAvarUpa) hai arthAt ghar3A, ghar3A hI hai, kapar3A nahIM hai| ataH kahanA cAhie, hara eka vastu svadravya kI apekSA se hai aura para dravya kI apekSA se nahIM hai| dravya ke aMzoM ko kSetra kahate hai athavA dravya kA saMsthAna yA AkRti usakA svakSetra hai| ghar3e ke aMza yA avayava yA saMsthAna yA AkRti hI ghar3e kA kSetra hai| ghar3e kA kSetra vaha nahIM hai, jahA~ ghar3A rakhA hai, vaha to usakA vyAvahArika kSetra yA sthAna hai| isa avayava rUpa kSetra kI apekSA honA hI ghar3e kA svakSetra kI apekSA honA hai| vastu ke pariNamana ko kAla kahate haiM athavA usakI paryAyeM hI usakA svakAla hai| pratyeka vastu kA pariNamana pRthak-pRthak hai| ghar3e kA apane pariNamana kI apekSA honA hI svakAla kI apekSA honA kahalAtA hai; kyoMki yahI usakA svakAla hai| ghaMTA, ghar3I, minaTa, sekeMDa Adi vastu kA svakAla nahIM hai, vaha to vyAvahArika kAla hai| vastu ke guNa ko bhAva kahate haiN| pratyeka vastu kA guNa yA svabhAva alagaalaga hotA hai| ghar3A apane hI svabhAva kI apekSA se hai| vaha anya padArthoM ke svabhAva kI apekSA se kaise ho sakatA hai? ___ isa prakAra pratyeka vastu svacatuSTaya arthAt svadravya, sva-kSetra, sva-kAla aura sva-bhAva kI apekSA se sat hai aura para-catuSTaya arthAt para-dravya, para-kSetra, para hai| 136 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #139
kAla aura para-bhAva kI apekSA se asat hai / vastu isa catuSTaya se gumphita ekarasa rUpa hai| kahane mAtra ke lie hI ye cAra haiM, vAstava meM eka hI hai; kyoMki tIna kAla meM bhI kabhI ye bikhara kara vastu se pRthak nahIM ho sakate yA yoM kaha lIjie ki inase zUnya vastu 'asat ' hai / yahA~ yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai ki yadi vastu ko svadravya kI taraha para- dravya se bhI sat mAnA jAya to dravyoM ke prati niyama meM virodha AtA hai tathA para-dravya kI taraha yadi svadravya se bhI vastu ko asat mAnA jAya to samasta dravyoM ke nirAzraya hone kA prasaMga AtA hai / vastu ko svakSetra kI taraha parakSetra se bhI sat mAnane para kisI vastu kA koI pratiniyata kSetra vyavasthita nahIM ho sakatA aura para - kSetra kI taraha sva- kSetra se bhI vastu ko asat mAnane para vastu kI ni:kSetratA kI Apatti AtI hai arthAt usakA koI kSetra hI nahIM rahegA / yadi vastu ko svakAla kI taraha parakAla meM bhI sadrUpa mAnA jAya to vastu kA koI sunizcita kAla hI nahIM ho sakegA tathA parakAla kI taraha svakAla se bhI yadi vastu ko asat mAnA jAya to samasta kAla meM vastu ke na hone kA prasaMga AegA aura aisI sthiti meM kisI vastu kA koI sunizcita svarUpa vyavasthita na ho sakane se iSTa aura aniSTa tattva kI vyavasthA hI nahIM bana skegii| 1 sAmAnya rUpa se jIva kA svarUpa upayoga 15 ( AtmA ke caitanya guNa se sambandha rakhane vAlA pariNAma vizeSa jAnanA - dekhanA Adi) hai| upayoga se bhinna anupayoga jIva kA para - rUpa hai / ataH jIva svarUpa ( upayoga ) se sat hai / aura para - rUpa (anupayoga) se asat hai / isI taraha pratyeka dravya aura paryAya kA jo svarUpa hai vaha usI kI apekSA sat hai, usase bhinna jo para - rUpa hai usakI apekSA vaha asat hai| (3) sunaya evaM durnaya - naya jaba aneka dharmAtmaka vastu ke vivakSita dharma ko grahaNa karake bhI itara dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa nahIM karatA hai, unake prati taTastha rahatA hai athavA unheM mukhya yA gauNa karake vastu svarUpa kA pratipAdana karatA hai taba sunaya kahalAtA hai aura jaba vahI kisI eka dharma kA Agraha karake dUsare dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa karane lagatA hai taba vaha durnaya ho jAtA hai| yaha pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki jainadarzana ke anusAra jagat kI pratyeka vastu astitva-nAstitva, nityatva - anityatva, ekatva - anekatva, bhedatva - abhedatva, sAmAnyavizeSa Adi ananta dharmAtmaka hai yA yoM kahie ki ananta dharmoM kA piNDa hI vastu hai; kyoMki vastu meM ina ananta dharmoM kA astitva mAne binA usake astitva kI kalpanA hI sambhava nahIM hai| usa ananta dharmAtmaka vastu ke pUrNa rUpa ko grahaNa karane tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 137 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #140
vAlA pramANa hai aura usake una ananta dharmoM meM se kisI eka dharma kA bodhaka jJAtA kA abhiprAya yA jJAna-vizeSa naya hai| yadyapi anekAntAtmaka vastu ke eka-eka anta arthAt dharmoM ko viSaya karane vAle abhiprAya-vizeSa pramANa kI hI santAna haiM, para inameM yadi sumela, paraspara prIti aura sApekSatA hai to hI ye sunaya haiM anyathA durnaya haiN| naya sadA sApekSa kathana karatA hai aura durnaya nirpekss| sunaya anekAntAtmaka vastu ke kisI eka aMza ko mukhya bhAva se grahaNa karake bhI anya aMzoM kA nirAkaraNa nahIM karatA, kintu unakI ora taTastha bhAva rakhatA hai aura durnaya anya aMzoM kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai, unakI upekSA karatA hai| pramANa vastu ke aneka dharmoM kA grAhaka hotA hai aura naya kisI eka dharma kA; kintu eka dharma ko grahaNa karatA huA bhI naya dUsare dharmoM kA na niSedha karatA hai aura na vidhAna hii| niSedha karane para vaha durnaya ho jAtA hai aura vidhAna karane para pramANa koTi meM parigaNita ho jAtA hai| vaha dharmAntara sApekSa eka dharma kA jJAna karAtA hai aura itara dharma nirapekSa eka hI dharma kA jJAna karAne para vaha durnaya kahA jAtA hai| jaina nyAya ke pratiSThApaka, mahAn dArzanika vidvAn akalaMkadeva ne eka zloka uddhRta karate hue pramANa, naya aura durnaya kA tarka sammata vivecana kiyA hai| zloka kA artha hai ___ 'aneka dharmAtmaka padArtha ke jJAna ko pramANa aura usake eka aMza se dharmAntara sApekSa jJAna ko naya kahate haiM tathA dharmAntara kA nirAkaraNa karane vAlA eka aMza kA jJAna durnaya hai|' naya sApekSa hotA hai aura durnaya nirapekSa / arthAt-vastu kA sApekSa kathana karanA sunaya aura nirapekSa kathana karanA durnaya hai tathA vastu ke pUrNa dharmoM ko grahaNa karanA pramANa hai| isI kA vizleSaNa karate hue AcArya vidyAnanda ne kahA hai___ 'pramANa tat aura atat sabhI aMzoM se paripUrNa vastu ko jAnatA hai, naya se kevala tat (vivakSita) aMza kI pratipatti yA jJAna hotA hai aura durnaya apane aviSaya aMzoM kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai| pramANa vastu ke sabhI dharmoM ko grahaNa karatA hai, naya dharmAntaroM kI upekSA karatA hai jaba ki durnaya dharmAntaroM kI hAni arthAt nirAkaraNa karane kI duSTatA karatA hai|'197 nirapekSa naya mithyA hote haiM aura ve hI durnaya kahalAte haiN| sApekSa naya samyak hote haiM aura ve hI kAryakArI hote haiN| 98 138 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #141
mahAn tArkika AcArya siddhasena kA kathana hai-'ve sabhI naya mithyAdRSTi haiM jo apane hI pakSa kA Agraha karate haiM, para kA niSedha karate haiM, kintu jaba ve hI paraspara-sApekSa aura anyonyAzrita hote haiM taba samyaktva ke sadbhAva vAle hote haiM, samyagdRSTi hote haiN|' __jisa taraha aneka lakSaNa aura guNavAlI vaiDUrya Adi maNiyA~ bahumUlya hone para bhI alaga-alaga bikharI huI hoM, eka sUtra meM piroI huI na hoM to 'ratnAvalI' yA 'hAra' kA nAma nahIM pA sakatIM, usI taraha sabhI naya apane-apane pakSa meM adhika nizcita hone para bhI Apasa meM eka dUsare ke sAtha nirapekSa hone se 'samyagdarzana' yA samyaktvapane ke vyavahAra ko nahIM pA sakate aura jisa prakAra ve hI maNiyA~ eka Dore meM piroI jAe~ to 'ratnAvalI' yA 'ratnahAra' kahalAtI haiM aura apanA bhinna-bhinna nAma chor3a detI haiM usI taraha sabhI naya yathocita rUpa se susaMkalita hokara yA paraspara-sApekSa hokara samyakpane ko prApta ho jAte haiM aura ve sunaya kahalAte haiM / ve anta meM kahate haiM-'jo vacana-vikalpa rUpI naya paraspara sambaddha hokara svaviSaya kA pratipAdana karate haiM, vaha unakI svasamaya prajJApanA hai arthAt jaina dRSTi kI dezanA hai tathA anya nirapekSa vRtti tIrthaMkara kI AsAdanA hai| 201 tAtparya yaha hai-nirapekSa nayoM kI dezanA vastu kA sampUrNa svarUpa prakAzita nahIM karatI, ata: vaha adhUrI aura mithyA hai| isase viparIta eka dUsare kI maryAdA ko svIkAra karake pravRtta hone vAle nayoM kI sApekSa dRSTi vastu kA sampUrNa svarUpa prakaTa karatI hai, ataH vaha pUrNa aura yathArtha hai| aisI dRSTi meM se jo vicAra yA vAkya phalita hote haiM ve hI jaina dezanA haiN| jaise-AtmA ke nityatva ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA jAya to vaha apekSA vizeSa se nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhI hai; mUrtatva ke viSaya meM vaha kathaMcit mUrta hai aura kathaMcit amUrta hai; zuddhatva ke viSaya meM vaha kathaMcit zuddha aura kathaMcit azuddha hai; parimANa ke viSaya meM vaha kathaMcit vyApaka aura kathaMcit avyApaka hai; saMkhyA ke viSaya meM vaha kathaMcit eka aura kathaMcit aneka hai-aise aneka muddoM ke viSaya meM vAkya aura vicAra sunaya hai| ___AcArya kundakunda ne isI tattva ko bar3e mArmika DhaMga se samajhAyA hai'svasamayI vyakti donoM nayoM ke vaktavya ko jAnatA to hai, para kisI eka naya kA tiraskAra karake dUsare naya ke pakSa ko grahaNa nahIM karatA, vaha eka naya ko dvitIya sApekSa rUpa se hI grahaNa karatA hai| 202 AcArya hemacandra ne pramANa, naya aura durnaya ke viSaya kA vivecana karate hue tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 139 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #142
kahA hai-pramANa 'sat' arthAt vastu sat svarUpa hai isa prakAra se vastu-svarUpa kA vivecana karatA hai aura naya 'syAt sat' 'vastu kathaMcit arthAt kisI apekSA se sat hai' isa prakAra sApekSa rUpa se vastu-svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karatA hai jabaki durnaya 'sat eva' 'padArtha sat hI hai' aisA 'evakAra' (hI) dvArA avadhAraNa kara usake anya dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa yA niSedha karatA hai / 203 pramANa vastu ko samagra rUpa se grahaNa karatA hai aura naya kisI vastu meM apane iSTa-dharma ko siddha karate hue usake anya dharmoM meM udAsIna hokara usakA vivecana karatA hai jabaki durnaya kisI vastu meM anya dharmoM kA niSedha karake apane abhISTa ekAnta astitva ko siddha karane kI ceSTA karatA hai| jaise--'asti eva ghaTa: ' 'yaha ghaTa hI hai'| yahA~ 'evakAra' anya nAstitva Adi dharmoM kA niSedha karatA hai| vastu meM abhISTa dharma kI pradhAnatA se anya dharmoM kA niSedha yA nirAkaraNa karane ke kAraNa darnaya ko mithyA kahA gayA hai| naya meM durnaya kI taraha eka dharma ke atirikta anya dharmoM kA niSedha yA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, isalie naya ko durnaya na kahakara samyak hI kahA jAtA hai| naya kA samyakpanA yahI hai ki vaha vastu ke sabhI sApekSika dharmoM ko lekara hI vastu kA vivecana karatA hai| isIlie jainadarzana meM naya ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai; kyoMki vaha samasta vivAdoM ko dUra kara nirvivAda vastu-svarUpa ko sAmane rakhatA hai| naya ko samajhe binA durnaya kA parijJAna nahIM ho sakatA hai aura na hI naya se durnaya kA bheda kiyA jA sakatA hai| AcArya vAdideva sUri ne naya aura durnaya kA pratipAdana kiyA hai-zrutajJAna pramANa se jAne hue padArtha kA eka aMza anya aMzoM ko gauNa karake jisa abhiprAya se jAnA jAtA hai, vaktA kA vaha abhiprAya-vizeSa naya kahalAtA hai aura apane abhISTa aMza (dharma) ke atirikta vastu ke anya aMzoM (dharmoM) kA apalApa yA niSedha karane vAlA nayAbhAsa arthAt durnaya kahalAtA hai| _zrutajJAna rUpa pramANa ananta dharmavAlI vastu ko grahaNa karatA hai aura naya una ananta dharmoM meM se kisI eka dharma ko jAnatA hai| naya jaba vastu ke eka dharma ko jAnatA hai taba zeSa rahe hue dharma bhI vastu meM vidyamAna to rahate hI haiM kintu unheM gauNa kara diyA jAtA hai| isaprakAra kevala eka dharma ko mukhya karake use jAnane vAlA jJAna naya hai| jabaki vastu ke ananta aMzoM (dharmoM) meM se eka aMza ko grahaNa karake zeSa samasta aMzoM kA abhAva mAnane vAlA athavA unakA nirAkaraNa karane vAlA naya hI nayAbhAsa yA durnaya hai| naya eka aMza ko grahaNa karatA hai para usa aMza ke sahacara 140 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #143
anya aMzoM para upekSA bhAva rakhatA hai aura nayAbhAsa yA durnaya una aMzoM kA niSedha karatA hai| yahI naya aura durnaya meM antara hai| __ sunaya aura durnaya kI sApekSatA evaM nirapekSatA kA vivecana karate hue svAmi kumAra ne kahA hai-'jo vastu anekAnta rUpa hai vahI sApekSa dRSTi se ekAnta rUpa bhI hai| zrutajJAna kI apekSA vastu anekAnta rUpa hai aura nayoM kI apekSA ekAnta rUpa hai| binA apekSA ke vastu kA svarUpa dekhA hI nahIM jA sakatA hai| 205 zrutajJAna-rUpa pramANa se jAnI huI vastu meM apekSA bheda se kisI eka dharma ko grahaNa karane vAle jJAna ko naya kahate haiN| pramANa se aneka dharmAtmaka vastu ko jAnakara aisA jAnanA ki vastu svacatuSTaya arthAt apane dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA sat svarUpa hai tathA paracatuSTaya arthAt paradravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se asat svarUpa hai, yahI naya hai| isI se pramANa ko sakalagrAhI aura naya ko vikalagrAhI kahA hai| yadi eka naya dUsare naya kI apekSA ko gauNa rakhakara vastu ko jAne tabhI vaha naya sunaya kahalAegA aura tabhI vastu dharma kI ThIka pratIti hogii| kintu yadi koI naya vastu ko kevala sat svarUpa hI siddha karanA cAhatA hai aura usake asat svarUpa kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai to yaha naya sunaya na hokara durnaya kahA jaaegaa| ataH vastu ke itara dharmoM kA niSedha na karake usake kisI eka dharma kI mukhyatA se aura usI samaya usake anya dharmoM kI gauNatA se usake svarUpa ko jAnane se hI usakI ThIka pratIti hotI hai| AcArya devasena svAmI ne bhI eka uddharaNa dvArA naya kI upayogitA siddha karate hue kahA hai-'pramANa se nAnA-svabhAva vAle dravya ko jAnakara sApekSa-siddhi ke lie usako kathaMcit nayoM se mizrita arthAt yukta karanA caahie| 206 jagat ke padArthoM kA jaisA svarUpa hai vaisA hI jJAna se jAnA jAtA hai aura vaisA hI loka meM mAnA jAtA hai| naya bhI use vaisA hI jAnate haiN| antara kevala itanA hai ki pramANa se vastu ke saba dharmoM ko grahaNa karake jJAtA puruSa apane abhiprAya ke anusAra unameM se kisI eka dharma kI mukhyatA se vastu kA kathana karatA hai, yahI naya hai| isI se jJAtA ke abhiprAya ko bhI naya kahA hai| jo nAnA svabhAvoM ko chor3akara vastu ke eka svabhAva kA kathana karatA hai vaha naya hai aura jo vastu kA pratipakSI dharma se nirapekSa ekAnta rUpa se kathana karatA hai vaha durnaya hai| durnaya se vastu svarUpa kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI; kyoMki vastu sarvathA eka rUpa hI nahIM hai| ataH jo pratipakSI dharmoM kI apekSA rakhate hue vastu ke eka dharma kA kathana karatA hai vahI sunaya tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 141 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #144
hai aura isI se vastu-svarUpa kI siddhi hotI hai| ___isaprakAra naya kI upayogitA na kevala saiddhAntika aura AdhyAtmika dRSTi se . hai, kintu jIvana-jagat ke laukika vyavahAroM meM bhI pratikSaNa isakI upayogitA siddha hotI hai| yaha samasta prakAra ke vivAdoM, matabhedoM aura saMgharSoM ko samApta kara jIvana ko prazasta banAtA hai| yahI jainadarzana kA naya-nirUpaNa hai| nikSepa ' (1) nikSepa kI upayogitA aura usakA svarUpa-nikSepa kA siddhAnta jainadarzana kI eka maulika dena hai| jainadarzanakAroM ne tattvAdhigama ke upAyoM meM nikSepa-paddhati ko bhI apanAyA hai; kyoMki samasta tattvoM yA padArthoM kA jJAna nikSepa vidhi para hI AdhArita hai| saMsArI jIvoM kA samasta vyavahAra padArthAzrita hai| padArtha aneka aura anantadharmAtmaka haiN| una sabakA vyavahAra eka sAtha nahIM ho sktaa| ve apanI-apanI paryAya meM pRthak-pRthak hote haiN| unakI pahacAna bhI pRthak-pRthak hotI hai| inhIM ananta dharmAtmaka padArthoM ko vyavahAra meM lAne ke lie kiye jAne vAle prayatnoM meM nikSepa kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| jagat meM zabda, jJAna aura artha, tIna prakAra se vyavahAra calate haiN| kahIM zabdAtmaka vyavahAra se kAma calatA hai to kahIM jJAnAtmaka vyavahAra se aura kahIM arthAtmaka vyavahAra se| ananta dharmAtmaka vastu ko saMvyavahAra ke lie ina tIna prakAra ke vyavahAroM meM bA~TanA 'nikSepa' hai| 'nikSepa' zabda 'ni' upasarga pUrvaka 'kSip' dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha hai, 'rakhanA' / 'nyAsa' zabda kA bhI yahI artha hai| arthAt vastu kA vizleSaNa kara usakI sthiti kI jitane prakAra kI sambhAvanAe~ ho sakatI haiM unako sAmane rakhanA 'nikSepa' hai| Azaya yaha hai ki vivecya padArtha jitane prakAra kA ho sakatA hai utane saba sambhAvita prakAra sAmane rakhakara aprastuta kA nirAkaraNa karake vivakSita padArtha ko grahaNa karanA 'nikSepa' hai| pramANa aura naya ke anusAra pracalita loka-vyavahAra ko bhI 'nikSepa' kahate haiN| loka aura zAstroM meM eka-eka zabda kA aneka arthoM meM prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| yaha prayoga kahA~ aura kisa artha meM kiyA gayA hai? isa viSaya ko batalAnA hI nikSepa-vidhi kA kAma hai| ___ vaktA ke mukha se nikale hue zabda ke apekSA ko lekara bhinna-bhinna artha hote haiM, una arthoM meM doSa na Ae aura vAstavika artha kA ThIka-ThIka parijJAna ho jAe, yaha batalAne ke lie hI zAstroM meM nikSepa kA upakrama kiyA gayA hai| nikSepa 142 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #145
ke isa upakrama se aprakRta artha kA nirAkaraNa hokara prakRta artha kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai jisase vyavahAra karane meM kisI bhI prakAra kI asuvidhA nahIM hotI hai aura isase vaktA aura zrotA donoM hI eka dUsare ke Azaya ko bhalI prakAra samajha lete haiN| jainAcAryoM ne jainAgama sAhitya meM vyAkhyA kI paripATI meM isa nikSepa vidhi kA adhika vizleSaNa kiyA hai| ___AcArya umAsvAti ne kahA hai-'lakSaNa aura bhedoM ke dvArA padArthoM kA jJAna jitane vistAra ke sAtha ho sake aise vyavahAra-rUpa upAya ko 'nyAsa' athavA 'nikSepa' kahate haiN| 207 AcArya vIrasena svAmI ne nikSepa zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue kahA hai-'jo kisI eka nizcaya yA nirNaya meM kSepaNa kare arthAt anirNIta vastu kA usake nAmAdi dvArA nirNaya karAtA hai, use nikSepa kahate haiN| 208 zrI jinabhadragaNi ne bhI 'nikSepa' zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue likhA hai, 'jisase vastu yA padArtha kA usake nAma, sthApanA Adi bhedoM ke dvArA vyavasthApana, kSepaNa, nyAsa, nizcaya yA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai, use nikSepa kahate haiN| 29 - zrI yazovijayagaNi ne 'zabda aura artha kI aisI vizeSa racanA ko nikSepa kahA hai, jisase prakaraNa Adi ke anusAra apratipatti Adi kA nivAraNa hokara yathAsthAna viniyoga hotA hai| 210 ___ AcArya akalaMkadeva ne nikSepoM kA aneka prakAra se vivecana karate hue likhA hai-'AtmA Adi padArthoM kA jo jJAna hai vahI pramANa hai aura unako jAnane kA jo upAya hai vaha 'nyAsa' athavA 'nikSepa' hai|1 nikSepa padArthoM ke vizleSaNa ke upAyabhUta haiN| unheM nayoM dvArA ThIka-ThIka samajhakara zabdAtmaka, arthAtmaka aura jJAnAtmaka bhedoM kI racanA karanI caahie| isase aprastuta artha kA niSedha aura prastuta artha kA nirUpaNa ho jAtA hai| 13 . unhoMne apane 'siddhi-vinizcaya' grantha meM bhI likhA hai, 'kisI dharmI (vasta) meM naya ke dvArA jAne gaye dharmoM kI yojanA karane ko nikSepa kahate haiN| nikSepa ke ananta bheda haiN| kintu usake saMkSepa meM cAra bheda haiN| aprastuta kA nirAkaraNa karake prastuta kA nirUpaNa karanA usakA prayojana hai| yaha nikSepa dravyArthika evaM paryAyArthika naya ke dvArA jIvAdi tattvoM ke jAnane meM kAraNa hai| nikSepa se kevala tattvArtha kA jJAna hI nahIM hotA, saMzaya viparyaya Adi bhI dUra ho jAte haiN| zabda se artha kA jJAna hone meM nikSepa nimitta hai, kyoMki vaha zabdoM meM yathAzakti unake vAcyoM ke bheda kI racanA karatA hai| isalie jJAtA ke zruta-viSayaka vikalpoM kI upalabdhi ke upayoga kA tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 143 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #146
nAma 'nikSepa' hai| 214 AcArya devasena ne 'pramANa aura naya ke nikSepaNa yA AropaNa ko 'nikSepa' kahA hai| 'nikSepa' zabda kA artha hai 'rkhnaa'| ataeva prayojanavaza nAma, sthApanA dravya aura bhAva meM padArtha ke nikSepaNa, sthApana yA AropaNa ko nikSepa kahA hai| 215 zrI mAilla dhavala ne bhI 'yukti ke dvArA suyukta mArga meM kAryavaza se nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva meM padArtha kI sthApanA ko nikSepa kahA hai| 216 ukta kathana kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki jisa padArtha kA pratyakSAdi pramANoM ke dvArA, naigamAdi nayoM ke dvArA tathA nAmAdi nikSepoM ke dvArA sUkSma dRSTi se vicAra nahIM kiyA jAtA, vaha padArtha kabhI yukta (saMgata) hote hue ayukta (asaMgata) sA pratIta hotA hai aura kabhI ayukta hote hue bhI yukta sA pratIta hotA hai| ataH pramANa, naya aura nikSepa ke dvArA padArtha kA nirNaya karanA caahie| jo vidvAna nikSepa, naya aura pramANa ko jAnakara tattvamImAMsA karate hai ve hI vAstavika tattva kA jJAna prApta kara sakate haiN| isI prakAra jo guNa, paryAya, lakSaNa, svabhAva, nikSepa, naya aura pramANa ko bhedaprabheda sahita jAnate haiM, ve hI dravya svabhAva ko samajha sakate hai| ataH dravya svabhAva yA dravya svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie nikSepa Adi kA jAnanA Avazyaka hai| ___AcArya pUjyapAda ne nikSepa kI upayogitA aura prayojana batalAte hue kahA hai, 'aprakRta kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie aura prakRta kA nirUpaNa karane ke lie nikSepa kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai| arthAt kisa zabda kA kyA artha hai ? yaha nikSepa vidhi ke dvArA vistAra se batalAyA jAtA hai| 217 isI prakAra AcArya yativRSabha tathA jinabhadragaNi Adi sabhI AcAryoM ne nikSepa ke viSaya meM ye hI bhAva abhivyakta kiye haiN| nikSepa ke prayojana kA vivecana karate hue AcArya vIrasena svAmI ne likhA hai-zrotA tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-pahalA avyutpanna arthAt vastu-svarUpa se anabhijJa, dUsarA sampUrNa rUpa se vivakSita padArtha ko jAnane vAlA, tIsarA vivakSita padArtha ko ekadeza se jAnane vaalaa| inameM se pahalA zrotA to avyutpanna hone ke kAraNa vivakSita pada ke artha ko kucha bhI nahIM smjhtaa| dUsarA zrotA vastu ke yathArtha kA samyak jJAna kara letA hai| tIsarA yahA~ para isa pada kA kauna sA artha adhikRta hai? isa prakAra vivakSita pada ke artha meM sandeha karatA hai, athavA prakaraNa prApta artha ko chor3akara aura dUsare artha ko grahaNa karake viparIta samajhatA hai| yaha prakRta pada ke artha meM yA to sandeha karatA hai yA viparIta nizcaya kara letA hai| inameM se yadi avyutpanna zrotA paryAya kA arthI arthAt paryAyArthika naya kI apekSA vastu kI kisI vivakSita paryAya ko jAnanA cAhatA hai to usa avyutpanna 144 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #147
zrotA ko prakata viSaya kI vyutpatti ke dvArA aprakRta viSaya kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie bhAva nikSepa kA kathana karanA caahie| yadi vaha avyutpanna zrotA dravyArthika dRSTi vAlA hai arthAt sAmAnya rUpa se kisI vastu kA svarUpa jAnanA cAhatA hai to usake lie nikSepoM dvArA prakRta padArtha kA nirUpaNa karane ke lie saba nikSepoM kA kathana karanA caahie| kyoMki vizeSa dharmoM kA nirNaya hue binA sAmAnya dharma kA nirNaya nahIM ho sktaa| tIsarI jAti ke zrotAoM ko yadi sandeha ho to unake sandeha ko dUra karane ke lie saba nikSepoM kA kathana karanA cAhie aura yadi unheM viparIta jJAna ho gayA ho to prakRta arthAt vivakSita vastu ke nirNaya ke lie sampUrNa nikSepoM kA kathana karanA caahie| kahA bhI hai-aprakRta viSaya ke nivAraNa karane ke lie, prakRta viSaya ke nirUpaNa karane ke lie, saMzaya kA vinAza karane ke lie aura tattvArtha kA nizcaya karane ke lie nikSepoM kA kathana karanA caahie| kyoMki nikSepoM ke binA varNana kiyA gayA siddhAnta vaktA aura zrotA donoM ko kumArga meM le jA sakatA hai| isalie bhI nikSepoM kA kathana Avazyaka hai| 218 (2) nikSepa ke bheda-yadi vistAra se vicAra kiyA jAya to vastu-vinyAsa ke jitane krama haiM, utane hI nikSepa haiN| kitane hI granthakAroM ne nikSepoM ke sambhAvya aneka bhedoM kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai| zrI vIrasena svAmI ne nikSepa ke chaha bheda kiye haiM-nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva isase Age isI dhavalA TIkA meM nikSepoM ke kathana kA prayojana batalAne ke lie eka prAcIna gAthA uddhata hai, jisameM kahA gayA hai-'jahA~ jIvAdi padArthoM ke viSaya meM bahuta jAne, vahA~ para niyama se sabhI nikSepoM ke dvArA una padArthoM kA vicAra karanA cAhie aura jahA~ bahuta na jAne, vahA~ cAra nikSepoM ke dvArA padArthoM kA vicAra avazya karanA caahie| 220 isa prAcIna gAthA ke ullekha se pratIta hotA hai ki prAcIna AcAryoM ne bhI nikSepa ke vistAra se aneka bheda kiye haiM aura saMkSepa meM kama se kama cAra bheda kiye AcArya yativRSabha ne 'nikSepa ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ye chaha bheda kiye haiN| 21 AcArya akalaMkadeva ne nikSepa ko ananta prakAra kA batalAkara bhI usake nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva ke ye cAra bheda kiye haiN| saMkSepa meM nikSepa ke ye hI cAra bheda haiM, kintu vistAra se vaha nikSepa gapraviSTa aura aMgabahi Adi aneka bhedoM vAlA hai|22 tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 145 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #148
AcArya umAsvAmI ne nikSepa kI vistAra zailI ko na apanA kara saMkSepa meM hI nikSepa ke kevala cAra bheda kiye hai- nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva se una samyagdarzana Adi tathA jIva Adi tattvoM kA nyAsa arthAt nikSepa hotA hai / 223 isa prakAra sAmAnyataH nikSepa ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva- ye cAra bheda hI sarvamAnya haiN| 1. nAma nikSepa - dravya, jAti, guNa, kriyA Adi zabda pravRtti ke nimitta hote haiM / inameM se kisI bhI nimitta kI apekSA kiye binA hI kevala vyavahAra kI siddhi ke lie apanI icchAnusAra kisI kI koI saMjJA yA nAma rakha lenA nAma nikSepa haiN| jaise -- kisI mUrkha vyakti kA bhI nAma vidyAdhara yA vAcaspati rakha diyA jAtA hai| athavA kisI nirdhana vyakti ko bhI lakSmIdhara yA karor3Imala kahA jA sakatA hai| athavA kisI meM mANika aura lAla, ratna ke guNa na rahane para bhI usakA nAma mANikalAla, ratanacandra Adi rakha diyA jAtA hai| '224 yaha nAma nikSepa zabdAtmaka vyavahAra kA prayojaka hotA hai| isakI prakriyA kevala loka - vyavahAra ko calAne ke lie hI hotI hai| isameM vyakti ke andara usa prakAra guNa, jAti tathA kriyA Adi kA honA Avazyaka nahIM hai, jaisA use nAma diyA gayA hai| 1 2. sthApanA nikSepa - dhAtu, kASTha, pASANa Adi kI pratimA tathA anya padArthoM meM 'yaha vaha hai' isa prakAra kisI kI kalpanA karanA sthApanA nikSepa hai 225 sthApanA nikSepa ke bhI do bheda haiM- 1. tadAkAra yA sadbhAva sthApanA aura 2. atadAkAra yA asadbhAva sthApanA 1 226 tadAkAra sthApanA - eka vyakti apane guru ke citra ko guru mAnatA hai yaha tadAkAra yA sadbhAva sthApanA hai / athavA jisa padArtha kA jaisA AkAra hai usameM usI AkAra vAle kI kalpanA yA Aropa karanA tadAkAra yA sadbhAva sthApanA hai / jaisebhagavAna mahAvIra yA bhagavAna rAma kI mUrti meM bhagavAna mahAvIra yA bhagavAna rAma kI kalpanA karanA / atadAkAra yA asadbhAva sthApanA - koI vyakti zaMkha yA pASANa meM apane guru kA Aropa yA kalpanA kara letA hai, yaha atadAkAra sthApanA hai athavA bhinna AkAra vAle padArthoM meM kisI bhinna AkAra vAle kI kalpanA karanA atadAkAra sthApanA hai| jaise - zataraMja kI muharoM meM bAdazAha, vajIra, ghor3e Adi kI sthApanA yA kalpanA karanA / sthApanA nikSepa meM jo artha tadrUpa nahIM hai use tadrUpa bhI mAna liyA jAtA hai / yaha nikSepa jJAnAtmaka vyavahAra kA prayojaka hai / isa nikSepa meM jJAna ke dvArA 146 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #149
tadAkAra yA atadAkAra meM vivakSita vastu kI kalpanA kara lI jAtI hai aura saMketa dvArA usakA bodha karA diyA jAtA hai| nAma aura sthApanA nikSepa meM antara-nAma-nikSepa meM pahacAna aura sthApanA meM AkAra kI bhAvanA hotI hai| nAma nikSepa meM jisa prakAra guNa kI apekSA kA sarvathA abhAva hai usaprakAra sthApanA-nikSepa meM nahIM hai| nAma nikSepa meM Adara aura anugraha athavA pUjya aura apUjya kA vyavahAra nahIM hotA hai| kintu sthApanA-nikSepa meM yaha vyavahAra hotA hai| jaise-bhagavAna mahAvIra yA bhagavAna rAma kI mUrti meM bhagavAna mahAvIra yA bhagavAna rAma ke samAna hI Adara yA pUjyatA kA bhAva hotA hai kintu kisI nAma vAle vyakti meM yaha bhAva nahIM hotA hai| ____ 3. dravya nikSepa-kisI vastu kI jo paryAya Age hone vAlI hai use pahale se hI usa paryAya rUpa kahanA athavA jo paryAya ho cukI hai usakA vyavahAra vartamAna meM karanA dravya nikSepa hai| dravya mUla vastu kI pUrvottara dazA yA usase sambandha rakhane vAlI anya vastu hotI hai / 27 jaise-rAjaputra yA yuvarAja ko bhI rAjA khnaa| yadyapi yaha vartamAna meM rAjA nahIM hai, kintu bhaviSya meM hone vAlA hai phira bhI usako vartamAna meM rAjA kahane laganA athavA jo pahale kabhI rAjA thA, kintu usane aba rAjapada kA tyAga kara diyA hai phira bhI use rAjA kahate rhnaa| yaha saba dravya nikSepa kA viSaya hai athavA bhUta, bhaviSyat paryAya kI mukhyatA lekara vartamAna meM kahanA dravya nikSepa hai| yaha dravya nikSepa arthAtmaka vyavahAra kA prayojaka hai| ... dravya nikSepa ke do bheda haiM-1. Agama dravya nikSepa, 2. noAgama dravya nikSepa 28 - Agama dravya nikSepa-nikSepya padArtha ke prarUpaka zAstra ke upayoga rahita jJAtA ko Agama dravya-nikSepa kahate haiN| athavA jo jIva viSayaka zAstra ko jAnatA hai, kintu vartamAna meM usake upayoga se rahita hai| jaise-sudarzana merU kA svarUpanirUpaNa karane vAlA 'trilokasAra' grantha kA jAnane vAlA puruSa jisa kAla meM sudarzana merU ke kathana meM upayoga sahita nahIM hai usa kAla meM usa jIva ko sudarzana merU kA Agama-dravya-nikSepa kahate hai| noAgama dravya nikSepa tIna prakAra kA hai-229 1. jJAyaka zarIra, 2. bhAvi, 3. tdvytirikt| (1) jJAyaka zarIra noAgama dravya nikSepa-nikSepya padArthanirUpaka zAstra ke anupayukta jJAtA ke zarIra ko jJAyaka zarIra noAgama dravya nikSepa kahate haiN| jaisekara-padArtha kA nirUpaka jo zAstra hai usa zAstra ke anupayukta jJAtA ke zarIra ko tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 147 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #150
jIva kA jJAyaka zarIra noAgama dravya nikSepa kahate haiN| isa zarIra ke bhI tIna bheda haiM- 1. bhUta, 2. bhaviSyat 3. vartamAna / jisa zarIra ko chor3akara jJAtA AyA hai usako bhUta zarIra kahate haiM / jisa zarIra ko jJAtA AgAmI kAla meM dhAraNa karegA use bhaviSyat zarIra kahate hai| jJAtA ke vartamAna zarIra ko vartamAna kahate haiM / bhUta zarIra ke bhI tIna bheda haiM- 1. cyuta, 2. cyAvita, 3. tyakta / jo zarIra apanI Ayu ko pUrNa karake chUTatA hai usako cyuta zarIra kahate haiM / viSabhakSaNa Adi nimittoM se akAla mRtyu dvArA jo zarIra chUTatA hai use cyAvita zarIra kahate haiM / jo zarIra saMnyAsamaraNa meM chUTatA hai use tyakta zarIra kahate haiM / (2) bhAvi no Agama dravya nikSepa - bhAvi paryAya ko bhAvi no Agama-dravya nikSepa kahate haiM / jaise- bhaviSya meM rAjA hone vAle ko rAjA kahanA / (3) tadvyatirikta ke do bheda haiM- 1. karma aura 2. nokarma / karma ke jJAnAvaraNa Adi aneka bheda haiN| jisa karma kI jo avasthA nikSepyapadArtha kI utpatti ke nimittabhUta hai usa hI avasthA ko prApta vaha karma nikSepya padArtha kA karma tadvyatirikta noAgama dravya nikSepa hai| zarIra Adi ke poSaka AhArAdi rUpa pudgala dravya no- karma tadvyatirikta noAgama dravya nikSepa hai 1 230 4. bhAva nikSepa - kevala vartamAna paryAya kI mukhyatA se jo padArtha jaisA hai usako usI rUpa meM kahanA bhAva nikSepa hai / 231 jaise- rAjya karate hue vyakti ko rAjA kahanA athavA manuSya-paryAya yukta jIva ko manuSya kahanA athavA samyagdarzana se yukta ko samyagdRSTi kahanA / yaha bhAva - nikSepa bhI arthAtmaka vyavahAra kA prayojaka hai| bhAva nikSepa ke do bheda haiM- 1. Agama bhAva nikSepa, 2. no Agama bhAva nikSepa 1232 Agama bhAva nikSepa - nikSepya padArtha-sa - svarUpa - nirUpaka zAstra ke upayoga viziSTa jJAtA jIva ko Agama bhAva nikSepa kahate haiM / jaise- noAgama bhAva-nikSepa-tatparyAyayukta vastu kA noAgama bhAva nikSepa hai| - manuSya paryAya saMyukta jIva manuSya kA noAgama bhAva nikSepa hai| 233 (3) naya aura nikSepa - nikSepa bhASA aura bhAva kI saMgati hai / ise samajhe 148 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #151
binA bhASA ke prAstAvika artha ko nahIM samajhA jA sakatA / jJeya padArtha akhaNDa hai tathApi use jAnane para jJeyapadArtha ke jo bheda (aMza) kiye jAte haiM use nikSepa kahate haiM aura usa aMza ko jAnane vAle jJAna ko naya kahate haiM / nikSepa naya kA viSaya yA jJeya hai aura naya nikSepa kA viSayI yA viSaya karane vAlA yA jJAyaka hai| donoM meM viSaya - viSayI yA jJeya - jJAyaka sambandha hai / vAcya aura vAcaka kA sambandha tathA usakI kriyA naya se jAnI jAtI hai| naya guNa- sApekSa aura savipakSa hotA hai, kintu nikSepa upacAra se kevala guNoM kA AkSepa karane vAlA hotA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jahA~ koI padArtha sAmane ho usameM guNa- paryAya Adi dekhakara unakI apekSA rakhate hue usakA pratipAdana kiyA jA rahA ho vahA~ to naya kA vyApAra samajhanA cAhie aura jahA~ koI padArtha hI sAmane na ho kevala kalpanAoM dvArA vastubhUta guNoM kI apekSA na karake usakA pratipAdana kiyA jA rahA ho vahA~ nikSepa kA vyApAra samajhanA caahie| jaise - kalpanA mAtra se hI kisI ko indra kaha denA, bhale hI vaha bhUkhA maratA ho| loka meM jitanA hI zabda vyavahAra hotA hai usakA vibhAga dvArA vargIkaraNa kara denA hI nikSepa kA kAma hai| naya viSayI hai, kintu nikSepa zAbdika viSayavibhAga kA prayojaka hai| nikSepa kevala yaha batalAtA hai ki hamane jisa zabda yA vAkya kA prayoga kiyA hai vaha kisa vibhAga meM sammilita kiyA jA sakatA hai; kintu naya usa zabda prayoga meM jo Antarika mAnasa pariNAma kArya kara rahA hai usakA udghATana karatA hai| vaha batalAtA hai ki usa zabda kA prayoga kisa dRSTikoNa se . samIcIna hai| isa prakAra naya aura nikSepa meM yahI maulika antara hai / (4) nikSepoM meM naya yojanA -- ukta cAroM nikSepoM meM se nAma, sthApanA aura dravya - ye tIna nikSepa dravyArthika naya ke viSaya haiM aura bhAva nikSepa paryAyArthika naya kA viSaya hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki dravyArthika naya kA viSaya dravya - anvaya hotA hai aura nAma, sthApanA tathA dravya ye tInoM nikSepa sAmAnya- dravya rUpa haiM, inakA sambandha tIna kAla se hotA hai isalie ye dravyArthika naya ke viSaya haiN| bhAva meM anvaya nahIM hotA hai, vaha vizeSa (paryAya) rUpa hai, usakA sambandha kevala vartamAna paryAya se hotA hai; isalie vaha paryAyArthika naya kA viSaya hai / itanI vizeSatA hai ki nAma ko sAdRzya sAmAnyAtmaka mAne binA zabda - vyavahAra kI pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI hai, isalie nAma nikSepa dravyArthika naya kA viSaya hai aura jisakI jisameM sthApanA kI jAtI hai usameM ekatva kA adhyavasAya kiye binA sthApanA nahIM bana sakatI hai isalie sthApanA bhI dravyArthika naya kA viSaya hai| AcArya siddhasena divAkara, 234 vidyAnanda svAmI, 235 pUjyapAda, 236 akalaMkadeva237 tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 149 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #152
tathA jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa238 Adi ne bhI sAmAnya rUpa se yahI kahA hai kinAma, sthApanA aura dravya-ye tInoM dravyArthika naya ke nikSepa haiM aura bhAva paryAyArthika naya kA nikSepa hai| AcArya siddhasena239 ke matAnusAra dravyArthika naya ke do bheda haiM-saMgraha aura vyavahAra; kyoMki sAmAnyagrAhI naigama naya kA saMgraha naya meM aura vizeSagrAhI naigama naya kA vyavahAra naya meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| paryAyArthika naya ke cAra bheda haiMRju-sUtra, zabda, samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta ny| isa prakAra ina ke mata se nayoM ke chaha bheda haiN| inake isa mata ke anusAra, jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne bhI kahA hai-saMgraha aura vyavahAra naya dravyArthika ke bheda haiM aura RjusUtrAdi zeSa cAra naya paryAyArthika ke bheda haiN| AcArya pUjyapAda naigama naya ko svatantra mAnate haiM ataH inake mata se naigama, saMgraha aura vyavahAra-ye tInoM dravyArthika naya haiM aura RjasUtra, zabda, samabhirUDha tathA evaMbhUta naya paryAyArthika haiM 41 isa prakAra AcArya siddhasena, jinabhadragaNi aura pUjyapAda-ina tInoM ke mata se RjusUtrAdi cAroM naya paryAyArthika haiM, ata: ye kevala bhAva-nikSepa ko hI viSaya karate haiM aura naigama, saMgraha aura vyavahAra nAma, sthApanA aura dravya kA viSaya karate haiM; kintu jinabhadragaNi ne apane nija ke matAnusAra nikSepoM kA vicAra karate hue kahA hai-'zabda, samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta naya bhAva-nikSepa ko hI svIkAra karate haiM aura zeSa naya sabhI cAroM nikSepoM ko svIkAra karate haiM 42 ' tInoM zabda naya zuddha hone ke kAraNa bhAva ko hI viSaya karate haiM aura RjusUtrAdi azuddha hone ke kAraNa cAroM nikSepoM ko viSaya karate haiN| Age ve RjusUtra naya ko dravyArthika mAnakara dravyArthika naya meM cAroM nikSepa ghaTA lete haiN| inhoMne eka aise mata kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, jisake anusAra RjusUtra naya nAma aura bhAva-nikSepoM ko hI viSaya karatA hai| eka mata aisA bhI hai ki saMgraha aura vyavahAra naya-sthApanA ko chor3akara zeSa tIna nikSepoM ko viSaya karate haiM 243 AcArya puSpadanta-bhUtabali ne SaTkhaNDAgama ke prakRti anuyogadvAra meM tathA AcArya yativRSabha ne kaSAyapAhuDa ke cUrNi sUtroM meM tathA AcArya vIrasena svAmI ne SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM nikSepoM meM isa naya-yojanA kA zaMkA-samAdhAnapUrvaka vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai| isa prakAra vastu svarUpa ke parijJAna ke lie nikSepa vidhi kA vivecana kiyA gyaa| 150 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #153
anekAnta aura syAdvAda anekAntavAda kI avadhAraNA anekAntavAda jainadarzana kA maulika va viziSTa siddhAnta hai| jainatattvajJAna kI sArI imArata anekAntavAda ke siddhAnta para avalambita hai| vAstava meM ise jainadarzana kI mUlabhitti samajhanA caahie| isIlie jainadarzana ko anekAntavAdI darzana kahA jAtA hai| yaha jaina paramparA kI eka vilakSaNa sUjha hai jo vAstavika satya kA sAkSAtkAra karane meM parama sahAyaka hai| dArzanika jagat ko jainadarzana kI yaha eka maulika evaM asAdhAraNa dena hai| ___anekAnta kI vyutpatti karate hue kahA gayA hai ki 'jisameM aneka anta arthAt dharma-sAmAnya, vizeSa, paryAya, guNa, svabhAva aura aMza pAye jAte haiM use anekAnta kahate haiM / 44 'anekAnta' zabda aneka aura anta, ina do zabdoM se milakara banA hai| 'aneka' kA artha spaSTa hai aura 'anta' kA artha hai aMza athavA dhrm| ataH paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAle dharmoM kA eka hI vastu meM hone kA nAma anekAnta hai| AcArya amRtacandra ne bhI anekAnta kA yahI svarUpa batAyA hai-'jo vastu tatsvarUpa hai vahI atatsvarUpa bhI hai, jo eka hai vahI aneka bhI hai, jo sat hai vahI asat bhI hai, jo nitya hai vahI anitya bhI hai|' isa prakAra eka vastu meM vastutva kI upajAne vAlI paraspara viruddha do zaktiyoM kA prakAzita honA anekAnta hai / 245 anekAnta eka hI vastu meM vastutva ke kAraNabhUta paraspara virodhI aneka dharma-yugaloM ko prakAzita karatA hai| ___isI prakAra AcArya vidyAnanda ne bhI kahA hai-'vastu sarvathA sat hI hai athavA asat hI hai, nitya hI hai athavA anitya hI hai ityAdi sarvathA.ekAntoM kA nirasana karake vastu kA kathaMcit sat, kathaMcit asat, kathaMcit nitya, kathaMcit anitya Adi rUpa honA hI anekAnta hai| 246 'anekAnta' zabda ekAntatva, sarvathAtva Adi ekAnta nizcayoM kA niSedhaka aura vividhatA kA vidhAyaka hai| sarvathA eka hI dRSTi se padArtha ke avalokana karane kI paddhati ko apUrNa samajha kara hI jainadarzana meM anekAntavAda ko mukhya sthAna diyA gayA hai| anekAnta kA artha hai vastu-svarUpa kA bhinna-bhinna dRSTiyoM yA apekSAoM se paryAlocana krnaa| arthAt eka hI vastu meM bhinna-bhinna vAstavika dharmoM ko sApekSatayA svIkAra karane kA nAma anekAnta hai athavA jo vastu ke ananta dharmAtmaka svarUpa kA pratipAdana mukhya-gauNabhAva se karatA hai vaha anekAntavAda hai| jaise eka hI puruSa apane vibhinna sambandhiyoM kI apekSA se pitA, putra, bhrAtA Adi saMjJAoM tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 151 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #154
se sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra apekSA bheda se eka hI vastu meM aneka dharmoM kI sattA pramANita hotI hai / syAdvAda, nayavAda aura apekSAvAda aura kathaMcitvAda ye anekAntavAda ke hI paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| vAstava meM vicAra ke kSetra meM anekAnta itanA vyApaka hai ki vizva ke samagra darzanoM kA isameM samAveza ho jAtA hai; kyoMki 'jitane vacana - vyavahAra haiM utane hI naya haiM '247 | vastutaH samyak nayoM kA samUha hI anekAnta hai| naya ko ekAnta bhI kahate haiM, ata: ekAntoM ke samUha kA nAma bhI anekAnta hai; kyoMki ekAnta ke binA anekAnta sambhava nahIM hai / yadi ekAnta na ho to jaise eka ke binA aneka nahIM, * vaise hI ekAnta ke binA anekAnta nahIM / ataH jaba sabhI anekAnta rUpa haiM to anekAnta ekAnta rUpa kaise ho sakatA hai ? anekAnta meM anekAnta ko ghaTita karate hue AcArya samantabhadra248 ne kahA hai - 'pramANa aura naya ke dvArA siddha hone vAlA anekAnta bhI anekAnta rUpa hai| pramANa kI apekSA anekAnta hai aura vivakSita naya kI apekSA ekAnta hai| anekAnta do prakAra kA hai|249 samyag anekAnta aura mithyA anekAnta / ekAnta bhI do prakAra kA hai - samyag ekAnta aura mithyA ekAnta / eka vastu meM yukti aura Agama se aviruddha pratipakSI aneka dharmoM kA nirUpaNa karane vAlA. samyak anekAnta hai tathA tat aura atat svabhAvavAlI vastu se zUnya kAlpanika aneka dharmAtmaka jo korA vAgjAla hai, vaha mithyA anekAnta hai / pramANa ke dvArA nirUpita vastu ke ekadeza ko hetu- vizeSa kI sAmarthya kI apekSA se grahaNa karane vAlA samyag ekAnta hai aura eka dharma kA sarvathA avadhAraNa karake anya saba dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa karane vAlA mithyA ekAnta hai / samyag anekAnta ko pramANa kahate haiM aura samyag ekAnta ko naya / pramANa kI apekSA se anekAnta hotA hai; kyoMki vaha aneka nizcayoM kA AdhAra hai aura naya kI apekSA se ekAnta hotA hai; kyoMki eka hI dharma kA nizcaya karane kI ora usakA jhukAva rahatA hai| yadi anekAnta ko anekAnta rUpa hI mAnA jAya aura ekAnta ko sarvathA na mAnA jAya to ekAnta kA abhAva hone se ekAntoM ke samUha - rUpa anekAnta kA bhI abhAva ho jaaegaa| jaise - zAkhA, patra, puSpa Adi ke abhAva meM vRkSa kA abhAva anivArya hai tathA yadi ekAnta ko hI mAnA jAya to avinAbhAvI itara saba dharmoM kA nirUpaNa karane ke kAraNa prakRta dharma kA bhI lopa ho jAne se sarvalopa kA prasaMga AtA hai| yathArthataH anekAnta vaha vicAradhArA hai jisameM kisI eka 'anta' kA, dharma vizeSa kA athavA eka pakSa vizeSa kA Agraha na ho / sAmAnya bhASA meM vicAroM ke anAgraha ko hI vAstava meM anekAnta kahA jAtA hai / jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM 152 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #155
anekAnta siddhAnta kI bar3I upayogitA hai| jIvana aura jagata ke jitane bhI vyavahAra haiM ve saba anekAntamUlaka haiN| anekAnta ke binA jIvana jagat kA vyavahAra nahIM cala sktaa| jIvana ke pratyeka pahalU ko samajhane ke lie anekAnta kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai| isakI upayogitA mAtra dArzanika kSetra meM hI ho aisI bAta nahIM hai, isake binA hamArA loka-vyavahAra bhI nahIM sdhtaa| pada pada para isake abhAva meM visaMvAda, yuddha, saMgharSa kI sambhAvanA hai| ataeva AcArya siddhasena ne ThIka hI kahA hai-'jisake binA loka-vyavahAra bhI sarvathA nahIM cala sakatA, tInoM lokoM ke usa advitIya guru anekAntavAda ko namaskAra ho|250 anekAntavAda paramAgama arthAt jaina siddhAnta kA jIvana hai| yadi vaha paramAgama meM na rahe to sArA paramAgama pAkhaNDa ho jaay| ise hama paramAgama kA bIja bhI kaha sakate haiM; kyoMki isI se sAre paramAgama kI zAkhA-prazAkhAe~ otaprota haiN| anekAnta jagat ke samasta virodhoM ko dUra karane vAlA hai| vaha sampUrNa nayoM (samyag ekAntoM) se vilasita hai aura janmAndha puruSoM ke hasti-vidhAna (ekAnta dRSTi) kA niSedha karane vAlA hai| inhIM saba vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa usa anekAnta ko AcArya amRtacandra ne bhI namaskAra kiyA hai| yahA~ janmAndha puruSoM ke hasti-vidhAna ke ullekha se yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki kisI vastu yA bAta ko ThIka-ThIka na samajhakara usake viSaya meM apane haThapUrNa vicAra yA ekAnta abhiniveza banAne se bar3e-bar3e anarthoM kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| anekAntavAda ina anarthoM se bacane ke lie hI ekAnta abhinivezoM meM samanvaya sthApita kara tajjanya samasta virodhoM ko dUra karatA hai aura vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa kA parijJAna karAtA hai| ataH anekAntavAda ko spaSTa samajhane ke lie hI janmAndha puruSoM kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai-eka gA~va meM chaha janmAndha puruSa rahate the| unhoMne hAthI kA nAma to sunA thA kintu janmAndha hone ke kAraNa use dekhA nahIM thA ataH usake viSaya meM unheM jijJAsA huii| jaise hI gA~va meM acAnaka eka hAthI AyA aura usake Ane kA zora macA to ve sabhI andhe bhI usake najadIka pahu~ce aura sabhI ne alaga-alaga rUpa se usake aMgoM kA sparza kiyaa| pazcAt ve eka sAtha baiTha kara hAthI kA varNana karate hue jhagar3ane lge| unameM se jisane hAthI ke paira kA sparza kiyA thA, vaha kahane lagA-are bhAI! hamane hAthI ko ThIka samajha liyA, vaha to khambhe jaisA hotA hai| jisane usake peTa ko TaTolA thA vaha ekadama bolaa-nhiiN| tuma jhUTha bolate ho, tumheM kucha bhI jJAna nhiiN| hAthI khambhe jaisA nahIM hotA vaha to anAja bharane ke kuThIle jaisA hotA hai| jisane kAna pakar3A thA, vaha chUTakara Aveza meM bolA-haTo! tuma donoM hI mUrkha ho| hAthI na khambhe jaisA hotA hai aura na kuThIle jaisA hotA hai vaha to sUpa jaisA hotA hai| tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 153 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #156
jisane sa~Da pakar3I thI vaha bhI darpa se garaja kara bolA-are mUryo! kyoM vRthA bakavAsa karate ho? hAthI to ulaTe mUsala - jaisA hotA hai| pUMcha pakar3ane vAle sUradAsa ne saba ko DA~Tate hue kahA-are, kyoM nAhaka jhUTha bolate ho? hAthI to moTe rasse jaisA hotA hai| dA~ta TaTolane vAlA chaThA andha puruSa cillAte hue bolA-are dhUrto ! kyoM dUsaroM ko gumarAha karate ho? jaisA tuma loga kahate ho hAthI vaisA nahIM hotA; vaha to kudAla yA kuza jaisA hotA hai| isa prakAra ve chahoM janmAndha puruSa hAthI ke svarUpa ko lekara lage lar3anejhagar3ane aura gAlI-galauca krne| itane meM hI saubhAgya se acAnaka eka samajhadAra vyakti, jise hAthI kA pUrNa jJAna thA, vahA~ se nikalA aura una chahoM andhoM ke vAdavivAda tathA roSapUrNa jhagar3e ko dekhakara aura gAlI-galauca ko sunakara vahA~ ruka gayA aura usane unake lar3ane-jhagar3ane kA kAraNa puuchaa| ve saba eka dUsare ko jhUThA kaha kara kevala apanI-apanI hI hA~kane lge| unakI isa prakAra kI sarvathA ekAnta aura haThAgraha pUrNa mAnyatAoM ko sunakara usa jJAnI puruSa ko unakI ajJAnatA para kheda huA ki kisa prakAra vyakti apanI hI bAta ko pUrNa satya mAnakara dUsare kI vicAradhArA kI upekSA karatA hai| vAstava meM yaha ekAntadRSTi hI pArasparika saMgharSa, vivAda aura vaimanasya kI jar3a hai| usa jJAnI puruSa ne unako samajhAyA ki tuma sabhI bhrAnti meM ho| tuma meM se kisI ne bhI pUrNa hAthI ko nahIM jAnA hai| usake ekaeka aMga ko TaTolakara apanI-apanI samajha kI pUrNatA kA dAvA kara rahe ho aura usake eka-eka aMga ko hI pUrNa hAthI samajhakara Apasa meM lar3a rahe ho| jarA, samajhane kI koziza kro| eka dUsare ko jhUThA mata kaho, balki sabake dRSTikoNa ko samajhane kA prayatna kro| paira kI dRSTi se hAthI khambhe jaisA, peTa kI dRSTi se kuThIle jaisA, kAna kI dRSTi se sUpa jaisA, sUMDa kI dRSTi se mUsala jaisA, pU~cha kI dRSTi se rasse jaisA aura dA~ta kI dRSTi se hAthI kudAla jaisA hotA hai| hAthI kA svarUpa kevala paira, peTa, kAna Adi rUpa hI nahIM hai, kintu paira, peTa Adi samasta avayavoM ko milA dene para hI hAthI kA pUrNa rUpa banatA hai| isa prakAra ye bAta saba kI samajha meM A gayI aura apanI sarvathA ekAnta haThAgrahapUrNa dRSTi anekAnta ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gyii| unako apanI ekAnta dRSTi para pazcAtApa huA aura hAthI ke viSaya meM pUrNa jJAna prApta kara ve sabhI prasanna hue| isI prakAra saMsAra ke jitane bhI ekAntavAdI durAgrahazIla darzana aura sampradAya haiM ve vastu ke eka-eka aMza arthAt eka-eka dharma ko hI pUrNa vastu samajhate haiM aura dUsare darzanoM yA sampradAyoM meM matabheda rakhate haiN| para vAstava meM vaha vastu nahIM, vastu kA eka aMza mAtra haiN| yathArtha meM anekAnta vastu ke pUrNa svarUpa ko grahaNa karane vAlA 154 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #157
hai aura ekAnta apUrNa svarUpa ko| ekAnta mithyA abhiniveza ke kAraNa vastu ke eka aMza ko hI pUrNa vastu mAna baiThatA hai aura kahatA hai ki vastu itanI hI hai, aisI hI hai| isI se vibhinna prakAra ke matabheda aura jhagar3e utpanna hote haiN| eka darzana yA mAnyatA kA dUsare darzana yA mAnyatA se virodha ho jAtA hai, kintu anekAnta usa virodha kA parihAra karake unameM samanvaya sthApita karatA hai| anekAnta ekAntavAdI darzanoM kI bhUla batalAkara vastu ke satya svarUpa ko unake samakSa prastuta karatA hai| vaha sAmpradAyika matabheda aura kalaha ko zAnta karatA hai| kevala sAmpradAyika matabheda aura kalaha ko hI nahIM apitu jIvana ke hara kSetra meM-kyA to pArivArika, kyA sAmAjika aura kyA rASTrIya, sabhI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna kara unameM, prema evaM sadbhAvanA ke sukhada vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa karatA hai| kalaha aura saMgharSa eka dUsare ke dRSTikoNa ko na samajhane ke kAraNa hI hotA hai| anekAnta dUsare ke dRSTikoNa ko samajhane meM sahAyaka hotA hai| vAstava meM sArA jhagar3A 'hI' aura 'bhI' ke prayoga kA hai| ekAntavAdI darzana kahate haiM ki vastusvarUpa 'aisA hI' hai aura anekAntavAdI jainadarzana kahatA hai ki vastusvarUpa 'aisA bhI hai| ye kathana nirapekSatA aura sApekSatA ko batalAte haiN| kathana va jJAna meM nirapekSatA ekAntadaSTi hai, jo vivAdoM aura saMgharSoM kI jananI hai jabaki sApekSatA anekAnta-dRSTi hai jo una vivAdoM ko dUra karane vAlI hai| kitane hI darzana vastu ko sarvathA sat hI kahate haiM to inase bhinna anya darzana usI vastu ko sarvathA asat hI kahate haiN| isaprakAra ke kathana sarvathA vivAdAspada haiM, kintu anekAntavAdI jainadarzana vastu ko eka sAtha sad-asadAtmaka siddha karake unake virodhoM aura vivAdoM ko zAnta kara detA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki pratyeka vastu sat bhI hai aura asat bhI hai| apane nijasvarUpa kI apekSA se vastu sat hai aura para-svarUpa kI apekSA se asat hai| apane putra kI apekSA pitA sat hai aura para putra kI apekSA se pitA pitArUpa se asat hai| yadi vaha paraputra kI apekSA se bhI pitA hI hai to sAre saMsAra kA bhI pitA ho jAegA jo sarvathA asambhava hI hai| bAta yaha hai ki jagat kI pratyeka vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai, usameM paraspara meM viruddha pratIta hone vAle asti-nAsti yA sat-asat, nitya-anitya Adi ananta dharma-yugala vibhinna vivakSAoM se vidyamAna haiN| ina virodhI aneka dharmoM kA tAdAtmyarUpa hI to vastu hai| vastu meM pratyeka dharma kA virodhI dharma bhI dRSTibheda se sambhava hai| jisa prakAra 'syAdasti ghaTaH' isameM ghaTa' apane dravya,252 kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI maryAdA se hai arthAt 'ghaTa' meM apane svacatuSTaya kI apekSA se 'astitva ma' hai| usI taraha ghaTa vyatirikta paTAdi padArthoM kA 'nAstitva dharma' bhI ghaTa meM tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 155 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #158
hai / yadi ghaTa-bhinna paTAdi padArthoM kA nAstitva dharma ghaTa meM na mAnA jAya to ghaTa aura paTAdi anya padArtha milakara eka ho jAe~ge, unameM koI antara hI nahIM rhegaa| vastu ke 'astitva' dharma ko pradhAna mAnane para sadbhAva - sUcaka dRSTi samakSa AtI hai aura jaba niSedha kiye jAne vAle dharma mukhya hote haiM taba 'nAsti' nAmakaM dvitIya dRSTi udita hotI hai / vastu apane dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se 'sat' svarUpa hai aura vahI vastu anya padArthoM kI apekSA se 'asat' svarUpa hai| Ama apane svarUpa kI apekSA sadbhAva rUpa hai, lekina Ama se bhinna amarUda, nIMbU Adi padArthoM kI apekSA asadbhAva rUpa hai| yadi svarUpa kI apekSA Ama ke sadbhAva ke samAna pararUpa kI apekSA bhI Ama kA sadbhAva ho to Ama, amarUda, nIMbU Adi meM koI antara hI nahIM rahegA / isI prakAra yadi amarUda Adi Ama se bhinna padArthoM kI apekSA jaise Ama ko asadbhAvarUpa yA nAstirUpa kahate haiM usI prakAra svarUpa kI apekSA bhI yadi Ama nAstirUpa ho jAya to Ama kA sadbhAva hI nahIM rahegA / isI bAta ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya samantabhadra 254 ne kahA hai- aisA kauna hai jo samasta cetana, acetana, dravya aura paryAya Adi ko 25 svarUpAdi catuSTaya (svadravya, svakSetra, svakAla aura svabhAva ) kI apekSA se sat svarUpa hI aura paracatuSTaya256 (para-dravya, para- kSetra, para-kAla aura para - bhAva ) kI apekSA se asat svarUpa hI na mAne ? koI bhI, cAhe vaha laukika jana ho yA parIkSaka, syAdavAdI ho yA sarvathA ekAntavAdI ; yadi vaha sacetana hai to use aisA mAnanA hI hogA; kyoMki yadi vastu ko svadravyAdi kI apekSA sat svarUpa aura para dravyAdi kI apekSA asat svarUpa na mAnA jAya to kisI bhI vastu - svarUpa kI vyavasthA nahIM ho sakatI hai| AcArya akalaMka deva 258 ne bhI isI ko spaSTa kiyA hai-apanI sattA kA svIkAra aura para- sattA kA asvIkAra hI vastu kA vastutva hai| arthAt vastu kA vastutva isI vyavasthA para nirbhara hai ki vaha apane svarUpa kA upAdAna (grahaNa ) kare aura para-svarUpa kA apohana ( parihAra yA parityAga ) kare arthAt vastu svarUpa kI apekSA sadbhAva rUpa ho aura pararUpa kI apekSA abhAva rUpa ho / yadi vastu meM 'sva' kI sattA kI bhA~ti para kI asattA nahIM ho to usakA svarUpa hI nahIM bana sktaa| AcArya hemacandra258 bhI eka uddharaNa dete hue kahate haiM - pratyeka vastu svarUpa se sat (vidyamAna ) hai aura pararUpa se asat ( avidyamAna ) hai / yadi vastu ko 156 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #159
pararUpa se bhI sat rUpa ( bhAvarUpa ) svIkAra kiyA jAya, asat rUpa ( abhAvarUpa ) na mAnA jAya to eka vastu ke sadbhAva meM sampUrNa vastuoM kA sadbhAva mAnA jAnA cAhie aura yadi vastu ko svarUpa meM bhI asat rUpa ( abhAva rUpa ) mAnA jAya, sat rUpa na mAnA jAya to vastu ko sarvathA svabhAva rahita mAnanA hogaa| aisI sthiti meM vastu kA koI svarUpa hI nahIM raha jAegA, jo vastusvarUpa se sarvathA viparIta hai| svarUpa ke grahaNa aura pararUpa ke tyAga kI vyavasthA se hI vastu meM vastutva kI vyavasthA sughaTita hotI hai, anyathA nahIM / ataH pratyeka vastu svarUpa kI apekSA sadrUpa hai aura pararUpa kI apekSA asadrUpa hai| yadi svarUpa kI taraha pararUpa se bhI vastu ko sat mAnA jAya to cetana ke acetana rUpa hone kA prasaMga AtA hai aura yadi pararUpa kI taraha svarUpa se bhI asat mAnA jAya to sarvathA zUnyatA kI Apatti khar3I hotI hai athavA jisa rUpa se sattva hai usI rUpa se asattva ko aura jisa rUpa se asattva hai usI rUpa se sattva ko mAnA jAya to kucha bhI ghaTita nahIM hotA / ataH vastu svarUpa ko anyathA mAnane meM tattva yA vastu kI koI vyavasthA hI nahIM banatI hai| isI prakAra vastu ko sarvathA nitya rUpa mAnane para, jaisA ki nyAyavaizeSika Adi mAnate haiM, vastu meM arthakriyA nahIM banegI aura arthakriyA ke abhAva meM vastu kA hI abhAva ho jaaegaa| sarvathA anitya mAnane para jaisA ki bauddhadarzana mAnatA hai, vastu kA niranvaya vinAza ho jAne se usameM bhI artha - kriyA nahIM banegI aura artha - kriyA ke abhAva meM vastu kA bhI abhAva ho jAegA / vastu ko sarvathA eka rUpa mAnane para usameM vizeSa dharmoM kA abhAva ho jAegA aura vizeSa ke abhAva meM sAmAnya kA bhI abhAva ho jAegA; kyoMki binA vizeSa ke sAmAnya aura binA sAmAnya ke vizeSa gadhe ke sIMga kI taraha sambhava nahIM hai arthAt sAmAnya vizeSa ke binA nahIM rahatA aura vizeSa sAmAnya ke binA nahIM rahatA / ataH donoM kA abhAva ho jAegA 1259 tAtparya yaha hai ki yadi kisI puruSa kI sAmAnya kI dRSTi vizeSa kI apekSA se rahita hai to sAmAnya siddha nahIM ho pAegA / 'vastu dravya-dRSTi se nitya hai' yaha kathana tabhI sambhava ho sakatA hai jaba vastu paryAya kI dRSTi se anitya mAnI jAe tathA 'vastu paryAya kI dRSTi se anitya hai' yaha kathana bhI tabhI sambhava hai jaba vastu ko dravya- dRSTi se nitya mAnA jaae| ataH vastu kI nityatA aura anityatA paraspara kI sApekSatA para AdhArita hai| isa prakAra eka--aneka, sat-asat, bhinna- abhinna, nitya-anitya Adi aneka virodhI dharma- yugala eka hI vastu meM sApekSa dRSTi se tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 157 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #160
sannihita haiM / nirapekSa dRSTi se inakA samanvaya nahIM bana sakatA aura na hI vastusvarUpa tathA loka - vyavahAra kI siddhi ho sakatI hai / ataH vastusvarUpa tathA loka- ka- vyavahAra kI siddhi ke lie anekAntavAda kI upayogitA pUrNatayA siddha hotI hai / anekAnta kA pratipAdaka syAdvAda jainadarzana ke anusAra pratyeka vastu anekAntAtmaka yA aneka dharmAtmaka hai arthAt vastu paraspara meM viruddha pratIta hone vAle sApekSa aneka dharmoM kA samUha hai| na vaha sarvathA sat hI hai, na sarvathA asat hI, na sarvathA nitya hI hai aura na sarvathA anitya hI hai; kintu kisI apekSA se vastu sat hai to kisI apekSA se asat, kisI apekSA se nitya hai to kisI apekSA se anitya hai / isa prakAra vastu anekAntAtmaka hai| isa anekAntAtmaka vastu ke kathana karane kA nAma syAdvAda hai| 260 syAdvAda ke binA anekAntAtmaka vastu kA kathana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA arthAt zrotA ko vastu ke aneka dharmoM kA jJAna nahIM karAyA jA sakatA / AcArya samantabhadra261 ne tattvajJAna ko pramANa batalAkara use syAdvAda tathA naya (aMzAtmaka naigamAdi) se susaMskRta batalAyA hai / tattvajJAna se matalaba hai yathArtha rUpa se padArthoM ko jAnane vAlA jJAna, jo pramANa kahalAtA hai aura vaha do prakAra kA hotA hai - eka akramabhAvi aura dUsarA kramabhAvi / jo eka sAtha samasta padArthoM kA prakAzaka hai, vaha akramabhAvi hai, jise kevalajJAna kahate haiM / aura jo krama -krama se padArthoM kA prakAzana karatA hai vaha kramabhAvi hai, jo syAdvAda aura naya donoM rUpa hotA hai / syAdvAda se sampUrNa padArthoM aura una padArthoM kI bhUta, bhaviSyat, vartamAnakAlIna ananta paryAyoM kA eka sAtha jJAna hotA hai| unhoMne syAdvAda kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai - jo sarvathA ekAnta kA parityAga kara arthAt ekAnta ke abhAva meM anekAnta ko svIkAra karake sAta bhaMga aura nayoM kI apekSA se vastutattva kA pratipAdana karatA hai, 'kiM' zabda niSpanna 'cit' prakAra ke rUpa meM kiMcit, kathaMcit, kathaMcana Adi kA vAcaka hai aura heyopAdeya kA vizeSaka (bhedaka) hotA hai, arthAt jo heya aura upAdeya kI vizeSa rUpa se vyavasthA karatA hai, use syAdvAda kahate haiM 1262 isase Age unhoMne zruta ke lie syAdvAda zabda kA prayoga karate hue kahA hai ki syAdvAda (zruta) aura kevalajJAna ye donoM samasta tattvoM ke prakAzaka haiN| isa dRSTi se ina donoM meM koI antara nahIM hai; kyoMki kevalajJAna samasta tattvoM ko jAnatA hai aura syAdvAda bhI samasta tattvoM ko jAnatA hai, kintu donoM meM kevala yahI bheda 158 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #161
hai ki kevalajJAna samasta tattvoM ko sAkSAt yA pratyakSarUpa se yugapat jAnatA hai aura syAdvAda-rUpa zrutajJAna asAkSAt yA parokSarUpa se samasta tattvoM ko kramaza: jAnatA hai aura ina donoM jJAnoM kA jo aviSaya hai vaha avastu hI hai|63 syAdvAda anekAntAtmaka vastu kA prakAzaka hone ke kAraNa pUrNadarzI hai| inake uttaravartI AcArya siddhasena ne bhI syAdvAda zruta kA nirdeza karate hue usako sampUrNa artha kA nizcaya karane vAlA kahA hai| ukta sabhI mantavyoM ko hRdayaMgama karate hue AcArya akalaMka ne bhI zruta ke do upayoga batalAye haiM, eka syAdvAda aura dUsarA ny| syAdvAda sampUrNa vastu kA kathana karane vAlA hai aura naya vastu ke ekadeza yA dharma kA kathana karane vAlA hai|265 isa prakAra samantabhadra, siddhasena, akalaMka Adi AcAryoM ne syAdvAda ko sampUrNa vastu arthAt anekAntAtmaka vastu kA pratipAdaka kahA hai| vAstava meM syAdvAda kA udgamasthAna hai anekAntAtmaka vastu aura anekAnta svarUpa vastu ke yathArtha grahaNa ke lie hai anekAnta dRsstti| syAdvAda usa dRSTi ko vANI dvArA vyakta karane kI paddhati hai| vaha nimitta bheda yA apekSA bheda se nizcita virodhI dharma yugaloM kA virodha miTAne vAlA hai| jo vastu sat hai, vahI asat bhI hai, kintu jisa rUpa se sat hai usI rUpa se asat nahIM hai| svarUpa kI dRSTi se sat hai aura pararUpa kI dRSTi se ast| anekAnta-dRSTi ko jisa bhASA ke mAdhyama se abhivyakta kiyA jAtA hai vI syAdvAda hai| syAdvAda anekAnta ke pratipAdana karane kA sAdhana yA upAya hai| anekAnta aura syAdvAda meM pratipAdya-pratipAdaka, sAdhya-sAdhaka, vAcyavAcaka aura dyotya-dyotaka sambandha hai| anekAnta-dRSTi jJAna-rUpa hai aura syAdvAda vacana-rUpa hai| anekAnta dRSTi hai aura syAdvAda hai usa dRSTi kI abhivyakti kI paddhati / jainadarzana ke cintana kI zailI kA nAma anekAnta hai aura pratipAdana kI zailI kA nAma hai syaadvaad| anekAnta aura syAdvAda eka hI siddhAnta ke do pahalU haiM, jaise eka sikke ke do baajuu| anekAnta yadi vastu darzana kI vicArapaddhati hai to syAvAda usakI bhASA pddhti| anekAnta-dRSTi ko bhASA meM utAranA syAdvAda hai| saMkSepa meM syAdvAda usa anekAnta ko abhivyakta karane kA vAcika vidhAna hai| syAdvAda aneka dharmAtmaka padArthoM meM aneka dharmoM kI sApekSa dRSTikoNa se nizcita sthiti batAtA hai| isa prakAra syAdavAda eka nirNAyaka vikalpa bhI hai| syAdvAda kA vyutpattiparaka lakSaNa 'syAdvAda' zabda syAt aura vAda ina do padoM ke mela se banA hai| 'syAt' zabda tiGanta pada jaisA pratIta hotA hai, kintu yaha tiGanta pratirUpaka avyaya hai| isake tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 159 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #162
prazaMsA, astitva, vivAda, anekAnta, saMzaya, vidhi, vicAra, praznAdi aneka artha hote haiM, parantu jainadarzana meM isakA prayoga anekAnta ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai, jo 'kathaMcit', 'kisI apekSA se' yA 'kisI dRSTi se' isa artha kA dyotaka hai|266 'vAda' kA artha hai siddhAnta, mata, kathana yA prtipaadn| isa prakAra 'syAdavAda' kA artha huA kisI apekSA yA dRSTikoNa se kathana yA pratipAdana krnaa| isI vyutpatti. ke AdhAra para syAdvAda ko sApekSa siddhAnta, apekSAvAda yA kathaMcitvAda bhI kahA jAtA hai| yadyapi saMskRta vyAkaraNa267 ke anusAra vidhiliGlakAra meM adAdi gaNI 'as' bhuvi dhAtu se 'syAt' yaha kriyA rUpa pada bhI siddha hotA hai, jisakA artha hotA hai-'honA caahie|' parantu syAdvAda meM jo 'syAt' pada hai vaha kriyA rUpa nahIM hai, kintu saMskRta ke 'eva', 'ca' Adi zabdoM kI taraha nipAtarUpa avyaya hai| nipAta rUpa 'syAt' zabda ke bhI aneka artha hote haiM jaise ki Upara batAye gaye haiM, unameM se eka artha saMzaya bhI hai| jaise 'syAt asti' zAyada hai| kintu syAdvAda meM prayukta syAt zabda saMzayavAcI nahIM hai, usakA artha zAyada nahIM hai| vaha to anekAnta kA dyotaka athavA sUcaka hai / 268 vAkya ke sAtha use sambaddha kara dene se vaha prakRtta artha kA pUrI taraha se sUcana karatA hai; kyoMki prAyaH nipAtoM kA yahI svabhAva hotA hai tathA nipAta dyotaka bhI hote haiM aura vAcaka bhii| ataH 'syAt' zabda anekAnta kA dyotaka hai / 26 isa prakAra anekAnta ke dyotana ke lie sabhI vAkyoM ke sAtha 'syAt' zabda kA prayoga Avazyaka hai| usake binA anekAnta kA prakAzana sambhava nahIM hai| jaise-'syAt asti' isa vAkya meM 'asti' pada astitva dharma kA vAcaka hai aura 'syAt' zabda anekAnta kaa| AcArya samantabhadra bhI arhad-bhakti ke mAdhyama se 'syAt' zabda ke viSaya meM kahate haiM ___ 'he arhan ! Apake tathA kevaliyoM ke bhI vAkyoM meM prayukta hone vAlA 'syAt' nipAta (avyaya) zabda artha ke sAtha sambaddha hone se anekAnta kA dyotaka aura gamya yAnI bodhya kA bodhaka mAnA gayA hai| anyathA anekAnta artha kI pratipatti nahIM bntii|70 isa prakAra AcArya samantabhadra 'syAt' zabda ko anekAnta kA bodhaka nipAta rUpa zabda mAnate haiN| 'syAt' zabda ke artha ko aura adhika spaSTa karate hue AcArya amRtacandra bhI kahate haiM-'syAt' pada vidhiliG meM banA huA tiGanta pratirUpaka nipAta hai| yaha sarvathApane kA niSedhaka anekAnta kA dyotaka aura kathaMcit artha kA bodhaka hai| kucha loga272 'syAt' zabda kI niSpatti adAdigaNI 'as' dhAtu ke vidhiliG 160 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #163
ke rUpa kA tiGanta-pratirUpaka avyaya mAnakara isakA artha zAyada, sambhava, saMzaya, kadAcit, anizcaya, Adi karate haiM; kintu jainadarzana isa syAt' zabda ko anekAnta ko dyotita karane vAlA nipAta rUpa zabda mAnatA hai| usake anusAra yaha eka sunizcita dRSTikoNa kA vAcaka hai| yaha vidhiliG meM banA tiDanta pratirUpa nipAta hai| yaha 'kathaMcita' ke artha meM vizeSa rUpa se upayukta baiThatA hai| kathaMcita arthAt amuka nizcita apekSA se vastu amuka dharma vAlI hai| jisa prakAra zabdAnAmanekArthatvAt' arthAt 'zabdoM ke aneka artha hote haiM' isa vAkya ke anusAra saindhava kA namaka rUpa artha ke sAtha ghor3A bhI artha hotA hai, kintu prakaraNa ke anusAra vaktA kI dRSTi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara ucita artha kiyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra 'syAt' zabda kA jainadarzana ke prakaraNa meM anekAnta dyotaka 'kathaMcit' kisI apekSA se artha mAnanA ucita hai| ataH 'syAt' zabda kA artha zAyada, sambhava, saMzaya, kadAcit, anizcaya Adi nahIM hai, jaisA ki kucha loga mAnate haiM, kintu eka sunizcita dRSTikoNa hai| Azcarya kI bAta hai ki DA. rAdhAkRSNan jaise Alocaka vidvAn jisa prakAra syAvAda kI aneka virodhI dharmagrAhaka sthiti ko dekhate haiM, vaise usakI nizcita apekSA ko nahIM dekhate haiN| yadi donoM pahalU samadRSTi se dekhe jAte to syAdvAda ko saMzayavAda kahane kA maukA hI nahIM miltaa| vaise isameM koI sandeha nahIM 'syAt' kA artha saMzaya bhI hotA hai aura kadAcit bhI, kintu syAdvAda, jo anekAnta dRSTi kA pratinidhi hai, usameM syAt' zabda ko kathaMcit yA apekSA ke artha meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai| syAdvAda kA artha hai 'kathaMcitvAda yA apekssaavaad| AlocakoM kI dRSTi syAdvAda meM prayukta 'syAt' kA saMzaya aura kadAcit artha karane kI ora daur3atI hai to 'kathaMcit' aura apekSA kI ora kyoM nahIM daur3atI hai? yadi unakI dRSTi kathaMcit aura apekSA kI ora jAtI to ve 'syAt' kA saMzaya artha na krte| ataH sunizcita dRSTikoNa, kathaMcit yA kisI apekSA artha vAle 'syAt' zabda kA pratyeka vAkya ke sAtha prayoga karane se eka vastu meM eka sAtha astitva-nAstitva, nityatva anityatva Adi paraspara virodhI dharmoM kI sthiti meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI aura isa * prakAra ekAnta kA parihAra hokara anekAntAtmaka vastu kI nirbAdha siddhi hotI hai; kyoMki vastu sarvathA sat hai, yA sarvathA asat hai yA sarvathA nitya hai athavA sarvathA anitya hai| isa prakAra ke ekAntavAdoM kA nirAkaraNa karane vAlA anekAnta hai| yathAvastu syAt sat hai, syAt asat hai, syAt nitya hai, syAt anitya hai| ina vAkyoM meM prayukta 'syAt' zabda vastu ke sattva dharma ke sAtha asattva dharma kA aura nityatva dharma ke sAtha anityatva dharma kA bhI dyotana karatA hai| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki vastu tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 161 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #164
kevala sat yA kevala asat nahIM hai kintu kathaMcit yA kisI apekSA se sat hai aura kisI apekSA se asat hai / kathaMcit zabda syAdvAda kA paryAya hai, usakA artha hindI meM 'kisI apekSA se' hotA hai| jaise kevalajJAna samasta dravyoM ko eka sAtha grahaNa kara letA hai usa taraha koI vAkya pUrNa vastu ko eka sAtha nahIM kaha sktaa| isIlie vAkya ke sAtha usake vAcyArtha kA sUcaka 'syAt' zabda prayukta kiyA jAtA hai| usake binA anekAnta rUpa artha kA bodha nahIM ho sktaa| yadi vAkya ke sAtha 'syAt ' zabda kA prayoga na ho taba bhI jAnakAroM se vaha chipA nahIM rahatA; artha se usakI pratIti ho hI jAtI hai; kyoMki kisI pada yA vAkya kA artha sarvathA ekAnta rUpa nahIM hai / cAhe vaha pramANa rUpa vAkya ho yA naya rUpa vAkya ho / 273 pramANa aura naya kI taraha vAkya bhI pramANa rUpa aura naya rUpa hotA hai / pramANa kI taraha pramANavAkya sakalAdezI hotA hai aura naya kI taraha nayavAkya vikalAdezI hotA hai / ina donoM prakAra ke vAkyoM meM kevala dRSTibheda kA hI antara hai| naya - vAkya meM ekadharma kI mukhyatA hotI hai aura pramANa vAkya meM ekadharma mukhena sabhI dharmoM kA grahaNaM hone se sabhI kI mukhyatA rahatI hai| kahA bhI hai yaha 'syAt' zabda tIna saMjJA vAlA hai arthAt kiMcit, kathaMcit, kathaMcana / ye tIna syAdvAda ke paryAya zabda haiM, jinakA artha 'kisI apekSA se' hotA hai, ataH vaha 'syAt' zabda anekAnta kA sAdhaka hotA hai| usake binA anekAnta kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI / nipAta se isa 'syAt' zabda kI niSpatti huI hai| yaha virodha kA nAza karane vAlA hai arthAt eka hI vastu ko sarvathA nitya aura sarvathA anitya mAnane meM to virodha paidA hotA hai; kyoMki jo sarvathA nitya hai vaha anitya kisa prakAra ho sakatI hai aura jo sarvathA anitya hai vaha nitya kisa prakAra ho sakatI hai; kintu eka hI vastu ko syAt nitya, syAt anitya kahane meM koI virodha nahIM AtA / jo kisI apekSA se nitya hai vahI anya apekSA se anitya bhI ho sakatI hai / ata: syAdvAda virodha kA nAzaka hai| jaise siddha kiyA gayA eka mantra aneka abhISTa phaloM ko pradAna karatA hai vaise hI eka 'syAt' zabda ko bhI aneka artha kA arthAt aneka dharmAtmaka padArtha kA sAdhaka jAnanA caahie| 274 samanvaya kA siddhAnta saMsAra meM aneka vAda haiM, unameM syAdvAda bhI eka hai, para vaha apanI adbhuta vizeSatA liye hue hai| saMsAra ke anya vAda jaba vivAdoM ko utpanna kara saMgharSa kI vRddhi ke kAraNa bana jAte haiM taba syAdvAda jagat ke sAre vivAdoM ko samApta kara saMgharSoM ko 162 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #165
vinaSTa karane meM hI apanA gaurava prakaTa karatA hai| syAvAda ko chor3akara saMsAra ke sabhI vAdoM meM Agraha hai, isIlie unameM se vigraha phUTa par3ate haiM; kintu syAdvAda to nirAgraha vAda hai, usameM kahIM bhI Agraha kA nAma nahIM hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isameM kisI bhI prakAra ke vigraha kA avakAza nahIM hai| syAdvAda sarvAMgINa dRSTikoNa hai| usameM sabhI vAdoM kI svIkRti hai, para usa svIkRti meM Agraha nahIM hai| Agraha to vahIM hai jahA~ se ye vivAda Aye hue haiN| Tukar3oM meM vibhakta satya ko syAdvAda hI saMkalita kara sakatA hai| jo vAda bhinna rahakara pAkhaNDa banate haiM ve hI syAdvAda dvArA samanvita hokara padArtha kI sampUrNa abhivyakti karane lagate haiN| syAdvAda sahAnubhUtimaya hai, isalie usameM samanvaya kI kSamatA hai| usakI maulikatA yahI hai ki vaha par3osI vAdoM ko udAratA ke sAtha svIkAra karatA hai para vaha unako jyoM-kA-tyoM nahIM letaa| unake sAtha rahane vAle Agraha ke maila ko chor3akara hI vaha unheM apanA aMga banAtA hai| manuSya kI koI bhI svIkRti, jisameM kisI bhI taraha kA Agraha yA haTha na ho, syAdvAda ke mandira meM apanA gaurava-pUrNa sthAna pA sakatI hai| tIna sau tresaTha prakAra ke pAkhaNDa tabhI taka mithyA haiM jaba taka unameM apanA hI durAgraha hai, nahIM to ve sabhI samyagjJAna ke prameya haiN| unameM syAdvAda ke dvArA samanvaya karane para, unheM sApekSa dRSTikoNa se dekhane para ve kAryakArI ho sakate haiN| sApekSatA ke abhAva meM hI arthAta kevala apane vicAroM aura mantavyoM ko hI pUrNa satya mAnane tathA dUsare ke vicAroM aura mantavyoM kI upekSA karane para hI jagat meM aneka vivAda aura saMgharSa paidA hote haiM, cAhe ve dharma aura darzana ko lekara hoM yA laukika jIvana-vyavahAra ko lekara hoM, para ve hote aura panapate avazya haiN| syAvAda isIlie hai ki jagat ke una sAre virodhoM ko dUra kara de| yaha virodha ko bardAzta nahIM karatA, isI se hama kaha sakate haiM ki jaina dharma kI ahiMsA syAdvAda ke raga-raga meM bharI par3I hai| ahiMsA kA uccatama zikhara hI anekAntavAda yA syAdvAda hai| kevala raktapAta karanA, kisI ko mauta ke ghATa utAranA, kaTuvacana kahanA athavA dUsaroM kA aniSTa socanA hI hiMsA nahIM hai, pratyuta jaba hama yaha . Agraha kara baiThate haiM ki jo kucha hama kaha rahe haiM, 'vahI satya hai' aura dUsare jo kucha kahate haiM vaha sarvathA asatya hai taba bhI hama hiMsA hI karate haiN| isase viparIta pravRtti hI ahiMsA hai, isalie anekAntavAdiyoM ne yaha dharma nikAlA ki satya ke pahalU aneka haiN| jise jo pahalU dikhAI detA hai, vaha usI pahalU kI bAta kahatA hai aura jo pahalU dUsaroM ko dikhAI dete haiM unakI bAteM dUsare loga kahate haiN| isalie yaha kahanA hiMsA hai ki 'kevala yahI ThIka hai'| saccA ahiMsaka manuSya itanA hI tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 163 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #166
kaha sakatA hai ki 'eka dRSTi se vaha bhI ThIka hai, jo dUsarA kaha rahA hai; kyoMki satya ke sabhI pakSa sabhI manuSyoM ko eka sAtha dikhAI nahIM dete| jo vAda binA dRSTikoNa ke haiM, syAdvAda unheM dRSTi detA hai ki tuma isa dRSTikoNa ko lekara apane vAda ko surakSita rakho, para jo yaha kahane ke AdI haiM ki sabhI prakAra se kevala hamArA hI kahanA yathArtha hai, syAdvAda unake viruddha khar3A hotA hai aura unakA nirasana kiye binA use caina nahIM par3atI hai, isalie ki ve ThIka rAha para A jAe~ aura apane Agraha dvArA jagat meM vibhinna saMgharSoM ko utpanna karane ke kAraNa na bneN| isa viSaya meM eka laukika dRSTAnta upayogI samajhakara yahA~ diyA jAtA hai do buddhijIvI vyakti nagara kI pUrva aura pazcima dizA se A rahe the| saMyogavaza donoM eka kumhAra kI dukAna para ruke, eka miTTI ke ghar3e ko kharIdane ke vicAra se| unameM se eka ne sAmane rakhe hue ghar3e ko dekha kara kahA, ' kyA hI sundara gola ghar3A hai!' tabhI dUsare ne bhI kahA, 'are hA~! bar3A hI sundara ghar3A hai kintu thor3A capaTA hai| pahale ne use phaTakAra kara kahA, 'zAyada kama dikhatA hai tumheM; re mUrkha! yaha ghar3A capaTA nahIM gola hai| tabhI dUsare ne krodha ke Aveza meM A~kheM lAla karake kahA, 'are! mUrkha tU hai yA maiM? dekha, ghar3A capaTA hai, gola nhiiN|' donoM apane-apane kathana para ar3e rahe aura lage lAta-ghUsoM kA prahAra karane eka dUsare para tathA lar3ate-lar3ate ghAyala se hokara donoM jamIna para gira pdd'e| tabhI eka samajhadAra vyakti kucha ikaTThI huI bhIr3a ko dekhakara vahA~ pahu~cA aura lagA pUchane una donoM se kucha hamadardI ke sAtha, 'kyA batAe~ge ki Apa donoM lar3e kyoM?' tabhI pahale ne khaa-'dekho| yaha ghar3A gola hai aura yaha mUrkha ise capaTA batAtA hai|' dUsare ne bhI samhala kara kahA, 'jhuutth| idhara dekho, yaha ghar3A capaTA hai aura yaha jhUThA ise gola batAtA hai|' tabhI usa samajhadAra vyakti ne usa ghar3e ko pUrI taraha dekhA aura kahA'oha ! to Apa donoM isalie lar3a rahe the, kintu Apa donoM ne isa ghar3e ko kevala apanI-apanI ora se hI dekhA hai, yadi donoM ora se dekhate to zAyada itanA lar3ane aura vivAda karane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM par3atI!' donoM ne pUchA, 'Apake kahane kA tAtparya ?' 'kyoMki ghar3A eka ora se gola hai aura dUsarI ora se capaTA hai|' taba donoM nAgarikoM ne usa ghar3e ko pUrI taraha sAvadhAnI se dekhA to ve apanI haThatA aura zaThatA para pazcAtApa karane lge| jhagar3e aura vivAda kI jar3a hai kisI bhI bAta ko kevala apane dRSTikoNa 164 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #167
se socanA, kahanA tathA karanA aura dUsare ke vicAroM aura kathana kI upekSA krnaa| vAstava meM jaba-jaba vivAda, saMgharSa, kalaha aura bar3e-bar3e yuddha hue, ve saba ekAMgI dRSTikoNa yA vicAradhArAoM se hI hue| Aja vizva kI azAnti aura barbaratA kA eka mAtra kAraNa hai to yahI hai ki dUsaroM ke vicAroM ke prati asahiSNutA aura unake mantavyoM kA anAdara yA upekSA krnaa| ata: jainadarzana kA anekAnta aura syAdvAda siddhAnta yahI batalAtA hai ki kevala apane vicAroM aura siddhAntoM ko mahattva na dekara dUsaroM ke vicAroM ke prati sahiSNutA rakhanA aura dUsaroM ke siddhAntoM kA anAdara na karanA, jaba hama svIkAra kara lete haiM to sahaja hI saMgharSa, vaimanasya, kalaha aura yuddha kama ho jAte haiM yA bilkula hI samApta ho jAte haiN| sahiSNutA, udAratA, sAmAjika saMskRti, anekAntavAda, syAdvAda aura ahiMsA-ye eka hI satya ke alaga-alaga nAma haiN| asala meM yaha bhAratavarSa kI sabase bar3I vilakSaNatA kA nAma hai, jisake adhIna yaha deza eka huA hai aura jise apanAkara sArA saMsAra eka ho sakatA hai| anekAntavAda vaha hai jo durAgraha nahIM krtaa| anekAntavAda vaha hai, jo dUsaroM ke matoM ko bhI Adara se dekhanA aura samajhanA cAhatA hai| anekAntavAda vaha hai, jo samajhautoM ko apamAna kI vastu nahIM maantaa| bhArata meM ahiMsA ke sabase bar3e prayoktA jainAcArya hue haiM, jinhoMne manuSya ko kevala vANI aura kArya se hI nahIM, pratyuta vicAroM se bhI ahiMsaka banAne kA prayatna kiyaa| kisI bhI bAta para yaha mAnakara ar3a jAnA ki 'yahI satya hai tathA bAkI loga jo kucha kahate haiM, vaha sabakA saba jhUTha aura nirAdhAra hai,' vicAroM kI sabase ' bhayAnaka hiMsA hai| manuSya ko isa hiMsA ke pApa se bacAne ke lie hI jaina cintakoM ne anekAntavAda kA siddhAnta nikAlA, jisake anusAra pratyeka satya ke aneka pakSa mAne gaye haiM tathA yaha sahI bhI hai ki hama jaba jisa pakSa ko dekhate haiM taba hameM vahI eka pakSa satya jAna par3atA hai| anekAntavAdI darzana kI upAdeyatA yaha hai ki vaha manuSya ko durAgrahI hone se bacAtA hai| use yaha zikSA detA hai ki kevala tumhI ThIka ho, aisI bAta nahIM hai; kintu ve loga bhI apanI dRSTi se satya kaha rahe haiM jo tumhArA virodha karate haiN| bhASA kI dRSTi se anekAntavAdI manuSya syAdvAdI hai; kyoMki vaha yaha nahIM kahatA ki 'yahI satya hai|' sadaiva yaha kahanA cAhatA hai ki kisI apekSA se vaha bhI satya hai|' bhAratIya sAdhakoM kI ahiMsA bhAvanA syAdvAda meM apane carama utkarSa para pahu~cI; kyoMki yaha darzana manuSya ke bhItara bauddhika ahiMsA ko pratiSThita karatA hai| saMsAra meM jo aneka matavAda phaile hue haiM, unake bhItara sAmaMjasya ko janma detA hai tathA vaicArika bhUmi para jo kolAhala aura kaTutA utpanna hotI hai, usase tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 165 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #168
vicArakoM ke mastiSka ko mukta rakhatA hai| anekAntavAda se paraspara virodhI bAtoM ke bIca sAmaMjasya AtA hai tathA virodhiyoM ke prati bhI Adara kI buddhi hotI hai| yaha eka sArvajanIna siddhAnta hai| isake dvArA AdhyAtmika aura laukika vicAradhArAoM meM samanvaya sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki siddhAnta meM jahA~ vibhinna dArzanika vicAradhArAoM meM sAmaMjasya sthApita karane kI kSamatA hai, vahA~ yaha laukika yA vyAvahArika jIvana kI samasyAoM kA bhI samAdhAna prastuta karatA hai| vastu-svarUpa ko lekara jitanI dArzanika gutthiyA~ haiM ve kevala eka samanvayavAdI yA sApekSa dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para eka dama hI sulajha jAtI haiM aura vastu kA yathArtha svarUpa siddha ho jAtA hai| __ pratyeka vastu meM bahuta se ApekSika dharma rahate haiM, una ApekSika dharmoM athavA guNoM kA yathArtha jJAna syAdvAda ke sApekSa siddhAnta ko sAmane rakhe binA nahIM ho sktaa| darzanazAstra meM prayukta nitya-anitya, bhinna-abhinna, sat-asat, ekaaneka Adi sabhI ApekSika dharma haiN| lokavyavahAra meM bhI choTA-bar3A, sthUla-sUkSma, U~cA-nIcA, dUra-najadIka, mUrkha-vidvAn Adi sabhI ApekSika haiN| ina sabhI ke sAtha koI-na- koI apekSA lagI rahatI hai| eka hI samaya meM padArtha nitya aura anitya donoM haiM, kintu jisa apekSA se nitya hai usa apekSA se anitya nahIM hai aura jisa apekSA se anitya hai usa apekSA se nitya nahIM hai| koI bhI vastu apane vastutva kI apekSA se nitya aura badalatI rahane vAlI apanI avasthAoM kI apekSA anitya hai| kintu bauddha, sAMkhya Adi darzanoM kI mAnyatAe~ ekAnta ko liye hue haiM; kyoMki ve vastu ko kevala anitya athavA kevala nitya hI mAnate haiN| isI taraha sat aura asat Adi meM bhI smjhnaa| choTe-bar3e Adi meM bhI yahI bAta hai| Ama kA phala kaTahala ke phala kI apekSA choTA kintu bera kI apekSA bar3A hotA hai| isalie Ama eka sAtha eka hI samaya meM choTA aura bar3A donoM hai| isameM koI virodha nahIM hai, kintu apekSA kA bheda hai| aisI avasthA meM kevala usake choTe hone athavA bar3e hone ke vivAda meM apanI zakti kSINa karane vAlA manuSya kabhI samajhadAra nahIM khlaaegaa| yahA~ yaha bAta hamezA dhyAna rakhane kI hai, yaha apekSAvAda kevala apekSika dharmoM meM hI prayukta hogaa| jainAcAryoM ne syAdvAda ko hI apane cintana kA AdhAra banAyA hai| cintana kI yaha paddhati hameM ekAMgI vicAra aura ekAnta nizcaya se bacAkara sarvAMgINa vicAra ke lie prerita karatI hai aura isakA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki hama satya ke pratyeka pahalU se paricita ho jAte haiN| vastutaH samagra satya ko samajhane ke lie syAdvAda 166 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #169
dRSTi hI eka mAtra sAdhana hai; kyoMki 'syAt' zabda satya kA pratIka hai, isalie syAdvAda paddhati ko apanAye binA virAT satya kA sAkSAtkAra honA sambhava nhiiN| jo vicAraka vastu ke aneka dharmoM ko apanI dRSTi se ojhala karake kisI eka hI dharma ko pakar3a kara aTaka jAtA hai vaha satya ko nahIM pA sktaa| ___ anekAnta kA pratipAdaka syAdvAda siddhAnta vibhinna apekSAoM se eka hI vastu meM nityatva, anityatva Adi paraspara-virodhI pratIta hone vAle dharmoM kA avirodha pratipAdana karake unakA sundara evaM buddhi saMgata samanvaya prastuta karatA hai| yaha vicAraka ko eka aisI vicAradhArA kI ora le jAtA hai, jahA~ sabhI prakAra ke virodhoM kA parihAra ho jAtA hai| yaha samasta dArzanika evaM laukika samasyAoM, ulajhanoM aura bhrAntiyoM ke nirAkaraNa kA samAdhAna prastuta karatA hai| eka apekSA vizeSa se pitA ko putra, putra ko bhI pitA, choTe ko bhI bar3A aura bar3e ko bhI choTA yadi kahA jA sakatA hai to isakA Azraya lekara hI yugapradhAna AcArya samantabhadra, siddhasena Adi dArzanikoM ne anekAnta aura syAdvAda kA khUba vizleSaNa kiyA aura inake samarthana dvArA hI sat-asat Adi vibhinna dharmoM meM sAmaMjasya sthApita kiyaa| isI prakAra inake uttaravartI AcArya akalaMka, haribhadra, vidyAnanda Adi tArkikoM ne bhI anekAnta kI paripuSTi karate hue usake vividha prakAra se upayoga yA nirvAha ke lie syAdvAda, nayavAda yA sApekSavAda, saptabhaMgIvAda Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA aura inake dvArA vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa kA vivecana kiyaa| eka nizcita apekSA se anekAntAtmaka vastu kA kathana karanA syAdvAda hai| syAdvAda ke phalitArtha haiM nayavAda aura sptbhNgiivaad| ananta dharmAtmaka vastu ke vibhinna dharmoM kA samanvaya karane ke lie una dharmoM meM se kisI eka dharma ko mukhya kara aura zeSa dharmoM ko gauNa karake usa eka dharma kA kathana karanA nayavAda hai aura eka dharma ke viSaya meM sambandhita vividha mantavyoM ke samanvaya ke lie jo vivecana kiyA jAtA hai vaha saptabhaMgIvAda hai| isa prakAra ye sabhI siddhAnta dArzanika, saiddhAntika tathA dainika jIvana-vyavahAra meM hone vAle matavAdoM yA mata-vibhinnatAoM meM sAmaMjasya sthApita karate haiN| vaktA ke jo abhiprAya yA vacana haiM ve saba jainadarzana kI bhASA meM naya kahalAte haiN| ataH jisa samaya vaktA vastu ke jisa dharma kA kathana karanA cAhatA hai, usa samaya vaha dharma mukhya ho jAtA hai aura zeSa dharma avivakSita yA gauNa ho jAte haiN| jaise, vaktA yadi dravyArthika naya yA dravyadRSTi se vastu kA pratipAdana karatA hai to nityatva dharma vivakSita yA mukhya rahatA hai aura usI samaya anityatva dharma avivakSita yA gauNa rahatA hai tathA yadi paryAyArthika naya yA paryAyadRSTi tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 167 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #170
se pratipAdana karatA hai to vastu kA anityatva dharma vivakSita yA mukhya hotA hai aura nityatva dharma avivakSita arthAt gauNa ho jAtA hai| isa viSaya ko dadhimanthana karane vAlI gvAlina ke dRSTAnta dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| jaise, dadhimanthana karane vAlI gvAlina mathAnI kI rassI ke donoM choroM meM se jaba eka chora ko khIMcatI hai to dUsare chora ko usI samaya DhIlA kara detI hai aura jaba dUsare chora ko khIMcatI hai to usI samaya pahale chora ko DhIlA kara detI hai, kintu eka chora ke khIMcane para dUsare ko sarvathA chor3a nahIM detI hai / isa prakAra vaha rassI ke AkarSaNa aura zithilIkaraNa ke dvArA dadhimanthana kara iSTatattva (makkhana) kI prApti kara letI hai / usI prakAra syAdvAda - nIti bhI vastu ke eka vivakSita dharma kI mukhtayA aura usI samaya zeSa avivakSita dharmoM kI gauNatA ke kathana dvArA anekAntAtmaka vastutattva kI siddhi karatI hai| 275 isa prakAra syAdvAda ke isa vivakSita - avivakSita athavA mukhyatAgauNatA ke siddhAnta dvArA aneka dharmAtmaka vastu kA yathArtha kathana kiyA jAtA hai| jainadarzana kI yaha vastu - vivecaka prakriyA apane hI DhaMga kI hai| isake dvArA eka hI vastu meM paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAle dharmoM kI sthiti meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI aura vastu kA yathArtha svarUpa nirbAdharUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra syAdvAda ke sApekSatA yA samanvayavAdI siddhAnta dvArA jahA~ dArzanika kSetra kI samasyAe~ yA vivAda sulajhate haiM vahA~ laukika jIvana kSetra kI samasyAe~, pArasparika matabheda tathA bar3e-bar3e saMgharSa bhI samApta ho jAte haiM / ukta kathana kA niSkarSa yahI hai ki jainadarzana apane mUla siddhAnta anekAntavAda aura usake pratipAdaka syAdvAda, nayavAda yA sApekSavAda Adi ke dvArA samasta darzanoM aura jIvana vyavahAroM kA samanvaya karatA hai| jisa prakAra paraspara meM vivAda aura saMgharSa karane vAle loga kisI niSpakSa vyakti ke samajhAye jAne para ve apanI truTiyoM para pazcAtApa kara Apasa meM gale mila jAte haiM / athavA jisa prakAra bhinna-bhinna bikhare hue maNiyoM ko eka dhAge meM piroye jAne para eka sundara ratnoM kA hAra bana jAtA hai aura vaha gale kI zobhA bar3hAtA hai, ThIka usI prakAra parasparanirapekSa darzanoM ke sApekSa hokara jainadarzana meM samanvita ho jAne para ve kalyANakArI bana jAte haiN| anekAntavAdI jainadarzana kA mukhya dhyeya yahI hai ki vizva ke samasta darzanoM meM sAmaMjasya sthApita ho / jisa prakAra koI pitA apane putroM para samabhAva rakhatA hai| usI prakAra syAdavAdI jainadarzana bhI sabhI darzanoM para samanvaya dRSTi rakhatA hai| jainadarzana vizva ko yaha batalAtA hai ki jagat ke sabhI dharma aura darzana kisIna - kisI apekSA se satya ke aMza hai| hameM unameM satya ke darzana ho sakate haiM / ataH 168 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #171
yadi Aja samasta vizva anekAnta aura syAdvAda siddhAnta ko apanA kara cale to sarvatra sukha aura zAnti kI upalabdhi ho sakatI hai| saptabhaMgI vAda saptabhaMgI kI upayogitA aura usakA svarUpa jainadarzana meM 'saptabhaMgI vAda' yA 'saptasvarUpI vidhAna' kA siddhAnta eka apane hI DhaMga kA siddhAnta hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM isakA apanA eka viziSTa sthAna hai| yaha vizva kI dArzanika samasyAoM evaM gutthiyoM ko samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa se sulajhAtA hai, paraspara virodhI vicAradhArAoM kA sApekSatA ke Azraya se samAdhAna karatA hai| isa prakAra 'saptabhaMgI vAda' ke isa siddhAnta se vizva ke darzanoM ko bahuta bar3A yogadAna milA hai| anubhava aura viveka ke prakAza meM yathArtha vastusvarUpa kA anveSaNa kiyA jAya to mAlUma hogA ki eka hI satya evaM vAstavikatA ke aneka svarUpa va guNa hote haiM, jinakA eka sAtha sampUrNa vivecana avaktavya yA akathanIya hai| __ jainadarzana kI mAnyatA hai ki kisI bhI pUrNasatya ko kevala eka hI dRSTikoNa se dekhanA nyAya-saMgata nahIM hai| ataeva jainadarzana jahA~ eka ora advaitavAda ke sthiratA yA nityatA ke siddhAnta ko mAnatA hai vahA~ dUsarI ora bauddhamata ke asthiratA yA anityatA athavA kSaNabhaMgatA ke siddhAnta kA pakSa svIkAra karatA hai| ina donoM dRSTikoNoM meM pratyeka ekAnta hai| inameM se koI eka usa vAstavika satya ko batAne meM asamartha hai| jainadarzana isa bAta kI ora gaharAI meM jAtA hai ki vastu ko yadi hama eka dRSTikoNa se sat mAnate haiM to dUsare dRSTikoNa se vahI asat bhI mAnI jA sakatI hai| vastu-svarUpa kI yaha mAnyatA una paristhitiyoM, avasthAoM yA maryAdAoM para nirbhara karatI hai, jinakA nirdeza jainadarzana ne cAra rUpoM meM kiyA hai, ve haiM-dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhaav| isa prakAra jainadarzana vastu-satya ko jahA~ eka dRSTikoNa se astirUpa yA satrUpa yA nitya-svarUpa mAnatA hai, vahA~ usI satya ko dUsare dRSTikoNa se nAstirUpa yA asatrUpa yA anitya rUpa bhI svIkAra karatA hai athavA eka sthiti meM jahA~ vaha sAmAnya hai, dUsarI sthiti meM vahI vizeSa ho jAtA hai| jainadarzana satya ko kevala eka hI dRSTikoNa se nahIM dekhatA, kyoMki satya svayaM aneka dharmAtmaka yA aneka-svarUpa vAlA hai| vaha Adhunika yathArthavAdI ke samAna yahI mAnatA hai ki hamArA nirNaya sApekSa hai| jabaki vedAntI, sAMkhya, tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 169 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #172
naiyAyika, vaizeSika tathA bauddhoM ne sampUrNa satya kI mImAMsA kevala eka hI dRSTikoNa ko lekara kI hai aura ina saba ne yahI mAnA hai ki vastu-svarUpa aisA hI hai koI dUsarA nahIM hai; kintu vAstavikatA ina kI mAnyatAoM se bilkula bhinna hI hai| anubhava aura vicAra karane para pratyeka vastu (tattva) viparIta guNoM kA samUha mAlUma hotI hai jabaki vAstava meM ve guNa eka dUsare ke viparIta na hokara kevala vibhinna apekSAoM yA dRSTikoNoM ke paricAyaka haiM aura ye hI saba vibhinna dRSTikoNa yA apekSAe~ sammilita rUpa se usa vastu (tattva) ke sampUrNa satya ko prakaTa karatI haiM / matalaba yaha hai ki vAstavika satya yA sampUrNa satya kA parijJAna karane ke lie usake kisI eka svarUpa ko lekara usakI 'saptabhaMga nyAya' se mImAMsA karanA Avazyaka hai / vastu svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie hameM isI 'saptabhaMga vAda' ke siddhAnta ko apanAnA hogaa| jainAcAryoM ne isa 'saptabhaMgI vAda' kI sRSTi yA sahaja kalpanA hI bhinnabhinna apekSAoM, dRSTikoNoM yA manovRttiyoM se eka hI tattva ke nAnA darzana karAne ke lie kI hai| jina do darzanoM ke viSaya ThIka eka dUsare ke bilakula virodhI par3ate hoM aise darzanoM kA samanvaya batalAne kI dRSTi se unake viSayabhUta astinAstyAtmaka, bhAva-abhAvAtmaka yA sat - asadAtmaka donoM aMzoM ko lekara una para jo sambhAvita vAkya yA bhaMga banAye jAte haiM vahI 'saptabhaMgI' hai / saptabhaMgI kA AdhAra hI anekAntavAda, syAdvAda aura nayavAda hai yA yoM kahie ki 'saptabhaMgI 'vAda' ina sabhI vAdoM yA siddhAntoM kA vizleSaNAtmaka rUpAntara hI hai / isakA dhyeya to samanvaya arthAt anekAnta koTi kA vyApaka darzana karAnA hai| jaise kisI bhI pramANa se jAne gaye padArtha kA bodha dUsare ko karAne ke lie parArtha anumAna vAkya kI racanA kI jAtI hai vaise hI viruddha aMzoM kA samanvaya zrotA ko samajhAne kI dRSTi se bhaMga yA vAkya kI racanA kI jAtI hai / ina saptabhaMgoM yA vAkyaprakAroM meM se koI bhI eka bhaMga vastu (tattva) ke kevala eka svarUpa arthAt sApekSa svarUpa ko hI batalAtA hai| ataH vastu (tattva) ke sampUrNa svarUpa yA anekAntAtmaka svarUpa kA sampUrNa jJAna prApta karane ke lie 'sapta bhaMga nyAya' kA prayoga hI Avazyaka hai / kisI bhI prazna ke uttara meM yA to hama 'hA~' kahate hai yA 'nahIM', hamArA uttara yA to 'vidhi rUpa' hotA hai yA niSedha rUpa / ina 'vidhi' aura 'niSedha' rUpa dRSTiyoM ko jaina darzana meM ' asti' aura 'nAsti' nAmaka do bhinna-bhinna dharmoM dvArA batAyA gayA hai aura isa 'vidhi' aura 'niSedha' ke vikalpa se hI artha meM zabda kI pravRtti sAta prakAra se hotI hai, ise hI 'saptabhaMgI' kahate haiN| 'saptabhaMgI vAda' kI racanA 170 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #173
hI isI 'hA~' aura 'nahIM' yA 'vidhi' aura 'niSedha' ke aucitya ko lekara huI hai| 'saptabhaMgI' kA vyutpattiparaka sAmAnya artha hai-'vacana ke sAta prakAroM kA eka samudAya' 76 jaise-'tIna lokoM ke samUha ko trilokI 277 aura ATha sahasroMhajAroM ke samUha ko 'aSTasahasrI 278 kahate haiM isI prakAra sAta bhaMgoM yA vacana prakAroM ke samUha ko 'saptabhaMgI' kahate haiN| ___'bhaMga' zabda ke bhAga, lahara, prakAra, vighna Adi aneka artha hote haiM, inameM se yahA~ dArzanika viSaya hone ke kAraNa 'prakAra' vAcaka 'bhaMga' zabda liyA gayA hai| isake anusAra vacana ke sAta bhaMgoM yA prakAroM ke samUha ko 'saptabhaMgI' kahate haiN| jaina darzana meM saptabhaMgI kI paribhASA isa prakAra hai-kisI vastu kA usake eka dharma ko lekara sat yA asat, bhAva yA abhAva rUpa se jo vAstavika kathana kiyA jAtA hai use bhaMga kahate haiN| aise 'bhaMga' mUla meM do aura jyAdA huA to tIna haiM, parantu isa bhaMga rUpa vAkyoM ke eka-dUsare ke saMyoga se sAta vAkya banate haiN| yahI sAta prakAra kI vAkya racanA 'saptabhaMgI' kahalAtI hai athavA prazna ke vaza se eka vastu meM pratyakSa aura anumAna pramANa ke avirodha rUpa se vidhi-niSedha yA asti-nAsti kI kalpanA ko 'saptabhaMgI' kahate haiN|79 isI prakAra eka hI vastu meM kisI eka dharma yA guNa sambandhI prazna ke anurodha se sAta prakAra ke vacana-prayoga ko 'saptabhaMgI' kahate haiN| vaha vacana 'syAt' pada se yukta hotA hai aura usameM kahIM 'vidhi kI vivakSA hotI hai, kahIM niSedha kI aura kahIM vidhi-niSedha donoM kI 280 * jagat kI pratyeka vastu meM sat-asat, asti-nAsti Adi ananta dharma pAye jAte haiN| ina ananta dharmoM kA piNDa hI to vastu hai| ina ananta dharmoM meM se kisI eka dharma ko lekara jaba vicAra kiyA jAya ki amuka dharma sat rUpa hai yA asat rUpa? yA sat-asat ubhaya rUpa? yA anubhaya (avaktavya) rUpa? taba praznoM ke anusAra usa eka dharma ke viSaya meM sAta prakAra ke uttara ho sakate haiN| pratyeka uttara ke sAtha syAt' (kathaMcit yA kisI apekSA se) pada jur3A hogaa| koI uttara vidhirUpa-(hA~) meM hogA aura koI uttara 'niSedharUpa' (nahIM) meM hogaa| isa taraha sAta prakAra ke uttara yA vacana prayoga ko 'saptabhaMgI' kahate haiN| isa saptabhaMgI se hameM yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki padArtha yA vastu meM dharma kisa prakAra rahate haiN| isake svarUpa meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki eka hI dharma ke viSaya meM sAta prakAra ke vacana prayoga ko 'saptabhaMgI' kahate haiN| jaise-ghaTa padArtha ke eka 'astitva' dharma ko lekara sAta bhaMga isa prakAra hote haiM-(1) syAdasti ghaTaH, (2) syAnnAsti ghaTaH, (3) syAdasti-nAsti ghaTaH, (4) syAdavaktavyo ghaTaH, (5) syAdasti avaktavyo ghaTaH, tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 171 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #174
(6) syAnnAsti avaktavyo ghaTaH, (7) syAdasti-nAsti avaktavyo ghttH| ye sAta bhaMga haiN| vaktavya meM gauNa, mukhya bhAva niyata karane vAlI yaha saptabhaMga vidhi hai|287 yahA~ astitva dharma ko lekara kahIM vidhi, kahIM niSedha aura kahIM vidhiniSedha-donoM krama se aura kahIM donoM eka sAtha ghaTa meM batAye gaye haiN| yahA~ yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki 'ghaTa' yadi 'hai' to 'nahIM' kaise? ghaTa 'nahIM' hai to 'hai' kaise? isa virodha ko dUra karane ke lie hI pratyeka bhaMga ke sAtha 'syAt' (kathaMcit yA kisI apekSA se) pada jor3A gayA hai, jisakA artha hai ki samasta cetana-acetana padArtha svadravya, svakSetra, svakAla aura svabhAva kI apekSA se sat svarUpa (astirUpa) haiM aura paradravya, parakSetra, parakAla aura parabhAva kI apekSA se asatsvarUpa (nAsti rUpa) haiN| yadi aisA apekSayA svIkAra na kiyA jAya to kisI iSTa tattva kI vyavasthA hI nahIM bana sakatI hai| jaise (1) syAt asti ghaTaH-ghar3A kathaMcit hai, ghar3A svacatuSTaya kI apekSA se hai| (2) syAt nAsti ghaTa:-ghar3A paracatuSTaya kI apekSA se nahIM hai| .. (3) syAt asti-nAsti ghaTa:-ghar3A kathaMcit hai aura kathaMcit nahIM hai, ghar3e meM svacatuSTaya arthAt svadravyAdi kI apekSA se astitva aura paracatuSTaya arthAt paradravyAdi kI apekSA se nAstitva dharma hai| yahA~ krama se vidhi-niSedha kI vivakSA kI gayI hai| ___(4) syAt avaktavyo ghaTa:-ghar3A kathaMcit avaktavya hai| jaba vidhi aura niSedha donoM kI eka sAtha vivakSA hotI hai taba donoM ko eka sAtha kahane vAlA koI zabda na hone se ghar3e ko kathaMcit avaktavya kahA jAtA hai| (5) syAt asti avaktavyo ghaTa:-kevala vidhi aura eka sAtha vidhiniSedha kI vivakSA karane se 'ghar3A' hai aura avaktavya hai| (6) syAt nAsti avaktavyo ghaTa:-kevala niSedha aura eka sAtha vidhiniSedha donoM kI vivakSA hone se ghar3A nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai| (7) syAt asti-nAsti avaktavyo ghaTa:-krama se vidhi-niSedha donoM kI aura eka sAtha vidhi-niSedha donoM kI vivakSA hone se 'ghar3A hai', 'ghar3A nahIM hai' aura avaktavya hai| isa prakAra ye sAta bhaMga haiN| ina sAtoM bhaMgoM yA vacana prakAroM ke samUha ko 'saptabhaMgI kahate haiN| ina sAta vAkyoM kA mUla vidhi aura niSedha hai| isalie Adhunika vidvAn ise vidhi-pratiSedhamUlaka paddhati ke nAma se bhI pukArate haiN| yahA~ ghaTa padArtha ke eka astitva dharma ko lekara ukta sAta bhaMga banAye gaye haiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jaba hama vastu ke astitva dharma kA vicAra karate haiM to astitva 172 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #175
viSayaka 'sAta bhaMga banate haiM aura jaba vastu ke nityatva dharma kI vivakSA karate haiM to nityatva dharma ko lekara sAta bhaMga' bana jAte haiN| jaise-(1) syAt nitya eva ghttH| (2) 'syAt anitya eva ghaTa: arthAt (1) kathacit ghar3A nitya hI hai| (2) kathaMcit ghar3A anitya hI hai| dravya-dRSTi se ghar3A nitya hai aura paryAya-dRSTi se anitya hai| isI prakAra anya avaziSTa bhaMga bhI banAye jA sakate haiN| isa taraha vastu ke pratyeka dharma kI vivakSA se vastu meM sAta-sAta bhaMga sambhava haiN| vastu meM ananta dharma haiN| ata: aisI-aisI ananta saptabhaMgiyA~ usameM bana sakatI haiN| isalie vastu ko saptadharmA na kahakara ananta dharmA yA anekAntAtmaka kahA gayA hai| vastutaH zabda kI pravRtti vaktA ke bhAvoM para AdhArita hotI hai| ata: pratyeka vastu meM donoM dharmoM ke rahane para bhI vaktA apane-apane dRSTikoNa se una dharmoM kA ullekha karate haiN| mAna liijie| do vyakti haiM-eka nagara ke eka bhAga se AtA hai aura dUsarA, dUsare bhAga se| donoM kisI eka dukAna para pahu~cate haiM aura aneka vastuoM ko dekhate haiM, unameM se apanI-apanI ruci ke anusAra pahalA vyakti kisI vastu ko acchI batalAtA hai aura dUsarA usI vastu ko burI batalAtA hai| donoM meM vivAda khar3A ho jAtA hai| itane meM hI eka tIsarA vyakti AtA hai, jo donoM ko jhagar3ate hue dekhatA hai aura pUchatA hai-bhAI tuma donoM meM Apasa meM jhagar3A kyoM ho rahA hai? donoM hI apanI-apanI bAta kahate haiN| vaha samajhadAra thA, donoM kI dRSTiyoM ko samajhakara bolA-dekho bhaaii| vivAdAspada vastu acchI bhI hai aura burI bhI hai| jo vastu tumhArI dRSTi meM acchI hai, vahI inakI dRSTi meM burI ho sakatI hai aura inakI dRSTi meM jo acchI hai vahI tumhArI dRSTi meM burI ho sakatI hai| yaha to apanI-apanI dRSTi hai, apanA-apanA vicAra hai| isameM laDane-jhagar3ane jaisI to koI bAta hI nahIM hai| isa prakAra yahA~ tInoM vyakti apanI-apanI vicAradhArA ke anusAra tIna taraha kA vacana prayoga karate haiM-pahalA vidhirUpa, dUsarA niSedha rUpa aura tIsarA vidhi-nissedhruup| jaba hama kisI vastu ko acchI kahate haiM to isakA matalaba yahI huA ki vaha vastu hamArI dRSTi se sundara hai kintu vahI vastu dUsare kI dRSTi se asundara yA burI bhI ho sakatI hai| . vastu ke ukta donoM dharmoM ko yadi koI eka sAtha kahane kA prayatna kare to vaha kabhI bhI nahIM kaha sakatA; kyoMki eka zabda eka samaya meM vidhi aura niSedha ina donoM dharmoM meM se kisI eka kA hI kathana kara sakatA hai| aisI avasthA meM vastu .. avAcya (avaktavya) kahI jAtI hai arthAt use zabda ke dvArA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| ukta cAra vacana vyavahAroM (vidhi, niSedha, vidhi-niSedha aura avaktavya) ko hama dArzanika bhASA meM syAt sat, syAt asat, syAt sad-asat aura syAt tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 173 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #176
avaktavya kahate haiN| saptabhaMgI ke mUla ye hI cAra bhaMga haiN| inhIM ke saMyoga se sAta bhaMga banate haiN| arthAt caturtha bhaMga, 'syAt avaktavya' ke sAtha prathama bhaMga 'syAt . asti' milAne se pA~cavA~ bhaMga 'syAd asti avaktavya', dvitIya bhaMga 'syAt nAsti' milAne se chaThA bhaMga 'syAt nAsti avaktavya' aura tRtIya bhaMga 'syAd astinAsti' milAne se sAtavA~ bhaMga 'syAd asti-nAsti avaktavya' banatA hai| isa prakAra ukta krama se ye sAta bhaMga banate haiM kintu bhaMgoM ke krama ke viSaya meM aneka AcAryoM meM bhinnatA bhI pAI jAtI hai sarvaprathama AcArya kundakunda,282 umAsvAmI,283 samantabhadra,284 siddhasena,285 jina bhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa,286 akalaMkadeva287 ne apane Agama granthoM meM 'avaktavya bhaMga' ko tIsare aura 'asti-nAsti bhaMga' ko cauthe sthAna para rakhA hai jabaki unhIM AcAryoM kundakunda,288 samantabhadra,289 akalaMkadeva20 aura vidyAnanda, prabhAcandra, vAdirAja sUri293 vAdideva sUri,294 malliSeNa sUri295 tathA vimaladAsa Adi ne 'asti-nAsti' bhaMga ko tIsarA aura 'avaktavya' bhaMga ko cauthA sthAna diyA hai| jaisA ullekha kiyA gayA hai inameM se AcArya kundakunda, samantabhadra aura akalaMkadeva ne bhaMgoM ke donoM hI kramoM ko apanAyA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne apane pravacanasAra' : (gAthA 115) meM saptabhaMgI kA ullekha karate hue 'avaktavya' ko tRtIya aura 'asti-nAsti' ko caturtha bhaMga mAnA hai, kintu apane hI paMcAstikAya (gAthA 14) meM 'asti-nAsti' ko tIsarA aura 'avaktavya' ko cauthA bhaMga kahA hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne bhI apane 'yuktyanuzAsana' (zloka 45) meM avaktavya' ko tIsare aura 'asti nAsti' ko cauthe sthAna para rakhA hai jabaki apanI 'AptamImAMsA' (kArikA 14) meM 'asti nAsti' bhaMga ko tIsarA aura 'avaktavya' bhaMga ko cauthA sthAna diyA hai| akalaMkadeva ne apane 'rAjavArtika' meM do sthaloM para saptabhaMgI kA kathana kiyA hai| inameM se eka sthala para 'avaktavya' ko tIsarI aura 'asti-nAsti' ko cauthI saMkhyA dI hai, kintu isake 1/6 vA. 5 kI vivRti meM 'asti-nAsti' ko tIsare aura 'avaktavya' ko cauthe sthAna para rakhA hai| isI taraha inhoMne apane 'pramANa saMgraha', zloka 73, 74, pR. 122 meM to 'avaktavya' ko tIsarA aura 'astinAsti' ko cauthA bhaMga kahA hai kintu apane 'nyAya vinizcaya' zloka 66 'astinAsti' ko tIsarA aura 'avaktavya ko cauthA bhaMga nirUpita kiyA hai| isa prakAra aneka Agama-granthoM meM bhaMgoM kA yaha krama-bheda hone para bhI saptabhaMgI ke artha meM koI antara nahIM pdd'taa| sUkSmadRSTi se vicAra karane para 'syAdasti', syAt nAsti' aura 'syAd avaktavya' yaha krama hI ThIka pratIta hotA hai aura ye tIna hI mUla bhaMga pramANita 174 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #177
hote haiN| jisa prakAra svarUpacatuSTaya" (svadravya, svakSetra, svakAla aura svabhAva) kI apekSA se vastu 'astirUpa hai aura paracatuSTaya298 (para-dravya, para-kSetra, para-kAla aura para-bhAva) kI apekSA se 'nAsti rUpa' hai usI prakAra vastu uparyukta 'asti' aura 'nAsti' dharmoM kA eka sAtha kathana karane kI vANI kI asamarthatA vaza 'avaktavya' (avAcya yA anirvacanIya) rUpa bhI kahI gayI hai; kyoMki sattva aura asattva, bhAva aura abhAva, vidhi aura pratiSedha tathA eka aura aneka rUpa tattva kA eka samaya meM pratipAdana zabdoM kI zakti ke pare hone se 'kathaMcit anirvacanIya' yA 'avaktavya' dharma kA sadbhAva svIkAra karanA par3atA hai| isa prakAra mUla bhaMga tIna hI siddha hote haiN| ina tInoM bhaMgoM ke saMyoga se cAra aura bhaMgoM yA dRSTiyoM kA udaya hotA hai-(1) asti-nAsti, (2) asti avaktavya, (3) nAsti avaktavya, (4) asti-nAsti avaktavya / isa taraha kula-(1) syAdasti, (2) syAnnAsti, (3) syAd avaktavya, (4) syAdasti-nAsti, (5) syAdasti avaktavya, (6) syAnnAsti avaktavya, (7) syAdasti-nAsti avaktavya-ye sAta hI bhaMga banate haiN| ina sAta bhaMgoM ko vastu-svarUpa kA ThIka-ThIka nirNAyaka hone ke kAraNa saptabhaMgI nyAya bhI kahate haiN| ___ jisa prakAra gaNita zAstra ke saMcaya-niyama ke anusAra 1, 2, 3, yA 8, 9, 10 ina zuddha ,yA mUla tIna saMkhyAoM kI tIna dvisaMyogI 8-9, 8-10, 9-10 aura eka trisaMyogI-8-9-10 isa taraha apunarukta saMkhyAe~ sAta hI hotI haiM, adhika nhiiN| jaise (1) 8 (2) 9 (3) 10 (4) 8-9 (5) 8-10 (6) 9-10 . . . (7) 8-9-10 aura jisa prakAra 'khaTAI, mizrI, mirca, ina tIna padArthoM ke tIna zuddha yA asaMyukta svAda, tIna dvisaMyogI svAda khaTAI-mizrI, khaTAI-mirca, mizrI-mirca aura eka trisaMyogI svAda khaTAI-mizrI-mirca, isa taraha kula sAta hI svAda hote haiM, adhika nhiiN| jaise. (1) khaTAI tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 175 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #178
(2) mizrI (3) mirca (4) khaTAI-mizrI (5) khaTAI-mirca (6) mizrI-mirca .. (7) khaTAI-mizrI-mirca isI prakAra syAd asti, syAnnAsti aura syAd avaktavya ina tIna mUla bhaMgoM ke . tIna dvisaMyogI bhaMga, syAd asti-nAsti, syAda asti-avaktavya, syAnnAstiavaktavya aura eka trisaMyogI bhaMga, syAd asti-nAsti-avaktavya / isa taraha kula sAta hI bhaMga hote hai| (1) syAdastyeva (2) syAnnAstyeva (3) syAdavaktavyameva (4) syAdasti-nAstyeva (5) syAdastyavaktavyameva (6) syAnnAstyavaktavyameva (7) syAdastinAstyavaktavyameva isI prakAra vastu ke pratyeka dharma kI vivakSA ke sAta-sAta bhaMga banakara vastu ke ananta dharmoM kI ananta saptabhaMgiyA~ bana sakatI haiN| kisI bhI vastu, padArtha yA tattva ke lie apekSA ke mahattva ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue sAta prakAra se vacanoM kA prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAta prakAra se adhika aura kama vacana prayoga sambhava nahIM haiM; kyoMki AThaveM taraha kA koI-bhaMga hI nahIM bana sakatA aura sAta se kama mAnane meM koI-na-koI vacana-bhaMga chUTa jAegA jisase vastu-svarUpa kI siddhi meM bAdhA upasthita hogii| ataH ve vacana bhaMga sAta prakAra ke hI ho sakate haiN| na kama aura na adhika; kyoMki hInAdhika bhaMga kI pravRtti ke nimitta kA abhAva hai| eka dharma ke vidhi-niSedha kI vivakSA se sAta hI bhaMga hote haiN| isakA dUsarA samAdhAna yaha bhI hai ki pratipAdya prazna sAta prakAra ke hI hote haiM aura praznoM ke vaza se hI saptabhaMgI hotI hai-prazna sAta prakAra ke isalie hote haiM ki jijJAsA sAta prakAra kI hI hotI haiN| jijJAsA sAta prakAra kI isalie hotI haiM ki sandeha sAta prakAra ke hI hote haiM aura sandeha sAta prakAra ke isalie hote haiM ki sandeha kI viSayabhUta vastu ke dharma hI sAta prakAra ke hote haiN| isa taraha bhaMga sAta hI hote haiM, nyUnAdhika nahIM 9 saMgIta ke svara bhI sa, re, ga, ma, pa, dha, nI, 176 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #179
sAta hI hote haiN| saptAha ke dina ravi, soma, maMgala, Adi bhI sAta hI hote haiM. vibhaktiyA~ prathamA, dvitIyA Adi bhI sAta hI hotI haiM, jIvAdi tattva bhI sAta hI hote haiN| naigamAdi naya bhI sAta hI hote haiN| vyasana aura unake parityAga ke upAya bhI sAta hI hote haiN| ihalokabhaya, paraloka bhaya Adi bhaya bhI sAta hI hote haiN| vara-vadhU ke pANigrahaNa saMskAra ke samaya ke phere aura saptapadI vacana bhI sAta hI hote haiM, isa prakAra yaha 'sapta' saMkhyA bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai| kucha jainetara vidvAnoM, vizeSakara AcArya vAdarAyaNa aura unake brahmasUtra ke bhASyakAra AcArya zaMkara jaise udbhaTa dArzanikoM ne jainadarzana ke anekAnta, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI vAda para aneka doSAropaNa kiye haiN| ina sabhI ne 'syAt' pada ke artha ko ThIka taraha na samajhane ke kAraNa yA ThIka taraha samajhane kA prayAsa hI na karane ke kAraNa ina siddhAntoM meM aneka dUSaNa upasthita kara inheM sarvathA asaMgata batalAyA hai| AcArya zaMkara apane bhASya meM likhate haiM-'digambara AmnAya ke saptabhaMgI Adi viSayoM para hamArA kathana hai ki aisA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki eka vastu meM saptadharmoM kA sadbhAva asambhava hai| eka dharmI (vastu) meM eka sAtha sattva-asattva Adi paraspara-virodhI dharmoM kA samAveza zIta aura uSNa ke samAna sambhava nahIM hai| jo yaha sapta padArthoM kA nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai ve utane aura usa rUpa meM vaise hI haiM athavA nahIM haiM ? anyathA isa rUpa bhI hoMge, anya rUpa bhI hoNge| isa prakAra anizcita rUpa-jJAna saMzayajJAna ke samAna apramANa hogaa|02 isa taraha ve saMzaya aura anizcitatA kA dUSaNa dete haiN| isI prakAra ve saptabhaMgI nyAya ke 'syAd asti' aura 'syAnnAsti' ina prathama aura dvitIya bhaMgoM para anizcitatA kA doSAropaNa karate hue likhate haiM-'syAd asti', 'syAnnAsti' ityAdi vikalpoM kA upanipAta to anirdhAraNAtmakatA ko hI vyakta kregaa| isa prakAra nirdhAraNakartA aura nirdhAraNaphala kI syAd astitA huA karegI, syAnnAstitA huA kregii| aisA hone para pramANabhUta tIrthaMkara pramANa, prameya, pramAtA aura pramitiyoM ke svarUpa meM nizcayAtmakatA na hone se kisa prakAra upadeza deMge aura tIrthaMkara ke abhiprAya kA anusaraNa karane vAle usa upadeza meM, jisakA svarUpa hI nizcita nahIM hai, kaise pravRtti kareMge?'303 ve tRtIya bhaMga-'syAdavaktavya' para bhI Apatti karate hue likhate haiM 'ina padArthoM kI 'avaktavyatA' bhI sambhava nahIM hai arthAt ye padArtha avaktavya bhI nahIM ho skte| yadi ve avaktavya haiM to unakA kathana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kathana bhI kiyA jAya aura avaktavya bhI kahA jAya-ye donoM bAteM paraspara meM viruddha haiN| '304 isaprakAra AcArya zaMkara ne 'unmattapralApavat' jaise dUSita zabdoM kA prayoga karate hue jainadarzana ke ukta anekAnta, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI siddhAntoM para saMzaya, tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 177 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #180
anizcitatA, asaMgatatA Adi dUSaNoM kA udbhAvana kara inakI burI taraha chIchAledara kI hai| AcArya zaMkara kI dRSTi meM to ukta siddhAntoM ke vivecana meM 'padsaMkhyAto'pi bhUyasI doSANAM saMkhyA' jitane pada prayukta hue haiM unase bhI adhika doSa ina meM haiN| zAMkarabhASya meM vivecita Aheta mata ke nirAkaraNa ko par3hane se to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki AcArya zaMkara ke dRSTi meM jainAcArya mahAmUrkha the| ve darzana kI bAraha khar3I bhI nahIM jAnate the; kintu AcArya zaMkara tathA anya dArzanika vidvAnoM dvArA ukta siddhAntoM para kiye gaye doSAropaNa bilakula hI asaMgata, pakSapAta tathA durabhiniveza-pUrNa pratIta hote haiM; kyoMki ina siddhAntoM para ye doSAropaNa tabhI saMgata aura ucita ho sakate haiM jaba jainadarzanakAra vastu meM sat-asat, eka-aneka, nityaanitya Adi paraspara-virodhI dharmoM ko sarvathA yA kisI eka hI dRSTi se svIkAra krte| isI prakAra vastu ko sarvathA yA ekAntataH athavA eka hI dRSTi se avaktavya mAnate; kintu ve to apekSA bheda yA dRSTi bheda se hI eka dharmI (vastu) meM sat-asat, Asti-nAsti Adi paraspara virodhI dharmoM ko mAnate haiM aura apekSA bheda se hI vastu ko avaktavya kahate haiN| isI apekSA yA dRSTikoNa ko sUcita karane ke lie vastu ke pratyeka dharma vAcaka bhaMga (vacana) ke sAtha 'syAt' (kathaMcit kisI apekSA se) pada kA prayoga karate haiN| jisakA matalaba hotA hai ki vastu na to sarvathA sat-svarUpa hI hai aura na asat svarUpa hI aura na avaktavya rUpa hI; kintu kisI eka dRSTi yA apekSA se vastu sat svarUpa hai to kisI dUsare dRSTi yA apekSA se vahI vastu asat rUpa bhI hai| isI prakAra kisI eka dRSTi yA dRSTikoNa se vastu avaktavya bhI hai| isa prakAra eka hI vastu meM sattva-asattva, astitva-nAstitva Adi paraspara virodhI dharmoM ko bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM se mAnane meM koI virodha nahIM aataa| eka hI vyakti apane pitA kI apekSA putra hai aura bhAI Adi bhI apekSA putra nahIM hai| isaprakAra eka hI vyakti meM putrapane kA sadbhAva aura asadbhAva donoM dharma pAye jAte haiN| vastu kA svarUpa svacatuSTaya kI apekSA 'astirUpa' hI hai aura paracatuSTaya kI apekSA 'nAstirUpa' hI hai tathA vastu ke 'asti-nAsti' yA 'sat-asat' dharmoM kA eka sAtha kathana karane kI vacanoM kI asamarthatA vaza 'avaktavya' yA 'anirvacanIya' rUpa bhI kahA gayA hai| ____ jainadarzana ke anusAra vastu meM pratyeka dharma kA virodhI dharma bhI dRSTi-bheda se sambhava hai| jainadarzana ke isa tathya ko udAharaNoM dvArA spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaise-1. syAdasti ghaTaH', 'ghar3A kathaMcit hai' arthAt svacatuSTaya kI apekSA se 'ghar3A hai| 2. 'syAnnAsti ghaTa:', 'ghar3A kathaMcit nahIM hai' arthAt paracatuSTaya kI apekSA 178 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #181
se 'ghar3A nahIM hai|' jisa prakAra ghar3e meM svacatuSTaya kI apekSA 'astitva' dharma hai usI taraha ghaTa vyatirikta paTAdi padArthoM kA 'nAstitva' dharma ghar3e meM na mAnA jAya to ghaTa aura paTAdi padArtha milakara eka ho jaaeNge| ataH ghaTa 'syAdasti' aura 'syAnnAsti' rUpa hai| isI taraha vastu meM dravyadRSTi se 'nityatva' dharma aura paryAya dRSTi se 'anityatva' Adi anekoM virodhI dharma-yugala rahate haiN| 3. 'syAdavaktavyo ghaTa:', 'ghar3A kathaMcit avaktavya hai'| jaba vidhi aura niSedha donoM kI eka sAtha vivakSA hotI hai taba donoM ko eka sAtha kahane vAlA koI zabda na hone se ghar3e ko 'kathaMcit avaktavya' kahA jAtA hai| jaisA Upara kahA jA cukA hai ina tIna mUla bhaMgoM ke milAne para hI adhika-se-adhika sAta apunarukta bhaMga ho sakate haiN| jaba hama ghar3e ke astitva dharma kA vicAra karate haiM to astitvaviSayaka sAta bhaMga ho sakate haiN| inameM se pahalA astitva, dUsarA tadvirodhI nAstitva dharma aura tIsarA dharma hogA avaktavya, jo vastu ke pUrNa rUpa kI sUcanA detA hai ki vastu pUrNa rUpa se vacana ke agocara yA vacanAtIta hai| avaktavya dharma isa apekSA se hai ki donoM dharmoM ko yugapat kahane vAlA zabda saMsAra meM nahIM hai| yataH vastu yathArthataH vacanAtIta (avaktavya) hai| avaktavya ke sAtha 'syAt' pada ke lagAne kA bhI artha hai ki vastu yugapata pUrNa rUpa meM yadi avaktavya hai to kramazaH apane pUrNa rUpa meM vaktavya bhI hai| vaha asti-nAsti Adi rUpa meM vacanoM kA viSaya bhI hotI hai| ataH vastu 'syAdavaktavya' hai| ina tIna bhaMgoM se hI apunarukta bhaMga sAta banate haiM isI prakAra vastu ke ananta dharmoM kI apekSA ananta sapta bhaMgiyA~ bana sakatI haiN| unameM koI virodha nahIM AtA kyoMki virodha kA parihAraka 'syAt' pada pratyeka bhaMga ke sAtha jur3A huA hogaa| ina spaSTa udAharaNoM se anekAnta virodhiyoM ke samasta virodha nirmUla aura nirasta ho jAte haiN| yadi ye anekAnta-virodhI dArzanika jainadarzana kI tattva-samIkSA niSpakSa aura jijJAsu dRSTi se karate to sambhavataH inheM jainadarzana ke ina siddhAntoM para isa prakAra dUSita prahAroM ke karane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM pdd'tii| 'syAt pada kA sApekSa dRSTikoNa artha karane para ye siddhAnta pUrNata: samIcIna aura samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa vAle siddha hote haiN| yaha to sabhI bhAratIya tathA pAzcAtya dArzanika aura vaijJAnika svIkAra karate haiM ki jagat kA pratyeka padArtha, cAhe jar3a ho yA cetana-sajIva ho yA nirjIva, apane-apane svarUpa ko liye hue hai| jo jaisA hai, vaisA hai| koI bhI padArtha apane svarUpa ko chor3akara para rUpa nahIM hotA kintu jaba isakA kathana kisI dUsare rUpa meM karanA par3atA hai to vahA~ hameM kisI-na-kisI apekSA yA dRSTikoNa ko mAnanA tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 179 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #182
par3egA anyathA usakA vaha svarUpa-kathana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| vaidika aura bauddha darzanoM se aise aneka udAharaNa prastuta kiye jA sakate haiM jo sApekSa dRSTikoNaparaka haiN| upaniSad granthoM meM AtmA ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai.'AtmA calatI bhI hai nahIM bhI calatI hai, dUra bhI hai samIpa bhI hai, vaha sabake antargata bhI hai, bAhara bhI hai|' usako aNu se bhI aNIyAn aura mahat se bhI mahIyAn kahA gayA hai arthAt sUkSmatA kI dRSTi se vaha aNu se bhI bahuta choTA aura mahattA kI dRSTi se mahAn se bhI mahAn hai| vaha apane hRdaya meM sthita ata: choTese-bhI choTA yA sarSapa (sarasoM) Adi se bhI choTA tathA sampUrNa saMsAra kA bhI abhivyApaka ataH bar3e-se-bhI bar3A arthAt pRthvI aura AkAza se bhI mahAn hai|306 ___ eka bAra svAmI dayAnanda sarasvatI se kisI ne prazna kiyA thA ki 'Apa vidvAn haiM yA avidvAn ? to svAmI jI ne uttara diyA-dArzanika kSetra meM vidvAn hU~ aura vyApArika kSetra meM avidvaan| svAmI jI ke kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki dArzanika kI apekSA vidvAna aura vyApArI kI apekSA avidvAn haiN|' sAMkhya darzana meM eka hI prakRti ko satoguNI, rajoguNI aura tamoguNI kahA gayA hai arthAt vaha satoguNI bhI hai, rajoguNI bhI hai aura tamoguNI bhI hai| vedAnta meM svayaM AcArya zaMkara ne mAyA ko triguNAtmikA kahA hai| bhAvAtmaka bhI kahA hai aura abhAvAtmaka bhii| tamorUpA AvaraNa zakti kI apekSA abhAvAtmaka aura rajorUpA vikSepa zakti kI apekSA bhAvAtmaka kahA hai| yaha mAyA apratItirUpa bhI hai aura viparIta pratItirUpa bhI hai|08 isa prakAra ina saba kathanoM kA Azaya kyA sApekSa dRSTikoNaparaka nahIM hai? yadi hai, to jahA~ sApekSa dRSTikoNa hai vahIM sApekSavAda, syAdvAda yA saptabhaMgIvAda hai| vijJa pAThaka svayaM soca sakate haiM ki itanA spaSTa kathana hone para bhI AcArya zaMkara jaise udbhaTa dArzanika vidvAn jainadarzana ke syAdvAdarUpa aura saptabhaMgavAda ko samIcIna rUpa meM nahIM samajha sake, yaha bAta samajha meM nahIM aatii| pratyeka bhaMga (vacana-prakAra) ke sAtha 'syAt' aura 'eva' padoM kA prayoga hone para ukta saMzaya anizcitatA, aprAmANikatA Adi doSAropaNoM kA koI avasara hI nahIM A pAtA; kyoMki 'syAt pada 'kathaMcit' kisI apekSA se artha kA avabodhaka hai aura 'evakAra' avadhAraNArthaka (nizcayArthaka) hai| yadyapi 'syAt' pada ke vidhiliG meM vidhi, vicAra Adi aneka dharma hote haiM, tathApi yahA~ dArzanika kSetra meM 'syAt' pada kathaMcit, kathaMcana, nizcita apekSA se, kisI dRSTi yA sunizcita dRSTikoNa se, vivakSA yA vaktA kI icchA se tathA anekAnta artha kA bodhaka hai| isakA artha hai ki vastu kisI dRSTi se isa prakAra hI hai aura kisI dRSTi se dUsarI 180 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #183
prakAra bhI hai| pratyeka uttara yA kathana ke sAtha syAt' zabda kA prayoga karane se sarvathA ekAnta dRSTi kA parihAra ho jAtA hai|09 __vAstava meM 'syAt' ke sAtha 'eva' zabda isa bAta ko dyotita karatA hai ki usa vizeSa dRSTi se padArtha kA vahI rUpa hai aura vaha nizcita hai, usa dRSTi se vaha anyathA nahIM ho sktaa| vastu svarUpa kI apekSA astirUpa hI hai, kabhI bhI svarUpa kI apekSA vaha nAsti rUpa nahIM kahI jA sktii| jaise-'syAdastyeva jIvaH' yahA~ 'syAt' pada ke sAtha 'evakAra' kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| aise prayoga sthaloM para 'syAt' pada ke sAtha 'evakAra' ke prayoga kI sArthakatA siddha karate hue AcArya samantabhadra ne kahA hai jo pada 'evakAra (avadhAraNArthaka 'eva' nipAta) se viziSTa hotA hai, jaise-'jIva eva' vaha asvArtha (ajIvatva) se svArtha (jIvatva) ko alaga karatA hai aura jo pada evakAra' se rahita hotA hai, vaha na kahe hue ke samAna hai; kyoMki usase niyamadvaya ke iSTa hone para bhI vyAvRtti kA abhAva hotA hai arthAt nizcayapUrvaka koI eka bAta na kahe jAne se pratipakSa kI nivRtti nahIM bana sakatI aura pratipakSa kI nivRtti na ho sakane se padoM meM paraspara paryAyabhAva ThaharatA hai, paryAya bhAva ke hone para paraspara pratiyogI padoM meM se bhI cAhe jisa pada kA koI prayoga kara sakatA hai aura cAhe jisa pada kA prayoga hone para sampUrNa abhidheyabhUta vastujAta anya se cyuta (pratiyogI se rahita) ho jAtA hai aura jo pratiyogI se rahita hotA hai vaha AtmahIna hotA hai arthAt apane svarUpa kA pratiSThApaka nahIM ho sktaa| isa taraha padArtha kI hAni ThaharatI hai| jaise-'asti jIvaH' isa vAkya meM 'asti' aura 'jIva' ye donoM pada 'evakAra' se rahita haiN| 'asti' pada ke sAtha avadhAraNArthaka "eva' zabda ke na hone se nAstitva kA vyavaccheda (nirAkaraNa) nahIM banatA aura nAstitva kA vyavaccheda na bana sakane se 'asti' pada ke dvArA nAstitva kA bhI kathana hotA hai aura isalie 'asti' pada ke prayoga meM koI vizeSatA na rahane se vaha anukta . tulya ho jAtA hai| isI taraha 'jIva' pada ke sAtha 'eva' zabda kA prayoga na hone se ajIvatva' kA vyavaccheda (nirAkAraNa) nahIM banatA aura ajIvatva' kA vyavaccheda na bana sakane se 'jIva' pada ke dvArA 'ajIvatva' kA bhI pratipAdana hotA hai, isalie 'jIva' pada ke prayoga meM koI vizeSatA na rahane se vaha anuktatulya ho jAtA hai| isa taraha 'asti' pada ke dvArA 'nAstitva' kA bhI aura 'nAsti' pada ke dvArA 'astitva' kA bhI kathana hone se tathA 'jIva' pada ke dvArA 'ajIva' artha kA bhI aura 'ajIva' pada ke dvArA 'jIva' artha kA bhI kathana hone se 'asti-nAsti' padoM meM tathA 'jIva-ajIva' padoM meM 'ghaTa' aura 'kumbha' zabdoM kI taraha ekArthakatA siddha hotI hai aura ekArthaka hone se ghaTa aura kalaza zabdoM kI taraha 'asti' aura tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 181 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #184
'nAsti' meM se tathA jIva aura ajIva zabdoM meM se cAhe jisa kisI eka zabda kA prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai aura cAhe jisakA prayoga hone para sampUrNa abhidheya (vastu-jAta) apane pratiyogI se rahita ho jAtA hai arthAt 'astitva-nAstitva' se sarvathA rahita ho jAtA hai aura isase sattAdvaita kA prasaMga AtA hai tathA nAstitva kA sarvathA abhAva hone se sattAdvaita AtmahIna ho jAtA hai; kyoMki para-rUpa ke tyAga ke abhAva meM svarUpa kA grahaNa nahIM bntaa| jaise-ghaTa meM aghaTa rUpa ke tyAga binA apane svarUpa kI pratiSThA nahIM bana sktii| isI taraha abhAva bhI bhAva ke binA nahIM banatA; kyoMki vastu kA vastutva svarUpa ke grahaNa aura para-rUpa ke tyAga para hI nirbhara hai| 'vastu hI para dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA avastu ho jAtI. hai|12 samasta svarUpa se zUnya koI pRthak avastu sambhava hI nahIM hai| isa taraha AcArya samantabhadra 'evakAra' ke prayoga ko pratyeka pada yA vAkya ke sAtha Avazyaka mAnate haiN| vidyAnanda svAmI ne bhI isI bAta ko kahA hai-'aniSTa artha kI nivRtti ke lie vAkya meM avadhAraNa avazya karanA caahie| anyathA vAkya anukta ke samAna hI hogaa|313 isalie 'asti jIva' arthAt 'jIva astitvavAn hai' isa vAkya meM 'eva' avadhAraNa avazya honA cAhie arthAt-avadhAraNa yA nizcaya vAcaka 'eva' zabda kA prayoga jIva pada ke sAtha karanA caahie| isa prakAra jIva pada ke sAtha 'syAt' aura 'eva' pada kA prayoga karane se vAkya kA AkAra hogA 'syAdastyeva jIvaH' arthAt kathaMcit yA kisI apekSA se jIva astitvavAn hI hai| isakA matalaba yaha huA ki kisI apekSA se jIva astitvavAn hI hai aura kisI dUsarI apekSA se nAstitva Adi dharma saMyukta bhI hai aura aisA hone se padArtha kA svarUpa nirdoSa siddha hotA hai| yahI sApekSa kathana saptabhaMgI kA phalitArtha hai| jo vastusvarUpa kI siddhi karane meM samartha hai| saptabhaMgI ke bheda-saptabhaMgI ke do bheda haiM-(1) pramANasaptabhaMgI aura (2) nysptbhNgii| pramANa sakalavastu grAhI hotA hai aura naya ekdesh-graahii| jahA~ vaktA eka dharma ke dvArA pUrNavastu kA bodha karAnA cAhatA hai , vahA~ usakA vAkya pramANavAkya kahA jAtA hai| yadi vaha eka hI dharma kA bodha karAnA cAhatA hai aura vastu ke vartamAna zeSa dharmoM ke prati usakI dRSTi udAsIna hai, to usakA vAkya nayavAkya kahA jAtA hai| sAdhAraNata: jitanA bhI vacanavyavahAra hai vaha naya ke antargata hai| ata: nayasaptabhaMgI kI pramukhatA hai| yoM to aneka dharmAtmaka vastu kA bodha karAne ke hetu pravartamAna zabda kI pravRtti do rUpa se hotI hai-(1) kramaza: aura (2) yaugpdy| 182 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #185
tIsarA vacanamArga nahIM hai| jaba vastu meM vartamAna astitvAdi dharmoM kI kAla Adi ke dvArA bheda vivakSA hotI hai, taba eka zabda meM aneka arthoM kA jJAna karAne kI zakti kA abhAva hone se kramazaH kathana hotA hai aura jaba unhIM dharmoM meM kAla Adi ke dvArA abhedavivakSA hotI hai taba eka zabda ko eka dharma kA bodha karAne kI mukhyatA se tAdAtmyarUpa se ekatva ko prApta sabhI dharmoM kA akhaNDa rUpa se yugapat kathana ho jAtA hai| yaha yugapat kathana sakalAdeza hone se pramANa kahalAtA hai aura kramaza: kathana vikalAdeza hone se naya kahalAtA hai| sakalAdeza aura vikalAdeza donoM meM hI saptabhaMgI hotI hai| sakalAdeza meM hone vAlI saptabhaMgI pramANa saptabhaMgI hai aura vikalAdeza meM hone vAlI saptabhaMgI naya saptabhaMgI hai| ___ isa pramANa saptabhaMgI aura naya saptabhaMgI ke prayoga meM vaktA kI vivakSA ke atirikta aura koI maulika bheda nahIM hai| donoM hI saptabhaMgI meM 'syAdastyeva jIvaH' yaha udAharaNa prApta hotA hai| matAntara se 'syAt jIvaH' 'syAt jIva eva 'yaha pramANa vAkya kA aura 'syAdastyeva jIvaH' yaha nayavAkya kA udAharaNa hai| isa prakAra vastu svarUpa ke parijJAna ke lie 'saptabhaMgIvAda' kI pUrNa upayogitA siddha hotI hai| sandarbha 1. prmaannnyairdhigmH| ta. sU. 1/6 2. jJAnaM pramANamAtmAderupAyo nyAsa issyte| nayo jJAturabhiprAyo yuktito'rthaparigrahaH // laghI., zloka 52 3. NANaM hodi pamANaM Naovi NAdussa hidaya bhaavttho| Nikkho ovi upAo juttIe attha pddighnnN|-ti. pa. 1/83 4. pramANa-naya-nikSepairyo'rtho naabhismiikssyte|| yuktacAyuktavadbhAti tasyAyuktaM ca yuktavat ||-dh. TI. pu. 1, pR. 16 para uddhRt| 5. jo Na pamANa NaehiM NikkheveNa Nirikkhade atthaM / ___ tassAjuttaM juttaM jutamajuttaM va pddihaaii|| ti. pa., 1-82 6. atthaM jo na samikkhai nikkhevaNayappamANa o vihinnaa| tassAjuttaM juttaM jutamajuttaM va pddihaaii|-vi. bhA., gA. 2764 7.Nikkheva Naya pamANaM NAdaNaM bhAvayaMti je tccN| te tattha taccamagge lahaMti laggAhu tatthayaM tacca / / . guNa pajjAyA lakkhaNa sahAvaNikkhevaNayapamANaM c| jANadi jadi saviyappaM davvasahAvaM khu vujhedi||-n. ca. gA. 282-283 8. pramIyate yena ttprmaannm| nyA. maM.,-pR. 257 9. prakarSeNa saMzayAdivyavacchedena mIyate paricchidyate jJAyate vastu-tattvaM yena ttprmaannm| pra. ra., 1/1, pR. 14 tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 183 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #186
10. pramA karaNaM pramANam / - ta. bhA., pR. 13 11. yathArthAnubhavaH prmaa|-- vahI, pR. 14 12. sAdhakatamaM karaNam / - vahI, pR. 16 13. tasyAH karaNaM trividham / kadAcidindriyam, kadAcidindriyArthasannikarSaH kadAcijjJAnam / - vahI, pR. 46 14. svaparAvabhAsakaM yathA pramANaM bhuvi buddhilakSaNam / - vR. sva. sto, zloka 63 15. pramANaM svaparAvabhAsi jJAnaM bAdhavivarjitam / - nyA. kA. 1 16. pramiNoti pramIyate'nena pramiti mAtraM vA pramANam kimanena pramIyate ? jIvAdirarthaH / yadi vyavahAralopaH syAt / - sa. si., 1/10 17. vyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnAmAtmArthagrAhakaM matam / - laghI. kA. 60 18. pramANamavisaMvAdijJAnamanadhigatArthAdhigamalakSaNatvAt / - a. sa., pR. 174 19. svApUrvArtha vyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam / - pa. mu. 1/1 20. svaparavyavasAyi jJAnaM pramANam / - pra. na. ta., 1/2 21. samyagjJAnaM pramANam / - pra. pa., pR. 51 22. kiM punaH samyagjJAnam ? abhidhIyate svArthavyavasAyAtmakaM samyagjJAnaM samyagjJAnatvAt / - pra. pa, pR. 53 23. tatsvArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM mAnamitIyatA / lakSaNena gatArthatvAd vyarthamanyadvizeSaNam / / gRhItamagRhItaM vA yadi svArtha vyavasyati / tanna loke na zAstreSu vijahAti pramANatAm / / - ta. zlo. vrA., 1/10 vA. 77-78 24. pramANaM svArthanirNIti svabhAvaM jJAnam / - sa. TI., pR. 518 25. samyagarthanirNayaH pramANam / - pra. mI., 1/2 26. jJAnagrAhakAtiriktAnapekSatvaM svatastvam / ta. bhA., pR. 131 27. svataH sarva pramANAnAM praamaannymitigmytaam| nahi svato satI zaktiH kartumanyena pAryate / / - mI. zlo. vA. sU. 2, zlo. 47 28. jJAnagrAhakAtiriktApekSatvaM paratastvam / - tarka bhASA, pR. 131 29. pramANatvApramANatve svataH sAMkhyAH samAzritAH / - sa. da. saM, pR. 232 30. saugatAzcaramaM svataH / - vahI, pR. 232 31. ubhayamapi etat kiMcit svata: kiMcit parataH iti -- 32. tatprAmANyaM svataH paratazca / - pa. mu., 1/13 33. ta. bhA., pR. 114 para uddhRta darzana mImAMsA / - A. vizvezvara 34. ttprmaanne| Adye parokSam / pratyakSamanyat / - ta. sU. 1 1/10, 11, 12 35. tattvajJAnaM pramANaM te yugapat sarvabhAsanam / krama- bhAvi ca yajjJAnam syAdvAdanayasaMskRtam / -- A. mI., kA. 101 36. ta. bhA., pR. 46 37. sA. kA., 5 38. nyA. vi., pR. 11 184 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda ----ta. sa. kA. 3123 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #187
39. ta. bhA., pR. 46 para uddhRta 40. vahI, pR. 61 para uddhRta 41. vahI, pR. 51 para uddhRta 42. upayogo lakSaNam / ta. sU., 2/8 43. sa dvividho'STacaturbhedA: vahI, - 2/9 44. jaM sAmaNNaM gahaNaM bhAvANaM Neva kaTTumAyAraM / avisesadUNa aThThe daMsaNamidi bhaNNae samaye / / - go. jI., 481 45. bhAvANaM sAmaNNaM visesayANaM sarUvamettaM jaM / vaNNaNahINaggahaNaM jIveNa ya daMsaNaM hodi / / - vahI, gA. 482 46. ta. bhA., pR. 52 47. akSasya akSasya prativiSayaM vRtiH pratyakSam / - sa. si., 1/12 TippaNa 48. kiM parokSaM nAma ? paramakSNaH parokSam / vahI, 1/12 - TippaNa 49. puThThe suNedi saddaM apuTThaM ceva passade rUvaM / gaMdhaM rasaM ca phAsaM puTThamapuTThaM viyANAdi / / - vahI, 1/19, para uddhRta 50. akSamakSaM prati yad vartate tatpratyakSm / sa. si., 1/12, pR. 104 51. jaM para do viNNANaM taM tu parokkhaM ti bhaNidamaTThesu / jadi kevaleNa NAdaM havadi hi jIveNa paccakkhaM / / - pra. sAra, gA. 58 52. tatvArthasAra, adhyAya 1, zloka 1-16-17 53. akSam - AtmAnameva kevalaM pratiniyata pratyakSam / -ta. vA., 1/12 vA. 2 54. akSNoti vyApnoti jAnAtItyakSa AtmA / tameva prAptakSayopazamaM prakSINAvaraNaM vA pratiniyataM pratyakSam / / - sa. si., 1/12 55. ta. vRtti, 1/11, pR. 59 56. aparokSatayArthasya grAhakaM jJAnamIdRzam / pratyakSamitarajjJeyaM parokSaM grahaNekSayA / / - nyA. tAra, zloka 4 57. ta. bhA., pR. 46 58. pratyakSalakSaNaM prAhuH spaSTaM sAkAramaMjasA / dravyaparyAyasAmAnya vizeSArthAtmavedanam / / - nyA. vi. kA. 3 59. pratyakSaM vizadaM jJAnam / - laghIya. kA. 3 60.. anumAnAdyatirekeNa vizeSa - pratibhAsanam / tadvaizadyaM mataM buddheravaizadyamataH param / / - vahI, kA. 4 61. pratItyantarAvyavadhAnena vizeSavattayA vA pratibhAsanaM vaizadyam / - pra. ra. sU. 2/4 62. pratyakSaM vizadaM jJAnaM mukhyasaMvyavahArataH / - laghIya., kA. 3 63. laghIya., kA. 3 64. indriyAnindriyanimittaM dezataH sAMvyavahArikam / - pra. ra., sU. 2/5 65. sam samIcInaH pravRttinivRttirUpo vyavahAraH tatra bhavaM sAMvyavahArikam / - pra. ra. sU. 21 5 vRtti 66. tadindriyAnindriyanimittam / ta. sU. 1/14 tattvAdhigama For Personal & Private Use Only upAya :: 185

Page #188
67. avgrhehaavaaydhaarnnaaH|-t. sU., sU. 1/15 68. ta. rA. vA., sU. 1/15, vA. 1 69. avagraho grhnnmaalocnmvdhaarnnmitynaantrm|-s. ta. a. sU. 1 / 15 kI vRtti, pR. .. 38 70. go. jI., gA. 306 71. sa. si., sU. 1/18 kI vRtti, pR. 117 72. na ckssurnindriyaabhyaam|-t. sU., 1/19 73. puDhaM suNedi sadaM apuDheM ceva passade ruuaN| ___ gadhaM rasaM ca phAsaM puTThamapuTuM viyaannaadi||-s. si., sU. 1/19, uddhRta 74. sa. si., sU. 1/15 kI vRtti / 75. akSArthayoge sttaaloko'rthaakaarviklpdhiiH|-lghii., kA. 5 . 76. ta. vA., pR. 61 77. asti hyAlocanajJAnaM prathamaM nirvikalpakaM bAlamUkAdi vijJAna sadRzaM shuddhvstujm| mI. zlo. 111 78. sa. si., sU. 1/15 kI vRtti 79. IhA UhA tarkaH parIkSA vicAraNA jijnyaasetynrthaantrm|-s. ta. a. sU., 1/15 kI vRtti 80. vizeSa nirjnyaanaadyaathaatmyaavgmnmvaayH|-s. si., sU. 1/15 kI vRtti 81. apAyo'pagama: apanodaH apavyAdhaH apetmpgtmpviddhmpnuttmitynrthaantrm|-s.. ta. a. sUtra, 1/15 kI vRtti| 82. ta. rA. vA., sU.-1/15 kI vRtti 83. avetasya kAlAntare'vismaraNakAraNaM dhaarnnaa|-s. si., sU. 1/15 kI vRtti 84. dhAraNA pratipattisadhAraNamavasthAnAM nizcayo 'vagamaH avabodha itynrthaantrm|-s. ta. a. sU. 1/15 kI vRtti| 85. vi. bhA., gA. 194 86. ta. sU., sU., 1/16 87. arthsy| ta. sU., 1/17 88. ta. rA. vA., sU. 1/17, vA. 2 89. ta. vA., sU. 1/16 90. dha., pu. 1, pR. 152 91. vahI, pu. 6, pR. 20 92. ta. vA., sU. 1/16 93. vahI, sU. 1/16 94. go. jI., gA. 313 95. dha., pR. 9, pR. 152-53 96. vahI, pu. 6, pR. 20 97. vahI, pR. 20 , 98. dhavala pu. 1, pR. 153-54 186 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #189
99. vahI, pu. 6, pR. 20 100. ta. sU., 19 101. vahI, sU. 1/11 102. vahI, sU. 1/12 103. go. jI., gA. 314 104. ta., sU. 1/20 105. jayadhavala, pu. 1, pR. 310 106. zrutamAptavacanamAgama upadeza aitiyamAmnAyaH pravacanaM jinvcnmitynrthaantrm| sa. ta. a., sUtra 1/20 kA bhaassy| 107. zrutaM matipUrvaM dvynekdvaadshbhedm|-t. sU., 1/20 108. pAramArthikaM punrutpttaavaatmmaatraapekssm|-pr. na. ta., 2/18 109. tad vikalaM sakalaM c|-vhii, 2/19 110. avahIyaditti ohI sImANANetti vaNNiyaM smye| bhavaguNapaccayavihiyaM jamohiNANetti NaM veNti|-go. jI., gA. 370 111. bhvprtyyo'vdhidevnaarkaannaam|-t. sU., 1/21 112. go. jI., gA. 370 113. kSayopazamanimittaH SaDvikalpaH shessaannaam|-t. sU. 1/22 114. go. jI., gA. 372 115. vahI, gA. 373 116. vahI, gA 437 117. Rjuvipulamati mn:pryyH|-t. sU., 1/23 118. vizuddhyapratipAtAbhyAM tdvishessH|-t. sUtra, sU. 1/24 119. vizuddhikSetrasvAmiviSayebhyo'vadhimanaH pryyoH|-vhii, sUtra 1/25 120. go. jI., gA. 459 . 121. pra. sAra, gAthA 47-49 122. aspaSTaM prokssm|-pr. na. ta. 3/1 123. prokssmitrt|-priikssaa. 3/1 124. akSNaM param prokssm|-s. si., 1/12 TippaNa 125. smaraNapratyabhijJAnatarvAnumAnAgamabhedatastat pNcprkaarm|-pr. na. ta., 3/2 126. saMskArodvodhanibandhanA tadityAkArA smRtiH| sa devadatto ythaa| parIkSA. 3/3,4 127. pra. ka. mA. suu.|-3/4 kI vyAkhyA, pR. 336 128. darzanasmaraNakAraNakaM sNkln-prtybhijnyaanm| tadevedaM, tatsadRzaM, tadvilakSaNaM, . ttprtiyogiityaadi|-vhii, 3/5 129. pa. ra., suu.| 3/5 kI vyAkhyA, pR. 136 130. pra. ra., sU. / 3/11, 12, 13 131. vahI, sU. / 3/7, 8 kI vyAkhyA, pR. 139 tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 187 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #190
132. saadhnaatsaadhyvijnyaanmnumaanm| vahI, 3/14 133. liGgagat saadhyaavinaabhaavaabhinibodhaiklkssnnaat| linggidhiirnumaan....| laghI. 3/12 134. pa. mu. 3/15 135. nyAyAva. kA. 22 136. pa. mu., 3/16 137. vahI, 3/17 138. pUrvottaracAriNoH kAryakAraNayozca krmbhaavH|-vhii, 3/18 139. nyA. ku. ca., pR. 438 140. anyathAnupannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim? * nAnyAthAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim? nyA. ku. ca. ke prathama bhAga kI prastAvanA, . pR. 73 meM uddhRta 141. nyA. ku. ca., pR. 442 142. anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra kiM tatra paMcabhiH? nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra kiM tatra paMcabhiH?-pra. pa., pR. 72, jainadarzana, pR. 322 para uddhRta 143. pa. mu. 3/99 144. yo yatrAvisaMvAdakaH sa tatrAptaH, tataH paro naaptH| a. sa., pra. 236 145. sa ca dvedhA-laukiko lokottrshc|| ___laukiko janakAdiH, lokottarastu tiirthNkraadiH|-pr. na. ta. sU. 4/6-7 146. NayadittiNao bhaNio bahahi guNajjaehi jaM davvaM / pariNAma kheta kAlantaresu aviNaTTha svbhaav||-dh. pu. 1, pR.11 para uddhRta 147. nAnA svabhAvebhyo vyAvRtya ekasmin svabhAve vastuM nayati prApnoti iti vA nyH|-aa. pa., sU. 181 148. nIyate gamyate yena zrutArthAMzo nayo hi sH|-t. zlo. vA. 1/6 149. nIyate paricchidyate ekadezaviziSTo'rtho'neneti nyH|-syaa. maM., pR. 307 150. nIyate yena zrutAkhyapramANaviSayIkRtasyArthasyAMzastaditarAMzaudAsInyataH sa . pratipatturabhiprAyavizeSo nyH|-pr. na. ta., 7/1 151. syAdvAdapravibhaktArthavizeSavyaMjako nyH|-aa. mI., kA. 106 152. zrutavikalpo nyH|-aa. pa., sU. 181 153. pramANaprakAzitArthavizeSaprarUpako nyH| ta. rA. vaa.|-1/33, pR. 94 154. svAthaikadeza nirNItilakSaNo hi nayaH smRtH|-t. zlo. vA. 1/6, vA. 4 155. vastunyanekAntAtmanyavirodhenahetvarpaNAtsAdhya vizeSasya yAthAtmyaprApaNapravaNa prayogo nyH|-s. si. 1/33 156. vastuno'nantadharmasyapramANa vyaMjitAtmanaH / ekadezasyanetA yaH sa nayo nekadhA mataH ||-t. sA. 1/37 157. jaM NANINa viyappaM subAsayaM vatthu aNssNghnnN| taM iha NayaM pauttaM NANI puNa teNa nnaannenn||-n. ca., gA. 173 188 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #191
158. anirAkRtapratipakSo vastvaMzagrAhI jJAturabhiprAyo nyH|-pr. ka. mA., pR. 676 159. NANaM hodi pamANaM Na ovi NAdussa hidybhaavttho|-ti. pa. 1/38, pR. 10 160. pramANaparicchannasyAnantadharmAtmakasya vastuna dezagrAhiNastaditarAMzapratikSepiNo'dhyavasAya vizeSA nyaaH|-jaintrk., pR. 59 161. syAnnAzinityaM sadRzaM virUpaM vAcyaM navAcyaM sdsttdev|-a. pa. vya., kA. 25 162. sakalAdeza prmaannaadhiinH|-s. si. 1/6 163. vikalAdezo nyaadhiinH|-s. si. 1/6 164. nayo jnyaaturbhipraayH|-lghii., zlo 52 165. jJAtRNAmabhisandhayaH khalu nyaaH|-si. vi. TIkA, pR. 517 166. anekAntAtmakaM vastu gocaraH sarva sNvidaam| ekadezaviziSTo'rthI nayasya viSayo mataH ||-nyaayaa., kA. 29 167. tadvikalpAH nayAH / sa. si.|-1/6 kI vRtti 168. jIvati iti jIvaH / ta. rA. vaa.|-1/4 169. ta. rA. vA., 4/42, vaa.|-12, 13 170. niraMzasyApi guNabhedAdaMzakalpanA viklaadesh|-t. rA. vA., 4/42, vA. 16 171. kaH sakalAdeza? syAdasti.... saptApi sklaadeshH|-j. dha., pR. 185 172. ko vikalAdeza:? astyeva nAstayeva....iti viklaadeshH.....prtipaadnaat|-j. dha., pR. 186 173. ta. rA. vA. 4/42 174. pra. ke. maa.|-pR. 682 175. ta. zlo. vaa.|-pR. 451 176. pra. na. s.|-4/44, 45 177. ta. rA. vaa.|-4/42 178. jaina trk|-pR. 56 179. sAmAnyavizeSAtmA tadartho vissyH|-p. mu. 4/1 180. vahI, .sUtra 4/1 kI vyAkhyA 181. eke tIrthaMkarAH sAmAnyarUpameva vaacytyaabhyupgcchnti|....kecicc vizeSarUpameva .. vaacynirvcnti|.....aprec paraspara nirpeksspdaarth.....nishcinvte|-syaa. ma., pR. 165 182. svArthanizcAyakatvena pramANaM naya ityasat / - svAthaikadezanirNItilakSaNo hi nayaH smRtH|-t. zlo. vA., 1/6 kA. 4 183. nAyaM vastu na cAvastu vastvaMzaH kathyate yataH / nAsamudraH samudro vA samudrAMzo ythocyte|| tanmAtrasya samudratve shessaaNshsyaasmudrtaa| samudrabahutA vA syAttatve kvA'stu smudrvit||-t. zlo. vA., 1/6, kA. 5-6 184. yathAziMnipravRttasya jnyaansyessttaaprmaanntaa| ... tathAMzeSvapi kinnasyAditi mAnAtmako nyH|-t. zlo. vA. 1/6, kA. 7 tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 189 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #192
185. tannAMzinyapiniHzeSadharmANAM guNatAgatau / dravyAdhikanayasyaiva vyApArAnmukhyarUpataH dharmadharmisamUhasya prAdhAnyArpaNayA vidaH / pramANatvena nirNIteH pramANAdaparo nayaH / - ta. zlo. vA. 1/6, kA. 8-9 186. nApramANaM pramANaM vA nayo jJAnAtmako mataH / syAtpramANaikadezastu sarvathApyavirodhitaH |t. zlo. vA. 1/6, kA. 10 187. pramANameva nayaH iti kecidAcakSate, tanna ghaTate, nayAnAmabhAvaprasaMgAt / ... kiM ca na pramANaM naya.....avastuni vastvarpaNAbhAvAt / - dha. pu. 9, pR. 163 188. pramANaparigRhItArthaikadezevastvadhyavasAyo na jJAnam / kiMca. na nayaH pramANam; pramANavyapakSiyasya...... prati bhinnakAryadRSTervA na nayaH pramANam / - ja. dha., pu. 1, pR: 184 189. kiMc, na nayaH pramANam, ekAntarUpatvAt pramANaM cAnekAnta rUpasandarzanAt / -ja. dha. pu. 1, pR. 207 190. anekAnto'pyanekAntaH pramANanayasAdhanaH / anekAntaH pramANAtte tadekAnto'rpitAnnayAt / / - vR. sva. sto., zloka 103 191. jJAna vizeSo naya iti, jJAna vizeSa: pramANamiti niyamAt ubhayorantarbhedo viSayavizeSAnna vastuto bhedaH / / sayathA viSaya vizeSo dravyaikAMzo nayasya yo'nyatamaH / so'pyaparastadapara iha nikhilaM viSayaM pramANajAtasya / - paMcA., zlo. 679-80 192. vivakSito mukhya itISyate'nyoguNo'vivakSo na nirAtmakaste ! tathArimitrAnubhayAdizakti dvayAvadheH kAryakaraM hi vastu / / - vR. sva. sto., zlo. 53 193. '....na viSayI kRta..... na ca nayo'nekAntaH / ' - ja. dha., pu. 1, pR. 190 194. vidhirviSaktapratiSedharUpaH pramANamatrAnyataratpradhAnam / mukhya niyAmakaheturnayaH sa dRSTAntasamarthanaste / / - vR. sva. stotra, zlo, 52 / 195. upayogo lakSaNam / - ta. sU., 2/8 196. arthasyAnekarUpasya dhIH pramANaM tadaMzadhIH / nayo dharmAntarApekSI durnayastannirAkRtiH / / - a. za., pR. 2901 197. dharmAntarAdAnopekSAhAnilakSaNatvAt pramANanayadurnayAnAM prakArAntarAsambhavAcca, pramANAt tadatatsvabhAvapratipatteH tatpratipatteH tadanya nirAkRtezca / - a. sa., pR. 290 198. nirapekSA nayA mithyA sApekSA vastu te'rthakRta / / - A. mI., kA 108 199. tamhA savvevi gayA micchAdiTThI sapakkhapaDibaddhA / aNNoNaNissiyA uNa havaMti sammattasavbhAvA / / - sa. pra. 1/21 200. vahI, gA. / 1/22-25 201. je vayaNijjaviyappA saMjajjantesu honti eesu / sA sasamayapaNNavaNA titthayarA''sAyaNA aNNA / / - vahI, gA. 1/53 202. doNha vi NayANabhaNiyaM jANai NavaraM tu samayapaDibaddho / Na du NayapakkhaM giNhadi kiMci vi NayapakkhaparihINo / / - sa. sA., gA. 143 203. sadeva sat syAt saditi tridhArtho mIyeta durnIti nayapramANaiH / / - anya. vya. kA. 28 190 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #193
204. pra. na ta / - pR. 134 205. jaM vatthu aNeyantaM eyaMtaM taMpi hodi savipekkhaM / suyaNANeNa Naehi yaNikkhaM dIsade Neva / / - kA. a., gA. 261 206. nAnA svabhAvasaMyuktaM dravyaM jJAtvA pramANataH / tacca sApekSasiddhyarthaM syAnnayamizritaM kurU / - A. pa., pR. 168 para uddhRta 207. vistareNalakSaNato vidhAnatazcAdhigamArtha nyAso nikSepaH / - sa ta. a., 208. NicchaeNiNNae khivaditti Nikkhevo / - dha. pu. 1, pR. 10 209. nikkhippai teNa tahiM ova nikkhevaNaM va Nikkhevo / niyao va nicchao va khevo nAsotti jaM bhaNiyaM / / - vi. bhA. gA. 912 210. prakaraNAdivazenApratipatyAdivyacchedakayathAsthAnaviniyogAya zabdaracanA vizeSA nikSepA: / jainatarka, pR.68 211. jJAnaM pramANamAtmAderupAyo nyAsa iSyate / - laghI. kA. 52 212. nayAnugatanikSepe rUpAyai bhedavedane / viracayyArtha vAk pratyayAtmabhedAn zrutArpitAn / / - vahI, kA. 741 213. aprastutArthA'pAkaraNAt prastutArthavyAkaraNAcca nikSepaH phalavAn / - laghI. vi., pR. 26 214. si. vi., zlo. 1, pR. 738 215. pramANanayayornikSepaNam AropaNaM nikSepaH / - A. pa. sU. 183., pR. 28 216. juttIsu juttamagge jaM caubheeNa hoi khalu tthvnnN| kajje sadi NAmAdisu taMNikkhevaM have samaye / / -na. ca., gA. 270 217. sa kimarthaH ? aprakRtanirAkaraNAya prakRtanirUpaNAya ca nikSepa vidhinA zabdArthaH prastIryate / * sa. si. 1/5, vRtti 221. NAmaNiTThAvaNA davvacakhettaNi kAlabhAvAya / 218. atha syAt kimita nikSepaH kriyata iti ? ..... kuryAditi vA / - dha. TI. pu. 1, pR. 30-31 219. so vi chabbiho NAma-TThavaNA- davvaM-khetta-kAla-bhAva- maMgalamidi / - vahI, pR. 10 220. jattha bahuM jANijjA avarimidaM tattha Nikkhive NiyamA / jattha bahuM va Na jANadi cauTThayaM Nikkhive tattha / - vahI, pR. 30 iya chavbheyaM bhaNiyaM maMgalamANaMda saMjaNaNaM / / -ti. pa., gA. 1/18 1/5 kA bhA. 222. si. vi., zlo / -- 12/1-2, pR. 738-39 -- 223. nAmasthApanAdravya bhAvatastannyAsaH / - ta. sU. 1/5 224. atadguNevastuni saMvyavahArArthaM puruSakArAnniyujyamAnaM saMjJAkarma nAma / - sa. si. 1/5 kI vRtti 225. sAkAre vA nirAkAre kASThAdau yannivezanam / so'yamityavadhAnena sthApanA sA nigadyate / / - sa ta. sU., 1/5 kA TippaNa pR 24 226. ta. sU. / - 115 kI TIkA, pR. 4 227. sa.ta. a. sU. / - 115 kA TippaNa, pR. 24 36 228. jaina si. da. / - pR. 229. jaina si. da. / - pR. 37 For Personal & Private Use Only tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 191

Page #194
230. jaina si. d.|-pR. 38 231. vartamAnatatparyAyopalakSitaM dravyaM bhaavH|-t. rA. vA., 1/5 vA. 8 232. jaina si. da. pa. 38 233. vhii,|-pR. 38 234. NAmaM ThavaNA davie tti esa davvaTThiyasya nnikkhevo| bhAvo u pajjavaTThi assaparUvaNA esa prmttttho|-snmti. 1/6 235. nAmoktaM sthApanA dravyaM dravyArthika nyaarpnnaat| ___ paryAyArthArpaNAd bhAvatastaiAsaH samyagIritaH ||-t. zlo. vA. 115/69 236. paryAyArthikanayena bhaavtttvmdhigntvym| itareSAM trayANAM nAmasthApanAdravyANAM - dravyArthikanayena, saamaanyaatmktvaat|-s. si. 1/6 237. bhAvaH paryAyArthikasya zeSA drvyaarthikaastryH| prastutavyAkriyArthaH kriyante tttvdrshibhiH||-si. vi. 12/3 238. nAmAitiyaM davvaTThiyasya bhAvo ya pjjvnyss| vi. bhAH, gA. 75 239. sa. pr.|-gaa. 1/4 240. saMgaha vavahArA paDhama gassa sesA u iyrss| vi. bhA., gA. 75 241. sa. si. 1/33 kI vRtti 242. bhAvaM ciya saddaNayA sesA icchanti savva nnikkheve|-vi. bhA., gA. 2847 243. vahI, gaa|-2847-53 244. aneke antAH dharmAH sAmAnya vizeSa paryAyaguNAH yasyeti siddho'nekaantH| nyA. dI. 3 pra., pR. 117 245. sa. sA., a. ca. ttii.|-pR. 564 246. sdsnnityaanityaadisrvthaikaantprtiksseplkssnno'nekaantH|-a. sa., pR. 286 247. (a) jAvadiyA vayaNavahA tAvaiyA ceva hoMti nnyvaayaa| sanmati pra. 3/47 (ba) jAvadiyA vayaNavahA tAvadiyA ceva hoMti nnyvaadaa|-go. ka., go. 894 248. anekAnto'pyanekAntaH pramANanayasAdhanaH / anekAntaH pramANAtte tdekaanto'rpitaannyaat||-vR. sva. sto., zlo, 103 ta. rA. vaa.|-1/6/7 250. jeNa viNA logassa vavahAro savvathA Na nnivvie| tassa bhuvaNaikaguruNo nnmo'nnegNtvaaysy||-s. pra., 3/68 251. paramAgamasya bIjaM nissiddhjaatyndhsindhurvidhaanm| sakalanayavilasitAnAM virodhamathanaM namAmyanekAntam ||-pu. si., zlo. 2 252. ina dravyAdi kA svarUpa dekhie isI-prabandha ke naya prakaraNa meN|-pR. 126 253. vahI, pR. 126 254. A. mI., kA. 15 255. dekhie isI prabandha kA naya prakaraNa, pR. 126 256. isI prabandha kA naya prakaraNa, pR. 126 257. svaparAtmopAdAnApohanavyavasthApAdyaM hi vstunovstutvm|-t. rA. vA. pR. 1/6 vA 5 192 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #195
258. pra. mI., pR. 29 259. nirvizeSa hi sAmAnyaM bhavet khrvissaannvt| sAmAnyarahitatvAcca vizeSastadvadeva hi||-aa. pa., pR. 160 260. anekAntAtmakArthakathanaM syaadvaadH|-lghii. vi., nyA. ku. ca., pR. 686 261. tattvajJAnaM pramANaM te yugptsrvbhaasnm| kramabhAvi ca yajjJAnaM syaadvaadnysNskRtm||-aa. mI., kA. 101 262. syAdvAdaH sarvathaikAntatyAgAt kiMvRta cidvidhiH / saptabhaGganayApekSo heyAdeya vishesskH||-aa. mI., kA, 104 263. vahI, kA. 105 264. sampUrNArtha-vinizcAyi syaadvaadshrutmucyte|-nyaa., kA. 30 265. laghI., kA. 62 266. syAditi zabdo anekAntadyotI pratipattavyo na punarvidhivicArapraznAdidyotI tathA vivkssaapaayaat|-a. sa., pR. 296 267. si. ko., pR. 396, ghAtu saM. 1065 268. sa ca tiGantapratirUpako nipaatH| tasyAnekAntavidhivicArAdiSu bahuSvartheSu saMbhAvatsu iha vivakSAvazAt anekAntArtho gRhyte|-t. rA. vA. 4/42, vA. 15 269. a. sa., pR. 286 270. vAkyesvanekAntadyotI gamyaM prati vishessnnm| syaannipaato'rthyogitvaattvkevlinaampi||-aa. mI., kA. 103 271. sarvathAtvaniSedhako'nekAntadyotakaH kathaMcidarthe syAcchabdo nipaatH|-pNcaasti. gA. 14 kI TIkA 272. bhAratIya darzana, bhAga 1-DA. raadhaakRssnnn|-pR. 277 tathA ___ bhAratIya darzana, DaoN. baldeva upaadhyaay|-pR. 103 273. so'prayukto'pi sarvatra syAtkAro'rthAt prtiiyte|-lghii., kA. 63 274. trisaMjJiko'yaM syAcchabdo yukto'nekAntasAdhakaH / nipAtanAtsamudbhUto virodhadhvaMsako mataH / / 1 / / siddhamantro yathA loke eko'nekArthadAyakaH / syAcchabdo'pi tathA jJeya eko'nekArthasAdhakaH ||2||-n. ca., pR. 127-128 para uddhRta 275. ekenAkarSantI zlathayantI vstutttvmitrenn| * * antena jayati jainInItirmanthAnanetramiva gopii||-pu. si., zloka 225 276. saptAnAM bhaMgAnAM vAkyAnAM samAhAra: samUhaH sptbhNgii|-s. bha. ta., pR. 2 277. trayANAM lokAnAM samAhAraH samUhaH trilokii| vahI, pR. 2 / 278. aSTAnAM sahasrANAM samAhAraH samUha: assttshsrii|-vhii, pR. 2 279. praznavazAdekatra vastunyavirodhena vidhipratiSedhakalpanA sptbhNgii|-t. rA. vA, 1/6, vA.5 tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 193 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #196
280. ekatra vastunyekaikadharmaparyanuyogavazAdavirodhena vyastayoH samastayozca vidhiniSedhayoH kalpanayA syAtkArAGkitaH saptadhA vAkprayogaH sptbhNgii|-pr. na. ta., 4/14 281. zrI. pA. sto.|-shlo. 10 282. pra. saar|-gaa. 115 283. sa. ta. a. sU. 5-31, pR. 282, 286 284. yu. a.|-shlo. 46 285. sanmati pra. gaa.|-1/36-40 286. vi. bhA., gaa.|-2232 287. pra. s.|-pR. 122 288. pNcaasti.|-gaa, 14 289. A. mI. kaa.|-14 290. ta. rA. vA., 1/6, vArtika 5 291. ta. zlo. vA., vA. 50, 51, pR. 403 292. pra. ka. maa.|-pR. 682 293. nyA. vi. vivrnn|-pR. 350 294. pra. na. t.|-4/17, 18 295. syA. mN.|-kaa. 23, pR. 278 296. sa. trN|-pR. 2 299. draSTavya, isI prabandha kA naya prakaraNa-pR. 126 298. vahI, pR. 126 299. vidhiniSedho'nabhilApyatA ca, trirekazastrirdiza eka ev|| trayovikalpAstava saptadhA'mI, syAcchavdaneyAH skle'rthbhede||-yu. a., zlo, 45 300. pra. ka. mA., pR. 682 301. naiksminnsmbhvaat| brahmasUtra 2/2/33/|-pR. 511 302. ......atrAcakSmahe-nAyamabhyupagamo yuktH| kutaH? ekasminnasambhavAt nokasmin dhrminni....syaat| bra. sU. zAM. bhA., 2/2/33 / / -pR. 511 303. 'syAdasti syAnnAsti ityAdi vikalpopanipAtAdanirdhAraNAtmakataiva syAt / evaM nirdhArayitu nirdhAraNa phalasya ca syAtpakSe'stitA syAcca pksse| 'naastiteti| evaM sati kathaM pramANabhUtaH saMstIrthaMkaraH pramANaprameyapramAtRpramitiSvanirdhAritAsUpadeSTuM zaknuyAt? kathaM vA tadabhiprAyAnusAriNastadupadiSTe'rthe'nirdhAritarUpe pravarteran?' bra. sU., zAM. bhaa|-pR. 512 304. 'na caiSAM padArthAnAmavaktavyatvaM smbhvti| avktvyaashcennocyern| ucyantecAvaktavyAzceti viprtissiddhm| vahI, pR. 512 194 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #197
305. aNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAn AtmAsya jantornihito guhaayaam|-ve. sA. bhU., pR. 22 para uddhRta 306. chAndogyopaniSad, a|-3/14/3 307. sAM. kaa.|-kaa. 11 308. ve. sA. bhuu.|-pR. 11-12 309. syAdvAdaH sarvathaikAntatyAgAt kiNvRttcidvidhiH|-aa. mI., kA. 104 310. yu. a., zlo. 41-421 311. svaparAtmopAdAnApohanavyavasthApAdyaMhivastuno vstutvm|-t. rA., 1/6 vA. 5 312. vastvevA'vastutAM yAti prakriyAyA vipryyaat|-aa. mI., kA. 48 313. vAkye'vadhAraNaM taavdnissttaarthnivRttye| kartavyamanyathAnukta samattvAtasya kutrcit|-t. zlo. vA. 1/6, kA. 53, pR. 436 tattvAdhigama ke upAya :: 195 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #198
3 . nayoM kA samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa jainadarzana ke anusAra jagat kI pratyeka vastu aneka dharmAtmaka hai| vastu ke aneka dharmoM meM aise dharma haiM, jo paraspara virodhI pratIta hote haiN| jaise-sattva-asattva, ekatvaanekatva, nityatva-anityatva aadi| ina paraspara-virodhI pratIta hone vAle dharmoM ko lekara hI nAnA dArzanika paMtha khar3e hue haiN| koI vastu ko sat svarUpa hI mAnatA hai to koI asatsvarUpa hI, koI nitya hI mAnatA hai to koI anitya hI, koI eka rUpa hI mAnatA hai to koI aneka rUpa hii| isaprakAra kevala eka-eka dharma ko mAnane vAle ekAntavAdiyoM kA samanvaya karane ke lie naya-mImAMsA kA upakrama bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kiyA thaa| unhoMne pratyeka ekAnta ko naya kA viSaya batalA kara aura nayoM kI sApekSatA svIkAra karake anekAntavAda kI pratiSThA kI thii| jaisA Upara kahA jA cukA hai-ekAntoM ke samUha kA nAma hI anekAnta hai| yadi ekAnta na hoM to unakA samUha rUpa anekAnta bhI nahIM bana sktaa| ataH ekAntoM kI nirapekSatA visaMvAda kI jar3a hai aura ekAntoM kI sApekSatA saMvAda yA samanvaya kI jar3a hai| ataH paryAyArthika naya kI apekSA padArtha niyama se utpanna hote aura nAza ko prApta hote haiM; kintu dravyadRSTi se na to kabhI padArthoM kA nAza hotA hai aura na utpAda hI hotA hai, ve dhruva (nitya) haiN| ye utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya-tInoM milakara hI dravya kA lakSaNa hai| kevala dravyArthika yA kevala paryAyArthika naya kA jo viSaya hai vaha dravya kA lakSaNa nahIM hai| kyoMki vastu na kevala utpAda, vyaya (anitya) rUpa hI hai, jaisA bauddha loga mAnate haiM aura na kevala dhrauvya (nitya) rUpa hI hai, jaisA sAMkhya mAnate haiN| ata: alaga-alaga donoM naya mithyA haiN| isa taraha vastu ke eka-eka aMza ko hI pUrNa satya mAnane vAle ekAntavAdI darzanoM kA samanvaya karane ke lie jainadarzana meM naya kI mImAMsA kI gayI hai| sabhI darzana apanI-apanI mAnyatAoM kA pratipAdana apane-apane abhiprAyoM ke anusAra karate haiN| ataH jitane abhiprAya haiM utane hI nayavAda haiN| AcArya siddhasena ne kahA hai-'jitane vacana mArga haiM arthAt abhiprAya 196 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #199
haiM, utane hI nayavAda haiM aura jitane nayavAda hai, utane hI parasamaya (mata) haiN|' ina sabhI matoM kA samanvaya sApekSa naya yojanA se hI sambhava hai / yadi pratyeka abhiprAya ko dUsare abhiprAyoM se sApekSa rUpa se jor3a diyA jAya to visaMvAda samApta ho jAtA hai| jhagar3A 'hI' kA hai| nirapekSa 'aisA hI hai' yaha kahanA mithyA hai apekSA sahita 'aisA bhI hai' yaha kahanA samyak hai / isaprakAra jainadarzana meM pratipAdita vastu svarUpa ko ThIka-ThIka samajhane ke lie, isakA sApekSa nirUpaNa karane ke lie nayoM kA samyak parijJAna Avazyaka hai / vastu na sarvathA sat hI hai aura na sarvathA asat hI, na sarvathA nitya hI hai aura na sarvathA anitya hI; kintu kisI apekSA se vastu sat hai to kisI apekSA se asat, kisI apekSA se nitya hai to kisI apekSA se anity| isa prakAra vastu anekAntAtmaka hai aura anekAntAtmaka vastu ke kathana karane kA nAma syAdvAda hai tathA usa anekAntAtmaka vastuM ke vivakSita kisI eka dharma ke sApekSa kathana kA nAma naya hai| syAdvAda aura naya ina donoM kA kathana jainetara darzanoM meM nahIM hai, ataH syAdvAda aura nayavAda bhAratIya darzanoM ke kSetra meM jainadarzana kI eka maulika dena hai| kisI bhI viSayaM para vicAra karane ke aneka prakAra yA dRSTikoNa hote haiN| yadi unakA ThIka prakAra se samanvaya kiyA jAya, unako sApekSatA kA rUpa diyA jAya to hama usa viSaya meM kisI eka sahI nirNaya para pahu~ca sakate haiM / jaise- kisI udyAna meM jAne ke aneka mArga hote haiM, koI mArga pUrva se jAtA hai to koI uttara se, koI pazcima se jAtA hai to koI dakSiNa se, kintu andara jAkara ve saba mArga paraspara mila jAte haiN| isI prakAra eka hI vastu ke sambandha meM vibhinna dRSTikoNa ho sakate haiM; kintu unakA samanvaya honA bhI jarUrI hai| isa samanvaya ke siddhAnta ko hI syAdvAda, kathaMcitvAda, sApekSavAda yA nayavAda kahA jAtA hai| isI ko naya mArga bhI kaha sakate haiN| isa naya mArga se hI vibhinna matoM tathA vibhinna vicAroM kA samanvaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| jo naya eka dUsare ke pUraka haiM, sahayogI haiM ve hI sunaya kahe jAte haiM aura ve hI kAryakArI hote haiM aura jo paraspara eka dUsare kA virodha karate haiM, nirAkaraNa yA niSedha karate haiM ve pratidvandI hone se durnaya haiM ataeva hAnikAraka haiN| jo sunaya haiM unakA samanvaya vAdI dRSTikoNa rahatA hai aura jo durnaya haiM unase samanvaya nahIM ho sakatA aura samanvaya na hone se vastu svarUpa kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai| isa viSaya meM AcArya samantabhadra ne, 'jo ye nitya- anitya, sat-asat Adi ekAnta rUpa naya haiM, ve paraspara meM eka dUsare kI apekSA na rakhane ke kAraNa apane va dUsare kA vinAza arthAt ahita karane vAle haiN| ve na to kahane vAle kA bhalA karate nayoM kA samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa :: 197 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #200
haiM aura na hI samajhane vAle kA bhalA karate haiM, kintu ve hI naya paraspara eka dUsare kI apekSA rakhane ke kAraNa apanA va dUsaroM kA upakAra karate haiN| ve ThIka prakAra se .. vastu svarUpa kA pratipAdana karate haiM aura usa yathArtha vastu svarUpa ko sunane vAle bhI AtmakalyANa ke mArga para laga jAte haiM isIlie ve tattva svarUpa athavA sunaya kahe jAte haiN| isI kA vizleSaNa karate hue unhoMne punaH kahA hai-'vastu kA svarUpa yadi sarvathA ekAnta rUpa se sat yA asat, eka rUpa yA aneka rUpa, nitya yA anitya, vaktavya yA avaktavya mAnA jAya to vastu ke svarUpa kI siddhi hI nahIM ho sakatI hai aura yadi vahI vastu kA svarUpa kisI apekSA se sat to dUsarI apekSA se asat, kisI apekSA se eka rUpa to dUsarI apekSA se aneka rUpa, kisI apekSA se nitya to dUsarI apekSA se anitya, kisI apekSA se vaktavya to dUsarI apekSA se avaktavya mAnA jAya to saba kathana bAdhA rahita siddha ho jaaegaa|" tAtparya yaha hai ki vastu kA svarUpa yadi syAt (kathaMcit yA kisI apekSA se) sat, syAt asat, syAd eka, syAd aneka, syAt nitya, syAt anitya, syAd vaktavya, syAd avaktavya, isa taraha syAdvAda siddhAnta ke dvArA kahA jAve to saba naya satya haiM aura sarvathA ekAnta rUpa se kevala sat yA asat Adi rUpa se kahA jAya to ve hI naya mithyA ho jAte haiN| isI ko unhoMne aura spaSTa kiyA hai-'pratyeka vastu apane dravyAdi catuSTaya arthAt dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI apekSA se sat (bhAva rUpa) hai aura para dravyAdi catuSTaya kI apekSA se asat (abhAva rUpa) hai| vaha vastu 'akhaNDa guNa samudAya rUpa hai' isa dRSTi se eka hai aura vahI 'aneka guNoM ko rakhane vAlI hai' isa dRSTi se aneka hai| vaha apane svarUpa se kabhI bhI naSTa nahIM hotI hai' isa dRSTi se nitya hai aura vahI 'paryAyoM yA avasthAoM ke parivartita hote rahane ke kAraNa nAzavAn hai; isa dRSTi se anitya hai| 'vastu dharmoM ko krama se kahe jA sakane kI apekSA se' vaha vaktavya hai aura 'unhIM aneka dharmoM ko eka hI samaya meM eka hI sAtha vacanoM dvArA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai' isa dRSTi se avaktavya hai| yaha saba kathana nayoM ke yoga se siddha hotA hai aura yadi vahI vastu svarUpa sarvathA sat (bhAva rUpa) yA sarvathA asat (abhAva rUpa) Adi mAnA jAve to yaha saba mAnyatA mithyA hai aura ise hI durnaya kahA jAtA hai| ukta kathana para vicAra kara phalitArtha yaha nikalatA hai ki naya-dRSTi ko chor3akara sarvathA ekAnta rUpa meM vastu-vyavasthA nahIM bana sktii| vastu ke svarUpa ko jAnane va dekhane ke vibhinna vyaktiyoM ke vibhinna dRSTikoNa hote haiN| ve apane 198 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #201
sImita jJAna aura buddhi ke anusAra vastu ke vibhinna guNoM kA kathana karate haiN| jitane guNoM kA ve kathana karate haiM ve saba guNa vastu meM vidyamAna rahate haiN| una guNoM ko vyakti apanI icchA se vastu para Aropita nahIM krtaa| vastu ke aneka dharmAtmaka yA guNAtmaka hone se usameM kisI prakAra kA virodha nahIM hai| eka hI vastu satasat, nitya-anitya, eka-aneka, sAmAnya-vizeSa Adi virodhI guNoM se yukta hotI hai| ye paraspara virodhI guNa vastu ke sampUrNa svarUpa ko samajhAne meM saphala hote haiN| inameM se kisI bhI guNa kA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jo darzana vastu ke kisI eka guNa kA hI vidhAna karate haiM aura usI samaya vastu ke dusare guNa kA niSedha yA nirAkaraNa karate haiM, ve ekAntavAdI darzana haiN| ye ekAntavAdI darzana eka hI naya ko apane vicAra kA AdhAra banAte haiN| unakA dRSTikoNa ekAMgI hotA hai| ve bhUla jAte haiM ki dUsare dRSTikoNa se virodhI pratIta hone vAlA vicAra bhI saMgata ho sakatA hai| isI kAraNa ve ekAMgI dRSTikoNa ko prastuta karate haiM aura vastu ke samagra svarUpa ko sparza nahIM kara paate| ve sampUrNa satya ke jJAna se vaMcita raha jAte haiN| ataH nayavAda aneka dRSTikoNoM se samanvaya karatA huA vastu-parIkSaNa kI kalA sikhalAtA hai| bauddha darzana ke anusAra jagat kI pratyeka vastu kSaNabhaMgura, asthAyI aura anitya hai| yaha apane dRSTikoNa ko pUrNa rUpeNa satya mAnatA hai, yaha vastu ke anityatva dharma ko svIkAra karake dravya kI apekSA pAye jAne vAle nityatva dharma kA niSedha karatA hai| dUsarI aura vedAnta, sAMkhya, naiyAyika Adi darzanoM kI mAnyatA hai ki pratyeka vastu sthira, sthAyI aura nitya hai| ye bhI apane dRSTikoNa ko pUrNataH satya mAnate haiM aura bauddha darzana kI vicAradhArA kA khaNDana karate haiN| vastu ke nityatva dharma ko aMgIkAra karake paryAya kI dRSTi se usameM vidyamAna anityatva dharma kA apalApa karate haiN| isa prakAra vizva ke ye sabhI ekAntavAdI darzana apane-apane ekAnta pakSa ke prati AgrahazIla ho kara eka dUsare ko mithyA kahate haiN| ve nahIM jAnate haiM ki dUsare ko mithyAvAdI kahane ke kAraNa ve svayaM hI mithyAvAdI bana jAte haiN| agara unhoMne dUsare ko bhI saccA mAnA hotA to ve svayaM sacce ho jAte; kintu ekAntavAditA kA durAgraha unheM aisA hone se rokatA hai| aba prazna uThatA hai ki kyA ukta sabhI darzana yA vicAradhArAe~ pUrNa satya haiM ? yadi pUrNa satya haiM to phira unameM virodha kyoM? ata: ye vicAradhArAe~ na to pUrNa rUpeNa satya ho sakatI haiM aura na pUrNa rUpeNa mithyaa| taba phira vastu kA vAstavika svarUpa kyA mAnA jAe? jainadarzana aise sabhI praznoM kA samAdhAna anekAnta dRSTi aura usake nayoM kA samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa :: 199 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #202
phalitavAda syAdvAda tathA nayavAda se karatA hai| nayavAda sApekSa yA samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa ko upasthita karake samasta ekAntavAdoM ke ekAMgI dRSTikoNoM ko samApta . kara detA hai| vaha paraspara viruddha pratibhAsita hone vAle sabhI vAdoM kA nirdoSa samanvaya karatA hai| kyoMki vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se vicAra karane para hI vastu kA vAstavika svarUpa jAnA jA sakatA hai| bauddhAdi anityatva vAdI darzana yadi anityatva dharma ko sarvathA ekAnta dRSTi se svIkAra na karake use sApekSa dRSTi se arthAt paryAya dRSTi se svIkAra kareM aura sAMkhyAdi nityatva-vAdI darzana nityatva dharma ko sarvathA svIkAra na karake use dravyadRSTi se svIkAra kareM to koI vivAda hI upasthita na hogA aura isa prakAra donoM hI dRSTikoNa sApekSa rUpa se satya siddha hoNge| naya-vAda eka dRSTikoNa ko mAna kara dUsare dRSTikoNa kA nirAkaraNa nahIM karatA, balki sabhI dRSTikoNoM kA samanvaya karake satya ko grahaNa karatA hai| jainadarzana meM vastu ke paraspara-virodhI aneka dharmoM kA kathana karane ke lie 'syAt' zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| 'syAt' zabda kA artha 'zAyada' nahIM hai, jaisA ki sAdhAraNa bolacAla kI bhASA meM isakA artha liyA jAtA hai| isakA gUr3ha. artha hai 'kathaMcit' yA apekSA' yA 'dRSTikoNa' / isa 'syAt' zabda kA prayoga nayoM ke sAtha karane para ve naya abhISTa artha ke sAdhaka hote haiN| ve durAgraha ko dUra karake dRSTi ko vizAla aura hRdaya ko udAra banAte haiN| ve vastu ke vividha rUpoM kA vizleSaNa hamAre samakSa prastuta karate haiN| kyoMki 'syAt' pada se lAMchita nayoM ke dvArA apekSA pUrvaka vastu ke kisI eka dharma kA kathana karane para usake dUsare dharmoM kA lopa nahIM hotaa| ___ AcArya samantabhadra ne bhagavAna vimalanAtha kI stuti ke pariprekSa meM kahA haihe bhgvn| jisa prakAra siddha arthAt susaMskRta pArada Adi rasoM ke saMyoga se lauha Adi dhAtue~ svarNa banakara abhISTa phala pradAna karane vAlI bana jAtI haiM, usI prakAra Apake dvArA upadiSTa dravyArthika Adi naya syAt' pada se cihnita hokara manovAMchita phala dene vAle haiM, vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ke sApekSa nirUpaNa dvArA mumukSujanoM ko mithyA athavA ekAntamArga se haTAkara samyagjJAna kI prApti karAte haiN| isIlie Atmahita cAhane vAle gaNadharAdi deva Apako namaskAra karate haiN| isa prakAra 'syAt' pada aMkita ina sApekSa nayoM se vibhinna dRSTiyoM kA samanvaya hotA hai| ekAnta kA nirasana hokara anekAnta kA samarthana hotA hai| ekAnta dRSTi kahatI hai ki tattva 'aisA hI hai' aura anekAntadRSTi kahatI hai ki 'tattva aisA bhI hai|' isaprakAra ke samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa se tattva kI siddhi hotI hai| yaha 200 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #203
dRSTikoNa bhI' aura 'hI' ke samucita prayoga kA nirdeza karatA hai, jisase vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa kA parijJAna hotA hai| vastu kA svarUpa anekAntAtmaka yA aneka-dharmAtmaka hai| usako dyotita karane vAlA yaha 'syAt' pada hai| nayoM ke sAtha isakA prayoga kiye binA vastu eka dharma rUpa hI siddha hotI hai, jo vastu kA svarUpa nahIM hai| jaise-vastu 'syAt nityam', 'syAt anityam' ina do naya rUpa vAkyoM ne yaha siddha kara diyA ki vastu dravyArthika naya se nitya hai aura vahI vastu paryAyArthika naya se anitya hai yA sAmAnya kI apekSA se nitya hai to vizeSa kI apekSA se anitya hai| yahI vastu kA svarUpa hai| yadi 'syAt' pada kA prayoga na kiyA jAya to vastu sarvathA nitya hI yA sarvathA anitya hI siddha hogI, jo sarvathA ekAnta rUpa hI hai, ataH vaha vastu kA svarUpa nahIM hai| vastu sadA apane svarUpa (dhrauvyatva) se rahakara bhI pariNamana kiyA karatI hai| isalie vaha kathaMcit nitya aura kathaMcit anitya, ubhaya svarUpa hai| yahI usakA nirbAdha lakSaNa hai, jo nayoM ke samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa se siddha hotA hai| jaisA ki vivecana kiyA gayA hai, sat yA vastu-svarUpa ke viSaya meM prAyaH sabhI jainetara darzanoM meM bar3A bhArI matabheda hai| jainadarzana ne ina sabhI matoM kI samIkSA karate hue unameM nayoM ke samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa se samanvaya sthApita kiyA hai| . vedAnta (aupaniSad zAGkara mata) darzana sampUrNa sat padArtha (brahma) ko kevala nitya (dhruva) hI mAnatA hai to bauddhadarzana 'sarva kSaNikaM satvAt' kahakara sat ko niranvaya kSaNika arthAt mAtra utpAda-vinAzazIla mAnatA hai| ___ sAMkhyadarzana cetana tattva rUpa sat ko to kevala dhruva arthAt kUTastha nitya aura - prakRti tattva rUpa sat ko pariNAmi nitya mAnatA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana aneka sat padArthoM meM se paramANu, kAla, AkAza, AtmA Adi kucha sat tattvoM ko kUTastha nitya aura ghaTa-paTa, dIpaka Adi kucha sat padArthoM ko mAtra utpAda, vyayazIla arthAt anitya mAnatA hai, parantu jainadarzana kA sat (vastu) ke svarUpa se sambandha rakhane vAlA mantavya ukta sabhI matoM se bhinna hai| vaha sat yA padArtha ke sambandha meM pracalita ukta mAnyatAoM yA dhAraNAoM kI samIkSA karate hue padArtha yA sat ko na to sarvathA nitya hI kahatA hai aura na sarvathA anitya hii| kAraNa dravya ko sarvathA nitya mAnane se artha kriyAkAritva kA virodha AegA aura vastu niSkriya siddha ho jaaegii| kArya dravya kI apekSA sarvathA anitya mAnane se bhI vastu-uccheda kA prasaMga aaegaa| apanI jAti kA tyAga kiye binA navIna paryAya kI prApti utpAda hai, pUrva paryAya kA tyAga vyaya hai aura anAdi pAriNAmika svabhAva rUpa se anvaya banA rahanA dhrauvya hai| ye utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya sat yA dravya ke nija nayoM kA samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa :: 201 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #204
rUpa haiN| pratyeka vastu parivartanazIla hai aura usameM vaha parivartana prati samaya hotA rahatA. hai| udAharaNArtha - eka nanhe zizu ko liyA jA sakatA hai| isa zizu meM prati kSaNa parivartana ho rahA hai, ataH kucha samaya bAda vaha yuvA hotA hai aura tadanantara vRddha / zaizava se yuvakatva aura yuvakatva se vRddhatva kI prApti tatkSaNa hI nahIM ho jAtI hai| ye donoM avasthAe~ pratikSaNa hone vAle sUkSma parivartana kA hI pariNAma haiN| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki pratikSaNa hone vAlA yaha parivartana itanA sUkSma hotA hai ki hama use dekhane meM asamartha haiM, para isa parivartana ke hone para bhI usa zizu meM ekarUpatA banI rahatI hai, jisake phalasvarUpa vaha apanI yuvA aura vRddha avasthA meM bhI pahacAnA jAtA hai| yadi dravya ko trilakSaNAtmaka na mAnakara kevala nitya mAneM to usameM kUTastha nityatA A jAegI aura kisI bhI prakAra kA pariNamana nahIM ho sakegA tathA yadi anitya mAna liyA jAya to AtmA ke sarvathA kSaNika hone se pUrva meM jJAta kiye gaye padArthoM kA smaraNa Adi vyApAra bhI nahIM bana sakegA / isa prakAra jainadarzana ke anusAra sat (vastu) pUrNa rUpa se kevala kUTastha nitya yA kevala niranvaya vinAzI yA usakA amuka bhAga kUTastha nitya aura amuka bhAga pariNAmi nitya athavA usakA koI bhAga to mAtra nitya aura koI bhAga mAtra anitya nahIM ho sktaa| isake anusAra cAhe cetana ho yA jar3a, mUrta ho yA amUrta, sUkSma ho yA sthUla, sabhI sat kahalAne vAlI vastue~ utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpa se trirUpa haiM, nityAnitya svabhAva vAlI haiN| jainadarzana meM vastu ke ekAntarUpa nityatva aura anityatva kI samIkSA kI gayI hai| vizva meM na koI vastu sarvathA nitya hai aura na koI sarvathA anitya, donoM sama svabhAva haiN| pudgala se lekara AkAza paryanta sabhI vastuoM kA svarUpa ekasA hai| arthAt ve nityAnitya svabhAva vAlI haiN| aisA nahIM hai ki AkAza aura AtmA Adi padArtha sarvathA nitya hoM aura pudgala Adi padArtha sarvathA anitya / jaisA ki nyAyavaizeSika Adi mAnate haiM / dravyadRSTi se pratyeka vastu nitya hai aura paryAyadRSTi se anitya / jisa prakAra AkAza dravyarUpa se nitya hai usI prakAra pudgala bhI nitya hai| aura jisa prakAra pudgala paryAya rUpa se anitya hai usI prakAra AkAza bhI anitya hai| cU~ki pratyeka sat utpAda - vyaya - dhrauvyAtmaka hai, ataeva pudgala, AkAza aura AtmA Adi padArtha bhI utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpa haiM, unameM bhI pratikSaNa utpAda, vyaya kI dhArA cala rahI hai / para isa dhArA ke calane para bhI unakA svabhAva kabhI naSTa nahIM hotA / jisa samaya dIpaka ke teja paramANu tama rUpa paryAya meM parivartita hote haiM, usa samaya teja paramANuoM kA vyaya hotA hai aura tama-rUpa paryAya 202 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #205
kA utpAda hotA hai tathA donoM avasthAoM meM dravya rUpa dIpaka vidyamAna rahatA haiN| isalie dravya yA svasvarUpa kI apekSA dIpaka nitya hai aura paryAya yA parivartita avasthAoM kI apekSA anitya hai / isI prakAra AkAza bhI nityAnitya svarUpa hai; kyoMki jisa samaya AkAza meM rahane vAle jIva- pudgala AkAza ke eka pradeza ko chor3akara dUsare pradeza ke sAtha saMyukta hote haiM usa samaya AkAza meM pUrva pradezoM se jIva- pudgaloM ke vibhAga yA alaga hone kI apekSA se AkAza meM vyaya aura uttara pradezoM ke sAtha saMyoga hone se utpAda tathA pUrvottara donoM paryAyoM meM AkAza dravya ke vidyamAna rahane se dhrauvya avasthA pAI jAtI hai| isalie dravya yA sva svarUpa kI apekSA se AkAza nitya hai aura paryAya yA parivartita avasthAoM kI apekSA se anitya hai| isI prakAra AtmA bhI nityAnityAtmaka hai / yadi AtmA ko sarvathA nitya mAnA jAya, vaha sadA ekarasa rahe, usameM kisI bhI prakAra kA parivartana na mAnA jAya to puNya-pApa bandha-mokSa, zubhAzubha karmoM kI phala prApti Adi saba nirarthaka ho jaaeNge| ye zikSAlaya, ye devAlaya Adi AtmA para koI bhI zikSA yA pavitratA kA saMskAra nahIM DAla skeNge| eka AdamI kI gAlI se dUsare kA mu~ha lAla ho jAtA hai, use krodha A jAtA hai, sAdhu kI saMgati se zAnti - lAbha hotA hai ityAdi sabhI parivartana asambhava ho jaaeNge| nara se nArAyaNa banane kI bAta kalpanA mAtra hI raha jAegI aura yadi AtmA ko sarvathA anitya yA parivartanazIla hI mAnA jAya arthAt jo prathama kSaNa meM hai vaha dvitIyAdi kSaNoM meM nahIM rahatA, sarvathA kSaNika hai, isa prakAra AtmA kA svarUpa mAnA jAya to jagat kA lena-dena, guru-ziSya, pitA-putra Adi kA prasiddha vyavahAra hI nahIM bana skegaa| saba yahI kaheMge, kisako diyA ? kisane diyA ? jisako diyA vaha to gayA, jisane diyA vaha bhI nahIM hai, kahane vAlA bhI nayA hI hogA; kyoMki AtmA ko sarvathA kSaNika aura sadA parivartanazIla jo mAnA gayA hai| ataH tarka aura anubhava hameM yahI batAtA hai ki avasthAoM meM parivartana hone para bhI una sabhI avasthAoM kA sUtradhAra eka dravya sthira avazya hai, jisameM ye sabhI raMga-biraMge parivartana hote rahate haiN| 'maiM vahI hU~', 'maiM bacapana meM skUla meM par3hatA thA' Adi jJAna isa bAta ke sAkSI haiM ki aneka avasthAoM meM 'maiM' kA vAcya eka dhArA pravAhI dravya avazya hai aura vaha hai 'AtmA' / isI prakAra acetana jagat meM parivartana hokara bhI parirvatana kA AdhAra paramANu sthira banA rahatA hai| vastutaH paramANu hI eka dravya hai| paramANuoM ke samudAya se bane hue skandha kitane hI parivartita ho jAe~ para ve paramANutva ko naSTa nahIM kara skte| eka kapar3A hai, usameM Aga lagA dIjie, rAkha ho jaaegaa| rAkha ko pAnI meM DAla dIjie, ghulakara pAnI bana jAegI, pAnI sUkhakara bhApa bana jAegA, phira kheta meM pahu~cakara gehU~ bana jAegA, para usakA eka nayoM kA samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa :: 203 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #206
bhI aNu jagata se naSTa nahIM ho sakatA, bhale hI vaha eka skandha ke haTakara dUsare meM jA mile| isa prakAra yaha utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyavAda yA pariNAmavAda jagat ke kaNa- . kaNa meM vyApta hai| pratikSaNa isa pariNAma yA pariNamana yA parivartana ke hote hue bhI vastu meM ekarUpatA pravAhita rahatI hai| koI bhI vastu isa trilakSaNa svabhAva kA atikramaNa nahIM karatI; kyoMki saba para syAdvAda, anekAntavAda yA nayavAda kI chApa lagI huI hai| koI bhI vastu syAvAda kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana nahIM karatI, kintu jainadarzana kI isa mAnyatA ko svIkAra na karane vAle nyAyavaizeSika AkAza Adi padArthoM ko kevala nitya aura dIpaka Adi ko kevala anitya hI svIkAra karate jainadarzana ke anasuAra pratyeka vastu kA svabhAva dravya-paryAyarUpa hai| usameM pratikSaNa utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya yaha trirUpa pAyA jAtA hai| jo utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya isa trirUpa se yukta yA tadAtmaka hai, vaha sat hai aura jo sat hai vahI dravya yA vastu kA lakSaNa hai| pratyeka vastu meM do aMza haiM, eka aMza aisA hai jo tInoM kAloM meM zAzvata hai aura dUsarA aMza sadA azAzvata hai| zAzvata aMza ke kAraNa hara eka vastu dhrauvyAtmaka (nitya) hai aura azAzvata aMza ke kAraNa utpAda-vyayAtmaka (anitya) hai| ina donoM meM se kisI eka kI ora hI dRSTi jAne se aura dUsare kI ora na jAne se vastu kevala nitya yA kevala anitya hI mAlUma hotI hai; kintu donoM aMzoM kI ora dRSTi dene se vastu kA pUrNarUpa yA yathArtha svarUpa mAlUma kiyA jA sakatA hai| utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka honA hI vastu mAtra kA svarUpa hai, yahI svarUpa sat kahalAtA hai| sat svarUpa nitya hai arthAt vaha tInoM kAloM meM eka sA avasthita rahatA hai| aisA nahIM hai ki kisI vastu mAtra meM utpAda, vyaya tathA dhrauvya kabhI hoM aura kabhI na hoN| pratyeka samaya meM utpAdAdi tInoM aMza avazya hote haiN| yahI sat kA nityatva hai| jaisA Upara bhI kahA gayA hai, sat kA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotA aura asat kI kabhI utpatti nahIM hotii| yaha jainadarzana kI dravya yA tattva-vyavasthA kA mUla siddhAnta hai| AcArya kundakunda ne spaSTa kahA hai-kisI bhAva (sat) kA vinAza nahIM hotA aura abhAva (asat) kA utpAda nahIM hotaa| sabhI bhAva (sat) apane guNa aura paryAyoM meM upajate aura vinazate rahate haiN|' gItA meM bhI yahI bhAva abhivyakta haiasat kA kabhI bhAva (utpAda yA utpatti) nahIM hotA hai aura sat kA kabhI 204 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #207
abhAva (vyaya yA vinAza) nahIM hotA hai / 10 loka meM jitane sat haiM, ve maulika sat haiM unakI saMkhyA meM kabhI bhI heraphera nahIM hotA, na koI nayA sat kabhI utpanna huA thA, na hotA hai aura na hogaa| isI taraha kisI vidyamAna sat kA na kabhI nAza huA thA, na hotA hai aura na hogA / samasta sat gine hue haiN| pratyeka sat apane paripUrNa, svatantra aura maulika hai / pratyeka sat pratikSaNa apanI vartamAna paryAya ko chor3akara navIna paryAya ko dhAraNa karatA huA vartamAna ko bhUta tathA bhaviSyat ko vartamAna banAtA huA Age calA jA rahA hai| cetana ho yA acetana, pratyeka sat isa pariNAma - cakra para car3hA huA hai| yaha usakA nija svabhAva hai ki vaha prati samaya pUrva ko chor3akara apUrva ko grahaNa kre| yaha paryAya paramparA anAdi kAla se cala rahI hai| kabhI bhI yaha na rukI thI aura na rukegii| jisa prakAra Adhunika bhautikavAdiyoM ne padArtha ko satata gatizIla mAnA hai aura usameM do virodhI dharmoM kA samAgama mAnakara use avirAma gatimaya kahA hai, ThIka yahI bAta jainadarzana ke utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya se dhvanita hotI hai / padArtha meM utpAda aura vyaya ina do virodhI zaktiyoM kA samAgama hai jisake kAraNa padArtha nirantara utpAda aura vyaya ke cakra para ghUma rahA hai| utpAda zakti jaise hI navIna paryAya ko utpanna karatI hai to vyaya-zakti usI samaya pUrva kA nAza kara detI hai| isa anivArya parivartana ke hote hue bhI kabhI dravya kA atyanta vinAza nahIM hotaa| vaha dhrauvyatvena vidyamAna rahatA hai| cetana yA acetana dravya meM apanI jAti ko na chor3ate hue jo paryAyAntara yA kisI navIna paryAya kI utpatti hotI hai, vaha utpAda hai / jaise- miTTI ke piNDa kA ghaTa paryAya rUpa se utpanna honA utpAda hai| pUrva piNDa rUpa paryAya kA nAza honA vyaya hai| arthAt ghaTa kI utpatti hone para piNDa rUpa AkRti kA nAza honA vyaya hai| anAdi kAla se cale A rahe apane pAriNAmika svabhAva rUpa se na vyaya hotA hai aura na utpAda hotA hai; kintu vaha sthira rahatA hai, isI kA nAma dhruva hai| jaise--piNDa aura ghaTa donoM avasthAoM meM miTTIpanA dhruva hai / piNDa aura ghaTAdi avasthAoM meM miTTI kA anvaya banA rahatA hai| isalie eka miTTI utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya svabhAva hai| ina utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta 'sat' hai aura sat hI dravya kA.lakSaNa hai| utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ko spaSTa karane ke lie eka aura udAharaNa diyA jA sakatA hai| jaise--koyalA jalakara rAkha ho jAtA hai| isameM koyalA - rUpa paryAya kA vyaya hotA hai aura kSAra rUpa paryAya kA utpAda hotA hai; kintu donoM avasthAoM meM pudgala dravya kA astitva acala rahatA hai| usake pudgala tattva kA kabhI bhI vinAza nahIM hotA, yahI usakI dhrauvyatA hai / isI prakAra sone ke kar3e ko tor3akara jaMjIra banAI gayI to isameM kar3e rUpa paryAya kA vinAza aura usI kSaNa nayoM kA samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa :: 205 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #208
jaMjIra rUpa paryAya kA utpAda huA; kintu svarNa dravya kar3e aura jaMjIra-donoM avasthAoM meM banA rahA, vaha kahIM bhI nahIM calA gayA, usakI sattA donoM avasthAoM meM hai yahI dhrauvyatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki pratyeka padArtha parivartanazIla hai aura usameM yaha parivartana prati samaya hotA rahatA hai| vizeSatA yaha hai ki dravya meM isa prakAra kA parivartana hone para bhI vaha sadA apane svarUpa kI apekSA se barAbara vidyamAna rahatA hai| jaise-dUdha kucha samaya bAda dahI rUpa meM pariNama jAtA hai aura phira dahI kA maTThA banA liyA jAtA hai| yahA~ yadyapi dUdha se dahI aura dahI se maTThA ye tIna bhinna-bhinna avasthAe~ dikhAI detI haiM para haiM ye tInoM eka gorasa kI hii| isa prakAra pratyeka dravya meM avasthA bheda ke hone para bhI usakA anvaya pAyA jAtA hai| isalie vaha utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpa siddha hotA hai| pratyeka dravya utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya kI tripuTI meM vartamAna ho rahA hai| yaha usakA sAmAnya svabhAva hai| yahA~ yaha prazna hotA hai ki eka hI dravya utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpa kaise ho sakatA hai? kadAcita kAla bheda se use utpAda, vyaya rUpa mAna bhI liyA jAe; kyoMki jisakA utpAda hotA hai usakA kAlAntara meM nAza avazya hotA hai tathApi aisI avasthA meM vaha dhrauvya rUpa nahIM ho sakatA hai; kyoMki jisakA utpAda aura vyaya hotA hai use dhrauvya svabhAva mAnane meM virodha AtA hai? isakA samAdhAna hai ki avasthA-bheda se dravya meM ye tInoM utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya mAne gaye haiN| jisa kAla dravya meM pUrva avasthA nAza ko prApta hotI hai| usI samaya usakI nayI avasthA utpanna hotI hai| phira bhI usakA traikAlika anvaya svabhAva barAbara banA rahatA hai| isalie pratyeka dravya ukta tripadI yukta hai, trayAtmaka hai| dravya kI isa trayAtmakatA ko eka udAharaNa dvArA bar3e sundara DhaMga se spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai-eka rAjA ke pAsa eka svarNa ghaTa hai| rAjakumAra use tur3avAkara mukuTa banavAnA cAhatA hai aura rAjakumArI ko vaha svarNa kalaza hI atyadhika priya hai; kyoMki vaha usameM pAnI bharakara usase khelatI hai; kintu rAjA ko svarNa hI priya hai, cAhe vaha kalaza rUpa meM ho cAhe mukuTa rUpa meN| isa prakAra eka kalaza ko lekara tInoM vyaktiyoM ke tIna prakAra ke manobhAva haiM, jo nirbAdha haiN| __ghaTa kI icchuka rAjakumArI svarNa kI ghaTa paryAya kA nAza hone para duHkhI hotI hai, mukuTa kA icchuka rAjakumAra svarNa kI mukuTa paryAya kI utpatti hone para harSita hotA hai aura mAtra svarNa kA icchuka rAjA ghaTa-paryAya kA nAza aura mukuTa paryAya kI utpatti hone para na to dukhI hotA hai aura na harSita hI hotA hai; kintu madhyastha rahatA 206 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #209
hai| ina tInoM vyaktiyoM kA eka svarNa ghaTa ke Azraya se hone vAlA yaha kArya ahetuka nahIM ho sktaa| isase siddha hotA hai ki svarNa kI ghaTa - paryAya kA nAza aura mukuTa paryAya kI utpatti hone para bhI svarNa kA na to nAza hotA hai aura na utpAda hI / svarNa to ghaTa, mukuTa Adi pratyeka avasthA meM svarNa hI banA rahatA hai / isa prakAra pratyeka vastu trayAtmaka hI hai / " eka dUsare udAharaNa dvArA bhI isI viSaya ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai - jisane dUdha pIne kA vrata liyA hai, vaha dahI nahIM khAtA, jisane dahI khAne kA vrata liyA hai, vaha dUdha nahIM pItA aura jisane gorasa ke sevana nahIM karane kA vrata liyA hai, vaha dUdha aura dahI donoM kA upayoga nahIM krtaa| isase siddha hai ki vastu trayAtmaka hai, yugapat utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ina tInoM rUpoM se yukta hai / 12 eka hI vastu meM pratIti kA nAnApana usa vastu ke vinAza, utpAda aura sthiti (dhrauvya) kA sAdhaka jAna par3atA hai| jo dUdha rUpa se nAza ko prApta ho rahA hai vahI dadhirUpa se utpadyamAna aura gorasa rUpa se vidyamAna (dhrauvya) hai; kyoMki dUdha aura dahI donoM hI gorasa rUpa haiN| gorasa kI ekatA hote hue bhI jo dadhirUpa hai vaha dugdha rUpa nahIM, jo dugdha rUpa hai vaha dadhirUpa nahIM; aisA vratiyoM ke dvArA dravya-paryAya kI vibhinna pratItivaza bheda kiyA jAtA hai| yadi pratIti meM trirUpatA na ho to eka ke grahaNa meM dUsare kA tyAga nahIM banatA / isa taraha vastu tattva ke trayAtmaka sAdhana dvArA usakA prastuta nitya - anitya aura ubhaya sAdhana bhI virodha ko prApta nahIM hotA; kyoMki eka hI vastu meM sthiratA ke vyavasthApana dvArA kathaMcit nityatva aura nAzotpAda ke pratiSThApana dvArA kathaMcit anityatva siddha hotA hai aura isalie yaha ThIka hI kahA jAtA hai ki sampUrNa vastu samUha kathaMcit nitya aura kathaMcit anitya hai| vastu ke utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvyatva athavA nityatva anityatva kA kathana maharSi pataMjali ne bhI kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai-- 'dravya nitya hai aura AkRti arthAt avasthA anitya hai| svarNa kA eka AkAra piNDa hai, usakA vinAza kara mAlA banAI jAtI hai, mAlA kA vinAza kara kar3e banAye jAte haiM, kar3oM ko tor3akara svastika banAye jAte hai / phira ghUma-phira kara svarNa piNDa ho jAtA hai| phira usake vivakSita AkAra khadira ke aMgAra ke samAna do kuNDala ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra eka ke bAda dUsarA AkAra hotA rahatA hai; parantu dravya vahI rahatA hai| AkAra kA nAza karane se eka mAtra dravya hI zeSa rahatA hai| 113 kumArila bhaTTa mImAMsaka ne bhI jaina darzana kI ukta trayAtmakatA kA ullekha nayoM kA samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa :: 207 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #210
karate hue kahA hai 'jaba sone ke eka pyAle ko tor3akara mAlA banAI jAtI hai taba pyAlA cAhane vAle ko zoka hotA hai, mAlA cAhane vAle ko harSa hotA hai aura sone kA icchuka madhyastha rahatA hai| isase vastu ke trayAtmaka hone kI sUcanA milatI hai| utpAda, sthiti aura vyaya ke abhAva meM tIna prakAra kI buddhi nahIM ho sakatI; kyoMki pyAle kA nAza hue binA zoka nahIM ho sakatA, mAlA kI utpatti hue binA harSa nahIM ho sakatA aura sone ke sthAyitva ke binA mAdhyastha bhAva nahIM ho sktaa| ata: vastu sAmAnya se nitya hai| .. ye donoM ullekha yadyapi sAmAnyataH jainadarzana ke anukUla pratIta hote haiM, para inameM jainadarzana se maulika antara hai| ye mukhyataH naiyAyika darzana ke dRSTikoNa ko hI spaSTa karate haiN| naiyAyika darzana kA mantavya hai ki kAraNa dravya sarvathA nitya hai aura kArya dravya sarvathA anity| ina donoM ullekhoM kA bhI yahI bhAva pratIta hotA hai| maharSi pataMjali to dravya kI nityatA aura paryAya kI anityatA spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra karate haiM; kintu jainadarzana kA dRSTikoNa kisI eka ko sarvathA nitya yA sarvathA anitya mAnane kA nahIM hai| dRSTi bheda se vahI dravya nitya hai aura vahI anitya utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ye dravya kI avasthA meM haiN| dravya inameM vyApta kara sthita hai| isalie dravya kathaMcit nitya aura kathaMcit anitya hai| dRSTi yA apekSA bheda se dravya meM eka sAtha hI eka hI samaya meM nityAnityAtmakatA pAI jAtI hai| isameM koI virodha nahIM AtA hai| jainetara dArzanikoM ko yaha zaMkA barAbara banI rahatI hai ki jainadarzana kI nityAnityAtmakatA eka hI samaya meM kaise bana sakatI hai? ye donoM paraspara-virodhI dharma eka hI dravya meM eka hI sAtha, eka hI samaya meM kaise raha sakate haiM? isakA bahuta hI sundara sayuktika samAdhAna AcArya umAsvAmI ne kiyA hai arpita (vivakSita) yA mukhyatA aura anarpita (avivakSita) yA gauNatA kI apekSA se eka vastu meM eka hI sAtha, eka hI samaya meM paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAle do dharmoM kI siddhi barAbara ho jAtI hai| isameM koI virodha nahIM AtA hai| ukta kathana kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki mukhya aura gauNa kI vivakSA bheda se eka hI vastu meM nityatva, anityatva Adi aneka dharma rahate haiN| vastu aneka dharmAtmaka hai, ataH usameM mukhya aura gauNa rUpa se nAnA dharma eka sAtha raha sakate haiM, unameM eka sAtha rahane meM koI virodha nahIM AtA hai aura vastu svarUpa kI siddhi ho jAtI 208 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #211
hai| jisa samaya jisa dharma kI vivakSA hotI hai usa samaya vaha dharma mukhya yA pradhAna ho jAtA hai aura anya dharma gauNa ho jAte haiN| vaktA yadi dravyArthika naya yA dravyadRSTi se vastu kA pratipAdana karatA hai to nityatA vivakSita yA mukhya rahatI hai aura anityatA avivakSita yA gauNa ho jAtI hai tathA yadi paryAyArthika naya yA paryAya dRSTi se pratipAdana karatA hai to anityatA vivakSita yA mukhya rahatI hai aura nityatA avivakSita yA gauNa ho jAtI hai| jisa samaya kisI padArtha ko dravya yA svarUpa kI apekSA se nitya kahA jA rahA hai usI samaya vaha padArtha paryAya kI apekSA se anitya bhI hai| isaprakAra eka hI vastu meM paraspara viruddha pratIta hone vAle nityatva anityatva Adi dharmoM kI sattA svIkAra karane meM koI virodha nahIM AtA hai| jo vastu eka dRSTi se astirUpa, ekarUpa aura nitya rUpa hai vahI vastu dUsarI dRSTi se nAsti rUpa, aneka rUpa aura anitya rUpa bhI hai| isa viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie eka aura udAharaNa prastuta kiyA jA sakatA ____ eka bahuta bar3A dArzanika vidvAn thA, jo nirantara cintana, manana aura adhyayana meM saMlagna rahA karatA thaa| use bAhara kI, yahA~ taka ki apanI gRhasthI aura apane khAne pIne kI bhI koI cintA nahIM rahatI thii| eka kamare meM banda rahA karatA thA, kisI se milatA-julatA bhI nahIM thaa| eka dina usakI patnI ne jhuMjhalAkara pUchAkyA mAmalA hai ? itanA ekAntavAsa aura jJAnArjana karake kyA kiyA? aura kyA karoge? dArzanika ne saumyabhAva se kahA-acchA priye! aao| clo| Aja ghUmane caleM, vahIM tumhAre isa gambhIra prazna kA uttara deNge| donoM cala diye ghuumne| ghUmateghUmate pahu~ce gNgaa-kinaare| gaMgA-kinAre khar3e hokara dArzanika ne pUchA-priye batAo-hama donoM isa pAra haiM yA usa pAra? vaha bolI-isa paar| usane phira pUchA-priye! jarA soco aura batAo ki hama donoM isa pAra haiM yA usa pAra? vaha bolI-isameM socanA-vicAranA kyA hai ? yaha to spaSTa hI dikha rahA hai ki hama loga isa pAra haiN| vaha bolA acchaa| Ao, baiTho isa naukA meM, calo caleM usa paar| pahu~ce usa paar| dArzanika ne phira vahI puuchaa-priye| acchaa| aba batAo? hama donoM isa pAra haiM yA usa pAra? usane phira vahI uttara diyA-isa paar| taba vaha bolA-are! jaba hama donoM vahA~ the, taba kaha rahIM thIM ki 'isa pAra' aura jaba hama donoM yahA~ haiM, taba bhI vahI kaha rahI ho, 'isa paar'| kyA bAta hai? samajhI kuch| vAstava meM yaha na 'isa pAra' hai, na usa pAra', kintu vicAra karane para usa pAra kI apekSA yaha pAra 'isa pAra' hai aura isa pAra kI apekSA vaha pAra bhI 'isa pAra' hai| nayoM kA samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa :: 209 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #212
isa prakAra 'yaha pAra' isa pAra bhI hai aura usa pAra bhI hai tathA vaha pAra bhI isa pAra bhI hai aura usa pAra bhI hai| eka hI vyakti, eka hI sAtha, eka hI samaya meM pitA bhI hai, putra bhI hai, bhAI bhI hai, bhatIjA bhI hai, mAmA bhI hai, bhAnajA bhI hai, zvasura bhI hai, jAmAtA bhI hai, choTA bhI hai, bar3A bhI hai| apane putra kI apekSA pitA hai aura apane pitA kI apekSA putra hai / apane bhAI kI apekSA bhAI hai aura apane pitA ke bhAI kI apekSA bhatIjA hai| apane bhAnaje kI apekSA mAmA hai aura apane mAmA kI apekSA bhAnajA hai| apane jAmAtA kI apekSA zvasura hai to apane zvasura kI apekSA jAmAtA hai| apane se bar3e kI apekSA choTA hai to apane se choTe kI apekSA bar3A T isa taraha ye saba virodhI pratIta hone vAle sambandha eka hI vyakti meM sambandhI bheda se rahate haiM, inameM koI virodha nahIM AtA hai| isI taraha vastudharmoM kI bhI vyavasthA hai| na koI vastu sarvathA sat hai aura na sarvathA asat, na sarvathA nitya hai aura na sarvathA anitya, na sarvathA eka hai aura na sarvathA aneka | kintu vivakSA yA apekSA bheda se sat bhI hai aura asat bhI hai, nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhI hai, eka bhI hai aura aneka bhii| isa taraha anekAntAtmaka yA aneka dharmAtmaka vastu kI nirvirodha siddhi hotI hai| vastu ke aneka dharmAtmaka hone para bhI jJAtA kisI eka dharma kI mukhyatA se hI vastu ko grahaNa karatA hai / jaise - vyakti meM aneka sambandhoM ke hote hue bhI pratyeka sambandhI apanI dRSTi se hI use pukAratA hai| usakA pitA use putra kahakara pukAratA hai to usakA putra use pitA kahakara pukAratA hai| kintu vyakti na kevala pitA hI hai aura na kevala putra hI / yadi vaha kevala pitA hI ho to apane putra kI taraha apane pitA kA bhI pitA kahalAegA yA yadi vaha kevala putra hI ho to apane pitA kI taraha apane putra kA bhI putra khlaaegaa| ataH vyakti pitA bhI hai aura putra bhI hai isameM koI virodha nahIM / isaprakAra pitA-putra, mAmA-bhAnajA, cAcA-bhatIjA, zvasura - jAmAtA, choTA-bar3A Adi ApekSika dharmoM kI taraha eka hI dravya meM nityatva-anityatva Adi paraspara virodhI dharmoM ke eka sAtha rahane meM koI virodha nahIM AtA hai| vastu jisa prakAra nitya hai usI prakAra anitya bhI hai| eka dRSTi se nitya hai to dUsarI dRSTi se anity| vastu kA vastutva do bAtoM para kAyama hai| pratyeka vastu apane svarUpa ko apanAye hue hai aura apane se bhinna ananta vastuoM ke svarUpa ko nahIM apanAye hue hai| tabhI usakA vastutva kAyama hai| yadi aisA nahIM mAnA jAegA to vaha vastu hI nahIM rhegii| jaise yadi ghaTa apane svarUpa ko na apanAye to vaha gadhe ke sIMga kI 210 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #213
taraha avastu khlaaegaa| apane svarUpa ko apanAkara bhI yadi vaha apane se bhinna paTa Adi vastuoM ke svarUpa ko bhI apanAye to ghaTa-paTa meM koI bheda hI nahIM rhegaa| ataH ghaTa ghaTa hI hai, ghaTa paTa nahIM hai| ina do bAtoM para hI ghaTa kA astitva banatA hai| ise hI kahate haiM, ghaTa hai bhI aura nahIM bhI hai| apane svarUpa se hai aura apane se bhinna svarUpa se nahIM hai / isI taraha ghaTa nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhI hai| ghaTa miTTI se banA hai| ghaTa phUTane para bhI miTTI to rahegI hI / ataH apane mUla kAraNa miTTI dravya ke nitya hone se ghaTa nitya hai aura ghaTa paryAya to nitya nahIM hai, ghaTa phUTate kI vaha miTa jAtI hai / ataH ghaTa paryAya kI apekSA anitya hai / isI taraha pratyeka vastu dravya rUpa se nitya hai aura paryAya rUpa se anitya hai / traikAlika anvayarUpa pariNAma kI apekSA nitya hai aura prati samaya hone vAlI paryAya kI apekSA anitya hai| isase vastu kI pariNAmI nityatA siddha hotI hai / kintu ina donoM dharmoM kA vastu meM eka sAtha kathana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, unakA krama se kathana karanA par3atA hai| isalie jisa samaya jisa dharma kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai usa samaya usako svIkAra karane vAlI dRSTi mukhya ho jAtI hai| aura isase virodhI dharma ko svIkAra karane vAlI dRSTi gauNa ho jAtI hai| isaprakAra mukhyatA aura gauNatA ke vivakSA bheda se eka hI vastu meM, eka hI sAtha aura eka hI samaya meM paraspara virodhI mAlUma par3ane vAle dharmoM ke astitva kI siddhi bhalI-bhA~ti ho jAtI hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra yahI sat yA vastu kA yathArtha svarUpa hai, jo nayoM kI sApekSatA yA samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa se siddha hotA hai / * nayoM ke samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa dvArA yaha to vibhinna dArzanika pakSoM kA samanvaya hai| isI prakAra nayoM ke isa samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa kA prayoga yadi laukika jIvana-jagat ke vyavahAroM meM bhI kiyA jAya to hamAre dainika jIvana - vyavahAroM meM pada-pada para paidA hone vAle vivAda, matabheda, saMgharSa aura gRhakalaha samApta hokara hamArA vartamAna jIvana sukhI aura zAnta ho sakatA hai| aura to kyA, yadi Aja ke vizva kI vartamAna samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke lie bhI isa samanvayavAditA kA prayoga kiyA jAya to vizva ke sabhI rASTroM kI tanAvapUrNa samasyAoM kA samAdhAna sahaja hI ho sakatA hai / sandarbha 1. jAvaiyA vayaNavahA tAvaiyA ceva hoMti nnyvaayaa| jAvaiyA NayavAyA tAvaiyA ceva parasamayA / / - sa. pra. kA, 3/47 nayoM kA samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa :: 211 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #214
2. ya eva nitya - kSaNikAdayo nayA mitho'napekSAH svaparapraNAzinaH / ta eva tattvaM vimalasya te muneH parasparekSAH svaparopakAriNaH / / - vR. sva., zlo. 61 3. sadekanityavaktavyAstadvipakSAzca ye nayAH / sarvapraduSyanti puSyanti syAditIha te / / - vahI, zlo. 101 4. kathaMcitte sadeveSTaM kathaMcidasadeva tat / tathobhayamavAcyaM ca nayayogAnna sarvathA / / - A. mI., zlo, 14 5. nayAstava syAtpadasatyalAMchitA rasopaviddhA iva lohadhAtavaH / bhavantyabhipretaguNA yatastato bhavantamAryAH praNatA hitaiSiNaH // - vR. sva. sto, zlo, 65 6. AdIpamAvyomasamasvabhAvaM syAdvAdamudrAnatibhedivastu / tannityamevaikamanityamanyaditi tvadAjJAdviSatAM pralApAH / / - a. ya. vya., zlo, 5. 7. utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat / - ta. sU. 5/30 8. saddravyalakSaNam / - vahI, sU. 5/29 9. bhAvassa Natthi NAso Natthi abhAvassa ceva uppAdo / guNapajjaesu bhAvA uppAdavaye pakuvvaMti / - paMcA. gAthA 15 10. nAsato vidyate bhAvaH nAbhAvo vidyate sataH / - bha. giitaa| 2/16 11. ghaTamaulisuvarNArthI nAzotpAdasthitiSvayam / zokapramodamAdhyasthyaM jano yAti sahetukam / / - A. mI, zloka 59 12. payovrato na dadhyatti na payodatti dadhivrataH / agorasavrato nobhe tasmAttattvaM trayAtmakam / / - A. mI, zloka 60 13. dravyaMnityaM, AkRtiranityA / suvarNa kayAcidAkRtyA yuktaM piNDo bhavati / piNDAkRtimupamRdya rucakAH kriyante, rucakAkRtimupamRdya kaTakAH kriyante, kaTakAkRtimupamRdya svastikAH kriyante / punarAvRttiH suvarNapiNDaH / punaraparayA kRtyA yuktaH khadirAGgArasadRze kuNDale bhavataH / AkRtiranyA cAnyA ca bhavati, dravyaM punastadeva, AkRtyupamadane dravyamevAvaziSyate |m. bhA. pa. pa. A. 1/1/11 pR. 14 14. vardhamAnakabhaGge ca rucakaH kriyate yadA / tathA pUrvArdhinaH zokaH prItizcApyuttarArthinaH / / mArthinastu mAdhyasthaM tasmAdvastu trayAtmakam / notpAdasthitibhaGgAnAmabhAve syAnmatitrayam / na nAzena vinA zoko notpAdena vinA sukham / sthityA vinA na mAdhyasthaM tena sAmAnya - nityatA / / - mI. zlo. vA., zlo, 21-23, pR. 619 15. arpitAnarpitasiddheH / - ta. sU., 5/32 212 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #215
nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa jainAgama granthoM meM nayoM kA vivecana do dRSTiyoM se kiyA gayA hai-eka saiddhAntika dRSTi se aura dUsarA AdhyAtmika dRSTi se| saiddhAntika dRSTi se jIva, ajIva Adi samasta padArthoM kA sAmAnya kathana arthAt dravya sAmAnya sambandhI siddhAnta kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa dRSTi meM jIva dravya kI kucha pradhAnatA yA mukhyatA aura anya dravyoM kI apradhAnatA yA gauNatA sambhava nhiiN| yahA~ sabhI padArtha eka hI koTi meM haiN| unako jAnanA mAtra yA unakA ThIkaThIka parijJAna karanA mAtra apekSita hai| unameM kauna padArtha heya hai aura kauna upAdeya hai yaha batAnA isakA prayojana nahIM hai| isIlie isa paddhati meM nayoM ke nAma bhI vastu ke svabhAva kA Azraya karake rakhe gaye haiN| jaise dravyArthika, paryAyArthika, bheda-grAhaka, abheda-grAhaka aadi| __. AdhyAtmika dRSTi meM kevala AtmA arthAt jIva dravya kA hI kathana karanA . pramukha hai| yahA~ kevala nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa vivecanIya hai arthAt saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa se nayoM ke dvArA kisa prakAra vastutattva kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai ? hama kisa prakAra usake svarUpa ko samajha sakate haiM ? yaha saba vivecana karanA saiddhAntika dRSTi kA kAma hai| kyoMki nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa batAye binA yA use samajhe binA dravya-sAmAnya-sambandhI paricaya prApta nahIM kara sakate aura dravya-sAmAnyasambandhI paricaya kA jJAna prApta kiye binA dravya-vizeSa arthAt Atma padArtha kA tathA usake lie heya va upAdeya kA nirNaya nahIM kara skte| AtmA kA svarUpa kyA hai ? usakA bhalA kisa bAta meM hai? yaha saba parijJAna prApta nahIM kara skte| ataH saiddhAntika dRSTi ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| saiddhAntika dRSTi se vicAra karane para dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika ye do hI mUla naya haiM aura unake naigamAdi sAta bheda kiye gaye haiN| jaba vastu dravya paryAyAtmaka nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 213 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #216
aura vastu ke eka aMza ko grahaNa karane vAle abhiprAya ko naya kahate haiM to dravyAMza kA grAhaka dravyArthika aura paryAyAMza kA grAhaka paryAyArthika naya hI mUla naya hone. cAhie; kyoMki dravya aura paryAya se bhinna to koI vastu hai nhiiN| inhIM donoM mUla nayoM meM zeSa saba nayoM kA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| jitane bhI vacana mArga haiM utane hI naya haiM ataH nayoM kI saMkhyA asaMkhyAta hai| ve asaMkhyAta naya dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika ke hI bheda haiM; kyoMki una saba kA viSaya yA to dravya hai yA paryAya / saiddhAntika dRSTi kA lakSya vastu-svarUpa kI vivecanA karanA hai isalie vaha vastu kA vizleSaNa karake usakI taha taka pahu~cane kI ceSTA karatI hai / isa dRSTi meM vastu - vivecanA kA AdhAra hai dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika naya; kyoMki ye donoM vastu-mAtra ke vivecana ke lie upayogI haiM, inakA mukhya uddezya vastu svarUpa kA vizleSaNa karanA hai| isI se siddhAnta granthoM meM sarvatra inhIM kA kathana milatA hai; kyoMki inake tathA inake bheda - prabhedoM ke dvArA hI vastu kA yathArtha vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki jainadarzana ke anusAra vastu anekAntAtmaka hai| vaha nitya bhI hai, anitya bhI hai, eka bhI hai aneka bhI hai, sat rUpa bhI hai, asat rUpa bhI hai, tadrUpa bhI hai, atadrUpa bhI hai / dravya rUpa se nitya hai, eka hai, satrUpa hai aura tadrUpa hai| paryAya rUpa se vahI vastu anitya hai, aneka hai, asat rUpa hai aura atadrUpa hai| dravyarUpa ko jAnane vAlI dRSTi kA nAma dravyArthika hai aura paryAya rUpa ko jAnane vAlI dRSTi kA nAma paryAyArthika naya hai| tathA dravya-paryAyAtmaka vastu ko jAnane vAlA jJAna pramANa hai, pramANa ke hI bheda naya haiN| pramANa anekAntAtmaka vastu ko pUrNa rUpa se jAnatA hai, to naya usa vastu ke kisI eka dharma ko lekara tathA usake anya dharmoM ko gauNa karake usakA vivecana karatA hai / isa taraha saiddhAntika dRSTi se dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika hI mUla naya haiM tathA naigamAdi sAta naya unake bheda haiM, jo sAmAnya - vizeSAtmaka yA dravya - paryAyAtmaka vastu ke eka - eka aMza kA yathArtha vivecana karate haiM / yahI nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa hai| nayoM ke bheda-prabheda nayoM ke bheda-prabhedoM kI koI saMkhyA nizcita nahIM hai; kyoMki jJAtA ke abhiprAya vizeSa ko naya kahA gayA hai aura abhiprAya ke anusAra hI vaktA vacana prayoga karatA hai, ataH abhiprAyamUlaka vacanoM ke barAbara to naya hone hI cAhie' kyoMki nayoM kI saMkhyA bhI vakta apane abhiprAya se hI nizcita karatA hai aura abhiprAya aneka 214 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #217
hote haiN| ataH zAstroM meM aneka prakAra se naya ke bheda-prabheda dRSTigocara hote haiN| AcArya siddhasena tathA nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ne isa taraha ke vivakSA bhedoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara nayoM ke bhedoM kA varNana karate hue likhA hai-saMsAra meM jitane prakAra ke vacanamArga haiM utane hI prakAra ke nayavAda haiN| nayoM kI aneka-bhedatA kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai' aura vastu ke eka-eka dharma kA grAhI naya hai, ataH jitane vastu ke dharma haiM utane hI naya haiN| isa prakAra nayoM kI koI nizcita saMkhyA nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai| vaise digambara paramparA sammata AcArya kundakunda Adi ke granthoM meM dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika-ina do mUlanayoM kI dRSTi se vastu vivecana kiyA gayA hai| AcArya kundakunda ke samayasAra meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kA prayoga bhI inhIM do mUlanayoM ke artha meM huA hai| isI prakAra siddhasena divAkara Adi sabhI AcAryoM ne bhI dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika ko mUla naya svIkAra kiyA hai| kyoMki samasta nayoM ke mUla AdhAra ye hI do naya mAne gaye hai| naigamAdi sAta naya inhIM kI zAkhA-prazAkhAe~ haiN| yahI bAta zrI mAilla dhavala ne bhI kahI hai-mUlanaya do hI haiM : dravyArthika aura pryaayaarthik| anya asaMkhyAta aura saMkhyAta naya inhIM donoM nayoM ke bheda jAnane caahie| ___ anekAnta kA spaSTIkaraNa nayoM ke nirUpaNa se hI ho sakatA hai, naya aneka haiM, parantu una sabakA samAveza saMkSepa meM do nayoM meM ho jAtA hai| ve mukhya do naya haiM-dravyArthika aura pryaayaarthik| AcArya devasena ne dravyArthika naya ke dasa bheda aura paryAyArthika naya ke chaha' .bheda kiye hai| isI prakAra inhoMne naigamAdi sAta nayoM ke sAtha dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika ko milAkara kula nau naya mAne haiN| inhoMne upanayoM kA bhI nirdeza kiyA ___zvetAmbara paramparA mAnya AcArya umAsvAti ne naya ke pA~ca bheda kiye haiMnaigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra aura shbd|" inhoMne Age naigama naya ke do bheda kiye haiM-ekadeza parikSepI aura dUsarA srvprikssepii| isI prakAra zabda naya ke bhI tIna bheda kiye haiM-sAmprata, samabhirUr3ha aura evNbhuut| digambara paramparAmAnya AcArya umAsvAmI ne naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta-isaprakAra sAta naya mAne haiN| isI prakAra anya samasta digambara AcAryoM ne naya ke sAta bheda svIkAra kiye haiN| nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 215 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #218
AcArya siddhasena abheda saMkalpI naigama kA saMgraha naya meM aura bheda saMkalpI naigama kA vyavahAra naya meM antarbhAva karake chaha hI mUla naya mAnate haiM / AcArya yazovijaya gaNI ne naya ke mUla bheda dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika mAnakara dravyArthika ke naigama, saMgraha aura vyavahAra ye tIna bheda tathA paryAyArthika ke RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta ye cAra bheda mAne haiN| 14 yahI bAta AcArya vidyAnanda ne kahI hai| 15 anya digambara AcAryoM kI bhI yahI mAnyatA hai| bhaTTa akalaMkadeva" tathA jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa " ne naigamanaya ko arthanaya mAnakara RjusUtra paryanta cAra nayoM kA arthanaya rUpa se tathA zabda Adi tIna nayoM kA zabdanaya rUpa se vibhAga kiyA hai| AcArya vIrasena svAmI ne zabda naya ke sthAna para vyaMjana naya nAma diyA hai| 18 jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa " ne eka-eka naya ke sau-sau bheda karake vivakSAbheda se nayoM kI pA~ca sau aura sAta sau saMkhyA batAyI hai / inhoMne isI gAthA naM. 2264 kI TIkA meM vivakSA bheda se chaha sau cAra sau tathA do sau saMkhyA bhI nayoM kI nizcita kI hai| AcArya vIrasena svAmI ne bhI AgrAyaNI pUrva ke varNana meM sAta sau nayoM kA ullekha kiyA hai 120 isa prakAra nayoM ke aneka bheda-prabheda kiye gaye haiM / ina samasta naya bhedoM kA mukhya rUpa se nimnalikhita prakAroM meM vibhakta kara unakA adhyayana kiyA jA sakatA hai-- prathama prakAra jainAgama-granthoM meM yadyapi nayoM ke aneka bhedoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai tathApi vicAra vyavahAra kI dRSTi se prArambha meM naya ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM21 - jJAnanaya, zabdanaya, aura arthanaya / - vastu ko jAnanA jJAna kA lakSaNa hai, isalie jitane prakAra kI vastu hotI hai, utane hI prakAra kA jJAna bhI honA caahie| jagat meM vastu tIna prakAra kI upalabdha hotI hai - jJAnAtmaka, zabdAtmaka aura arthAtmaka | jJAna-jJeya sambandha dvArA vastu kA jJAna meM jo pratibimba yA pratibhAsa par3atA hai use jJAnAtmaka vastu kahate haiM / vAcya-vAcaka sambandha dvArA vastu kA zabda meM jo pratibhAsa par3atA hai use zabdAtmaka vastu kahate haiM / 216 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #219
artha kriyA rUpa se vastu kI jo artha meM sattA rahatI hai use arthAtmaka vastu kahate haiN| jaise-jJAna meM pratibimbita 'gAya' jJAnAtmaka gAya hai| blaika borDa (zyAma paTa) para likhA huA 'gAya' zabda yA mukha se bolA huA 'gAya' zabda zabdAtmaka gAya hai aura dUdha dene rUpa artha kriyA karane vAlI asalI 'gAya' arthAtmaka gAya hai| ina tInoM meM se jJAnAtmaka vastu svayaM jAnI jA sakatI hai; parantu na dUsare ko dikhAI jA sakatI hai aura na kisI prayoga meM lAI jA sakatI hai| jaise-jJAnAtmaka 'gAya' svayaM jAnI jA sakatI hai; parantu na kisI ko dikhAI jA sakatI hai aura na usase dUdha duha kara peTa bharA jA sakatA hai| zabdAtmaka vastu svayaM bhI par3hI va sunI jA sakatI hai, dUsare ko bhI par3hAI va sunAI jA sakatI hai; parantu use kisI prayoga meM nahIM lAI jA sktii| jaisezabdAtmaka 'gAya' yA 'gAya' nAma kA zabda svayaM bhI par3hA va sunA jA sakatA hai, dUsare ko bhI par3hAyA yA sunAyA jA sakatA hai; parantu usase dUdha duhakara peTa nahIM bharA jA sakatA hai| / arthAtmaka vastu svayaM bhI jAnI va dekhI jA sakatI hai, dUsare ko bhI sunAI va dikhAI jA sakatI hai aura usako prayoga meM bhI lAyA jA sakatA hai| jaise-dUdha dene vAlI gAya svayaM bhI jAnI va dekhI jA sakatI hai, dUsare ko bhI janAI va dikhAI jA sakatI hai aura usase dUdha duhakara peTa bhI bharA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra vastu tIna prakAra kI hai-jJAnAtmaka, zabdAtmaka aura arthaatmk| cauthI prakAra kI vastu loka meM nahIM hai| tIna prakAra kI vastuoM ko jAnane vAlA jJAna bhI tIna prakAra kA honA caahie| ... jJAna do prakAra kA hai-pramANa rUpa aura naya rUpa / akhaNDa vastu ko jAnane vAlA ekarasAtmaka jJAna pramANa kahalAtA hai aura usa vastu ke eka deza ko jAnane vAlA aMzajJAna. naya kahalAtA hai| ataH pramANa bhI tIna prakAra kA hai-jJAnAtmaka pramANa, zabdAtmaka pramANa aura arthAtmaka prmaann| pratyakSajJAna jJAnAtmaka pramANa hai, Agama yA dravyazruta zabdAtmaka pramANa hai tathA vastu svayaM arthAtmaka pramANa hai| __ ataH naya bhI tIna prakAra kA hai-jJAnanaya, zabdanaya aura arthny| bhAvAtmaka zrutajJAna rUpa pramANa ke eka deza ko grahaNa karane vAlA jJAna 'jJAna naya' kahalAtA hai| zabdAtmaka zrutajJAna rUpa pramANa arthAt Agama ke eka deza ko jAnane vAlA jJAna 'zabdanaya' hai arthAt Agama meM prayukta aneka prakAra kI yuktiyoM vAlA vAkyoM kA jJAna 'zabdanaya' hai| nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 217 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #220
artha (vastu) ke eka deza, guNa athavA paryAya ko grahaNa karane vAlA jJAna 'arthanaya' hai| isa prakAra yadyapi naya ke tIna bheda kara diye gaye haiM-jJAna, zabda aura arth| parantu isakA yaha artha nahIM ki zabda yA artha (vastu) svayaM naya rUpa hai, naya to svayaM jJAna rUpa hI hai| vaha jJAna jisa prakAra kI vastu kA Azraya lekara utpanna hotA hai usa nAma se hI vaha jJAna upacAra se pukArA jAtA hai| jaise-ghI ke Azraya- bhUta ghar3e ko bhI ghI kA ghar3A upacAra se kahA jAtA hai| ata: jJAna ko viSaya karane vAlA jJAna 'jJAna naya' kahA jAtA hai| zabda ko viSaya karane vAlA jJAna 'zabda naya' kahA jAtA hai aura artha (vastu) ko viSaya karane vAlA jJAna 'arthanaya' kahA jAtA hai| ye tInoM naya apane svarUpa se jJAnAtmaka hI haiM, zabdAtmaka va arthAtmaka nhiiN| yahA~ isa prakaraNa meM naiyAyika Adi yaha zaMkA upasthita kara sakate haiM ki artha naya aura zabda naya kahanA to ThIka hai parantu jJAna naya kahanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki jJAna 'artha' ko tathA 'zabda' ko to viSaya karatA dekhA jAtA hai, para jJAna svayaM jJAna ko hI viSaya karatA ho aisA dekhA nahIM jAtA, kintu aisI zaMkA karanA ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki dIpaka ke samAna jJAna sva-para-prakAzaka hai| jisa prakAra dIpaka anya padArthoM ko prakAzita karatA huA svayaM ko bhI prakAzita kara letA hai, use svayaM ko prakAzita karane ke lie anya dIpaka kI AvazyakatA nahIM pdd'tii| usI prakAra jJAna bhI anya padArthoM ko jAnatA huA svayaM apane ko bhI vaha svayaM hI jAna letA hai| use apane Apako jAnane ke lie anya jJAna kI AvazyakatA nahIM pdd'tii| jaise'maiM ghaTa-paTa Adi padArthoM ko apane Apa hI jAnatA hU~, isa prakAra kI svAnubhavajanya pratIti svayaM hI hotI hai' isa bAta ko sabhI jAnate haiN| isa svAnubhava-janya pratIti ko utpanna karane ke lie anya jJAna kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3atI hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki jJAna jisa prakAra artha aura zabda ko viSaya karatA hai usI prakAra svayaM-apane Apako (jJAna ko) bhI viSaya karatA hai| isa prakAra jJAna tIna prakAra kI vastuoM ko grahaNa karane ke kAraNa tIna prakAra kA ho jAtA hai-jJAna nayarUpa, artha nayarUpa aura zabda nyruup| jJAna, artha aura zabda-ina tInoM meM jJAna sabase bar3I vastu hai, artha usase choTI hai aura zabda sabase choTI hai| 'jJAna' sat aura asat saba prakAra ke padArthoM ko jAnane meM samartha hai| 'sat' padArthoM ko to jJAna jAnatA hI hai, para kalpanA ke AdhAra para 'gadhe kA sIMga', AkAza puSpa, kUrma roma, bandhyA putra Adi kAlpanika bAtoM ko bhI jJAna jAnatA hI hai, ataH jJAna meM artha aura zabdajanya pratibhAsa bhI hotA hai tathA kalpanAjanya pratibhAsa bhii| kalpanAjanya pratibhAsa niyama se jJAna viSayaka hI 218 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #221
hotA hai, artha va zabda viSayaka nahIM aura usa kalpanAjanya pratibhAsa kA viSaya artha va zabda-donoM se adhika hai; kyoMki artha va zabda to sImita haiM aura vaha hai asiimit| isalie jJAna sabase bar3I vastu hai| artha aura zabda meM se artha baDA hai aura zabda choTA; kyoMki dravya, guNa-paryAyoM meM sUkSma sthUla rUpa se tathA dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva rUpa se rahane vAlA artha to ananta hai, parantu zabda saMkhyAta mAtra se adhika honA asambhava hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki zabda kevala sthUla artha ko viSaya kara sakatA hai, sUkSma ko nahIM aura jagat meM sthUla kI apekSA sUkSma artha bahuta hai| isalie zabda kA viSaya artha kI apekSA atyanta alpa hai| isa prakAra tInoM nayoM ke viSayoM meM mahAn va laghupanA jAna lenA caahie| jJAnanaya kA viSaya mahAn hai, arthanaya kA usase kama aura zabdanaya kA sabase km| jina naigamAdi sAta nayoM kA vivecana Age kiyA jAne vAlA hai, unameM se naigamanaya jJAnanaya bhI hai aura arthanaya bhii| saMgraha, vyavahAra aura RjusUtra ye tIna naya arthanaya hI haiN| zabda, samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta ye tIna zabdanaya hI haiN| isa prakAra una sAtoM meM eka naigamanaya jJAnanaya hai, naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra aura RjusUtra ye cAra naya arthanaya haiM aura zabda, samabhirUDha tathA evaMbhUta-ye tIna naya zabdanaya haiN| ina tIna nayoM meM jJAnAzrita vyavahAroM kA saMkalpamAtra grAhI naigamanaya meM samAveza hotA hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ne naigamanaya ko saMkalpamAtragrAhI batAyA hai| tattvArthabhASya meM bhI aneka grAmya vyavahAroM kA tathA aupacArika lokavyavahAroM kA sthAna isI naigamanaya kI viSayamaryAdA meM nizcita kiyA hai| AcArya siddhasena ne abhedagrAhI naigama kA saMgrahanaya meM tathA bhedagrAhI naigama kA vyavahAra naya meM antarbhAva kiyA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki naigama ko saMkalpa mAtra grAhI na mAnakara arthagrAhI bhI svIkAra karate haiN| akalaMkadeva ne yadyapi rAjavArtika meM AcArya pUjyapAda kA anusaraNa karake naigamanaya ko saMkalpa mAtra grAhI likhA hai phira bhI laghIyastraya-kArikA 39 meM unhoMne naigamanaya ko artha ke bheda kA yA abheda kA grahaNa karane vAlA batAyA hai| isIlie inhoMne spaSTa rUpa se naigama Adi RjusUtra paryanta cAra nayoM ko arthanaya mAnA hai| arthAzrita abheda vyavahAra kA saMgraha naya meM antarbhAva kiyA gayA hai| . isase nIce tathA eka paramANu kI vartamAna kAlIna eka artha paryAya se pahale hone vAle yAvat madhyavartI bhedoM ko, jinameM naiyAyika, vaizeSikAdi darzana haiM, vyavahAranaya meM antarbhUta kiyA gayA hai| artha kI AkhirI dezakoTi paramANu rUpatA tathA antima kAlakoTi meM nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 219 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #222
kSaNikatA ko grahaNa karane vAlI bauddha dRSTi RjusUtra naya meM samAviSTa kI jAtI hai| kAla, kAraka, saMkhyA tathA dhAtu ke sAtha lagane vAle bhinna-bhinna upasarga . Adi kI dRSTi se prayukta hone vAle zabdoM ke vAcya artha bhI bhinna-bhinna haiN| isa kAla, kArakAdi bheda se zabda-bheda mAnakara arthabheda mAnane vAlI dRSTi kA zabdanaya meM samAveza hotA hai| eka hI sAdhana se niSpanna tathA eka kAlavAcaka bhI aneka paryAyavAcI zabda hote haiM, ata: ina paryAyavAcI zabdoM se bhI artha - bheda mAnane vAlI dRSTi kA samabhirUDhanaya meM antarbhAva kiyA jAtA hai| 1 bhUta na kahatA hai ki jisa samaya jo artha jisa kriyA meM pariNata ho. usI samaya, usameM tatkriyA se niSpanna zabda kA prayoga honA caahie| isakI dRSTi se sabhI zabda kriyAvAcI hai| guNavAcaka 'zukla' bhI zucibhavana rUpa kriyA se, jAtivAcaka 'azva' zabda Azugamana rUpa kriyA se, kriyA - vAcaka 'calati' zabda calane rUpa kriyA se, nAmavAcaka 'yadRcchA' zabda devadattAdi 'bhI' ' deva ne isako diyA' isa kriyA se niSpanna hue haiN| isa taraha jJAna, artha aura zabda ko Azraya lekara hone vAle jJAtA ke abhiprAyoM kA samanvaya ina nayoM meM kiyA gayA hai; kintu koI bhI abhiprAya (yA dRSTi) apane pratipakSI abhiprAya kA nirAkaraNa yA upekSA nahIM kregaa| yaha ho sakatA hai ki jahA~ eka abhiprAya kI mukhyatA rahe vahA~ dUsarA abhiprAya gauNa ho jaay| yahI sApekSa bhAva naya kA prANa hai| isI se naya sunaya kahalAtA hai| AcArya samantabhadra, siddhasena Adi ne sApekSatA ko sunaya aura nirapekSatA ko durnaya kahA hI hai, jaisA ki dvitIya adhyAya ke naya prakaraNa meM kahA gayA hai| dvitIya prakAra (1) dravyArthika naya aura (2) paryAyArthika naya / jainadarzana ke anusAra pratyeka vastu sAmAnya- vizeSAtmaka yA dravya-paryAyAtmaka hai aura na vastu ke eka aMza kA grAhI hotA hai; ataH sAmAnya yA dravyAMza kA grAhI dravyArthika naya hai aura vizeSa yA paryAyAMza kA grAhI paryAyArthika naya / dUsare zabdoM meM abhedaparaka yA sAmAnya grAhI dRSTi dravyArthika naya aura bhedaparaka yA vizeSagrAhI dRSTi paryAyArthika naya hai / dravyArthika naya vastu ko kevala sAmAnya yA abheda rUpa hI dekhatA hai aura paryAyArthika naya usI vastu ko kevala vizeSa yA bheda rUpa / tAtparya yaha hai ki abheda yA sAmAnya ko grahaNa karane vAlA dravyArthika naya aura bheda yA vizeSa ko grahaNa karane vAlA paryAyArthika naya hai| 220 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #223
vAstava meM saMsAra kI choTI-bar3I sabhI vastue~ eka dUsarI se sarvathA bhinna yA asamAna bhI nahIM haiM aura sarvathA abhinna ekarUpa yA samAna bhI nahIM haiN| samAnatA yA abhinnatA aura asamAnatA yA bhinnatA donoM aMza sabhI meM vidyamAna haiN| isIlie vastu - mAtra ko sAmAnya - vizeSAtmaka yA ubhayAtmaka kahA jAtA hai / mAnava - buddhi kabhI to vastuoM ke sAmAnya yA dravyAMza kI ora jhukatI hai aura kabhI vizeSAMza yA paryAyAMza kI ora / sAmAnya yA dravya aMza kI ora jhukate samaya kiyA gayA vicAra dravyArthika naya aura vizeSAMza yA paryAyAMza kI ora jhukate samaya kiyA gayA vahI vicAra paryAyArthika naya kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra naya ke mUla bheda do hI haiMdravyArthika naya aura paryAyArthika naya / anya saba naya inhIM donoM ke bheda - prabheda haiM, jaisA ki Upara bhI kahA jA cukA hai| pratyeka vastu kA vizleSaNa karane para usameM do mukhya aMza dRSTigocara hote haiN| eka sAmAnya aMza aura dUsarA vizeSa aMza, kyoMki sAmAnya, vizeSa Adi aneka dharmoM kA samUha hI vastu hai| kintu kevala dravyAstika naya ko mAnane vAle advaitavAdI, mImAMsaka tathA sAMkhya padArtha ko kevala sAmAnyAtmaka hI mAnate haiN| unakA kathana hai ki sAmAnya se bhinna vizeSa dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / saba padArthoM kA sAmAnya rIti se hI jJAna hotA hai aura saba padArtha 'sat' kahe jAte haiM, ataeva samasta padArtha eka haiM / dravyatva hI eka tattva hai; kyoMki dravyatva ko chor3akara dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla, pudgala aura jIva nahIM pAye jAte / ataH sAmAnya hI eka tattva hai| kevala paryAyAstika naya ko mAnane vAle kSaNikavAdI bauddha loga padArtha ko kevala vizeSa rUpa hI mAnate haiN| unakI mAnyatA hai ki bhinna aura kSaNa-kSaNa meM naSTa hone vAle vizeSa hI tattva haiM, ataH pratyeka sarvathA vizeSa rUpa hI hai| vizeSa ko chor3akara sAmAnya koI alaga vastu nahIM hai| gau ko jAnate samaya hameM gau ke varNa, AkAra Adi ke vizeSa jJAna ko chor3akara 'gau' kA kevala sAmAnya jJAna nahIM hotA hai; kyoMki vizeSa jJAna ko chor3akara kisI padArtha kA sAmAnya jJAna hamAre anubhava bAhara hai| ataeva padArthoM ke vizeSa jJAna ko chor3akara padArthoM kA kevala sAmAnya honA asambhava hai| ataH sAmAnya koI vastu nahIM hai, pratyeka vastu sarvathA vizeSAtmaka hI hai| kevala naigamanaya kA anukaraNa karane vAle nyAya-vaizeSika sAmAnya ko eka svatantra padArtha mAnate haiM aura vizeSa ko eka svatantra padArtha aura unakA dravya ke sAtha samavAya sambandha mAnate haiM / isaprakAra paraspara bhinna aura nirapekSa sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM ko svIkAra karate haiN| ve sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko eka na mAnakara paraspara bhinna svIkAra karate haiN| nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 221 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #224
- kintu jaina darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki padArtha na kevala sAmAnya rUpa hai, na kevala vizeSa rUpa aura na svatantra paraspara bhinna aura nirapekSa ubhaya rUpa hI hai; apitu ubhayAtmaka (sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka) hai; kyoMki sampUrNa padArtha sAmAnya-vizeSa rUpa hI anubhava meM Ate haiN| jaise-'gau' ke dekhane para jisa samaya hameM khura, kakuda, sAsnA (gala kambala) pU~cha, sIMga Adi avayavoM vAlI vyakti rUpa saba gauoM kA sAmAnya rUpa se jJAna hotA hai, usI samaya bhaiMsa Adi kI vyAvRtti (nirAkaraNa) rUpa vizeSa-jJAna bhI hotA hai, ataeva sAMkhya, vedAntI, mImAMsaka Adi ko kevala sAmAnya ko hI tattva na mAnakara padArthoM ko sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hI mAnanA caahie| isI prakAra zabalA (citakabarI) gau kA vizeSa jJAna hone para bhI 'gotva' sAmAnya kA spaSTa rUpa se jJAna hotA hai, kyoMki zabalA kahane para 'gotva' sAmAnya kA jJAna avazya hotA hai tathA zabalatva bhI aneka prakAra kA hai, ataeva vaktA ke 'gau' ko zabalA kahane para sampUrNa gauoM meM zabalatva kA sAmAnya se grahaNa hone para bhI vivakSita gauoM meM hI zabalatva kA jJAna hotA hai ataeva sAmAnya aura vizeSa paraspara-sApekSa haiN| binA sAmAnya ke vizeSa aura binA vizeSa ke sAmAnya kahIM bhI, kabhI bhI nahIM pAye jAte; ataeva vizeSa-nirapekSa sAmAnya ko athavA sAmAnyanirapekSa vizeSa ko tattva mAnanA kevala pralApa mAtra hai| jisa prakAra janmAndha puruSa hAthI ke eka-eka avayava ko sparza karake hAthI kA judA-judA svarUpa siddha karate haiM arthAt eka-eka avayava ko hI hAthI mAnate haiM-jisane paira ko sparza kiyA vaha khambhe ke AkAra kA hI hAthI mAnatA hai aura jisane kAna kA sparza kiyA vaha kahatA hai ki hAthI sUpa ke AkAra kA hI hai ityAdi rUpa se eka-eka avayava ko hI hAthI mAnate haiM, usI prakAra sarvathA ekAntavAdI vastu kA svarUpa eka-eka apekSA ko grahaNa karake bhinna-bhinna siddha karate haiM, kintu yaha mAnyatA ekAMgI hone se vastusvarUpa kI siddhi karane meM sarvathA asamartha hai| ataeva vastu ko kevala vizeSa rUpa hI na mAnakara paraspara sApekSa sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hI mAnanA caahie| isI prakAra sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko paraspara bhinna aura nirapekSa mAnane vAle naiyAyika aura vaizeSikoM kI mAnyatA bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki visadRza pariNAma kI taraha sAmAnya vyakti vizeSa se kathaMcit bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna hai| jaise-kisI vyakti ke anya vyaktiyoM se vizeSa rUpa pratibhAsita hone para usameM visadRza pariNAma dekhA jAtA hai, vaise hI bhinna-bhinna vyaktiyoM meM sAmAnya rUpa dekhe jAne se sadRza pariNAma bhI pAyA jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke lie gau vyakti ke azva Adi vyaktiyoM se asamAna hone para gau meM visadRza pariNAma tathA gau meM gotva 222 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #225
sAmAnya ke rahane se sadRza pariNAma pAyA jAtA hai| ataeva sAmAnya aura vizeSa paraspara sApekSa haiM, kyoMki sAmAnya vizeSa se sarvathA bhinna nahIM hai aura na hI vizeSa sAmAnya se sarvathA bhinna hai| vaise jainadarzana ke sApekSa dRSTikoNa se ukta dArzanikoM kI mAnyatAe~ kathaMcit satya bhI haiM, sarvathA satya nhiiN| vastu ko sarvathA sAmAnya rUpa mAnane vAle sAMkhya, advaitavAdI, mImAMsakoM kA kathana dravyArthika naya kI apekSA se, vastu ko sarvathA vizeSa rUpa mAnane vAle bauddhoM kA kathana paryAyArthika naya kI apekSA se tathA sAmAnya-vizeSa ko paraspara bhinna aura nirapekSa mAnane vAle nyAya-vaizeSikoM kA kathana naigamanaya kI apekSA se satya hai| isalie sAmAnya-vizeSa ko kathaMcit bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna hI svIkAra karanA cAhie; kyoMki padArthoM kA jJAna karate samaya sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM kA hI eka sAtha jJAna hotA hai| binA sAmAnya ke vizeSa aura binA vizeSa ke sAmAnya kA kahIM bhI jJAna nahIM hotaa| jaise gau ke dekhane para hameM anuvRtti rUpa gau kA jJAna hotA hai, vaise hI bhaiMsa Adi kI vyAvRtti rUpa vizeSa kA bhI jJAna hotA hai| isI taraha zabalA gau kahane para jaise vizeSa rUpa zabalatva kA jJAna hotA hai, vaise hI 'gotva' rUpa sAmAnya kA bhI jJAna hotA hai| ataeva sAmAnya-vizeSa kathaMcit bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna hone se pratyeka padArtha sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka donoM rUpa hI hai| ____ aneka arthoM meM rahane vAlI ekatA ko sAmAnya kahate haiM aura eka artha meM rahane vAlI anekatA ko vizeSa kahate haiN| arthAt aneka padArthoM meM eka sI pratIti utpanna karane vAlA aura unheM eka hI zabda kA vAcya banAne vAlA dharma sAmAnya kahalAtA hai| jaise-aneka gAyoM meM yaha bhI gau hai, 'yaha bhI gau hai', isa prakAra kA jJAna aura zabda prayoga karAne vAlA 'gotva dharma' sAmAnya hai| isase viparIta eka padArtha se dUsare padArtha meM bheda karAne vAlA dharma vizeSa kahalAtA hai| jaise-unhIM aneka gAyoM meM nIlApana, zAbaleyatva (citakabarApana), lalAI, saphedI aadi| jina padArthoM meM eka dRSTi se hameM sadRzatA (samAnatA) kI pratIti hotI hai unhIM padArthoM meM dUsarI dRSTi se visadRzatA (vizeSa) kI pratIti bhI hone lagatI hai| dRSTi meM bheda hone para bhI jaba taka padArtha meM sadRzatA aura visadRzatA na ho taba taka unakI pratIti nahIM ho sakatI hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki padArtha meM sadRzatA yA samAnatA kI pratIti utpanna karane vAlA sAmAnya hai| jaise-aneka gAyoM meM 'yaha gau hai, yaha bhI gau hai, yaha bhI gau hai; isa prakAra kI sadRza yA samAna AkAra vAlI pratIti sAmAnya hai, isI ko anuvRtta pratyaya kahate haiM aura visadRzatA kI pratIti utpanna karane vAlA dharma vizeSa hai; jaise-'yaha gAya kAlI hai', 'yaha citakabarI hai' nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 223 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #226
isa prakAra kI vizeSa AkAra vAlI pratIti ko vizeSa kahate haiN| yahI vyAvRtta pratyaya kahalAtA hai| vaha sAmAnya do prakAra kA hai - tiryak sAmAnya aura UrdhvatA sAmAnya / 1 pratyeka vyakti meM sadRza (samAna) pariNAma ko tiryak- sAmAnya kahate haiM 32 athavA eka kAlavartI va eka kSetravartI aneka padArthoM meM rahane vAlI ekatA yA samAnatA ko tiryak sAmAnya kahate haiM / jaise- khaNDI, muNDI, citakabarI, zyAma, lAla Adi aneka gAyoM meM rahane vAlA eka 'gotva' sAmAnya tiryak sAmAnya hai ise sAdRzya - sAmAnya bhI kahate haiM, kyoMki isameM 'yaha bhI gau hai', 'yaha bhI gau hai', 'yaha bhI gau hai' isa prakAra kA sAdRzya pratyaya prApta hotA hai| eka kAlavartI tathA eka kSetravartI aneka padArthoM meM rahane vAlI ekatA yA samAnatA bhI tiryak sAmAnya hai| yaha aneka dravyoM meM tirachA hokara vyApta rahane ke kAraNa tiryak - sAmAnya kahalAtA hai| pUrva aura uttara paryAyoM meM samAna rUpa se rahane vAle dravya ko UrdhvatA - sAmAnya kahate haiM; jaise - kaDe, kaMkaNa Adi paryAyoM meM samAna rUpa se rahane vAlA svarNa dravya athavA sthAsa, koza, kuzUla Adi ghaTa kI paryAyoM meM samAna rUpa se rahane vAlI miTTI UrdhvatA sAmAnya hai| arthAt - jo trikAlavartI samasta paryAyoM meM vyApta hokara sAtha rahatA hai, aise dravya ko UrdhvatA sAmAnya kahate haiM; jaise - eka citra jJAna eka sAtha hone vAle apane antargata aneka nIla, pItAdi AkAroM meM vyApta rahatA hai, usI prakAra UrdhvatA sAmAnya rUpa jo dravya hai, vaha kAla-krama se hone vAlI paryAyoM meM vyApta hokara rahatA hai| isI prakAra aneka kAlavartI va eka kSetravartI anekoM kramavartI avasthAoM meM anusyUta eka dravya UrdhvatA - sAmAnya hai; jaise Age pIche prakaTa hone vAlI bAlaka, yuvA, vRddha Adi aneka avasthAoM meM anusyUta eka manuSyatva; kyoMki yahA~ bhI 'yaha bhI vahI manuSya hai, jo ki pahale baccA thA' isa prakAra ke ekatvapratyaya kI prApti ho rahI hai / yaha apanI kAla - krama se hone vAlI kramika paryAyoM meM Upara se nIce taka vyApta rahane ke kAraNa UrdhvatA - sAmAnya kahalAtA hai| yaha jisa prakAra apanI kramika paryAyoM ko vyApta karatA hai usI taraha apane sahabhAvI guNa aura dharmoM ko bhI vyApta karatA hai / vizeSa bhI do prakAra kA hai - 1. tiryak vizeSa aura 2. UrdhvatA - vizeSa / eka kAla va eka kSetravartI aneka vibhinna padArthoM meM rahane vAlI vyaktigata pRthaktA tiryak vizeSa hai; jaise- aneka gauoM meM rahane vAlI anekatA, kyoMki 'yahA~ jo yaha gAya hai vahI yaha dUsarI nahIM hai' isa prakAra vyatirekI - pratyaya prApta hotA hai| 224 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #227
aneka kAlavartI va eka kSetravartI Age pIche hone vAlI eka hI dravya kI aneka paryAyoM meM rahane vAlI pRthaktA UrdhvatA-vizeSa hai| jaise-eka vyakti meM Age pIche udaya hone vAlA harSa va viSAda, kyoMki 'yahA~ bhI jo harSa kA svarUpa hai vahI viSAda kA nahIM hai' isa prakAra kA visadRza-pratyaya prApta hotA hai| AcArya mANikyanandi, anantavIrya, prabhAcandra Adi ne vizeSa ke paryAya aura vyatireka-isa prakAra se do bheda kiye haiN| eka dravya meM krama se hone vAle pariNAmoM ko paryAya kahate haiN| jaise-AtmA meM harSa-viSAda Adi pariNAma krama se hote haiM, ve hI paryAya haiN| ___eka padArtha kI apekSA anya padArtha meM rahane vAle visadRza pariNAma ko vyatireka kahate haiN| jaise-gAya, bhaiMsa Adi meM vilakSaNapanA pAyA jAtA hai| zrI vAdideva sUri ne vizeSa ke guNa aura paryAya isa prakAra do bheda kiye haiN|" sahabhAvI-sadA sAtha rahane vAle dharma ko guNa kahate haiN| eka dravya meM krama se hone vAle pariNAma ko paryAya kahate haiN| jaise-AtmA meM sukh-duHkhaadi| sadaiva dravya ke sAtha rahane vAle dharmoM ko guNa kahate haiN| jaise-AtmA meM jJAna aura darzana sadA rahate haiM, inakA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotA, ataeva ye AtmA ke guNa haiN| rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza sadaiva pudgala ke sAtha rahate haiM, pudgala se eka kSaNa ke lie bhI alaga nahIM hote, ataH rUpAdi pudgala ke guNa haiM / guNa-dravya kI bhA~ti anAdi ananta hote haiN| paryAya isase viparIta hai| yaha utpanna hotI rahatI hai aura naSTa bhI hotI rahatI hai| AtmA jaba manuSya bhava (paryAya) kA tyAgakara devabhava (paryAya) meM jAtA hai taba manuSya paryAya kA vinAza ho jAtA hai aura deva-paryAya kI utpatti ho jAtI hai| eka vastu kI eka paryAya kA nAza hone para usake sthAna para dUsarI paryAya utpanna hotI hai| ataeva paryAya ko kramabhAvI kahA hai| Upara kahA gayA hai ki pratyeka vastu sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka yA dravyaparyAyAtmaka hai, ataH sAmAnya yA dravyAMza kA grAhI dravyArthika naya hai aura vizeSa ' yA paryAyAMza kA grAhI paryAyArthika naya hai| vastu ke sAmAnya aura vizeSAMza para pUrNa vicAra kiyA jA cukA hai| aba dravya aura paryAya ke vyutpattiparaka lakSaNa vivecanIya 'dravya' zabda 'dru' (drav) dhAtu se 'ya' pratyaya karane para niSpanna hotA hai| 'dru' (drav) kA artha hai jAnA yA prApta krnaa| isa prakAra 'dravya' zabda kA vyutpatti paraka artha huA-jo una-una paryAyoM ko prApta hotA hai, prApta hogA aura prApta huA thA, nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 225 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #228
vaha dravya hai| deg isI prakAra dravya kA yaha vyutpattiparaka lakSaNa AcArya kundakunda, " pUjyapAdaAcArya devasena, 4 mAilla dhavala, 45 dhavalAkAra, 1 42 46 svAmI, 12 akalaMka deva, 43 jayadhavalAkAra +7 Adi ne bhI kiyA hai| 1 yaha 'dravya' hI jisakA artha (prayojana) ho, use dravyArthika naya kahate haiN| 48 dravya kA artha sAmAnya, abheda, anvaya aura utsarga bhI hai, isako viSaya karane vAlA naya dravyArthika naya hai 149 'paryAya' zabda 'pari' upasargapUrvaka 'iN' dhAtu se 'Na' pratyaya karane para siddha hotA hai| 'pari' upasarga kA artha hai 'kAlakRta bheda' aura 'iN' dhAtu kA artha hai 'gamana yA prApti' arthAt jo kAlakRta bheda ko prApta hotI hai yA jo saba ora se bheda ko prApta kare, use paryAya kahate haiM athavA jo svabhAva vibhAva rUpa se pUrI taraha dravya ko prApta hotI hai ve paryAya haiN| 'paryAya' zabda meM pari upasarga kA artha 'bheda' hai aura usase RjusUtra vacana arthAt vartamAna vacana kA viccheda jisa kAla meM hotA hai vaha kAla liyA gayA hai| RjusUtra kA viSaya vartamAna paryAya mAtra aura usake vacana ko viccheda rUpa kAla bhI vartamAna samaya mAtra hotA hai| isa prakAra jo vartamAna kAla eka samaya ko prApta hotI hai use paryAya kahate haiM" RjusUtra pratipAdaka vacanoM kA viccheda jisa kAla meM hotA hai vaha kAla jina nayoM kA mUla AdhAra hai, ve paryAyArthika naya haiM / viccheda athavA anta jisa kAla meM hotA hai usa kAla ko viccheda kahate haiN| vartamAna vacana ko RjusUtra vacana kahate haiM aura usake viccheda ko RjusUtra vacana viccheda kahate haiM / vaha RjusUtra ke pratipAdaka vacanoM kA viccheda rUpa kAla jina nayoM kA mUla AdhAra hai, unheM paryAyArthika naya kahate haiM arthAt RjusUtra ke pratipAdaka vacanoM ke viccheda rUpa samaya se lekara eka samayaparyanta vastu-sthiti kA nizcaya karane vAle paryAyArthika naya haiN| 3 ukta paryAya bhI jisa naya kA prayojana ho, use paryAyArthika naya kahate haiM / 4 paryAya kA artha vizeSa, bheda, vyatireka aura apavAda hai, isako viSaya karane vAlA naya paryAyArthika naya hai 155 isa prakAra ye dravyArthika aura paryArthika naya ke saiddhAntika aura vyutpattiparaka lakSaNa kiye gaye haiN| upari-vivecita kathana kA niSkarSa yahI hai ki dravya ko mukhya rUpa se grahaNa karane vAlA naya dravyArthika aura paryAya ko mukhya rUpa se grahaNa karane vAlA naya paryAyArthika naya hai arthAt jo paryAya ko gauNa karake aura dravya ko mukhya karake grahaNa karatA hai use dravyArthika naya kahate haiM aura jo dravya ko gauNa karake 226 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #229
aura paryAya ko mukhya karake grahaNa karatA hai use paryAyArthika naya kahate haiN| ataH dravyArthika naya kA viSaya dravya hai aura paryAyArthika naya kA viSaya paryAya hai| ____ jainadarzana ke anusAra jaisA ki Upara kahA jA cukA hai vastu dravya-paryAyAtmaka yA sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hai| dravya aura paryAya ko yA sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko dekhane vAlI do A~kheM haiM, dravyArthika naya aura paryAyArthika ny| paryAyArthika dRSTi ko sarvathA banda karake jaba kevala dravyArthika dRSTi se dekhate haiM to naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya, deva aura siddhatva paryAya rUpa vizeSoM meM vyavasthita eka jIva-sAmAnya ke hI darzana hone se saba jIva-dravya rUpa hI pratibhAsita hotA hai aura jaba dravyArthika dRSTi ko sarvathA banda karake kevala paryAyArthika dRSTi se dekhate haiM to jIva dravya meM vyavasthita naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya, deva, siddhatva paryAyoM ke pRthak-pRthak darzana hote haiM aura jaba dravyArthika tathA paryAyArthika dRSTiyoM ko eka sAtha khola kara dekhate haiM to naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya, deva aura siddhatva paryAyoM meM vyavasthita jIva dravya aura jIvadravya meM vyavasthita naraka, tiryaMca manuSya, deva aura siddhatva paryAya eka sAtha dikhAI detI haiN| ata: eka dRSTi se dekhanA eka deza ko dekhanA hai aura donoM dRSTiyoM se dekhanA saba vastu ko dekhanA hai| isa taraha vastu ko dekhane kI ye do dRSTiyA~ haiN| inhIM ko dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika naya kahate haiN| dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika naya ke bheda-prabheda-dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika ina donoM nayoM ke do-do bheda haiN| adhyAtma dravyArthika, adhyAtma paryAyArthika, zAstrIya dravyArthika aura zAstrIya pryaayaarthik| inameM se adhyAtma dravyArthika naya ke dasa bhedaM haiM" aura adhyAtma paryAyArthika naya ke chaha bheda haiN| zAstrIya dravyArthika naya ke tIna bheda haiM-naigama, saMgraha aura vyvhaar| naigama naya ke tIna bheda haiM bhUta, bhAvi aura vartamAna / saMgraha naya ke do bheda haiM-sAmAnya saMgraha aura vizeSa sNgrh| vyavahAra naya ke do bheda haiM-sAmAnya saMgrahabhedaka vyavahAra aura vizeSa saMgrahabhedaka vyvhaar| isa prakAra zAstrIya dravyArthika ke sAta bheda haiN| zAstrIya paryAyArthika ke cAra bheda haiM-RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta ny| inameM bhI RjusUtra naya ke do bheda haiM2- sUkSma RjusUtra aura sthUla Rjusuutr| zabda, samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta naya, inake eka-eka hI bheda haiN| upanayoM ke tIna bheda hai-sadbhUta, asadbhUta aura upcrit| inameM sadbhUta ke do bheda haiM, asadbhUta ke tIna bheda haiM aura upacarita ke bhI tIna bheda haiN| isa prakAra ukta nayoM ke kula chattIsa bheda haiN| nayoM ke ina bhedaprabhedoM se AcArya devasena, mAilla dhavala Adi sabhI sahamata haiN| sabhI ne ina nayoM nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 227 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #230
ke isI prakAra bheda-prabheda kiye haiN| tRtIya prakAra naigamAdi naya-vivecana-jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai 'jitane vacanamArga haiM utane hI naya haiM'65 kintu naigamAdi nayoM kA hI jainAgama granthoM meM savistara vivecana pAyA jAtA hai| sabhI naya pramANa ke samAna zrutajJAnAtmaka hote haiN| pramANajJAna vastugata eka guNa ke dvArA sampUrNa vastu kA kathana karatA hai; kyoMki pramANa ke viSayabhUta eka guNa kA arthagata aneka dharmoM ke sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha rahatA hai| pramANa ke dvArA jAne gaye artha ke eka deza ko jAnane vAle zrutajJAna vizeSa ko naya kahate haiN| isI prakAra naya ke anya lakSaNa bhI jainAcAryoM ne kiye haiM, kintu ina sabhI lakSaNoM kA abhiprAya eka hI hai| saMkSepa meM dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika ye do hI mUla naya haiN| jo vastu ke dravyAMza ko viSaya karatA hai vaha dravyArthika aura jo paryAya ko apanA viSaya banAtA hai vaha paryAyArthika naya hai| yaha saba Upara bhI kahA gayA hai| ina donoM nayoM ke hI bheda naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta ye sAta naya haiN| ina naigamAdi sAta nayoM meM se pahale tIna arthAt naigama, saMgraha aura vyavahAra ye dravyArthika arthAt dravyapradhAna naya haiM aura zeSa cAra arthAt RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta ye paryAyArthika arthAt paryAyapradhAna naya haiN| prathama tIna nayoM kA mUla kAraNa dravyArthika naya hai aura zeSa cAra nayoM kA mUla kAraNa paryAyArthika naya hai| ye naigamAdi sAta naya ina donoM nayoM ke vistAra rUpa hI haiN| vaise ati vistAra kI dRSTi se nayoM ke bheda saMkhyAta bhI hote haiN| ____ jJAnAdi tIna nayoM kI apekSA se ina sAta nayoM meM se Adi ke cAra nayoM ko arthAt naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra aura RjusUtra ko arthanaya kahate haiM, kyoMki ye artha kI pradhAnatA se vastu kA grahaNa karate haiM aura zabdapradhAna hone se zeSa tIna nayoM arthAta zabda, samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta ko zabdanaya kahate haiN| kintu itanA vizeSa samajhanA ki naigamanaya arthanaya hone ke sAtha-sAtha jJAnanaya bhI hai, ataH naigamanaya jJAnanaya bhI hai aura arthanaya bhI hai| yahA~ para yaha AzaMkA ho sakatI haiM ki 'guNaparyayavad dravyam'68 isa tattvArtha sUtra ke vacana ke anusAra jaba vastu tryaMzarUpa hai arthAt dravya, guNa, paryAya ina tInoM aMzoM se yukta aMzirUpa hai taba usako do aMza vAlI mAnakara dravyAMzagrAhI aura paryAyAMzagrAhI do nayoM ko hI kyoM mAnA gayA hai ? guNAMzagrAhI guNArthika naya ko 228 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #231
kyoM nahIM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ? 'vastu dravya-paryAyAtmaka hone se usake do hI aMza mAne gaye haiM; ata: do hI naya mAnanA ucita hai| yadi aisA kahA jAya to 'guNaparyayavad dravyam' isa sUtra ke dvArA vastu aMzatrayAtmaka kyoM batAyI gayI hai? ataH tIsarA guNArthika naya bhI mAnanA ucita hI hai? ___ yadyapi 'guNaparyayavad dravyam' isa vacana ke anusAra dravya kI aMzatrayAtmakatA pratibhAsita hone se ukta zaMkA kA prAdurbhAva honA svAbhAvika hai to bhI vaha ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki guNa sahabhAviparyAya hone se usakA paryAya-sAmAnya meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| paryAya ke sahabhAviparyAya aura kramabhAvi paryAya ye do vizeSa bheda haiN| ina donoM kA paryAya sAmAnya meM antarbhAva hotA hai| vizeSoM kA sAmAnya meM niyama se antarbhAva hotA hai; kyoMki sAmAnya ke abhAva meM vizeSoM kA sadbhAva honA asambhava hai| ata: jaba sahabhAvi paryAya rUpa guNa kA paryAya sAmAnya meM antarbhAva hotA hai taba vastu kI aMzadvayAtmatA siddha ho jAtI hai aura vastu kI aMzadvayAtmakatA kI siddhi ho jAne se pratyeka azaM ko jAnane vAlI naya kI bhI dvividhatA bhI siddha ho jAtI hai| eka naya dravyamUlaka hotA hai aura dUsarA paryAya-mUlaka hotA hai| dravyamUlaka naya dravyArthika naya kahA jAtA hai aura paryAyamUlaka naya paryAyArthika naya kahA jAtA hai| ataH guNamUlaka tIsarA guNArthika naya kA sadbhAva honA asambhava hai| ataH mUlanaya do hI haiM aura ye hI naigamAdi nayoM ke mUla kAraNa haiM, tIsarA guNArthika naya naigamAdi nayoM kA mUla kAraNa nahIM ho sktaa| yadi sahabhAvi paryAya rUpa hone se guNa kA paryAyArthika naya meM antarbhAva hone para bhI guNArthika naya ko eka alaga naya bheda mAnA jAya to zuddha dravyArthika naya kA dravyArthika naya sAmAnya meM antarbhAva hone para zuddha dravyArthika naya ko bhI eka alaga-naya bheda kyoM na mAnA jAye? ataH do hI naya mAnanA ucita hai| ye do hI naya naigamAdi nayoM ke mUla kAraNa mAnane yogya haiN| (1) naigamanaya-jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai naigamanaya jJAnanaya bhI aura aura arthanaya bhI hai| ataH isa naya ke do lakSaNa kiye gaye haiM-eka jJAnanaya kI apekSA se aura dUsarA arthanaya kI apekSA se| jJAnanaya kI apekSA se pahalA lakSaNa to 'naigama' zabda kI vyutpatti ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai-'ni' upasargapUrvaka 'gam' dhAtu se ac' pratyaya karane para 'nigama' zabda banatA hai, jisakA artha hai saMkalpa yA vikalpa aura 'nigama' zabda ke kuzala yA bhava artha meM aNa' pratyaya karane para 'naigama' zabda kI siddhi hotI hai| isakA artha hai saMkalpa krnaa| vAstava meM nigama' zabda kA artha hai 'andara se bAhara nikalanA' / jJAna meM se nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 229 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #232
svayaM phUTakara bAhara nikalanA nigama kahalAtA hai| arthAt zAnta va sthira jJAna meM sahasA jo vikalpa utpanna hotA hai, use nigama kahate haiN| usa nigama yA vikalpa athavA saMkalpa meM jo rahe yA usase utpanna ho use naigamanaya kahate haiN| isa prakAra naigama naya saMkalpa mAtra ko grahaNa karatA hai| yaha saMkalpa sat padArtha sambandhI bhI ho sakatA hai aura asat padArtha sambandhI bhii| sat padArtha sambandhI jJAna to sarva sammata hai hii| jaise ki manuSya tathA vRkSAdi sambandhI jJAna, parantu asat padArtha sambandhI jJAna bhI asiddha nahIM hai| bhale hI AkAza puSpa kI mAlA kI sattA loka meM na ho para saMkalpa jJAna usako bhI gUMthane meM samartha hai| bhale hI gadhe ke sIMga na hote hoM para jJAna meM sIMga vAle gadhe kI kalpanA honA bhI sambhava hai| artha naya to kevala sattA bhUta padArtha ko hI jAna sakatA hai, parantu jJAna yA naigamanaya kA vyApAra uparyukta prakAra se asat padArtha meM bhI hotA hai| ukta saMkalpoM ko pramANabhUta aura apramANabhUta bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| sattAdhArI kisI padArtha ke sambandha meM hone vAlA saMkalpa pramANabhUta hai, jaise rAjakumAra meM rAjApane kA saMkalpa athavA rAjabhraSTa vyaktiyoM meM rAjApane kA saMkalpa athavA nATaka ke kisI pAtra meM rAjApane kA saMkalpa athavA khar3AU~ yA rAjamudrA Adi meM rAjA kA sNklp| asat padArtha ke sambandha meM hone vAlA saMkalpa apramANabhUta hai jaise-'bandhyA-putra' ke lie 'AkAza-puSpa' kI mAlA gUMthane kA saMkalpa athavA sIMga vAle ghor3e para savArI karane kA saMkalpa athavA svapna kI anekoM UTapaTAMga bAtoM ke sambandha meM vicArane kA sNklp| bhale hI kAma karanA abhI prArambha na kiyA ho para citta meM use karane kA saMkalpa mAtra prakaTa ho jAne para vaha kArya jisa dRSTi meM nizcita rUpa se samApta hone ke samAna pratibhAsita hone lagatA hai, vahI naigamanaya hai| jaise abhI meraTha nahIM gaye para meraTha jAne kA vicAra karane para 'maiM meraTha jA rahA hU~' aisA kahane kA vyavahAra hotA hai| isa prakAra saMkalpa mAtra ke dvArA bhUtakAlIna vastu ko athavA bhaviSyat kAlIna vastu ko vartamAnavat dekhA jA sakatA hai aura isI prakAra apramANabhUta kAlpanika bAtoM ko bhI jJAna ke vikalpa meM sat svarUpavat dekhA jA sakatA hai| ina pramANabhUta va apramANabhUta donoM prakAra ke viSayoM ko sat svarUpa dekhanA naigamanaya kA lakSaNa hai| isI prakAra cAvaloM ko nApakara letI huI strI ke pUchane para ki tuma kyA kara rahI ho? to vaha uttara detI hai ki maiM bhAta banA rahI huuN| tathA kulhAr3A lekara jAte hue vyakti se pUchane para ki tuma kahA~ jA rahe ho? to vaha uttara detA hai ki maiM 'hala' lene jA rahA huuN| inameM pahalI kA uttara to cAvaloM kI bhaviSyakAla meM utpanna hone vAlI bhAta rUpa paryAya kI apekSA se hai aura dUsare 230 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #233
kA uttara lakar3I kI hala rUpa bhAvi paryAya kI apekSA se hai / kintu usa samaya na to kahIM bhAta hai aura na hala, kintu una donoM kA bhAta aura hala banAne kA saMkalpa mAtra hai, usa saMkalpa meM hI ye bhAta yA hala kA vyavahAra karate haiM / isa prakAra aniSpanna artha ke saMkalpa mAtra kA grAhaka naigamanaya hai yA yoM kahie ki jitanA lokavyavahAra aniSpanna artha ke avalambana se saMkalpa mAtra ko viSaya karatA hai vaha saba naigamanaya kA viSaya hai| 70 arthanaya kI apekSA se naigamanaya kA dUsarA lakSaNa 'na ekaM gamaH naigamaH' jo eka ko hI prApta nahIM hotA hai isa vyutpatti ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai; jisakA artha hotA hai jo eka ko hI viSaya na kare, bheda aura abheda donoM ko viSaya kare vaha naigamanaya hai arthAt jo dharma aura dharmI meM se eka ko hI nahIM jAnatA hai, kintu gauNa aura mukhya rUpa se dharma aura dharmI donoM ko hI viSaya karatA hai use naigamanaya kahate haiN| jaise--jIva amUrta hai, jJAtA, draSTA hai| yahA~ pradhAna rUpa se jIvatva kA nirUpaNa karane para jJAnAdi yA sukhAdi dharma gauNa ho jAte haiM aura jJAnAdi guNoM kA nirUpaNa karane para Atmadravya gauNa ho jAtA hai| yaha na kevala dharma ko hI grahaNa karatA hai aura na kevala dharmI ko hI, kintu vivakSAnusAra donoM hI isake viSaya hote haiN| bheda aura abheda donoM ko hI yaha jAnatA hai / do dharmoM meM se, donoM dharmiyoM meM se aura dharma tathA dharmI ina donoM meM se kevala eka ke prati gamana na karanA arthAt donoM meM se kisI eka kA hI pratipAdana na karanA kintu donoM kA hI mukhya aura gauNa rUpa se pratipAdana karanA yaha naigamanaya kA svarUpa hai / " yaha naya saMgraha naya ke viSaya abheda ko tathA vyavahAra naya ke viSaya bheda ko donoM ko hI yugapat kintu mukhya gauNa ke vikalpa se grahaNa karatA hai / saMgrahanaya anekoM meM anugata sAmAnya ko hI grahaNa karake vastu ko eka mAnatA hai aura vyavahAranaya usI vastu meM anekoM dravya, guNa, paryAya gata vizeSoM kA grahaNa karake use aneka rUpa mAnatA hai| jaise 'jIva eka . hai' yaha saMgrahanaya kA viSaya hai aura jIva do prakAra kA hai - 'saMsArI va mukta' yaha vyavahAra naya kA viSaya hai / parantu ina donoM nayoM ke viSayoM ko mukhya- gauNa bhAva se yugapat grahaNa karanA yaha naigamanaya kA viSaya hai / usameM kahIM saMgrahanaya kA abheda viSaya mukhya hotA hai to vyavahAranaya kA bheda viSaya gauNa ho jAtA hai| jaise--jo yaha saMsArI va mukta do prakAra kA kahA jA rahA hai vaha vAstava meM eka jIva hI hai / kahIM vyavahAranaya kA bheda viSaya mukhya ho jAtA hai aura saMgrahanaya kA abheda viSaya gauNa ho jAtA hai| jaise--yaha jo eka jIva kahA jA rahA hai vahI saMsArI va mukta ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| naigamanaya ke isa lakSaNa kA viSaya sattA bhUta padArtha hI I nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda - prabheda :: 231 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #234
hai; kyoMki yaha arthanaya hai| jo aneka mAnoM (jAnane kI vidhiyoM) se vastu ko jAnatA hai athavA aneka bhAvoM se vastu kA nirNaya karatA hai use bhI naigamanaya kahate nigama nAma janapada (deza) kA bhI hai| jisa deza meM jo zabda jisa artha ke lie niyata hai, vahA~ usa artha aura zabda ke sambandha ko jAnanA naigamanaya hai arthAt isa zabda kA yaha artha hai aura artha kA vAcaka yaha zabda hai| isa prakAra vAcyavAcaka ke sambandha kA jJAna naigamanaya hai| . naigamanaya padArtha ko sAmAnya, vizeSa aura ubhayAtmaka mAmatA hai| tInoM kAloM evaM cAroM nikSepoM ko mAnatA hai tathA dharma aura dharmI donoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| naigamanayAbhAsa:-dharma-dharmI yA guNa-guNI ko atyanta bhinna mAnanA naigama nayAbhAsa hai; kyoMki guNa guNI se pRthak apanI sattA nahIM rakhatA aura na hI guNI guNoM se pRthak apanA astitva rakha sakatA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra guNa-guNI, avayava-avayavI, kriyA-kriyAvAn tathA jAti-vyakti meM atyanta bheda mAnane vAlA nyAya-vaizeSika darzana naigamAbhAsI hai tathA jJAna aura sukhAdi ko AtmA se atyanta bhinna mAnane vAlA sAMkhyadarzana bhI naigamAbhAsI hai| yahA~ para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisa prakAra naigamanaya vastvaMzagrAhI hotA hai usI prakAra saMgraha aura vyavahAra naya bhI vastvaMzagrAhI hote haiN| ataH naigamanaya kA saMgraha yA vyavahAra naya meM antarbhAva kiyA jA sakatA hai isalie ise alaga se mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, kintu isa prakAra kA kathana ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki naigamanaya donoM aMzoM ko guNa pradhAna bhAva se jAnane vAlA hai, ata: isakA vastu ke eka mAtra aMza ko jAnane vAle saMgraha yA vyavahAranaya meM kaise antarbhAva kiyA jA sakatA hai? vastu ke donoM aMzoM ko grahaNa karane vAle naigamanaya kA viSaya jaba eka aMza ko jAnane vAle saMgraha naya yA vyavahAra naya ke viSaya se bar3A hai taba una donoM nayoM meM se kisI bhI eka naya meM naigamanaya kA antarbhAva kiyA jAnA asambhava hai| vastvaMzadvayagrAhI naigamanaya kA RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta naya, ina meM se kisI bhI eka naya meM antarbhAva nahIM kiyA jA sakatA; kyoMki RjusUtrAdi pratyeka naya vastu ke eka mAtra aMza ko grahaNa karane vAle hone se jisa prakAra naigamanaya kA saMgrahanaya meM athavA vyavahAranaya meM antarbhAva nahIM kiyA jA sakatA usI prakAra RjusUtrAdi nayoM meM bhI usakA antarbhAva nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ata: naigamanaya kA kisI bhI anya naya meM antarbhAva na hone se nayoM kI saMkhyA sAta hI hai, chaha nahIM ho sktii| 232 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #235
naigamanaya ke bheda-prabheda-naigamanaya bahuta vyApaka naya hai| ataH isakI vyApakatA ko darzAne ke lie isa naya kA vizleSaNa karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| isakA viSaya dravya, guNa va paryAya tInoM haiN| jAti va vyakti, zuddha va azuddha dravya, zuddha va azuddha paryAya, sthUla va sUkSma paryAya, artha va vyaMjana paryAya saba kucha isa naya ke peTa meM samAyA huA hai| ataH viSaya kI apekSA se isake anekoM bheda-prabheda ho jAte haiN| ___ sarvaprathama isake do bheda kiye gaye haiM-samagragrAhI aura deshgraahii| samagragrAhI naigamanaya sAmAnya aMza kA sahArA lekara pravRtta hotA hai| jaise'yahA~ ghar3A hai'| yahA~ kAlA-pIlA, choTA-bar3A Adi vizeSaNa na lagAkara sAmAnya rUpa se ghaTa mAtra kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| dezagrAhI naigamanaya vizeSa aMza kA sahArA lekara pravRtta hotA hai| jaise 'yaha ghar3A miTTI kA hai; 'kAlA hai' yA 'choTA hai'| yahA~ ghaTa kI vizeSa avasthAoM kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| kAla kI apekSA se naigamanaya ke tIna bheda haiM-bhUta-naigama, bhAvi-naigama aura vrtmaan-naigm| bhUta naigama-atIta kAla meM vartamAna kA saMkalpa karanA bhUta naigama hai| jaiseAja dIpAvalI ke dina 'bhagavAn mahAvIra mokSa gaye the|' Aja kA artha-vartamAna divasa hai| lekina usakA saMkalpa hajAroM varSa pahale ke dina meM kiyA gayA hai| mahAvIra jayantI, kRSNajanmASTamI, rAmanavamI Adi bhI isI ke udAharaNa haiN| ____ bhAvinaigama-bhaviSya meM bhUtakAla kA saMkalpa karanA athavA aniSpanna bhAvi padArtha ko niSpannavat kalpanA karanA bhAvi naigama naya hai| jaise-kulhAr3A lekara jAte hue vyakti se pUchane para vaha kaha detA hai ki prastha lene jA rahA huuN| yahA~ prastha paryAya abhI banI nahIM phira bhI kevala saMkalpa ke AdhAra para use banI huI kI taraha svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai| ___ vartamAna-naigama-koI kArya prArambha kara diyA gayA hai parantu vaha pUrNa na huA ho phira bhI use pUrNa huA kahanA vartamAna naigama hai| jaise rasoI ke prArambha meM hI kaha denA ki 'Aja to bhAta banAyA hai|' apekSA vizeSa se naigama naya ke (1) paryAya-naigama, (2) dravya-naigama aura (3) dravya-paryAya-naigama isa prakAra tIna bheda kiye gaye haiN| inameM se paryAya-naigama ke tIna bheda haiM, dravya-naigama ke do bheda haiM aura dravya-paryAya naigama ke cAra bheda haiN| isa prakAra naigama ke kula 9 bheda hote haiN| naigama ke nau bheda aura zeSa chaha naya milakara naya nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 233 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #236
ke kula pandraha bheda ho jAte haiM / (2) saMgraha - naya 4 - jo naya abheda rUpa se sampUrNa vastu samUha ko viSaya karatA hai vaha saMgraha na hai / yaha naya apanI jAti kA virodha na karate hue ekapane se samasta padArthoM ko grahaNa karatA hai / jaise- 'sat' kahane se sattA sambandha ke yogya dravya, guNa, karma Adi sabhI sad- vyaktiyoM kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai| 'dravya' kahane se sabhI dravyoM kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra 'ghaTa' kahane se sabhI prakAra ke ghar3oM kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai| yaha abheda grAhI tathA advaita darzAne vAlA hai| isI taraha vizeSa se rahita sattA (dravyatvAdi sAmAnya) mAtra ko grahaNa karane vAlA hai / athavA. piNDita arthAt eka jAti rUpa sAmAnya artha ko viSaya karane vAlA hai| yaha naya vizeSa (bheda) ko chor3akara sAmAnya dravyatva ko grahaNa karatA hai| eka jAti meM Ane vAlI samasta vastuoM meM ekatA lAnA isakA abhiprAya hai| yaha eka zabda kahane para usase sambandha rakhane vAle sabhI padArthoM kA grahaNa kara letA hai| jaise- 'roTI lAo' kahane para roTI, zAka, cAvala, dAla Adi samasta bhojana-sAmagrI upasthita kara dI jAtI hai| saMgraha naya ke do bheda haiM- parasaMgraha aura aparasaMgraha / parasaMgraha - parasaMgrahanaya sAmAnya grAhaka hai arthAt sattAmAtra ko grahaNa karatA hai / 'dravya' zabda se yaha jIva- ajIva kA bheda na karake sarbhI dravyoM ko grahaNa kara letA hai| parasaMgrahanayAbhAsa" - saMgrahanaya ke viSaya bhUta padArthoM ke jo vizeSa dharma hote haiM ve gauNa banAye jAte haiM, unakA nirAkaraNa (abhAva) nahIM kiyA jaataa| yadi una padArthoM ke vizeSoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai to ye svajAti se cyuta ho jAe~ge aura unameM hone vAle kathaMcit bheda kA abhAva ho jaaegaa| kathaMcit bheda kA abhAva ho jAne para unake sarvathA abheda kI ( ekatva kI ) siddhi ho jaaegii| unake sarvathA ekatva kI siddhi ho jAne para saMgrahanaya kI sabhI padArthoM kI kathaMcit ekatA ko grahaNa karanA rUpa artha kriyA kA abhAva ho jAegA aura usake abhAva meM saMgraha naya kAhI abhAva mAnanA pdd'egaa| sabhI padArthoM ke vizeSoM kA nirAkaraNa karake sattA mAtra dharma se advaita kI siddhi pratyakSAdi pramANoM se bAdhita ho jAtI hai / ataH sabhI padArthoM ke vizeSoM ko nirAkaraNa kara dene para parasaMgraha kI siddhi na hokara parasaMgrahAbhAsa kI hI siddhi ho jAtI hai / padArthoM ke vizeSoM kA nirAkaraNa karane vAle kapiloM kA mahAsAmAnya, vaiyAkaraNoM kA zabdAdvaita vedAntiyoM kA brahmAdvaita, bauddhoM kA vijJAnAdvaita Adi sabhI advaitavAda parasaMgrahAbhAsa ke hI rUpa haiM 1 234 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #237
aparasaMgraha-aparasaMgraha naya kevala apane viSayabhUta dravyavizeSa kA hI grahaNa karatA hai| jaise-'jIva' kahane se mAtra jIvoM kA grahaNa hogA, ajIvoM kA nhiiN| aparasaMgrahanayAbhAsa-'jina dravyoM meM dravyatva-sAmAnya Azrita hotA hai, una dravyoM se dravyatva ekAnta rUpa se abhinna hai; kyoMki dravyatva sAmAnya se bhinna dravyoM kA sadbhAva nahIM pAyA jAtA, unakA abhAva hI hotA hai|' isa prakAra mAnane se aparasaMgrahanaya AbhAsa rUpa hI bana jAtA hai; kyoMki aisA mAnanA pratItiviruddha hai| laukika vyavahAra meM dravyatva-sAmAnya aura dravya inameM kathaMcit bheda bhI pAyA jAtA hai| 'paryAyatva sAmAnya paryAyoM se kadApi bhinna nahIM hotA-vaha paryAyAtmaka hI hotA hai; kyoMki paryAyatva-sAmAnya se bhinna paryAyoM kA astitva nahIM raha sktaa| usa kAraNa se hI paryAyatva-sAmAnya paryAyavyaktyAtmaka hotA hai|' isa prakAra mAnane se aparasaMgrahanaya AbhAsarUpa bana jAtA hai| usI prakAra jIvatva sAmAnya jIvavyaktyAtmaka hI hotA hai , pudgalatva-sAmAnya pudgalavyaktyAtmaka hI hotA hai, dharmatva-sAmAnya dharmadravyavyaktyAtmaka hI hotA hai, adharmatva-sAmAnya adharmadravyavyaktyAtmaka hI hotA hai, AkAzatva-sAmAnya AkAzadravyavyaktyAtmaka hI hotA hai aura kAlatva samAnya kAlAtmaka hI hotA hai| aisI mAnyatAoM se aparasaMgrahanaya AbhAsarUpa bana jAte haiN| apara sAmAnya kA vyakti ke sAtha arthAt vizeSa ke sAtha sarvathA abheda mAnA jAegA to aparasAmAnya kA abhAva ho jAegA' kyoMki vaha vizeSa meM vilIna ho jAne para hI vizeSa se sarvathA abhinna ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra aparasAmAnya kA abhAva ho jAne para vizeSa kA bhI abhAva ho jAne kA prasaMga khar3A ho jAtA hai; kyoMki 'nirvizeSaM hi sAmAnyaM bhavet khrvissaannvt| sAmAnyarahitatvAcca vizeSastadvadeva hi|| isa vacana ke anusAra aura pratIti ke anusAra akele arthAt sAmAnya-rahita vizeSa kA sadbhAva nahIM raha sktaa| isI prakAra sAmAnya aura vizeSa inameM sarvathA bheda mAnane para bhI donoM kA abhAva ho jAne kA prasaMga upasthita ho jAtA hai; kyoMki donoM kA eka dUsare ke abhAva meM astitva hI nahIM bana sktaa| ... sArAMza yaha hai ki sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko sarvathA abhinna mAnane para aura sarvathA bhinna mAnane para bhI donoM kA abhAva ho jAne kA prasaMga upasthita ho jAne se aparasaMgraha naya nayAbhAsa ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra kramabhAviparyAya sAmAnya kramabhAvi paryAya vizeSa se sarvathA abhinna aura sahabhAvi guNasAmAnya sahabhAvi nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 235 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #238
guNavizeSa se sarvathA abhinna mAnane se aparasaMgrahanaya AbhAsarUpa ho jAtA hai, kyoMki pratIti kA ullaMghana ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra uttarottara dravyasAmAnya kA . dravyavyakti vizeSoM se, paryAya-sAmAnya kA paryAya vizeSa se sarvathA abheda mAnane se arthAt kathaMcit bheda na mAnane se aparasaMgraha naya saMgrahAbhAsa rUpa hI ho jAtA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki 'sAmAnya aura vizeSa inameM sarvathA bheda yA sarvathA abheda hotA hai', yaha mAnyatA pramANaviruddha hai| inameM kathaMcit abheda aura kathaMcit bheda mAnanA hI pramANasiddha hai| (3) vyavahAranaya -'vizeSeNa vidhipUrvakamavaharaNaM pRthakkaraNaM vyavahAraH' parasaMgraha naya ke dvArA gRhIta kiye gaye arthoM kA vidhipUrvaka pRthakkaraNa arthAt vibhAga karanA vyavahAra hai| yaha aneka prakAra kA hotA hai| yaha parasaMgrahanaya ke dvArA saMgRhIta arthoM kA RjusUtranaya ke viSayabhUta sUkSma paryAya taka vibhAga karatA jAtA hai| parasaMgraha naya jo sat hotA hai usakA saMgraha karatA hai, vyavahAra isa saMgraha naya ke dvArA gRhIta arthoM kA artha-paryAya taka vibhAjana karatA jAtA hai| 'sat' utpAdavyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka vastu hai| usa vastu ke dravya aura paryAya ina aMzoM ko vyavahAra naya vibhAjita karatA hai| aparasaMgraha dravyatvarUpa sAmAnya ke dvArA sabhI dravyoM kA saMgraha karatA hai aura paryAya rUpa sAmAnya ke dvArA sabhI paryAyoM kA saMgraha karatA hai| vyavahAra naya dravyasAmAnya kA jo dravya hai vaha jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla chaha prakAra kA hai' isaprakAra vibhAjana karatA hai aura jo paryAya hai usakA kramabhAvi-paryAya aura sahabhAvi-paryAya ke rUpa se dvi prakAraka vibhAjana karatA hai| aparasaMgraha jIva, pudgala Adi chahoM dravyoM ko grahaNa karatA hai, kramabhAvi-paryAyatva sAmAnya kA avalambana lekara sabhI kramabhAvi paryAyoM ko grahaNa karatA hai aura sahabhAvi paryAyatva sAmAnya kA avalambana lekara sabhI sahabhAvi paryAyoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| saMgrahanaya saMgRhIta ina arthoM kA vyavahAranaya vibhAjana karatA hai| jaisejIvadravya sAmAnya ke mukta aura saMsArI isaprakAra, pudgala dravya sAmAnya ke aNu aura skaMdha isaprakAra gati hetutva-sAmAnya aise dharma dravya ke jIvagati hetu aura pudgalagati hetu isaprakAra, adharmAstikAya ke jIvasthiti hetu aura pudgalasthiti hetu isaprakAra vyavahAra naya bheda karatA hai| usI prakAra jo AkAza hai usake lokAkAza aura alokAkAza isaprakAra, tathA jo kAla hai usake mukhya kAla aura vyavahAra kAla isaprakAra, jo kramabhAvI paryAya hai usake kriyArUpa aura akriyA rUpa isaprakAra, vizeSa jo sahabhAvI paryAya hai usake guNa aura sadRzapariNAma rUpa sAmAnya isaprakAra apara saMgrahoM ke dvArA gRhIta viSayoM ke vibhAjana kA vistAra hai| vyavahAra-naya kA 236 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #239
viSayabhUta yaha vistAra parasaMgraha se lekara RjusUtra taka hotA hai, kyoMki sabhI vastue~ kathaMcit sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hotI haiN| isa prakAra yaha vyavahAra - naya naigamarUpa nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki yaha saMgraha ke viSaya kA vibhAjana karane vAlA hai aura naigamanaya sarvatra do dharmoM ko yA do dharmiyoM ko athavA dharma aura dharmI ina donoM ko guNa - pradhAna bhAva se apanA viSaya banAtA hai / vyavahAranayAbhAsa"-jo vastu ke dravyaparyAya vibhAga ko kAlpanika mAnatA hai vaha vyavahAranayAbhAsa; kyoMki vastu ke dravyaparyAyarUpa vibhAga kA kAlpanikatva pramANabAdhita hai| vastu kA dravya aura paryAya yaha vibhAga kalpanAropita hI hai, aisA nahIM hai / vastu kI kathaMcit nityatA kI siddhi karanA rUpa arthakriyA kA hetu dravya vibhAga hai aura kathaMcit anityatA kI siddhi karanA rUpa arthakriyA kA hetu paryAya vibhAga hai| yadi vastu ke isa vibhAga ko kAlpanika arthAt mithyA mAnA jAya to arthakriyAoM kI siddhi nahIM ho sktii| vaMdhyA ke putra kA abhAva hone para jisa prakAra vaMzavRddhi nahIM hotI usI prakAra dravya - vibhAga aura paryAya vibhAga kA abhAva hone para ukta arthakriyAe~ nahIM ho sktiiN| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki dravya - paryAya vibhAga rUpa vyavahAra ko mithyA mAnA jAye to vyavahAra kI anukUlatA se banane vAlI pramANoM kI pramANatA nahIM bnegii| yadi ukta vibhAgarUpa vyavahAra mithyA hone para bhI 'pramANoM' kI pramANatA siddha ho sakatI hai; aisA mAnA jAya to svapnAdi vibhramarUpa vyavahAra kI anukUlatA se bhI pramANoM kI apramANatA kA prasaMga A jaaegaa| ata: dravyaparyAyarUpa vibhAga kI satyatA kA abhAva hone para vyavahAranaya AbhAsarUpa ho jAtA hai| cArvAkadarzana vAstavika dravyaparyAya ke bheda ko svIkAra nahIM karatA, kintu avAstavika bhUtacatuSTaya ko svIkara karatA hai / ataH cArvAkadarzana vyavahAranayAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra sautrAntika kA jar3a yA cetana sabhI padArthoM ko sarvathA kSaNika, niraMza aura paramANurUpa mAnanA, yogAcAra kA kSaNika avibhAgI vijJAnAdvaita mAnanA, mAdhyAmika kA nirAlambana jJAna yA sarvazUnyatA svIkAra karanA pramANa virodhI aura lokavyahAra meM visaMvAdaka hone se vyavahAra-nayAbhAsa hai (4) RjusUtra - Rju zabda kA artha sarala yA sIdhA hotA hai aura 'sUtra' kA artha dhAgA yA DorA hotA hai / jo sarala yA sIdhe artha ko grahaNa kare athavA jo sIdhe DhaMga se vastu ko muktAphala kI taraha eka sUtra (dhAge) meM piroe, vaha zrutajJAna vizeSa RjusUtra naya kahalAtA hai / yaha isakA vyutpattiparaka artha hai / nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 237 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #240
RjusUtranaya bhUta aura bhaviSya kI upekSA karake dravya kI vartamAna sarala paryAya (avasthA) ko grahaNa karatA hai| vartamAna meM yadi AtmA sukha kA anubhava karatA hai / to yaha naya use sukhI kahegA aura bAhya rUpa se aneka prakAra kI anukUlatA hone para bhI yadi AtmA meM kisI prakAra kA kheda vidyamAna hai to yaha naya use duHkhI khegaa| ___ vyavahAra meM sAdhu kA veza dhAraNa karane para bhI yadi kisI kA mana sAMsArika viSayoM meM lagA ho to yaha naya usa samaya use sAdhu nahIM maantaa| isI prakAra sAmAyika, bhakti Adi ke viSaya ko lekara bhI samajhanA caahie.| bAstava meM yaha naya vartamAna samayavartI paryAya ko hI grahaNa karatA hai| isake anusAra vastu kI atIta paryAya to naSTa ho cukI hai aura anAgata paryAya abhI hai hI nhiiN| isalie na atIta paryAya se kAma calatA hai aura na bhAvi paryAya se lokavyavahAra calatA hai| kAma to vartamAna paryAya se hI calatA hai| ata: yaha naya vartamAna kSaNavartI zuddha artha paryAya (ekasamayavartI vartamAna paryAya) ko hI viSaya karatA hai| trikAlAtIta dravya kI vivakSA nahIM karatA hai| yaha to sarala sUta kI taraha kevala vartamAna paryAya ko spaSTa karatA hai| sambhavataH koI yaha kahe ki isa taraha se to saba vyavahAra kA lopa ho jAegA; kyoMki jise hamane karja diyA thA vaha to atIta ho cukA, aba hama rupayA kisase leMge? kintu bAta aisI nahIM hai| lokavyavahAra saba nayoM se calatA hai, eka hI naya ko pakar3a kara baiTha jAne se lokavyavahAra nahIM cala sakatA hai| hameM abhiprAya ko samajhanA caahie| yadyapi isaprakAra ke ekatva kA grahaNa kucha aTapaTA sA pratIta hotA hai aura samasta vyavahAra kA lopa karatA huA pratIta hotA hai, parantu sUkSma dRSTi se tattva kA nirIkSaNa karane vAle ke lie na yaha aTapaTA hai aura na vyavahAra kA lopa karane vaalaa| usa sUkSmadRSTi vAle kA lakSya laukika vyavahAra para hai hI nahIM, ataH vaha vyavahAra usakI dRSTi meM bhramamAtra hai| aTapaTA isalie nahIM mAlUma par3atA ki usa prakAra se dekhane para vastu vaisI hI dikhAI avazya detI hai| kucha viSaya to RjusUtra naya kA aisA hai, jisakA varNana abhI Age kiyA jAegA aura jise jAnakara hama Azcaryacakita hoNge| jaise kauvA kAlA nahIM hotA, palAla jalatI nahIM, bAlaka bUr3hA nahIM huA aadi| kintu sUkSmadRSTi yA sApekSa dRSTi se vicAra karane para Azcarya kI koI bAta nahIM, vastu kA svarUpa hI aisA hai aura isa naya kA viSaya bhI aisA hI hai| yaha naya zuddha vartamAnakAlIna eka kSaNavartI paryAya mAtra ko viSaya karatA hai| isa naya kA viSaya pacyamAna bhI aMzata: pakva, bhujyamAna 238 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #241
bhukta, kriyamANa kRta, baddhyamAna baddha, niSpadyamAna niSpanna aura siddhayat siddha Adi rUpa hai| isa naya ke anusAra jisa samaya prastha se dhAnyAdi mApA jAtA hai usI samaya use prastha kahate haiN| vartamAna meM atIta aura anAgata dhAnya kA mApa to sambhava nahIM hai| isa naya kI dRSTi meM kumbhakAra vyavahAra bhI nahIM bana sakatA; kyoMki zivika Adi paryAyoM ke nirmANa taka to use kumbhakAra kaha nahIM sakate aura ghaTa paryAya ke samaya apane avayavoM se svayaM hI ghaTa bana jAtA hai taba use kumbhakAra kaise kahA jAya ? sahakArI kAraNa niSphala hai; kyoMki eka upAdAna se hI kArya kI siddhi hotI 1 hai / Thahare hue kisI puruSa se yaha prazna bhI nahIM ho sakatA ki 'kahA~ se A rahe ho' kyoMki jisa samaya prazna kiyA gayA usa samaya Agamana rUpa kriyA nahIM pAI hai| RsUna kI dRSTi meM vaha jitane AkAza deza meM sthita hai vahI usakA nivAsasthAna hai athavA vaha apane jisa AtmasvarUpa meM sthita hai usI meM usakA nivAsa hai / isa naya kI dRSTi se 'grAmanivAsa', 'gRhanivAsa', 'AzramanivAsa' Adi vyavahAra nahIM bana sakatA / isa naya kI dRSTi meM 'kAka kRSNa hotA hai' yaha vyavahAra bhI nahIM bana sakatA; kyoMki jo kRSNa hai vaha kRSNarUpa hI hai, kAkarUpa nahIM hai / yadi kRSNa ko kAka rUpa mAnA jAya to bhramara Adi ko bhI kAka rUpa mAnanA pdd'egaa| kAka bhI kRSNa rUpa nahIM hai, kAka bhI kAka rUpa hI hai; kyoMki yadi kAka ko kRSNa rUpa mAnA jAve to kAka ke pIle pitta, sapheda haDDI aura lAla rudhira Adi ko bhI kRSNa rUpa mAnanA pdd'egaa| isa naya kI dRSTi meM palAla - dAha bhI nahIM hotA; kyoMki agni kA jalanA use dhauMkanA aura jalAnA Adi aneka samaya kI kriyAe~ vartamAna kSaNa meM nahIM ho sktiiN| jisa samaya dAha hai usa samaya palAla nahIM aura jisa samaya palAla hai usa samaya dAha nahIM, taba palAla dAha kaisA ? jo 'palAla hai vaha jalatA hai' aisA bhI nahIM kaha sakate; kyoMki bahuta-sA palAla binA jalA huA par3A hai| . isa naya kI dRSTi se samAnAdhikaraNa, bandhya-bandhaka bhAva, vadhya - ghAtakabhAva, dAhya-dAhakabhAva, vizeSaNa - vizeSyabhAva, grAhya-grAhaka bhAva, vAcya - vAcaka bhAva Adi kucha bhI nahIM banatA, kyoMki ye saba do padArthoM se sambandha rakhate haiM, para yaha naya do padArthoM ke sambandha ko svIkAra nahIM karatA / saMyoga sambandha aura samavAya sambandha bhI isa naya meM nahIM banatA; kyoMki saMyoga sambandha do meM aura samavAya sambandha bhI kathaMcit do meM hotA hai, para jaba isa naya kA viSaya do nahIM hai to do nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 239 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #242
meM rahane vAlA sambandha isakA viSaya kaise ho sakatA hai ? isalie sajAtIya aura vijAtIya donoM prakAra kI upAdhiyoM se rahita kevala zuddha paramANu hI isa naya kA viSaya hai ata: jo stambhAdi rUpa skandhoM kA pratyaya hotA hai vaha RjusUtra naya kI dRSTi meM bhrAnta hai| koI kisI se samAna nhiiN| paramANu niravayava hai; kyoMki paramANu paramANu na raha kara skandha ho jaaegaa| yaha naya pratyeka vastu ko niraMza rUpa se hI svIkAra karatA hai| yahA~ isa naya kA viSaya jo zuddha paramANu kahA hai usakA artha paramANu dravya nahIM lenA cAhie; kintu niraMza aura santAnarUpa dharma se rahita zuddha eka paryAya mAtra lenA caahie| isa prakAra jaba isakA viSaya zuddha niraMza paryAya-mAtra hai to do meM rahane vAlA sadRza pariNAma isakA viSaya kabhI bhI nahIM ho sakatA hai| yaha naya dravyagata bheda ko grahaNa na karake kAlabheda se vastu ko grahaNa karatA hai| isalie jaba taba dravyagata bhedoM kI mukhyatA rahatI hai taba taka vyavahAra naya kI pravRtti hotI hai aura jaba se kAlanimittaka bheda prArambha ho jAtA hai| taba se RjusUtra kA prArambha hotA hai| yahA~ kAla-bheda se vastu kI vartamAna paryAya mAtra kA grahaNa kiyA hai| atIta aura anAgata paryAyoM ke vinaSTa aura anutpanna hone ke kAraNa RjusUtra naya ke dvArA unakA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai| yadyapi zabda, samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta ye tInoM naya bhI vartamAna paryAya ko hI viSaya karate haiM, parantu ve zabda bheda se vartamAna paryAya ko grahaNa karate haiM; isalie unakA viSaya RjusUtra se sUkSma, sUkSmatara aura sUkSmatama mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra RjusUtra naya tattva ko kevala vartamAna kAlarUpa se svIkAra karatA hai aura bhUtakAla tathA bhaviSyat kAlarUpa se svIkAra nahIM karatA arthAt yaha naya zuddha vartamAna kAlIna ekakSaNavartI paryAya-mAtra ko viSaya karatA hai| ___RjusUtra nayAbhAsa-bauddhoM kA kSaNika vAda yA paryAyavAda hI RjusUtra nayAbhAsa hai; kyoMki kSaNikavAdI bauddha darzana dravya kI sattA mAnane se sarvathA niSedha karatA hai, usakA sarvathA apalApa karatA hai aura kevala paryAya ko hI apane dRSTikoNa meM rakhatA hai, kintu paryAyoM meM anusyUta anvayI dravya nahIM maantaa| ataeva yaha naya AbhAsarUpa hai| RjusUtra naya ke bheda2-isake do bheda haiM-(1) sUkSma RjusUtra naya, aura (2) sthUla RjusUtra ny| ___ sUkSma RjusUtra naya--jo dravya meM eka samayavartI sUkSma kintu dhruvatva paryAya ko arthAt dravya kI kevala eka samaya pramANa sthiti ko grahaNa karatA hai vaha sUkSma RjusUtra hai| jaise-sabhI hI zabda kSaNika haiM, aisA khnaa| yaha naya vastu kI eka samaya mAtra kI vartamAna paryAya ko grahaNa karatA hai| artha paryAya ko viSaya karane vAlA 240 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #243
zuddha RjusUtra naya pratyeka kSaNa meM pariNamana karane vAle samasta padArthoM ko viSaya karatA huA, apane viSaya se sAdRzya-sAmAnya aura tadbhAvarUpa sAmAnya ko dUra karane vAlA sUkSma-paryAya pramANa sattA ko grahaNa karane ke kAraNa isa naya kA sUkSma RjusUtra nAma sArthaka hai; kyoMki sUkSma artha paryAya ke ekatva meM anya kisI bhI paryAya kA kisI prakAra bhI sammela sambhava nahIM; isalie ise hI zuddha RjusUtra yA parama paryAyArthika naya bhI kahate haiN| yahI isa naya kA kAraNa hai| vartamAna meM jo manuSyAdi paryAya sthUla dRSTi se badalatI huI dikhAI detI hai vaha vastubhUta nahIM hai; kyoMki svatantra rUpa se vaha koI pRthak eka paryAya nahIM hai, balki anekoM sUkSma artha paryAyoM kA eka piNDa hai| vastubhUta to vaha sUkSma artha paryAya hai jo dRSTi meM nahIM AtI, parantu isa sthUla paryAya kI kAraNa hai| yaha batAnA isa naya kA prayojana hai| sthUla RjusUtra naya4-jo aneka samayoM kI vartamAna paryAya ko grahaNa karatA hai vaha sthUla RjusUtra naya kahalAtA hai| jaise sau varSa se kucha adhika manuSya pryaay| yaha naya apanI-apanI sthiti pramANa kAla meM vartamAna arthAt janma se maraNa paryanta manuSyAdi paryAyoM ko utane kAla taka ke lie Tikane vAlA eka svatantra padArtha mAnatA hai| eka samaya mAtra kAla meM pramANa sthAyI vastu kI paryAya ko jo svatantra sattA ke rUpa meM dekhatA hai vaha sUkSma RjusUtra hai| isI prakAra varSa Adi sthUla kAla pramANa sthAyI vastu kI paryAya ko jo svatantra sattA ke rUpa meM dekhatA hai vaha sthUla RjusUtra ... sthUla samaya ko viSaya karane ke kAraNa isakA nAma sthUla paryAyArthika naya hai| aura vaha sthUla samaya yA vyaMjana paryAya vartamAna kAla rUpa yA eka paryAya svarUpa : grahaNa karane meM AtI hai| isalie RjusUtra hai| ataH 'sthUla RjusUtra naya' aisA isakA nAma sArthaka hai| isI ko azuddha RjusUtranaya bhI kahate haiN| ___ kSaNika sUkSma artha paryAya pramANa koI bhI sat apratyakSa hone ke kAraNa vyavahAra koTi meM nahIM A sktaa| vaha loka meM kisI bhI artha kriyA kI siddhi karatA pratIta nahIM hotaa| ataH vyaMjana paryAya pramANa hI padArtha ko svIkAra karanA yogya hai| ataH sthUla padArthoM kI ekatA darzAkara laukika vyavahAra ko sambhava banAnA isa naya kA prayojana hai| (5) zabdanaya aura zabdanayAbhAsa-jo naya zabda arthAt vyAkaraNa se nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 241 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #244
prakRti aura pratyaya ke dvArA siddha arthAt niSpanna zabda ko mukhyakara viSaya karatA hai vaha zabda naya hai| yahA~ 'zabda' kI vyutpatti kI gayI hai ki 'zapatyarthamAhvayati. pratyAyayatIti zabdaH' arthAt jo padArtha ko bulAtA hai, use kahatA hai yA usakA nizcaya karAtA hai use zabdanaya kahate hai| yaha naya kAla, kAraka (vibhakti), liMga, saMkhyA (vacana), puruSa (sAdhana) aura upasarga (upagraha) ke bheda se zabdabheda hone para unake bhinna-bhinna arthoM kA pratipAdana karatA hai| jaise-sumeru thA, sumeru hai, sumeru hogaa| yahA~ zabdanaya bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSyatkAla ke bheda se sumeru parvata ke tIna bheda mAnatA hai| isI prakAra 'ghar3e ko karatA hai' aura 'ghar3A kiyA jAtA hai'-yahA~ kAraka ke bheda se zabdanaya ghar3e ke do bheda karatA hai| __zabdanaya RjusUtra ke dvArA grahaNa kie hue vartamAna ko vizeSarUpa se mAnatA hai| RjusUtra naya liMgAdi kA bheda hone para bhI usakI vAcya paryAyoM ko eka hI mAna letA hai, parantu zabdanaya unheM eka na mAnakara bhinna-arthavAlI mAnatA hai| jaisetaTa:-taTI-taTam-yahA~ liMgabheda haiN| deva:-devI-devA:-yahA~ eka-dvi-bahuvacanarUpa saMkhyAbheda hai| 'sa gacchati, tvaM gacchasi, ahaM gacchAmi'-yahA~ prathama-madhyamauttamapuruSarUpa puruSa-bheda hai| prakAza-vikAsa-saMkAza Adi zabdoM meM ' pra-vi-saM' Adi upasargoM kA bheda hai| sabhI jagaha isa zabdanaya kI apekSA se artha-bheda mAnA jAtA hai| vAstava meM yaha naya zabda-pradhAna hai| vaiyAkaraNoM ke vyavahAra ke anusAra kAlAdi kA bheda hone para bhI artha-bheda nahIM hotA hai, yaha mAnyatA zabdanayAbhAsa hai aura yaha zabdanaya kI dRSTi se doSa hai| zabdanaya 'kAlAdi ke bheda se arthabheda hotA hai' isa dRSTi ko svIkAra kara ukta doSa kA parihAra karatA hai| yaha zrutajJAna vizeSa kA kArya hone para bhI zabda pradhAna hone se zabdanaya kahA jAtA hai| yaha naya loka-virodha aura vyAkaraNa virodha kI cintA nahIM krtaa| sArAMza yaha hai ki isa naya ke anusAra kAla-bheda hone para bhI artha-bheda na mAnane para bar3A doSa AtA hai| atIta kA rAvaNa aura bhaviSya meM hone vAlA zaMkhacakravartI bhI eka ho jaaeNge| __(6) samabhirUDha naya aura samabhirUDha nayAbhAsa 6-zabda bheda se jo nAnA arthoM meM abhirUr3ha hai arthAt jo zabdabheda se arthabheda mAnatA hai use samabhirUDha naya . kahate haiM athavA paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM nirukti ke bheda se bhinna artha ko mAnane vAle naya ko samabhirUDhanaya kahate haiN| yaha naya kahatA hai ki jahA~ zabda bheda hai, vahA~ artha bheda avazya hotA hai| zabdanaya to artha-bheda vahIM mAnatA hai, jahA~ liMgAdi kA bheda ho, parantu isa naya kI dRSTi meM pratyeka zabda kA artha bhinna-bhinna hotA hai| do zabda 242 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #245
eka artha vAle ho hI nahIM skte| bhale hI ve zabda paryAyavAcI hoM aura unameM liMga, saMkhyA Adi kA bheda bhI na ho| indra, zakra aura purandara, ye tInoM zabda paryAyavAcI haiM, phira bhI inake arthoM meM antara hai| 'indra' zabda se aizvarya vAle kA bodha hotA hai, 'zaka' zabda se zaktizAlI kA aura purandara zabda se puroM (daityanagaroM) ko nAza karane vAle kaa| ina tInoM zabdoM kA AdhAra eka hone se ye paryAyavAcI mAne gaye haiM, kintu inakA artha alaga-alaga hai| isI prakAra pratyeka zabda mUla meM to apanA artha bhinna hI rakhatA hai, kintu kAlAntara meM vyakti yA samUha meM prayukta hote-hote paryAyavAcI bana jAtA hai| samabhirUDha naya zabdoM ke pracalita arthoM ko na pakar3akara unake mUla arthoM ko pakar3atA hai| isa naya kA kahanA hai ki nirukti bhinna hone para bhI yadi indra, zakra, purandara ko ekArtha mAnA jAya to ghaTa-paTa ko bhI eka mAnanA par3egA, kyoMki jaise-'indra' zabda kA artha 'indanAdindraH' arthAt indana (aizvarya bhogane rUpa) kriyA meM prayukta honA hai, 'zakra' kA artha 'zakranAcchakra:' arthAt zakran (zaktizAlI hone rUpa) kriyA meM prayukta honA hai aura purandara kA artha 'pUrdAraNAt purandara: arthAt puradAraNa (daityanagaroM ko naSTa karane rUpa) kriyA meM prayukta honA hai| usI prakAra 'ghaTa' kA artha jaladhAraNa kriyA karanA hai evaM paTa kA artha zItAdi nivAraNa kriyA karanA hai| yadi ghaTa-paTa kabhI eka nahIM mAne jA sakate to phira indra, zakra, purandara eka kaise mAne jA sakate haiM? arthAt eka nahIM mAne jA sakate, kintu ye bhinna-bhinna hI haiN| inake bhinna-bhinna hone se inake artha bhI bhinna-bhinna hI haiN| ekAnta rUpa se paryAyavAcaka zabdoM ke vAcya artha meM bheda mAnane vAlA abhiprAya samabhirUDha nayAbhAsa hai| samabhirUDhanaya paryAyabheda se artha meM bheda svIkAra karatA hai, para abheda kA niSedha nahIM karatA, use kevala gauNa kara detA hai aura samabhirUDha nayAbhAsa paryAyavAcaka zabdoM ke artha meM rahane vAle abheda kA niSedha karake ekAnta bheda kA hI samarthana karatA hai| isalie yaha nayAbhAsa hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki paryAyavAcI bheda mAnakara bhI artha bheda na mAnanA samabhirUDha nayAbhAsa hai| ___(7) evaMbhUtanaya aura evaMbhUtanayAbhAsa"- 'evambhavanAt evaMbhUtaH' arthAt jisa zabda kA jisa kriyArUpa artha hai usI kriyArUpa pariNamate hue padArtha ko jo naya grahaNa karatA hai use evaMbhUtanaya kahate haiN| isa naya meM vartamAna kriyA kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| samabhirUDhanaya indanAdi kriyA vartamAna meM ho yA na ho, phira bhI indanAdi ko indrAdi zabdoM kA vAcya mAna letA hai; kyoMki ve zabda apane vAcyoM ke lie rUr3ha ho cuke haiM, parantu evaMbhUtanaya indra ko indra tabhI mAnatA hai jaba vaha AjJArUpa nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 243 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #246
aizvarya bhoga rahA ho| zakra ko zakra tabhI mAnatA hai jaba vaha zAsana kara rahA ho, indana kriyA ke samaya nhiiN| purandara ko purandara tabhI kahatA hai jaba vaha puradAraNa kriyA kara rahA ho, aizvarya-bhoga ke samaya nhiiN| ghaTa ko ghaTa tabhI svIkAra karatA hai jaba usameM ghaTana kriyA yA jaladhAraNa kriyA ho rahI ho usase bhinna samaya meM nahIM, pUjA karate samaya hI pujArI ko pujArI kahatA hai, pATha karate samaya nhiiN| isI prakAra anya udAharaNoM ko smjhnaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki evaMbhUtanaya meM upayogasahita kriyA kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| isake anusAra vastu tabhI pUrNa hotI hai jaba vaha apane sampUrNa guNoM se yukta ho aura yathAvat kriyA kre| yadi tatkriyA kAla meM arthAt jisa samaya jisa vastu kI jo kriyA cala rahI hai| usa samaya usa vastu ke lie usake upayukta zabda kA prayoga na karake anya zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAya to vaha evaMbhUtanayAbhAsa hai| evaMbhUtanaya amuka kriyA se yukta padArtha ko hI usa kriyA-vAcaka zabda se abhihita karatA hai, kintu apane se bhinna dRSTikoNa kA niSedha nahIM krtaa| jo dRSTikoNa ekAnta rUpa se kriyAyukta padArtha ko hI zabda kA vAcya mAnane ke sAtha usa kriyA se rahita vastu ko usa zabda ke vAcya hone kA niSedha karatA hai vaha evaMbhUtanayAbhAsa hai| evaMbhUtanayAbhAsa kA dRSTikoNa yaha hai ki agara ghaTana kriyA na hone para bhI ghaTa ko ghaTa kahA jAya to paTa yA anya padArthoM ko bhI ghaTa kaha denA anucita na hogaa| phira to koI bhI padArtha kisI bhI zabda se kahA jA skegaa| isa avasthA kA nivAraNa karane ke lie yahI mAnanA ucita hai ki jisa zabda se jisa kriyA kA bhAna ho usa kriyA kI vidyamAnatA meM hI usa zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAe, anya samayoM meM usa zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki-zabda, samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta ye tIna naya parasparasApekSa hone para hI samIcIna yA samyak hote hai| ataeva eka dUsare kA upakAra karane vAle hote haiM aura paraspara-nirapekSa hone para ve hI mithyA hote haiM yA AbhAsa rUpa hote haiN| kyoMki paraspara-nirapekSa hone para ye paraspara-virodhI hote haiN| zabdanaya yadi samabhirUDhanaya aura evaMbhUtanaya ina donoM ke viSayoM kI apekSA rakhane vAlA na ho to yaha naya zabda nayAbhAsa rUpa bana jAtA hai, samabhirUDhanaya yadi zabdanaya aura evaMbhUtanaya ke viSayoM kI apekSA rakhane vAlA na ho to yaha naya samabhirUDhanayAbhAsa rUpa bana jAtA hai aura isI prakAra evaMbhUtanaya yadi zabdanaya aura samabhirUDhanaya ke viSayoM kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA ho to yaha naya bhI evaMbhUtanayAbhAsa rUpa bana jAtA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki isa prakAra ukta naigamAdi nayoM tathA unake AbhAsoM kA 244 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #247
vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| ukta nayoM meM naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra aura RjusUtra ina cAroM nayoM ko arthanaya kahA gayA hai; kyoMki ye arthagrAhI hone se inakI dRSTi artha para hI hotI hai| aura zabda, samabhirUDha tathA evaMbhUtanaya ye tIna naya zabdanaya kahe gaye haiM, kyoMki inake viSaya zabda ke vAcyabhUta artha hote haiN| itanA vizeSa hai ki naigamanaya jJAnanaya bhI hai aura arthanaya bhI hai| pahale cAra nayoM ke viSaya mukhyatayA artha aura gauNatayA zabda hote haiM aura zeSa tIna nayoM ke viSaya mukhyatayA vAcaka zabda aura gauNatayA artha hote haiN| naigamAdinayoM meM kArya-kAraNatA tathA sUkSmAlpaviSayatA ina nayoM meM pUrvapUrva naya uttarottara naya kA kAraNa hotA hai aura pUrvapUrva naya kA viSaya uttarottara naya ke viSaya se bahu viSayavAlA yA sthUla hotA hai| uttarottara naya pUrvanaya kA kAryarUpa hotA hai aura usakA viSaya pUrvapUrva naya ke viSaya se alpa yA sUkSma hotA hai arthAt naigamanaya ke viSaya meM saMgraha Adi chahoM nayoM kA viSaya samA jAtA hai| saMgrahanaya ke viSaya meM abhedarUpa se vyavahAra Adi pA~coM nayoM kA viSaya samA jAtA hai| isI prakAra Age bhI samajhanA caahie| isase yaha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki saMgrahanaya kI apekSA naigama-naya kA, vyavahAranaya kI apekSA saMgrahanaya kA aura RjusUtra naya Adi kI apekSA vyavahAranaya Adi kA viSaya mahAna hai arthAt naigamanaya kA samagra viSaya saMgraha naya kA aviSaya hai| saMgrahanaya kA samagra viSaya vyavahAranaya kA aviSaya hai| isI prakAra Age bhI samajhanA caahie| ina sAta nayoM meM se naigamanaya saMkalpagrAhI hone se sat aura asat donoM ko viSaya karatA hai jabaki saMgrahanaya sat taka hI sImita hai| naigamanaya dravya aura paryAyagata bhedA-bheda ko gauNa-mukhyabhAva se grahaNa karatA hai jabaki saMgrahanaya kI dRSTi kevala abheda para hai, isalie saMgrahanaya ke viSaya se naigamanaya kA viSaya mahAn hai aura naigamanaya ke viSaya se saMgrahanaya kA viSaya alpa aura sUkSma hai| saMgrahanaya abhedarUpa se sattA aura avAntara sattAoM ko grahaNa karatA hai, isalie vyavahAranaya se saMgrahanaya kA viSaya mahAn hai aura saMgrahanaya se vyavahAranaya kA viSaya alpa hai| vyavahAranaya bheda rUpa se dravya ko viSaya karatA hai, isalie RjusUtranaya ke viSaya se vyavahAranaya kA viSaya mahAn hai aura vyavahAranaya ke viSaya se RjusUtranaya kA viSaya alpa aura sUkSma hai| RjusUtranaya vartamAnakAlIna eka samayavartI paryAya ko grahaNa karatA hai, isalie zabdanaya ke viSaya se RjusUtranaya kA viSaya mahAn hai aura RjusUtranaya ke viSaya se zabdanaya kA viSaya nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 245 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #248
alpa hai| zabdanaya liMgAdika ke bheda se vartamAnakAlIna paryAya ko bhedarUpa se grahaNa karatA hai, isalie samabhirUDhanaya ke viSaya se zabdanaya kA viSaya mahAn hai aura zabdanaya ke viSaya se samabhirUDha naya kA viSaya sUkSma aura alpa hai| samabhirUDha naya paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke bheda se vartamAnakAlIna paryAya ko bhedarUpa se svIkAra karatA hai, isalie varNabheda se paryAya ke bheda ko mAnane vAle evaMbhUtanaya se samabhirUDhanaya kA viSaya mahAn hai aura samabhirUDhanaya ke viSaya se evaMbhUtanaya kA viSaya sUkSma aura alpa hai| ina sAta nayoM kI uttarottara alpaviSayatA ko spaSTa karane ke lie eka sundara saMkSipta udAharaNa prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai kisI gA~va meM kahIM kisI pakSI ke zabda ko sunakara naigamanaya kI dRSTi se kahA jAegA ki 'gA~va meM' pakSI bola rahA hai| saMgrahanaya kI dRSTi se kahA jAegA ki 'vRkSa para' pakSI bola rahA hai| vyavahAranaya kI dRSTi se kahA jAegA ki viTapa (tanA) para pakSI bola rahA hai| RjusUtranaya kI dRSTi se kahA jAegA 'zAkhA para' pakSI bola rahA hai| zabdanaya kI dRSTi se kahA jAegA ki 'ghoMsale' meM pakSI bola rahA hai| samabhirUDhanaya kI dRSTi se kahA jAegA ki vaha apane 'zarIra meM' bola rahA hai aura evaMbhUtanaya kI dRSTi se kahA jAegA vaha apane 'kaNTha' meM bola rahA hai| jisa prakAra yahA~ pakSI ke bolane ke pradeza ko lekara uttarottara kSetraviSayaka sUkSmatA hai, usI prakAra sAtoM nayoM ke viSaya meM uttarottara sUkSma-viSayatA samajhanA caahie| ukta samasta kathana kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki ye sAtoM hI naya paraspara sApekSa hokara tattva kA vivecana karate haiN| yadyapi pratyeka naya apane hI viSaya ko grahaNa karatA hai phira bhI usakA prayojana dUsare dRSTikoNa kA nirAkaraNa karanA nahIM hai| isase anekAntAtmaka vastu kI siddhi hotI hai aura ekAntadarzanoM ke mantavyoM kA parihAra hotA hai| yahI ina saba nayoM kI upayogitA aura prayojana hai| sandarbha 1. sa. ta. a. sU.-1135, pR. 63 2. sa. pra.-3/47 3. go. ka.-gA. 894 4. a. yo. vya.-kA. 22 5. pra. sA., gA.-114 tathA isakI TIkA, niyamasAra gA. 19 6. titthayara vayaNasaMgaha-visesapatthAramUla vaagrnnii| 246 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #249
vvaTThi o ya pajjavaNa o ya sesA viyappAsiM / / - sa. pra., gA. 1/3 7. do cevaya mUliNayA bhaNiyA davvattha - pajjayatthaNayA / aNNaM asaMkha saMkhA te tavbheyA muNeyabbA / / -na. ca., gA. 183 8. A. pa., sU. 46 9. vahI, sU. 57 10. vahI, sU. 41 11. ta. sU., 1/34 12. vahI, 1/35 13. ta. sU., 1/33 14. jaina ta. bhA., pR. 59 15. ta. zlo. vA., 1/33 16. laghI., kA, 72 17, vI. bhA., gA. 2753 18. ja. dha., pR. 235 19. vi. bhA., gA. 2264 20. ja. dha. TIkA, pR. 140 21. so ciya ekko dhammo vAcaya - saddo vi tassa dhammassa / jaM jANadi taM NANaM te tiNNi vi Naya - viseyA ya / / - kA. a., gA. 265 22. ta. rA. vA. - 1/6 kI vyAkhyA 23. ghaTamahamAtmanA vedmi / - pra. ka. mA. sU. 1/8 kI vyAkhyA 24. pradIpavat / vahI, sU. 1 - 1 / 12 kI vyAkhyA 25. catvAro'rthanayA hyete jIvAdyarthavyapAzrayAt / trayaH zabdanayAH satyapadavidyAM samAzritAH / / - laghI, kA. 72 26. sarvArthasiddhi / - 1 / 33, pR. 141 27. ta. rA. vA. - 1/33 28. sAmAnyavizeSAtmA tadartho viSayaH / - pra. ka. mA. 4 / 11 kI vyAkhyA 29. paMcAsti., gA. 12 30. a. yo. vya., kA. 4 tathA 14 kI vyAkhyA 31. sAmAnyaM dvedhA tiryagUrdhvatAbhedAt / - pa. mu., sU. 4/3 32. vahI, sU. 4/4 33. pa. mu. sU. 4/5 34. vizeSazca paryAyavyatirekabhedAt / - pra. ra. sU. 4/6-7 35. . ekasmin dravye kramabhAvinaH pariNAmAH paryAyA Atmani hrssvissaadaadivt| vahI, sU. 4/8 36. arthAntaragato visadRzapariNAmo vyatireko gomahiSAdivat / - vahI, sU. 4/9 37. vizeSo'pi dvirUpo - guNaH paryAyazca / - pra. na. ta. 5/6 38. vahI, sU. 5/7, 6 nayoM kA saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda - prabheda :: 247 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #250
39. paryAyastu kramabhAvI, yathA ttraivsukhdukhaadi| vahI, sU. 5/8 - 40. dravati, gacchati, prApnoti, droSyati, gamisyati, prApsyati, adudruvat agamat prAptavAn tAMstAn paryAyAn iti drvym|-t. vR. 5/38, pR. 207 41. paMcAsti., gA. 9 42. sa. si., sU. 5/2 43. laghI., pR. 11 44. A. pa., sU. 96 45. na. ca., gA. 35-36 46. dha. pu. 1, pR. 83 47. ja. dha., pu. 1, pR. 211 48. dravyamevArthaH prayojanamasyeti drvyaarthikH|-dh., pu.1, pR. 83 49. laghI., pR. 51 50. dha. pu. 1, pR. 84 51. ta. vR. 5/38, pR. 207 52. ja. dha., pR. 217 53. dha. pu. 1, pR. 85 54. sa paryAya: arthaH prayojanamasyeti pryaayaarthikH|-j. dha., pR. 217 55. laghI., pR. 51 56. jainasiddhAnta da., pR. 25 57. A. pa., sU. 46 58. vahI, sU. 57 59. vahI, sU. 64 60. vahI, sU. 68 61. vahI, sU. 71 62. vahI, sU. 73 63. vahI, sU. 76 64. na. ca., gA. 187 65. jAvadiyA vayaNavahA tAvadiyA ceva hoMti nnyvaadaa|-go. ka. kA., gA. 894 66. A. pa., sU. 41 67. catvAro'rthanayA yete jiivaadyrthvypaashryaat| trayaH zabdanayAH satyapadavidyAM samAzritAH ||-lghii. kA. 72 68. ta. sU. 5/38 69. ta. rA. vA. 1/33, vA. 2 70. sa. si., sUtra 1/33 kI vRtti 71. laghI. kA. 39 tathA 68 72. laghI. kA. 39 tathA si. vi. TIkA-pR. 674-76 73. ta. zlo. vA.-pR. 269-70 248 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #251
74. a. cI. TI-. 270 75. shn,, ch. 38, 69 76. 7.n. .-9. 677 77. h.q.-9. 160 9 tstshud 78. 9. Y'. g.-9. 271 79. shm,, . 42, 70 and.tstt'i-.n / .-9.271 80. 9' / . ci'i-..-9. 271, 72, 7T shn. R. 43 71 81. shil.-h. 43. 71 82. #. 7.-. 73 83. 4, . 74 84. .q., , 75 85. shl, n 44, 72 'q- 9. Y'ge.q.-q. 272-73 86. zhu,, ch. 44 4qT 9. ' / . / .-q. 273 87. 9.. q. 113 14. . 9.=274 88. 9. g..-1/33, 9. 99 89. . 1. 50-9. 350 k- k shigshzhd ttaaRkh / 'T 3shzhe zettaa-p:: 249 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #252
5 . nayoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda nayoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa jaisA ki tutIya adhyAya ke prArambha meM kahA gayA hai ki jainAgama granthoM meM nayoM kA vivecana do dRSTiyoM se kiyA gayA hai-eka saiddhAntika dRSTi se aura dUsarA AdhyAtmika dRSTi se| saiddhAntika dRSTi kA vivecana pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA hai, yahA~ nayoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa vivecanIya hai| yahA~ vizeSa bAta vicAraNIya yaha hai ki saiddhAntika aura AdhyAtmika naya koI alaga-alaga nahIM haiM, sabhI kA varNana siddhAnta yA Agama granthoM meM kiyA gayA hai, ataH ve Agama naya hI haiM, kintu unameM jo naya apane bheda-prabheda sahita siddhAnta varNana meM vizeSa rUpa se Ate haiM unheM vidvajjana siddhAntanaya kahane lage haiN| jaise-dravyArthika naya aura paryAyArthikanaya aura jo naya adhyAtmavarNana meM vizeSa rUpa se Ate haiM, unheM adhyAtma naya kahane lage haiN| jaise-nizcaya aura vyvhaarny| AdhyAtmika dRSTi meM kevala AtmA arthAt jIvadravya kA kathana karanA pramukha hai| AtmA kA svabhAva, usake guNa, paryAya, unameM bheda-prabheda tathA usakA anya padArthoM ke sAtha nimitta-naimittika sambandha Adi saba bAteM batAnA isakA kAma hai| AtmA ke lie kyA kucha heya hai aura kyA kucha upAdeya? isa bAta kA viveka karAke usakI zuddhatA va azuddhatA Adi ke vikalpoM kA paricaya denA isa AdhyAtmika dRSTi meM hI AtA hai| isIlie isa paddhati meM nayoM ke nAma bhI kevala AtmapadArtha kA tathA usake lie iSTa va aniSTa bAtoM kA Azraya karake rakhe gaye haiN| jaise nizcaya, vyavahAra, zuddha, azuddha, sadbhUta, asadbhUta aadi| jisa prakAra saiddhAntika dRSTi se dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika ye do mUlanaya vastusvarUpa ke vivecana ke lie mAne gaye haiM usI prakAra AdhyAtmika dRSTi se nizcaya aura vyavahAra ina do nayoM kA vivecana AtmasvarUpa ke parijJAna ke lie kiyA gayA hai; kyoMki adhyAtmagranthoM meM ina donoM kA hI vivecana pramukha rUpa se pAyA 250 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #253
jAtA hai| dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika tathA naigamAdi sAta nayoM kA vivecana dhavalAdi siddhAntagranthoM meM vastusvarUpa kI mImAMsA karane kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai jaba ki nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kA kathana AcArya kundakunda ke samayasArAdi adhyAtmagranthoM meM saMsArI jIva kI adhyAtma bhAvanA ko paripuSTa kara, heya aura upAdeya ke vicAra se mokSamArga meM lagAne kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne pravacanasAra meM dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika nayoM kI dRSTi se bhI vivecana kiyA hai kintu samayasAra kA tAttvika vivecana nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya se kiyA gayA hai| Age isI pravacanasAra kI 189 gAthA kI TIkA meM AcArya kundakunda ke bhASyakAra AcArya amRtacandra ne nizcayanaya ko zuddha dravya kA nirUpaka aura vyavahAranaya ko azuddha dravya kA nirUpaka kahA hai| chaha dravyoM meM dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ye cAra dravya to sadA zuddha hI rahate haiN| aura jIva tathA pudgala ye do dravya zuddha tathA azuddha donoM prakAra ke hote haiN| jaba taka jIva kA paradravya-pudgala tathA pudgalajanya rAgAdi ke sAtha sambandha rahatA hai taba taka vaha azuddha kahalAtA hai aura jaba usakA sambandha chUTa jAtA hai taba zuddha ho jAtA hai| jaise-siddhAtmA yA muktaatmaa| isI prakAra jIva ke sambandha se jaba taka pudgala meM karmaskandha rUpa pariNamana rahatA hai taba taka vaha azuddha kahalAtA hai aura jaba usakA svAzrita pariNamana hone lagatA hai taba zuddha kahalAtA hai athavA pudgala kA jo aNurUpa pariNamana hai vaha zuddha pariNamana hai aura dvayaNuka Adi skandharUpa jo pariNamana hai vaha azuddha pariNamana hai| isa prakAra se ye donoM dravya jainadarzana ke anusAra zuddha aura azuddha mAne jAte haiN| ataH nizcaya aura vyavahAranaya kI upayogitA inhIM donoM dravyoM ke vivecana meM mukhya rUpa se hai| dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika to vastu mAtra ke vivecana ke lie upayogI haiM, unakA mukhya uddezya vastusvarUpa kA vizleSaNa hai| isI se siddhAntagranthoM meM sarvatra unhIM kA kathana milatA hai, kintu adhyAtma kA vizleSaNa Atmaparaka hone se AtmA kI zuddhatA aura azuddhatA ke vivecaka nizcaya aura vyavahAranayoM kA vivecana adhyAtmagranthoM meM milatA hai| eka bAta yaha bhI hai ki dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika nayoM ko nizcayanaya ke sAdhana meM hetu kahA hai; kyoMki dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika nayoM ke dvArA vastutattva ko jAnane ke bAda hI nizcayadRSTi se AtmA ke zuddhasvarUpa ko jAnakara usakI prApti kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| ata: ye donoM naya nizcaya ke sAdhana meM hetu haiN| isase inako bhI jAnanA Avazyaka hai| isIlie adhyAtma ke mahAn vettA AcArya kundakunda ne 'samayasAra' aura 'niyamasAra' meM AdhyAtmika dRSTi se AtmasvarUpa kA vivecana kiyA hai| ataH nayoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 251 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #254
inameM nizcaya aura vyavahAranaya ye do bheda hI dRSTigata hote haiM tathA paMcAstikAya aura pravacanasAra meM AdhyAtmika dRSTi ke sAtha saiddhAntika yA zAstrIya dRSTi ko bhI prazraya diyA hai| isalie ina granthoM meM dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika nayoM kA bhI varNana . prApta hotA hai| ___ isa AdhyAtmika dRSTi kA mahattvapUrNa vivecana 'kundakunda prAbhRta' saMgraha kI prastAvanA meM kiyA gayA hai-'AdhyAtmika dRSTi ke dvArA Atmatattva ko lakSya meM rakhakara vastu kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| jo AtmA ke Azrita ho use adhyAtma kahate haiN| jaise vedAntI brahma ko kendra meM rakhakara jagat ke svarUpa kA vicAra karate haiM vaise hI AdhyAtmika dRSTi AtmA ko kendra meM rakhakara vicAra karatI hai| jaise vedAnta meM brahma hI paramArtha sat hai aura jagat mithyA hai, vaise hI adhyAtma vicAraNA meM eka mAtra zuddha-buddha-abaddha AtmA hI paramArtha sat hai aura usakI anya saba dazAe~ vyavahAra satya haiN| isI se zAstrIya kSetra meM jaise vastutattva kA vivecana dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika nayoM ke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai vaise hI adhyAtma meM nizcaya aura vyavahAranaya ke dvArA Atmatattva kA vivecana kiyA jAtA hai aura nizcaya dRSTi ko paramArtha aura vyavahAra dRSTi ko aparamArtha kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki nizcaya dRSTi AtmA ke yathArtha zuddha svarUpa ko dikhalAtI hai aura vyavahAra dRSTi azuddha avasthA ko dikhalAtI hai| adhyAtmI mumukSu zuddha Atmatattva ko prApta karanA cAhatA hai ataH usakI prApti ke lie sabase prathama use usa dRSTi kI AvazyakatA hai jo AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA darzana karA sakane meM samartha hai| aisI dRSTi nizcaya dRSTi hai ataH mumukSu ke lie vahI dRSTi bhUtArtha hai aura jisase AtmA ke azuddha avasthA svarUpa kA darzana hotA hai vaha vyavahAradRSTi usake lie kAryakArI nahIM hai|" / ___ ukta kathana kA niSkarSa yahI hai ki apane vizuddha svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie nizcaya dRSTi kI hI AvazyakatA hai| jaba taka hama bAhya bhautikavAda meM bhaTakate raheMge, para ko apanA mAnate raheMge taba taka AdhyAtmikatA ke prazasta mArga ko prApta nahIM kara skte| yaha AdhyAtmikatA kahIM bAhara se Ane vAlI nahIM hai, yaha to hamAre AtmA kA dharma yA guNa hai aura yaha dharma dRSTi ko nirmala banAne se yA nizcayaparaka banAne se prApta ho sakatA hai| vAstava meM yaha saMsArI AtmA anAdi kAla se isa saMsAra meM hI paribhramaNa karatA huA aneka kaSToM ko uThA rahA hai| narakAdi caturgatiyoM meM janma-maraNa ke duHkhoM ko bhoga rahA hai| aba taka isane puNya-pApa, svarga-naraka, zubhAzubha karmoM kI kathanI ko hI sunA aura jAnA hai, sva (zuddhAtmA) se bhinna para (bAhya padArthoM ke 252 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #255
bhoga) meM hI ramA hai, unako apanA mAnA hai, kintu sva (zuddhAtmasvarUpa) ko na to kabhI jAnA hai aura na jAnane kA prayAsa hI kiyA hai| isakI samajha meM yaha siddhAnta kabhI AyA hI nahIM ki sva sva hai, para para hai, sva para nahIM, para sva nhiiN| yaha sadA paradRSTi hI rahA, svadRSTi kabhI huA hI nhiiN| yadi yaha svadRSTi ho jAtA, bhedavijJAnI bana jAtA to saMsAra paribhramaNa se mukta ho jaataa| kintu isane aba taka to kevala kAma, bhoga sambandhI bandha kI kathA ko hI sunA hai, usase hI paricaya kiyA hai aura vahI isake anubhava meM AyI hai, parapadArthoM se bhinna eka zuddhAtmA kI kathA na to kabhI sunI hai, na isake paricaya meM AyI hai aura na hI anubhava meM AyI hai; kyoMki anAdi se jise sunA hai, vahI paricaya meM AegI aura jo paricaya meM AegI usI kA to anubhava hogA, usase bhinna svarUpa kA anubhava kaise ho sakatA hai, jise kabhI sunA hI nahIM vaha paricaya meM kaise A sakatI hai? aura jo paricaya meM nahIM AyI hai usake anubhava meM Ane kA koI prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| isI ke pariNAma svarUpa yaha bhava-bhavAntara meM sAMsArika duHkhoM kA pAtra bnaa| aba taka isane ajJAnatAvaza vikArI vibhAva bhAvoM (rAga-dveSAdi) ko hI apanAyA hai, svabhAva bhAvoM (zuddhAtmabhAva) se sadA dUra haTatA rahA hai| yahI isake paribhramaNa kA kAraNa hai| isase mukta hone ke lie jaina dArzanikoM ne AdhyAtmika dRSTi se nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM tathA unake bheda-prabhedoM kA suvyavasthita vivecana kiyA hai| adhyAtma pratipAdaka nizcaya aura vyavahAranaya jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai saiddhAntika dRSTi se dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika hI mUlanaya haiM jo sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka yA dravyaparyAyAtmaka vastu ke eka-eka aMza ko grahaNa karate haiM, kintu AdhyAtmika dRSTi se nizcaya aura vyavahAranaya hI mUlanaya haiM, kyoMki adhyAtma kA lakSya hai zuddhAtmasvarUpa kI prApti aura vaha nizcaya ke binA .sambhava nahIM hai| AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA darzana isI se hotA hai| isI se AcArya devasena ne AlApapaddhati meM likhA hai-'aba adhyAtma bhASA ke dvArA nayoM kA kathana karate haiN| aura aisA likhakara nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya tathA unake bheda-prabhedoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| isa kathana se tathA adhyAtmagranthoM meM ina donoM nayoM kA vivecana kiyA jAne se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ye donoM naya adhyAtma dRSTi se sambaddha haiN| adhyAtma meM vastu-vicAra inhIM ke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| isI se AcArya devasena ne nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranayoM ko hI mUlanaya kahA hai| zrI mAilla dhavala ne bhI nayoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 253 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #256
kahA hai- 'saba nayoM ke mUla nizcaya aura vyavahAra ye do naya haiN| dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika, ye donoM nizcayanaya ke sAdhana yA hetu haiN|" isaprakAra adhyAtmanaya nizcaya aura vyavahAra ye donoM haiN| inakA yahA~ vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| nizcaya aura vyavahAra zabdoM kA vyutpattyartha - 'nizcaya' zabda 'nis' upasarga pUrvaka cayanArthaka 'ciJ' dhAtu se 'ap' pratyaya karane para siddha hotA hai, jisakI vyutpatti hai, 'nirgataH cayaH yasmAt sa nizcayaH' arthAt jisameM anya kucha na jor3A jAe yA jisase bheda nikala gayA hai arthAt jo abheda rUpa se vastu kA kathana karane vAlA hai vaha nizcaya naya hai athavA 'ni:zeSeNa cayaH nizcaya: ' arthAt jisameM se kucha nikAlA na jAe, use paripUrNa hI rahane diyA jaae| isa prakAra 'nizcaya' zabda kA vyutpattyartha huA ki jahA~ jor3a-tor3a na kiyA jAe, vastu kA jaisA svarUpa hai use vaisA hI jAnA jAe vaha nizcayanaya hai| isakI vyutpatti anya prakAra se bhI kI gayI hai,'jisake dvArA abheda aura anupacAra rUpa se vastu kA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai use nizcayanaya kahate haiM / isI prakAra 'vyavahAra' zabda 'vi' tathA 'ava' upasargapUrvaka haraNArthaka 'hRJ' dhAtu se 'Na' 'pratyaya hokara niSpanna huA hai, jisakI vyutpatti hai, 'vi-vidhipUrvakam ava-avaharaNaM bhedaH vyavahAraH' arthAt vidhipUrvaka avaharaNa yAni bheda karanA vyavahAra hai| AcArya devasena ne bhI vyutpatti karate hue likhA hai- 'jisake dvArA bheda aura upacAra rUpa se vastu kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai, use vyavahAranaya kahate haiN| " upacAra kA artha hai anya vastu ke dharma ko prayojanavaza anya vastu meM Aropi karanA / jaise mUrta padArthoM se utpanna jJAna ko mUrta kahanA athavA mukhya ke abhAva meM kisI padArtha ke sthAna para anya kA Aropa karanA upacAra kahalAtA hai| jaisesaMzleSasambandha ke kAraNa zarIra ko hI jIva kahanA athavA nimitta ke vaza se kisI anya padArtha ko anya kA kahanA upacAra hai| jaise ghI kA ghar3A kahanA / ghar3A ghI kA to nahIM hotA, vaha to miTTI kA banA huA hotA hai, kintu usameM ghI rakhA jAne ke kAraNa upacAra se miTTI nirmita ghar3e ko bhI ghI kA ghar3A vyavahAra calAne ke lie kaha diyA jAtA hai| isaprakAra yaha upacAra eka dravya kA anya dravya meM, eka guNa kA anya guNa meM, eka paryAya kA anya paryAya meM, svajAti-dravya, guNa, paryAya kA vijAti- dravya, guNa, paryAya meM, satyAsatya padArthoM ke sAtha sambandha rUpa meM, kAraNa kA kArya meM, kArya kA kAraNa meM ityAdi aneka prakAra se hotA hai| yadyapi yathArtha dRSTi se dekhane para yaha mithyA hai, parantu apekSA yA prayojana kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to kathaMcit samyak hai / isI se upacAra ko bhI eka naya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 254 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #257
vyavahAranaya ko hI upacAra kahA jAtA hai / yaha upacAra do prakAra hai / - - bhedopacAra aura abhedopcaar| abheda vastu meM guNa-guNI Adi kA bheda karanA bhedopacAra hai tathA bhinna vastuoM meM prayojanavaza ekatA yA abhinnatA kA vyavahAra abhedopacAra kahalAtA hai / inakA prayoga laukika kSetra meM aura Agama meM nitya sthAna-sthAna para kiyA jAtA hai| ukta vyutpattiyoM ke anusAra vastu meM sambhavanIya abheda rUpatA - bhedarUpatA, svAzrayarUpatA-parAzrayarUpatA, anupacArarUpatA - upacArarUpatA, akhaNDarUpatA - khaNDarUpatA, tadrUpatA-atadrUpatA, sAmAnyarUpatA - vizeSarUpatA, dravyarUpatA-paryAyarUpatA, mukhyarUpatAgauNarUpatA Adi parasparaviruddha dharmayugaloM me pUrva-pUrva dharma to nizcaya zabda kA aura uttara dharma vyavahAra zabda kA artha samajhanA cAhie / nizcaya aura vyavahAranaya kA svarUpa tathA unakI upayogitA - abheda vidhi se vastu ko jAnane vAle naya ko nizcayanaya kahate haiM aura bheda - vidhi se vastu ke jAnane vAle naya ko vyavahAranaya kahate haiM arthAt guNa-guNI kA yA paryAyaparyAyI kA bheda karake jo vastu ko jAnatA hai vaha vyavahAranaya hai / jaise- jIva ke jJAna, darzana Adi guNa tathA nara, nArakAdi paryAyoM kA bheda karake kathana karanA, pudgala dravya ke mUrtika guNoM ko jIva meM batalAnA aura jIva ke cetana guNa ko pudgala meM batalAnA / jaise-- jIva ke rUpa, rasa gandhavAn aura zarIra ko hI cetana kahanA / isaprakAra upacAra (Aropa) karake vastu ko grahaNa karanA vyavahAranaya kA viSaya hai aura bheda tathA upacAra kI apekSA se rahita akhaNDa dravya nizcayanaya kA viSaya hai / jaise Agama meM vastusvarUpa ko jAnane ke lie dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika naya haiM vaise hI adhyAtma meM AtmA ko jAnane ke lie nizcaya aura vyavahAranaya haiM / yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki jisa prakAra advaita vedAnta meM paramArtha aura vyavahAra paddhati se tattva vivecana kiyA jAtA hai usI prakAra jaina adhyAtma meM bhI tattva vivecana ke lie nizcaya aura vyavahAra paddhati ko apanAyA gayA hai| ina donoM meM kevala itanA hI bheda hai ki jaina adhyAtma kA nizcayanaya vAstavika sthiti ko svIkAra kara anya padArthoM ke astitva kA niSedha nahIM karatA, jabaki advaita vedAnta brahma ko hI paramArtha satya svIkAra karatA hai aura usake atirikta anya kI sattA use svIkAra nahIM / jainadarzana ke anusAra vastu aneka dharmoM kA eka akhaNDa piNDa hai| dharmI vastu aura usake aneka dharma bhinna-bhinna nahIM haiN| jo naya unameM bheda kA upacAra karatA hai vaha vyavahAranaya hai aura jo aisA na karake vastu ko usake svAbhAvika rUpa meM grahaNa karatA hai vaha nizcayanaya hai / AtmA ananta dharma rUpa eka akhaNDadharmI hai, parantu vyavahArI jana abhedarUpa vastu meM bhI bheda kA vyavahAra karake aisA kahate haiM nayoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 255 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #258
ki AtmA ke guNa darzana-jJAna-cAritra haiN| nizcaya se dekhA jAye to Atmadravya ananta dharmoM ko isa taraha piye hue baiThA hai ki usameM bheda nahIM hai, kintu bheda kA avalambana - kiye binA vyavahArI jIva ko AtmA ke svarUpa kI pratIti nahIM karAI jA sktii| ataH jahA~ taka vastusvarUpa ko jAnane kI bAta hai vahA~ taka hI vyavahAranaya kI upayogitA hai, kintu jaba taka vyavahAra kA avalambana hai taba taka AtmA ke yathArthasvarUpa kI prApti sambhava nahIM hai| kyoMki vyavahAranaya bheda dRSTi pradhAna hai aura bheda dRSTi meM nirvikalpa dazA nahIM hotI tathA sarAgI ke jaba taka rAgAdi dUra nahIM hote taba taka nirvikalpa dazA prApta nahIM hotii| isalie abhedarUpa nirvikalpa dazA meM pahu~cane ke lie nizcayanaya kI upayogitA hai| vItarAga hone ke pazcAt to naya kA avalambana hI chUTa jAtA hai| jina dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika nayoM kA ullekha Agama meM vastusvarUpa ke pratipAdaka rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai ve hI adhyAtma meM nizcaya aura vyavahAranaya ke rUpa meM kahe gaye haiN| jaise-dravyArthika naya kA viSaya dravya hai vaise hI nizcayanaya kA viSaya bhI zuddha dravya hai aura jaise paryAyArthika naya kA viSaya paryAya hai vaise hI vyavahAranaya kA viSaya bhI bheda-vyavahAra hai| vyavahAra zabda kA artha hI bheda karanA hai| akhaNDa vastu meM vastuta: bheda karanA to azakya hai, kyA koI AtmA ke khaNDakhaNDa kara sakatA hai ? kintu zabda ke dvArA akhaNDa eka vastu meM bhI bheda-vyavahAra sambhava hai| jaise-AtmA meM darzana, jJAna aura cAritra guNa haiM arthAt guNa aura guNI yA dravya aura paryAya ke bheda se abhinna vastu meM bhI bheda kI pratIti hotI hai| yaha bheda-vyavahAra bhI vyavahAranaya kI maryAdA ke hI antargata hai| yadyapi ise azuddha nizcayanaya kA bhI viSaya batalAyA hai kintu zuddha nizcayanaya kI apekSA se azuddha nizcayanaya bhI vyavahAranaya meM hI AtA hai| isake atirikta bhI nizcaya aura vyavahAranaya ke lakSaNa kie gaye haiN| jo zuddha dravya kA nirUpaNa karatA hai vaha nizcayanaya hai aura jo azuddha dravya kA nirUpaNa karatA hai vaha vyavahAranaya hai| isI se nizcayanaya ko zuddha naya aura vyavahAranaya ko azuddhanaya bhI kahate haiN| azuddhanaya ke avalambana se azuddha AtmA kI prApti hotI hai aura zuddhanaya kA avalambana karane se zuddha AtmA kI prApti hotI hai athavA jo svAzrita hai vaha nizcayanaya hai aura jo parAzrita hai vaha vyavahAranaya hai| __ AtmA ke para ke nimitta se jo aneka bhAva hote haiM ve saba vyavahAranaya ke viSaya haiM isIlie vyavahAranaya parAzrita hai aura jo eka apanA svAbhAvika bhAva hai vahI nizcayanaya kA viSaya hai isIlie nizcayanaya AtmAzrita yA svAzrita hai| 256 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #259
tAtparya yaha hai ki jo apane hI Azraya se ho use nizcaya kahate haiN| jisa dravya ke astitva meM jo bhAva pAye jAe~, usa dravya meM unakA hI sthApana karanA tathA paramANu mAtra bhI anya kalpanA na karanA svAzrita hai| isakA kathana hI mukhya (nizcaya) kathana kahalAtA hai| isako jAnane se anAdi zarIrAdi para dravya meM ekatva zraddhAna rUpa ajJAna bhAva kA abhAva ho jAtA hai aura bheda vijJAna kI prApti hotI hai tathA samasta para dravya se bhinna apane zuddha caitanyasvarUpa kA anubhava hotA hai, taba yaha zuddhAtmA paramAnanda dazA meM magna hokara kaivalya avasthA ko prApta ho jAtA hai, kintu jo ajJAnI jana isako jAne binA dharma meM pravRtti karate haiM, ve zarIrAzrita kriyA-kANDa kohI upAdeya jAnakara, saMsAra ke kAraNa svarUpa zubhopayoga ko hI mukti kA kAraNa mAnakara apane svarUpa se bhraSTa hote hue saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate haiM / ata: nizcayanaya kA parijJAna Avazyaka hai| 1 isI prakAra jo paradravya ke Azrita ho use vyavahAra kahate haiN| kiMcit mAtra bhI kAraNa pAkara anya dravya kA bhAva anyadravya meM Aropita karanA parAzrita kahalAtA hai| isI ke kathana ko upacAra yA gauNa kathana kahate haiN| ise jAnakara jJAnIjana zarIrAdi ke sAtha sambandha rUpa saMsAradazA kA jJAna karake saMsAra ke kAraNa svarUpa Asrava-bandha ko pahicAnakara aura mukta hone ke upAyarUpa jo saMvara aura nirjarA haiM, unameM pravartana kare / ajJAnIjana inheM jAne binA zuddhopayogI hone kI icchA karatA hai, vaha pahale hI vyavahAra sAdhana ko chor3a pApAcaraNa meM lIna hokara narakAdi ke duHkhoM kA pAtra banatA hai / isalie upacAra yA vyavahAra kathana kA bhI parijJAna Avazyaka hai| * 'AcArya kundakunda" aura unake bhASyakAra AcArya amRtacandra' 2 ne nizcayanaya ko bhUtArtha yA satyArtha aura vyavahAranaya ko abhUtArtha yA asatyArtha kahA hai / bhUtArtha aura abhUtArtha kA vyutpattyartha isaprakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, 'bhUtaM vidyamAnaM satyaM vA arthaM bhAvaM kathayati yaH sa bhUtArthaH ' jo 'bhUta' arthAt padArtha meM pAye jAne vAle 'artha' (bhAva) ko jaise kA taisA (binA kisI kalpanA yA jor3a-tor3a ke) kahatA hai vaha 1 bhUtArtha hai / jaise - koI satyavAdI satya hI kahatA hai, jo bAta jaisI hai usako binA . kisI kalpanA kiye vaise hI kahatA hai, usameM thor3I sI bhI milAvaTa nahIM karatA hai| isI prakAra jIva aura karma yA pudgala kA anAdi kAla se eka kSetrAvagAha sambandha hai, donoM mile hue se dikhAI par3ate haiM, phira bhI nizcayanaya Atmadravya ko zarIrAdi paradravyoM se bhinna hI prakAzita karatA hai / vahI bhinnatA mukta avasthA meM prakaTa hotI hai| ataeva nizcayanaya bhUtArtha hai, isIlie isako satyArtha nayoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 257 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #260
bhI kahate haiN| tathA abhUtArtha kA artha asatyArtha hai| abhUtamavidyAmAnamasatyaM yA artha bhAvaM kathayati yaH so'bhUtArtha:' jo 'abhUta' arthAt padArtha meM na pAye jAne vAle 'artha' . yAni bhAva ko prakAzita karatA hai, usameM aneka kalpanA karake kahatA hai use abhUtArtha kahate haiN| jaise koI mithyAvAdI jarA se kAraNa kA bahAnA lekara usameM aneka kalpanA karake batAtA hai| usI prakAra jaise jIva aura pudgala kI sattA bhinna hai, svabhAva bhinna hai, pradeza bhinna hai, phira bhI eka kSetrAvagAha sambandha kA bahAnA lekara vyavahAranaya AtmA aura zarIra ko eka kahatA hai, kintu mukta avasthA meM spaSTa bhinnatA hotI hai| ataeva vyavahAranaya abhUtArtha hai| isIlie isako asatyArtha bhI kahate haiN| isa viSaya ko AcArya amRtacandra ne eka dRSTAnta dvArA spaSTa kiyA hai, jisa prakAra kIcar3a se kaluSita hue ga~dale jala ko kIcar3a aura jala kA bheda na kara sakane vAle adhikAMza manuSya to malina hI anabhava karate haiM, kintu kucha manuSya apane hAtha se DAlI gayI nirmalI ke prabhAva se jala aura maila ke bheda ko jAnakara usa jala ko nirmala hI anubhava karate haiM, usI taraha prabala karma rUpI maila ke dvArA jisakA svAbhAvika jJAyaka bhAva tirobhUta ho gayA hai aise AtmA kA anubhava karane vAlA vyavahAra se vimohitamati avivekI puruSa AtmA ko nAnAparyAyarUpa anubhava karatA hai| kintu bhUtArthadarzI manuSya zuddhanaya ke dvArA AtmA aura karma kA bheda jAnakara jJAyaka svabhAva AtmA ko hI anubhava karatA hai| yahA~ zuddhanaya nirmalI ke samAna hai| ataH jo zuddha naya kA Azraya karatA hai vahI samyak draSTA hone ke kAraNa samyagdRSTi hai, kintu jo vyavahAranaya kA Azraya karatA hai vaha samyagdRSTi nahIM haiN| ataH karma se bhinna AtmA kA anubhava karane vAloM ke lie vyavahAranaya kA anusaraNa karanA yogya nahIM hai| isa vyAkhyA se adhyAtma meM nizcayanaya ko bhUtArtha aura vyavahAranaya ko abhUtArtha mAnane kA tathA eka ko upAdeya aura dUsare ko heya kahane kA hetu spaSTa ho jAtA hai| nizcayanaya AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA anubhava karAtA hai isalie use zuddhanaya bhI kahate haiN| AcArya kundakunda ne zuddhanaya kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai, 'jo AtmA ko abaddha, aspRSTa, ananya, niyata, avizeSa aura para ke saMyoga se rahita jAnatA hai use zuddhanaya jaano|14 isa para TIkA karate hue AcArya amRtacandra eka dRSTAnta dvArA ise spaSTa karate haiM, 'jaise jala meM DUbe hue kamalinI ke pattoM kI jala meM DUbI huI avasthA ko dekhate hue unakA jala se spRSTa honA bhUtArtha hai, kintu jaba hama kamalinI ke pattoM ke svabhAva ko lakSya meM rakhakara dekhate haiM to unakA jala se 258 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #261
spRSTapanA abhUtArtha hai; kyoMki kamalinI kA patra jala se sadA aspRSTa hI rahatA hai| isI taraha AtmA kI anAdi pudgala karmoM se baddha aura spRSTa avasthA kA jaba anubhava karate haiM to AtmA kA baddhapanA, spRSTapanA bhUtArtha hai, kintu jaba AtmA ke svabhAva kA anubhava karate haiM to baddha - spRSTapanA abhUtArtha hai| 5 AtmA kI do avasthAe~ haiM - eka svAbhAvika aura eka vaibhAvika / svAbhAvika avasthA yathArtha hone se bhUtArtha hai aura vaibhAvika avasthA aupAdhika hone abhUtArtha hai / bhUtArthagrAhI nizcayanaya hai aura abhUtArthagrAhI vyavahAranaya hai / yadyapi AtmA anAdi kAla se karma pudgaloM se baddha aura spRSTa hone se baddha aura spRSTa pratIta hotA hai; karma ke nimitta se hone vAlI nara-nArakAdi paryAyoM meM bhinna-bhinna dRSTigocara hotA hai; darzana, jJAna, cAritra Adi guNoM meM viziSTa pratIta hotA hai tathA karma ke nimitta se hone vAle rAga-dveSa - moha rUpa pariNAmoM se saMyukta pratIta hotA hai| isa taraha vyavahAranaya se AtmA buddha, spRSTa, anyarUpa, aniyata, viziSTa aura saMyukta pratIta hotA hai / vyavahAranaya se ye saba pratItiyA~ bhUtArtha haiM, kintu vyavahAradRSTi se jJAyaka svabhAva rUpa AtmA ko nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| ataH AtmA ke asAdhAraNa jJAyaka svabhAva ko lakSya meM rakhane para ukta saba bhAva abhUtArtha haiN| se sArAMza yaha hai ki paradravya ke sambandha se azuddhatA hotI hai, kintu usake hone mUladravya, anya dravyarUpa nahIM ho jAtA, kevala paradravya ke saMyoga se avasthA malina ho jAtI hai / dravyadRSTi se to usa avasthA meM bhI dravya vahI hai, kintu paryAyadRSTi se dekhane para malina hI dikhAI detA hai / isI taraha AtmA kA svabhAva jJAyaka mAtra hai, kintu pudgala karma ke nimitta se usakI avasthA rAgAdirUpa malina ho rahI hai| paryAyadRSTi se dekhane para vaha malina hI dikhAI detI hai, kintu dravyadRSTi se dekhane para jJAyakarUpa hI hai, vaha jar3arUpa nahIM ho gayA hai| ataH dravyadRSTi meM azuddhatA gauNa hai, vyavahAra hai, abhUtArtha hai, asatyArtha hai, upacarita hai aura dravyadRSTi zuddha hai, nizcaya hai, bhUtArtha hai, satyArtha hai, paramArtha hai| tathya yaha hai ki zuddhatA aura azuddhatA donoM vAstavika haiM, kintu azuddhatA paradravya ke saMyoga se hone se Agantuka hai jabaki zuddhatA svabhAvabhUta hai| isa antara ke kAraNa hI eka abhUtArtha hai aura dUsarI bhUtArtha / jo naya abhUtArtha azuddhadazA kA anubhava karAtA hai vaha heya hai; kyoMki azuddha naya kA viSaya saMsAra hai aura zuddhanaya kA viSaya mokSa hai| zuddhanaya kI apekSA AtmA apane ekapane meM niyata hai, svakIya guNa - paryAyoM meM vyApta hai tathA pUrNa caitanya piNDa hai| aise AtmA kA AtmAtirikta padArthoM se pRthak anubhava karanA hI bheda vijJAna hai / isa bheda vijJAna nayoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 259 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #262
kI prApti zuddhaya se hI ho sakatI hai / yahI zuddhAtma svarUpa kI prApti kA upAya hai; kyoMki adhyAtma kA lakSya hai AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kI pratIti, anubhUti aura praapti| vaha nizcayanaya ke binA sambhava nahIM hai| AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA darzana usI se hotA hai| isI se use zuddhanaya bhI kahA hai / usakA svarUpa AcArya amRtacandra ne kahA hai--' rAgAdi bhAvoM se bhinna, apane guNoM se paripUrNa, Adi aura anta se rahita, eka tathA samasta saMkalpa - vikalpoM ke jAla se vimukta Atma svabhAva ko prakAzita karatA huA vaha zuddhanaya udita hotA hai| 26 AtmasvabhAvaM parabhAvabhinnamApUrNamAdyanta vimuktamekam / vilIna-saMkalpa-vikalpa-jAlaM prakAzayan zuddhanayo'bhyudeti / 110 11 1 yaha zuddhanaya AtmA ke yathArtha svAbhAvika rUpa ko hI grahaNa karatA hai| usakA vaha svAbhAvika rUpa hI upAdeya hotA hai / usI kI prApti ke lie saMsArI jIva prayatna karatA hai| ataH vahI svarUpa dhyAna karane yogya hai| jo vyakti jaisA honA cAhatA hai vaisA hI satata cintana karatA hai| zuddha svarNa kI prApti kA icchuka khAna se svarNapASANa prApta karake bhI pASANa ko upAdeya nahIM mAnatA, svarNa ko hI upAdeya mAnatA hai| ataH usake lie sabase prathama to usa dRSTi kI upayogitA hai jo svarNapASANa dazA meM bhI zuddhasvarNa kI pahacAna karAtI hai| zuddhasvarNa kI pahacAna ho jAne para vaha use apanI dRSTi se ojhala nahIM hone detA aura usakI prApti ke lie prayatnazIla rahatA hai / isI prakAra mumukSu bhI nizcayadRSTi ke dvArA karmalipta AtmaavasthA meM bhI AtmA ke yathArtha svarUpa ke darzana karake satata usI kI prApti ke lie prayatnazIla rahatA hai / usI kA dhyAna karane kI ceSTA meM rahatA hai aura apanI asamarthatAvaza anya savikalpaka dhyAna karate hue bhI usI Atma svarUpa ko eka mAtra dhyeya mAnatA hai, tabhI vaha apane dhyeya ko prApta karane meM samartha hotA hai / isa prakAra zuddhAtma svarUpa kI prApti ke lie nizcayanaya yA zuddhanaya kI upayogitA siddha hotI hai| vahI upAdeya hai, sAdhya hai, kintu jina jIvoM ko isakI prApti nahIM ho sakI hai, jo ajJAna dazA meM hI par3e hue haiM, unako sumArga para lAne ke lie, AtmasvarUpa hI pahacAna karAne ke lie vyavahAranaya upayogI hai| isI ko samayasAra kI dArzanika bhASA meM yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'jo paramabhAvadarzI haiM arthAt zuddhanaya ko prApta kara pUrNa zraddhA, jJAna aura cAritravAn haiM unake lie to zuddhatattva kA kathana karane vAlA zuddhanaya hI grAhya hai, kintu jo aparamabhAva meM sthita haiM arthAt zraddhA, jJAna aura cAritra ke pUrNa bhAva ko prApta nahIM kara sake haiM, abhI 260 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #263
sAdhaka avasthA meM hI haiM yA jinakA aisA lakSya hI nahIM hai unako sambodhane ke lie vyavahAranaya upayogI hai, ve vyavahAranaya dvArA upadeza karane yogya haiN|" nizcaya aura vyavahAra ye donoM hI naya apane-apane viSaya kI dRSTi se tattvabodhaka haiN| jo jIva nizcaya aura vyavahAra ko ThIka prakAra se samajhakara ekAnta pakSa kA parityAga karatA hai aura madhyastha vRtti ko grahaNa karatA hai vahI zuddhAtma svarUpa ko samajhakara use prApta kara sakatA hai| ataH vastu svarUpa kA parijJAna karane ke lie donoM nayoM kA Alambana Avazyaka hai| AtmazraddhA yA AtmAnubhUti ke samaya nizcayanaya kA avalambana upAdeya hai aura vyavahAranaya kA avalambana heya hai| kintu jaba taka vaha avasthA prApta nahIM huI hai taba taka vyavahAranaya kA avalambana bhI upAdeya hai| isaprakAra ubhayanayoM kA avalambana apekSA bheda se Avazyaka hai| isI bAta ko AcArya amRtacandra ne uktagAthA kI vyAkhyA karate hue eka uddharaNa dvArA kahA hai, 'he bhavya jIvo! yadi jina mata kA pravartana karanA cAhate ho to vyavahAra aura nizcaya, donoM nayoM ko mata chor3o; kyoMki vyavahAranaya ke binA to tIrtha yAni vyavahAramArga kA hI nAza ho jAegA aura nizcayanaya ke binA tattva yAni vastusvarUpa kA hI vinAza ho jaaegaa| ___ sAdhanAvasthA meM donoM hI naya upayogI haiN| donoM kI sApekSatA meM hI sAdhya kI siddhi ho sakatI hai| vAstava meM donoM meM hI sAdhya-sAdhana sambandha pAyA jAtA hai| nizcayasAdhya hai aura vyavahAra usakA sAdhana hai| sAdhana ke binA sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM hotii| jaise koI vyakti kisI U~cI maMjila para paha~canA cAhatA hai to use kisI sIr3hI kA hI sahArA lenA par3egA, binA sIr3hI ke sahAre maMjila para nahIM pahu~ca sakatA, vaise hI prArambha meM vyavahAranaya kA avalambana liye binA nizcaya kI prApti sambhava nahIM hai, kintu vyavahAra ke dvArA nizcaya kI prApti tabhI hogI jaba nizcaya kI ora lakSya hogA aura jaise manuSya sIr3hI para paira isalie rakhatA hai ki use chor3atA huA Age kI ora bar3hatA calA jaay| yadi koI sIr3hI ko hI pakar3akara baiTha jAya aura usake dvArA maMjila para car3hane kI bAta bhulA baiThe to vaha trikAla meM bhI maMjila para nahIM pahu~ca sktaa| usI taraha yadi koI nizcaya ke lakSya ko bhulAkara vyavahAra ko hI sAdhya mAnakara usI meM rama jAtA hai to usakA vyavahAra nizcaya kA sAdhaka nahIM hai| jo sAdhaka nizcaya para lakSya rakhakara usI kI prApti ke lie tanmaya hotA huA anyagati na hone se vyavahAra ko apanAtA hai vaha use upAdeya samajha kara nahIM apanAtA, heya samajha kara hI apanAtA hai| aisA hI vyavahAra nayoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 261 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #264
nizcaya kA sAdhana hotA hai| aisA sAdhaka jyoM-jyoM nizcaya kI aura bar3hatA jAtA hai tyoM-tyoM azuddha pariNatirUpa bhedamUlaka vyavahAra chUTatA jAtA hai aura jyoM-jyoM vaha vyavahAra chUTatA jAtA hai tyoM-tyoM sAdhaka nizcaya kI ora bar3hatA jAtA hai| jo vyavahAra ko apanAkara usI meM rama jAtA hai vaha sAdhaka hI nahIM hai| sacce sAdhaka kI dRSTi se eka kSaNa ke lie bhI nizcaya naya kA lakSya ojhala nahIM hotaa| yahA~ yaha siddhAnta bhI nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki Akhira meM yaha vyavahAranaya heya hai, sarvathA upAdeya nahIM hai| aura na hI sarvathA heya hai, kathaMcit upAdeya hai| isIlie vyavahAranaya ko kathaMcit asatyArtha kahA hai| sarvathA asatyArtha nahIM kahA hai| yaha bhI satya ke nikaTa pahu~cAne vAlA hai, kintu yadi koI use sarvathA asatyArtha ' jAnakara chor3a de to vaha zubhopayoga rUpa vyavahAra mArga ko bhI chor3a degaa| isakA pariNAma yaha hogA ki vaha zuddhopayoga (AtmA kI zuddhadazA) to prApta huA hI. nahIM, ulTA azubhopayoga (AtmA kI atyanta azuddhadazA) meM hI Akara bhraSTa hokara patana ke garta meM par3a jaaegaa| isalie zuddhanaya kA viSaya jo sAkSAt zuddhAtmA hai usakI prApti jaba taka na ho jAya taba taka vyavahAranaya bhI upayogI hai, prayojanavAn hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki vyavahAranaya vyavahArIjana ko samajhAne ke lie upayogI hai| jaise-kisI mleccha puruSa ko mlecchabhASA ke binA apanI bAta nahIM samajhAI jA sakatI vaise hI vyavahArIjana ko vyavahAra ke binA paramArtha kA upadeza nahIM diyA jA sktaa| isa para TIkA karate hue AcArya amRtacandra ne vizleSaNa kiyA hai, 'jisa prakAra kisI puruSa ko koI brAhmaNa 'svasti' kaha kara AzIrvAda de to vaha kucha bhI nahIM samajhatA, kevala A~kheM phAr3akara TakaTakI lagAkara bar3e gaura se dekhatA raha jAtA hai ki yaha kyA kaha rahA hai ? kintu jaba vahI bAta usakI mleccha bhASA meM samajhAI jAtI hai to vaha jhaTa samajha jAtA hai aura Ananda vibhora ho jAtA hai| vaise hI vyavahArIjana 'AtmA' kahane se kucha bhI nahIM samajhate; kyoMki unheM AtmA ke svarUpa kA koI jJAna hI nahIM hai, kintu jaba vyavahAra mArga kA avalambana lekara samajhAyA jAtA hai ki 'jisameM darzana, jJAna, cAritra hai, vaha AtmA hai', aisA kahane se jhaTa samajha jAte haiN| jagat ke samasta vyavahArIjana mleccha ke samAna haiM aura vyavahAranaya mlecchabhASA ke samAna hai| ata: vyavahAra ke dvArA hI zuddhanayarUpa paramArtha ko samajhA jA sakatA hai| isalie paramArtha kA pratipAdaka hone se vyavahAranaya kA upedaza kiyA jAtA hai| kintu brAhmaNa ko mleccha nahIM ho jAnA cAhie isI 262 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #265
vacana se vyavahAranaya anusaraNa yogya nahIM hai| vyavahAranaya ke binA paramArtha kA upadeza nahIM diyA jA sakatA, ata: usakA avalambana liyA jAtA hai yadyapi aparamArtha kA pratipAdaka hone se vyavahAranaya abhUtArtha hai to bhI usake binA paramArtha kA upadeza nahIM ho sktaa| jo ajJAnI jIva haiM unheM jJAnI puruSa Atmadravya meM bheda karake samajhAtA hai ki yaha jo dekhane-jAnane vAlA hai, jJAna, darzana guNavAlA hai, vaha AtmA hai aura vaha dRzyamAna jar3a jagat se sarvathA bhinna hai| taba ve ajJAnI jIva AtmasvarUpa ko samajhakara usameM pravRtta hote haiM aura paramArtha ko prApta kara lete haiN| ataH vyavahAranaya kI yahI upayogitA hai| nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke viSaya meM yaha jJAtavya hai ki ina donoM nayoM kA viSaya paraspara sarvathA viruddha hai| yahA~ taka ki ye donoM '36' ke aMka ke samAna eka dUsare ke viparIta haiN| isa viSaya kA sUkSma vivecana AcArya kundakunda ne apanI painI dRSTi se kiyA hai| vyavahAra naya jise kahatA hai, nizcaya naya usakA niSedha karatA hai| nizcaya naya jise kahatA hai, vyavahAra naya usameM bheda DAlatA hai| vyavahAra naya kahatA hai ki jIva kI baddhadazA hai, kintu nizcayanaya kahatA hai ki jIva to svabhAva se abaddha hai| kahIM AkAza ko bhI koI talavAra se cIra sakatA hai? jaba AtmA amUrtika hai taba mUrtika pudgala karmoM ke sAtha usakA bandha kaise ho sakatA hai? nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se jIva aura zarIra kabhI bhI eka padArtha nahIM ho sakate, kintu vyavahAranaya jIva aura zarIra kI ekatA pratiSThApita karatA hai| isI prakAra darzana, jJAna, cAritra-rUpa pariNata yaha AtmA jAnatA hai ki nizcayanaya se 'maiM eka hU~', 'zuddha hU~', darzana-jJAnamaya hU~, sadA arUpI hU~, paradravya kiMcit mAtra yahA~ taka ki paramANu mAtra bhI merA nahIM haiN| maiM to eka zAzvata, zuddhAtmA huuN| zeSa saba Atma-bhinna para padArtha zubhAzubha karmoM ke saMyoga se prApta haiM, ataH mujhase sarvathA bhinna haiN| nizcayanaya se jIva ke varNa nahIM, gandha nahIM, rAga aura dveSa bhI nahIM hai| aura jIva ke ye sabhI haiM, aisA vyavahAranaya se kahA jAtA hai| jaise gA~va ke kisI eka vyakti ko corI karate hue dekhakara vyavahAra se yaha kaha diyA jAtA hai ki yaha gA~va to cora hai, kintu nizcaya se vicAra kiyA jAe to gA~va cora nahIM, kintu gA~va kA vaha vyakti cora hai| isI prakAra jIva meM zarIra ke sambandha se rUpa, rasa, gandha kA vyavahAra hotA hai| nizcayanaya se to jIva zuddhasvarUpa hai, use sAMsArika kevala vyavahAranaya se hI kahA jAtA hai| isI prakAra kartA-karma ke sambandha meM bhI ina dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA jA nayoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 263 . For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #266
sakatA hai| yaha kahanA ki jIva rAga-dveSAdi pudgala karmoM kA kartA hai aura unhIM kA bhoktA hai, yaha saba vyavahAra hai| nizcayanaya se to yaha AtmA apane zuddha jJAna bhAvoM kA hI kartA aura bhoktA hai| yahI bhAva AcArya nemicandra ne bhI abhivyakta kiyA hai| isI prakAra zubha-azubha yA puNya-pApa ke viSaya meM bhI nizcaya-vyavahAra kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| dainika jIvana-vyavahAra ke kSetra meM rAga, dveSa, krodhAdi kaSAya tathA hiMsAdi krUrakarmarUpa azubha (pApa) bhAva to tyAjya haiM hI, usake lie to koI sthAna hai hI nahIM, para jIva-dayA Adi ahiMsA tathA, vrata, niyama, saMyama, bhagavadbhakti Adi zubha (puNya) bhAva grahaNa karane yogya haiN| yahA~ yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki kyA adhyAtma kSetra meM nizcayadRSTi se zubhabhAva upAdeya (grahaNa karane yogya) hai yA heya (chor3ane yogya) hai? isakA samAdhAna yaha prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai ki jaba taka jIva zuddhatA yA AtmAnubhava ko prApta nahIM kara letA taba taka usake lie zubhabhAva rUpa prarvatanA caahie| siddhAntataH nizcayadRSTi vAlA jIva bhagavaddarzana, pUjana, vrata, saMyamAdi zubha bhAvoM ko karatA huA bhI unheM upodaya nahIM mAnatA hai| bhavana ke Upara jAne ke lie manuSya sIr3hiyoM kA upayoga karatA hai, parantu sIr3hiyoM kI sundaratA dekha unhIM meM rama kara nahIM raha jAtA, kintu unheM chor3akara apane lakSya sthAna para pahu~ca jAtA hai| isI prakAra manuSya darpaNa ko dekhatA hai| kisalie dekhatA hai? kyA isalie dekhatA hai ki darpaNa bar3A sundara hai ? usakA phrema hIrA, pannA Adi ratnoM se jar3A huA hai ? nahIM, darpaNa isalie dekhatA hai ki usake mAdhyama se apane mukha ko dekhatA hai aura usako dekhakara mukha para lagI huI kAlimA Adi ko dUra karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| vivekI manuSya bhagavAn ke pratibimba ke darzana isalie nahIM karatA ki vaha cA~dI, sone, hIrA, pannA, javAharAta kA hai, bar3A sundara lagatA hai, kintu isalie karatA hai ki usake darzana ke mAdhyama se hameM apane andara bhI vidyamAna vItarAga svarUpa kA darzana hotA hai| jisane pratimA ke darzana kara apane ApakA, apane vItarAgasvarUpa ke darzana kA udyama nahIM kiyA usakA darzana karanA niSphala hai| isI prakAra darzana-pUjana Adi zubhopayoga ke kAryoM ko nizcaya dRSTi vAlA karatA hai aura bar3I ruci ke sAtha karatA hai, parantu zraddhA meM unheM mokSa kA sAdhaka na hone se sarvathA upAdeya nahIM maantaa| azubha, zubha aura zuddha ye tIna prakAra ke bhAva haiN| inameM azubha (pApa) bhAva to heya hI haiM ise saba loga mAnate haiM, para zubha (puNya) bhAva chor3ane yogya hai yA grahaNa karane yogya? isa viSaya para vivAda calatA hai, para vivAda kI koI bAta hI nahIM hai| puNya 264 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #267
aura pApa ina donoM bhAvoM ko sAmane rakhakara jaba carcA kI jAtI hai ki inameM chor3ane yogya kyA hai ? aura grahaNa karane yogya kyA hai ? taba pratyeka samajhadAra vyakti yahI uttara detA hai ki puNyabhAva upAdeya hai, parantu jaba zuddha aura zubha (puNya) bhAva ko sAmane rakhakara carcA kI jAtI hai ki ina donoM meM upAdeya kyA hai ? aura heya kyA hai ? isakA uttara AcArya kundakunda ne eka dRSTAnta dvArA bar3e sundara DhaMga se diyA hai ki zuddha bhAva upAdeya hai aura puNyabhAva heya hai / pApabhAva lauhanirmita bandhana ke samAna hai aura puNyabhAva svarNanirmita bandhana ke samAna haiM / tattvadRSTi se donoM hI bandhana haiM, jIva kI svatantra dazA (mukta dazA) ke bAdhaka haiM / isaprakAra pApabhAva aura puNyabhAva donoM hI karmabandha ke kAraNa haiM ataeva heya yA chor3ane yogya haiM / 27 isakA abhiprAya yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki zubhakarma jIvana meM pUrNatayA heya hai| jaba taka manuSya AtmAnubhava kI bhUmikA para avasthita nahIM hotA taba taka zubhakarma hote hI hai| usa bhUmikA ko prApta karane ke pahale hI yadi zubhakarmoM ko heya mAna liyA jAegA to vyakti azubha se bacane ke lie kisakA sahArA legA? isase yaha bhI nahIM samajha lenA cAhie ki vaha zubha karate-karate zuddha ko prApta kara legA / zuddha bhAvoM kI prApti to zuddha bhAvoM se hI hogI, zubha se nhiiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, nirvikalpaka avasthA kI prApti savikalpaka avasthA se nahIM ho sakatI / isa prakAra nizcaya aura vyavahAra ina donoM nayoM kA viSaya paraspara sarvathA viruddha hai, kintu jo jIva svayaM moha kA vamana kara ina donoM nayoM ke virodha ko dhvasta karane vAle 'syAt' pada se cihnita naya vacanoM kA anusaraNa karatA hai vaha paramajyoti svarUpa AtmA ko avagata kara letA hai 128 ukta kathana kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki vastusvarUpa kA parijJAna prApta karane ke lie donoM nayoM kA avalambana Avazyaka hai, kintu AtmazraddhA yA AtmAnubhUti ke samaya vyavahAranaya kA avalambana heya hai, para vastusvarUpa kA yathArtha jJAna prApta karane ke lie ubhayanayoM kA avalambana Avazyaka hai| yadi koI ina donoM meM se eka ko hI yathArtha mAnakara usI kA avalambana kare to vaha mithyA hai, kyoMki kevala vyavahAra kA avalambana karane se jIva ke zuddhasvarUpa kI pratIti trikAla meM bhI nahIM ho sakatI aura usa vyavahAra ke binA zuddha svarUpa kI prApti kA to prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| jisakI pahacAna hI nahIM usakI prApti kaisI ? isI taraha yadi koI nizcayanaya ke viSayabhUta zuddhasvarUpa ko hI yathArtha mAnakara yahI bhUla jAya ki merI vartamAna dazA azuddha hai to vaha usakI zuddhatA ke lie prayatna hI kyoM karegA? aura prayatna na karane para vaha azuddha kA azuddha hI banA rhegaa| ataH sApekSa donoM nayoM nayoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 265 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #268
se vastusvarUpa ko jAnanA hI samyagjJAna hai| vastusvarUpa ke parijJAna ke lie donoM hI naya Avazyaka haiN| jisa prakAra vastu ko dekhane ke lie do A~kheM haiM usI prakAra vastusvarUpa ko samajhane ke lie do nayoM kI AvazyakatA rahatI hai| jo kevala eka A~kha se dekhatA hai vaha kAnA kahalAtA hai isI prakAra jo kevala eka naya se padArtha ko dekhatA hai arthAt usako jAnatA hai vaha ekAntI hai| prArambhika dazA meM vyavahAradRSTi prabala rahatI hai aura nizcayadRSTi nirbl| Age calakara jyoM-jyoM nizcayadRSTi prabala hotI jAtI hai tyoM-tyoM vyavahAradRSTi nirbala hotI jAtI hai| ye donoM naya athavA donoM dRSTiyA~ tarAjU ke do palar3oM ke samAna haiN| tarAjU acchI vahI samajhI jAtI hai jisake donoM palar3oM meM thor3A bhI pAsaMga (antara) na ho| vaktA ko ina donoM dRSTiyoM kA santulana rakhate hue vivecana karanA caahie| ina donoM nayoM ko tattva-vivecana meM gauNa aura mukhya to kiyA jA sakatA hai, para chor3A kisI ko nahIM jA sakatA arthAt na to eka naya ko pradhAna kara dUsare naya ko chor3A jA sakatA hai aura na donoM nayoM ko pradhAna kiyA jA sakatA hai, na donoM nayoM ko gauNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| vastu ko samajhane ke lie donoM naya samAna haiM, koI choTA yA bar3A nahIM hai| donoM kI sApekSatA apekSita hai| yahA~ vizeSarUpa se yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai ki nayoM kI sUkSmaviSayatA se anabhijJa jana vyavahAra ko sarvathA heya kahane lagate haiM, kintu ve isa bAta ko bhUla jAte haiM ki eka to adhyAtma ke pratiSThApaka AcArya kundakunda ne apane samayasAra Adi adhyAtmagranthoM meM vyavahAra ko heya to kahA kintu sarvathA heya nahIM khaa| unhoMne nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM ke vivecana meM anekAntadRSTi ko nahIM chor3A hai, sApekSa nirUpaNa hI kiyA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki vyavahAranaya bhI anekAntAtmaka vastupratipAdaka nayavikalpa rUpa jJAna kI hI paryAya hai| vaha vastu meM jo bhAva nahIM hai usakA bhI bheda aura upacAra se kathana karatA hai isalie asatyArtha yA mithyA kahA jAtA hai| vaise to vaha bhI sApekSatA se vastusvarUpa kA pratipAdaka hone se samyaknaya hai| hA~ usake pratipAdya-viSaya ko hI kalyANakArI samajhakara upAdeya mAnanA mithyA hI nahIM, sarvathA mithyA hai, ataeva heya hai, kintu sApekSatA se vastusvarUpa kA pratipAdaka hone se vaha mithyA nahIM, samyak hai / vyavahAra kA apanA viSaya tathA sImA hai aura nizcaya kA bhI apanA viSaya tathA sImA hai| donoM hI apanI-apanI dRSTi se apane-apane viSaya ke pratipAdaka haiM, kintu vaha pratipAdana sApekSatA se hI karate haiM tabhI vastusvarUpa kI yathArtha siddhi hotI hai| isa prakAra ina donoM nayoM ke svarUpa 266 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #269
kI itanI spaSTatA hone para bhI aikAntika nizcaya ke vyAmoha meM vyavahAra ko sarvathA chor3anA eka bar3I bhUla hai, para isa vicAra kI bhI avahelanA nahIM kI jA sakatI ki vyavahAra ke cakra meM pha~se rahakara nizcaya ko chor3a denA usase bhI bar3I bhUla hai| nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM eka hI sikke kI do pIThikAe~ hai / jinheM anekAntAtmaka dRSTi ke prakAza meM parakhanA hogA; kyoMki AcArya hemacandra ke zabdoM meM, anekAnta ke binA nayoM kI sthiti nahIM bana sakatI arthAt anekAntavAda ko chor3akara vastusvarUpa ke prarUpaNa karane kA dUsarA koI mArga nahIM hai / ata: inheM vastusvarUpa ke anusAra grahaNa karanA hogA / ananta janmoM meM ananta bAra vyavahAra ko pakar3ane kA prayatna kiyA, para apane mUla upAdAna kI ora dRSTipAta nahIM kiyaa| puruSArtha ke yathArtha svarUpa ko nahIM phcaanaa| puruSArtha kI prabalatA hone para nimitta sAmagrI kA sAhAyya prApta honA svAbhAvika hai| kArya kI utpatti antaraMga aura bahiraMga kAraNoM ke milane se hotI hai| ataH AtmasAdhanA ke lie Avazyaka hai ki AtmA ke vibhAva dvAra ko pAra kara usake svabhAva ke bhavyadvAra meM praveza kiyA jaae| isI se vikalpa kA viSa AcAra-vicAra ke jJAnAmRta meM parivartita ho jAtA hai aura rAta kI prApti hone lagatI hai| azuddha se zuddha hone para cetana paramacetana ho jAtA hai aura karmabandha kSINa hote haiN| aisI avasthA meM vyavahAra kI heyatA kI to bAta kyA nizcaya kA vikalpa bhI chUTa jAtA hai; kyoMki yadi Atma-svabhAva kA vizleSaNa kiyA jAya to vaha naya pakSAtIta hai, kintu kaba ? jabaki zuddhanaya kI prApti ho jAtI hai| taba aisA zuddhajIva nirvikalpatA tathA zuddhAnubhUti meM nimagna ho jAtA hai| vaha ina donoM nayoM kI bhUmikA se Upara uThakara paramajyotisvarUpa zuddhAtmatattva kI prApti kI ora bar3hane lagatA hai| aisI zuddhanayAtmaka svAnubhUti kI avasthA ko AcArya amRtacandra ne saMkalpa - vikalpa se mukta zuddhanaya (nirUpAdhi jIvavastu svarUpa) kahA hai| isa svAnubhUti ke abhyudayakAla meM arthAt zuddhanaya ke viSayabhUta zuddhAtmA ke anubhavakAla meM pramANa, naya, nikSepa saba vilIna ho jAte haiM, koI bheda nahIM raha jAtA hai| eka advaita, akhaNDa caitanyapuMja avaziSTa raha jAtA hai| paramAtmatattva ke vicArakAla meM hI pramANa, naya, nikSepa kI upayogitA hai, kintu anubhUtikAla meM to pramANa, naya, nikSepa se nirapekSa zuddhAtmasvarUpa ke darzana ho jAte haiN| pUrNa nirvikalpaka avasthA ho jAtI hai| isI ko kaivalya yA paramAnanda avasthA kahate haiN| saMkSipta niSkarSa yahI hai ki adhyAtmanaya nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke viSaya meM nayoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda - prabheda :: 267 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #270
pUrNa sAvadhAnI kI AvazyakatA hai| donoM hI naya tattva pratipAdana kAla meM apekSita evaM tattvAnubhUti kAla meM upekSita ho jAte haiM / jo prabuddha sAdhaka adhyAtmArthI isa viveka dRSTi ko sAmane rakhakara sAdhanAmArga meM pravRtta hote haiM ve hI nayapakSAtIta, nirUpAdhi Atmatattva svarUpa zuddhanaya ko prApta karate haiM; kyoMki Atmahita kI sAdhanA meM vyavahAranaya ko chor3akara antastattva kA avalokana karanA hotA hai| ataH sAdhanA ke prasaMga meM vyavahAranaya heya ho jAtA hai| pazcAt zuddhanayAtmaka jJAnAnubhUti ke prasaMga meM nizcayanaya bhI heya ho jAtA hai, kintu vastusvarUpa ke paricaya ke prasaMga meM na to nizcayanaya heya hai aura na vyavahAranaya heya hai| donoM naya apekSita haiM, donoM hI kAryakArI haiN| isI vivekaparaka sAdhanA se AtmakalyANa ho sakatA hai| T nizcaya aura vyavahAranaya ke bheda-prabheda nizcayanaya ke bheda - abhedavidhi se dravya ke viSaya meM jAnanA nizcayanaya hai / nizcayanaya kA viSaya abheda hai| isake do prakAra haiN| 32 zuddhanizcayanaya aura azuddhanizcayanaya / (1) zuddhanizcayanaya" - jo naya karmajanita vikAra se rahita guNa aura guNI ko abheda rUpa se grahaNa karatA hai vaha zuddhanizcayanaya hai| jaise- 'kevala jJAna svarUpa jIva hai' arthAt jIva kevala jJAnamayI hai, kyoMki jJAna jIva kA svarUpa 1 zuddhanizcayanaya kA viSaya zuddhadravya hai / jIva aura ajIva ke zuddha svabhAva kA vivecana karatA hai| zuddhanizcayanaya kI apekSA jIva ke na bandha hai, na mokSa hai| (2) azuddhanizcayanaya" - jo naya karmajanita vikAra sahita guNa aura guNI ko abheda rUpa se grahaNa karatA hai use azuddhanizcayanaya kahate haiM / jaisematijJAnAdisvarUpa jIva hai athavA eka dravya meM abheda vidhi se azuddhaparyAya kA jJAna honA azuddhanizcayanaya hai / jaise jIva rAgI hai Adi azuddhaparyAyamaya dravya kA paricaya honA / azuddhanizcayanaya saMsArI jIva ko guNa aura guNI meM abheda dRSTi se grahaNa karatA hai; kyoMki saMsArI jIva karmajanita vikAra sahita hotA hai / saMsArI jIva meM matijJAna jJAna guNa kI vikArI avasthA hai / isI prakAra nizcayanaya kA eka bheda paramazuddha nizcayanaya bhI hai| akhaNDa parama svabhAva kA jJAna honA akhaNDa parama zuddhanizcayanaya hai / jaise- akhaNDa zAzvata sahaja caitanya svabhAvamAtra AtmA kA paricaya honA / zuddha dravya svabhAva kA jJAna honA bhI parama zuddhanizcayanaya hai| ukta bheda-kathana kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki zuddhanizcayanaya vivakSitavastu ko 268 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #271
zuddhasvarUpa se hI jAnatA hai, vastu ko vikAroM se pRthak dekhatA hai| vastu ko zuddhasvarUpa meM dekhanA hI isa naya kA kAma hai| jaise-jIva ke vikAra pariNamanoM ko jIva ke na batAkara pudgala ke hI btaanaa| ina samasta paudgalika rAgAdi vikAroM se rahita eka zuddha jIva ko jAnanA zuddhanizcayanaya hai| ___vyavahAranaya ko gauNakara arthAt bheda-vidhi se jAnane kA upayoga na karake nizcayanaya ko mukhyakara abheda-vidhi se jAnate hue paramazuddha nizcayanaya ko prApta kara vahA~ rahane vAle svabhAva ke eka vikalpa ko bhI atikrAnta kara jaba svAnubhava prApta ho jAtA hai taba saMkalpa vikalpa ko dhvasta karatA huA zuddhanaya udita hotA hai| isake pariNAmasvarUpa hI pramANa-naya-nikSepa ke sabhI vikalpa vilIna ho jAte haiM aura yaha zuddhAtmA svayaM pramANa svarUpa ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra kI yaha jJAnasthiti zuddhanaya hai| zuddhanaya kI avasthA meM koI bheda yA prakAra nahIM hotA, vahA~ to nayavikalpa se atikrAnta akhaNDa antastattva kA abhedadarzana hotA hai| vyavahAranaya ke bheda-bhedavidhi se vastu ko jAnane vAle naya ko vyavahAranaya kahate haiN| vyavahAranaya kA viSaya bheda aura upacAra hai| isa naya ke mukhya rUpa se do bheda haiM-sadbhUta vyavahAranaya aura asadbhUta vyvhaarny| (1) sadbhUta vyavahAranaya -sadbhUta kA artha hai sat meM rahane vAle guNa aura unakI vRtti kA nAma hai vyavahAra arthAt padArtha meM rahane vAle guNoM kA pratipAdana karanA, unakA parijJAna karanA sadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai| vastu svayaM apane Apa meM eka nija akhaNDarUpa hai| usa vastu ke guNa jAnakara usI vastu meM batAnA sadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai| yaha vyavahAranaya yathArtha hai; kyoMki yaha naya vastu ke asAdhAraNa guNoM kA vivecana karatA hai| jIva meM jJAna, darzana, sukha, zraddhA, cAritra Adi aneka guNa haiM, ina guNoM se viziSTa akhaNDa AtmA ke guNoM kA pratipAdaka sadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai| akhaNDa vastu ke guNoM kA prakAzaka hone ke kAraNa hI yaha naya yathArtha kahA jAtA hai, para isameM upacArapanA isa kAraNa se hai ki yaha akhaNDavastu meM guNa-guNI kA bheda karatA hai| vastutaH guNa guNI (dravya) se bhinna nahIM hai phira bhI kathana meM jo guNa-bheda karanA par3atA hai itane mAtra se ise ayathArtha yA asatyArtha kahate haiN| - AcArya devasena ne eka sattAvAle padArthoM ko yA eka vastu ko viSaya karane vAle ko sadbhUta vyavahAranaya kahA hai| jaise-vRkSa eka hai, usameM lagI huI zAkhAe~ Adi yadyapi bhinna haiM tathApi vRkSa hI haiN| usI prakAra sadbhUta vyahAranaya guNa-guNI kA bheda kathana karatA hai| guNa-guNI kA saMjJA, lakSaNa, prayojana Adi kI apekSA bheda nayoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 269 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #272
hai, kintu pradeza sattA bhinna nahIM hai, isalie eka vastu hai| usa eka vastu meM guNaguNI kA saMjJAdi kI apekSA se bheda karanA sadbhUta vyavahAranaya kA viSaya hai| jaisejIva ke jJAna, darzanAdi guNa aura pudgala ke rUpa, rasAdi guNoM kA kathana krnaa| vyavahAranaya ke ina donoM prakAroM meM yaha sadbhUta vyavahAranaya eka vizuddha vyavahAra hai aura yathArtha vastusvarUpa ke nikaTa kA vyavahAra hai| sadbhUta vyavahAranaya ke do bheda haiM -anupacarita aura upcrit| arthAt anupacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya aura upacarita sadbhUta vyvhaarny| yahA~ upacarita aura anupacarita ke artha ko samajha lenA Avazyaka hai| jaba kisI vastu kA parijJAna kisI anya dravya ke Alambana se hotA hai taba vaha paddhati upacarita kahalAtI hai aura jaba kisI vastu kA parijJAna anya dravya ke Alambana ke binA hotA hai taba vaha paddhati anupacarita kahalAtI hai| anupacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya -jisa padArtha ke andara jo zakti hai usakA nirUpaNa jaba kisI anyavizeSa kI apekSA ke binA hotA hai to isa paddhati ko anupacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya kahate haiN| sat (padArtha) meM jo svayaM ho usakA vyavahAra karanA sadbhUta vyavahAra hai| yahI sadbhUta vyavahAra jaba kisI anya tathya kA Alambana lie binA sIdhe sAmAnya paddhati se hotA hai taba vaha anupacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya kahalAtA hai| yaha vyavahAranaya paramArthabhUta tattva ke parijJAna ke lie nikaTatama paddhati hai| jaise-jJAna jIva kA guNa hai| yaha jJAna guNa jIva meM zAzvata, anAdi ananta rahatA hai| isa jJAna ke dvArA ghaTa ko jaanaa| yaha ghaTa viSayaka jJAna ghaTa ke sadbhAva meM huA to yaha ghaTAkAra pratibhAsa hone para bhI vaha jJAna jIva kA ghaTa nirapekSa guNa hai| jIva meM jo bhI jJAna vyakta huA hai vaha ghaTa kI apekSA rakhakara nahIM huA hai| vaha jJAna AtmA kA usa samaya kA paripUrNa pariNamana hai, usa jJAna kA kartA, karma, karaNa, sampradAna, apAdAna, adhikaraNa ye saba isameM guNI haiN| jJAna ko kisane kiyA? isa jJAnI ne| isa jJAnI ne apane abhinna karma ko hI kiyaa| apanI hI jJAna pariNati ke dvArA kiyA, apane hI jAnane ke lie kiyA aura apanI hI pUrva paryAyoM se calakara isa paryAyarUpa meM jJAna kiyA aura ye saba pariNati apane meM hI huii| isaprakAra yaha jJAna kisI anya padArtha se yA udAhRta ghaTa se nahIM huA, kintu yaha jJAna jIva kA ghaTa nirapekSa guNa hai| ghaTa ko viSaya karane se yaha jJAna ghaTa rUpa nahIM ho jaataa| ghaTAkAra honA to isakA svabhAva hai| jitane bhI prameya haiM saba hI kA pratibhAsa honA jJAna kA svarUpa hai| isa udAharaNa ko aura bhI spaSTa karane ke lie eka darpaNa kA dRSTAnta prastuta 270 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #273
kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaise--darpaNa meM sAmane Aye hue padArtha kA pratibimba par3A, usa samaya darpaNa usa padArthAkAra ho gyaa| sabhI darzaka jAnate haiM ki vaha padArtha pratibimbita hai, lekina darpaNa meM usa rUpa kA pratibimbita ho jAnA yaha darpaNa kA hI svabhAva hai, darpaNa kI hI pariNati hai / padArtha kA pratibimba darpaNa meM par3A; kintu darpaNa usa padArtha rUpa nahIM ho jAtA / darpaNa pratibimbita hone para bhI apane hI svarUpa meM hai, pratibimba vAle padArtharUpa nahIM bana gayA / usakA pratibimba na hone para bhI darpaNa apane rUpa meM hI hai / padArthAkAra hone ke samaya darpaNa meM usa padArtha kA koI nahIM AyA yA darpaNa ke koI guNa usa padArtha meM nahI pahu~ca gye| isI prakAra jJAna meM koI padArtha pratibhAsita ho jAya to usa padArtha rUpa yA usa padArtha ke guNa rUpa yaha jJAna nahIM bana jAtA / jJAna to apane jJAna svarUpa hI rahatA hai| jJAna jIva kA guNa aura vaha anya padArtha nirapekSa hai| isa paddhati se samajhA gayA guNa-guNI kA prakAra anupacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai / AcArya devasena ne bhI isI prakAra isa naya kA lakSaNa kiyA hai-- upAdhi rahita arthAt karmajanita vikAra rahita jIva meM guNa aura guNI ke bheda rUpa viSaya ko grahaNa karane vAlA anupacarita - sadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai / jaise-- jIva ke kevalajJAna Adi guNa 140 zuddha guNa-guNI meM bheda kathana karanA anupacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai| pradezatva kI apekSA zuddha guNa-guNI meM abheda kathana karanA zuddha nizcayanaya kA viSaya hai, kintu saMjJA, saMkhyA, lakSaNa, prayojana Adi kI apekSA bheda kathana karanA anupacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai / apanI-apanI apekSA donoM hI kathana yathArtha haiN| inameM se kisI eka kA bhI ekAnta grahaNa karane se vastusvarUpa kA lopa ho jAegA, kyoMki vastu bhedAbhedAtmaka, anekAntamayI hai / upacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya" - jisa padArtha kA jo guNa hai use usa padArtha kA hI batAnA, lekina kisI para kA nAma lekara unakA vyavahAra karanA upacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai| isa vyavahAranaya meM aviruddha upacAra kI bAta huA karatI hai, isameM sahI upacAra hotA hai, kintu vastu kA guNa vastu ke astitva para hI nirbhara rahatA hai, kisI anya para nahIM / aise svatantra guNa ko bhI kisI para - padArtha ke sambandha se pratipAdita karane kI nIti ko upacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya kahate haiN| jaise--ghaTajJAna / yahA~ jJAna ko jIva kA guNa batAyA gayA hai, yaha aMza to sadbhUta hai aura 'jIva kA jJAna' isa taraha guNa guNI kA bheda kiyA gayA hai, yaha vyavahAra kA aMza hai tathA vaha guNa jIva meM ghaTa kA nAma lekara upacarita kiyA gayA, yaha nayoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda - prabheda :: 271 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #274
aMza upacarita aMza hai| aise jJAna vAle naya ko upacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya kahate haiN| upacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya bhI jJAtA ko eka sundara dizA kI ora le jAtA hai / bhale hI vahA~ para se upacAra kiyA gayA hai, lekina jIva ke guNa kA jIva meM hI Aropa kiyA gayA hai| Aropa hotA hai bheda kI sthiti meM, jIva kA hI vaha jJAna hai, lekina usa jJAna kA jIva meM jaba Aropa kiyA jAtA hai to buddhi meM jIva kA svarUpa aura jJAna kA svarUpa bhinna-bhinna samajhA gayA hai aura jaba jJAna kA jIva meM para kA sambandha lekara Aropa kiyA jAtA hai, taba use upacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya kahate haiN| AcArya devasena kI dRSTi se karmajanita vikAra sahita guNa- guNI ke bheda ko viSaya karane vAlA upacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai / 12 jaise- jIva ke matijJAnAdi guNa / azuddhadravya meM guNa- guNI kA bheda kathana karane vAlA upacarita sadbhUtavyavahAranaya hai| azuddhadravya meM guNa- guNI kA pradezatva kI apekSA abheda kathana karanA azuddha- nizcayanaya kA viSaya hai, kintu saMjJA, saMkhyA, lakSaNa, prayojana Adi kI apekSA bheda kathana karanA sadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai| donoM hI kathana apanI-apanI apekSA se vAstavika haiN| inameM se kisI kA bhI ekAnta grahaNa karane se vastusvarUpa kA abhAva ho jAyegA; kyoMki vastu bhedAbhedAtmaka, anekAntamayI hai| (2) asadbhUta vyavahAranaya - 'asadbhUta vyavahAranaya' isa pada meM a + sat + bhUta + vyavahAra ye cAra zabda haiN| inakA sAmUhika artha hai jo sat meM svayaM apane svarUpa se nahIM hai, una bhAvoM kA usa sat meM pratipAdana karanA asadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai| isakA spaSTa artha yaha hai ki dUsare dravya ke guNoM kA balapUrvaka dUsare meM saMyoga karake, milA karake, Aropa yA upacAra karake pratipAdana karanA asadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai| isa naya kI do vidhiyA~ haiM - eka to yaha hai ki para nimitta se hone vAle bhAvoM ko usa vastu ke bhAva batalAnA jisa vastu meM ve hue haiN| ye bhAva usa vastu meM svarUpataH nahIM haiM, ye usake sahaja siddha bhAva nahIM hai, phira bhI unako usa vastu ke kahanA asadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai / dUsarI vidhi yaha hai ki jisa nimitta se vibhAva utpanna hue haiM, usa nimitta meM rahane vAle guNoM kA bhI usa dUsare dravya meM hue bhAvoM meM niSpatti batAnA arthAt dUsare dravya ke guNoM kA balapUrvaka dUsare dravya meM Aropa karanA asadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai| ye donoM vidhiyA~ isa naya ke lakSaNa meM AtI hai| dUsare dravya kA guNa jo Aropita 272 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #275
kiyA gayA hai vaha guNa bhI asadbhUta hai, usake pratipAdana ko asadbhUta vyavahAranaya kahate haiN| isI prakAra dUsare dravya ke nimitta se jo bhAva hue haiM ve vibhAva usa pariNamamAna padArtha meM sahaja nahIM hue haiM, ve usake apane svarUpa nahIM hai| svarUpa na hokara bhI usa vastu ke batAye jA rahe haiM ata: ve bhI asadbhUta vyavahAra kahalAte haiN| jaise-krodhAdi vikAra yA vibhAva karma ke nimitta se hote haiM isalie mUrta haiM tathA unheM jIva kA kahanA asadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai| yahA~ anya dravya ke guNa dharma kA anya meM Aropa kiyA gayA hai, isalie to yaha asadbhUta hai aura isa kathana meM guNa-guNI ke bheda kI pramukhatA hai, isalie yaha vyavahAra hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki bheda meM abheda kA upacAra karanA asadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai| AcArya devasena" ne bhI 'anya ke dharma kA anya meM Aropa karane ko asadbhUta vyavahAranaya kahA hai|' asadbhUta vyavahAranaya ke bhI do bheda haiM-anupacarita aura upcrit| arthAt anupacarita asadbhUta vyavahAranaya aura upacarita asadbhUta vyvhaarny| anupacarita asadbhUta vyavahAranaya-jIvAdika vastu meM sahajasvabhAvata: jo bhAva nahIM hai usakA pratipAdana jaba kisI para kA Alambana liye binA kiyA jAtA hai taba vaha anupacarita asadbhUta vyavahAranaya kahalAtA hai| jaise-abuddhipUrvaka hone vAlI kaSAyoM meM jIva ke bhAvoM kI vivakSA karanA, vaha anupacarita asadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai| ye krodhAdika vikArabhAva karmodaya kA nimitta pAkara hote haiN| ataeva ye jIva ke nahIM kahe jA skte| yadyapi kaSAya bhAva jIva meM hI pariNama rahe haiM, parantu kevala jIva meM jIva ke hI nimitta se svarUpataH utpanna nahIM ho rahe haiM, ataeva ye jIva ke nahIM kahe jAte, isa kAraNa ye asadbhUta haiM, aise asadbhUta bhAvoM ko binA upacAra ke pratipAdana karanA anupacarita asadbhUta vyavahAra hai|| _ ina vikAra bhAvoM meM anupacaritatA isa DhaMga se AtI hai ki ye vikAra bhAva do prakAra ke hote hai-eka buddhi gata aura dUsare abuddhigt| jo bhAva buddhi meM A rahe haiM, sthUlatA se udaya meM A rahe haiM, jinake viSaya meM hama parijJAna kara sakate haiM, anubhava kara sakate haiM, ve buddhigata haiN| ye kaSAyeM huI haiM' aise buddhigata bhAva to haiM upacarita, kintu jo vikArabhAva abuddhigata haiM, jahA~ ye vikAra sUkSmatA se Azraya meM A rahe haiM, jinake sambandha meM yaha nirNaya bhI nahIM ho pAtA ki 'ye haiM krodhAdika bhAva' aise abuddhigata bhAvoM ko jIva ke batAnA, anupacarita asadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai| isa udAharaNa meM 'vikArabhAvoM ko jIva ke kahanA 'itanA aMza to asadbhUta vyavahAratA kA hai aura ye bhAva jIva (sat) meM sahajasvabhAvataH utpanna nahIM hue, phira bhI unheM jIva ke kahanA yaha aMza asadbhUtatA kA hai| aura nayoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 273 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #276
isake sAtha guNa-guNI kA bheda karanA, paryAya aMza kA jIva se sambandha batAnA, yaha vyavahAra aMza hai aura jo krodhAdika vikAra abuddhigata haiM, anubhava meM nahIM A pA rahe haiM, unako kahanA anupacarita hai / isaprakAra yaha saba anupacarita asadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai| AcArya devasena ne bhI isI prakAra isa naya kA lakSaNa kiyA hai - saMzleSasahita vastu ke sambandhako viSaya karane vAlA anupacarita asadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai| jaise-- jIva kA zarIra Adi / 7 yadyapi jIva kA svacatuSTaya" bhinna hai aura zarIra kA svacatuSTaya bhinna hai, tathApi jIva aura zarIra kA saMzleSasambandha hai / jIva jisa zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA hai, saMkoca yA vistAra guNa ke kAraNa usake Atmapradeza usa zarIra pramANa yA AkArarUpa ho jAte haiN| upacarita asadbhUta vyavahAranaya" - ' krodhAdika vikArabhAva jIva ke haiM' yaha asadbhUta vyavahAranaya kA udAharaNa hai, jisakA vivecana pahale kiyA jA cukA hai, kintu bhRkuTI car3hAnA, mukha kA vivarNa honA, zarIra meM kampana honA ityAdi kriyAoM ko dekhakara krodhAdika ko buddhi gocara mAnanA upacarita hone se prakRta meM 'krodhAdika buddhijanya haiM' yaha mAnyatA upacarita asadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai| ye 'buddhigata krodhAdika bhAva jIva ke haiM' yaha mAnyatA isa naya kA viSaya hai| ye jIva ke pariNamana hai, isa kAraNa jIva ke kahe gaye haiM, lekina haiM ye aupAdhika (karmopAdhijanya) bhAva, jIva ke svataH siddha svarUpa nahIM hai, isa kAraNa se ye asadbhUta vyavahAranaya ke viSaya haiN| krodhAdika bhAva kevala jIva ke nahIM haiN| jIva ke pariNamana haiM, para jIva ke nimitta se nahIM hue haiN| yadi svayaM jIva ke nimitta se ye vikArabhAva hote hoM to inheM zAzvata rahanA cAhie / 'ye vikArabhAva jIva ke haiM, itanA aMza to 'asadbhUta' hai aura krodhAdika bhAvoM ko samajhakara ye jIva ke haiM; isaprakAra upacAra yA Aropa karanA, yaha upacAra aMza hai| isaprakAra yaha saba upacarita asadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai / AcArya devasena ne isa naya kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai- 'saMzleSaNa sambandha rahita bhinna vastuoM kA paraspara meM sambandha grahaNa karanA upacarita asadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai / deg jaise- devadatta kA dhana / ' tAtparya yaha hai ki devadatta bhinna sattAvAlA dravya hai aura dhana bhinna sattA vAlA dravya hai| ina donoM kA saMzleSaNa sambandha bhI nahIM hai, kintu sva-svAmI sambandha hai / devadatta dhana kA svAmI hai aura dhana usakA sva hai / devadatta ko adhikAra hai ki vaha apane dhana ko tIrtha-vandanA, jinamandira nirmANa tathA dAna Adika dharmakAryoM meM vyaya 274 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #277
kare yA apane bhogopabhoga meM vyaya kare / devadatta ke dhana ko vyaya karane kA devadatta ke atirikta anya kisI puruSa ko adhikAra nahIM hai / devadatta ke diye binA yadi devadatta ke dhana ko koI anya puruSa grahaNa karatA hai to vaha cora hai, kyoMki 'adattadAnaM steyam'' aisA ArSa- vAkya hai isI prakAra jJAna - jJeya sambandha bhI isa upacarita asadbhUta vyavahAra naya kA viSaya hai, kyoMki jJAna kA svacatuSTaya bhinna hai aura jJeya - dravyoM kA svacatuSTaya bhinna hai| jJAna aura jJeya meM saMzleSa sambandha bhI nahIM hai tathApi jJAna jJeyoM ko jAnatA hai aura jJeya jJAna ke dvArA jAne jAte haiM / ataH jJAna- jJeya sambandha yathArtha hai jo ki upacarita asadbhUta vyavahAranaya kA viSaya hai| yadi jJAna-jJeya sambandha yathArtha na ho to sarvajJatA kA abhAva ho jaayegaa| isI prakAra anya sambandhoM ke viSaya meM bhI jAnanA cAhie / vyavahAranaya ke ukta bheda-kathana kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki vyavaharaNa karanA arthAt kisI vastu meM bheda karanA vyavahAranaya hai / vastusvabhAva kA vizleSaNa kiyA jAya to vaha abhinna aura akhaNDa hai, usameM koI bheda nahIM hai, kintu usake svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie kathana karane meM bheda karanA par3atA hai| isalie isa naya ke sadbhUta Adi uparyukta cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM / vAstava meM vyavahAranaya vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko nahIM kahatA hai isa kAraNa vaha paramArtha nhiiN,hai| jaise - yadyapi 'sat' abhinna aura akhaNDa hai, kintu jaba usakA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai taba itanA to kahanA hI par3atA hai ki yaha guNa hai aura yaha guNI (dravya) hai| yaha sat hai aura isameM sattva hai| isa prakAra guNa - guNI kA bheda karanA isa naya kA viSaya hai, kintu yadi vastusvarUpa para vicAra kiyA jAya to kyA vastu guNa-guNI kA bheda hai? kyA vastu ke do AdhAra haiM ? jaise- ghar3e meM cane bhare hue haiM to canoM kA svarUpa canoM meM hai, ghar3e kA svarUpa ghar3e meM hai| donoM apanI-apanI bhinna-bhinna sattA lie hue haiM, phira bhI unakA sambandha batAyA jAtA hai ki ye cane isa ghar3e meM haiM, kintu isa prakAra kI sthiti guNa - guNI kI nahIM hai / . vahA~ to saba eka hI haiM / abhinna aura akhaNDa haiN| kevala vyavahAra meM kathana karane ke lie guNa- guNI kA bheda kiyA jAtA hai, vAstava meM bheda nahIM hai / isa prakAra vyavahAranaya akhaNDa vastu meM bheda karake usakA pratipAdana karatA hai / isIlie use paramArtha yA satyArtha nahIM kahA jAtA hai| phira bhI vaha vastusvarUpa kA sAdhaka hai| vyavahAranaya ke viSaya meM yaha bhI dhyAna rakhane kI AvazyakatA hai ki vyavahAra zabda kA prayoga vyavahAranaya nAmaka dravyArthikanaya, bhedaviSayaka vyavahAranaya, nayaviSayapratipAdaka vyavahAra va upacAra ina cAra sthaloM para hotA haiM ataH jahA~ nayoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 275 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #278
vyavahAra zabda Ave vahA~ yaha viveka karanA atyAvazyaka hai ki yaha vyavahAra una cAroM meM se kauna-sA hai? yadi yaha viveka nahIM rakhA jAegA to artha kA anartha ho . jAegA aura saba Agama-viruddhArthaka ho jaaegaa| jaise-'dUdha' zabda kahane se gAya, bhaiMsa, bakarI ke dUdha kA bodha hotA hai aura 'Aka' ke per3a se nikale sapheda rasa ko bhI dUdha kahate haiN| aba yahA~ Aka kA dUdha pIne se maraNa ho jAtA hai' isaprakAra Aka ke dUdha kA udAharaNa dekara sarvathA yaha kahanA ki dUdha prANaghAtaka hai to kyA isa prakAra ke vyavahAra aura zraddhA se hamArA jIvana cala sakegA? nahIM kintu jo yaha viveka karegA ki Aka kA dUdha hI ghAtaka hai, gAya, bhaiMsa Adi kA dUdha ghAtaka nahIM hotA hai, balki poSaka aura balavardhaka hotA hai| isa prakAra ke viveka se hI hamArA jIvana vyavahAra suvyavasthita cala sakatA hai| yahI vivekadRSTi hameM vyavahAranaya ke viSaya meM rakhanA hai aura vaha isa prakAra hai-naigamAdi sAta nayoM meM vivecita vyavahAra naya arthanaya hai aura usameM bhI dravyArthikanaya hai| isa kAraNa yaha vyavahAranaya adhyAtma zAstroM meM prayukta hone vAle nizcaya-vyavahAra vAle vyavahAranaya se bhinna hai| nizcaya-vyavahAra meM prayukta vyavahAranaya vyavahAra arthAt bheda va upacAra (Aropa) se kathana vAlA hai aura yaha vyavahAra naya nAmaka dravyArthikanaya tattvAdhigama karAne vAlA hai aura vaha bhI dravyArthikadRSTi se| isa vyavahAranaya nAmaka dravyArthikanaya ke dvArA paripUrNa, akhaNDa, eka sat anya sabase vibhakta karake jJAta hotA hai| adhyAtmazAstra meM prayuktanaya cAra rUpoM meM upalabdha hote haiM(1) nizcayanaya (2) vyavahAranaya (3) vyavahAra (4) upacAra nizcayanaya-abheda vidhi se jAnane vAle naya ko nizcayanaya kahate haiN| vyavahAranaya-bheda vidhi se jAnane vAle naya ko vyavahAranaya kahate haiN| vyavahAra-nizcaya aura vyavahAranaya se jAne gaye viSaya ke kathana ko vyavahAra kahate haiN| upacAra-bhinna-bhinna dravyoM kA paraspara eka yA dUsare ko kartA, karma, karaNa, sampradAna, apAdAna, sambandha aura adhikaraNa yA AdhAra Adi batAne ko upacAra kahate haiN| isa kathana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki adhyAtma meM prayukta vyavahAranaya siddhAnta prayukta naigamAdinayoM vAle vyavahAranaya se pRthak hai| vaise to dravyArthika naya aura 276 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #279
paryAyArthika naya donoM hI pramANa ke aMza hone se satya haiN| isI prakAra nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya bhI pramANa ke aMza hone se satya haiN| dravyArthika vastu ko dravya kI pradhAnatA se jAnatA hai, paryAyArthika naya vastu ko paryAya kI pradhAnatA se jAnatA hai aura nizcayanaya vastu ko abheda vidhi se jAnatA hai to vyavahAranaya vastu ko bheda vidhi se jAnatA hai| isa prakAra bhedavidhi se dravya va paryAya kA jJAna karAne vAlA yaha adhyAtma prayukta vyavahAranaya vyavahAranaya nAmaka dravyArthika nayoM meM yathocita samAviSTa hone para bhI vyavahAranaya nAmaka dravyArthika se bhinna lakSaNa vAlA hai tathA yaha vyavahAranaya nAmaka dravyArthikanaya vyavahAra aura upacAra se to bhinna hai hii| isa prakAra vyavahAra ke viSaya meM bar3I sUkSmatA se vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai tabhI tattva kI yathArtha prarUpaNA ho sakatI hai| . saMkSepa meM AdhyAtmika naya nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke chaha bheda haiM-nizcayanaya ke zuddha nizcayanaya aura azuddhanizcayanaya ye do bheda tathA vyavahAranaya ke anupacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya aura upacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya, anupacarita asadbhUta vyavahAranaya aura upacarita asadbhUta vyavahAranaya ye cAra, kula milAkara chaha bheda hote haiN| ___ jainadarzana mAnya yaha naya kA viSaya atyanta hI sUkSma aura gambhIra hai ataeva samajhane meM kaThina pratIta hotA hai| yadi isako ThIka prakAra se samajhA jAya taba to ye hitakArI hai anyathA ghAtaka ataeva ahitakArI hai| isIlie AcArya amRtacandra ne kahA hai-jainadarzana kA yaha nayacakra (nayasamUha) atyanta kaThinatA se pAra ho sakane vAle mahAn gahana vana ke samAna hai| jaise-koI vyakti mahAbhayaMkara gahana vana meM praveza kara jAya to usakA nikalanA yA bacanA bahuta hI kaThina ho jAtA hai, jaba taka ki use koI prabuddha mArgadarzaka na mila jAya, vaise hI atyanta sUkSma aura gambhIra viSaya vAlA yaha samasta nayasamUha hai| isameM jo jijJAsu mArgabhraSTa ho jAte haiM arthAt unheM ThIka-ThIka nahIM samajha pAte haiM, unake samajhane meM bhrAnta yA vimUDha ho jAte haiM arthAt unakA ekAnta aura nirapekSa rUpa se prayoga karate haiM, taba aisI sthiti meM unheM yadi koI zaraNa hai to una naya vizeSajJa AcAryoM kI hI hai, jo nayoM kI atyanta gambhIra aura sUkSma vizeSatAoM ko jAnate haiM, vastu svarUpa kA parijJAna karane ke lie unakA sApekSa nirUpaNa karate haiN| yadi koI isa nayacakra kA prayoga ina AcAryoM kI zaraNa liye binA karatA hai to usakA bar3A anartha ho jAtA hai; kyoMki yaha nayacakra atyanta tIkSNa dhAra vAlA hai, isakA prayoga bar3I sAvadhAnI se karanA caahie| anyathA yaha isako dhAraNa karane vAle, kintu usakI prayogavidhi ko na jAnane vAle ajJAnI nayoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 277 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #280
puruSoM kA hI mastaka kATa DAlatA hai arthAt ve ajJAnIjana isa nayacakra kA sahI parijJAna na kara sakane ke kAraNa ekAnta mithyA mArga kA anusaraNa kara lete haiM aura saMsAra meM hI bhaTakate rahate haiM, ataH AtmakalyANa nahIM kara pAte haiM, para jo isakI prayoga vidhi se paricita ho jAte haiM, ve isa gahana nayacakra mahAvana meM praveza karake bhI usameM bhrAnta hokara cakkara nahIM kATate aura bar3I sugamatA se bAhara nikala Ate __ukta vivecana kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki vastu-svarUpa ke parijJAna ke lie nayoM kA samyagjJAna Avazyaka hai| nayoM kA samyagjJAna kiye binA vastu-svarUpa kA yathArtha pratipAdana ho hI nahIM sakatA hai| yadi nayoM ke sApekSa kathana dvArA tattva vivecana kiyA jAegA to tattvopalabdhi ho sakatI hai| anyathA tattva tattva na rahakara atattvarUpa ho jAegA, mithyA ho jAegA aura usa mithyA tattva kA anusaraNa karane se jIva kabhI bhI AtmakalyANa ke mArga ko prApta nahIM kara skegaa| saiddhAntika naya dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika tathA unake bheda naigamAdi evaM adhyAtmanaya nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke viSaya ko bar3I sUkSmatA se samajhane kI AvazyakatA hai| inakI prayoga vidhi meM thor3I sI bhI asAvadhAnI bar3e anartha kA kAraNa bana sakatI hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra ina sabhI nayoM ke sarvathA ekAnta pakSa ke kAraNa hI vibhinna ekAntavAdI darzanoM kA AvirbhAva huaa| dArzanika, sAmpradAyika, AdhyAtmika aura laukika viSayoM ko lekara jaba-jaba, jitane bhI vivAda aura matabheda hue haiM una sabakA kAraNa ina nayoM kI sarvathA ekAntapakSatA athavA anekAnta aura syAdvAda kI Azraya vihInatA hI hai| ina sabhI vivAdoM, matabhedoM aura tajjanya saMgharSoM ko samApta karane ke lie hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne anekAnta aura usake phalitavAda syAdvAda tathA nayavAda kA upadeza diyA thaa| ataH ukta sabhI vivAdoM aura saMgharSoM ko samApta karane ke lie tathA tattvanirNaya evaM vastu svarUpa ke parijJAna ke lie ukta naya kathana ko ThIkaThIka samajhanA Avazyaka hai| isI se tattva nirNaya evaM vastu-svarUpa kI yathArtha siddhi ho sakatI hai| yahA~ nayoM ke AdhyAtmika vivecana ke prakaraNa meM yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki AcArya amRtacandra ne 'pravacanasAra' ke pariziSTa bhAga meM 47 nayoM kA sUtra rUpa meM vivecana kiyA hai| yaha vivecana AtmasvarUpa pratipAdaka nayoM ke rUpa meM kiyA hai kintu ve naya upari vivecita nayacakra se sarvathA bhinna haiN| zrI kundakunda Adi kisI bhI AcArya ne apane granthoM meM inakA ullekha taka nahIM kiyA hai| vaha to kevala 278 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #281
AcArya amRtacandra ne 47 nayoM ke rUpa meM una 47 vacanamArgoM yA abhiprAyoM ko liyA hai jo jainetara dArzanikoM ke apane-apane alaga mantavya haiM; kyoMki jainadarzana ke anusAra 'jitane vacanamArga yA abhiprAya athavA mantavya hote haiM utane hI nayavAda hote haiM aura jitane nayavAda hote haiM utane hI parasamaya (paramata) haiN|'4 tAtparya yaha hai ki vaktA ke vacana yA abhiprAya eka se lekara ananta taka ho sakate haiM, ataH nayavAda bhI eka se lekara ananta taka ho sakate haiM, kintu yadi unameM paraspara sApekSatA hai to ve sunaya haiM aura vastu-svarUpa sAdhaka haiM aura yadi ve paraspara nirapekSa haiM yA eka dUsare ke pratiSedhaka haiM to ve durnaya haiM, mithyA haiM aura vastu-svarUpa vighAtaka haiN| ___ataH AcArya amRtacandra ne unake vivecana se yaha siddha kiyA hai ki yadi ina dArzanika mantavyoM kA syAt' pada cihnita vAkyoM ke sAtha yA 'syAt pada ke sAtha vivecana kiyA jAya yA anekAntAtmaka dRSTi se unheM svIkAra kiyA jAya to ve yathArtha meM Atmatattva pratipAdaka aura Atmasiddhi vidhAyaka sunaya haiM / ina sunayoM se hI AtmasvarUpa kA parijJAna ho sakatA hai| sandarbha 1. ku. ku. prA. saM. kI prastAvanA, pR. 83 2. sudaparicidANubhUdA savvassa vi kaambhogbNdhkhaa| eyattassuvalaMbho Navari Na sulaho vihttsy||-s. sA, gA. 4 3. punarapyadhyAtmabhASayA nayA ucynte| A. pa., sU. 214 4. tAvanmUlanayau dvau nizcayo vyvhaarshc|-aa. pa., sU. 215 5. NicchayavavahAraNayA mUlimabheyA nnyaannsvvaannN| ... NicchayasAhaNaheuM pajjayadavvatthiyaM muNaha ||-n. ca., gA. 182 6. abhedAnupacAratayA vastu nizcIyata iti nishcyH|-aa. pa., sU. 204 7. bhedopacAratayA vastu vyavahriyata iti vyvhaarH|-aa. pa., sU. 205 8. tatra nizcayanayo'bhedaviSayo vyavahAro bhedvissyH|-aa. pa., sU. 216 9. zuddhadravyanirUpaNAtmako nizcayanaya......azuddhadravyanirUpaNAtmako vyavahAranayaH / pra. sA., gA. 189 kI ta. dI. TIkA 10. AtmAzrito nizcayaH parAzrito vyvhaarnyH|-s. sA., gA. 272 kI A. khyA. TIkA 11. vavahAro'bhUyattho bhUyattho desido hu suddhnno| . bhUyatthamassido khalu sammAiTThI havai jiivo||-s. sA., gA. 11 12. nizcayamiha bhUtArthaM vyavahAraM vrnnyntybhuutaarthm|-pu. si., zlo. 5 13. sa. sA., gAthA 11 kI A. khyA. TIkA 14. jo passadi appANaM abaddhapuTThamaNaNNayaM nniydN| _avisesamasaMjuttaM taM suddhaNayaM viyaannaahi| sa. sA., gA. 14 nayoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 279 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #282
15. sa. sA., gA. 14 kI TIkA 16. sa. sA. ka., 10 17. suddho suddhAdeso NAyavvo paramabhAvadarisIhiM / vavahAradesidA puNa je du aparameTThidA bhAve / / - sa. sA., gA. 12 18. jai jiNamayaM pavajjaha tA mA vavahAraNicchae muyaha / ekkeNa viNA chijjaititthaM aNNeNa uNa taccaM / / - sa. sA., gA. 12 kI A. TIkA meM uddhRta 19. jaha Navi sakkamaNajjo aNajjabhAsaM viNA u gAheuM / taha vavahAreNa viNA paramatthuvaesaNamasakkaM / - sa. sA., gA. 8 20. sa. sA., gA. 8 kI A. khyA. TIkA 21. sa. sA., gA. 27 22. vahI, gA. 38 23. ni. sA., gA. 102 24. sa. sA., gA. 50-56 25. vahI, gA. 83-84 26. dra. sa., gA. 8-9 27. sa. sA., gA. 146 28. ubhayanayavirodhadhvaMsinI syAtpadAGke jinavacasi ramante ye svayaM vAntamohAH / sapadi samayasAraM te paraM jyotiruccai - ranavamanayapakSAkSuNNamIkSanta eva / / - sa. sA. ka., zlo. 4 29. na cApyanekAntamRte nayasthiti: / - a. vya., zlo. 28 30. .......vilInasaMkalpa-vikalpajAlaM / prakAzayan zuddhanayo'bhyudeti / / - sa. sA. ka., zlo. 10 31. udayati na nayazrIrastameti pramANaM kvacidapi ca na vidmo yAti nikSepacakram / kimaparamabhidadhmo dhAmni sarvaMkaSe'smin anubhavamupayAte bhAti na dvaitameva / / - vahI, zlo. 9 32. A. pa., sU. 217 33. vahI, sU. 218 34. A. pa., sU. 219 35. vyavahAranayo dvedhA sadbhUtastvatha bhavedasadbhUtaH / sadbhUtastadguNa iti vyavahArastatpravRttimAtratvAt / / - paM. dha. zlo. 525 36. vahI, zlo, 525 37. tatraikavastuviSayaH sadbhUtavyavahAraH / - A. pa. sU. 221 38. paMcAdhyA. zlo. 534 39. vahI, zlo. 535 40. A. pa., sU. 225 280 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #283
41. paMcAdhyA., zlo. 540 42. A. pa., sU. 224 43. api cAsadbhUtAdivyavahArAnto nayazca bhavati ythaa| anyadravyasya guNAH saMyojyante balAdanyatra ||-pNcaaaadhyaa., zlo. 529 44. A. pa., sU. 222 45. paMcAdhyA., zlo. 534 46. api vA sadbhUto yo nupacaritAbhyo nayaH sa bhavati ythaa| krodhaa| jIvasya hi vivkssitshcidbuddhibhvH||-pNcaadhyaa. zlo. 546 47. A. pa., sU. 228 48. draSTavyaH isI prabandha kA naya prakaraNa, pR. 126 49. paMcAdhyA., zlo. 549 50. A. pa., sU. 227 51. ta. sU. sU. 7/15 52. iti vividhabhaGgagahane sudustare maargmuuddhdRssttiinaam| guravo bhavanti zaraNaM prbuddhnyckrsNcaaraaH|| atyantanizitadhAraM durAsadaM jinavarasya nyckrm| khaNDayati dhAryamANaM mUrdhAnaM jhaTiti durvidgdhaanaam||-pu. si., zlo., 58-59 53. pra. sA., ta. dI. TIkA., pra. 326-333 54. jAvadiyA vayaNavahA tAvadiyA ceva hoMti nnyvaadaa| jAvadiyA NayavAdA tAvadiyA ceva hoMti prsmyaa||-go. ka., gA. 894 nayoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa tathA unake bheda-prabheda :: 281 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #284
6 adhyayana kA niSkarSa jagat ke sabhI jIva sukha-zAnti cAhate haiM aura usako prApta karane ke lie rAtadina prayatna karate haiM, phira bhI ve usakA lezamAtra bhI prApta nahIM kara paate| isakA eka mAtra kAraNa hai unakA bhautikavAdI dRSTikoNa ko apanAnA aura adhyAtmavAdI dRSTikoNa se apane Apako ojhala rkhnaa| ___ mohI jIva viSayabhoga, arthasaMcaya Adi bhautika padArthoM ke saMyoga meM sukha kI kalpanA karate haiM, kintu vaha kalpanA alpasAmayika hI hotI hai aura ve usa prasaMga se aharniza saMkalpa-vikalpa ke aneka kaSToM ko bhogate haiN| itanA hone para bhI ve sukha-zAnti kA sahI upAya prApta nahIM kara paate| sahI upAya vaha hai jisase Atmazanti kI prApti ho, jisake Azraya se jIvana nirAkula ho ske| AtmazAnti kahIM bAhara se Ane vAlI nahIM, vaha to hamAre AtmA kA dharma hai, hamArI cetanA kA dharma hai| zAntidhAma hama svayaM hI haiN| yadi svayaM meM zAnti nahIM to kitane hI upAya kiye jAyeM, zAnti mila nahIM sktii| ataeva zAnti kA upAya hai zAnti-dhAma AtmA ke svarUpa kA parijJAna aura AtmA se bhinna bAhya padArthoM ke svarUpa kA prijnyaan| jaba taka hama ina donoM ke svarUpa kA parijJAna nahIM kareMge, unake guNadoSoM kA paricaya prApta nahIM kareMge taba taka hameM heyopAdeya kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA aura heyopAdeya ke samyagjJAna binA hameM AtmasvarUpa kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI, AtmasvarUpa kI prApti binA zAntilAbha kaise ho sakatA hai ? sukhaprApti kahA~ se ho sakatI hai ? ataH AtmasvarUpa kA samyagjJAna hI zreyaskara hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki hameM vastu-svarUpa kA parijJAna karanA caahie| vastusvarUpa ke parijJAna kA AdhAra hai syaadvaad| syAdvAda vastu-svarUpa kA yathArtha vizleSaNa karatA hai| vaha aneka nayoM kI apekSA se anekAntAtmaka yA aneka dharmAtmaka vastu ke dharmoM kA nirNaya karatA hai| vaha batalAtA hai ki nayoM ke sApekSa kathana se hI vastu-svarUpa kI siddhi hotI hai| AtmasvarUpa kA parijJAna hotA hai| 282 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #285
jainadarzana ke anusAra, vastu kA samyagjJAna pramANa aura naya se hotA hai| svapara-prakAzaka jJAna hI pramANa hai| jJAna AtmA kA svarUpa hai, ataH use AtmA zabda se bhI kahate haiN| anantadharmAtmaka vastu ke samasta dharmoM ko grahaNa karane vAlA jJAna pramANa hotA hai aura usa vastu ke kisI eka dharma ko jAnane vAle jJAna ko naya kahate haiN| jaise-'ayaM ghaTa:' yaha jJAna pramANa hai; kyoMki isameM ghaTa ke rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza tathA kaniSTha-jyeSTha Adi samagra dharmoM kA eka sAtha bodha ho jAtA hai, parantu jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki 'rUpavAn ghaTaH' taba kevala ghaTa ke aneka dharmoM meM se 'rUpa' kA hI parijJAna hotA hai, usake anya dharma rasa, gandha aura sparza Adi kA nhiiN| anantadharmAtmaka vastu ke parijJAna meM aMza kalpanA hI vastuta: naya hai| ataH aMzI (padArtha yA vastu) ke kisI eka aMza (dharma) kA jJAna 'naya' aura sarva aMzoM kA jJAna 'pramANa' kahalAtA hai| pramANa aura naya meM se pramANa ko to prAyaH sabhI jaina jainetara darzana mAnate haiM, kintu naya kI mAnyatA kevala jainadarzana meM hI pAI jAtI hai| vastutaH 'nayavAda' jainadarzana kI apanI eka viziSTa aura vyApaka vicAra-paddhati hai| jainadarzana pratyeka vastu kA vizleSaNa 'nayavAda' se karatA hai| jainadarzana meM eka bhI sUtra aura artha aisA nahIM hai, jo naya-zUnya ho| yaha 'nayavAda' anekAntavAda yA syAdvAda kI dena hai, isI se jainetara darzanoM meM pramANa-vivecana to milatA hai, kintu naya kA ullekha unameM nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| anekAntavAda ke do phalitavAda haiM-saptabhaMgIvAda aura nyvaad| ataH anekAntavAda, syAdvAd, nayavAda aura saptabhaMgIvAda ye saba jainadarzana kI vizeSatAe~ haiN| yaha jainadarzana kI dArzanika jagat ko sabase bar3I dena hai| inake ukta samasta vivecana dvArA yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki zAzvata sukha aura zAnti prApta karane ke lie vastu-svarUpa kA parijJAna Avazyaka hai aura vastusvarUpa ke samyagjJAna ke lie anekAntavAda, syAdvAda, nayavAda aura saptabhaMgIvAda kA samyagjJAna Avazyaka hai| inake parijJAna se hI vastu-svarUpa kA bodha ho sakegA, usakI yathArtha siddhi ho skegii| anekAnta kA artha hai, jisameM aneka dharma pAye jAte haiM arthAt paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAle aneka dharmoM kA eka hI vastu meM hone kA nAma anekAnta hai| syAdvAda usa aneka dharmAtmaka vastu kA pratipAdaka hai to nayavAda anekAntAtmaka vastu ke vibhinna dharmoM kA samanvaya karane vAlA hai tathA eka dharma ke viSaya meM sambandhita vividha mantavyoM ke samanvaya ke lie saptabhaMgIvAda hai| pramANa, naya, nikSepa, anekAnta aura syAvAda tathA saptabhaMgIvAda ye saba vastu adhyayana kA niSkarSa :: 283 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #286
yA tattvAdhigama ke upAya haiM / inake samyagjJAna dvArA tattvopalabdhi kara jahA~ hama AtmazAnti aura paramAnanda avasthA (mukti) ko prApta kara sakate haiM, vahA~ apane laukika jIvana ko bhI sukhI, zAnta aura santulita banA sakate haiN| jainadarzana anekAntavAdI darzana hai| jaba ki anya sabhI jainetara darzana ekAntavAdI haiN| ve vastu ko eka dharmAtmaka hI mAnate haiM, viruddha ubhayadharmAtmaka nahIM mAnate haiM, kintu jainadarzana vastu ko anekAntAtmaka yA aneka dharmAtmaka mAnatA hai| isalie usakA kAma naya ke binA nahIM cala sakatA / ataH jainadarzana anekAntAtmaka vastu kA vizleSaNa naya se karatA hai| usake anusAra vastu aneka dharmavAlI mAnI gayI hai| vaha paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAle sat-asat, nitya-anitya, ekaaneka Adi aneka dharmasvarUpa hai, ataH vaha anekAntAtmaka kahI jAtI hai| isa anekAntAtmaka vastu kA pratipAdaka hone se jainadarzana ko anekAntavAdI darzana kahA hai| vastu na sarvathA sat hI hai, na sarvathA asat hI, na sarvathA nitya hI hai, na sarvathA anitya hI, na sarvathA eka hI, na sarvathA aneka hI, kintu kathaMcit yA kisI apekSA se sat hai to kisI apekSA se asat, kisI apekSA se nitya hai to kisI apekSA se anity| isa prakAra paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAle sat asat Adi dharmoM kA tAdAtmyarUpa hI vastu hai| yaha anekAntAtmaka vastu hI pramANa kA viSaya hai jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai, kintu vastu ke ina virodhI pratIta hone vAle dharmoM meM se kisI eka dharma kI mukhyatA se vaktA apane abhiprAyAnusAra kathana karatA hai| jaise devadatta vyakti kisI kA pitA aura kisI kA putra hai, kisI kA mAmA to kisI kA bhAnajA hai / isaprakAra apane nAnA sambandhiyoM kI apekSA se vaha nAnA sambandhoM vAlA hai| apane putra kI apekSA se vaha pitA hai to apane pitA kI apekSA se vaha putra bhI hai| apane bhAnaje kI apekSA se vaha mAmA hai to apane mAmA kI apekSA se vaha bhAnajA bhI hai| ina sambandhoM ke hone meM koI virodha nahIM aataa| isa taraha vivakSA bheda se vastu ke eka dharma kA kathana karatA hai vaha naya hai / vizeSatA yaha hai jaba naya vastu eka dharma kA kathana karatA hai taba vaha vastu ke anya dharmoM kA niSedha yA nirAkaraNa nahIM karatA hai| vastu kA sApekSatA se hI nirUpaNa karatA hai, isI se naya sApekSa hone para samyak kahe jAte haiN| jo naya vastu kA nirapekSa kathana karate haiM arthAt eka dharma kA kathana karate hue anya dharmoM kA niSedha karate haiM, ve mithyA kahe jAte haiM, ataeva ve vastu-svarUpa sAdhaka nahIM ho sakate haiN| isaprakAra nayavAda sApekSa dRSTikoNa se vastu - svarUpa kA vizleSaNa karatA hai / isIlie nayavAda ko sApekSavAda bhI kahate haiN| yaha sApekSatA kA siddhAnta AdhyAtmika aura laukika donoM prakAra ke pakSoM ko 284 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #287
siddha karatA hai| yaha sabhI prakAra ke vivAdoM aura matabhedoM ko samApta kara eka svastha paramparA sthApita karatA hai, jisase ihalaukika aura pAralaukika zAntilAbha hotA hai| __ vastusvarUpa ke vicAra kI vibhinna dRSTiyA~ haiN| saba apanI-apanI dRSTi se usa para vicAra karate haiN| dravyadRSTi vAlA use nitya kahatA hai| to paryAyadRSTi vAlA use anitya, ata: ina vibhinna dRSTiyoM kA samanvaya honA Avazyaka hai| isake lie jainadarzana meM 'nayavAda' yA 'sApekSavAda' kA AvirbhAva huA, jo jJAtA ke abhiprAya vizeSa ko batalAtA hai| nayavAda kahatA hai, hama apanI dhAraNAoM ko jitanA mahattva dete haiM, utanA hI dUsare kI dhAraNAoM ko bhI denA caahie| pratyeka vyakti kI apanI yogyatA hotI hai aura apanA vaataavrnn| dhAraNAe~ bhI tadanusAra bana jAtI haiM aura vaha unhIM ko lekara apane vicAra prakaTa karatA hai| satya para pahu~cane ke lie Avazyaka hai ki vyakti paraspara virodhI dhAraNAoM ke khaNDana-maNDana meM na par3akara una paristhitiyoM para dhyAna de, jinheM lekara ve astitva meM aayii| eka hI puruSa ko eka strI putra ke rUpa meM dekhatI hai, dUsarI bhAI ke rUpa meM, tIsarI pitA ke rUpa meM aura cauthI pati ke rUpa meN| yadi putra kahane vAlI pitA kahane vAlI para athavA bhAI kahane vAlI yA pati kahane vAlI para AkSepa kare to ise ucita nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| yahI bAta dArzanika mAnyatAoM kI hai| pratyeka vastu meM pratikSaNa parivartana ho rahA hai aura sthAyitva bhI hai| bauddhadarzana ne parirvatana ko vAstavika kahA aura sthAyitva ko mithyaa| isake viparIta vedAnta ne sthAyitva ko vAstavika kahA aura parivartana kI mithyaa| prathama ne bheda ko satya kahA aura abheda ko mithyaa| dvitIya ne abheda ko satya aura bheda ko mithyaa| jainadarzana kahatA hai ki vibhinna dRSTiyoM se sthAyitva evaM parivartana, abheda evaM bheda donoM satya haiN| dravyArthika naya kI apekSA se vastu sthAyI athavA nitya hai aura paryAyArthika naya kI apekSA se vastu parivartanazIla athavA anitya hai| vaicArika samatA ke isI dRSTikoNa ko lekara anekAnta' kA vikAsa huA, jo jainadarzana kA 'prANa hai| anekAnta kI isa dRSTi ko lekara 'nayavAda' astitva meM AyA jo vaicArika samanvaya kA hI dUsarA nAma hai|| nayavAda kahatA hai ki vastu ke ananta dharmoM aura paryAyoM ko ananta cakSuoM se dekho| unheM kisI eka hI cakSu se mata dekho| jo vyakti vastu-satya ko eka cakSu se dekhatA hai vaha apane siddhAnta kA samarthana aura dUsare kI svIkRtiyoM kA khaNDana karatA hai| adhyayana kA niSkarSa :: 285 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #288
nayavAda kA dRSTikoNa vaicArika dvandva kI samApti kA dRSTikoNa hai| isase sabhI vicAradhArAoM kA samanvaya sadhatA hai / yaha samanvaya kA mArga ekAMgI dRSTikoNa, vaicArika abhiniveza aura matAgraha se hone vAlI hiMsA tathA pratizodhabhAvanA se mukti dene vAlA hai / adhyAtma ke parijJAna tathA usakI upalabdhi ke lie bhI syAdvAda aura nayavAda kI mahatI upayogitA hai| yaha AtmA karmoM ke vilakSaNa sambandha ke kAraNa para ko nija mAnatA calA A rahA hai| isI mAnyatA ke kAraNa jJAna - darzanasvarUpa AtmA ne svakIya zuddhAtmadravya se cyuta hokara paradravya ke nimitta se utpanna rAgadveSa-moha ke sAtha abheda sambandha samajhakara paradravyoM ko apanA mAna liyA hai| yahI mAnyatA parasamaya hai aura jaba yaha AtmA samasta padArthoM ke svarUpa ko avagata karane vAle bhedajJAna ko prApta kara letA hai, to Atmatattva ke sAtha ekatva kI buddhi kara apane caitanya svarUpa meM sthita ho jAtA hai / isI ko svasamaya kahate haiM / svasamaya aura parasamaya ye donoM AtmA kI do paryAya haiN| eka paryAya pudgalakarma ke sambandha se hai aura dUsarI paryAya caitanya svarUpa kI avasthiti kI apekSA se hai| jaba taka zarIra sambandha hai, taba taka AtmA ko saMsArI kahA jAtA hai aura zarIra-sambandha kA abhAva hone para ise siddha / sAmAnya rUpa se AtmA na siddha hai na saMsArI, kintu svasvarUpa nimagna hai, kyoMki vahA~ koI saMjJA hI nahIM hai| ye AtmA kI donoM avasthAe~ haiM aura ye donoM paryAyadRSTi haiM / dravyadRSTi se AtmA nitya, zuddha, abaddha, pariNamanazIla hai, utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvya yukta hai| caitanyasvarUpa hone ke kAraNa hI yaha jJAna - darzana svarUpa hai| AtmA darpaNavat hai, isakI svacchatA meM samasta padArtha pratibhAsita hote haiN| isakA svabhAva nirmala hai, karmajanita vikAroM yA vibhAvoM se rahita hai, saMkalpavikalpoM se mukta zuddha svarUpa hai / ataH svAnubhUti dvArA zuddhAtma svarUpa ko prApta karane kA prayatna karanA cAhie / svAnubhUtijanya sukha alaukika, anupama, atIndriya aura nija svabhAva rUpa hotA hai| isase paramazAnti aura alaukika Ananda kI prApti hotI hai, kintu isakI prApti tabhI ho sakatI hai, jaba Atmazuddhi ho aura Atmazuddhi kA sabase pramukha sAdhana hai AtmasattA kI AsthA ke sAtha sva-para ke bheda ko avagata karanA aura sva- para bhedAvagati nayoM dvArA ho sakatI hai ataH nayoM kA parijJAna Avazyaka hai| naya-parijJAna ke binA jIvana meM bhedajJAna kA prakAza utpanna nahIM ho sakatA aura bheda vijJAna kA prakAza utpanna na hone se hamArA AtmA ajJAnAndhakAra meM hI bhaTakatA rahatA hai| bheda vijJAna kA dIpaka prajvalita hote hI andhazraddhA kA 286 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #289
timira naSTa ho jAtA hai| sAdhaka ko AtmAnubhUti hone ke sAtha sva svarUpa kI upalabdhi hone lagatI hai aura jIvana amala-dhavala bana jAtA hai| isaprakAra syAvAda aura nayavAda ke dvArA jahA~ saiddhAntika, dArzanika aura AdhyAtmika jIvana-pakSa sAdhA jA sakatA hai vahA~ laukika jIvana-vyavahAra ke pakSa ko bhI suvyavasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ___ vAstava meM jaba-jaba vivAda, saMgharSa, aura bar3e-bar3e yuddha hue, ve saba ekAMgI dRSTikoNa aura vicAradhArA se hI hue| Aja vizva kI azAnti aura barbaratA kA ekamAtra kAraNa hai to yahI hai ki dUsaroM ke vicAroM ke prati asahiSNutA aura unake mantavyoM kA anAdara yA upekSA krnaa| ataH syAdvAda aura nayavAda kA siddhAnta yahI batAtA hai ki kevala apane vicAroM aura siddhAntoM ko mahatva na dekara dUsaroM ke vicAroM ke prati sahiSNutA rakhanA aura dUsaroM ke siddhAntoM kA Adara karanA jaba hama svIkAra kara lete haiM to sahaja hI saMgharSa, vivAda aura yuddha samApta ho jAte haiN| Aja ke zabdoM meM anekAnta, syAdvAda aura nayavAda kA cintana aura manana prajAtAntrika paddhati aura samAjavAdI samAjaracanA kI AdhArazilA hai| isIlie bar3e-bar3e dArzanika aura cintaka bhI yaha mAnate haiM ki darzana ke kSetra meM anekAnta, syAdvAda aura nayavAda kA siddhAnta eka maulika dena hai| Aja vizva meM zAntisthApanA ke lie anekAnta, syAdvAda aura nayavAda ke samanvayavAdI dRSTi ko svIkAra karane kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai| hiMsA aura bhaya se pIr3ita prANiyoM ke lie ahiMsA ke atirikta koI dUsarA mArga nahIM hai| isI prakAra pArasparika saMgharSa, vivAda aura yuddhoM ko samApta karane ke lie ukta siddhAntoM ke samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa ko apanAne ke atirikta dUsarA koI upAya nahIM hai| ... syAdvAda aura nayavAda mana ke TakarAvoM aura tanAvoM ko rokatA hai, jisa prakAra caurAhe para khar3A huA sipAhI apane hAthoM ke saMketoM se cAroM ora se Ane-jAne vAle paidala yAtriyoM, basoM, kAroM aura tAMgoM Adi ke TakarAvoM ko rokatA hai| ataH jIvana ko sukhI aura zAnta banAne ke lie samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa ko apanAnA Avazyaka hai| anyathA pitA-putra, bhAI-bhAI, deza, samAja aura rASTroM meM TakarAva, tanAva, saMgharSa aura yuddha prArambha ho jAe~ge, samasta vizva meM azAnti kA vAtAvaraNa chA jAegA, mAnavatA trasta ho uThegI aura cAroM aura 'trAhi-trAhi' kI dhvani gUMja utthegii| Aja sArA saMsAra bhautikavAda kI ora agrasara ho rahA hai| vaha dhanasaMcaya aura aNuzakti ke vikAsa meM lagA huA hai| usake vinAzakArI prayogoM ko saMsAra dekha cukA hai| isalie Aja bar3e-bar3e rASTra bhayabhIta aura eka dUsare ke prati avizvasta adhyayana kA niSkarSa :: 287 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #290
ho rahe haiN| isIlie aNu astroM kI hor3a meM lage deza bhI virodhoM ko chor3akara eka maMca para baiThakara saha-astitva kA cintana karane lage haiN| vaijJAnika apane dvArA nirmita vinAzaka yantroM aura astroM se svayaM parezAna haiM aura bahumata se svIkAra karane lage haiM ki binA vaicArika sAmaMjasya aura samanvaya ke sukha-zAnti sambhava nahIM hai| ___ Aja mAnava grahoM aura cA~da taka to pahu~ca gayA, kintu mAnavatA aura AtmazAnti usakI pahu~ca ke bAhara ho rahe hai; kyoMki usa ora usakA lakSya hI nahIM hai| vAstava meM saccAjJAna vahI hai jo jIvana meM utre| Aja vijJAna kI pragati se jJAna kA kSetra to vyApaka ho gayA, lekina usakA sambandha jIvana se TUTa gayA hai isIlie Aja bAra-bAra kahA jA rahA hai ki vijJAna aura adhyAtma kA samanvaya honA cAhie tabhI kucha zAnti ho sakatI hai, kintu vahI samanvaya nahIM ho pA rahA Aja sahacAritA, sahiSNutA aura bhAvAtmaka ekatA kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai, isI se vizva meM zAnti kI sthApanA ho sakatI hai| ata: yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama apanI dRSTi ko bhautikavAda se haTAkara adhyAtmavAda kI ora mor3ane kA prayAsa kareM aura samanvaya ke mArga ko apnaaveN| tabhI ye samasyAe~ sulajha skeNgii| saMkSepa meM yahI kahanA paryApta hogA ki ukta sabhI ApattiyoM se bacane ke lie tathA sukhI, zAnta aura santulita jIvana jIne ke lie vicAra meM anekAnta, bhASA meM syAdvAda aura vyavahAra meM nayavAda yA sApekSavAda ko apanAnA zreyaskara hai| 000 288 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #291
(ka) saMskRta akalaMka granthatrayam, AcArya akalaMka deva, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, 1939 aSTasahastrI, AcArya vidyAnanda, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1915 aSTazatI, AcArya akalaMka deva, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, anyayogavyavacchedikA, hemacandrAcArya, parama zrutaprabhAvakamaNDala, bambaI, 1935 ayogavyavacchedikA, hemacandrAcArya, paramazrutaprabhAvakamaNDala, bambaI, 1935 AptamImAMsA, samantabhadrAcArya, vIra sevA mandira drasTa, dillI, 1967 AlApapaddhati, devasenAcArya, zAnti vIra di. jaina saMsthAna, mahAvIra jI, 1970 chAndogyopaniSad, zAMkarabhASya sahita, gItApresa gorakhapura, vi. saM., 2013 jaina tarkabhASA, yazovijaya, trilokaratna sthA. jaina dhArmika parIkSA borDa, pAtharDI (ahamadanagara), 1964 tattvArthasAra, AcArya amRtacandra, zrI gaNeza prasAda varNI granthamAlA, vArANasI, 1970 sahAyaka grantha-sUcI 1932 tattvArthasUtra, AcArya umAsvAmI, di. jaina pustakAlaya, sUrata, 1941 tattvArthavRtti, zrI zrutasAgara sUri, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1949 tattvArthAdhigamabhASya, AcArya umAsvAti, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, tattvArthazlokavArtika, AcArya vidyAnanda, ni. sA. presa, bambaI, 1918 tattvArtharAjavArtika, AcArya akalaMka deva, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1953 tarkabhASA, zrI kezavamizra, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, banArasa, 1953 tarkasaMgraha, zrI annambhaTTa, bhAratIya saMskRta bhavana, jAlaMdhara, 1967 sahAyaka granthatha-sUcI :: 289 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #292
dhavalA (SaTkhaNDAgama kI TIkA), AcArya vIrasena, jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaNDa, amarAvatI, 1939 dhavalA TIkA, pu. 9, AcArya vIrasena, jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaNDa, amarAvatI, dhavalA TIkA, pu. 13, AcArya vIrasena, jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaNDa, amarAvatI, nyAyakumudacandra (dvitIya bhAga), AcArya prabhAcandra, mANikacanda di. jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1941 1949 1949 nyAya vinizcaya vivaraNa bhAga 1, zrI vAdirAja sUri, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1944 nyAya vinizcaya vivaraNa bhAga 2, zrI vAdirAja sUri, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1954 nyAyAvatAra, AcArya siddhasena, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, 1950 nyAyAvatAravArtikavRtti, zrIzAnti sUri, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, 1949 nyAyadIpikA, zrI abhinavadharmabhUSaNayati, vIra sevA mandira, sarasAvA, 1945 paMcAdhyAyI, zrI paM. rAjamala, gaNeza prasAda varNI jaina, granthamAlA, banArasa, vI. ni. saM. 2476 pramANamImAMsA, A. hemacandra, zrI sudharmA mudraNAlaya, pAtharDI (ahamadanagara) 1970 1942 prameyakamalamArtaNDa, A. prabhAcandra, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1941 pramANa -naya-tattvAloka, zrI vAdideva sUri, Atma- -jAgRti kAryAlaya, vyAvara, prameyaratnamAlA, A. anantavIrya, caukhambA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI, 1964 parIkSAmukha, A. mANikyanandI, paM. ghanazyAmadAsa, syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya, kAzI, vi. saM. 1972 puruSArthasiddhyupAya, A. amRtacandra, di. jaina mandira, rohataka 1940 mahAbhASya, maharSi pAtaMjala, jagaddhitecchu mudraNAlaya, pUnA, vi. saM. 1944 mImAMsAzlokavArtika, kumArila bhaTTa, caukhambA sIrija, kAzI yuktyanuzAsana, A. samantabhadra, vIra sevA mandira, sarasAvA, 1951 laghIyastrayam, A. akalaMkadeva, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda 1939 290 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #293
vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, zrI jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa, lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira, ahamadAbAda, 1968 vRhat svayambhUstotra, A. samantabhadra, zAntivIra di. jaina saMsthAna, mahAvIrajI, 1969 1964 2431 vedAntasAra, sadAnanda, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1959 samayasAra kalaza, A. amRtacandra, di. jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, sonagar3ha, saptabhaMgItaraGgiNI, zrImadvimaladAsa, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, vI. ni. sAMkhyakArikA, Izvara kRSNa, bhAratIya sAhitya vidyAlaya, kAzI, vi. saM. sarvadarzanasaMgraha, mAdhavAcArya, lakSmI veMkaTezvara presa, bambaI, saM. 1982 sarvArthasiddhi, A. pUjyapAda, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1955 siddhivinizcaya TIkA 1., A. anantavIrya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1959 siddhivinizcaya TIkA 2., A. anantavIrya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1959 syAdvAdamaMjarI, A. malliSeNa, paramazrutaprabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, 1935 brahmasUtra- zAMkarabhASya, zaMkarAcArya, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1964 siddhAntakaumudI, bhaTTojidIkSita, nirNayasAgara presa, mumbaI, 1933 zrImadbhagavadgItA, veda vyAsa, gItApresa, gorakhapura, 1970 2013 (kha) prAkRta kattigeyANupekkhA (kArtikeyAnuprekSA) svAmikumAra, paramazruta prabhAvaka rAjacandra, jaina zAstramAlA, agAsa, 1960 kundakundaprAbhRtasaMgraha, kailAzacandra zAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 1960 gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), A. nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI, paramazrutaprabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, 1927 gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) A. nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI, paramazrutaprabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, 1928 jayadhavalA (kaSAya pAhuDa kI TIkA) AcArya vIrasena, bhA. di. jaina saMgha, caurAsI, mathurA, 1974 sahAyaka grantha-sUcI :: 291 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #294
tiloyapaNNattI bhAga 1, A. yativRSabha, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 1943 dravyasaMgraha, A. nemicandra, di. jaina prajJA pustakamAlA, luharrA (jhAMsI), 2465 nayacakra, zrI mAilladhavala, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1971 niyamasAra, A. kundakunda, di. jaina pAramArthika TrasTa, bambaI, 1960 paMcAstikAya, AcArya kundakunda, di. jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, sonagar3ha, 1959 pravacanasAra, AcArya kundakunda pATanI di. jaina granthamAlA, mAroTha, 1950 samayasAra, AcArya kundakunda pATanI di. jaina granthamAlA, mAroTha, 1953 sanmatiprakaraNa, AcArya siddhasena, jJAnodaya TrasTa, ahamadAbAda, 1963 (ga) hindI cidvilAsa, paM. dIpacandra kAzalIvAla, seThI di. jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, jaina - siddhAnta-darpaNa, paM. gopAladAsa jI baraiyA, muni zrI anantakIrti di. jaina granthamAlA samiti, bambaI, 1928 jainadarzana aura vijJAna, pro. jI. Ara. jaina, vIra bhavana, meraTha, 1971 nayadarpaNa, zrI jinendra varNI, di. jaina pAramArthika saMsthAeM, indaura, 1965 premI abhinandana grantha, premI abhinandana grantha samiti, TIkamagar3ha, 1946 jaina darzana ke maulika tattva, muni nathamala, motIlAla begAnI ceriTebala TrasTa, kalakatA jainadharma, siddhAntAcArya paM. kailAzacandra jaina, bhA. di. jaina saMgha caurAsI, mathurA, 2475 bhAratIya darzana ( hindI anuvAda) bhAga 1., DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana, rAjapAla eNDa saMsa, dillI, 1969 bhAratIya darzana, zrI baladeva upAdhyAya, zAradA mandira prakAzana, kAzI, 1971 jaina darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna, munizrI nagarAja jI, AtmA rAma eNDa saMsa, dehalI zabdakalpadruma, zrI rAdhAkAnta deva, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIz2a, vArANasI 292 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #295
saMketa a. gra. a. yo. vya. a. vya. a. za. a. sa. A. pa. A. mI. kA. ka. ku. ku. prA. saM. go. ka. go. jI. ci. vi. chAnda. u. ja. dha. TI. jaina tarka. : jaina si. da. ta. a. bhA. ta. bhA. ta. rA. vA. ta. vR. grantha saMketa sUcI grantha akalaMka granthatrayam anyayogavyavacchedikA ayogavyavacchedikA aSTa aSTasahastrI AlApapaddhati AptamImAMsA kattigeyANupekkhA (kArtikeyAnuprekSA) kundakundaprAbhRtasaMgraha gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) cidvilAsa chAndogyopaniSad jayadhavalA (kaSAyapAhuDa kI TIkA ) jaina tarkabhASA jaina - siddhAnta-darpaNa tattvArthAdhigamabhASya tarkabhASA tattvArtharAjavArtika tattvArthavRtti grantha saMketa sUcI :: 293 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #296
it it to it noi lop FFFFFFFF 6 7 but it rre nyA. ku. ca. nyA. dI.. nyAyA. nyA. vA. vR. nyA. vi. paM. kA. paMcAdhyA. tattvArthazlokavArtika tarkasaMgraha tattvArthasAra tattvArthasUtra tiloyapaNNattI dravyasaMgraha dhavalA (SaTkhaNDAgama kI TIkA) dhavalA TIkA, pu. 9 nayacakra nayadarpaNa niyamasAra nyAyakumudacandra nyAyadIpikA nyAyAvatAra nyAyAvatAravArtikavRtti nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa paMcAstikAya paMcAdhyAyI parIkSAmukha puruSArthasiddhayupAya prameyakamalamArtaNDa pramANa-naya-tattvAloka pramANamImAMsA prameyaratnamAlA pravacanasAra brahmasUtra-zAMkarabhASya bhAratIya darzana (hindI anuvAda) bhAratIya darzana mahAbhASya mImAMsAzlokavArtika yuktyanuzAsana pu. si. pra. ka. mA. pra. na. ta. / sU. zAM. bhA. bhA. da. ma. bhA. mI. zlo. vA. yu. zA. 294 :: jainadarzana meM nayavAda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #297
laghI. vi. A. bhA. vR. sva. sto. laghIyastrayam vizeSAvazyakabhASya vRhat svayambhUstotra vedAntasAra sarvadarzanasaMgraha saptabhaMgItaraGgiNI sanmatiprakaraNa samayasAra samayasAra kalaza sAMkhyakArikA sarvArthasiddhi siddhAntakaumudI siddhivinizcaya TIkA syAdvAdamaMjarI sa. sA. ka. sAM. kA. sa. si. si. ko. si. vi. TI. syA. maM. grantha saMketa sUcI :: 295 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #298

Page #299
sukhanandana jaina jainadharma aura darzana ke prakhyAta vidvAna, prAdhyApaka evaM ojasvI prvktaa| 15 agasta 1924, grAma : baramAtAla, jilA : TIkamagar3ha (ma.pra.) meM jnm| prArambhika zikSA atizaya kSetra papaurAjI, TIkamagar3ha se| tatpazcAt 1945 meM pUjya gaNeza prasAda varNI ke sAnnidhya meM adhyayanarata rahate hue zAsakIya saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, banArasa se sAhitya viSaya meM shaastrii| 1958 evaM 1961 meM AgarA vizvavidyAlaya se hindI evaM saMskRta sAhitya meM em.e.| 1977 meM meraTha vizvavidyAlaya se 'jainadarzana meM nayavAda' viSaya para vidyAvAcaspati (pI-eca.DI.) kI upaadhi| sarvaprathama varNI mahAvidyAlaya, sahAranapura meM zikSaNa-kArya aura phira digambara jaina kaoNleja, bar3auta meM saMskRta vibhAga ke prophesara evaM vibhaagaadhykss| sammAna : 1976 meM vIra nirvANa bhAratI dvArA 'samAjaratna' upAdhi se vibhuussit| 1979 meM 54 varSa kI Ayu meM dehaavsaan| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #300
bhAratIya jJAnapITha 18, insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, nayI dillI - 110 003 saMsthApaka : sva. sAhU zAntiprasAda jaina, sva. zrImatI ramA jaina For Personal povale Use Only www.jalnelibrary.org