Bhagavana Mahavir Adhunik Sandarbh me

Author(s): Narendra Bhanavat
Publisher: Motilal Banarasidas
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010162/1

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500veM parinirvANa mahotsava ke upalakSya meM prakAzita :::::: Emaitutnelamandutaininician - 1. Kamaksamitrate 155. AAL Con :: . . S . ElE idamAnAvanA bhagavAna mahAvIra Adhunika sandarbha meM

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bhagavAn mahAvIra : Adhunika saMdarbha meM [ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tattva-cintana kA Adhunika saMdarbha meM bahuAyAmI vivecana ] sampAdaka DaoN0 narendra bhAnAvata, ema. e., pIeca. DI. prAdhyApaka, hindI-vibhAga rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura saha sampAdaka DaoN0 (zrImatI) zAntA bhAnAvata, ema. e., pIeca. DI. pramukha vitaraka mobIlAla banArasIdAsa dillI :: paTanA :: vArANasI

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bhagavAn madhuti sandarbha meM 3718

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na GIGIR UPTAN parama zraddheya prAcArya zrI nAnAlAlajI mahArAjya sAdhanA-samatAmaya jIvana-darzana aura tejasvI vyaktitva ko sAdara savinaya samarpita.

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prakAzaka : zrI akhila bhAratavIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha samatA bhavana, rAmapuriyA sar3aka, vIkAnera (rAjasthAna) pramukha vitaraka: motIlAla banArasIdAsa mukhya kAryAlaya vaMgalo roDa, javAhara nagara, dillI-7 zAkhAe~ cauka, vArANasI-1 ( u0 pra0) azoka rAjapatha, paTanA-4 (bihAra) prakAzana - varSa : 1974 mUlya : 40) cAlIsa rupayA mudraka : phreNDsa priNTarsa eNDa sTezanarsa jauharI bAjAra, jayapura-3

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:: anukramaNikA :: pRSTha-saMkhyA prakAzakIya sampAdakIya prathama khaNDa jIvana, vyaktitva aura vicAra (1 se 38) 1. bhagavAn mahAvIra : jIvana, __ vyaktitva aura vicAra paM0 ke0 bhujavalI zAstrI 2. bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAMca nAma aura ___unakA pratIkArtha DA0 nemIcanda jaina 3. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra DA0 esa0 rAdhAkRSNana 4. jyotipurupa mahAvIra upAdhyAya amara muni 5. mahAvIra : krAntadraSTA, yugasRNTA AcArya rajanIza 6. AtmajayI mahAvIra prAcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI 7. vizva ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dena zrI madhukara munijI 8. bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAzvata sandeza zrI agaracanda nAhaTA dvitIya khaNDa sAmAjika sandarbha (36 se 14) 6. samatA-darzana : Adhunika pariprekSya meM prAcArya zrI nAnAlAlajI ma. sA. 36 10. bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mAMgalika virAsata paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI 11. mahAvIra : bApU ke mUla preraNA-srota DA0 bhAgacanda jaina 12. Adarza parivAra kI saMkalpanA aura mahAvIra DA0 kusumalatA jaina 13. anaitikatA ke nivAraNa meM mahAvIra-vANI ko bhUmikA DA0 kundanalAla jaina 14. mahAvIra ko dRSTi meM zikSA, zikSaka aura zikSArthI pro kamalakumAra jaina 15. bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM nArI vimalA mehatA 16. navIna samAja-racanA meM mahAvIra kI vicAra-dhArA kisa prakAra , sahayogI bana sakatI hai ?

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zrI viraghIlAla seThI (i) jo bhI utpAdana ho use saba bA~Takara khAyeM (ii) adhyAtmavAda ke dvArA mAnava jIvana saMtulita kiyA jA sakatA hai (iii) paraspara upakAra karate hue jInA hI vAstavika jIvana (iv) navIna samAja-racanA syAdvAda para AdhArita ho DA0 jayakizana prasAda khaNDelavAla 86 zrI mizrIlAla jaina 88 zrI javAharalAla mUNota 113 tRtIya khaNDa Arthika saMdarbha (65 se 116) 17. samAjavAdI artha-vyavasthA aura mahAvIra zrI zAnticandra mehatA 67 18. Arthika, mAnasika aura AdhyAtmika garIvI kaise haTe ? zrI raNajItasiMha kUmaTa 110 16. mahAvIra-vANI meM zrama-bhAva kI pratiSThA zrI zrIcanda surAnA 'sarasa' caturtha khaNDa rAjanItika saMdarbha (117 se 146) 20. loka kalyANakArI rAjya aura mahAvIra kI jIvana-dRSTi DA0 mahendrasAgara pracaMDiyA 116 21. zAMtipUrNa sahaastitva ke vikAsa-krama meM mahAvIra ke vicAra zrI harizcandra daka 123 22. guTa nirapekSatA kA siddhAnta aura mahAvIra kA anekAnta dRSTikoNa DA0 subhApa mizra 23. vizva-zAMti ke saMdarbha meM ____ bhagavAna mahAvIra kA saMdeza DA0 zrImatI zAntA bhAnAvata 132 24. vartamAna netRtva mahAvIra se kyA sIkhe ? zrI saubhAgyamala jaina 25. mahAvIra kI krAMti se Aja ke krAMtikArI kyA preraNA leM ? zrI miTThAlAla murar3iyA 142 paMcama khaNDa dArzanika saMdarbha (147 se 162) 26. bhItara kI vIja-zakti ko vikasita kareM! AcArya zrI hastImalajI ma0 sA0 146 27. mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM mAnava 127 s

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166 vyaktitva ke vikAsa kI sambhAvanAe~ DA0 chavinAtha tripAThI 154 28. mahAvIra kI dRpTi meM svatantratA kA sahI svarUpa muni zrI nathamala 160 26. vyakti-svAtantrya aura mahAvIra DA. devendra kumAra jaina 167 30. mahAvIra-vANI : sahI dizA-bodhaM DA0 prema prakAza bhaTTa 31. Adhunika dArzanika dhAraNAeM aura mahAvIra paM0 zrutideva zAstrI 174 32. adhyAtmavijJAna se hI mAnavIya mUlyoM kI pratiSThA sambhava zrI devakumAra jaina 176 33. ahiMsA ke pAyAma : mahAvIra aura gAMdhI zrI yazapAla jaina 187 SaSTha khaNDa vaijJAnika saMdarbha (163 se 216) 34. jaina darzana aura vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa muni zrI suzIlakumAra 165 35. Adhunika vijJAna aura dravya viSayaka jaina dhAraNAe~ DA. vIrendra siMha 203 36. vaijJAnikI aura takanIkI vikAsa se utpanna mAnavIya samasyAeM aura mahAvIra DA0 rAmamUrti tripAThI saptamna khaNDa manovaijJAnika saMdarbha (217 se 252) 37. bhagavAna mahAvIra kI ve vAteM jo Aja bhI upayogI haiM zrI umeza muni 'aNu' 38. manovijJAna ke parivekSya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA tattvajJAna zrI kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA 231 36. mahAvIra ne kahAsukha yaha hai, sukha yahA~ hai DA0 hukamacanda bhArilla 241 241 40. mAnasika svAsthya ke lie mahAvIra ne yaha kahA zrI yajJadatta akSaya 41. avakAza ke kSaNoM ke upayoga . . . . 245 kI samasyA aura mahAvIra zrI mahAvIra koTiyA aSTama khaNDa sAMskRtika saMdarbha (253 se 312) 42. Adhunika paristhitiyA~ evaM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA sandeza DA0 mahAvIra sarana jaina 211 216 250

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268 272 ra77 262 43. Adhunika yuga aura bhagavAn mahAvIra paM0 dalasukha mAlavariNayA 44. vartamAna meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tattva cintana kI sArthakatA ... DA0 narendra bhAnAvata 45. badalate saMdarbho meM mahAvIravANI kI bhUmikA DA0 premasumana jaina 46. bhagavAna mahAvIra kI prAsaMgikatA DA0 vizvambharanAtha upAdhyAya 47. kyA Aja ke saMdarbha meM bhI ___ mahAvIra sArthaka hai ? zrI bhaMvaramala siMghI 48. yuvA pIr3hI mahAvIra se kyA preraNA le ? zrI candanamala 'cA~da' 46. loka sAMskRtika cetanA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra zrI zrIcanda jaina 50. bhASAoM kA prazna : mahAvIra kA dRSTikoNa zrI mAIdayAla jaina 265 268 18 navama khaNDa paricarcA (313 se 344) 51. bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlya : kitane preraka !! kitane sArthaka !! Ayojaka DA0 narendra bhAnAvata 315 vicAraka vidvAn prAcArya zrI nAnAlAlajI ma. sA. 316 zrI ripabhadAsa rAMkA zrI gaNapaticandra bhaNDArI 327 DA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla zrI jayakumAra jalaja 331 DA0 indararAja vaida 332 DA0 cainasiMha varalA 234 DA0 rAmagopAla zarmA 336 DA0 narendrakumAra siMghI DA0 narapatacanda siMghavI 340 10. hamAre sahayogI lekhaka (345 se 350) 326

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prakAzakIya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2500veM parinirvANa mahotsava para, zrI akhila bhAratavarSIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha kI ora se yaha prakAzana karate hue hameM bar3I prasannatA kA anubhava ho rahA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane samaya meM saba jIvoM ke prati maitrI-bhAva, dUsaroM ke vicAroM ke prati Adara-bhAva, AtmA kI svAdhInatA, vRttiyoM kA saMyamana, AvazyakatA se adhika saMcaya na karane kA vrata jaise lokahitavAhI AtmaniSTha mUlyoM kI pratiSThApanA kI thii| badalatI huI paristhitiyoM meM unake dvArA prasthApita ye mUlya Aja adhika prAsaMgika aura arthavAna bana gae haiN| vartamAna manISA kA cintama isa ora adhikAdhika kendrita hotA jA rahA hai| Aja vizva Arthika saMkaTa ke sAtha-sAtha sAMskRtika aura cAritrika saMkaTa se grasta hai| cAroM ora hiMsA, zopaNa, utpIr3ana, durAgraha, hauvAditA kA bhayAvaha vAtAvaraNa hai / aNuyuga meM pahuMca kara bhI Aja kA mAnava saccI zAMti nahIM prApta kara sakA hai| use cAha aura lalaka hai ise prApta karane kI / para yaha prApti bahirjagat kI yAtrA se saMbhava nahI / isake lie use antarjagat kI yAtrA karanI hogii| isa yAtrA ke vibhinna par3AvoM ko ina prakAzanoM ke mAdhyama se rekhAMkita karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| zrI a0 bhA0 sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha ne apane jayapura adhivezana (akTUbara, 1972) meM DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata ke sAtha vicAra-vimarza kara, sAhitya-prakAzana kI eka yojanA svIkRta kI / usI yojanA ke antargata bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2500veM parinirvANa varSa meM DaoN. bhAnAvata ke hI saMyojana-saMpAdana meM nimnalikhita cAra grantha prakAzita kiye jA rahe haiM 1. Lord Mahavir & His Times * By Dr. K.C. Jain 2. bhagavAn mahAvIra : apane samaya meM * mUla lekhaka DaoN. ke0 sI0 jaina * anuvAdaka DaoN. manoharalAla dalAla Lord Mahavir & His Relevance in Contemporary Age * Edited by : Dr. Narendra Bhanawat, Dr. Prem Suman Jain 4. bhagavAn mahAvIra : Adhunika saMdarbha meM * saM0 DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata, DaoN. zAntA bhAnAvata

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zrI zra0 bhA0 sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha kI sthApanA 30 sitambara, 1962 (saM0 2016, Azvina zuklA dvitIyA ) ko udayapura meM huI thii| saMgha kA pramukha uddezya vyakti ko grAtmasvarUpa kA jJAna karAte hue sadAcAramaya zrAdhyAtmika jIvana jIne kI preraNA dene ke sAtha-sAtha samAja kI jana hitakArI pravRttiyoM ko bar3hAvA dete hue use nirantara pragati kI ora agrasara karate rahanA hai / isa uddezya kI pUrti ke lie jahA~ eka ora saMgha, jIvana-nirmANakArI sat sAhitya ke prakAzana ko mahattva detA rahA hai, vahA~ dUsarI ora sAmAjika samAnatA, svasthatA va saMskArazIlatA ke lie naitika zikSaNa, svadharmI- mahayoga, jIva-dayA, chAtravRtti, chAtrAvAsa suvidhA pichaDe hue vargoM ke utthAna evaM saMskAra - nirmANa ke lie dharmapAla- pravRtti, mahilAoM ke svAvalamvI jIvana ke lie udyoga mandira jaise mahattvapUrNa vividha AyAmI kArya sampAdita kara rahA hai / ina pravRttiyoM ko gatizIla banAye rakhane ke lie 'zramaNopAsaka' pAkSika patra kA prakAzana kiyA jAtA hai| saMgha kI mahilA samiti, nArIjAgaraNa kI dizA meM vizeSa prayatnazIla hai / saMgha dvArA prakAzita kie jAne vAle ina granthoM ke lekhana, sampAdana evaM prakAzana meM jina vyaktiyoM kA sahayoga rahA hai, una sabake prati hama hArdika AbhAra prakaTa karate haiM / motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI ne hamAre nivedana para pramukha vitaraka kA dAyitva lenA svIkAra kiyA, grataH hama unake grAbhArI hai / hameM grAzA hI nahIM balki pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki ina granthoM ke adhyayana-manana se, bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unake tattva-jJAna ko, tatkAlIna evaM grAvunika donoM saMdarbhoM meM, sahI pariprekSya meM samajhane-parakhane tathA samasAmayika jIvana kI samasyAoM ko sulajhAne meM madada milegI / nivedaka gumAnamala caurar3iyA jugarAja seThiyA maMtrI adhyakSa bhaMvaralAla koThArI, caMpAlAla DAgA, kAlUrAma chAjer3a, pRthvIrAja pArakha sahamaMtrI zrI zrakhila bhAratavarSIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha

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RanIya krAnti-puruSa mahAvIra : varSamAna mahAvIra krAMtikArI vyaktitva lekara prakaTa hue| unameM svastha samAjanirmANa aura Adarza vyakti-nirmANa kI tar3apa thii| yadyapi svayaM unake liye samasta aizvarya aura vailAsika upAdAna prastuta the tathApi unakA mana unameM nahIM lagA / ve jisa vindu para vyakti aura samAja ko le jAnA cAhate the, usake anukUla paristhitiyAM usa samaya na thiiN| dhArmika jar3atA aura andha zraddhA ne savako puruSArtha rahita banA rakhA thA, Arthika vipamatA apane pUre ubhAra para thii| jAti-bheda aura sAmAjika vaiSamya samAja-deha meM ghAva bana cuke the| gatAnugatikatA kA chora pakar3a kara hI sabhI cale jA rahe the / isa viSama aura cetanA rahita pariveza meM mahAvIra kA dAyitva mahAn thaa| rAjagharAne meM janma lekara bhI unhoMne apane samagna dAyitva ko samajhA / dUsaroM ke prati sahAnubhUti aura sadAzayatA ke bhAva unameM jage aura eka krAntadarzI vyaktitva ke rUpa meM ve sAmane Aye, jisane savako jAgRta kara diyA, apane-apane kartavyoM kA bhAna karA diyA aura vyakti tathA samAja ko bhUlabhulaiyA se bAhara nikAla kara sahI dizA-nirdeza hI nahIM kiyA varan usa rAste kA mArga bhI prazasta kara diyaa| krAnti kI pRSThabhUmi : pariveza ke vibhinna sUtroM ko vahI vyakti pakar3a sakatA hai jo sUkSma drapTA ho; jisakI vRtti nirmala, svArtha rahita aura sampUrNa mAnavatA ke hitoM kI saMvAhikA ho / mahAvIra ne bhautika aizvarya kI carama sImA ko sparza kiyA thA para eka vicitra prakAra kI riktatA kA anubhava ve varAvara karate rahe, jisakI pUrti kisI vAhya sAdhanA se sambhava na thii| vaha Antarika cetanA aura mAnasika taTasthatA se hI pATI jA sakatI thii| isI riktatA ko pATane ke lie unhoMne ghara-bAra chor3a diyA, rAja-vaibhava ko lAta mAra dI aura bana gaye aTala vairAgI, mahAn tyAgI, ekadama aparigrahI, nispRhii|

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( kha) unake jIvana darzana kI yahI pRSThabhUmi unheM krAMti kI prora gii| unhoMne jIvana ke vibhinna paripArzvo ko jar3a, gatihIna aura niSkriya dekhA / ve sabameM cetanatA, gatizIlatA aura puruSArtha kI bhAvanA bharanA cAhate the / dhArmika, sAmAjika, grArthika aura vauddhika kSetra meM unhoMne jo krAMti kI, usakA yahI darzana thA / dhArmika krAnti : mahAvIra ne dekhA ki dharma ko loga upAsanA kI nahIM, pradarzana kI vastu samajhane lage haiM | usake lie mana ke vikAroM aura vibhAvoM kA tyAga Avazyaka nahIM rahA, Avazyaka rahA yajJa meM bhautika sAmagrI kI grAhuti denA, yahA~ taka ki pazuoMoM kA validAna karanA / dharma apane svabhAva ko bhUla kara ekadama kriyAkAMDa vana gayA thA / usakA sAmAnyIkRta rUpa vikRta hokara vizeSAdhikAra ke kaThaghare meM vanda ho gayA thA / Izvara kI upAsanA sabhI mukta hRdaya se nahIM kara sakate the / usa para eka varga vizeSa kA ekAdhipatya sA ho gayA thA / usakI dRSTi sUkSma se sthUla aura antara se vAhya ho gaI thI / isa viSama sthiti ko cunautI diye vinA Age bar3hanA duSkara thA / ataH bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pracalita dharma aura upAsanA paddhati kA tIvra zabdoM meM khaMDana kiyA aura batAyA ki Izvaratva ko prApta karane ke sAdhanoM para kisI varga vizeSa yA vyakti vizeSa kA adhikAra nahIM hai| vaha to svayaM meM svataMtra, mukta, nirlepa aura nirvikAra hai / use hara vyakti, cAhe vaha kisI jAti, varga, dharma yA liMga kA ho - mana kI zuddhatA aura grAcaraNa kI pavitratA ke bala para prApta kara sakatA hai / isake lie Avazyaka hai ki vaha apane kapAyoM - krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha - ko tyAga de / - dharma ke kSetra meM usa samaya uccha GkhalatA phaila gaI thii| hara pramukha sAvaka apane ko sarvesarvA mAna kara cala rahA thA / upAsaka kI svataMtra cetanA kA koI mahattva nahIM raha gayA thA / mahAvIra ne Izvara ko itanA vyApaka banA diyA ki koI bhI grAtma-sAvaka Izvara ko prApta hI nahIM kare varan svayaM hI Izvara vana jAya / isa bhAvanA ne grasahAya, niSkriya janatA ke hRdaya meM zakti, grAtma-vizvAsa aura Atma bala kA teja bharA / vaha sAre AvaraNoM ko bheda kara, eka vAragI uTha khar3I huii| aba use Izvara prApti ke lie paramukhApekSI bana kara nahIM rahanA par3A / use lagA ki sAdhaka bhI vahI hai aura sAdhya bhI vahI hai / jyoM-jyoM sAdhaka, tapa, saMyama aura grahiMsA ko AtmasAt karatA jAyegA tyoM-tyoM vaha sAdhya ke rUpa meM parivartita hotA jAyagA / isa prakAra dharma ke kSetra se dalAloM aura madhyasthoM ko bAhara nikAla kara, mahAvIra ne sahI upAsanA paddhati kA sUtrapAta kiyA / sAmAjika krAnti : mahAvIra yaha acchI taraha jAnate the ki dhArmika krAMti ke phalasvarUpa jo nayI jIvana-dRSTi milegI usakA kriyAnvayana karane ke lie samAja meM pracalita rUr3ha mUlyoM ko bhI badalanA par3egA / isI sandarbha meM mahAvIra ne sAmAjika krAMti kA sUtrapAta kiyA / mahAvIra

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( ga ) ne dekhA ki samAja meM do varga haiM / eka kulIna varga jo ki zoSaka hai, dUsarA nimna varga jisakA ki zoSaNa kiyA jA rahA hai| ise rokanA hogaa| isake lie unhoMne aparigrahadarzana kI vicAradhArA rakhI, jisakI bhitti para Age cala kara Arthika krAMti huii| usa samaya samAja meM varNa-bheda apane ubhAra para thA / brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra kI jo avatAraNA kabhI karma ke AdhAra para sAmAjika sudhAra ke lie, zrama-vibhAjana ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kI gaI thI, vaha Ate-Ate rUr3higrasta ho gaI aura usakA AdhAra aba janma raha gayA / janma se hI vyakti brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra kahalAne lgaa| phala yaha huA ki zUdroM kI sthiti atyanta dayanIya ho gaI / nArI jAti kI bhI yahI sthiti thii| zUdroM kI aura nArI jAti kI isa dayanIya avasthA ke rahate hue dhArmika-kSetra meM pravartita krAMti kA koI mahattva nahIM thA / ataH mahAvIra ne bar3I dRr3hatA aura nizcitatA ke sAtha zUdroM aura nArI jAti ko apane dharma meM dIkSita kiyA aura yaha ghoSaNA kI ki janma se koI brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya, zUdrAdi nahIM hotA, karma se hI saba hotA hai / harikezI cAMDAla ke lie, saddAla putta kumbhakAra ke liye, candanavAlA (strI) ke lie unhoMne adhyAtma sAdhanA kA rAstA khola diyaa| Adarza samAja kaisA ho ? isa para bhI mahAvIra kI dRSTi rahI / isIliye unhoMne vyakti ke jIvana meM vrata-sAdhanA kI bhUmikA prastuta kii| zrAvaka ke vAraha vratoM meM samAjavAdI samAja-racanA ke AdhArabhUta tattva kisI na kisI rUpa meM samAviSTa hai / niraparAdhI ko daNDa na denA, asatya na bolanA, corI na karanA, na cora ko kisI prakAra kI sahAyatA denA, svadAra-saMtopa ke prakAza meM kAma bhAvanA para niyantraNa rakhanA, AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha na karanA, vyaya-pravRtti ke kSetra kI maryAdA karanA, jIvana meM samatA, saMyama, tapa aura tyAga vRtti ko vikasita karanA-isa vrata-sAdhanA kA mUla bhAva hai / kahanA na hogA ki isa sAdhanA ko apane jIvana meM utArane vAle vyakti, jisa samAja ke aMga hoMge, vaha samAja kitanA Adarza, pragatizIla aura caritraniSTha hogA / zakti aura zIla kA, pravRtti aura nivRtti kA yaha sundara sAmaMjasya hI samAjavAdI samAja-racanA kA mUlAdhAra honA cAhiye / mahAvIra kI yaha sAmAjika krAMti hiMsaka na hokara ahiMsaka hai, saMgharSamUlaka na hokara samanvayamUlaka hai| prAthika krAMti: ___ mahAvIra svayaM rAjaputra the / dhana-sampadA aura bhautika vaibhava kI raMgIniyoM se unakA pratyakSa sambandha thA isIliye ve artha kI upayogitA ko aura usakI mahattA ko ThIka-ThIka samajha sake the / unakA nizcita mata thA ki sacce jIvanAnaMda ke liye AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha ucita nahIM / AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha karane para do samasyAyeM uTha khar3I hotI haiM / pahalI samasyA kA samvandha vyakti se hai, dUsarI kA samAja se / anAvazyaka saMgraha karane para vyakti lobha-vRtti kI ora agrasara hotA hai aura samAja kA zepa aMga usa vastu vizeSa se vaMcita rahatA hai / phalasvarUpa samAja meM do varga ho jAte haiM-eka sampanna, dUsarA vipanna: aura donoM meM saMgharSa prArambha hotA hai / kArla mArksa ne ise varga-saMgharSa kI saMjJA dI hai, aura

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isakA hala hiMsaka krAMti meM DhUMDhA hai| para mahAvIra ne isa Arthika vaipamya ko miTAne ke lie aparigraha kI vicAradhArA rakhI hai / isakA sIdhA artha hai-mamatva ko kama karanA, anAvazyaka saMgraha na karanA / apanI jitanI AvazyakatA ho, use pUrA karane kI dRSTi se pravRtti ko maryAdita aura AtmA ko pariSkRta karanA jarUrI hai| zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM meM ina mabakI bhUmikAeM nihita haiM / mArsa kI Arthika krAMti kA mUla AdhAra bhautika hai, usameM cetanA ko nakArA gayA hai jabaki mahAvIra kI yaha Arthika krAMti cetanAmUlaka hai / isakA kendra-bindu koI jar3a padArtha nahIM varan vyakti svayaM hai| bauddhika krAMti : mahAvIra ne yaha acchI taraha jAna liyA thA ki jIvana-tattva apane meM pUrNa hote hue bhI vaha kaI aMzoM kI akhaNDa samaSTi hai| isIliye aMzoM ko samajhane ke lie aMza kA samajhanA bhI jarUrI hai| yadi hama aMza ko nakArate rahe, usakI upekSA karate rahe to hama aMzI ko usake sarvAGga sampUrNa rUpa meM nahIM samajha sakeMge / sAmAnyataH samAja meM jo jhagar3A yA vAda-vivAda hotA hai, vaha durAgraha, haThavAditA aura eka pakSa para ar3e rahane ke hI kAraNa hotA hai / yadi usake samasta pahaluoM ko acchI taraha dekha liyA jAya to kahIM na kahI satyAMza nikala aayegaa| eka hI vastu yA vicAra ko eka tarapha se na dekhakara, use cAroM ora se dekha liyA jAya, phira kisI ko etarAja na rhegaa| isa bauddhika dRSTikoNa ko hI mahAvIra ne syAdvAda yA anekAMta-darzana kahA / AinsTIna kA sApekSavAda isI bhUmikA para khar3A hai / isa bhUmikA para hI Age cala kara saguNa-nirguNa ke vAda-vivAda ko, jJAna aura bhakti ke jhagar3e ko sulajhAyA gyaa| prAcAra meM ahiMsA kI aura vicAra meM anekAMta kI pratiSThA kara mahAvIra ne apanI krAMtimUlaka dRSTi ko vyApakatA dI / ahiMsaka dRSTi : ina vibhinna krAMtiyoM ke mUla meM mahAvIra kA vIra vyaktitva hI sarvatra jhAMkatA hai / ve vIra hI nahIM, mahAvIra the / inakI mahAvIratA kA svarUpa Atmagata adhika thaa| usameM duSToM se pratikAra yA pratizodha lene kI bhAvanA nahIM varan duSTa ke hRdaya ko parivartita kara usameM mAnavIya sadguNoM-dayA, prema, sadAzayatA, karuNA Adi ko prasthApita karane kI preraNA adhika hai / caNDakauzika ke vipa ko amRta banA dene meM grahI mUla pravRtti rahI hai / mahAvIra ne aisA nahIM kiyA ki caNDakauzika ko hI naSTa kara diyA ho / unakI vIratA meM zatru kA damana nahIM. zatru ke durbhAvoM kA damana hai / ve burAI kA badalA burAI se nahIM balki bhalAI se dekara bure vyakti ko hI bhalA manuSya vanA denA cAhate haiM / yahI ahiMsaka dRSTi mahAvIra kI krAMti kI pRSThabhUmi rahI hai / Adhunika saMdarbha aura mahAvIra : bhagavAn mahAvIra ko hue Aja 2500 varSa ho gaye haiM para abhI bhI hama una mUlyoM ko AtmasAt nahIM kara pAye hai jinakI pratiSThApanA unhoMne apane samaya meM kI thii| saca

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( Ga )) to yaha hai ki mahAvIra ke tattva-cintana kA mahattva unake apane samaya kI apekSA grAja, vartamAna sandarbha meM kahIM adhika sArthaka aura prAsaMgika lagane lagA hai / vaijJAnika cintana ne yadyapi dharma ke nAma para hone vAle bAhya kriyAkANDoM, atyAcAroM aura unmAdakArI pravRttiyoM ke viruddha janamAnasa ko saMgharSazIla vanA diyA hai, usakI indriyoM ke viSaya sevana ke kSetra kI vistAra kara diyA hai, zraudyogikaraNa ke mAdhyama se utpAdana kI prakriyA ko teja kara diyA hai, rASTroM kI dUrI paraspara kama karadI hai, tathApi grAja kA mAnava sukhI aura zAnta nahIM hai / usakI mana kI dUriyA~ bar3ha gaI haiM / jAtivAda, raMgabheda, bhukhamarI, guTaparastI jaise sUkSma saMhArI kITANutroM se vaha grasta hai / vaha apane paricitoM ke bIca rahakara bhI aparicita hai, ajanavI hai, parAyA hai / mAnasika kuThAyoM, vaiyaktika pIr3AoM aura yuga kI kar3avAhaTa se vaha trasta hai, saMtapta hai / isakA mUla kAraNa hai- Atmagata mUlyoM ke prati usakI niSThA kA prabhAva | isa prabhAva ko vaijJAnika pragati aura grAdhyAtmika sphuraNA ke sAmaMjasya se hI dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai / AdhyAtmika sphuraNA kI pahalI zarta hai - vyakti ke svataMtracetA astitva kI mAnyatA, jisa para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sarvAdhika bala diyA, aura Aja kI vicAradhArA bhI vyakti meM vAMchita mUlyoM kI pratiSThA ke lie anukUla paristhiti nirmANa para vizeSa bala detI hai / grAja sarakArI aura gaira-sarakArI stara para mAnava-kalyANa ke lie nAnAviva saMsthAeM ra ejensiyAM kAryarata haiN| zaharI sampatti kI sImAvandI, bhUmi kA sIliMga aura prAyakarapaddhati grAdi kucha aise kadama hai jo prArthika viSamatA ko kama karane meM sahAyaka siddha ho sakate haiM / dharmanirapekSatA kA siddhAnta bhI, mUlataH isa bAta para vala detA hai ki apanI-apanI bhAvanA ke anukUla pratyeka vyakti ko kisI bhI dharma ke anupAlana kI svataMtratA hai / ye paristhitiyA~ mAnava itihAsa meM isa rUpa meM itanI sArvajanIna vanakara pahale kabhI nahIM AI / prakArAntara se bhagavAn mahAvIra kA aparigraha va anekAnta - siddhAnta hI isa cintana ke mUla meM preraka ghaTaka rahA hai / vartamAna paristhitiyoM ne AdhyAtmikatA ke vikAsa ke lie acchA vAtAvaraNa taiyAra kara diyA hai / Aja AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai, ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tattva-cintana kA upayoga samasAmayika jIvana kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke lie bhI prabhAvakArI tarIke se kiyA jAya / vartamAna paristhitiyAM itanI jaTila evaM bhayAvaha vana gayI haiM ki vyakti apane AvegoM ko roka nahIM pAtA aura vaha vivekahIna hokara grAtmaghAta kara baiThatA hai / AtmahatyAoM ke ye AMkar3e dila dahalAne vAle haiM / aisI paristhitiyoM se bacAva tabhI ho sakatA hai jabaki vyakti kA dRSTikoNa AtmonmukhI vane / isake lie Avazyaka hai ki vaha jar3a tattva se pare, cetana tattva kI sattA meM vizvAsa kara yaha cintana kare ki maiM kauna hU~, kahA~ se AyA hU~, kisase banA hU~, mujhe kahA~ jAnA hai / yaha cintana-krama usake mAnasika tanAva ko kama karane ke sAtha-sAtha usameM zrAtma-vizvAsa, sthiratA, dhairya, ekAgratA jaise sadbhAvoM kA vikAsa karegA /

Page #20
(. ca ) samAja meM isa cintana-krama ko vala mile, isI bhAvanA ke sAtha yaha graMtha pAThakoM ke hAthoM meM sauMpate hue mujhe prasannatA kA anubhava ho rahA hai / graMtha ke praNayana-prakAzana meM vidvAn lekhakoM aura gra0 bhA0 sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha ke adhikAriyoM ne jisa tatparatA aura apanatva ke sAtha sahayoga diyA tadartha meM una sabake prati hArdika AbhAra prakaTa karatA hU~ / AzA hai, Age bhI unase isI prakAra kA sahayoga milatA rahegA / sI-235 e, tilakanagara jayapura-4

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prathama khaNDa jIvana, vyaktitva aura vicAra

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Page #23
1 bhagavAn mahAvIra : jIvana, vyaktitva aura vicAra paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI * prAvirbhAvakAlIna sthiti : Arya loga jisa samaya bhArata meM grAye usa samaya unakI saMkhyA adhika nahIM thI / parantu ve saba ke saba kisI eka hI sthAna para na Thahara kara kramazaH bhinna 2 sthAnoM meM phaila gaye / isa prakAra phailakara unakI alaga-alaga zAkhAe~ vana gayIM ora kAla tathA kSetra ke prabhAva se unake dhArmika AcaraNoM meM bhI aMtara par3a gyaa| Arya loga eka Izvara ke upAsaka hote hue bhI prakRti kI vividha adbhuta zaktiyoM meM Izvara ke nAnA rUpoM kI kalpanA karake, devI devatAoMoM ke rUpa meM unakI upAsanA karate rhe| isa kAraNa se Aryo ke liye vRkSa, pazu, nadI, samudra, nAga yAdi sabhI pUjanIya ho gaye / ina kAlpanika devI-devatAoM ko prasanna karane ke liye unhoMne yajJa kI prathA ko bhI vizeSa protsAhana diyA / parantu kAlAntara meM isa dhArmika mUla bhAvanA meM bhI parivartana ho gayA aura yajJa unake liye svargAdisukha ke sAdhana bana gaye / apane una yajJoM meM ve hajAroM-lAkhoM mUkaniraparAdhI - zranAtha pazuoM kI vali dene lage / una valiyoM se ve vizvAsa karane lage ki devIdevatA prasanna ho jAyeMge aura unake liye svargAdi sukha kA dvAra anAyAsa khula jAyegA / isa prakAra bhArata meM ghora hiMsA kA atyadhika pracAra ho gayA / jaba pUjA meM hI hiMsA kA pracAra huA tava anyAnya laukika vyavahAroM meM hiMsA kA pracAra honA sarvathA svAbhAvika hI hai / isa prakAra yahAM para pUjA, upAsanA, saMskAra utsava Adi meM bhI hiMsA kA bolavAlA ho gayA / zrAryo ne apanI suvidhA ko dRSTi meM rakhakara, kAmoM ko vibhAjita kara eka eka kAma ko unakI yogyatAnusAra eka eka varga ko sauMpa diyA thA' / zrAge calakara vahI vargavibhAjana varNoM ke rUpa meM parivartita hokara brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ke nAma se bhinnabhinna cAra varNaM vana gaye / kAlakrameNa una vargoM meM ucca-nIca kI bhAvanA paidA ho gaI aura brAhmaNa tathA kSatriya grapane ko ucca mAnakara vaizya aura zUdroM ko hIna dRSTi se dekhane lage / tadanusAra unake sAtha zrAcaraNa bhI bahuta kutsita hone lagA / zUdra, dAsa evaM striyoM ko kevala nIca hI nahIM samajhA jAne lagA, kintu unheM sAmAnya mAnavIya adhikAroM se bhI vaMcita kara diyA gayA / unako dhArmika adhikAra to diyA hI nahIM gayA / phalataH kAlakrameNa 1 - jaina mAnyatAnusAra varNa-vyavasthA tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabha deva kI dena hai / -sampAdaka

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jIvana, vyaktitatva aura vicAra Apasa meM kaipa bar3ha gayA aura paraspara logoM ke sira phUTane lge| isakA prabhAva rAjanaitika kSetra meM bhI par3A aura usameM bhI vipama paristhiti paidA ho gyii| cAroM ora hiMsA, asatya, zopaNa, atyAcAra aura anAcAroM kA sAmrAjya ho gyaa| dharma ke nAma para manuSya usake vikAroM kA gulAma bana gayA / mAnavAdhikAra naSTa-bhraSTa ho gayA / vyakti kI svataMtratA kA koI prazna hI zepa nahIM rahAM / sarvatra arAjakatA phaila rahI thii| manuSya meM zraddhA aura prAsthA miTa gayI thii| dharmaguru svArthI bana gaye the| deza kI sthiti dayanIya bana gayI thii| agaraNa mUka pazu eka dayAlu mahApurupa ke avatAra kI pratIkSA meM the| ahiMsA, satya, aparigraha yAdi mAnavocita udAtta guNa mRtaprAya the| sarvodaya kI bhAvanA miTa cukI thii| jIvana kI ujjvalatA naSTa ho rahI thii| janatA azAMta hokara eka yugapurupa kI pratIkSA meM TakaTakI lagAye khar3I thii| jIvana aura vyaktitatva : __aisI bhayaMkara paristhiti meM vaizAlI ke kuNDagrAma (kuNDapura) ke jJAtRvaMzIya rAjagharAne meM IsA se 566 varSa pUrva varSamAna nAmaka eka tejasvI vAlaka paidA huaa| vaha caitra kA mAsa, grISma Rtu, zukla trayodazI kA dina, madhyarAtri kI velA thii| pitA rAjA siddhArtha aura mAM rAnI trizalA to pulakita hue hI, isa bAlaka ke janma se sArA rAjya AnaMdita ho utthaa| java se bAlaka mAM ke peTa meM AyA thA, tabhI se vaMza kI sukha-samRddhi evaM mAnamaryAdA meM Azcaryajanaka vRddhi huI thii| isI se bAlaka kA nAma usake guNoM ke anurUpa varSamAna rakhA gyaa| yadyapi vAda meM yaha varSamAna mahAvIra ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| phira bhI varSamAna ke anyAnya sArthaka guNoM ke kAraNa mahAvIra ke atirikta ve sanmati, vIra, ativIra ke nAma se bhI pukAre jAte the| jIvana ke carama vikAsa taka bar3hate rahane se ve varSamAna the| unakA jJAna nirmala hone se ve sanmati the / ve vIra se ativIra aura prativIra se mahAvIra bane / pitRkula kI apekSA se vardhamAna jJAtRputra yA NAtputra aura kAzyapa bhI kahalAte the| isI prakAra mAtRkula kI apekSA se ve licchavIya aura vaizAlIya bhI kahe gaye haiN| mahAvIra rAjakumArocita bAlya jIvana ko pAra kara java yauvana meM pahuMce tava eka rUpavatI kanyA yazodA ke sAtha mahAvIra kA vivAha huyA / parantu digambara mAnyatA hai ki unakA mana prArambha se hI saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoM se sarvathA virakta hone se ve vivAha ke liye sahamata nahIM hue| loka kalyANa kI ora unakA vizepa AkarpaNa thA / isalie mahAvIra ne gRhasthAzrama kI apekSA muni jIvana ko hI vizeSa pasaMda kiyaa| lagabhaga tIsa varSa kI avasthA meM unhoMne kaThora sAdhanApatha ko saharSa svIkAra kiyaa| lagabhaga sAr3he bAraha varSa kI kaThora tapasyA ke uparAnta vaizAkha zukla dazamI 26-4-547 I0 pUrva vartamAna vihAra prAMta ke bhaka nAmaka gAMva ke bAhara RjukulA nadI ke taTa para zAlavRkSa ke nIce unheM sampUrNa jJAna arthAt sarvajJatva kI prApti huI aura ve sarvana, tIrthaMkara, gaNanAyaka, arhata, paramAtmA, jinendra Adi viziSTa vizepaNoM ke adhikArI ho gye| kaThora tapasyA ke kAla meM mahAvIra ko manuSyakRta, devakRta evaM pazukRta aneka durvara

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bhagavAn mahAvIra : jIvana, vyaktitatva aura vicAra upasargoM ko jhelanA par3A / phira bhI una upasargoM se ve tila mAna bhI vicalita nahIM hue| kyoMki vastutaH ve mahAvIra hI the / bhaka se cala kara bhagavAn mahAvIra rAjagRha ke nikaTastha vipulAcala para pahu~ce / suyogya gaNadhara yA gaNanAyaka ke abhAva meM unheM mauna dhAraNa karanA par3A / aMta meM sarva zAstra-pAraMgata gautama gotrIya iMdrabhUti kI prApti se bhagavAn kA kalyANakArI divya upadeza-prArambha huA / mahAvIra jaba taka sarvajJa nahIM hue the taba taka apane ko upadeza ke anadhikArI hI mAnate the| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanA upadeza argha mAgadhI nAmaka lokabhApA meM hI diyA paMDitamAnya saMskRta bhApA meM nahIM / isakA kAraNa yaha thA ki unake upadeza ko zikSita-prazikSita, bAlaka-vRddha, strI-purupa, nirdhana-dhanika Adi sabhI AsAnI se suneM / isI se mahAvIra kA upadeza zIghrAtizIghra sarvatra prasArita huA / mahAvIra kI upadeza sabhA samavazaraNa ke nAma se vikhyAta thii| kyoMki usameM kevala manuSyoM ko hI nahIM, pazu-pakSiyoM ko bhI bharaNa milatI rhii| usa sabhA meM indrabhUti gautama Adi gyAraha pramukha zipyoM ke netRtva meM muniyoM ke gaNa saMghaTita hue the| mahAsatI caMdanA unake sAdhvIsaMgha kI adhyakSA niyukta rhii| mahAvIra ke saMgha meM varNa, jAti, liMga Adi kA koI bheda nahIM thaa| vicAra aura siddhAMta : mahAvIra ke amUlya vicAra DhAI hajAra varSoM ke dIrghakAla se akSuNNa cale A rahe haiM / vAstava meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, kAla kI paridhi meM nahIM bAMdhA jA sakatA / unakA bahumUlya ciMtana deza aura kAla donoM kI sImAoM se sarvathA pare hai| mahAvIra kA siddhAnta dezaviNepa, vargavizepa aura yugavizepa kA nahIM ho sakatA / DhAI hajAra varSoM ke pUrva usakI jitanI AvazyakatA thI Aja bhI usakI utanI hI AvazyakatA hai / mahAvIra kA tatva sarvathA avirodha hai| unakA dharma vargavihIna mAnavadharma hai / prANimAtra kA yaha dharma vizva dharma kahalAne ke liye sarvathA yogya hai / ___ mahAvIra kA dharma vargavizepa, rASTravizepa yA kAlavizepa kA dharma nahIM hai| unakA prAcArazAstra sabhI deza aura sabhI kAloM ke liye sarvathA mAnya hai| Aja ke utpIDita vizva ke liye mahAvIra ke dvArA pratipAdita mArga sarvathA anusaraNIya hai / vastutaH bhagavAn mahAvIra sAmAnya mAnava na hokara mahAmAnava the| sAmAnya mAnava se mahAmAnava pada para ArUDha honA koI khela kI bAta nahIM hai| mahAvIra kI jIvanI se pratyeka vyakti mahAmAnava banane kI amUlya zikSA avazya pA sakatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra gRhastha tathA muni donoM ke mArga darzaka the / unakA jIvana zuddha sphaTika maNi kI taraha nitAMta nirmala rahA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne 26 varSa 3 mAsa 24 dina taka aMga, baMga, kaliMga Adi dezoM meM bhramaNa karake mAnava jAti ko mokSa kA mArga btlaayaa| aMta meM kArtika kRSNA amAvasyA ke maMgalavAra 15-10-527 I0 pUrva ke brahma muhUrta meM pAvAnagara meM unakA pavitra nirvANa huprA / usa samaya apAra janasamUha ke sAtha licchavI, malla, kAzI, kozala prAdi narezoM ne mahAvaibhava se unakA nirvANotsava manAyA / usI ke upalakSya meM usa rAtri ko dIpotsava bhI

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jIvana, vyaktitva aura vicAra kiyA gayA / isI se tava se bhArata meM dIpAvalI kA tyauhAra prArambha hunA mAnA jAtA hai| vIra samvat bhArata kA sarva prAcIna samvan mAnA jAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kisI navIna dharma kA pravartana nahIM kiyA, balki pUrvavartI 23 tIrthaMkaroM ke dvArA pratipAdita dharma ko hI punarjIvita karake use sazakta aura yugAnukUla banAyA / mahAvIra ke vicAra aura siddhAnta meM ahiMsA, aparigraha aura anekAnta yA syAdvAda pramukha haiN| sabhI prakAra ke vikAroM ko jIta lene ke kAraNa mahAvIra jina kahalAye aura unake dvArA pratipAdita dharma jaina dharma khlaayaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA ki pratyeka jIvAtmA apane puruSArtha se paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| isake liye dUsare kisI ke Azraya kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / isa vipaya meM hara eka yAtmA svataMtra hai / jIvAtmA anAdi se karmavaddha hone ke kAraNa azuddha hai| kAma, krodha Adi vikAroM ke kAraNa usake svAbhAvika guNa prakaTa nahIM ho pAte haiM / paramAtmA ina vikAroM ko naSTa kara apane svAbhAvika guNoM ko pA lene se parizuddha ho jAtA hai| vItarAgI yA nirvikArI hone se paramAtmA kA upadeza atyaMta prAmANika hotA hai| jinameM rAga-dvepAdi vikAra maujUda haiM unakA upadeza prAmANika nahIM ho sktaa| ve kAla, deza, vyakti yA zrotA ko lakSya karake anyathA bhI upadeza de sakate haiM / isaliye jo jIvAtmA saba prakAra se nirvikAra yA nipI, prAmANika evaM pUrNa jJAnI ho jAtA hai vahI paramAtmA, paramezvara, parameSThI, parama jyoti Adi nAmoM se saMbodhita karane yogya hai| jIvAtmA eka hI bhava' yA janma meM paramAtmA nahIM bana sktaa| uttarottara prAtmavikAsa ko prApta karake hI vaha zuddha paramAtmA bana sakatA hai / sabhI muktAtmA isI niyama se aneka janmoM meM apanI AtmA ko vikasita karate hue aMtima bhava meM mukta hue haiN| apane ko sudhAranA apane hI hAtha meM hai / apane sukha yA duHkha kA dAtA svayaM AtmA hai| nijAjitaM karma vihAya dehinaH / na ko'pi kasyApi dadAti kincana / / svayaM kRtaM karma yadAtmanA purA / phalaM tadIyaM labhate zubhAzubham / / pareNa datta yadi labhyate sphuTaM / svayaM kRtaM karma nirarthakaM bhavet / / ava bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ahiMsA Adi pradhAna tattvoM ko liijiye| kisI prANI ke prANoM kA apaharaNa hI hiMsA nahIM hai / asatya, corI, vyabhicAra Adi bhI hiMsA hI haiN| hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke nirNaya ke liye bAhya kriyA kI apekSA mAnasika kriyA athavA pariNAma hI pradhAna haiN| eka vyakti bAhya hiMsA na karake bhI hiMsA kA bhAgI bana sakatA hai-jaise kasAI / kyoMki hiMsA na karane para bhI usakA mana sadA hiMsA ke bhAva se kalupita rahatA hai / dUsarA-hiMsA karake bhI hiMsaka nahIM hotA hai| jaise-eka saccA DAkTara / akasmAt usake hAtha se kisI ke prANoM kA hanana bhI ho jAye, vaha hiMsaka nahIM hai| kyoMki usake mana meM hiMsA karane kA bhAva hI nahIM rhtaa|

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Home bhagavAn mahAvIra : jIvana, vyaktitva aura vicAra isI prakAra eka kI alpa hiMsA bhI adhika phala detI hai aura eka kI bar3I hiMsA bhI thor3A phala detI hai / isIliye hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA ghaniSTa sambandha bAhya kI apekSA mana aura AtmA se adhika nikaTa hai / vAstava meM grahiMsA ke samvandha meM mahAvIra kA vicAra bahuta hI sUkSma evaM gaharA hai / AtmA ke pariNAmoM ko hanana hone se mahAvIra ke kathanAnusAra grasatya, vyabhicAra yAdi sabhI hiMsA hI haiN| kevala ziSyoM ko samajhAne ke liye ve alaga-alaga batalAye gaye haiM grAtma-pariNAma-hiMsana-hetutvAtsarvameva hiMsaitat // zranRtavacanAdikevalamudAhRtaM ziSyabodhAya // vastutaH kapAya ke praveza se dravya evaM bhAva prANoM kA apaharaNa hI hiMsA hai / kaluSita pariNAma ke prabhAva meM kisI ke prAraNoM kA apaharaNa hone para bhI vaha ahiMsaka hI hai kabhI-kabhI aisA bhI hotA hai ki hiMsaka eka hI hai, phala bhogane vAle aneka hote haiM / kabhI hiMsaka aneka haiM, phala bhogane vAlA eka hI hai / parigraha kA siddhAnta bhI pUrvavat mAnasika grAsakti aura virakti para hI zrAdhArita hai / eka naMgA bhikhArI bhI mahAparigrahI ho sakatA hai, eka samrAT bhI alpa parigrahI / strIputra, dhana-dhAnya, naukara-cAkara yAdiyoM meM ye mere haiM isa prakAra kI mamatva buddhi kA nAma hI parigraha hai / isa moha ko kama karake parigrahoM meM eka bhitti vAMdhanA hI parimita parigraha hai / loka meM dhana-daulata, vyApAra-vyavahAra, mila-kArakhAnA ye sabhI parigraha kahalAte haiM / kintu vAstava meM una para kA vyAmoha hI parigraha hai / isaliye mana meM kisI bhI prakAra kI AzA na rakhakara, bAhara ke parigrahoM ko tyAganA hI vastutaH aparigraha hai / kyoMki parigrahoM ko juTAtI hai kevala AzA / saMgraha kI AzA bar3hAne para manuSya nyAya-anyAya, yukta-prayukta kI bAta hI nahIM socatA hai | usa samaya vaha dhanapizAcI hokara dhana kA dAsa bana jAtA hai / parigraha kI maryAdA se manupya ke pAsa anAvazyaka dhana kA saMgraha nahIM hotA hai / apane pAsa zrAvazyaka dhana hone se jIvana-nirvAha meM use kaSTa bhI nahIM hotA / itanA hI nahIM, vaha manuSya anAvazyaka citAtroM se mukta hokara zAMti se apanA jIvana vitAyegA / kyoMki parigraha jitanA bar3hegA utanI hI azAMti bhI bar3hegI / yaha anubhava kI bAta hai / Ajakala vizva meM dikhAyI dene vAlI Arthika viSamatA kA eka mAtra kAraNa manuSya kI anAvazyaka saMcaya pravRtti evaM lobha hai / yadi manuSya sirpha apane Avazyaka mAtra kI vastuoM ko saMgraha kara anAvazyaka vastuoM ko dUsare ke upayoga ke liye chor3a de to vizva kA prabhAva evaM azAMti avazya dUra ho jAyegI / aisI paristhiti meM samatA - viSamatA kA prazna hI hamAre sAmane nahIM uThatA / sarakAra ko naye-naye kAnUna banAne kI jarUrata bhI nahIM par3atI / J zrAzAgartaH pratiprANiyAsmin vizvamaraNUpamam // : kasya kiM kiyadAyAti vRthA nau vipayaiSitA // bhagavAn mahAvIra kA anekAMtavAda yA syAduvAda nimna prakAra hai :

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jIvana, vyaktitva aura vicAra vastu meM aneka aMta arthAt dharma hote haiM / praneka kA artha yahAM para vivakSita evaM vivakSita paraspara virodhI do dharmo ko lenA hogA / nitya se virodhI anitya, eka se virodhI aneka, bheda se virodhI abheda bhAva se virodhI prabhAva zrAdi / inhIM vargoM ko jo grahaNa karatA hai vaha anekAnta hai / anekAnta vAcya hai to syAdvAda vAcaka hai / 'syAt' ima nipAta kA artha hai kathaMcit grarthAt kisI prakAra se yA apekSA se hotA hai / eka vastu do virodhI dharma kisI khAsa vivakSA se hI raha sakate haiM / jaise 'iMdradatta putra hai | yahAM apane pitA kI pekSA se kathana hai / 'iMdradatta pitA haiN| yahAM apane putra kI apekSA se kathana hai / 'vastu nitya hai' yaha dravya dRSTi kI apekSA se kathana hai / 'vastu zranitya hai / yaha paryAya dRSTi kI apekSA se kathana hai / 6 eka hI dRSTi se vastu nitya aura nitya kadApi nahIM ho sakatI / vaktA jisa samaya dravya dRSTi kI apekSA se kathana karatA hai usa samaya paryAya dRSTi pravivakSita hone se vaha gauNa ho jAtA hai / vastu kA nirUpaNa karate samaya pUrvokta do dRSTiyoM meM se eka ko mukhya zrIra dUsare ko gauNa to kiyA jA sakatA hai - sarvathA tyAga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / namasta saMsAra virodhI bAtoM se bharA par3A hai / isa bAta ko sabhI bhalI bhAMti jAnate haiM / aimI avasthA meM una virodhoM kA nirAkaraNa syAdvAda ke dvArA hI ho sakatA hai, kisI eka hI pakSa ko pakar3ane se nahIM / zrAcArya amRtacandra sUrI ne apane 'puruSArtha siddhayupAya' meM anekAMta kI mahimA isa prakAra gAyo hai paramAgamasya vIjaM niSiddha jAtyaM gha - sindhuravidhAnam // sakala naya - vilasitAnAM virodha mathanaM namAmyanekAntam // taTastha aura madhyastha buddhi se dekhane aura socane ke liye hameM mahAvIra ne anekAMta zraura syAdvAda ko pradAna kiyA hai / yaha unakI viziSTa dena hai / isI madhyastha dRSTi ko zrApa satyAgrahI dRSTi bhI kaha sakate hai / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jaise tumhAre dRSTikoNa meM satyAMza hai, vaise hI sAmane vAle vyakti ke dRSTikoNa meM bhI satyAMza hai / tuma apane hI dRSTikoNa ko satya aura anya ke dRSTikoNa ko asatya mata mAno ! parantu usake dRSTikoNa meM bhI jo satyAMza hai use samajhane ke liye prayatna karo | anekAMta ke vinA lokavyavahAra cala nahIM sakatA / jo anekAMta yA syAdvAda ko virodha karate hai ve bhI isI ke dvArA apane vyavahAra ko calAte haiM / saMsAra meM jitane virodha haiM ve saba anekAMta yA syAdvAda ko apanAne se hI zAMta ho sakate haiM / ve virodha sAmAjika hoM, dhArmika hoM, rAjanaitika hoM yA aura kisI prakAra ke hoM / syAdvAda kI dRSTi se eka hI vastu meM virodhI dharmo kA avasthAna thor3A asamaMjasa pratIta hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki zaMkarAcArya jaise vidvAn bhI isa syAdvAda ko nahI samajha sake / isa saMdarbha meM yaha prazna bhI uThanA sarvathA svAbhAvika hai ki kyA jo vastu nitya hai vaha anitya bhI hai ? jo eka hai vaha aneka bhI hai ? jo sat hai vaha grasat bhI hai ? jo vAcya hai vaha zravAcya bhI hai ? jo bhAvasvarUpa hai vaha prabhAvasvarUpa bhI hai ? jo sukhadAyaka hai vaha duHkhadAyaka bhI hai ? jaina tatva jJAna ina virodhI dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa nahIM karatA valki samarthana karatA hai / yahI syAdvAda kI vizeSatA hai /

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bhagavAn mahAvIra : jIvana, vyaktitva aura vicAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne madya, gAMjA Adi mAdaka padArthoM ke sevana kA bhA niSedha kiyA hai| madyAdi padArthoM ke sevana se lokaniMdA hI nahIM hotI, balki svAsthya ke liye bhI mAdakavastu hAnikAraka hai| isI prakAra gh ta, zikAra Adi vyasana bhI mahAvIra ke mata se nipiddha haiM / kyoMki ina vyasanoM se bhI manuSya apanI mAna-pratiSThA ko khokara, aMta meM duHkhI hotA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke siddhAnta meM mAMsa bhakSaNa bhI sarvathA tyAjya hai / kyoMki unake pradhAna siddhAnta 'jIvo aura jIne do' isake liye yaha mAMsabhakSaNa saMpUrNa virodhI hai| mAMsabhakSaNa eka tAmasAhAra hai / isase bhakSaka kI manovRtti tAmasa bana jAtI hai| sAtha hI sAtha svAsthya kI dRSTi se bhI mAMsa bhakSaNa upAdeya nahIM hai| isase aneka roga svayaM utpanna hote haiM / vAstava meM manupya mAMsAhArI nahIM hai / vaha zuddha sasyAhArI hai| isake liye usakI daMta racanA Adi hI baliSTa sAkSI hai| ___manuSya hI nahIM balki hAthI, gAya, zuka, pika Adi aneka jAti ke pazu-pakSI bhI zuddha sasyAhArI haiN| mAMsa se zarIra kA vala bar3ha-jAtA hai, yaha bAta bhI yukti saMgata nahIM hai / Ayurveda vaidya zAstra ke anusAra ghI meM hI atyadhika valavardhaka zakti hai / dekhiye annAdaSTa guNaM pipTaM piSTAdaSTaguNaM pyH| kSIrAdaSTaguNaM mAMsaM mAMsAdaNTguNaM ghRtam / / aneka dezI-videzI suprasiddha DAkTaroM kA mata hai ki svAsthya ke liye mAMsAhAra kI apekSA sasyAhAra hI sarva zreSTha hai| vastutaH bhagavAna mahAvIra kA dharma sarvodaya tIrtha hai| isaliye prAcIna AcArya saMmaMtabhadra ne apane 'yuktayanuzAsana' nAmaka matha ke eka vAkyAMza meM jaina dharma ko 'sarvodayaM tIrthamidaM tavaiva' yoM kahA hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki prAyaH sabhI dharma vAle jisameM jIvoM ko zAzvata sukha pahuMcAne kI zakti hai use dharma mAnate haiM / dharma kA yaha lakSaNa jaina dharma meM niraticAra se, pUrNa rUpa se maujUda hai| jaina dharma ke anusAra apane nijasvabhAva ko pAnA hI pratyeka AtmA kA zAzvata sukha hai| isase bhinna aura koI sukha nahIM hai| sabhI sAMsArika sukha azAzvata haiM aura tyAjya haiN| ___isa prakAra samasta prANiyoM ke sarvAMgINa abhyudaya ko sAdhanevAle mahAvIra ke isa dharma ko sarvodaya tIrtha kahA gayA hai / tIrtha kA nAma ghATa hai / jahAM utarakara manuSya AsAnI se nadI ko pAra kara sakatA hai / isI prakAra jisake dvArA ihaloka-paraloka saMbaMdhI sarva abhyudayoM ko sAdhakara yaha jIva saMsAra rUpI samudra se tara jAtA hai arthAt pAra hotA hai use sarvodaya tIrtha kahate haiN| mahAvIra kA dharma samasta jIvoM ke kalyANa ko sAdhane kA dAvA karatA hai| saMsAra bhara ke sabhI jIva isa tIrtha meM DubakI lagAkara Atmasiddhi ko prApta kara sakate haiM / isa dharma meM kisI bhI prakAra kA bhedabhAva nahIM hai / Aja kala ke manuSyoM ne hI isameM bheda kI dIvAra khar3I karadI hai| bhavagAn mahAvIra ne manuSyoM ko hI nahIM, pazupakSiyoM taka ko apanA kalyANakArI pavitra upadeza diyA thaa| unakI upadeza sabhA meM kisI bhI prANi ke liye rUkAvaTa nahIM thii|

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pA~ca nAma aura unakA pratIkArya * DaoN. nemIcanda jaina - p union - .vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv-....-.. mahAvIra ke pAMca nAma: eka to hama taTa para par3e haiM nAva meM savAra hone kA prayojana se, dUsare hama nau para car3ha hI cuke haiM, tIsare hamane nAva ko dizA kI nangaraH paranAna ke gAya hAMga diyA cauthe nAva apanI yAtrA para majhadhAra se bhAge nikAlane lagI hai, pAMcaveM hama gantAra para bahana cuke haiM aura hamane apanA asavAva utAra diyA hai| yaha mahAvIra ke pAMca nAmoM kI sthiti hai-varddhamAna, sanmati, vIra, mahAvIra, ativIra yA gati ke sUtrapAta meM pUrva kI ulaTI ginatI hai, NamovakAra mantra ko-sAdhu, upAdhyAya, prAcArya, arhanta, siddh| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAMca nAma haiN| inako lekara gAI kahAniyAM haiN| pAyA kI apanI sacAI hotI hai, nijI yathAya hotA hai / rAjA siddhArtha kI mampadA bar3hI, vaibhava bar3hA mahAvIra ke janma se to unhoMne varddhamAna nAma diyaa| saMjaya-vijaya muniyoM kA mana niHgaMka huyA to unhoMne sanmati nAma diyA / saMgamadeva ke phana para vIratva pragaTa huA, ujjayinI ke atimuktaka zmazAna meM mahAvIratva vyakta huaa| sthANurudra ne jhuke hue mastaka ne unheM isI nAma se sambodhita kiyA aura jaba unakI vIratA lokAtIta huI to ? ativIratva kA abhidhAna unheM milA kintu nAmakaraNa kI ye kahAniyAM bahuta sthUla dharAtala para haiN| inakI eka aura gaharAI hai jise khojane kI eka khuzI hai| sthUlatA mana ko prasanna karatI hai, sUkSmatA citta ko Anandita karatI hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki ina nAmoM ke pIche bhAratIya nAmakaraNa kI koI prathA jIvita ho / nAma-vijJAna alaga se vijJAna hai, aura usako apanI gaharAiyAM aura vistAra haiM / yahAM hama mahAvIra ke ina pAMcoM nAmoM ko eka bhinna hI jalavAyu meM dekhane kA prayatna kreNge| mahAvIra ke pAMca nAmoM ke pIche eka marma sunAyI detA hai| ise sunanA hara AdamI ke lie sambhava nahIM hai / ise talAzane aura pakar3ane ke lie citta ko vizuddha aura apramatta, yAnI pUrI taraha sAvadhAna karane kI jarUrata hai| hama jAnate haiM, mahAvIra kA sampUrNa jIvana satya aura samyaktva kI khoja para samarpita jIvana thA samyaktva darzana kA, jJAna kA, caritra kA / samyaktva kI talAza, yAnI sAMca kI uttarottara khoja / mahAvIra satyArthI haiN| ve 1. yaha ullekha digambara paramparA ke anusAra hai| -sampAdaka

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAMca nAma aura unakA pratIkArtha apanA eka-eka pala usakI upalabdhi meM bitA gaye haiN| kyA unake pAMcoM nAmoM meM satya ko khojane kI vaijJAnika prakriyA prativimbita hai ? hai, mAtra isake saMzlepaNa kI jarUrata hai| (1) varddhamAna saba jAnate haiM satya eka satata varddhamAna sApekSa dRSTi hai / satya kI sattA se usakA svarUpa kramazaH ughar3atA hai / jo satyArthI hai, use varddha mAna bane rahane kI jarUrata hai, yAnI use pragatizIla honA cAhie / varddha mAnatA arthAt nAmAntara se pragatizIlatA, varddha mAna raha kara hI satya ko pAyA jA sakatA hai| jo ruka gayA hai, ar3a gayA hai, yA rUr3ha huA hai, satya chalAMga mArakara usakI goda se nikala gayA hai / satya eka atyaMta saMvedanazIla anubhUti hai, ise pAne ke lie satata varddhamAna, yAnI pragatizIla hone kI AvazyakatA hai| jar3amati satya ko pA nahIM sakatA, jAna nahIM sktaa| isa taraha satya kI pahalI dikhAyI dene vAlI mudrA hai sAdhu yA muni, arthAt prayogadharmI sAdhaka / rAmokkAra mantra jahAM pUrNa virAma rakha rahA hai, satya kI sAdhanA kA prArambha vahAM se hai / NamokkAra zikhara se utara rahA hai, mahAvIra ke pAMca nAma zikhara para car3ha rahe haiM / eka jIvana kA avaroha-krama hai, eka Aroha-krama, donoM pUraka haiN| gamo loe sabbasAhaNaM-loka meM sAre prayogadharmI sAdhakoM ko namaskAra, arthAt una sAdhuoM ko namana, jo satya kI khoja meM nikala par3e haiM, yAnI loka ke samasta satyArthiyoM ko vandana, unameM utpanna varddhamAnatA ko candana / isa taraha mahAvIra kA pahalA nAma hai varddhamAna / yaha nAma nahIM hai, sarvanAma hai| NamokkAra meM kahIM koI nAma nahIM hai, sarvanAmoM kA hI vyApaka prayoga huA hai| ___ mahAvIra meM samyaktva kI pyAra jahAM se zurU hotI hai, vahAM se ve varddhamAna haiN| pitA siddhArtha ke lie ve kyA the? yaha prazna vilkula bhinna hai / varddha mAnatA kA sandarbha unakI siddhArthatA ke prArambha se hai / (2) sammati mahAvIra kA dUsarA nAma hai-sanmati / varddha mAnatA sanmati ko janma detI hai| gati meM se mati ko janma mila jAtA hai aura phira ye eka dUsare ke sahayoga-sAmaMjasya meM paraspara tIna hotI rahatI hai / sadgati sanmati ko janamatI hai, sanmati gati ko vega pradAna karatI hai, teja gati vizuddha mati ko janma detI hai aura phira ye satata varddha nazIla banI rahatI hai, avirAma / sanmati yAnI viveka-yukta jJAna / gati ke sAtha cAhie niyantraNa / anuzAsana yA saMyama kI gairahAjirI meM teja se teja gati bhI arthahIna hai / lagAma ke abhAva meM tarATa aravI ghor3A vyartha hai| sAdhu ko upAdhyAya ke anuzAsana meM calanA hotA hai| sanmati jisameM jama gaI hai, vaha huA upAdhyAya / yaha hai NamokkAra kA nIce meM dUsarA caraNaNamo uvajjhAyaNaM / namana upAdhyAyoM ko| yA una sAre sAdhuoM ko namaskAra jo eka kadama uTha kara upAdhyAya ke sopAna para A gae haiM / satya ko jAnane kI yaha dUsarI sIr3hI hai / isa taraha NamokkAra kA cothA caraNa mahAvIra ke jIvana kA prArambhika dUsarA caraNa hai / prayoga ke vAda upalabdhiyoM ke lie anuzAsana /

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jIvana, vyaktitva aura vicAra (3) vIra mahAvIra kA tIsarA nAma hai-viir| yahAM se unake kRtitva kA zrIgaNeza hai| vIratva puruSArtha kA nAmAntara hai / varddha mAna sanmati vIratva meM prakaTa huI, yAnI bheda-vijJAna kI prArambhika mudrA rUpa grahaNa karane lgii| ise hama karuNA kI eka gahana zakla ke rUpa meM jAna sakeM to behatara hai / abhI eka satyArthI bhItara-bhItara yAtrA kara rahA thA, aba usa dIye kI rozanI vAhara Ane lagI hai| usakI yAtrA kRtitva meM ubharane lagI hai| vIratA kA matalaba hai-laukika ar3acanoM kI cintA na karate hue samyaktva kI khoja meM avicala hone kA Arambha / mahAvIra meM samyaktva ke lie jo zUratA cAhie thI vaha pAyo / ar3acanoM ke sAMpa para unakA pAMva ThIka-ThIka rakhA huA hai, yaha dekhA jA sakatA hai| yahAM se sva-para-vijJAna ne rUpa lenA prArambha kiyaa| parigraha gayA, svagRha kI khoja meN| vaha chUTA yA chUTane lagA jo paratva hai| bheda-vijJAna ke lie pranA ne kamara kasa lii| NamokkAra mantra meM yaha donoM ora se majhadhAra hai, nIce se, Upara se / AcArya vyavahAra kA Arambha hai| vaha kathanI-karanI kA spaSTa setubandha hai| mantra kA aMza hai-'mo AyariyANaM' prAcAryoM ko namana / voratva meM prAcAryatva kA prativimba spaSTa dekhA jA sakatA hai| (4) mahAvIra mahAvIratA kA janma huA hai zmasAna meN| ujjayinI kA atimuktaka zmasAna, yAnI vairAgya meM se mahAvIra hue| sthANurada ne sArI bAdhAeM upasthita kara lii| vaha hAra gayA vAdhAeM banAte, khar3I karate / Akhira use kahanA par3A-mahAvIra haiM Apa, mujhe kSamA kreN| parigraha zmasAna meM jA kara hArA hai, jahAM loga miTate haiN| mahAvIra vahAM se cauthe caraNa para Aye haiM arhatatva kI ora jaise zmasAna meM cunautI hara AdamI ko milatI hai, kintu hara AdamI svIkAra kahAM karatA hai ? vaha use bhUla jAtA hai, yA bhUla jAnA pasanda karatA hai| mahAvIra zmasAna gaye the, le jAe nahIM ge| hama jAte kahAM haiM, le jAe jAte haiN| jAte bhI haiM to lauTa pAne ke lie, kisI sAmAjika uddezya se / mahAvIra kA yaha nAma kaI dRSTiyoM se mahatva kA hai| (5) prativIra mahAvIra kA pAMcavAM nAma hai-ativIra / ativIratva kI sthiti siddhatva meM hai| NamokkAra ke pahale-dUsare caraNa Apasa meM Age-pIche haiM / ina para cintana huA hai aura tathya ko spaSTa kara diyA hai / siddha kI sthiti zikhara para hai, arhanta kI usake vAda / ativIratA, yAnI laukika vIratA kI iti aura alaukika vIratA kA prArambha / ativIratA TikI rahane vAlI vIratA hai / yaha AtmA meM paiThI huI hai| ise prakaTa karane ke lie kramazaH vIratA aura mahAvIratA kI jarUrata hotI hai / vIratA, mahAvIratA, ativIratA, isa taraha vIratA kI tIna zreNiyAM sAmane hai / vIratA yAnI sanmati ke sAtha puruSArtha, mahAvIratA arthAt sva-para bheda kA usakI sampUrNa tIvratA meM prakaTa honA, ativIratA yAnI vandhamokSa ke pArthakya kI sampUrNa siddhi kA parama purupArtha /

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bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAMca nAma aura unakA pratIkArya pratIkArtha : yadi isI bAta ko hama eka rUpaka meM rakheM to vaha isa taraha hogI / eka to hama taTa para khar3e haiM nAva meM car3hane ke lie, dUsare hama eka pake hue irAde se nAva para car3ha cuke haiM, tIsare hamane dizA taya kara lI hai aura nAva ko hAMka diyA hai, cauthe nAva majhadhAra se Age bar3hane lagI hai / kinArA najadIka huA jAtA hai| pAMcave hama pAra pahu~ca gae haiM aura apanA asalI asavAva utAra rahe haiM / yaha hai, mahAvIra ke pAMcoM nAmoM kI sthiti, yA samyaktva ke anusaMdhAna kI kramAnuvartI kathA / varddhamAna, sanmati, vIra, mahAvIra, prativIra / ise yoM bhI kahA jA sakatA hai sAdhaka ke gati meM Ane se pUrNa NamokkAra maMtra kI ulaTI ginatI - sAdhu, upAdhyAya, AcArya, grarhanta, siddha | gamokkAra maMtra aura mahAvIra vimva - prativimva grAmane- sAmane khar3e haiM / 'mahAvIra ke nAma nigeTivha hai' gamokkAra mantra ke aura rAmokAra mantra zikhara para se utaratI Dagara hai sAdhaka ke jIvana kI / pahale prayoga, phira vizleSaNa, phira puSTi, phira vyavahAra aura tadantara siddhi / jaina dharma isI bhedavijJAna kI pratimUrti hai / 11 isa taraha mahAvIra ke pAMca nAma jahAM eka ora anuzrutiyoM meM guthe haiM, vahIM dUsarI cora kathA kI sthUlatA ko cIra kara khar3I hai una nAmoM ke bIca satya aura samyaktva ko khoja nikAlane kI eka spaSTa khoja prakriyA | 0400

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RAY tIrthakara mahAvIra * DaoN0 esa0 rAdhAkRSNan - cintana kA prakSa badalA : IsA pUrva 800 se 200 ke bIca ke yuga meM mAnava-itihAsa kA akSa mAno badala gayA / isa avadhi meM vizva ke ciMtana kA akSa prakRti ke adhyayana se haTakara mAnava-jIvana ke citana para A ttikaa| cIna meM lAyotse aura kanphayUzasa, bhArata meM upanipadoM ke Rpi, mahAvIra aura gautama buddha, IrAna meM jaratuzta, jUDiyA meM paigambaroM kI paramparA, aura yUnAna meM pIthAgorasa, sukarAta aura aphalAtUna-ina savane apanA dhyAna vAhya prakRti se haTAkara manuSya kI AtmA ke adhyayana para keMdrita kiyaa| yAtmika saMgrAmoM kA mahAvIra : . mAnava-jAti ke ina mahApurupoM meM se eka haiM mhaaviir| unheM 'jina' arthAta vijetA kahA gayA hai| unhoMne rAjya aura sAmrAjya nahIM jIte, apitu AtmA ko jItA / so unheM 'mahAvIra' kahA gayA hai--sAMsArika yuddhoM kA nahIM, apitu Atmika saMgrAmoM kA mahAvIra / tapa, saMyama, Atmazuddhi aura viveka kI anavarata prakriyA se unhoMne apanA utthAna karake divya purupa kA pada prApta kara liyaa| unakA udAharaNa hameM bhI Atmavijaya ke usa Adarza kA anusaraNa karane ko preraNA detA hai / yaha deza apane itihAsa ke prAraMbha se hI isa mahAn Adarza kA kAyala rahA hai / mohanajodar3o aura har3appA ke jamAne se Aja taka ke pratIkoM, pratimAoM aura pavitra avazepoM para dRSTipAta kareM, to ve hameM isa paraMparA kI yAda dilAte haiM ki hamAre yahAM Adarza mAnava use hI mAnA gayA hai, jo AtmA kI sarvoparitA aura bhautikatatvoM para prAtmatatva ko zreSThatA prasthApita kre| yaha aAdarza pichalI cAra yA pAMca sahasrAdviyoM se hamAre deza ke dhArmika digaMta para hAvI rahA hai / prAtmavAna baneM : jisa mahAvAkya ke dvArA vizva upanipadoM ko jAnatA hai, vaha hai 'tan tvamasi'-- tuma vaha ho| isameM AtmA kI divya banane kI zakyatA kA dAvA kiyA gayA hai aura hameM udbodhita kiyA gayA hai ki hama naSTa kiye jA sakane vAle isa zarIra ko, mor3e aura badale jA sakane vAle apane mana ko AtmA samajhane kI bhUla na kreN| AtmA pratyeka vyakti meM hai, vaha agocara hai, iMdriyAtIta hai| manuSya isa brahmAMDa ke bhaMvara se chiTakA huA chIMTA nahIM

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tIrthaMkara mahAvIra hai / AtmA ko haisiyata se vaha bhautika aura sAmAjika jagat se ubhara kara Upara uThA hai / yadi hama mAnava-yAtmA kI aMtarmukhatA ko nahIM samajha pAte, to apane Apako gaMvA baiThate haiN| hamameM se adhikAMza jana sadA hI sAMsArika vyAptiyoM meM nimagna rahate haiN| hama apane Apako svAsthya, dhana, sAjosAmAna, jamIna, jAyadAda Adi sAMsArika vastuoM meM gaMvA dete hai / ve hama para svAmitva karane lagatI haiM, hama unake svAmI nahIM raha jAte / ye loga aAtmaghAtI haiN| upanipadoM ne inheM 'aAtmahano janAH' kahA hai| isa taraha hamAre deza meM hameM yAtmavAna banane ko kahA gayA hai| ___ samasta vinAnoM meM AtmavijJAna sarvopari hai-adhyAtmavidyA vidyAnAm / upanipada hamase kahate haiM-yAtmAnaM viddhi / zaMkarAcArya ne AtmAnAtmavastuvivekaH arthAt AtmA aura anAtmA ko pahacAna ko yAtmika jIvana kI anivArya zarta batAyA hai| apanI AtmA para svAmitva se bar3hakara dUsarI cIja saMsAra meM nahIM hai| isIlie vibhinna lekhaka hamase yaha kahate haiM ki asalI manupya vaha hai, jo apanI samasta sAMsArika vastue AtmA kI mahimA ko adhigata karane meM lagA de| upaniSad meM eka laMve prakaraNa meM batAyA gayA ki pati, patnI saMpatti saca apanI AtmA ko adhigata karane ke avasara mAtra haiM-yAtmanastu kAmAya / ___ jo saMyama dvArA, niSkalaMka jIvana dvArA isa sthiti ko prApta kara le, parameSThI hai / jo pUrNa mukti prApta kara le, vaha ahata hai-vaha punarjanma kI saMbhAvanA se,. kAla ke prabhAva se pUrNatayA mukta hai| mahAvIra ke rUpa meM hamAre samakSa aise vyakti kA udAharaNa hai, jo sAMsArika vastuoM ko tyAga detA hai, jo bhautika baMdhanoM meM nahIM phaMsatA, apitu jo mAnavazrAtmA kI AMtarika mahimA ko adhigata kara letA hai / kaise hama isa Adarza kA anusaraNa kareM ? vaha mArga kyA hai jisase hama yaha AtmasAkSAtkAra, yaha Atmajaya kara sakate haiM ? tIna mahAn siddhAnta : hamAre dharmagraMtha hameM batAte haiM ki yadi hama AtmA ko jAnanA cAhate haiM, to hameM zravaNa, manana, nididhyAna kA abhyAsa karanA hogaa| bhagavadgItA ne isI bAta ko yoM kahA hai-"tad viddhi prariNa pAtena paripraznena sevyaa|" inhIM tIna mahAn siddhAMtoM ko mahAvIra ne samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyaka caritra' ke nAma se pratipAdita kiyA hai| hamameM yaha vizvAsa honA cAhiye, yaha zraddhA honI cAhiye ki sAMsArika padArthoM se zreSThatara kucha hai / korI zraddhA se, vicAravihIna aMdhazraddhA se kAma nahIM clegaa| hamameM jAna honA cAhiye--manana / zraddhA kI nippatti ko manana jJAna kI niSpatti meM badala detA hai| kiMtu korA saiddhAntika jJAna kAphI nahIM hai !-vAkyArthajJAnamAtreNa na amRtam- zAstra ke zabdArtha mAtra jAna lene se amaratva nahIM mila jAtA / una mahAna siddhAntoM ko apane jIvana meM utAranA cAhiye / cAritra bahuta jarUrI hai /

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14 jIvana, vyaktitva aura vicAra hama darzana, prANipAta, yA zravaNa se prArambha karate haiM, jJAna, manana, yA pariprazna para pahuMcate haiM, phira nididhyAsana, sevA yA cAritra para pAte haiN| jaisA ki jaina tatva-citakoM ne batAyA hai, ye anivArya haiN| ahiMsA kA kArya-kSetra bar3hAyeM : cAritra yAnI sadAcAra ke mUla tattva kyA haiM ? jaina guru hameM vibhinna vrata apanAne ko kahate haiN| pratyeka jaina ko pAMca vrata lene par3ate haiM-ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparitraha / sabase mahattvapUrNa vrata hai ahiMsA, yAnI jIvoM ko kapTa na pahuMcAne kA vrata / kaI isa hada taka ise le jAte hai ki kRpi bhI chor3a dete haiM, kyoMki jamIna kI jutAI meM kaI jIva kucale jAte haiN| hiMsA se pUrNataH virati isa saMsAra meM saMbhava nahIM hai| jaisA ki mahAbhArata meM kahA gayA hai-jIvo jIvasya jIvanam / hamase jo AzA kI jAtI hai, vaha yaha hai ki ahiMsA kA kArya-kSetra bar3hAyeM-yatnAdalpatarA bhavet / hama prayatna kareM ki bala prayoga kA kSetra ghaTe, rajAmaMdI kA kSetra bddh'e| isa prakAra ahiMsA hamArA AdarNa hai| vastu aneka dharmAtmaka : yadi ahiMsA ko hama apanA Adarza mAnate haiM, to usase eka aura cIja nippanna hotI hai, jise jainoM ne anekAMtavAda ke siddhAMta kA rUpa diyA hai| jaina kahate haiM ki niti satya, kevalajJAna-hamArA lakSya hai, paraMtu hama to satya kA eka aMga hI jAnate haiN| vastu 'aneka dharmAtmaka' hai, usake aneka pahalU haiM, vaha jaTila haiM / loga usakA yaha yA vaha pahalU hI dekhate haiM, paraMtu unakI dRSTi AMzika hai, asthAyI hai, sopAdhika hai| satya ko vahI jAna sakatA hai, jo vAsanAoM se mukta ho| yaha vicAra hamameM yaha dRSTi upajAtA hai ki hama jise ThIka samajhate haiM vaha galata bhI ho sakatA hai / yaha hameM isakA ehasAsa karAtA hai ki mAnavIya anumAna anizcayayukta hote haiM / yaha hameM vizvAsa dilAtA hai ki hamAre gahare se gahare vizvAsa bhI parivartanazIla aura asthira ho sakate haiN| jaina ciMtaka isa bAre meM chaha aMghoM aura hAthI kA dRSTAMta dete haiN| eka aMdhA hAthI ke kAna chUkara kahatA hai ki hAthI sUpa kI taraha hai| dUsarA aMdhA usake pairoM kA AliMgana karatA hai aura kahatA hai ki hAthI khaMbhe jaisA hai| magara inameM se hara eka asaliyata kA eka aMga hI batA rahA hai / ye aMza eka dUsare ke virodhI nahIM haiN| unameM paraspara vaha saMbaMdha nahIM haiM, jo aMdhakAra aura prakAza ke bIca hotA hai, ve paraspara usI taraha saMvaddha hai, jaise varNakrama ke vibhinna raMga paraspara saMvaddha hote haiM / unheM virodhI nahIM viparyAya mAnanA cAhiye / ve satya ke vaikalpika pAThyAMka (rIDiMga) haiN| __ Aja saMsAra navajanma kI vedanA meM se gujara rahA hai| hamArA lakSya to 'eka vizva' hai, paraMtu ekatA ke bajAya vibhaktatA hamAre yuga kA lakSaNa hai / dvaMdvAtmaka vizva-vyavasthA hameM yaha socane ko pralobhita karatI hai ki yaha pakSa satya hai aura vaha pakSa asatya hai aura hameM usakA khaMDana karanA hai| asala meM hameM inheM vikalpa mAnanA cAhiye, eka hI mUlabhUta satya

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15 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke vibhinna pahalU / satya ke eka pakSa para bahuta adhika bala denA hAthI ko chUne vAle aMdhoM ke apanI-apanI bAta kA Agraha karane ke samAna hai / viveka dRSTi panAyeM : vaiyaktika svAtaMtrya aura sAmAjika nyAya donoM mAnava kalyANa ke lie paramAvazyaka haiM / hama eka ke mahattva ko bar3hA-car3hA kara kaheM yA dUsare ko ghaTAkara kaheM, yaha saMbhava hai| kiMtu jo AdamI anekAMtavAda, saptabhaMginaya yA syAdvAda ke jaina vicAra ko mAnatA hai. vaha isa prakAra ke sAMskRtika kaThamullApana ko nahIM maantaa| vaha apane aura virodhI ke matoM meM kyA sahI hai aura kyA galata hai, isakA viveka karane aura unameM uccatara samanvaya sAdhane ke lie sadA tatpara rahatA hai / yahI dRSTi hameM apanAnI cAhiye / isa taraha, saMyama ko zrAvazyakatA, zrahiMsA aura dUsare ke dRSTikoNa evaM vicAra ke prati sahiSNutA aura samajha kA bhAva - ye una zikSAyoM meM se kucha haiM, jo mahAvIra ke jIvana se hama le sakate haiN| yadi ina cIjoM ko hama smaraNa rakheM aura hRdaya meM dhAraNa kareM, to hama mahAvIra ke prati apane mahAn RraNa kA choTA sA aMza cukA rahe hoMge / 080

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jyotipuruSa mahAvIra * upAdhyAya amara muni mahAvIra : gaNatantra ke rAjakumAra gaNatantroM ke itihAsa meM vaizAlI ke gaNatantra kA pramukha sthAna hai / yaha malla, licchivI, vajjI evaM jJAtR Adi ATha gaNatantroM kA eka saMyukta gaNatantra thA / ukta gaNatantra kI rAjadhAnI thI vaizAlI, jisake sambandha meM tathAgata buddha ne kahA thA-'svarga ke deva dekhane hoM to vaizAlI ke puruSoM ko dekho aura deviyAM dekhanI hoM to vaizAlI kI mahilAoM ko dekho|' isakA artha hai vaizAlI usa yuga meM svarga se sparza karatI thii| isI vaizAlI ke hI upanagara kSatriyakuMDa meM jJAtRzAkhA ke gaNarAjA siddhArtha ke yahAM varvamAna mahAvIra kA janma huyA / unakI mAtA thI videha kI rAjakumArI rAnI trizalA / trizalA vaizAlI gaNarAjya ke mahAmAnya rASTrAdhIza ceTaka kI choTI bahina thI, digambara jaina purANa use ceTaka kI putrI kahate haiN| bhArata kA pUrva khaNDa una dinoM zAsana tantroM kI prayoga bhUmi bana rahA thaa| eka ora malla, licchivI aura zAkya Adi gaNatantra phalaphUla rahe the, to dUsarI ora magava, vatsa Adi rAjatantra bhI yazasvitA ke zikhara para pahuMca rahe the / mahAvIra kA sambandha donoM hI tantroM se thaa| mahAvIra mUlataH gaNatantra ke rAjakumAra the, parantu unake pArivArika sambandha bhArata ke tatkAlIna aneka ekatantrI ucca rAja vaMzoM ke sAtha-sAtha bhI the| magadha samrAT zreNika, avantIpati candrapradyota, kauzAmbI nareza zatAnIka aura sindhu sIvIra deza ke rAjA udAI (udrAyaNa) jaise ekatantra nareza unake nikaTa ke riztedAroM meM se the / mahAvIra ko vaha saba kucha prApta thA, jo eka rAjakumAra ko prApta honA cAhie, bhale hI vaha gaNatantra kA hI rAjakumAra kyoM na ho / tatkAlIna gaNatantra rAjatantra ke hI kala avikasita se janatantronmukha rUpAkAra lie hue the| ataH purANoM meM prAcIna gaNatantroM ke pramukhoM kI zrI samRddhi kA varNana bhI rAjatantroM jaisA hI milatA hai / ataH mahAvIra vaibhava, vilAsa, sukha-sAdhanoM kI dRSTi se ekatantra rAjakumAroM se kucha bhI nyUna nahIM the| parantu mahAvIra kA jAgRta mana vaibhava kI mohaka lIlA meM adhika rama nahIM sakA / yauvana ke madhura, raMgIna evaM uddAma kSaNoM meM hI ve tyAgI virAgI bana gae / tIsa varSa kI madabharI javAnI meM, javaki mAnava kI AMkheM kama hI khula pAtI haiM mahAvIra ne aAMkheM kholIM / andara kI jJAnacetanA jAgI aura ve cala par3e akele nirjana zUnya vanoM kI ora sAdhanA ke asidhArA patha para / prajA aura parivAra kA nirmala pyAra, apAra mAna-sammAna, bhogavilAsa ke vizAla sukha-sAdhana aura rAjyazrI kA mohaka rUpa, mahAvIra ko ye saba sahaja prApta hue the|

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jyotipuruSa mahAvIra kintu ina sabake bIca mahAvIra prArambha se hI kucha aise jala kamalavat nirlipta evaM niHspRha rahate A rahe the ki ve bhoga meM bhI eka taraha se yoga hI sAvate rahe the / darzana kI bhASA meM tava ve gRha yogI the / bhoga kI nirantara kSINa hotI jAtI vRttiyAM eka aise vindu para pahuMcI ki maMgasira kRSNA dazamI ke dina ve samagra sAMsArika sambandhoM se mukta hokara sarvathA akiMcana zramaNa vana gae / bhautika AkAMkSAtroM kA koI bhI bhavavandhana usa virATa grAtmA ko vAMca nahIM sakA / bhalA kamala kI nAla se baMdhA gajarAja kava taka bandhana meM rukA raha sakatA hai ? 'baddhohi nalinI nAlaiH kiyat tiSThati kuMjaraH' / 17 zramaNa jIvana kI sarvotkRSTa caryA svIkAra kara mahAvIra ekAnta zrAtmasAdhanA karane meM lIna ho ge| jahAM hara kSaNa mauta nAcatI rahatI hai, aise hiMsra pazutroM se bhare nirjana vanoM meM, gaganacumbI parvatoM kI gaharI aMdherI guphAtroM meM, nAgina kI bhAMti phuMkAra mAratI vegavatI jala dhArAoM ke ekAnta taToM para mahAvIra dhyAna mudrA meM aise khar3e rahate, jaise koI jIvita jAgRta girizikhara hI khar3A ho / tana-mana donoM se mauna / sarvathA aTala avicala / saMsAra ke spandanazIla dharAtala se bahuta Upara / kelA, advitIya / mahAvIra kA saMyama vAhara se Aropita nahIM thA vaha antara se jAgRta huA thA, jJAna jyoti ke nirmala prakAza meM / ataH mahAvIra kI yoga sAdhanA sahaja thI / vaha kI nahIM jA rahI thI, ho rahI thI / isalie prAraNAntaka kaSToM ke bhayaMkara kahe jAne vAle saMtrAsa bhI unako apane patha se vicalita nahIM kara sake aura na rAga-raMga se bhare mohaka paryAvaraNa meM hI ve ulajha pAe / anukUla aura pratikUla donoM hI sthitiyoM ke tUphAnI daura meM mahAvIra niSprakaMpa dIpazAkhA kI bhAMti anavarata AtmalInatA meM prajvalita hote rahe / 'sva' ke sAtha 'para' kI aura 'para' ke sAtha 'sva' kI sAdhanA ke maMgala sUtra khojane meM unhoMne apane ko sarvAtmanA samarpita kara diyA thA, una dinoM / sava ra se vismRta / eka mAtra smRti usa satya kI, jise pAne ke bAda phira aura kucha pAnA zepa nahIM raha jAtA hai / yaha satya zruta satya nahIM thA jo kabhI guru se yA kisI grantha se milatA hai | zruta satya parokSa hI rahatA hai, vaha kabhI pratyakSa nahIM hotA / mahAvIra ko talAza thI usa pratyakSa satya kI, jo svayaM kI anubhUti ke dvArA andara meM se jAgRta hotA hai / jo eka vAra upalabdha ho jAne ke bAda phira na kabhI naSTa hotA hai, na dhUmila hotA hai / vaha akSaya, ajara, amara, ananta satya darzana kI bhASA meM kevala jJAna, kevala darzana kahalAtA hai | satya kA nirAvaraNa bodha hI to kaivalya hai / aura vaha pAyA sAr3he bAraha varSa kI sudIrgha tapa aura dhyAna kI niSkalupa sAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa mahAvIra ne / lokamaMgala ke lie dharmadezanA : kaivalya bodha ke anantara mahAvIra apane sAkSAtkRta satya kA bodha dene hetu ekAnta nirjana vanoM se punaH janatA meM lauTa Ae / vaiyaktika prApti yA siddhi, jaisI koI bAta aba zeSa nahIM rahI thI / ataH ava prazna vyaSTi kA nahIM, samiSTa kA thA / kRta kRtya hokara bhI lokamaMgala, ke lie dharmadezanA kI mahAvIra ne / batAyA hai gaNadhara sudharmA ne apane mahAna ziSya zrArya z2ambU ko, mahAvIra ke pravacanopadeza kA hetu - 'savva jagajIva rakharaNadayaTThayAe bhagavayA pAvayaNaM, sukahiyaM' phalita hotA hai isa para se ki mahAvIra ekAnta nivRttivAdI hI

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jIvana, vyaktitva aura vicAra nahIM, pravRttivAdI bhI the / unakI jIvanadhArA nivRtti aura pravRtti ke do taToM ke bIca meM, bahatI rahI hai / mahAvIra kI pravRtti janamaMgala kI thI, jana-jAgaraNa kI thI / andhakAra meM bhaTakatI mAnava prajA ko zuddha satya kI jyoti kA darzana karAnA hI unakI pravacana pravRtti kA vyavahAra jagat meM mukhyoddezya thA / mahAvIra kA dharma : mahAvIra zarIra nahIM, AtmA hai / ataH unakA dharma bhI zarIrAzrita nahIM prAtmAzrita hai / aneka vikArI paratoM ke nIce dave hae apane zuddha evaM paramacaitanya kI zodha hI mahAvIra kI dharbha sAdhanA hai| mahAvIra kA dharma jIvana vikAsa kI eka vAhya nirapekSa AdhyAtmika prakriyA hai / ataH vaha eka zuddha dharma hai, kriyAkANDa nhiiN| dharma eka hI hotA hai, aneka nhiiN| anekatva kriyAkANDa para AdhArita hotA hai| cUMki kriyAkANDa deza, kAla aura vyakti kI vaMdalatI paristhitiyoM se sambandha rakhatA hai / phalataH vaha azAzvata hotA hai, java ki dharma eka zAzvata satya hai / vaha nayA-purAnA jaisA kucha nahIM hotA / . jaina darzana kI bhApA meM dharma aura kriyAkANDa ke pArthakya ko samajhanA ho to use nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke rUpa meM samajhA jA sakatA hai| nizcaya Antarika cetanAzrita eka zuddha bhAva hai, ataH vaha sarvadA eka hI hotA hai| vyavahAra, cUMki dehAzrita hotA hai, arthAta vAhyAzrita ataH vaha kabhI eka ho hI nahIM sktaa| vaha Aropita hai, phalataH vaha badalatA rahA hai, vadalatA rahegA / mahAvIra isIlie zuddha aura zubha kI bAta karate haiM / zuddha meM bhava vandhana se mukti hai, javaki zubha meM vandhatta se mukti nahIM vandhana meM parivartana hai / azubha se zubha meM badalAva / isa prakAra mahAvIra amuka sImA taka kriyA kANDa rUpa zubha kI sthApanA karake bhI vahAM rukate nahIM haiN| Age bar3hane kI vAta karate haiM, jisakA artha hai saMpradAyasApekSa kriyA kANDoM se pare pahuMca kara zuddha, nirvikalpa, nirapekSa dharmatattva meM praveza karanA / yahI kAraNa hai ki mahAvIra ne sthavirakalpI hai aura na jinakalpI / ve to jaina darzana kI Agamika bhASA meM kalpAtIta hai, arthAt sAmpradAyika paMthoM ke sabhI kalpoM se kriyAkANDoM se mukta sahaja zuddha svabhAvakalpI / mahAvIra kA puruSArthavAda : ... mahAvIra ne mAnava jAti ko puruSArtha pradhAna karma dRSTi dI / unakA karmavAda bhAgyavAda nahI hai, apitu bhAgya kA nirmAtA hai| unhoMne kahA-mAnava kisI prakRti yA IzvarIya zakti ke hAtha kA koI bebasa lAcAra khilaunA nahIM hai| vaha kaThaputalI nahIM hai ki jisake jI meM jaisA Ae, vaMsA use nacAe / vaha apane bhAgya kA svayaM svatantra vivAtA hai| vaha jaisA bhI cAhe acchA burA apane ko banA sakatA hai| apanA nirmANa apane hAtha meM hai aura vaha ho sakatA hai apane sarvatobhadra zubhra caritra ke dvArA / mahAvIra kA karmasiddhAnta mAnava kI koI vivazatA nahIM hai / vAstava meM vaha mahAna purupArtha hai, jo mAnava ko andhakAra se prakAza kI ora, kadAcAra se sadAcAra kI ora satata gatizIla hone kI naitika preraNA detA hai / vaha mAnava ko andara se ubhAra kara Upara lAtA hai, use nara se nArAyaNa banAtA hai / karmaTha mAnava ke zramazIla hAthoM meM hI svarga aura mokSa khelate haiM / svarga aura mokSa bhikSA kI cIja

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jyoti puruSa mahAvIra nahIM hai ki kahIM kisI se unheM mAMga liyA jaae| mahAvIra ke zabdoM meM koI bhI zrI, cAhe vaha bhautika ho yA AdhyAtmika, sadA arjita hI hotI hai kRta hI hotI hai, datta yA kArita nhiiN| mahAvIra kA satya ananta hai : mahAvIra kA satya ananta hai / vaha kisI eka vyakti, jAti, rASTra, pantha yA sampradAya vizeSa meM Avaddha nahIM hai / use kisI eka sImita yA parivaddha dRSTi se samajha pAnA kaThina hai| bhalA jo ananta hai, vaha zabdoM kI kSudra paridhi meM kaise samAhita ho sakatA hai / AkAza ananta hai / vaha ghaTAkAza ke rUpa meM pratibhAsita evaM pracArita hokara bhI ghaTa meM hI sImita nahIM hai / yahI bAta satya ke sambandha meM bhI hai| tatvadarzI mahApuruSoM kI cetanA meM vaha jhalakA to hai pUrNa hI, parantu vANI para usakA kucha aMza hI mukharita ho sakatA hai, jise hama zAstroM ke nAma se granthoM meM talAzA karate haiN| sampUrNa rUpa se satya kisI eka vyakti se kabhI vyakta nahIM huA hai, aura na kabhI hogA / vaha jaba bhI prakaTa hotA hai, aMzataH hI prakaTa hotA hai / Aja taka ke saMkhyAtIta tIrthaMkara aura anya jJAnI satya ke ananta sAgara meM se eka bUda bhI pUrI taraha nahIM kaha pAye haiN| mahAvIra ke anekAnta darzana kA bIja isI tatva dRSTi meM hai / anekAnta kahatA hai, ApakA satya tabhI satya hai, jaba Apa use anAgraha buddhi se 'bhI' ke sAtha prayoga karate haiM / jahAM usake sAtha aAgraha kA 'hI' lagA ki vaha amatya ho gyaa| apUrNa aMza pUrNa aMzI hone kA dAvA karane lage to vaha jhUThA hI hogA saccA nahIM / ataH apane virodhI samAja, paramparA yA vyakti ke dRSTibindu ko bhI usake apane ucita dharAtala para samajho, usakA Adara karo, aura udAratA ke sAtha anAgraha bhAva se use usakI yathocita sImA meM svIkAra bhI kro| mahAvIra kA yaha tatva darzana samanvaya kA darzana hai, jo eka dUsare ko Apasa meM jor3atA hai, virodhI jaise lagate hue vibhinna vicAroM ko eka dhArA kA rUpa detA hai, unheM eka prAptavya lakSya kI ora gatizIla karatA hai / vibhinna ghArAgoM meM bahatI huI saritAeM Akhira jAtI kahAM haiM ? sAgara meM ho to jAtI hai na / mahAvIra kI ahiMsA maitrI hai : . mahAvIra ne ahiMsA kI paridhi ko vistAra diyaa| vaha amuka prANi-vizepa taka hI nahIM, prANimAtra ke lie pravAhita kI gii| mahAvIra kI ahiMsA ne samAja, rASTra dharma patya aura vyakti ke apane parAye kahe jAne vAle bhedoM ko todd'aa| 'sarvatra samadarzanam' kA advatI zaMkha baja uThA / tU maiM eka aura terA merA sava eka, yaha hai mahAvIra ke ahiMsA dharma kA marma / yahAM jo bhI hai, apanA hai parAyA koI hai hI nhiiN| isI sandarbha meM mahAvIra ne kahA thA-'savvabhUyappabhUyasya"pAvakammaM na vndhii'| mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM kisI prANI kI hatyA hI mAtra hiMsA nahIM hai : unhoMne hara zopaNa, hara utpIr3ana, hara avaghoraNa ko bhI hiMsA mAnA hai / ve ekAntalazrI vaicArika Agraha ko bhI hiMsA kI koTi meM ginate haiM / tana kI hiMsA hI nahIM, mana kI bhI hiMsA hotI hai| aura yaha mana kI hiMsA tana kI hiMsA se adhika bhayaMkara hotI hai| saMkSepa meM hiMsA ke

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jIvana, vyaktitva aura vicAra tIna rUpa haiM - (1) dhArmika hiMsA, jo dharma ke nAma para yajJa yAgAdi, pazuvali strI aura zUdroM ke mAnavIya adhikAroM kA hanana, tathA unake apamAna Adi ke rUpa meM pracalita hai / (2) rAjanaitika hiMsA meM AkramaNa, sImA saMgharSa, yuddha lAMchana, caritra hanana tathA AropapratyAropa Adi kA samAveza hotA hai / (3) sAmAjika hiMsA meM zopaNa vaiyaktika icchAtroM kI pUrti ke liye maryAdAhIna saMgraha, jAti aura varNabheda, dAsa prathA, daheja Adi ko samAja ghAtaka kurItiyAM tathA dhana sampatti ke grAdhAra para hone vAle choTe-bar3e ke mAnadaNDa Adi kI parigaNanA hotI hai | bhagavAn mahAvIra ne tInoM hI hiMsAoM ke unmAda se bace rahane kI mAnava ko hiMsA kI vizuddha dharma dRSTi dI / mahAvIra kA kahanA thA - hiMsA kA samAdhAna pratihiMsA nahIM, ahiMsA hai / vaira se vara na kabhI samApta huA hai, aura na hogA / vaira kA sahI pratikAra prema evaM maitrI hai / grAga se grAga vujhI hai kabhI ? vaha to jala se hI bujhegI / rakta se rakta ko sApha karanA kahAM kI buddhimatA hai ? 20 mahAvIra kI hiMsA kevala karuNA para AdhArita nahIM hai / mahAvIra ahiMsA kA sAkSAtkAra maitrI meM karate haiM / unakI dRSTi meM maitrI hI zuddha ahimA hai / karuNA kI hiMsA kabhI-kabhI sAmane vAle ko becArA banA detI hai / karuNA kA svara hai - ' are becArA garIba mara rahA hai, ise bacAyo / ' karuNA meM rakSya vyakti nIce hotA hai, aura rakSaka Upara, kintu maitrI meM saba eka dharAtala para hote haiM / vahAM na koI nIcA hotA hai, aura na koI UMcA / sava barAbara haiM / yaha maitrI hI hai, jo kRSNa aura sudAmA ko sakhA bhAva ke eka sama dharAtala para khar3A kara detI hai / isIlie mahAvIra ne kahA thA - vizva ke prANiyoM ke sAtha vinA kisI pakSa-vipakSa ke maitrI karo, dostI rakho - 'meti bhUesu kappae / Aja vizva mAnavatA ko karugA kI hiMsA hI nahIM, maitrI ko grahisA kI apekSA hai / prAcArya devavAcaka ke zabdoM meM mahAvIra imIlie 'jagAnaMdI' haiM, 'jaganAho' haiM aura haiM - 'jagavandhu / ' mahAvIra kI aitihAsika upalabdhi : bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sAmAjika sandarbha meM eka aura aitihAsika evaM sarvottama upalabdhi hai - mAnava ko mAnava ke rUpa meM pratiSThA denA / bhagavAn ke darzana meM mAnava hI mahAn hai / mAnava devapUjaka nahIM, apitu deva hI mAnavapUjaka haiM unake yahA~ / kahA hai unhoMne 'devA vita namaMsaMti, jassa dhamme sayA maraNo' / jisakA antarmana dharma meM ramA hai, usake zrI caraNoM meM deva bhI nata mastaka ho jAte haiM / devoM kI dAsatA se mAnava ko mukta karane vAlA yahI mahAmAnava thA, jise bhArata ke prAcIna manISiyoM ne 'devAdhideva' kahA 1 devAvi-deva - devoM kA bhI deva / gayA thA / mahAvIra ke yuga meM mAnava mAnyatAoM ke bAhya grAvaraNoM ke nIce daba pazu eka khUMTe se hI vAMvA jAtA hai, para mAnava to hajAroM hajAroM khUMToM se baMdhA huA thA / mahAvIra ne dharma-sampradAya, jAti, varNa, varga, liMga, samAja aura rASTra zrAdi ke kRtrima evaM parikalpita zrAvaraNoM ko tor3akara mAnava ko zuddha mAnava ke rUpa meM pratiSThA pradAna kI, mAnava kI mahattA ko sarvopari mAnyatA dI / mahAvIra ne strI aura puruSa, zrArya aura anArya, brAhmaNa aura zudra Adi kI kRtrima bheda rekhAoM ko haTAkara, naSTa kara dharma ko sava jana ke

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jyotipuruSa mahAvIra lie mulabha bnaayaa| unhoMne binA kisI bheda bhAvanA ke dharma ko sarvajanahitAya, sarvajanasukhAya evaM sarvajana samAcaraNAya prastuta kiyA / andara kI dharmajyoti ke hetu saba ke lie samAna rUpa se dvAra khule haiN| mAnavatA ke itihAsa meM mahAzramaNa mahAvIra kI yaha apUrva upalabdhi hai, jise hama aAja kI bhApA meM eka naI vicAra krAnti kaha sakate haiN| mahAvIra kA sandeza zAzvata : mahAvIra kA divya sandeza kisI sampradAya yA jAti vizeSa ke lie na hokara samagra mAnava jAti ke lie hai / unakA divya bodha sAmAjika nahIM, zAzvata hai| yaha sadA sarvadA amlAna rahane vAlA aisA cirayuvA satya hai, jo deza aura kAla kI kSudra sImAoM ko lAMghakara ganava jAti ko jIvana ke hara kSetra meM sukha-zAnti tathA Ananda kI pAvana dhArA meM prAplAvita karatA rahA hai, karatA rhegaa| mahAvIra samagra mAnavatA ke lie eka divyAtidivya prakAza stambha haiN| unake siddhAntoM tathA AdarzoM ke nirmala prakAza meM hara kisI deza aura kAla kA mAnava Atmabodha kA prakAza pAtA rahegA, jIvana ke..parama lakSya kI ora sAnanda agrasara hotA rhegaa| jo devANa vi devo, jaM devA paMjalI nabhasaMti / taM deva devamahiyaM, sirasA vaMde mahAvIraM //

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mahAvIra : krAntadraSTA, yugasRSTA * AcArya rajanIza .. ... .....vvvvvvvvvvvvindonnarrrrn. gaira sAmpradAyika citta : mahAvIra se jyAdA gaira sAmpradAyika citta khojanA kaThina hai| ve gaira sAmdrAyika haiM, kyoMki zAyada sArI pRthvI para aisA dUsarA AdamI hI nahIM huA jisake pAsa itanA gairasAmpradAyika citta ho / isalie ki jo kisI bAta ko sApekSatA kI dRSTi se socatA hai, usakI dRSTi meM sAmpradAyikatA nahIM ho sakatI / vijJAna ke jagat meM sApenatAkI vAta prAisTona ne ava kahI, dharma ke jagat meM mahAvIra ne DhAI hajAra mAla pahale kahI / bahuta kaThina thA usa vakta yaha kahanA, kyoMki usa vakta AryadhArA bahuta Tukar3oM meM TUTa rahI thI aura pratyeka Tukar3A pUrNa satya kA dAvA kara rahA thA / asala meM sAmpradAyika citta kA matalaba yaha hai ki jo yaha kahatA ho ki satya kA ThekA mere pAsa hai aura kisI ke pAsa nahIM, aura sava asatya hai, satya maiM huuN| aisA jahAM Agraha ho, vahAM sAmpradAyika citta hai / lekina jahAM itanA vinamra nivedana ho ki maiM jo kaha rahA hUM vaha bhI satya ho sakatA hai, usase bhI satya taka pahuMcA jA sakatA hai, to sampradAya nirmita hogA, para vahAM sAmpradAyika citta nahIM hogA / ina arthoM meM sampradAya nirmita hogA ki kucha loga usa dizA meM jAyeMge, khoja kareMge, pAyeMge, caleMge, anugRhIta hoMge usa pantha kI tarapha, usa vicAra kI tarapha / mahAvIra ekadama hI gaira mAmpradAyika citta haiN| bahuta hI adbhuta hai unakI dRSTi / __ mahAvIra kI sApekSatA bhI eka kAraNa vanI mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA na bar3hane meM, kyoMki saMkhyA var3hane meM andhadRDhatA kA honA jarUrI hai, saMkhyA taba bar3hatI hai, jaba dAvA pakkA aura majabUta ho ki jo hama kaha rahe haiM, vahI sahI hai aura jo dUsare loga kaha rahe haiM, saca nahIM / mahAvIra kI bAtoM meM saMzaya kI rekhA mAlUma par3atI hai / vaha saMzaya nahIM hai, sambhAvanA hai, lekina sAdhAraNa AdamI ko yaha samajhanA muzkila hotA hai ki sambhAvanA aura saMzaya meM kyA pharka hai| gaira dAvedAra vyakti: __ mahAvIra kA koI bhI dAvA nahIM hai / isa jagat meM itanA gaira dAvedAra zrAdamI hI nahIM huaa| usane satya ko itane koNoM se dekhA hai, jitanA kisI ne kabhI nahIM dekhA / duniyA meM tIna sambhAvanAoM kI svIkRti mahAvIra ke pahale se calI grAtI thii| satya ke tIna koNa ho sakate haiM, 1-hai, 2-nahIM hai, 3-donoM-nahIM bhI aura hai bhii| yaha tribhaMgI mahAvIra ke pahale bhI thI, lekina mahAvIra ne ise saptamabhaMgI kiyA aura kahA ki tIna se

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mahAvIra : krAntadraSTA, yugasRSTA 23, kAma nahIM calegA / satya aura bhI jaTila hai / isameM cAra 'syAt aura jor3ane par3a ge ' / isa. prakAra mahAvIra ne satya ko sAta koNoM se dekhA, use syAdvAda (thyUrI grApha provebiliTI), kahA : (1) syAt hai bhI, (2) syAt nahIM bhI hai, (3) syAt hai bhI, nahIM bhI, (4) syAt. anirvacanIya hai, (5) syAt hai aura anirvacanIya hai, (6) syAt nahIM hai aura anirvacanIya, hai, (7) syAt hai bhI, nahIM bhI hai aura granivarcanIya bhI hai / mahAvIra dvArA jor3I gayI yaha. cauthI dRSTi hI kImatI hai, phira bAkI to usI ke hI rUpAntaraNa haiM / vaha hai, anirvacanIya, kI dRSTi, ki kucha hai jo nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kucha hai jise samajhAyA nahIM jA sakatA, kucha hai jo avyApta hai, kucha hai jisakI koI vyAkhyA nahIM ho sakatI hai / saMkSepa meM, mahAvIra kA kathana hai ki saptabhaMga kI sAta dRSTiyoM se satya ko dekhA yA samajhA jA sakatA hai / 'syAt ' se unakA tAtparya hai 'aisA bhI ho sakatA hai / " 4 AiMsTIna ne sApekSatAvAda ( rileTiviTI) ko itanA spaSTa siddha kara diyA hai ki saba cIjeM DagamagA gayI haiM / jo kala taka nirapekSa satya kA dAvA karatI thIM, ve saba DagamaMgA gaI haiM | vijJAna va sApekSa ke bhavana para khar3A ho gayA hai / isalie maiM kahatA hUM ki mahAvIra kI 'syAt kI' bhASA (sthAvAda ) ko agara prakaTa kiyA jA sake to mahAvIra ne jo kahA hai, vaha parama sArthakatA le legA, jo usane kabhI nahIM lI thI, yAnI Ane vAle pA~ca so, hajAra varSo meM mahAvIra kI vicAra dRSTi bahuta hI prabhAvI ho sakatI hai, lekina usake lie, 'syAt' ko prakaTa karanA hogA / viveka kI sAdhanA : ODG mahAvIra kI pichale janmoM kI sAdhanA apramAda kI sAdhanA hai / hamAre bhItara jo jIvana cetanA hai, vaha kaise paripUrNa rUpa se jAgRta ho ? isa viSaya meM mahAvIra kahate haiM : 'hama viveka se uTheM, viveka se baiTheM, viveka se caleM, viveka se bhojana kareM, viveka se soyeM bhI 12 artha yaha hai ki uThate baiThate, sote, khAte, pIte pratyeka sthiti meM cetanA jAgRta ho, mUcchiMta nahIM / zrAvaka banAne kI kalA : Sangam mahAvIra kI satata ceSTA isameM lagI ki kaise manuSya zrAvaka bane, kaise sunanevAlA, bane, kaise suna sake / aura vaha tabhI suna sakatA hai, jaba usake citta kI sArI vicAraparikramA Thahara jAe / to zrAvaka banAne kI kalA khojane ke lie bar3A zrama karanA par3A / ava to hama kisI ko bhI zrAvaka kahate haiM / magara mahAvIra ke nirvAraNa ke vAda zrAvaka honA hI muzkila ho gayA / asala meM jo mahAvIra ke sAmane baiThA thA vahI zrAvaka thA / usameM bhI sabhI zrAvaka nahIM the / bahuta se zrotA the / zrotA kAna se sunatA hai, zrAvakaM prAraNa se sunatA hai | zrotA ko zabda bole jAeM, to vaha suna le, jarUrI nahIM hai ! mahAvIra ne zrAvaka kI kalA ko vikasita kiyA / yaha bar3I se bar3I kalA hai jagat meM / maiM mahAvIra kI bar3I 'denoM meM se zrAvaka banane kI kalA ko mAnatA hUM / pratikramaNa : zrAtmA meM lauTanA : 'pratikramaNa' zabda zrAvaka banAne kI kalA kA eka hissA hai / 'AkramaNa' kA graMtha hotA hai dUsare para hamalA karanA aura pratikramaNa kA artha hotA hai saba hamalA lauTA denA,

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24 jIvana, vyaktitva aura vicAra: vApisa lauTa jAnA / sAdhAraNataH hamArI cetanA prakramaNa hai / pratikramaNa kA artha hai vApisa lauTa AnA sArI cetanA ko vApisa sameTa lenA / sUrya zAma ko apanI kiraNoM kA jAla sameTa letA hai, aise hI apanI phailI cetanA ko mitra ke pAsa se, zatru ke pAsa se, patnI ke pAsa se, veTe ke pAsa se, makAna se aura dhana se vApisa bulA lenA hai| jahAM-jahAM hamArI cetanA ne khuTiyAM gAr3a dI haiM thora phaila gayI hai, usa sAre phailAva ko vApisa bulA lenA hai / jAnA hai zrAkramaNa, lauTa AnA hai pratikramaNa | jahAM-jahA~ cetanA gayI hai, vahAM-vahAM se use vApisa pukAra lenA ki 'grA jAno' / dhyAna : : para kendrita, prakriyA mAtra : dhyAna kA pahalA caraNa hai pratikramaNa aura sAmAyika hai dUsarA caraNa / sAmAyika dhyAna se bhI adbhuta zabda hai / mahAvIra ne jo isa zabda kA upayoga kiyA hai, vaha vyAna se behatara hai / dhyAna zabda meM kahIM dUsarA chipA huA hai / jaise kahate haiM, 'kisake dhyAna meM' kisa para dhyAna kareM, kahAM lgaayeN| dhyAna zabda kisI-na-kisI meM parakendrita hai / usase savAla hugrA hai, 'kisa kA dhyAna ?' * sAmAyika : zrAtmA meM honA : : sAmAyika ko mahAvIra ne bilakula mukta kara diyA hai| samaya kA matalaba hotA AtmA aura sAmAyika kA matalava AtmA meM honA / pratikramaNa hai pahalA hissA ki dUsare se loTa zrAzro, sAmAyika hai dUsarA hissA apane meM ho grAyo / aura jaba taka dUsare se na lauToge, tava taka apane meM hoge kaise ? isalie pahalI sIr3hI pratikramaNa aura dUsarI sIr3hI sAmAyika hai / to pratikramaNa sirpha prakriyA hai, svabhAva nahIM / isIlie koI pratikamaraNa meM ha / rukanA cAhe to vaha nA samajhI meM hai | cetanA itanI zIghratA se AtI aura itanI zIghratA se lauTa jAtI hai ki patA hI nahIM calatA / eka daphA socatI hai ki kahAM makAna ? kyA merA ? loTatI hai eka kSaraNa ko / lekina yahAM Thaharane ko jagaha nahIM pAtI, punaH vahIM loTa jAtI hai / dUsarA sUtra hai, sAmAyika / mahAvIra kA jo kendra hai vaha sAmAyika hai / sAmAyika bar3A adbhuta zabda hai / duniyA meM bahuta zabda logoM ne upayoga kiye haiM, lekina isase adbhuta zabda kA upayoga nahIM ho sakA kahIM bhI / isa prakAra, samaya kA artha hai AtmA, sAmAyika kA artha hai AtmA meM honA / virAT jIvana ko zrora : mahAvIra bhalI bhAMti jAnate haiM ki yaha zarIra bhI to kaI bAra badalA jAtA lekina eka prora kAyA hai jo kabhI nahIM badalatI, basa eka hI vAra khatma hotI hai, usa kAyAko pighalAne meM lagA hugrA jo zrama hai vahIM tapazcaryA hai aura usa kAyA ko pighalane kI jo prakriyA haiM vahI sAkSIbhAva, sAmAyika yA dhyAna hai / vaha smaraNa meM thA jAe aura usake prayoga se gujara jAeM, to phira koI punarjanma nahIM hai / 'punarjanma rahegA, sadA rahegA, agara hama kucha na kareM / lekina aisA ho sakatA hai ki punarjanma na ho| hama virAT jIvana ke sAtha eka ho jaaeN| aisA nahIM ki hama khatma ho jAte haiN| basa aisA hI ho jAte haiM, jaise bUMda sAgara ho jAtI haiN| vaha miTatI nahIM, lekina miTa bhI jAtI hai, bUMda kI taraha

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mahAvIra : krAntadraSTA, yugasRSTA miTa jAtI hai, sAgara kI taraha raha jAtI hai / isalie mahAvIra kahate haiM ki AtmA hI paramAtmA ho jAtA hai| sAdhaka ke lie bhaviSya kI ghaTanA: __ aAja mahAvIra ko do hajAra pAMca sau varSa ho gaye haiN| vaha atIta kI ghaTanA hai| itihAsa yahI kahegA / maiM yaha nahIM kahaMgA / sAdhaka ke lie mahAvIra bhaviSya kI ghaTanA hai| usake jIvana meM Ane vAle kisI kSaNa meM vaha vahAM pahuMcegA, jahA~ mahAvIra pahuMce the aura jaba taka hama usa jagaha na pahuMca jAyeM, taba taka mahAvIra ko samajhA nahIM jA sktaa| kyoMki usa anubhUti ko hama kaise samajhege jo anubhUti hameM kabhI nahIM huI hai / mahAvIra ko samajhanA ho, to bahuta gahare meM svayaM ko samajhanA aura rUpAntarita karanA jyAdA jarUrI hai / . .

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Atmajayo mahAvIra * prAcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI - AN jIvanta preraNA ke srota : jina tapaHpUta mahAtmAoM para bhAratavarSa ucita garva kara sakatA hai, jinake mahAn upadeza hajAroM varSa kI kAlAvadhi ko cIra kara Aja bhI jIvanta preraNA kA srota bane hue haiM, unameM bhagavAn mahAvIra agragaNya haiN| unake puNya smaraNa se hama nizcita rUpa se gauravAnvita hote haiN| yAja se DhAI hajAra varSa pahale bhI isa deza meM vibhinna zreNI kI mAnava maNDaliyAM basatI thiiN| unameM kitanI hI vikasita sabhyatA se sampanna thiiN| bahuta sI arddha-vikasita aura avikasita sabhyatAyeM sAtha-sAtha jI rahI thiiN| Aja bhI usa avasthA meM bahuta antara nahIM pAyA hai, para mahAvIra ke kAla meM vizvAsoM aura prAcAroM kI visaMgatiyAM bahuta jaTila thIM aura unameM Adima pravRttiyAM bahuta adhika thiiN| isa paristhiti meM sabako uttama lakSya kI ora prerita karane kA kAma bahuta kaThina hai| kisI ke prAcAra aura vizvAsa ko tarka se galata sAvita kara denA, kisI uttama lakSya taka jAne kA sAdhana nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki usase anAvazyaka kaTutA aura kSobha paidA hotA hai / hara prakAra ke prAcAra-vicAra kA samarthana karanA aura bhI burA hotA hai, usase galata bAtoM kA anucita samarthana hotA hai aura antatogatvA avyavasthA aura anAsthA kA vAtAvaraNa utpanna hotA hai / khaMDana-maMDana dvArA digvijayI banane kA prayAsa isa deza meM kama pracalita nahIM thA, para isase koI vizepa lAbha kabhI nahIM huaa| pratidvandvI kheme aura bhI Agraha ke sAtha apanI-apanI Teka para ar3a jAte haiM / isa deza ke visaMgativahula samAja ko ThIka rAste para le Ane ke lie jina mahAtmAoM ne gaharAI meM dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai unhoMne do bAtoM para vizeSa bala diyA hai / mana, vacana, karma para saMyama : pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki kevala vANI dvArA upadeza yA kathanI kabhI ucita lakSya taka nahIM le jaatii| usake lie Avazyaka hai ki vANI dvArA kucha bhI kahane ke pahale vaktA kA caritra zuddha ho / usakA mana nirmala honA cAhiye, AcaraNa pavitra honA caahie| jisane mana, vacana aura karma ko saMyata rakhanA nahIM sIkhA, inameM paraspara aviruddha rahane kI sAdhanA nahIM kI, vaha jo kucha bhI kahegA aprabhAvI hogaa|

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AtmajayI mahAvIra 27 caritra-bala netRtva ke lie prAvazyaka : ___ hamAre pUrvajoM ne mana-vacana-karma para saMyama rakhane ko eka zabda meM 'tapa' kahA hai| tapa se hI manuSya saMyatendriya yA jitendriya hotA hai, tapa se hI vaha 'vazI' hotA hai, tapa se hI vaha kucha kahane kI yogyatA prApta karatA hai / vibhinna prakAra ke saMskAroM aura vizvAsoM ke loga tarka se yA vAgmitA se nahIM, balki zuddha, pavitra, saMyata caritra se prabhAvita hote haiN| yugoM se yaha vAta hamAre deza meM baddhamUla ho gaI hai| isa deza ke netRtva kA adhikArI eka mAtra vahI ho sakatA hai jisameM cAritra kA mahAna guNa ho / durbhAgya vaza, vartamAna kAla meM isa ora kama dhyAna diyA jA rahA hai| jisameM caritra-bala nahIM vaha isa deza kA netRtva nahIM kara sktaa| . bhagavAn mahAvIra jaisA caritra saMpanna, jitendriya, AtmavazI mahAtmA milanA muzkila hai / sArA jIvana unhoMne Atma-saMyama aura tapasyA meM vitaayaa| unake samAna dRr3ha saMkalpa ke AtmajayI mahAtmA bahuta thor3e hue haiN| unakA mana, vacana aura karma eka dUsare ke sAtha pUrNa sAmaMjasya meM the| isa deza kA netA unhIM jaisA tapomaya mahAtmA hI ho sakatA thaa| hamAre saubhAgya se isa deza meM jitendriya mahAtmAoM kI paramparA bahuta vizAla rahI hai| isa deza meM tapasviyoM kI saMkhyA sadA bahuta rahI hai| kevala caritra vala hI paryApta nahIM hai / isake sAtha aura kucha bhI Avazyaka hai / ahiMsA, adroha aura maitrI: ____ yaha 'aura kucha bhI hamAre manISiyoM ne khoja nikAlA thA / vaha thA ahiMsA, adroha aura maitrI / ahiMsA parama dharma hai, vaha sanAtana dharma hai, vaha eka mAtra dharma hai, Adi bAteM isa deza meM sadA mAnya rahI haiM / mana se, vacana se aura karma se ahiMsA kA pAlana kaThina sAdhanA hai / siddhAnta rUpa se prAyaH sabhI ne ise svIkAra kiyA hai para AcaraNa meM ise sahI-sahI utAra lenA kaThina kArya hai / zarIra dvArA ahiMsA kA pAlana apekSAkRta AsAna hai, vANI dvArA kaThina hai aura mana dvArA to nitAMta kaThina hai| tInoM meM sAmaMjasya banAye rakhanA aura bhI kaThina sAdhanA hai| __ isa deza meM 'ahiMsA' zabda ko bahuta adhika mahattva diyA jAtA hai| yaha Upara-Upara se nipedhAtmaka zabda lagatA hai lekina yaha niSedhAtmaka isalie hai ki Adima sahajAta vRtti ko ukhAr3a dene ke uddezya se banA hai| ahiMsA bar3I kaThina sAdhanA hai| usakA sAdhana saMyama hai, maitrI hai, pradroha buddhi hai aura sabase bar3hakara antarnAda ke satya kI parama upalabdhi hai| ahiMsA kaThora saMyama cAhatI hai / indriyoM aura mana kA nigraha cAhatI hai, vANI para saMyata anuzAsana cAhatI hai aura parama satya para sadA jame rahane kI avisaMvAdinI buddhi cAhatI hai| sabase bar3e ahiMsAvatI: ____ bhagavAna mahAvIra se bar3A ahiMsAvratI koI nahIM huaa| unhoMne vicAroM ke kSetra meM krAntikArI ahiMsaka vRtti kA praveza karAyA / vibhinna vicAroM aura vizvAsoM ke pratyAkhyAna meM jo ahaMkAra bhAvanA hai, use bhI unhoMne panapane nahIM diyaa| ahaMkAra arthAt apane Apa

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jIvana, vyaktitva aura vicAra ko jagat pravAha se pRthak samajhane kI vRtti bahuta prakAra kI hiMsA kA kAraNa banatI hai / satya ko idamityaM rUpa meM jAnane kA dAvA bhI grahaMkAra kA hI eka rUpa hai / satya avibhAjya hotA hai aura use vibhakta kara ke dekhane se mata-matAMtaroM kA zrAgraha utpanna hotA hai / Agraha se satya ke vibhinna pahala grojhala ho jAte haiM / 26 sampUrNa manISA ko nayA mor3a : mujhe bhagavAn mahAvIra ke isa anAgrahI rUpa meM, jo sarvatra satya kI jhalaka dekhane kA prayAsI hai, paravartI kAla ke adhikArI bheda, prasaMga bheda Adi ke dvArA satya ko sarvatra dekhane kI vaiSNava pravRtti kA pUrva rUpa dikhAI detA hai / paravartI jaina AcAryoM ne 'syAdvAda' ke rUpa meM ise sucitita darzana zAstra kA rUpa diyA aura vaiSNava AcAryoM ne sava ko avikArI-bheda se svIkAra karane kI dRSTi dI / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sampUrNa bhAratIya manIpA ko naye DhaMga se socane kI dRSTi dI / isa dRSTi kA mahattva aura upayogitA isI se prakaTa hotI hai ki Aja ghUma phira kara saMsAra phira usI meM kalyANa dekhane lagA hai !: satya aura ahiMsA para unakI bar3I dRr3ha prAsthA thI / kabhI-kabhI unheM kevala jainamata ke usa rUpa ko, jo grAja jIvita hai, prabhAvita aura prerita karane vAlA mAnakara unakI dena ko sImita kara diyA jAtA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra isa deza ke una gine-cune mahAtmAtroM meM se haiM jinhoMne sAre deza kI manISA ko nayA mor3a diyA hai| unakA caritra, zIla, tapa aura vivekapUrNa vicAra, sabhI abhinandanIya haiM / ....

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vizva ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dena . . . . . . . . zrI madhukara munijI bhAratavarSa kI yaha sAMskRtika paramparA rahI hai ki yahAM mahApuruSa janma se paidA nahIM hote kintu karma se banate haiN| apane udAtta evaM lokahitakArI Adarza tathA AcaraNa ke bala para hI ve puruSa se mahApuruSa kI zreNI meM pahuMcate haiN| AtmA se mahAtmA aura paramAtmA taka kI maMjila ko prApta karate haiN| isalie bhAratavarSa ke kisI bhI mahApurupa ke kartavya para, unakI sAdhanA aura siddhi para vicAra karate hue sabase pahale unakI jIvana-dRSTi para hamArA dhyAna kendrita hotA hai| svayaM ke jIvana ke prati aura vizva jIvana ke prati unakA kyA cintana rahA hai? kisa dRSTi ko mukhyatA dI hai? aura jIvana jIne kI kisa vidhi para vizeSa , bala diyA hai ?~yahI mahApurupa ke kartavya aura vizva ke lie usakI dena ko samajhane kA eka mApadaMDa hai| .. bhagavAn mahAvIra kI 25vIM nirvANa zatAbdI ke pAvana prasaMga para Aja hamAre samakSa yaha prazna ubhara kara AyA hai ki 2500 varSa kI isa sudIrghakAla yAtrA meM bhI jisa mahApuruSa kI smRtiyAM aura saMsmRtiyAM mAnavatA ke lie upakAraka aura patha-darzaka banI huI hai, usa mahApuruSa kI Akhira kaunasI dena hai jisase mAnavatA Aja nirAzA kI aMdhakArAchanna nizA meM bhI prakAza prApta karane kI AzA lie hue hai| . bhagavAna mahAvIra svayaM hI vizva ke lie eka dena the--yaha kahane meM koI atyukti nahIM hogii| unake jIvana ke kaNa-kaNa meM aura unake upadezoM se pada-pada meM mAnavatA ke prati asIma prema, karuNAM aura usake abhyudaya kI ananta abhilASAM chalaka rahI hai / aura isI jIvana dhArA meM unhoMne jo kucha kiyA, kahA vaha sabhI mAnavatA ke lie eka prakAza puMja haiM, eka amUlya dena hai| mAnava sattA kI mahattA : . bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUrva ke bhAratIya ciMtana meM mAnava kI mahattA mAnate hue bhI use Izvara yA kisI ajJAta zakti kA dAsa svIkAra kara liyA gayA thaa| mAnava Izvara ke hAtha kI kaThaputalI samajhA jAtA thA, aura usa Izvara ke nAma para mAnava ke vibhinna rUpa vibhinna khaNDa nirmita ho gae the| yaha pahale se mAna liyA gayA thA ki saMsAra meM jo kucha bhI ho rahA hai, jo hone vAlA hai, vaha sava Izvara kI icchA kA phala hai| mAnava to mAtra eka. kaThaputalI hai / abhinetA to Izvara hai, vahI ise apanI icchAnusAra nacAtA hai|

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jIvana, vyaktitva aura vicAra mAnava-mAnava meM bhI eka gaharI bheda rekhA khIMcadI gaI thii| kucha manuSya Izvara ke pratinidhi vana gaye, kucha unake dalAla aura bAkI saba una IzvarIya ejeMToM ke upAsaka / brAhmaNa cAhe kaisA bhI ho, vaha pUjya aura guru hai, zUdra cAhe kitanA bhI sahiSNu - sevAparAyaNa evaM dharmamaya jIvana jIne vAlA ho, use dharma sAdhanA karane aura zAstrajJAna prApta karane kA koI adhikAra nahIM / yaha mAnava-sattA kA avamUlyana thA, mAnava zakti kA apamAna thA / 30 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sabase pahale mAnava-sattA kA punarmUlyAMkana sthApita kiyA / unhoMne kahA-Izvara nAma kA koI aisA vyakti nahIM hai jo manuSya para zAsana karatA ho, manuSya Izvara kA dAsa yA sevaka nahIM hai, kintu apane ApakA svAmI hai / unhoMne kahA'appA kattA vikatAya duhAraNa ya suhAragaya' fu 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra' apane sukha evaM duHkha kA karane vAlA yaha grAtmA svayaM hai / AtmA kA apanA svatantra mUlya hai, vaha kisI ke hAtha vikA huA nahIM hai, vaha cAhe to apane lie naraka kA kUTa zAlmalI vRkSa ( bhayaMkara kAMTedAra vipa vRkSa) bhI ugA sakatA hai athavA svarga kA nandanavana aura grazoka vRkSa bhI / svarga naraka AtmA ke hAtha meM hai-- AtmA apanA svayaM svAmI hai / pratyeka AtmA meM paramAtmA banane kI zakti hai / grAtmA sattA kI svatantratA kA yaha udghopa mAnavIya mUlyoM kI navasthApanA thA, mAnava sattA kI mahattA kA spaSTa svIkAra thA / isa zrAghopa ne manuSya ko satkarma ke lie, puruSArtha ke lie prerita kiyA / IzvarIya dAsatA se mukta kiyA / aura bandhanoM se mukta hone kI cAvI usI ke hAtha meM sauMpa dI gaI-- 'aeppamokkho ajatyeva' - AcArAMga sUtra 152 baMdhana aura mokSa - zrAtmA ke apane hI bhItara hai / samAnatA kA siddhAnta : mAnava sattA kI mahattA sthApita hone para yaha siddhAnta bhI svayaM puSTa ho gayA ki mAnava cAhe puruSa ho yA strI, brAhmaNa ho yA zUdra - dharma kI dRSTi se, mAnavIya dRSTi se usameM koI antara nahIM hai / jAti aura janma se apanI abhijAtyatA yA zreSThatA mAnanA mAtra eka daMbha hai / jAti se koI bhI viziSTa yA hIna nahIM'na dIsa I jAi visesa koI -uttarAdhyayana sUtra unhoMne kahA-- brAhmaNa kauna ? kula vizepa meM paidA hone vAlA brAhmaNa nahIM, kintu 'baMbha cereNa vaMbharaNo' (uttarAdhyayana) brahmacarya kA pAlana karane vAlA brAhmaNa hotA hai / yaha jAtivAda para gaharI coTa thI / jAti ko janma ke sthAna para karma se mAnakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne purAnI jar3a mAnyatAtroM ko tor3A / kammuraNA vaMbharaNA hoI, kammuragA hoI khattiyo / vaso kammuragA hoI, suddo havai kammuraNA ||

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vizva ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dena . karma samAnatA ke isa siddhAnta se AbhijAtyatA kA jhUThA daMbha nirasta ho gayA aura mAnava-mAnava ke bIca samAnatA kI bhAvanA, karma zreSThatA kA siddhAnta sthApita huaa| dharma sAdhanA ke kSetra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne nArI ko utanA hI adhikAra diyA jitanA puruSa ko| yaha to dhArmikatA kA, AtmajJAna kA upahAsa thA ki eka sAdhaka apane ko Atma dRSTA mAnate hue bhI strI-puruSa kI daihika dhAraNAoM se baMdhA rahe aura dharma sAdhanA meM strI-puruSa kA laiMgika bheda mana meM vasAe rahe / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahAitthI pro 'vA purisevA-cAhe strI ho yA puruSa ho pratyeka meM eka jyotirmaya ananta zaktimaya yAtmatatva hai, aura pratyeka usakA pUrNa vikAsa kara sakatA hai, isalie dharma sAdhanA ke kSetra meM jAtIya athavA laiMgika bheda ke AdhAra para bheda-bhAva paidA karanA nirA ajJAna aura pAkhaNDa hai / ... isa prakAra mAnava kI mahattA aura dharma sAdhanA meM samAnatA kA siddhAnta bhagavAn mahAvIra kI eka adbhuta dena hai, jo bhAratIya jIvana ko hI nahIM, kintu vizva jIvana ko bhI upakRta kara rahI hai / isI ke sAtha ahiMsA kA sUkSma evaM manovaijJAnika darzana, aparigraha kA uccatama sAmAjika evaM adhyAtmika ciMtana tathA anekAnta kA zreSTha dArzanika vizleSaNa vizva ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra kI eka avismaraNIya dena hai| AvazyakatA hai Aja isa dena se mAnava samAja apanA kalyANa karane ke lie sacce mana se prastuta ho / wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwk

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Kasai bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAzvata saMdeza ... * zrI agaracanda nAhaTA Athawalaked UUUUUUU nnnnnn mAnava anya prANiyoM se viziSTa : _mAnava anya prANiyoM se viziSTa isIlie mAnA gayA hai ki usake pAsa mana aura bhASA kI jaisI mahattvapUrNa zakti hai jo dUsaroM ko prApta nahIM hai| mana ke dvArA vaha manana karatA hai, acche-bure kAmoM kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai| bhASA ke dvArA vaha apane bhAvoM ko acchI taraha se vyakta karatA hai, dUsare ke bhAvoM ko sunatA-samajhatA hai| Age calakara java bhagavAna Rpabhadeva ne mAnavIya sabhyatA kA vikAsa kiyA to lipi aura aMka tathA aneka vidyAeM aura kalAeM sikhAI to mAnava kI kArya-zakti bahuta bar3ha gii| pArasparika sadbhAva evaM saMgaThana se samAja banA / vyakti eka dUsare ke sukha-duHkha meM sahabhAgI bne| isa taraha ahiMsA aura prema dharma kA vikAsa huyA / yadyapi paristhitiyoM Adi ke kAraNa mAnava svabhAva meM burAiyAM bhI panapI / phira bhI mahApuruSoM kI vANI se mAnava samAja ko mArgadarzana milatA rahA / isase manuSya ne kevala iha-laukika hI nahIM, pAralaukika paramasiddhi mokSa taka prApta karane kA mArga DhUMDha nikAlA / mAnava meM jo vahuta sI kamajoriyAM haiM unako miTAne va haTAne ke lie hI nIti, dharma aura AdhyAtma kI zikSA mahApuruSoM ne dii| nyUnAdhika rUpa meM guNoM ke sAtha doSa bhI sadA se ubharate rahe haiN| mahApuruSoM ne doSoM ke nivAraNa aura guNoM ke pragaTIkaraNa tathA unnayana kA mArga vatalA kara jana-sAdhAraNa kA var3A upakAra kiyA hai / unake upadeza kisI samaya-vizeSa ke liye hI upayogI nahIM, para ve sadA-sarvadA kalyANakArI hone se zAzvata saMdeza kahe jAte haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra jaina-dharma ke antima tIrthaMkara, isa kSetra aura kAla kI apekSA se mAne jAte haiN| unhoMne jagat ke prANiyoM ko duHkhoM se saMtapta dekhA, aura una duHkhoM ke kAraNoM para gambhIra cintana kiyA / sAr3he bAraha varSoM taka sAvaka jIvana meM ve prAyaH mauna aura dhyAnastha rahe / AhAra-pAnI kI bhI unheM cintA na thI / isaliye sAr3he vAraha varSoM meM kevala 341 dina hI, dina meM eka bAra aAhAra-pAnI eka sAtha meM hI grahaNa kara liyaa| vAkI dina upavAsa-tapa meM hI vitAye / lambI aura kaThina sAdhanA ke bAda unheM kevalajJAna utpanna huA / ve pUrNa vItarAgI aura aha bane / prANImAtra ke kalyANa ke lie unhoMne jo vidhiniSedha ke rUpa meM 30 varSa taka dharmopadeza diyA, usase lAkhoM vyaktiyoM kA jIvana Adarza aura pavitra banA / unake diye hue upadeza Aja bhI mAnava-samAja ke liye utane hI upayogI

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bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAzvata saMdeza 33 'hai. jitane ki 2500 varSa pahale the, kyoMki mAnava svabhAva meM koI maulika antara nahIM huA hai / sAmayika paristhitiyoM kA prabhAva to par3atA rahatA hai yataH pravRttiyoM meM bAhya zrantara aura nyUnAdhikatA najara grAtI hai, para mUla bhUta svabhAva aura guNadopa to sadA karIva karIva vahI rahate haiM / yahAM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAzvata saMdezoM para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai / pArasparika sadbhAva : J mAnava kelA janmatA hai aura akelA hI jAtA hai / para usakA madhyavartI jIvana bahuta kucha dUsaroM ke sahayoga para AdhArita hai / mAtA-pitA, kuTumbaM parivAra, samAja, jAti, "deza, rASTra ke logoM se usakA samparka baDhatA hai to aneka vAteM unase grahaNa karatA hai / isI taraha usase bhI anya loga grahaNa karate haiM / mahApuruSoM ne grahamA yA premadharma kA pracAra isIliye kiyA ki pArasparika hiMsA, kaTutA, kleza aura vyaktigata svArtha mAnava samAja ko - chinna-bhinna kara dete haiM / grataH mahAvIra ne ahiMsA dharma kA upadeza dete huye kahA ki - sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM aura sukha cAhate haiM, isIlie kisI ko mAro mata, na kaSTa do unheM apane hI samAna samabho / isa grAtmIya bhAva kA vistAra hI grahiMsA hai / isakI AvazyakatA sava samaya thI aura rahegI, kyoMki manuSya meM hiMsA kA bhAva sadA banA rahatA hai aura usase usakA aura samAja tathA rASTra kA bahuta nukasAna hotA hai / hiMsA, azAMti kA mUla hai / hiMsA ke saMskAra eka janma taka hI nahIM, aneka janmoM taka calate aura vaDhate rahate haiM / grAja eka nirvala vyakti ko yA rASTra ko kisI savala ne satAyA, dabAyA to paristhitivaza use cAhe sahana karanA par3e, para jaba bhI use maukA milegA taba badalA lene kA prayatna karegA hI / zrAjakA mavala kala nirvala bana sakatA hai isI taraha AjakA nirbala, kala sabala bana sakatA hai / jahAM taka ahiMsaka bhAva ko nahI apanAyA jAyegA, vaira-virodha kI paramparA calatI hI rahegI ! jo mukha-suvidhAeM manuSyaM grapane lie cAhatA hai, vahI dUsaroM ke lie bhI cAhatA va denA rahe 'to saMgharSa nahI hogA / sahasrastitva ke lie pArasparika sadbhAva kI bahuta hI zrAvazyakatA hai / dUsare prANiyoM ko bhI apane hI samAna Age bar3hane aura sukha zAnti se jIvana-yApana karane kI suvidhA dene se hI zAMti mila sakegI / vyakti apane svArtha ko bhUla kara sabake prati samabhAva ra AtmIya bhAva rakhe, to kaTutA, saMgharSa, zrAkramaraNa, yuddha, dUsaroM kI bhUmi, sattA aura dhana para lolupabhAva nahIM rakhA jAya to vizva meM zAMti sahaja hI sthApita ho sakatI hai / pArasparika sadbhAva aura grAtmIya bhAva vyakti, samAja aura rASTra sabhI ke lie lAbhadAyaka hai 1 * * samavibhAjana aura samAja-saMtulana : apane pAsa bhUmi dhana vastueM Adi adhika hai, aura dUsaro ko unakI zrAvazyakatA hai to unako ve vastueM de dI jAye jisase unako vastuoMoM ke prabhAva se dukha na ho, IrSyA na ho / Akhira eka ke pAsa AvazyakatA se bahuta adhika saMcaya hogA aura dUsarA prabhAva ke kAraNa kaSTa uThAtA rahegA, to saMgharSa avazyambhAvI he / isaliye samavibhAjana karate rahanA pratyeka manuSya kA kartavya hai tAki samAja me satulana banA rahe / zrAvazyakatAo ko kama karate jAnA

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34 jIvana, vyaktitva aura vicAra bhagavAn mahAvIra kA mukhya saMdeza hai| muniyoM ke liye to jIvana dhAraNa karane ke liye atyalpa AvazyakatAyeM hotI haiM para zrAvakoM ke lie bhI sAtaveM vrata meM bhoga aura upabhoga kI vastuoM kA anAvazyaka saMgraha kA nipeSa hai| usa vrata kA nAma hai bhogopabhoga pariNAma vrata / AThavAM vrata hai-anartha daNDa / vAstava meM prayojanIya, jarUrI saMgraha evaM kAma to bahuta thor3e hote haiM vyartha kI AvazyakatAoM ko bar3hAkara tathA mana, vacana, kAyA kI pravRttiyoM kA durupayoga karake manuSya pApa bandha karate rahate haiM isalie una para roka lagAI gaI hai| maitrI aura kSamA bhAva : samabhAva kI sAdhanA evaM pApa-pravRtti ke pazcAtApa ke lie sAmAyika pratikramaNa karane kA vidhAna hai| vAstava meM yAtma-nirIkSaNa aura AtmAlocana pratyeka vyakti ke liye bahuta hI Avazyaka aura lAbhadAyaka haiN| bahuta bAra asAvadhAnI yA paristhitivaza na karane yogya kArya manuSya kara baiThatA hai| dUsaroM se vaira-virodha bar3hA letA hai| isaliye sAmAyikapratikramaNa meM pratidina saba jIvoM se khamatakhAmaNA karane kA vidhAna hai| nimna gAthA dvArA isa bhAva ko vaDe sundara rUpa meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai khAmemi sabe jIvA, sabbe jIvA khamantu me / mittime savve bhuesu, vairaM majha na keNaI / maiM saba jIvoM se kSamA cAhatA hUM aura kSamA detA huuN| kisI ke sAtha bhI merA vaira virodha nahIM hai, sabake sAtha meM acchA maitrIbhAva hai| isa bhAvanA kA pracAra jitanA adhika hogA utanA hI vizva kA maMgala hogaa| pratyeka vyakti yadi zuddhabhAva se dUsaroM se apane aparAdhoM, anucita va kaTu vyavahAra ke liye kSamA mAMga le aura apane prati hue aise vyavahAroM ke liye dUsaroM ko kSamA karade, kisI ke sAtha vaira virodha na rakhakara sabake sAtha maitrIbhAva rakhane lage to isa vizva kA svarUpa hI vadala jAyagA / AvazyakatA hai bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ina zAzvata saMdezoM ko jana-jana meM pracArita karane kI, niyamita rUpa se Atma-nirIkSaNa kA abhyAsa DAlane kii| vyakti svayaM apane vikAsa kA uttaradAyI : vyaktiyoM kA samUha hI samAja hai / vyakti sudharegA to samAja bhI sudhara jaaygaa| isalie pratyeka vyakti meM sadguNoM kA adhikAdhika vikAsa ho| avaguNa yA doSoM kA hrAsa ho / isake aneka upAya bhagavAna mahAvIra ne batalAye haiN| jainadharma vItarAga hone kA saMdeza detA hai| rAga, dvepa hI karma ke bIja haiM, aura karmoM ke kAraNa se hI du.kha kleza aura vibhinnatAyeM haiM / karma jo karatA hai usakA phala use bhoganA hI pdd'egaa| isalie bure kAmoM se bacA jAya / AtmA hI apanA zatru aura vahI apanA mitra hai| yaha bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa vAta bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahI hai / jainadharma meM Izvara ko kartA, hartA evaM sRSTi kA saMcAlaka nahIM mAnA gayA, pratyeka vyakti hI svarUpataH Izvara yA paramAtmA hai| vaha svayaM hI karmoM kA

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAzvata saMdeza 35 kartA hai-svayaM hI bhoktA hai aura una karmoM se mukta hone vAlA bhI svayaM hI hai| arthAt bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pratyeka vyakti ko apane vikAsa kA uttaradAyI batalAte hue puruSArtha karake svataMtra banane kA saMdeza diyA / vyakti parAdhIna apanI hI galatiyoM ke kAraNa banatA hai, aura una avaguNoM se dUra haTa jAnA usake apane vaza kI hI bAta hai| paramukhApekSitA aura dInatA kI AvazyakatA nahIM / pratyeka prAtmA meM paramAtmA banane kI zakti evaM yogyatA hai / yaha saMdeza vahuta hI udghoSaka hai, preraNAdAyaka hai| manuSya kI soI huI avikasita zaktiyoM ko jAgRta aura vikasita karane kA kAma pratyeka vyakti ko svayaM karanA hai| dUsarA usameM nimitta kAraNa bana sakatA hai| para upAdAna to pratyeka vyakti kI AtmA svayaM hI hai / karmoM kA baMdha AtmA hI karatI hai / aura puspArtha aura prayatna dvArA karmoM se mukta bhI huA jA sakatA hai / yaha bahuta bar3I vAta hai jo mAnava samAja sAmane bhagavAn mahAvIra ne rkhii| unhoMne hRdaya-parivartana ko pradhAnatA dI, supta aura gupta zaktiyoM ko jAgRta karane kI preraNA dii| kaSAya-vijaya hI saccI vijaya : ___ karmoM ke bandha aura unase mukta hone ke kAraNoM para bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa prakAza DAlA hai / isase manuSya apanI zaktiyoM aura guNoM kA paripUrNa vikAsa karake kaise paramAnanda prApta kara sakatA hai yaha bahuta hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai| rAga aura dveSa ke 2-2 bheda haiM / koSa, mAna, mAyA aura lobha / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki krodha se prIti kA, mAna se vinaya kA, mAyA se mitratA kA aura lobha se samasta guNoM kA nAza hotA hai / ataH zAMti se krodha ko, namratA se abhimAna ko, saralatA se mAyA ko, aura saMtopa se lobha ko jiito| pratyeka vyakti aura samAja tathA vizva meM azAMti ina krodha, mAna mAyA aura lobha ke kAraNa hI hotI hai / isaliye inase bacane aura kSamA, mRdutA, saralatA aura saMtopa ko apanAne kA parama kalyANakArI saMdeza diyA gayA hai| krodha Adi ke duppariNAmoM se kitanA duHkha uThAnA par3atA hai, kitanI azAMti bhoga karanI par3atI hai yaha sabhI anubhava karate haiN| anAdikAla ke saMskAra vaza apane mana ke anukUla koI kAma nahIM hone yA karane para krodha kI jvAlA bhabhaka uThatI hai| usa samaya manuSya kartavya aura akartavya ko bhUla jAtA hai, nahIM kahane kI bAta kaha detA hai| hiMsA Adi nahIM karane ke kAma kara baiThatA hai / imase svayaM ko nukasAna hotA hai aura dUsaroM ko bhI / svAsthya kI dRSTi se bhI krodha kA bahuta burA asara par3atA hai| adhikAMza vyakti abhimAna vaza dUsaroM ko tuccha vacana kahate haiM nIca samajhate haiN| apane abhimAna para coTa pahuMcane se ApA kho baiThate haiN| Aja mAyAcAra dikhAkara kapaTa bahuta bar3ha gayA hai para dUsaroM ko Thagane kA prayatna karatA huA vAstava meM manuSya svayaM ThagA jAtA hai| dagA kisI kA sagA nhiiN| lobha kA duppariNAma to sabase bhayaMkara hai / prAyaH sabhI pApa lobha ke kAraNa hI hA karate haiN| isaliye ina cAra kapAyoM ko bahuta pradhAnatA dekara bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA una para vijaya prApta karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai|

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36 DV jIvana; vyaktitva aura vicAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pApa ke 18 prakAra batalAe haiM (1) hiMsA, (2) jhUTha. (3) corI, (4) maithuna, (5) parigraha, (6) krodha, (7) mAna, (8) mAyA, (e) lobha, (10) rAga, (11) dveSa, (12) kala, (13) dopAropaNa, (14) cugalI, (15) asaMyama meM rati-sukha aura saMyama meM rati-dukha, (16) paranindA, ( 17 ) kapaTapUrNa jhUTha, (18) mithyAdarzana zalya | ina pApoM se vacane kA upadeza diyA hai | isase apanI grAtmA ko zAnti milatI hI hai--para samAja aura rASTra ko bhI bahuta lAbha milatA hai / kalaha se kaTutA bar3hatI hai / dUsaroM kI cugalI karanA, paranindA karanAH isase vaira bar3hatA hai / graparAdhoM se nivRta hone ke lie pratyeka gRhastha ke lie bhI ina pApoM se koI bhI pApa lagA ho to pratikramaNa meM usake lie pazcAtApa kiyA jAtA hai / karma-baMdha ke kAraNa batalAe gae haiM- mithyAtva avirati, kapAya, yoga aura pramAda 1. inameM sabase pramukha mithyAtva aura kapAya haiM / granAdikAla se grAtmA apane svarUpa ko bhUla. cukI hai| dhana kuTumba Adi para padArthoM ko apanA mAna kara una para mamatva dhAraNa kara letI hai / vipaya-vAsanAtroM meM sukha anubhava karate hue unameM zrAsakta vana jAtI hai / isalie mokSa mArga meM sabase pahalA mArga samyakudarzana hai / isase zarIra Adi para padArthoM se AtmA ko bhinna- mAnane. rUpa bhedavijJAna pragaTa hotA hai / vastu svarUpa kA vAstavika jJAna samyagdarzana ke binA nahIM ho sakatA / zrataH samyagdarzana ke bAda samyakajJAna aura samyakacAritra ko mokSa mArga vatalAyA gayA hai / apane kie hue zubhAzubha karmoM meM se hI yaha AtmA zranAdikAla se saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kara rahI | karma vendhana se mukta ho jAnA hI svasvarUpa aura paramAtma bhAva paramAnanda kI upalabdhi hai / 1 saMyama aura tapa : jaina dharma meM saMyama aura tapa ko bahuta pradhAnatA dI gaI hai / indriyoM aura mana para vijaya prApta karanA saMyama hai aura icchAtroM kA nirodha karanA hI tapa hai / icchAeM grAkAza ke samAna grananta hai / tRSNA kA koI pAra nahIM hai / icchAe~ hI vandhana haiM / ataH karma vandhana se mukta hone ke lie icchAoM para nirodha bahuta hI Avazyaka hai ! bhagavAn mahAvIra ne svayaM tapa, mauna aura dhyAna kI sAdhanA sAr3he bAraha varSa kI / unake dvArA prariNata grAbhyaMtara tapa to bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa hai / gugIjanoM aura bar3hevUr3hoM kA grAdara karanA vinaya rUpa tapa hai / dUsaroM kI sevA karanA vaiyAvRtya tapa hai / kie hue pApoM kI nindA garhA karanA prAyazcita tapa hai / svAdhyAya ke dvArA grAtmasvarUpa ko jAnanA aura jJAnaMvRddhi karanA svAdhyAya nAma kA tapa hai / isI taraha dhyAna aura kAyotsarga grAbhyaMtara tapa haiM / jinase grAtmA pUrvakRta karmo kI nirjarA karatI hai va zuddha banatI hai / : jaina dharma meM dasa prakAra ke dharma mAne jAte haiM / unameM cAra to cAra kapAyoM ke nirodha rUpa haiM - kSamA, santoSa, saralatA aura namratA / satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, brahmacarya -- ra akiMcanatAye 6 aura milAne se dasa prakAra ke zramaraNa dharma ho jAte haiM / jaina dharma, kA prAcIna nAma zrama dharma hI hai / muniyoM ko zramaNa kahA jAtA hai aura zrAvakoM, .

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAzvata sandeza ko zramaNopAsaka / satya, caurya aura brahmacarya ke sAtha pUrva , ullikhita 'ahiMsA aura aparigraha ko milAkara paMca mahAvrata kahA jAtA hai / sAdhuoM ke lie inakA pUrNarUpa se pAlana karanA aura zrAvakoM ke lie sthUlarUpa se aNuvratoM kA pAlana Avazyaka hai| isase jIvana-saMyamita aura sadAcAramaya bana jAtA hai / yaha AtmotthAna, samAja kalyANa evaM sukha-zAnti prApta karane kA mArga hai / / samabhAva : prAcAra meM vicAra meM : .. jaina dharma kA marma samabhAva meM samAyA huA hai / rAga, dvApa kA na honA hI samabhAva hai / sArI dhArmika kriyAyeM isa samabhAva prApti ke lie hI kI jAtI haiM / prANI mAtra meM samAnatA kA anubhava karanA hI ahiMsA hai / aparigraha kA siddhAnta bhI sAmAjika viSamatA ko haTAne ke lie hI hai| eka pAsa dhana Adi vastuoM kA ambAra laga jAya aura dUsarA khAne-pIne ke lie bhI kaSTa uThAe isa vipamatA ko haTAne ke lie mUrchA yA mamatva koM kama karanA bahuta hI Avazyaka hai| pratyeka manuSya ke vicAra bhinna-bhinna hote haiM / ataH vicAroM kA saMgharSa miTAne ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne anekAnta ko mahatva diyA / ekAnta aAgraha ko mithyAtva mAnA, kyoMki pratyeka vastu ananta dharmAtma hai, ataH kevala eka dRSTikoNa vizepa se vastu kA pUrNatayA pratipAdana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / kevala apanA hI aAgraha na rakha kara dUsaroM ke vicAroM va kathana meM jo satya kA aMza rahA huA hai usako bhI jAnanA bahuta jarUrI hai / vastusvarUpa kA nirNaya karane ke lie usa vastu ke alaga-alaga dRSTikoNa se jo jo svarUpa hai una savako dhyAna meM lAnA Avazyaka hai / dharma-sampradAyoM meM sAdhAraNa matabhedoM ko lekara bahuta saMgharpa hotA rahA / apanI hI vAta yA vicAra satya hai dUsaroM ke galata hai isa matAgraha ke kAraNa rAga dvepa aura kaTutA kA bola vAlA rahA / ataH bhagavAna mahAvIra kA anekAnta siddhAnta dUsaroM ke vicAroM kA bhI samanvaya karanA sikhAtA hai| yadi hama dUsare ke kathana kI apekSA ThIka se jAna leM to phira saMgharSa ko maukA nahIM milegaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne eka aura krAntikArI sandeza pracArita kiyA ki varNa yA jAti se koI U~cA yA nIcA nahIM hotA / guNa ho manuSya ko U~cA banAte hai / brAhmaNa jAti meM janma lene se koI U~cA aura zUdra meM janma lene se nIcA vanatA hai isa mAnyatA kA virodha kiyA gayA / vyakti aura jAti ke sthAna para guNoM ko mahatva diyA gayA / isIlie harikezI cAMDAla jaina muni vanakara ucca varNa vAloM ke lie bhI pUjya bnaa| vizeSatA jAti kI nahIM guNoM kI hai| striyoM ko bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne puruSoM kI taraha hI dhArmika adhikAra die / use mokSa taka kA adhikArI mAnA / sAdhunoM kI apekSA sAdhviyoM kI saMkhyA dUnI se adhika thiiN| isI taraha zrAvakoM se zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA dugunI thI / lAkhoM striyoM ne dharma kI ArAdhanA karake sadgati pAI / Aja bhI sAdhuoM kI apekSA sAdhviyoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai, aura dharma pracAra meM bhI ve kAphI agragaNya aura prayatnazIla haiM / strI samAja

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38 jIvana, vyaktitva aura vicAra apanI zaktiyoM ko vikasita karatA rahe, to grAtma kalyANa meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai / veMka meM hI dharma hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne samaya mAtra bhI pramAda na karane kA upadeza diyA hai / grAtmavismRti jAgarukatA kA prabhAva hI pramAda hai / samaya bahuta hI sUkSma hai / Ayu pratikSaNa kSINa hotI calI jA rahI hai / grataH vyartha kI bAtoM meM samaya varvAda na kara pratyeka samaya kA sadupayoga kiyA jAya / mahAvIra ke ukta sandeza sArvabhauma evaM sArvakAlika haiM / mAnava jIvana ko ucca aura Adarza banAne ke lie tathA vizva meM zAnti sthApita karane ke lie ye sandeza bahuta hI upayogI haiM / pratyeka vyakti unheM AcaraNa meM lAe aura dUsaroM ko bhI unheM apanAne ke lie preraNA kareM to ye vyakti vizeSa ke lie hI nahIM, sabhI. ke lie samAna rUpa se lAbhadAyaka haiM /

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dvitIya khaNDa sAmAjika saMdarbha

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samatA-darzana : Adhunika pariprekSya meM / * AcArya zrI nAnAlAlajI ma0 sA0 samatA-darzana kA lakSya : samatA mAnava jIvana evaM mAnava-samAja kA zAzvata darzana hai| AdhyAtmika, dhArmika, Arthika, rAjanItika, sAmAjika Adi sabhI kSetroM kA lakSya samatA hai kyoMki samatA mAnavamana ke mUla meM hai| isI kAraNa kRtrima viSamatA kI samApti aura samatA kI prApti sabhI ko abhIpTa hai| jisa prakAra AtmAe~ mUla meM samAna haiM kintu karmoM kA maila unameM vibheda paidA karatA hai aura jinheM saMyama aura niyama dvArA samAna banAyA jA sakatA hai, usI prakAra samagna mAnava-samAja meM bhI svastha niyama-praNAlI evaM sudRr3ha saMyama kI sahAyatA se samAjagata samatA kA prasAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| Aja jitanI adhika vipamatA hai, samatA kI mAMga bhI utanI hI adhika gaharI hai| vartamAna vipamatA ke mUla meM sattA va sampatti para vyaktigata yA dalagata lipsA kI pravalatA hI vizeparUpa se kAraNabhUta hai aura yahI kAraNa saccI mAnavatA ke vikAsa meM vAdhaka hai| samatA hI isakA sthAyI va sarvajana hitakArI nirAkaraNa hai| samatA darzana kA lakSya hai ki samatA, vicAra meM ho, dRSTi meM ho, vANI meM ho tathA AcaraNa ke pratyeka caraNa meM ho| samatA, manuSya ke mana meM hai to samAja ke jIvana meM bhI, samatA bhAvanA kI gaharAiyoM meM hai to sAdhanA kI UMcAiyoM meM bhI / vikAsamAna samatA-darzana : mAnava-jIvana gatizIla hai| usake mastiSka meM naye 2 vicAroM kA udaya hotA hai| ye vicAra prakAzita hokara anya vicAroM ko Andolita karate haiN| phalasvarUpa samAja meM vicAroM ke AdAna-pradAna evaM saMgharSa samanvaya kA krama calatA hai| isI vicAra manthana meM se vicAra-navanIta nikAlane kA kArya yuga-puruSa kiyA karate haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki samaya balavAna hotA hai| yaha sahI hai ki samaya kA vala adhikAMzataH logoM ko apane pravAha meM bahAtA hai, kintu samaya ko apane pIche karane vAle ye hI yuga-puruSa hote haiM jo yugAnukUla vANI kA udghoSa karake samaya ke cakra ko dizA-dAna karate haiN| inhIM yugapurupoM evaM vicArakoM ke Atma-darzana se samatA-darzana kA vikAsa hotA AyA hai| isa vikAsa para mahApuruSoM ke ciMtana kI chApa bhI hai to samaya-pravAha kI chApa bhii| aura java Aja hama samatA-darzana para vicAra kareM to yaha dhyAna rakhane ke sAtha ki atIta meM mahApurupoM ne isake sambandha meM apanA vicAra-sAra kyA diyA hai-yaha bhI dhyAna rakhane kI AvazyakatA

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sAmAjika sandarbha hogI ki vartamAna yuga ke saMdarbha meM aura vicAroM ke navIna pariprekSya meM grAja hama samatAdarzana kA kisa prakAra svarUpa nirdhAraNa evaM vizleSaNa kareM ? 40 mahAvIra kI samatA-dhArA : aitihAsika adhyayana se yaha tathya suspaSTa hai ki samatA - darzana kA sugaThita evaM mUrta vicAra sabase pahale bhagavAn pArzvanAtha evaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne diyA / java mAnava-samAz2a viSamatA evaM hiMsA ke cakravyUha meM phaMsA tar3apa rahA thA, taba mahAvIra ne gaMbhIra cintana ke pazcAt samatA-darzana kI jisa pRSTa dhArA kA pravAha pravAhita kiyA, vaha grAja bhI yugaparivartana ke bAvajUda preraNA kA srota vanA huA hai / isa vicAradhArA aura unake vAda jo cintana-dhArA calI hai - yadi donoM kA samyak vizleSaNa karake grAja samatA-darzana kI preraNA grahaNa kI jAya aura phira use vyavahAra meM utArA jAya to nissandeha mAnava-samAja ko sarvAMgINa samatA ke patha kI ora mor3A jA sakatA hai / mahAvIra ne samatA ke donoM pakSoM-darzana evaM vyavahAra ko samAna rUpa se spaSTa kiyA tathA ve siddhAnta batA kara hI nahI raha gaye kintu unhoMne una siddhAntoM ko apane zrAcaraNa dvArA kriyAtmaka rUpa bhI diyA / sabhI AtmAe~ samAna haiM : i mahAvIra ne samatA ke mUla vindu ko sabase pahile phicaanaa| unhoMne udghoSa kiyA ki sabhI AtmAe~ samAna haiM yAne ki sabhI grAtmAnoM meM apanA sarvocca vikAsa sampAdita karane kI samAna kSamatA - zakti rahI huI hai| usa zakti ko prasphuTita evaM vikasita karane kI samasyA avazya hai kintu lakSya prApti ke sambandha meM hatAzA yA nirAzA kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai / isI vicAra ne yaha sthiti spaSTa kI ki jo 'AtmA so paramAtmA' arthAt Izvara koI alaga zakti nahIM, jo sadA se kevala Izvara rUpa meM ho rahI huI ho, valki saMsAra meM hI huI AtmA hI apanI sAdhanA se jaba uccatama vikAsa sAdha letI hai to vahI parama pada pAkara paramAtmA kA svarUpaM grahaNa kara letI hai / vaha paramAtmA sarvazaktimAna evaM pUrNa jJAnavAn to hotA hai kintu saMsAra se usakA koI samvandha usa avasthA meM nahIM rahatA / * } yaha krAMti kA svara mahAvIra ne guMjAyA ki saMsAra kI racanA Izvara nahI karatA aura isa paramparAgata dhAraNA ko bhI unhoMne mithyA batAyA ki aise Izvara kI icchA ke binA saMsAra meM eka pattA bhI nahIM hilatA / saMsAra kI racanA ko unhoMne anAdi karma prakRti para AdhArita batAkara grAtmIya samatA kI jo nIMva rakhI, usa para samatA kA prAsAda khar3A karanA sarala ho gayA / samadRSTi sampanna banane kI zrAvazyakatA : 1 zrAtmIya samatA kI AdhArazilA para mahAvIra ne sandeza diyA ki sabase pahale samadRSTi bano / ise-unhoMne jIvana-vikAma kA mUlAdhAra batAyA / samadRSTi kA zAbdika artha hai - samAna najara rakhanA, lekina isakA gUDhArtha bahuta gaMbhIra aura vicAraNIya hai / manuSya kA mana jaba taka santulita evaM saMyamita nahIM hotA taba taka vaha apanI

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samatA-darzana : grAdhunika pariprekSya meM : vicAraNA ke ghAta-pratighAtoM meM TakarAtA rahatA hai / usakI vRttiyAM caMcalatA ke utAracar3hAvoM meM itanI asthira banI rahatI haiM ki sad yA asad kA use viveka nahIM rahatA / grApa jAnate haiM ki mana kI caMcalatA, rAga aura dveSa kI vRttiyoM se calAyamAna rahatI hai / rAga isa chora para to dvepa usa chora para mana ko idhara-udhara bhaTakAte haiM / isase manuSya kI dRSTi vipama banatI hai | rAga vAlA apanA aura dvepa vAlA parAyA / isa prakAra jahAM apane aura parAye kA bheda banatA hai vahAM dRSTibheda rahegA hI / 41 mahAvIra ne isI kAraNa bhAnava mana kI caMcalatA para pahalI coTa kI, kyoMki mana hI to bandhana ra mukti kA mUla kAraNa hotA hai / caMcalatA rAga aura dveSa ko haTAne se haTatI hai aura caMcalatA haTegI to viSamatA haTegI / vipama dRSTi utpanna hogI / haTane para hI samadRSTi sabase pahale samadRSTipanA Aye, yaha vAMchanIya hai / kyoMki jo samadRSTisampanna bana jAyagA vaha svayaM to samatA patha para grArUr3ha hogA hI, apane samyak saMsarga se dUsaroM ko bhI vipamatA ke cakravyUha se bAhara nikAlegA / isa prayAsa kA prabhAva jitanA vyApaka hogA utanA hI vyakti evaM samAja kA sabhI kSetroM meM calane vAlA vyavasthA krama sahI dizA kI ora agrasara hone lagegA / zrAvakatva evaM sAdhutva : samadRSTi honA samatA ke lakSya kI aura aMgrasara hone kA samAraMbha mAtra hai / phira mahAvIra ne kaThina kriyAzIlatA kA krama banAyAM / samatAmaya dRSTi ke bAda samatAmaya caraNa kI pUrti ke liye do staroM kI racanA kI gaI / isameM pahalA stara rakhA zrAvakatva kA / zrAvaka ke vAraha grasNuvrata batAye gaye hai jinameM pahale ke pAMca mUla guraNa kahalAte hai evaM zepa sAta uttara guraNa / mUla guraNoM kI rakSA ke nimitta uttara guNoM kA nirdhAraNa mAnA jAtA hai / mUla pAMca vrata haiM- ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya evaM parigraha | anurakSaka sAMta vrata haiM - dizA maryAdA, upabhoga-paribhogaparimANa, anartha tyAga, sAmAyika, dezAvakAsika, pratipUrNa paupava evaM pratithi- saMvibhAga vrata | kahalAtA hai- vaha zrAvaka ke jo pAMca mUla vrata haiM, ye hI sAdhu ke pAMca mahAvrata haiM / donoM meM antara yaha hai ki jahAM zrAvakaM sthUla hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, parastrI gamana evaM asImita parigraha kA tyAga karatA hai, vahAM sAdhu sampUrNa rUpa se hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, mithuna evaM parigraha kA tyAga karatA hai / mahAvIra kA mArga eka dRSTi se nivRttipradhAna mArga isaliye ki unakI zikSAeM manuSya ko jar3a padArthoM ke vyartha vyAmoha se jJAnamaya prakAza meM le jAnA cAhatI hai / nivRtti kA viloma hai pravRtti se vismRta vanakara bAhara hI bAhara mRgatRSNA ke pIche bhaTakate rahanA / jahAM yaha bhaTakAva hai, vahAM svArtha hai, vikAra hai aura vipamatA hai / samatA kI sImA rekhA meM lAne, banAye rakhane aura Age bar3hAne ke uddezya se hI zrAvakatva evaM mAdhutva kI uccatara zreNiyAM nirmita kI gaI / haTAkara cetanA ke arthAt zrAntarikatA 1

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sAmAjika saMdarbha jAnane kI sArthakatA mAnane meM haiM aura mAnanA tabhI saphala banatA hai jaba usake anusAra prAcaraNa kiyA jAya / viziSTa mahattva to karane kA hI hai| prAcaraNa hI jIvana ko Age bar3hAtA hai-yaha avazya hai ki prAcaraNa andhA na ho, vikRta na ho / vicAra aura prAcAra meM samAnatA ho : dRSTi java sama hotI hai arthAt usameM bheda nahIM hotA, vikAra nahIM hotA aura apekSA nahIM hotI, tava usakI najara meM jo pAtA hai vaha na to rAga yA Dhepa se kalupita hotA hai aura na svArthAbhAva se dUpita / yaha nirapekSa dRSTi svabhAva se dekhatI hai| vicAra aura AcAra meM samatA kA yahI artha hai ki kisI samasyA para soceM athavA kisI siddhAnta kA kAryAnvayana kareM to usa samaya samadRSTi evaM samabhAva rahanA caahiye| isakA yaha artha nahIM ki sabhI vicAroM kI eka hI lIka ko mAneM yA eka hI lIka meM bher3avRtti se cleN| vyakti ke cintana yA kRtitva ke svAtaMtrya kA lopa nahIM honA cAhiye / aisI svatantratA to sadA unmukta rahanI cAhiye / samadRSTi evaM samabhAva ke sAtha jaba bar3e se bar3e samUha kA cintana yA AcaraNa hogA tava samatA kA vyApaka rUpa prasphuTita hogaa| isa sthiti meM sabhI eka dUsare ke hita cintana meM nirata hoMge aura koI bhI mamatva yA mUrchA se grasta na hogaa| nirapekSa cintana kA phala vicAra samatA meM hI prakaTa hotA hai kintu jaba usa cintana ke sAtha daMbha, haThavAda athavA yazalipsA jur3a jAtI hai taba vaha vicAra saMgharSa kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| aise saMgharpa kA nivAraka hai mahAvIra kA anekAntavAda yA sApekSavAda kA siddhAnta jisakA mantavya hai ki pratyeka vicAra meM kucha na kucha satyAMza hotA hai / apekSA se usa satyAMza ko samajhakara, aMgoM ko jor3akara pUrNa satya se sAkSAtkAra karane kA yatna kiyA jAnA caahie| yaha vicAra samanvaya kA mArga hai| isase pratyeka vicAra kI acchAI ko grahaNa karane kA avasara milatA hai| AcAra samatA ke liye pAMcoM mUla vrata haiN| manuSya apanI zakti ke anusAra ina vratoM kI ArAdhanA meM Age bar3hatA rahe to svArtha-saMgharSa miTa sakatA hai, parigraha kA moha chor3eM yA ghaTAyeM pora rAga-dvepa kI vRttiyoM ko haTAyeM to hiMsA chUTegI hI, corI aura jhUTha bhI chUTegA tathA kAma-vAsanA kI prabalatA bhI mittegii| sAra rUpa meM mahAvIra kI samatAdhArA vicAroM aura svArthoM ke saMgharSa ko miTAne meM sazakta hai, bazarte ki usa dhArA meM avagAhana kiyA jAya / catuvidha saMgha : samatA kA mUrta rUpa : mahAvIra ne isa samatA-darzana ko vyAvahArika banAne ke liye jisa caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kI, usakI AdhArazilA bhI isI samatA para rakhI gii| isa saMgha meM sAcu sAdhvI, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA varga kA samAveza kiyA gayA / sAdhanA ke staroM meM antara hone para bhI dizA eka hI hone se zrAvaka evaM sAdhu-varga ko eka sAtha saMghavaddha kiyA gyaa| dUsarI ora unhoMne liMga bheda bhI nahIM kiyA-sAdhvI aura zrAvikA ko sAdhu evaM zrAvika varga kI zreNI meM hI rakhA / jAti bheda ke to mahAvIra mUlataH hI virodhI the / isa prakAra

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samatA-darzana : Adhunika pariprekSya meM mahAvIra ke caturvidha saMgha kA mUlAdhAra hI samatA hai| darzana aura vyavahAra ke donoM pakSoM meM samatA ko mUrta rUpa dene kA jitanA zreya mahAvIra ko hai, utanA saMbhavataH kisI anya ko nhiiN| samatA-darzana : prAdhunika prariprekSya meM : yuga badalatA hai to paristhitiyAM badalatI haiN| vyaktiyoM ke sahajIvana kI praNAliyAM badalatI haiM to unake vicAra aura AcAra ke taura-tarIkoM meM tadanusAra parivartana AtA hai| yaha sahI hai ki zAzvata tattva meM evaM mUla vratoM meM parivartana nahIM hotaa| satya grAhya hai to vaha hamezA grAhya hI rahegA, kintu satya prakAzana ke rUpoM meM yugAnukUla parivartana honA svAbhAvika hai| mAnava-samAja sthitizIla nahIM rahatA balki nirantara gati karatA rahatA hai| gati kA artha hotA hai-eka sthAna para Tike nahI raheM to paristhitiyoM kA parivartana avazyaMbhAvI hai| manuSya eka cintaka aura vivekazIla prANI hai| vaha pragati bhI karatA hai to vigati bhii| kintu yaha satya hai ki vaha gati avazya karatA hai| isI gati-cakra meM pariprekSya bhI badalate rahate haiM / jisa dRSTi se eka tattva yA padArtha ko kala dekhA thA, zAyada samaya, sthiti Adi ke parivartana se vahI dRSTi Aja use kucha bhinna koNa se dekhe aura koNa bhI to deza, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se vadalate rahate haiM / ataH svastha dRSTikoNa yaha hogA ki parivartana ke pravAha ko bhI samajhA jAya tathA parivartana ke pravAha meM zAzvatatA tathA mUla vratoM ko kadApi vismRta na hone diyA jAya / donoM kA samanvita rUpa hI zreyaskara rahatA hai| isI dRSTikoNa se samatA-darzana ko bhI Aja hameM usake navIna pariprekSya meM dekhane evaM usake AdhAra para apanI AcaraNa-vidhi nirdhArita karane meM avazya hI jijJAsA rakhanI caahiye| Age isI jijJAsA se vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai / vaijJAnika vikAsa evaM sAmAjika zakti kA ubhAra : vaijJAnika sAdhanoM ke vikAsa ne mAnava-jIvana kI calI A rahI paramparA meM eka adbhuta krAnti kI hai / vyakti kI jAna-pahicAna kA dAyarA jo pahale bahuta choTA thA, samaya evaM dUrI para vijJAna kI vijaya ne use atyadhika vistRta banA diyA hai| Aja sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa vyakti kA bhI pratyakSa paricaya kAphI bar3ha gayA hai / reDiyo, TelivIjana evaM samAcArapatroM ke mAdhyama se to usakI jAnakArI kA kSetra samUce jJAta vizva taka phaila gayA hai| isa vistRta paricaya ne vyakti ko adhikAdhika sAmAjika banA diyA hai, kyoMki upayogI padArthoM ke vistAra se usakA ekAvalambana TUTa sA gayA aura samAja kA avalambana paga-paga para Avazyaka ho gayA / adhika paricaya se adhika samparka aura adhika sAmAjikatA phailane lagI / sAmAjikatA ke prasAra kA artha huA sAmAjika zakti kA nayA ubhAra / jaba taka vyakti kA prabhAva adhika thA, samAja kA sAmUhika zakti ke rUpa meM prabhAva nagaNya thA / ataH vyakti kI sarvocca pratibhA se hI sAre samAja ko kisI prakAra kA mArga

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sAmAjika saMdarbha darzana saMbhava thA / taba rAjanIti aura arthanIti kI dhurI bhI vyakti ke hI cAroM ora ghUmatI thI / rAjataMtra kA pracalana thA aura rAjA Izvara kA rUpa samajhA jAtA thA / usakI icchA kA pAlana hI kAnUna thA / arthanIti bhI rAjA ke zrAzraya meM hI calatI thii| para vaijJAnika vikAsa evaM sAmAjika zakti ke ubhAra ne ava parivartana ke cakra ko tejI se ghumA diyA hai / , rAjanItika evaM Arthika samatA kA cintana : 44 Adhunika itihAsa kA yaha bahuta lambA adhyAya hai ki kisa prakAra vibhinna dezoM me janatA ko rAjataMtra se kaThina aura balidAnI lar3AiyAM lar3anI par3I tathA dIrgha saMgharSa ke bAda alaga-alaga dezoM meM alaga-alaga samaya meM vaha rAjataMtra kI niraMkuzatA se mukta ho sakI / isa mukti ke sAtha hI lokataMtra kA itihAsa prArambha hotA hai / janatA kI icchA kA bala prakaTa hone lagA aura jana pratinidhyAtmaka sarakAroM kI racanA zurU huI / isake AdhAra para saMsadIya lokataMtra kI nIva par3I / lokataMtra vaha zAsana vyavasthA hai jo janatA kI janatA ke dvArA tathA janatA ke liye ho / isa vyavasthA meM eka vyakti kI nahIM valki samUha kI icchA prabhAvazIla hotI hai / vyakti acchA bhI ho sakatA hai aura burA bhI tathA eka hI vyakti eka bAra acchA ho' sakatA hai to dUsarI vAra burA bhI, grataH eka vyakti kI icchA para agaNita vyakti nirbhara raheM, yaha samatA kI dRSTi se nyAyocita nahIM mAnA jAne lagA / samUha kI icchA yakAyaka nahI badalatI aura na hI anucita kI ora grAsAnI se jA sakatI hai, ataH samUha kI icchA ko pramukhatA dene kA prayatna hI lokataMtra ke rUpa meM sAmane AyA / lokataMtra ke rUpa meM rAjanItika samAnatA kI sthApanA huI / choTe-bar3e pratyeka nAgarika ko eka mata samAna rUpa se dene kA avikAra hai aura vahumata milAkara apane pratinidhi kA cunAva kiyA jAya / yaha pakSa alaga hai ki vyakti apane svArthI ke vazIbhUta hokara kisa prakAra acchI se acchI vyavasthA ko bhI tahasa-nahasa kara sakate haiM, kintu lokataMtra kA vyeya yahI hai ki sarvajana sAmya ke liye vyakti kI uddAma kAmanAoM para niyaMtraNa rakhA jAya / cintana kI pragati ke sAtha isI vyeya ko prArthika evaM sAmAjika kSetroM meM bhI saphala banAne ke prayAsa prArambha hue| ina prayAsoM ne manuSyakRta grArthika vipamatA para karArI coTeM kI aura jina sAmAjika siddhAntoM kA nirmANa kiyA, unameM samAjavAda evaM sAmyavAda pramukha hai / ina siddhAntoM kA vikAsa bhI dhIre-dhIre hugrA aura kArla mArksa ne sAmyavAda ke rUpa meM isa yuga meM eka pUrA jIvana-darzana- prastuta kiyA / yuga alaga-alaga thA, kintu krAnti kI jo dhArA parigraha ke rUpa meM mahAvIra ne pravAhita kI, vaicArika dRSTi se kArla mArksa para bhI usakA kucha prabhAva thA / kArla mArksa ko bhI yahI tar3apa thI ki yaha artha vyaktigata. svAmitva ke vandhanoM se chUTa kara jana-jana ke kalyANa kA sAghana vana sake / vyaktigata svAmitva ke chUTane kA artha hogA parigraha kA mamattva chUTanA / sampatti para sArvajanika . svAmittva kI sthApanA se dhanalolupatA nahI rahatI hai / mAnavatA pramukha rahe aura dhana usake sAdhana rUpa meM gauNa sthAna para, eka parivAra kI taraha sAre samAja meM aArthika evaM sAmAjika samAnatA kA prasAra honA cAhiye /

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samatA-darzana : aAdhunika pariprekSya meM artha kA:nartha miTe: sAmAjika jIvana ke vaijJAnika vikAsa kI ora dRSTipAta kareM to vidita hogA ki isa prakriyA meM artha kA bhArI prabhAva rahA hai| jisa varga ke hAthoM meM artha kA niyaMtraNa rahA; . usI ke hAthoM meM sAre samAja kI sattA simaTI rahI valki . yoM kahanA cAhiye ki samAja ke vibhinna kSetroM meM samatA prApta karane ke jo prayatna cale athavA ki jo prayatna saphala bhI ho gaye--artha kI sattA vAloM ne unheM naSTa kara diyA / Aja bhI isI artha ke anartha rUpa jagaha lokataMtra kI athavA sAmyavAda taka ko pratikriyAeM bhI dUpita banAI jA rahI haiN| sampatti ke anubhava kA udaya taba humrA mAnA jAtA hai jaba manuSya kA prakRti kA nikhAlisa Azraya chUTa gayA aura use arjana ke karmakSetra meM praveza karanA pdd'aa| jisake hAtha meM arjana evaM saMcaya kA sUtra rahAsattA kA sUtra bhI usI ne pakar3A / Adhunika yuga meM pUMjIvAda evaM sAmrAjyavAda taka kI gati isI paripATI para calI jo vyaktivAdI niyantraNa para bAMdhArita rahI athavA yoM kaheM ki artha ke anartha kA vipamatama rUpa ina praNAliyoM ke rUpa meM sAmane AyA jinakA pariNAma vizva yuddha narasaMhAra evaM Arthika zopaNa ke rUpa meM phUTatA rahA hai| .." artha kA artha java taka vyakti ke liye hI aura vyakti ke niyaMtraNa meM rahegA tava naka vaha anartha kA mUla bhI banA rahegA kyoMki vaha use tyAga kI ora bar3hane se rokegA, usakI parigraha-mUrchA ko kATane meM kaThinAI AtI rhegii| isaliye artha kA artha samAja se jur3a jAya aura usameM vyakti kI arthAkAMkSAoM ko khula kara khelane kA avasara na ho to saMbhava hai, artha ke anartha ko miTAyA jA ske| donoM chora paraspara pUraka baneM : ye sAre prayoga phira bhI vAhya prayoga hI haiM aura vAhya prayoga tabhI saphala bana sakate haiM, jaba antara kA gharAtala una prayogoM kI saphalatA ke anukUla banA liyA gayA ho / takalI se sUta kAtA jAtA hai aura kate hue sUta se vastra banAkara kisI bhI naMge badana ko DhakA jA sakatA hai lekina koI duSTa prakRti kA manuSya takalI se sUta na kAtakara use kisI dUsare kI aAMkha meM ghuser3a de to kyA hama use takalI kA dopa mAne ? sajjana prakRti kA manuSya burAI meM bhI acchAI ko hI dekhatA hai lekina duSTa prakRti kA manuSya acche se acche sAdhana se bhI burAI karane kI kuceSTA karatA rahatA hai / / -- eka hI kArya ke ye do chora haiN| vyakti prAtma niyaMtraNa evaM AtmasAdhanA se zreSTha prakRtiyoM meM DhalatA huA uccatama vikAsa kare aura sAdhAraNa rUpa se aura usako sAdhAraNa sthiti meM sAmAjika niyaMtraNa se usako samatA kI lIka para calAne kI praNAliyAM nirmita kI jAya / ye donoM chora eka dUsare ke pUraka vaneM Apasa meM jur3e, taba vyakti se samAja aura samAja se vyakti kA nirmANa sahaja bana skegaa| - sAmAnya sthiti adhikAMzataH aisI hI rahatI hai ki samAja ke vahusaMkhyaka loga sAmAnya mAnasa ke hote haiM jina para kisI na kisI prakAra kA niyaMtraNa rahe to ve sAmAnya

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sAmAjika saMdarbha gati se calate rahate haiM, varanA rAste se bhaTaka jAnA unake liye prAsAna hotA hai / to jI loga pravuddha hote hai ve svayaM bhraSTa na hokara apanI satcetanA ko jAgRta rakhate hue yadi aisI sAmAjika sthitiyAM banAyeM jo sAmAnya jana ke naitika vikAsa ko protsAhita karatI hoM to vaha sarnathA vAMchanIya mAnA jAyagA / naye mAnavIya mUlyoM kI pratiSThA : vartamAna viSamatA kI karkaza dhvaniyoM ke vIca Aja sAhasa karake samatA ke samarasa svaroM ko sArI dizAoM meM gujAyamAna karane kI AvazyakatA hai| sampUrNa mAnava samAja hI nahIM, samUcA prANI samAja bhI ina svaroM se pAlhAdita ho utthegaa| jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM phailI viSamatA ke viruddha manuSya ko saMgharSa karanA hI hogA kyoMki manuSyatA kA isa viSama vAtAvaraNa meM nirantara hrAsa hotA hI jA rahA hai / yaha dhra va satya hai ki manuSya giratA, uThatA aura badalatA rahegA kintu samUce taura para manuSyatA kabhI samApta nahIM ho sakegI aura Aja bhI manuSyatA kA astitva DUbegA nahIM / vaha so sakatI hai, mara nahIM sakatI aura aba samaya A gayA hai jaba manupyatA kI sajIvatA lekara manupya ko uThanA hogA-jAganA hogA aura krAnti kI patAkA ko uThAkara parivartana kA cakra ghumAnA hogaa| krAnti yahI ki vartamAna viSamatAjanya sAmAjika mUlyoM ko haTAkara samatA ke naye mAnavIya mUlyoM kI sthApanA kI jAya / isake liye pravuddha eva yuvA varga ko vizeSa rUpa se Age AnA hogA aura vyApaka jAgaraNa kA zaMkha phUMkanA hogA tAki samatA ke samarasa svara udbhUta ho skeN| samatA-darzana kA nayA prakAza : satyAMzoM ke saMcaya se samatA darzana kA jo satya hamAre sAmane prakaTa hotA hai, use yathA-zakti yathAsAdhya sabake samakSa prastuta karane kA namra prayAsa yahAM kiyA jA rahA hai| yaha yugAnukUla samatA-darzana kA nayA prakAza phailA kara, preraNA evaM racanA kI naI anubhUtiyoM ko sajaga banA skegaa| samatA darzana ko apane navIna evaM sampUrNa pariprekSya meM samajhane ke liye usake nimna cAra sopAna banAye gaye hai : (1) siddhAnta-darzana-mAnava hI nahIM, prANI samAja se sambandhita sabhI kSetroM meM yathArtha dRSTi, vastusvarUpa, uttaradAyitva tathA zuddha kartavyAkartavya kA jJAna evaM samyak, sarvAgINa va sampUrNa carama vikAsa kI sAdhanA samatA siddhAnta kA mUlAdhAra hai / isa pahale sopAna para, pahale siddhAnta ko pramukhatA dI gaI hai| (2) jIvana-darzana-sabake liye eka va eka ke liye saba tathA jIyo va jIne do ke pratipAdaka siddhAntoM tathA saMyama-niyamoM ko svayaM ke va samAja ke jIvana meM prAcarita karanA samatA kA jIvanta darzana karanA hogaa| (3) prAtma-darzana-samatApUrNa AcAra kI pRSThabhUmi para jisa prakAza svarUpa cetanA kA AvirbhAva hogA, use satat va satsAdhanA pUrNa sevA tathA svAnubhUti ke bala para puSTa

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samatA-darzana : Adhunika pariprekSya meM karate hue vasudhaiva kuTumbakam kI vyApaka bhAvanA meM zrAtma-visarjita ho jAnA samatA kA unnAyaka caraNa hogA / 47 (4) paramAtmA darzana--- Atma visarjana ke bAda prakAza meM prakAza ke samAna mila jAne kI yaha carama sthiti hai / tava manuSya na kevala eka AtmA apitu sAre prANI samAja ko apanI sevA va samatA kI paridhi meM antarnihita kara lene ke kAraNa ujjvalatama svarUpa prApta karake svayaM paramAtmA ho jAtA hai / AtmA kA parama svarUpa hI samatA kA carama svarUpa hotA hai / ina cAra sopAnoM para gahana vicAra se samatA darzana kI zreSThatA anubhUta ho sakegI zrIra isa anubhUti ke bAda hI vyavahAra kI rUpa-rekhA saralatApUrvaka hRdayaMgama kI jA sakegI / ANGG

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mAMgalika virAsata . . . . padmabhUSaNa paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI sAmAnya virAsata : . __ sAdhAraNa taura para hameM tIna prakAra kI virAsata milatI hai-zArIrika, sAMpattika aura sAMskArika / mAtA-pitA aura gurujanoM kI ora se zarIra ke rUpa, AkAra Adi guraNadharma kI jo virAsata milatI hai, vaha hai zArIrika viraast| mAtA-pitA yA anya kisI se virAsata meM jo saMpatti milatI hai, vaha hai sAMpattika virAsata / tIsarI hai sAMskArika / saMskAra mAtA-pitA se milate haiM, zikSaka aura mitroM se bhI milate haiM aura jisa samAja meM hamArI paravariza hotI hai, usa samAja se bhI milate haiM / yaha ThIka hai ki jIvana jIne ke lie, usako vikasita karane aura samRddha banAne ke lie tInoM virAsatoM kA mahattva hai, kintu ina tInoM meM saMjIvanI kI navacetanA dAkhila karane vAlI virAsata alaga hI hai aura isIlie vaha cauthI virAsata maMgala rUpa hai / sAmAnya jIvana jIne meM prathama tIna virAsateM sAdhana rUpa vanatI haiM, upayogI hotI haiM, kintu cauthI mAMgalika virAsata ke abhAva meM manuSya kA jIvana unnata nahIM banatA, dhanya nahIM banatA / yahI cauthI virAsata kI vizeSatA hai| yaha koI niyama nahIM ho sakatA ki mAMgalika virAsata hameM mAtA-pitA, anya gurujana yA sAdhAraNa samAja se milegI hI, phira bhI kisI bhinna pravAha se vaha jarUra milatI hai| mAMgalika virAsata : zArIrika, sAMpattika aura sAMskArika virAsata syUla indriyoM se samajhI jA sakatI hai, parantu cauthI virAsata ke sambandha meM yaha bAta nahIM kaha sakate / jisa manuSya ko prajJAindriya prApta ho, jisakA saMvedana sUkSma-sUkSmatara ho, vahI isa virAsata ko samajha sakatA hai yA grahaNa kara sakatA hai / anya virAsateM jIvana ke rahate hue yA mRtyu ke samaya naSTa hotI haiM. jabaki isa mArgAlaka virAsata ko kabhI nAza nahIM hotaa| eka bAra usane cetanA meM praveza kiyA ki vaha janma-janmAntara calegI, uttarottara usakA vikAsa hotA rahegA aura vaha aneka logoM ko saMplAvita bhI kregii| mahAvIra kI virAsata : jo maMgala virAsata bhagavAna mahAvIra ne hameM mauMpI hai, vaha kauna-sI hai ? eka bAta hama pahale hI spaSTa samajha leM / yahAM hama mukhyataH siddhArtha-nandana yA trizalA-putra sthUla dehadhArI mahAvIra ke sambandha meM nahIM soca rahe haiN| zuddha-buddha aura vAsanAmukta cetana-svarUpa mahAna vIra ko vyAna meM rakha kara yahAM maiM mahAvIra kA nirdeza kara rahA huuN| aise, mahAvIra

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mAMgalika virAsata 46 NAYJAANTI--- meM siddhArtha-naMdana kA samAveza ho hI jAtA hai / isake alAvA isameM unake sadRza sabhI zuddhabuddha cetanAoM kA samAveza hotA hai / mahAvIra meM jAta-pAMta yA deza-kAla kA koI bheda nhiiN| ve vItarAgAdveta-rUpa se eka hI haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jo maMgala virAsata hameM sauMpI hai, vaha unhoMne kevala vicAra meM hI saMgRhIta nahIM rakhI, jIvana meM utAra kara paripakva karane ke bAda hI unhoMne use hamAre samakSa rakhA hai| __bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pradatta virAsata ko saMkSepa meM cAra vibhAgoM meM bAMTa sakate haiM : (1) jIvana-dRSTi, (2) jIvana-zuddhi, (3) jIvana-paddhati meM parivartana aura (4) purupArtha / (1) jIvana-dRSTi: hama prathama yaha dekheM ki bhagavAn kI jIvana-dRSTi kyA thI / jIvana kI dRSTi yAnI usake mUlyAMkana kI dRSTi / hama saba apane-apane jIvana kA mUlya samajhate haiN| jisa parivAra, jisa gAMva, jisa samAja aura jisa rASTra ke sAtha hamArA sambandha ho, usake jIvana kI kImata bhI samajhate haiM / usase Age bar3hakara pUre mAnava-samAja kI ora usase bhI Age jA kara hamAre sAtha sambandha rakhane vAle pazu-pakSI ke jIvana kI bhI kImata samajhate haiM / kintu mahAvIra kI svasaMvedana dRSTi usase bhI Age bar3hI huI thii| ve aise dhairya-saMpanna aura sUkSma-prajJa the ki kITa-pataMga to kyA, pAnI-vanaspati jaisI jIvana-zUnya mAnI gayI bhautika vastuoM meM bhI unhoMne jIvana tattva dekhA thA / mahAvIra ne apanI jIvana-dRSTi logoM ke sAmane rakhI, taba yaha nahIM socA ki kauna use grahaNa kregaa| unhoMne itanA hI socA ki kAla niravadhi hai, pRthvI vizAla hai, kabhI to koI use samajhegA hii| ___ mahAvIra ne apane prAcIna upadeza-graMtha AcArAMga meM yaha bAta bahuta sarala bhASA meM rakhI hai / aura kahA hai ki hara eka ko jIvana priya hai, jaisA hameM khuda ko| bhagavAn kI sarala aura sarvagrAhya dalIla itanI hI hai, 'maiM Ananda aura sukha cAhatA hUM, isalie maiM khuda huuN| phira usI nyAya se prAnanda aura sukha cAhane vAle anya choTe-bar3e prANI bhI hoNge| aisI sthiti meM yaha kaise kaha sakate hai ki manuSya meM hI prAtmA hai, pazu-pakSI meM hI AtmA hai aura dUsaroM meM nahIM hai ? kITa-pataMga to apanI-apanI paddhati se sukha khojate hI haiM / sUkSmatama vAnaspatika jIvasRSTi meM bhI saMtati, janana aura popaNa kI prakriyA agamya rIti se calatI hI rahatI hai| bhagavAn kI yaha dalIla thI aura isI dalIla ke AdhAra para se unhoMne pUre vizva meM apane jaisA hI cetana tattva bharA huA, ullasita huA dekhA / usako dhAraNa karane vAle tathA nibhAne vAle zarIra aura indriyoM ke AkAra-prakAra meM kitanA bhI aMtara ho, kAryazakti meM bhI aMtara ho, phira bhI tAtvika rUpa se sarva meM vyApta cetanatattva eka hI prakAra se vilAsa kara rahA hai| bhagavAn kI isa jIvana-dRSTi ko hama Atmaupamya dRSTi kaheMge / tAtvika rUpa se, jaise hama hai vaise hI choTe-bar3e sarva prANI haiN| jo anya jIvaprANI rUpa haiM, ve bhI kabhI vikAsa-krama meM mAnava-bhUmi ko sparza karate haiM aura mAnava-bhUmiprApta jIva bhI avakrAMti-krama meM kabhI anya prANI kA svarUpa dhAraNa karate haiN| isa prakAra kI utkrAMti aura avakrAMti kA cakra calatA rahatA hai, lekina usase mUla cetana tattva ke

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sAmAjika saMdarbha svarUpa meM kucha bhI antara nahIM hotaa| jo kucha bhI antara hotA hai, vaha vyAvahArika antara hai| (2) jIvana-zuddhi : bhagavAna kI Atmaupamya-dRSTi meM jIvana-guddhi kA prazna A hI jAtA hai / ajJAta kAla se cetana kA prakAza bhI AvRtta ho, DhakA huA ho, usakA AvirbhAva kamavaMzI ho, phira bhI zakti to usakI pUrNa vikAsa kI, pUrNa zuddhi kI hai hii| jIvatattva meM agara pUrNa zuddhi kI zakyatA na ho, to AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA koI artha hI nahIM rahatA / sacce AdhyAtmika anubhava saMpanna vyaktiyoM kI pratIti hara jagaha eka hI prakAra kI hai, 'cetana: tattva mUla meM zuddha hai, vAsanA aura saMga se pRthaka hai / ' zuddha cetanatattva para vAsanA yA karma kI jo chAyA uThatI hai, vaha usakA mUla svarUpa nhiiN| mUla svarUpa to usase bhinna hI hai| yaha jIvana-zuddhi kA siddhAnta huaa| (3) jIvana-paddhati : __agara tAtvika rUpa se jIvana kA svarUpa zuddha hI hai, to phira usa svarUpa ko prApta karane ke lie kyA kareM, yaha sAdhanA-viSayaka prazna khar3A hotA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa prazna kA javAba dete hue kahA hai ki jahAM taka jIvana-paddhati kA parivartana nahIM hotA hai, prAtmaupamya-dRSTi aura yAtmazuddhi sAdhya ho isa prakAra jIvana meM parivartana nahIM hotA hai, tava taka Atmaupamya aura jIvana-zuddhi kA anubhava nahIM AtA / jIvana-paddhati ke parivartana ko jaina zailI meM caraNakaraNa kahate haiM / vyavahArika bhASA meM usakA artha itanA hI haivilakula sarala, sAdA aura niSkapaTa jIvana jInA / vyAvahArika jIvana Atmaupamya dRSTi aura jIvana kI zuddhi para ke prAvaraNa, mAyA ke parade bar3hAte jAne kA sAdhana nahIM hai, balki vaha sAdhana hai usa dRSTi aura usa zuddhi ko sAdhane kA / jIvana-paddhati ke parivartana meM eka hI vAta mukhya samajhane kI hai aura vaha yaha ki prApta sthUla sAdhanoM kA upayoga isa prakAra na kareM, jisase ki usameM hama khuda hI kho jaayeN| (4) puruSArtha-parAkrama : yaha saba bAta sahI hai, phira bhI socanA yaha par3atA hai ki yaha saba kaise sacegA ? jisa samAja meM jisa loka pravAha meM hama rahate haiM, usameM to aisA kucha hotA huA dikhAyI nahIM detA / kyA Izvara kI yA koI aisI daivI zakti nahIM hai jo hamArA hAtha pakar3e aura lokapravAha kI viruddha dizA meM hameM le jAye, Upara uThAye ? isakA uttara mahAvIra ne svAnubhava se diyA hai / unhoMne kahA hai ki isake lie purupArtha hI Avazyaka hai| jaba taka koI bhI sAdhaka svayaM puruSArtha nahIM karatA, vAsanAoM ke dabAva kA sAmanA nahIM karatA, usake AghAta-pratyAghAta se kSubdha na hote aDigatA se jUjhane kA parAkrama nahIM karatA, tava taka Upara kahI huI eka bhI vAta siddha nahIM hotii| usI kAraNa unhoMne kahA hai, saMjamammi' dIriyam, arthAt saMyama, cAritrya, sAdA rahana-sahana, ina sabake lie parAkrama kreN| vAstava meM, mahAvIra koI nAma nahIM hai, vizepaNa hai / jo isa prakAra kA mahAna vIrya-parAkrama dikhAte haiM, ve saba mahAvIra haiM / isameM siddhArtha naMdana to A hI jAte haiM, aura anya aise sAre adhyAtma-parAkramI bhI A jAte haiN| hama niHzaMkatA se dekha sakate haiM ki jo mAMgalika

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mAMgalika virAsata virAsata mahAvIra ke upadeza se milatI hai, vahI upaniSad se bhI milatI hai / aura, buddha tathA aise hI anya mahAn vIroM ne usake alAvA aura kahA bhI kyA hai ? mahAvIra yAnI bhUmA : isI artha meM, agara meM upaniSad kA zabda 'bhUmA' istemAla kara kahUM ki mahAvIra yAnI bhUmA, aura vahI brahma, to usameM koI asaMgati nahIM hogii| mahAvIra bhUmA the, mahAn the isI kAraNa ve sukha rUpa the, isI kAraNa ve amRta the / unheM duHkha kabhI sparza nahIM kara sakatA, unakI kabhI mRtyu nahIM hotii| duHkha aura mRtyu 'alpa' kI hotI hai, 'hrasva dRSTiyukta' kI hotI hai, pAmara kI hotI hai, vAsanA-baddha kI hotI hai / usakA sambandha sirpha sthUla aura sUkSma zarIra ke sAtha hI saMbhava hai / jisa mahAvIra ke sambandha meM maiM bola rahA hUM, vaha to sthUla-sUkSma ubhaya zarIra se pare hone se 'bhUmA' hai, 'alpa' nahIM / vindu meM sindhu: ____itihAsakAra kI paddhati se socane para yaha prazna sahaja hI paidA hotA hai ki mahAvIra ne jo maMgala virAsata anyoM ko dI, vaha unhoMne kisase, kisa prakAra prApta kI ? isakA uttara sarala hai / zAstra meM kahA hai, aura vyavahAra meM bhI kahA jAtA hai ki vindu meM siMdhu samAtA hai / sunane para yaha ulaTA-sA lagatA hai| kahAM vindu aura kahA sindhu ? sindhu meM to vindu rahatA hai, kintu vindu meM sindhu kisa taraha raha sakatA hai ? phira bhI yaha vAta vilakula sahI hai / mahAvIra ke sthUla jIvana kA parimita kAla samudra kA eka bindu mAtra hai / bhUtakAla to bhUta hai, satarUpa meM se rahatA nahIM / / hama kalpanA nahIM kara sakate utanI tvarA se vaha AtA hai, aura jAtA hai, kintu usameM saMcita hue saMskAra naye-naye vartamAna ke vindu meM samAte jAte hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jIvana meM jo AdhyAtmika virAsata prApta kI aura siddha kI, vaha unake puruSArtha kA phala hai, yaha sahI hai, kintu unake pIche ajJAta bhUtakAla kI usI virAsata kI satata paramparA rahI hai| koI unheM RSabha, neminAtha yA pArzvanAtha Adi kI paramparA ke kaha sakate haiM. kintu maiM usako eka ardhasatya ke taura para hI svIkAra karatA huuN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pahale mAnava-jAti ne aise aneka mahApuruSa paidA kiye haiN| ve cAhe kisI bhI nAma se prasiddha hue hoM yA ajJAta bhI rahe hoM, unasamagra AdhyAtmika puruSoM kI sAdhanA-saMpatti mAnava-jAti meM uttarottara isa prakAra saMkrAnta hotI rahI ki aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki yaha sArI saMpatti kisI eka ne hI sAdhI hai / aisA kahanA kevala bhakti kathana hogA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhI aise hI AdhyAtmika kAla srota se uparokta mAMgalika virAsata prApta kI aura svapurupArtha se usako saMjIvita kara vizeSa rUpa se vikasita kiyA tathA use dezakAlAnukUla samRddha kara hamAre sAmane rakhA / maiM nahIM jAnatA ki unake uttarakAlIna tyAgI saMtoM ne use mAMgalika virAsata se kitanA prApta kiyA aura kitanA sAdhA, kintu kaha sakate haiM ki usa vindu meM, jaise. bhUtakAla kA mahAn samudra samAviSTa hai, vaise hI bhavipya kA ananta samudra bhI usa vindu meM samAviSTa hai, arthAta bhaviSya kI dhArA usI vindu dvArA calegI aura anavarata clegii|

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11 23 VAA mahAvIra : bApU wwwwww wwow " @ ke sUla preraNA-srota 0 bhAgacanda jaina sio bhagavAna mahAvIra aura bApU apane-apane yuga ke krAntikArI mahApuruSa the / unhoMne samayAnusAra janasamAja meM grArthika, rAjanItika, sAmAjika, zrAvyAtmika aura sAMskRtika krAMti kA bIr3A uThAyA jisakA mUla AdhAra mAnavatA kA adhikAdhika saMrakSaNa karanA thA / lagabhaga 2500 varSa pUrva bhagavAna mahAvIra kA AvirbhAva huA thaa| samUcA bhAratavarSa unake vyaktitva aura vicAroM se prabhAvita thA / Aja bhI unake anuyAyI - jaina pratyeka prAnta meM phaile hue haiM aura deza kI abhivRddhi karane meM apanA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna de rahe haiM / vizeSataH gujarAta kI pAvana vasundharA prArambha se hI jaina zikSA aura saMskRti meM agraNI rahI hai / vApU kI bhI janmabhUmi hone kA use saubhAgya milA hai / phalataH jaina siddhAntoM se bApU kA prabhAvita honA svAbhAvika nahIM hai / pArivArika pRSThabhUmi : dharma sahiSNutA / yadyapi vApU ke pitA vaiSNava sampradAya ke anuyAyI the parantu parivAra para jaina dharma ke AcAra-vicAra kA bhI prabhAva kama nahIM thA mahAvIra kI dharmasahiSNutA kA pATha bAppU ko apane pArivArika vAtAvaraNa se milA / jaina dharma ke prAcAryoM aura vidvAnoM ke lie bhI usa parivAra se sadaiva zrAdara-sammAna milatA rhaa| ve java bhI prAte unase dhArmika tatvacarcA hotI rahatI / jaina bhikSutroM ke Ane para unheM bhikSA dekara nizcita rUpa se sammAnita kiyA jAtA thA / bhikSu vecara svAmI to vApU ke parivAra ke mAno salAhakAra hI the / unakI salAha sahamati ke vinA prAya: koI bhI mahatvapUrNa kArya hAtha meM nahIM liyA jAtA thA / ' rAyacanda bhAI : eka AdhyAtmika guru vApU ko vAlyAvasthA se hI jaina saMskRti kA pariveza milA hai / isalie unake pratyeka siddhAnta meM jaina-yAcAra-vicAra kA prabhAva pratyakSa-apratyakSa rUpa se dekhA jA sakatA hai / una para jaina saMskRti ke prabhAva kA uttaradAyitva rAyacanda bhAI ko vizeSa rUpa se diyA jA sakatA hai / bApU ne svayaM ekAdhika vAra kahA hai tIna mahApuruSoM ne chor3A hai - TAlasTAya, raskina aura ki "mere jIvana para sarvAdhika prabhAva rAyacanda bhAI / TAlasTAya ne apanI 1 - grAtmarakSA : anuvAdaka, poddAra, pR0 26-57 /

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mahAvIra : bApU ke mUla preraNA-srota pustakoM dvArA aura unake sAtha hue thor3e patra-vyavahAra se, raskina ne apanI eka hI pustaka 'anTu di lAsTa' se jisake gujarAtI anuvAda kA nAma maiMne 'sarvodaya' rakhA, aura rAyacanda bhAI ne apane gAr3ha paricaya se / inameM rAyacanda bhAI ko maiM prathama sthAna detA huuN|" . yaha bAta kisI se chipI nahIM ki zatAvadhAnI kavi rAyacanda svayaM jaina the aura jaina dharma ke eka pravuddha vicAraka bhI the / 'yAtma kathA' meM bApU ne unake vipaya meM likhA hai"unakA (rAyacanda kA) gambhIra zAstrajJAna, zuddha cAritrya, aura prAtmadarzana kI utkaTa lagana kA prabhAva mujha para par3A / usa samaya yadyapi mujhe dharmacarcA meM adhika rasa nahIM milatA thA para rAyacanda bhAI kI dharmacarcA ko manoyoga se sunatA thA, samajhatA thA aura usameM rucipUrvaka bhAga letA thaa| usake bAda aneka dharmAcAryoM ke samparka meM Ane kA saubhAgya mujhe milA para jo chApa mujha para rAyacanda bhAI ne DAlI vaha dUsarA koI nahIM DAla sakA / unake bahutere vacana soce antara meM utara jAte / unakI buddhi aura saccAyo ke lie mere mana meM Adara thaa|" - rAyacanda bhAI bApU ke samavayaska the| ve vApU se lagabhaga do varSa bar3e the| prArambha meM unheM vaiSNavI vAtAvaraNa milA parantu zIghra hI ve jaina dharma kI ora jhuka gaye aura bAlyAvasthA meM hI pUrNa jaina ho gaye / bApU se jaina ho jAne ke bAda hI unakA samparka hunA hogaa| donoM kA yaha samparka san 1861 meM hugrA / rAyacanda bhAI para gAMdhI jI ko bahuta vizvAsa thaa| unhoMne apanI 'AtmakathA' meM likhA hai-"maiM jAnatA thA ki ve (rAyacanda bhAI) "mujhe jAna-bUjhakara ulTe rAste nahIM le jAveMge evaM mujhe vahI bAta kaheMge jise ve apane jI meM ThIka samajhate hoMge / isa kAraNa maiM apanI AdhyAtmika kaThinAiyoM meM unakA prAzraya letaa|" aphrIkA meM IsAI sajjanoM ne gAMdhI jI ko IsAI dharma meM parivartita karane kA yathAzakya prayatla kiyA / usakA phala yaha huA ki unako vaidika dharma meM vicikitsA paidA ho gii| use dUra karane ke lie unhoMne yahAM rAyacanda bhAI se patra-vyavahAra kiyaa| unake uttara se vApU ko santopa huA aura yaha vizvAsa pA gayA ki vaidika dharma meM unheM jo bhI cAhie, mila sakatA hai / isase patA calatA hai ki bApU ke mana meM rAyacanda bhAI ke prati kitanA sammAna rahA hogaa| kavi rAyacandajI ke samparka se vApU ko jaina siddhAntoM ke viSaya meM bhI paryApta jAnakArI ho gaI thI / phalataH unakA AdhyAtmika mAnasa jaina siddhAntoM se prabhAvita hue vinA nahIM rahA / mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita sArvabhaumika ahiMsA kI pRSThabhUmi meM unake prAyaH sabhI prAcAra-vicAra jAgarita hue / rAyacanda bhAI ke udbodhana ke kAraNa bApUjI dakSiNa aphrIkA meM aneka avasara Ane para bhI dharma se vicalita nahIM ho paaye| donoM mahApurupoM ke bIca patra-vyavahAra anta taka calatA rhaa| rAyacanda bhAI ne bApU ko pustakeM bhI bhejI jinakA 1-vahI, pR0 166 /

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4 unhoMne manoyoga pUrvaka avyayana kiyaa| una pustakoM meM 'paMjIkaraNa', 'maNiratnamAlA', 'yogavAsiSThikA', mumukSuprakaraNa' evaM 'haribhadrasUri kA 'paDadarzana samuccaya' pramukha thIM / aparigrahazIlatA : sAmAjika sandarbha bApUjI parigrahaNIlatA kI pratimUrti the / jaina dharma ke anusAra vItarAgI zrIra parigrahI vyakti hI mokSa kA avikArI hotA hai / vApU ise acchI taraha jAnate the / isa sandarbha meM unhoMne likhA hai ki vAhyADambara se manuSya vItarAgI nahIM ho sakatA | zuddha vItarAgatA meM zrAtmA kI nirmalatA hai / yaha aneka janmoM ke prayatna ne mila sakatI hai / rogoM ko nikAlane kA prayatna karane vAlA yaha jAnatA hai ki roga rahita honA kitanA kaThina hai / mokSa kI prathama sIr3hI vItarAgatA hai / java taka jagata kI eka bhI vastu mana meM ramI hai taba taka mokSa kI bAta kaise acchI laga sakatI hai athavA lagatI bhI ho to kevala kAnoM ko / ThIka vaise hI jaise ki hameM artha ke samajhe binA kisI saMgIta kA kevala svara hI gracchA lagatA hai / isa prakAra kI kevala karNapriya kor3A meM vyartha samaya nikala jAtA hai aura mokSa kA anukUla grAcaraNa-patha dUra hotA calA jAtA hai / vastuta: grAntarika vairAgya ke vinA mokSa kI lagana nahIM hotI / isa vairAgya kI pUrva dazA se bApU pUrNa prabhAvita rahe hai / sarvadharma samabhAva : bApU jI ko sarvadharmasamabhAvI banane kA vAtAvaraNa vAlyAvasthA meM hI mila cukA thA / rAyacanda bhAI se ghaniSThatA hone para unake vicAroM meM aura bhI dRr3hatA AI / apanI 'grAtmakathA' meM unhoMne likhA hai- "zaMkara ho yA viSNu, brahmA ho yA indra, buddha ho yA siha, merA sira to usI ke Age jhukegA jo rAgadvepa rahita ho, jisane kAma ko jItA ho aura jo grahasA aura prema kI pratimA ho / " gAMdhIjI kI yaha sarvadharmasamabhAvitA nizcita hI jainavarma kI dena hai / jainadharma meM rAgAdika grapTAdaza dopoM se virahita vyakti vandanIya hotA hai | isa prasaMga meM jainAcArya hemacandra kA zloka smaraNa yAtA hai jisameM unhoMne samanvayAtmaka dRSTi se mAtra vItarAgI aura tarkasiddha bhApI ko namana karane kI pratijJA kI hai cAhe vaha tIrthaMkara ho yA granya koI vicAraka pakSapAto na me vIre na dveSaH kapilAdiSu / yuktimadvacanaM yasya tasya kAryaH pratigrahaH || dharma kI vyAkhyA : dharma zabda ke aneka artha haiM / jaina dharma meM una artho meM se kartavya rUpa artha kA adhika vizlepaNa kiyA gayA hai| gAMdhIjI ne rAyacanda bhAI ke mAdhyama se dharma ko isI rUpa meM samajhA thA / unhoMne 'grAtma kathA' meM isa tathya ko spaSTataH svIkAra kiyA hai / rAyacanda bhAI ne dharma kI vyAkhyA saMkIrNatA ke dAyare se haTakara sikhAI thI jisakA anukaraNa bApU ne anta taka kiyA / isa vyAkhyA ke anusAra dharma kA artha mata-matAntara nahIM / dharma kA artha zAstroM ke nAma se kahI jAne vAlI pustakoM kA par3ha jAnA, kaNThastha kara lenA athavA unameM jo kucha kahA gayA hai, use mAnanA bhI nahI hai / dharma to grAtmA

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mahAvIra : bApU ke mUla preraNA-srota kA guraNa hai aura vaha manuSya jAti meM dRzya athavA adRzya rUpa se maujUda hai | gharma se hama manuSya jIvana meM karttavya samajha sakate haiM / dharma dvArA dUsare jIvoM ke sAtha apanA saccA sambandha pahicAna sakate haiM / yaha dharma hI sva-para ke bheda kA vibhedaka hai / jaina dharma me ise hI bheda vijJAna kahA hai jo mukti prApti kA mUla kAraNa hai ? 55 bApU 'ke sattAvIsa prazna : bApU zrAtmArthI, guNagrAhI zrIra jijJAsu the / jIvanmukta dazA prApta karane ke icchuka the / dakSiNa aphrIkA meM pahuMcane para unakI yaha icchA zrora balavatI huI / rAyacanda bhAI para unako sarvAdhika zraddhA aura vizvAsa thA / phalataH bApU ne unase 27 prazna pUcha kareM apanI jijJAsA vyakta kI / unake hI zabdoM meM ye prazna isa prakAra haiM } (1) grAtmA kyA hai ? (2) Izvara kyA hai ? (3) mokSa kyA hai ? kyA vaha kucha karatI hai aura use karma duHkha detA hai yA nahIM ? Izvara jagat kA kartA hai, kyA yaha saca hai ? (4) mokSa milegA yA nahIM ? use isI deha meM nizcita rUpa se jAnA jA ! sakatA hai } yA nahIM / ( 5 ) aisA par3hane meM zrAyA hai ki manuSya deha chor3ane ke bAda karsa ke anusAra jAnavaroM meM janma letA hai / vaha patthara aura vRkSa bhI ho sakatA hai, kyA yaha ThIka hai ? (6) karma kyA hai ? (7) patthara athavA pRthvI kisI karma kA kartA hai kyA ? (5) Arya dharma kyA hai ? kyA sabhI kI utpatti veda se huI hai ? (e) veda kisane banAye ? kyA ve anAdi haiM ? yadi veda anAdi haiM to anAdi kA kyA artha ? (10) gItA kisane banAI ? vaha Izvara kRta to nahIM hai ? yadi IzvarakRta ho to kyA usakA koI pramANa hai ? 1. (11) pazu Adi kA yajJa karane se kyA thor3A sA bhI puNya hotA hai ? (12) jisa dharma ko zrApa uttama kahate ho, kyA usakA koI pramANa diyA jA sakatA hai ? (13) kyA Apa IsAI dharma ke viSaya meM jAnate haiM kucha ? yadi jAnate haiM to kyA zrapane vicAra prakaTa kareMge ? (14) IsAI loga yaha kahate haiM ki bAibila Izvara prerita hai / IsA Izvara kA avatAra hai| vaha usakA putra hai aura thA / kyA yaha sahI hai ? (15) purAne karAra meM ( prolDa TesTAmenTa meM ) jo bhaviSya kahA gayA hai, kyA vaha saba IsA ke viSaya meM ThIka-ThIka utarA hai ? 1 ---rAyacanda bhAI ke prAdhyAtmika patra /

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6 sAmAjika saMdarbha (16) isa prazna meM IsAmasIha ke camatkAra ke viSaya meM likhA hai / (17) grAge calakara kauna-sA janma hogA ? kyA isa bAta kI isa bhava meM jAnakArI ho sakatI hai ? grathavA pUrva meM kauna-sA janma thA, yaha jAnA jA sakatA hai ? (18) dUsare bhava kI jAnakArI kaise par3a sakatI hai ? ( 22 ) jina mokSa prApta puruSoM kA grApa ullekha karate ho, vaha kisa AdhAra se karate ho ? (20) buddha deva ne bhI mokSa nahIM pAyA, yaha grApa kisa grAdhAra ne kahate ho ? (21) duniyA kI antima sthiti kyA hogI ? (22) isa nIti meM se sunIti udbhUta hogI, kyA yaha ThIka hai ? (23) kyA duniyA meM pralaya hotA hai ? (24) anapar3ha ko bhakti karane se mokSa milatA hai / kyA yaha saca hai ? (25) kRSNAvatAra va rAmAvatAra kA honA kyA yaha saccI bAta hai ? (26) brahmA, viSNu aura mahezvara kauna the ? (27) yadi mujhe sarpa kATane yAve to usa samaya mujhe use kATane denA cAhie yA use mAra DAlanA cAhie ? yahAM aisA mAna lete haiM ki use kisI dUsarI taraha haTAne kI mujha meM zakti nahIM hai / bApU ke ina praznoM meM aneka prazna grAtmA, karga aura jagat ke sandarbha meM kie gae haiM / rAyacanda jI ne una sabhI kA yathocita uttara diyA jinase bApU ko santoSa bhI huA / 16 mArca, 1895 ke eka anya patra ke uttara meM rAyacanda bhAI ne jaina dharma ke anusAra grAtmA ke svarUpa ko upasthita kiyA aura anta meM likhA " tumhAre saMsAra-kleza se nivRtta hone kI sambhAvanA dekha kara mujhe svAbhAvika santoSa hotA hai / usa santopa meM merA kucha svArtha nahIM hai / mAtra tuma samAdhi ke mArga para grAnA cAhate ho, isa kAraNa saMsAra kleza se nivRtta hone kA tumako prasaMga prApta hogA / " rAyacanda bhAI ne grArya zrAcAra-vicAroM ko surakSita rakhane kI dRSTi se bApU ko aneka patra likhe the / prArya AcAra arthAt mukhya rUpa se dayA, satya, kSamA Adi guNoM kA AcaraNa karanA aura grArya vicAra arthAt mukhya rUpa se AtmA kA astitva, nityatva, vartamAna kAla meM usa svarUpa kA ajJAna tathA usa ajJAna ke kAraNoM ko samajhakara_ gravyAvAgha sukha kI prApti kA prayatna karanA / kavi rAyacanda ne yaha bhI sujhAva diyA thA ki dayA kI bhAvanA vizeSa rakhanI ho to jahA~ hiMsA ke sthAnaka haiM tathA vaise padArtha jahAM kharIde-bece jAte haiM, vahAM rahane athavA jAne jAne ke prasaMga nahIM Ane denA cAhie / anyathA apekSita dayA bhAvanA lupta hone lagatI hai / abhakSya padArtho ke sevana se bhI dUra rahanA cAhie | mAMsAdi makSaraNa se praruci : cApU ko mAMsa bhakSaNa se bar3I praruci thI / videza jAne ke pUrva jaina dharmAvalamvI

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mahAvIra : bApU ke mUla preraNA-srota vecara svAmI ke mAdhyama se vApU kI mAM ne unheM tIna pratijJAyeM dI, mAMsAhAra, madyapAna aura strI-gamana / Atma-kathA meM svayaM bApU ne likhA hai ki "mAMsAhAra se unake vimukha rahane kA kAraNa jainadharma kA prabhAva rahA hai / gujarAta meM jaina sampradAya kA bar3A jora thA / usakA prabhAva hara jagaha, hara pravRtti meM pAyA jAtA hai / isalie mAMsAhAra kA jo virodha, jaisA tiraskAra gujarAta meM jainoM tathA vaiSNavoM meM dikhAI detA hai vaisA bhArata yA anya dezoM meM kahIM nahIM dikhAI detA / maiM inhIM saMskAroM meM palA thaa|" gAMdhIjI ne ukta tInoM pratijJAyeM AjIvana bar3I saphalatApUrvaka nibhAI 11 ve anta taka zAkAhArI aura bhUtadayAvAdI rahe / patnI kI kaThora vImArI meM bhI bApU ne unheM aphrIkA meM mAMsa bhakSaNa nahIM kraayaa| sarvodayavAditA : gAMdhI jI pakke sarvodayavAdI the| unakA hara siddhAnta sarvodayavAda kI nIMva para nirmita thaa| dakSiNa aphrIkA ke pravAsa meM unhoMne raskina kI "andU di lAsTa" pustaka par3hI jisase ve bahuta prabhAvita hue / bApU ne usakA hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda "sarvodaya" nAma se kiyA / sarvodaya zabda kA pracAra yahIM se prArambha huA hai| sarvodaya zabda ke itihAsa para yadi hama dhyAna deM to hameM yaha spaSTa hogA ki usakA sarva prathama prayoga jaina sAhitya meM huA hai| prasiddha jaina tArkika prAcArya samantabhadra ne bhagavAna mahAvIra kI stuti 'yuktyanuzAsana' meM isa prakAra kI hai sarvAntavattad guNa mukhyakalpaM sarvAntazUnyaM ca mitho'napekSam / . sarvApadAmantakaraM nirantaM sarvodayaM tIrtha midaM tavaiva // yahAM 'sarvodaya' zabda dRSTavya hai| sarvodaya kA tAtparya hai-sabhI kI bhalAI / mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM meM sabhI kI bhalAI nihita hai / usameM parizrama aura samAna avasara kA bhI lAbha pratyeka vyakti ke lie surakSita hai / bApU ko yaha zabda nizcita hI jainadharma aura sAhitya se prApta huA hogaa| harijana prama: - jaina dharma meM karma kA mahatva hai, jAti kA nhiiN| pratyeka vyakti kA karma usakA uttarAdhikArI hai / jAti ke bandhana se kisI kI pratibhA aura zrama para kuThArAghAta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / vApU ne mahAvIra ke isa siddhAnta ko akSarazaH samajhA aura use jIvanakSetra meM utArane kA prayatna kiyA / harijanoM kI paristhitiyoM ke vizlepaNa kA bhI yahI mAnadaNDa unhoMne banAyA thaa| harijana samAja ke uddhAra ke pIche unako yahI manobhUmikA thii| use hama 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra' kI nimna gAthA meM dekha sakate haiM 1. AtmakathA, pR0 57 /

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" - sAmAjika saMdarbha : - kammaraNA vaMbharaNo hoi, kammaraNA hoi khattiyo / ' ' . kammuraNA vaiso hoi, sudo havai kammuNA / / rAjanIti meM satya-ahiMsA kA prayoga : ' ' mahAtmA gAMcI satya aura ahiMsA ke pujArI the| unhoMne jIvana ke vikAsa ke gyAraha niyama batAe the-satya, ahiMsA, brahmacarya, asvAda, asteya, aparigraha, abhaya, aspRzyatA nivAraNa, zarIra zrama, sarvadharma samabhAva aura svadezI / satya-ahiMsA meM ina sabhI kA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai / ye sabhI niyama jaina dharma meM milate haiN| vApU ne ahiMsA kA artha kiyA hai-prema kA samudra aura vaira-bhAva kA sarvathA tyAga / unakI dRSTi meM ahiMsA vahI hai jisameM dInatA aura bhIrutA na ho, Dara-Dara ke bhAganA bhI na ho| vahAM to dRr3hatA, vIratA aura nizcalatA honI caahie| : : 'satya aura ahiMsA kA saphala prayoga vApU ne rAjanIti ke kSetra meM bhI kiyA / itihAsa meM zAyada yahe prathama avasara thA ki jaba satya aura ahiMsA ke bala para itanA bar3A svAtantrya saMgrAma lar3A gayA ho| unhoMne satyAgraha kA mUla satya aura AtmA kI antaHzakti ko svIkAra kiyA hai / isalie rAjanItika saMgharSa kA unhoMne Atmika rAjanIti nAma diyA / / ataH unakI ahiMsA vyaktigata na hokara sAmAjika aura deza-videza kI samasyAoM kA hala karane kA eka anupama upakaraNa thA / satya aura paramezvara: paramezvara ke svarUpa ko bApU ne anAdi, ananta, jJAna-rUpa aura vacanamagocara mAnA hai| usake sAkSAtkAra ko jIvana kA dhyeya svIkAra kiyA hai / jIvana ke dUsare saba kArya isa dhyeya ko siddha karane ke lie hone caahie| vApU ke anusAra paramezvara ke lie yadi hama eka choTe zabda kA prayoga karanA cAheM to vaha hai satya / niSkAma karmaThatA: vApU niSkAma karmaThatA kI pratimUrti the / jaina dharma kA hara siddhAnta niSkAma karmaThatA kI zikSA detA hai / nApU ko yaha zikSA vAlyAvasthA se hI prApta huI thI jisakA upayoga unhoMne vAda meM sva-para kI samasyAoM ko sulajhAne kI dizA meM kiyaa| . zrI gaurIzaMkara bhaTTa ne likhA hai-"svAtantrya saMgrAma kI prApti meM niSkAma karmaThatA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| yaha niSkAma karmautA gAMdhI jI ko jaina dharma se milii| gAMdhI jI kI sampUrNa vicAra dhArA pAralaukika dharma se prabhAvita hai para unakA uttama purupa pUrNataH laukika aura ihajanI hai| unake vicAra jahA~ ahiMsA aura aparigraha kI bhAvanA se otaprota haiM, vahAM loka kalyANa kI bhAvanA bhI unameM kUTa-kUTa kara bharI huI hai / satyAgraha inhIM siddhAMtoM para AdhArita hai / satyakAma ke lie sadaiva ahiMsAtmaka Agraha aura asatya dharma ke 1-gAMdhI : vyaktitva, vicAra aura prabhAva : kAkA kAlelakara, pRSTha 536. / 2-gAMdhI vicAra dohana, pRSTha 1 / 3-vahI, pRSTha 36 /

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mahAvIra : bApU ke mUla preraNA-srota 56 lie nirantara ahiMsAtmaka asahayoga usakI mUla bhAvanA thI / satyAgrahI hone ke lie Atmazuddhi, mana-vacana tathA karma zuddhi va satyaniSTha niSpakSa bhAvanA apekSita hai| Atma niyaMtraNa ahiMsA, dRDhanizcaya va aparigraha ye cAra satyAgraha ke sUtra haiN| satyAgraha ke sAtha lokasaMgraha kI bhAvanA nihita hai / syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda : vastu tatva ko samajhane aura vibhinna matoM meM AdarapUrvaka samanvaya sthApita karane kI dRSTi se bApU ne jainadharma ke mahatvapUrNa siddhAMta syAdvAda athavA anekAntavAda ko AtmakathA meM samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai / ye donoM siddhAMta ahiMsA bhAvanA para avalambita haiN|' bApU ne kahA hai-"jaba kabhI ahiMsA kI pratiSThA hogI to avazya ahiMsA ke mahAn pravartaka bhagavAna mahAvIra kI yAda sabase adhika hogI aura unakI batAyI ahiMsA kA sabase adhika prAdara hogaa| jaina dharma kisI vyakti vizepa kA dharma nahIM, yaha to prANimAtra kA dharma hai| usa para kisI jAti varga athavA deza kA adhikAra nahIM / usameM to sabhI ekAntika matoM ko anekAnta ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| gAMdhIvAda bhI kisI phirakA, pantha athavA sampradAya vizepa ko lie hae nahIM hai / usameM vibhinna dharmo se uttama prakAra kI zikSAoM ko ekatrita kiyA gayA hai| ataH samUce rUpa meM vaha jaina dharma ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM dikhAI detA / isalie unhoMne apane hindU dharma ko Atmonnati meM kahIM bAdhaka bhI nahIM mAnA / dharmAntaraNa karane kI bhI AvazyakatA bApU ne nahIM samajhI / gAMdhIjI ne yadyapi apane pIche koI pantha nahIM chor3A, phira bhI Aja unake vicAroM aura upadezoM ko 'gAMdhIvAda' kahA jAne lagA hai| usameM satya aura ahiMsA kI rakSA ko bahuta adhika mahatva diyA gayA hai aura isa uddezya kI pUrti kA mArga jIvana kI bhautika AvazyakatAoM ko pUrA karane ke saMgharSa meM na var3hakara valki apanI AvazyakatAoM ko ghaTA kara AdhyAtmika santopa pAne kA prayatna vatAyA gayA hai / vyakti aura samAja ke prayatnoM kA lakSya bhautika samRddhi samajhanA gAMdhIvAda ke anusAra caNDAla sabhyatA hai / isa sabhyatA se manuSya dharma aura Izvara ko bhUla jAtA hai / isa prakAra rASTrapitA mahAtmA vApU mahAmAnava mahAvIra dvArA pracArita jaina siddhAntoM se prerita the / yaha rAyacanda bhAI ke hI samparka kA pariNAma thaa| vaiSNavaM hote hue bhI unakA samUcA jIvana AtmamUlaka jaina Adarza kA jIvana thaa| mahAvIra kI loka saMgrahI bhAvanA ne vApU ke sAdhanAzIla jIvana ko pAlokita kiyaa| isI bhAvanA se unhoMne AtmakalyANa karate hue bhArata meM svataMtratA kA punIta dIpaka jalAyA aura mAtRbhUmi kI parataMtratA kI kaThora zRGkhalAyeM chinna-bhinna kara sAre vizva meM ahiMsA kI zakti ko pratiSThita kiyaa| 1-bhAratIya saMskRti : eka samAjazAstrIya smiikssaa| 2-gAMdhI : vyaktitva, vicAra aura prabhAva : kAkA kAlelakara, pR0 466 / 3-gAMdhIvAda kI zava parIkSA : yazapAla / 4-hindU svarAjya, pR0 50-51 /

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Adarza parivAra kI saMkalpanA aura mahAvIra * DaoN0 kusumalatA jaina v..v vvvvvvvm.u.........vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv................~ ~~~- ~ub. vyaSTi aura samaSTi ke maMgala-praNetA : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA vyaktitva vaha prakANapuJja hai, jo zatAbdiyoM se vyakti, samAja, rASTra aura sampUrNa vizva ko jyotirmaya kara maMgalamaya jovana ke liye anuprerita kara rahA hai| rAjabhavana kA vaibhava unheM prAkarpita na kara sakA, tIna varSa kI avasthA meM unhoMne dIkSA grahaNa kii| dvAdaza varSoM kI dIrgha-sAdhanA ke uparAnta paramAtmatatva kI upalabdhi hetu maMgala upadeza diyA, nivRtti-mUlaka zramaNa saMskRti ko pallavita kiyA, zramaNa saMskRti meM jIva ke caramalakSya kI dRSTi se muni dharma kI prANapratiSThA kI gaI hai, tathApi gRhastha dharma ko agrAhya nahIM samajhA gayA hai, ataH tIrthakara, mahAvIra aura Adarza parivAra do virodhI AyAma nahIM haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke siddhAnta Adarza parivAra ke nirmANa meM bhI utane hI sahayogI haiM, jitane ki jIva ko nirvANaprApti meM / Atma-kalyANa ke mahAn sAdhaka tIrthakara mahAvIra ne lokamaMgala ke liye anavarata vihAra kiyA aura apane vacanAmRtoM se vizva ko prAplAvita kiyA, ataeva ve vyapTi aura samaSTi ke maMgala bhaviSya ke praNetA ke rUpa meM smRta kiye jAte haiN| parivAra : vyaktiyoM kA laghutama samavAya : __ vyaktiyoM kI ikAI kI saMyukti se parivAra, samAja aura rASTra kA nirmANa hotA hai| parivAra vyaktiyoM kA laghutama samavAya hai| Adarza parivAra vaha parivAra hai, jisake sadasyoM meM pArasparika sneha aura sadbhAvanA vidyamAna ho / pratyeka sadasya dUsare sadasya ke prati tyAga bhAvanA aura usakI unnati kI kAmanA rakhatA ho / parivAra kI pratiSThA kI upalabdhi meM sahayoga karanA pratyeka vyakti apanA kartavya smjhe| parivAra meM pragati ke yogadAna kI isa pravRtti ko vidAyaka vRtti kaha sakate haiM / parivAra ke sadasyoM kA madya, mAMsa, mavu tathA abhakSya ke sevana se bacanA, AcaraNa vizuddha rakhanA tathA vaivAnika sAmAjika maryAdA meM rahakara jIvana vyatIta karanA niSedhAtmaka vRtti hai / samAja aura rASTra ke abhyudaya meM yathAzakya sahayoga pradAna karanA Adarza parivAra kA kartavya hai| ukta guragoM se yukta parivAra Adarza parivAra hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra pulpArtha mUlaka saMskRti ke Adarza haiM, unake divya sandeza naitika abhyuthAna ke kIrti-stambha haiN| Adarza parivAra ke nirmANa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI bhUmikA utanI hI mahatvapUrNa hai, jitanI lokamaMgala ke nirmANa meM /

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prAdarza parivAra kI saMkalpanA aura mahAvIra yaNPCAR165 Adarza caritra hI prAdarza parivAra : - yugasanta muni zrI vidyAnanda jI ne 'insAna aura gharAnA' zIrSaka lekha meM Adarza. caritra ko hI Adarza parivAra kA lakSaNa batAte hue likhA hai-'gharAnA koI UMce mahaloM se nahIM vanatA / yadi kisI jhopar3I meM rahane vAle vyakti kA bhI rahana-sahana, AcAra acchA hai, aura satyaniSTha hai, to usakA gharAnA acchA gharAnA kahalAyegA / yadi koI UMce mahaloM meM rahane vAlA vyakti bhraSTa hai, usakA rahana-sahana ThIka nahIM hai, to vaha gharAnA, vaha kula kabhI uttama nahIM ho sakatA / eka uttama gharAne ko banAne meM sAta pIr3hiyAM laga jAtI haiM / uttama kula banAne ke liye purupoM se adhika bhAra nAriyoM para hai / java purupa caritra se giratA hai, to apane hI kula ko dhavyA lagatA hai, para jaba eka nArI apane zIla se giratI hai to do gharoM ko naSTa kara detI hai / jIva kA caritra hI saMsAra hai, dharma hai| caritra hI mandira hai| caritra hI Izvaratva kI prApti karAtA hai|' gRhastha kI prAcAra saMhitA : . bhagavAn varddhamAna mahAvIra ne gRhastha aura muni donoM ke liye pRthak AcAra-saMhitA nirdhArita kI / gRhastha kI prAcAra-saMhitA kA pAlana karane vAlA vyakti Adarza gRhastha hai| Adarza-parivAra kA pramukha guNa caritra hai / vastutaH samasta sampannatA se yukta kintu caritrahIna parivAra ko Adarza parivAra kI saMjJA se vibhUpita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| parivAra kI sampannatA, bhautika upalabdhiyAM mAtra vRkSa hai aura usakI pratiSThA caritrarUpI puSpoM se ur3ane vAlI pAvana gaMdha para AdhArita hai| caritra, dharma kI zreSTha aura suvAsita upalabdhi hai.| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sarvAdhika mahatva caritra para diyA / mana, vacana,..kAya se, caritra ko saMvArane ko yoga evaM tapa kahA / viSaya-vAsanA se sadaiva virata rahane kA sandeza diyA / satya, .. ahiMsA, acaurya, parigraha, parimANa tathA brahmacarya ina pAMca aNuvratoM ke pAlana kA nirdeza kiyA / vrata kA artha : saMkalpa zakti kA vikAsa :, vrata kA artha hai saMkalpa zakti kA vikAsa / saMkalpa zakti jisa vyakti meM jitanI tIvra hogI, vaha apane jIvana meM utanA hI saphala hogaa| yaha zakti abhyAsa se saMvaddhita hotI hai, sthiratA prApta karatI hai / aNuvrata isI abhyAsakrama ko vikasita karane kA mArga hai| vrata kA prArambha aNu se hotA hai / aNuvrata vyakti-vyakti ke jIvana kI sImArekhA hai| yaha AtmAnuzAsana hai, svIkRta niyantraNa hai, Aropita nahIM / yaha mAnavIya dharAtala kI nyUnatama maryAdA hai / yaha prema, maitrI aura saMyama se apane Apako pAne kA mArga hai / aNuvrata kA sAra hai-saMyama jIvana hai, asaMyama mRtyu / ahiMsA-vrata nIMva kA pramukha pApANa hai, jisa para avaziSTa vratarUpI AcAra-saMhitA kA bhavya prAsAda nirmita huA hai / ahiMsA vItarAga prema kI jananI hai| ahiMsANuvratI sadasyoM ke parivAra meM krodha aura ghRNA jaisI vikRtiyoM ko sthAna nahIM, vahAM kSamA kA hI sAmrAjya rahatA hai / satyANuvrata niSkapaTa vyavahAra dvArA pArivArika sadasyoM ke saMbaMdhoM ko sarala banAtA hai / udarapUrti ke liye gRhastha jisa AjIvikA yA vyavasAya ko apanAye usameM 2AVAN

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sAmAjika saMdarbha zuddhatA aura pramANikatA kA dhyAna rakhanA usakA kartavya hai / parivAra ko Arthika sampannatA kI ora le jAne vAlI sadasyoM kI pravRtti aparihArya hai, kintu asIma saMcaya kI dUpita pravRtti pArivArika sukhoM ko naSTa kara detI hai| saMcaya kI dUSita pravRtti se pIr3ita vyakti parivAra ke sadasyoM ke sukha-duHkha meM sAjhIdAra na banakara mAtra apane ko sampatti upArjana karane vAlI mazIna samajhatA hai| vartamAna yuga meM parivAroM meM Arthika sampannatA kI pratispardhA vyApta hai| nirantara dhana kI cintA karane vAle aneka vyakti svajanoM ko ucita samaya nahIM de pAte, isase sukha ghaTatA hai, sneha cukatA hai aura vighaTana kI pravRtti kA janma hotA hai / vighaTana hone kI sthiti meM pati-patnI aura parivAra ke sadasyoM meM Antarika riktatA kA janma hotA hai| aMtaH mAtra sampatti ko sukha kA sAdhana athavA pratiptA samajhanA nirI mUrkhatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isI liye mUrchA arthAt prAsakti ko parigraha kahA hai| bhautika padArthoM meM Asakti mithyA hai / saMcaya kI dUpita pravRtti ko niyantrita karane kA parigraha parimANa ke rUpa meM upadeza diyA / zramaNoM ke liye pUrNa parigraha kA tyAga zarIra taka se mamatva kA parityAga karanA vihita hai / gRhastha ko parivAra, samAja aura rASTra ke sukhoM ke liye parigraha parimANa Avazyaka hai / saMcaya kI pravRtti sAmAjika, naitika aura rASTrIya niyamoM ke atikramaNa hetu prerita karatI hai / vyakti ko cintita evaM svAsthyavihIna banA detI hai| parigraha ke parimANa kA nirdhAraNa isa vRtti ko rokatA hai| parigraha parimANa kA sthirIkaraNa sukha, zAnti aura parivAra kI samRddhi kI kasauTI hai / bhagavAn kI vANI kA pratyeka zabda Adarza parivAra kI saMracanA meM upayukta hai| syAvAda : dainika vyavahAra kI AvazyakatA : vicAroM se AcaraNa prabhAvita hotA hai aura AcaraNa se vicAra / bhagavAn mahAvIra vaicArika krAnti ke yugadRSTA the / parivAra ke vighaTana aura parivAra meM azAnti kA mukhya kAraNa hotA hai eka dUsare ke dRSTikoNa ko na smjhnaa| vaicArika sahiSNutA ke liye bhagavAn mahAvIra ne anekAnta-syAdvAda kA siddhAnta vizAla vizva ko diyaa| vyakti jisa satya ko samajhatA hai, vaha pUrNa nahIM, AMzika satya hai / vaha usake jJAna aura mAnyatAoM kA satya hai / vastu ke anya pakSa bhI satya haiM / vastu anekadharmI hai, vyakti usa vastu ke eka dharma yA AMzika satya ko dekhatA hai / dUsare ke dRSTikoNa ko samajhakara AcaraNa karanA parivAra ke sadasyoM kA prathama kartavya hai / syAdvAda kA siddhAnta darzana kI gUr3hatA nahIM, dainika vyavahAra kI AvazyakatA hai / yaha satya ko samajhane kI kunjI hai jo vyakti ke svastha dRSTikoNa ke nirmANa meM sahAyaka hotI hai aura samasyAoM ko sulajhAne meM usakI bhUmikA atyadhika mahatvapUrNa hai| karma-siddhAnta : pArasparika sauhArda kA preraka : ___Dhapa mAnasika azAnti kA janaka hai| IrSyA aura pratizodha usakI santAneM haiN| pratizodha aura durbhAvanAoM ko vaha pallavita karatA hai / paraspara kaTutA ko Adarza parivAra meM kahIM sthAna nahIM hai / prAyaH yaha dekhane meM AtA hai ki pUrNa yogyatA hote hue, apekSita purupArtha karate hue bhI yogyatA aura puruSArtha ke anurUpa pratiphala prApta nahIM hotaa|

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Adarza parivAra kI saMkalpanA aura mahAvIra alpazrama aura adhika dhana upArjana kI ghaTanAyeM bhI dekhane meM AtI haiN| mAnava jIvana kI yaha viSamatA aneka vyaktiyoM meM vyApta hai| yaha aneka parivAroM kI samasyA hai / eka vyakti kama sampatti upAjita karatA hai, dUsarA adhika / isase yadi mAnasika azAnti utpanna ho to vaha Adarza parivAra ke lie ghAtaka pravRtti hai| "isa samasyA kA samAdhAna varddhamAna mahAvIra ne karma-siddhAnta ke rUpa meM diyA / zAzvata satya ko anAvRta karate hue unhoMne kahA-manuSya svayaM hI karmoM kA kartA evaM bhoktA hai / pUrvAjita karma java sattA meM Ate haiM, phala denA prArambha kara dete haiM to manuSya kA purupArtha niSphala ho jAtA hai / isa kAraNa niSThApUrvaka zrama karane para bhI sampatti kI upalabdhi na ho to parivAra ke anya sadasyoM kA kartavya hai ki ve vyakti kI vivazatA ko dekhate hue usake prati sadbhAva rakheM / parivAra kI zAnti kA yaha mUla mantra hai / yaha karma-phala siddhAnta vyakti ko durdina meM dhairya pradAna karatA hai, unheM svayaM apane karmoM ke prati uttaradAyI ghoSita kara santopa pradAna karatA hai, bhaviSya meM duSkarmo se bacAtA hai, vartamAna meM satkarmoM ke lie prerita karatA hai, anucita anaitika kAryoM se rokatA hai| paraspara upakAra karate hue jInA hI vAstavika jIvana : parivAra vaha hai jisameM vyakti sAtha raha kara eka sAtha sukha-duHkha bhogate haiM, paraspara samAna AcaraNa karate haiM, ataH vyaktiyoM kI asamAna upalabdhiyoM ke kAraNa parivAra ke vyaktiyoM ke paraspara sneha meM nyUnatA nahIM AnI cAhie / alpa sAmarthya aura alpa yogyatA vAle vyakti ko bhI parivAra kI sukha-suvidhA meM samAna bhAga milanA cAhie / 'parasparopagraho jIvanAm sUtra parivAra ke lie bhI maMgalamantra hai / paraspara upakAra karate hue jIvana vyatIta karanA hI jIvana kI vAstavika kalA hai, manuSya aura manuSyatA kA lakSaNa hai| parivAra kA nirmANa kisI anuvandha para AdhArita nahIM hai, kintu janma aura pUrvAjitaM' saMskAroM kA pratiphala hai|| nArI kI ucita pratiSThA : vizva ke anya mahApuruSoM ne nArI ko hIna aura upekSA bharI dRSTi se dekhA, kintu mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM meM nArI ko samAna mahattA dI gaI hai / puruSoM ke samAna strI ko Atma-sAdhanA ke lie bhI svatantra mArga pradarzita kiyA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane vizAla saMgha meM nArI jAti ke dIkSita hone kI vyavasthA pradAna kii| mahAsatI candanavAlA ke uddhAra kI ghaTanA isakI sAkSI hai / gRhastha nArI ko zrAvikA kI saMjJA dI gii| Adarza parivAra kI kalpanA nArI jIvana ko samunnata kie vinA mithyA kalpanA ke atirikta kucha . nahIM hai / gRhastha jIvana eka lambI yAtrA hai, jo sacaritra nArI ko sahayAtrI ke rUpa meM pAkara hI sambhava hai| prAdarza vizva kA nirmANa : Adarza parivAra se Adarza samAja aura Adarza samAja se prAdarza rASTra kA janma hotA hai / rASTroM kA samUha hI vizva hai / mahAvIra vyakti, parivAra, samAja, rASTra aura vizva ke maMgalabhAgya ke praNetA the / unake vicAroM ke anurUpa hameM Adarza gRhastha, Adarza parivAra aura Adarza vizva kA nirmANa karanA hai|

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13 naitikatA ke nivAraNa meM mahAvIra vANI kI bhUmikA * DaoN0 kundanalAla jaina zasya zyAmalA bhArata-bhUmi : kahA jAtA hai ki bhArata 'sone kI cir3iyA' ke rUpa meM prasiddha thaa| yahAM dUdha-dahI kI nadiyAM bahatI thIM / ina janazrutiyoM kA tAtparya yahI jAna par3atA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM hamArA deza bhArata dhana-dhAnya se pUrNa evaM samRddha thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha ke samaya meM, jaba ki yahAM gaNataMtra rAjya kI zAsana praNAlI pracalita thI, bhArata vyApAra kI dRSTi se atyadhika unnata rahA hai| videzoM se vyApAra karane kI prathA yahAM pracalita rahI thI / bar3e-bar3e sArthavAha eka deza se dUsare dezoM meM jAkara vyApAra karate the jisase yahAM nitya prati ghana kI varSA sI hotI rahatI thI / dhAnya ko to itanI pracuratA thI ki zasya- zyAmalA ke rUpa meM Aja bhI bhArata bhUmi kA guNagAna kiyA jAtA hai / hIre, maNi, mANikya, ratna evaM javAharAta Adi bhI jitane adhika yahAM rahe utane zAyada hI kisI deza meM rahe hoM / tabhI to motiyoM Adi kI jhAlareM, bandanavAreM gRhadvAroM aura rAjamahaloM kI zobhA bar3hAtI thI / kASThakalA aura harmya yAdi meM bhI zobhA vRddhi ke liye ina amUlya ratnoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thA / dhana-lipsA aura zrAkranaraNa : guptakAla meM bhArata kI bhautika sampadA itihAsa prasiddha rahI hai / aneka videzI yAtriyoM ne yahAM kI dhana-sampadA ko atizayatA kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai / kintu yAge calakara dhana-dhAnya kI isa vipulatA ne videzI luTeroM zAsakoM ko bhArata para AkramaNa karane ke lie prerita kiyA / itihAsa sAkSI hai ki mahamUda gajanavI aura gaurI ke zrAkramaraNa isI dhana lipsA ke pariNAma the / ye luTere vAdazAha apane sAtha karor3oM kI sampatti lUTa kara le gaye the / taimUralaMga kI kathA bhI kucha aisI hI hai / jisa takhtatAusa ( mayUrAsana ) ko vaha apane sAtha le gayA thA usameM jar3e hue javAharAtoM kA mUlya hI akelA karor3oM meM grAMkA jAtA hai / bhautikatA sAdhya nahIM sAdhana : uparyukta vAtoM se spaSTa hai ki pahale bhArata bhautika dRSTi se adhika sampanna rahA hai, jisakA artha hai ki hamAre yahAM bhautikatA kI upekSA nahIM ko jAtI thI / para yaha

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anaitikatA ke nivAraNa meM mahAvIra vANI kI bhUmikA bhautikatA, jisake pIche grAja kA mAnava mAtra pAgala sA ho gayA hai, hamArA jIvana lakSya yA sAdhya ko kamI nahIM rahI / vaha kevala sAyana rUpa meM hI mAnya rahI hai / bhautika samRddhi ho hue bhI hamane zrAvyAtmikatA ko hI pradhAnatA dI / isI kAraNa bar3e-bar3e rAjA-mahArAjA aura cakravartI samrAT taka bhI samaya Ane para bhautika sukhoM ko tilAMjali dekara vAnaprastha yA saMnyAsa kI dIkSA le lete the / anya gRhasva bhI parigraha parimANa meM prAsyA rakhakara atirikta dhana kA dAna dekara vitaraNa kara dete the, dhana-dhAnya kA saMcaya karake Aja ke logoM kI bhAMti janatA ke lie viSama paristhitiyAM utpanna nahIM karate the / phalataH usa yuga meM deza ke bhItara aparAdhavRtti apekSAkRta bahuta kama thI / 65 naitikatA kA hrAsa : kintu mugalakAlIna zAsana se bhArata jahAM videziyoM kI dAsatA zrRMkhalA meM nigar3abaddha huA, tabhI se bhArata meM adhyAtma kA hrAsa hone lagA, yadyapi bhautika unnati zravazya huI / zAsakoM meM bhoga vilAsa kI pravRtti ne apanA sudRr3ha adhikAra kara liyA thA / vaha sAmantI yuga nurA aura sundaro meM dina prati dina nimagna hotA gayA / kahA jAtA hai ki ekaeka harama (antaHpura) meM rAniyoM aura vegamoM kI saMkhyA hajAroM taka pahu~ca gaI thI, jisakA bar3A bhayaMkara pariNAma zraparAvavRtti ke rUpa meM sAmane AyA / pAzcAtya saMsarga meM thAne ke pazcAt to deza kI bhautika samRddhi meM jahAM bar3I tIvratA ke sAtha hAta prArambha huA vahIM logoM kI vicAradhArA meM bhI parivartana hone lagA / logoM meM prAdhyAtmika pravRtti lIga hone lagI aura bhautikatA ko pramukhatA dI jAne lgii| maMtroM ke pracAra aura prasAra ne aneka prakAra ko suvidhAeM dete hue bhI logoM ko pramAdI banA diyA aura zrama ke mahattva ko kama kara diyA / eka varga meM dhana kI pracuratA hone lagI zrIra dUsarA varga dhanAbhAva ke kAraNa pahale varga kA mukhApekSI banatA gayA / isa artha - viSamatA ke phalasvarUpa eka varga dhana kA apavyaya karane meM juTa gayA aura dUsarA varga jIvikopArjana ke lie bhI lAlAyita rahane lagA / isa kAraNa eka cora dhana kA durupayoga hokara usa varga ke logoM meM nAnA prakAra ke durvyasana apanA ghara banAne lage aura dUsarI ora loga apane bharaNapopaNa karane ke lie aneka prakAra ke aparAdha karane ko vivaza ho ge| isa prakAra donoM vargoM meM anaitikatA, sadAcAra aura bhraSTAcAra zrAdi kI aparAdhavRtti tIvratA se panapane lagI / isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki logoM kI dhArmika bhAvanA lupta sI hokara zrAdhyAtmikatA samApta hone lagI / naye aparAdhoM kA janma : vijJAna kI uttarottara unnati bhI adhyAtma ke sthAna para bhautikavAda ke vikAsa meM yogadAna karane lagI / isase logoM meM nAstikatA aura anIzvaravAditA kI pravRtti bar3hane lagI / isI bhautikatA kI hor3a meM na kevala hamAre deza meM grapitu sampUrNa vizva meM nae prakAra ke aparAdha janma lene lage, nae-nae rogoM kA saMkrAmaka rUpa sAmane grAne lagA, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa pApAcAra, kadAcAra, anAcAra, bhraSTAcAra zrAdi aneka avAMchanIya tattva samAja meM praveza pAne lage / ye avAMchanIya tattva vizva zAnti ke lie bar3e bAdhaka aura ghAtaka

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: . . . . . . sAmAjika saMdarbha siddha hue| eka rASTra dUsare rASTra ke prati zaMkAlu aura bhayabhIta ho gayA aura zIta yuddha ke rUpa meM bhaya kA prAvalya ho gyaa| isakA bhayaMkara pariNAma samAja para bhI par3A / bhautika unnati kI tRSNA ke kAraNa logoM meM aparAvavRtti isa carama sImA para pahuMca gaI ki Aja anaitikatA hI naitikatA, beImAnI hI ImAnadArI aura asatya hI satya jaisA banane lgaa| Ae dina hone vAlI rAhajanI, vadha, hatyAeM, corI, DakaitI, luTamAra aura balAtkAra kI ghaTanAeM nitya prati ke samAcAra patroM ke vipaya vana gae jinheM par3ha munakara aisA lagane lagA jaise deza meM anuzAsana samApta ho gayA, kAnUna aura niyama kA koI mahattva nahIM raha gayA, sarvatra jaise arAjakatA vyApta ho gii| isase logoM kI dhArmika vRtti samApta prAyaH hokara adhArmika pravRtti prabala hone lgii| AcAra-vicAra bhI tadanukUla hone lge| saMkSepa meM bhautikavAda Aja- jitanA adhika pradhAna hotA jA rahA hai, anaitikatA kI jaDeM hamAre jIvana meM utanI hI adhika gaharI hotI jA rahI haiN| sAmAjika avyavasthA : __ isa anaitikatA ne samAja, rAjanIti aura dharma Adi sabhI ko kuprabhAvita kiyA hai| bar3hatI huI isa anaitikatA ke kAraNa hamArI sampUrNa samAja-vyavasthA, samAja kI maryAdAeM Adi sabhI bhaMga ho gaI haiN| cora bAjArI, kAlA vAjArI, adhika lAbha kI pravRtti aura dhana-dhAnya ke eka sthAna para saMcita ho jAne se samAja * meM aneka kupravRttiyAM janma lene lagI haiM / khAdya-padArthoM meM milAvaTa, nakalI aupadhiyAM, kamarator3a mahaMgAI Adi isake pratyakSa pramANa haiN| jahAM dhana kA Adhikya ho gayA vahAM dhanika loga dhanamada meM DUbakara nAnA prakAra ke durvyasanoM ke zikAra hone lage, aura jahAM nirdhanatA hai, vahAM bhI loga vyabhicAra, corI-DakaitI, lUTamAra aura hatyA jaise jaghanya pApa-karmoM meM pravRtta hone ko vivaza ho gae hai| rAjanaitika bhraSTAcAra : / / . rAjanIti kI bhI bar3I durdazA ho gii| rAjanIti nIti na hokara anIti bana gaI hai| Aja kI rAjanIti ne sarvatra avizvAsa kI bhAvanA utpanna karadI hai| janataMtra ke yuga meM jahAM samAja aura deza ke hita kI cintanA honA cAhie thI, vahAM vaiyaktika svArtha, padalolupatA aura bhAIbhatIjAvAda panapane lagA hai| jahAM ina rAjanItinoM ko samAja aura deza ke hita kI cintA honI cAhie thI, vahAM ve apane pada, sthAna aura kursI Adi kI cintA adhika karane lge| isa vyaktigata svArtha siddhi ke kAraNa choTe se lekara bar3e-se-bar3e padAdhikArI bhI pathabhrapTa ho gae haiN| utkoca Adi kA bhraSTAcAra panapane lagA hai| pariNAmataH samAja aura deza meM vyavasthA, kAnUna Adi ke sthAna para avyavasthA aura azAnti dina para dina bar3hatI jA rahI hai| dhArmika anAsthA : dharma kI to durdazA hI samajhie / ava to dharma kA nAma sunate hI logoM kI nAkabhauMha sikur3ane lagatI hai jaise dharma mAno koI ghRNAjanya vastu hai| dhArmika AsthA aura nipThA sampapta hone se hamAre naitika AcaraNoM, Atma-caritra para bar3A kuThArAghAta huA hai|

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anaitikatA ke nivAraNa meM mahAvIra vANI kI bhUmiko dharmAyatana vyabhicAra ke aDDe banane lage / AtmA-paramAtmA, loka-paraloka Adi para hamArI AsthA ghaTane lagI hai / zrIDambara, pAkhaNDa, DhoMga aura bAhya-pradarzana mAtra hI : grAja hamAre dharma ke zraMvazeSa raha gae haiN| ina sabake phalasvarUpa zrAstikatA ke sthAna para nAstikatA aura IzvaravAditA ke sthAna para anIzvaravAditA grapane caraNa bar3hAne lagI hai / isa prakAra dharma mArga se haTane ke kAraNa AdhyAtmikatA kI upekSA karake hama bhautikatA ke dAsa banane lage haiM aura bhautikatA ke caraNoM meM nata hokara khAno, piyo, mauja ur3Ano meM vizvAsa karane lage haiM / -67 mahattvapUrNa prazna : upayukta vivecana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki zrAja mAnavatA bhautikavAda se utpanna anaitikatA aura caritrahInatA ke dAnava se trasta hokara trAhi-trAhi kara uThI hai | kyA sa dAnavatA (pAzavikatA) se prAMja kI mAnavatA apanA uddhAra kara sakeMgI ? yaha eka bar3A mahattvapUrNa prazna hamAre sAmane upasthita hai / mahAvIra - vAraNI kI bhUmikA 3 isa prazna kA samAdhAna bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI meM nihita hai / usa punIta garimAmaya vAraNI kA anusaraNa karake hama nizcaya hI eka aisI krAnti lA sakate haiM, jisase vizva ke prANimAtra kA kalyANa saMbhava hai / usa vANI kI AdhArazilA hai " ahiMsAvAda" / grahiMsA ke mAdhyama se hI mAnavatA, vizvaprema, vizva bandhutva aura vasudhaiva kuTumbakam kA sarvavyApI prasAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / hiMsA jaisA ki kucha logoM kA vicAra hai, kAyaratA kI jananI hai / yaha vicAra nizcaya hI avivekapUrNa hai / grahisA to logoM ko nirbhIka aura vIra banAtI hai / saccA grahiMsAvAdI kabhI kAyara nahIM ho sakatA / yaha tathya to svayaM mahAtmA gAMdhI ke jIvana meM caritArtha huA dekhA jA sakatA hai / 7 jiyo aura jIne do : 3: 'jiyo aura jIne do' arthAt 'sahaastitva'' ahiMsAvAda kA mUla maMtra hai / 'sahaastitva svargIya paM0 neharU dvArA prasArita paMcazIloM meM eka hai, jisakA mUlAdhAra jaina dharma ke paJcANuvratoM prathavA bauddhoM kI paMca pratipadAoM meM vidyamAna hai / rAjanItika kSetra meM sahaastitva kA pAlana karane se vizva zAnti kI sthApanA saMbhava hai / kintu dhana aura sattAzakti ke mada meM grandhe amerikA jaise dezoM ne isakI upekSA kara sarvatra bhaya kA rAjya vyApta kara diyA hai / isakA pariNAma viyatanAma ke vinAza aura ava kamboDiyA ke z2anatrAsa meM dRSTigata huaa| cIna kI vistAravAdI nIti, pAkistAna kI yuddhalipsA usI sahagrastitva kI upekSA ke kuphala haiM / 3 caritra-nirmANa Avazyaka : 210073 hiMsAvAda ko jIvana meM utArane ke lie vyaktigata aura rASTragata cAritra-nirmANa kI parama AvazyakatA hai / cAritra-nirmANa ke vinA ahiMsA ke tattva ko zradhigama karanA saMbhava nahIM hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI meM cAritra kI vizuddhatA para vizeSa bala diyA

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sAmAjika sadarbha gayA hai, kyoMki anta meM cAritra kI zuddhatA se hI zrAtma-kalyANaM hotA hai / samyak cAritra kI prApti ke binA samyak darzana aura samyak jJAna bhI nahIM ho sakate / samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra ke samanvaya se hI jIva kA uddhAra ho sakatA hai / umAsvAmI ne apane 'tatvArtha sUtra' ke prArambha meM hI yaha bAta kahI hai 'samyagdarzana jJAna cAritrANi mokSamArgaH' Rta: cAritra nirmANa hI hamAre jIvana kA pradhAna lakSya honA cAhie | isI se samAja kI viSamatA anaitikatA Adi kA nivAraNa nizcita hai | 68 cAritra ke prabhAva meM hI grAja hamArA deza aneka vyAdhiyoM aura kaThinAiyoM se trasta hokara arAjakatA aura zAnti kI ora bar3hatA jA rahA hai / yaha cAritra vAhya aura aMtaraMga rUpa meM donoM prakAra se nirmala banAne kI AvazyakatA hai / bAhya cAritra kI zuddhatA se hI aMtaraMga cAritra nirmala ho sakatA hai / aMtaraMga cAritra zrAtmA kI svAbhAvika pariNati kA nAma | yaha grAtmA kA svAbhAvika rUpa hai kintu usa para rAgadve pAdi bhAvanAoM ke kAraNa aisA AvaraNa par3a jAtA hai jo sahaja hI nahIM haTAyA jA sakatA / yaha kRtrima grAvaraNa jaise-jaise haTatA jAtA hai vaise-vaise grAtmA ke usa guNa yA rUpa kI vikRti hone lagatI hai / usa AvaraNa ko jaina darzana meM 'karma' athavA siddhAnta rUpa meM 'karmavAda' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai / ye karma ATha prakAra ke batAe gae haiM- jJAnAvaraNI, darzanAvaraNI, mohanIya, aMtarAya, vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura gotra / inameM bhI mohanIya karma kA prAvaraNa sabase adhika pravala hai | isalie jaba taka mohanIya ( cAritra mohanIya) karma ke prAvaraNa kA prAtyantika kSaya nahIM kiyA jAtA, taba taka grAtmA ke upayoga rUpa jJAna aura darzana guraNoM kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI / isa karma ke AvaraNa ko haTAne ke lie hameM tapasyA kA jIvana apanAne kI AvazyakatA hai / tabhI hamArI pravRtti bhautikatA se haTakara AdhyAtmikatA kI ora bar3ha sakatI hai / tapomaya jIvana : gRhasthAvasthA meM bhI tapazcaryA saMbhava hai / nitya prati ke jIvana meM muni darzana, svAdhyAya, saMyama, dAna Adi karma karake tapomaya jIvana banAyA jA sakatA hai / kintu Aja kA mAnava apane jIvana kI vyastatA ke bahAne yaha sAmAnya dainika karma karane meM bhI apanI jhUThI asamarthatA batAne lagatA hai / aise logoM se hamArA yahI kahanA hai ki ve jIvana kI isa tathAkathita kRtrima vyastatA meM kama se kama bhagavAn kA nAma to smaraNa kara hI sakate haiM / kisI bhI avasthA meM nAma smaraNa kA bhI apanA mahattva hai / jainAcAryoM ne isake mahattva ke viSaya meM likhA hai : pavitraH pavitro vA susthito duHsthito'pivA / dhyAyet paMcanamaskAraM sarvapApaiH vimucyate // apavitraH pavitro va sarvAvasthAM gato'pivA / yaH smaret paramAtmAnaM, sa vAhyAbhyaMtare zuciH // arthAt pavitra yA pavitra kisI bhI avasthA meM paramAtmA kA nAma smaraNa karake apane bAhya aura aMtaraMga donoM ko pavitra banA sakatA hai / kavIra, mahAtmA tulasIdAsa Adi saMtoM ne

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manaitikatA ke nivAraNa meM mahAvIra-vANI kI bhUmikA bhI isa nAma-smaraNa kI mahattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai, kyoMki nAma smaraNa ke dvArA rAgadveSa kI avAMchanIya durbhAvanAtroM meM kamI hone se pavitra AcaraNa kI dizA meM prerita hokara mAnava aMtaraMga cAritra kA nirmANa kara sakatA hai aura Atma-kalyANa kA mArga prazasta kara sakatA hai| aNuvratoM kA pAlana : / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne samAja meM cAra saMghoM kI sthApanA kI thI-zrAvaka, zrAvikA, muni aura ajikA / uparyukta vyavasthA meM prathama do gRhasthAzrama se sambandhita haiM aura aMtima do kA sambandha saMnyAsa Azrama se hai| isa catuH saMgha ke lie bhagavAn ne eka AcArasaMhitA dI, jisake prathama caraNa meM pAMca vrata haiN| gRhastha ke lie una vratoM kA pAlana sthUla rUpa meM karane kA vidhAna hai, kyoMki gRhastha kI apanI sImAeM hotI haiM, isIlie sthUla rUpa meM una vratoM kA pAlana karanA batAyA gayA hai / una vratoM ko aNuvratoM kI saMjJA dI gaI hai / ye pAMca aNuvrata haiM-ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha / ina vratoM kA jaise-jaise vikAsa hotA jAtA hai, unakI maryAdAeM bhI bar3hatI jAtI haiM / ataH muni avasthA Ane para yahI aNuvrata-mahAvrata kahalAne lagate haiN| ina pAMca vratoM meM sAta vrata aura mila jAne se vAraha mahAvrata ho jAte haiM, jinakA pUrNa pAlana muni avasthA meM hI saMbhava hai| gRhastha apane nitya prati ke jIvana meM Ane vAle aneka prasaMgoM-snAna, bhojana, udyoga dhaMdhe, vyApAra Adi ke kAraNa AMzika rUpa meM hI (sthUla rUpa meM) una vratoM kA pAlana kara pAtA hai, isIlie sthUla rUpa meM pAlana karane ke kAraNa ye vrata aNuvrata aura sampUrNa rUpa meM pAlana karane se mahAvrata kahalAte haiM / vratoM ke aticAroM se bace: kabhI-kabhI manuSya pramAda ke kAraNa aNuvratoM kA pAlana bhI nirdoSa rUpa meM nahIM kara pAtA aura vratoM kI kaThinAI ko sarala banAne ke hetu unase baca nikalane kA rAstA nikAlane kA prayatna karatA hai aura unameM koI na koI chidra (doSa) nikAla letA hai| aise chidroM yA doSoM se bacane ke lie bhI sAvadhAna kiyA gayA hai / ina doSoM kA nAma vratoM kI bhApA meM hai 'aticAra / vrata-pAlana meM ina aticAroM se bhI dUra rahane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| aticAra sahita una aNuvratoM kA vizleSaNa nimnalikhita rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai :(1) ahiMsANuvrata : mana vacana kAya se aticAroM se dUra rahate hue jIvoM ke hanana na karane kA mAma hI ahiMsANuvrata hai / chedana, baMdhana, pIr3A, atibhAra lAdanA, aura pazuoM ko AhAra dene meM truTi karanA-ye pAMca isa vrata ke aticAra haiN| (2) satyANuvrata : jisa vacana se kisI kA ahita na ho, aisA vacana svayaM bolane aura dUsaroM se bulavAne kA nAma hai 'satyANuvrata' / mithyA upadeza denA, kisI kA rahasya pragaTa karanA, dUsare kI nindA yA cugalI karanA aura jhUThI vAteM likhanA tathA kisI kI dharohara kA apaharaNa karanA-ye pAMca isa vrata ke aticAra haiN|

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70 sAmAjika saMdarbha (3) pracIryANuvrata : rakhe hue, gire hue, athavA bhUle hue dUsare ke dhana ko grahaNa na karanA hI acauryariNuvrata haiM / corI kA upAya batAnA, corI kI vastu lenA, kAnUna kA ullaMghana karanA, padArthoM meM milAvaTa karanA aura taulane nApane ke bAToM ko honAdhika rakhanA ye pAMca ukta vrata ke aticAra haiM. 1. ( 4 ) brahmacaryANuvrata : : parastrI kA upabhoga na to svayaM kare aura na dUsare ko aisA karane ko preraNA de / kAmukatA pUrNa vacana bolanA, svastrI meM bhI tIvra kAmecchA, vezyAgamana Adi bhI isa vrata ke praticAra haiM / parigraha parimAragAvrata : AvazyakatA se adhika vastunoM kA saMgraha na karanA parigraha parimAraNAravrata hai anAvazyakaM vAhanoM yA vastutroM kA saMgraha, dUsare kA vaibhava dekhakara IrSyA karanA, lobha karanA, Adi isake praticAra haiM / praticAroM se dUra rahate hue uparyukta zraNuvratoM kA pAlana karake koI bhI gRhastha sadAcaraNa kara sakatA hai / ina vratoM ko dhAraNa karane meM jAti, kula, UMca, nIca Adi kI koI bAdhA nahIM hai / kisI bhI jAti, kula kA vyakti arthAt mAnava mAtra ina vratoM ko apane jIvana meM utAra sakatA hai / susaMskRta samAja nirmANa : * ye vrata susaMskRta aura suvyavasthita samAja ke nirmANa meM bar3e sahAyaka hote haiM / vyakti samAja kI ikAI hai, vyakti ke nirmANa se hI samAja kA nirmANa hotA hai / ataH aNuvrata java ikAI rUpa vyakti ko saccaritra banAtA hai, taba aisI ikAiyoM se banA huA samAja bhI nizcaya se saccaritra, susaMskRta aura suvyavasthita banegA / aNuvratI samAja *meM anAcAra, kadAcAra, bhraSTAcAra, pApAcAra kI kupravRttiyAM aura viSamatAeM nahIM panapa sakatI, phira anaitikatA ko sthAna hI kahAM ? kupravRttiyoM ke abhAva meM anaitikatA to svayaMmeva hI samApta ho jAyagI / hamArA saMkalpa : ' * Pr isa prakAra varga hIna, saccaritra aura suvyavasthita samAja ke nirmANa hetu vyaktigata aura rASTragata cAritra kA vikAsa karane meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI kI upAdeyatA svayaM siddha hai | isa loka maMgala vizvajanIna bhagavAn kI vANI kA prasAra evaM pracAra hamArA parama kartavya hai aura vizeSa kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2500 veM nirvANotsava para unakI dAraNoM kA saMdeza jana-jana taka pahu~cAkara Aja kI panapatI huI anaitikatA kA mUlocchedana karane ke lie hameM kRta saMkalpa aura dRr3ha pratijJa ho jAnA cAhie / 2209 200 2445407 .....

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mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM zikSA, zikSaka aura zikSArthI - * pro0 kamalakumAra jaina AnanARAM annow yuga-draSTA mahAvIra : bhagavAna mahAvIra yuga draSTA the| unake upadezoM kA gambhIra adhyayana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki jIvana kA aisA koI aMga aura kSetra nahIM hai jo unakI kevalajJAnI dRSTi se baca gayA ho aura jina para calakara Adhunika kAla kI anekAneka samasyAoM kA sIdhA, vyAvahArika aura Adarza samAdhAna prApta na kiyA jA sakatA ho| .. rAjadhAnI meM sthita 'kendrIya zikSA saMsthAna' meM zikSA zAstra kA zikSaka hone ke nAte svAbhAvika rUpa se merI yaha jijJAsA aura ruci thI ki maiM mahAvIra svAmI ke zikSA-sambandhI vicAroM kA adhyayana karUM / aura isa adhyayana ke pazcAt merI yaha dRr3ha dhAraNA hai ki prAdhutika sandarbha meM zikSA-jagat meM vyApta zocanIya avasthA ko sudhArane ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza atyanta sArthaka aura preraNAdAyaka haiN| ___mahAvIra-vANI adhikatara, prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASA meM hI upalabdha hai, kintu maiM bhApA kI jaTilatA meM na phaMsa kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zikSA sambandhI vicAroM ko sIdhesAda Dhaga se prastuta kara rahA hai| . . : . 1. zikSA : .. '' bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anusAra 'zikSA mAnava ko Atma-bodha ke mAdhyama se mukti kI ora agrasara karane vAlI prakriyA hai, jise sUkti rUpa meM 'sA vidyA yA vimuccae' bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| arhanta tulya banAne kI prakriyA : . . . eka anya prasaMga meM bhagavAna kahate haiM, 'zikSA vyakti ko arhanta tulya banAne kI prakriyA hai|' isa paribhASA ko samajhane ke lie , yaha jAnane kI jijJAsA svAbhAvika hI hai ki arhanta kauna hai ? arhanta ve mahAn AtmA hote haiM jinameM rAga, dveSa, ajJAna, mithyAtva, dAna antarAya, vIrya antarAya, bhoga antarAya, upabhoga antarAya, hAsya, rati, arati, bhaya, zoka, jugupsA, kAma, nidrA prabhRti dUpaNoM kA nitAnta prabhAva hotA hai| ___ yadi zikSA ko isa uddezya prApti ke lie DhAlA jAya to yaha saMsAra jisameM prAja pApa anAcAra, lampaTatA, duSTatA ityAdi kA hI bolabAlA hai, svarga bana sakatA hai / yahAM

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sAmAjika sandarbha para yaha saMzaya prakaTa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha to eka kAlpanika aura avyAvahArika uddezya hai, to merA vinamra nivedana yaha hai ki calane vAlI cIMTI bhI mIloM kI dUrI taya kara letI hai aura na calane vAlA garur3a bhI jahAM baiThA hai, vahIM baiThA raha jAtA hai / yadyapi hara vyakti arhanta nahIM bana sakatA, kintu uddezya to hameM mahAn rakhanA hI par3egA / samyak dRSTi kA vikAsa : eka anya sthala para bhagavAna ne kahA hai, 'vikAra dUra karane vAlA jJAna ho vidyA hai / ' zrAja hamArA durbhAgya yaha hai ki vidyA aura zikSA ke nAma para hameM jJAna ke sthAna para ajJAna pradAna kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki jJAna vaha hotA hai jo hara viSaya zrIra vastu kA nirapekSa rUpa vidyArthI ke samakSa prastu kare / kintu zrAja aisA kahAM hotA hai ? Aja to eka raMga vizeSa meM raMgA huA eka pakSIya vikRta rUpa hI nihita svArtho kI pUrti ke lie chAtroM ke mastiSka meM bharA jAtA hai, pariNAmataH samyak jJAna ke abhAva meM hamArA darzana bhI samyak nahIM hotA zrIra tadanusAra hamArA cAritra aura vyavahAra bhI samyaka nahIM ho pAtA / 72 'bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM meM samyak jJAna, samyak darzana aura samyak cAritra kI ratnatrayI para vizepa vala diyA gayA hai aura ina tInoM meM bhI sarvaprathama sthAna diyA gayA hai samyaka jJAna ko, jo zikSA ke Adarza svarUpa kA parama Avazyaka aura prathama prAdhAra hai / t apane upadezoM meM bhagavAna kahate haiM ki pratyeka AtmA meM ananta jJAna, ananta darzana zrIra ananta zakti -- guraNa bhare hote haiM kintu grajJAna ke kAraNa ye guNa malina ho jAte haiM / zikSA isa malinatA ko dUra karane kI prakriyA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anusAra zikSA prApta kara vyakti nirbhaya, sAdA, puruSArthI, dharma zraddhAvanta brahmacArI, santoSI, udAra, aura viSaya saMyamI banatA hai / dayAlu, sevA bhAvI, satyavAdI, 1, 1 yadi ina guNoM ko zikSA kA AdhAra mAna liyA jAya aura inako siddhi aura prApti ke lie saccI cepTA kI jAya to saMsAra kI aisI kaunasI samasyA hai jo cintA kA viSaya vana sakatI hai ? sarvAgINa zikSA : bhagavAna mahAvIra kI zikSA ekAMgI na hokara sarvAMgI hai| ve kevala grAtmA ke vikAsa para hI vala nahIM dete pratyuta zarIra aura mastiSka kA vikAsa bhI paramAvazyaka mAnate haiM / unake anusAra upayukta vyAyAma dvArA niyamita rUpa se zarIra ko kasanA, apanA pratyeka kArya mana lagA kara svataH karanA, zArIrika kaSTa ko bala bar3hAne kA sAdhana mAnanA evaM harpa pUrvaka zrama kArya karanA zArIrika zikSA hai / hitakAraka aura ahitakara vAta meM bheda karane, apane darzana aura caritra ko samyak banAne tathA zrAtma-vodha ke lie samyak jJAna kI prApti karanA mAnasika zikSA hai / grahiMsA, satya, santopa, kSamA, dayA, vinaya, sevAbhAva, saMyama, brahmacarya zrAdi guNoM dvArA Atma-pariSkAra karate hue grarhanta tulya hone kA prayAsa karanA AvyAtmika zikSA hai | : yahAM para hama dekhate haiM ki zarIra mastiSka aura grAtmA tInoM ke vikAsa kA atyanta ..

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mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM zikSA, zikSaka aura zikSArthI 73 vyAvahArika, samanvita aura santulita mArga prazastaM kiyA gayA hai / isa bAta para bhI bala diyA gayA hai ki eka aMga ke vikAsa ke abhAva meM anya * aMgoM kA pUrNa vikAsa samyak nahIM hai tathA vikAsa cAhe zarIra kA ho, mastiSka kA ho athavA prAtmA kA, uddezya vahI hai arhanta tulya vananA / samyaka cAritra hI zikSA : Aja yadyapi parimANa kI dRSTi se zikSA kA atyanta pracAra aura prasAra huA hai, anekAneka vizvavidyAlaya haiM jahAM sabhI prakAra kI zikSA dene kA pravandha hai, phira bhI anuzAsana ke nAma para nitya prati hameM chAtroM aura adhyApakoM, adhikAriyoM aura sarakAra ke madhya TakarAva ke aneka dRzya dekhane ko milate haiN| isakA eka mAtra kAraNa yaha hai ki Adhunika zikSA vidyArthI ke caritra aura vyavahAra para vAMchita bala aura vyAna nahIM detI / isI samasyA ke samAdhAna ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne eka sthala para kahA hai: ___cAritta khalu sikhA' / arthAt caritra hI zikSA hai / yadi par3ha-likha kara chAtra kA caritra nirmANa hI nahIM huA to aisI zikSA kA kyA lAbha ? caritra kI paribhASA karate hue bhagavAna ne kahA hai: 'asuhAho viriNavittI suhe pavittI ya jANa caritaM' arthAt azubha karmo se nivRtta honA aura zubha karmoM meM pravRtti honA hI caritra kahalAtA hai / samyak cAritra hI zikSita manuSya kI vizeSatA hai| mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko eka sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne kisI bAta ko aspaSTa nahIM chor3A hai / jisa viSaya ke sambandha meM bhI unhoMne apanA abhimata prakaTa kiyA hai usakI siddhi aura prApti ke lie upAya bhI sujhAe haiN| udAharaNArtha zikSA kA uddezya samyak cAritra ko batAte hue yaha bhI batAyA hai ki samyak cAritra kA vikAsa kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? unake anusAra cAritra ke AdhAra nimna paMca mahAvrata, cAra bhAvanAeM evaM daza uttama dharma haiM: paMca mahAvrata - 'ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha / cAra bhAvanAeM : (1) maitrI bhAvanA-'mittI meM savve bhUesu vairaM majjhaM Na keNaI' arthAt sabase merI maitrI ho, kisI se bhI vaira na ho| . (2) pramoda bhAvanA-guNIjanoM ko dekhakara unase samparka sthApita karake prasanna aura pramudita honaa| (3) kAruNya bhAvanA-pIr3ita, dukhI prANI mAtra ke prati anukampA prakaTa krnaa| (4) madhyastha bhAvanA-apane virodhI ke prati bhI tathA jo prayatnoM ke uparAnta

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sAmAjika saMdarbha bhI rAha para nahIM lAyA jA sakatA, usake prati bhI dvapa aura ghRNA bhAva na rakha kara adhikAdhika madhyasthatA yA udAsInatA kA bhAva rkhnaa| daza uttama dharma : uttama kSamA, uttama mArdava, uttama Arjava, uttama satya, uttama zauca, uttama saMyama, uttama tapa, uttama tyAga, uttama akiMcanya aura uttama brahmacarya / merA vizvAsa hai ki yadi uparyukta vratoM, bhAvanAoM aura dasa dharmoM ko pAThya krama meM prArambha se hI sammilita kara liyA jAya to hamAre chAtroM kA caritra samyak avazya vana sakegA aura kyoMki deza ke yuvakoM para na kevala bhaviSya pratyuta vartamAna bhI avalambita hotA hai, ataH chAtroM kA caritravAna honA kitanA lAbhadAyaka hai, yaha kahane kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| 2. zikSaka: bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zikSA sambandhI vicAroM aura upadezoM kA vizleSaNa karane ke pazcAt aba dekheM ki unhoMne zikSaka kI bhI kitanI Adarza paribhASA dI hai mahAvRtta dharA dhIrA bhaikSa mAtropa jIvinaH sAmAyikasthA dharmopadezakA guravo matAH jo bhikSA mAtra se vRtti karane vAle sAmAyika vrata meM sadaiva rahakara dharma kA upadeza dete haiM, vahI puruSa guru kahe jAte haiN| nivvANa sAhae joe jahmA sAhUnti sAhuNo, samA ya savva bhUesu tahmA te bhAva saahunno| ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya tyAga Adi mahAvratoM kA mana, vacana, kAya se svayaM pAlana karane vAlA, dUsaroM se karAne vAlA tathA anya karane vAloM kI stuti karane vAlA hI guru kahA jAtA hai| ina do paribhASAoM meM jisa vAta para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai vaha yaha hai ki zikSaka ko bhautikavAdI na hokara sAdA, tyAgI aura vratI honA cAhie tathA una sabhI vAtoM aura Adarzo kA svayaM pAlana karanA cAhie jinakI vaha apane chAtroM se apekSA karatA hai / Aja hamArA durbhAgya hI yaha hai ki hamAre zikSaka pUrI taraha bhautikavAdI ho gae haiM tathA unakI kathanI aura karanI meM vAMchita tAlamela nahIM hai| prAdarza zikSA ke guraNa : eka Adarza zikSaka kA svarUpa samajhAte hue kahA gayA hai : prAjJaH prAptamastazAstrahRdayaH pravyaktalokasthitiH prAstAzaH pratibhAparaH prazamavAna prAgeva dRSTattoraH prAyaH praznasaH prabhu paramanohArI parAnindayA bayAddharmakathAM gaNI guNanidhiH prasyaSTamiSTAkSaraH

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mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM zikSA, zikSaka aura zikSArthI arthAt prAdarza zikSaka, 1. sabhI zAstroM kA jJAtA hotA hai / 2. lokamaryAdA kA dhyAna rakhatA hai / 3. tRSNAjayI aura aparigrahI hotA hai / 4. upazamI hotA hai / 5. chAtroM ke prazna, jijJAsA aura sandeha ko samajhakara unakA santoSajanaka samAdhAna karatA hai | 6. praznoM ke prati sahanazIla hotA hai / 7. sva-para nindA se Upara uThA huA hotA hai / 8. guNanidhAna, spaSTa bhASI evaM miSTabhASI hone ke kAraNa sabakA mana harane vAlA hotA hai / 75 Adarza zikSaka kA eka anya paramAvazyaka guraMga yaha hai ki use paramArthI honA cAhie / yadi usane svayaM kI santuSTi ke lie jJAnopArjana kiyA hai aura usase chAtroM kA bhalA na karapAtA hai to vaha zAstra jJAtA hote hue bhI mUrkha hI hai :~~ paMDiya paMDiya paMDiya kRraNa choDi vitula kaDiyA | paya-pratthaM tuThThosi paramatya ga jAragai mUDhosi // bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM meM zikSaka, guru AcArya athavA upAdhyAya ko kitanA mahattva diyA gayA hai yaha isI se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki unake anuyAyI jisa prathama namaskAra mantra kA jApa karate haiM usameM na kevala prAcAryo zrIra upAdhyAyoM ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai pratyutta inakA sthAna sarvasva tyAgI pUjya sAdhutroM se bhI Upara rakhA gayA hai aura inako namaskAra kA adhikArI batalAyA gayA hai --- Namo arihaMtANaM, Namo siddhANaM, Namo AyariyANaM / Namo uvajjhAyANaM, Namo loe savvasAhUNaM // arthAt arihanto ko namaskAra ho, siddhoM ko namaskAra ho, prAcAryo ko namaskAra ho, upAdhyAoM ko namaskAra ho tathA loka meM sabhI sAdhutroM ko namaskAra ho / 3. zikSArthI : bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jahAM eka ora prAdarza zikSaka kA svarUpa nirdhArita kiyA hai vahIM Adarza zikSArthI kA svarUpa bhI varNita kiyA hai kyoMki zikSaka aura zikSArthI zikSA rUpI gAr3I ke do pahie haiM aura donoM ke prAdarza vyavahAra se hI prAdarza zikSA sambhava hai / zikSArthI kA sarva prathama guNa vinaya hai / vinaya ke prabhAva meM koI bhI Adarza ziSya nahIM bana sakatA aura jJAnopArjana nahIM kara sakatA / zikSArthI ko zraddhAvAna bhI honA cAhie tathA par3hAne kA sampUrNa dAyitva zikSaka para na sauMpa kara svayaM bhI par3hane kA, sIkhane kA saccA udyama karanA cAhie /

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sAmAjika saMdarbha kisI prakAra kI zaMkA hone para tathA utsukatA hone para nindA yA AlocanA kI bhAvanA se nahIM pratyuta pUrNa vinayavAna hokara prazna karanA caahie| guru dvArA jo pATha par3hAyA gayA hai usa para pUrNa cintana manana karake usakA caritra aura vyavahAra meM anuzIlana bhI karanA caahie| ___Adarza vidyArthI pATha ke prati pUrNa prIti arthAt ruci anubhava karatA hai / aruci yA udAsInatA kI bhAvanA se kabhI jJAnopArjana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / __ isake atirikta bhagavAna ne isa bAta para vizepa bala diyA hai ki zikSArthI pAMca vratoM, cAra bhAvanAoM evaM daza uttama dharmo para (jinakA ullekha zikSA kA svarUpa samajhAte hue kiyA gayA hai) yathAzakti cle| usakA satata prayAsa yaha rahanA cAhie ki vaha jo kucha sIkha rahA hai usa para calate hue zanaiH-zanaiH arhanta tulya banane meM saphalatA prApta kre| yaha duharAne kI AvazvakatA nahIM hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA upadezita zikSA, zikSaka aura zikSArthI ke sambandha meM yahAM jisa vicAradhArA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai vaha atyanta AdarzavAdI hote hue bhI itanI vyAvahArika hai ki yadi usa para calA jAya to Aja zikSA kSetra meM vyApta samasyAoM kA nizcita samAdhAna DhUMDhA jA sakatA hai /

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM nArI ___ * vimalA mehatA - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ IsA ke lagabhaga pAMca sadI pUrva samAja kI pracalita sabhI dUSita mAnyatAoM ko ahiMsA ke mAdhyama se vadala dene vAle mahAvIra varddhamAna hI the| unake saMgha meM eka ora harikezI aura maitArya jaise ati zUdra the to dUsarI ora mahArAjA ajAtazatru va vaizAlIpati rAjA ceTaka jaise samrATa bhI the| vinamra parantu sazakta zabdoM meM mahAvIra ne ghopaNA kI ki samasta virATa vizva meM sacarAcara samasta prANI varga meM eka zAzvata svabhAva haijIvana kI AkAMkSA / isIlie 'mA haNo' / na kaSTa hI pahuMcAno na kisI atyAcArI ko protsAhana hI do / ahiMsA ke isa virATa svarUpa kA pratipAdana karane kA hI yaha pariNAma hai ki Aja mahAvIra, ahiMsA, jaina dharma, tInoM zabda eka dUsare ke paryAya bana cuke haiN| krAMtikArI kadama : yuga-purupa mahAvIra jinhoMne manuSya kA bhAgya Izvara ke hAthoM meM na dekara manuSya mAtra ko bhAgya nirmAtA banane kA svapna diyA, jinhoMne zAstroM, karmakANDoM aura janasamudAya kI mAnyatAeM hI vadala dI, una mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM mAnava jagat ke ardhabhAga nArI kA kyA sthAna hai ? . yadi usa samaya ke sAmAjika pariveza meM dekhA jAe to yaha dRSTigocara hotA hai ki jinaM paristhitiyoM meM mahAvIra kA avirbhAva huA vaha samaya nArI ke mahApatana kA samaya thaa| 'asvatantratA strI puruSa-pradhAnA' tathA 'striyAM vaizyA 'stathA zUdrAH yepi syuH pApa yo nayaH' jaise vacanoM kI samAja meM mAnyatA thii| aise samaya mahAvIra dvArA nArI kA khoyA sammAna dilAnA eka krAMtikArI kadama thaa| jahAM strI varga meM isa parivartana kA svAgata huA hogA vahAM sambhavataH puruSa-varga vizepaMkara tathAkathita ucca varga ko ye parivartana sahana na hue hoNge| nArI ko khoyA sammAna milA : bacapana se nirvANa prApti taka kA mahAvIra kA jIvana caritra eka khulI pustaka ke samAna hai| unake jIvana kI ghaTanAoM aura vicArottejaka vacanoM kA adhyayana kiyA jAya to usake pIche chipI eka mAtra bhAvanA, nArI ko usakA khoyA sammAna dilAne kA satata prayatna kA anumAna sahaja hI lagAyA jA sakatA hai /

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78 sAmAjika saMdarbha rAjya-kula aura asIma vaibhava ke madhya caitra zuklA trayodazI ke dina mahAvIra kA janma huyA aura yauvanAvasthA ko prApta karate-karate unakA kada sAta hAtha lambA aura sugaThita gauravarNa-deha kA saundaryamaya vyaktitva aura rAjakIya vaibhavapUrNa vAtAvaraNa unheM sAMsArika bhoga-vilAsa kI cunautI detA rhaa| jainoM kI digambara paramparA ke anusAra ve brahmacArI va avivAhita rahe / zvetAmbara paramparA kI zAkhA ke anusAra ve bhogoM ke prati Asakta nahIM hae / aitihAsika tathyoM va jaina AgamoM ke anusAra samaravIra nAmaka mahAsAmanta kI suputrI va tatkAlIna samaya kI sarvazreSTha sundarI yazodA ke sAtha unakA vivAha huyA aura priyadarzanA nAmaka eka kanyA bhI utpanna huii| to mahAvIra ne nArI ko patnI ke rUpa meM jaanaa| vahana sudarzanA ke rUpa meM vahana kA sneha pAyA aura mAtA trizalA kA apAra vAtsalya kA sukha dekhA / aTThAisa varSa kI umra meM mAtA se dIkSA kI anumati mAMgI, anumati na milane para mAM, vahana, patnI va avodha putrI kI mUka bhAvanAoM kA Adara kara ve gRhasthI meM hI rhe| do varSa taka yoM yogI kI bhAMti nirlipta jIvana jIte dekha patnI ko anumati denI pdd'ii| mahAvIra va buddha : ___ mahAvIra va buddha meM yahAM asamAnatA hai| mahAvIra apane vairAgya ko patnI, mAM, bahana va putrI para thopa kara cupacApa gRha-tyAga nahIM kara gae / gautamabuddha to apanI patnI yazodharA va putra rAhula ko AdhIrAta ke samaya soyA huA chor3akara cale gae the| sambhavataH ve patnI va putra ke prAMsuoM kA sAmanA karane meM asamartha rahe hoN| para buddha ne mana meM yaha nahIM vicAra kiyA ki prAtaH nIMda khulate hI patnI va mAtA kI kyA dazA hogI? isake viparIta mahAvIra do varSa taka sabake bIca rahe / parivAra kI anumati se mArgazIrSa kRpaNA dazamI ko ve dIkSita ho ge| dIkSA lene ke uparAnta mahAvIra ne nArI jAti ko mAtR-jAti ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA / usa samaya kI pracalita lokabhApA ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM unhoMne kahA ki puruSa ke samAna nArI ko dhArmika va sAmAjika kSetra meM samAna adhikAra prApta hone cAhieM / unhoMne batAyA ki nArI apane asIma mAtR-prema se puruSa ko preraNA evam zakti pradAna kara samAja kA sarvAdhika hita sAdhana kara sakatI hai / vikAsa kI pUrNa svataMtratA : ___ unhoMne samajhAyA ki puruSa va nArI kI AtmA eka hai ataH puruSoM kI taraha striyoM ko bhI vikAsa ke lie pUrNa svatantratA milanI hI caahie| purupa va nArI ko AtmA meM bhinnatA kA koI pramANa nahIM milatA ataH nArI ko purupa se heya samajhanA ajJAna, adharma va atArkika hai| __ gRhasthAzrama meM rahate hue bhI svecchA se brahmacarya pAlana karane vAle pati-patnI ke lie mahAvIra ne utkRSTa vidhAna rakhA / mahAvIra ne kahA ki aise dampati ko pRthak zaiyA para hI nahIM apitu pRthak zayana-kakSa meM zayana karanA caahie| kintu jaba patnI pati ke sanmukha jAve taba pati ko madhura evam AdarapUrNa zabdoM meM svAgata karate hue use vaiThane ko

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76 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM nArI bhadrAsana pradAna karanA cAhie kyoMki jainAgamoM meM patnI ko 'dhammasahAyA' arthAt dharma kI sahAyikA mAnA gayA hai / vAsanA, vikAra aura karmajAla ko kATa kara mokSa prApti ke donoM hI samAna bhAva se adhikArI haiN| isI prakAra samavasaraNa, upadeza, sabhA, dhArmika parvoM meM nAriyAM nissaMkoca bhAga legI / madhya sabhA ke khule rUpa meM prazna pUcha kara apane saMzayoM kA samAdhAna kara sakatI haiM / aise avasaroM para unheM apamAnita va tiraskRta nahIM kiyA jAegA / dAsI prathA kA virodha : unhoMne dAsI prathA, striyoM kA vyApAra aura kraya-vikraya rokA / mahAvIra ne apane bAlyakAla meM kaI prakAra kI dAsiyoM jaise dhAya, krItadAsI, kuladAsI, jJAtidAsI Adi kI sevA prApta kI thI va unake jIvana se bhI paricita the / isa prathA kA pracalana na kevala suvidhA kI khAtira thA, balki dAsiyAM rakhanA vaibhava va pratiSThA kI ...nizAnI samajhA jAtA thA / jaba meghakumAra kI sevA-suzruSA ke lie nAnA dezoM se dAsiyoM kA kraya-vikraya huA to mahAvIra ne khulakara virodha kiyA aura dharma sabhAtroM meM isake viruddha AvAja bulanda kI / vauddha grAmoM ke anusAra AmrapAlI vaizAlI gaNarAjya kI pradhAna nagaravadhU thI / rAjagRha ke naigama nareza ne bhI sAlavatI nAmaka sundarI kanyA ko gaNikA rkhaa| isakA janatA para kuprabhAva par3A aura sAmAnya janatA kI pravRtti isI ora jhuka gaI / phalasvarUpa gaNikAeM eka ora to panapane lagI, dUsarI ora nArI varga nindanIya hotA gayA / bhikSuNI kA zrAdara : jaba mahAvIra ne bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA kI to usameM rAjagharAne kI mahilAoM ke sAtha dAsiyoM va gaNikAoM vezyAoM ko bhI pUre sammAna ke sAtha dIkSA dene kA vidhAna rakhA / dUsare zabdoM meM mahAvIra ke jIvana kAla meM jo strI gaNikA, vaizyA, dAsI ke rUpa meM puruSa varga dvArA heya dRSTi se dekhI jAtI thI, bhikSuNI saMgha meM dIkSita ho jAne ke pazcAt vahI strI samAja kI dRSTi meM vandanIya ho jAtI thii....| nArI ke prati puruSa kA yaha vicAra parivartana yuga purupa mahAvIra kI hI dena hai / bhagavAn buddha ne bhI bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA kI thI, parantu svayaMmeva nahIM / zrAnanda ke Agraha se aura gautamI para anugraha karake / para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne samaya kI mAMga samajha kara pamparAgata mAnyatAoM ko badalane ke Thosa uddezya se saMgha kI sthApanA kI / jaina zAsana sattA kI bAgaDora bhikSu bhikSuNI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA isa caturvidha rUpa meM vikendrita kara tathA pUrvavartI paramparA ko vyavasthita kara mahAvIra ne duharA kArya kiyA / isa saMgha meM kula caudaha haMjAra bhikSu, tathA chattIsa hajAra bhikSuNiyAM thIM / eka lAkha unasaTha hajAra zrAvaka aura tIna lAkha aTThAraha hajAra zrAvikAeM thI / bhikSu saMgha kA netRtva indrabhUti ke hAthoM meM thA to bhikSuraNI saMgha kA netRtva rAjakumArI candanabAlA ke - hAtha meM thA /

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80 sAmAjika saMdarbha puruSa kI apekSA nArI sadasyoM kI saMkhyA adhika honA isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki mahAvIra ne nArI jAgRti kI dizA meM satat prayAsa hI nahIM kiyA, usameM unheM saphalatA bhI milI thii| candanavAlA, kAlI, sukAlI, mahAkAlI, kRSNA, mahAkRSNA Adi kSatrANiyAM thIM to devAnandA ityAdi brAhmaNa kanyAeM bhI saMgha meM praviSTha huii| , 'bhagavatI sUtra' ke anusAra jayantI nAmaka rAjakumArI ne mahAvIra ke pAsa jAkara gambhIra tAtvika evaM dhArmika carcA kI thii| strI jAti ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pravacanoM meM kitanA mahAn AkarSaNa thA, yaha nirNaya bhikSuNI va zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA se kiyA jA sakatA hai| . nArI jAgaraNa : vividha AyAma : __ gRhasthAzrama meM bhI patnI kA sammAna hone lagA tathA zIlavatI patnI ke hita kA dhyAna rakha kara kArya karane vAle puruSa ko mahAvIra ne satpuruSa batAyA / sappuriso.... puttadArassa atyAe hitAya sukhAya hoti....vidhavAoM kI sthiti meM sudhAra humA / phalasvarUpa vidhavA hone para vAloM kA kATanA Avazyaka nahIM rahA / vidhavAeM raMgIna vastra bhI pahanane lagI jo pahale vajita the / mahAvIra kI samakAlIna thAvaghA sArthavAhI nAmaka strI ne mRta pati kA sArA dhana le liyA thA jo usa samaya ke pracalita niyamoM ke viruddha thaa| 'tattharaNa' vAravaIe thAvadhA nAma gAhAvaiNI parivasaI aDDhA jaav....| mahAvIra ke samaya meM satI prathA bahuta kama ho gaI thii| jo chupapuTa ghaTanAeM hotI bhI thIM ve jIvahiMsA ke virodhI mahAvIra ke prayatnoM se samApta ho gii| yaha satya hai ki sadiyoM pazcAt ve phira prArambha ho gii| buddha ke anusAra strI samyaka sambuddha nahIM ho sakatI thI, kintu mahAvIra ke anusAra mAtRjAti tIrthaMkara bhI bana sakatI thii| mallI ne strI hote hue bhI tIrthaMkara ko padavI prApta kI thii| mahAvIra kI nArI ke prati udAra dRSTi ke kAraNa parivAjikA ko pUrNa sammAna milane lgaa| rAjya evam samAja kA savase pUjya vyakti bhI apanA Asana chor3a kara unheM namana karatA va sammAna pradarzita karatA thaa| 'nAyadhammakahA' yAgama meM kahA hai tae NaM se jiyasatta, cokkhaM parivvAiyaM ejjamANaM pAsai . sihAsaNAmro pravabhUTheI....sakkAreI prAsaNeNaM uvani maMteI / isI prakAra bauddha-yuga kI apekSA mahAvIra yuga meM bhikSuNI saMgha adhika surakSita thaa| mahAvIra ne bhikSuNI saMgha kI rakSA kI ora samAja kA dhyAna AkarSita kiyaa| Aja jaba deza va videza meM mahAvIra svAmI kI paccIsa sauM-vI nirvANa tithi manAI jA rahI hai, yaha sAmayika va atyanta mahattvapUrNa hogA ki mahAvIra svAmI ke una pravacanoM kA vizeSa rUpa se smaraNa kiyA jAe jo paccIma sadI pahale nArI jAti ko puruSa ke samakakSa khar3A karane ke prayAsa meM unake mukha se uccarita hue the|

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.... - navIna samAja-racanA meM mahAvIra ko vicAra-dhArA kisa : . prakAra sahayogI bana sakatI hai ? .. (isa viSaya para vibhinna kSetroM meM kAryarata cAra cintanazIla :. samAja seviyoM ke vicAra prastuta haiM / )..... jo bhI utpAdana ho use saba bAMTakara khAyeM ............ .viradhIlAla seThI 18.. .:.... samaSTi ke hita ke sAtha vyaNTi ke-hita ke samanvaya kI samasyA saMsAra meM sadA se adhika rahI hai| vyakti apane sukha ko samAja ke sukha se adhika mahatva detA rahA hai aura usakI bhautika sukha sAdhana bar3hAne kI tRSNA kA koI aMta nahIM hai| vyakti kI yaha svArthI vRtti hI saMsAra meM vyApta vipamatA, saMgharSa aura azAMti kA kAraNa haiM / ataH mahApuruSoM ne vyakti kI svArthI vRtti para. niyaMtraNa dvArA usakA samAja ke hita ke sAtha samanvaya karane ke uddezya se dharma aura rAjyasattA-do saMsthAoM ko janma diyaa| dharma kA uddezya thA vyakti ko bhautika sukha sAdhanoM se nirapekSa sukhI jIvana kI kalA batAnA aura usameM aisI kartavya . bhAvanA paidA karanA ki vaha binA kisI ke davAva ke svayaM hI isa prakAra jIvana vyatIta kare ki dUsaroM ke sukha meM vAdhaka na bane pratyuta apane sukha ke sAtha dUsaroM ke sukha kA bhI vardhanaM kare / rAjyaM sattA kI AvazyakatA huI samAja ke hita ko kartavya bhAvanA se rahita svArthI logoM para niyaMtraNa rakhane ke lie / parantu dharma ko adhika mahatva diyA gayA kyoMki samaSTigata kartavya kI bhAvanA ke vinA rAjya sattA bhI apane uddezya ko pUrA nahIM kara sktii| vaha vahIM saphala haI hai jahAM yA to rAjya sattA kartavya bhAvanA vAle niHsvArtha vyaktiyoM ke hAtha meM thI yAM sattAvIzoM para aise logoM kA aMkuza thaa| aisA na hone para, lokatAMtrika rAjyasattA bhI asaphala hI rahI hai aura saMgharSa ke vAtAvaraNa aura caritra saMkaTa ne ugrarUpa - dhAraNa kara liyA / ......... :. : : ........ ... .. ..... vyakti bhautika sAdhanoM se nirapekSa sukhI jIvana kI kalA ke mahatva ko samajhe aura vinA kisI ke davAva ke samAja ke sukha meM hI apanA sukha samajhe, isa uddezya se yaha saMsAra kyA hai, kyA kisI ne ise banAyA hai, hamArA: 'maiM' kyA hai;-Adi-praznoM ke bhI mahApuruSoM . .. .ne dArzanika samAdhAna diye / AcAra - zAstra ke aAdhunika mahAvidvAna kAMTa ne bhI vyakti ke naitika jIvana ke lie isa prakAra ke dArzanika vizvAsa kI AvazyakatA ko, anubhava kara

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sAmAjika saMdarbha use naitikatA kI AdhAra bhUta zilA mAnA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki guNa paryAya vAle cetana-acetana ke kriyA kalApayukta yaha vizva anAdi se hai aura rahegA / isakA nirmAtA koI nahIM hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI yaha vicAradhArA vaijJAnika paddhati ke adhika anukUla aura buddhivAdI logoM ke lie AkarSaka hai / pratyeka prANI kI AtmA hAr3a-mAMsa ke nazvara zarIra tathA jar3a jagat se bhinna eka avinAzI tattva hai jo zarIra ke naSTa ho jAne ke vAda kisI bhI deza, prAMta, kula aura yoni meM janma dhAraNa kara sakatA hai ata: savako apanA kuTumbI mAnakara kisI ko duHkha mata pahu~cAno / aisA koI kArya na karo jo anya jIvoM ke hita kA virodhI ho / isa samaya bhI eka hI mArksavAdI vicAradhArA vAle hote hue bhI rUsa tathA cIna vAle eka dUsare ko duzmana samajhate haiM / rASTravAda aura jAtivAda ke vipa se saMsAra meM saMgharSa kA vAtAvaraNa banA huA hai aura dhanavAna tathA sAdhana sampanna logoM ko adhikAMza apane hI bhogavilAsa kI ciMtA hai, cAhe sAdhanahIna logoM ko khAne ko anAja bhI na mile / isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki ve apane vartamAna zarIra kI dRSTi se hI socate haiM / apanI AtmA kI dRSTi se yaha nahIM socate ki saMbhava hai marane ke bAda unakA svayaM kA usI deza, jAti, kula va yoni meM janma ho jAve ki jise ve isa samaya apanA duzmana samajhate haiM / isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ne AtmA kI nityatA aura vizvavandhutva kI bhAvanA ko mahattva dete hue saMsAra meM zAMti sthApanA ke liga ahiMsA ke pAlana kA upadeza diyaa| unhoMne yaha bhI kahA ki sukha kA mUla srota tumhArI AtmA ke aMdara hai, vaha parAzrita nahIM hai, kahIM bAhara se nahIM AtA / vAhya padArthoM se prApta sukha kSaNika aura pariNAma meM dukhadAyI hotA hai tathA unake parigraha arthAt unake moha, mamatva va unake svAmitva kI bhAvanA se, duHkha hI milatA hai / ataH yadi sukhI rahanA cAhate ho to saMyama se raho, apane jIvana nirvAha ke lie kama se kama AvazyakatAeM rakkho aura bhogopabhoga kI vastuoM aura dhana kA saMgraha mata kro| isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra kA upadeza vyaktigata sampatti rakhane kA virodhI hai| jahAM unake dvArA nirdiSTa sAdhu kI caryA usa nipparigrahI jIvana kI Adarza sthiti hai vahAM gRhastha ke lie bhI kama se kama parigraha rakhane kA upadeza hai aura kahA hai ki bahuta parigraha rakhane vAlA vyakti marane para narakagati meM jAtA hai / parantu niSparigrahI yA alpaparigrahI jIvana usI vyakti kA ho sakatA hai ki jisakI AvazyakatAeM kama-se-kama hoM arthAt jo saMyamI ho| ataH bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sukha-gAMti ke lie saMyama aura aparigraha donoM ko Avazyaka mAnA hai / vyAvahArika dRSTikoNa se bhI, manuSya mAtra meM bhAIcAre, vizva baMdhutva ke vyavahAra ke lie bhI aparigraha aura saMyama Avazyaka hai / kucha samaya pUrva saMyukta rASTra saMgha ke khAdya aura kRSi saMgaThana ke mahAsaMcAlaka ne kahA thA ki pRthvI para jo anAja paidA hotA hai usake lagabhaga tIna cauthAI bhAga ko to vizva kI jana saMkhyA ke eka tihAI sAdhana saMpanna loga hI khA jAte haiM / zepa do tihAI yA Adhe loga bhUkhe rahate haiM yA unheM aisA bhojana milatA hai jisase ThIka popaNa nahIM milatA / pariNAmasvarUpa prativarSa 4 karor3a vyakti to bhUkha se

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jo bhI utpAdana ho use saba vAMTakara khAyeM 53. mara hI jAte haiN| aisI sthiti meM, vizepa kara aisI avasthA meM ki java eka ora to janasaMkhyA bar3ha rahI hai, dUsarI ora bhUmi aura prAkRtika sAdhana sImita haiM pratyuta khanija sAdhana to kama hote hI jA rahe haiM aura kucha mahattvapUrNa khanijoM jaise koyalA ke lie vizeSajJoM kA kahanA hai ki pacAsa varSa bAda hamAre yahAM samApta prAya ho jaayegaa| abhI to saMsAra ke sAmane mukhya samasyA mUlabhUta AvazyakatA kI vastuoM kA utpAdana bar3hAkara unakI pracuratA karane kI tathA saba logoM ko rojagAra dene kI hai / kama-se-kama isa samasyA kA nirAkaraNa hone taka to yahI Avazyaka hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA upadezita saMyama aura aparigraha yA alpa parigraha kA saba pAlana kareM / jo bhI utpAdana ho use saba bAMTa kara khAyeM aura upayoga kreN| isIlie mahAtmA gAMdhI ne kahA thA ki pratyeka vyakti ko kevala itanA hI mile ki vaha apanI saba prAkRtika AvazyakatAeM pUrI kara sake, adhika nhiiN| parantu adhika se adhika sukha sAdhana bar3hAne kI manuSya kI tRSNA kA koI anta nahIM hai / usI ke kAraNa yaha saMsAra vyApI azAnti hai aura use niyaMtrita karane ke lie aisI vyavasthA kI AvazyakatA hai ki eka ora to logoM meM saMyamI aura alpa parigrahI jIvana ke lie bhAvanA paidA ho aura dUsarI ora utpAdana ko sAde jIvana kI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti taka sImita kara, unakI pracuratA kI jAve tAki vilAsitA, zAnazaukata aura phaizana kI vezakImatI vastueM va sAdhana jinheM, dhanavAna va sAdhana sampanna loga hI prApta kara sakate haiM, kisI ko upalabdha na ho sake / rela, sinemA Adi meM kevala eka zreNI ho, zaphAkhAnoM meM kevala janarala vArDa ho, koI hoTala vilAsitA ke sAdhanoM se yukta na ho, gharelU upayoga ke lie prAiveTa kAreM na hoN| aura isa prakAra bhogopabhoga ke lie dhanavAnoM kA dhana nirupayogI ho jAne se (aura mUlabhUta AvazyakatA kI vastuoM kI pracuratA ho jAne se unake lie bhI) -logoM meM saMgraha kI tRSNA na rahe / isa caritra saMkaTa kA bhI tava ho nirAkaraNa ho skegaa| yahAM yaha spaSTa kara denA bhI ucita hai ki usI deza yA vyakti ko garIva kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisake pAsa sAdA jIvana kI AvazyakatAoM-sAdA khAnA, kapar3A, zuddha pAnI, makAna va roga cikitsA ke lie bhI paryApta sAdhana na ho| jisake pAsa ye sAdhana to haiM parantu vilAsitA va zAnazaukata ke sAdhana nahIM haiM, use garIva nahIM kahA jA sakatA, dhanavAna bhale hI nahIM kahA jaave| ataH upayukta vyavasthA garIvI kI samAja vyavasthA nahIM hogI pratyuta dhanavAnoM tathA sattAdhIzoM dvArA garIboM kA zopaNa samApta kara unakI garIbI miTAne kI vyavasthA hogii| isa vyavasthA meM janahita ke lie dhanavAnoM kA dhana yA sampatti bala prayoga yA kAnUna dvArA chInane yA adhikAdhika Taiksa lagAne kA bhI prazna nahIM paidA hogA kyoMki bhoga-vilAsa ke lie yA bhAvI AvazyakatA ke lie dhana kA adhika saMgraha nirupayogI ho jAne se ve svayaM use janahita ke kAryoM va udyoga dhandhoM meM lagAnA ucita samajhane lgeNge| yaha kathana bhI bhrama pUrNa hai ki aisA niyaMtraNa lokataMtra meM sambhava nahIM hai| yaha sahI hai ki lokatantra meM sabako apanA-apanA vikAsa karane kA samAna avasara aura svatantratA hotI hai parantu jaisA ki pahale kahA gayA hai, usakA yaha bhI uddezya hai ki jina logoM meM

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sAmAjika saMdarbha samAja hita ke anukUla utpAdana aura upabhoga karane kI kartavya bhAvanA ho unake utpAdana aura upabhoga ko isa prakAra niyaMtrita kareM ki usase viSamatAeM paidA hokara samAja hita virodhI na ho jAve / jaba isa samaya bhI pratyeka lokatAntrika sarakAra kA khAdya padArthoM yadi AvazyakatA kI vastuoMoM taka ke utpAdana aura upabhoga para niyantraNa hai to vilAsitA Adi kI anAvazyaka vastuoM ke sambandha meM yaha sambhava kyoM nahIM ho sakatA ? 84. kahA jAtA hai ki dhanavAnoM aura sAvana sampanna adhika yogyatA vAle logoM ko vilAsitA ke sAdhana upalabdha nahIM hone diye jAvege to logoM meM acchA kAma karane kI preraNA va ruci nahIM rahegI / yaha bhI bhrama mAtra hai / prastAvita vyavasthA meM logoM ko apanI-apanI yogyatA, kAma, pratibhA va uttaradAyitva ke anurUpa vetana, lAbha tathA cAdara pratiSThA to milegI hI RtaH acchA se acchA kAma karane kI preraNA mila sakegI / prAcIna bhArata meM dhanavAnoM kA rahana-sahana adhikAMzataH sAdA hI hotA thA / apanI-apanI yogyatA tathA pratibhA ke anurUpa lAbha va pratiSThA milane se unheM usase to apane kAma meM preraNA milatI hI thI, sAtha hI sAdA jIvana ke kAraNa ghana kA saMgraha granAvazyaka ho jAne se usakA upayoga janahita ke kAryoM meM karake samAja meM Adara va pratiSThA prApta karane kI tathA puNya vaMdha kI bhAvanA hotI thI, usase bhI inheM preraNA milatI rahatI thI / isa prakAra yaha vicAradvArA mithyA hai ki utpAdana bar3hAne va vaijJAnika vikAsa meM logoM ko preraNA dene ke lie vilAsitA ke sukha sAdhanoM kA upalabdha karAnA 'zrAvazyaka hai / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki saMsAra meM jitane bhI mahApuruSa hue haiM evaM jinhoMne bar3I-bar3I vaijJAnika khojeM kI haiM va samAjahita ke bar3e-bar3e kAma kiye haiM unakA sAdA va saMyamI jIvana hI thA / bhogavilAsa va zAnazaukata kA jIvana vyatIta karane vAle vyakti to saMsAra para sarvadA bhAra rUpI hokara rahe haiM / ve vAteM to karate haiM una logoM ke hita kI, unakI garIbI dUra karane, rahanasahana kA stara UMcA karane kI ki jinakI mUlabhUta AvazyakatAeM bhI pUrI nahIM ho pA rahI haiM, parantu adhikAMza sAdhanoM kA upayoga kiyA jA rahA hai va araboM rupayA udhAra liyA jA rahA hai sAdhana sampanna logoM kI bhogavilAsa kI tRSNA ko pUrA karane evaM aneka zAnzaukata va vilAsitA ke sAvana paidA karane meM / yaha sahI hai ki janasaMkhyA tejI se bar3hatI jA rahI hai gaI hai ki usa para niyaMtraNa na kiyA jA sake / vaijJAnika vivekapUrvaka upayoga kiyA jAya to mUlabhUta grAvazyakatAoM kI meM aneka varSa lagajAne kA prazna hI nahIM paidA hotA / na isake aneka bar3e-bar3e kArakhAne lagAne kI prAvazyakatA hai kyoMki mazInoM ke upayoga kA usI sImA taka graucitya hai yadi saMsAra meM jo prazAMti hai, varga saMgharSa tathA caritra saMkaTa ne bhI utpAdana meM preraNA dene ke nAma para aneka prakAra ke jA rahe haiM, usake kAraNa hI hai| netAoM ne rahana-sahana kA stara UMcA karane kI hor3a paidA karadI hai ! usI ke lie loga tathA jinakI mUlabhUta zrAvazyakatAeM bhI pUrI nahIM ho pAtI * para vaha abhI itanI nahIM bar3ha sAdhanoM tathA bhUmi kA yadi pUrti hokara garIbI dUra hone lie videzoM se udhAra lekara prAkRtika sAdhana sImita haiM aura usase bekArI na phaile| isa samaya ugra rUpa dhAraNa kara rakhA hai vaha bhoga-vilAsa ke sAdhana paidA kiye

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... jo bhI utpAdana ho use saba bAMTakara khAyeM.. ... . ve (kartavya bhAvanA vAle kucha logoM ko, chor3akara) milAvaTa, rizvata, Taiksa corI, bleka mArkeTa Adi se paisA.kamAne kA prayatna karate haiN| jinake hAtha meM sattA . . hai, saMgaThana kI zakti hai yA jinameM tor3a-phor3a Adi kAnUna virodhI harakateM karake apanI bAta manavA lene kI zakti hai, ve use kAnUnI rUpa dekara apanI prAya var3havA lete haiM cAhe deza kI garIvI kA, vicAra karate hue usakA koI aucitya na ho| milAvaTa, Taiksa corI Adi kI roka ke lie kAnUna banAye jAte haiM parantu ve saba asaphala ho rahe haiM aura aparAdha bar3hate jA rahe haiM / sthiti yahAM taka vigar3a gaI hai ki sAdhAraNa AvazyakatA kI vastu bhI cora bAjAra se hI kharIdanI par3atI hai| 'netA socate haiM ki sahakAritA, rASTrIyakaraNaM va samAjIkaraNa se saba ThIka ho jAyegA / parantu usameM bhI kAma karane vAloM kA kevala nAma badalatA hai, caritra nahIM bdltaa| pahale mAlika kahalAtA thA, phira majadUra kahalAne lagatA hai, aura usase itanA aMtara aura par3a jAtA hai ki pahale kI apekSA kAma bhI prAdhA karane laga jAtA hai|" isa prakAra roga kI jyoM-jyoM cikitsA kI jA rahI hai vaha aura bar3hatA jA rahA hai kyoMki davA hI galata dI jA rahI hai| amarIkAM Adi sampanna dezoM meM yadyapi bhogopabhoga ko vastuoM kA utpAdana pracura mAtrA meM hai, dhaMna bhI bahuta hai phira bhI vahA~ zAMti nahIM hai / vahAM eka aura hippI bar3ha rahe haiM, dUsarI ora DAkAjanI corI, rizvata, Taiksa corI Adi * aparAdha bar3ha rahe haiN| kucha samaya pUrva saMyukta rASTra amarIkA ke jAMca ke saMghIya kAryAlaya ke saMcAlaka zrI je0 eDagara hUvara ne apanI riporTa meM kahA thA ki vahAM jisa tejI se janasaMkhyA bar3ha rahI hai usase caugunI gati se aparAdha bar3ha rahe haiN| astu, AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki bhautikavAda para AdhArita pAzcAtya sabhyatA, jise rAjanIti vijJAna ke mAne hue vidvAna zrI harmana phinara ne "Uce.rahana-sahana ke stara ke chadma veza meM manuSya kI tRSNA " (The greed of man masquerading under the garb of a high standard of living.) kahA hai. aura apanI prasiddha pustaka "hiMda svarAjya" meM mahAtmA gAMdhI ne jisake lie likhA hai, "yaha sabhyatA adharma hai, para isane yUrope vAloM para aisA raMga jamAyA hai ki ve isake pIche dIvAne ho rahe haiM jo loga 'hindustAna ko badala kara usa hAlata para le jAnA cAhate haiM jisakA maiMne Upara varNana kiyA hai ve deza ke duzmana haiM, pApI haiM" ke pravAha meM aura adhika na bahakara saMsAra ke dezoM kI sarakAreM navIna samAja racanA ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA upadezita saMyama aura apari'graha ke siddhAnta para AdhArita sAde jIvana kI artha vyavasthA ko (jisakI saMkSipta rUparekhA pichale pRSThoM meM dI gaI hai) apanAyeM aura bhAratavarSa isameM pahala karake usa Adarza ko saba dezoM ke sAmane rkkhe| usa samAja vyavasthA meM bhogopabhoga kI viSamatA kA koI prazna nahIM hone se rASTravAda, jAtivAda, majadUravAda Adi tathA inake kAraNa utpanna varga saMgharSa tathA caritra saMkaTa apane Apa samApta ho jAyeMge....saMsAra kA lagabhaga AdhA utpAdana yuddhoM . . meM tathA yuddhoM kI taiyArI meM svAhA ho rahA hai| usakA bhukhamarI aura garIbI kI samasyA kA nivAraNa karane meM upayoga ho sakegA aura saMsAra meM vAstavika zAMti kI sthApanA ho skegii| . Pasaradunitaraipaatarang. machar weredaversarpretirements donatan --memtrn -arty -MA.AM KURNAL

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sAmAjika saMdarbha (2) adhyAtmavAda ke dvArA mAnava-jIvana saMtulita kiyA jA sakatA hai * DaoN0 jayakizana prasAda khaNDelavAla tIrthakara mahAvIra mAnava saMskRti ke prakAzastambha the| sarvAMgINa jAgatika vikAsa unakA dhyeya thA / unake hRdaya meM prANImAtra ke lie sahAnubhUti thii| isa prakAra unakA vyaktitva alaukika thA, caritra pUjya aura niSkalaMka thaa| unakA Adarza jIvana hameM vartamAna meM bhI mahatI preraNA pradAna karatA hai / unhoMne usa yuga meM bhI udAra dRSTi se hI dharmApadeza diyA / vyAvahArika dRSTi se unheM jaina tIrtha saMcAlaka ke nAte jaina kahA jA sakatA hai kintu unhoMne jAti, samAja, deza, kAla aura sAmpradAyikatA jaisI sImAoM se Upara uThakara prANI mAtra ke lie divyopadeza prastuta kiye / unakA cintana jIvamAtra ke lie thaa| unhoMne kahA-'jiyo aura jIne do' / jaisA tumheM jIne kA adhikAra hai vaisA hI dUsare jIvoM ko bhI hai| ataH kisI jIva ko satAnA pApa hai| ve mahApurupa the, ataH unheM sampradAya ke vandhana kase vAMdha sakate the| unakA jIvana satya ke zodhana evaM rahasyodghATana meM hI lagA thaa| mahAvIra kI ahiMsA tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM meM jIva dayA kA anuciMtana mAtra hI na thii| unhoMne use mAnasa kI gaharAI meM jAkara anubhava kiyaa| unakI ahiMsA AtmA kA sahaja svabhAva hone ke kAraNa paramadharma khlaaii| Adhunika yuga meM gAMdhIjI ne bhI mahAvIra ko ahiMsA ko apanAkara apanI prAtma-dRr3hatA ke dvArA eka sainika zakti vAle vizAla sAmrAjya ko cunautI dii| unakI ahiMsA hiMsaka meM bhI ahiMsaka bhAva utpanna karane vAlI thii| ataH vaha vyAvahArika jIvana meM sukha-zAMti kI janaka thii| gAMdhIjI ke saphala ahiMsaka Andolana ko dekhakara vizva ke aneka gulAma dezoM ne ise apane svAtantrya saMgrAma meM apanAyA aura vijaya prApta kii| sabase Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki isa ahiMsA meM dhIratA, vIratA evaM dRr3hatA vidyamAna hai / isameM vaha Atmateja vidyamAna hai jo zatru ke hiMsaka bhAvoM ko bhI nirastra karane meM samartha hai / mahAvIra kI ahiMsA atyanta vyApaka evaM mAnava jIvana kA mUlamaMtra thii| ve deza meM ahiMsaka krAMti karanA cAhate the aura isameM unheM pUrNa saphalatA prApta huI / unakA mantavya thA ahisA-prema kA vistAra ho, sukha-zAMti kA samanvaya ho| Aja vizva-mAnava aNu-yuddha ke kagAra para khar3A hai| jarA sI hiMsA bhar3akane para vizva yuddha prArambha ho jAne para vizva mAnava kA pUrNa vinAza avazyaMbhAvI hai / hindI ke prasiddha kavi jayazaMkara prasAda ke zabdoM meM ___bhayabhIta sabhI ko bhaya detA, bhaya kI upAsanA meM vilIna : . hiMsA bhayabhIta kA svabhAva hai, ahiMsA nirbhIka kA sahaja bhAva hai /

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adhyAtmavAda ke dvArA mAnava-jIvana saMtulita kiyA jA sakatA hai 87 - anakA mahAvIra ne tIsa varSa taka upadeza diyA, hiMsA banda ho gaI, striyoM aura zUdroM ko dhArmika evaM sAmAjika svatantratA prApta ho gaI / Aja bhI hama mahAvIra ke una prabhAvaka upadezoM kA anumAna kara sakate haiM aura unase preraNA lekara navIna samAja kI racanA kara sakate haiN| do vizva yuddhoM se pIr3ita mAnavatA kA uddhAra ahiMsaka vicAradhArA se hI ho sakatA hai / aAja kA vijJAna hiMsaka vicAra dhArA ke logoM ke hAtha meM par3akara vinAzakArI siddha ho sakatA hai| Aja ke isa azAMta vAtAvaraNa meM, java jIvana ke mUlya badala rahe haiM, sarvatra uthala-puthala hai, vicAroM meM asthiratA bar3hatI jA rahI hai aura naitikatA to karpUra kI bhAMti ur3I jA rahI hai-mahAvIra kI AdhyAtmikatA evaM usase udbhUta siddhAnta mAnava ko trANa pradAna kara sakate haiM / mahAvIra ke pramukha siddhAnta isa prakAra haiM : (1) ahiMsAvAda-jiyo aura jIne do| (2) anekAnta aura syAdvAda-vicAra ke kSetra meM bhI ahiMsaka bno| . (3) karmavAda-karmo ko sudhArane se hI hama sukhI vana sakate haiN| (4) aparigrahavAda-isI ko saccA samAjavAda kaha sakate haiM / (5) adhyAtmavAda-vinA AtmA ke zarIra amaMgala rUpa hai, isI prakAra AdhyAtmikatA ke vinA hamArA cintana chichalA evaM jar3a hai| anekAnta ke dvArA jaTila virodhI samasyAeM bhI sahaja meM hala kI jA sakatI haiN| samasta vastueM ananta dharmAtmaka haiM / ataH eka bAra meM hI hama unake ananta dharmoM ko nahIM jAna sakate / ekAnta 'hI' kA samarthaka hai to anekAnta 'bhI' kA samarthaka hai| anekAnta siddhAnta satyAlocaka hai aura yaha hameM dUsaroM ke sAtha milajulakara rahanA sikhAtA hai / karmavAda kA siddhAnta svarUpa meM atyanta sUkSma aura gahana hone para bhI anubhava gamya evaM buddhigamya hai / 'pratyeka prANI jo karma karatA hai, vahI usakA bhAgya vidhAtA hai| yaha siddhAnta hameM asat mArga se haTAkara sat mArga para calane kI preraNA detA hai / saMsAra meM jJAnI-mUrkha, sukhI-dukhI, dhanI-nirdhana, dIrghAyu-alpAyu, Adi vibhinna prakAra ke manuSya dikhAI par3ate haiM / isa vibhinnatA meM karma hI kAraNa hai / jIva kA tIvra, madhyama aura manda kapAyI honA, bhAvoM dvArA gRhIta kArmANa-vargaNAoM kA alaga-alaga vyakti dvArA bhinna pariNamana hotA hai| usI ke anusAra ve sukhI yA duHkhI banate haiN| karma jAla se mukta hone ke lie hameM darzana, jJAna aura caritrya kI teja talavAra prayukta karanI hogI / jIva kI Atma malinatA aura nirmalatA ke anusAra karmavandhana kI hInatA evaM prakarpa meM antara par3atA hai| .. mahAvIra kA aparigrahavAda to samAjavAda kA sarvAdhika saphala AdhAra vana sakatA hai| pratyeka vyakti AvazyakatA se adhika vastuoM kA saMgraha na kre| aparigraha kI prAja jana-jIvana meM jitanI AvazyakatA hai utanI. zAyada pahale kabhI na rahI hogI / zrAja ke jIvana meM parigraha kA tANDava nRtya mAnavatA kI jar3eM hilA rahA hai / aAja ko vipama paristhitiyo meM saMgharSa kA anta aparigrahavAda ke dvArA kiyA jA sakatA hai / gAMdhIjI ne

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88 : sAmAjika saMdarbha aparigraha ko Azrama-vratoM meM sthAna dete hue kahA-hama kisI bhI vastu ke svAmI nahIM haiM, svAmI samAja hai / samAja kI anumati se hI hama vastuoM kA upayoga kara sakate haiM / hama kevala TrasTI haiM / vAstava meM curAyA huA na hone para bhI anAvazyaka saMgraha corI kA mAla ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra navIna evaM mukhI samAja kI racanA meM mahAvIra kA aparigrahavAda hI ekamAtra vipamatA ko dUra karane kA upAya siddha ho sakatA hai| mahAvIra ne adhyAtma ke dvArA jagan aura jIvana kI samasyAoM ko sulajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA / maMmAra ke duHkhAtura prANiyoM ke samakSa unhoMne eka saccA sIdhA mArga upasthita kiyA hai / jIvana aura pudgala donoM hI svatantra haiM kintu yaha jIva anAnavaza anAdikAla se pudgala ko apanA mAnakara ananta saMsAra kA pAtra , rahA hai aura AvAgamana ke cakra meM par3akara duHkhI ho rahA hai| isa prakAra mahAvIra ne mAnava ko AtmakalyANa kI ora prerita kiyA / Aja bhautikatAvAda kA bolavAlA hai / adhyAtmavAda ke dvArA mAnava jIvana saMtulita kiyA jA sakatA hai| mahAvIra ke siddhAnta Aja 2500 varSa bAda bhI utane hI prabhAvaka evaM vaijJAnika haiM aura gAMdhojI ne ina siddhAntoM para calakara eka ahiMsaka krAMti kI / navIna samAja racanA meM mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA mAnava ke lie trANa prastuta karane vAlI hai / utpAta-vyayadhruva-yukta jo sat padArtha hai, vahI yathArtha evaM vAstavika sthiti hai / isa prakAra mahAvIra kA citana pragatizIla evaM vaijJAnika hai aura vaha Adhunika cetanA se aotaprota hai| ( 3 ) paraspara upakAra karate hue jInA . . hI vAstavika jIvana zrI mizrIlAla jaina bhAratIya samAja jarjara ho gayA hai / svatantratA ke sUryodaya ke sAtha usane sAmAjika, Arthika, naitika abhyutthAna ke svarNima sapane apanI AMkhoM meM vasAe the ve vikhara cuke haiN| prAcIna saMskRti sAMseM tor3a rahI haiM / samAja pAzcAtya sabhyatA ke aMghe anusaraNa meM vyasta hai| pAzcAtya sabhyatA bhautika pravRtiyoM ke AdhAra para vikasita huI hai aura bhAratIya saMskRti AdhyAtmika siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para, isa kAraNa pAzcAtya sabhyatA me usakA samanvaya nahIM ho pA rahA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti saMkrAmaka kAla se gujara rahI hai| vaijJAnikoM ke nRjaka hAtha aNu-hAIDrojana jaise vinAzaka astra-zastroM ke nirmANa meM vyasta hai / yadyapi vaijJAnika zovoM ne mAnava hRdaya meM jamI huI aMdha vizvAsa kI patoM ko dUra karane kA samyak kArya kiyA hai kintu durbhAgya se vaijJAnikoM kI pratibhA kA upayoga anupAtika rUpa se nirmANa kAryoM meM kama aura yuddhopayogI vinAzaka sAmagrI ke nirmANa meM

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paraspara upakAra karate hue jInA hI vAstavika jIvana -adhika ho rahA hai| kahane ko vizva ke rASTra eka-dUsare ke nikaTa yA gae haiM, kintu anavarata yuddhoM aura zIta yuddhoM ne vizva meM ghRNA aura dveSa phailAne kA durbhAgya pUrNa kArya kiyA hai / vastuoM ke mUlya, mudrA kA atyadhika prasAra dinapratidina bar3ha rahA hai| vyakti kA mUlya pratikSaNa ghaTa rahA hai / saMsAra meM sabase koI mUlya rahita hai to zreSTha aura mUlyavAna mAnava / naitikatA jisa stara para A gaI hai use dekhakara sahaja hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki mAnavIya mUlyoM ke dRSTikoNa se bhAratIya samAja kA naitika stara nimnatara stara para A gayA hai| bhrapTAcAra, saMcaya kI dUpita pravRtti, anaitikatA bhAratIya jana-jIvana kA aMga bana gaI hai / saTTA evaM lATariyoM ke pracAra-prasAra ne manupya ko purupArthavAdI banane kI apekSA niSkriya pIra bhAgyavAdI banAne meM yogadAna kiyA hai| vartamAna samAja parivartana kI pratIkSA meM hai| parivartana prakRti kA niyama hai / tIrthakara varddhamAna mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA pratyeka vadalate mUlyoM aura saMdarbho meM pUrNa aura upayogI hai| mahAvIra ne dIrgha kAla taka satata sAdhanA dvArA sarvanatA prApta kI thii| unake yAtma-jAna meM pratyeka parivartana parilakSita hotA thA / unake siddhAMta zAzvata haiN| unheM deza-kAla kI sImA meM vaddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / varddhamAna kI vicAradhArA navIna samAja nirmANa meM sarvAdhika upayogI hai| vartamAna yuga vyaktivAdI hotA jA rahA hai| samAja aura rASTra ke prati use apane dAyitvoM kA bodha nahIM rahA / mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA isa dUpita prakRti se vimukha hone kA AzvAsana pradAna karatI hai / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne "jiyo aura jIne do" evaM "parasparopagrahI jIvAnAm" / jase maMgala sandeza die ina sandezoM meM sva-para ke samAna astitva kI kAmanA hai / paraspara upakAra karate hue jIvana vyatIta karanA hI vAstavika jIvana hai| samAja meM sabhI ke samAna astitva kA AzvAsana ho aura sabhI paraspara sukha-duHkhoM meM mahabhAgIdAra hoM, isase adhika svastha samAja aura samAjavAda kI sthApanA kI kalpanA bhI sambhava nahIM ho sakatI ! ina donoM sUtroM meM yaha sandeza nihita hai ki dUsare ke astiva' ko svayaM ke astitva ke samAna svIkAra karo / parigraha se vaco, atyadhika saMcaya kI dUSita pravRtti vyakti kI mAnasika cetanA ko kuNThita kara detI hai| sAmAjika aura AdhyAtmika jIvana meM aruci utpanna kara detI hai| vaha vyakti aura samAja donoM ke lie hI ghAtaka hai isalie mahAvIra ne dAna kA upadeza diyA / jaba taka samAja kI manovRtti meM parivartana nahIM AyegA, samasta prakriyAyeM niSphala hI hoNgii| tIrthaMkara kI vicAradhArA ne hiMsA ko sAmAjika jIvana se niSkAsita kara diyA thA, kintu bhautikavAdI yuga ke pratyeka caraNa ke sAtha hiMsA kI asata pravRtti samAja meM punaH vyApta ho gaI / yuddhoM kI vibhIpikA ke atirikta sAmAnya jana-jIvana bhI asurakSita ho gayA hai| mAMsAhArI pravRtti kA pracAra uttarottara bar3ha rahA hai / mAMsa-madirA ke niraMtara prayoga ke kAraNa manupya svastha jIvana vyatIta nahIM kara pA rahA hai| mAMsa kA prayoga zArIrika evaM mAnasika vikRtiyoM kA janaka hai / tIrthakara mahAvIra kI divya vANI se amRta chandaniHsRta hue| unhoMne kahA ki svayaM kI sAMsoM ke prati sabhI mamatA rakhate haiM,

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sAmAjika saMdarbha apane jIvana ko sabhI surakSita rakhanA cAhate haiM phira dUsare kI sAMsoM ko, jIvana ko samApta karane kA durAgraha kyoM ? samAja meM ahiMsA kI prANa pratiSThA karane hetu prabhu ne yahAM taka kahA-~grAcArya samaMtabhadra ke zabdoM meM-"ahiMsA bhUtAnAM jagati viditaM prmbrhm|" arthAt ahiMsA meM sAkSAt paramezvara kA nivAsa hai| spapTa hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne mAnavahRdaya meM nivAsa karane vAlI sad-asad pravRttiyoM ke adhyayana ke pazcAt hI apane siddhAMtoM kA pratipAdana kiyA thaa| prakRti kI samasta prakriyAoM meM ahiMsA vyApta hai| mAM ke adharoM para janmI loriyAM, parAe duHkhoM meM sahAyatA ke uThate hue hAtha, parAe duHkhoM meM dravita netra isake svayaM sAkSI haiM / isalie sukhada samAja kI racanA jinavAraNI ke zaraNa sevana meM hI nihita hai| pratyeka vyakti sikke ke usa pahalU ko dekhatA hai jisameM usakA svArtha nihita ho, usa pRSTha ko par3hatA hai jisameM usakA svArtha aMkita ho, kiMtu bhagavAn mahAvIra ne syAdvAda kI dRSTi meM vastu ko samajhakara aAcaraNa karane kA maMgala upadeza diyA / saMsAra meM aneka vipamatAtroM kA kAraNa dUsare ke dRSTikoNa ko na samajhate hue AcaraNa karanA hai| syAdvAdaM jIne kI kalA hai, satyaM taka pahuMcane kA acUka sAvana hai, dRpTiM nirmala karane kI aupadhi hai / vizva meM Adarza samAja kI sthApanA karanI hai to syAdvAda ke siddhAMtoM ko jIvana meM utAranA hogA, kyoMki syAdvAda pUrNa dI hai aura paraspara virodhoM kA parihAra karake samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa kA sRjana karatA hai| vaha vicAroM ko zuddhi pradAna kara manuSya ke mastiSka meM se haThapUrNa vicAroM ko dUra karake zuddha evaM satya vicAroM ke lie pratyeka mAnava kA AhvAna karatA hai aura yathArtha dRSTi kA nirmANa sukhI aura samAjavAdI samAja ke nirmANa kI maulika AvazyakatA hai| mukha eka manaHsthiti hai / sukha kI koI paribhApA nizcita karanA sambhava nahIM hai| kintu itanA nirvivAda rUpa se pramANita hai ki jo svatantra hai vaha sukhI hai| vyakti kI mvatatratA para bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sabase adhika jora diyaa| unake sandezoM kA sAra hai'parAdhIna rahakara jIvana vitAne se mRtyu zreSTha hai|" isa siddhAMta kA tIrthakara vANI meM carama vikAsa milatA hai / janma-mRtyu ke baMdhana bhI eka prakAra kI parataMtratA hai| isalie vikArI pravRttiyoM ke visarjana hetu samyak darzana samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra ko prAcaraNa meM utArane kA maMgala upadeza diyaa| prAdhyAtmika dRSTi se isakA jitanA mahattva hai, utanA hI sAmAjika dRSTi meM / sAmAjika viSamatAoM kA mukhya kAraNa hai-vyaktiyoM ko dRpita vicAradhArA, anAnatA aura AcaraNa meM zithilAcAra / yadi pratyeka vyakti darzana, nAna, nAgina kI triveNI kA sevana kare tabhI bhArata meM, vizva meM hama Adarza samAja kI sthApanA ko sAkAra dekha sakate haiN| pratyeka rASTra janatA kI ajJAnatA ko dUra karane ke lie sabase adhika vyaya zikSA para karatA hai tAki janatA meM jJAna kA vikAsa ho aura svanya dRSTikogA vane, sAmAjika rIti-rivAjoM ke anukUla samAja kA AcaraNa ho aura ga prakAra yAcaraNoM ko niyaMtrita karane hetu aneka kAnUna-kAyade pratyeka deza meM pracalita haiM, parantu inakA paripAlana eka samasyA banI huI hai| kAraNa manupya kI svArthI buddhi

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paraspara upakAra karate hue jInA hI vAstavika jIvana kahIM na kahIM ina vaidhAnika prAvadhAnoM se bacane ke upAya khojatI rahatI hai / vaidhAnika prAvadhAnoM se pAlana ke vAstavika samAdhAna kI ora gambhIratA pUrvaka vicAra hI nahIM kiyA jaataa| manuSya kA hRdaya sad-asad pravRtiyoM kA adbhuta saMgama hai / dharma mAnava kA asad pravRttiyoM ko naSTa karane vAlA sabase prabhAvaka satya hai / kintu vijJAna kI cakAcauMdha dharma ko prati kSaNa manupya ke hRdaya se dUra karatI jA rahI hai / manuSya kA jIvana bhautika sukhoM kI upalabdhiyAM khojane vAlA yaMtramAtra bana gayA hai, usakA bhAvAtmaka pahalU pratikSaraNa TUTa rahA hai| yadi yahI sthiti rahI to manuSya yaMtra mAtra banakara raha jaayegaa| isalie sukhI samAja kI racanA ke lie use tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke siddhAMtoM ke anurUpa DhAlanA hogA, samyaka dRSTikoNa, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra kI pratiSThA karanI hogii| ' vyaktiyoM kI ikAI kI saMyukti vizva hai / bUda-bUda kI saMyukti sAgara hai| isalie Adarza samAja kI racanA hetu vyakti kA hita dekhanA hogA, usakA zRMgAra karanA hogaa| mAnava-mAtra kA maMgalamaya bhaviSya hI navIna samAja kA svarUpa ho sakatA hai| varddhamAna mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA vAstava meM pratyeka yuga ke lie mUlyavAna dastAveja hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke paccIsa sau varSa pUrva ke upadeza aise pratIta hote haiM, mAnoM vartamAna yuga ke lie bhavipya vAraNI hoM / tIrthaMkara ne kahA thA-jAti aura kula ke bandhana kRtrima haiM / jisakA AcaraNa Adarza ho, vahI zreSTha hai| pThatA janma kI kasauTI para pramANita honI caahie| sabhI prANiyoM meM samAna AtmAyeM haiM / ve mAtra karmoM ke kAraNa pRthaka-pRthak gatiyoM meM bhramaNa kara rahI haiN| pratyeka vyakti meM paramAtmA banane kI zakti nihita hai, jise kramazaH bhAvanAoM aura AcaraNa kI vizuddhi se hI upalabdha kiyA jA sakatA hai / tIrthaMkara ne pratyeka vyakti ke lie aisA punIta gaMtavya nizcita kiyA / yadi pratyeka vyakti athavA samAja kA vahumata isa punIta gaMtavya ko apanA lakSya banA le to prAdarza samAja kI sthApanA sahaja aura sambhava hai / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA kA mUla uddezya paramAtma tatva kI upalabdhi kA mArga hai| unakI vicAradhArA nivRttimUlaka hai, kintu Atma-kalyANa aura loka-kalyANa mukti ke pathika kI mAnasa-santAneM haiN| prAtmakalyANa aura loka-kalyANa eka sImA taka sAtha-sAtha calate haiM / isIlie mahAvIra ne apanI vicAradhArA ko syAdvAda meM vyakta kiyA aura paramAtma tatva kI upalabdhi hI jinakA eka mAtra sAdhana hai, aise sAdhu kI evaM gRhastha jIvana meM rahakara bhI dharma-sAdhanA kara sake, aise vyaktiyoM kI AcAra saMhitA pRthak-pRthak nirdhArita kI / Adarza samAja ke vyakti kA AcaraNa kaisA ho, isalie vyakti kI dinacaryA taka niyata karadI / deva-darzana, guru-upAsanA svAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa aura dAna ye dainika SaT karma pratyeka vyakti ke lie Avazyaka mAne gae haiM / ina chaH kAryoM meM aneka samasyAoM kA samAdhAna nihita hai| vyakti ke prAdhyAtmika, mAnasika evaM naitika cetanA kA yaha maMgala sUtra hai / isameM vyakti ko Adarza banAne kI apAra kSamatA hai| vyakti ke AcaraNa ko Adarza banAe binA Adarza samAja kI kAmanA mAtra kalpanA hai / ataeva kahA jA sakatA hai ki navIna samAja-racanA kA maMgala bhaviSya, tIrthaMkara vANI meM nihita he|

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sAmAjika saMdarbha ( 4 ) navIna samAja-racanA syAdvAda para AdhArita ho * zrI javAharalAla mUNota bhArata ke par3he-likhe varga ke liye, yaha viSaya-vastu kutUhala kA viSaya pratIta hogaa| bhalA mahAvIra-vicAradhArA kA Adhunika yuga kI samasyAoM se tAla-mela kaise ho sakatA hai ? ve pUchege-hama mAnate haiM, mahApurupa the zrI mhaaviir| apane yuga meM unhoMne samAja kI maMracanA meM bahuta mahattvapUrNa yoga-dAna diyA hogA / Aja bhI lAkhoM-lAkhoM logoM ke lie ve bhagavAna tIrthakara haiN| yaha saba to ThIka hai lekina yaha batalAiye ki isa yuga kI jaTila samasyAoM ke liye hama mahAvIra ke pAsa kaise jAyeM ? usase kyA honA jAnA hai ? isa prakAra ke vicAroM ko Apa anadekhA nahIM kara sakate / agara mahAvIra ke mahattva ko AdhunikatA ke saMdarbha meM samajhanA-parakhanA hai to ina logoM kI zaMkAoM kA javAba denA hI hogA / kevala zraddhAlu janatA ke mana para par3I mahAvIra kI chApa se hI to mahAvIra kI isa yuga kI asaMdigdha upAdeyatA ko jAMcA nahIM jA sktaa| __maiMne jisa zaMkA kI ora saMketa kiyA hai, usakA pahalA aura pramukha natIjA yaha nikalatA hai ki hamAre par3he-likhe prabuddha varga ke lie, mahAvIra kevala eka aitihAsika mahattva ke vyakti bana gaye haiM / para hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki mahAvIra itihAsa ke eka adhyAya nahIM, mAnava-jIvana ko jJAna dvArA pariSkRta karane ke zAzvata hathiyAra haiN| mahAvIra kA isa yuga ke lie sabase adhika samIcIna aura upayukta saMdarbha hai-anekAMta athavA syAdvAda / Apa kaheMge, isa yuga kI (aura vastutaH pratyeka yuga kI) samasyA mUlarUpa se hiMsA kI hI hai| pichale pAMca hajAra varasoM ke AdamI ke itihAsa kA sadA harA adhyAya kevala hiMsA kA hai / pAMca hajAra varasoM meM AdamI ne kaI hajAra lar3AiyAM lar3I haiM aura jaise-jaise saMhAraka zaktiyAM pragati karatI gaI haiM, saMhAra kA tANDava virAT hotA jA rahA hai| agara mahAvIra vANI kI Aja punasthApanA karanI hai to unake ahiMsA ke upadeza kA hI vyApaka pracAra karanA hogaa| para isa sambandha meM merI vinatI hai ki saMdarbhahIna ahiMsA kI bAta kama gale utregii| isake lie hameM socanA hogA ki Akhira hiMsA kahAM janma letI hai ? samAja meM, vyakti ke mana meM, usakI zikSA-dIkSA meM ? aura agara hiMsA kA janma isa jaTila sAmAjika pariveza meM paidA hotA hai, panapatA hai, to use kaise samApta kareMge ? isake lie mAnasika vaicArika hiMsA kI pravRtti ko rokanA hogaa| maiM Apa logo kA vyAna, isI saMdarbha meM, eka mahattvapUrNa bAta kI ora khIMca rahA hai| saMsAra kI zikSA, saMskRti aura vaijJAnika vikAsa kI sArvadezika saMsthA yUnesko

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navIna samAja racanA syAdvAda para AdhArita ho svAbhAvika ho, jagat kI bigar3atI mAnasika duravasthA se ciMtita hai / 1971 ke varSa ko isa saMsthA ne 'raMga-vAda aura raMga-bheda se saMgharSa' kA varSa mAnakara sArI duniyA meM manAyA / duniyA bhara ke vidvAn, vicAraka aura tattvavettA isa gahana savAla para vicAra karane lage ki kama se kama bhaviSya meM saMsAra meM raMga-bheda se utpanna tanAva va hiMsA ko to samApta kiyA jA sake / lekina yUnesko ke vicArakoM ko kyA najara grAyA ? suniye - 23 * jagat ke mahAn tatvavettA aura ciMtaka prophesara levI sTrAsa ne atyanta viSAdapUrNa svaroM meM kahA :- "hamAre pAsa yaha kahane ke liye koI AdhAra nahIM hai ki saMsAra meM raMga-bheda kama ho rahA hai / " yaha saca hai ki sArI duniyA meM asahiSNutA barAvara bar3ha rahI hai / Aja ko duniyA meM bhinna-bhinna rAjyoM aura vicAradhArAtroM meM Apasa meM samajhautA ho bhI jAya to bhI isa jagat ke loga Apasa meM prema aura sadbhAva se nahIM raha sakeMge / zrAja to insAniyata apane grApa se napharata karane laga gaI hai| raMga-vAda asala meM to, AdamI kI prAdamI ke prati asahiSNutA aura tagrassuva kA hI dUsarA nAma hai / samAjazAstriyoM, manovaijJAnikoM zrI nRtattvajJoM kI varasoM kI khoja bIna aura anusandhAna kA nicor3a yahI hai ki vAstavika samasyA hai-- grAdamI ke isa saMsAra ke anya jIvoM ke sAtha ke sambandha kI / pazcimI saMskRti, ne, AdamI ko svayaM apane grAtmAbhimAna kI ijjata to dI parantu use yahI samajhAyA gayA ki vaha isa sRSTi kA mAlika hai, nirmANa kA kartA hai | isakA natIjA yaha huA ki usane anya jIvoM kA grAdara karanA chor3a diyA / mAnasika hiMsA kA yahI asalI svarUpa hai / prophesara sTrAsa se pUchA gayA - vaijJAnika vicAradhArA kA prasAra aura pracAra, kyA isa raMga-bheda ke viSa ko samApta nahIM kara DAlegA ? prophesara sAhaba ne kahA- nhiiN| isa bAre meM to hama sava nRtattvajJa aura samAjazAstrI ekamata haiM / kevala jJAna kA prasAra, vijJAna kA pracAra aura AvAgamana tathA saMcAra sAdhanoM kA vizvavyApI phailAva, manuSya ko mAnavatA se aura apane Apa se sahaja aura upayukta rUpa se jInA nahIM sikhalA sakegA / aisA manuSya - vaijJAnika, vizva kA bhaviSya kA insAna, tava vividhatA ke prati zrAdara hI kho baiThegA aura samAnatA ke nAma para saMhAraka - ekatA kI pratiSThA karane lagegA / AdamI kA saMkaTa, kevala jJAna aura pUrvAgrahoM ko dUra karane kA hI saMkaTa nahIM hai / yahI hotA to sampUrNa suzikSita samAja, hiMsA-dvapa se pare, eka Adarza samAja ho sakatA thA, parantu aisA to hai nahIM / taba ? hama itihAsa ke cakra ko to badala nahIM sakate / purAnI samAja vyavasthA meM jA nahIM sakate / pIche lauTanA mumakina hai / Age bar3hanA sacamuca meM pragati nahIM, vinAza kA navIna rAstA nApanA hI hai / * yUnesko ke vidvAna vicAraka cupa ho gaye / ve kevala AdamI ke bhaviSya ke itihAsa ke parivartana para bharosA kara sakate haiM / kAza, unheM mahAvIra yAda AtA / ( vaise - prophesara sAhaba ne kahA bhI -- merI icchA hai, hara jagaha kA AdamI isa bAre meM - buddha tathA pUrvI dezoM ke darzana se preraNA graharaNa kare / saba prakAra ke jIvoM ke prati sampUrNa yAdara aura zraddhA hI grAdamI ke bhaviSya ko ujjvala rUpa de sakatI hai 1 )

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sAmAjika saMdarbha isa prakAra Apane dekhA ki AdamI ko samatA, samAnatA, vizvabaMdhutva aura svataMtratA kI sArI kalpanAeM aura vicAradhArAeM paMgu haiM jaba taka ki inake sAtha kevala mAnava nahIM, samasta jIva-jaMgama ke prati Adara kA bhAva paidA nahIM hotA / aura yahIM para mahAvIra ke vicAroM kA javaradasta mahattva hai / kevala anekAnta hI, hamArI asahiSNutA kI, pUrvAgrahoM kI aura manamAnI kI vicAradhArAtroM ko nayA rUpa de sakatA hai / syAdvAda kA vyApaka prasAra aura bAlakoM ko zaizavAvasthA se hI syAdvAda kA zikSaraNa hameM kevala apane prati hI nahIM, samasta mAnava jAti evaM anya jIvoM ke prati cAdara aura anurAga utpanna karavAne meM saphala ho sakatA hai / 64 isIliye, mahAvIra kA mahattva, grAja ke yuga meM, kevala aitihAsika nahIM, atyanta sAmayika hai | vijJAna ke prArambhika vikAsa ke dinoM meM, mAnavIya ahaMkAra ne, adhyAtmaka darzanoM ko upekSA se dekhanA sikhalA diyA thaa| lekina java yaha dekhA gayA ki vijJAna kA carama utkarSa, nAjI jarmanI ke rAkSasa ko janma de sakatA hai, bhautika samRddhi ke svarga amarIkA kA upasaMhAra viyatanAma kI varvaratA se zurU ho jAtA hai aura sAre vikasita dezoM kA vijJAna, jagara ke pradUparaNa aura vAtAvaraNa ko vipAkta hone ko rokane meM asamartha ho rahA hai, to hameM Adhunika insAna ko bacAne, usakA trAraNa karane ke lie, mahAvIra ke syAdvAda ko hI vyavahAra meM lAnA hogA /

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tRtIya khaNDa DOO Arthika saMdarbha

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17 samAjavAdI artha-vyavasthA aura mahAvIra * zrI zAnticandra mehatA jajajajajajajajajaja samagra jIvana ke pravAha meM jo saMskAra Dhalate haiM unase sabhyatA evaM saMskRti kA nirmANa hotA hai aura dUradarzI jJAna-dRSTi se darzana janma letA hai / dArzanika dharAtala jisa saMskRti ko upalabdha hotA hai, vaha saMskRti dIrghajIvI banatI hai| pIr3hiyAM janma letI haiM aura kAla ke gAla meM samAtI rahatI haiM, kintu zreSTha darzana evaM utkRSTa saMskRti kA jIvanakAla kaI vAra yugoM taka calatA rahatA hai / yaha usa mahApurupa kI yuga pravartaka zakti kA dyotaka hotA hai, jo apane maulika cintana ke AdhAra para navIna darzana ko janma detA hai aura pravAhita hone vAlI saMskRti ko nayA mor3a pradAna karatA hai| mahAvIra aise hI yugapravartaka mahApuruSa the| bhArata kI dArzanika tridhArA : bhArata bhUmi kI jJAna evaM karma garimA itanI samunnata rahI hai ki yahAM dArzanikoM cintakoM evaM sAvakoM kA prabhAva sadaiva sarvopari rahA / maulika vicAroM kI jJAna-gaMgA yahIM se udgamita hokara samasta saMsAra meM bahatI rhii| prAcIna bhArata kI jisa dArzanika tridhArA kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai, unameM vedAnta, jaina aura vauddha darzana kI dhArAoM kA samAveza mAnA jAtA hai / isa vidhArA meM mAnava-jIvana ke AdhArabhUta darzana ke tIna bindu tIna rUpoM meM dikhAI dete haiN| ___ yoM to jaina dharma anAdikAlIna mAnA gayA hai tathA isa kAla khaMDa meM isake Adipravartaka RSabhadeva mAne gaye haiM, kintu vartamAna jaina darzana ke pravartaka mahAvIra hI haiM jo tIrthaMkaroM kI zrRMkhalA meM cauvIsaveM tIrthaMkara haiN| Aja se DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva unhoMne jo darzana diyA, usI ke prAcIna evaM arvAcIna mahattva kA unakI 25vIM janma zatI para mUlyAMkana karane kA hama yahAM choTA sA prayAsa kara rahe haiM / yaha mUlyAMkana aAdhunika samAjavAdI artha vyavasthA kI dRSTi se hogaa| tridhArA ke ve tIna bindu : prAcIna dArzanika vicAra dhArA meM manuSya se Upara Izvara, prakRti yA anya zakti kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai / manuSya ke kartRtva ko sarvoccatA dhIre-dhIre bAda meM milane lagI hai varanA vedAnta darzana ke anusAra sRSTi kA kartA bhI Izvara ko mAnA gayA hai| Izvara kA

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Arthika saMdarbha rUpa bhI yaha mAnA gayA jo sadA Izvara thA aura Izvara rahegA / isa mAnyatA ke viruddha nara se nArAyaNa kA vicAra vAda meM calA / jaina darzana meM 'yAtmA hI paramAtmA banatI hai-yaha karma siddhAnta prAraMbha se hI thA / bauddha darzana meM prAtmA ko 'kSaNe-kSaNe parivartana zIla' kahakara deha ke samAna nazvara batA diyA gyaa| vidhArA ke ve tIna vindu isa prakAra nityavAda (vedAnta), anityavAda (bauddha) tathA nityAnityavAda athavA syAvAda (jaina) ke rUpa meM ubhare / janoM kA yaha syAvAda apekSAvAda bhI kahalAtA hai / mahAvIra kA vicAra thA ki kisI bhI tattva para ekAMgI dRSTi nahIM honI cAhiye balki usake svarUpa ko sabhI apekSAmoM se jAnanA caahiye| vastu-svalpa kA sarvAgINa darzana hI satya se sAkSAtkAra karA sakatA hai| isa vidhArA meM vicAra samanvaya kA mArga kevala mahAvIra ne hI dikhAyA athavA ise yoM kaheM ki samAja ke pratyeka sadasya kI vaicArikatA ko jagAne kA usa yuga meM yaha pahalA prayAsa thaa| mahAvIra ke syAhAda kA samAjavAdI darzana kI dRSTi se yaha mahattva hai ki jahAM vicAra-kSetra meM bhI vyakti taMtra cala rahA thA, vahAM mahAvIra ne use sabase pahale sAmAjika svarUpa pradAna kiyA ki pratyeka ke vicAra meM kucha na kucha satyAMza hotA hai, isaliye pratyeka ke vicAra kA samAdara karo aura vikhare hue satyAMgoM ko jor3akara pUrNa satya kI upalabdhi kI aora yatnazIla raho / vyakti se samAja kI ora dekhane kA yaha spaSTa saMketa thaa| vyakti aura samAja ke sambandhoM kI zuruvAta : vyakti-vyakti ke saha-jIvana se hI samAja kI racanA hotI hai aura yaha saha-jIvana kA krama jitanA ghaniSTha hotA gayA hai, sAmAjikatA kA kSetra abhivRddha hotA rahA hai| sahI haiM ki samAja kI AdhArazilA vyakti para TikI hai tathA vyaktiyoM ke samUha athavA vyaktisamUhoM ke samUha kA nAma hI to mAnava samAja hai| ye vyakti samUha kSetra, dharma, saMskRti athavA anya AdhAroM para nirmita hote rahe haiM, kintu 'artha', ina samUhoM ke saMghaTana aura . vighaTana kA pramukha AdhAra rahA hai / yaha tathya samAja-vikAsa ke vaijJAnika itihAsa se spaSTa ujAgara hotA hai| isa vaijJAnika itihAsa kA mAnanA hai ki Adima kAlIna mAnava svataMtra thA, samAjabaddha nahIM thA kyoMki taba na to arjana kI AvazyakatA thI aura na sampatti ke svAmitva kA abhyudaya hI huA thA / use prakRti se jIvana-nirvAha ke sAdhana mila jAte the aura vaha nizcinta thaa| kintu jaba prakRti kI kRpA kama hone lagI, taba manuSya ko apane zrama kI AvazyakatA huii| pazu-pAlana se kRpi kA AviSkAraM isI krama meM huA / kRpi ne manuSya ke ekAkIpana ko tor3a diyaa| use samUha (pahale parivAra, phira jAti Adi) banAkara eka sthAna para vasane kI AvazyakatA ho gii| jisa kheta ko vaha jotatA thA, vaha usakI apanI sampatti mAnA jAne lgaa| isa taraha samAja meM artha ne kendra sthAna banAnA zurU kiyaa| samAja niyaMtraNa kI Dora usa varga ke hAtha meM rahane lagI jo artha-vyavasthA ko apane hAtha meM rakha sakatA thA / sAmantavAda se pUjIvAda tathA sAmrAjyavATa taka kA vikAsa isI sthiti ko spaSTa karatA hai| atenbesan

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samAjavAdI artha vyavasthA aura mahAvIra kintu taba taka bhI vyaktivAda hI pramukha rUpa se pracalita thA grarthAn vyakti kI hI sattA samAja vyavasthA kI dhurI thI / vyaktiyoM kA saha-jIvana jarUra thA kintu sattA meM taba bhI vyakti hI rahA / pahale sAmanta samAja ko calAtA thA vaha eka sthAna para baiThatA thA, kintu sarvatra ghUmane vAle pUMjIpati ne apanI pUMjI ke bala para usase UMcI aura vistRta sattA hathiyAlI / itI pUMjIvAda ne jaba rASTrIya sImAeM lAMghakara yAge bar3hanA zurU kiyA to anya dezoM meM vaha artha ke bala para rAjya sattA hathiyAne lagA / isane hI sAmrAjyavAda aura upanivezavAda ko janma diyA / vyaktivAdI vyavasthA kA yaha carama rUpa thA jo afteryakavAda taka phailA / && sAmAjika zakti kA prabhyudaya : vyakti se hI samAja vanatA hai kintu saMgaThita samAja svayaM eka naI zakti ke rUpa meM ubharatA hai. unakI anubhUti vyaktivAdI vyavasthA ke carama vindu taka pahu~cane para hone lagI / jaba taka rAjataMtra samUha taMtra aura pUMjI taMtra calA-vyakti ke vyaktitva meM sAmAjikanisAra nahIM zrAyA kintu ina taMtroM kI burAiyoM ne vipama rUpa grahaNa karake vyakti jAgrati kA zrIgaNeza kiyA / paraspara sahakAra kI dRSTi se sAmAjikatA kA vikAsa to pahale ho cukA thA kintu sAmAjika zakti kA prabhyudaya 17vIM zatAbdI ( I0pa0) se hI hone lagA | iMgalaiMDa meM rAjA kI jagaha saMsad prabhAvazAlI hone lagI to aise hI janavAdI parivartana anya dezoM meM bhI prArambha hue / eka-jana kA mUlya kama hone lagA, sarvajana kA mahattva bar3hane lagA | sAmAjika zakti ke abhyudaya ne hI grAdhunika samAjavAdI darzana evaM artha vyavasthA ko janma diyA / rAjya sattA ke grAdhAra para hI pUMjIvAda bhinna-bhinna dezoM meM sAmrAjyavAda ke rUpa meM panapA thA, ataH isa navodita sAmAjika zakti ne rAjya sattA prApta karane ko apanA pahalA lakSya banAyA ki jisake bala para rAjanItika se lekara Arthika evaM sAmAjika parivartanoM kA sUtrapAta kiyA jA ske| isa vicAra ne janataMtra ko janma diyA / janatA kA, janatA ke liye, janatA dvArA zAsana ho - yaha janataMtra kA AdhAra bindu banAyA gayA / rAjanaitika rUpa se janataMtra ke prayoga ke sAtha-sAtha grArthika dRSTi se samAjavAdI artha - vyavasthA kA vicAra paidA huA aura alaga-alaga rUpoM meM phailA / yUropIya kSetroM meM vibhinna vicArakoM ne samAjavAda ke vicAra ko vibhinna rUpoM meM prastuta kiyA tathA use alaga-alaga nAma diye / kintu jarmanI ke dArzanika kArla mArksa ne samAjavAdI darzana ko aisA mUrta rUpa diyA jo grArthika ke sAtha eka sampUrNa jIvana paddhati kA citra upasthita karatA thA aura jaba isa darzana ko rUsa, cIna Adi rASTroM ne vyavahAra meM liyA to deza, kAla ke bheda ko chor3akara yaha vyaktivAdI samAja-vyavasthA meM krAntikArI parivartana lAne kI dRSTi se samAna rUpa se upayogI siddha huA / kArla mAksa kA samAjavAdI darzana : manuSya ko pragati kA mUla batAte hue mArksa ke samAjavAdI darzana kA sAra yaha CAS 15. yet they went for "*

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100 Arthika saMdarbha ki vyakti kA jIvana zrama para AdhArita ho tathA sampatti kA svAmitva samAja meM nihita kiyA jAya / Arthika vipamatA ko miTAne kI dRSTi se unakA mAnanA thA ki sabase bar3I, vAdhaka sthiti vyaktigata svAmitva kI hai / vyaktigata svAmitva hI svArtha kA janaka hotA hai tathA svArtha manuSya ko 'bhUkhA bher3iyA' banAye rakhatA hai / kamyUnsa kI paddhati para mArksa kA samAjavAdI darzana AdhArita thA ataH usakA nAma' 'kamyUnijma' par3A, jisakA hindI . rUpAntara sAmyavAda hai| mArksa ne apane samAjavAdI Arthika darzana ke tIna sopAna batAye haiN| pahale sopAna kA nAma unhoMne samAjavAdI sopAna diyA hai jisa stara para samAja meM sabhI apanI zakti ke anusAra parizrama kare tathA parizrama ke anusAra pArizramika prApta kareM / jaba taka samAja meM savako roTI nahIM mile tava taka kisI ko bhI mAlapuA khAne kA adhikAra nahIM ho| isa stara para se java samAja Upara uThe to vaha sAmyavAdI sopAna para praveza kregaa| isa stara para sava zaktibhara parizrama kareMge, kintu lege apanI AvazyakatA ke anusAra / jaise ki eka zramika ko anna adhika cAhiye to eka prAdhyApaka ko dUdha adhika caahiye| tIsare sopAna kI kalpanA eka Adarza sopAna ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai jise arAjakatAvAda kA nAma diyA gayA hai / arAjakatAvAda kI avasthA meM zakti bhara zrama kintu samAna vitaraNa kI praNAlI prArambha ho jAyagI tathA rAjya sUkhe patte kI taraha khira jAyagA aura mAnava samAja svAnuzAsita ho jaaygaa| isa samAjavAdI darzana kA mUlAdhAra mAnava samatA hai / cAhe rAjanIti kA kSetra ho athavA artha kA yA anya kSetra ho-pratyeka manuSya ke sAmane vikAsa ke samAna avasara evaM sAdhana upalabdha ho--ise samAjavAda kA mUla siddhAnta mAnA gayA hai| saphala samAjavAdI vyavasthA vahI hogI jisameM samagra samAnatA ke AdhAra para pratyeka manuSya ko uThane aura bar3hane kI suvidhA prApta ho / mAnava-mAtra kI samAnatA isa darzana kA vyAvahArika lakSya hai / vyakti se samAja aura samAja meM vyakti : eka vyakti eka saMsthA kI sthApanA karatA hai usake saMvidhAna evaM niyamopaniyamoM kI racanA karatA hai, phira yadi vahI vyakti usake saMvidhAna ko tor3e to kyA saMsthA usakI kRti hote hue bhI usake anuzAsana-bhaMga ko sahana karegI ? rASTrapati bhI rASTra ke saMvidhAna kA ullaMghana karane para daMDita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki vyakti dvArA saMgaThita hone para bhI samAja kI eka aisI viziSTa zakti banatI hai jo vyakti ko niyaMtrita aura anuzAsita rakhatI hai| vijJAna kI AzAtIta pragati evaM mAnava samparka meM samIpatA A jAne ke kAraNa sAmAjika zakti adhikAdhika pravala banI hai| jana-cetanA kI jAgRti bhI isakA eka pramukha kAraNa hai / vyakti se samAja kI ora jAte hue bhI samAja meM vyakti kI sthiti ko santulita banAye rakhanA hI samAjavAdI artha vyavasthA kA mukhya dhyeya hotA hai / vyakti ke svArtha para aMkuza lagAye vinA samAja kA hita sAdhana saMbhava nahIM hotaa| 'bahujanahitAya' se hI 'sarvajanahitAya' taka pahuMcA jA skegaa|

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samAjavAdI artha - vyavasthA aura mahAvIra vyakti evaM samAja ke pArasparika samvandhoM kI Adhunika samAjavAdI artha vyavasthA ke saMdarbha meM mImAMsA kareM to spaSTa hogA ki vyakti ke svArtha se samAja ke hita ko Upara sthAna diyA gayA hai / vyakti samAja ke liye tyAga kare yaha samAjavAdI kI preraNA hai aura vyakti jitanA adhika tyAga karatA hai yA ki karane ke liye prerita kiyA jAtA hai, utanI hI samAjavAdI artha vyavasthA adhikAdhika sudRr3ha vanatI hai / vyakti aura samAja kI gati samAjavAdI vyavasthA meM paraspara sahayogAtmaka honI cAhiye na ki saMgharSa mUlaka / jahAM vyakti aura samAja ke bIca saMgharSa uThatA hai, vahAM sAmAjika hitoM ko pramukhatA dI jAyagI / samAjavAdI vyavasthA meM vyakti samAja kA pUraka hogA, na ki adhinAyaka / sabakI icchA kA zAsana eka kI icchA kA zAsana nahIM hotA / 101 jo mArsa ne bAda meM kahA, use mahAvIra ne bahuta pahale dekhA : yAdhunika samAjavAdI artha vyavasthA ke mUla meM jhAMkeM to ye tatva dRSTigata hoMge ki manuSya sAmAjika dRSTi se choTA var3A nahIM, samAna hotA hai tathA usakI pragati meM artha kA nahIM balki guraNa kA varcasva honA cAhiye / grArthika kSetra meM vipamatA kI jar3a kaTanI cAhiye tathA avasaroM, sAdhanA yAdi meM samAnatA AnI cAhiye / sabase mukhya bAta yaha hai manuSya ke sira para nahIM pairoM meM honA cAhiye / mArksa ke samAjavAdI darzana kI vyAkhyA kA antaH marma yahI thA ki jaise eka parivAra meM arjana karane vAlA yuvaka apane se bhI adhika suvidhAeM, arjana na karane vAle grapane vRddha mAtA-pitA aura apane baccoM ko denA cAhatA hai aura phira bhI usameM khuzI mAnatA hai, usI taraha kA vyavahAra sAre samAja meM prasArita ho jAnA cAhiye / sneha ke aise hI sUtra meM sAre samAja ko koI bAMdha sakatA hai to unakA vicAra thA ki vaha samAnatA kA tattva hI ho sakatA hai / mahAvIra aura mArksa ko jaba darzana kI sthiti se dekhate haiM to samajha meM AtA hai ki jo mArksa ne bahuta bAda meM kahA, use mahAvIra ne unase bhI do hajAra varSa pahale dekhA / yaha unakI vilakSaraNa dUradRSTi kA paricAyaka hai / eka prakAra se mArksa ne to usa samaya kI paristhitiyoM kA vizleSaNa karake vyaktiMvAdI vyavasthA se samAja ko mukta karAne ke liye apane darzana ko prastuta kiyA to mahAvIra ne grAja se DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva kaThina vyaktivAdI vyavasthA meM apane pratyeka siddhAMta meM samAjavAdI vyavasthA ke vicAroM kA bIjAMkuraNa kiyA / jaba vibhinna dArzanikoM ke vicAroM meM spaSTa vyaktivAda kI hI chApa thI taba mahAvIra apane maulika siddhAMtoM meM vyakti ko isa rUpa meM prabhAvita kiyA ki vaha vicAroM ke kSetra meM dUsaroM ke vicAroM kA samAdara kare zrIra apane kArya kSetra ko itanA sImita rakhe ha kahIM bhI anya ko kleza na pahuMcAve / parigraha kI maryAdA kA bhI sabase pahale unhoMne hI upadeza diyA jisakA prayojana vyakti-saMyama se lekara samAja meM sama-vitaraNa thA / sAmAjika By mar3ane

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zakti ke mahattva ko samajhane evaM gamAjavAdI artha gavasthA kA vimAge meM gumazAna karane vAle mahAvIra saMbhavanaH pahale aitihAminA pukAra / samAjavAdI artha-vyavasthA ke saMdarbha meM mahAna ne aparigAbAda evaM nyamikSAMnA para yahAM thor3I sI vivecanA kre| aparigrahavAda kI mUla preraNA : mahAvIra kA aparigrahavAda gayA hai-ige samajhane ke liye pAne parisara ko namananA hogA kyoMki jo parisaha kI virodhinI vicAradhArA hai, vahIM agnityAdi / town moTe taura para parigraha kA artha hai---dhana-dhAnya, mAna-manala sampati maadi| jo svayaM mudrA ho athavA mudrA meM parivartanIya ho vaha gava parisaha kahalAtA hai rinnu mahAvIra eka maulika evaM sUkSma cintaka the, unhoMne bAhara ke parisaha ne Age bar3hanAra ke bhInI prabhAva ko rAMkA tathA sabase pahale bhItara ko jagAne kA prayAsa kiyaa| bAntarikatA ko mor3a de dena para bAhara ko gor3anA kAThina nahIM rahanA / ataH parigaha kI unhoMne nimna vyAkhyA kI :--- "mucchA paringahoarthAn mUrchA hI parigraha hai| parigraha kI sUkSma paribhASA meM unhoMne sampani ko nahIM . sampatti ke prati manuSya ke mamatva ko parigaha kA mUla batAyA / yadi manupya ke mana meM mamatva gADhA he to hakIkata meM sampatti pAsa meM nahI hone para bhI usakI gampatti pAne kI lAlasA ati tIvra hogI aura usake prayAsa adhika yAnAmaka hoMge / Adhunika bhApA meM yaha pUjIpati nahIM hote hue bhI pakkA pUMjIvAdI hogaa| dUsarI ora eka manuSya ke pAma pAra nampatti hai lekina usakA mamatva usameM nahIM hai to usakA jIvana kIcar3a meM rahe hae kamala ke samAna ho sakatA hai, jisase vaha udAramanA hogA tathA mahAtmA gAMdhI kI bhASA meM namAja kI sampatti kA vaha dRsTI mAtra hogA / ___ sampatti ke svAmitva kA prazna isa dRSTi ne mUrchA yA mamatA kI bhAvanA para hI TikA huA hai| vyakti svAmitva ke samarthaka ve hI loga hoMge jinakI mamatA pragADha hotI hai| ve samajhate hai ki jo sampatti unheM prApta hai athavA jise ve prApta karege usa para unhIM kA svAmitva honA cAhiye tAki usakA ve tathA unakI santAna hI upayoga kara ske| uttarAdhikAra kA siddhAMta bhI vyakti svAmitva ko hI upaja hai / vyakti svAmitva se hI tRSNA kA gherA bar3hatA rahatA hai aura mAnava-mana kA isa kucakra se bAhara nikalanA duSkara ho jAtA hai / mahAvIra ne eka ora vyakti se kahA ki vaha isa sampatti ke prati apanI mamatA ko, miTAye aura tyAga kI vRtti apanAye tathA dUsarI ora parigraha parimANa vrata ke jariye. upabhogya padArtho ke sAre samAja meM sama-vitaraNa yA nyAyapUrNa vitaraNa kA apratyakSa prayAsa kiyaa| unake aparigrahavAda kI mUla preraNA vyaktigata me bhI adhika sAmAjika hai /

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103 samAjavAdI artha-vyavasthA aura mahAvIra mahAvIra kI sAdhu saMsthA aura zuddha sAmyavAda : mahAvIra ne aparigrahavAda kA mUrta rUpa apanI sAdhu saMsthA ko dekara samAjavAdI artha - vyavasthA kA eka grAdarza pratIka avazya khar3A kiyA thA / isa sAdhu saMsthA kI vyavasthA ko mArksa ke sAmyavAda kI dRSTi se dekheM to vaha zuddha sAmyavAdI pratIta hogI / jaise mArksa ne apane samAjavAdI darzana ke tIsare sopAna kI kalpanA kI hai ki sabhI zakti bhara parizrama kareMge aura sama-vitaraNa prApta kareMge to vahI sthiti mahAvIra kI sAdhu saMsthA kI hai / eka prakAra se yaha sthiti usase bhI UMcI hai kyoMki sAbu saMsthA meM parigraha ke sAtha usake prati mamatva kA bhI prabhAva milegA-vAhya ke sAtha grAntarika sthiti bhI sudRr3ha milegI / mahAvIra dvArA 'grAcArAMga mUtra' meM nirdezita yAcAra kA pAlana karane vAlA sAdhu apanA sampUrNa sAMsArika vaibhava tathA usake prati apane moha ko bhI tyAga kara dIkSita hotA hai / isakA artha hai ki vaha vyaktivAda kI sArI parithiyoM ko lAMghakara sAre samAja kA ho jAtA hai / yaha dIkSA vyaSTi kA samaSTi meM vilayana rUpa hotI hai / lokahita hetu zrAtmanirmANa meM pratyeka sAdhu yA sAdhvI apane sampUrNa manoyoga se kAryarata ho - yaha Avazyaka hai kintu bhojana yA vastrAdi kA pratyeka sAdhu yA sAdhvI samAna maryAdita mAtrA meM hI upabhoga kara sakatA hai aura vaha maryAdA bhI itanI alpa hotI hai ki usase zarIra popaNa nahIM, zarIra-rakSaNa mAtra ho sake / isase adhika zuddha sAmyavAda aura kyA hogA ki vyakti vAhya paristhitiyoM ke dabAva se nahIM jhukatA, balki svecchA se sAmyavAda ko apanAtA hai aura apane prayAsa se sAmyavAda ko mana meM jagAkara logoM ko kartavyoM meM DhAlatA hai / mahAvIra kI sAdhu saMsthA meM aise hI vyaktitvoM kA nirmANa hotA hai / zrAvaka parigraha kI maryAdA leM : mahAvIra ke darzana - ratha ke do pramukha cakra hai - sAdhu aura zrAvaka / strI puruSa samAnatA ke hAmI mahAvIra ne sAdhu sAtha sAdhvI aura zrAvaka ke sAtha zrAvikA ko samAna sthAna diyA tathA ina cAroM ko tIrtha mAna kara caturvidha saMgha - vyavasthA kI sthApanA kI / yaha saMgha vyavasthA svayaM samAjavAdI vyavasthA kI pratIka hai | sAdhu jaba sampUrNa rUpa se parigraha kI bhAvanA aura vastu viSaya- donoM prakAra se tyAga karatA hai to usase nIce ke sAdhaka - zrAvaka ke liye yathAzakti mamatva ko kama karate hue vAhya parigraha yAne upabhogya padArtho kI maryAdA lene kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / isake liye zrAvaka kA pAMcavAM zraura sAtavAM vrata vizeSa rUpa se sambandhita hai| pAMcaveM aNuvrata meM kSetra, vastu, ( hiraNya - svarNa ), dhana-dhAnya, dvipada, caturpada, dhAtu Adi ke apane pAsa rakhane ke pariNAma ko nirdhArita karanA hotA he to sAtaveM aNuvrata meM eka zrAvaka ko upabhogya aura paribhogya padArthoM kI bhI maryAdA lenI par3atI hai / ina padArthoM kI yahAM sUcI isaliye dI jA rahI hai ki jisase yaha samajha meM zrAye ki samAja meM sAre padArtha sabako sulabha ho tathA sama vitaraNa kI dRSTi se padArthoM ke saMcaya kI vRtti miTe aura unakA sarvatra vikendrIkaraNa ho -- isa dRSTi se mahAvIra ne zrAvaka dharma ke stara para bhI kitanA gaharA prayAsa kiyA thA ?

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grArthika-saMdarbha upabhoga (eka vAra upabhoga ) tathA paribhoga ( vAra-bAra upabhoga ) meM grAne vAle padArthoM kI vaha sUcI nimna hai jinake viSaya meM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko maryAdA lene kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai: 104 1. Acamana 2. danta maMjana 3. phala 4. abhaMgana 5. ubaTana-sAmagrI 6. snAna sAmagrI 7. vastra 8. vilepana-sAmagrI 6. phUla 10. grabhUparaNa 11. dhUpa agara, lovAna vagairaha 12. peya 13. khAdya padArtha 14. ubAle hue padArtha 15. sUpa 16. vigaya ghI dUdha dahI Adi 17. zAka-sabjI 18. madhura padArtha 16. bhojya padArtha 20. vividha jala 21. mukhavAsa supArI ilAyacI yAdi 22. vAhana 23. upa-vAhna 24. zayana sAmagrI 25. sacitta padArtha 26. dravyapadArtha | isa parigraha parimAraNa vrata meM hI zrAvaka ko aise vyApAroM kA niSedha bhI kiyA hai jo sAmAjika dRSTi se hAnikara haiM / ye vANijya karma 15 prakAra ke batAye gaye haiM tathA jinameM jaMgala, khAna, dAMta, keza, jahara, vezyAvRtti Adi ke dhandhoM kA mukhya ullekha hai / sampUrNa parigraha ko na tyAga kara gRhastha meM rahate hue bhI vyakti ko sAmAjika niSThA kaise jAgRta rahe isakA zrAvakoM ke vrata nirdhAraNa meM pUrA-pUrA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai / aparigrahavAda kA sAmAjika mahattva : vyakti parigraha kA sampUrNa yA prAMzika parityAga kare isameM vyakti ke caritra -zodhana kA lakSya to pramukha hai hI, kintu isakA sIdhA prabhAva sAmAjika paristhitiyoM para hI par3atA hai / jisa rUpa meM vaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI samAja - vikAsa kA itihAsa calA hai, usameM artha kA sthAna cakra vAhaka ke rUpa meM hai to AdhyAtmika dRSTi se bhI utthAna yA patana kI sthiti tabhI banatI hai jisa parimAraNa meM parigraha yA usake mamatva para niyantraNa athavA aniyantraNa ho / siddhAMta ke mUla vindu meM isa prakAra vizeSa antara nahIM hai / sampatti kA sAmAjIkaraNa isa dRSTi se prabhAvazAlI nidAna siddha ho sakatA hai / sampatti kA svAmitva java taka vyaktigata hotA hai, vyakti kI tRSNA aura lAlasA para aMkuza lagAnA kaThina hotA hai / sampatti ke apane pAsa saMcaya ke sAtha usakI tRSNA bar3hatI jAtI hai aura vaisI tRSNA kabhI sImAoM meM nahIM rahatI / asImita tRSNA hI anIti aura atyAcAra kI jananI banatI hai| eka sImA taka vyakti nIti ke anusAra arjana karanA cAhatA hai kintu saMcaya usakI nIti ko khaMDita kara detA hai to prati saMcaya use apane sAthiyoM ke prati samAja meM ati pracAra karane ko pralobhita karatA hai / anIti aura pratyAcAra jitanA bar3hatA hai tava savala kA nyAya calatA hai aura nirvala zoSaNa, damana aura utpIr3ana kI cakkI meM pisane lagatA hai / yaha cakkI taba sAmAjika kSetra meM isa taraha calane lagatI hai ki samAja kI adhikAdhika sampatti kama se kama hAthoM meM simaTatI calI jAtI hai aura samAja ke bahusaMkhyaka sadasya nirdhana aura nirvala banate jAte haiM / isI pariprekSya meM aparigrahavAda kA sAmAjika mahattva | prakaTa hotA hai / mArksa ne isa

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'samAjavAdI artha-vyavasthA aura mahAvIra sthiti kA nidAna dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda aura varga-saMgharSa ke rUpa meM khojA to mahAvIra ne isa nidAna ko aparigrahavAda ke rUpa meM prakAzita kiyA jo mAnava kI antarAtmA ko parimArjita kara sthAyitva kA svarUpa dikhAtA hai| aparigrahavAda sAmAjika svAmitva kA hI dUsarA nAma mAnA jAnA caahiye| . . ' vyakti se samAja aura samAja se vyakti : . prAcIna aura arvAcIna-ina donoM nidAnoM ko do alaga-alaga dRSTiyoM se dekhakara unakA eka samanvita rUpa DhAlA jA sakatA hai| eka vyakti se samAja kI ora bar3hane kA nirdeza hai to dUsarA samAja se vyakti kI ora mur3ane kA prayatna / vyakti aura samAja kI zaktiyoM kA vibheda tathA sahayoga bhI isI dRSTi se AMkA jA sakatA hai| ... vyakti saMyamita, niyamita, anuzAsita evaM Atma niyantrita hogA tabhI samAja sugaThita eva saMghaTita banA raha sakegA kyoMki vyakti-vyakti kA caritra hI sAmAjika caritra kA nirmANa karatA hai / kintu jaba taka sampatti para vyaktigata svAmitva hai taba taka vyakti ko uddAma lAlasAnoM para vaha Atma-niyantraNa kara sake- isakI sambhAvanA bhI bahuta dhuMdhalI hotI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki isa vindu para sAmAjika zakti ko prakhara banAne kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa hotI hai. aura yahI rAstA samAja se vyakti kI ora Ane kA hotA hai| - vyakti se samAja kI ora jAne kI prAcIna vicAradhArA rahI hai to arvAcIna vicAradhArA samAja se vyakti kI ora Ane para bhI samAna rUpa se bala detI hai| vyakti ke jIvana ko mor3a dene ke lie kaI bAra sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa bhI prabhAvika siddha hotA hai, balki Adhunika samAjavAdI artha vyavasthA meM to samAja-sattA ke AdhAra para aise dharAtala kA nirmANa kara diyA jAtA hai jisa para.vyakti ko vyaktiza: calanA sarala ho jAtA hai / eka vyakti kAMToM-patyaroM vAlI bIhar3a bhUmi para cale aura dUsare ko calane ke liye DAmara kI sar3aka mila jAya to avazya hI dUsarA zakti aura samaya kI vacata kara sakegA / vyakti kI pragati ke liye DAmara kI sar3aka banAne kA kAma samAja kA honA cAhiye tathA yahI samAjavAdI artha vyavasthA kI buniyAda hai / samAjavAdI artha - vyavasthA sAmAnya rUpa se sAre samAja meM artha-cintA se mukta vAtAvaraNa, sabhyatA evaM saMskRti ke jariye saba vyaktiyoM ke liye "samAna rUpa se samunnata dharAtala banAne kA dAyitva letI hai| aura yahI samUha kA eka vyakti ke prati kartavya honA caahiye| apane-apane DhaMga se ye donoM prAcIna aura arvAcIna vidhiyAM samAjopayogI haiM tathA samanvita hokara cale to eka dUsarI kI pUraka bana jAtI haiM / isa rUpa meM ye donoM vidhiyAM 'manuSya kI saMcaya vRtti para vyaktigata svecchA evaM sAmAjika mata ke anusAra niyaMtraNa kara sakatI haiM / saMcaya vRtti para pratibandha hI aparigrahavAda ke AcaraNa gata pakSa ko sabala banA skegaa| sampatti-saMcaya : eka viSama samasyA : . . . mAnava samAja meM Aja sabhI prakAra kI viSamatAoM ke vIja.vone vAlA vyaktigata

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106 Arthika saMdarbha hteMeri svAmitva tathA sampatti saMcaya hai| mahAvIra ne isa sampatti-saMcaya ko tRSNA evaM vAsanA kA vikAra batAyA tathA isako maryAdA evaM tyAga kI sImAoM meM bAMdhane kA nirdeza diyaa| vahAM mAvarsa ne sAmAjika dRSTi se sampatti saMcaya ke mUla evaM isa para lagAye jAne vAle prativandha para vizad vivecana kiyA hai| sampatti saMcaya ko vyakti evaM samAja donoM ke liye eka vipama samasyA ke rUpa meM dekhA gayA hai / samAja ke pUjIvAdI aArthika DhAMce meM sampatti kA saMcaya alpatama logoM ke pAsa hotA jAtA hai, isakA kAraNa mArksa ne zrama-corI batAyA hai| samAjavAdI artha vyavasthA kA buniyAdI siddhAnta hai ki sabhI zrama kareM aura vinA zrama ke koI bhI roTI nahIM pAye, jabaki pUMjIvAdI samAja meM zrama corI kA aisA silasilA calatA hai ki cora to gulachareM ur3Ate hai aura zramika bhUkhoM marate haiN| yaha sarvamAnya siddhAnta hai ki jo jitanA zrama karatA hai utane zrama kA mUlya use hI milanA cAhiye, kyoki mUlya ko paidA karane vAlA kevala mAnava-zrama hI hotA hai / dRzya jagat meM eka bhI upayogI padArtha aisA nahIM dikhAI degA, jisa kA mUlya to ho kintu jisameM mAnava zrama na lagA ho / eka vRkSa khar3A hai-usakI lakar3I upayogI ho sakatI hai kintu vaha upayoga meM tabhI A sakegI jaba usake liye mAnava-zrama lage-lakar3I kaTe, usakI meja kursI yA dUsarI upayogI cIja taiyAra ho / eka zramika ne yadi apane zrama se eka rupaye ke mUlya kA utpAdana kiyA hai to yaha eka rupayA use hI milanA cAhiye / yaha milatA hai laba samAja meM nyAyapUrNa Arthika vyavasthA hogI aura vaisI sthiti meM eka yA kucha hAthoM meM sampatti saMcaya kA avasara hI nahIM pAyagA / hai sampatti saMcaya kA mUla zrama corI hai jisake liye anIti aura atyAcAra paMdA hote. haiM | zrama-corI kaise hotI hai ? eka pUMjIpati ne eka kapar3e kI mila kholI jisameM pAMca harjAra zramika kAma karate hai / eka zramika dina bhara meM eka karaghe para baiThakara kalpanA kareM ki dasa rupaye ke mUlya kA utpAdana karatA hai, kintu mAlika usa majadUra ko dina ke pAMca rupaye pagAra hI detA hai to yaha eka majadUra se pAMca rupaye kI zrama corI huii| pAMca hajAra majadUroM se eka dina meM paccIsa hajAra kI zrama-corI huI / isa zrama corI se lagAtAra eka mila se eka varSa meM aura kaI miloM se kaI varSa meM sampatti kA apAra saMcaya hotA rahatA hai| jo corI karatA hai, vaha phUlatA hai aura jisakI corI hotI hai, vaha patalA hotA jAtA hai / Aja kI bhApA meM isI. zrama-corI ko zopaNa kahate haiM aura isI AdhAra para mArsa ne samAja ko zoSaka aura zoSita ke do vargoM meM bAMTA hai tathA zoSaNa samApti kA yahI upAya batAyA hai ki varga saMgharSa ko bhar3akAyA jAya / varga saMgharSa ke anusAra zopita varga.zopaka varga ko samApta kara de / kintu sampatti saMcaya kI isa vipama samasyA kA samAdhAna mahAvIra ne Atma-jAgRti kI bhUmikA para nikaalaa| sAdhya eka kintu sAdhanoM kA bheda : mahAvIra aura mArksa ke bIca do hajAra varSa se adhika samaya nikalA kintu donoM ne mAnava samAja ke liye jo sAmAjika "lakSya nirdhArita kiye, unameM Azcaryajanaka samAnatA Painos Shrimes Namom

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samAjavAdI artha vyavasthA aura mahAvIra 107 POLTO COUNTY pAI jAtI hai / mAnava-samatA donoM kA sAdhya rahI kintu usakI prApti ke sAdhanoM kA donoM ke bIca bheda avazya dikhAI detA hai / yaha bheda bhI isa sthiti meM dikhAI detA hai ki vartamAna jaTila Arthika paristhitiyoM meM vyakti apanI svecchA ke prAdhAra para caritrazIla vana kara samAjaniSTha bana sakegA yA nahIM ? mArksa ne hiMsA ko sAdhana jarUra batAyA hai, kintu yadi mahAvIra kI tyAgamaya bhAvanA ko vyakti apanA le aura samAja hita ko apane svArtha se bar3A mAnale to hiMsA kI koI jarUrata hI nahIM raha jAyagI / SMAR kisI bhI siddhAnta para java niSThApUrvaka AcaraNa nahIM kiyA jAya to usakI kriyAnviti saphala kaise bana sakegI ? mahAvIra ne samatA ke sAdhya ko prApta karane ke liye zrahiMsA kA sAdhana batAyA hai / grahiMsA sirpha nakArAtmaka zabda hI nahIM hai ki jahAM hiMsA nahIM to ahisA kA astitva ho jAtA hai, kintu ahiMsA ke vidhi rUpa kA mahatva aura bhI adhika hai / mana, vAraNI aura kArya se kisI bhI prakAra ke eka bhI prANa ko kleza nahIM pahuMcAnA hiMsA kA lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai| prAraNa dasa batAye gaye haiM- pAMca indriyoM ke, mana, vacana kAyA, zvAsozvAsa aura grAyuSya ke kula dasa prAraNa / kisI ke AyuSya ko samApta karanA hI hiMsA nahIM hai / balki vAkI ke nau prANoM meM se kisI bhI prANa para AghAta karanA bhI hiMsA hI hai / to isa sArI hiMsA se bacakara dasoM prANoM kI rakSA kA bhAva rakhanA ahiMsA kA sampUrNa rUpa mAnA gayA hai / haMsA kA sarvAdhika mahatva hI sAmAjika hotA hai / vyavahAra kI jo paripATI samAja ke kSetra meM eka vyakti apane anya sAthI ke sAtha banAtA hai, vaha samAja ko aura samAja kI dena hotI hai / isa vyavahAra kI zreSThatA kA mApadaMDa grahiMsA se bar3hakara dUsarA nahIM ho sakatA / grahiMsA kI mUla bhAvanA yaha hotI hai ki apane svArthI, apanI zrAvazyakatAnoM ko usI sImA taka bar3hAo jahAM taka ve kisI bhI anya prANI ke hitoM ko coTa nahIM pahuMcAtI hoM / zrahiMsA vyakti saMyama bhI hai to sAmAjika saMyama bhI / vicAragata saMgharSoM ke liye syAdvAda aura zrAcAragata saMgharSoM ke liye yadi zrahiMsA kA vyApaka rUpa se prayoga kiyA jAya to aparigrahavAda yAne ki prArthika samAnatA ke mAdhyama se mAnava samatA kA mArga bhI nizcaya rUpa se niSkaMTaka bana jAyagA / sAdhya ke prati niSThA sAdhanoM ke bheda ko samApta kara degI / svAnuzAsana yA balAta zAsana : sArA samAja samatAmaya bane yaha jaina darzana kA mUla siddhAMta hai / 'savve jIvAmittI M me bhUesa' kI bhAvanA samatA ko ho paricAyikA hai / mahAvIra kA ye jo svara itanA pahale gUMjA, usa svara kA yAdhunika samAjavAdI darzana para prabhAva nahIM par3A ho - aisA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / mahAvIra aura mArksa kI preraNA ke sUtra kahIM na kahIM avazya mile hoMge / kintu aisI samAjavAdI artha vyavasthA ko sthApita karane kA kaunasA mArga apanAyA jAya, svAnuzAsana kA yA balAt zAsana kA ? yaha nirvivAda satya hai ki manuSya eka vivekazIla prAraNI hotA hai aura use pazuoM kI taraha hAMkane kI paddhati kabhI bhI samIcIna nahIM batAI gaI / balAt zAsana kA artha hai

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Arthika saMdarbha pazunoM kI taraha hAMkanA aura svAnuzAsana ko bala dene kA tAtparya hogA manuSya ko devatva ke svabhAva meM DhAlanA / isa kAraNa valAt zAsana ko jo bhI sthAyI rUpa se samarthana detA hai usameM mAnavocita bhAvanAoM kA abhAva hI mAnA jAyagA / zrapanI grantarecchA se manuSya jo kucha svIkAra karatA hai, use vaha niSThApUrvaka kArya rUpa meM bhI lenA cAhegA | svAnuzAsana se bar3hakara koI bhI zreSThatara niyaMtraNa nahIM ho sakatA hai / sthAyItva kI sthiti bhI isI niyaMtraNa meM hotI hai | 108 Adhunika samAjavAdI darzana meM bhI svAnuzAsana ko hI sarvocca mahatva diyA gayA hai / mAkrse-darzana meM tIsarA sopAna arAjakatAvAda tabhI prArambha hogA jaba vyakti-vyakti kA svAnuzAsana paripuSTa vana jAyagA aura usa samaya rAjya kI sattA kI bhI grAvazyakatA nahI raha jAyagI / jaise bAlaka ko anuzAsita banAne ke liye kabhI kabhI bhaya bhI dikhAyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra grantarima kAla meM varga saMgharSa aura hiMsA ko samarthana dene kI bAta grAdhunika vicAradhArA meM kahI gaI hai / kintu ahiMsA kI bhAvanA kA prabala pracAra kiyA jAya to antarima kAla meM bhI hiMsA hI ke jariye parivartana kA cakra ghumAyA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra samAjavAdI vyavasthA ke sandarbha meM mahAvIra se mArksa taka jo dArzanika dhArA vahI hai, usameM adhika vibheda nahIM hai, balki isa dhArA ko pravAhita karane kA adhika zreya "mahAvIra ko hI jAtA hai / yaha zreya adhika mahatvapUrNa isaliye bhI hai ki DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva jisa samaya samAjavAdI zakti kA kalpanA meM bhI grAvirbhAva nahIM huA thA, usa samaya meM mahAvIra ne samAjavAdI arthavyavasthA ke preraka sUtroM ko apane siddhAntoM ke pariprekSya meM prakAzita kiyA | mahAvIra ke anekAnta ( apekSAvAda), ahiMsA aura aparigrahavAda ke siddhAMta svayaM samAjavAdI arthavyavasthA kI dArzanika rUpa-rekhA rUpa hai / ina siddhAntoM ke prakAza meM Adhu nika samAjavAdI darzana ko bhI nayA rUpa dekara use sarvapriya banAyA jA sakatA hai / samAjavAdI arthavyavasthA ko mahAvIra kI dena : eka dRSTi se to mahAvIra ko samAjavAdI arthavyavasthA kA zrAdya pravartaka hI kahA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI usa samaya avyakta rUpa se hI sahI mahAvIra ke vibhinna siddhAntoM ne sAmAjika zakti ke abhyudaya ko preraNA dI / zrAja bhI ina sabhI siddhAntoM meM vaha kSamatA vidyamAna hai jo samAjavAdI arthavyavasthA ko samanvita rUpa pradAna karake sAmAjika parivartana kI prakriyA ko zAnti pUrNa vanA sakatI hai / ina siddhAMtoM ke mAdhyama se samAjavAdI artha vyavasthA ko mahAvIra kI dena nimna rUpa se grAMkI jA sakatI hai; - ( 1 ) parigraha aura usake mamatva kA bhI tyAga yaha granubhava samAjavAdI arthavyavasthA ke liye sarvAdhika preraNAprada hai / vyaktigata svAmitva kI yadi svecchApUrvaka samApti kI jA sake to vaha eka zAMta krAMti hogI / yadi yahI samApti balAt kI jAtI hai to usakI pratikriyAoM se mukti pAne meM bhI lambA samaya laga jAyagA / mamatva ghaTAne yA miTAne kA bhAvanAmUlaka upAya to samAjavAdI artha vyavasthA kA mUlAdhAra mAnA jAnA cAhiye / mamatva ke sambandha meM bhI eka vindu samajha lenA cAhiye / 'mama' yAne merA aura 'ttva' yAne panA arthAt yaha bhAva moha dazA batAtA hai aura moha vyaktigata svAmitva meM hI

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samAjavAdI artha-vyavasthA aura mahAvIra 106 hotA hai / java sAmAjika artha vyavasthA hotI hai to usameM vyakti kA kartavya sajaga vanatA hai kintu samAjagata sampatti meM vyakti kA moha nahIM hotA / eka rAjakIya chAtrAvAsa meM kaI chAtra rahate haiM / chAtrAvAsa kI sArI sampatti chAtroM ke adhIna hotI hai kintu chAtroM kA mamatva usameM nahIM hone se usake upayoga meM samAnatA kA vyavahAra hI hotA hai / sAmAjika svAmitva mUlataH samatA preraka hotA hai / ataH mahAvIra kA parigraha ke sAtha parigraha ke prati mamatva ko bhI ghaTAne kA upadeza hI sAmAjika svAmitva kA patha nirdeza karatA hai / (2) sampatti ke saMcaya kA virodha-samAja kI pragati-vigati meM artha kI sthiti ne sadA sarvAdhika prabhAva DAlA hai, isa kAraNa artha-saMgraha ke Adhikya ko rokanA samAja'vAdI artha vyavasthA kA pahalA kartavya hotA hai| mahAvIra ne sampatti ke saMcaya kA virodha karake Arthika kendrIkaraNa kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| saMcaya ko prAsakti mAnA gayA tathA Asakti yAtma patana kI sUcikA batAI gii| sAdhu to sampatti kA sarvAzataH tyAga karatA hai tathA phira sampatti ko kisI bhI rUpa meM chUtA taka nahIM, lekina grahastha zrAvaka ko bhI sampatti ke sambandha meM adhikAdhika maryAdita jIvana vyatIta karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA / . (3) maryAdA se padArtho ke sama-vitaraNa kI bhAvanA-zrAvaka jo ki sampatti ke sahayoga se hI apanA gRhastha jIvana calAtA hai, sampatti ke saMcaya meM na paDhe yaha to parigraha parimANa vrata kA eka uddezya hai kintu dUsarA uddezya yaha bhI hai ki sAre samAja meM padArthoM kA sama-vitaraNa ho sake kyoMki maryAdA kI paripATI se kama hAthoM meM sImita padArthoM kA kendrIkaraNa nahIM ho skegaa| eka aparimita mAtrA meM sukha-suvidhA ke padArtho kA saMgraha karale aura dUsarA unake abhAva meM pIr3ita hotA rahe- yaha mahAvIra ko mAnya nahIM thA / vitaraNa ke kendrIkaraNa kI kalpanA usa samaya hI mahAvIra ne karalI thI jo Aja samAjavAdI arthavyavasthA kI dRSTi me sarvazreSTha paddhati samajhI jAtI hai| (4) svaicchika anuzAsana ko bala-vahI sAmAjika arthavyavasthA sthiratA dhAraNa kara sakegI jo svaicchika anuzAsana ke bala para jIvita rhegii| kitanI hI acchI vAta bhI agara balAt lAdI jAtI hai tava bhI hRdaya use sahaja meM grahaNa nahIM karatA hai / ataH aAdhunika samAjavAdI darzana me yadi isa bhAvanA ko apanAliyA jAya to samAjavAdI artha vyavasthA ko adhika sudRr3hatA evaM adhika sthiratA pradAna kI jA skegii| (5) vicAra aura prAcAra meM samanvaya-kisI bhI samAjavAdI arthavyavasthA ke liye yaha Avazyaka paristhiti mAnI jAyagI ki pratyeka vyakti apane vicAra aura AcAra ko dUsare ke sAtha samanvita karane kI ceSTA kre| yaha samanvaya jitanA gaharA hogA utanA hI vyavasthA kA sacAlana sahaja hogaa| apekSAvAda aura ahiMsA ke siddhAMta aise samanvaya ke pratIka haiN| mahAvIra ke nidAna Aja bhI utane hI prabhAvazAlI: anta meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki samAjavAdI artha vyavasthA ke sucArU nirdhAraNa kI dRSTi se DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva upadezita kiye gaye mahAvIra ke nidAnAtmaka siddhAMta pAja bhI utane hI prabhAvazAlI haiM aura samAjavAdI arthavyavasthA ke naye rUpa ko DhAlane meM pUrNataH sakSama haiN| Heasesex . . . .

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18 Arthika, mAnasika aura zrAdhyAtmika garIbI kaise haTe ? * zrI raNajItasiMha kumaTa garIbI : eka abhizApa : garIbI cAhe kisI bhI kSetra meM ho, eka abhizApa hai | jahAM yaha hiMsA, dveSa evaM mAlinya kI jananI hai vahAM eka visphoTaka tatva bhI hai / isameM sAmanyataH heya aura upAdeya ucita aura anucita kI sImA kA bhAna nahIM rahatA, isako haTAnA nitAnta Avazyaka hai / isa dizA meM ciMtana kA eka dRSTikoNa prastuta hai / garIbI : Arthika, mAnasika evaM prAdhyAtmika : garIvI tIna prakAra kI ho sakatI hai : Arthika, mAnasika evaM AdhyAtmika / Arthika garIvI eka aisI vAstavikatA hai jahAM zarIra kI nyUnatama AvazyakatAoM ko pUrA karane ke lie bhI paryApta sAdhana upalabdha nahIM hote / bhUkha aura bImArI se lar3ate-lar3ate hI jIvana samApta ho jAtA hai / isake viparIta mAnasika garIbI kA tAtparya vyakti kI usa manaHsthiti se hai jahAM paryApta sAdhana hote hue bhI jIvana meM santoSa nahIM / tRSNA ke mAyA jAla meM vaha dina rAta phaMsA huA adhika se adhika dhana ekatra karane meM lagA rahatA hai / vaha apanI tulanA unase karatA hai jinake pAsa usase bhI adhika dhana hai aura vaha usake samakakSa thAne kI yojanA banAtA rahatA hai / AdhyAtmika garIbI kA tAtparya usa khAI se hai jo prAdarza aura AcaraNa ke bIca meM pAyI jAtI hai / isakA tAtparya una paripATiyoM se bhI hai jinhoMne dharma aura naitikatA ko ghera rakhA hai aura satya ko pravRta kara diyA hai / jaba taka mAnasika garIvI nahIM miTatI, grArthika aura AdhyAtmika garIbI nahIM miTa sakatI / dhana-saMgraha hI samAja meM phailI garIbI kA pramukha kAraNa hai / zoSaNa, aniyamitatA va rAjya-virodhI kAryo se dhana saMgraha kI gati bar3hatI hai aura isa krama meM graucitya kA sthAna gauNa ho jAtA hai / samAja va rASTra ko kyA hAni hogI, isakA koI khyAla nahIM rahatA / tRSNA ke cakkara meM phaMse vyakti meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa usI prakAra sambhava hai jaise magaramaccha para baiThe vyakti kA samudra pAra karanA / isake viparIta Arthika garIvI se trasita vyaktiyoM se zrAdhyAtma va naitikatA ke vikAsa kI apekSA karanA anucita hai / zrartha kI vipulatA va kamI donoM hI prAdhyAtma vikAsa meM bAdhaka haiM /

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prArthika, mAnasika aura AdhyAtmika garIvI kaise haTe 111 roga kA sahI nidAna : bhagavAn mahAvIra ne roga kA sahI nidAna kiyA aura aparigraha ke siddhAMta para utanA hI jora diyA jitanA ahiMsA para / ahiMsA va AdhyAtma-vikAsa ke lie mana meM Asakti eka bahuta bar3I vAdhA hai / svecchA se dhana saMgraha para sImA lagAne va isakA sadupayoga jana-kalyANa meM karane para bhagavAna mahAvIra ne atyadhika bala diyaa| gAMdhI ne isI ko TrasTIzipa ke siddhAMta meM parivartita kiyA / parantu samaya ke bahAva meM ahiMsA para vArIkI se amala huyA aura aparigraha para jora kama ho gayA / ahiMsA kI bArIkI cIMTI, macchara va choTe-choTe kITANuoM kI dayA taka pahu~ca gaI parantu moTAI meM manuSya ke prati dayA bhI luptaprAyaH ho gaI / yadi aparigraha ke siddhAMta para pUrA jora diyA hotA to Aja samAja meM itanI viSamatA aura vaimanasya ko sthAna nahIM milatA / svecchA se siddhAMtoM para amala vahata kama dikhAI detA hai / Arthika garIvI sAmAjika evaM Arthika vyavasthA ke doSoM kA pariNAma hai / ina doSoM ko dUra karane ke lie hI sarakAra ne sIliMga kAnUna pAsa kie haiM / kAle dhana kI dhara pakar3a cala rahI hai aura samAjavAda kA nArA jora pakar3a rahA hai / ina kAnUnoM se saccA samAjavAda A jAyagA, abhI yaha eka prazna hI hai aura uttara samaya ke aAMcala meM nihita hai| samaya kI cetAvanI ko pahacAne : kAnUna se samAjavAda Aye yA na Aye lekina adhikAdhika dhana saMcaya karane vAloM ke lie kAnUna avazya amala meM pAyege / sIliMga se adhika sampatti rAjya sarakAra ke pAsa jAyegI aura jahAM kAlA dhana pakar3A jAegA vahAM sajA bhI bhugatanI pddegii| isa dRSTikoNa se yaha prazna dimAga meM bAra bAra AtA hai ki samaya kI isa cetAvanI se saceta ho kyA dhanI varga samAjavAda ke kAnUna ke amala meM Ane se pUrva hI aparigraha athavA TrasTIzipa ke siddhAMtoM ko svayaM amala meM lAyege ? abhI taka to samAja meM aisA koI Andolana najara nahIM AtA jisase yaha spaSTa ho ki isa varga ne samaya kI cetAvanI ko pahicAna liyA hai athavA aparigraha ke siddhAMta ko apanAkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAMtoM para calane kA niyama liyA hai / yadi samatA kA dRSTikoNa apanA liyA jAya aura kAnUnI sImA ke vajAya svecchA se dhana-saMgraha para sImA lagAyeM to atirikta dhana svataH hI samAja ke una vargoM ke lie kAma meM liyA jA sakatA hai jinako atyadhika jarUrata hai| isase eka ora Arthika garIbI dUra hogI aura dUsarI ora AdhyAtmika garIbI bhii| bhArata meM ahiMsA kI nIMva bar3I majabUta vatAyI jAtI hai / zAyada yahI kAraNa hai ki yahAM itanI garIvI hote hue bhI janatA meM samAjavAda ke lie abhI koI Andolana prasphuTita nahIM huA hai / zAyada yahI kAraNa hai ki jahAM samAjavAda sabase jarUrI hai vahIM para samAjavAda kI mAMga sabase kamajora hai / parantu gajabUta dIvAreM bhI giratI dekhI gaI haiM / kisa dina yaha gar3ha Dhaha jAya koI nahIM kaha sktaa| dAna paripATI nahIM dAyitva bodha : samAja meM dharma va paropakAra ke dRSTikoNa se kucha vyakti dAna Adi meM paisA lagAte

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112 . , Arthika saMdarbha haiM / parantu dharma kA itanA saMkIrNa dRSTikoNa hai ki dAna kA adhikatara aMza mandira aura bhavana-nirmANa meM kAma AtA hai / isake bAda sAmUhika bhoja evaM bhojana-vyavasthA meM samAja kA paisA kAma pAtA hai| parantu sAMskRtika-zaikSaNika pravRttiyoM athavA samAja ke jarUratamanda bhAiyoM ke lie sAmAjika vyaya kA zatAMza bhI kAma nahIM AtA / yaha gahana vicAra kA samaya hai ki kyA samAja apane dhana kA vyaya isI prakAra karatA rahegA athavA apane jarUratamanda bhAiyoM ko bhI sambhAlegA ? dAna kevala dhArmika paripATI hI rahegI yA yaha eka sAmAjika uttaradAyitva bhI hai ? ina praznoM ke uttara para hI samAja kA bhaviSya nirbhara karatA hai / yadi hamane paripATI na badalI to na samAja kI Arthika garIbI dUra hogI na AdhyAtmika hI / isake viparIta vighaTana evaM vaimanapya kI bhAvanA phailane kI sambhAvanA hai| satya kaTa bhI hotA hai aura ajIva bhI / satya ko pahicAnanA hI saccI prAdhyAtmikatA hai aura isakA anusaraNa hI AdhyAtmika garIvI haTAne kA sAdhana hai / AdhyAtmika aura mAnasika garIbI haTane para Arthika garIvI bhI haTa jaayegii| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA parigraha-parimANa vrata isa saMdarbha meM vizeSa prabhAvakArI siddha ho sakatA hai / AvazyakatA hai use sampUrNa sAmAjika cetanA ke sAtha apanAne kii|

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16 mahAvIra-vANI meM zrama-bhAva kI pratiSThA * zrI zrIcanda surAnA 'sarasa' mammunnanna 'bhagavAna' aura 'zramaraNa' zabdoM kI arthavattA : prAcIna jaina AgamoM va granthoM meM tIrthakaroM ke nAma ke pUrva 'bhagavAn' zabda kA vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai / jaise-bhagavAn Rpabhadeva, bhagavAna mahAvIra Adi / vizeSaNa vizeSya kI kisI viziSTatA, vilakSaNatA ko prakaTa karatA hai| bhagavAn zabda unakI 'anantanAna zakti' kA saMketa detA hai / teIsaveM tIrthakara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha aura caubIsaveM tIrthakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke lie do bhinna vizepaNoM kA prayoga jaina AgamoM meM dekhA jAtA hai jo bhagavAn zabda se bhI pUrva kiyA gayA hai / pArzvanAtha ke lie 'purisAdANI' aura mahAvIra ke lie 'samaNa' / ye donoM zabda kucha viziSTa haiM jinakA prayoga anya tIrthakaroM ke lie kahIM nahIM kiyA gayA hai| pArzvanAtha ne apane yuga meM jo zreSThatA aura viziSTa jana zraddhA prApta kI hai unakA vizepaNa isI pora iMgita kara rahA hai / itihAsakAroM ne yaha mAna liyA hai ki pArzvanAtha kA prabhAva aura sammAna na kevala unake anuyAyI varga meM hI thA, apitu anya sampradAyoM aura tApasoM taka meM bhI unakA vizeSa prabhAva va sammAna thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke lie 'zramaNa' zabda kA prayoga 'samaNe bhagavan mahAvIre' bha. avazya kucha viziSTa artha-dhvani lie hue haiM / 'zramaNa' to sabhI tIrthakara the, phira mahAvIra ke lie hI isa zabda kA vizepa prayoga kyoM kiyA gayA ? yaha prazna apane Apa meM eka mahatva rakhatA hai / 'zramaNa' vizepaNa spaSTataH yaha saMketa detA hai ki mahAvIra ke jIvana meM, mahAvIra ke darzana meM aura mahAvIra kI vANI meM zrama kI kucha vizepa pratiSThA rahI hai| unhoMne zrama ko, tapa ko, svAvalaMbana ko vizeSa mahatva diyA hai, purupArtha, prayatna aura udyama kI vizeSa pratiSThA kI hai, usI bhAva ko vyakta karane ke lie unake lie bhagavAn' zabda se pUrva 'zramaNa' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / zrama aura tapa ko ekarUpatA : vaise to 'zramaNa' zabda hI 'zrama' kA pratIka hai jisakI AdhyAtmika vyAkhyA 'tapa' ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai / sAtvika-zrama ko-tapazcaryA kahA gayA hai / jainAcAryo me kahA hai jo zrama karatA hai, arthAt tapazcaryA karatA hai', athavA zrama-tapa ke dvArA zarIra ko tapAtA hai| 1. thAmyantItizramaNA : tapasyantItyartha : dazavakAlika vRti 113 2. zrAmyati tapasA khidyata iti-sUtra kRtAMga vRtti 1116 - -

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Arthika saMdarbha kasatA hai, vaha zramaraNa hai| isase tapa aura zrama kI eka rUpatA bhI spaSTa hotI hai / jaina dRSTi meM 'tapa' ko sirpha upavAsa Adi taka hI sImita nahIM rakhA gayA hai, kiMtu jIvana kI samasta sAtvika pravRttiyoM ko 'tapa' kI paribhASA meM samAhita kara diyA gayA hai| zuddha vRtti se bhikSAcaryA karanA bhI tapa hai, grAsana-prAraNAyAma, dhyAna yAdi karanA bhI tapa hai, sevAsuzrupA - paricaryA karanA bhI tapa hai, aura pratisaMlInatA, apanI vRttiyoM kA saMkoca, cArAma sukha-suvidhA kI yAdata kA parityAga karanA - yaha bhI tapa ke antargata hai / isa prakAra 'tapa' eka virATa jIvana darzana ke rUpa meM jIvana meM sarvatra vyApta tatva ke rUpa meM dikhAyA gayA hai / zrutaH isa 'tapa' ko zrama kahA gayA hai / 114 mahAvIra kI zramazIlatA : bhagavAn mahAvIra 'mahAzramaNa' kahalAte the / eka rAjakumAra kA sukumAra deha pAkara bhI unhoMne romAMcita kara dene vAlA jo kaThora zrama-tapa kiyA, jisa pUrva svAvalaMbana kA Adarza apanAyA aura jisa apratihata puruSArthavAda kA saMdeza diyA vaha usa yuga meM zrama-bhAva kI pratiSThA kA jIvanta udAharaNa thA / 'zramaNa' banakara unhoMne kabhI kisI se sevA nahIM lI aura to kyA kapToM ke bhayaMkara bhaMbhAvatoM meM jaba svayaM devarAja indra ne grAkara unase prArthanA kI----maiM ApakI sevA meM rahUMgA, to mahAn svAvalaMbI mahAvIra ne zAMta bhAva ke sAtha kaha diyA "maiM apane zrama-vala aura puruSArtha se hI siddhi prApta karUMgA, kisI anya ke sahayoga kI grAkAMkSA karake nahIM / " tapasvI jIvana meM to zramaraNa mahAvIra sadA ekAkI rahe, ataH kisI se sevA lene kA prazna hI kyA thA, kintu tIrthaMkara banane ke bAda bhI unhoMne dUsaroM se vizeSa sevA lI ho, aisA ullekha nahIM milatA, valki tIrthaMkara jIvana meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jo bhI pradeza -~ upadeza diye ve saba svayaM zrama karane ke hI samarthana meM the / svayaMsevI hI saccA zramaraNa : mahAvIra ke caudaha hajAra ziSyoM meM indrabhUti gautama savase jyeSTha the, prathama gaNadhara the aura bhagavAn ke ananya upAsaka the / kintu unake jIvana meM bhI hama zrama kI pratiSThA pUrNataH sAkAra huI dekhate haiM / ve apane hAtha se apane saba kAma karate haiM / bhikSA lene ke lie jAte haiM to svayaM hI apane pAtra grAdi apane hAtha meM lete haiM, apanA bhAra svayaM uThAte haiM aura svayaM hI apanA saba kAma karate haiN| hajAroM ziSyoM kA eka mAtra prAcArya bhI java apanA kAma apane hAtha se karatA hai to vahAM zramazIlatA kI bhAvanA kyoM nahIM sAkAra hogI ? zramaraNa ke lie bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne svayaM apanA kAma apane hAthoM karane kA yAdeza diyA hai / jo dUsaroM se sevA nahIM letA vahI saccA zramaraNa haiM', yaha mahAvIra vANI kA udghoSa hai / puruSArtha-hIna bAlasI vyaktiyoM ko mahAvIra ne nikRSTa batAyA hai, cAhe vaha gRhastha ho yA zramaraNa / pAvApura ke antima pravacana meM to mahAvIra ne yahAM taka kahA - 1. darAvaikAlika 10 / 10

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mahAvIra-vANI meM zrama-bhAva kI pratiSThA 115 je keI u pacvaie, nibAsIle pag2Amaso bhoccA piccA suha suai pAva samaNetti vuccii|' jo vyakti pravajita hokara bhI rAta-dina nIMda letA rahatA hai, Alasa meM DUbA rahatA hai aura khA-pIkara peTa para hAtha phirAtA rahatA hai, vaha cAhe zramaNa hI kyoM na ho vaha pApI / mahAvIra kI bhASA meM aise zrama hIna zramaNa bhI 'pApI zramaNa' kahalAte haiN| zrama kI isase bar3I pratiSThA aura kyA hogI ki zramaNa hokara bhI agara koI AlasI rahatA hai to mahAvIra use bhI 'pApI-zramaNa'. nikRSTa zramaNa arthAt sirpha zramaNa vezadhArI kahate haiN| zrama kabhI niSphala nahIM hotA : mahAvIra kA karma siddhAnta 'zrama-bhAva' kI saccI pratiSThA karatA hai| karmavAda kA mUla isI meM hai ki hama jaisA karma kareMge vaisA hI phala prApta kareMge / zubha evaM satkarma kA zubha phala milegA azubha evaM asatkarma kA azubha phala milegA ---isakA sIdhA artha yahI hai ki hamArA karma arthAt zrama kabhI niSphala nahIM hotA / agara zrama ke sAtha hamArI manovRtti kalupita hai to vaha zrama-hamAre patana kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai aura zrama ke sAtha manovRttiyAM zuddha haiM, bhAvanA pavitra hai to vaha zrama hameM kalyANa kI ora gatizIla bnaayegaa| zuddha evaM pavitra manobhAvanA ke sAtha hI zrama kI saphalatA hai aura vaha zrama zrI-samRddhi kA kAraNa banatA hai / sadbhAvanA ke sAtha kartavya meM satata lIna kI ghopaNA-kiriyaM royae dhIrose mahAvIra vANI meM zrama kI sArthakatA spapTa dhvanita hai / AN 1. uttarAdhyayana 1713 2. aupapAtika sUtra, 56 ,

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caturtha khaNDa 000 rAjanItika saMdarbha

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20 loka kalyANakArI rAjya aura mahAvIra kI jIvana-dRSTi * DaoN0 mahendra sAgara pracaNDiyA jaina dharma ke unnAyakoM kI eka sudUragAmI paramparA rahI hai, jise caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM dvArA samaya-samaya para anuprANita kiyA gayA hai / grAdya tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva tathA antima caubIsaveM tIrthakara mahAvIra aitihAsika mahApuruSa mAne jAte haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke paccIsasauveM nirdhAraNotsava para deza meM aneka prakAra se unake kalyANakArI vicAroM kA vivecana ho rahA hai| yahAM hama loka kalyANakArI rAjya aura mahAvIra kI jIvana-dRSTi viSayaka saMkSepa meM vivecana kareMge / loka : zrartha aura prakAra : loka ke artha haiM--- bhuvana / purANAnusAra sAta loka haiM, yathA - ( 1 ) bhUloka, (2) bhuvarloka, (3) kharloka, (4) gaharloka, (5) janaloka, (6) tapoloka, (7) satya loka | vaidyaka ke anusAra loka ke do vibheda kiye gaye haiM-- (1) sthAvara, ( 2 ) jaMgama / vRkSa, latA, tRraNa Adi sthAvara aura pazu pakSI, kITa, pataMga tathA manuSyAdi jaMgama haiM / vyavasthA aura jana-kalyAraNa : suvyavasthita jIvana caryA ke liye vyavasthA kI zrAvazyakatA hotI hai / vanI vyavasthA kA eka vyavasthApaka hotA hai / vyavasthA ke prati janatA kI grAsthA banI rahe, usakA dAyitva vyavasthApaka para hotA hai / grAsthA girI ki vyavasthA kA visarjana sunizcita / isa prakAra loka meM aneka vAra vyavasthAyeM vanIM - bigar3IM kintu unake nirmAraNa meM janakalyANa kI bhAvanA pradhAna rUpa se sadA vidyamAna rahI hai / bhuvana kA utanA bhUmi bhAga jitanA eka rAjA dvArA zAsita ho, vastutaH rAja zrathavA rAjya kahalAtA hai / rAja kI vyavasthA rAjataMtra hotI hai / rAjataMtra ke suvyavasthita saMcAlana ke liye eka rAjA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / kisI naye rAjA ke rAjasiMhAsana para grArUr3ha hone kA saMskAra prAyaH rAjatilaka kahalAtA hai / isI ko rAjyAbhiSeka bhI kahate

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rAjanItika naMda haiM | rAja vyavasthA ke liye rAjadaNDa kA vyavahAra prAyaH anivArya hotA hai / zrIsomadeva viracita 'nItikAvyAmRta' nAmaka graMtha meM rAjA ke kartavya kI carcA isa prakAra huI hai'rAjohi duSTanigrahaH ziSTaparipAlanaM ca dharmaH' 10 arthAt duSTa parAviyoM ko sajA denA aura sajjana puruSoM kI rakSA karanA rAjA kA dharma hai / rAjA aura rAjya ke prati rAja-vAsiyoM ke bhI kucha dAyitva hote haiM / rAjA aura prajA vastutaH anyonyAzrita sambandha hai / yathA rAjA tathA prajA / ikAI se dahAI : mahAvIra kA dRSTikoNa ikAI se dahAI ko sparza karatA hai / ve kisI rUpa meM aneka se eka taka nahIM yAte grapitu eka se aneka ko anuprANita honA mAnate haiM / vyakti kA vikAsa vibhu vanane taka hotA hai / rAja taMtra ke viSaya meM bhI yahI bAta caritArtha hai / eka zrAvaka sathA ki zrAvakoM kA kula saba sakatA hai aura kula se samudAya, samAja Adi prabhAvita huA karate haiM / saca yaha hai ki - "nudhare vyakti, samAja vyakti se, usakA asara rASTra para ho / " phira kisI samudAya athavA samAja kI ikAI kaisI ho ? kahA hai- "je gilANaMpaDiyaraI se banne" - jo vRddha, rogI aura pIr3itoM kI sevA karatA hai, vastutaH vahI dhanya hai / vitta se citta mukta ho : vitta se citta mukta ho tabhI jIvana vratonmukha ho sakatA hai| jIvana meM vrata se vyakti kI sAdhanA prArambha hotI hai / vrata sAdhanA antara se udbhUta ho to vaha zAzvata hotI hai / vAhara se thopA gayA vrata-vidhAna prAyaH TikAU pramANita nahIM huA karatA, antara se vratoM ke prati jAgaraNa saMkalpa para nirbhara karatA hai / saMkalpa ke mUla meM zraddhA hai | kisI ke prati zraddhA bhAva usameM saMkalpa zakti kA saMcAra kiyA karatA hai| hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha aise kuvicAra haiM jinase zraddhA bhAva utpanna nahIM ho sakate / ina vikAroM se vimukti ke liye mahAvIra ne paMcAraguvratoM kI carcA kI hai / grahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya tathA parigraha jaise udAtta grAtma svabhAvoM ke cintavana se vyakti kI sAdhanA sampanna huA karatI haiM / vyakti sathA ki samAja kA saMvarddhana sambhava huA karatA hai / va prazna hai ki grahanA kisI paridhi meM sImita kI jA sakatI hai ? jaba yaha AtmA kA svabhAva hai ki ise hama vyakti dvArA nirdhArita kisI sImA paridhi meM kisa prakAra parisImita kara sakate haiM / hiMsA kA kSetra nissIma hai / vaha vastutaH sarvabhUta hai / kintu usake AcaraNa pakSa ko hama suvidhAnusAra sImita kara sakate haiM / zrAvaka kI hiMsA aura muni kI hiMsA meM antara hai / municaryA meM sarvadezIya vrata- vistAra hai| vahAM rASTra jaisI kisI bhI paridhi kA vyavahAra nahIM hai - vahAM sarvabhUta- prANImAtra kA hita - cintana hai / araNuvratoM kA dhArI zrAvaka kisI rASTra kA nAgarika bhI ho sakatA hai / usakI caryA sImArekhAoM meM vibhAjita kI jA sakatI hai kintu muni zrathavA zrAcArya kA kSetra nissIma hai / vaha vastutaH kisI rASTra kA hote huye bhI antarrASTra kA hotA hai / isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki zrAvakoM kA saMgha aura saMghakula, samAja tathA usakA

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loka kalyANakArI rAjya aura mahAvIra kI jIvana-dRSTi 121 vRhadrUpa deza bana sakatA hai / vyavasthA kI dRSTi se use hama eka rASTra kI saMjJA de sakate haiN| rASTra kA zAsana usake saMvidhAna ke dvArA huyA karatA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM kisI bhI rASTra kA saMvidhAna sampUrNa nahIM ho sktaa| vidhAna hai to paridhi kA honA anivArya hai aura yadi vaha sampUrNa nahIM hai to nizcaya hI vahAM jIvana meM hiMsA hai| unakA rASTrIya aura sAmAjika Adarza rahA hai - "svayaM jIo aura dUsaroM ko jIne do|" yaha vastutaH kisI bhI rASTra ke liye kitanI sarala aura svAbhAvika vyavasthA hai| isa prakAra kI vyavasthA meM vyakti kA hRdaya hinda-mahAsAgara bana apanI vizAlatA, sahRdayatA aura paropakAritA jaisI udAtta vRttiyoM se laharA utthegaa| yahAM pArasparika utthAna ke liye to avakAza hai kintu patana ke liye koI kAryakrama nhiiN| isIliye jaina dRSTi meM kisI bhI jana kula ko hama sImita nahIM kara skte| zrama aura saMkalpa kI anivAryatA. : Atma svabhAva kA eka pakSa ahiMsA hai dUsarA satya aura kramazaH acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha / mahAvIra ke rAja meM aparigrahavAda kA vAtAvaraNa sabhI ko sadbhAva meM rahane ke liye AmaMtrita kregaa| aisI rAjakIya vyavasthA meM zrama aura saMkalpa kI anivAryatA hogii| pratyeka zramI ko svAjita karmAnusAra apane peTa bharane ke liye yatheSTa khAdya sAmagrI upalabdha hogI aura use peTI bharane ke liye koI avasara na milegaa| zrama se prasUta jAgatika suvidhA kA soddezya upayoga huA karatA hai| pramAda-janya upalabdhi se vyakti meM vikAroM kA saMcAra ho uThanA atyanta svAbhAvika hai| vikAroM kA zikAra huye vinA vyakti na to AtmArthI hogA aura nAhIM prmaarthii| sarvodaya na ki varNodaya : mahAvIra kI rAjya vyavasthA meM sabhI kA udaya sambhava hai| vyakti vizeSa kA caramotkarpa usake par3osI ke liye ghAtaka nahIM apitu usakI paTkarmo se anuprANita dinacaryA,dAnavrata se samatA tathA sahaastitva kA saMcAra karatI hai| prANI mAtra ke prati nAgarika kA dRSTikoNa udAra tathA samatAmUlaka ho to phira isase bar3A sAmyavAda aura kyA ho sakatA hai / vahAM vastutaH sarvodaya hogA, vargodaya nahIM, vahAM prANI-popaNa hogA, samAja-zopaNa nahIM / aisI sthiti meM vaicArika virodha ho sakatA hai vyakti-virodha nhiiN| viparIta paristhiti meM bhI vyakti kA dRSTikoNa madhyastatA pUrNa parilakSita hogA satvepu maitrI, guNipu pramoda, klipTeSu jIvepu kRpAparatvam madhyasthabhAvaM viparIta vRttI, sadA mamAtmA viddhAtudevaH / yahAM dAtA-vidhAtA nahIM, svayaM kA samyak purupArtha hI vyakti ke utkarSa kA mukhyAdhAra hai / aisI rAja-vyavasthA meM vyakti kI AsthA apane zrama, samatA aura svataMtratA para AghRta hogii|

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rAjanItika saMdarbha 122 kriyA mukta jJAna : grAcArya umAsvAmi ne svaviracita 'tatvArthasUtra' meM spaSTa kahA hai ki "samyak darzana, jJAna cAritrANi mokSamArgaH / " darzana kyA hai ? zraddhA vizvAsa ( Right belief ), jJAnaviveka (Right knowledge ) aura cAritrya se tAtparya hai zrAcaraNa ( Right conduct ) vyakti-vikAsa meM parama Avazyaka haiM / kriyA mukta jJAna hI zreSTha hai / kriyA se rahita jJAna laMgar3A hai, bhAra hai | gaNita kI bhASA meM : kriyA - jJAna== rUr3hi, kriyA + jJAna = puruSArtha / maiM mAnatA hUM ki puruSArtha karane ke liye kisI grAsthA kI grapekSA huA karatI hai / kArya ke prati vizvAsa, usake prati pUrNa jJAna aura tajjanya kriyAcaraNa vastutaH jAgatika prora jAgatetara upalabdhiyoM kI prApti meM parama sahAyaka hai / AtmIya anuzAsana : isa prakAra mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM loka kalyANakArI rAjya mAtra paridhiyoM kA popaka nahIM ho sakatA, vahAM prANiyoM ko abhaya, azana, prauSadhi aura jJAna prApta karane kI pUrNa suvidhAyeM hoMgI / vahAM jIvana vrata sAdhanA se parimArjita hogA / zArIrika zAsana kI apekSA AtmIya anuzAsana se vyakti-vyakti meM samatA sauhArdra tathA svataMtratA paraka pratItiyAM hoMgI / vahAM popaNa hogA -- zoparaNa nahIM / 'svayaM jIo aura dUsaroM ko jIne do' kI bhAvanA kA sAkAra udAharaNa hogA / bar3I bAta yaha ki vahAM pratyeka vyakti meM sukha-duHkha kA samyak bodha hogA / ....

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21 zAntipUrNa sahaastitva ke vikAsa-krama meM mahAvIra ke vicAra * zrI harizcandra daka viSama vAtAvaraNa : Aja se 2500 varSa pUrva bhArata kI sAmAjika sthiti bar3I vivitra thii| sAmAjika viSamatA, hiMsA evaM krUratA ke usa vAtAvaraNa meM mAnavIya mUlyoM ko tilAMjalI de dI gayI thii| dharma ke nAma para pazuvadha sAmAnya vAta thii| sampUrNa sAmAjika DhAMcA rUr3hiyoM, aMdha paramparAoM evaM pAkhaNDoM kI khokhalI nIMva para khar3A huA thA / jAtIyatA kI thothI dIvAroM ne manuSya-manuSya ke bIca bheda kI bhayaMkara sImAeM banA dI thiiN| galI va caurAhe kA hara patthara Izvara ke nAma se pUjA pA rahA thA / para zUdroM kI chAyA taka se paraheja kiyA jAtA thaa| aise viSama viSamayI vAtAvaraNa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA "mittI meM savve bhUesU vairaM majha na keNaI" kA udghoSa pIr3ita pratAr3ita evaM padadalita mAnava ke lie sukhada pAzcarya thaa| unake dvArA satya, ahiMsA, prema evaM karuNA kA sandeza apane Apa meM krAntikArI vicAra thA / sAmAjika jIvana meM sahaastitva : zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra nejaM icchasi apparagato, jaMcana icchAmi apparagato taM iccha parassa vimA, ettimaggaM jiNa sAsaraNayaM (jisa hiMsaka vyApAra ko tuma apane lie pasanda nahIM karate ho, use dUsare bhI pasanda nahIM karate haiM / jisa dayAmayI vyavahAra ko tuma pasanda karate ho use saba hI pasanda karate haiM) kA upadeza dekara sAmAjika jIvana meM sahaastitva ke siddhAnta ko sarvaprathama pratiSThita kiyaa| eka vAra ke pravAsa meM eka ziSya ne bhagavAn se prazna pUchAprabho ! Apane ahiMsA ko kyoM svIkAra kiyA ? zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne uttara diyA "saMsAra meM vyApta samasta carAcara jIvoM meM samAna cetanA hai| sabhI AtmAe~ samAna rUpa se sukha cAhatI haiM / jisa prakAra hameM jIne kA adhikAra hai usI prakAra dUsaroM

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124 rAjanItika saMdarbha ko bhI jIne kA adhikAra denA hogA / jisa dina hama ima cirantana matya ko svIkAra kara leMge tabhI pUrNa sAdhaka hone kA dAvA kara skeNge|" bhagavAn mahAvIra apane samasta siddhAntoM, nItiyoM, Adarza evaM upadezoM ke mAdhyama se eka samatAmayI samAja kI racanA karanA cAhate the jahAM pratyeka prANI binA kisI bhaya, bAharI davAva tathA vandhanoM se mukta hokara svatantra rUpa se raha sake / aise hI samAja kI racanA ke lie usa mauna mUka sAdhaka ne hiMsA ke tANDava nRtya ke virodha meM ahiMsAtmaka rUpa se jisa krAnti kA zaMkhanAda kiyA usakI upAdeyatA Aja bhI rAmajhI jA rahI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja ke isa ati bhautikavAdI vainAnika yuga me bhI mamrNa mAnava jAti ko vinAza se bacAne ke lie zAntipUrNa sahanastitva kI vicAradhArA ko svIkAra kiyA jA rahA hai| yuddha se zAnti nahIM : "yuddha se zAnti nahIM ho sakatI" isa satya kA jJAna vizva zaktiyoM ko baDe kaTu anubhavoM ke vAda huyA / anyathA pichalI arddha zatAbdI meM hue do vizva yuddha tathA anya aneka choTe-bar3e yuddha manupya ke mahAnAza ke kAraNa na vanate / viyatanAma meM laDe jAne vAle lamve yuddha ne yaha bhI siddha kara diyA ki Aja ke yuga meM samasyAoM kA samAdhAna yuddhoM ne nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai" ataH amarIkA jaisI aparAjeya aAdhunikatama zakti ko bhI vArtA ke lie vivaza honA par3A / bhArata ne sahanastitva ke siddhAnta ko samaya para samajha kara svatantratA ke prArambha se hI use apanI videza nIti ke mAnya middhAnta ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| videza nAti ke nirdezaka tatva : bhAratIya saMvidhAna ke adhyAya 4 anuccheda 51 meM bhArata kI videza nIti ke lie nirdeza die gae haiM(1) rAjya antarrASTrIya zakti aura surakSA kI unnati kA prayAsa kare / (2) rAjya rASTroM ke bIca nyAya aura sammAnapUrNa sambandhoM ko banAye rakhane kA prayAsa kre| (3) rAjya antarrASTrIya vidhi aura saMdhi baMdhanoM ke prati Adara bar3hAne kA prayatna kre| (4) rAjya antarrASTrIya vivAdoM ko madhyasthatA dvArA nipaTAne kA prayAsa kare aura tadartha protsAhana de| pichale paccIsa varSo se hamArI videza nIti ke mUlabhUta AdhAra ye nirdezana hI rahe haiM / hamArI sakriya taTasthatA nIti anuccheda 51 kA hI vistRta rUpa hai / ise adhika vyApaka svarUpa pradAna karane ke lie san 1954 meM svargIya pradhAna maMtrI paNDita javAharalAla neharU ne inheM paMcazIla ke nimna siddhAMtarUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA(1) saba dezoM dvArA paraspara eka dUsare deza kI prAdezika akhaNDatA evaM prabhusattA kA sammAna /

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zAMtipUrNa sahaastitva ke vikAsa-krama meM mahAvIra ke vicAra 125 (2) parampara anAkramaNa / (3) Arthika rAjanItika yA saiddhAMtika kAraNoM se paraspara kisI deza ke prAMtarika mAmaloM meM hastakSepa kA abhAva / (4) paraspara lAbha kI samAnatA / (5) zAntipUrNa sahaastitva / jiyo aura jIne do : bhAratIya svatantratA ke samaya vizva kI rAjanIti rUsa va amerikA ke netRtva meM kramazaH samAjavAdI evaM prajAtantrIya vicAroM ke anurUpa do khemoM meM baMTI huI thii| duniyA ke adhikAMza deza inameM se kisI eka ke samarthana meM hI apane vaidezika kartavya kI iti zrI samajhate the| aise samaya bhArata ne guTIya rAjanIti se taTastha rahane kI ghopaNA kara vizva rASTroM ke lie nayA mArga prazasta kiyA / jisa prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA karate hue spapTa kiyA ki ego viraI kujjA, egagroya pavattaNaM / asajame niyanti ca, saMjame ya pavattaNaM / / (jahAM hiMsA, asatsaMkalpa, durAcaraNa se nivRtta honA hai vahAM ahiMsA, dayA, prema, karuNA, saMyama tathA prANI rakSA meM pravRtta honA bhI hai / ) usI prakAra bhArata kI taTasthatA nIti ke rUpa meM hamane jisa nIti ko svIkAra kiyA vaha kevala nipevakArI nahI thI / usakA lakSya vizva kI rAjanIti se alaga honA nahIM thA apitu guTIya AdhAra para vibhakta vizva ko jisake netA vAta-bAta para grANavika yuddha kI vamakI dete the, zAMti kA sahI mArga batAkara Live and Let Live jIgro aura jIne do ke rUpa meM sahaastitva kA pratipAdana karanA thaa| pichale do dazakoM meM vizva kI rAjanIti zItayuddha ke tanAvapUrNa vAtAvaraNa se grasta rahI hai / yuddha na hote huye bhI yuddha ke bhaya se sampUrNa mAnavatA AkrAnta thii| sadbhAvanA evaM zAMti ke lie sthApita saMyukta rASTra ke maMca para rASTra ekatra to hote, para unameM pArasparika sandeha avizvAsa ke bhAva abhI dUra nahIM hue the / yahI kAraNa thA ki cIna jaise vizAla deza ko saMyukta rASTra meM sthAna pAne ke lie varSo saMgharpa karanA pdd'aa| lagatA hai vizva zaktiyoM ko aba dhIre-dhIre sahaastitva ke siddhAMta kI upAdeyatA evaM mahatva kA jJAna hone lagA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki sadA eka dUsare kA virodha karane vAle rUsa va amerikA jaise rASTa zrAja kaI staroM para paraspara eka dUsare kA sahayoga kara rahe haiN| yaha bhAratIya videza nIti ke siddhAMtoM kI mahatvapUrNa vijaya hai / mAIkela phuTa ke zabdoM meM "saMsAra svatantra bhArata kA RNI hai ki usane hama sabhI ko balki sAre saMsAra ko zakti janya dopoM se bacAyA hai| nahIM to sambhava thA hama sabhI vinAza ke garta me pahuMca gaye hote|"

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rAjanItika saMdarbha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ahiMsA tathA samAnatA para grAdhArita samAja kI parikalpanA bhI bhArata meM prajAtaMtrIya zAsana paddhati me samAjavAdI samAja vyavasthA kA nirmANa kara sAkAra kI jA rahI hai / samajhadArI kI bhASA : bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pazcAtavartI varSo meM unake anuyAyiyoM dvArA zAstroM, rUr3hiyoM tathA paramparA ke bandhanoM meM baMdhI-vadhAyI ahiMsA ko Adhunika yuga meM mahAtmA gAMdhI ne nayA svarUpa diyA / gAMdhIjI ne use binA raktapAta ke grAjAdI kI lar3AI kA mova upAya btaayaa| unhoMne samAja meM zrama ko punaH pratiSThita kiyA / zopaNa aura chala ke virodha meM sAtvika jIvana kA mArga batAyA / grasahayoga athavA savinaya gravajA kA eka aisA ahiMsaka rAstA khoja nikAlA ki gulAmI kI jaMjIreM bhI TUTa par3IM / satyAgraha kA siddhAMta to yuga ke ahiMsAvAdiyoM ke lie varadAna bana gyaa| yadyapi zrAja bhI hirozimA aura nAgAsAkI para kiyA gayA bama prayoga mAnava meM sthita pazutA kA bhAna karAtA hai,' tathApi grantarrASTrIya stara para sahayoga, sadbhAva evaM vizva baMdhutva ke vaDhane caraNa nizcaya hI zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke siddhAMtoM kA hI vyApaka rUpa hai / rASTroM meM samajhadArI kI sAmAnya bhASA kA vikAsa zAMtipUrNa sahaastitva ke siddhAMtoM kI vijaya kA paricAyaka hai / 126 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI grahiMsA kevala ' jIyo aura jIne do' taka hI sImita nahIM hai / vaha to vizva maitrI kA virATa rUpa dhAraNa karake akhila vizva ko apanI goda meM sameTa letI hai / 'jIyo aura jIne do' se grAge bar3hakara dUsaroM ko jIvita rakhane ke liye utprerita karatI hai / grahisA kA vizAla citana to prANImAtra ke sAtha grAtma-bhAva evaM baMdhu-bhAva kI jIvita preraNA pradAna karatA hai / jisa dina vizva bhagavAn mahAvIra ke isa ciraMtana satya ko pUrNa rUpa se svIkAra karegA usI dina vAstavika zAMti sthApita hogI /

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22 guTa nirapekSatA kA siddhAnta aura mahAvIra kA anekAMta dRSTikoNa * DaoN0 subhASa mizra zranekAnta dRSTi : satya aura zrahiMsA kA pariNAma : mahAtmA gAMdhI ne kahA hai ki 'merA anubhava hai ki maiM apanI dRSTi se sadA satya hI hotA hUM, kintu mere ImAnadAra grAlocaka taba bhI mujha meM galatI dekhate haiM / pahale maiM apane ko sahI aura unako ajJAnI mAna letA thA, kintu aba maiM mAnatA hUM ki apanI prapanI jagaha hama donoM ThIka haiM, kaI andhoM ne hAthI ko alaga-alaga TaTolakara usakA jo varNana kiyA thA vaha dRSTAnta anekAntavAda kA sabase acchA udAharaNa hai / isI siddhAnta ne mujhe yaha batalAyA ki musalamAnoM kI jAMca muslima dRSTikoNa se tathA IsAI kI parIkSA IsAI dRSTikoNa se kI jAnI caahie| pahale maiM mAnatA thA ki mere virodhI jJAna meM haiM, ja maiM virodhiyoM ko pyAra karatA hUM kyoMki zrava meM apane virodhiyoM kI dRSTi se bhI dekha sakatA hU~ | merA anekAntavAda satya aura ahimA ina yugala siddhAntoM kA hI parigAma hai / " gAMdhI aura anekAnta dRSTi : bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dena svarUpa anekAntavAdI cintana, jaina evaM jainetara bhAratIya darzanoM meM pratyakSa aura apratyakSa, aneka rUpoM meM samAyA huA hai, kintu darzanagata anekAntavAdI vicAraNA kevala cintana ke rUpa meM hI rahI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kAla meM dharma ke kSetra meM usakI eka vyAvahArika bhUmikA bhI thI, tathApi usakA saiddhAntika rUpa hI bAravAra sAmane AyA hai / bIsavIM zatAbdI ke navajAgaraNa kAla meM mahAtmA gAMdhI meM grAkara vaha anekAntavAda navajIvana prApta karatA hai, usakI sAmAjika aura rAjanaitika jIvana meM vyAvahArika upayogitA pramANita huI hai / yaha kahanA asatya na hogA ki mahAtmA gAMdhI kA sampUrNa cintana aura kArya anekAntavAda kI hI taraha satya aura ahiMsA para AdhArita hai / ataH yadi bhArata ke punarutthAna, punargaThana, punarjAgaraNa evaM naI sAMskRtika cetanA meM mahAtmA gAMdhI kAraNa yA sahayogI haiM to prakArAntara se mahAvIra ke anekAntavAda ko bhI isakA zreya hai / anAgrahI dRSTikoNa kI zrAvazyakatA : Aja kA vizva itanA jaTila, vibhinna guToM meM vibhAjita, saMgharSazIla tathA pari

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rAjanItika saMdarma sthitiyoM se ghirA huA hai ki isake uddhAra ke lie taTastha evaM nirAgrahI dRSTikoNa kI AvazyakatA hai| koI bhI AgrahapUrNa cintana, koI bhI AgrahI vicAraka bAja ke sasAra kI jaTilatAoM ko kucha aura ulajhA dene ke sivAya kucha bhI nahIM de sktaa| aura jaba bhI aisI paristhitiyAM pAI hai yA jaba bhI kisI citaka ne yA mahApurupa ne saMsAra ko kucha diyA hai to vaha nizcita hI taTastha ciMtana kA anumodaka rahA hai| IsAmasIha bhI anekAntavAda ke popaka the| unakA kahanA hai "mere pitA ke yahAM aneka makAna haiM, maiM kisI bhI makAna ko tor3ane nahIM AyA, pratyut savakI rakSA aura pUrNatA merA uddezya hai / " guTa nirapekSatA ke mUla meM anekAnta : Aja vizva ke sabhI gapTha paraspara kA vizvAsa kho baiThe haiM aura koI bhI rASTra kabhI bhI kisI bhI rASTra kI pITha para prahAra kara sakatA hai| Akhira aisA kyoM ? yaha isalie ki Aja mabhI rASTra anya rASTroM ke samakSa apane Apako adhika zaktizAlI aura sampanna rUpa meM prastuta karanA cAhate haiM, tathA dUsare rASTroM kI zakti evaM sampannatA ke prati anudAra evaM asahiSNu hai / zakti aura mampannatA kI hor3a meM hI Aja kI sampUrNa mAnava jAti kI gakti kA apavyaya ho rahA hai tathA zakti aura sampannatA ko bar3hAne ke uddezya se hI samAna svArthoM vAle rASTroM ne milakara apane-apane guTa banAkara khar3e kara lie haiN| ye guTa, cAhe ve sAmrAjyavAdI hoM yA sAmyavAdI hoM, vizva ke vinAza kI bhUmikA taiyAra kara rahe haiM / isIlie bhArata ne guTa nirapekSatA ko nIti apanAI hai| isa guTa-nirapekSatA ke mula meM anekAntavAda preraNA ke rUpa meM sakriya thA-yaha to maiM nahIM kaha sakatA, kintu yaha avazya kahUMgA ki cintana meM aura dhArmika samanviti ke kSetra meM jo anekAntavAda thA, mAmAnyatayA rAjanIti ke kSetra meM vahI guTanirapekSatA hai / anekAnta dRSTikoNa : satya kI talAza : loka aura jIva kI nityatA, anityatA, jIva aura zarIra ke bhedAbheda Adi praznoM para bhagavAn buddha mauna rahe, tathA inako 'gravyAkRta' kaha diyA / ye prazna bhagavAn buddha ke aham prazna the| bhagavAn buddha ne inakA uttara isalie nahIM diyA, kyoMki ve tatkAlIna pracalita dArzanika vAdoM meM kisI se prativaddha nahIM honA cAhate the| yadi ve Izvara aura AtmA ko nitya evaM satya kahate to unheM kinhIM aMgoM meM upaniSad-samarthita zAzvatatAvAda ko svIkAra karanA par3atA, aura yadi ve inheM anitya aura asatya kahate to eka prakAra se unheM cAvaki-jaise ucchedavAdiyoM kA samarthana karanA par3atA / para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne tatkAlIna pracalita isa prakAra ke mabhI vAda-vivAdoM kI parIkSA kI aura jisameM jitanA grAhya satya thA, use utanI hI mAtrA meM svIkAra karake, sabhI vAdoM kA samanvaya kiyaa| jina praznoM ke uttara meM bhagavAn buddha mauna rahe, unhIM kA uttara anekAntavAda ke Azraya se bhagavAna mahAvIra ne diyaa| isa bAta kI puSTi meM yahAM eka udAharaNa denA samIcIna hogA "loka kI sAntatA aura anantatA ke viSaya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA kahanA hai ki dravya kI apekSA se loka zAnta hai, kyoMki yaha saMkhyA meM eka hai, kintu bhAva arthAt paryAyoM

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guTa nirapekSatA kA siddhAnta aura mahAvIra kA anekAMta dRSTikoNa 126 kI apekSA se yaha ananta hai, kyoMki loka dravya ke paryAya ananta haiN| kAla kI dRSTi se loka ananta hai arthAt zAzvata haiM, kyoMki aisA koI kAla nahIM, jisa meM loka kA astitva na ho, kintu kSetra kI dRSTi se loka zAnta hai, kyoMki sakala kSetra meM se kucha hI loka haiM, anyatra nhiiN| yaha anekAMtavAda kA hI camatkAra hai ki loka ko zAnta mAnane vAle ora ananta mAnane vAle haThI cintakoM ke sAmane tArkikatApUrNa DhaMga se loka ko zAnta aura ananta donoM siddha karake, unakA samanyava sambhava huaa|" vastutaH isa uddharaNa meM Ae hue 'sAnta' aura 'ananta' zabdoM ko lekara hI isa cintana praNAlI kA nAma 'anekAntavAda' pdd'aa| isake anusAra kisI bhI satya kA eka hI anta nahIM hai, ananta apekSA bhedoM se usake ananta anta hote haiN| anekAntavAdI bhAva ko mUcita karane ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne vAkyoM meM 'syAt' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| isIlie anekAntavAda 'syAdvavAda' ke nAma se bhI prasiddha huyA hai| vastuta: 'syAdvavAda' anekAntavAdI cintana kI abhivyakti kI zailI kA nAma hai / anekAnta cintana ke preraNA-sUtra : bhagavAna mahAvIra kA yaha anekAntavAda mukhya rUpa se hameM tIna bAtoM kI preraNA detA hai (ka) koI bhI mata yA siddhAnta pUrNataH satya yA asatya nahIM hai, arthAt siddhAntoM ke prati durAgraha nahIM honA caahie| (kha) virodhiyoM dvArA gRhIta aura mAnya satya bhI satya hai isalie, usa satya kA apane jIvana meM upayoga na karate hue bhI usake prati sammAna kA bhAva rakhanA caahie| isa prakAra se virodhiyoM ke satya meM bhI hamAre lie sRjanazIla sambhAvanAeM nihita mileMgI, anyathA, virodhiyoM ke satya ke prati hamArA upekSAbhAva vidhvaMsaka bhAvoM ko janma degaa| (ga) manupya kA jJAna apUrNa hai aura aisA koI eka mArga nahIM hai, jisa para calakara eka hI vyakti satya ke sabhI pakSoM kI jAnakArI prApta kara sake / ataH satya ke lie kathita anya mArga bhI utane hI zreSTha haiM, jitanA hamArA apanA mArga / isa satya ko svIkAra kara lene para hamAre jJAna kI abhivRddhi hotI rahegI aura hamAre cintana ke dvAra avaruddha nahIM hoNge| guTa nirapekSatA meM anekAnta ko samAhiti : guTa nirapekSatA meM uparyukta tInoM bAteM kisI na kisI rUpa meM vidyamAna haiM, yathA (ka) jisa prakAra anekAntavAda kisI eka hI cintana ke prati durAgrahI nahIM hai, usI prakAra guTa nirapekSatA meM bhI Agraha zUnya hokara apanI rASTrIya nItiyoM kI svIkRti ke sAtha vibhinna guToM kI nItiyoM ke grAhya satya ko svIkAra liyA jAtA hai aura agrAhya nItiyoM ko vinA AlocanA kie hue hI chor3a diyA jAtA hai| (kha) jisa prakAra anekAntavAda virodhiyoM ke satya ke prati sammAna kA bhAva rakhane hue use 'matya' ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai, usI prakAra guTa nirapekSatA meM bhI gaToM kI

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130 rAjanItika saMdarbha una nItiyoM ke prati bhI Adara hotA hai (honA cAhie), jinheM guTa nirapekSa rASTra apane lie hitakara nahIM mAnate / (ga) jisa prakAra anekAntavAda dUsare ke vicAne kI satyatA, prAmANikatA aura svAyattatA ko svIkAra karatA hai usI prakAra guTa nirapekSatA meM bhI anya rASTroM kI nItiyo. unakI sArvabhaumikatA aura svatantratA ke prati sammAna kA bhAva pradhAna hai| donoM meM kitanA sAmya : _ isake atirikta anekAnta aura guTa nirapekSatA meM kAragata aura kAryagata nAmya bhI hai / anekAnta kA janma vaicArika hiMsA ko rokane ke lie harA thA, guTa nirapekSatA kI AvazyakatA kI pratIti bhI mAnavIya hiMsA ko rokane ke lie huI hai| anekAnta kA uddezya vicAra-jagata meM vyApta kolAhala ko zAMta karanA hai, guTa nirapekSatA kA uddezya bhI vizva meM vyApta azAnti ko dUra karanA hai / anekAntavAda para vicAra karate hue, Aja kI vizva kI viSama paristhitiyoM ko dekhate hue, Aye dina yuddha kI khabareM sunate hue, mujhe lagatA hai ki saMsAra ko bAja jahAM honA cAhie thA--vizvazAMti aura vizvavandhutva kI kalpanA ko sAkAra banAne ke lie saMsAra ko jahAM Aja nahIM to kala pahu~canA hI hogA--vahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anekAnta dRSTikoNa ke rUpa meM bhArata paccIsa sau varSa pUrva hI pahuMca cukA thaa| anekAntavAda dharma aura darzana ko sAmAjika vyavahAra se jor3atA hai| imIlie anekAnta zailI para guTa nirapekSatA rAjanIti ko sAMskRtika mUlyoM se jor3atI hai| koI bhI guTa tabhI nirmita hotA hai jaba hama kisI bhI 'vAda' ko ekAntika rUpa se satya mAnakara na kevala anya sabhI vAdoM kI upekSA karate haiM, balki unheM asatya ThaharA dete haiM / Aja sAmyavAdI samajhate haiM ki prajAtAntrika rASTra galata rAha para haiM aura prajAtAntrika deza samajhate haiM ki sAmyavAdI dizA dRSTihIna hai| inhIM asahamatiyoM se pahale nIti jagat meM kolAhala paidA hotA hai aura phira dhIre-dhIre yuddha ke khatare sAgane A jAte hai| ina sthitiyoM se bacane ke lie inheM paidA na hone dene ke lie aura apanA sahaja vikAsa karane ke lie guTa nirapekSatA usI prakAra eka sarva mulabha upAya hai jisa prakAra paccIsa sau varSa pUrva dhArmika, dArzanika vivAdoM meM na par3ane ke lie, pracalita vArmika vivAdoM ko zAnta karane ke lie aura yAtma-vikAsa ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra kA anekAnta dRSTikoNa eka svIkRta sAdhana thA / rAjanIti ko sAMskRtika mUlyoM se jor3ane kI prakriyA : Upara maiMne kahA hai aura yaha merA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki guTa nirapekSatA rAjanIti ko sAMskRtika mUlyoM se jor3ane kA prayAsa hai / yadi guTa nirapekSa rASTra guTabaddha rASTroM kI nItiyoM ke prati utane hI anudAra aura nindaka ho jAeM, unake apane hI svArtha pradhAna ho jAeM, to guTa nirapekSatA bhI Age calakara eka prakAra ke guTa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara legii| Aja ke rASTroM kI paraspara ulajhanoM ke kAraNa taTastha rASTrIya nItiyoM ke sAmane yaha khatarA

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guTa nirapekSatA kA siddhAMnta aura mahAvIra kA anekAMta dRSTikoNa vikarAla rUpa meM upasthita hai / yadi aisA huA to guTa nirapekSatA kA anekAnta ke sAtha kucha bhI sambandha nahIM jor3A jA skegaa| guTa nirapekSatA ke atirikta sahaastitva, sahajIvana aura paMcazIla-ina sabakA mUlAdhAra anekAntavAda hI hai / isIlie Adhunika jagat meM vizva maitrI, vizva bandhutva evaM vizva zAnti ke sabase bar3e dUta (svapna-draSTA) mahAtmA gAMdhI ne anekAnta ko apane jIvana kA Adarza mAna liyA thaa| anekAntavAda ne hI mahAtmA gAMdhI ko vaha zakti dI thI ki ve virodhiyoM kI najara se prAtmalocana kara sake vibhinna dharmo, jAtiyoM, sampradAyoM aura rASTroM ko unakI samagratA evaM sampUrNatA meM dekha-samajha sake / dvitIya vizvayuddha ke samaya briTenavirodhI dezoM kA sAtha dene ke prastAva ke virodha meM mahAtmA gAMdhI ne kahA thA ki 'yadi landana kI dhUla kI kImata para bhArata ko AjAdI milI bhI to vaha kisa kAma kI / ' gAMdhI ke isa kathana meM jo ahiMsA, jo tyAga aura tAtkAlika svArtho kI pUrti se jo alagAva vidyamAna hai, vaha guTa nirapekSatA ke lie Adarza hai|

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vizva-zAMti ke sandarbha meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA sandeza * DA0 (zrImatI) zAntA mAnAvata grAja vyakti, parivAra, samAja aura vizva mabhI yuddha kI vibhIpikA se azAMta aura bhayatrasta hai / zItayuddha aura gRhayuddha kI yaha cinagArI kabhI bhI vizvayuddha kA rUpa le sakatI hai| itihAsa ke pRSTha jana-saMhAra aura raktapAta se bhare par3e haiM / isa apAra narasaMhAra ke pIche kyA rahasya hai ? apanA svArtha-popaNa aura sattAlipsA / rAjanItivettAoM kA kahanA hai ki jo rASTra artha, zastra aura dhana-dhAnya meM samartha hotA hai, vaha sadaiva kamajora rASTra ko dabAne kI koziza karatA hai| hiMsA se vaira bar3hatA hai| Aja jo azakta hai, use valavAna dabAtA hai| kamajorI ke kAraNa vaha usakA pratikAra nahIM kara pAtA / parantu jaba bhI vaha sazakta hogA, apanA pratizodha avazya legaa| isase hiMsA-pratihimA kI zrRMkhalA bar3hatI calI jAyegI aura isa krama meM prANiyoM kI hatyAeM hoMgI, rASTra kI sampatti naSTa hogI, vyakti kI mRjanAtmaka zakti kA hrAsa hogA aura mAnava-sabhyatA kA sampUrNa vikAsa niHNepa ho jAyegA / isa hiMsAjanya krUra pravRtti se bacane ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ahiMsA ke mArga ko hI zreSTha upAya vatalAyA hai| 1. ahiMsAvAda : eka samaya thA jaba duniyA bahuta bar3I thii| Aja vaijJAnika pragati aura takanIkI vikAsa ne samaya aura sthAna kI dUrI para vijaya prApta kara duniyA ko bahuta choTA banA diyA hai / pariNAmasvarUpa duniyA ke kisI bhI bhAga meM ghaTita sAdhAraNa sI ghaTanA kA prabhAva bhI pUre vizva para par3atA hai / Aja do rASTroM kI lar3AI kevala unhIM taka sImita nahIM rhtii| usase vizva ke sabhI rASTra Andolita ho uThate haiM aura jana-mAnasa azAnta aura bhayabhIta hue binA nahIM rahatA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vaiyaktika, mAmAjika aura rASTrIya-antarrASTrIya stara para bhaya-mukti ke lie ahiMsA-siddhAnta kA udghopa kiyaa| unhoMne bar3I dRr3hatA ke mAtha kahA-sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM caahtaa| savako apanA jIvana priya hai / manupya to kyA unhoMne pRthvI jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati ke jIvoM kI rakSA karane taka kI pahala kI hai / akhaNDa mRSTi ke prati yaha premamArga hI vizva-zAMti kA mUla hai|

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vizva-zAMti ke sandarbha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA sandeza mahAvIra kA ahiMsA-siddhAnta var3A sUkSma aura gahana hai| unhoMne kisI prANI kI hatyA karanA hI hiMsA nahIM mAnA, unakI dRSTi meM to mana meM kiye gaye hiMsaka kAryo kA samarthana karanA bhI hiMsA hai / yadi ahiMsA kI isa bhAvanA ko vyakti kiMcit bhI apane hRdaya meM sthAna de to phira azAMti aura prAkulatA ho hI kyoM ? 2. samatAvAda : ahiMsA-siddhAnta kA hI vidhAyaka tatva hai samatA, vipamatA kA abhAva / duniyA meM koI choTA-bar3A nahIM hai, sabhI samAna haiN| samatAvAda ke isa siddhAnta dvArA mahAvIra ne jAtivAda, varNavAda aura raMgabheda kA khaNDana kiyA aura batAyA ki vyakti janma yA jAti se bar3A nahIM hai / use bar3A banAte haiM usake guNa, usake karma / karma se hI vyakti brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra banatA hai / mahAvIra ke samaya meM varNa vyavasthA bar3I kaThora thii| zUdroM ko samAja meM avama aura nikRSTa mAnA jAtA thA / nArI kI bhI yahI sthiti thii| usake lie sAdhanA ke mArga banda the| mahAvIra ne isa vyavasthA ke viruddha krAMti kii| harikezI jaise zUdra kulotpanna unake mAdhu saMgha meM the aura candanavAlA jaisI nArI ko na kevala unhoMne dIkSita hI kiyA varan sAdhvI saMgha kA sampUrNa netRtva bhI use sauNpaa| ve svayaM kSatriya the parantu unake anuyAyiyoM meM brAhmaNa, vaizya, zUdra sabhI sammilita the / __mahAvIra ke isa samatA-siddhAnta kI Aja bhI vizva ko bar3I jarUrata hai| bhArata meM varNa-vyavasthA meM grAja bhale hI thor3I DhIla AI ho parantu dakSiNa aphrIkA aura amerikA meM kAle-gore kA bheda Aja bhI vidyamAna hai / nIgro Aja bhI vahAM hIna dRSTi se dekhA jAnA hai| dharma, sampradAya aura jAti ke nAma para Aja bhI vizva meM tanAva aura bheda-bhAva hai| yadi mahAvIra ke isa siddhAnta ko sacce arthoM meM apanA liyA jAye to yaha vizva sabake lie AnandasthalI aura zAMtidhAma bana jAye / 3 aparigrahavAda : 20vIM zatAbdI meM zAMti kA kSetra bar3A vyApaka ho gayA hai| Aja vyaktigata zAMti ke mahatva se adhika mahatva vizvazAMti kA hai : isa sAmUhika zAMti kI prApti ke lie mAnava ne aneka sAdhana DhUMDha nikAle haiM lekina aba taka use zAMti nahIM mila pAI hai| isakA mUla kAraNa hai-aArthika vaiSamya / . bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa viSamatA ko dUra karane kA jo sUya diyA, vaha Aja bhI prabhAvakArI hai| unakA yaha siddhAnta aparigrahavAda ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / aparigrahavAda se tAtparya hai-mamatva ko kama karanA, anAvazyaka saMgraha na krnaa| saMsAra meM jhUTha, corI. anyAya, hiMsA, chala, kapaTa, Adi jo pApa haiM, unake mUla meM vyakti kI parigraha kI bhAvanA adhikAdhika upArjana kI prabala icchA hI hai| isa prabala icchA ko sImita rakhanA hI aparigraha hai| ina icchAoM para aMkuza lagAne kA eka bahuta hI sarala upAya bhagavAn mahAvIra ne btaayaa| unhoMne kahA-AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha mata kro| apanI AvazyakatAoM ko

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134 rAjanItika sadarbha . sImita banAyo / yadi vyakti apanI AvazyakatAyeM mImita kara legA to usakI icchAeM svataH sImita ho jaayeNgii| vijJAna kI unnati se yadyapi aAja vastuoM kA utpAdana kaI gunA bar3ha gayA hai tathApi unakA abhAva hI abhAva parilakSita hotA hai| Aja bhI bahuta se aise loga haiM jinake pAsa khAne ko anna aura pahanane ko vaca sulabha nahIM hai / isakA kAraNa hai ki mAnava, samAja aura rASTra kI saMgraha-vRtti ne kRtrima abhAva paidA kara diyA hai| Aja kA vyakti bar3A lobhI hai / vaha vastuoM kA saMgraha kara bAjAra meM usakA prabhAva dekhanA cAhatA hai / jyoMhI vastuoM kA abhAva huA ki unakI bar3hI kImatoM ko prApta kara vaha lakhapati, karor3apati bananA cAhatA hai / vastuoM ke abhAva meM utpanna huI apane hI bhAiyoM kI parezAniyoM kI vaha vilkula bhI cintA nahIM karatA / AvazyakatA se adhika vastueM eka sthAna para saMgRhIta na kI jAye to ve sabake lie sulabha ho jAyeMgI / phira pUjIvAda aura sAmyavAda ke nAma se jo virodha aura saMgharpa Aja cala rahe haiM, ve svataH hI samApta ho jaayeNge| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne spaSTa kahA--azAMti kA mUla kAraNa vastu ke prati mamatva evaM Asakti kA honA hai / saMgRhIta vastu para kisI prakAra kI prAMca nahIM Aye, use koI lekara nahIM calA jAya, isa cintA se usake saMrakSaNa aura saMvardhana kI bhAvanA paidA hotI hai / anya vyakti usa vastu ko lenA cAhegA to usase maMgharSa hogA / phalasvalpa yuddha hogA raktapAta hogA aura azAMti bddh'egii| saMsAra meM koI bhI vyakti na kucha sAtha lekara AtA hai na kucha sAtha lekara jAtA hai| phira ajita vastuoM para itanI mamatA kyoM ? tRSNA va hAya-hAya kyoM ? saMgharSa va dveSa kyoM ? vastueM sabhI yahIM par3I raheMgI, hameM saba yahI chor3a kara jAnA hai, jIvana bharaNabhaMgura hai / na mAlUma kaba mRtyu A jAya / ataH hameM mamatva bhAva ko chor3a samabhAva ko apanAnA cAhie / yahI samatva bhAva bhagavAna mahAvIra kA aparigrahavAda hai| jaba yaha samatva bhAva mana meM AyegA taba eka rASTra dUsare rASTra ko har3apane kI koNiNa nahIM karegA, use apanA upaniveza nahIM banAyegA, tAnAzAha banakara vahAM ke jana-dhana kA saMhAra nahIM karegA / kisI ko apane AdhIna rakhane kI bhAvanA usameM janma nahIM legii| sabhI svAdhIna haiN| ve svatantratApUrvaka apane vyaktitva kA vikAsa kreN| aisI sarvahitakArI bhAvanA se nizcaya hI vizvazAMti ko bala milegA ! kArla mArksa ne bhI Arthika vaipamya ko miTAne ke lie varga-saMgharpa aura atirikta mUlya ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| para mArksa kI vivecanA kA aAdhAra bhautika padArtha hai, usameM cetanA ko nakArA gayA hai jaba ki mahAvIra kI vivecanA cetanAmUlaka hai| isakA kendra-bindu koI jar3a padArtha nahIM, varan vyakti svayaM hai / 4.anekAMtavAda : azAMti ke mukhya kAraNa haThavAditA, durAgraha, aura ekAntikatA haiN| vijJAna ke vikAsa ne vyakti ko adhika bauddhika aura tArkika banA diyA hai| vaha apane pratyeka tarka ko sahI mAnane kA daMbha bharatA hai| dUsaroM ke dRSTikoNa ko samajhane kA vaha prayatna nahIM

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vizva-gAMti ke saMdarbha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA sandeza 135 karatA / isa ahaMbhAva aura ekAMta dRSTikoNa se Aja vyakti, parivAra, samAja aura rASTra sabhI pIr3ita haiM / isIlie unameM saMgharSa hai, sauhArda kA abhAva hai| ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa sthiti se vizva ko ubArane ke lie anekAMtavAda (siddhAMta) kA pratipAdana kiyaa| unakA kahanA hai ki pratyeka vastu ke ananta pakSa haiN| una pakSoM ko unhoMne dharma kI saMjJA dii| isa dRSTikoNa se saMsAra kI pratyeka vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai / kisI bhI padArtha ko aneka dRSTiyoM se dekhanA, kisI bhI vastu tatva kA bhinnabhinna apekSAoM se paryAlocana karanA anekAMtavAda hai / ananta dharmAtmaka vastu ko yadi koI eka hI dharma meM sImita karanA cAhe, kisI eka dharma ke dvArA hone vAle jJAna ko hI samagra vastu kA jJAna samajha baiThe to yaha vastu ko yathArtha svarUpa meM samajhanA na hogaa| sApekSa sthiti meM hI yaha satya ho sakatA hai, nirapekSa sthiti meM nhiiN| hAthI ko khaMbhe jaisA batalAne vAlA vyakti apanI dRSTi se saccA hai, parantu hAthI ko rassI jaisA kahane vAle kI dRSTi meM vaha saccA nahIM hai / ataH hAthI kA samagra jAna karane ke lie, samUce hAthI kA jJAna karAne vAlI sabhI dRSTiyoM ko apekSA rahatI haiN| isI apekSA hapTi ke kAraNa 'anekAMtavAda' kA nAma apekSAvAda aura syAdvAda bhI hai / syAt kA artha hai-kisI apekSA se, kisI dRSTi se aura vAda kA artha hai-kathana karanA, apekSA vizeSa se vastu tatva kA vivecana karanA hI sthAdvAda hai| anekAntavAda kahatA hai ki yaha vastu ekAMtataH aisI hI hai, aisA mata kho| 'hI' ke sthAna para 'bhI' kA prayoga kro| isase dhvanita hogA ki isa apekSA se parata kA svarUpa aisA bhI hai / isa prakAra ke kathana se saMgharSa nahIM bar3hegA aura paraspara samatA tathA sauhArda kA madhura vAtAvaraNa nirmita hogA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne yaha acchI taraha jAna liyA thA ki jIvana tatva apane meM pUrNa hote hue bhI vaha kaI aMzoM kI akhaNDa samaSTi hai| isIlie aMzI ko samajhane ke lie aMza kA samajhanA bhI jarUrI hai| yadi hama aMza ko nakArate rahe, usakI upekSA karate rahe to hama aMzI ko usake sarvAMga sampUrNa rUpa meM nahIM samajha sakeMge / sAmAnyataH jhagar3e, durAgraha, haThavAditA Adi eka pakSa para ar3e rahane ke kAraNa hI hote haiM / yadi unake samasta pahaluoM ko acchI taraha se dekha liyA jAya to kahIM na kahI satyAMza nikala hI aayegaa| eka hI vastu yA vicAra ko eka taraha se na dekha kara use cAroM ora se dekha liyA jAya, phira kisI ko aitarAja na rahegA / prasiddha vaijJAnika AinsTIna ne apane sApekSavAda siddhAnta ko isI bhUmikA para pratiSThita kiyA hai / vyakti hI nahIM, Aja ke tathAkathita rASTra bhI durAgraha aura haThavAditA ko chor3a kara yadi vizva kI samasyAoM ko sabhI dRSTiyoM se dekha kara unheM hala karanA cAheM to anekAMta dRSTi se sasammAna hala kara sakate haiM / mahAvIra ko hue lagabhaga 2500 varSa bIta gaye haiM para unakA ahiMsA, samatA, aparigraha aura anekAMta kA siddhAnta aAja bhI utanA hI tAjA aura prabhAvakArI hai, jitanA ki vaha usa samaya thaa|

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24 vartamAna netRtva mahAvIra se kyA sIkhe ? . zrI saubhAgyamala jaina - - . .. - ..... .. - ........ ... . . .... ...... . . ........ jJAna aura karma kA sAmaMjasya : eka jaina AcArya ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kI stuti meM kahA thA mokSa mArgasya netAraM, bhettAraM karma bhUbhratAm / nAtAraM vizva tatvAnAM, vaMde vIramjinezvaram / / ukta janoMka meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vaMdanA karate hue kahA gayA ki Apa mokSa mArga ke netA haiM / Apane karmoM ko naSTa kara diyA hai tathA vizva ke tatvoM (rahasyoM) ke Apa jAtA hai| tAtparya yaha ki ukta stutikAra ne bhagavAn ko mokSa-mArga ke netA, patha-pradarzaka, mArga-darzaka honA batAte hue samasta karmo ke naSTa karane tathA vizva-rahasya ko jAnane vAle nirupita kiyA hai / yadi hama gaharAI se vicAra kareM to hameM yahIM vaha kujI prApta ho sakatI hai ki netRtva meM kisa prakAra ke guNa apekSita haiM ? netA (patha-pradarzaka) meM karma aura jJAna kA sAmya cAhiye / usakA jJAna itanA vizAla ho ki vaha saba rahasyoM ko jAna sake, tathA karma meM usako adamya sAhasa ho / kahA jAtA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMcita karma atyadhika the isa kAraNa unako cakanAcUra karane ke liye unheM athaka tapasyA karanI pdd'ii| netA tava aura ava : bhAratIya svatantratA se pUrva 'netA' zabda unhIM tyAga-tapasyA ke dhanI pratibhAsampanna viziSTa vyaktiyoM ke liye upayoga meM lAyA jAtA thA, jinakA rASTrIya Andolana meM sakriya yogadAna hotA thA, jo bhAratIya jana-mAnasa ko svAtantrya yuddha meM dizA-bodha karAkara rASTra meM nirbhayatA va sadAcAra kA bhAva bharate the tathA jo eka zaktizAlI videzI zAnana se lohA lene ke liye sadaiva taiyAra rahate the| kintu svataMtratA ke pazcAt ke kAla meM 'netA' zabda kA prayoga apavAda ko chor3akara kevala unhIM vyaktiyoM ke liye prayukta kiyA jA rahA hai jinake hAthoM meM zAsana kA sUtra hai / kahA jAtA hai ki prajAtaMtra meM zAsana ke maMtrI, mukhyamaMtrI athavA pradhAna maMtrI hI netA hote haiN| unhIM para deza ko pragati ke mArga para le jAne kA uttaradAyitva hai / deza ko kisa rAste para le jAveM, yaha unhIM ko taya karanA hai / yaha bAta sarvAza meM cAhe satya na ho kintu adhikAMza meM satya hai / yaha sahI hai ki apavAda rUpa kucha aise vyakti haiM jo zAsana ke aMga na hote hue bhI deza kA dizA-darzana karate haiM, kintu yaha bhI satya hai ki prabhAvazAlI rUpa se zAsakIya netA hI deza kI dizA taya kara sakate haiM /

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vartamAna netRtva mahAvIra se kyA sIkhe ? 137 vartamAna netRtva : / uparyukta dRSTikoNa ke pariprekSya meM yaha vicAraNIya prazna haiM ki vartamAna netRtva (zAsakIya) bhagavAna mahAvIra se kyA sIkhe ? Aja kA adhikatara netRtva deza kI zraddhAAdara kA pAtra nahIM raha gayA hai / svataMtratA-pUrva ke netA ko adhikatara apane vyaktigata guNoM ke aAdhAra para netRtva prApta hotA thA / Aja netA Ama cunAva ke pariNAma svarUpa utpanna hote haiM / cunAva meM saba vyakti acche tathA guNa sampanna hI AyeM, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai / prajAtaMtrAtmaka zAsana-paddhati meM mata patra kI gaNanA hotI hai, unako tolA nahIM jAtA yAnI yaha jA~ca nahIM hotI ki mata kisakA diyA humA hai, aura kise diyA hai ? Ama cunAva meM saphala vyakti vidhAna sabhA yA saMsad kA sadasya hokara sthAnIya netRtva prApta kara letA hai| unameM se hI eka bahumata dala kA netA banakara prAdezika netRtva prApta kara letA hai| eka vicAraka ne ThIka hI kahA hai ki prajAtaMtra meM zAsana ausata darje kA milatA hai aura isa saMdarbha meM unhoMne pazuzAlA (guvADe) kI bAta kahI thI, ki eka hI guvAr3e kI saba gAyoM kA dUdha mizrita hotA hai / koI gAya niroga koI rogI hotI hai / isI prakAra prajAtaMtra kA yaha mukhiyA (netA yA mukhya maMtrI) ausata darje kA vyakti hotA hai| Aja ke netRtva ke saMbaMdha meM adhikatara janamAnasa yaha hai ki vaha kursI-premI (Jobseeker) hai / eka vicAraka ke anusAra vizva Aja tIna prakAra ke vyaktiyoM meM vibhAjita haiM-mArksa ke anusAra bhautikavAdI, phrAyaDa ke anusAra kAma-pipAsu tathA sheppdabhilaassii| anargala lakSya : azuddha sAdhana : Aja ke jana-mAnasa kI yaha bhI spaSTa dhAraNA hai ki Aja ke netRtva ko gAMdhIjI ke anuyAyI hone ke dAve ke vAvajUda unake lakSya tathA sAdhana kI zuddhatA kA Agraha nahIM hai / vaha anargala lakSya prApti ke liye azuddha sAdhana kA prayoga karatA hai| isa saba ke atirikta hamAre netRtva ke jIvana meM vyaktigata aura sArvajanika jIvana kA bheda dina-prati-dina spaSTa hotA jA rahA hai| cAhe gAMdhIjI ke rahe-sahe prabhAva ke kAraNa ise spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra na kiyA jAya kintu vyavahAra meM yaha utanA ho spaSTa dIkha rahA hai| deza meM netRtva ke jIvana kI zuddhatA aura pavitratA kA bhAva naSTa hotA jA rahA hai / jana-mAnasa kI dhAraNA banatI jA rahI hai ki Aja kA adhikatara netRtva bhraSTAcAra, pakSapAta, bhAI-bhatIjAvAda Adi meM nihita hai| yadi hama gata 25 varSoM ke akhila bhArata ke kAle kAranAmoM (kANDoM) kI tAlikA taiyAra kareM to eka bahuta bar3A grantha taiyAra ho jAyegA / jitane kANDa sAmane Ate haiM yadi ve sava satya na hoM taba bhI paryApta mAtrA meM unameM satya nihita rahatA hai, isameM sandeha nhiiN| hamAre netRtva ne isa prakAra ke kANDoM kI punarAvRtti na ho isa prakAra kA koI Thosa upAya nahIM khojA / zAsakIya netA kA vyavahAra adhikatara isa prakAra kA hotA hai ki vaha pahale usakI saccAI se inkAra karatA hai, jAMca karAne kI bAta kahatA hai / jAMca meM pratyeka saMbhava

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rAjanItika saMdarbha prakAra ke tarIke apanA kara asatyatA kA poparaNa karane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai taba bhI saphalatA na mile aura jAMca kA pariNAma vipakSa meM ho to pakSapAta yA isI prakAra kI granya bAta kahI jAtI hai / aMgrejI meM kAnUnI jagata meM eka ukti prasiddha hai 1 138 "Deny everything, don't concede, if defeated, plead fraud." netRtva zaMkA se pare ho : prazna yaha hai ki uparyukta paristhiti meM kyA koI netRtva gAMdhI jaisI zraddhA tathA javAhara jaisA pyAra deza se prApta kara sakatA hai ? kahA jAtA hai ki sArvajanika jIvana se sambaddha loga kAMca ke makAna meM rahate haiM / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki unakI pratyeka bAta para jana-mAnasa kI dRSTi rahatI hai tathA unameM sArvajanika jIvana prabhAvita hotA hai / isa kAra yaha atyanta Avazyaka hai ki unakA vyavahAra zaMkA se pare ho / yadi kisI ke vyavahAra ke sambandha meM jana-mAnasa meM zaMkA phaila jAve aura jisase jana-mAnasa kSuvdha hotA najara Aye tava rAmAyaNa kAla kI bhagavatI sItA kI ghaTanA ke anusAra kyA usakA samucita tyAga ucita nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ? kintu grAja hamAre rASTrIya caritra meM aisA udAharaNa lakSita nahIM hotA hai / netRtva kevala rAjanaitika raha gayA : isa prakAra ke netRtva kA pariNAma deza aura samAja para spaSTa dIkha rahA hai / svataMtratA- pUrva ke kAla me rASTrIya netAtroM ke kAryakalApoM meM jo sAtvikatA vidyamAna thI, jIvana-paddhati meM jo saralatA, sAdagI aura prAmANikatA ke prati grAkarSaraNa thA vaha pratidina kama hotA jA rahA hai / grAja deza ko pAzcAtya jIvana-paddhati kA graMdhAnukaraNa karane ke liye protsAhita kiyA jA rahA hai / jisa deza hiMsA ke dvArA svataMtratA arjita kI hai usI deza kA vAtAvaraNa grAja hisAmaya hotA jA rahA hai| choTe-choTe praznoM ko hala karane ke liye hiMsA, tor3a-phor3a, tAlAbaMdI grAdi kA prayoga kiyA jA rahA hai / vyaktigata tathA sArvajanika sampatti ko naSTa karane kA kArya, rAjanItika dala tathA unake anuyAyI dvArA hone kI ghaTanAye sabako jJAta haiM / hiMsA ke hAmI isa deza meM sabhI se ( jisameM grahisaka tathA sAtvika khAnapAna ke hAmI bhI sammilita hai) Taiksa kA dhana prApta karake prasAtvika grAhAra kA pracAra karAyA jA rahA hai, use zAsakIya mAdhyama se protsAhita kiyA jAtA hai| brAz2a ke vAtAvaraNa ke lihAja se yadi koI sAtvikatA, prAmANikatA kI bAta karatA hai to vaha yugahma ghoSita kara diyA jAtA hai / gAMdhIjI ke yuga kI zarAbabaMdI tathA zrama niSThA ke rUpa meM grAdatana khAdI pahanane kA niyama bhI grAja yuga vAhya mAnA jAtA hai / vAstavikatA yaha hai ki netRtva adhikAra-mada sampanna hai / isa avikAra mada ke kAraNa hamAre netRtva ke jIvana mUlya sAre parivartita ho gaye haiM / saralatA sAdagI kA nAmonizAna naz2ara nahIM AtA / zarAvabaMdI kA Agraha pratidina kSINa hotA jA rahA hai| kaI ke vyaktigata vyavahAra meM vaha eka abhinna vastu ho gaI hai| zrama niSThA niHzepa ho gaI hai / Aja kA netRtva sacce artha meM kevala 'rAjanaitika' raha gayA hai / usameM se rASTrIyatA gAyava ho gaI hai / eka vicAraka ke ye zabda isI tathya ko prakaTa karate haiM

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vartamAna netRtva mahAvIra se kyA sIgve ? 136 Statesman is an individual who thinks that he belongs to the nation, if nation will survive he will survive while politician is an individual who thinks that nation belongs to him., if he will survive nation will survive netRtva vyakti-nirapekSa ho : vAstavikatA yaha hai ki jisa prakAra rAjya kA dharma nirapekSa (adhArmika nahIM) honA yAvazyaka hai usI prakAra se netRtva ko vyakti nirapekSa honA cAhiye thA, kintu netRtva ke AsapAsa yA to bhAI-bhatIjA kA jamaghaTa hai yA buzAmadiyoM (cATukAriyoM kA, isa kAraNa zAsakIya nevA meM bharatI, cayana Adi ke prati jana-mAnasa meM vizvAsa kA bhAva jAtA jA rahA hai| netRtva, mahAvIra se yaha sIkhe : siddhAntahIna rAjanIti ke isa yuga meM nirAzA hI nirAzA lagatI hai / jisa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana meM jJAna aura karma kA sAmanjasya thA usI prakAra yadi hamArA netRtva sAmanjasya sthApita kara sake to nizcita rUpa se zAsakIya netRtva sahI dizA kI yora prayANa kara sakatA hai| gAMdhIjI meM dArzanikatA tathA karmayogitva kA yaha sAmaMjasya yA / nirANA ke yuga meM isakI kama sambhAvanA hai ki Aja kA netRtva bhagavAn mahAvIra se svayaM koI zikSA grahaNa karegA / yaha pRthaka bAta hai ki samasyAoM ke ulajhate jAne ke pariNAmasvarUpa netRtva ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM tathA jIvana se preraNA prApta karane tathA usa anusAra vartana karane ko bAdhya honA pdd'e| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nivAraNa ko 2500 varSa ho gaye haiN| unake anuyAyiyoM meM kaI rAjA, kaI maMtrIgaNa bhI the| hAlAMki tatkAlIna maMtrI rAjA kI icchA para hI adhika nirbhara karate the| kaI gaNataMtra bhI the kintu isa vyavasthA kA vistRta vivaraNa nahIM milatA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pazcAt candragupta maurya ke samakAlIna tathA usIkA guru viSNu gupta thA jo cANakya ke nAma se prasiddha hai / kahA jAtA hai ki usa vidvAn ne 3,000 zlokoM kA eka anya 'kauTilya artha zAstra' kI racanA kI thii| usane rAjA tathA maMtrI kI vizeSatA batAte hue kahA ki maMtrI ko dRr3ha citta, zIla sampriya, prAna, dakSa Adi honA cAhiye / Aja ke netRtva ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana se preraNA prApta karake tathA unake dvArA prarUpita siddhAntoM para amala karake deza meM eka aisA sAtvika vAtAvaraNa nirmita karanA cAhie ki jisase nAgarikoM meM usake prati prAdara-zraddhA utpanna ho tathA saba sukha anubhava kara sakeM / jitanA jitanA hama isa dizA meM socate haiM, hameM isa bAta kI adhika AvazyakatA pratIta hotI hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kI Aja anya kisI yuga kI apekSA adhika AvazyakatA hai| kathanI-karanI kI ekatA : bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kAryakalApa kA hama Akalana kareM to jJAta hogA ki unhoMne thothI mAnyatAoM, vicArahIna rUr3hiyoM kA virodha kiyA tathA sAmAjika, Arthika viSamatA

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140 rAjanItika saMdarbha samApta karane kI dizA meM atyadhika parizrama kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana ghaTanAvahula nahI hai phira bhI jo ghaTanAeM spaSTa haiM una para hama vicAra kareM to jJAta hogA ki apane jIvana ke zaizavakAla meM hI sarpa kI ghaTanA meM unhoMne adamya sAhasa kA paricaya diyA / sAdhanA prArambha karane ke pUrva nirNaya yaha liyA ki jaba taka sAdhanA pUrNa na ho tava taka kisI ko upadeza nahIM diyA jAyagA tathA unhoMne jisa satya kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA usI kA sAdhanA pUrNa hone ke pazcAt upadeza diyA / yadi yaha kahA jAye ki unhoMne jo kiyA, usIkA upadeza diyA to anucita nahIM hogaa| unake vAraNI aura karma me sAnya rahA hai / sabase adhika mahatvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki unhoMne deza meM sAtvika jIvana kA vAtAvaraNa nirmANa kiyA / bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana itanA sarvAgapUrNa hai ki Aja kA netRtva yadi usase zikSA grahaNa kare to isa dharA ko svarga banAyA jA sakatA hai| sAdagI aura saralatA: mere vicAra meM hamAre netRtva ko sarvaprathama sAdagI aura saralatA kA mahatva sthApita karake sAmAjika mUlyoM meM parivartana karanA cAhiye tAki mAnava kA dRSTikoNa arthaprAdhAnya na rahakara mAnavIya ho sake / jisa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pracalita rUr3hiyoM kA DaTa kara virodha kiyA usI prakAra netRtva ko uparyukta paristhiti ke unmUlana ke liye dRr3hapratija honA cAhiye kintu isake liye pravala Atmabala kI AvazyakatA hai| Atmavala kisI bhI mAnava meM tava utpanna hogA javaki usakA vaiyaktika AcaraNa zaMkA se pare tathA kathanI ke anurUpa ho| yaha nahIM ho sakatA ki bhASA meM to sAdagI saralatA kI vakAlata kI jAve tathA AcaraNa madhyayugIna sAmaMtavAda ke anukUla ho / isa prakAra ke kathanI-karanI ke virodha hone para netRtva kI chApa jana-mAnasa para ThIka nahIM par3a sakatI / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yuga to bahuta prAcIna hai / yadi vaha gAMdhI yuga kA Adarza hI sAmane rakhe to deza kA bar3A bhalA ho sakatA hai| gAMdhI nita navIna the| ve kisI vAda se baMdhe nahIM the| unhoMne spaSTa kahA thA ki yadi merI kala kI bAta Aja ke vicAra se galata par3e to use chor3a do / vAda se baMdha jAne para navIna vicAroM ke pragatizIla rukha meM vyavadhAna par3a jAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jisa prakAra mAnava ke hetu aparigraha athavA alpa parigraha ke siddhAnta kA nirUpaNa kiyA, usI prakAra hamAre netRtva ko isa dizA meM pahala karanI cAhiye / Arthika vipamatA kI mamApti ke vinA deza meM ghRNA aura vidvepa kA vAtAvaraNa samApta nahIM ho sktaa| yaha tava ho sakatA hai jaba netRtva svayaM isa prakAra ke vrata kA vratI ho jAye / vaha svayaM atyadhika parigrahI ho athavA vailAsika vastuoM kA upayoga karatA ho aura deza ke nAgarikoM ko saMcaya vRtti ke viruddha AhvAna kareM athavA dainandina vastuoM ke parimita upayoga kI bAta kahe to usakA kucha bhI prabhAva nahIM par3egA / jaba netRtva svayaM isa prakAra kA jIvana jIyegA taba zAsakIya taMtra para bhI anukUla prabhAva par3egA / netRtva ko zAsakIya taMtra meM ImAnadArI tathA pramANikatA lAne kA prayatna karanA cAhiye / vaiyaktika guNoM ke AdhAra para hI manuSya meM mAhama kA saMcAra hotA hai|

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vartamAna netRtva mahAvIra se kyA sIkhe ? 141 prAmANikatA va vAksaMyama : hamAre netRtva ko mitabhApI hone kA prayAsa karanA cAhiye / svataMtratA ke pazcAt 25 varpa ke bhItara hI deza meM nirAzA kA vAtAvaraNa banAne meM hamAre netRtva kA atibhASI honA bhI eka mahatvapUrNa kAraNa hai / hotA yaha hai ki netA ke bhASaNa meM Ama janatA ko jo sabja vAga kA citra (zAndika) batAyA jAtA hai usase janatA meM icchA, AkAMkSA ubharatI hai aura yadi usakI pUrti nahIM hotI to nirAzA kA janma hotA hai / jaisA Upara ullekha kiyA gayA hai, netRtva kA vyaktigata jIvana sAdhanAmaya ho to yaha pRthvI svarga bana sakatI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra se hamArA netRtva kyA zikSA nahIM grahaNa kara sakatA ? yadi vaha cAhe to saba kucha sIkha lekara dharatI para Adarza mAnavIya vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa kara sacce lokarAja kI sthApanA kara sakatA hai|

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25 mahAvIra kI zAnti se mAja ke kAntikArI kyA preraNA leM? * zrI mitrAlAla surar3iyA - - - - - - - - - - - - - krAnti kI cetanA : svAtantrya saMgrAma ke senAniyoM ne AjAdI ke lie jo krAMti kI thI, vaha deza ke lie maMgala-mUtra kA saMketa banI thI, kintu phiraMgiyoM ne usa krAMti ko bagAvata mAnakara gaddArI kI sajA dI / isameM unakA svArtha thA / sacamuca vaha krAMti na bagAvata thI na koI upadrava thA / vaha jo kucha kiyA jA rahA thA, rASTra-hita ke lie ThIka thA / usa krAMti ne dezavAsiyoM kI karor3oM supupta prAtmA proM ko jagAyA thaa| isa krAMti kA mukhya uddezya jana-jana meM cetanA phailAnA thA deza-gaurava, deza-prema, ekatA aura maitrI kA jana-jIvana meM zaMkhanAda pheMka kara soye huye mAnama ko AMdolita karanA thA / krAMti ke aMtarAla meM svataMtratA prApti kA lakSya aura bhavipya ke ujjvala sukha kI AkAMkSAeM thIM, svAbhimAna kI rakSA thI, deza ko prAtmanirbhara banAkara UMcA uThAnA thaa| isake atirikta na koI svArtha thA, na koI lAlatra thaa| saca to yaha hai ki vaha krAMti damana se bar3hI, kapToM, atyAcAroM aura kror3oM kI mAra se phailI aura phAMsI se deza vyApI huii| mahAvIra kI krAMti kA vaiziSTya : kintu ahiMsaka krAMti ke sRSTA mahAvIra kI krAMti na kevala samAja ke liye, na phevala deza ke liye aura na kevala dharma ke liye thI / unakI krAMti thI mAnava mAtra ke liye| eka kA kSetra sImita thA aura dUsarI kA kSetra akhaNDa vizva thaa| ___ mahAvIra kI zAMti pAvaNDa kA bhaNDA phor3a karane, chuvAchUta miTAne, ahaMkAra aura pramAda tor3ane, niSkriyatA haTAne, rAga-dvepa dUra karane, maitrI sthApita karane, sar3e-gale DhAMcoM ko badalane, namAja aura dharma ko nayA nya dene, viharI kar3iyAM jor3ane, bhAI-bhAI ko gale lagAne, vizvAsa bar3hAkara prema phailAne aura jIvana-vikAsa kI sabhI vyavasthAeM prAnandanaya banAkara jana-jIvana meM sukha-zAMti, nyAya aura sneha phailAne ke liye thii| isa krAMti meM na droha thA na hinA thI, na koya thA na darpa thA, na kisI ke prati I thI, na kisI kA ahita thA, na kitI kA svArtha thA, na kisI pArTI vizepa yA dharma vizepa ko nIcA dikhAnA thaa| jo thA vaha vAstavika satya ke samIpa thaa|

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mahAvIra kI krAnti se grAja ke krAntikArI kyA preraNA leM ? eka krAMti meM deza-prema aura deza- gaurava laharA rahA thA aura dUsarI krAMti meM kSamA,, vairya kartavya, sevA, dayA, karuNA, prema, paropakAra aura samanvaya ke bhAvAtmaka samabhAva taraMgati ho rahe the / vaha bhI eka krAMti thI aura yaha bhI eka krAMti thI / lakSya prApti ke bAda eka meM avasAna thA aura dUsarI meM jana-jIvana kA zAzvata kalyANa thA / mahAvIra kI krA~ti sImAtIta thI / yaha aneka bhU-khaNDoM meM vyApta hokara vyApaka bana gaI thI / vaha eka vicAra taraMga se uThI, vairAgya se phailI, tyAga aura kaSToM se AMdolita huI aura usakI lahareM deza-dezAMtaroM ko chUtI huI brahmANDa meM vyApta ho gaI / 143 mahAvIra kI vyathA se Ardra aura prema se pUrNa AhnAna, krAMtikArI lalakAreM tathA maMgala bhAva taraMgeM deza ke kone-kone meM samA gaI, RNu praNu meM mila gaI / unakI sukhapUrNa vAraNI karaNa-karaNa meM lIna ho gaI | kyA per3a-paudhe, kyA pazu-pakSI, kyA vanakhaNDa, kyA nirjana ghATiyAM, kyA zaila - zikhara kyA nadiyAM, aura jharanoM ke svaroM meM milakara lakSa-lakSa kaNThoM se vaha gUMja uThI ki 'satya kI jaya ho' 'grahisA kI jaya ho' 'sabhI mukhI hoM / mAnasa parivartana kI prakriyA : eka meM prApti thI aura dUsarI meM mAnasa parivartana kI sudhArAtmaka jAgRti thI / ghRNA kI jagaha prema thA, hiMsA kI jagaha ahiMsA thI / usameM eka bhAva thA, eka vicAra thA, eka dRSTi thI, eka rAga aura eka hI svara thA / yaha kitane grAzcarya kI bAta hai ki eka ke lie samUcA deza lar3a rahA thA aura dUsarI ke lie kevala eka hI vyakti bhUjha rahA thA / eka hI vyakti balidAna para balidAna de rahA thA ? jIvana ke sampUrNa sukhoM kA tyAga kara rahA thA / eka hI sAhasI mahArathI apanI yogyatA kA parIkSaNa kara rahA thA / vaha parIkSaNa avirala calatA rahA, tUphAnoM meM, A~dhiyoM meM bavaMDaroM meM bhI usakI gati manda nahIM huI / kitanI prabala preraNA kA pradIpa lekara vaha krAnti vIra Age bar3hA hogA dRr3ha nizcaya aura nirbhIkatA ke sAtha, prema, maitrI, sadbhAva aura sad vicAroM kA dIpa jalA kara kina saMkaToM meM grAloka phailAyA hogA ? una pratApI puruSa ko apamAna bhI burA na lagA, anAdara se bhI unheM ghRNA nahIM huI, pattharoM kI varSA se bhI ve bhayabhIta nahIM hue / miTTI ke DheloM, pAgala kuttoM aura dhUla kI bauchAroM se ve nahIM ghabarAye / duHkha meM bhI unheM sukha kA grAbhAsa ho rahA thA / unakA lakSya thA aMdhakAra se mAnava ko prAloka meM lAnA, Asakti chur3AnA, lobha-moha se haTAnA aura jIvana meM sacce sukha aura Ananda kA anubhava karAnA tAki mAnava ko koI kAmanA na satAve ? koI lobha patana meM na DAle, koI svArtha patha bhraSTa na kare aura koI moha na girAve | jo sarvasva tyAga rahA ho use lobha-lAlaca kaise girA sakate haiM ? zIta, varSA aura cUpa kaise duHkha pahuMcA sakate haiM ? duHkha unake pAsa sukha ho jAtA, pIr3A unake pAsa zrAnanda kI pratIka bana jAtI aura ve nirantara Upara uThate jAte /

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184 gajanInika saMTana yaha prAnti vIra gAnti ke niye lar3A, mainI aura prema ke lie latA, hama gArDa meM kisI kA ahita nahIM huaa| usa vIra ne lakSya prApti ke bAda minI mAnAjyako bhU-Thita karane kI kAmanA nahIM kI, kisI natrATa ko nInA digAne kI nahIM monI, bar3appana kI dhAka jamA kara pUrNatva kA vahIM vijJApana nahIM kiyaa| unake dila meM antarnAda thA / ve uge dUra karane ke lie akele naMge pAvoM ge binA kinI avalambana ke nikala par3e aura bIhada paMthoM, nirjana sthaloM, sUTa mandiroM, maNDaharoM, magAnoM aura petroM ke nIce alakha jagAte rahe / mAdhanA kI pUrNa upalabdhi para unake jIvana kI sarvAgIgA saphalatA, zAnti, mukha pIra zrAnanda meM badala gaI / yahI zAnti, munIra mAnanda, pUrNatva hai, zivatva hai, brahmatva hai| / unake mAnasa meM kSamA aura vairAgya kA sAgara laharA rahA thA, usameM prema aura mAhacarya kI umiyAM uTha rahI thIM / jIvana-dagiyoM ko usameM bahumulya hore dola rahe the| aisI sthiti meM unake pAsa Tole ke Tole pAte / koI unase kSamA, koI yaM, phoH gahanazIlatA, koI karuNA, koI dayA lekara apane ko gauravamaya banAtA / unake jIvana darzana se samrAToM ne apanA jIvana badalA aura ve unake sAtha sAdhanA patha para cala pdd'e| . krAnti : aAtma saMkrAnti : mahAvIra ke pAsa jo kucha thA, vaha apanA maulika ajita dhana thA / vaha dhana svayaM kI buddhi, anubhava aura varSoM kI sAdhanA kA navanIta thaa| unake antara kI preraNA hI sarvasva thI / ve usI preraNA kA sambala pAkara lAkhoM kA jIvana badalate hue pratijJA dilA kara vizvAsa bar3hA rahe the| unake mAnama meM eka pradIpa jala rahA thaa| vaha jala-janna kara dharitrI para adRzya rUpa se sukha aura Ananda kA Aloka vikIrga kara rahA thaa| ve java bhUtala para dRSTi DAlate to vartamAna ke sAtha bhavipya bhI unheM dRSTigata ho jAtA thA / pUrNatA prApta kara lene ke bAda to saMsAra ke bhAvI cakra pAradarNI glAna kI taraha unheM sApha dikhAI de rahe the kyoMki ve nirmohI hokara rAgoM ke sampUrNa baMdhana tor3ate hue vItarAgI ho gaye the| moha kI ver3iyAM aura lobha aura svArtha ke tAroM ko tor3akara uttamottama vana gaye the| yaha unakI anubhava dRSTi kA hI kamAla thA / sAdhanA kI hI dena thii| kSamA aura tyAga kI hI vijaya thii| mahAvIra kI krAnti meM jana jIvana kA kahIM bhI utpIr3ana nahIM thaa| sarvathA sukha aura zAnti thii| unake upadezoM meM vairAgya, sAdhanA meM gAnti, lalakAra meM viveka, dRSTi meM saMtoSa aura halana-calana meM cetanA pUrNa vizvAsa thA / isIlie hAr3a-mAMsa kA eka vyaktitva anekoM vyaktiyoM ko asAdhAraNa rUpa se prabhAvita kara rahA thA, jana jIvana ko jhakajhora rahA thA, hiMsA, asatya aura unmAda ke parde tor3a rahA thA, kAma-krodha-mada-lobha miTA kara durguNoM ke khilApha saMgharSa jArI thA / ra unake pratApI vyaktitva meM devatva kI jhAMkI jhalaka rahI thii| tyAga aura vairAgya kI surasari satata pravAhita ho rahI thI, usI meM sabhI snAna kara rahe the| koI Duvako lagA kara

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mahAvIra kI krAnti se Aja ke krAntikArI kyA preraNA leM? 145 usameM se ciMtana lAtA, koI satya kI bhAvanAmayI kriyAzIla zakti lAtA, koI kalA aura sauMdarya kI anubhUti pAtA, koI Ananda aura sukha kA pATha par3hatA, koI kSamA aura viveka letA aura koI kalA ke aneka rUpa sajotA huA zAnti pAtA / satya, ahiMsA, anekAnta aura aparigraha-ye unake sAdhanA aura dhyAnamaya jIvana ke pratIkAtmaka Ananda banakara anuraMjana ho gaye, rasa meM milakara samarasa ho gaye / ye sAre bhAva, ye sArI maitrI, ye sArI dRSTiyAM, ye sAre dayA aura karuNA ke prArUpa, ye sAre manorama AkarSaNa, ye sAre divya rUpa aura ye sArI zAlInatAeM jo ina carama cakSoM se dikhAI de rahI haiM ve unake bhAvanAmaya jIvana ke arAgAtmaka saMdeza haiN| krAnti kI jIvantatA: hajAroM varSa bAda bhI hama isa vIra kI zAMtipUrNa krAMti ko nahIM bhUle haiM / jisane raMga rUpa ke, jAti-pAMti ke, bheda-bhAva ke, darpa-pradarzana ke khilApha apanI AvAja bulanda kara samAja kI jIrNa-zIrNa vyavasthA ko nUtana rUpa pradAna kiyA, dharma kI vikharI kar3iyAM jor3I aura prema aura sadbhAva kI taraMgeM phailAI, maMgala-sUtroM kA prasAraNa kiyA aura Asa-pAsa ke vAyu maNDala ko tyAga, tapa aura vairAgyamaya banA diyaa| mahAvIra jAnate the ki mAnava kA patana lobha aura svArtha se hotA hai| parivAra ke ye sAre rAgAtmaka sambandha, dhana kA moha, aizvarya kI Asakti aura parigraha hI vyakti ko girAne meM sahAyaka hotA hai isalie ve tyAga aura vairAgya kA hI upadeza dete rhe| vIra ke maitrI pUrNa vicAroM se samrAToM kA jIvana badala gayA, mahIpAloM ke mastaka jhuka gae / sarvatra prema aura ekatA kI gaMgA bahane lgii| mahAvIra jahAM jAte, eka bahuta var3A samudAya unake sAtha cala pdd'taa| jisa ora eka pAMva uThatA saiMkar3oM pAMva usa ora cala par3ate, jidhara eka dRSTi par3atI, saiMkar3oM dRSTiyAM nata ho jAtI aura koTi-koTi kaNThoM se jaya ghopa ho jaataa| Aja ke krAntikArI preraNA leM: krAMtikArI mahAvIra se Aja ke krAMtikArI bahuta kucha preraNA lekara apane jIvana ko dhanya banA sakate haiM / deza kAla kI paristhitiyoM ko dekhate hue Aja ke krAMtikArI mahAvIra kI krAMti se apane jIvana kI avyavasthita gatividhiyoM ko nUtana rUpa de sakate haiN| saccAI ke lie sAhasa aura dRr3hatA kA pATha par3ha sakate haiM, krAMti meM zAMti rakhakara viveka ko jagA sakate haiN| Aja ke krAMtikArI mahAvIra ke jIvana se sIkheM ki kartavya patha para DaTe rahane aura apanA saMkalpa pUrNa karane ke lie kabhI himmata nahIM hAreM / cAhe tUphAna gira rahA ho, cAhe bAdala garaja rahe hoM, cAhe vipattiyoM ke pahAr3a TUTa rahe hoM, cAhe jIvana-nayA bhIpaNa khatare meM gira rahI ho, aise samaya meM bhI krAntikArI vairya aura viveka ke sAtha zAntipUrNa tarIke se apanA kartavya pUrNa kreN|

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146 rAjanItika saMdarbha Aja ke krAntikArI mahAvIra se sIkheM ki una para zAsaka dala dvArA kitanA hI damana cakra calAyA jA rahA ho, kitanI hI zArIrika yAtanAyeM dI jA rahI ho, phira bhI bhAvAveza meM Akara ve deza kA ahita na kareM, deza kI sampatti ko hAni na pahu~cAveM, tor3a-phor3a na kareM, vasoM aura paiTrola TenkoM meM prAga na lagAveM, reloM kI paTariyoM ke bolTa nahIM nikAleM, hiMsA para utArU hokara jana-jIvana ko khatare meM na DAleM, kyoMki azAnti se, har3atAla se, upadrava se jo kucha hAni hotI hai vaha samUce rASTra kI hotI hai| janatA ke khUna pasIne kI kamAI svAhA ho jAtI hai / aisI hAni se sArA rASTra prabhAvita hotA hai| Aja ke krAntikArI mahAvIra se sIkheM ki unakI krAnti nijI svArtha ke lie nahIM ho / janatA kI bhalAI ke lie ho / deza prema kI vRddhi aura ekatA bar3hAne ke lie ho / krAnti ke nAma para guNDAgardI karanA, mAM-bahinoM ko satA kara unakA satItva haraNa karanA, yaha RpiyoM aura tIrthaMkaroM ke deza ke lie zobhAspada nahIM hai| krAntikArI apane lakSya kI ora hI bar3e tAki samAja aura deza kA bhalA ho ske| krAnti ke nAma para har3atAleM karanA, utpAdana rokanA, adhika lAbha kI dRSTi se jIvanopayogI vastueM chipAnA droha hai / Aja ke krAntikArI mahAvIra se sIkheM ki vana, sampatti sattA aura adhikAra ko hI mahatva dekara eka mAnava, dUsare mAnava ko na satAve, eka mAnava, dUsare mAnava ko na DarAve, eka mAnava dUsare mAnava kA zopaNa na kare, eka mAnava dUsare mAnava kA sunna na lUTe, usake baccoM kI roTI na chIne, eka mAnava, dUsare mAnava se bhaya na khAe, bhaya nAma kI koI vastu nahIM rahe / sandeha aura ghRNA ke sabhI tAra do TUka ho jAyeM aura eka mAnava kA, dUsare mAnava para prAzA aura vizvAsa bar3ha jAya aura sabhI sukha se apanA jIvana vyatIta kreN| mahAvIra ne kahA hama kisI ke bhaya ke kAraNa na baneM aura koI hamAre lie bhaya na vane / hama sabhI ke mitra haiM, hamAre bhI sabhI mitra haiM, hama kisI ko vivaza na kareM aura hamAre se bhI koI vivaza na ho / mahAvIra ne kabhI yaha nahIM kahA ki anubhava aura jJAna ke AdhAra para maiM jo kucha kaha rahA hUM vaha satya hai aura tuma jo kahate ho vaha asatya hai| mahAvIra ne kahA koI var3A nahIM, koI choTA nahIM, sabhI vikAsazIla haiN| sabhI apane prayatna se pragati kara sakate haiN| vaha krAnti puruSa ava nahIM haiM kintu unake amara sandeza vizva meM gUMja rahe haiM, hamArI hRdayatantriyoM ko jhakajhora rahe haiN| hamArA kartavya hai ki unake Alokita patha kA anusaraNa kara hama apane jIvana ko saphala bnaaveN|

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paJcama khaNDa dArzanika saMdarbha

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bhItara kI bIja-zakti ko vikasita kareM! * prAcArya zrI hastImalajI ma0 sA0 R winnnnn cetana tattva Upara uThe : 'maiM hU~ kI anubhUti cetanA kA lakSaNa hai| duHkha isa bAta kA hai ki Aja cetana tattva para jar3a tattva hAvI hotA jA rahA hai| mAnava jar3a padArthoM ke vikasita yantroM kA dAsa banatA jA rahA hai / hamArA yaha prayatna honA cAhie ki hama jar3a tattvoM ke parAdhIna na hoM, unase parAjita na hoN| unheM svAdhIna banAkara rkheN| isake lie dharma-sAdhanA aura svAdhyAya-satsaMga kI bar3I AvazyakatA hai| isI se hameM yAtmacetanA ko pahacAnakara, use vikasita karane kI zakti aura preraNA milatI hai / sevA kA artha : zAstroM meM prasaMga AtA hai ki rAjakumAra suvAha aura adInazatru mahArAja sAmAnya prajAjanoM kI hI bhAMti zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sevA karate haiM / unakI sevA kA artha hai-tIrthakara bhagavAna ke darzana karanA, unakI maMgalavANI kA zravaNa karanA, unake vItarAga svarUpa kA darzana karanA aura mana, vacana, karma se unakI vaMdanA karanA / ina sabake mUla meM haiM jIvana kA dharma mArga / usakA prathama caraNa hai-santoM kI sevA aura sadazAstroM kA zravaNa, adhyayana, manana tathA jJAnopArjana / yahI jIvana kA bIja maMtra hai| bIja kI zakti : Apa saba jAnate haiM ki choTe se choTA bIja bhI bar3e se bar3e vRkSa ko janma detA hai / choTA bIja nirmANa ke vizAla kArya kA kAraNa banatA hai / vaTa kA hI udAharaNa lIjiye / usakA vIja choTA sA hotA hai kintu usakA vistAra bar3A aura varSoM taka jIvita rahane vAlA vRkSa / vIja se sahasroM guNA usakA vistAra dikhAI detA hai / ataH yaha vicAraNIya haiM ki nirmANa kA, vistAra kA kAraNa kyA hai ? kauna hai ? Apa svayaM kaheMge ki usakA mUla hai bIja / yadi bIja na ho to mUla vRkSa kisase paidA hogA? usake patte, zAkhAeM, prazAkhAeM, phala, phUla,jar3a kahAM se utpanna hoMge? ye saba bIja kI hI sRSTi hai / acchA vIja, anukUla paristhitiyAM, sad vAtAvaraNa aura saMyoga se hI samaya pAkara vaha vistAra pAtA hai / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki bIja eka mahAn zakti hai /

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dArzanika sadarbha hamAre bhItara kA bIja : hamAre bhItara, hamArI AtmA meM bhI cetanA kA eka bIja hai aura saMta-sevA, sadazAstra-zravaNa, manana, adhyayana usako anuphUlatA dene vAlA zubha vAtAvaraNa hai / vaTa vRkSa ke vIja meM vistAra zakti hai, usase hajAroM lAkhoM patte, zAkhAeM-praNAkhAeM phUTatI haiM, phalaphUla lagate haiM aura samaya pAkara lAkhoM-araboM bIja utpanna hote haiN| kyA hamAre bhItara kA cetanA kA vIja usa spaSTa dikhAI dene vAle vaTa vRkSa ke bIja se kama sazakta hai ? bIja kA anAdara na kareM : kyA Apane kisI kisAna ko vIja kA anAdara karate dekhA hai ? vaha choTe se choTe acche vIja ko saMbhAlakara rakhatA hai, kyoMki vaha usa vIja kI zakti ko jAnatA hai, usake mola ko samajhatA hai / use jJAta hai ki sarasoM ke eka bIja se kucha kAla vAda usakA kheta pIle-pIle phUloM se lahalahA uThegA / eka bIja se ananta kI nRSTi kA rahasya use vidita hai| Apa gAMvoM meM usa kisAna ko dekheM jisake pAsa sau-patrAsa Ama ke per3a haiN| vaha apane Apako kisI bar3e jamIMdAra jAgIradAra se kama nahIM samajhatA / ATha nau mahIne taka usako kucha nahIM milatA para vaha apane per3oM kI sAra-saMbhAla meM lagA rahatA hai kyoMki vaha jAnatA hai ki Rtu Ate hI usakA eka-eka per3a hajAroM grAma degaa| isI jAna ke kAraNa, usI AzA ke kAraNa vaha una per3oM kI dekhabhAla karatA hai / ye Ama ke per3a aura unase prApta hone vAle saikar3oM-hajAroM phala eka nanheM se vIja kI vistAra-zakti ke pratIka hI to haiN| sUkSma prAtmA : ananta guraNa : hamAre zarIra meM rahane vAlI prAtmA kitanI nanhI hai ? AtmA bar3I hai ki deha ? deha var3I hai ki AtmA ? niHsandeha deha moTI hai aura AtmA choTI atyanta sUkSma / itanI sUkSma ki vaha AMkha kI kAlI TIkI ne ananta-ananta guNA choTI, kintu usake guNa ananta haiM / yaha koI atizayokti nahIM hai| jJAna-vRkSa ujAgara ho : AtmA arUpa hai / vaha bIja se ananta guNA choTI hai kintu usakI zakti, usakA sAmarthya apAra hai / vaTa-vRkSa kA vIja aura vaTa-vRkSa donoM kI tulanA meM vaha sahastraguNA adhika hai / vizva meM aneka sthAnoM para bahuta purAne vaTa vRkSa haiM unake nIce aneka loga vizrAma kara sakate haiM, aneka prANiyoM ko vaha chAyA de sakatA hai| kintu prAtmA aura usa vIja kI koI tulanA nahIM kI jA sakatI / AtmA kI cetanAvasthA use anekAneka guNA vistAra, zakti aura sAmarthya pradAna karatI hai / hamArI prAtmA aura hamAre aAtmaciMtana, Atma-jAgaraNa ke samakSa usa vaTa vIja aura vRkSa kA vistAra nagaNya hai| hamArI deha meM jo AtmA hai jo atyanta mUkSma jIvanI zakti hai usameM baTa-vRkSa kI hI bhAMti zakti aura cetanA kA bIja hai / AvazyakatA Aja isa bAta kI hai ki usa bIja ke liye upayukta-yogya

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bhItara kI vIja-zakti ko vikasita kareM 151 vAtAvaraNa vane / vaha bIja aMkurita ho, prasphuTita ho aura usakA eka vizAla vRkSajJAna-vRkSa ujAgara ho / ___ aAtmA sarvavyApI hai| choTe, bar3e, purupa, nArI, javAna aura bUr3he savameM AtmA hai kintu usameM jo cetanA kA bIja hai; usako aMkuraNa kA, prasphuTana kA vAtAvaraNa nahIM milatA aura vaha aneka-aneka kAraNoM se davA raha jAtA hai, usa boja kI taraha jisa para eka ke bAda eka parata car3hatI jAtI hai vAlU ke ur3ate TIloM kI taraha / ve parateM bar3hate-bar3hate itanI bar3ha jAtI haiM ki kisI purAne khaNDahara kA sA AbhAsa hone lagatA hai jisakA malavA usa bIja para gira gayA ho| karma ke malave ko haTAyeM : phira bhI Apa saba yaha jAnate haiM ki kisI makAna ke malave ke Dhera meM bhI bIja ko varSA kA pAnI, anukUla vAyu mila jAye to vaha aMkurita ho sakatA hai, uga sakatA hai| usakA mUla kAraNa hai usakI jIvanI-zakti, usakI aMkuraNa kI kSamatA / usameM yogyatA hai uThane kI / para AvazyakatA hai usa bIja para se malabA uThAne kI, patthara, kUr3A, karakaTa haTAne kii| hamako vicAra karanA hogA ki hamArI cetanA-zakti aura hamAre ciMtana ke bIja kA prasphuTana kaise ho ? una para par3e bhAra se vaha kaise mukta ho ? yahAM eka udAharaNa denA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogA / kheta ke pAsa hI eka makAna hai| vaha makAna Dhaha jAtA hai aura usakA malabA kheta ke usa sthAna para giratA hai jahAM acchA sudharA vIja boyA huA hai| aisI sthiti meM gRhapati kyA karegA ? nissandeha, vaha sabase pahalA kAma usa malave ko sApha karane kA smjhegaa| ThIka vaise hI, hama sabako Atmazakti ko prajjvalita karane ke lie usa para par3A malavA sApha karanA hogaa| prazna uThatA hai ? ki malavA kyA hai, kaunasA hai ? vaha malabA hai karma kaa| svayaM prayatna kareM: usako kauna haTAyegA? koI majadUra, koI hamAla Akara haTAyegA kyA ? nahIM / usako haTAne ke liye hameM svayaM prayatna karanA hogA / hAM, usa punIta kArya meM hama apane mitroM kA sahayoga le sakate haiM, ThIka vaisA hI sahayoga jaisA DijAinaroM se, injiniyaroM se makAna yA kutrA banAte samaya liyA jAtA hai / __ yadi gRhanirmAtA svayaM kuzala haiM to vaha sabakA mArga-darzana karegA, anyathA vaha kimI vizeSajJa se parAmarza karegA aura nirNaya legaa| ThIka vaise hI hamako apanI Atmazakti para par3e karma rUpo malave ko haTAne kA svayaM prayatna karanA hogA / sahAre ke rUpa meM parAmarza ke rUpa meM, sahayoga ke rUpa meM, mArgadarzana ke rUpa meM hameM sadguru aura zAstroM se sahAyatA milegI, nissandeha milegii|

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152 dArzanika saMdarbha sadguru aura zAstra hameM karmarUpI malabe ko dUra karane kA mArga batA sakate haiM kintu dUra karane kA kArya to hameM svayaM hI karanA hogA / hameM svayaM niSThApUrvaka usa kArya meM laganA hogA, prayatnazIla honA hogA tabhI hamArI AtmA meM baiThA cetanA kA ananta zaktizAlI bIja aMkurita hogA, anyathA nhiiN| jaba taka usa para se ajJAna kA AvaraNa naSTa nahIM hogA, karma-bhAra nahIM haTegA taba taka vaha bIja na aMkurita ho sakatA hai aura na vikasita / haTAne kI prakriyA : suvAhu rAjakumAra bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM niSThApUrvaka isI bhAvanA se pahuMcate haiM / AvaraNa ko haTAne kI dRSTi se / usa AvaraNa ko haTAne kI dRSTi se jisase unako jJAna lAbha nahIM milatA / usa AvaraNa ko haTAne kI prakriyA batAte hue 'sthAnAMga sUtra' meM kahA gayA hai : dohiThANehI AyA no kevalipaNNataM dhamma lamejja savaNyAe / prArambhe ceva pariggahe ceva / prANI do kAraNoM se kevalI ke pravacana dharma ko bhI suna nahIM sktaa| gautama gaNadhara ne jijJAsA se prazna kiyA he bhagavan ! ve do vAdhaka kAraNa kauna se haiM ? bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jijJAsA zAnta karane hetu kahA-prArambha aura parigraha meM ulajhA huA jIva, DuvA huyA prANI jaba taka ina ulajhanoM kI ber3I ko kATakara nahIM nikalatA tava taka vaha kevalI praNIta dharma ko nahIM suna sakatA / yaha bar3A bhArI vandhana hai / parigraha aura Arambha kA gaThajor3a javaradasta hai / parigraha prArambha ko chor3akara nahIM jaataa| usakA janma hI prArambha se hai aura vaha prArambha kA hI samarthana karatA hai| Arambha se hI parigraha kI vRddhi hotI hai| parigraha bhI apane mitra prArambha kA bahuta dhyAna rakhatA hai| parigraha jitanA dhyAna prArambha kI abhivRddhi kA rakhatA hai utanA 'saMvara aura nirjarA' ko bar3hAne kA nhiiN| AraMbha-parigraha kA gaThajor3a : gaharAI se vicAra karane, gaMbhIratA se manana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki prAraMbha aura parigraha meM manuSya kA AkarSaNa hotA hai / choTA sA AraMbha cAhe vaha khAne se saMbaMdhita ho, cAhe vaha nirmANa sambandhI yA koI anya, manuSya svabhAva se usakI ora jhukatA hai, zIghratA se AkarSita hotA hai / kisI ke ghara meM vAlaka kA janma huyA / dAdA dhana ke mAmale meM bar3e kaThora hai, soca samajhakara vyaya karate haiM / para vicAra uThatA hai ki pautra ke janma para hajAra-pAMca sau rupayA utsava para, bhoja para, vyaya karanA caahiye| hajAra-pAMca sau kI yojanA banatI hai kintu kharca pahu~catA hai do hajAra ke Asa-pAsa / taba bhI yahI vicAra AtA hai ki kucha bhI ho, gAMva meM, zahara meM, samAja meM nAma to hogaa|

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bhItara kI bIja-zakti ko vikasita kareM 153 , eka aura udAharaNa hamAre sAmane hai| kisI ghara meM eka aura kamarA banAnA hai / lagabhaga do hajAra ke vyaya kA anumAna hai| kArIgara-mistrI kahatA hai-acchA kamarA banAne meM pAMca hajAra vyaya hoNge| do hajAra kA pahalA anumAna aura vyaya hoMge pAMca hajAra yA usase adhika phira bhI mana meM koI kaSTa nahIM hotA, prazna nahIM utthtaa| ___ dUsarI ora yadi kisI dhArmika kArya ke nimitta 'saMvara aura nirjarA' ke kArya meM do hajAra kA vyaya hone kA anumAna thA aura pAMca hajAra vyaya ho jAyeM to ? to muha banAkara kaheMge-hamane to do hajAra kA kahA thA, isase adhika nahIM de sakeMge, hAtha ruka jAtA hai| isakA artha kyA huA? isakA spaSTa artha yaha hai ki prArambha aura parigraha donoM meM bhArI gaThajor3a hai / ye donoM aise bhArI roga haiM jo hamAre ciMtana aura hamArI cetanAzakti ko vikasita hone nahIM dete / itanA hI nahIM ve ciMtana aura cetanAzakti ko ubharane hI nahIM dete| kevalI bhagavAna ke pravacana dharma-zravaNa kA adhikAra prApta karane vAlA prANI yaha socatA hai ki yadi vaha prArambha aura parigraha se vimukha hokara Age bar3hegA tabhI use satsaMga kA lAbha ho sakegA / usa lAbha se vaMcita rahane ke ukta do hI kAraNa ho sakate haiN| ___ parigraha kA artha kevala paisA bar3hAnA yA use tijorI meM bharanA hI nahIM hai apitu parivAra, vyavasAya, vyApAra meM ulajhA rahanA bhI parigraha hI hai / bAhya parigraha ke nau aura abhyantara ke caudaha bheda batAye gaye haiM / dhana, dhAnya, kSetra, bhUmi, sampatti, sonA, cAMdI grAbhUpaNa, javAharAta, gharelU sAmAna Adi sabhI vAhya parigraha ke bheda haiM / parivAra-kuTumba, dAsa-dAsI Adi bhI isI meM Ate haiM / mana meM rahane vAle lobha, moha-mAyA Adi bhAva AMtarika parigraha haiM / ye vAhya parigraha ke mUlAdhAra haiN| inameM ulajhA huA prANI satsaMga kA lAbha nahIM le sakatA / ataH inase Upara uThane kA barAbara prayatna rahanA caahie|

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27 mahAvIra ko dRSTi meM mAnava-vyaktitva ke vikAsa kI saMbhAvanAeM * DaoN0 chavinAtha tripAThI vyakti kA bhAva hI vyaktitva : vyaktitva aMgrejI ke Personality kA sthAnApanna zabda mAnA jAtA hai / vyakti kA bhAva hI vyaktitva hai / yaha svAbhAvika hI hai ki mAnava vizeSaraNa jor3a dene para eka ora yaha tiryaka yoni se apanI pRthakatA sUcita karatA hai aura dUsarI ora isakA kSetra vyaktimAnava se lekara mAnava jAti taka vistRta ho jAtA hai / bhAva vAcaka saMjJA hone se yaha bhI sUcita hotA hai ki vyaktitva kA sambandha kevala sthUla zarIra mAtra se yA AkAra prakAra se nahIM hai / eka vyakti kitanA hI sundara, sugaThita aura zAkarSaka zarIra vAlA kyoM na ho, jaba usake AcaraNa grora bauddhika kSamatA kI truTiyoM kA jJAna hotA hai to usake vyaktitva ke sambandha meM sarva sAmAnya kI dhAraNA badala jAtI hai, usakA vyaktitva hIna pratIta hone lagatA hai / yaha spaSTa sUcanA hai ki mAnava-vyaktitva ke tattva prAntarika aura sUkSma haiM tathA usakA sambandha kore zarIra se nahIM hai / mAnavIya grAcaraNa aura mAnavatA ke viziSTa guNatattva hI mAnava-vyaktitva ke paricAyaka haiM / zrAcaraNa kA samyaktva aura mAnavIya guNoM kA uttarottara nikhAra hI mAnava-vyaktitva kA vikAsa hai / pariSkAra kI prakriyA : mAnava-zarIra ko karor3oM varSoM ke vikAsa kA pariNAma mAnane vAlI prAdhunika vaijJAnika dRSTi bhI yaha svIkAra karatI hai ki mAnavIya AcaraNa aura mAnavatA ke guraMgoM kA uttarottara pariSkAra huA hai, aura pariSkaraNa kI isa prakriyA ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI prAja kA mAnava, guphA-yuga ke mAnava se bahuta kucha bhinna hai / pariSkaraNa kI saMbhAvanAoM kA anveSaraNa, pariSkaraNa kI prakriyA meM hI kiyA jA sakatA hai / 1 AhAra, nidrA, bhaya aura maithuna se pare kucha tattva hI mAnava ko pazu-pakSI Adi se pRthak karate hai / ye mAnava zarIra ke dharma hai ataH mAnavatA aura usake vyaktitva kA pariSkaraNa kevala zarIra-pariSkaraNa mAtra nahIM hai / mAnasika malinatA, zArIrika zucitA ko mUlyahIna vanA detI hai, ataH pariSkaraNa kI prakriyA zarIra aura AtmA kI ora unmukha hone para hI vAstavika vikAsa saMbhava hai / sthUla zarIra ke pariSkAra ke lie sthUla upakaraNa cAhie, para mana, buddhi aura grAtmA jaise sUkSma tattvoM kA pariSkAra pare mana, buddhi

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mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM mAnava-vyaktitva ke vikAsa kI saMbhAvanAeM sthUla upakaraNoM se to saMbhava hai hI nahIM / zraputroM kA bhedana to gragutroM se hI saMbhava hai / kisI paramANu ke bhedana se jaba usake sthUla tattva proTana meM aura adhika sUkSmatA AtI hai tabhI usa vaidya tika zakti kA zrAvirbhAva hotA hai, jo apanI zakti aura vyApakatA meM mahAn hai / grAtmA ke jyotirmaya rUpa kA darzana usI samaya hotA hai, jaba usakI sUkSmatA taka pahuMcane ke lie nirjarA kI anavarata prakriyA jArI rakhI jAya / karma hI sthUlatA hai, isakA kSaya hI aNu-bhedana kA pariNAma hai, saMvara to satarkatA hai / grAtmonmukha hote hI sthUla zarIra se dRSTi hTa kara vyaktitva vikAsa ke kSetra sUkSma zarIra aura sUkSmatama AtmA taka jA pahu~catA hai / grAtmA prakAza punja hai / vahI ananta jJAna, darzana, sukha-zAnti aura zakti kA bhaNDAra hai / vaha sUkSmatama hai aura sUkSma mAdhyamoM se hI grAtmopalabdhi saMbhava hai / mAnavavyaktitva kA vahI kendra hai / isa kendra meM nihita zaktiyoM kA anAvaraNa kara use loka vyApI banA denA hI mAnava vyaktitva kI kSetra vistRti hai / deza, kAla yA kisI bhI saMkucita mImA meM use Avaddha to kiyA jA sakatA hai jaise vaidya tika zakti ko kisI balba meM, para usakA vyApaka pravAha brahmANDa vyApI hai, usake jyotirmaya svarUpa ko kisI bhI sImA meM Avaddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / Adhunika saMdarbha meM bhI grAtma vistRti hI vyaktitva vikAsa kI sahI dizA hai / samyak jJAna, darzana zrIra cAritra to sAdhaka tattva haiM, ye sAdhya nahIM haiM / mAnava kI rahasyamayatA : mAnatra rahasyamaya hai, mAnavatA usase bhI rahasyapUrNa hai aura usakA samagra vyaktitva to eka aura jaTila rahasya hai, jisameM sthUla aura sUkSma tathA vAhya aura grantara ke aneka sUtra eka dUsare se saMzliSTa haiM / 'grAtmAna viddhi' ke mArga para calate hue mahApuruSoM kI sAdhanA ne rahasya ke kucha mUtra pakar3a kara vividha gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne meM yogadAna kiyA hai / zrAtmA kI virATatA : 155 yaha grAtmA hI vaha puruSa hai jo bhUmi yA puroM kI sImA ko pratikrAnta kara brahmANDa vyApI banatA hai / ' grAdhunika saMdarbha meM vaha kisI kSetra yA deza kI sImA se grAvaddha cintana na kara samagra mAnavatA ke viSaya meM vicArane ke kAraNa virATa vana jAtA hai aura usakI yahI virATatA usake lokonmukha vyaktitva kI virATatA hai / yaha virATatA sthUla zarIra kI nahIM sUkSma grAtmA kI hI hai / svayaM mahAvIra ne zreNika se yaha kahA thA ki bhoga aura indriyoM kI vAsanAtroM meM sukha nahIM hai, yaha to indriyoM kI dAsatA hai, dAsatA meM zrAnanda kahAM ? grAtma-svAtantrya ko hI unhoMne sukha kA mUla mAnA hai / sthUla zarIra ko unhoMne mahattva pradAna nahIM kiyA / grAtma svAtantrya aura grAtma caitanya kI upalabdhi ke lie hI unhoMne bAraha varSa kI kaThora tapasyA kI / svayaM unakA jIvana zrAtma - caitanya ke vistAra praura mAnava-vyaktitva ke vikAsa kI anupama kahAnI hai / bAraha varSa taka adhyayana, cintana zrIra manana ke phalasvarUpa unhoMne jo kucha prApta kiyA use apane jIvana meM utAra kara apane grAcaraNa se use pratyakSa kiyaa| virati to sthUla se sUkSma kI ora uThAyA gayA caraNa1 Rk - 10/10

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156 dArzanika saMdarbha vikSepa hai, yahI vIroM kA mArga hai / " mAnava vijJAna isa bAta ko prakaTa karatA hai ki sAmAnya gati apariSkRta aura kama jaTila avasthAoM se adhika pariSkRta aura vikasita svarUpoM kI ora pragati ke rUpa meM hI rahI hai / 2 virati pariSkaraNa kA mArga hai, vaise mAnava svatantra hai ki vaha carama pariSkRta avasthA, mokSa, siddhi yA kevalI kI sthiti prApta kare yA na kare 13 sAmAnya jIvana vyavahAra to 'jayaM care' Adi ke anusAra kevala viveka sampannatA kI hI apekSA rakhatA hai / Atmopalabdhi : lokopalabdhi : vyaktitva vikAsa java antarmukhI hotA hai to vaha Atma-jyoti kI upalabdhi taka pahuMcatA hai kintu jaba vaha vahirmukhI hotA hai to lokonmukha hone ke kAraNa loka-vijaya taka pahuMcatA hai / kyA grAtmopalavdhi aura loka-vijayopalabdhi meM koI antara hai ? grAtmA kI upalabdhi zrAtmajJAna ke vinA asaMbhava hai, lokopalabdhi loka jJAna ke vinA / vastutaH Atma-vistAra ke ye donoM hI aise samAnAntara mArga haiM, jinake grAkAra - prakAra aura dUrI ke sAtha maMjila meM bhI koI antara nahIM hai / eka kA jJAna dUsare patha kA bhI jJAna karA detA hai | hiMsA, brahmacarya, satya, asteya aura aparigraha kA pAlana donoM pathoM para samAna rUpa se karanA par3atA hai / udAharaNa ke lie hiMsA ko hI le liyA jAya / hiMsA se virati ke vinA AtmA ko karma mukta yA niSkaluSa kaise banAyA jA sakatA hai ? sarva satveSu maitrI yA vizva bandhutva kI bhAvanA kaise vikasita hogI ? grAtma vistAra ko vizva vyApI banAne ke lie hiMsA aura usake mUla kAraNa kapAya - krodha ke tyAga vinA koI kaise saphala hogA ? kaSAya-tyAga ko yaha sAdhanA, cAhe grAtmopalabdhi ke lie ho yA vizvopalabdhi ke lie, vyaktigata stara para ho yA sAmAjika aura rASTrIya stara para athavA nijI stara para ho yA sAmUhika stara para sarvatra samAna hai / hiMsA grAtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa hai / jIva-viveka isakA AdhAra hai / " hiMsA kA mUla kAraNa kova hai / krodha-vijaya hI loka-vijaya hai aura vyaktitva vikAsa kI antaH aura vahirmukhI donoM hI sAdhanAtroM meM isakA samAna mahattva hai / 'grAcArAMga' meM brahma kA artha hai saMyama, isakA AcaraNa hI brahmacarya hai / 7 saMyama ke abhAva meM vyaktitva vikAsa to saMbhava hI nahIM hai / lobha praya- steya, paraspara saMvaddha hai / grAmavistRti kA yaha sarvAdhika bAdhaka tattva hai / yahI sthiti samasta paMcakapAyoM aura AcArAMga - 1/3/20 2 dharma tulanAtmaka dRSTi meM rAdhAkRSNana - pR0 10, 11 / 3 gItA - 6/5 4 AcArAMga 2/3/81, 4/3/134, 3/4/126, sthA0 426, 430, samavAyAMga 17 dasarvakAlika 6/ 12, 13, 7/3/11, 6/14-15, 16, 21, 37, 38 Adi / 5. AcArAMga 1/7/62 | 6 vahI / 7 sthAnAMga - 426-30, gItA 2/48, 5/16, 6/32 / kaTho0 1/1/28, AcArAMga-2/3/82 | u

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mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM mAnava-vyaktitva ke vikAsa kI saMbhAvanAeM 157 unakI virati se Atma jJAna yA vizva jJAna kI hai| saMsAra kA mUla kaSAya hai / kaSAyanivRtti kI sAdhanA hI saMyamAnuSThAna hai / saMyama kalyANa kA vAstavika mArga hai, yahI zivasaMkalpa hai / ' kapAya-nivRtti pariSkaraNa hai, ataH vyaktitva-vikAsa kA patha bhI yahI hai / vizva-vedanA kI anubhUti : jo AtmA kI sattA ko asvIkRta karate haiM yA kore dehAtmAvAdI haiM, zarIra hI jinakI dRSTi meM sarvasva hai, ve bhI mAnasika vyApakatA ko svIkara karate haiN| zarIra poSaNa kI apekSA loka-kalyANa dvArA yazArjana kI pravRtti jina dehAtmavAdiyoM meM hotI hai, unakA vyaktitva zreSTha kyoM mAnA jAtA hai ? isa zarIra saMracanA kA kendra mastiSka hai aura hRdaya usakA poSaNa-kendra, tava bhI vyakti niSTha, samAja niSTha aura vizva niSTha mAnava ke vyaktitva kA stara-bheda to hai hI / vyakti-mAnasa ke pariSkaraNa evaM vikAsa ke vinA kyA usameM yaha kSamatA A sakatI hai ki vaha vizva vedanA kI anubhUti kara sake ? usakI hRdaya vINA ke tAra kI jhaMkAra vizva bhara ke mAnava-hRdaya ke tAroM ko samAna svara meM kaise jhaMkRta kara sakatI hai ? Aja to TelipaithI ko vaijJAnika satya mAna liyA gayA hai / vyakti vyaktitva ke sImita kSetra evaM dharAtala se vizva-mAnava ke vyaktitva kA vyApaka kSetra evaM dharAtala nizcita hI UMcA hai / isa vyaktitva-vikAsa ke lie bhI vaisI hI sAdhanA aura tapa kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai jaisI AtmA ke nirmala svarUpa kI upalabdhi ke lie| sAdhanA ke stara aura svarUpa kI dRSTi se donoM hI patha samAna aura samAnAntara haiN| mArga kI kaThinAiyAM aura bAdhAeM bhI samAna haiM, aura siddhiyAM tathA saphalatAe bhI samAna haiM / eka patha ke pathika kA anubhava dUsare prAtma-patha ke pathika ke anubhava se bhinna nahIM haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki mahAvIra ne na loka kI upekSA kI, na AtmA kii| AtmajJa vaha hai, jo vizvajJa hai aura vizvajJa vaha hai, jo AtmajJa hai / 2 vyaktitva-vikAsa kI yaha maMjila hai| yahIM pahuMca kara lokAdhigamatA aura lokAtikrAnta gocaratA prApta hotI hai / amaratva yahI hai / amaratva kI upalabdhi : sAdhanA ke isa samAnAntara patha ke kisI bhI pathika ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha koI bhI patha apanAe, maMjila taka pahuMce / mahAvIra ne vaha maMjila prApta karalI thii| vaha nimrantha bane aura taba loka-kalyANa ke dUsare samAnAntara patha para saralatA se cala par3e / mahAvIra 'nirgantha' the, isake artha para dhyAna diyA jAya to yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ve karmabandha kI samasta gutthiyoM se mukta hokara kevalajJAna saMpanna mukta-purupa the| nirgrantha ke vAstavika artha vodha meM upaniSad ke nimnalikhita do zloka adhika sahAyaka haiM 1 AcArAMga-2/166, Rk-5/51/15, yaju : 34/1 / 2 je eNaM jANai se savvaM jANai, je savvaM jANai se egaM jANai / AcArAMga 3/4/123 3 kaTho0 2/3/8, zvetA0 6/15 /

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158 yadA sarve pramucyante kAmA ye'sya hRdi zritAH / atha martyo'mRto bhavatyatra brahma samaznute || yadA sarve prabhidyante hRdayasyeha granthayaH / atha martyo'mRto bhavatyetAvaddhyanuzAsanam || dArzanika saMdarbha kaTho0 2/3/14 kaTho0 2/3/15 ina donoM zlokoM kA artha jaina darzana kI zabdAvalI meM kahA jAya to yahI hai ki samasta kAmanAoM se mukti naye karmoM kA nirodha hai aura hRdaya kI samasta granthiyoM kA chedana pUrva karmo ke saMskAroM kI nirjarA hai / maraNadharmA manuSya kI amaratA nirjarA aura saMvara se hI saMbhava hai | mAnava-vyaktitva kA carama vikAsa amaratva kI upalabdhi hai / isa amRtatva ko jisane pA liyA hai, vahI nirgrantha hai Atmana hai / nirgranyatA hI pUrNa vikAsa : dehAtmavAdiyoM ke lie bhI 'nirgranthatA' kI upalabdhi hI unake vyaktitva vikAsa kA uccatama rUpa hai / yahAM nirgranthatA kA artha granthiyoM ( Complexes ) se mukti hai / mAnava-mana-mastiSka kI koTi-koTi granthiyoM ke mUla meM hRdayAzrita kAmanAeM haiN| kucha granthiyAM janmajAta hotI haiM, kucha isa jIvana kI apUrva kAmanAoM se udbhutaH, parantu nirmala mana-mastiSka kI upalabdhi to donoM prakAra kI granthiyoM kI mukti se hI saMbhava hai / uccatA zrara hInatA kI granthiyoM se mukti ho to samatva -sAdhanA hai / yaha spaSTa hai ki 'nirgrantha' mahAvIra ke yuga meM bhI mAnava-vyaktitva ke vikAsa kA pUrNa pratIka thA aura grAdhunika saMdarbha meM bhI yaha utanA hI satya hai / nirjarA aura saMvara ke Daga bar3hate caleM : paMca vikAra yA kaSAya hI saMsAra yA karma bandha ke kAraNa haiM, ye hI granthiyoM ke bhI kAraNa haiM / kevala kAma hI nahIM, krodhAdi granya kaSAya bhI saMyama yA nirjarA ke abhAva meM granthiyoM ke janaka vanate haiM / kevala rupaye ke saMgraha ke lie cAritrika patana kI gaharI khAI kI ora daur3atA vyakti mAnava, zakti-saMgraha ke lie aNu-visphoTa karate rASTra, zakti-pradarzana ke lie sAmAnya - janatA para bamoM kI anavarata varSA karane vAle zAsaka kyA vyakti yA rASTrIya stara para kisI na kisI prakAra kI granthi se grasta nahIM haiM ? apane astitva ke kho jAne ke bhaya se grasta samAja, rASTrIya yA mAnavatAvAdI dhArA ke sAtha eka rasa nahIM ho pAte, kyA isake pIche eka 'granthi ' nahIM hai ? saccAI to yaha hai ki grAja kA mAnava sAmAnya mAnavIya guNoM ko bhUla kara tiryak yonija zreNiyoM ke adhika samIpa pahuMcatA jA rahA hai / paMcavikAra usa para savAra haiM / isakA mukhya udAharaNa vaha vijJAna hai jo apane hI sraSTA ke sira para savAra ho baiThA hai / isa artha pradhAna bhautika yuga meM granthi grasta mAnava vyakti rUpa ho yA samAja rUpa, rASTra rUpa ho yA vizva rUpa, apane vyaktitva vikAsa ke lakSya ko hI nahIM bhulA baiThA hai usake mulya sAvana nirjarA aura saMvara ko bhI dhIre-dhIre kho rahA hai / isa yuga meM 'sva' kI sAdhanA itanI prabala ho uThI hai ki Atma-jJAna, Atma

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mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM mAnava-vyaktitva ke vikAsa kI saMbhAvanAeM 156 vistAra, loka-jJAna aura lokopalabdhi kI bAteM nakkArakhAne meM tRtI kI AvAja lagatI haiM / mahAvIra kI dRSTi to spaSTa hai, grAtma-jJAna aura loka-kalyANa ke samAnAntara patha meM se kisI patha kA bhI pathika nirjarA aura saMvara ke Daga bharatA 'nirgrantha' bana sakatA hai, jo vyaktitva ke parama vikasita rUpa kA pratIka hai / isa patha kA pathika kevala vyakti hI nahIM koI bhI samAja, koI bhI rASTra aura rASTroM kA vizva-saMgha bhI ho sakatA hai / ho sakatA hai, saMbhAvanAeM to haiM, parantu vizva mAnava kaba isa patha para cala kara vizva mAnavatA ko prApta kara sakegA, yaha to abhI bhI pratIkSA kA viSaya banA huA hai / vyaktitva vikAsa ke lie mahAvIra kA nirdiSTa patha to spaSTa hai, para usa para sacce pathika kI ava bhI pratIkSA ho rahI hai jo apane pIche samasta mAnavoM ko le cale / saMbhAvanAoM kI anantatA, para eka kI, kevala eka 'nirgrantha' kI netRtva zakti hRdaya granthiyoM ke bhedana ke patha para Age bar3hA sake, mahAvIra kI amaravANI jisake mukha se nissRta ho isa deza sahita vizva ko apane samagra vyaktitva ke vikAsa ke lie prerita kara sake usakI to ava bhI pratIkSA hai | ....

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28 mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM svatantratA kA sahI svarUpa * muni zrI nathamala svatantra aura paratantra : yadi yaha jagata aDhata hotA--eka hI tatva hotA, dUsarA nahIM hotA to svatantra aura paratantra kI mImAMsA nahIM hotI / isa jagata meM aneka tatva haiN| ve eka dUsare ko prabhAvita karate haiN| unameM kArya-kAraNa kA sambandha bhI hai / isa paristhiti meM svatantra aura paratantra kI mImAMsA anivArya ho jAtI hai| dUsarI bAta-pratyeka tatva parivartanazIla hai / parivartana tatva kI AMtarika prakriyA hai / kAla ke hara kSaNa ke sAtha vaha ghaTita hotA hai / sUrya aura candrakRta kAla sArvadezika nahIM hai| jo parivartana kA nimita banatA hai, vaha kAla sArvadezika hai, vaha pratyeka tatva kA AMtarika paryAya hai| vaha nirantara gatizIla hai| usakI gatizIlatA tatva ko bhI gatizIla rakhatI hai / vaha kabhI aura kahIM bhI avaruddha nahIM hotI / parivartana kI anivArya zRMkhalA se pratibaddha tatva ke lie svatantra aura paratantra kA prazna svAbhAvika hai / __jo kArya-kAraNa kI zRMkhalA se baMdhA huA hai, vaha svatantra nahIM ho sakatA / jisake sAtha parivartana kI anivAryatA jur3I huI hai, vaha svatantra nahIM ho sakatA / manuSya kArya-kAraNa kI zRkhalA se baMdhA huyA hai, gatizIlatA kA apavAda bhI nahIM hai, phira vaha svatantra kaise ho sakatA hai ? kyA phira vaha paratantra hai ? koI bhI vastu kevala paratantra nahIM ho sktii| yadi koI svatantra hai to koI paratantra ho sakatA hai aura yadi koI paratantra hai to koI svatantra ho sakatA hai| kevala svatantra aura kevala paratantra koI nahIM ho sktaa| pratipakSa ke vinA pakSa kA astitva sthApita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / manuSya paratantra hai, isakA artha hai ki vaha svatantra bhI hai / astitva kI vyAkhyA: svatantra aura paratantra kI sApekSa vyavasthA ho sakatI hai| nirapekSa dRSTi se koI vastu svatantra nahIM hai aura koI paratantra nahIM hai / mahAvIra ne do nayoM se vizva kI vyAkhyA kii| pahalA nizcaya naya aura dUsarA vyavahAra naya / nizcaya naya ke anusAra pratyeka vastu apane svarUpa meM pratipThita hai / na koI AdhAra hai aura na koI Apeya, na koI kAraNa hai aura na koI kArya, na koI kartA hai aura na koI kRti / jo kucha hai vaha svarUpagata hai / yaha astitva kI vyAkhyA hai| usake vistAra kI vyAkhyA vyavahAra naya karatA hai / usakI sImA meM AdhAra

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mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM svatantratA kA sahI svarUpa 161 Aya, kArya aura kAraNa, kartA aura kRti kA sambandha hai / jahAM yaha sambandha hai, vahAM svatantratA aura paratantratA kI bhI vyAkhyA saMbhava hai / svatantratA kA cintana : svatantratA kA cintana do koTi ke dArzanikoM ne kiyA hai / dharma ke sandarbha meM svatantratA kA cintana karanevAle dArzanika vyakti kI Antarika prabhAvoM ( prAtmika guraNoM ko naSTa karane vAle AvezoM) se mukti ko svatantratA mAnate haiM / rAjanIti ke sandarbha meM svatantratA kA ciMtana karanevAle dArzanika vyakti kI bAharI prabhAvoM ( vyavasthA kRta doSapUrNa niyantraraNoM) se mukti ko svatantratA mAnate haiM / dharma jAgatika niyamoM kI vyAkhyA hai, isalie usakI sImA meM svatantratA kA sambandha kevala manuSya se nahIM, kiMtu jAgatika vyavasthA ha | rAjanIti vaidhAnika niyamoM kI vyAkhyA hai, isalie usakI sImA meM svatantratA kA sambandha vyaktiyoM ke pArasparika samvandha aura saMvidhAna se hai / bhAratIya dharmAcAryo aura dArzanikoM ne adhikAMzatayA dhArmika svatantrA kI vyAkhyA kI / unhoMne rAjanItika svatantratA ke viSaya meM apanA mata prakaTa nahIM kiyA / isakA eka kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki ve zAzvata niyamoM kI vyAkhyA meM rAjanIti ke sAmayika niyamoM kA mizraNa karanA nahIM cAhate the / unhoMne zAzvata niyamoM para AdhArita svatantratA kI vyAkhyA se rAjanItika svatantratA ko prabhAvita kiyA. kiMtu usakA svarUpa nirdhArita nahIM kiyA / smRtikAroM aura paurANika paMDitoM ne rAjanItika svatantratA kI vyAkhyA kI hai / unhoMne vaiyaktika svatantratA ko bahuta mUlya diyA / pazcimI dArzanikoM ne rAjanIti ke saMdarbha meM svatantratA aura zAsanavyavasthA kI samasyA para paryApta ciMtana kiyA / arastU, ekvinAsa, lAka aura mila Adi rAjanItika dArzanikoM ne vaiyaktika svatantratA ko grAdhAra bhUta tatva ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA / dUsarI ora pleTo, maikevalI, hAvsa, hIgala aura varka zrAdi rAjanItika dArzanikoM ne zAsana vyavasthA ko prAthamikatA dI / rAjanItika dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM vahI vyakti svatantra hai jo kartavya kA pAlana karatA hai - vahI kArya karatA hai, jo use karanA cAhie / vyakti ke kartavya kA nirdhAraNa sAmAjika mAnyatAoM aura saMvidhAna kI svIkRtiyoM ke AdhAra para hotA hai / isa artha meM vyakti sAmAjika aura vaidhAnika svIkRtiyoM kA pratikramaNa kiye vinA icchAnusAra kArya karane meM svatantra hai | isa svatantratA kA upayoga sAmAjika aura grArthika pragati meM hotA hai / svatantratA kA artha kaSAya-mukti : F mahAvIra ke darzana meM svatantratA kA artha hai kaSAya - mukti / krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha se mukti | pravezamukta vyakti hI svatantra kriyA kara sakatA hai / gAlI ke prati gAlI, krodha ke prati krodha, ahaM ke prati grahaM aura prahAra ke prati prahAra yaha pratikriyA kA jIvana hai / pratikriyA jIvana jIne vAlA koI bhI vyakti svatantra nahIM ho sakatA / cir3iyA jaise apane pratibiMba para coMca mAratI thI, bacce ne apanI parachAI ko pakar3ane kA prayatna kiyA aura siMha apane hI pratibiMba ke sAtha lar3atA huA kueM meM gira par3A - ye saba pratikriyAeM

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dArzanika saMdarbha bAharI darzana se ghaTita hotI haiM / svatantratA AMtarika guNa hai / jisakA aMtaHkaraNa praveza se mukta ho jAtA hai, vaha samasyA kA samAdhAna apane bhItara khojatA hai, kriyA kA jIvana jItA hai aura vaha sahI artha meM svatantra hotA hai / vaha gAlI ke prati mauna, krodha ke prati prema, grahaM ke prati vinamratA aura prahAra ke prati zAMti kA grAcaraga kara sakatA hai / yaha kriyA sAmanevAle vyakti ke vyavahAra se prerita nahIM hotI, kiMtu apane vyeya se prerita hotI hai, isalie yaha kriyA hai / svatantratA kA AdhyAtmika artha hai kriyA, paratantratA kA artha hai pratikriyA / zrahiMsA kiyA hai, hiMsA pratikriyA, isIlie mahAvIra ne ahiMsA ko dharma aura hiMsA ko adharma batalAyA / dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai svatantratA dharma hai aura paratantratA dharma / 192 svatantratA kA sAmarthya : prAMtarika jagata meM manuSya sImAtIta svatantra ho sakatA hai, kintu zarIra karma aura namAja ke pratibandha-kSetra meM koI bhI manuSya sImAtIta svatantra nahIM ho sakatA / vahAM prAMtarika aura bAharI prabhAva usakI svatantratA ko sImita kara dete haiM / AtmA apane astitva meM ho pUrNa svatantra ho sakatI hai| bAharI saMparko meM usakI svatantratA sApekSa hI ho sakatI hai / yaha saMsAra apane svarUpa meM svayaM vadalatA hai / isake bAharI grAkAra ko jIva badalate hai aura mukhyatayA manuSya vadalatA hai / kyA manuSya isa saMsAra ko badalane meM samartha hai ? kyA vaha ise acchA banAne meM samartha hai ? ina praznoM kA uttara do virodhI dhArAoM meM milatA hai / eka dhArA paratantratAvAdI dArzanikoM kI hai / usake anusAra manuSya kArya karane meM svatantra nahIM hai, isalie vaha saMsAra ko nahIM badala sakatA, use acchA nahIM banA sktaa| dUsarI dhArA svatantratAvAdI dArzanikoM kI hai / usake anusAra manuSya kArya karane meM svatantra hai | vaha maMmAra ko badala sakatA hai, use acchA banA sakatA hai, kAlavAdI dArzanika manuSya ke kArya ko kAla se pratibaMdhita, svabhAvavAdI dArzanika use svabhAva se pratibandhita, niyativAdI dArzanika use niryAta se nirdhArita, bhAgyavAdI dArzanika use bhAgya ke adhIna aura puruSArthavAdI dArzanika ume puruSArtha se niSpanna mAnate haiM / puruSArtha kI saphalatA-asaphalatA : mahAvIra ne manuSya ke kArya kI anekAMta dRSTi se samIkSA kI / unhoMne kahAdravya vaha hotA hai, jisameM arthakriyA hotI hai / yaha svAbhAvika kriyA hai / yaha na kisI nimitta me hotI hai aura na kisI nimitta se avaruddha hotI hai / yaha kisI nimitta se pratidhana nahI hotI, isalie pUrNa svatantra hotI hai / dravya meM vAhya nimittoM se grasvAbhAvika kiyA bhI hotI hai / vaha aneka yogoM se nippanna hone ke kAraNa yaugika hotI hai / yaugika diyA meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, bhAgya aura puruSArtha - ina sabakA yoga hotA hai - kisI kAma aura kisI kA adhika / jisameM kAla, svabhAva, niyati yA bhAgya kA yoga adhika hotA hai, usame manuSya vicAra me svatantra hote hue bhI kArya karane meM paratantra hotA hai / jisame puruSArtha kA yoga adhika hotA hai, usameM manuSya kAla trAdi yogoM se paratantra hote hue bhI kArya karane me svatantra hotA hai / isa prakAra manuSya kI kArya karane kI svatantrata

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mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM svataMtratA kA sahI svarUpa 163 sApekSaM hI hotI hai, nirapekSa, nirantara aura nirvAdha nahIM hotI / yadi vaha nirapekSa hotI to manuSya isa saMsAra ko sudUra gratIta meM hI apanI icchAnusAra badala detA aura yadi vaha kArya karane meM svatantra hotA hI nahIM to vaha saMsAra ko kucha bhI nahIM badala pAtA / yaha saca hai ki usane saMsAra ko badalA hai aura yaha bhI saca hai ki vaha saMsAra ko apanI icchAnusAra eka cuTakI meM nahIM badala pAyA hai, dharatI para nirvAdha sukha kI sRSTi nahIM kara pAyA hai / ina donoM vAstavikatAtroM meM manuSya ke puruSArtha kI saphalatA aura viphalatA, kSamatA aura akSamatA ke spaSTa pratibiMba haiM / puruSArtha kI kSamatA akSamatA : manuSya kI kAyajA zakti yadi kAla, svabhAva yAdi meM se kisI eka hI tattva dvArA saMcAlita hotI to kAla, svabhAva zrAdi meM saMgharSa kI sthiti utpanna ho jAtI aura ve eka dUsare ko samApta karane meM laga jAte, kintu jAgatika dravyoM aura niyamoM meM virodha aura virodha kA sAmaMjasyapUrNa saMtulana hai, isalie ve kArya kI niSpatti meM apanA-apanA apekSita yoga dete haiM / sApekSavAda kI dRSTi se kisI bhI tattva ko prAthamikatA yA mukhyatA nahIM dI jA sakatI / apane grapane sthAna para sava prAthamika aura mukhya haiM / kAla kA kArya svabhAva nahIM kara sakatA aura svabhAva kA kArya kAla nahIM kara sakatA / bhAgya kA kArya puruSArtha nahIM kara sakatA aura puruSArtha kA kArya bhAgya nahIM kara sakatA / phira bhI kartRtva ke kSetra meM puruSArtha gragraNI hai / puruSArtha se kAla ke yoga ko pRthaka nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kintu kAla kI avadhi meM parivartana kiyA jA sakatA hai, puruSArtha se bhAgya ke yoga ko pRthaka nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kintu bhAgya meM parivartana kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina satyoM ko itihAsa aura darzana kI kasauTI para kasA jA sakatA hai / jaise-jaise manuSya ke jJAna kA vikAsa hotA hai, vaise-vaise puruSArtha kI kSamatA bar3hatI hai | sabhyatA ke grAdima yuga meM manuSya kA jJAna alpavikasita thA / unake upakaraNa bhI avikasita the, phalataH puruSArtha kI kSamatA bhI kama thI / prastarayuga kI tulanA meM araguyuga ke manuSya kA jJAna bahuta vikasita hai / usake upakaraNa zaktizAlI haiM aura puruSArtha kI kSamatA bahuta bar3hI hai | Adima yuga kA manuSya kevala prakRti para nirbhara thA / varSA hotI to khetI ho jAtI / eka ekar3a bhUmi meM jitanA anAja utpanna hotA, utanA ho jAtA / anAja ko pakane meM jitanA samaya lagatA, utanA laga jAtA / Aja kA manuSya ina saba para nirbhara nahIM hai / usane siMcAI ke srotoM kA vikAsa kara varSA kI nirbharatA ko kama kara diyA hai| usane rAsAyanika khAdoM kA nirmANa kara anAja kI paidAvAra meM atyadhika vRddhi kara dI aura kRtrima upAyoM dvArA phasala ke pakane kI avadhi ko bhI kama karane kA prayatna kiyA 1 usane saMkara paddhati dvArA anAja ke svabhAva meM bhI parivartana kiyA hai / puruSArtha ke dvArA kAla kI avadhi aura svabhAva ke parivartana ke saiMkar3oM udAharaNa sabhyatA ke itihAsa meM khoje jA sakate haiM / kAla, svabhAva zrAdi ko jJAna kA varada hasta prApta nahIM hai / isalie ve puruSArtha ko kama prabhAvita karate haiM / puruSArtha ko jJAna kA varadahasta prApta hai, isalie vaha

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164 dArzanika saMdarbha kAla, svabhAva Adi ko adhika prabhAvita karatA hai| unako prabhAvita kara vartamAna ko atIta se bhinna rUpa meM prastuta kara detA hai| karma siddhAnta aura svatantratA : imenyuala kAMTa ne isa vicAra kA pratipAdana kiyA hai ki manuSya apanI saMkalpa-zakti meM svatantra hai aura isIlie karma karane aura zubhAzubha karmoM ke phala bhogane meM bhI svatantra hai, yadi vaha karma meM svatantra nahIM to vaha karma karane aura unakA phala bhogane ke lie uttaradAyI nahIM hogA / bhAratIya karmavAda kA yaha prasiddha sUtra hai ki acche karma kA acchA aura bure karma kA burA phala hotA hai / manuSya jaisA karma karatA hai, vaisA phala bhogatA hai / isa sUtra kI mImAMsA se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki manuSya nayA karma karane meM purAne karma se baMdhA huA hai / vaha karma karane aura usakA burA phala bhogane meM svatantra nahIM hai| yadi aisA hai to use kisI bhI acche yA bure karma ke liye uttaradAyI nahIM ThaharAyA jA sakatA / usakA vartamAna atIta se niyantrita hai / vartamAna kA apanA koI kartavya nahIM hai| vaha atIta kI kaThaputalI mAtra hai / karmavAda ke isa sAmAnya sUtra ne bhAratIya mAnasa ko bahata prabhAvita kiyA, use bhAgyavAda ke sAMce meM DhAla diyA / usake prabhAva ne puruSArtha kI kSamatA kSINa krdii| karma ke udIraNa aura saMkramaNa kA siddhAnta : mahAvIra ne purupArtha ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA / unakA purupArthavAda bhAgyavAda ke virodha meM nahIM thA / bhAgya puruSArtha kI niSpatti hai / jo jisake dvArA niSpanna hotA hai, vaha usake dvArA parivartita bhI ho sakatA hai / mahAvIra ne karma ke udIraNa aura saMkramaNa ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kara bhAgyavAda kA bhAgya puruSArtha ke adhIna kara diyaa| karma ke udIraNa kA siddhAMta hai ki karma kI avadhi ko ghaTAyA bar3hAyA jA sakatA hai aura usakI phala dene kI zakti ko maMda aura tIvra kiyA jA sakatA hai| karma ke saMkramaNa kA siddhAMta hai ki asata prayatna kI utkaTatA ke dvArA puNya ko pApa meM badalA jA sakatA hai aura sata prayatna kI tIvratA ke dvArA pApa ko puNya meM badalA jA sakatA hai| manuSya jaisA karma karatA hai, vaisA phala bhogatA hai-karmavAda ke isa ekAdhikAra ko yadi udIraNa aura saMkramaNa kA siddhAMta sImita nahIM karatA to manuSya bhAgya ke hAtha kA khilaunA hotA / usakI svatantratA samApta ho jAtI / phira Izvara kI adhInatA aura karma kI adhInatA meM koI antara nahIM hotaa| kintu udIraNa aura saMkramaNa ke siddhAMta ne manuSya ko bhAgya ke ekAdhikAra se mukta kara svatantratA ke dIvaTa para purupArtha ke pradIpa ko prajjvalita kara diyaa| niyati aura puruSArtha ko sImA kA bodha : niyati ko hama sImita artha meM svIkAra kara puspArtha para pratibandha kA anubhava karate hai / purupArtha para niyati kA pratibandha hai, kintu itanA nahIM hai, jisase ki puruSArtha kI upayogitA samApta ho jAye / yadi hama niyati ko jAgatika niyama (yUnivarsala lA) ke rUpa me svIkAra kareM to puruSArtha bhI eka jAgatika niyama hai isalie niyati usakA sImAvova karA makatI hai kintu usake svarUpa ko vilupta nahIM kara sktii| viliyama jemsa ne likhA

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mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM svataMtratA kA sahI svarUpa hai-saMsAra meM saba kucha pahale se hI nirdhArita ho to manuSya kA puruSArtha vyartha hai, kyoMki pUrva-nirdhArita anyathA nahIM ho sakatA / yadi saMsAra meM acchA aura burA karane kI svatantratA na ho to pazcAtApa karane kA kyA aucitya hai ? kintu jahAM saba kucha pahale se nirdhArita ho, vahAM pazcAtApa karane se rokA bhI nahIM jA sakatA / java taka hama manuSya kI svatantratA svIkAra nahIM kareMge, tava taka hama use kisI kArya ke lie uttaradAyI nahIM ThaharA sakate / anekAMta dRSTi hameM isa vAstavikatA para pahuMcA detI hai ki isa vizva meM niyata vahI hai, jo zAzvata hai / jo azAzvata hai, vaha niyata nahIM ho sakatA / astitva zAzvata hai| koI bhI puruSArtha use anastitva meM nahIM badala sakatA / jo yogika hai, vaha azAzvata hai / vaha pUrva-nirdhArita nahIM ho sakatA / use badalane meM hI svataMtratA aura purupArtha kI arthavattA hai / puruSArtha ke dvArA bhAgya ko badalA jA sakatA hai, saMsAra ko acchA yA burA kiyA jA sakatA hai / yaha puruSArtha kI sImA kA kArya hai / aisA karane meM niyati usakA sAtha detI hai / astitva ko banAyA-bigAr3A nahIM jA sakatA / yaha puruSArtha kI sImA se pare una donoM meM virodha kA anubhava nahIM hotA, sApekSatApUrNa sAmaMjasya kA hI anubhava hotA hai / icchA, saMkalpa aura vicAra kI zakti : kriyA cetana aura acetana -donoM kA maulika guNa hai / acetana kI kriyA svAbhAvika yA para-prerita hotI hai / cetana meM svAbhAvika kriyA ke sAtha-sAtha svatantra kriyA bhI hotI hai / yaMtra kI gati nirdhArita mArga para hotI hai| usameM icchA aura saMkalpa kI zakti nahIM hotI, isalie usako gati svatantra nahIM hotii| manuSya cetana hai / usameM icchA, saMkalpa aura vicAra kI zakti hai, isalie vaha svataMtra kriyA karatA hai / DaMsa skATsa ne bhI isI AdhAra para manuSya kI svatantratA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / unhoMne likhA hai-'hamArI svatantratA hamAre saMkalpoM ke kAraNa hai / vyakti dharma ke mArga ko jAnate hue bhI adharma ke patha para cala sakatA hai, yahI usakI svataMtratA hai|" manuSya hI pragati kA mukhya sUtradhAra : pragati kA pahalA caraNa hai saMkalpa aura dUsarA caraNa hai prayatna / ye donoM manuSya meM sarvAdhika vikasita hote haiM / isalie hamAre saMsAra kI pragati kA mukhya sUtradhAra manuSya hI hai / usane AMtarika jagat meM sukha-duHkha siddhAMta, kalpanA, vicAra, tarka aura bhAvanA kI sRSTi kI hai| usane bAhya jagata meM AvazyakatA, sukha-suvidhA aura vilAsitA ke upakaraNoM kI sRSTi kI hai / yuddha aura zAMti kA sRjana manuSya ne hI kiyA hai / svataMtratA ko sahayoga kI dizA deM : DArvina ne yaha sthApanA kI-"saMgharSa prakRti kA eka niyama hai vaha zAzvata aura sArvatrika hai / vaha jIvana-saMgrAma kA mUla hetu hai|" isa sthApanA kA svara bhAratIya ciMtana meM bhI "jIvo jIvasya jIvanam" ke rUpa meM milatA hai| DArvina ne jagata ko saMgharSa ke dRSTikoNa se dekhA / isameM bhI satyAMza hai / kintu yaha pUrNa satya nahIM hai| mahAvIra ne jagana ko bhinna dRSTikoNa se dekhA thaa| unhoMne isa siddhAnta kI sthApanA kI ki jIva jagata

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dAnika saMdarbha pArasparika sahayoga ke AdhAra para TikA huA hai| manuSya meM yadi saMgharSa kA bIja hai, no usameM sahayoga kA bIja kyoM nahIM ho sakatA? yadi vaha naMgharSa karane meM svatantra hai, to vaha sahayoga karane meM svatantra kyoM nahIM ho sakatA ? mahAvIra ke siddhAnta kA sAra hai ki manuSya saMgharpa aura sahayoga--donoM ke lie svatantra hai, kintu jIvana meM zAMti ko pratiSThA ke liye vaha apanI svatantratA ko saMgharSa kI dizA se haTA kara sahayoga kI dizA meM mor3a de| hamAre jIvana meM savarpa ke kSaNa bahuta kama hote haiM, sahayoga ke kSaraNa bahuta adhik| mahAvIra ne manuSya kI svatantratA ko kuMThita nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne usake dizA parivartana kA mUtra diyA / vaha mUtra hai-"manupya apanI svantratA kA upayoga zreya kI dizA meM kare, hara burAI ko acchAI meM badala ddaale|

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26 AAAAAAAN vyakti svAtaMtrya aura mahAvIra DaoN0 devendrakumAra jaina maiM yaha acchI taraha jAnatA hU~ ki vyakti svAtaMtrya kA Adhunika saMdarbha meM jo artha hai, vaha mahAvIra kI vyakti svAtaMtrya kI kalpanA se bhinna hai / mUlyoM kA antara : mahAvIra prAdhyAtmika dRSTi se vyakti-svAtaMtrya kI kalpanA karate haiM jabaki grAnika saMdarbha vizuddha bhautika bhUmikA para vyakti svAtaMtrya kA vicAra karatA hai / isalie usakA vicAra adhika Thosa, mUrta aura preraka hai / yAdhunika saMdarbha vyakti svAtaMtrya ke nAma para aisI kisI anubhUti yA grAjA para vizvAsa nahI karatA jisameM laukika cetanA zUnya ho / yAdhunika vyakti ke lie vyakti svAtaMtrya kA artha hai - Arthika, sAmAjika aura rAjanItika dRSTi se grapanA jIvana jIne aura vicAroM ko abhivyakta karane kI svataMtratA / grAvyAtmika mUlyoM ke bajAya usake apane kucha bhautika mUlya haiM jinameM usakA vizvAsa hai aura jinheM rAjya se pAne kA usakA maulika adhikAra hai, vaha aisI kisI sAMskRtika paramparA aura vicAradhArA ko mAnane ke lie taiyAra nahIM jo bhautika saMdarbha meM usakI svataMtratA aura usameM nihita adhikAroM ko damana yA grapaharaNa karatI ho / zrAdhunika mUlyoM kA vikAsa : 1 mAnava jIvana kA grAdhunika saMdarbha aura usake vicAra vastutaH usa prakriyA kI upaja hai jo yUropa ke jIvana ko abhizapta kara dene vAle popavAda ke viruddha bagAvata ke rUpa meM utpanna huI thI / lUthara aura vAlteyara usake gugrA the / phrAMsa ko rAjyakrAMti ne nae samAja kI racanA meM yoga diyA / lekina mazInIkaraNa aura sAmUhika utpAdana ke phalasvarUpa nayA varga khar3A ho gayA jisane vyakti svAtaMtrya kA artha Arthika zoSaNa kI svataMtratA ke rUpa meM kiyA / prArthika utpIr3ana ke sAmane vyakti svAtaMtrya arthahIna ho uThA / aura nayA sAmyavAdI grAndolana uTha khar3A huA / isa prakAra grAvunika saMdarbha jIvana ke vizuddha bhautika mUlyoM se prativandva hai / ise prativaddhatA ko IzvaravAda yA karmavAda kI sundara se sundara vyAkhyAyoM dvArA kahAM tor3A jA makatA hai / mahAvIra aura samakAlInatA : mahAvIra ke vyakti svAtaMtrya kA artha thA icchAvihIna svAnubhUti kA jIvana | vaha vyaktivAdI utpAdanavAle samAja meM utpanna hue the aura unhoMne isIlie vyaktigata tyAga para jora diyA / aparigraha kA prAdarza unhoMne isalie rakhA thA kyoMki usa samaya zrama aura

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dArzanika mandarbha utpAdana vyaktigata thaa| hAlAMki usa samaya bhI, samAja ke eka varga meM gaMcaya aura goSaNA kI pravRtti ghara kara cukI thii| aparigrahavAda kA uddezya prArthika viSamatA ko svecchA meM kama karanA thA / dhana aura bhautika sunoM ke prati vitRpaNA utpanna karane ke pIche bhI unakA yahI uddezya thaa| mahAvIra hI nahIM unake samakAlIna sabhI vicArakoM meM bhautika mUnoM aura vana ke prati upekSA kA bhAva pAyA jAtA hai| mahAvIra rAjanetA yA samAja vyavasthApaka nahIM the| ve eka AdhyAtmika mAdhaka the| isalie unake vicAroM kA anukaraNa AdhyAtmira lakSya ko pAne ke lie hI kiyA gayA aura bhAratIyoM kA sAmAjika jIvana jyoM kA tyoM aprabhAvita rhaa| vyavahAra : duvidhA kA saMkaTa : aba hama 2500veM nivAraNa mahotsava ke avasara para cAhate haiM ki duniyA unake batAe mArga para cale, kyoMki unake batAe mArga para calakara hI vaha sukha-zAMti prApta kara sakatI hai, aura mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA prAja ke jIvana se jur3a jAya jisase Adhunika jIvana ke mUlyoM meM gatizIla saMtulana sthApita kiyA jA sake / para niyati kI viDambanA yaha hai ki jina siddhAntoM kA hama vizva meM pracAra cAhate hai, hama unakA svayaM ke jIvana meM prayoga nahIM karanA cAhate / yaha eka vyAvahArika satya hai ki pracAra para unhIM mUlyoM kI pUcha hotI haiM jo prayoga se siddha kie jAte haiN| mahAvIra ke siddhAnta mUrya ke prakAza kI taraha svaccha, aura AkAza kI taraha unmukta haiM, lekina hama cAhate hai ki jitanA prakAza aura AkAza hamane ghera rakhA hai use hI mahAvIra kA samagra aura AkAza samajhA jAya / vana sattA aura sAdhanA ke zikharoM para baiThe logoM ne mahAvIra ke vicAroM para bhI ekAdhikAra kara liyA hai| Aja kA pratyeka buddhijIvI jo paramparA aura AdhunikatA kI deharI para khar3A hai, isa duvidhA se grasta hai, use koI rAstA nahIM sUjhatA / eka prazna : __ maiM pUchatA hU~ kyA sUrya ke prakAza aura AsamAna kA bhI koI Adhunika saMdarbha hai ? sampUrNa prakharatA aura vyApakatA hI unakA vAstavika saMdarbha hai / ataH ukta vicAroM ko badalane, yA unakI naI vyAkhyA karane ke bajAya hameM svayaM ko Adhunika saMdarbha ke sAMce meM hAlanA hogaa| mahAvIra ke lie vyakti-svAtaMtrya kA artha hai usakI pUrNa mukti, jabaki Adhunika saMdarbha meM vyakti ko jIne kI pUrNa svtNtrtaa| rAjya meM vyakti ke kucha mUla adhikAra haiM jinake upabhoga kI pUrNa svatatratA use honI caahie| sahI patha : _ maiM nahIM socatA ki Adhunika saMdarbha meM vyakti jina mUlyoM ke lie saMgharSa kara rahA hai, vahI usake jIvana kA carama satya hai yA yaha ki isase jIvana kI samasyAoM kA aMtima hala nikAlA jA sakatA hai / yadi aisA hotA to Arthika dRSTi se sampanna dezoM meM azAMti aura mAnasika saMtrAsa kyoM ? isase lagatA hai ki sukha-zAMti ke lie kevala bhautika mUlyoM para nirbhara nahIM rahA jA sakatA / usake lie kisI AMtarika srota kI khoja karanI hogii| maiM samajhatA hai ki mahAvIra kA vicAra svAtaMtrya kA prAdarza isa khoja kA AMtarika srota ho sakatA hai|

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30 mahAvIra - vANI : sahI dizA - bodha * DaoN0 premaprakAza bhaTTa preya aura zreya : vizva meM jitane bhI dharma pracalita haiM una saba meM antarnihita ekatA kI carcA aksara kI jAtI hai, sabhI dharma manuSya ke bhItara chipI huI zreya va preya kI grAkAMkSAoMoM meM calane vAle dvandva ko maryAdA ke anuzAsana meM vAMdhate haiM / preya-patha, laukika sukha-samRddhi, sAMsArika pragati tathA vyakti ke svaya ke sukha va samAja meM usakI pada-pratiSThA se sambandhita rahatA hai / usake graham kI tuSTi isI patha para calane se hotI hai / vaha apanI pUrI zakti va kSamatA ke sAtha jIvana-saMgharSa meM apane ko saphala banAne ke udyoga meM lagA rahatA hai / lekina ina prayatnoM meM usako krUra-kaThora vanakara, mahatvAkAMkSA kI pUrti ke liye hara sambhava upAya apanA kara bar3hanA par3atA hai / svAbhAvika hI hai ki svArthI va saMkucita vRttiyAM usake bhItara paiThakara usako aniSTa kI ora daur3AtI haiM / aura taba vyakti ke bAhara kA samAja, usakI pracalita vyavasthA, dharma va kAnUna kI maryAdAyeM usake grAr3e AtI haiM / mahatvAkAMkSA kI daur3a meM manuSya ina sabako kucalakara rauMdatA huA kisI bhIpaNa zramaryAdA kA janaka na vana jAya, isIlie zreya kI AkAMkSA usako, usakI graMtha pragati ko aMkuza meM vAMdhatI hai / yahIM para preya va zreya ke dvandva kA kA janma hotA hai / dharma isa avasara para manuSya ko bhItarI sukha-zAnti, tyAga, paropakAra, sevA va karuNA kI ora grAkarSita kara laukika aura sthUla sataha ke nIce chipe grAnaMda ke kisI gupta srota kI prora unmukha karatA hai / manuSya apanI vyakti vaddha, deza-kAla vaddha vAraNA kI gulAmI se mukta hokara deza-kAlAtIta samaSTi dharma kI laharoM para tairane lagatA hai / vaha sacamuca apane bhItara jage hue ina navIna anubhavoM se sAkSAtkAra karake romAMcaka grAlhAda ke nivir3a-sukha meM DUbane-utarane lagatA hai / yahI zreya kI pratIti hai / dharma kI sAmayikatA kA prazna : dharmo ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se AsAnI se isa niSkarSa para pahu~cA jA sakatA hai ki vyakti ko usake nijI svArtho kI kaida se mukta karake samAja ke vyApaka hitoM kI ora unmukha karanA hI hara dharma kA lakSya rahA hai / dharmo kI AdhArabhUta parikalpanA ke koI Adarza rahA hai / yaha saca hai ki mAnava laukika dRSTi kA vikAsa huA hai / dharma ke pIche vyakti aura samAja ke hita kA koI na itihAsa ke pichale eka hajAra varSa ke bhItara dAyare meM grava taka jo kriyA-kalApa calA karate

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170 dAnika saMdarbha the, unako isa dAyare ke bAhara bhI pracalita kiyA gayA aura isa prakAra dharma kI sampratA ko cunautI dI gaI / phalasvarUpa dharma ne apane zepa dAyare meM apane ko gameTa gAra loka-jIvana ke sahaja vikAsa se apane ko aura kATa liyaa| isa prakAra dharma kA varcasva kAla ke thor3I kI mAra se kAphI hada taka kSINa huyA hai / yoropIya daMgoM kA dhyAna ma cintAjanaka sthiti kI ora gayA aura vahAM ke dharmAnuyAyiyoM ne dharma ke puraskAra kI yora riTa daur3AI / aba taka dharma saMdezoM meM jina bar3ha prAvRttiyoM kA calana thA, unako arthapUrNa banAna kI dizA meM ye loga pravRta hue| tAtparya yaha hai ki deza-kAla mI badalI huI sthitiyoM meM dharma ko jor3A gyaa| aba Aja ke manuSya ko aura usakI jIvana-caryA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara dharma ko punarpratiSThita karane kI AvazyakatA hai| tabhI dharma kA eka sAmayika svarUpa jagara pAyegA / isake abhAva meM vaha mAtra eka purAnI, piTI huI mRta har3iyoM kA dAMnA samamA jAyegA jo dhIre-dhIre loka-ruci se kaTA huA aura arthahIna banakara raha jaayegaa| gAI dharma meM sAmayikIkaraNa kI lahara idhara bar3I tejI se cala rahI hai / prAcInatA ke anuyAyiyoM ne idhara isakA joradAra virodha kiyA hai, para unakA virodha adhika samaya taka Tika nahIM sakA / Aja sthiti yaha hai ki dharma kI sanAtana mAnyatAoM ko yuga dharma se jor3akara usako sAmayika rUpa dene kA Andolana hara samAja meM jora pakar3a rahA hai| yoM bhI Aja ke samAja kI pahacAna usake udAra dRSTikoNa va khulepana se hotI hai| ina pichalI do-tIna sadiyoM meM manovijJAna, samAjazAstra, tatvavijJAna kI khojoM ke phalasvarUpa hama apanI mAnava sabhyatA ko kucha adhika vizvAsa ke sAtha pahacAnane laga gaye haiN| isI kA yaha pariNAma hai ki Aja kA sAdhAraNa manuSya isa nava-jAgrata viveka se apane ko va apane samAja ko jAnanA cAhatA hai| hamArA deza bhI Ane vAle varSoM meM kucha isI dizA kI ora jAyegA, isakA spaSTa saMketa milane lagA hai| aisI paristhitiyoM meM kyA yaha ucita na hogA ki samaya kI nabja pahacAna kara hama apane ko loka-jIvana ke sahaja vikAsa se jor3eM ? yaha prazna hama bhAratIyoM ke liye vizeSa mahattva rakhatA haiM kyoMki mana va mastiSka ke khulepana meM hamAre pUrvajoM kA, prArambha se hI pUrNa vizvAsa rahA hai| pazcima ke deza anubhavoM kI lambI Dora ke sahAre Aja jisa par3Ava para pahuMce haiM, usakA paricaya hameM pahale se hI thaa| jaina dharma kI gaharI arthavattA : bhArata meM prArambha se lekara jina dharmoM kA pracalana dekhane ko milatA hai yoM to usakI vikAsamAna paramparA se isa bAta kA pramANa milatA hai ki usake mUla meM virATa sAmaMjasya-bhAvanA hai / phira bhI isa vizeSatA kA jaisA tAtvika svarUpa jaina dharma-darzana meM ubhara kara spaSTa huyA hai-vaisA anyatra kahIM nahIM / itihAsa kI sudIrgha paramparA meM jIvana satya kI pahacAna bhAratIya manIpI ko jisa rUpa meM huI hai, usI ko apane meM sanniviSTa kara jaina dharma-darzana ne rUpa grahaNa kiyA hai| jaina dharma ke prArambhika udbhava va vikAsa kI paristhiti para vicAra karane se isa zaMkA kA uttara milegA ki Akhira kina kAraNoM se jaina dharma-darzana kA prAntarika saMracanA kA niyamana isa rUpa meM huA hai ki vaha deza-kAla se nirbandha

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mahAvIra vANI : sahI dizA-vodha satat parivartanazIla mAnava cetanA ke dvArA grarjita anubhava sampadA ko apane bhItara samAhita kara pAne meM sakSama banA rahA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke avataraNa ke samaya meM hiMsA, karmakANDa va bhogavAditA kI carama sImA thI / samAja meM pracalita bahirmukhatA ke kAraNa vyakti svArthI aura bhogalipsu vanakara niraMkuza jIvana jI rahA thaa| isa atyadhika vilAsitA ke phalasvarUpa jIvana kI maryAdA khaNDita hone lagI thii| sAmAjika jIvana kA hrAsa ho rahA thA / kula milAkara grAdhibhautika mUlyoM ke nIce prAdhyAtmika mUlya dave-kucale jA cuke the / aise samaya mahAvIra ke prAkaTya se eka naye vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa huA / unhoMne bahirmukhatA meM khoye prazAnta jIvana ko sthira citta hone kI sIkha dI / naSTa prAyaH maryAdAoM ko phira jIvita kiyA aura bAharI - bhItarI jIvana meM santulana va saMyama kI racanA kI / kahane kA grAzaya yaha hai ki saMkucita svArthI se vyakti kA dhyAna haTAkara use vizAlatara jIvana bhUmi kI thora Akarpita kiyA / isase vyakti va samAja ke bhItara zucitA va pavitratA kA navonmeSa huA / para isa sabake pIche sAmaMjasya va santulana kI bhAvanA barAbara banI rahI / aisA nahIM huA ki bhautikatA kA ekadama tiraskAra karake korI prAdhyAtmikatA ko hI pratiSThita kiyA gayA ho / 171 prAyaH yaha dekhane meM thAtA hai ki eka prativAditA ko samApta karane ke utsAha meM manuSya dUsarI prativAditA ko sthApita kara baiThatA hai / mAnava sabhyatA ke itihAsa meM yaha eka ati paricita tathya hai ki virodhI vicAra dhArAtroM ke saMgharSa ke phalasvarUpa jIvanasatya kA varAvara tiraskAra hotA rahA / jIvana kI vAstavika saccAI to usa bindu para rahA karatI hai jahAM virodhoM meM sAmaMjasya rahA karatA hai / lekina aisA prAyaH hotA nahIM hai / aksara vicAroM kA pArasparika dvandva eka-dUsare kI kATa meM ulajha kara vAstavikatAoM se dUra jA par3atA hai / phalataH korI zAstra carcA va bauddhika vyAyAma ke kAraNa eka naye pAkhaNDa kA janma hotA hai / jaina dharma kA itihAsa isa bAta kI sUcanA detA hai ki usake mUla meM kahIM gaharI arthavattA chipI huI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki kisI nizcita vicAra-dhArA ke prati usakA haThI Agraha nahIM hai, jo ki granyatra prAyaH dekhane ko milatA hai / jaina dharma kI zrArSa dRSTiyAM : prAyaH satya kI anekarUpatA ke kAraNa kisI vizeSa vicAradhArA ke poSaka dizAbhrama ke zikAra ho jAte haiM / unheM yaha ThIka-ThIka nahIM sUjhatA ki satya-asatya kI sImAyeM kahAM haiM / ve bhramavaza apane pakSa se mela na khAne vAle anya dRSTikoNoM kA pUrI zakti se virodha karate rahate haiM / jaina dharma meM syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda kI dhAraNAyeM inhIM bhrAntiyoM ke nirAkaraNa ke lie apanAI gaI grApaM dRSTiyAM haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaina-dharma kI vikAsa- paramparA ke bIca jaina tatva-cintakoM kA yaha grajita satya ina dArzanika zravadhAraNAoM ke rUpa meM prasphuTita huA hai / prAcIna bhAratIya-vidyA ke adhyetA se yaha dRSTi-bheda chipA na raha sakegA ki hindUdharma meM jahAM 'zraddhA' tattva para bala diyA gayA hai aura 'zaMkA' tattva kI ekAnta upekSA kI gaI hai, jahAM jaina dharma meM ThIka isake viparIta zaMkA ko prazraya dekara jJAna kI mUla preraka

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172 dArganika saMdarbha zakti jijJAsA kA popaNa kiyA gayA hai| idhara vijJAna kI upalabdhiyoM ke mUla meM yahI bhAvanA kArya karatI rahI hai / satya kI khoja ke pIche zaMkA kI preraka zakti sadA vartamAna rahatI hai / aAdhunika anusaMdhAnoM ke pIche isakA mahattva svayaM siddha hai / ThIka isI kA pUraka dUsarA pakSa anekAMtavAda meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| ivara vauddhikoM ke bhItara kisI eka anuzAsana kI sImAoM meM kAryarata rahane kI pravRtti dUra ho rahI hai| vai yaha anubhava karane laga gaye haiM ki java eka anuzAsana ke bhItara kI upalabdhi bahuta dUra taka anya anuzAsakoM kI dhAraNAoM ko AmUla parivartita karane meM sakSama hai, taba vividha anuzAsanoM se hokara gujarane vAlA rAstA ananta sambhAvanAoM ke dvAra khola detA hai| kyA 'anekAMtavAda' ke rUpa meM yAdhunika mastiSka kI isa upalabdhi kI gUMja nahIM sunAI par3atI ? kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai ki aisI vahata sI Adhunika avadhAraNAoM kA samAnAntara svarUpa jaina-dharma darzana meM khojA jA sakatA hai| Adhunika mastiSka ke lie yaha kama vismaya kI bAta nahIM hai ki hajAroM varSa pahale bhAratIya manIpA kI vauddhika sUjha kaMsI vistRta ur3Ana bhara sakatI thii| manuSyatA digbhramita : __ dharmoM ke prati Adhunika samAja kI ruci va AkarpaNa usa rUpa meM nahIM hai jaise ki prAcIna kAla yA madhyayuga meM rahe haiN| isa parivartana kA mukhya kAraNa yaha hai ki Aja parivartita paristhitiyoM meM Adhunika manupya ke liye dharma kI anivAryatA samApta ho calI hai / vaha vizuddha laukika dRSTi, dharma-nirapekSatA kA bhAva rakhatA huA apanI jIvanayAtrA calA rahA hai / samAja-kalyANa kI bhAvanA kA praveza jaba adhArmika saMsthAoM meM ho gayA hai, tava dharma kA mahattva va gaurava kama honA svAbhAvika hI hai / parantu dharma kA sthAna lene vAlI vyavasthA kI sambhAvanAyeM abhI bahuta dUra haiN| Adhunika vaijJAnika dRSTi se janasAmAnya ko vaha saMvala aura AdhAra prApta nahIM ho sakatA jo ki dharma ke kAraNa use sahaja prApta thaa| aise samaya meM jabaki purAne AdhAra khisaka rahe hoM aura navIna AdhAra jar3a jamA pAne meM asaphala hoM, manupyatA bhaTakA karatI hai| mUlya vimUr3hatA kI zikAra vanakara vaha adhara meM laTakatI rahatI hai / bhArata ke prasaMga meM yaha sthiti aura bhI ciMtAjanaka kahI jA sakatI hai / yahAM eka aura dharma-nirapekSatA kI ghopita nItiyoM ke sAtha Adhunika nirmANakArya cala rahe haiM, tathA dUsarI aura andhavizvAsoM kI sImA taka dharma meM gale-gale taka DUbI huI pichalaggU janatA hai| muTThI bhara AdhunikoM ke hAthoM vizAla jana-samudAya hAMkA jA rahA hai| mahAvIra-vANI : sahI dizA-bodha : prazna uThatA hai ki aisI ApA-dhApI meM, aMdhI daur3a meM hama apane deza va samAja ke lie kisa dharma ko prAsaMgika samajhe / kahane kI jarUrata nahIM hai ki Aja kI paristhiti meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI meM naI cetanA jagAne kI zakti hai| hajAroM varSa pUrva unhoMne apanI amRta vANI se hiMsA, svArtha, krUratA, bhautikatA meM DUbe hue samAja ko svastha naitika vAyumaNDala pradAna kara bhItara va bAhara kI zucitA use pradAna kI thI-pAja ThIka usI kI jarUrata hai / bhArata meM caritra kA skhalana eka aisI mahA dukhAMta ghaTanA hai jisakI pIr3A

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mahAvIra vANI : sahI dizA-bodha 173 se deza kA hara nAgarika saMtapta hai / aphasosa isa bAta kA hai ki isa mahAmArI se pIr3ita rahakara bhI ise dUra karane kI ora hama pravRtta nahIM ho rahe haiM / hama laukika utthAna cAhane vAle jIvana meM zreya kI apekSA preya kA anusaraNa karane vAle isa bAta ko bhUla rahe haiM ki jaina-dharma meM naitika utthAna kA jo Adeza hai usase na kevala hamAre jIvana meM samRddhi va sukha kA grAvirbhAva hogA valki hama Ananda ke gupta srotoM kA bhI udghATana kara pAyeMge / jinendra kI vAraNI meM yaha zakti hai ki vaha Adhunika vijJAna ke prabhA-maNDala meM rahane vAle manuSya para sIdhA prabhAva DAla sakatI hai / jaina dharma kI vijJAna sammata dhAraNAoM, syAduvAda va anekAMtavAda kI dArzanika avadhAraNAtroM kA isa bIsavIM sadI ke manuSya ke liye sAmayika mahattva hai / hajAroM varSa purAnI jinendra ko usa vAraNI meM Aja kI duHkha-dagdha manuSyatA ke liye sAmayika sandeza hai / ...

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31 N/miADAV Adhunika dArzanika dhAraNAeM aura mahAvIra * paM0 zrutideva zAstrI V mahAvIra bacapana se hI tyAga, tapasyA aura vizeSa cintana kI avasthA meM rahasyAvRtta - jaise rahate the aura yahI kAraNa thA ki ve zaizava ke anantara taruNAvasthA meM hI ghara chor3akara tapasyA ke lie nikala par3e the / unhoMne kSuvA, pipAmA, duHsaha dukhoM para vijaya pAkara atikRccha tapasyA kI aura ve sabhI grAsavoM se mukta hokara 'jina' ho gae the / ve parameSThI, kevalI aura saccidAnanda svarUpa jina the| jinatva prApti ke bAda ve maitra aura karuNAvasthA meM duHkhadagdha saMsAra ko mokSa - mArga ke upadeza ke lie jana-sAmAnya ke bIca nikala par3e the / ve antima tIrthaMkara 'jina' the aura unhoMne jaina dharma ko sampUrNatA pradAna kI thI / mahAvIra kAlIna dArzanika dhAraNAeM : bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya magadha meM parAkramI zizunAgavaMza kA vistRta aura dRr3hatama zakti-sampanna rAjya thA, pazcima meM kAzI janapada kA dRr3ha rAjya thA tathA gaMgA ke uttara vajjI licchavI saMgha kA sudRr3ha gaNatantra - zAsana thA / janatA mukhI sampanna thI / grArthika aura rAjanItika sthitiyAM dRr3hatara thI / sAMsArika sukha bhogoM ke AvaraNa meM jana-sAmAnya lipaTA par3A thA / aise samaya meM samAja meM adhyAtmavAda kI eka navIna pratikriyA Age bar3hatI hai / yahI kAraNa thA ki usa samaya isa pUrvAMcala pradeza me chaha upadeSTA zrAcArya gaura unake saMgha adhyAtmavAda kI pRthak-pRthak vyavasthA prastuta kara rahe the tathA janatA ko apanA anuyAyI vanA rahe the / inameM prakudha kAtyAyana, ajita kezakambalI, makkhali gozAla, saMjaya velaTThIputra, buddha tathA tIrthakara nirgrantha mahAvIra pramukha the| sabhI cAcArya apane-apane DhaMga se apane siddhAntoM kA pracAra kara rahe the / inameM koI devavAdI thA, koI aihikavAdI nAstika tathA koI vibhUti pradarzanavAdI / ina sabhI prAcAryoM meM makkhali gozAla ke grAjIvaka saMgha kA, buddha ke bauddha saMgha kA tathA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke jainasaMgha kA vizepa prabhAva janatA aura samAja para thA / makkhali gozAla ke zrAjIvaka sampradAya ke bhikSu apane guru gozAla ke sAmane apane gralaukika-vibhUti- pradarzana dvArA janatA para adhika prabhAva DAlate the / ve mAraNa-uccATana kA prayoga karate the, ve alaukika zakti kA pradarzana karate the, yahAM taka ki makkhali gozAla ne mahAvIra tIrthakara para bhI apane mAraNa kA prayoga kiyA thA, jaisA ki 'bhagavatI sUtra' ke srotoM se jJAta hotA hai / buddha para bhI usakA mAraNa prayoga huA

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zrAdhunika dArzanika dhAraNAeM aura mahAvIra thA, lekina ina donoM ne usakI lezyA ko apanI tejolezyA se samApta kara diyA thA / buddha ra vauddha saMgha kA prabhAva magadha aura kAzI janapada ke rAjakula para thA aura usa rAjya prabhAva ke kAraNa unake saMgha kA prabhAva evaM pracAra-prasAra adhika huA thA, lekina rAjya prabhAva se hIna jaina saMgha kA prasAra janatA ke bIca svAbhAvika rUpa se hotA thA / jisa prakAra buddha ke sAtha grAnanda the aura unheM hI sambodhita karake buddha prAyaH adhikAMza viziSTa upadeza dete the, usI prakAra mahAvIra ke sAtha gautama the aura vahI prAyaH adhika gUr3ha prazna karate the zrIra una praznoM kA uttara mahAvIra gautama ko sambodhita karake diyA karate the / 175 jainAgamoM ke sAkSya meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki mahAvIra ke jIvana kA adhikAMza samaya janatA kI kalyANa kI kAmanA se janatA ke bIca hI bItA thA javaki buddha kA samaya janatA aura rAjakula ke bIca vaMTA huA thA / ve rAjakula meM-rAjA, rAjyAdhikArI, sainika evaM rAjapuruSoM ke bIca aise samAviSTa ho gae the ki vahuta se rAjyAdhikArI, mainika evaM dUsare rAjapurupa, saMgha ke rAjabhogya sukhoM kI ora grAkRSTa hokara bhikSuka hote jA rahe the aura magadharAja ko buddha se isakI zikAyata karanI par3I thI / jisake bAda bhikSuka vanane ke lie mAtA, pitA, patnI, grabhibhAvaka tathA adhikArI puruSa kI svIkRti lenI par3atI thI / lekina aisI avasthA jaina saMgha meM nahIM thI / jainasaMgha kA sArA saMghaTana vajjiyoM ke saMghazAsana ke anurUpa hotA thA jabaki bauddha saMgha kA nirmANa saMgha aura rAjya donoM ke bIca kA hotA thA / mahAvIra kA darzana : jaina tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke upadeza paMca mahA-zravrata para grAdhArita the / ye paMcAraguvrata hai : - hiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aura aparigraha | ye hI pAMca mahAvrata vauddhAgamoM meM paMcazIla aura vaidika paramparA meM 'yama' ke nAma se jAne jAte haiN| mAnava jIvana ke kalyANa ke lie ina vratoM yA zIloM ko anivArya mAnA jAtA hai, dUsare sabhI zrAvazyaka niyamoM meM parivartana ho sakatA hai, unakA tyAga kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu inameM parivartana yA inakA tyAga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| jainAgamoM meM ina mUlabhUta grAcAroM para atyanta dhyAna diyA jAtA hai | yaha grAvArazilA hai / inake vinA jaina-dharma kI sattA kI kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sakatI hai / ye zrAvakoM aura anagAroM, donoM ke lie vrata mahAvrata ke rUpa meM anivArya haiN| yoM to ina pAMcoM para nirvizeSa rUpa se bala diyA jAtA hai, lekina ahiMsA kI jo vistRta vyAkhyA jaina dharma ne prastuta kI hai aura jitanA isa para bala diyA hai, utanA kisI dUsare dharma ne nahIM diyA hai / isa vyAkhyA - krama meM sthUlatama hiMsA se sUkSmatama hiMsA taka kA niSedha kara ke grahiMsA kA parama ekAntaniSTha siddhAnta sthApita kiyA gayA hai| hiMsA kI vyAkhyA prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki rAgAdi kapAyoM ke kAraNa mana, vacana, kAya se dravyarUpa meM yA bhAvarUpa meM jo prANiyoM kA ghAta kiyA jAtA hai, vahIM hiMsA hai| : yatkhalu kapAya yogAt praraNAnAM dravyabhAva rUpANAm / vyayaropaNasya kAraNaM sunizcitA sA bhavati hiMsA ||

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176 dArzanika saMdarbha aura AtmA meM rAgAdi kapAyoM kA na honA hI ahiMsA hai tathA rAgAdi bhAvoM kA utpanna honA hI hiMsA hai, yaha sampUrNa jainAgama kA tattvasAra hai : aprAdurbhAva khalu rAgAdInAM bhavatyahiseti / tepA mevotpattiH hiMseti jinAgamasya saMkSepaH / / itanI sUkSma vyAkhyA ke dvArA hiMsA-ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA prastuta kI gaI hai / jaina-dharma cAritra prakaraNa meM ahiMsA ko paramoccasthAna pradAna karatA hai tathA mokSa ke kAraNabhUta samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra ke samudAya meM cAritra meM ahiMmA ko prathama mAnA gayA hai aura cAritra ke samyakatva meM ahiMsA ko mUla mAnakara vandha kAraNabhUta sabhI prAsravoM ke saMvaraNa dvArA nirjarA prApta vyakti ko mokSa-prApti kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| Adhunika dArzanika dhAraNAe~ aura mahAvIra : jaina-dharma kI isa ahiMsA se prerita hokara Aja ke mahAn upadeSTA mahAtmA gAMdhI ne ahiMsA ko apane siddhAnta kA mUla mantra mAnakara, use apane rAjanItika saMgharSa meM dArzanika AdhArazilA ke rUpa meM sthApita kiyA thA, tathA use vyAvahArika jAmA pahanAkara apanA saMgharSa calAyA thaa| ___ahiMsA ko Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM jaina-dharma kI sarva prathama mAnyatA kA kAraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai tathA Aja ke bhautika jagat ko eka bar3I dena mAnI jA sakatI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke caritrAdhyAyI janoM ko jJAta ho hai ki ve apane tapasyAkAla se mukti paryanta ahiMsA ke kitane bar3e sAdhaka the| unhoMne ahiMsA ko paramocca sthAna diyA thA tathA vyavahAra meM kITa-pataMgoM se AkrAMta hokara bhI use haTAne taka kA prayAsa nahIM kiyA thA, kyoMki usa apasAraNa meM rAgAdi kA bhAva zarIra ke prati kazmala kapAya ke AvirbhAva kA bhAva banA huA thaa| samyagdarzana, samyajJAna prakaraNa meM jo kucha bhI jJAna prastuta kiyA gayA hai vaha aura usakI jo dArzanika vyAkhyA upasthita kI gaI hai, vaha Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM bhI zata-pratizata sahI utaratI hai / jainAgama meM dravya kA sahI lakSaNa yahI hai ki vaha utpAda, nAza aura dhra vatA se yukta sattAtmaka ho / dravya kA utpanna honA, nAza honA tathA apanI sImA sthiti meM dhruva (sthitimAn) rahakara apanI sattA banAye rakhanA hI usako sattA kA mUlasvarUpa hai, "utpAda vyaya provyayukta sata dravyam" (tattvArtha sU0-5-26-30) / dravya kI yaha vyAkhyA 'bhagavatI sUtra' se lekara adyaparyanta kI gaI hai / dravya kI isa utpatti, vinAza aura sthiti ke siddhAnta ko Aja bhI vaijJAnika svIkAra karate haiN| yahI vAta gItA meM isa prakAra kahI gayI hai| nAsato vidyate bhAvo nAbhAvo vidyate stH| ubhayorapi dRSTo'ntastvanayo stattva dazimiH //

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Adhunika dArzanika dhAraNAeM aura mahAvIra 177 asat kI sattA nahIM ho sakatI aura sat kA abhAva-sarvathA nAza nahIM ho sakatA, tattvadarzI ina donoM ke anta ke pariNAma ko jJAna cakSu se dekhate haiM / naiyAyikoM ne bhI dravya kA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai-saguNaM sakriyaM sacca dravyam / isakA tAtparya hai ki dravya sthitimAna sattAtmaka padArtha hai usakA utpAda vyaya (nAza) aura dhrauvya kevala pariNAmI saMskAra hai / arthAt dravya kA eka rUpa se dUsare rUpa meM parivartana mAtra hotA hai aura parivartana rUpa meM vaha tAtkAlika sthiti meM rahatA hai-sonA, sone kI kaTaka kuNDala ke rUpa meM pariNati tathA sthiti / isI siddhAnta ko Aja ke vaijJAnika, padArtha sattA kA surakSAtmaka siddhAnta tathA zakti kA surakSAtmaka siddhAnta kahate haiN| isI prakAra jainoM ke aNu-siddhAnta aura syAdvAda ke siddhAnta Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM vaijJAnika paribhApAnoM para kase jA sakate haiM / aguNoM kI vistRta vyAkhyA evaM vivecanA jainAgamoM meM kI gaI hai ! aNuoM kI tulanA Aja ke eTama aura elekTrona se kI jA sakatI hai / jo sthiti aura gati eTama meM hai, vahI sthiti aura gati jaina zAstrakAroM ne bhI citrita kI hai| jainiyoM ke syAdvAda, anekAntavAda, saptabhaMgI Adi nAma se prasiddha dArzanika siddhAnta tathA padArtha-vyAkhyA-paraka mAnyatAyeM Aja ke sApekSavAda ke sAtha milatI haiN| tIrthakara mahAvIra ke gautama ko sambodhita karake kahe gae nyAvAda yA saptabhaMgI ke siddhAnta AIsTIna ke sApekSavAda ke siddhAnta se sarvathA ekAtmakatA prApta karate haiN| jainAgamoM meM vastu tatva ko samajhane ke lie do nayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai-eka vinizcaya naya aura dUsarA vyavahAra naya / inhIM do nayoM se sampUrNa sRSTi tattva kA jJAna hotA hai| phira ye naya bhI saptabhaMgI dvArA sAta prakAra ke mAne gae haiN| pratyeka vastu 'syAdasti syAnnasti' siddhAnta ke sApekSa jJAna kI paridhi meM A jAtI hai| mahAvIra ne gautama ke prazna para gur3a ke varNa, rasa Adi guNoM kI vyAkhyA inhIM nayoM se kI hai| phira ina nayoM ke siddhAnta ko samantabhadra Adi vidvAnoM ne vistRta vyAkhyA ke dvArA sUkSma rUpa se pratiSThApita kiyA thaa| jisa prakAra ina nayoM se vastuoM ke athavA dravya tattva ke nityAnityatva, varNa, rasa, gandha sparNAdi kA vivecana bhagavAna mahAvIra ne tathA dUsare prAcAryoM ne kiyA hai usI prakAra se vaha sarvathA Aja ke vaijJAnika sApekSavAda ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA jAtA hai| Aja kA vaijJAnika sApekSavAda ati navIna tathA aneka gurutvAkarpaNavAda Adi vaijJAnika paramparAgoM ko pAra karake sthApita huA hai, jabaki prAcInatama bhAratIya sApekSatA kA siddhAnta aAja se kama-se-kama DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva kA hai / hIgela ke dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda athavA 'DAilekTika maiTariyalijma' kI vyAkhyA bhI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi para bhAratIya darzana ke siddhAnta kI kasauTI para kharI utaratI hai| dvandvAtmakavAda kI tIna avasthAyeM :-vAda (thIsisa), prativAda (eMTI thIsisa) tathA saMvAda (sinthIsisa) bhAratIya darzana ke vAda, prativAda aura saMvAda ke pariNAma haiM yA yoM kahA jAya ki sthiti, parivartana (niSedhAtmaka) aura pratiphalana yA vivarta mAtra hai / pratyeka vastu kI apanI eka sattA hotI hai, usakI eka pratipedhAtmaka athavA parivartanAtmaka yA

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178 dAniyaH maMdarbha paryAyAtmaka sthiti AtI hai aura taba vaha naye rUpa meM vivartarUpa meM parivartita lakSina hotA hai-jaise dUdha kI sthityAtmaka sattA, usakA pratipeyAtmaka parivartana aura parivartana janya dadhi rUpa meM vivartabhAva / isI prakAra sonA dravya kI sattA, usakA agnikriyA dvArA parivartana tathA vivartarUpa kaTaka-kuNDalAdi / ye tInoM asthAyeM pratyeka bhautika padArtha ke sAtha jur3I huI haiN| yahI vastuta: jainadarzana kA utpAda, vyaya aura zrIvya hai agavA vedAnta aura vyAkaraNa darzana kA vivartavAda hai / zabdoM kA bheda ho sakatA hai, udAharaga bhinna ho sakate haiM kintu parivRtti aura niSkarSa eka hI yAyegA / jaise kAhIM, kisI kSaNa do-do cAra hotA hai vaise hI ye avasthAyeM isake sAtha judd'egii| yaha vivataMvAda vainAnika, dArzanika, Arthika tathA aitihAsika sabhI vyAkhyAoM meM kharA utaratA hai ki pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ko bIsavIM sadI se pUrva bhAratIya-darzana kI vizeSa jAnakArI prApta na ho sakI thI, isalie unakI naI thIsisa navInatama aura upajAtarUpa meM samAja ke sAmane pAI aura tamatAvRtta bhAratIya siddhAnta pIche par3a gyaa| bhAratIya darzana jIvana, mRSTi, pralaya, punarjanma Adi kI vyAkhyA isI kasauTI para karate haiM, aura Aja ke vaijJAnika bhI aba isI mArga kA prAdhya lekara sApekSavAda, paramANuvAda, dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda yAdi kI vivecanA karane lage haiN| bhAratIya darzana ko navIna vyAkhyA prastuta karane kI AvazyakatA hai, jisase ki Adhunika vaijJAnika suvIgaNa tathA navIna samAja isake mahattva ko aura vAstavikatA ko samajha sake / aura, phira eka bAra nAstikatA kA khaMDana hokara AstikavAda, yAtmavAda kA pracAra-prasAra ho sake jisase ki vizlepaNa pradhAna nirA bhautikavAdI vijJAna adhyAtma kA suhAgA pAkara kharA utare tathA jIvana aura sRSTi kA abhyudaya evaM niHzreyasakArI sAdhana bana sake / vinA adhyAtmavAda yA Atmadarzana ke sArI sRSTi nipprayojana aura niruddezya pramANita ho jaayegii| jIvana ke mUlabhUta uddezya catuvarga ke abhAva meM sArI sRSTi acetana-jaisI hogI aura aura mAnava kA abhyudaya evaM niHzreyasa ruka jaaygaa| ___ isa ora AcArya zrI tulasI, muni zrI nagarAja Adi ne aNuvrata Andolana dvArA tathA prAcArya zrI nAnAlAlajI mahArAja ne 'samatA darzana' dvArA jaina darzana kI naI vaijJAnika vyAkhyAyeM prastuta kI haiM aura mAnava-samAja kA mahAna hita-sAdhana kiyA hai| maharSi aravinda, DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana jaise dArzanikoM ne bhAratIya darzana kI naI jIvanopayogI vyAvahArika vyAkhyAeM prastuta kI haiM tathA dharmAnanda kauzAmbI Adi ne bhI navIna dRSTi isa prakAra hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA AcAra-darzana, Atma-darzana tathA ina darzanoM kI vyAkhyAtmaka vivecanA-paddhati na kevala vaijJAnika aura Adhunikatama hai, pratyuta, mAnava-samAja ko sahI mArga dikhAkara unheM ucita uddezya kI ora le jAne kA ekamAtra sAdhana hai|

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32 www.n adhyAtma vijJAna se hI mAnavIya mUlyoM kI pratiSThA saMbhava * zrI devakumAra jaina wwwVAN jIne kI icchA : sacetana sRSTi kI pratyeka ikAI meM jijIviSA - mUlaka vRtti svabhAvataH vidyamAna hai / lekina jIvita rahanA mAtra jijIviSA nahIM hai, apitu sukha ke sAtha jIvita rahanA hI jijIviSA hai / grataH usake kendra meM sukha prApti kI grabhilApA bhI grantanihita hai, aura sukha ke sAtha jIne kI abhilASA meM pratikUlatA janya vedanA, duHkha se vacane kI vRtti honA bhI zravazyaMbhAvI hai / isIliye saMsAra kA pratyeka prANI sukha cAhatA hai aura du:kha se dUra bhAgatA hai / sukhI honA usakA parama lakSya hai / isake liye vaha pUrNa prayatna karatA hai, sAdhanasAmagrI juTAtA hai, phira bhI lakSya - siddhi meM asaphalatA milatI hai to usakA mUla kAraNa haigrAtma-vismRti | grAtma vismRti ke kAraNa hI maiM kauna hUM, merA kyA svarUpa hai, merA kyA kartavya hai aura kauna-sA mArga mere liye zreyaskara evaM sukhadAyaka hai Adi bAtoM kA use bhAna hI nahIM hotA hai / pariNAmataH vaha para-padArtho meM rAga karatA hai aura unase sukha pAne kI ceSTA karatA hai | lekina jaba unase sukha prApta nahIM hotA hai, taba vaha unase dvepa karane lagatA hai / rAga AkarSaNa kA aura dveSa vikarSaNa kA siddhAnta hai / rAga se 'para' meM 'sva' kA grAropaNa kiyA jAtA hai evaM 'sva' 'para' bana jAtA hai / sva-para rAga-dvepa, zrAkarSaNa vikarpaNa ke kAraNa sadaiva saMgharSa grathavA dvandva banA rahatA hai / ye donoM granyonyAzrita haiM aura ina donoM ke Azraya se prANI caMcala hokara saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai | satata abhyAsa janya ajJAna use vAhya vastunoM meM grAsakta rahane vAlA yA vahirmukhI banA detA hai / vaha para-padArtho kI prApti-prApti yA saMyoga-viyoga meM apane ko sukhI yA duHkhI mAnane lagatA hai / jIne kI icchA kevala manuSya meM hI nahIM, sukSmAtisUkSma jIvoM taka meM bhI pAI jAtI hai | ve bhI jIvita rahanA cAhate haiM / parantu unakI dRSTi vartamAna dehika - jIvana se Age nahIM bar3hatI hai aura ve Age yA pIche ke jIvana ke bAre meM kucha soca ho nahIM sakate haiM / pariNAmataH sukha-prApti aura dukha nivRtti kI abhilApA hone para bhI ve heyopAdeya kA viveka na hone apane-apane kSetra evaM samaya sambandhI sukha-duHkha bhogate rahate haiM /

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180 dArganika saMdarbha AdhyAtmika jJAna-jyoti : itanA hone para bhI yaha to nirvivAda hai ki pratyeka prANI isa sthiti se chuTakArA pAne ke liye lAlAyita rahatA hai / AdhyAtmika jJAna-jyoti kI laghutama kiraNa sadaiva usake aMtaraMga ko prakAzita karatI rahatI hai / astitva kA yaha sAratattva pratyeka prANI ke andara avasthita hai, jisase vaha kisI bhI vikaTatama sthiti meM heyopAdeya ke viveka dvArA mohonmAda ko upazAMta karane ke prayatna meM juTa jAtA hai / isa prakAra jIne kI icchA, sukhAbhilApA evaM duHkha ke pratikAra kI bhAvanA meM hI AdhyAtmikatA kA vIja nihita hai / isa AdhyAtmika utkarSa ke dvArA hI vyakti bahirmukhatA evaM vAsanAoM se vinirmukta hokara zuddha sata-cityAnanda ghana rUpa AtmasvarUpa kI ora agrasara hotA hai / isake vikAsonmukhI yA vikasita rUpa dvArA hI samagra prANadhAriyoM kI pragati kA aMkana kiyA jA sakatA hai / AtmA kA jJAna honA, samajhanA saMbhava hai / lekina vaha kevala viveka dvArA nahIM varan sampUrNa vyaktitva dvArA saMbhava hai / isake lie Avazyaka hai-yAtmAnuzAsana kI, lAlasA aura usake sahayogI bhaya ghRNA aura cintA para vijaya pAne kI / vAsanAoM para vijaya pAne vAlA apane hI bhItara prAtmA ke saundarya ko dekha sakatA hai| AdhyAtmika jJAna kA artha hai, sabhI jIva-dhAriyoM meM vyakta eka adRzya vAstavikatA ke prati AsthA, Atmika anubhava kA mahatva aura saMskAroM evaM siddhAntoM kI sApekSatA / , yAdhyAtmikatA kA anubhava prayoga siddha nahIM hai varan bhAvanAtmaka hai aura usake sAtha anubhava kA sambandha jur3A huA hai| bhAvanA anubhUti hai aura usakA vedana 'sva' meM hI hotA hai| yadi hama sacetana ko kevala pArthiva athavA parivartanazIla vicAroM kA piMDa samajhe to samajha nahIM sakeMge / vaha sRSTi kI prakriyA kA vyartha padArtha nahIM hai / vaha AdhyAtmika prANI hai aura jaba usakA svAbhAvika jIvana prArambha hotA hai, tabhI usake AdhyAtmika astitva kA patA calatA hai| sacetana sRSTi ke samasta prANadhAriyoM meM mAnava-jIvana kA mahattvapUrNa evaM viziSTa sthAna hai| usakI apanI maulika vizeSatAyeM haiM, jo anya prANadhAriyoM meM nahIM pAI jAtI haiN| mAnava aura pazu Adi sacetana haiM lekina mAnava meM vivekayukta cetanA kA prAdurbhAva hai| vaha aMdhI bhautika zaktiyoM kA zikAra nahIM hai, varan apane bhaviSya ke nirmANa meM svayaM agrasara hotA hai / pazu nakala karake hI kucha sIkhate haiM, kintu anubhava se sIkhane kI kSamatA kA sarvAdhika vikAsa mAnava meM hI ho pAyA hai| vikAsa kA sahI artha : Adhunika yuga vikAsa kA yuga avazya kahalAtA hai parantu vikAsa ke sahI artha ko na samajha kara vikAsa kI bAteM hote dekhakara vismaya hotA hai| bhautika sampadA kI vRddhi bAstavika vikAsa nahIM hai, lekina Aja vikAsa kA yahI artha mAnA jAtA hai / vikAsa do

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adhyAtma vijJAna se hI mAnavIya mUlyoM kI pratiSThA saMbhava prakAra ke haiM-- zArIrika aura mAnasika / zArIrika vikAsa to pazu-pakSiyoM taka meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai| khAna-pAna, sthAna yAdi kI suvidhA mile aura cintA bhaya nahIM rahe to pazupakSI bhI balavAna aura puSTa ho jAte haiM / lekina manuSya aura pazu-pakSiyoM ke zArIrika vikAsa kA aMtara dhyAna dene yogya hai / kyA manuSya kA zArIrika vikAsa kevala khAna-pAna aura rahana-sahana Adi kI pUrI suvidhA aura nizciMtatA se hI siddha ho sakatA hai ? manuSya ke zArIrika vikAsa ke pIche pUrA buddhi-yoga ho, tabhI vaha samucita rUpa se siddha ho sakatA hai arthAt manuSya kA pUrNa aura samucita vikAsa ( zArIrika aura mAnasika) vyavasthita aura jAgRta buddhi-yoga kI apekSA rakhatA hai / mAnava-jAti kI mahatvapUrNa vizeSatA yahI hai ki use sahaja buddhi ko dhAraNa karane yA paidA karane kI sAmarthya yA yogyatA prApta hai, jo vikAsa kA, sAdhAraNa vikAsa kA mukhya sAdhana hai / isako vikasita karane ke liye prAdhyAtmika grAloka kI ora agrasara hone kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai aura usakI sAdhanA meM mAnava jIvana kI kRtArthatA hai | lekina mAnasika vikAsa ke mUlAvAra vauddhika, grAdhyAtmika cintana kI upekSA kara saMsAra ko hI saba kucha mAnA jAye to phira vikAsa ho kaise ? vinA bIja ke aMkura kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai / grAMkhoM meM padArthoM ko dekhane kI zakti na ho to unheM dekhA nahIM jA sakatA hai / isIse mAnavIya mastiSka meM vikRti hai aura zrAtmA rogagrasta hai / zAzvata ke prati grAsthAhInatA hI vipama vyAdhi hai aura vizva kI prazAnti kA kAraNa hai / 181 apanA astitva aura grAtmA kI nirmalatA ko banAye rakhanA, tathA grAdhyAtmika pavitratA ko prApta karanA hI mAnava jIvana kA lakSya hai / grAtmaparakatA kA siddhAnta hI usake pRthak grastitva kA mUlAdhAra hai / mAnava kevala bhautika saMpatti, yahAM taka ki jJAnArjana se hI saMtuSTa nahIM ho sakatA hai / saccA aizvarya yAtmika hai, bhautika nahIM hai / usakA uddezya zrAtmasAkSAtkAra karanA hai / yahI svataMtratA hai aura asIma svataMtratA meM mukti hai / prAdhyAtmikatA ke prati lagAva ke liye deza aura kAla kI lakSmaNa rekhA nahIM khIMcI jA sakatI hai / prAcIna aura grarvAcIna jitanI bhI sabhyatAyeM aura saMskRtiyAM haiM, sabhI ne adhyAtma jJAna ke prati zraddhA vyakta kI hai aura kisI na kisI rUpa meM carama adhyAtmadazApanna ko upAsanA kA pratIka mAna kara apane prAdhyAtmika vikAsa kA lakSya rakhA hai| unhoMne mAnA hai ki AtmA vyakti kA sabase mahatvapUrNa aMga hai, kyoMki usakA saMbaMdha zAzvata jagat se hai, nazvara jagat se nahIM hai aura usakA jIvana grananta hai / zrAtmA kI nidhi ko pahacAneM : mahattva hai / grAja bhautika vijJAna kI dRSTi meM manuSya mUlataH eka bauddhika prAraNI hai, jo tarkasaMgata DhaMga se soca sakatA hai aura upayogitAvAdI siddhAntoM ke anusAra kArya kara sakatA hai / lekina cauddhika yogyatA kI apekSA grAdhyAtmika jJAna aura sahAnubhUti kA adhika hama itane daridra ho gaye haiM ki apanI grAtmA kI nidhi ko pahacAna hI apane jIvana kI daur3adhUpa aura kolAhala meM apane astitva ke aba bodhaka svaroM kI ora hama dhyAna nahIM dete / hama una vastuoMoM se adhika paricita hai, jo hamAre pAsa haiM aura unase kama, jo ki hama svayaM haiM / nahIM sakate haiM /

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182 dAnika maMdarbha jaba taka hama bahirmukhI jIvana bitAte haiM aura apanI prAntarika gaharAiyoM ko thAha nahIM lete, taba taka hama jIvana ke artha athavA dhAtmA ke rahasyoM ko samajha nahIM sakate haiN| jo loga satahI jIvana jIte haiM, unheM svabhAvataH hI yAtmika jIvana meM koI zraddhA nahIM hotI hai / parantu jaba eka bAra vyakti yAtmika svataMtratA prApti hetu 'sva' ko kendra banA letA hai, taba usameM itanI adhika zakti aura sthiratA A jAtI hai ki vaha pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM bhI apanI zAnti aura zakti ko banAye rakhane meM samartha hotA hai| mAnavIya prayatna kA aMtima lakSya prAtmA kI parama prazAntatA prApta karanA hai| ___ vyakti ke jIvana kI prAdhArazilA AdhyAtmika paramparAyeM haiM aura unake liye AvazyakatA hai-yAtmAnuzAsana ko, yAtma kendrita hone kI aura prAdhyAtmika pravRtti kii| AdhyAtmika cintana-manana aura AtmA-paramAtmA kI carcA-vArtA karanA mAtra dharmasthAnoM kI paridhi taka sImita nahIM hai / yaha to pratikSaNa ke jIvana kA aMga hai| inake svaroM ko, suniye / prAdhyAtmika cintana sarvajanahitAya hai, saba jIvoM ke kalyANa ke liye hai| yaha to sabake mana ko pavitra banA kara antajyoti jagAtA hai| prAcyAtmika jAgRti kA kArya vastutaH zreSThatama kArya hai, isake liye jijJAsu vyakti tatpara ho sakatA hai| __ acche jIvana aura sAmAjika vyavasthA ke kendra meM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kI sarvoccatAko svIkAra karanA hI hogA / bhramavaza bhautika zarIra yA buddhi ko hI prAtmA nahIM samajha lenA caahiye| buddhi, mana aura zarIra kI apekSA adhika gaharI bhI koI vastu hai-vaha hai AtmA, jo samasta ziva, satya aura sundara ke sAtha ekAkAra hai : mAnava ko na kevala takanIkI dakSatA prApta karanI hai, apitu prAtmA kI mahAnatA bhI prApta karanI hai| jaba taka mAnava apane antanihita svabhAva ko nahIM pahicAna letA, taba taka vaha pUrI taraha 'svayaM' nahIM hotA hai| kucha hama se chUTa gayA hai : bhautika unnati se hameM saMtopa nahIM ho sakatA hai / yadi hamAre pAsa khAne ke liye aTUTa anna bhaMDAra ho, vividha vyaMjanoM ke ambAra surakSita hoM, AvAgamana ke mucArU parivahana hoM, vizva meM pratikSaNa ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAoM kI jAnakArI ke liye Avazyaka suvidhAyeM sulabha hoM, zArIrika rogoM kA damana evaM unmUlana bhI ho jAye aura pratyeka vyakti dIrghAyu taka jIvita bhI rahane lage, tava bhI parama satya ke liye AkAMkSA banI hI rhegii| - zarIra, mastiSka aura AtmA ina tInoM ke svAbhAvika sAmaMjasya ke nirvAha se vyakti sukhI ho sakatA hai / lekina Aja ke yuga meM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ko bhulA kara hama mastiSka kI upalabdhiyoM para adhika jora dene lage haiM / vaijJAnika AviSkAroM aura khojoM ne adhikAdhika samRddhi utpanna karadI, akAla para lagabhaga vijaya prApta karalI gaI, plega aura mahAmAriyoM jaisI jIvana kI dukhada ghaTanAoM para niyantraNa kara liyA, sAmAjika vyavasthA ke viSaya meM vizvAsa aura surakSA kI bhAvanA vizva meM phailI, lekina prema, saundarya aura Ananda kI usa vyavasthA ko vikRta banA diyA, jo prAtmA ke vikAsa ke liye atyAvazyaka hai /

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adhyAtma vijJAna se hI mAnavIya mUlyoM kI pratiSThA saMbhava 183 isI kAraNa hama duHkhI haiN| hamArI yAtmika zaktiyAM kama hotI jA rahI haiM tathA mastiSka kI upalabdhiyoM kA anupAta bhayotpAdaka sImA taka pahuMca gayA hai / hama pRthvI aura AkAza ko apane adhikAra meM mAnate-se haiM, paramANu aura nakSatroM ke rahasya ko samajhane kA dAvA karate haiM, kintu AzaMkAoM se ghire hue haiM / hama uccatama zaila-zikharoM yA pRthvI ke aMtima choroM para jhaMDA gAr3ane ke liye to parizrama karate haiM aura kaSTa sahane ke lie taiyAra haiM, kintu una vicAroM ke liye nahIM, jinheM ki hama svayaM anusaraNIya mAnate haiM / hamameM se adhikAMza loga yAdhyAtmika jJAna ko aisI AsAnI se saMbhAla lenA cAhate haiM, jaise hama samudra ke kinAre par3I sIpI ko uThA lete haiM, pustakoM kI dukAna se pustakeM lete haiM yA auSadhi-vikretA se auSadhi le lete haiM / vaise hI hama yaha AzA yA AkAMkSA rakhate haiM ki kucha samaya yA dhana dekara AdhyAtmika jJAna kI upalabdhi kara lI jAyagI, kyoMki hamameM adhyavasAyapUrvaka khoja karane kI zakti yA dhairya nahIM hai| nizcaya hI kucha aisA pratIta hotA hai, jo hamase chUTa gayA hai yA jisase hama dUra, ati dUra cale jA rahe haiM / yadi hama apanI AtmA ko gaMvA kara sAre saMsAra ko bhI prApta karaleM to usakA koI lAbha yA mUlya nahIM hai / Azcaryajanaka takanIkI upalabdhiyoM aura bhautika vijJAna ke AviSkAroM ke kAraNa aneka logoM kA dRSTikoNa ho gayA hai ki bhautika hI satya hai, prayogasiddha sthApanAyeM hI satya haiM / prayogoM dvArA siddha na kI jA sakane vAlI sthApanAyeM sahI nahIM haiM / nItizAstra aura AdhyAtmavidyA kI sthApanAroM kA koI artha nahIM hai / AdhyAtma yA to mAnava ke ahaMkAra kA vyartha prayAsa hai, jo samajha se pare ke viSayoM kI chAnabIna karatA hai, yA lokapracalita andhavizvAsoM kI chAyA hai ki jisane ucita rIti se apanI rakSA na kara pAne para apanI kamajorI ko DhaMkane aura surakSita rahane ke liye kaMTIlI jhAr3iyAM lagA dI haiM / yaha yathArtha vijJAna nahIM hai| isI prakAra durbhAgyavaza vijJAna aura takanIkI upalabdhiyoM se AkRSTa hamAre 'yuga ke kucha netA bhI mAnava ko eka vizuddha yAMtrika, bhautika aura svayaMcalita icchAoM se nirmita prANI samajhate hai / ve mAnava kI maulika pravRttiyoM para to jora dete haiM, kintuM usake antas meM upasthita uccatara pavitratA ko bhUle-se lagate haiM / hamAre yuga kA roga haiaAsthAhInatA / isI kAraNa hama AdhyAtmika rUpa se visthApita haiM aura hamArI sAMskRtika jar3eM ukhar3a cukI haiN| apane pApa meM jInA sIkheM : apane bhautika vAtAvaraNa ko kAbU meM rakhane kI hamArI asImita kSamatA se kahIM adhika mahatvapUrNa hai. 'sva' ko jAnanA aura svayaM ke sAtha sambaddha rahanA / viveka kI upasthiti hamArI mAnavatA kI gAraNTI nahIM hai / mAnava banane ke liye hameM viveka ke sAtha kisI aura vastu kI bhI AvazyakatA hai / saMbhAvya vinAza ko dUra karane ke liye Avazyaka hai ki hama apane Apa meM jInA siikheN| isake liye nizcaya hI AdhyAtmikatA kI khoja karanA hogA, mAnavIya vyaktitva kA samAdara karanA hogaa| abhimAna aura ghRNA se mAnava svabhAva cAhe jitanA kalupita ho cukA ho kintu usake bhItara virAjita devatva ko samApta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa niSThA ke dvArA hama andhakAra se prakAza meM pahuMcate haiM / jaba AtmA

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184 dArzanika saMdarbha apanI hI gaharAiyoM meM apane hI jIvana aura sampUrNa yathArtha ke AdhAra ko prApta kara letI hai una samaya usakI anubhUti aura Ananda ko kisI bhI bhASA meM vyakta karanA asaMbhava hai / 'prANImAtra me prema karo' aisA kahanA aura sunanA sundara pratIta hotA hai, kintu prema karane kI kSamatA arjita karanA duSkara hai / grAdhyAtmika jIvana kA vikAsa hI vaha bala haiM jo prema karane kI kSamatA prApta karA sakatA hai / satya aura ImAnadArI, pavitratA aura gaMbhIratA, dayA aura kSamA jaise guNa yAtmika vodha se hI utpanna hote haiM / zrAtma-kendrIyatA se zAMti aura jIvana saukhya kI prApti hotI hai, 'grAtmavat sarvabhUteSu' kI bhAvanA kA sahI rUpa meM pradarzana hotA hai | jaba taka hamArI vAsanAoM aura abhilApAtroM kA hama para zAsana hai, taba taka hama par3ausI hI nahIM prANImAtra kA apamAna karate raheMge, unheM zAMti meM nahIM rahane deMge aura apanI hiMsAtmaka pravRttiyoM, lolupatA evaM IrSyA Adi se grasta raheMge evaM iname paripUrNa saMsthAoM aura samAjoM kA nirmANa karate raheMge / hama jisa saMsAra meM rahate haiM aura jisa yuga ke uttarAdhikArI haiM, usameM tIvra vaimanasya aura uthala-puthala hai / hamane anyAyapUrNa vyavahAra kiyA hai aura kara rahe haiM / buddha kA yahI kAraNa hai aura usame utpanna arAjakatA kA yahI kendra vindu hai | lekina isase mAnava zikSA grahaNa nahIM kara sakA / yaMtraNApUrNa sthiti se nikala jAne para apane anta meM jhAMkane kA prayAsa karanA cAhiye thA, kintu aisA nahIM huA / isake viparIta bhautika vijJAna kI upalabdhiyoM se una grAvyAtmika mUlyoM para dhyAna denA banda kara diyA, jinake dvArA mAnava kI pragati kA mUlyAMkana kiyA jA sakatA thA / yaha ThIka hai ki bhautika vijJAna kI upalabdhiyAM hamAre svAsthya, samRddhi, avakAza yA jIvana kI abhivRddhi meM sahAyaka ho sakatI haiM, lekina hama unakA upayoga kyA karate haiM ? kabhI-kabhI hama kahate haiM ki graraNuvama yA hAiDrojana bama zAMti sthApanA aura yuddhoM ko rokane meM samartha hai | lekina gaMbhIratA se vicAra kare to ve mAnava ke liye eka cunautI hai, usake viveka kI kasauTI hai, grAvyAtmika vikAsa kI pukAra hai / samasyA kA samAdhAna ghAtaka zastra nahIM, vaha to mAnasika aura AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke ekIkaraNa se saMbhava hai / yAtmika mUlyoM aura mastiSka kI upalabdhiyoM ke bIca tanAva kama karane ke prayAsa meM hI hameM mAnavIya grAtmA ke Adarza ke darzana hoMge / yuddha kI anupasthiti athavA yuddhoM ko roka denA hI zAnti nahIM hai, kiMtu yaha eka mudRr3ha vanbutvabhAvanA ke vikAsa para nirbhara hai / granya logoM ke vicAroM aura mUlyoM ko ImAnadArI se samajhane ke prayAsa se saMbhava hai aura isake liye Avazyaka hai ki hama AvyAtmika mahattA ko apane Apa meM pratiSThita kareM / Rti samIpI aikya ko, vicAroM ke milana kI, bhAvanAoM ke saMyoga kI prAvazyakatA hai / jaba mAnava ke cAntarika jIvana kI mahattA kA jJAna bar3hatA hai taba bhautika yugoM aura samRddhi kA mahatva kama ho jAtA hai aura usa sthiti meM yuddhoM kI sambhAvanA nahIM raha sakatI hai / antardRSTi vikasita kareM : Atmika jagat meM rahane kA artha yaha hai ki hama isa saMsAra kI vAstavikatAoM ke

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adhyAtma vijJAna se hI mAnavIya mUlyoM kI pratiSThA saMbhava prati udAsIna na ho jAyeM / AdhyAtmika antardRSTi sAmAnyatayA acchAI ke liye eka naI zakti ke rUpa meM pragaTa hotI hai / prAdhyAtmika mAnava isa saMsAra kI vAstavikatAoM se muMha nahIM mor3a letA hai apitu isa saMsAra meM adhika acchI sAmagrI aura AdhyAtmika paristhitiyAM utpanna karane ke eka mAtra uddezya se kArya karatA hai / darzana aura cintana, kalA aura sAhitya prAdi grAtmika cetanA ko tIvratara karane meM sahAyaka hote haiM / lekina grAja bauddhika pragati aura vaijJAnika unnati ke vAvajUda jo itanI asthiratA saMgharSa aura astavyastatA dikhalAI par3atI hai, vaha isI kAraNa ki hamane jIvana ke zrAdhyAtmika pahalU kI upekSA kara dI / 185 vijJAna AdhyAtmikatA kA pratipakSo nahIM hai, virodha nahIM karatA hai / lekina usake prastutIkaraNa kA rUpa aura usase prApta pariNAma bhayAvaha avazya haiM / vaijJAnika upalabdhiyoM ko amaMgalakArI uddezyoM kI pUrti meM lagAne se vijJAna kI AtmA ko hI dUSita kara diyA hai / vaijJAnika zikSA kA uddezya mAnava ke dRSTikoNa aura ruci ko adhama va bhautika kAryo taka sImita kara denA nahIM hai / vijJAna kI ThIka samajha AtmA kI vividha zaktiyoM kI pradarzaka hai / vijJAna kA vikAsa una manISiyoM kI manIpA kA supariNAma hai, jinheM jJAna, kauzala aura mUlyAMkana kI kSamatA prApta hai / mAnava paramANu kA bhaMjana isIliye kara sakA hai ki usake bhItara paramANu se zreSThatara kA astitva hai / bhautika upalabdhiyAM to usakI sAkSI mAnI jAyeMgI ki mAnava cetanA kyA kucha kara sakatI hai aura kyA-kyA prApta kara sakI hai / yantroM ko hAvI na hone deM : vijJAna kA sAmAnyatayA yaha artha samajhA jAtA hai ki jisane aneka adbhuta grAvikAroM aura takanIkI yantroM ko janma diyaa| hamAre mana meM bhI yaha mAnane kI bhAvanA uThatI hai ki takanIkI pragati hI vAstavika pragati hai aura bhautika saphalatA hI sabhyatA kA mApadaNDa hai / yaha ThIka hai ki takanIkI AviSkAroM aura sabhyatA meM acche avasara aura acchI saMbhAvanAeM haiM, lekina sAtha hI bar3e-bar3e khatare bhI chipe hue haiM / yadi yantroM kA prabhutva sthApita ho gayA to hamArI sampUrNa pragati vyartha ho jAyegI / vijJAna aura takanIkI jJAna na acche haiM aura na bure / AvazyakatA unheM niSiddha karane kI nahIM varan niyantrita rakhane aura ucita upayoga kI hai / yantra mastiSka kI vijaya ke pratIka haiM / ve upakaraNa haiM, jinakA zrAviSkAra mAnava ne apane Adarzo ko mUrta rUpa dene ke liye kiyA / hamAre grAdarza galata haiM to isakA dAyitva hamArA hai, yantroM kA nahIM / hamAre Adarza sahI hoM to yatroM kA upayoga anyAya ke nivAraNa, mAnavatA kI dazA sudhArane aura grAtmA kI paripakvatA prApta karane ke prayatna meM sahAyaka ho sakatA hai / khatarA tabhI hai, jaba ve prabhu ho jAyeM / takanIkI sabhyatA kA abhizApa yahI hai ki hamAre kAryoM ko grAtmA kA saMsparza nahIM milatA hai / mAnava ke zreSThatama aMza kA prakAzana nahIM ho pAtA hai aura vyakti vyaktigata pravRtti ko khokara cetanA kI sataha para jIvita rahatA hai aura vyaktitvavihIna ho jAtA hai, apanI jar3eM kho baiThatA hai / apane svAbhAvika saMdarbha se alaga jA pahuMcatA hai / vyakti ke abhimAna aura adhikAroM aura AtmA kI svAdhInatA ko takanIkI yuga meM surakSita rakhanA sarala kAma nahIM hai / AsthA ke punarjIvana se hI yaha saMbhava hai /

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186 dArzanika saMdarbha zrAdhyAtma vijJAna kI zrAvazyakatA : hama itihAsa ke eka nirAzAmaya yuga se gujara rahe haiN| yaha dAruNa vipatti apanI ghora prANaghAtakatA ke sAtha grAge bar3hatI hI jA rahI hai / Aja yaha saMsAra usa caTazAlA ke samAna mAlUma par3atA hai jo udaNDa, jiddI aura zarAratI baccoM ke kolAhala se pUrNa hai, jahAM ke bacce eka dUsare ke sAtha dhakkAmukkI kara rahe haiM, aura apanI bhautika saMpadAtroM rUpI bhadda khilaunoM kA pradarzana kara rahe haiN| hama zAMti kI kImata cukAne ko taiyAra nahIM haiM / zAMti kI kImata hai-- prAdhyAtmika svatantratA tathA niSThA ke AdhAra para vizva kI punarvyavasthA / grAtma-sAkSAtkAra se jaisA dRr3ha vizvAsa paidA hotA hai, vaisA dRr3ha vizvAsa vijJAna hameM nahIM de pAtA hai | hamArA prAMtarika jIvana rikta hai / hamane apane Apako itanA nizceSTa vanA liyA hai ki hama vivaza hokara hara prakAra ke pracAra tathA pradarzana ke zikAra bana gaye haiM / yadi hama nahIM saMbhalate to isameM saMdeha nahIM ki eka dUsarA andhayuga saMsAra ko zrAvRta kara legA / Adhunika yuga kI isa sthiti se paritrAraNa pAne ke liye prAdhyAtma vijJAna kI prAvazyakatA hai jo bhAvanAtmA ko mukta karatA ho, jo manuSya ke mana meM bhaya ko nahIM parantu grAsthA ko graupacArikatA ko nahIM, svAbhAvikatA ko, yaMtrika jIvana kI nIrasatA ko nahIM, naisargika jIvana kI rasAtmakatA ko bar3hAvA detA hai / ...

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3 ahiMsA ke AyAma : mahAvIra aura gAMdhI * zrI yazapAla jaina - ahiMsA ko zreSThatA : mAnava-jAti ke kalyANa ke lie ahiMsA hI eka mAtra sAdhana hai, isa tathya ko Aja sArA saMsAra svIkAra karatA hai, lekina kama hI loga jAnate haiM ki ahiMsA kI zreSThatA kI ora prAcIna kAla se hI bhAratavAsiyoM kA dhyAna rahA hai| vaidika kAla meM hiMsA hotI thI, yanoM meM pazuoM kI bali dI jAtI thI, lekina usa yuga meM bhI aise vyakti the, jo anubhava karate the ki jisa prakAra hameM duHkha-darda kA anubhava hotA hai, usI prakAra dUsare prANiyoM ko bhI hotA hai, ataH jIvoM ko mAranA ucita nahIM hai| Age calakara yaha bhAvanA aura bhI vikasita huI / "mahAbhArata ke zAMti-parva" meM hama bhISma pitAmaha ke muMha se sunate haiM ki hiMsA atyanta anarthakArI hai| usase na kevala manuSyoM kA saMhAra hotA hai, apitu jo jIvita raha jAte haiM, unakA bhI bhArI patana hotA hai / usa samaya aise vyaktiyoM kI saMkhyA kama nahIM thI, jo mAnate the ki yadi hiMsA se ekadama vacA nahIM jA sakatA to kama se kama unheM apane hAtha se to hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhiye / unhoMne yaha kAma kucha logoM ko sauMpa diyA jo bAda meM kSatriya kahalAye / brAhmaNa unase kahate the ki hama ahiMsA kA vrata lete haiM, hiMsA nahIM kareMge, lekina yadi hama para koI aAkramaNa kare athavA rAkSasa hamAre yajJa meM vAdhA DAleM, to tuma hamArI rakSA karanA / vizvAmitra brahmapi the, vanurvidyA meM niSNAta the, para unhoMne ahiMsA kA vrata le rakhA thaa| apane hAtha se kisI ko nahIM mAra sakate the| unhoMne rAma-lakSmaNa ko dhanupa-bANa calAnA sikhAyA aura apane yana kI surakSA kA dAyitva unheM sauNpaa| mArane kI zakti hAtha meM A jAne se kSatriyoM kA prabhutva bar3ha gyaa| ve zatru ke Ane para usakA sAmanA karate / dhIre-dhIre hiMsA unakA svabhAva bana gayA / java zatru na hotA to ve Apasa meM hI lar3a par3ate aura duHkha kA kAraNa banate / parazurAma se yaha sahana na hyaa| unhoMne dhanuSa-bANa uThAyA, pharasA liyA aura saMsAra se kSatriyoM ko samApta karane ke lie nikala par3e / jo bhI kSatriya milatA, use ve mauta ke ghATa utAra dete| kahate haiM, unhoMne ikkIsa vAra bhUmi ko kSatriyoM se khAlI kara diyA, lekina hiMsA kI jar3a phira bhI banI rahI / vizvAmitra ahiMsA ke atI the, ve svayaM hiMsA nahIM karate the, para dUsaroM se hiMsA

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dArzanika saMdarbha karavAne meM unheM hicaka nahI huI / parazurAma hiMsA se hiMsA sthApita karanA cAhate the / donoM kI hiMsA meM niSThA thI, kintu unakA mArga sahI nahIM thA / usameM hiMsA ke lie guMjAiza thI aura hiMsA se grahiMsA kI sthApanA ho nahIM sakatI thI / bahujana hitAya, bahujana sukhAya : bhagavAn buddha ne eka nayI dizA dI / samAja ke hita ko dhyAna meM rakha kara " bahujana hitAya, bahujana sukhAya" kA ghopa kiyA / unhoMne kahA "vaha kAma karo, jisameM vahusaMkhyaka logoM ko lAbha pahuMce, sukha mile" / isase spaSTa thA ki unhoMne mAraka kI maryAdA ko chUTa dI, arthAt jisa kArya se samAja ke adhikAMza vyaktiyoM kA hita sAdhana hotA ho use ucita ThaharAyA, bhale hI usase gralpasaMkhyakoM ke hitoM kI upekSA kyoM na hotI ho / mahAvIra aura zrAge bar3he : bhagavAn mahAvIra eka kadama Age bar3he / unhoMne sabake kalyANa kI kalpanA ko aura ahiMsA ko parama dharma mAnakara pratyeka prANI ke lie use anivArya ThaharAyA unhoMne kahA -- 188 " savve pAraNA piyA uyA, suhasAyA, dukkhapaDikUlatAgrappiyavahA / piya jIviNo jIvi ukAmA, ( tamhA) gAtivAejja kiMcaraNaM // arthAt sava prANiyoM ko Ayu priya hai, sava sukha ke abhilApI haiM, duHkha sabake pratikUla hai, vadha savako priya hai, saba jIne kI icchA rakhate hai, isase kisI ko mAranA athavA kaSTa nahIM pahu~cAnA cAhiye / hama dekhate haiM ki mahAvIra se pahale bhI aneka dharma-pravartakoM tathA mahApuruSoM ne hiMsA ke mahattva evaM usakI upAdeyatA para prakAza DAlA thA, lekina mahAvIra ne ahiMsA tattva kI jitanI vistRta, sUkSma tathA gahana mImAMsA kI, utanI zAyada hI aura kisI ne kI ho / unhoMne ahiMsA ko guNa sthAnoM meM prathama sthAna para rakhA aura usa tattva ko carama sImA taka pahuMcA diyA / kahanA hogA ki unhoMne ahiMsA ko saiddhAMtika bhUmikA para hI khar3A nahIM kiyA, use grAcararaNa kA gradhiSThAna bhI vanAyA | unakA kathana thA - sayaM tivAyae pANe, duvannehi dhAyae / harataM vAraNujAragAi, deraM vaDDhai apparago // ( jo manuSya prANiyoM kI svayaM hiMsA karatA hai. dUsaroM se hiMsA karavAtA hai aura hiMsA karane vAloM kA anumodana karatA hai, vaha saMsAra meM apane lie baira bar3hAtA hai | ) hiMsA kI vyAkhyA karate hue ve kahate hai tesi accharaNa jo eva, niccaM hoyavvayaM siyA / maraNatA kAyavakkeNa, evaM havadU saMjaya || ( mana, vacana aura kAyA, inameM se kisI eka ke dvArA bhI kisI prakAra ke jIvoM kI hiMsA na ho, aisA vyavahAra hI saMyamI jIvana hai / aise jIvana kA nirantara dhAraNa hI grahitA hai 1 )

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186 hiMsA ke prAyAma : mahAvIra aura gAMdhI saba jIvoM ke prati grAtmabhAva rakhane, kisI ko trAsa na pahuMcAne kisI ke bhI prati vaira-virodha-bhAva na rakhane, apane karma ke prati sadA vivekazIla rahane, nirbhaya banane, dUsaroM ko abhaya dene, Adi-Adi bAtoM para mahAvIra ne vizeSa bala diyA, jo svAbhAvika hI thA / mAnava-jIvana ko UrdhvagAmI banAne aura samAja meM phailI nAnA prakAra kI vyAdhiyoM ko dUra karake use sthAyI sukha aura zAMti pradAna karane ke abhilApI mahAvIra ne samasta carAcara prANiyoM ke bIca samatA lAne aura unheM eka sUtra meM vAMdhane kA prayatna kiyA / unakA siddhAnta thA "jIyo aura jIne do" arthAt yadi tuma cAhate ho ki sukhapUrvaka jIvana vyatIta karo to usake lie grAvazyaka hai ki dUsaroM ko bhI usI prakAra jIne kA avasara do / unhoMne samaSTi ke hita meM vyaSTi ke hita ko samAviSTa kara dene kI preraNA dI / vaiyaktika tathA sAmAjika jIvana ko vikRta karane vAlI sabhI burAiyoM kI ora unakA dhyAna gayA aura unheM dUra karane ke lie unhoMne mArga sujhAyA mahAvIra kI ahiMsA prema ke vyApaka vistAra meM se upajI thI / unakA prema asIma thA / vaha kevala manuSya jAti ko prema nahIM karate the, unakI karuNA samasta jIvadhAriyoM taka vyApaka thI / choTe-bar3e, UMca-nIca Adi ke bheda bhAva ko unake prema ne kabhI svIkAra nahIM kiyA / yahI kAraNa hai ki ahiMsA kA unakA mahAn Adarza pratyeka mAnava ke lie kalyANakArI thA / jisane rAjya chor3A, rAjasI aizvarya ko tilAMjali dI, bharI javAnI meM ghara-vAra se muMha mor3A, sArA vaibhava chor3akara akiMcana vanA aura jisane vAraha varSo taka durddharSaM tapasyA kI, usake grAtmika vala kI sahaja hI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI / mahAvIra ne rAta-dina apane ko tapAyA aura kaMcana bane / unakI grahisA vIroM kA grastra thI, durbala vyakti usakA upayoga nahIM kara sakatA thA / jo mArane kA sAmarthya rakhatA hai, phira bhI mAratA nahIM aura nirantara kSamAzIla rahatA hai, vahI ahiMsA kA pAlana kara sakatA hai / yadi koI cUhA kahe ki vaha villI para yAkramaNa nahIM karegA, usane use kSamA kara diyA hai, to use grahiMsaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / vaha dila meM villI ko kosatA hai, para usameM dama hI nahIM ki usakA kucha vigAr3a sake | isI se kahA hai- "kSamA vIrasya bhUparaNam" yahI bAta ahiMsA ke viSaya meM kahI jA sakatI hai / kAyara yA nirvIrya vyakti grahiMsaka nahIM ho sakatA / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mahAvIra ne ahiMsA kA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra kiyA aura use dharma kA zaktizAlI grAMga banAyA / usa jamAne meM pazu vadha Adi ke rUpa meM ghora hiMsA hotI thI / mahAvIra ne usake viruddha apanI AvAja UMcI kI / unhoMne logoM meM yaha vizvAsa paidA kiyA ki hiMsA asvAbhAvika hai / manuSya kA svAbhAvika dharma grahiMsA hai / usI kA anusaraNa karake vaha svayaM sukhI raha sakatA hai, dUsaroM ko sukhI rakha sakatA hai / isa dizA meM hama IsA ke yogadAna ko bhI nahIM bhUla sakate haiM / unhoMne hiMsA kA niSedha kiyA aura yahAM taka kahA ki yadi koI tumhAre eka gAla para tamAcA mAre to dUsarA gAla bhI usake sAmane kara do / unhoMne yaha bhI kahA ki tuma apane ko jitanA prema karate ho, utanA hI apane par3ausI ko bhI karo /

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190 dAzanika saMdarbha ahiMsA kA vyApaka pracAra : isake pazcAt ahiMsA ke pracAra ke bahuta se udAharaNa milate haiN| kaliMga yuddha meM eka lAkha vyaktiyoM ke mAre jAne se samrATa azoka kA mana kisa prakAra ahiMsA kI ora AkRSTa hayA, yaha sarvavidita hai| apane zilA-lekhoM meM azoka ne dharma kI jo zikSA dI, usameM ahiMsA ko sabase UMcA sthAna milA / terahavIM-caudahavIM sadI meM vaiSNava dharma kI lahara uThI / usane ahiMsA ke svara ko deza ke eka chora se dUsare chora taka pahuMcA diyaa| mahArASTra meM vArakarI sampradAya ne bhI isa kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA, aura bhI bahuta se mampradAyoM ne hiMsA ko rokane ke lie prayatna kie / santoM kI vANI ne lAkhoM-karor3oM naranAriyoM ko prabhAvita kiyaa| pariNAma yaha huA ki jo ahiMsA kisI samaya kevala tapazcaraNa kI vastu mAnI jAtI thI, usakI upayogitA jIvana tathA samAja meM vyApta huI / usake lie jahAM koI sAmUhika prayAsa nahIM hotA thA, vahAM aba bahuta se loga mila-julakara kAma karane lge| ina prayAsoM kA pratyakSa pariNAma dRSTigocara hone lgaa| jina manuSyoM aura jAtiyoM ne hiMsA kA tyAga kara diyA ve sabhya kahalAne lagIM, unheM samAja meM adhika sammAna milane lgaa| ahiMsA kI sAmAjikatA aura gAMdhI : lekina ahiMsA ke vikAsa kI yaha antima sImA nahIM thii| vartamAna avasthA taka pAne meM use kucha aura sIDhiyAM car3hanI thii| vaha avasara use yuga-puruSa gAMdhI ne diyaa| unhoMne dekhA ki nijI jIvana meM ahiMsA aura vAhya kSetra meM hiMsA, ye donoM cIjeM sAtha-sAtha nahIM cala sakatI, isalie unhoMne dhArmika hI nahIM sAmAjika, Arthika, rAjanaitika tathA anya sabhI kSetroM meM ahiMsA ke pAlana kA Agraha kiyaa| unhoMne kahA "hama logoM ke dila meM isa jhUThI mAnyatA ne ghara kara liyA hai ki ahiMsA vyaktigata rUpa se hI vikasita kI jA sakatI hai aura vaha vyakti taka hI maryAdita hai| vAstava meM bAta aisI nahIM hai / ahiMsA sAmAjika dharma hai aura vaha sAmAjika dharma ke rUpa meM vikasita kI jA sakatI hai, yaha manavAne kA merA prayatna aura prayoga hai|" itanA hI nahIM unhoMne yahAM taka kahA--- __ "agara ahiMsA vyaktigata guNa hai to vaha mere lie tyAjya vastu hai| merI ahiMsA kI kalpanA vyApaka hai / vaha karor3oM kI hai / maiM to unakA sevaka huuN| jo cIja karor3oM kI nahIM ho sakatI hai, vaha mere lie tyAjya hai aura mere sAthiyoM ke lie bhI tyAjya honI cAhiye / hama to yaha siddha karane ke lie paidA hue haiM ki matya aura ahiMsA vyaktigata AcAra ke hI niyama nahIM haiM, ve samudAya, jAti aura rASTra kI nIti ho sakate haiN| merA yaha vizvAsa hai ki ahiMsA hamezA ke lie hai, vaha AtmA kA guNa hai isalie vaha vyApaka hai, kyoMki prAtmA to sabhI ke hotI hai / ahiMsA sabake lie hai, saba jagahoM ke lie hai, saba samaya ke lie hai / agara vaha vAstava meM prAtmA kA guNa hai to hamAre lie vaha sahaja ho jAnA caahie|"

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hiMsA ke grAyAma : mahAvIra aura gAMdhI 161 ' logoM ne kahA - "satya aura ahiMsA vyApAra meM nahIM cala sakate / rAjanIti meM unakI jagaha nahIM ho sakatI / " aise vyaktiyoM ko uttara dete hue gAMdhI ne kahA "grAja kahA jAtA hai ki satya vyApAra meM nahIM calatA, rAjakAraNa meM nahIM calatA, to phira kahAM calatA hai ? agara satya jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM aura sabhI vyavahAroM meM nahIM cala sakatA to vaha kaur3I kImata kI cIja nahIM hai / jIvana meM usakA upayoga hI kyA rahA ? satya aura ahiMsA koI grAkAza-puSpa nahIM hai / unheM hamAre pratyeka zabda, vyApAra aura karma meM prakaTa honA cAhiye / " gAMdhIjI ne yaha sava kahA hI nahIM, usa para amala karake bhI dikhAyA / unhoMne prAcIna kAla se calI AtI grAhasA kI paramparA ko Age bar3hAyA, use nayA mor3a diyA / unhoMne jahAM vaiyaktika jIvana meM grahiMsA kI pratiSThA kI, vahAM use sAmAjika tathA rAjanaitika kAryoM kI AdhAra zilA bhI banAyA / grahiMsA ke vaiyaktika, evaM sAmUhika prayoga ke jitane dRSTAnta hameM gAMdhIjI ke jIvana meM milate haiM, utane kadAcit kisI dUsare mahApuruSa ke jIvana meM nahIM milate | hiMsA haMsA kI zrAMkha-micaunI : para durbhAgya se hiMsA aura grahiMsA kI grAMkhamicaunI Aja bhI cala rahI hai / gAMdhIjI ne apane grAtmika bala se hiMsA ko jo pratiSThA pradAna kI thI, vaha va kSINa ho gayI hai / hiMsA kI tejasvitA manda par3ha gayI hai, hiMsA kA svara prakhara ho gayA hai / isI se hama dekhate haiM ki Aja cAroM tarapha hiMsA kA bolabAlA hai / vijJAna kI kRpA se naye-naye prAvikAra ho rahe haiM aura zaktizAlI rASTroM kI prabhutA kA AdhAra vinAzakArI ANavika astra bane hue haiM / hirozimA aura nAgAsAkI ke nara-saMhAra kI kahAnI aura vahAM ke asaMkhya pIr3itoM kI karAha grAja bhI digdiganta meM vyApta hai, phira bhI rASTroM kI bhautika mahattvAkAMkSA tathA adhikAra - lipsA tRpta nahIM ho pA rahI hai / saMhAraka grastroM kA nirmANa tejI se ho rahA hai aura unakA prayoga zrAja bhI kucha rASTra vedhar3aka kara rahe haiM / hiMsA kI jar3eM gaharI haiM : lekina hama yaha na bhUleM ki hiMsA kI jar3oM bahuta gaharI haiM / unheM ukhAr3a pheMkanA sambhava nahIM hai / usakA vikAsa nirantara hotA gayA hai aura zrava bhI usakI pragati rukegI nahIM / hama do vizvayuddha dekha cuke haiM aura grAja bhI zItayuddha kI vibhIpikA dekha rahe haiM / vijetA ra parAjita, donoM hI anubhava kara rahe haiM ki yaha grasvAbhAvika sthiti adhika samaya taka calane vAlI nahIM hai / yAtAyAta ke sAdhanoM ne hai aura choTe-bar3e sabhI rASTra yaha mAnane lage haiM ki unakA surakSita raha sakatA hai / duniyA ko bahuta choTA kara diyA astitva yuddha se nahIM prema se para unameM abhI itanA sAhasa nahIM hai ki varSa meM 364 dina saMhAraka astroM kA nirmANa kareM aura 365veM dina una sAre grastroM ko samudra meM pheMka deM / hasA va naye mor3a para khar3I hai aura saMketa karake kaha rahI hai ki vijJAna ke

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162 dArzanika saMdarbha sAtha AdhyAtma ko joDo aura vaijJAnika prAvikAroM ko racanAtmaka dizA meM moDo / jIvana kA carama lakSya sukha aura zAnti hai / usakI upalabdhi saMgharSa se nahIM sadbhAva se hogI / ____ ahiMsA meM nirAzA ko sthAna nahIM / vaha jAnatI hai ki upA ke Agamana se pUrva rAtri ke antima prahara kA aMdhakAra gahanatama hotA hai / Aja vizva meM jo kucha ho rahA hai vaha isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki ava zIghra hI naye yuga kA udaya hogA aura saMsAra meM yaha viveka jAgrata hogA ki mAnava tathA mAnava-nIti se adhika zreSTha aura kucha nahIM hai| Aja nahIM to kala, kala nahIM to parasoM vaha dina AyegA jaba rASTra nayA sAhasa baTora pAyeMge aura vIra-zAsana ke sarvodaya-tIrtha tathA gAMdhI ke rAmarAjya kI kalpanA ko caritArtha kreNge|

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SaSThama khaNDa 000 vaijJAnika saMdarbha

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34 jaina darzana aura vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa muni zrI suzIlakumAra * satya kI upalabdhi : tattva kA jJAna tapasyA evaM sAdhanA para nirbhara hai / satya kI upalabdhi itanI sarala nahIM hai ki anAyAsa hI vaha hAtha laga jAya / jo niSThAvAn sAdhaka jitanI adhika tapasyA aura sAdhanA karatA hai, use utane hI guhya tattva kI upalabdhi hotI hai / pUrvavartI tIrthaGkaroM kI bAta chor3adeM aura carama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke hI jovana para dRSTipAta kareM to spaSTa vidita hogA ki unako tapasyA aura sAdhanA anupama aura asAdhAraNa thI / bha0 mahAvIra sAr3he bAraha varSoM taka nirantara kaThora tapazcaryA karate rahe / usa asAdhAraNa tapazcaryA kA phala bhI unheM asAdhAraNa hI milA / ve tattvavodha kI usa carama sImA kA sparza karane meM saphala ho sake, jise sAdhAraNa sAdhaka prApta nahIM kara pAte / vAstava meM jainadharma ke siddhAntoM meM pAI jAne vAlI khUbiyAM hI unakA rahasya hai / jaMna mAnyatAeM yadi vAstavikatA kI sudRr3ha nIMva para avasthita vijJAnasammata haiM to unakA rahasya bhagavAn mahAvIra kA tapojanya paripUrNa tattvajJAna hI hai / sRSTi racanA kI prakriyA : udAharaNa ke lie sRSTi racanA ke ho prazna ko le lIjiye, jo dArzanika jagat meM atyanta mahattvapUrNaM zrAdhArabhUta hai / vizva meM koI darzana yA mata na hogA, jisameM isa gambhIra prazna kA uttara dene kA prayAsa na kiyA gayA ho / kyA prAcIna, aura kyA navIna, sabhI darzana isa prazna para apanA dRSTikoNa prakaTa karate haiM / magara vaijJAnika vikAsa ke isa yuga meM unameM adhikAMza uttara kalpanAmAtra pratIta hote haiM / isa sambandha meM mahAtmA buddha vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiM, jinhoMne binA kisI saMkoca yA jhijhaka ke spaSTa kaha diyA ki loka kA prazna avyAkRta hai- aniriMgata hai / isakA Azaya yahI liyA jA sakatA hai ki lokavyavasthA ke sambandha meM nirNayAtmaka rUpa se kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / isa spaSTokti ke lie gautama vuddha dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiM, magara loka ke viSaya meM hamAre antaHkaraNa me jijJAsA sahaja rUpa se udita hotI hai, usakI tRpti isa uttara se nahIM ho pAtI / aura jaba hama jijJAsA tRpti ke lie kI ora dhyAna dete haiM, tava nirAzA kA sAmanA isa viSaya ke vibhinna darzanoM ke uttara karanA par3atA hai / sRSTi racanA ke viSaya meM aneka prazna hamAre samakSa upasthita hote haiM / prathama yaha

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196 vaijJAnika saMdarbha ki sRSTi kA vidhivata nirmANa huA hai yA nahIM ? agara nirmANa huA hai, to isakA nirmAtA kauna hai ? yadi nirmANa nahIM huA to sRSTi kahAM se pAI ? sRSTi nirmANa se pahale kyA sthiti thI ? ___ ina praznoM para dArzanika kabhI sahamata nahIM ho sake / eka kahatA hai......."sRSTi deva ke dvArA utpanna kI gaI hai / " to dUsarA kahatA hai....... "brahma yA brahmA ne isakI racanA kI hai / " kisI kA mata hai ki Izvara isakA nirmAtA hai, aura kisI ke matAnusAra prakRti se sRSTi banI hai / koI svayaMbhU ko sRSTi kA kartA kahate haiM / koI aNDe se usakI utpatti batalAte haiM / unakI mAnyatA ke anusAra yaha carAcara vizva, aNDe se utpanna humA hai / jaba saMsAra meM koI bhI vastu nahIM thI taba brahmA ne pAnI meM eka aNDA utpanna kiyA bar3hate-bar3hate vaha vIca meM se phaTa gyaa| usake do bhAgoM meM se eka se Urdhva-loka kI aura dUsare se adholoka kI utpatti huii| __ koI svabhAva se sRSTi kI utpatti svIkAra karate haiM, koI kAla se, koI niyati se aura koI yadRcchA se / sRSTi se pahale kauna-sA tattva thA, isa viSaya meM bhI vibhinna darzanoM meM mataikya nahIM haiM / kisI ke mantavya ke anusAra sRSTi se pahale jagat asat thA......."asaddhA idamana AsIt" dUsare kahate haiM-"sadaiva somyedamagna AsIt" arthAta he saumya ! jagat sRSTi pahale sat thA / kisI kA kahanA hai-"AkAzaH parAyaNam" arthAt sRSTi se pUrva aAkAza-tattva vidyamAna thA / koI isa mantavya ke viruddha kahate haiM:-"naveha kincanAna prAsIt" / 'mRtyunaivedamAvRtamAsIt' arthAt sRSTi se pahale kucha bhI nahIM thA, sabhI kucha mRtyu se vyApta thA, arthAt pralaya ke samaya naSTa ho cukA thaa| abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaise sRSTi-racanA ke sambandha meM aneka mAnyatAeM hai, usI prakAra sRSTipUrva kI sthiti ke sambandha meM bhI paraspara viruddha mantavya hamAre samakSa upasthita haiN| sRSTi prakriyA sambandhI ina paraspara viruddha mantavyoM kI AlocanA jaina darzana meM vistArapUrvaka kI gayI hai / use yahAM prastuta karane kA avakAza nahIM, tathApi yaha samajhane meM koI kaThinAI nahIM ho sakatI ki ina kalpanAoM ke pIche koI vaijJAnika AdhAra nahIM hai| yadi sRSTi se pUrva jagat sat mAna liyA jAya to usake naye sire se nirmANa kA prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotA / jo sat hai vaha to hai ho / yadi sRSTi se pUrva jagat ekAnta asat thA aura asat se jagat kI utpatti mAnI jAye to zUnya se vastu kA prAdurbhAva svIkAra karanA par3egA, jo tarka aura buddhi se asaMgata hai / isI prakAra sRSTinirmANa prakriyA bhI tarkasaMgata nahIM hai| jaina dharma kI mAnyatA : isa viSaya meM jaina dharma kI mAnyatA dhyAna dene yogya hai / jaina dharma ke anusAra jar3a aura cetana kA samUha yaha loka sAmAnya rUpa se nitya aura vizeSa rUpa se anitya hai / jar3a

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jaina darzana aura vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa 167 aura cetana meM aneka kAraNoM se vividha prakAra ke rUpAntara hote rahate haiM / eka jar3a padArtha java dUsare jar3a padArtha ke sAtha milatA hai taba donoM meM rUpAntara hotA hai, isI prakAra jar3a ke samparka se cetana meM bhI rUpAntara hotA rahatA hai / rUpAntara kI isa avirAma paramparA meM bhI hama mUla vastu kI sattA kA anugama spaSTa dekhate haiM / isa anugama kI apekSA se jar3a aura cetana anAdikAlIna haiM aura ananta kAla taka sthira rahane vAle haiM / sat kA zUnya rUpa meM pariNamana nahIM ho sakatA, aura zUnya se kabhI sat kA prAdurbhAva yA utpAda nahIM ho sakatA hai| paryAya ko dRSTi se vastuyoM kA utpAda aura vinAza avazya hotA hai parantu usake lie deva brahma, Izvara yA svayam kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, ataeva na to jagat kA kabhI sarjana hotA hai, na pralaya hI hotA hai / ataeva loka zAzvata hai / prANIzAstra ke vizeSajJa mAne jAne vAle zrI je. bI. esa. hAlDena kA mata hai ki-"mere vicAra meM jagat kI koI Adi nahIM hai / sRSTiviSayaka yaha siddhAMta akATya hai, aura vijJAna kA carama vikAsa bhI kabhI isakA virodha nahIM kara sktaa|" pRthvI kA AdhAra : prAcIna kAla ke dArzanikoM ke sAmane eka jaTila samasyA aura khar3I rahI hai / vaha hai isa bhUtala ke TikAva ke sambandha meM, yaha pRthvI kisa AdhAra para TikI hai / isa prazna kA uttara aneka manISiyoM ne aneka prakAra se diyA hai / kisI ne kahA....... "yaha zepa nAga ke pharaNa para TikI hai|" koI kahate haiM. "kachue kI pITha para ThaharI huI hai," to kisI ke mata ke anusAra "varAha dAr3ha para " ina saba kalpanAoM ke lie Aja koI sthAna nahIM raha gayA hai| jainAgamoM kI mAnyatA isa sambandha meM bhI vaijJAnika hai / isa pRthvI ke noce dhanodadhi (jamA huA pAnI) hai, usake nIce tanu-vAta hai aura tanuvAyu ke nIce AkAza hai| AkAza svapratiSThita hai, usake lie kisI aAdhAra kI AvazyakatA nahI hai / ___ lokasthiti ke isa svarUpa ko samajhAne ke lie eka bar3A hI sundara udAharaNa diyA gayA hai / koI purupa camar3e kI mazaka ko vAyu bhara kara, phulA de aura phira mazaka kA muMha majabUtI ke sAtha vAMdha de| phira mazaka ke madhya bhAga ko bhI eka rassI se kasa kara vAMdha de / isa prakAra karane se mazaka kI pavana do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho jAyagI aura mazaka DugaDugI jaisI dikhAI dene lgegii| tatpazcAt mazaka kA muMha khola kara UparI bhAga kA pavana nikAla diyA jAya aura usake sthAna para pAnI bhara kara punaH mazaka kA muMha kasa diyA jAya, phira bIca kA vandhana khola diyA jAya, aisA karane para mazaka ke UparI bhAga meM bharA huA jala Upara hI TikA rahegA, vAyu ke AdhAra para ThaharA rahegA, nIce nahIM jAegA, kyoMki mazaka ke UparI bhAga meM bhare pAnI ke lie vAyu prAdhAra rUpa hai / isI prakAra vAyu ke AdhAra para pRthvI Adi Thahare hue haiN| (bhagavatI sUtra za0 1. u0 6) sthAvara jIvoM kI jIvatvazakti : jaina dharma vanaspati, pRthvI, jala vAyu aura teja meM caitanya zakti svIkAra karake unheM

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198 ' vaijJAnika saMdarbha sthAvara jIva mAnatA hai| zrI jagadIzacandra vasu ne apane vaijJAnika parIkSaNoM dvArA banaspati kI sajIvatA pramANita karadI hai / usake pazcAt vijJAna, pRthvI kI jIvatvazakti ko svIkAra karane kI ora agrasara ho rahA hai / vikhyAta bhUgarbha vaijJAnika thI phrAMsisa ne apanI dazavarSIya bhUgarbhayAtrA ke saMsmaraNa likhate hue Ten years under earth nAmaka pustaka meM likhA hai ki ___"maine apanI ina vividha yAtrAoM ke daurAna meM pRthvI ke aise-aise svarUpa dekhe haiM, jo Adhunika padArtha vinAna se virodhI the| ve svarUpa vartamAna vaijJAnika sunizcita niyamoM dvArA samajhAye nahI jA sakate / " isake pazcAt ve apane hRdaya ke bhAva ko abhivyakta karate hue kahate haiM "to prAcIna vidvAnoM ne pRthvI meM jIvatvazakti kI jo kalpanA kI thI, kyA vaha satya hai ?" zrI phrAMsisa bhagarbha sambandhI anvepaNa kara rahe haiM / eka dina vaijJAnika jagat pRthvI kI sajIvatA svIkRta kara legA, aisI AzA kI jA sakatI hai| prAtmA kI ananta jJAnazakti : jaina dharma ke anusAra pratyeka prAtmA meM ananta jJAnazakti vidyamAna hai, parantu jaba taka vaha karma dvArA grAcchAdita hai, taba taka apane asalI svarUpa meM prakaTa nahIM ho paatii| jaba koI savala prAtmA AvaraNoM ko niHzeSa kara detI hai, to bhUta aura bhaviSya vartamAna kI bhAMti sApha dikhAI dene lagate haiM / suprasiddha manovaijJAnika DA0 je. bI. rAina ne anveSaNa karake aneka Azcaryajanaka tathya ghopita kiye haiN| una tathyoM ko bhautikavAda ke pakSapAtI vaijJAnika svIkAra karane meM hicaka rahe haiM, magara unheM amAnya bhI nahIM kara sakate haiM / eka dina ve tathya antima rUpa se svIkAra kiye jAyeMge, aura usa dina vijJAna prAtmA tathA sampUrNa jJAna (kevalajJAna) kI jaina mAnyatA para apanI svIkRti kI mohara lgaaegaa| dhyAna aura yoga jana-sAdhanA ke pradhAna aGga haiM / jaina dharma kI mAnyatA ke anusAra dhyAna aura yoga ke dvArA vismayajanaka AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM kI abhivyakti kI jA sakatI hai / aAdhunika vijJAna bhI isa mAnyatA ko svIkAra karane ke lie agrasara huyA hai| isa sambandha meM prasiddha vidvAn DA0 grevAlTara kI The Leaving Brain nAmaka pustaka paThanIya hai| jJAna ko viSAkta banane se rokane kI kalA : ___ darzana zAstra kA uddezya zuddha bodha kI upalabdhi aura usake dvArA samasta vandhanoM se vimukti pAnA hai| manuSya kA antima lakSya mukti hai, kyoMki mukti vinA zAzvata zAnti kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI / bodha mukti kA sAvana hai, magara yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki vaha dudhArI khar3aga hai / jJAna ke sAtha agara namratA hai, udAratA hai, niSpakSatA hai, sAtvika jijJAsA hai, sahipragutA hai, to hI jJAna aAtmavikAsa kA sAdhana banatA hai / isake viparIta

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jaina darzana aura vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa 166 jJAna ke sAtha yadi udaNDatA, saMkIrNatA, pakSapAta evaM asahiSNutA utpanna ho jAtI hai to vaha adhaHpatana kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| mAnavIya daurbalya se utpanna yaha avAMchanIya vRttiyAM amRta ko bhI vipa banA detI haiM / jaina dharma ne usa kalA kA AviSkAra kiyA hai, jo jJAna ko vipAkta banane se rokatI hai| vaha kalA jJAna ko satya, ziva, aura sundara banAtI hai. usa kalA ko janadarzana ne anekAnta dRSTi kA nAma diyA hai, jisakA nirUpaNa pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| yaha dRSTi paraspara virodhI vAdoM kA prAdhAra samanvaya karane vAlI, paripUrNa satya kI pratiSThA karane vAlI aura buddhi meM udAratA, namratA, sahiSNutA aura sAtvikatA utpanna karane vAlI hai| dArzanika jagat ke lie yaha mahAn varadAna hai / ahiMsaka dRSTi kA vikAsa : ___ mAnava jAti ko mAMsa bhakSaNa kI avAMchanIyatA evaM aniSTakaratA samajhA kara mAMsAhAra se vimukha karane kA sUtrapAta jaina dharma ne hI kiyA hai / samasta dharmo kA AdhArabhUta aura pramukha siddhAMta ahiMsA hI hai / yaha mantavya banAne kA avakAza jaina dharma ne hI diyA hai / jaina dharma ne ahiMsA ko itanI dRr3hatA aura sabalatA ke sAtha apanAyA, aura jainAcAryo ne ahiMsA kA svarUpa itanI prakharatA ke sAtha nirUpaNa kiyA, ki dhIre-dhIre vaha sabhI dharmo kA aMga bana gaI / jaina dharmopadezakoM ko yadi sabase bar3I eka saphalatA mAnI jAya, to vaha ahiMsA kI sAdhanA hI hai / unakI vadaulata hI grAja ahiMsA vizvamAnya siddhAnta hai / dezakAla ke anusAra usakI vibhinna zAkhAeM prasphuTita ho rahI haiM / jaina dharma kI, ahiMsA ke rUpa meM eka mahAn dena hai, jise vizva ke manIpo kabhI bhala nahIM sakate / ___ yoM to bhagavAn Rpabhadeva ke yuga se hI ahiMsA tattva, prakAza meM A cukA thA, magara jAna par3atA hai ki madhyakAla meM punaH hiMsA-vRtti uttejita ho uThI taba bAIsaveM tIrthakara bhagavAn ariSTanemi ne ahiMsA kI pratiSThA ke lie joradAra prayAsa kiyaa| unhoMne vivAha ke lie zvasuragRha ke dvAra taka pahu~ca kara bhI pazu-pakSiyoM kI hiMsA ke virodha meM vivAha karanA asvIkAra karake tatkAlIna kSatriya-varga meM bhArI sanasanI paidA kara dii| ariSTanemi kA vaha sAhasapUrNa utsarga, sArthaka huyA aura samAja meM pazuoM aura pakSiyoM ke prati vyApaka sahAnubhUti jAgI / unake pazcAt tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ne sarpa jaise viSaile prANiyoM para apanI karuNA kI varSA karake, logoM kA dhyAna dayA kI ora AkarSita kiyA / phira bhI dharma ke nAma para jo hiMsA pracalita thI, use nizzeSa karane ke lie carama tIthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne prabhAvazAlI upadeza diyA / yadyapi hiMsA pracalita hai phira mI vicAravAna loga use dharma yA puNya kA kArya nahIM samajhate, balki pApa mAnate haiM / isa dRSTiparivartana ke lie jaina-paramparA ko bahuta udyoga karanA pdd'aa| avatAravAda banAma paramAtmavAda : . prAtmA kI carama aura vizuddha sthiti kyA hai ? yaha darzanazAstra ke ciMtana kA eka

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200 vaijJAnika saMdarbha pradhAna prazna rahA hai / vibhinna darzanoM ne isa para vicAra kiyA hai aura apanA-apanA dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA hai| _____ bauddha darzana ke anusAra citta kI paramparA kA avaruddha ho jAnA, AtmA kI carama sthiti hai / isa mAnyatA ke anusAra dIpaka ke nirvANa kI bhAMti prAtmA zUnya meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| kaNAda muni kA vaizepika darzana AtmA kI antima sthiti mukti svIkAra karatA hai, para usakI mukti kA svarUpa kucha aisA hai ki use samajha lene para antaHkaraNa meM mukti prApta karane kI preraNA jAgRta nahIM hotii| kaNAda Rpi ke mantavya ke anusAra mukta AtmA jJAna aura sukha se sarvadA vaMcita ho jAtA hai / jAna aura sukha hI AtmA ke asAdhAraNa gugA haiM aura jaba inakA hI samUna uccheda ho gayA to phira kyA prAkarSaNa raha gayA mukti meM ? saMsAra meM jitane anAdimukta ekezvaravAdI sampradAya haiM, unake mantavya ke anusAra koI bhI AtmA, Izvaratva kI prApti karane meM samartha nahIM ho sktaa| Izvara eka advitIya hai / jIva jAti se vaha pRthak hai / saMsAra meM adharma kI vRtti aura dharma kA hrAsa hone para usakA saMsAra meM avataraNa hotA hai / usa samaya vaha paramAtmA se AtmA kA rUpa grahaNa karatA hai / jaina dharma avatAvAda kI isa mAnyatA ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| jaina dharma pratyeka AtmA ko paramAtmA banane kA adhikAra pradAna karatA hai| aura paramAtmA banane kA mArga bhI prastuta karatA hai, kintu paramAtmA ke punaH bhavAvataraNa kA virodha karatA hai| isa prakAra hamAre samakSa ucca se ucca jo Adarza saMbhava hai, usakI upalabdhi kA AzvAsana aura pathapradarzana jana dharma se milatA hai / vaha AtmA ke ananta vikAsa kI saMbhAvanAoM ko hamAre samakSa upasthita karatA hai / jaina dharma kA pratyeka nara ko nArAyaNa aura bhakta ko bhagavAn, vanane kA yaha adhikAra denA hI usakI maulika mAnyatA hai / vyakti kI mahattA guraNoM se : jaina dharma sadaiva guNa pUjA kA pakSapAtI rahA hai / jAti, kula, varNa athavA vAhya veSa ke kAraNa vaha kisI vyakti kI mahattA aMgIkAra nahIM krtaa| bhAratavarSa meM prAcIna kAla se eka aisA varga calA AtA hai jo varNavyavasthA ke nAma para, anya vargoM para apanI sattA sthApita karane ke lie tathA sthApita kI huI sattA ko akSuNNa banAye rakhane ke lie eka akhaNDa mAnava jAti ko aneka khaMDoM meM vibhakta karatA hai / guNa aura karma ke AdhAra para, samAja kI suvyavasthA kA dhyAna rakhate hue vibhAga kiyA jAnA to ucita hai, jisameM vyakti ke vikAsa ko adhika-se-adhika avakAza ho parantu janma ke AdhAra para kisI prakAra kA vibhAga karanA sarvathA anucita hai| eka vyakti duHzIla, ajJAna aura prakRti se tamoguNI hone para bhI amuka varNa vAle ke ghara meM janma lene ke kAraNa samAja meM pUjya, AdaraNIya, pratiSThita aura UMcA samajhA jAya, aura dUsarA vyakti suzIla, jJAnI, aura satoguNI hone para bhI kevala amuka kula meM janma lene ke kAraNa nIca aura tiraskaraNIya mAnA jAya, yaha vyavasthA samAja-ghAtaka hai /

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jaina darzana aura vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa itanA hI nahIM, aisA mAnane se na kevala samAja ke eka vahusaMkhyaka bhAga kA apamAna hotA hai / pratyuta yaha sadguNa aura sadAcAra kA bhI ghora apamAna hai / isa vyavasthA ko aMgIkAra karane se durAcAra, sadAcAra se UMcA uTha jAtA hai, ajJAna, jJAna para vijayI hotA hai zrIra tamoguNa satoguNa ke sAmane grAdarAspada vana jAtA hai / yahI aisI sthiti hai jo guNagrAhaka vivekajanoM ko sahya nahIM ho sakatI / " ( nirgrantha pravacana bhASya, pRSTha 286 ) 201 ataeva jaina dharma kI mAnyatA hai ki guraNoM ke kAraNa koI vyakti grAdaraNIya honA cAhie aura avaguNoM ke kAraNa anAdaraNIya evaM apratiSThita honA cAhie | isa mAnyatA ke popaka jainAgamoM ke kucha vAkya dhyAna dene yogya haiM mastaka mur3A lene se hI koI zramaraNa nahIM ho jAtA, proMkAra kA jApa karane mAtra se koI brAhmaNa nahIM bana sakatA, araNyavAsa karane hI koI muni nahIM hotA aura kuza - cIra ke paridhAnamAtra se koI tapasvI kA pada nahIM pA sakatA / ( uttarAdhyayana zra0 25, sUtrakRtAMga 1 zru0, gra0 13, gA0 6, 10, 11 ) samabhAva ke kAraNa bhramaNa brahmacarya kA karane ke kAraNa muni, aura tapazcaryA meM nirata rahane karma (AjIvikA ) se brAhmaraNa hotA hai, hotA hai, aura karma se zUdra hotA hai / manuSya - manuSya meM jAti ke AdhAra para koI pArthakya dRSTigocara nahIM hotA magara tapasyA ( sadAcAra ) ke kAraNa avazya hI antara dikhAI detA hai ( uttarAdhyayana ) pAlana karane se brAhmaNa, jJAna kI upAsanA vAlA tApasa kahA jA sakatA hai / karma se kSatriya hotA hai, karma se vaizya ina uddharaNoM se spaSTa hogA ki jaina dharma ne janmagata varNavyavasthA evaM jAti-pAti kI kSudra bhAvanAoM ko prazraya na dekara guNoM ko hI mahatva pradAna kiyA hai / isI kAraNa jaina saMgha ne manuSya mAtra kA varNa evaM jAti kA vicAra na karate hue samAna bhAva se svAgata kiyA hai / vaha AtmA aura paramAtmA ke bIca meM bhI koI alaMghya dIvAra svIkAra nahI karatA to AtmA - zrAtmA aura manuSya-manuSya ke bIca kaise svIkAra kara sakatA hai ? aparigraha bhAva kI vyAvahArikatA : saMsAra kA koI bhI dharma parigraha ko svarga yA mokSa kA kAraNa nahIM mAnatA hai, kintu saba dharma eka svara se ise heya ghoSita karate haiM / IsAI dharma kI prasiddha pustaka vAivila kA yaha ullekha prAyaH sabhI jAnate haiM ki- " sUI kI noMka meM se UMTa kadAcita nikala jAya, parantu dhanavAn svarga meM praveza nahIM kara sakatA / " parigraha kI yaha kar3I se kar3I AlocanA hai / idhara bhAratIya dharma bhI parigraha ko samasta pApoM kA mUla aura grAtmika patana kA kAraNa kahate haiM, kintu jaina dharma meM aparigraha ko vyavahArthaM rUpa pradAna karane kI eka bahuta sundara praNAlI nirdiSTa kI gaI hai / jaina saMgha mukhyatayA do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai tyAgI aura gRhastha / tyAgI varga ke lie pUrNa aparigrahI, akiMcana rahane kA vidhAna hai / jaina tyAgI saMyama - sAdhanA ke lie

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202 vaijJAnika saMdarbha anivArya katipaya upakaraNoM ke atirikta anya koI vastu apane avikAra meM nahIM rkhtaa| yahAM taka ki agale dina ke lie bhojana bhI apane pAsa nahIM rakha sktaa| usake lie aparigraha mahAvrata kA pAlana karanA anivArya hai| gRhasthavarga aparigrahI rahakara saMsAra-vyavahAra nahIM calA sakatA aura isa kAraNa usake lie pUrNa parigrahatyAga kA vidhAna nahIM kiyA gayA hai, use sarvathA aniyantrita bhI nahIM chor3A gayA hai / gRhastha ko zrAvaka kI koTi meM Ane ke lie apanI tRSNA, mamatA evaM lobha-vRtti ko sImita karane ke lie parigraha kA parimAraNa kara lenA cAhiye / parigraha-parimAraNa zrAvaka ke pAMca mUla vratoM meM anyatama hai| isa vrata kA samIcIna rUpa se pAlana karane ke lie zrAvaka ko do vrata aura aMgIkAra karane par3ate haiM, jisakA bhogopabhoga parimAraNa aura anarthadaMDa-tyAga ke nAma se gRhastha dharma ke prakaraNa meM ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai / parimita parigraha kA vrata tabhI ThIka taraha vyavahAra meM A sakatA hai, jaba manuSya apane bhoga aura upayoga ke yogya padArthoM kI eka sImA banA le aura sAtha hI nirarthaka padArtho se apanA saMbaMdha viccheda kara le / isa prakAra aparigraha vrata ke lie ina sahAyaka vratoM kI bar3I AvazyakatA hai| artha tRSNA kI Aga meM mAnava-jIvana bhasma na ho jAya, jIvana kA ekamAtra lakSya dhana na bana jAya, jIvana-caka dravya ke irda-girda hI na ghUmatA rahe, aura jIvana kI uccatara lakSya mamatva ke andhakAra meM vilIna na ho jAya, isake lie aparigraha kA bhAva jIvana meM grAnA hI caahie| yadi aparigraha bhAva jIvana meM A jAya, aura sAmUhika rUpa me A jAya to arthavaiSamyajanita sAmAjika samasyAeM svataH ho samApta ho jAtI haiN| unheM hala karane ke lie samAjavAda yA sAmyavAda yA anya kisI navInavAda kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rhtii| jaina dharma kA yaha aparigrahavAda Adhunika yuga kI jvalanta samasyAoM kA sundara samAdhAna hai, ataeva samAjazAstriyoM ke lie adhyayana karane yogya hai| isase vyakti kA jIvana bhI ucca aura prazasta banatA hai aura sAtha hI samAja kI samasyAeM bhI sulajha jAtI haiN| - MARH KHERI Im la

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35 vaijJAnika zakti mUlya aura jJAna-mUlya : Adhunika vijJAna aura dravya viSayaka jaina dhAraNA * DaoN0 vIrendrasiMha yAdhunika yuga vijJAna kA yuga hai / vijJAna eka aisI savala mAnavIya kriyA grathavA anuzAsana hai jisane jJAna ke kSetroM ko kevala prabhAvita hI nahIM brahmANDa ke rahasyoM ko eka tArkika rUpa meM udghATita kiyA hai| haiM, jo do prakAra ke mUlyoM kI sRSTi karate haiM - eka zakti mUlya zrIra dUsare prema yA ciMtanamUlya / jahAM taka zakti mUlya kA sambandha hai, vaha takanIkI vikAsa se udbhUta hai jo antarASTrIya gharAtala para pratisparddhA kA viSaya banatA jA rahA hai / isake dvArA zakti aura svArtha mUlyoM kI isa kadara vRddhi hotI jA rahI hai ki Adhunika mAnasa vijJAna ko kevala zaktiarjana kA paryAya mAnatA jA rahA hai / dUsarI ora vijJAna kA vaha mahattvapUrNa pakSa hai jo prema-mUlya yA jJAna-mUlya kA sRjana karatA hai jisakI ora hamArA dhyAna kama jAtA hai / satya rUpa meM, vijJAna kA yaha jJAna mUlya hI 'pratimAnoM' kA sRjana karatA hai jo mAnavIya saMdarbha ko zrarthavattA pradAna karatA hai kyoMki pratyeka mAnavIya kriyA, mAnava aura usase saMbaMdhita vizva saMdarbha ke lie hI hai / yaha jJAna prApta karane kA manobhAva vijJAna kA bhI lakSya hai / rahasyavAdI, premI, kalAkAra sabhI satyAnveSI hote haiM, yaha bAta dUsarI hai ki unakA anveSaNa usa 'paddhati' ko svIkAra na karatA ho jo vaijJAnika anveSaNa meM svIkAra kI jAtI hai / isa kAraNa kavi aura rahasyavAdI hamAre lie kisI bhI dazA meM kama sammAna ke pAtra nahI haiN| kyoMki vaijJAnika ke samAna ve bhI jJAna ke anveSI haiM / prema ke pratyeka svarUpa ke dvArA hama 'priya' ke jJAna kA sAkSAtkAra karanA cAhate haiM / yaha sAkSAtkAra 'zakti' prApta karane ke uddezya se nahIM hotA hai, varan isakA samvandha prAMtarika ullAsa aura jJAna ke prAyAmoM ko udghATita karane ke lie hotA hai / ' ataH 'jJAna' svayaM meM eka mUlya hai jo vaijJAnika jJAna ke lie bhI utanA satya hai jitanA granya jJAna kSetroM ke lie / vijJAna kA AraMbha isI prema saMbaMdha kA rUpa hai kyoMki vaijJAnika bhI vastunoM, dRzyoM, brahmANDIya piMDoM Adi se ekAtma sthApita kara unake 'rahasya' kA udghATana karatA hai / 1. da sAinTiphika insAiTa, barTreDa rasela, pR0 200 / kiyA hai, varan vizva zrIra vaijJAnika jJAna ke do pakSa

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204 vaijJAnika saMdarbha vaijJAnika sApekSatAvAda tathA syAdvAda : jJAna ke isa vyApaka pariveza meM eka anya bAta yaha bhI spaSTa hotI hai ki vijJAna aura jaina-darzana kA sambandha 'sApekSavAda' kI prAdhAra bhUmi para mAnA jA sakatA hai jo vaijJAnika-darzana kA eka mahattvapUrNa 'pratyaya' hai jo jaina-darzana ke syAdvAda se milatA julatA hai| yaha samAnatA isa tathya kI ora saMketa karatI hai ki jaina manIpA ne vizva ke yathArtha svarUpa ke prati eka aisI antadRSTi prApta kI thI jo tatva-ciMtana kA kSetra hote hue bhI 'yathArtha' ke prati eka svastha Agraha thaa| vizva aura prakRti kA rahasya 'sambandhoM' para prAdhArita hai jise hama nirapekSa (Absolute) pratyayoM ke dvArA kadAcit hRdayaMgama karane meM asamartha rheNge| dravya yA pudgala kI samasta avadhAraNA isI sApekSa tatva para AdhArita hai aura vartamAna bhautikI, rasAyana tathA gaNitIya pratyayoM ke dvArA 'dravya' (Matter) kA jo bhI rUpa samakSa pAyA hai, vaha kaI artho me vaijJAnika anusaMdhAnoM se prApta niSkarSoM se samAnatA rakhatA hai| vikAsavAdI siddhAMta aura jIva-ajIva ko dhAraNAeM : Adhunika vijJAna kA eka pramukha siddhAMta vikAsavAda hai jisase hama vizva svarUpa ke prati eka antadRSTi prApta karate hai| DAvina zrAdi vikAsavAdiyoM ne jaiva (Organic) aura ajaiva (Inorganic) ke sApekSa saMbaMdha ko mAnate hue unheM eka kramAgata rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| isakA artha yaha huA ki jaiva (cetana) aura ajaiva (jar3a) ke madhya zUnya nahIM hai, para dono ke bIca eka aisA sambandha hai jo donoM ke 'sat' svarUpa ke prati samAna mahattva kA bhAva prakaTa karatA hai| jaina-darzana kI dravya avadhAraNA meM isa vaijJAnika tathya kA saMketa 'jIva' aura 'jIva' kI parikalpanAtroM ke dvArA vyakta huaA hai jo kramaza: cetana aura acetana ke paryAya hai aura donoM yathArtha aura sat haiM / yahA para yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki vedAMta athavA cArvAka darzana ke samAna yahAM para dravya (Matter) cetana yA jar3a nahIM hai, para dravya (pudgala) kI dhAraNA me ina donoM tattvoM kA samAna samAveza hai| isa sAre vivecana se eka anya tathya yaha bhI prakaTa hotA hai ki sat, dravya, padArtha aura pudgala-saba samAnArthaka artha dene vAle zabda haiM aura isI se, jaina prAcAryoM ne "dravya hI sat hai aura sat hI dravya hai" jaisI tArkika prasthApanA ko sthApita kiyaa| umAsvAti nAmaka jaina AcArya ne to yahAM taka mAnA ki 'kAla bhI dravya kA rUpa hai"1 jo varavasa Adhunika karaNa-bhautikI (Particle Physics) ko isa mahattvapUrNa prasthApanA kI ora dhyAna AkarSita karatI hai ki kAla tathA dika bhI padArtha ke rUpAMtaraNa hai aura yaha rUpAMtaraNa padArtha ke tAtvika rUpa kI ora bhI saMketa karate haiM padArtha yA dravya kA yaha rUpa AdarzavAdI na hokara yathArthavAdI adhika hai kyoki jaina-darzana bheda ko utanA hI mahattva detA hai jitanA advatavAdI abheda ko| pAzcAtya dArzanika braDale ne bhI 'bheda' ko eka prAvazyaka tatva mAnA hai jisase hama sat ke sahI rUpa kA parijAna kara sakate haiN| 1. jaina-darzana, DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA, pR0 128-umAsvAti ke graMtha tatvArthabhASya se uddhRt| 2. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina, pR0 18 /

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Adhunika vijJAna aura dravya viSayaka jaina dhAraNA 205 dravya kI rUpAMtaraNa-prakriyA tathA bheda : jaina-darzana kI eka mahattvapUrNa mAnyatA yaha hai ki dravya utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya yukta hai| yadi vizleSaNa karake dekhA jAya to dravya kI avadhAraNA meM eka nityatA kA bhAva hai jo na naSTa hotI hai aura na naI utpanna hotI hai| utpAda aura vyaya (vinAza) ke bIca eka sthiratA rahatI hai (yA tulyabhAritA Balance rahatI hai) jise eka pAribhASika zabda dhrauvya ke dvArA iMgita kiyA gayA hai| mere vicAra se ye sabhI dazAeM dravya kI gatizIlatA aura sRjanazIlatA kA pratirUpa hai / vijJAna ke kSetra meM phreDa hAyala ne padArtha kA vizlepaNa karate hue pRSThabhUmi padArtha (Background Material) ko prasthApanA kI hai jisase padArtha utpanna hotA hai aura aMtataH phira usI meM vilaya ho jAtA hai, yaha krama nirantara calA karatA hai|' isa prakAra sRjana aura vilaya ke bIca samarasatA sthApita karane ke lie 'dhrauvya' (sthiratA) kI kalpanA kI gii| trimUrti ko dhAraNA meM bhI brahmA, viSNu tathA maheza kramazaH sRjana, sthiratA (sAmarasya) aura vilaya (yA pralaya) ke devatA haiM jo pratyakSaH prakRti kI tIna zaktiyoM ke pratIka haiN| dravya kA yaha parivartanazIla tathA anitya rUpa vijJAna ke dvArA bhI mAnya hai jahAM para padArtha rUpAMtarita hotA hai na ki naSTa / vijJAna tathA jena darzana meM dravya kA yaha rUpa samAna hai, para eka vizeSa prakAra kA antara bhI hai| jaina-darzana meM 'AtmA' nAmaka pratyaya ko bhI dravya mAnA gayA hai jisa prakAra AkAza yA spesa (AkAzAstikAya) kAla yA TAima (kAlAstikAya), padArtha tathA UrjA (pudgalAstikAya) grAdi ko / vijJAna ke kSetra meM dravya ko utane vyApaka artha meM grahaNa nahIM kiyA hai jitanA ki jaina-darzana meM / paraMtu Adhunika vijJAna kI ora vizeSakara bhautikI gaNita tathA rasAyana kI aneka navIna upapattiyoM meM padArtha ke sUkSma se sUkSmatara tatvoM kI ora saMketa milatA hai jo usake bhAvI rUpa ke prati eka dizA pradAna karatA hai| prasiddha vaijJAnika-dArzanika baTrenDa rasela ne padArtha ke svarUpa para vicAra karate hue eka sthAna para kahA hai ki padArtha vaha hai jisakI aora mana sadaiva gatizIla rahatA hai para vaha 'usa' taka kabhI pahu~catA nahIM hai / Adhunika padArtha bhautika nahIM hai| jaina darzana meM padArtha ke upayukta svarUpa se eka bAta yaha spaSTa hotI hai ki vahAM para dravya eka aisA pratyaya hai jo 'sattA sAmAnya' kA rUpa hai jisake chaha bheda kie gae haiMdharmAstikAya se lekara kAlAstikAya taka jisakA saMketa Upara kiyA jA cukA hai| jahAM taka pudgala yA padArtha kA sambandha hai, vaha dravya kA eka viziSTa prakAra hai jisakA vizleSaNAtmaka citana jaina AcAryoM ne kiyA hai| paramANuvAda kA pUrA prasAda pudgala ke sUkSmAtisUkSma vizleSaNa para AdhArita rahA hai jo Adhunika vaijJAnika paramANuvAda ke kAphI nikaTa hai| 1. da necara praoNpha yUnIvarsa, phreDa haoNyala, pR0 45 / . 'Matter is something in which the mind is being led, but which it never reaches. Modern matter is not material.' uddhRta phinAsiphikala esapevaTrasa grApha mADarna sAIsa', pR0 87, saM0-sI0 I0 ema0 joDa /

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206 vaijJAnika saMdarbha jaina paramANuvAda aura vijJAna : pudagala kI saMracanA ko lekara jaina darzana ne jo vizlepaNa prastuta kiyA hai, vaha padArtha ke sUkSma tatvoM (kaNoM) kI ora saMketa karatA hai / Adhunika vijJAna ne padArtha kI sUkSmatama ikAI ko paramANu kahA hai jisake saMyoga se 'aNu' banatA hai aura ina aNutroM ke saMghAta se Utaka (Tissue) kA nirmANa hotA hai / jaivika saMracanA meM kopa (Cell) mUDhamatama ikAI hai jinake saMyoga se avayava (Organ) kA nirmANa hotA hai| isa prakAra, samasta jaivika aura ajaivika saMracanA meM aNuoM, paramANuoM, koSoM aura avayavoM kA kramika sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| isase yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki samasta sRSTi kA Rmika vikAsa huA hai / jaina prAcAryoM kI paramANu aura skaMdha dhAraNAoM meM upayukta tathyoM kA samAveza prApta hotA hai| jaina matAnusAra paramANu padArtha kA aMtima rUpa hai jisakA vibhAjana saMbhava nahIM hai / vaha ikAI rUpa hai jisakI na lambAI, caur3AI aura na gaharAI hotI hai, tathA jo svayaM hI Adi, madhya tathA ata hai / Adhunika vijJAna ne paramANu ko vibhAjita kiyA hai aura usakI AMtarika saMracanA ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlA hai| paramANu meM antanihita ilekTrAna, proTAna, pAjiTrAna, nyUTrAna Adi sUkSmatama karaNoM kI jAnakArI grAja ke vijJAna ne dI hai aura sAtha hI, saura maMDala kI saMracanA ke samAna paramANu ko saMracanA ko spaSTa kiyA hai| isa vaijJAnika prasthApanA ke dvArA yaha dArzanika tathya bhI prakaTa hotA hai ki jo piMDa (Microcasm) paramANu meM hai, vahIM brahmANDa meM hai jo yoga sAdhanA kA eka mahattvapUrNa pratyaya hai| ataH muni zrI nagarAjajI ne jo yaha mata rakhA hai ki vijJAna meM paramANu kA 'sUkSma rUpa' nahIM milatA hai jaisA ki jaina darzana meM yaha mata upayukta vivecana ke prakAza meM pUrNa satya nahIM jAta hotA hai / tathya to yaha hai ki adhunAtana vaijJAnika pragati meM paramANu kI sUkSmatama vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai jo prayoga aura anubhava kI sImAoM se pramANita ho cukI hai / skaMdha kI dhAraNA vijJAna ko aNu (Molecule) bhAvanA se milatI hai kyoMki do se anaMta paramANuoM ke saMghAta ko skaMdha yA karaNa kI saMjJA vijJAna tathA jaina darzana donoM meM dI gaI hai| skaMdha nirmANa prakriyA: ava prazna uThatA hai ki paramANu skaMdha rUpa meM kaise pariNata hotA hai ? isa mahattvapUrNa prazna kA uttara vijJAna tathA jaina mata ne apane-apane tarIke se diyA hai jisameM aneka samAnatAeM haiM / jaina mata aura vijJAna meM eka sabase bar3I samAnatA yaha hai ki donoM meM paramANuoM ke yoga se skaMva kA nirmANa hotA hai jisakA hetu dhana aura RNa vidya t hai (+ aura -) jinake paraspara AkarpaNa se skaMdha tathA padArtha kA sRjana hotA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne paramAguNoM ke svabhAva ko snigdha tathA rUkSa (+ aura ----) mAnA hai jinameM rUkSa aura snigdha paramANu vinA zarta baMdha jAte haiN| isake atirikta rUkSa-paramANu rUkSa se tathA snigdha paramANu snigdha se tIna se lekara yAvat anaMta guNoM kA baMdhana prApta karate haiM / paramANuoM ke ye do viparIta svabhAva unake ApasI vaMdhana ke kAraNa haiM / Adhunika vijJAna meM padArtha ke antargata 1. jaina darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna, muni zrI nagarAja, pR0 86 /

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Adhunika vijJAna aura dravya viSayaka jaina dhAraNA 207 dhana vidyut (Positive Charge + ) aura RNa vidya t (Negative Charge -) ke astitva ko svIkAra kiyA hai| yahAM para spaSTa rUpa se aisA lagatA hai ki jaina vicArakoM ne Adhunika vijJAna dvArA vatAe gae paramANu svabhAva ko ThIka usI prakAra niSpanna kiyA thA jo Adhunika vijJAna hajAroM varSa bAda kara rahA hai| zrI vI0 ela0 zIla kA bhI yahI mata hai ki jaina darzanavid isa tathya ko pUrI taraha jAnate the ki dhana aura RNa vidyu takaNoM ke milana se vidya t kI utpatti hotI hai / ' zrAkAza meM camakane vAlI vidyut kA hetu bhI paramANuoM kA rUkSatva aura snigdhatva guNa hai-yaha tathya bhI 'sarvArtha siddhi', adhyAya 5 meM prApta hai| prANI tathA vanaspati jagata meM bhI dhana aura RNa vidyut kA rUpa yauna-pAkarSaNa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai, yahAM taka ki vanaspati saMsAra meM bhI yaha AkarpaNa evaM virSaNa prApta hotA hai| dhana aura RNa kA yaha anaMta vistAra sRSTi meM vyApta hai aura yahAM para Akara jaina ciMtaka kI vaijJAnikatA kA pramANa milatA hai / paramANu ke sparza guNa aura vijJAna : jaina darzana meM paramANuoM ke aneka 'sparza' mAne gae haiM jo pratyakSataH paramANuoM ke guraNa tathA svabhAva ko spaSTa karatA hai / inheM 'sparza' isalie kahA gayA hai ki indriyAM inheM anubhUta karatI haiN| ina spoM kI saMkhyA pATha haiM jaise karkaza, mRdu, laghu, guru, zIla, uSNa, snigdha, rUkSa / isa prakAra ke vibhinna guNa vAle paramANunoM ke saMzleSa se ulkA, megha, iMdradhanupa Adi kA sRjana hotA hai jise hama prAkRtika ghaTanA (Phenomenon) kahate haiM / Adhunika bhautikI bhI isI tathya ko svIkAra karatI hai ki ulkA, megha tathA indradhanuSa paramANuoM kA eka viziSTa saMghAta hai| yahI nahIM, chAyA, pAtapa, zabda tathA aMdhakAra ko bhI pudgala kA rUpa mAnA gayA hai jo Adhunika vijJAna meM bhI mAnya hai| jainAcAryoM ne pudgala ke dhvanirUpa pariNAma ko 'zabda' kahA hai / paramANu azabda hai, zabda nAnA skaMdhoM ke saMgharSa se utpanna hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki dhvani kA svarUpa kaMpanayukta (Vibration) hotA hai aura isa dazA meM dhvani, zabda kA rUpa grahaNa kara letI hai / Adhunika bhautikI ke anusAra bhI yaha eka sAmAnya anubhava hai ki dhvani kA udgama kaMpana kI dazA meM hotA hai| udAharaNArtha zaMku kA kAMTA (svara yaMtra), ghaNTI, piyAno ke tAra, pAragana pAipa kI havA-ye saba vastueM kaMpana kI avasthA meM rahatI haiM javaki ve dhvani paidA karatI haiM / '3 vijJAna ke anusAra zabda eka 1. pAjiTiva sAiMsa oNpha enseMTa hindUja, vI0 ela0 zIla, pR0 36 / 2. jaina darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna, pR0 65 / 3. It is a common experience that a source of sound is in a state of vibration. For example the prong of a tuning fork, a bell, the strings of a piano and the air in an organ pipe are all in a state of vibration when they are producing sound. --Text book of Physics, R. S. Willows, P. 249.

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vaijJAnika saMdarbha zaktirUpa pratyaya hai jisakA svarUpa taraMgAtmaka hai jo reDiyo, mAikrophona Adi meM zabda taraMge, vidyut pravAha meM pariNata hokara Age bar3hatI haiM aura lakSya taka pahu~ca kara phira zabda rUpa meM parivartita ho jAtI haiM / zabda ko lekara kevala eka aMtara vijJAna se jJAta hotA hai kyoMki vijJAna, zabda yA dhvani ko zakti ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai ( Energy ) na ki padArtha ke rUpa meM, jabaki jaina mata meM dhvani paudgalika hai jo lokAMta taka pahu~catI hai / isa sUkSma aMtara ke hote hue bhI yaha gravazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina darzana kA dhvani-viSayaka citana Adhunika vijJAna ke kAphI nikaTa hai jo bhAratIya manIpA kA eka Azcaryajanaka mAnasika abhiyAna kahA jA sakatA hai / 208 isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina citakoM ne paramANu ko gatimukta tathA kaMpanayukta mAnA hai| yahI nahI grabhayadeva mUri ne yahAM taka kahA hai ki paramANu vividha kaMpana karatA hai aura vaha bhedana karane meM bhI samartha hai / " mujhe anAyAsa hindI ke mahAkavi zrI jayazaMkara prasAda kI ye paMktiyAM yAda yA jAtI haiM jisameM paramANu ke uparyukta vaijJAnika rUpa ko eka sarjanAtmaka prakriyA ke dvArA vyakta kiyA hai putroM ko hai vizrAma kahAM hai kRtimaya vega bharA kitanA avirAma nAcatA kaMpana hai ullAsa sajIva huA kitanA / ( kAmAyanI, kAmasarga ) zrAiMsTIna ne bhI paramANu ke tIna pramukha tattva mAne haiM jinake dvArA paramANu gatizIla hote haiM - ve hai, gati ( Velocity), kaMpana ( Vibration ) aura ullAsa ( Veracity ) jinakA sApekSa samvandha hI satya hai / paramANu zakti aura jaina mata : paramANu ke uparyukta gatizIla svarUpa ke prakAza meM jaina-darzana meM paramANu zakti ke vAre meM jo bhI saMketa prApta hote haiM, ve nyUnAdhika rUpa se vaijJAnika niSkarSo se samAnatA rakhate haiM / paramANu zakti ke do rUpa eTama bama aura hAiDrojana bama haiM jo kramazaH 'phizana' (Fission) aura phyUjana (Fusion ) prakriyAoM ke udAharaNa hai / phizana kA artha hai TUTanA yA pRthaka honA aura eTama bama meM yUreniyama paramANuoM ke isa TUTane se zakti kA ( yA UrjA ) visphoTa hotA hai / dUsarI ora hAiDrojana bama meM phyUjana hotA hai jisakA artha hai milana yA saMyoga / isa prakriyA meM hAiDrojana ke cAra paramANutroM ke saMyoga se hiliyama paramANu banatA hai / isa saMyoga se jo zakti utpanna hotI hai, vaha hAiDrojana yA udjana bama hai / paramANu kI ye donoM prakriyAeM isa sUtra vAkya meM darzanIya hai- "pUraNa galana dharmatvAt 2. jaina darzana aura grAvunika vijJAna, muni zrI nagarAja, pR0 38 / 2. di nimaTezansa graoNpha sAiMsa, je0 mUlIvena, pR0 140 /

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zrAdhunika vijJAna aura dravya vipayana jaina dhAraNA pudgalaH" / hAiDrojana bama pUraNa yA saMyoga dharma kA udAharaNa hai ( phyUjana) aura eTama bama viyoga yA galana kA udAharaNa hai / yadi sUkSma dRSTi se dekhA jAe to pudgala kI saMracanA meM paramANuoM kA yaha galana aura pUraNa rUpa eka aisA tathya hai jisa para grAdhunika vijJAna (vizeSakara bhautikI) kI samasta paramANavika UrjA kA prAsAda nirmita huA hai / jaina zabdAvalI meM eka anya zabda prayukta hotA hai - 'tejolezyA' jo pudgala kI koI rAsAyanika prakriyA hai jo solaha dezoM ko eka sAtha bhasma kara detI hai / " yaha saMhAraka pravRtti Adhunika vamoM kI ora bhI saMketa karatI hai / zrAdhunika ra zakti kevala USmA ke rUpa meM hI prakaTa hotI hai, para tejolezyA meM uSNatA aura zItalatA donoM guNa vidyamAna haiM zraura zItala tejolezyA, uSNa tejolezyA ke prabhAva ko zIghra naSTa kara detA hai / Adhunika vijJAna uSNa tejolezyA ko eTama tathA hAiDrojana bamoM ke rUpa meM prApta kara cukA hai, para inake pratibhAraka rUpoM ke prati grava bhI pahu~ca nahIM sakA hai jo abhI bhaviSya ke garta meM hI vidyamAna haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki antarrASTrIya dharAtala para ina vamoM ke prayoga ke prati sabhI zaktizAlI deza sazaMkita haiM / uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina dArzanikoM ne kevala AdhyAtma ke kSetra meM hI nahIM para padArtha vijJAna ke kSetra meM bhI aise satyoM kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA jo prAdhunika vijJAna ke dvArA nyUnAdhika rUpa meM mAnya haiM / maiM vyaktigata rUpa se yaha mahasUsa karatA hU~ ki jaina vicAradhArA ne sahI rUpa meM, darzana aura vijJAna ke sApekSa mahattva ko udghATita kiyA aura vizva tathA prakRti ke sUkSmatama aMza paramANu ke rahasya ko prakaTa kiyA hai / dravya kI yaha lIlA anaMta hai aura vyakti yahI cAhatA hai ki vaha dravya ke 'ananveSita pradezoM' taka pahu~ca sake - yaha jAnane aura pahu~cane kI AkAMkSA hI jJAna kA gatyAtmaka rUpa hai / vIrendra kumAra jaina ko nimna kAvya paMktiyAM isa pUrI sthiti ko sarjana ke dharAtala para vyakta karatI haiM : -- deza-dizA kAla ke sUkSmAtisUkSma aMzoM meM anaMta aura zeSa kamare khulate cale gae : kamare ke bhItara kamarA zrIra hara kamare ke laghutama 'tarikSa meM asaMkhyAta koTi kamare / 206 skaMdha, pu, paramANu se bhare dravya kI usa nagna pariNamana lIlA kA anta nahIM thA / 1. bhagavatI zataka 15 meM ye solaha deza isa prakAra hai- zraMga, vaMga, magadha, malaya, mAlava, accha, vaccha, koccha zrAdi /

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210 vaijJAnika saMdarbha -yoM tumheM aMtima rUpa se pA lene, pyAra karane aura jAnane kii| prAtmahArA becainI meM maiM tattva ke akathya aura ava taka anvepita pradezoM ke sImAMtoM taka calA gyaa| -~~zUnya puruSa aura vastue, pR0 31) HESAR RSE

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vaijJAnikI aura takanIkI vikAsa se utpanna mAnavIya samasyAe~ aura mahAvIra * DaoN0 rAmamUrti tripAThI praznAkula sthiti : bhagavAna mahAvIra jina mUlyoM kI pratimA the--aura jo Aja bhI vaMdya haiM-ve adhyAtmamUlaka jIvana dRSTi se jie gae jIvana kI prayogazAlA meM utpanna hue the| vartamAna maMdarbha aura jIvana 'vijJAna' prabhAvita hai| vijJAna ne Aja kA pariveza nirmita kiyA hai, usakI upalabdhiyAM dharmAdhyAtmamUlaka kramAgata upalabdhiyoM se mela nahIM khAtI, phalataH samAja ke netRtva sampanna buddhivAdiyoM ne prAtmA aura tanmUlaka mAnyatAoM tathA mUlyoM ke prati yA to pUrNa anAsthA ghoSita kara dI hai athavA saMdigdha manaHsthiti kara lI hai| yadi kahIM usa kramAgata mUlyoM ke prati AsthA, zraddhA tathA vizvAsa ke jyotikaraNa haiM bhI, to vijJAna nirmita yAMtrika aura svArthakendrita vyAvasAyika vAtAvaraNa meM ve maMdaprabha hote jA rahe haiM aura vyavahAra meM kAryAnvita nahIM ho pA rahe haiN| phalataH jaba sAre samAja kI aAja niyati banatI jA rahI hai-anAdhyAtmikatA aura kramAgata mUlyoM ko avahelanA athavA tyAga, tava bhagavAn mahAvIra hI nahIM, tamAma adhyAtma mUlaka mAnyatAe praznAkula ho gaI haiN| ahiMsA kASThApanna sthiti meM grAhya hone ke kAraNa jaina dharma athavA usake pratiSThApaka bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sthiti apekSAkRta aura adhika gambhIra ho gaI hai| - DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana ne ThIka kahA hai ki samasyA ko jAnanA bhI utanA hI mahatvapUrNa hai jitanA ki usake samAdhAna ko jaannaa| ataH sabase pahale vaijJAnika aura takanIkI vikAsa se utpanna samasyAoM para vicAra Avazyaka hai| vijJAna kI kaThora paddhati kA takAjA hai ki hama vahI kaheM aura kareM jo pramANasiddha ho yA kiyA jA sake jabaki dharmAdhyAtmamUlaka paddhati dUsaroM ke kathana para vizvAsa karane ko bAdhya karatI hai| vizvAsa karane ke lie isalie bAdhya karatI hai ki use pUrvaja mAnate A rahe haiM, usakI siddhi meM paramparA prApta AptavAkya pramANa hai aura sabase bar3I bAta yaha ki unheM tarkAtIta kahA gayA hai| atAH khalu ye bhAvA na tAMstarkeNa cintayet / vaijJAnikoM ne apane anusaMdhAna se dharmAvyAtmaka mUlaka ukta paddhati ko asvIkAra ghoSita kara diyA hai| prAptoM ke vacanoM meM bhI jaba paraspara virodha hai-taba kise zraddhA dI jAya ? jaba ijIla, kurAna, veda aura bhinna-bhinna AgamoM meM paraspara vaimatya hai taba samasta

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212 vaijJAnika saMdarbha vizva ke dharmAdhyAtmasamarthaka kaise eka mata hoM aura taba isa sthiti meM grApta vAkyoM para vizvAsa tyAganA hI par3egA | eka bAta yaha bhI hai ki java vijJAna ke kSetra meM 'satya' ke nikaTa atIta ko apekSA vartamAna ke zrama se 'bhaviSya' meM hI pahu~ceMge - yaha mAnyatA sahI hai tava dharma ke kSetra meM yaha kyoM mAna liyA jAya ki 'satya' kA sAkSAtkAra atIta meM ho cukA, zrava bhaviSya usa dRSTi se rikta hai ? vizva eka niyama meM baMdhA huA hai, vijJAna isI niyama ke zAsana para bala detA hai / inhIM niyamoM kA yaha anuzIlana karatA hai| jisa dina sAre niyama jJAta ho jAyeMge, usa dina 'rahasya' nAma kI koI vastu na hogI / yadyapi kvANTam siddhAnta meM anirdhAraNAtmakatA kI svIkRti se 'niyama' pUrNanaH aura prAtyaMtika satya nahIM mAnA gayA hai tathApi vijJAna prAkRtika vyavahAroM meM nihita isa phrI vila yA svecchAritA ke kAraNa apanA nirdhAraNAtmaka prayatna nahIM chor3atA balki aura grAzA se prajJAta kAraNoM kI saMgati khojanA cAhatA hai / vijJAna jaba yaha mAnatA hai ki saba kucha niyama kI zRMkhalA meM baddha hai tava kisI ko 'kRpA' yA 'svAtantrya' kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA / Izvara kI kRpA aura vijJAna kI niyamabaddhatA paraspara viparIta hai / vijJAna kI vibhinna zAkhAoM kI upalabdhiyoM ke Aloka me cetanA ke atirikta kisI zAzvata zrAtmA kI bhI siddhi nahIM ho pAtI phira yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki jIvana kI isa vikAsa zRMkhalA meM mAnava hI aMtima vikAsa kyoM mAnA jAya ? dharmAdhyAtmamUlaka jina jIvana mUlyoM ke lie hama saMgharSazIla haiM, badalate hue aura vikAsonmukha samAja meM rUpoM aura AkAroM kI vanane vigar3ane vAlI brahmANDa prakriyA meM, ve kitane kSaNika haiM- - spaSTa hai / vijJAna kA niSkarSa hai ki mana, bhAvanA aura AtmA jIvita mastiSka ke hI grabhivyakta rUpa hai - vaise hI jaise jvAlA jalatI huI momabattI kA zrabhivyakta rUpa / isa mAnyatA ke anusAra mastiSka ke naSTa hote hI saba kucha naSTa ho jAyagA / kahAM ke dharma-prAdhyAtma aura kahAM ke tanmUlaka jIvana mUlya | vijJAna mAnatA jA rahA hai ki prakRti kI itara cIjoM kI bhAMti mAnava bhI usake vikAsa kA eka aMga hai / phrAyaDa mAnatA hai ki dharma mAnava samAja ke manovaijJAnika vikAsa kI eka vizeSa sIr3hI ke sAtha jur3A huA bhrama hai / samAja use ukhAr3a ke pheMkane kI dizA meM gatizIla hai | kahAM taka vivaraNa diyA jAya, vizvAsa kI vibhinna samasyAoM ne jo upalabdhiyAM kI haiM - ve savakItava dharmAdhyAtma ke vipakSa meM jAtI haiM / takanIkI vikAsa se utpanna samasyAeM : jahAM taka takanIkI vikAsa kA saMbaMdha hai jaura unase utpanna samasyAoM kI bAta hai prAja kA pratyeka mAnava use mahasUsa kara rahA hai| yaMtra mAnava kA kAma chonatA jA rahA hai aura mAnava bhAvanAoM ko khotA hutrA yAMtrika hotA jA rahA hai / sthala, jala tathA nabha - sarvatra prayogazAlAeM sthApita ho rahI haiN| bAharI dUrI samApta hotI jA rahI hai, para mAnava-mAnava ke madhya dUrI bar3hatI jA rahI hai / loga bhUtArthavAda ke Aloka meM sAmAjika se 'vyakti' hote jA rahe haiM / 'eka' se aneka' ho rahe haiM, abheda se bheda kI ora bar3ha tathA parivAra ke hI varAtala para nahIM, vyakti ke stara para bhI rahe haiM / vizva, rASTra, samAja tira aura bar3a gralaga-laga

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vaijJAnikI aura takanIkI vikAsa se utpanna mAnavIya samasyAeM aura mahAvIra 213 hote jA rahe haiM / Aja vyakti kA sirastha-yaMtra socatA kucha aura hai aura 'dhar3a apanI vivazatA meM karatA kucha aura hai| niSkarpa yaha hai ki Aja kA sArA vAtAvaraNa 'rAhu' aura 'ketu' ke akANDa tANDava se vyApta aura vikSipta hai| ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya tathA aparigraha kI jagaha virodhI vRttiyoM ne le lI hai| sarvatra hiMsA, asatya, caurya, vyabhicAra tathA parigraha dina dUnA rAta caugunA bar3hatA jA rahA hai| saMsAra meM zAMti aura sukha ke nimitta jitane sammelana hote haiM-azAMti utanI hI bar3hatI jA rahI hai| mahAdhvaMsa ke meva vizva ke Upara garaja rahe haiN| bhItara aAsthA ke prabhAva se vaicArika dvaMdva aura asthiratA se azAMti aura vAhara paramArarAvika astroM, udjana vamoM kA bhaya / hara vyakti tanAva, akelepana, saMtrAsa tathA aAtaMka se grasta hai| zakti aura sattA arjana ke prati pratisparddhA bhAva ne mAnava ke samakSa samasyAoM kA avAra paidA kara rakhA hai| vATarageTa kANDa meM jina upakaraNoM kA prayoga vipakSI ke rahasyAtmaka kAryoM ke jJAna ke lie kiyA gayA hai, usake Aloka meM prAtmarakSA kA kaunasA prayatna gupta raha sakatA hai ? isa prakAra ukta vicAroM ke Aloka meM na to adhyAtmavAdiyoM kA AtmavAda surakSita raha sakA hai aura na usake anurUpa sthApita jIvanamUlyoM meM AsthA / phalataH samasta prAdhyAtmavAdI jyotiHstambha hila uThe haiN| prasiddha ciMtaka janendra ne eka bAra yaha kahA thA ki ve apanI kRtiyoM meM bhAratIya adhyAtmamUlaka saMskRti ke ghaTaka tatvoM ko gara-bAra isalie hilA dete haiM tAki nae saMdarbha meM nae ciMtana se unheM punaH sudRr3hatA pradAna kI jAya / ThIka yahI vAta Aja adhyAtma jyoti bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vAre meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| mAnavatA ke Upara pAe hue vartamAna saMkaTa se trANa pAne ke nimitta, aMdhakArAcchanna jovanapatha ko Alokita karane ke uddezya se aisI prAdhyAtmajyotiyoM kI maMca para pratiSThA prAvazyaka ho nahIM, anivArya bhI hai| vijJAna kI camaka aura dharmAdhyAtma kI madaprabhatA se jo saMkramaNa Aja dRSTigocara ho rahA hai, yaha aAja hI nahIM hai-itihAsa meM aneka bAra AyA hai| kahA to yaha bhI jAtA hai ki sadana ke bagIce ke dvAra se bAhara nikalate hue Adama aura hauvA ne hI sabase pahale kahA thA ki ve saMkrAnti ke kAla se gujara rahe haiN| isa prakAra isa saMdarbha meM sarvaprathama samasyA hai---yAtmavAda ke sthApanna kI / isake abhAva meM aura sArI bAteM vebuniyAda haiM / AtmavAda kI pratiSThA : AtmavAda ke vipakSa meM anAtmavAdI vaijJAnikoM ke kaI tarka haiM unameM se pahalA yaha ki yAtmavAda pramANa siddha nhiiN| vaha paramparAgata vizvAsa para prAdhRta hai aura atarka ghopita hai| nissaMdeha prAtmavAda pramANasiddha nahIM hai / kAraNa, yAtmavAdI mAnate haiM ki jo pramANa siddha hai, apanI sattA kI siddhi meM pramANa-sApekSa hai, vaha aura cAhe jo ho, prAtmA nahI hai / AtmavAdI mAnate haiM ki usake lie aura koI pramANa nahIM hai, para yadi anubhava aura aMta pTi (buddhi se bhI Upara kI zakti) pramANa hai to usake sAkSya para prAtmA kA astitva mAnA gayA hai aura mAnA jA sakatA hai / vuddhi se pare aMtardRSTi yA aMtarbAna kI sattA vijJAna bhI mAnatA hai| vizva vikhyAta vainAnikoM ko Upara uThAne vAlI yahI ataSTi hai| ataH yaha kahanA : ki prAtmavAda 'nirAdhAra hai aura kevala paramparAgata vizvAsoM para TikA huaA hai, ThIka nhiiN|

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214 vaijJAnika saMdarbha rahI paramparA to vaha bhI itanI halkI nahIM hotii| kisI ne ThIka kahA hai ki zatAbdiyoM ke jIvana se itihAsa vanatA hai aura sadiyoM ke itihAsa se paramparA / isa paramparA ko sthiratA aura mAnyatA dene meM asaMkhya janatA kI jIvanamayI prayogazAlA sakriya rahatI hai| use yoM hI nahIM ThukarA diyA jA sktaa| dharma kI buniyAda anubhava : dharma ke anubhavAtmaka svarUpa para sarvAdhika bala hindU dharma meM diyA gayA hai / hindU dharma kA prayoga yahAM una saba dharmoM ke lie diyA gayA hai jo punarjanma meM vizvAsa karate haiN| hindustAna kI dharA para utpanna hone vAlA cAhe naigamika aura prAgamika paramparA se saMbaddha ho athavA jaina aura vauddha, sabhI punarjanma meM AsthA rakhate haiM / yadyapi yaha sahI hai ki pratyeka dharma apane puraskartA ke anubhava para hI pratiSThita hai| veda kA nAma hI jJAna hai jisake draSTA RSa haiM, sraSTA nahIM / vauddha buddha ke bodhi para hI kendrita hai / jaina dharma kA sava kucha tIrthaMkaroM kA anubhava hai| mUsA ne bhI jalatI huI jhAr3I meM Izvara ko dekhA thA aura elijA ne divya anAhatanAda sunA thA / kahAM taka kahA jAya sabhI dharmo kI buniyAda anubhava hai| rahA yaha ki sabhI dharmoM kI mUla mAnyatAnoM meM, AsamAnI kitAboM meM jo matabheda hai-aura pArasparika virodha vaza jo pArasparika amAnyatA kA savAla hai, vaha vyaktigata anubhava vaicitrya tathA usakI pratIkAtmaka bhASA ke kAraNa hai| anyathA svAmI rAmakRSNa ke viSaya meM prasiddha hI hai ki unhoMne sabhI dharmoM kI sAdhanAeM anuSThita kI thIM aura aMtataH isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce ki sabhI ekamata haiM sava ora se eka hI gaMtavya para pahuMcA jA sakatA hai / virodha khaNDita bhUmikA ke draSTA kI dRSTivaza hai-dRSTi koNa vaza hai| . vibhinna adhyAtmavAdiyoM kI upalabdhiyoM meM pArasparika virodha jinheM dikhAI par3atA hai. unheM vijJAna kI vibhinna zAkhAoM se upalavya mAnyatAoM meM virodha kyoM nahIM dikhatA ? virova to vahAM bhI hai aura vijJAna apanI satyAnveSaNa prakriyA meM svayaM pUrvavartI niSpattiyoM ko paravartI upalabdhiyoM ke Aloka meM agrAhya ThaharA detA hai / jIvana-satya tarka se pare: ___rahI, tarkAtIta hone kI bAta / avyAtma ke sambandha meM to, usake viSaya meM 'mahAvIra merI dRSTi meM' ke bhUmikA lekhaka kI bAta mujhe paryApta saMgata lagatI hai| unhoMne kahA hai'takaM virodha ko svIkAra nahIM karatA, kintu jIvana virodhI tattvoM se hI banA hai| isalie jIvana tarka ko pakar3a se cUka jAtA hai| ataH jIvana kA satya tarka meM nahIM, tarka se pare hai / ' jaina zAstra kahate hI haiM-savve sarANiyahaMti takkA jatthana vijjati / mati tatthanaM gA hitA (yAcArAMga) isa virova kI saMgati anubhava hI lagA sakatA hai| adhyAtma aura tanmUlaka mAnyatAoM meM AsthA rakhane ke liye yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki vijJAna kI mAnyatAmoM se abhibhUta hokara usakI parIkSA kI jAya athavA ziznodaradarI pUrti ke saMdarbha meM prApta anubhavoM para prAkRta saMskAroM ke Aloka meM unheM dekhA jAya / unake prati prAsthAvAna hone ke lie Avazyaka hai unakI 'sAdhanA' aura unakI 'dRSTi' pakar3I jAya /

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vaijJAnika aura takanIkI vikAsa se utpanna mAnavIya samasyAeM aura mahAvIra 'dRSTi' meM jitanA samyaktva prAyegA, cAritra utanA hI utkRSTa hogA / savAla yaha hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI upalabdhiyoM ko grAja ke jIvana se kyoM jor3A jAya ? 215 Aja kA sArvabhauma jIvana : vastutaH prAja kA sArvabhauma jIvana paraloka se loka kI ora, aura loka meM bhI samaSTi se vyaSTi kI ora, aura vyaSTi meM bhI AtmA se zarIra kI prora uttarottara mur3atA calA jA rahA hai / zarIra kI AvazyakatAeM sarvopari zrAvazyakatA samajhI jAtI hai aura usakI pUrti ke lie vyAvasAyika pratisparddhA kI grAga lagI huI hai / jIvana kA aisA koI bhI kSetra nahIM hai jahAM vyAvasAyika pratisparddhA nahIM hai, lenadena kI saragarmI nahIM hai / pariNAmataH 'parigraha' kI mAtrA bar3hatI jA rahI hai / hamArA sArA prayAsa vahIM kendrita hai / vijJAna aura takanIkI prayAsa bhI mAnava kI isI vRtti kI tuSTi meM saMlagna hai / vijJAna aura takanIkI prayAsoM kI saMbhAvanAeM cAhe jo hoM, para unakA viniyoga karane vAle mAnava ke hAtha 'parigraha' prerita haiM--- phalataH ve pratisparddhA meM unakA upayoga kara rahe haiM aura zakti tathA sattA ke prajana meM yuddha kI vibhISikA khar3I kara rahe haiM / isa bhayAvaha pariNAma se yadi bacanA hai to bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dvArA grAdiSTa mahAvratoM aura vratoM kI ora lauTanA hogA aura samajhanA hogA unakI paramArtha dRSTi ko / candrayAna kI yAtrA, bahirjagat kI yAtrA : kahA jA sakatA hai ki DhAI hajAra varSa purAnA samAdhAna vartamAna saMdarbha meM kisa kAma kA ? bailagAr3I aura candrayAna kA itanA bar3A vyavadhAna ! kyA ve tatkAlIna samAdhAna isa vyavadhAna ko pAra kara sakeMge ? isa viSaya meM spaSTa uttara yaha hai ki bailagAr3I se caMdrayAna kI yAtrA vahirjagata kI yAtrA hai, mahAvIra ke samAdhAna aura unakI mAnyatAeM aMtarjagat kI yAtrA ke lie haiM | aMtarjagat kA satya zAzvata aura ciraMtana satya hai--usakI upalabdhi ke sopAna haiM-- asteya, aparigraha, ahiMsA, satya aura brahmacarya / zraura ina sabake sAtha unakI zranekAntavAdI dRSTi | pAMca mahAvratoM meM se tIna nipedhAtmaka arthAt pahale tIna kisI sattAvAn ke niSedha kI anivArya pariNati haiM / ina tInoM meM bhI mahatvapUrNa hai-- hiMsA | hiMsA ke niSedha se anivArya phalita pracAra hai / hiMsAtmakA vRtti ke zeSa rahate hI caurya aura parigraha saMbhava hai / yadi caurya aura parigraha pranAkAMkSita haiM - to phira hiMsA kisalie ? yaha hiMsA kartavyabuddhayA nahIM | samyak cAritra kA visphoTa : isIlie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pahale samyak darzana, taba samyak jJAna aura phira samyak cAritra kI bAta kahI hai / samyak darzana, samyak dRSTi kA hI nAmAntara hai, jo 'satya' kI grAhikA hai / yahI dRSTi sthira aura paripakva hokara 'samyak jJAna' bana jAtI hai / samyak cAritra isI kA visphoTa hai-- isI kI zranivArya pariNati hai / sArA sudhAra adhyAtmavAda ke anusAra bhItara se bAhara kI ora hotA hai / mahApuruSoM ke caritra ke anukaraNa se vAJchita ko upalabdhi nahIM hogI, pratyut 'satya' ke darzana aura jJAna se cAritra kI sugaMdha svataH phUTa

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216 vaijJAnika saMdarbha nikalegI / ataH navase bar3I cIja hai-upavAsa / upavAsa anazana kA paryAya nahIM hai, pratyuta vaha hai-samIpavAsa, caramasatya ke samIpa pahuMcane kA samAdhyAtmaka prayAsa / isa tapa se usa satya kA sAkSAtkAra ho jaaygaa| na cantri Upara se thopA huA samyak caritra hai aura na. dAna tathA jJAna hii| darzana aAtmanihita satya kI upalabdhi hai, jJAna usI kA paripAka hai aura cantri usI kI pariNati / isI 'satya' kI upalabdhi ke mArga haiM--asteya, aparigraha tathA ahiNsaa| inameM bhI ahiMsA pramukha hai jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai| hiMsAtmikA vRtti ke asta hote hI jo pUrvata: vidyamAna sthiti vyakta ho jAtI hai vaha hai 'ahiNsaa'| isa vRtti ke udita hone para corya aura paritraha svayam zAMta ho jAte haiM, phalataH 'satya' kA 'darzana' hotA hai aura brahmacarya usI kA vAhya prakAza hai| anekAntavAdI haSTi ke pravartaka bhagavAn mahAvIra vicAroM meM bhI ahiMsaka haiN| yaha anekAntavAdI dRSTi jise mila jAya usameM hiMsA vRtti kA nipeva ho hI jaaygaa| astitva kA Antarika bodha : apane astitva kA boya pratyeka vyakti cAhatA hai / isI ke lie yaha sArA saMgharSa hai| para Aja kA aura aAja kA hI nahIM, sadA kA parigrahI aura hiMsaka mAnava-pazu isa 'astitva' kA bova dUsaroM kA dhyAna apanI ora AkRSTa karake kara pAtA hai, anya nirapekSa hokara nhiiN| vAstava meM 'astitva ke prAMtarika rUpa kA bodha jise mahAvIra nirdiSTa 'ahimA' aura 'anekAntavAdI' paddhati se ho cukA hai-vaha apane 'astitva' ko nirapekSa pUrNatA kA sAkSAtkAra kara cukA hotA hai / ataH vaha svayaM meM itanI tRpti kA anubhava karatA hai ki use prAtmetara kA mAdhyama nahIM apanAnA pdd'taa| vaha kevalI' ho jAtA hai| para Atmetara mAdhyama se apane 'astitva' kA boya karane vAlA cora, parigrahI tathA hiMsaka hotA hai| ye hI ve mAdhyama haiM usakI dRSTi meM, jinase vaha dUsaroM kA dhyAna apanI ora kendrita phagatA hai aura isa rAste apane astitva kA doya karatA hai| para-sApekSa astitva kA vova 'durahatA' kA vodha hai jo vizva ke lie ghAtaka hai aura para-nirapekSa astitva kA vodha nirmala bhAtmA kA svarUpa bodha hai jo prAtmakalyANa aura vizvakalyANa donoM kA sAdhaka hai, donoM ke lie anukUla hai| isa prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA nirdiSTa adhyAtmamUlaka patha ke pracAra-pramAra se prAropita prAcAra kI jagaha svataH sphUrta sadAcAra vyakti-vyakti meM prakaTa hogA, vartamAna panminI yuga meM prAtmakalyANa aura loka-kalyANa kI dizA meM yaha sarvathA pora sarvopari upayogI hogaa|

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saptama khaNDa manovaijJAnika saMdarbha Ec

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sumati kA patra viveka ke nAma bhagavAna mahAvIra kI ve bAteM jo Aja bhI upayogI haiM * zrI umeza muni 'aNu' AyupmAna viveka ! tumhArA patra milaa| kuzala vArtA vidita huii| vizepa-tumane apanI mAnasika ulajhanoM kA ullekha karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra kI ve bAteM jo Aja bhI upayogI haiM-isa viSaya meM jAnanA cAhA hai| bandhu ! ho sakatA hai, ki tumhArI isa jijJAsA meM Aja ke pravuddha jaina navayuvakoM kI jijJAsA hI bola rahI ho / parantu mujhe pahale to tumhArI vAta jarA aTapaTI lagI, kyoMki zraddhA-pradhAna vyakti ke samakSa aisI bAta Ane para use yaha AzaMkA honA svAbhAvika hai. ki-'kyA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI aisI bhI bAteM hai, jo isa yuga meM nirupayogI ho gaI haiM ?' vastutaH zraddhAlu vyakti ko apane zraddheya kI pratyeka vAta pratyeka yuga meM upayogI hI pratIta hotI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra apane ArAdhya hone ke kAraNa mujhe bhI unake upadeza meM koI bhI bAta nirarthaka nahIM dikhAI detI hai| para maiM kevala zraddhA ke kAraNa hI yaha bAta kaha rahA hUM-aisA nahIM hai / vastutaH cintana-vihaga kAla-kSitija ke pAra pahuMca kara yahI darzana karatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI deza-kAla ko bhedane vAlI divya dRSTi se padArthoM kI bAhya-yAbhyantara sArvakAlika avasthAoM ko dekhakara, apane upadezoM meM jIvoM kI antaraMga vRttiyoM kA vizlepaNa kiyA hai aura vRttiyoM ke malina hone ke kAraNoM ko batA kara, unheM pariSkRta karake yAtmastha karane kI vidhiyAM batAI haiN|' ataH jaba taka jIvoM meM malina vRttiyA~ raheMgI, taba taka bhagavAna mahAvIra kI bAteM upayogI rheNgii| phira bhI tumhArI jijJAsA anucita hai--aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki Aja ke sAhityika vAtAvaraNa, sAmAjika sthiti, dharma-sAdhakoM ke zithila manovala, vartamAna kI vaijJAnika upalabdhiyoM kI cakAcauMdha se utpanna mAnavIya zakti ke ahaMkAra aura Adhunika zikSA-paddhati ke kAraNa aisI jijJAsA utpanna ho sakatI hai| jijJAsA, jijJAsA 1. Asravo bhavahetuH syAt, saMvaro mokSa kAraNam / itIyamArhatI dRSTi-ranyadasyAH prapaJcanam / /

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manovaijJAnika saMdarbha hI hai / svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne hI mumukSutroM ko yaha adhikAra diyA hai, ki ve vividha dRSTiyoM se svayaM tatva-nirNaya kareM / ataH jijJAsA jaba ho cukI hai to usakA samAdhAna honA hI caahie| maiM dAvA to nahIM kara sakatA hUM, ki tumhArI jijJAsA kA pUrNataH samAdhAna kara dUMgA, para bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadeza pratIta kAla meM jitane upayogI rahe haiM utane samprati bhI upayogI haiM aura bhaviSya meM bhI upayogI raheMge -- isa Azaya se tumhAre cintana ko kucha dizA-bodha karAne ke lie, kucha prayatna kara rahA hUM / 220 vartamAna yuga kI sthiti : - Aja ke yuga kI kaisI sthiti hai ? - yaha hamase chipI nahIM hai / hama isI yuga meM sAMsa le rahe haiM / phira isa yuga ke spandana hameM kyoM na vidita hoMge ? Aja kisI bhI kSetra meM (dhArmika, sAmAjika, zAsakIya, pArasparika vyavahAra Adi kSetra meM ) saccAritra kI AsthA mara rahI hai / vyakti ke kuNThAgrasta hone kA zora hai / sambandhoM kI snehilatA aura nirmalatA samApta ho rahI hai / saiksa ke viSaya meM Adhunika dRSTikoNa ne naitikatA, sAmAjikatA, dhArmikatA zrAdi kI dhajjiyAM ur3Akara, samasta mAnavIya samvandhoM ko dhunvalA kara diyA hai / jo hIna hai, tuccha hai, nimna starIya bhAva hai -- usameM yathArtha kI pratIti ke kAraNa mAnava Adarza kI uccatA kho baiThA hai / yAntrikatA aura bhautikatA - pradhAna saMskRti ne yugamAnasa meM zatazaH granthiyoM ko utpanna kara diyA hai / AjakI ruciyAM bhI kitanI vicitra haiM ? bhoga-bhAvanA ne ruciyoM ko kitanA malina vanA diyA hai ? mAnava hRdaya grahaMkAra-yukta mahatvAkAMkSA kA siMhAsana vanA huA hai / sukha ke vipula sAdhana jur3a rahe haiM, phira bhI duHkha pIchA nahIM chor3a rahA hai / vaijJAnika anveSaNoM kI nirantara pragati hote hue bhI grAjakA yugavodha kitane saMkucita kSetra meM cakkara kATa rahA hai ? vizAla janasamUha meM rahate hue bhI mAnava akelepana ke grahasAsa se saMtrasta hai ! - bhItarI TUTana, ghuTana aura Uba se kitanA pIr3ita hai-- grAja kA mAnava ? vastutaH anAsthA, asantoSa aura prazAnti hI Aja ke yuga meM vyApta hai / yaha yuga citraNa prAyaH zrAja ke manISiyoM ke zabdoM meM hI kiyA gayA hai / parantu merI samajha meM karmayuga meM jaba-jaba sabhyatA bhoga-pradhAna ho uThatI hai aura saMskRti vahirmukhamAtra jar3atA aura vaipayikatA ko prazraya dene vAlI -- ho uThatI hai, taba-taba ye samasyAye vizeSa rUpa se ubharatI AI haiM athavA karmayuga kI kucha aisI hI vizeSatA hai, ki thor3e bahuta antara se, usameM pratyeka kAla meM zrAtmagata dabI huI vikRtiyAM mukhara hokara, isa prakAra kI samasyAoM ko janma detI grAI haiM--bhale hI unakA bAharI jAmA bhinna ho / mujhe lagatA hai, ki- karmayuga kI hRdaya ko jhakajhora dene vAlI isa vizeSatA ke kAraNa hI, karmayuga ke pravartaka yugAdideva bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne, karmayuga ke prArambha kAla meM hI, una grAntarika samasyAoM kA hala karane vAle upAya ke rUpa meM, dharma kA upadeza diyA hogA / grarthAt karmayuga ke sAtha yaha viDaMbanA jur3I huI hai / ataH sAdhanA patha ke pathikoM ke lie ye samasyAeM naI nahIM hai / kyoMki grAtmasAdhaka anAsthA Adi antara-granthiyoM ko bhedakara hI sAdhanAmArga meM Age bar3ha sakatA hai / 7

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI ve vAteM jo Aja bhI upayogI haiN| jIva tuccha granthiyoM se grasta : bhagavAn mahAvIra ne samasta jIvoM ke traikAlika antaraMga pariNAmoM ko spaSTa rUpa se dekhA / bhagavAn ke tatva darzana ke anusAra, jIva mAtra anAdi kAla se asaMskRta hai / ' ataH apane Apa meM paramAtma svarUpa kI sattA lie hue bhI tuccha granthiyoM se grasta hai / grAtmagata saMskAra vihInatA ke kAraNa jIva bandhana meM par3A huA hai / bhagavAn ne jIva kI ina bhAva-granthiyoM kA vibhinna rUpa meM vibhinna zailiyoM meM nirUpaNa kiyA hai / grAcAryo ne bhagavAn ke grAzayAnusAra granthiyoM ke caudaha prakAroM kA saMkalana kiyA hai / ve isa prakAra haiM-- *** | ( 1 ) mithyAtatva ( = mithyA zraddhA, anAsthA), (2) krodha ( = uttapta bhAvAvega), (3) mAna ( = ghamaNDa, tanAva se yukta bhAvAvega), (4) mAyA ( = chala-kapaTa, durAva - chipAva, vakratA ), (5) lobha ( = lAlaca, lAlasA, vastutroM se cipaTane kI bhAva vikRti ), (6) hAsa ( = haMsI maz2Aka, kautukavRtti yAdi), (7) rati (= vaikArika bhAvoM yA kAryoM Adi meM ruci), (8) grarati ( = Uva, ukatAhaTa, saMyama meM aruci ), ( 9 ) bhaya, (10) zoka ( cintA ), (11) jugupsA ( = ghRNA, sUga), (12) strIveda (= purupa se ramaNa kI icchA ), (11) puruSaveda ( = strI se ramaNa kI icchA ) aura (14) napuMsakaveda ( = strI-puruSa donoM se ramaNa kI icchA ) 13 ina grAbhyantara granthiyoM meM Ajakala kI samasta grAntarika ulajhanoM kA prAyaH samAveza ho jAtA hai / ina granthiyoM ke vAhya nimitta ke rUpa meM kSetra (= khulI jamIna), vAstu ( ( = makAna prAdi zilpa se DhaMkI huI bhUmi), hiraNya, svarNa, dhana, dhAnya, dvipada, catuSpada yAdi parigraha haiM arthAt inakI Atmika pakar3a se-- cAha se bhItarI ulajhanoM kI vRddhi hotI hai / ina Abhyantara granthiyoM ko grAbhyantara grantha yA parigraha aura inake bAhya nimitta kSetrAdi ko bAhya grantha yA parigraha bhI kahA gayA hai / ina samasta ulajhanoM ke mUla kAraNa ( = kSetrAdi ke samagra rUpa se AtmA ke pakar3a rUpa bhAva ) do prakAra ke (1) rAga baMdhana (= padArthoM meM ruci rUpa grAtmika ulajhanaM ) aura (2) dveSa bandhana ( = padArtho meM graruci rUpa grAtmika ulajhana ) / 4 ina kAraNoM kI vizeSa sthitiyoM aura stara kI apekSA se inakA bandha ke pAMca hetu ( = grAsrava) ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai / yathA-- - ( 1 ) mithyAtva ( = sattatvoM meM anAsthA, pratIti, aruci aura grasattatvoM meM grAsthA, pratIti aura ruci), (2) gravirati ( = AtmamalinatA ke hetutroM se virata nahIM honA - lagAva nahIM khIMcanA aura unhIM meM saMlagna rahanA tathA 1. prasaMkhayaM jIviyaM - uttara0 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 221 ajjhajjhaheu niyayassa baMdho -- uttara0 14 / 16. micchataM vaiyatigaM hAsAichakkagaM ca nAyavvaM / kauhAIraNaM cakkaM caudasa abhiMtarogaMTho // Avasya, paDikkamaraNadaNDaga | - ratnasaMcaya, gA0 349 // - uttara0 32 / 7 /

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133 manovaijJAnika saMdarbha Atmazuddhi ke hetuoM se lagAva nahIM honA, satsaMkalpa kI hInatA), (3) pramAda (=AtmamalinatA ke hetuoM se asAvadhAna rahanA, vaipayika pravRtti Adi), (4) kapAya (=grAvezoM ke vazIbhUta honA) aura (5) yoga (=mana, vacana aura kAyA kI kriyA para niyantraNa nahIM rakhanA yA kriyA ko nahIM rokanA aura kriyA kA vistAra krnaa)|' yadi hama gaharAI se vicAra kareM to hameM vidita hogA ki prAyaH Adhunikatama mAnava aAja ina pAMcoM kAraNoM ke punaH punaH sevana meM hI jIvana kI yathArthatA, sArthakatA, kRtArthatA aura pragatizIlatA samajhatA hai / granthiyoM se mukta hone kI prakriyA : yaha bhagavAn mahAvIra deva kI vANI ke mAdhyama se Aja ke yuga kI vikRtiyoM kA nidAna aura vikRtiyoM ke kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa huA / ava vikRtiyoM aura vikRtiyoM ke kAraNa nivAraNa karane ke upAyoM ke viSaya meM vicAra karanA hai| vastutaH vikRtiyoM ke kAraNoM kA abhAva hone para vikRtiyAM svataH hI samApta ho jAtI haiN| ataH vikRtiyoM ke kAraNoM ko haTAne ke upAyoM kA vicAra karanA yogya hai| mithyAtva (=atatva meM rAga aura tatva meM dvApa) se AsthA, pratIti aura ruci meM vikRti paidA hotI hai| ataH AsthA Adi kI zuddhi ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| prAsthA kI dRr3hatA : bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jIvana kI nirmalatA ke lie samajha kI zuddhi aura buddhi kI sthiratA ko prAthamikatA dI hai / bhagavAn apane upadezoM meM pahale isI bAta kI preraNA dete aura krama se unake upAyoM kA pratipAdana karate the| usa preraNA aura upAyoM kI paddhati ko 'astitvavAda' kahA jA sakatA hai| hama usa paddhati kA aAja pariveza meM vicAra karate haiM (a) loka-astitva-loka aura aloka ke astitva ke vipaya meM atIta meM bhI aneka vibhrama rahe haiM aura Aja bhI haiM / loka-sattA ko svIkAra nahIM karane para mithyA bhAva kI granthi par3a jAtI hai aura mithyA bhAva samasta vikRtiyoM kA mUla kAraNa hai| ataH usa mithyAbhAva ke nivAraNa ke lie, loka-aloka ke astitva ko svIkAra karanA caahie| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai-'atthi loe, atthi aloe' arthAt loka hai aura aloka bhI hai| bhagavAn ne jisa rUpa meM loka-svarUpa kA varNana kiyA hai aura jina tatvoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, usase Adhunika vijJAna bhI sammata hotA jA rahA hai / bhagavAn ne paDdravyAtmaka loka aura AkAza mAtra aloka kA varNana kiyA hai / 3 1. tatvArtha sUtra 8 / 1, ThANa 5 / 2. uvavAiya sutta 34 / 3. bhagavaI 2 / 10 /

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI ve bAteM jo Aja bhI upayogI haiM 223 (A) jIvAjIva-astitva-vaijJAnika anveSaNoM ke AdhAra se, Aja kaI jana jIva ke astitva se inkAra karate haiM aura kaI tathAkathita zuddha dArzanika ajIva kA astitva nahIM mAnate haiM / parantu bhagavAn ke tatva darzana ke anusAra, jIvAjIva ke astitva ko nahIM mAnane se anAsthA kA svara mukhara hotA hai aura ahiMsA, satya Adi kI jIvana meM anAvazyakatA aura vipaya-bhogoM kI sAratA pratIta hotI hai / phira manuSya ApA-dhApI meM DUba jAtA hai / ataH bhagavAn ne ina bhAvanAoM ke pratikAra ke lie kahA hai-'jIva haiM aura ajIva haiN| jIva aura ajIva ke astitva ko mAnakara hI anAsthA ko nirmUla kiyA jA sakatA hai / jIva-ajIva ke astitva kI zraddhA se hI sacce AtmavizvAsa kA janma hotA hai aura prAtma-vikAsa meM ruci utpanna hotI hai / (i) prAtma-hInatA aura uccatA kA astitva-yAtmA meM malinatA bhI hai aura uccatA bhI / AtmA hIna pravRtti bhI hai aura ucca pravRtti bhii| aAtmA baddha bhI hai aura mukta bhI ho sakatI hai| Aja baMdha, mokSa, puNya, pApa Adi ko nirI kalpanA hI kahA aura mAnA jAne lagA hai / jo apane Apako darzanazAstra-vettA mAnate haiM, ve bhI darzana ke tatvoM ke itihAsa likhane ke bahAne ina tatvoM ko kinhIM kalpanAoM se prasUta yA vikasita huyA batalAte haiN| parantu aisA mAnane se anAsthA kI hI vRddhi hotI hai / ina tatvoM ko nakArane se----- baMdha, mokSa, puNya, pApa, nirjarAdi tatvoM kI anAsthA se-sAmAjika yA naitika aparAdhoM kI sRSTi hotI hai aura AtmA patana ke garta meM gira par3atI hai / isI lie bhagavAna ne kahA hai-'bandha (=jIva aura pudgala kA nIra-kSIravat sambandha) hai, mokSa (=samasta karmo se rahita zuddha va caitanya avasthA) hai, puNya hai, pApa hai, Asrava (grAtmA meM karma ke praveza dvAra rUpa bhAva) hai, saMvara ( AtmA meM praviSTa hone vAle karmo ko rokane vAle yAtmapariNAma) hai, vedanA (=karma phala kA bhoga) hai aura nirjarA (=karmoM ko AtmA se dUra karane vAle prAtmapariNAma) hai| vastutaH ina tatvoM ke pratipAdana se bhagavAn ne AtmA ke vaddha aura mukta svarUpa kA, sAMsArika sukha-duHkha ke hetuoM kA, yAtmA meM sukha-duHkha ke hetu rUpa karmoM ke praveza ke kAraNoM kA, unako rokane ke upAyoM kA, karmo ke bhogane kA aura karmoM ke kSaya karane ke upAyoM kA varNana karake, AtmA kA sAdhanA ke yogya samasta paricaya de diyA hai, jisase manuSya kI apane viSaya meM jAnane kI jijJAsA Aja bhI tRpta ho sakatI hai| (I) mAnava-vikAsa ke stara-yAja mAnava kI zaktiyoM aura usake vikAsa ke stara evaM svarUpa ko, yathArthatA ke nAma para bahuta hI baunA karake dekhA jAtA hai| apane svarUpa ko hIna rUpa meM dekhane se mAnava meM udAtta bhAvoM ke utkarSa kA abhAva ho jAtA hai aura jIvana meM nIrasatA A jAtI hai, jo Uba aura kuNThA ke rUpa meM vyakta hotI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mAnava-mana kI hInatA kA prakSAlana karane ke lie, usake bAhyaAbhyantara vikAsa ke sarvocca zikhara rUpa vyaktiyoM ko apanI divya dRSTi se dekhakara, unake 8" ' hA 1. uvavAiya sutta 34 / 2. uvavAiya sutta 34 /

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224 manovaijJAnika saMdarbha svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karane se pUrva kahA-'arihaMta haiM, cakravartI haiM, valadeva haiM, vAsudeva haiN| sarvocca lokottara purupa arhat aura sarvocca laukika purupa cakravartI, baladeva aura vasudeva kA astitva mAnane para satkarmoM kI saphalatA vidita hotI hai aura mAnava ke bhavya tathA ucca svarUpa meM AsthA hone se jIvana meM utsAha aura zubha kAryoM meM vizeSa bhAva utpanna hotA hai| (u) paraloka - astitva-paraloka ke astitva ke vipaya meM atIta meM bhI cArvAka darzana se prerita vyakti zaMkAzIla rahe haiN| Aja bhI kaI manIpI paraloka ke astitva ko nahIM mAnate haiM / sAmAnya jIvoM meM bhI isa viSaya meM apanA viziSTa nirNaya nahIM hotA hai| paraloka meM anAsthA se aneka praznoM kA sahI samAdhAna nahIM ho sakatA hai aura zubha bhAvanA meM gaharAI nahIM A sakatI hai| bhagavAn ne jo dekhA use spaSTa rUpa se yoM kahA-'naraka haiM, nairayika haiM, tiryanca haiM, tiryanvaniyAM haiM,......"deva haiM, devaloka haiM / arthAt manuSyettara jIvoM kA astitva hai aura unake nivAsa sthAna bhI haiN| eka-dUsarI yoni meM jIvoM kA janma bhI hotA hai| (U) sambandha-astitva-jaba upadezaka sambandhoM ko mAyA jAla, sapane kI mAyA mithyA Adi kahate haiM, tava unakA uddezya sambandhoM ke astitva kA niSedha karane kA nahIM hotA hai / yadi sacamuca meM vyavahAra-dRSTi se bhI sambandhoM ke astitva kI dhajjiyAM ur3AdI jAtI haiN| to kaI vyAvahArika, sAmAjika aura naitika samasyAeM utpanna ho jAtI haiN| phrAyaDa ke saiksa vizlepaNa ko Aja kI cetanA ne galata rUpa meM liyA hai, jisase mAtA, pitA, bhAI, bahina, pati, patnI Adi ke sambandhoM kA pavitrAMza vinaSTa-sA ho rahA hai| Aja kA sabhya mAnava aisI sthiti meM pahuMcatA huA pratIta ho rahA hai ki jahAM saiksa ke nara-nArI rUpa do kendroM ko chor3akara sabhI sambandha vilupta ho jAte haiM / parantu sambandhoM kI bhAvanA kalpanA meM hote hue bhI--'unakA astitva vilakula nahIM hai, yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki una sambandhoM kI bhAvanA kA bhI kucha na kucha vAhya AdhAra hai hI aura bhAvanAoM kA astitva bhI to astitva hI hai na ! ataH jo hai, usakA usa kAla meM astitva nahIM mAnane se anekAneka samasyAeM utpanna ho jAtI haiM / Aja mAtA-pitA ko ujar3atA se aise kahate hue putra mila jAyeMge ki 'Apane hameM janma dekara, hamAre lie kyA upakAra kiyA ? Apane apane jIvana kA Ananda lenA cAhA aura vIca meM anivArya rUpa se hama A Tapake' / parantu ina sambandhoM ke nirmalatA ke aMza kI kaI dRSTiyoM se rakSA karanA yogya hai| ataH bhagavAn ne kahA hai 'mAtA hai, pitA hai.......'2 naitikatA kI sudRr3hatA ke lie sambandha mAnya hone cAhiye / mani - astitva-Aja tyAga ke prati aruci paidA hotI jA rahI hai aura manuSyoM ke eka varga meM tyAga ko pradarzana, DhoMga Adi samajhane-samajhAne kI vRtti paidA ho rahI hai| zrAvanika zikSA aura sukha-suvidhA ke sAdhanoM kI bahulatA ne manuSya kI kapTa-sahiSNutA 1. uvavAiya sutta 34 / 2. vahI /

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI ve bAteM jo Aja bhI upayogI haiM 225 ko naSTa kara diyA hai| ataH Adhunika zikSita mAnasa, nUtana zRgAra-sajjA meM lipta mAnasa, vItarAga prabhu ke dvArA upadiSTa parama tyAga se * maNDita munitva ke lie-parama vairAgya bIja ke lie, anurvara baMjara bhUmi-sA ho gayA hai / dUsarI ora mAnava kA abhimAnI mana apanI durvalatA ko svIkAra karanA bhI nahIM cAhatA hai / aisI manovRtti se sAdhutva ke prati hI : avizvAsa hone lagatA hai| vaha kahatA hai-'koI sAdhu ho hI nahIM sakatA, "sAdhuvAvAoM kA yuga lada gayA,' 'sAdhutva jIvana se palAyana haiM,' 'vijJAna ke yuga meM sAdhu bananA vRthA hai,' 'sAdhutA to mana meM honI cAhie,' "sAdhu kA vAnA lenA DhoMga hai, Adi / isa prakAra munitva-niSedha kA svara dina-pratidina mukhara hotA jA rahA hai| yaha satya hai, ki munitva ke nAma para Dhoga bhI calatA hai / parantu sacce sAdhu haiM hI nahIM aisA nahIM hai aura muniyoM kA na honA saMgha, samAja yA vyakti kisI ke bhI lie hitakara nahIM hai / muni ke astitva ko miTAne se satya-sAdhakoM kI paramparA aura udAtta bhAvoM ke saMrakSaka naSTa ho jAte haiM aura munItva ko nakArane se vyakti satya darzana kI sAdhanA kI upalabdhi se vaMcita ho jAtA hai| ataH bhagavAn ne kahA-'Rpi haiM.1 satya ke sAdhaka aura dRSTA muniyoM kA astitva mAnakara hI unase lAbhAnvita ho sakatA hai / (e) zuddha caitanya - astitva-paramAtmA-sattA se iMkAra karanA bhI Aja kI eka vizepatA hai / vastutaH jIvana ke carama aura parama lakSya ke viSaya meM, jana sAmAnya na to kucha vicAra hI karatA hai, na nirNaya hI letA hai aura na kucha vizvAsI hI hai| parantu paramAtma-sattA se iMkAra karane se aura use apane carama lakSya ke rUpa meM svIkAra na karane se zuddha cAritrya bhI niSphala ho jAtA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mAnava mana kI isa vivekazUnyatA ko dUra karane ke lie kahA-'siddhi hai, siddha hai, parinirvANa hai, parinivRtti hai....2 samasta jJAna-vijJAna aura cAritra kI vyavasthita siddhi ke lie zuddha caitanya meM AsthA Avazyaka hai / (ai) dharma - adharma - astitva-jitanI nimnatama vRttiyAM yathArtha haiM, utanI hI uccatama vRttiyAM bhI yathArtha haiM / eka ko yathArtha mAnakara, dUsarI ko ayathArtha mAnanA yogya nahIM hai| azubha ko -- aziva ko yathArtha mAnakara, usakA astitva jIvana meM svIkAra karanA aura zubha ko - ziva ko ayathArtha mAnakara jIvana meM usake astitva ko svIkAra nahIM karanA, cira kAla-sthAyI duHkha ko AmaMtraNa denA . aura jIvana meM bhAva-vaibhava ke prakaTa hone ke mArga ko avaruddha karanA hai| azubha ko azubharUpa meM aura zubha ko zubha rUpa meM mAnane para hI azubha se nivRtta hokara, zubha meM pravRtta hone kI icchA hotI hai| bhagavAn ne isa tathya ko ujAgara karane ke lie kahA hai-'prANAtipAtahai, mRpAvAda hai, adattAdAna hai, maiyuna hai, parigraha hai, krova hai "mithyAdarzana - zalya hai aura prANAtipAta viramaNa hai, mRpAvAda viramaNa hai"krova viveka hai" mithyA darzana zalya-viveka hai|' 1. uvavAiya0 34 // 2. vhii| 3. vhii|

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226 grAsthA ko jamAne ke viSaya meM ye 'astitvavAda' kA pratipAdana karake, vyaktiyoM ke ko dRr3ha karate the / manovaijJAnika saMdarbha mukhya mudde haiM / bhagavAn vividha yuktiyoM se zraddhA guNa ko pariSkRta karate the grAsthA bhagavAn ke 'grastitvavAda' ke pratipAdana se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai, ki jo hai, use 'hai' aura jo nahIM hai, use 'nahIM hai' hI mAnanA cAhie / jo hai, use 'nahIM hai' aura jo nahIM hai, use 'hai' mAnane se grAsthA vikRta hotI hai / mithyA grAsthA se mithyAjJAna aura cAritra hInatA kA hI udbhava hotA hai, samyag jJAna aura cAritra - zIlatA kA nahIM / indrabhUti gautama gaNadhara ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kA udghopa, anya taithikoM ko isa prakAra sunAyA - 'hama jo hai use 'nahIM hai' nahIM kahate haiM aura jo nahIM hai use 'hai' nahIM kahate haiM / sarva asti bhAva ko 'grasti' kahate haiM aura sarva nAstibhAva ko 'nAsti' kahate haiM / " yaha hai bhagavAna kA ' yathAsthita vastuvAdI darzana' / pratoti kA pariSkAra : tarka - zuddha sthira buddhi ko pratIti kahate haiM / jaba tarka sImA kA atikramaNa karane lagatA hai, taba vaha azuddha ho jAtA hai aura pratIti meM bhI mAlinya utpanna kara detA hai / 'bhrama yA vibhrama bhI pratIti kA hI malina rUpa hai / pratIti ke grAtmika, sAmAjika, dArzanika, vaijJAnika Adi stara para kaI malina avasthAeM hotI haiM / pratIti kI zuddhi hI vigraha, kadAgraha yAdi kA mUla hai / bhagavAn ne tarka aura pritIti ke pariSkAra ke lie nikSepa, nayavAda, pramANavAda, syAdvAda, karmavAda yAdi kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / naya, nikSepa Adi kA tarka se sAkSAt sambandha hai aura bhAva- pratIti kA mAkSAn sambandha karmavAda se hai / Aja manuSya ko dayA, satya, acaurya, nyAya, nIti yAdi zubha bhAvoM kA vipannatA. zrasammAna. duHkha, hInatA yAdi azubha phala dikhAI dete haiM aura hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, anyAya, pranIti, krUratA, tikar3amavAjI Adi azubha bhAvoM kA sampannatA, sattAdhIzatA, sammAna, sukha yAdi zubha phala dikhAI dete haiM aura ve yaha mAnate haiM ki hamArI pIr3A, dukha, dainya, zopaNa, hInatA Adi kA kAraNa jAtivAda, sAmAjika-vipamatA, zAmana yAdi parajana haiM / buddhi kI saMkucitatA se, alpakAlIna vodha ko sampUrNa kAlavodha mAna lene ne aura nimittoM ko hI pradhAna mAna lene se tathA karmavAda kA sahI jJAna na hone se aisI pratIti utpanna hotI hai / isa vikRti ke parimArjana ke lie, bhagavAn ne karmavAda aura grAtmakartRtvavAda kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / karmavAda kA sArarUpa aura naitikatA kI nIMva rUpa una pratIti ko dRDha banAyo / 'zubha bhAvoM se kiye gaye zubhakarma, zubha phala pradAtA hote haiM aura azubha bhAvoM se kiye gaye juna pharma prazubha phala pradAtA hote haiM / karma kA kartA zrAtmA hI hai / isa viSaya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA udghoSa hai / 1. bhagava 7/10 / 2. davavADaya 34 /

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI ve bAte jo Aja bhI upayogI haiM 227 , apane sukha-duHkha kA uttaradAyitva apanI AtmA para hI hai aura apanI paristhitiyoM kA nirmAtA apanI AtmA hI hai' anya nhiiN|' aisI bhAvanAoM kA abhyAsa, jo ki dhAraNA rUpa meM bana cukA ho, pratIti kA pariSkAra karatA hai aura udAtta bhAvoM evaM prazasta vRttiyoM meM sthira rahane kA vala pradAna karatA hai| karmavAda aura AtmakartRtva ke viSaya meM aneka yuktiyoM-prayuktiyoM aura tarka-vitarko kA AgamoM tathA prAcIna granthoM meM varNana hai| ruci kA saMzodhana : sAmAnya jIva kI yahI dhAraNA hotI hai ki parigraha aura viSaya-sevana hI sukha kA srota hai / ataH usakI ruci bhI anAdi kAlIna abhyAsa se anAyAsa hI parigraha-saMcaya aura viSayoM kI ora bar3hatI rahatI hai / Aja kA vAtAvaraNa bhI parigraha aura vaiSayikatA pradhAna he / isa kAraNa ruci atyanta vikRta ho gaI hai / vikRta ruci ke kAraNa dhana-daulata ko hI sarvasva mAnakara usa para apanA hI ekAdhipatya jagAne kI vRtti, vipayoM ke sevana kI tIvra icchA, vinA zrama kie utkRSTa sukha-bhoga kI AkAMkSA, dUsaroM ke zrama ke phala ko har3apa lene kI vRtti, ArAma-talabI, Aveza yukta zrRMgAra vRtti aura dehAbhimAna se yukta bhAvanA paidA hotI hai / rAgAdi heya bhAvoM meM upAdeyatA kI buddhi utpanna ho jAtI hai| ___ bhagavAn ne ruci ke saMzodhana ke lie nimnalikhita bhAvoM ke abhyAsa kA ullekha kiyA hai (a) rAgAdi ko heyatA ke liye bhAvAbhyAsa-'vahI satya hai, zaMkA se rahita hai, jise rAga-dvepa se rahita AtmAoM ne jAnA, dekhA, anubhava kiyA aura kahA hai / 3 (A) Atmazuddhi ke upAyoM me upAdeyatA kI buddhi banAne ke liye bhAvAbhyAsa 'nirgrantha-pravacana (Atma-granthiyoM ko bhedana karane ke upAya rUpa vItarAga upadeza) hI satya hai, anuttara hai, kevalika hai, pratipUrNa hai, naiyAyika mArga hai, saMzuddha hai....sarva du.khoM kA anta karane vAlA hai| yahI artha hai, paramArtha he, zepa anartha hai / '5 (i) parigraha-vRtti, vaiSayika ruci aura mRtyu bhaya kA saMkSaya karane ke liye tIna manorathoM ke abhyAsa kA vidhAna hai / yathA 1. - uttarajjhayaNa 20/36:37 / - 2. bhagavaI 17/4/601 / 3. bhagavaI 1/3/37 / 4 Avassaya, bhagavaI 6/33/383 / 5. bhagavaI 2/5/107 /

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228 manovaijJAnika saMdarbha (1) (parigraha heya-chor3ane yogya hai) kaba maiM thor3e-bahuta parigraha kA parityAga karUMgA? (2) kava maiM dasa prakAra ke muNDana (pAMcoM indriyoM ke viSayoM kA parityAga, krodha Adi cAra kaSAyoM ke vAhya kAraNoM ko tyAganA aura zRMgAra ke siramaura kezoM kA nivAraNa) se muNDita hokara, ghara tyAga kara anagAra banUgA ? (3) kava maiM vAhya-prAbhyantara tapa ke dvArA kAyA aura kapAyoM ko kRza karake maraNa ke samaya kI antima kriyAoM ko karake, bhAta-pAnI kA pratyAkhyAna karake aura jIvana maraNa kI icchA se mukta hokara vicaraNa karUMgA ? 1 dRr3ha AsthA, pariSkRta pratIti aura saMzodhita ruci hI zuddha lakSya kI ora prerita kara sakatI hai / yaha pahale bandha hetu mithyAtva ke unmUlana kI bAta huii| asatkAryoM se virati : dUsarA vandha hetu hai- avirati (yAtma malinatA ke kAraNoM se lagAva-salagnatA) pahale vandha hetu kA abhAva ho jAne para dUsarA vandha hetu apanI savalatA kho detA hai / ava dUsare vandha hetu ke tyAga ke vipaya meM vicAra karanA hai / zikSA kA eka kArya hai- manuSyoM ke satsaMkalpoM kI zakti kI vRddhi karanA, parantu Aja kI zikSA-paddhati meM aisI kSamatA nahIM hai| Aja kI zikSA saMkalpavala ko hIna karane aura manovala ko kSINa karane meM hI hissA vaMTA rahI hai / sAdhAraNa manuSyo kA saMkalpa vala durbala hotA hai / dUsarI bAta manuSya asatkAryoM se virata na hokara, usake sammAna aura phala kA bhAgI bananA cAhatA hai ataH vaha dvimukhI jIvana jIne laga jAtA hai, jise Aja kI bhASA meM 'Adarza ke mukhauTe lagAnA' kaha sakate haiM / aise dvimukhI (vAhara kucha aura, tathA bhItara kucha aura) jIvana meM saMkalpa kI durbalatA hI pramukha kAraNa hai aura dUsarA kAraNa hai-yaza moha / isa avirati ke kAraNa hI yuddha kI jvAlAyeM dhadhaka uThatI haiM, gRha-kalaha phaTa par3atA hai, eka dUsare ko ThagA jAtA hai, hiMsA kA tANDava-nRtya hotA hai, eka dUsare kI hatyA hotI hai, mAyA-jAla bune jAte haiM, saragama kI dhuna meM ghRNA se saMkucita ho jAte haiM, gaMdha meM mastI chA jAtI hai, yA nathune phUla jAte haiM, rasa meM rasanA DUba jAtI hai aura komala, karkaza, zIta, uSNa, snigdha, rUkSa Adi spoM kI mAyA meM mana DUba jAtA hai| isa avirati ko saMkalpa bala se hI jItA jA sakatA hai| saMkalpa hInatA ko naSTa karane ke lie bhagavAn ne virati (hiMsAdi ke pratyAkhyAna) kA mArga sujhAyA / virati ke do rUpa haiM-dezataH aura sarvataH / dezataH virati meM aNuvratoM, guNavatoM aura zikSAvratoM kA vidhAna hai aura sarvataH virati meM mahAvratoM kaa|2 aNuvratoM 1. ThANa 3 / 2. uvavAiya 034 /

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI ve vAteM jo prAja bhI upayogI hai 226 se hiMsA, yuddha, asatya, ThagAI, corI Adi se sambandhita jagat kI kaI samasyAeM hala ho sakatI haiM / ataH apanI-apanI zaktyanusAra, guru caraNa meM, Atma-sAkSI - pUrvaka virati kI pratijJA svIkAra karake, use dRr3hatA se pAlana karane se hI dUsare bandha hetu ko nirmUla kiyA jA sakatA hai | yaha bhagavAn kA yathAzakti udyama kA mArga hai / asAvadhAnI kA parityAga : tIsarA bandha hetu pramAda hai / vastutaH pramAda hI hiMsA hai / grAja kI bhautika sabhyatA kI pramAda eka pramukha dena hai / pramAda ( sAvadhAnI) se cAroM zrora bhaya hI bhaya hai | apramAdI hI nirbhaya ho sakatA hai / " sAvadhAnI ke pAMca kAraNa haiM- (1) nazA ( 2 ) aindriyaka lolupatA ( 3 ) grAveza (4) nidrA tandrA aura ( 5 ) vikRta ( AtmA ko vikAra kI ora le jAne vAlA) vArtAlApa | ina pAMcoM kAraNoM kI zrAja vipulatA dikhAI detI hai | bhagavAn ne pramAda ke parityAga ke liye zrapramattatA kI prApti ke lie ina pAMcoM kAraNoM ke parityAga para bala diyA hai / grapramatta jIva hI triratna kI rakSA kara sakatA hai / kaSAya-parityAga : kapAya ( grAveza) cauthA vandha hetu hai / kapAya hI saMsAra hai / kapAya se hI viSamatA paidA hotI hai aura vipamatA meM jIva jI rahA hai / kapAya ko bhagavAn ne adhyAtma hetu 3 yA adhyAtmadoSa kahA hai / adhyAtmadIpa cAra haiM-- krodha, mAna, mAyA ( chala-kapaTa ) aura lobha / ina cAroM se grAtma-mAlinya kI vRddhi hotI hai / " ye doSa kramazaH prIti, vinaya, maitrI aura samasta prazasta bhAvoM ke vinAzaka haiM Aja hama sunate haiM ki mAnava kSaNika Aveza meM priya se priyajana kI hatyA kara DAlatA hai, pUjyajanoM ke prati uddaNDa vyavahAra karatA hai, yaza prAdi ke liye chala bhare aneka mAyAjAla racatA hai aura lobha meM vaha kyA - kyA anartha nahIM karatA hai ? ina sabake mUla meM praveza hI hai / inakoM kSaya kara denA hI mukti hai / bhagavAn ne kaSAyamukti ke vividha upAya 1. AyAraMga // 2. majjaM visaya kasAyA, niddA vigahA paMcamI bhariyA / ee paMca pamAyA, jIvA pArDeti saMsAre | 3. uttara0 14 / 16 4. sUyagaDa 6 / 27 5. 6. 7. // dasaveyAliya 8 / 37/38 / dasaveyAliya 8 / 37:38 / kapAya muktiH kilamuktireva /

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230 manovaijJAnika saMdarbha vatAye haiN| sAvadha-yoga (pApakriyA) kA tyAga karanA inake tyAga kI sahAyaka kriyA hai|' kaSAya pratisalInatA inake saMkSaya kA dUsarA upAya hai / bhagavAn ne inheM jItane ke liye kramazaH upazama, mRdutA, RjutA aura saMtoSa ke abhyAsa rUpa upAya bhI batAye haiM / yaha bhagavAna kA 'samatva-yoga' hai / yoga-saMyama : cauthA vanva hetu hai-yoga / mana, vacana aura kAyA kI kriyA ko yoga kahate haiN| yoga aniyantraNa jIva ke liye duHkhada hai / yaha yoga hI AtmA meM karma ke praveza kA pramukha dvAra hai / Aja yoga-prasaMyama kI vRddhi ke aneka sAdhana haiM ! __ yoga-saMyama ke bhagavAn ne aneka stara batAye haiM / karaNa aura yoga ke saMyoga se tyAga ke aneka vikalpa (bhaMga) vanate haiN| yoga-saMyama ke lie pramukha rUpa se sAvadha yoga ke tyAgapUrvaka samiti (zubha kriyA ke abhyAsa) aura guptiyoM (azubha kriyA tathA samasta kriyA ke nirodha) kA vidhAna kiyA hai / 6 / isake sivAya pAMca gatiyoM ke cAra-cAra kAraNa bhAvanA-yoga, viziSTa vyAnavidhAna paT-yAvazyaka kriyAeM Adi bAteM pratyeka yuga meM upayogI haiN| patra lambA ho gayA hai / jAnabUjhakara, adhikAMza vicAra vaiyaktika stara para hI kiyA. gayA. hai, vizva-samasyAyoM ke stara para nahIM / tumane vizva kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke stara para, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke aparigraha, ahiMsA, anekAnta siddhAntoM kI carcA kAphI suna rakhI hogI / merI dRSTi meM, pratyeka vAta ko vizva ke stara para socane para, vyakti kI sAdhanAtmaka dRSTi adRzya ho jAtI hai| vaha sAre vizva ko, jIvoM kI vaiyaktika pRthak sattA ko najaraaMdAja karake, apanI kalpanA ke raMga meM raMganA cAhatA hai / yaha ahaMkAra ke sivAya aura kucha nahIM hai / vizva kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna se vyakti pahale apane Apako hI sudhAra le to acchA hai / astu / prAzA hai, isa patra se tumhArI jijJAsA santuSTa hogii| yadi tumheM acchA lage to isa patra kA cintana-manana karanA nahIM to mujhe kahanA na hogA, raddI kI TokarI tumhAre pAsa par3I hI hogii| tumhArA samAdhAna ho yA na ho, para merA citta itane samaya taka zubha upayoga meM rahA, yaha mere lie parama lAbha hI huA ! sabhI paricitoM ko yathAyogya tumhAre agraja sumati kA AzIrvAda / . . . . m 1. sAmAyika-sUtra / 3. dasaveyAliya 8/36 / 5. bhagavaI 8/5/328 / 7. uvavAiya 34 / 6. uvavAiya, ThANa 4 / 2. uvavAiya / 4. tatvArtha 6/1 / 6. uttara 24/26 / 8. tatvArtha 7/6 va 6/7 / 10. zrAvassaya, aNuyogadAra causaraNa /

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38 1 manovijJAna ke parivekSya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA tatvajJAna * zrI kanhaiyAlAla loDhA wwwww wwwwww. wwwwww zratIndriya jJAna : ananta jJAna : bhagavAna mahAvIra anaMtajJAnI the / usa anaMtajJAna kA rUpa meM vyakta kiyA / jisa prakAra lAla, pIlA va nIlA ina tIna re, ga, ma pa, vA, ni ina sAta svaroM se asaMkhya rAganiyoM kA udbhava hotA hai tathA gari sAra bhagavAn ne nau tatva ke raMgoM se asaMkhya raMga, sA, ke nau graMkoM se anaMta saMkhyAyoM kA bodha hotA hai, parantu na to koI vyakti asaMkhya raMgoM ko banAne meM sakSama hai aura na koI grasaMkhya rAganiyoM ko gAkara sunA sakatA hai tathA na koI anaMta saMkhyAeM likha yA bola sakatA hai / jIvana meM kevala jina raMgoM, rAgoM evaM saMsthAnoM kA upayoga saMbhava hai, unakA hI vivecana, lekhana va kathana meM kiyA jAtA hai / jaba aisA sAdhAraNa jJAna bhI eka sImA meM hI prakaTa kiyA jA sakatA hai taba phira bhagavAna to vilakSaNa anaMtajJAna ke dhArI the / kAraNa ki unakA jJAna uparyukta indriya janya na hone se dhAraNa jJAna na thA parantu grAtmika zakti janya pratIndriya vilakSaNa thaa| jaba uparyukta raMga, rAga va aMkoM kA sAdhAraNa jJAna bhI apane alpa za meM hI prastuta ho sakatA hai to atIndriya anaMta kA pUrNa prastuta kaise zakya thA ? ataH bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane granta jJAna meM se kevala usI jJAna ko prastuta kiyA jisakA sIdhA sambandha jIvana se thA, jo jIvana ke lie upayogI va kalyANakArI thA / ananta jJAna kA vistAra aura nava tattva : jisa prakAra anaMta saMkhyAtroM kA grAdhAra nau aMka hai usI prakAra samasta jJAna kA AdhAra bhI nau tattva haiM / jaise anaMta saMkhyAeM nau graMkoM kA hI vistAra mAtra hai usI prakAra nata jJAna nau tattvoM kA hI vistAra mAtra hai| nava tattva hI sarva jJAna kA sAra va grAdhAra hai | bhagavAn ne nau tattva kahe haiM - yathA - ( 1 ) jIva (3) puNya (4) pApa ( 5 ) grazrava ( 3 ) saMvara ( 7 ) nirjarA (8) baMdha (2) ajIva aura ( 8 ) mokSa # 1 jIva-prajIva : jisa prakAra gaNita ke kampyUTara meM do aMkoM se hI sava grAMka vanate hai / TeligrAma praNAlI meM gara, gaTa ina do zabdoM se hI saba zabda banate hai isI prakAra jIva aura jIva do mUla tattva haiM / ina do tattvoM ke pArasparika sambandha rUpa hI se zeSa sava tattva banate hai / in

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232 manovainAnika saMdarbha bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jIva-ajIva ina do mUla tattvoM yA dravyoM ko anaMta guNoM va zaktiyoM kA puja kahA hai / vartamAna bhautika vijJAna ne ajIva tattva rUpa pudgala va paramANu kI asIma zakti ko pratyakSa prastuta kara diyA hai| reDiyo, Telivijana, TelIphona, vidya tu, aNuzakti kendra Adi podgalika (bhautika) zakti kI hI dena hai| isa prakAra vijJAna ne ajIva (bhautika) padArtha meM asIma vilakSaNa zaktiyoM ko pratyakSa prabhAvita kara diyA hai| bhautika padArtho se jIva (cetana) avika gakti mapanna hai / jIva kI vilakSA zakti kA patA isase sahaja hI laga jAtA hai ki vaha bhautika padArthoM kI zakti ko apane adhIna kara apanI icchAnusAra usakA upayoga karane meM samartha hai| parAmanovijJAna kI navIna khojoM ne AtmA kI AMtarika jina vilakSaNa zaktiyoM kA udghATana kiyA hai ve saMsAra ko camatkRta kara dene vAlI haiN| Adhunika parAmanovinAna kA kathana hai ki hamAre aMtastala me vaha zakti vidyamAna hai jisase vaha bhUta aura bhaviSyata kAla kI ghaTanAoM ko vartamAna ke samAna hI dekha sakatA hai / samudra kI gaharAI evaM graha-nakSatroM se apanA saMparka sthApita kara sakatA hai / vahAM saMdeza bheja sakatA hai, vahAM bhejA saMdeza grahaNa kara sakatA hai dUra kI ghaTanAoM kA avalokana kara sakatA hai| dUsare vyakti ke mana meM calane vAle vicAroM ko vinA usake kahe jAna sakatA hai|' baMdha tattva: jIva kA ajIva se saMyoga ho jAnA baMdha hai / baMdha ke rUpa kA vivecana baMdha tattva meM kiyA gayA hai / manovijJAna ke anusAra manupya kA cetana mana phoTo-kaimarA ke mukha ke samAna hai| yaha aneka prakAra ke saMskAro ko grahaNa karatA hai aura isase unakA acetana mana meM saMcaya hotA hai / acetana mana usa aMdhakAra maya koTharI meM sthita phoTogrAphika pleTa ke samAna haiM jisameM bAharI padArtha ke citra saMcita hote rahate haiN| ise hI sAdhAraNa bhApA meM 'saMskAra paDanA' kahA jAtA hai| prANI kI pratyeka pravRtti ke anurUpa usake aMtastala meM citra aMkita hote rahate haiM, jinheM smRti se kabhI bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| ina citroM yA saMskAroM kA aMtaramana meM saMcaya hotA rahatA hai jo bhaviSya meM upayukta samaya Ane va anukUla nimitta milane para udaya hokara prANI ko apanA pariNAma bhogane ke lie vivaza karate hai / vartamAna parAmanovijJAna ne prayogoM ke AdhAra para yahAM taka siddha kara diyA hai ki hamArI pratyeka paristhiti kA nirmANa pUrva saMcita saMskAro yA kAryoM ke pariNAma svarUpa hotA hai / / uparyukta saMskAra-saMracanA ko jaina-darzana kI bhApA meM 'karma' kahA jA sakatA hai| jaina-darzana meM karma ko pudgala, acetana, bhautika padArtha mAnA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna bhI ise bhautika tattva ke rUpa meM mAnatA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna vicAra va vicAroM kI taraMgoM ko rUpa, raMga, AkRti Adi se mukta to mAnatA hI hai sAtha hI ina taraMgoM ko preSaNa va grahaNa kriyAoM ko bhI svIkAra karatA hai / vicAro se saMdeza prepaNa va grahaNa vidhi ko 1. manovaijJAnika ciMtana, pR0 10

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manovijJAna ke parivekSya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA tatvajJAna 233 'TelipethIM' kahA jAtA hai| rUsa aura amerikA ina donoM hI dezoM ne hajAroM mIla dUra sAgara. meM nimagna panaDubbI meM baiThe vyakti ko evaM upagraha meM jAte vyaktiyoM ko TelipaithI se vicAroM kA saMdeza bhejane meM paryApta saphalatA prApta kI hai / .... ......... kapAya rUpa rAga-dvapa mana, vacana, kAyA kI pravRttiyoM se karma. paramANugoM-kAmaNivargaNAoM kA khiMcAva hotA hai aura ve karma paramANu ke puja AbhA se baMdha jAte haiN| ise kArmANa zarIra kahate haiN| manovijJAna kI bhApA meM ise acetana mana kA guhyatama stara bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| yahI kAraNa zarIra sava' vAsanAoM va kAmanAoM kA mUla srota hai arthAt 'saba vAsanAeM va kAmanAe vIja rUpa meM kAraNa zarIra meM vidyamAna rahatI haiN| prANI yA manuSya ke zarIra, AkAra, prakAra, vyavahAra va svabhAva meM jo kucha bhI bhinnatA va bhalApana-burApana, suMdaratA-kurUpaMtA prAdi pAyI jAtI haiM una sabakA kAraNa kAraNa zarIra meM sthita vibhinna prakAra ke bIja hI haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki prANI kA tana, mana va pratyeka paristhiti usake karmoM ke pariNAma hai / .. : . . . . . . . . . . ........... mokazA: :: : : ............ .... : jaina darzana meM karmavaMdha, udaya va phala bhoga kI prakriyA kA vistRta vivecana haiM / sAtha hI pUrva baMdhe hue karmoM ke parivartana ke vividha rUpa va upAya bhI prastuta kie gae haiN| inheM. 'karaNa' kahA jAtA hai| karaNa ATha haiM, yathA--(1) baMdhana karaNa, (2). nidhatta karaNa, (3) nikAcanA karaNa, (4) udvartanA karaNa, (5) apavartanA karaNa, (6) saMkramaNa karaNa, (7) udIraNA karaNa aura (8) upazamanA krnn| ....: (1) baMdhana karaNa-pravRtti aura rAga-dvepa bhAva ke kAraNa- karma baMdhanA:yA saMskAra nirmANa kA vIja par3anA vaMdhana karaNa hai / ise manovijJAna kI bhASA meM grathi-nirmANa-kahA. jA sakatA hai / :: :::: : :::::::: . .. (2) nidhatta karaNa-jaise pahale bIja sAdhAraNa zakti vAlA nirvala ho, bIdakara naSTa hone yogya ho, parantu davA Adi ke prayoga se use surakSita va dRr3ha zakti vAlA banA liyA jAya isI prakAra pahale sAmAnya yA nIrasa bhAva se bAMdhate samaya karma DhIle vave hoM parantu phira unameM ruci lI jAya, garva kiyA jAya, acchA samajhA jAya to ve baMve hue karma dRr3ha ho jAte haiM / karma baMdha kI isa kriyA ko nidhatti karaNa kahate haiN| . (3) nikAcanA karaNa--jisa prakAra kheta meM boyA huA bIja kisI kAraNa se aisI sthiti meM ho jAya ki usakI phaladAna kI zakti meM koI bhI aMtara na Ave isI prakAra pUrva baMdhe hue karma meM itanA gRddha ho jAya ki usako anya prakAra ke bhAva yAvehI nahIM, vaha dRr3hatama bana jAya phira usake phaladAna zakti meM nyUnAdhikatA va parivartana na Ave : karmabaMdha kI : krayA ko nikAcanA karaNa kahate haiM / jI : .. (4). udvartanA karaNa-jisa prakAra kheta meM voye hue vIja meM anukUla qhAda va jala milAne se vaha puSTa hotA hai| usakI Ayu va sarasa phala dene kI zakti bar3ha jAtI hai isa

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234 . manovaijJAnika saMdarbha prakAra pUrva baMdhe hue karma ke anukUla nimitta milane se vaha puSTa hotA hai jisase usakI sthiti . va rasa dene kI zakti bar3ha jAtI hai| ise udvartanA karaNa kahate haiN| azubha kamoM ko udvartana karaNa vurA hai aura zubha karmoM kA hitakara hai| zubha karmoM kI udvartanA ke upAya haiM saMtsaga meM rahanA, svAdhyAya karanA Adi aura azubha karmo kI udvartanA ke kAraNa haiM-kutsita, azlIla sAhitya par3hanA, durjanoM kI saMgati karanA aadi| . : . . . . .: ..... (5) apavartanA karaNa-jisa prakAra kheta meM voye hue vIja meM pratikUla khAda va vAtAvaraNa ke kAraNa vaha kSINa hotA hai| jisase usakI Ayu ghaTa jAtI hai aura phala kama rasa vAle Ate haiM isI prakAra pUrva meM baMdhe hue karmoM ke pratikUla pravRtti va . bhAvanA karane se ve kSINa ho jAte haiM jisase unakI sthiti va rasa dene kI zakti ghaTa jAtI hai| ise apavartanA . . karaNa kahate haiM / azubha karmoM kA apavartanA karaNa hitakara hai| . (6) saMkramaNa karaNa-jisa prakAra vanaspati vizepajJa nimna zreNI ke bIja ko .. usI jAti ke ucca zreNI meM parivartita kara dete haiN| khaTTe phala dene vAle vIjoM yA vRkSoM ko mIThe phala dene vAle vIjoM yA vRkSoM meM badala dete haiN| yaha kriyA saMkramaNa kriyA kahI jAtI... hai aura aise vIjoM ko jana sAdhAraNa kI bhApA meM saMkara vIja kahate haiM jaise saMkara makA, : saMkara gehUM, saMkara vaajraa| isI prakAra pUrva meM baMdhI karma prakRtiyoM kA jisa kAraNa se usI. jAti kI dUsarI prakRtiyoM meM parivartana ho jAtA hai, use saMkramaNa karaNa kahA hai| vartamAna manovijJAna meM ise mArgAntarI karaNa kriyA kahA hai| yaha mAMgantirI karaNa yA rUpAntaraNa do prakAra kA hai : (1) azubha kA zubha meM aura (2) zubha kA azubha meM / zubha prakRti kA azubha prakRti meM rUpAntaraNa ahita kara hai aura azubha prakRti kA zubhaM prakRti meM arthAt kutsita bhAvanA kA udAtta bhAvanA meM rUpAntaraNa hitakara hai| ise Adhunika manovijJAna ne udAttIkaraNa kahA hai va isa para vizeSa prakAza DAlA hai / rAga yA kutsita kAma bhAvanA kA saMkramaNa : yA udAttIkaraNa anurAga yA bhakti bhAvanA se, mana ko zreSTha kalAkRtiyoM, citroM yA mahAkAvya ke nirmANa meM lagA dene se kiyA jA sakatA hai| vartamAna meM udAttI karaNa prakriyA kA prayoga udaMDa, anuzAsanahIna, tor3a-phor3a karane vAle tathA aparAdhI chAtroM va vyaktiyoM ko . AjJAkArI, anuzAsana priya, racanAtmaka kArya karane vAle evaM sabhya nAgarika banAne ke lie kiyA jAtA hai / ... ... .. . . ...... kutsita prakRti ko satprakRti yA sadpravRtti meM saMkramaNa karane kA upAya hai-pahale . vyakti ke hRdaya meM vidyamAna indriya-mana ke kSaNika sukhabhoga kI kAmanA-vAsanA ko sthAyI atIndriya sukha prApti kI bhAvanA meM vadalA jAya. arthAt sthAyI sukha ke lie: kSaNika sukhoM. . . . ke tyAga kI preraNA dI. jaay| isase iMndriya va mana ke saMyama kI yogyatA paidA hotI hai| phira dUsaroM ke sukha ke lie apane sukha kA tyAga kI bhAvanA jAgatI hai jo dayA; dAna, paropakAra, sevA meM prakaTa hotI hai aura inase zAnti va alaukika AnaMda kA anubhava hotA / hai; phira vaha usakA svabhAva bana jAtA hai| azubha karma prakRtiyoM ko zubha karma prakRtiyoM meM

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manovijJAna ke parivekSya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA tatvajJAna 235 saMkramaNa karane ke lie dAna, paropakAra Adi puNya prakRtiyoM evaM vinaya-vaiyyAkRtya (sevAbhAva) Adi kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| . bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vyakta kiyA ki karma prakRtiyoM kA saMkramaNa sajAtIya karma prakRtiyoM meM hI hotA hai, vijAtIya karma prakRtiyoM meM nhiiN| isa tathya kI puSTi vartamAna manovijJAna karatA hai / usakA mAnanA ki mArgAntarIkaraNa yA rUpAntaraNa ' kevala sajAtIya mAnasika bhAvoM meM hI hotA hai, yathA kAma-bhAvanA kA prema va vAtsalya bhAva meM, vidhvaMsaka prakRti kA racanAtmaka pravRtti meM hI rUpAntaraNa saMbhava hai| / jaina darzana meM saMkramaNa prakriyA para vRhat sAhitya vartamAna kAla meM upalabdha hai| yadi usakA manovaijJAnika vivecana prastuta kiyA jAya to yaha jJAna vizva meM vartamAna meM phailI huI burAiyoM ko bhalAI meM badalane ke lie atyupayogI ho sakatA hai| (7) udIraNA karaNa--jisa prakAra kacce Ama ko grAma ke patte va ghAsa yA anAja meM dAva diyA jAya to vaha samaya se pUrva hI paka jAtA hai, isI prakAra jo karma samaya pAkara udaya me Ayege aura apanA phala dekara naSTa hoMge unheM prayatnapUrvaka pahale bhI udaya me lAkara naSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai ise hI udIraNA karaNa kahate haiM / manovijJAna meM isa prakriyA ko recana yA vamana kahA jAtA hai| phrAyaDa ne isake lie manovizleSaNa paddhati kA prayoga kiyA hai| jisase aMtaHkaraNa ke ajJAta kSetra meM chipI mAnasika graMthiyA~, vAsanAeM kAmanAeM cetana mana ke sataha para prakaTa (udaya) hokara naSTa ho jAtI hai| pAgalapana yA hisTariyA ke roga dUra karane meM vartamAna meM isa praNAlI ko pramukha sthAna diyA jA rahA hai| (8) upazamanAkaraNa : jisa prakAra bhUmi meM sthita paudhA barasAta ke jala barasane se bhUmi para papar3I pAjAne se dava jAtA hai athavA kisI paudhe ko baratana se Dhakane yA davA dene se usakA bar3hanA usa samaya ke lie ruka jAtA hai, isI prakAra karmo kA jJAnabala se yA saMyama se dabA dene se unakA phala denA ruka jAtA hai, ise upazamanAkaraNa kahate hai / isase tAtkAlika zAnti milatI hai jo Atma zakti ko prakaTa karane meM sahAyaka hotI hai| karma-bandha kI prakriyA: bhagavAn ne vyakta kiyA ki karma-baMdha do kAraNoM se hotA hai--yoga aura kapAya se| mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti (kriyA) ko yoga kahA hai aura rAgadveSa ke bhAvoM ko kaSAya kahA hai / yoga se prakRti aura pradeza baMdha hotA hai tathA kaSAya se sthiti aura anubhAga baMdha hotA hai| ise samajhane ke lie yoga aura kapAya meM se pratyeka ke do rUpa kara sakate hai--(ka) pariNAma yA guNa aura (kha) parimANa yA mAtrA / yoga ke pariNAma se prakRti baMdha evaM yoga ke parimANa se pradeza baMdha hotA hai| kapAya ke pariNAma se anubhAga yA rasavaMdha evaM kapAya ke parimANa se sthitibaMdha hotA hai|

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236 manovaijJAnika saMdarbha yoga ko kapAya ke abhivyakti ke mAdhyama ke rUpa meM liyA jA sakatA hai / kapAya ko vidyuta lahara ke rUpa meM aura yoga ko usake abhivyakti ke mAdhyama balba, paMkhA Adi ke rUpa me samajhA jA sakatA hai| jisa prakAra vidya ta lahara vinA mAdhyama ke apanA kArya prakaTa karane meM asamartha hai usI prakAra kapAya vinA yoga ke karma-baMdha karane meM akSama hai| mana, vacana, kAyA kI jisa prakAra kI pravRtti hotI hai usI prakAra ke karma kA prakRti vadha hotA hai / arthAt kriyA ke anurUpa hI phala milatA hai| jisa prakAra paMkhA, valba, hITara Adi jaisA mAdhyama hotA hai vaisI hI kriyA karatA hai aura usI ke anurUpa vaha havA, prakAza, garmI prAdi phala detA hai / __yoga kI mAtrA arthAt mana, vacana va kAyA kI pravRttiyoM ko nyUnAdhikatA ne pradeza baMdha hotA hai / jisa prakAra valva, paMkhA, hoTara Adi apane AkAra-prakAra meM jitane bar3e va sakSama hote haiM utanA hI adhika prakAza, havA, garmI prAdi dete haiN| isI prakAra yogoM kI prakRti yA sakriyatA jitanI adhika hotI hai pradeza baMdha utanA hI adhika hotA hai| kapAya kI anaMtAnavaMbI Adi jaisI kvAliTI hotI hai vaisA hI anubhAga vadha hotA hai / jisa prakAra vidya ta lahara e sI, yA DI sI jaisI hotI hai vaisA hI pAkarSaNa-vikarSaNa rUpa apanA pariNAma dikhAtI hai / isI prakAra kapAya, rAga yA Tepa jisa zreNI kA hotA hai vaisA hI usakA rasavaMdha hotA hai| kapAya kI mAtrA yA sakriyatA jitanI hotI hai utanA hI sthiti baMdha hotA hai / jisa prakAra vidyu ta lahara jitane pAvara kI hotI hai utanI hI adhika prabhAvakArI hotI haiM athavA baiTarI meM vidya na utpAdana kI jitanI adhika mAtrA hai vaha utane hI adhika kAla taka apanA kArya dikhAtI hai| isI prakAra kaSAya jitanI adhika mAtrA meM hotA hai karma kA phala bhI utane laMbe samaya taka milatA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki yoga jaisA hogA vaisA prakRti baMdha hogA, yoga jitanA hogA utanA pradeza baMdha hogA, kapAya jaisA hogA vaisA rasa baMdha hogA aura kapAya jitanA hogA utanA sthiti vaMdha hogaa| / Upara kaha pAye hai ki 'yoga' kaSAya kI abhivyakti kA mAdhyama yA sAvana hai| yoga ke abhAva meM kapoya kI abhivyakti sabhava nahI hai ataH karma-baMva bhI sambhava nahI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki sattA meM sthita karma 'karna-baMdha' nahIM karate haiN| udaya meM Ae hae karma hI navIna karma-baMdha karate haiM / yogoM kI sakriyatA hI karmANa-vargaNAoM ko khIMcatI haiM aura yogoM kA prakAra karma-prakRti kA nirmANa karatA hai tathA kapAya kI tIvratA-maMdatA se karmo kA AtmA ke sAtha saMzlepaNa hotA hai / kapAya jitanA adhika sakriya hotA hai utanI hI dRr3hatA se karma AtmA ke cipakate haiM aura utane hI adhika kAla me ve chaTate haiN| karma ke prakAra : bhagavAn mahAvIra ne karma do prakAra ke batAye hai (ka) ghAtI aura (2) aghAtI /

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manovijJAna ke parivekSya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA tatvajJAna 237 4 jo karma zrAtmA ke jJAna, darzana, vIrya Adi guraNoM kA ghAta kareM, ve ghAtI karma kahe jAte hai / ye cAra prakAra ke haiM - ( 1 ) jJAnAvaraNIya ( 2 ) darzanAvaraNIya ( 3 ) mohanIya aura (4) aMtarAya / jina karmoM se zarIra, prAyu, sukha-duHkha grAdi mile ve praghAtI karma kahe jAte hai / ye cAra prakAra ke haiM | (1) vedanIya (2) zrAyu (3) nAma aura (4) gotra | uparyukta AThoM karma va inakI ekasau ar3atAlIsa prakRtiyAM manovijJAna ke gUr3ha rahasyoM ko prakaTa karatI haiM / karma-phala : " jisa prakAra vIjavoyA jAtA hai to vaha bhUmi ke bhItara kucha samaya taka vahAM par3A rahatA hai, phira phala dene ke lie zrakurita hotA hai, pIche vRkSa banakara phala detA hai / isI prakAra karma bhI baMdhane ke pazcAt kArmAraNa zarIra meM par3A rahatA hai / kucha samaya taka vahAM niSkriya par3A raha kara phira apanA phala dene ke lie udaya hotA hai / karmabaMdha hone ke pazcAt jitane samaya taka niSkriya par3A rahatA hai use pravAdhAkAla kahA jAtA hai / avAdhAkAla pUrA hone para karma, jaisI vAsanA yA kAmanA vIja ke rUpa meM hotI hai vaisA hI phala milatA hai, aisI tana, mana, sukha-duHkha Adi sthitiyoM kA nirmANa karatA hai, arthAt karma ke anurUpa usakA phala yA paristhiti kA nirmANa hotA hai / aura paristhiti ke nimitta se karma baMdha hotA hai / isa prakAra karma-baMdha va phala kA yaha cakra anantakAla se calatA A rahA hai / karma ke cakra yA graMthi ke bhedana kA upAya bhagavAn mahAvIra ne saMvara va nirjarA tattva rUpa meM batalAyA hai / jisa prakAra zarIra ke vikAra ko roga ke rUpa meM bAhara nikAlakara naSTa karane kI kriyA prakRti dvArA svataH hotI hai isI prakAra karma zrAtmA kA vikAra hai aura usakA phala bhoga ke rUpa meM prakaTa kara, naSTa karane kI kriyA prakRti dvArA svataH hotI hai / bhiprAya yaha hai ki prAraNI kI jo kucha sthiti banatI hai, vaha usake karmo kA hI pariNAma hai | ataH prANI apanI graniSTa sthiti se chuTakArA cAhatA hai to use cAhiye ki vaha apane aniSTa karmabaMdha ke kAraNoM ko chor3e aura saMcita karmo ko tapa se kSaya kare / zrI henarI nAiTa pIlara apanI "prekTikala sAikolAjI' pustaka meM kahate hai ki jisa duniyA meM hama rahate haiM, vaha hamAre vicAroM ke anurUpa hotI / jisa vicAra ko hama dIrgha kAla taka dhAraNa karate hai, vaha vastu sthiti meM pariNita ho jAtI hai / yadi hama kisI paristhiti ko badalanA cAhate hai to pahale hameM apane vicAroM ko badalanA hogA / pApa aura puNya tattva : phala bhoga kI apekSA se karma do prakAra ke haiM - ( 1 ) azubha phala denevAle inako 'pApa' kahA jAtA hai aura ( 2 ) zubha phaladene vAle, inako 'puNya' kahA jAtA hai / prAkRtika niyama hai ki phala vaisA hI milatA hai jaisA vIja boyA jAtA hai / karma kSetra meM bhI yaha niyama lAgU hotA hai / jo jaisA karatA hai vaha vaisA hI phala pAtA hai / burA karane vAle

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238 manovaijJAnika saMdarbha ko burA yA duHkha phala milatA hai| inheM pApa karma kahA jAtA hai| yaha sarva vidita hai ki jo jaisA kisI ko detA hai badale meM usako vahI vApisa milatA hai / jo gAlI detA hai usako vadale meM vahI vApisa milatI hai / jo DaMDA mAratA hai usako badale meM mAra ho milatI hai / ataH duHkha usI ko milegA jo dUsaroM ko duHkha degA / aise bure yA nahIM karane yogya karmo kA bhagavAna ne pApa tattva ke rUpa meM varNana kiyA hai| __ jo svayaM ko yA dUsaroM ko duHkha dene vAle hai, aise pApa kArya aThAraha vatAye gaye he:- (1) hiMsA (2) jhUTha (3) corI (4) maithuna (5) parigraha (6) krodha -(7) mAna (8) mAyA (8) lobha (10) rAga (11) dveSa (12) kalaha (13) jhaThA kalaMka (14) cugalI (15) nindA (16) rati (bhoga ruci) (17) kapaTatA se jhUTha bolanA aura (18) mithyA darzana / uparyukta ina karmoM se zAnti bhaMga hotI hai, udvignatA banI rahatI hai, antardvandva, kSobha, azAnti, bhaya, cintA, zoka va duHkha banA rahatA hai / ataH jo duHkha se bacanA cAhe, unheM ina pApoM se bacanA cAhiye / koI pApa bhI kare aura cAhe ki use duHkha na mile, yaha usI prakAra asambhava hai jisa prakAra koI pAga meM hAtha bhI rakhe aura cAhe ki usakA hAtha na jale / yaha kabhI bhI sambhava nahIM hai / jisa prakAra duHkha bure karmo ke phala svarUpa milatA hai usI prakAra mukha acche karmo ke phala svarUpa milatA hai / dUsaroM ko sukha pahuMcAne va bhalAI karane se hI apane ko sukha va bhalAI milatI hai| aise bhale kAryoM ko puNya kahA jAtA hai / puNya ke no bheda kahe haiM-dUsaroM ko (1) bhojana denA (2) jala pilAnA (3) sthAna denA (4) zayyA pradAna karanA (5) vastra se sahAyatA pahuMcAnA (6) mana se bhalA socanA (7) vacana se madhura bolanA (8) kAyA se sevA karanA aura (8) sabake sAtha vinamra vyavahAra karanA Adara, satkAra, namaskAra karanA aadi| . prAzraya va saMvara tattva : jina hetutroM se karmoM kA baMdha hotA hai unheM pAzraya kahate haiM aura jina hetuoM se karmoM kA vaMdha honA rukatA he ume saMvara kahate haiN| pAzrava ke musnyataH pAMca bheda kahe gaye hai-(1) mithyAtva, (2) avirati, (3) pramAda, (4) kapAya aura (5) azubhayoga / inake nirodha rUpa saMvara ke bhI pAMca bheda hai-(1) samyaktva, (2) virati, (3) apramAda, (4) akapAya yA kapAya maMdatA aura (5) gubha yoga / yAyava meM amaMyatra kI aura saMvara meM saMyama kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dharma kA nAra yA avAMchanIya sthitiyoM se mukti pAne kA upAya saMyama batAyA hai / zArIrika, vAcika aura mAnasika pravRttiyoM para niyaMtraNa rakhanA aura inake dvArA pApa pravRtti

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manovijJAna ke parivekSya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA tatvajJAna 236 na karanA hI saMyama hai / saMyama Atma vizvAsa ko bar3hAtA hai| saMyama se Atmika zakti va saMpatti kI vRddhi hotI hai jo zAMti aura Ananda kA sAdhana banatI hai| vastutaH Azrava ke arthAt Antarika (mana ke ajJAta starIya saMskAroM) graMthiyoM ke nirmANa ke do pratyakSa kAraNa haiM-(1) yoga-mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRttiyAM-kriyAe aura (2) kapAya - rAga-dvepa-mohAdi bhAva / ' inakA varNana 'baMdha tattva' meM kiyA jA cukA hai| ina donoM kAraNoM kI utpatti meM bhUmikA ke rUpa meM mithyAtva, avirati aura pramAda ye tIna kAraNa haiM / jo vastu yA tathya jaisA hai, vaisA na mAnanA, anyathA mAnanA mithyAtva hai| indriya vAsanAoM kI pUrti va mAnasika kAmanAoM kI pUrti se pratIta hone vAlA sukha, jo vastutaH sukhAbhAsa hai, use sukha mAnanA sabase gaharA mithyAtva hai / isa mithyAtva se kAmanApUrti meM sahAyaka yA nimitta padArtho (bhogya padArtho) meM sammohana paidA hotA hai, yaha avirati hai / isa sammohana se tandrA avasthA meM jIvana vitAnA pramAda hai| mithyAtva aura avirita (sammohana) se hI vipaya aura kapAya kI lahareM uThatI haiM / ataH Azrava' yA karma AtmA se lagane ke yoga aura kapAya 'sAkSAt kAraNa' haiM aura mithyAtva, avirita va pramAda 'paramparA kAraNa' haiN| yaha manovaijJAnika tathya hai ki sAmAnyataH mana niSkriya nahIM raha sakatA ataH pAzrava ke kAraNa rUpa azubha pravRttiyoM ko rokanA tava hI saMbhava hai jabaki apane ko zubha pravRttiyoM meM lagAyA jAya / ataH karma baMdha (mAnasika graMthiyoM ke nirmANa) ko rokane kA upAya haizubha pravRttiyoM meM lagA jAya arthAt apane ko saMyama pAlane, zubha bhAvanAoM ke ciMtana meM jor3A jAya / isI ko saMvara kahA hai / nirjarA tattva : bhagavAn mahAvIra ne aMtastala para sthita graMthiyoM-karmo ke kSaya kA upAya 'nirjarA' tattva ke rUpa meM batAyA hai / vaha upAya hai-jina pravRttiyoM meM ruci lene se karmo kA baMdha huyA hai, una pravRttiyoM kA unmUlana karanA / yaha karmo kA unmUlana yA nAza vinaya, sevA, svAdhyAya, dhyAna, vyutsarga, upavAsAdi se saMbhava hai / ataH bhagavAn ne inakA vizada varNana nirjarA tattva meM kiyA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tatvajJAna kI vizeSatA : yAdhunika manovijJAna abhI mana ke staroM kI saMracanA va unakI kArya-paddhati, Antarika staroM kI vilakSaNatA va kucha camatkAroM kI hI khoja kara pAyA hai / yaha khoja bhI camatkRta kara dene vAlI hai| abhI isakA kSetra, mArgAntarIkaraNa, vijJApana, sammohana, nirdezana, vazIkaraNa Adi jIvana ke bAharI aMgoM taka hI sImita hai| jIvana ke Antarika stara para aMkita hone vAle saMskAra graMthiyoM ke nirmANa ke kAraNa, unakA nivAraNa, aMtaH sthita graMthiyoM ko vinA prakaTa kie naSTa karanA jaise upAya abhI taka vaha nahIM khoja pAyA hai jabaki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tattvajJAna meM vyavasthita vaijJAnika zailI (kAraNa-kArya ke

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240 manovaijJAnika saMdarbha sambandha ke rUpa meM) va vyAvahArika upayogitA ke rUpa meM ina sabakA vizada vargana vidyamAna hai / yaha varNana gariNata zAstra ke samAna pratyakSa satya hai / Aja vizva meM jarmanI, ssa, amerikA Adi aneka dezoM meM sthita manovijJAnazAlAeM anusaMdhAna ke kSetra me rata hai| unake anusaMdhAnoM se jana tattva jJAna ke aneka siddhAntoM kI vilakSaNatA va rahasyamayatA prakaTa hotI jA rahI hai aura manovijJAnavettA jaina tattvajJAna ke nikaTa mAte jA rahe hai / yadi bhagavAn mahAvIra ke paccIsaveM nirvANa gatAbdI para jana samAja una manovijJAnavettAoM kA dhyAna jaina tattva jJAna ke siddhAntoM kI prora kevala AkRSTa bhI kara de to bhI vahuta bar3I bAta hogI, kAraNa ki phira to anusacAna kartA manovaijJAnika svayaM hI jaina tattvajJAna ke siddhAntoM ke marma kA udghATana kara deMge aura mAnava-jIvana va samAja Adi se sambandhita saba samasyAoM kA samAdhAna bhI prastuta kara dege / phalasvarUpa mAnava mAtra ke samakSa apane sarvAMgINa vikAsa, zAMti, samatA, nirAkulatA va paramAnaMda kA mArga khula jaayegaa|

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36 mahAvIra ne kahAsukha yaha hai, sukha yahAM hai * DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla www. sukha kI khoja : - pratyeka dArzanika mahApurupa traikAlika satya kA hI udghATana karanA cAhatA hai / usakI vizAla dRSTi deza-kAla kI sImA meM Abaddha nahIM hotii| ataH usakI vANI meM jo bhI tathya mukharita hote haiM, unameM sabhI dezoM aura kAloM kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna antanihita hote haiN| kucha samasyAeM aisI hotI hai, jinheM kAla aura deza kI sImAeM svIkAra nahIM hotI / Aja sArA vizva sukha kI khoja meM saMlagna hai / yaha zodha-khoja bhUtakAla meM bhI kama nahIM huI aura na bhaviSya meM hI isakI gati rukane vAlI hai / ataH vAstavika sukha kI samasyA sArvadezika aura sArvakAlika hai| Aja ke vizva ke sAmane yaha samasyA vikarAla rUpa me upasthita hai| yahAM vicAraNIya viSaya yaha hai ki kyA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vicAroM meM isa samasyA kA samucita samAdhAna khojA jA sakatA hai ? yahI yahAM saMkSepa meM prastuta hai / ____ yaha to sarvamAnya tathya hai ki sabhI jIva sukha cAhate hai aura duHkha se Darate haiM / para prazna to yaha hai ki vAstavika mukha he kyA? vastutaH sukha kahate kise hai ? sugva kA vAstavika svarUpa samajhe vinA mAtra sukha cAhane kA koI artha nahI / bhoga-sAmagrI aura sukha : prAyaH sAmAnya jana bhoga-sAmagrI ko sukha-sAmagrI mAnate hai aura usakI prApti ko hI sukha kI prApti samajhate hai, ataH unakA prayatna bhI usI ora rahatA hai| unakI dRSTi meM sukha kaise prApta kiyA jAya kA artha hotA hai- 'bhoga-sAmagrI kaise prApta kI jAve ?, unake hRdaya meM 'sukha kyA hai ?' isa taraha kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA, kyoMki unakA aMtarmana yaha mAne baiThA hai ki bhogamaya jIvana hI sukhamaya jIvana hai / ataH jaba-jaba sukha-samRddhi kI carcA aAtI hai to yahI kahA jAtA hai ki prema se raho, mehanata karo, adhika anna upajAyo, praudyogika aura vaijJAnika unnati karo-isase deza meM samRddhi prAyegI aura sabhI sukhI ho jAyeMge / Adarzamaya bAteM kahI jAtI hai ki eka dina vaha hogA java pratyeka mAnava ke pAsa khAne ke lie pauSTika bhojana, pahinane ko RtuoM ke anukUla uttama vastra aura rahane ko vaijJAnika suvidhAoM se yukta Adhunika vaMgalA hogA, taba sabhI sukhI ho jaayege|

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242 manovaijJAnika saMdarbha hama isa para vahasa nahIM karanA cAhate haiM ki yaha saba kucha hogA yA nahIM para hamArA prazna to yaha hai ki yaha saba kucha ho jAne para bhI kyA jIvana sukhI ho jAyegA ? yadi hAM, to jinake pAsa yaha saba kucha hai ve to Aja bhI sukhI hoMge? yA jo deza isa samRddhi kI sImA ko chU rahe haiM vahAM to sabhI sukhI aura zAnta hoMge? para dekhA yaha jA rahA hai ki sabhI Akula-vyAkula aura azAnta haiM, bhayAkula aura cintAtura haiM, ataH 'sukha kyA hai ?' isa vipaya para gambhIratA se socA jAnA caahie| vAstavika sukha kyA hai aura vaha kahAM hai ? isakA nirNaya kiye vinA isa dizA meM saccA purupArtha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai aura na hI saccA sukha prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / kalpanAtmaka sukha : kucha manIpI isase Age bar3hate haiM aura kahate hai-bhAI, vastu (bhoga-sAmagrI) meM sukha nahIM hai, sukha-duHkha to kalpanA meM hai| ve apanI vAta siddha karane ko udAharaNa bhI dete haiM ki eka AdamI kA makAna do maMjila kA hai, para usake dAhinI ora pAMca maMjilA makAna hai tathA vAyIM ora eka jhoMpar3I hai| jaba vaha dAyIM ora dekhatA hai to apane ko dukhI anubhava karatA hai aura java vAyIM ora dekhatA hai to sukhI, ataH sukha-duHkha, bhogasAmagrI meM na hokara kalpanA meM hai| ve manIpI salAha dete hai ki yadi sukho honA hai to apane se kama bhoga-sAmagrI vAloM kI ora dekho, sukhI ho jAyoge / yadi tumhArI dRSTi apane se adhika vaibhava vAloM kI ora rahI to sadA du kha kA anubhava kroge| . sukha to kalpanA meM hai, sukha pAnA ho to jhoMpar3I kI tarapha dekho, apane se dInahInoM kI tarapha dekho, yaha kahanA asaMgata haiM, kyoMki dukhiyoM ko dekhakara to laukika sajjana bhI dayArdra ho jAte haiN| dukhiyoM ko dekhakara aisI kalpanA karake apane ko sukhI mAnanA ki maiM inase acchA hUM, unake duHkha ke prati akaruNa bhAva to hai hI, sAtha hI mAna kaSAya kI puSTi meM saMtuSTi kI sthiti hai| ise sukha kabhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| sukha kyA jhoMpar3I meM bharA hai jo usakI ora dekhane se A jAyegA / jahAM sukha hai, jaba taka usakI ora dRSTi nahIM jAyegI, taba taka saccA sukha prApta nahIM hogaa| sukhI hone kA yaha upAya bhI sahI nahIM hai kyoMki yahAM 'sukha-kyA hai ?' ise samajhane kA yatna nahIM kiyA gayA hai varan bhogajanita sukha ko hI sukha mAnakara socA gayA hai| 'sukha kahAM hai ?' kA uttara 'kalpanA meM hai' diyA gayA hai / 'sukha kalpanA meM hai' kA artha yadi yaha liyA jAya ki sukha kAlpanika hai, vAstavika nahIM to kyA yaha mAnA jAya ki sukha kI vAstavika sattA hai hI nahIM--para yaha bAta saMbhavataH Apako bhI svIkRta nahIM hogii| ataH spaSTa hai ki bhoga-prApti vAlA sukha jise indriya sukha kahate haiM-kAlpanika hai tathA vAstavika sukha isase bhinna hai / vaha saccA sukha kyA hai ? mUla prazna to yaha hai / sukha aura icchA-pUrti : kucha loga kahate haiM ki tuma yaha karo, vaha karo tumhArI manokAmanA pUrI hogI,

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mahAvIra ne kahA - sukha yaha hai, sukha yahAM hai tumheM icchita vastu kI prApti hogI aura tuma sukhI ho jAoge / aisA kahane vAle icchAtroM kI pUrti ko hI sukha aura icchAoM kI pUrti na hone ko hI dukha mAnate haiM / 243 saccA sukha icchAtroM ke abhAva meM : bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pratIndriya AtmAnaMda kA anubhava karane ke bAda spaSTa rUpa se kahA ki icchAoM kI pUrti meM sukha nahIM hai, yaha to sira kA bojha kandhe para rakhakara sukha mAnane jaisA hai / dUsare inakI pUrti saMbhava bhI nahIM hai, kAraNa ki ananta jIvoM kI ananta icchAyeM haiM aura bhoga-sAmagrI sImita hai / nitya vadalatI huI navIna icchAoM kI pUrti kabhI saMbhava nahIM / zrataH tumhArI manokAmanA pUrNa hogI, icchAyeM pUrNa hoMgI aura tuma sukhI ho jAoge, aisI kalpanAyeM mAtra mRgamarIcikA hI siddha hotI haiM / na to kabhI sampUrNa icchAyeM pUrNa hone vAlI haiM aura na hI yaha jIvana icchAtroM kI pUrti koI kahe jitanI icchAyeM pUrNa hoMgI utanA to sukha hogA hI, ThIka nahI hai kyoMki saccA sukha to icchAtroM ke abhAva meM hai, yadi yaha kahA jAya ki icchA pUrNa hone para samApta ho jAtI hai ataH use sukha kahanA cAhie, yaha kahanA bhI galata hai kyoMki icchAtroM ke prabhAva kA artha icchAoM kI pUrti honA nahIM, varan icchAoM kA utpanna hI nahIM honA hai / se sukhI hone vAlA hai / yadi pUrA na sahI, yaha bAta bhI icchAoM kI pUrti meM nahIM / nahIM, sukha kA svabhAva nirAkulatA : vaha to duHkha kA / sukha kA svabhAva to indriyoM dvArA bhogane bhoga sAmagrI se prApta hone vAlA sukha vAstavika sukha hai hI hI tAratamya rUpa bheda hai / AkulatAmaya hone se vaha duHkha hI hai nirAkulatA hai aura indriyasukha meM nirAkulatA pAI nahIM jAtI hai / jo meM AtA hai vaha viSaya sukha hai, vaha vastutaH duHkha kA hI eka bheda hai / usakA to mAtra nAma hI sukha | zratIndriya grAnanda indriyAtIta hone se use indriyoM dvArA nahIM bhogA jA sakatA hai / jaise grAtmA atIndriya hone se indriyoM dvArA prApta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, usI prakAra pratIndriya sukha zrAtmAmaya hone se indriyoM dvArA prApta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / sukha zrAtmA kA guNa : jo vastu jahAM hotI hai, use vahAM hI pAyA jA sakatA hai / jo vastu jahAM ho hI nahIM, jisakI sattA kI jahAM sambhAvanA hI na ho, use vahAM kaise pAyA jA sakatA hai ? jaise 'jJAna' AtmA kA eka guNa hai, ataH jJAna kI prApti cetanAtmA meM saMbhava hai, jar3a meM nahIM, usI prakAra 'sukha' bhI prAtmA kA eka guraNa hai, jar3a kA nahIM / ataH sukha kI prApti zrAtmA meM hI hogI, zarIrAdi jar3a padArthoM meM nahIM / jisa prakAra yaha grAtmA svayaM ajJAna ( mithyA jJAna ) rUpa pariraNamita ho rahI hai, usI prakAra yaha jIva prAzA se para padArthoM kI ora hI prayatnazIla hai va yahI isake duHkha kA isakI sukha kI khoja kI dizA hI galata hai, ataH saccA sukha pAne ke liye paronmukhI dRSTi chor3akara svayaM ko jAnanA hogA, kyoMki apanA sukha ko jAna kara svayaM sukha kI mUla kAraNa hai / dazA bhI galata ( duHkha rUpa ) hogI hI / svayaM ko ( AtmA ko ) dekhanA hogA, apanI AtmA meM hai / grAtmA anaMta Ananda kA

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244 manovaijJAnika saMdarbha kaMda hai, AnaMdamaya hai / ataH sukha cAhane vAloM ko AtmonmukhI honA cAhiye / paronmukhI dRSTi vAle ko saccA sukha kabhI prApta nahIM ho sktaa| .. zrAtmAnubhUti kI sukhAnubhUti : vAkjAla aura vikalpajAla se pare atIndriya Ananda kA vizlepaNa karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA ki-saccA sukha to AtmA dvArA anubhava kI vastu hai, kahane kI nahIM, dikhAne kI bhI nahIM / samasta para padArthoM para se dRSTi haTAkara antarmukha hokara apane jJAnAnanda svabhAvI AtmA meM tanmaya hone para hI vaha prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| cUMki AtmA sukhamaya hai, ataH AtmAnubhUti ho sukhAnubhUti hai| jisa prakAra vinA anubhUti ke AtmA prApta nahIM kI jA sakatI, usI prakAra vinA prAtmAnubhUti ke saccA sukha bhI prApta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| ___ gaharAI se vicAra karane para yaha pratIta hotA hai ki AtmA ko sukha kahIM se prApta nahIM karanA hai kyoMki vaha sukha se hI banI hai, sukhamaya hI hai, sukha hI hai / jo svayaM sukhasvarUpa ho use kyA pAnA ? sukha pAne kI nahIM, bhogane kI vastu hai, anubhava karane kI cIja hai / sukha ke lie tar3apanA kyA ? sukha meM tar3apana nahIM hai, tar3apana meM sukha kA abhAva hai, tar3apana svayaM duHkha hai, tar3apana kA abhAva hI sukha hai / isI prakAra sukha ko kyA cAhanA ? cAha svayaM duHkharUpa hai, cAha kA abhAva hI sukha hai| 'sukha kyA hai ?' 'sukha kahAM hai ? ' 'vaha kaise prApta hogA ?' ina saba praznoM kA eka hI uttara hai, eka hI samAdhAna hai, aura vaha hai AtmAnubhUti / usa AtmAnubhUti ko prApta karane kA prArambhika upAya tatvavicAra hai| para dhyAna rahe vaha AtmAnubhUti apanI prArambhika bhUmikA tatva- vicAra kA bhI abhAva karake utpanna hotI hai|| 1000

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40 mAnasika svAsthya ke lie mahAvIra ne yaha kahA * zrI yajJadatta akSaya pahalA sukha nirogI kAyA : saMsAra meM sabhI sukha cAhate haiM / aura sabhI jAnate haiM ki 'pahalA sukha nirogI kaayaa'| zarIra svAsthya ke vinA anya kisI bhI prakAra kA sukha prApta karanA sambhava nahIM / asvastha vyakti ko na acchA khAne kA majA milatA hai na acchA pahanane kA / vaha na saMgIta kA aAnaMda anubhava kara sakatA hai na rUpa, rasa, gaMdha kA / asvastha dazA meM AnaMdAnubhava kI zaktiyAM eka prakAra se kuMThita ho jAtI haiN| isalie 'eka taMdurustI hajAra niyAmata hai|' zarIra rogI hone para kisI kAma yA vAta meM mana nahIM lagatA, mana ukhar3A-ukhar3A sA rahatA hai| isase siddha hai ki zarIra kI svastha yA asvastha dazA kA mana para anukUla yA pratikUla prabhAva par3atA hai| mitabhogI ko svasthatA, ati bhogI ko roga : __ mana kI sahI-galata dazAoM kA indriyoM para, tana para, sahI-galata prabhAva par3atA hai| pahale mana me koI vicAra AtA hai, zarIra aura indriyAM tadnukUla kArya karatI haiM, usakA acchA yA burA prabhAva mana para par3atA hai / mana miThAI khAne ko lalacAtA hai, taba usake kahe anusAra vyavasthA karatA hai, miThAI khAI jAtI hai, jIbha ko acchI lagatI hai| jIbha usa svAda ko aura cAhatI hai / mana yA to kahatA hai ki koI harja nahIM, aura adhika miThAI khAlI jAtI hai to usa ati ke phalasvarUpa zarIra meM vikAra ekatra hote aura roga panapate evaM ubhar3ate haiM yA mana kahatA hai ki basa itanA yatheSTa hai, ati nhiiN| mitabhogI ko svasthatA, atibhogI ko roga / isa saMyama ke phalasvarUpa svasthatA banI rahatI hai| ataH zArIrika svAsthya aura mAnasika ravAsthya paraspara pUraka hai / balki yoM kahanA cAhie ki mAnasika svAsthya zarIra svAsthya kI kuJjI hai svastha mana tana ko svAsthya kI dizA meM agrasara karatA rahatA hai aura svastha tana mAnasika svAsthya ko bar3hAtA rahatA hai| saumanasya kI AvazyakatA : dakSiNa bhArata ke vidvAna prAkRtika cikitsaka zrI kR0 lakSmaNa zarmA ne likhA hai ataH susvAsthya siddhayartha saumanasyAm apekSate / manasi pratikUletu, sanmArgAt pracyuti vA /

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246 manovaijJAnika saMdarbha arthAt acche svAsthya kI siddhi ke liye saumanasya kI AvazyakatA hai / mana ke pratikUla hone para acche mArga se vicalita ho jAnA sunizcita hai / isameM 'saumanasya' zabda vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya hai / 'sumanatA' arthAt zracche mana vAlA honA / gracche manavAlA, 'sumana' kisa prakAra huA jA sakatA hai ? mAnasika svAsthya kA dhanI kauna ? : eka vidvAna ne niroga kauna rahatA hai yaha batAte hue kahA hai nityaM hitAhAra vihAra sevI, samIkSyakArI viSayeSva saktaH / dAtA samaH satyaparaH kSamAvAn zrAptopasevI ca bhavatyarogaH // 4 // grarthAt 'nitya hitakara grAhAra vihAra kA sevana karane vAlA, vivekapUrvaka kArya karane vAlA, viSaya bhogoM meM alipta rahane vAlA, dAna, samabhAva rakhane vAlA, satya grahaNa meM tatpara, kSamAzIla aura grArpa puruSoM kI saMgati karane vAlA niroga rahatA hai|' isake anusAra adhikAMza vAteM mana se, mAnasika svAsthya se samvandha rakhane vAlI haiM / jo samabhAva rakhane vAlA, satya aura kSamA ko dhAraNa karane vAlA, satsaMgati meM rahane vAlA, dUsaroM ke kaSTanivAraNArthaM dAna dene vAlA hai, viveka pUrvaka kArya karatA hai vaha mAnasika svAsthya kA dhanI hai / vaha vipaya bhogoM meM saMyama, khAnapAna, rahana-sahana meM saMyama, hitakaratA-grahitakaratA kA vizleSaNa kara graharaNa tathA tyAga karane ke dhairya kA prabhAva mana para DAla sakegA 1. 'dharmArtha kAmamokSAraNAM ArogyaMmUla sAvanam' dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa kA mUla sAdhana Arogya hai / isalie mana aura tana se svastha rahane ke sAdhanoM, prakriyAyoM kA nirdeza dharma ke antargata kiyA jAtA rahA hai / mAnasika vikAra : 'kAlikApurANa' meM mAnasika bhAvoM ko nimna prakAra ginAyA gayA hai zokaH krodhazca, lobhazca kAmo mohaH parAsutA / IrSyA mAno vicikitsA kRpA'sUyA jugupsatA / dvAdazaite vuddhinAza hetavo mAnasA malAH // arthAt zoka, krodha, lobha, kAma, moha, grAlasya, IrSyA, abhimAna, saMzayagrastatA, tarasakhAnA, asUyA va paraniMdA ye vAraha mAnasika vikAra buddhi nAza ke hetu haiM / inake atirikta bhI adhIratA, nirAzAvAdI manovRtti, cir3acir3Apana, grAlasya, pramAda ( lAparavAhI), bhoga lAlasA kI atizayatA, citA, kRtanizcayoM para gramala na karanA Adi aura bhI mAnasika vikAra yA mana ke roga haiM / mahAvIra ne yaha kahA : bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM meM sarvatra mAnasika svAsthya ke lie Avazyaka tatvoM evaM mAnasika vikAroM ke tyAga kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai /

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mAnasika svAsthya ke lie mahAvIra ne yaha kahA 247 kohaM ca mANaM ca tahe va mAyaM lobhaM ca utthaM ajjhattha dosA / eyANivantA arahA mahesI na kubvai pAvaM na kAra veI / / arthAt krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha-ye cAra atarAtmA ke bhayaMkara doSa haiM / inakA pUrNa ! rUpa se parityAga karane vAle arhanta mahapi na svayaM pApa karate haiM aura na dUsaroM se / karavAte hai| ina bhayaMkara doSoM kA pariNAma batAte hue ve kahate haiM arhe vayanti koheNa, mANeNaM ahayA gaI / mAyA gahapaDigghA o, lohA o duha o bhayaM / / arthAt krodha se manuSya nIce giratA hai, abhimAna se adhamagati ko pahuMcatA hai, mAyA se sadgati kA nAza hotA hai, aura lobha se ihaloka tathA paraloka meM mahAn bhaya hai / duSpariccayA hame kAmA no sujahA adhIra purasehiM / ahasaMti suvayA sAhU, je tarantiH atare vANeyAva / arthAt kAma bhoga bar3I muzkila se chUTate hai adhIra puruSa to inheM sahasA chor3a hI nahIM sakate / parantu jo mahAvratoM jaise sundara vratoM ke pAlana karane vAle sAdhu puruSa haiM ve hI dustara bhoga samudra ko taira kara pAra hote haiM, jaise-vaNika samudra ko| svasthatA kI prakriyA : vikRta manoM vyApAroM aura kAryoM ko ho pApa kI saMjJA dI gayI hai / mahAvIra svAmI mAnasika mUlyoM kI hAnikArakatA batAne ke sAtha-sAtha mAnasika svAsthya ke mArga ke rUpa meM sundara vratoM ko pAlana karane kA nirdeza dete hai / mahAvIra svAmI to vyakti aura samAja ke rogoM kI sucArU cikitsA karane vAle mahApurupa the / unhoMne chaha mAnasika aura chaha zArIrika tapoM kA nirdeza kara mAnasika aura zArIrika svAsthya kI ora dizA nirdeza kiyA hai / unake kathana Aja kI bhApA meM, Aja kI zabdAvalI meM nahIM hai, unake samaya kI zabdAvalI meM hai / kintu tanika gaharAI se vicAra karate hI unakI Aja ke yuga ke anukUla upayogitA samajha meM A sakatI hai / aNasaNamUNopariyA, bhikkhApariyA, rspriccaayo| kAma kileso saMlIgayAya, bajjho tavo hoi| anazana, anodarI, bhikSAcArI, rasaparityAga, kAma kleza aura saMlekhanA ye bAhya tapa hai| pApacchittaviNayo, veyAccaM taheva sajjhAo / __ jhANaMca viussAggo, eso anbhintaro tavo / / prAyazcita, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, dhyAna aura vyutsarga ye Abhyantara tapa hai| Abhyantara tapa mAnasika svAsthya ke acUka upAya hai / jo vyakti apanI truTiyAM ko svIkAra kara svayaM sphUti se daNDa grahaNa karatA hai pazcAtApa kara una dopoM ko na doharAne

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manovaijJAnika saMdarbha kA nizcaya karatA hai usake mana meM mAnasika graMthiyAM jaTilatAeM, ulajhane Tika hI nahIM sakatI / 248 evaM dhammassaviraNa, mUlaM paramo se mokkho / jeraNa kitti suye sigdhaM nissesaMcAbhigaccha // isI bhA~ti dharma kA mUla vinaya hai aura mokSa usakA aMtima rasa hai / vinaya ke dvArA hI manuSya bar3I jaldI zAstrajJAna tathA kIrti sampAdana karatA hai / aMta meM nizreyasa bhI isI ke dvArA prApta hotA hai / viktI praviNIyassa, saMpattI viraNIyassa / jasseye duha pro nAyaM, sikkhaM se grabhigacchai / 'avinIta ko vipatti prApta hotI hai aura vinIta ko sampatti' ye do bAteM jisane jAna lI haiM, vahI zikSA prApta kara sakatA hai / spaSTa hai ki mAnasika rUpa se asvastha vyakti kisI prakAra kI zikSA prApta nahIM kara sakatA / bhArata prasiddha prAkRtika cikitsaka 'Arogya' ke sampAdaka zrI viTThaladAsa modI 'Arogya' ke sitambara, 74 I0 ke aMka meM likhate haiM-- 'madada eka aisI davA hai jo lene zrIra dene vAle donoM ko hI phAyadA pahuMcAtI hai / yadi grApa dUsaroM kI bhalAI ke kAma meM apane ko bhUla jAya to Apake roga svayaM jAne kI ora pravRtta hote haiM / dUsaroM kI bhalAI se saMtoSa prApta hotA hai aura vaha hamArI kalpanA ko svastha banAtA hai aura svastha kalpanA, kalpanA karane vAle ko bhI svastha hI dekhatI hai / vaiyAvRtyarUpa tapa kA yahI lAbha hai / ajJAna, alpa jJAna, aura zuddha jJAna kA aMta svAdhyAya se hotA hai / isIlie svAdhyAya mAnasika svAsthya ke lie apUrva auSadha hai / lokamAnya tilaka ne isIlie kahA thA ki 'maiM naraka meM bhI uttama pustakoM kA svAgata karUMgA' / isI prakAra dhyAna aura vyutsarga bhI caMcala aura grasthira, manovRttiyoM ko upazamita karane meM sahAyaka hote haiM / samyaka sAdhanA Avazyaka : prAyaH prApta sadjJAna kA Alasya aura pramAdavaza bhalIbhAMti paripAlana nahIM kiye jAne ke phalasvarUpa aneka grAviyoM kA janma hotA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra isIlie kahate hai 8 khippaM na sakkeha vivegameuM tamhA samuTThAya pahAya kAme / samicca loyaM samayA mahesI prAyAraNa rakkhI caramappamatta // Atma viveka kucha jhaTapaTa prApta nahIM kiyA jAtA - isake lie samyak sAdhanA kI AvazyakatA hai | maharSijanoM ko bahuta pahale se saMyama patha para dRr3hatA ke sAtha khar3e hokara, kAmabhogoM kA parityAga kara, samatA pUrvaka svArthI saMsAra kI vAstavikatA ko samajhakara, apanI AtmA kI pApoM se rakSA karate hue sarvadA apramAdI rUpa se vicAranA cAhie /

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mAnasika svAsthya ke lie mahAvIra ne yaha kahA vale jaha bhAra vAhae, mAmago visaye'va gAhiyA / pacchA paccANu tAvae, samayaM goyama ! mA pamAyae / / 24 ghumAvadAra viSayamArga ko chor3akara tU sIdhe aura sApha mArga para cala / viSaya mArga para calane vAle nirvala bhAravAhaka kI taraha bAda meM pachatAne vAlA na vana / he gautama! kSaNamAtra bhI pramAda na kara / isa prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sthAna-sthAna para mana ke vividha vikAroM ko dUra karane kA upadeza dete hue mAnasika svAsthya kA patha prazasta kiyA hai / mAnasika rUpa se svastha puruSa zarIra se bhI svastha rahegA / sAtha hI sAmAjika svAsthya ke lie bhI, jisake ki prabhAva meM Aja samAjavAda va sAmyavAda ke lubhAne vAle nAroM kI grAr3a meM janatA sabhI prakAra ke kalezoM se saMtrasta hai, mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA adA kara sakatA hai / Aja ke yuga ke saMdarbha meM mahAvIra svAmI ke upadezoM kA viveka pUrvaka manana kara paripAlana karane kI dizA meM agrasara honA atyanta grAvazyaka hai /

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avakAza ke kSaNoM ke upayoga kI samasyA aura mahAvIra * zrI mahAvIra koTiyA mar...wwwnne.... .ruuuuu.... avakAza ke samaya kI samasyA : Adhunika vaijJAnika upalabdhiyoM ne manupya ko paryApta avakAza kA samaya de diyA hai, jisakA vaha manamAne DhaMga se upayoga karane meM svatantra hai| udyoga-dhaMvoM kA mazInIkaraNa, AvAgamana va saMdezavAhana ke drutagAmI sAvana aura yahAM taka ki choTe moTe gharelU kAma bhI yathA vartanoM kI saphAI va dhulAI, makAnoM kI saphAI va pharza kI bulAI, rasoI ghara kA kAmakAja Adi ke lie bhI ati vikasita pazcimIya dezoM meM svacAlita mazIneM kAryarata haiM, taba phira kyoM nahIM manupya apane lie paryApta avakAza ke samaya kA upabhoga kare ? vaijJAnika aura takanIkI dRSTi se vikasita dezoM meM jahAM avakAza ke samaya ko yaha samasyA adhika ugra hai vahAM avikasita dezoM meM abhI isa samasyA kA vaha rUpa nahIM hai, aura agara kucha hai bhI to vaha sAdhana sampanna kucha ucca varga ke logoM taka hI pramukhataH sImita hai| __ avakAza ke samaya kA do dRSTiyoM se upayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai / eka nirmANAtmaka rUpa meM arthAt vyakti, samAja va rASTra-nirmANa ke kAryo meM, dUsarA rUpa isa amUlya samaya ke durupayoga kA hai, javaki vyakti madyapAna karane, junA khelane tathA isI prakAra ke anya nirarthaka kAryoM meM, vyasanoM meM, niThalle rahane meM hI ise vyatIta karade / pazcimI dezoM meM samaya gujArane ke lie aneka prakAra ke naye-naye kAryakrama, nita naye saMgaThana rUpa grahaNa karate jA rahe haiM, jinakA uddezya manupya ke amUlya samaya ko mauja-maje ke kAryakrama meM vitAnA mAtra / aise kAryakramoM meM hippI-vAdiyoM kI bhAMga, gAMjA, carasa, ela. esa. DI. kI goliyoM Adi ke sevana ke mAdhyama se jIvana meM sukha-zAMti kI khoja, vITaloM kA mAdaka saMgIta, prAkRtika suramya sthAnoM para nirvastra vihAra, surApAna aura unmukta bhoga kA Ananda Adi ke vikalpa prastuta kie jAkara manuSya ke mana ko bharamAyA jAtA hai, use mAdaka sukha-svapnoM kA ahasAsa karAkara samaya vitAne kA mantra diyA jAtA hai| para prazna yaha hai ki kyA yaha khAlI samaya kA sahI upayoga hai ? manuSya niThallA nahIM raha sakatA : __isa prazna ke sAtha hI isa samasyA kA eka dUsarA pahalU yaha bhI hai ki manupya vastutaH niThallA raha bhI nahIM sakatA hai / niThalle rahakara samaya nikAlanA eka mAnavIya samasyA hai| manupya kAbhI adhika kAma karane se nahIM marA, agara vaha marA hai to zakti apavyaya va

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manovaijJAnika saMdarbha . 251 ciMtA ke kAraNa / jahAM hama khAlI hue nahIM ki taraha-taraha ke vicAra, bhAvanAeM, Ula-jalUla kalpanAeM hamAre mastiSka ko vikRta karane lagatI haiN| anahonI ciMtAeM nirarthaka vikalpa, saMbhAvya ghaTanAoM se mana bharane lagatA hai, snAvayika uttejanA bar3ha jAtI hai, jIvana nissAra aura niSphala lagane lagatA hai / ukatAhaTa, vyAkulatA, nirAzA aura parAjaya kI bhAvanA niThalle manuSya ko A davocatI hai / ye use kahIM kA nahIM rahane detI, svAsthya caupaTa, ciMtAgrasta mujhIyA ceharA, bujhA mana, na utsAha aura na prphulltaa| aise vyakti ke lie jIvana bhAra ho jAtA hai, jInA duzvAra ho jAtA hai / marate vanatA nahIM, jInA AtA nhiiN| kArya-nimagnatA sukhI jIvana kI zarta : phira kiyA kyA jAe ? AdamI ko svastha bhI rahanA hai, sukhI aura prasanna bhii| hamezA khIjha bhare, jhuMjhalAnevAle aura ukatAhaTa bharA kaTu jIvana jIne vAle loga hI raheM to yaha duniyA rahane yogya kahAM raha jAegI ? ataH eka hI sAdhana hai aura vahI sAdhya bhI hai, 'yAdamI ko vyasta rahanA cAhie / ' aMgreja kavi Tenisana kahatA hai : 'mujhe kArya meM nimagna rahanA cAhie, nahIM to maiM nairAzya meM TUTa jAUMgA / yahI 'vAta snAyuroga cikatsaka kahate haiM / unakA kahanA hai ki snAyurogoM kA hetu girAnoM kA hrAsa honA nahIM, apita nissAratA, niSphalatA, nirAzA, cintA aura vyAkulatA Adi ke manovikAra haiN| ciMtA, bhaya, ghRNA, IyAM tathA spardhA ke ye manobhAva itane pravala hote haiM ki ye mastiSka se anya mabhI zAMta evaM sukhada vicAroM tathA manobhAvoM ko nikAla bAhara kara dete haiM / ataH manuSya kA kartavya (dharma) hai vyasta rahanA, sukhI jIvana ke lie kArya nimagna rhnaa| paropakArI ko vyastatA apanAyeM : ___isa sandarbha meM saMsAra ke mahApuruSoM, dharma-saMsthApakoM, tIrthakaroM ne manuSya kI sarvAdhika sahAyatA kI hai / yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki manuSya apane svArtha ke kAraNa apane ina muktidAtAmoM kI hI upekSA karane lage, unakI pUjA-upAsanA kA dikhAvA to karatA rahe parantu unake vAstavika upadezoM ko tilAMjali de de| manuSya ke isI svArtha ne bAra-bAra use duHkha meM ghasITA hai, ciMtA meM DuboyA hai, nirAzA grasta kiyA hai / duniyA meM AnevAloM meM se adhisaMkhyaka jIvanabhara rote hI rahate haiM, rote hI cale jAte haiM / sukhI jIvana ke lie Avazyaka hai ki hama apanA dRSTikoNa bdleN| niThalle rahane kI apekSA paropakArI kI vyastatA ko apanAyeM / isa vyastatA ke lie hameM anivArya rUpa se dhArmika honA par3egA, AdhyAtmavAdI bananA par3egA, apane 'sva' se nikalakara 'para' kI ciMtA bhI karanI hogI, svArtha ko chor3a paramArtha ko pakar3anA hogA, saMkucitatA aura saMkIrNatA ko bhulA kara vizAla hRdayatA kI garimA ko samajhanA hogA / vizva ke sabhI dharmo ne parArtha sevA ko hI atyadhika mahatva diyA hai| janasevA kI bhAvanA : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra dvArA upadezita dharma kA to mUlAdhAra hI jana sevA kI bhAvanA hai| isa sandarbha meM mujhe bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana kA eka prasaMga bAra-bAra yAda A jAtA hai| eka bAra unake pramukha ziSya (gaNadhara) gautama ne unase prazna kiyA, bhagavana ! do

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252 avakAza ke kSaNoM ke upayoga kI samasyA aura mahAvIra vyakti haiM / eka rAta dina ApakI bhakti meM lagA rahatA hai, ataH jana-sevA ke lie samaya nahIM nikAla pAtA / dUsarA sadA hI jana-sevA meM lagA rahatA hai, ataH ApakI bhakti nahIM kara pAtA / prabhu ina donoM meM kauna dhanya hai ? kauna adhika puNya kA bhAgI hai ? mahAvIra ne vinA eka kSaNa ke bhI vilamba ke uttara diyA--'vaha, jo jana-sevA meM lagA rahatA hai, dhanya hai, puNyavAna hai / ' gautama ne kahA-'prabhu ! yaha kaise ? kyA ApakI bhkti.....|' gautama ! merI bhakti, merA nAma raTane meM yA merI pUjA arcanA karane meM nahIM, merI vAstavika bhakti merI AjJA pAlana meM hai / merI AjJA hai prANI mAtra ko sukha-suvidhA va zAMti pahuMcAnA, unake kaSToM kA parihAra krnaa| samaya kA sadupayoga : isa prakAra mahAvIra ke dRSTikoNa se saccA dhArmika vaha hai jo prANI sevA meM lagA rahatA hai / prANI mAtra kI sevA jisakA dharma hai, usako avakAza kahAM ? yaha duniyA sadA hI aneka dInoM, duHkhiyoM, pIr3itoM, apaMgoM, bhayAkrAntoM se bharI par3I hai / jisane pIr3ita mAnavatA kI pukAra ko sunanA sIkha liyA, use jIvana meM avakAza kahAM ? usake cAroM ora anavarata kAma kI aisI lamvI zRkhalA hai, jise kabhI pUrA honA nahIM aura jisako karane meM sadA hI eka svargika Ananda hai, divya santopa hai, eka dhuna hai, eka lagana hai jo jInA hI sArthaka kara jAtI hai| ____ mahAvIra ne dharma kA svarUpa batAyA hai-ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa / ahiMsA aura saMyama bhAvanAparaka adhika haiM parantu tapa meM kriyA pramukha hai| tapa arthAt parasevA, svAdhyAya, AtmaciMtana / hama tapa ko hI pakar3aleM to hamAre 'khAlI samaya' kI samasyA kA nirAkaraNa ho jaaegaa| para-sevA jisakA lakSya ho, svAdhyAya aura AtmaciMtana jisakA vyasana vana gayA ho, usake pAsa khAlI samaya rahatA hI kahAM hai ? vyaktiyoM ko cAhie ki ve vyasta rahane ke isa jIvana darzana ko samajheM aura ise vyavahAra meM utaareN| jIvikopArjana ke dhance se bace apane amUlya kSaNoM kA upayoga dUsaroM ke hitArtha kAma karane, sat-sAhitya kA svAdhyAya karane, Atmacintana karane Adi meM lagAeM / yadi hamArA avakAza kA samaya kisI duHkhI ke AMsU pauMchane meM, kisI saMtapta hRdaya ko sAntavanA dene meM, kisI vesahArA ko sahArA pradAna karane meM tathA acche vicAroM ke adhyayana manana va cintana tathA dhyAna sAdhanA meM laga sake to isase acchA samaya kA sadupayoga aura kyA hogA ?

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aSTama khaNDa sAMskRtika saMdarbha

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42 Adhunika paristhitiyA~ evaM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA saMdeza * DaoN0 mahAvIra sarana jaina bauddhika kolAhala kA yuga : bhagavAna mahAvIra ke yuga para jaba hama dRSTipAta karate haiM to pAte haiM ki vaha yuga bhI Aja ke yuga kI bhAMti atyaMta vauddhika kolAhala kA yuga thA / hamArA zrAja kA yuga adhyAtma, dharma, mokSa prAdi pAralaukika cintana ke prati virakta hI nahIM, anAsthAvAna bhI hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke yuga meM bhI bhautikavAdI evaM saMzayamUlaka jIvana darzana ke matAnuyAyI citakoM ne samasta dhArmika mAnyatAgroM, cira saMcita AsthA evaM vizvAsa ke prati praznavAcaka cinha lagA diyA thaa| pUraNakassapa, makkhali gozAlaka, ajita kezakambali, pakudha kaccAyana, saMjaya belaTThaputta Adi ke vicAroM ko par3hane para hamako AbhAsa hotA hai ki 'yuga ke jana-mAnasa ko saMzaya, trAsa, zravizvAsa, anAsthA, praznAkulatAM zrAdi vRttiyoM ne kisa sImA taka zrAddha kara liyA thaa| pUraNa kassapa evaM pakudha kaccAyana donoM prAcAryo ne AtmA kI sthiti to svIkAra kI thI kintu 'prakriyAvAdI' darzana kA pratipAdana karane ke kAraNa inhoMne sAmAjika jIvana meM pApa-puNya kI sabhI rekhAyeM miTAkara anAcAra evaM hiMsA ke vIjoM kA vapana kiyA / pUraNa kassapa pracArita kara rahe the ki zrAtmA koI kriyA nahIM karatI, zarIra karatA hai aura isa kAraNa kisI bhI prakAra kI kriyA karane se na pApa hotA hai na puNya / pakudha kaccAyana ne batAyA ki (1) pRthvI (2) jala (3) teja (4) vAyu (5) sukha (6) duHkha evaM (7) jIvana - ye sAta padArtha prakRta, anirmita, avadhya, kUTastha evaM acala haiM / isa mAnyatA ke AdhAra para ve yaha sthApanA kara rahe the ki jaba ye avazya haiM to koI haMtA nahIM ho sakatA / "yadi tIkSNa zastra dvArA kisI ko kATa bhI diyA jAve to bhI vaha kisI ko prAraNa se mAranA nahIM kahA jA sakatA / " ajitakesa kuMvali punarjanmavAda para prahAra kara grAstikavAda ko jhUThA ThaharA rahe the tathA bhautikavAdI vicAradhArA kA nirUpaNa karane ke lie isa siddhAnta kI sthApanA kara rahe the ki "mUrkha aura paMDita sabhI zarIra ke naSTa hote hI uccheda ko prApta ho jAte haiM / " bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlika prAcArya maMkhali gozAlaka kI paramparA ko AjIka yA prajIvika kahA gayA hai / 'maMjhimanikAya' meM inakI jIvana-dRSTi ko 'grahetukadiTThi'

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256 sAMskRtika saMdarbha athavA 'akiriyAdiTi' kahA gayA hai / isa prakAra unake mata meM vyakti kI icchA-zakti kA prapanA koI mahattva nahIM hai| niyativAdI hone ke kAraNa gozAlaka pracArita kara rahe the ki "jIvana-maraNa, sukha-dukha, hAni-lAbha, ye saba anatikramaNIya haiM, inheM TAlA nahIM jA sakatA, vaha hokara hI rahatA hai|" saMjaya velaTiputta anizcaya evaM saMzaya ke cAroM ora cakkara kATa rahe the| inake anusAra paraloka, ayonija prANI, zubhAzubha karmoM ke phala Adi ke viSaya meM nizcitarUpa se kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| mahAvIra : mAnavIya sauhArda ke Aloka : isa prakAra jisa samaya darzana ke kSetra meM cAroM ora ghora saMzaya, anizcaya, tarka, vitarka, praznAkulatA vyApta thI, prAcAramUlaka siddhAntoM kI avahelanA evaM unakA tiraskAra, karane vAle cintakoM ke svara sunAyI de rahe the, mAnavIya sauhArda evaM karmavAda ke sthAna para ghora bhogavAdI, akriyAvAdI evaM ucchedavAdI vRttiyAM panapa rahI thIM, jIvana kA koI patha spaSTa nahIM dikhAyI de rahA thA, usa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra ne prANI mAtra ke kalyANa ke lie, apane hI prayatloM dvArA uccatama vikAsa kara sakane kA AsthApUrNa mArga prazasta kara; anekAMtavAda, syAdvAda, aparigrahavAda evaM ahiMsAvAda Adi kA sandeza dekara navIna Aloka prasphuTita kiyaa| bhautika vijJAna kI unnati : Aja bhI bhautika vijJAna kI carama unnati mAnavIya cetanA ko jisa stara para le gayI hai vahAM para usane hamArI samasta mAnyatAoM ke sAmane praznavAcaka cinha lagA diyA hai| prAcIna mUlyoM ke prati mana meM vizvAsa nahIM rahA hai / mahAyuddhoM kI AzaMkA, prANavika yuddhoM kI hor3a aura yAMtrika jar3atA ne hameM eka aise sthAna para lAkara khar3A kara diyA hai jahAM sundaratA bhI bhayAnaka ho gayI hai / Dablyu. bI. ITsa kI paMktiyAM zAyada isI parivartana ko lakSya karatI haiM All changed, changed utterly A terrible beauty is born. vaijJAnika unnati kI carama sambhAvanAoM se camatkRta evaM praudyogIkaraNa kI prakriyA se gujarane evaM palane vAlA Aja kA AdamI iliyaTa ke "vesTalaiMDa' ke nivAsI kI bhAMti jar3avat evaM yantravat hone para vivaza hotA jA rahA hai| rUr3higata dharma ke prati Aja kA mAnava kiMcita bhI vizvAsa ko juTA nahIM pA rahA hai| samAja meM paraspara ghRNA, avizvAsa, anAsthA evaM saMtrAsa ke vAtAvaraNa ke kAraNa Aja aneka mAnavIya samasyAeM utpanna hotI jA rahI haiM / bharI bhIr3a meM vyakti akelA hotA jA rahA hai, jur3akara bhI apane ko samAja se tor3ane kA upakrama karanA isI kI nizAnI hai

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Adhunika paristhitiyA~ evaM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA saMdeza 257 isI vala jahAM jahAM pahacAna huI, maine vaha ThAMva chor3a dI, mamatA ne tariNI-tIra aura mor3Avaha Dora maine tor3a dii| -ajJaya Arthika anizcayAtmakatA, arAjakatA, AtmaglAni. vyaktivAdI yAtma vidroha, jIvana kI lakSyahIna samApti Adi pravRttiyoM se bAja kA yuga grasita hai / koTi-koTi jana jinheM yugoM-yugoM se samasta mAnavIya adhikAroM se vaMcita rakhA gayA hai ve Aja bhAgyavAda evaM niyativAda ke sahAre mauna hokara baiTha jAnA nahIM cAhate pratyuta sampUrNa vyavasthA para hathaur3A calAkara use naSTa-bhraSTa kara denA cAhate hai / astitvavAdI cintana : __ paramparAgata jIvana-mUlyoM ko sAyAsa tIr3ane kI uddezyagata samAnatA ke hote hue bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI evaM samasAmayika prakriyAvAdI cintana evaM Adhunika astitvavAdI cintana meM bahuta antara hai / astitvavAdI cintana ne mAnava-vyakti ke saMkalpa svAtantrya; vyaktitva nirmANa ke lie sva prayatloM evaM kamaMgata mahattva kA pratipAdana, karmoM ke prati pUrNa dAyitva kI bhAvanA tathA vyaktitva kI vilakSaNatA, garimA evaM zreSThatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / yaha cintana "sArasattA" (Essence) aura "astittva" (Existence) ko alaga arthoM meM prayukta karatA hai / sArasattA prakRti kA nizcita prAkArayukta prayojanazIla niSkriya tattva hai aura astittva cetanAsampanna kriyAzIla anizcita tattva hai jo sRSTi meM mAnava mAtra meM hI parilakSita hotA hai / astittva sampanna mAnava apane aitihAsika vikAsa ke anirdiSTa, ajJeya mArga ko mApatA calatA hai / sRSTi kI yaha cetana sattA apane cintana evaM nirNaya ke lie pUrNa svatantra hai -- maiM ratha kA TUTA huA pahiyA hU~ lekina mujhe pheMko mata ..................... . . itihAsoM kI sAmUhika gati sahasA jhUThI par3a jAne parakyA jAne / sacAI TUTe hue pahiye kA Azraya le / -dharmavIra bhAratI isa prakAra Aja kA jIvana-darzana khaMDita, pIr3ita hote hue bhI akarmaNya evaM bhAgya

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258 sAMskRtika saMdarbha vAdI nahIM hai / Aja eka ora jahAM gati hai vahIM dizA nahIM hai / Aja kI paristhitiyoM meM isI kAraNa bhayAvaha khataroM se bharI huI duniyA meM camakIlI grAzAyeM bhI haiM / purAne jamAne kI cetanA meM AdamI ke bhAgya kA vidhAtA "paramAtmA' mAnA jAtA thaa| isa paramAtmA ke prati zraddhA evaM ananyabhAva ke sAtha "atyanurAga" evaM "samarpaNa" se vyakti chuTakArA pA letA thA / "bhakti eka aisA amogha astra thA jo samasta vipadAoM se chuTakArA dilA detA thA; "rAmavANa praupadhi' thii| ArAdhya alaga-alaga ho sakate haiM kintu kisI pArAdhya ke prati "parAnurakti" "parama prema", sneha pUrvaka kiyA gayA satata dhyAna se usakI samasta manokAmanAyeM pUrI ho jAtI thii| ___kintu Aja kA vyakti svatantra hone ke lie abhizApita (Condemned to be free) hai / Aja vyakti parAvalambI hokara nahIM, svatantra nirNayoM ke kriyAnvaya ke dvArA vikAsa karanA cAhatA hai / sArca kA astitvavAda Izvara kA nipedha karatA hai aura mAnava ko hI apane bhaviSya kA nirmAtA svIkAra karatA hai| yaha cintana mahAtmA buddha ke 'attA hI attano nAthoM ko hI nAtho paro siyA" "pApa hI apanA svAmI hai; dUsarA kauna svAmI ho sakatA hai" ke anukUla hai| astitvavAdI darzana yaha mAnatA hai ki manuSya kA sraSTA Izvara nahIM hai aura isIlie mAnava-svabhAva, usakA vikAsa usakA bhaviSya bhI nizcita evaM pUrva momAMsita nahI hai| manuSya vaha hai jo apane Apako banAtA hai| . jaina-darzana meM bhI AtmA ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana karate hue kahA gayA hai appA kattA vikattA ya, duhANaM ya suhANa ya / - appA mittamamittaM ca duppaTThiya suppttttiyo|| -uttarAdhyayana sUtra 20 : 37 AtmA hI duHkha evaM sukha kA kartA yA vikartA hai / sumArga para calane para prAtmA mitra evaM kumArga para calane para vahI zatru hotA hai| __ mAnava ko mahattva dete hue bhI sArca sAmAjika darzana ke dharAtala para atyaMta avyAvahArika hai kyoMki vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki cetanAoM ke pArasparika sambaMdhoM kI AdhArabhUmi sAmaMjasya nahIM virodha hai tathA anya vyaktiyoM ke astitva vRtta hamAre astitva vRttoM kI paridhiyoM ke madhya pAkara saMgharSa, bhaya, ghRNA Adi bhAvoM ke udbhAvaka evaM preraka banate haiN| sAtra isI kAraNa vAstavika saMsAra ko asaMgata, avyavasthita, avadhArita aura ajJeya mAnatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki apane ko apanA svAmI mAnate hue jahAM gautamavuddha svayaM saMyama ke patha se prANI ko durlabha svAmI kI prApti kA nirdeza dete haiM vahAM sAtra vyakti aura vyakti ke madhya saMgharpa evaM avizvAsa kI bhUmikA vanAtA hai|

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Adhunika paristhitiyA~ evaM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA saMdeza mAnavIya mUlyoM kI sthApanA : yadi hameM mAnava ke astitva ko banAye rakhanA hai to hameM mAnavIya mUlyoM kI sthApanA karanI hogI, sAmAjika sauhArda evaM vaMdhutva kA vAtAvaraNa nirmita karanA hogA, dUsaroM ko samajhane evaM pUrvAgrahoM se rahita manaHsthiti meM apane ko samajhAne ke lie tatpara honA hogA, bhAgyavAda ke sthAna para karmavAda kI pratiSThA karanI hogI, unmukta dRSTi se jIvanopayogI darzana kA nirmANa karanA hogA / Aja vahI dharma evaM darzana hamArI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna kara sakatA hai jo unmukta dRSTi se vicAra karane kI preraNA de sake / zAstroM meM yaha bAta kahI gayI hai kevala isI kAraNa Aja kA mAnasa evaM vizeSa rUpa se bauddhika samudAya evaM yuvaka use mAnane ke lie taiyAra nahIM hai / darzana meM aise vyApaka tatva hone cAhiye jo tArkika evaM baudvika vyakti ko santuSTa kara skeN| Aja kA mAnava kevala zraddhA, santoSa aura andhI AstikatA ke sahAre kisI vAta ko mAnane ke lie tatpara na hogaa| dharma evaM darzana kA svarUpa aisA honA cAhiye jo prANI mAtra ko prabhAvita kara sake evaM use apane hI prayatnoM ke bala para vikAsa karane kA mArga dikhA sake / aisA darzana nahIM honA cAhie jo AdamI-AdamI ke bIca dIvAreM khar3I karake cale / dharma ko pAralaukika evaM laukika donoM staroM para mAnava kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke lie tatpara honA hogaa| prAcIna darzana ne kevala adhyAtma sAdhanA para bala diyA thA aura isa laukika jagata kI avahelanA huI thii| Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM vauddhikatA kA atireka vyakti ke antarjagata kI vyApaka sImAoM ko saMkIrNa karane evaM usake bahirjagata kI sImAoM ko prasArita karane meM yatnazIla hai / Aja ke dhArmika evaM dArzanika manopiyoM ko vaha mArga khojanA hai ki mAnava apanI vahimukhatA ke sAtha-sAtha antarmukhatA kA bhI vikAsa kara sake / pAralaukika cintana vyakti ke Atma vikAsa meM cAhe kitanA hI sahAyaka ho kintu usase sAmAjika sambandhoM kI sambaddhatA samarasatA evaM samasyAoM ke samAdhAna me adhika sahAyatA nahIM milatI hai / Aja ke bhautikavAdI yuga meM kevala vairAgya se kAma calane vAlA nahI hai / Aja hameM mAnava kI bhautikavAdI dRSTi ko sImita karanA hogA, bhautika svArthaparaka icchAoM ko saMyamita karanA hogA, mana kI kAmanAoM meM paramArtha kA raMga milAnA hogA / Aja mAnava ko na to isa prakAra kA darzana zAMti de sakatA hai ki kevala brahma satya hai, jagata mithyA hai tathA na kevala bhautika tatvoM kI hI sattA ko satya mAnane vAlA dRSTikoNa jIvana ke unnayana meM sahAyaka ho sakatA hai| eka bAra khalIla jibrAna ne kahA thA "tuma yauvana aura isakA jJAna eka hI samaya prApta nahI kara sakate, kyoMki yauvana jIne meM atyadhika vyasta hai, ise jAnArjana kA avakAza nahI aura jJAna apane svarUpa kI khoja meM itanA magna hai ki ise jIne kA avasara nahI" / Aja yauvana aura jJAna; bhautikatA aura AdhyAtmikatA ke samatva kI AvazyakatA hai| isake lie dharma evaM darzana kI vartamAna sAmAjika saMdarbho ke anurUpa evaM bhAvI mAnavIya cetanA ke niryAmaka rUpa me vyAkhyA karanI hai / isa saMdarbha meM AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke RSiyoM

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260 nAMskRtika saMdarbha evaM muniyoM kI dhArmika sAdhanA evaM gRhastha sAmAjika vyaktiyoM kI dhArmika bhAvanA ke alaga-alaga staroM ko paribhApita karanA Avazyaka hai| aise dharma-darzana kI nAvazyakatA : dharma evaM darzana kA svarupa aisA honA cAhiye jo paMjAnika ho / vanAniko kI pratipattikAnoM ko nojane kA mArga evaM dhAmika manISiyoM evaM dAgaMni tatva-cinta konI khoja kA mArga alaga-alaga ho sakatA hai kintu unake niddhAntoM evaM mUlabhUta pratyayoM meM virodha nahIM honA cAhiye / aAja ke manuSya ne prajAtantrAtmaka zAsana vyavasthA ko prAdagaM mAnA hai| hamArA dharma bhI prajAtantrAtmaka zAmana paddhati ke anurUpa honA cAhie / prajAtaMtrAtmaka zAsana vyavasthA meM pratyeka vyakti ko samAna adhikAra prApta hote hai / darzana ke dharAtala para bhI hame vyakti mAna ko samatA kA udghoSa karanA hogA / prajAtaMtrAtmaka jIvana paddhati ke svatantratA eva namAnatA do bahana bar3e mUlya hai| aAja yugIna vicAradhArAnoM para jaba hama dRSTipAta karate haiM to isa dRSTi se unakI sImAyeM spaSTa ho jAtI hai| sAmyavAdI vicAradhAga namAja para itanA dala de detI hai ki manuSya kI vyaktigata sattA ke bAre me vaha atyanta nirmama tathA kaThora ho jAtI hai / isake atirikta varga saMgharSa evaM. dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAdI cintana ke kAraNa yaha samAja ko vAMTatI hai, gatizIla padArthoM kI virodhI gaktiyo ke saMgharSa yA dvandva ko jIvana kI bhautikavAdI vyavasthA ke mUla meM mAnane ke kAraNa matata naMdhapatva kI bhUmikA pradAna karatI hai, mAnava jAti ko paraspara anurAga evaM ekatva kI AdhArabhUmi pradAna nahIM krtii| isake viparIta vyaktigata svAtantrya para bala dene vAlI vicAradhArAyeM samAja ko vyaktiyoM kA samUha mAtra mAnatI hai aura apane adhikAroM ke lie samAja se satata saMgharSa kI preraNA detI hai tathA sAdhanavihIna asahAya bhUkhe padadalita logoM ke sambandha meM inake pAsa koI kAryakrama nahIM hai / phrAyaDa vyakti ke cetana, upacetana mana ke staroM kA vizleparaNa kara mAnava kI zrAdima vRttiyo ke prakAzana meM samAja kI varjanAtroM ko avarodhaka mAnatA hai tathA vyakti ke mUlyoM ko surakSita rakhane ke nAma para vyakti ko samAja se vAMvatA nahIM, kATatA hai| __ isa prakAra yugIna vicAradhArAtroM se vyakti aura samAja ke bIca, samAja kI samasta ikAiyo ke vIca sAmarasya sthApita nahI ho sktaa| Aja aise darzana kI AvazyakatA hai jo samAja ke sadasyoM meM paraspara sAmAjika sauhArda evaM vaMdhutva kA vAtAvaraNa nirmita kara sake / yadi yaha na ho sakA to kisI bhI prakAra kI vyavasthA evaM zAsana paddhati se samAja meM zAnti sthApita nahIM ho paayegii|

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yAdhunika paristhitiyA~ evaM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA saMdeza isa dRSTi se hame yaha vicAra karanA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne DhAI hajAra varSaM pUrva anekAntavAdI cintana para AdhArita aparigrahavAda evaM ahiMsAvAda se saMyukta jisa jyoti ko jagAyA thA, usakA Aloka hamAre Aja andhakAra ko dUra kara sakatA hai yA nahIM ? Adhunika vaijJAnika evaM vauddhika yuga meM vahI dharma evaM darzana sarva vyApaka ho sakatA hai jo mAnava mAtra ko svatantratA evaM samatA kI AdhArabhUmi pradAna kara sakegA / isa dRSTi se maiM yaha kahanA cAhU~gA ki bhArata meM vicAra evaM darzana ke dharAtala para jitanI vyApakatA, sarvAGgINatA evaM mAnavIyatA kI bhAvanA rahI hai; samAja ke dharAtala para vaha nahI rahI hai / dArzanika dRSTi se yahAM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki jagata meM jo kucha sthAvara jaMgama saMsAra hai vaha saba eka hI Izvara se vyApta hai. - OM IzAvAsyamidaM sarvaM yatkiJca jagatyAM jagat-- IzAvAsyopaniSad prANI mAtra ko mitra ke rUpa meM dekhane kA udghoSa yahA~ huA-- mitrasya mA cakSupA sarvANi bhUtAni samIkSantAm / mitrasyAhaM cakSupA sarvANi bhUtAni samIkSe | mitrasya cakSupA samIkSAmahe / 261 yajurveda paMDita evaM vidvAna ko kasauTI yaha mAnI gayI ki use sasAra ke sabhI prANiyAM ko apane samAna mAnanA cAhiye "grAtmavat sarvabhUteSu yaH pazyati sa paNDitaH samAja-darzana kA vikAsa kyoM nahIM ? yahAM yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki "zrAtmavat sarvabhUtepu" siddhAnta ko mAnane para bhI yahAM sAmAjika samatA evaM zAnti kA vikAsa kyoMna ho sakA ? mAnava meM paraspara eka dUsare ko choTA bar3A mAnane kI pravRtti kA vikAsa kyoM huA ? zrata-darzana ke samAnAntara samAja-darzana kA vikAsa kyoM nahIM ho sakA ? upanipakAra ne yaha mAnA thA ki java brahma kI icchA hotI hai taba sRSTi kA racanA hotI hai icchA mAtra prabhoH sRSTirati sRSTo vinizcatA : -- mAMDUkyopaniSad, Agama prakaraNa 8 brahma ko mUlabhautika prapaMcoM kA kAraNa mAnane ke kAraNa mAnava kI sattA usake sAmane atyanta laghu ho jAtI hai tathApi sRSTi kI sattA satya pratipAdita ho jAne evaM usakI utpatti kA eka hI kAraNa mAnane para kama se kama "mAnava" kI dRSTi meM "sarvAtmadarzana" kI

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264 sAMskRtika saMdarbha ko vyavasthA paricAlita hotI hai; bhakti siddhAnta meM bhI sAdhaka apanI sAdhanA ke bala para mukti kA adhikAra prApta nahIM kara pAtA, usake lie bhagavatkRpA honA jarUrI hai| __ inhI zAsana vyavasthA evaM dhArmika vyavasthA ke kAraNa sAmAjika samatA kI bhAvanA nimUla ho gayI aura usakA pariNAma yaha huA ki sAmAjika dharAtala para bhI UMca-nIca kI ikAiyoM kA vikAsa huaa| jaina-darzana : prajAtaMtrAtmaka mUlyoM kA vAhaka : aAja prajAtaMtrAtmaka zAsana vyavasthA meM pratyeka vyakti ko rAjanaitika dRSTi se samAna savaidhAnika adhikAra prApta haiM / jaina-darzana zArIrika evaM mAnasika viSamatAoM kA kAraNa karmoM ke bheda ko mAnatA hai| jIva zarIra se bhinna evaM caitanya kA kAraNa hai| java sarva karmo kA bhaya hotA hai to pratyeka jIva ananta jJAna, ananta vIyaM, ananta zraddhA tathA ananta zakti se svataH sampanna ho jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se jaina-darzana samAja ke pratyeka mAnava ke lie samAna adhikAra juTAtA hai / sAmAjika samatA evaM ekatA kI dRSTi se zramaNa paramparA kA apratima mahatva hai| isa paramparA meM mAnava ko mAnava ke rUpa meM dekhA gayA hai; varNo, vAdoM, sampradAyoM Adi kA levila cipakAkara mAnava-mAnava ko bAMTane vAle darzana ke rUpa meM nhiiN| mAnava mahimA kA jitanA joradAra samarthana jana-darzana meM huyA hai vaha anupama hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jAtigata zreSThatA ko kabhI pAvAra nahIM bnaayaa| na vi muMDieNa samaNo, na oMkAreNa baMbhayo na muNI raNNa vAseraNaM, kusacIreNa na tAvaso / . . -utta0 25 : 31, samayAe samaNo hoi, vaMbhacereNa vaMbhaNo nANeNa ya muNI hoi, taveNa hoi tAvaso -utta0 25 : 32 kammuNA vaMbharaNo hoi, kammuNA hoi khattitro * kammuNA vaiso hoi, suddho havai kammuNA dUsaroM kI nindA, apanI prazaMsA, apane asad guNoM aura dUsaroM ke sadguNoM ko DhA~kanA tathA svayaM ke astitvahIna sadguNoM tathA dUsaroM ke asadguNoM ko prakaTa karanA nIca gotra kI sthiti ke kAraNa banate haiM'parAtmanindAprazaMse sadsadguNAcchAdanaudbhAvane ca nIcaMgotrasya' -tatvArthasUtra

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Adhunika paristhitiyA~ evaM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA saMdeza grAcAryaM samantabhadra ne apane vicAroM ko vyakta karate hue kahA ki samyak darzana sampanna cAMDAla mAnava se hI nahIM pratyuta deva se bhI bar3hakara hai - samyagdarzana sampanna, mapi mAtaMga dehajam / devAdevaM vidurbhasma, gUDhAM gArAntarojasam // - ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 28 / unhoMne AtmA kI svataMtratA kI prajAtaMtrAtmaka udghoSaNA kii| unhoMne kahA ki samasta AtmAyeM svataMtra haiM, pratyeka dravya svataMtra hai| usake guNa aura paryAya bhI svataMtra haiM / vivakSita kisI eka dravya tathA usake guNoM evaM paryAyoM kA anya dravya yA usake guNoM aura paryAyoM ke sAtha kisI prakAra kA koI sambandha nahIM hai / isa dRSTi se sava AtmAyeM svataMtra haiM, bhinna-bhinna haiM, para ve eka sI avazya haiM / isa kAraNa unhoMne kahA ki saba AtmAyeM samAna haiM, para eka nahIM / svataMtratA evaM samAnatA donoM kI isa prakAra kI parasparAvalambita vyAkhyA anya kisI darzana me durlabha hai / 265 unhoMne yaha bhI kahA hai ki yaha jIva apane hI kAraNa se saMsArI banA hai aura apane hI kAraNa se mukta hogA / 'nayacakra' meM isI kAraNa kahA gayA hai ki vyavahAra se baMdha aura mokSa kA hetu granya padArtha ko jAnanA cAhie kintu nizcaya se yaha jIva svayaM baMdha kA hetu hai aura yahI jIva svayaM mokSa kA hetu hai vaMdhe ca mokkha heU arANo, vavahArado ya gAyavvo / ricchado. puraNa jIvo bhaMgiyo khalu savvada rasIhi / / -nayacakra 235 / isa prakAra jaina darzana meM yaha mArga batalAyA gayA hai jisase vyakti apane vala para uccatama vikAsa kara sakatA hai, pratyeka zrAtmA apane bala para paramAtmA bana sakatI hai / vandhappa mokkho tujjhajjhatva Rela upanipadoM meM jisa 'tatvamasi' siddhAnta kA ullekha huA hai usI kA jaina darzana meM navIna pradiSkAra evaM vikAsa hai evaM prANI mAtra kI pUrNa svataMtratA, samatA evaM svAvalamvita sthiti kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai / 'saMsAra meM ananta prANI haiM aura unameM se pratyeka meM jIvAtmA vidyamAna hai / karmabandha ke phalasvarUpa ye jIvAtmAyeM jIvana kI nAnA dazAoM, nAnA yoniyoM, nAnA prakAra ke zarIroM evaM avasthAoM meM parilakSita hotI haiM kintu sabhI meM jJAnAtmaka vikAsa ke dvArA uccatama vikAsa kI samAna zaktiyAM nihita haiM / 3. 'AcArAMga' meM bar3e spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA gayA hai ki baMdhana se mukta honA tumhAre hI hAtha - . jaba saba prANI apanI mukti cAhate haiM pahu~ca sakate haiM tathA koI kisI ke mArga meM vAdhaka -- AcArAMga 5 / 2 / 150 5244 --- tathA svayaM ke prayatnoM se hI usa mArga taka nahI taba phira kisI se saMgharSa kA prazna ho

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262 sAMskRtika saMdarbha bhAvanA vidyamAna rahatI hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki paramAtmA se yaha jagata paidA hotA hai, usameM hI ThaharatA hai tathA usI meM laya ho jAtA hai| 'janmAdyasya yataH' isa pratipattikA meM bhale hI jIva ko sattA jaina darzana ke samAna zAzvata, cirantana svayaMbhUta, akhaNDa, abhedya, vina, kartA evaM avinAzI na mAnI jAye phira bhI vaha 'azI' jIva sRSTi ke anya samasta mAnavoM meM samAna rUpa se eka hI sattA ke darzana to karatA hai aura isI kAraNa hama yaha dekhate haiM ki bhAratIya itihAsa meM smRti-yuga ke pUrva namAja meM varga vyavasthA to thI kintu una vibhinna vargo kA AdhAra unakA karma thA, janma nhiiN| 'zrImadbhAgavata' taka ina vibhinna vargoM ke prati sAmAjika dRSTi se mamAnatA kI bhAvanA hI nihita milatI hai samo'haM sarvabhUteSu na me dveSyo'sti na priyaH brAhmaNa jAti ke AdhAra nara nahIM pratyuta brahma ko jAnane ke AdhAra para brAhmaNa mAnA jAtA thA ___ 'brahmajAnAti brAhmaNaH' jo brAhmaNa hokara bhI taduparAnta brAhmaNa kA sA AcaraNa tyAga dete the ve usI jIvana meM zUdra ho jAte the yo'nadhItya dvijo vedamanyatra kurute zramam sA jIvanneva zUdratvabhAzugacchati saanvyH|| karmo ke vyatyaya vA viparyaya se hI varNa badalate thezUdro brAhmaNatAmeti, brAhmaNazcaiti zUdratAm / kSatriyo jAta evaM tu vidyAd vaizyaM tathaiva ca // -manusmRti . zUdro'pi zIla sampanno guNavAn brAhmaNo bhavet / brAhmaNo'pi kriyAhInaH zUdrAdapyavaro.. bhavet / / -mahAbhArata java zAMkara vedAnta meM kevala brahma ko satya mAnA gayA tathA jagat ko svapna evaM mAyAracita gandharva nagara ke samAna pUrNatayA mithyA evaM asatya ghopita kiyA gayA, rajju meM sarpa athavA zukti meM rajata kI bhAMti brahma se satya bhAsatA huA mAna liyA gayA to isa vicAra darzana ke kAraNa AdhyAtmika-darzana evaM sAmAjika-darzana kA sambandha TUTa gayA kyoMki AdhyAtmika sAdhakoM ke lie jagat ko sattA ho asatya evaM mithyA ho gyii| isake pariNAmasvarUpa darzana ke dharAtala para to "advaitavAda" kI sthApanA hotI rahI

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Adhunika paristhitiyA~ eva bhagavAn mahAvIra kA saMdeza 263 kintu samAja ke dharAtala para samAja ke hiteSiyoM ne use sAgraha varNo, jAtiyoM, upa-jAtiyoM meM bAMTa diyaa| eka parabrahma dvArA banAye jAne para bhI 'janmanA' hI AdamI aura AdamI ke bIca meM taraha taraha kI dIvAreM khar3I kara dI gayI / jAti-pAMti, UMca-nIca kI bheda-bhAvanA meM madhyayugIna rAjatantrAtmaka zAsana vyavasthA evaM madhyayugIna dhArmika ADambaroM kA bahuta yoga rahA hai| isa yuga meM rAjaprasAdoM evaM deva mandiroM donoM ke vaibhava kA varNana eka dUsare se adhika milatA hai / kisI bhI rAjadhAnI meM nagara ke vaibhavapUrNa, kalAtmaka evaM saundarya kA pratimAna prAsAda yA to rAjA kA hotA thA yA devatA kA / rAjAgaNa sAMsArika sukhoM kI prApti ke lie 'zarIra' ko amara banA rahe the, musalamAna senAyeM durgoM ke dvAroM ko tor3a rahI thI kintu rAjA paramadi nagna striyoM kA nAca dekha rahA thA, lakSmaNasena mAtaMgI se khela rahA thA, harirAja nartakiyoM evaM vaizyAoM meM nimagna thaa| deva mandira bhI suratikriyArata strI-puruSoM ke citroM se sajjita ho rahe the / koNArka, purI evaM khajurAhoM ke mandira isake pramANa haiM / rAjaprAsAdoM meM daravAradArI hote the to mandiroM meM devdaasiyaaN| bhakti kA tejI se vikAsa : islAma ke Agamana ke pazcAt bhakti kA tejI se vikAsa huaa| isa bhakti meM bhI sAmantIkaraNa kI pravRttiyAM dekhI jA sakatI haiN| rAjAgaraNa kI vRttiyoM kI praticchAyA madhurA bhAva evaM parakIyA premavAda meM dekhI jA sakatI haiN| isake atirikta rAjataMtrAtmaka zAsana vyavasthA meM rAjA hI sarvocca sarva-zaktimAna hai / usake daravAra meM 'daravAradAriyoM' kI vinamratA carama sImA para hotI hai| usakI kRpA para hI rAjAzraya nirbhara karatA hai| .. bhakti kA mUla hI hai-pArAdhya kI sevA, zaraNAgati evaM pArAdhana / "bhakti' meM bhakta bhagavAn kA anugraha prApta karanA cAhatA hai; vinA usake anugraha ke kalyANa nahIM ho sakatA / gosvAmI tulasIdAsajI ne isI kAraNa likhA ki vahI jAna sakatA hai jise ve apanI kRpA dvArA jJAna dete haiM--- "so jAnai jehi dehu janAI" rAmacaritamAnasa, ayodhyA 127/3 puSTimArga to AdhArita hI 'puSTi' arthAt 'bhagavAn ke anugraha' para hai / 'jAko kRpA paMgu giri laMghe, aMdhe kU saba kucha darasAI' -sUradAsa isa prakAra rAjataMtrAtmaka zAsana vyavasthA evaM madhyayugIna bhakti kA svarUpa samAna AyAmoM ko lekara calA / rAjataMtrAtmaka zAsana vyavasthA meM samAja meM pratyeka manuSya ko samAna adhikAra prApta nahIM hote; vahAM samAja meM rAjA ke anugraha evaM icchAnusAra samAja

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266 sAMskRtika saMdarbha kahAM uThatA hai ? 'sUtrakRtAMga' meM isa sambandha meM ninti rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki prAtmA apane svayaM ke upAjita karmoM se hI baMdhatA hai tathA kRtako ko bhoge binA mukti nahIM hai| prANI mAtra kI pUrNa svataMtratA, samatA evaM svAvalambita sthiti kI vivecanA kI jA cukI hai| ahiMsAvAda para AvArita kSamA, maitrI, svasaMyama evaM para-prANiyoM ko prAtmatulya / dekhane ke vicAra se paraspara sauhArda evaM bandhutva kI bhAvanA jaina darzana meM vyAkhyAyita hai / svalpa kI dRSTi se sabhI prAtmAnoM ko eka sI mAnA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM yaha bhI nirUpita kiyA gayA hai ki jo jJAnI prAtmA isa loka meM choTe bar3e sabhI prANiyoM ko prAtma tulya dekhate haiM paTadravyAtmaka isa mahAn loka kA sUkSmatA se nirIkSaNa karate haiM tathA apramattabhAva se saMyama meM rata rahate haiM ve hI mokSa prApti ke adhikArI haiN| jaina darzana anekAntavAdI dRSTi para AdhArita hone ke kAraNa kisI vizeSa Agraha se apane ko yukta nahIM krtaa| satyAnusaMdhAna evaM sahiSNutA kI pahalI zarta anekAntavAdI dRSTi hai| pakSapAta rahita vyakti kI buddhi viveka kA anugamana karatI hai| AgrahIpurupa to apanI pratyeka yukti ko vahAM le jAtA hai jahAM usakI buddhi sanniviSTa rahatI hai prAgrahI vat ninopati yukti tatra yatra patirasya niviSThA pakSapAta rahitasya tu yuktiryatra tatra patireti nivegam -haribhadra prajAtaMtrAtmaka zAsana vyavasthA kI prAcAra-mitti kisI viSaya para vividha dRSTi se vicAra karake satya para pahu~cane ke siddhAnta meM nihita hai| anekAntavAda bhI isa bhUmi para nirmita hai ki eka hI sImita dRSTi se dekhane para vastu kA pUrNa jJAna nahIM hotA, pratyeka padArtha meM ananta guNa dharma hote haiN| sAmAnya dRSTi se sabhI kA jJAna ekadama sambhava nahIM hai| Aja ke yuga meM vaijJAnika bhautikavAdI darzana evaM AdhyAtmika darzana ke sammilana kI atyadhika yAvazyakatA hai| isa dRSTi se darzana ke advaita evaM vijJAna ke sApekSavAda kI sammilana bhUmi jaina darzana kA anekAnta ho sakatI hai / mahAvIra aura AinsTIna : Aja ke mahAn vaijJAnika AiMsTIna ke sApekSyavAda evaM jaina darzana kA anekAntavAdI vArika dharAtala kAphI nikaTa hai| AinsTIna mAnatA hai ki vividha sApekSya sthitiyoM meM eka hI vastu meM vividha virodhI guNa pAye jAte haiM / satya do prakAra ke hote haiM - (1) sApekSya satya (Relative Truth) (2) nitya satya (Absolute Truth) yAinsTIna ke matAnusAra hama kevala sApekSya satya ko jAnate haiM, nitya satya kA jJAna to marva vizva dRSTA ko hI ho sakatA hai|

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' Adhunika paristhitiyA~ eva bhagavAna mahAvIra kA saMdeza 267 jaina darzana bhI isa dRSTi se ekatva yA nAnAtva donoM ko satya mAnatA hai| astitva kI dRSTi se sava dravya eka haiM ataH ekatva bhI satya hai upayogitA kI dRSTi se dravya aneka haiM ataH nAnAtva bhI satya hai| ekatva kI vyAkhyA saMgrahanaya athavA nizcayanaya ke AdhAra para tathA nAnAtva kI vyAkhyA vyavahAranaya ke AdhAra para kI gayI hai / vastu ke guNa dharma cAhe naya viSayaka hoM cAhe pramANa viSayaka, kintu ve paraspara sApekSya hote haiN| isa prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jisa jIvana darzana ko pratipAdita kiyA hai vaha aAja ke mAnava kI manovaijJAnika evaM sAmAjika donoM prakAra kI samasyAoM kA ahiMsAtmaka paddhati se samAdhAna prastuta karatA hai / yaha darzana Aja ke prajAtaMtrAtmaka zAsana vyavasthA evaM vaijJAnika sApekSavAdI cintana ke bhI anurUpa hai| isa sambandha meM sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana kA yaha vAkya ki "jaina darzana sarvasAdhAraNa ko purohita ke samAna dhArmika adhikAra pradAna karatA hai" atyanta saMgata evaM sArthaka hai| "ahiMsA paramo dharmaH" ko cintana-kendra mAnane para hI saMsAra se yuddha evaM hiMsA kA vAtAvaraNa samApta ho sakatA hai| Adamo ke bhItara kI azAnti, udvega evaM mAnasika tanAvoM ko yadi dUra karanA hai tathA antataH mAnava ke astitva ko banAe rakhanA hai to bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI ko yugIna samasyAoM evaM paristhitiyoM ke saMdarbha meM vyAkhyAyita karanA hogaa| yaha aisI vANI hai jo mAnava mAtra ke lie samAna mAnavIya mUlyoM kI sthApanA karatI hai, sApekSavAdI sAmAjika saMracanAtmaka vyavasthA kA cintana prastuta karatI hai; pUrvAgraha rahita unmukta dRSTi se dUsaroM ko samajhane evaM apane ko samajhAne ke liye anekAMtavAdI jIvana dRSTi pradAna karatI hai, samAja ke pratyeka sadasya ko samAna adhikAra evaM sva prayatla se vikAsa karane ke samAna sAdhana juTAtI hai| mahAvIra ke darzana kriyAnvayana se paraspara sahayoga, sApekSatA, samatA evaM svataMtratA ke AdhAra para samAja saMracanA sambhava ho sakegI; samAja ko jina aneka vargoM, vAdoM, varNoM, jAtiyoM evaM upajAtiyoM meM sAgraha vAMTa diyA gayA thA, ve bhedaka baMdhana TUTa skege|

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3 Adhunika yuga aura bhagavAn mahAvIra * paM0 dalasukha mAlavariyA vijJAna aura dharma : vijJAna ne apane prArambha meM to dhArmika mAnyatAoM kA virodha kiyA thA aura samajhA jAne lagA thA ki vinAna aura dharma kA kabhI mela nahIM ho sakatA / eka aMza meM yaha vAta satya bhI thI kyoMki pazcima meM hI isa vijJAna kA udaya hayA aura vahAM dharma kA tAtparya thA kevala khistI dharma aura usakI mAnyatAoM se / kintu jaba pazcima ke vidvAnoM ko bhAratIya vividha dharmoM aura unakI paraspara virodhI mAnyatAoM kA paricaya hone lagA to pahale yaha sthiti thI ki jo dhArmika mAnyatAeM khistI dharma se anukUla thI unheM to ve dharma ke kSetra meM sammilita karane ko rAjI ho gaye kintu jaina aura vauddha jinakI Izvara viSayaka mAnyatAe khristI aura kucha vaidika dhArmika sampradAyoM se bhI viruddha thIM, unheM dharma kaise kahA jAya-yaha unakI samajha meM nahIM AyA / kintu jaise dharma kI vividhatA aura unameM dhyeya kI ekatA jaba unhoMne dekhI to ve jaina aura bauddha dharma bhI dharma ho sakate hai aura dharma haiM-aisA mAnane lge| ava kisI ko sandeha nahIM rahA hai ki jaganiyaMtA aura jagatkartA Izvara ko na mAna kara bhI dhArmika vanA jA sakatA hai| aura isalie vijJAna aura dharma meM dikhAI dene vAle virodha kI khAI kama ho gaI hai| bAharI bhaTakAva banAma Antarajagata kI khoja : vijJAna ne aba taka vizepa dhyAna vAhya jagat ke nirIkSaNa-parIkSaNa meM diyA hai kintu ava jaba vaha bAhya jagat kI mUla zakti kI zodha taka pahu~ca gayA hai tava usakA vizeSa dhyAna prAntara jagat kI ora gayA hai| vijJAna ne sukha-suvidhA ke aneka sAdhana juTA diye, itanA hI nahIM, kintu vikAsa ke bhI carama sImA ke sAdhana juTA diye haiN| . paristhiti yaha huI hai ki kisI eka aMgulI ke galata calane para aguvama kA visphoTa hokara manupya jagat kA kSaNa bhara meM vinAza ho sakatA hai| vaijJAnikoM ne isa mAnava bhakSI to kyA samatra jIva bhakSI rAkSasa ko paidA to kara liyA aba use kaise kAbU meM rakhA jAya, yahI samasyA paidA ho gaI hai| candra aura usase bhI pare manuSya pahu~ca gayA kintu aba use mAlUma huA hai ki vaha vAhara hI bhaTaka rahA hai| usane apane bhItarI tatva kA to nirIkSaNaparIkSaNa kiyA hI nhiiN| aura jaba taka vaha isa aAMtara-jagat kI khoja nahIM karatAmAnava yA jIva jagat kI jo samasyA hai usakA hala use mila nahIM sakatA hai / ataeva

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Adhunika yuga aura bhagavAn mahAvIra 26e vaha zravazrAMtarajagat kI khoja meM lagA hai| dimAga aura mana kI zodha bhI vaha kaI varSo se kara rahA hai kintu jo rahasya khula rahe haiM unase vaha saMtuSTa nahIM hai / ina dimAga aura mana donoM se bhI pare koI tatva hai use hI khojanA sava vaijJAnikoM ne ThAna liyA hai / vaijJAnika apanI isa khoja meM bhI saphala hoMge hI aura kisI na kisI dina ve AMtarajagat ke rahasya ko bhI sulajhA deMge, aisA hameM vizvAsa karanA caahie| jaba taka ve usameM saphala nahIM hote taba taka hameM rAha dekhakara baiThe nahIM rahanA hai - mAnava samAja kI jo samasyAeM haiM unheM dharma kisa prakAra sulajhA sakatA hai, isa para vicAra karanA hI caahie| yahAM to Adhunika yuga kI samasyA ke hala ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra kA kyA sandeza hai yaha dekhanA hai / mahAvIra kI dena : zrAtmanirbharatA kI sAdhanA : dhArmika jagat ko sabase bar3I koI dena bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dI hai to vaha hai AtmanirbharatA / grAja kA vaijJAnika Izvara se chuTTI le rahA hai / "God is dead" kA nArA bulanda ho rahA hai kintu grAja se DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva bhagavAn mahAvIra kA upadeza hI nahIM kintu grAcaraNa bhI isI nAre ke grAdhAra para thA / unhoMne jaba sAdhanA zurU kI tava hI apanI sAdhanA ke lie akele niHsahAya hokara sAdhanA karane kI pratijJA kI / indra ne unakI sAdhanAkAla meM madada karanA cAhA kintu unhoMne inkAra kara diyA aura kahA ki apanI zakti para aTala vizvAsa ke vala para hI sAdhanA kI jA sakatI hai / sAdhanA bhI kyA thI ? koI Izvara yA vaisI bauddha zakti kI bhakti aura prArthanA nahIM kintu apanI AtmA kA nirIkSaNa hI thA / apanI AtmA meM rahe hue rAga aura dveSa ko dUra kara grAtmA ko vizuddha karane kI tamannA thI / isI tamannA ke kAraNa ye nAnA pradezoM meM apane sAdhanAkAla meM ghUmate rahe, jisase yaha koI zAyada hI jAna sake ki vaha to vaizAlI kA rAjakumAra hai - ise sukha-suvidhA dI jAnI cAhie / dUra- sudUra anArya deza meM bhI ghUme jahAM unheM nAnA prakAra ke kaSTa die ge| apanI AtmA meM sAmyabhAva kitanA hai isake parIkSaNa ke lie ve jAnabUjhakara granArya deza meM gaye the aura vizuddha suvarNa kI taraha gragni se tapa kara ve grAtmA ko vizuddha kara punaH apane deza meM lautte| yahI unakI AtmanirbharatA kI sAdhanA thI / jo unake upadezoM meM bhI hai / unakA upadeza jo 'AcArAMga' meM saMgRhIta hai, usakA prathama vAkya hai jIva yaha nahIM jAnatA ki vaha kahAM se gAyA hai aura kahAM jAne vAlA hai ? jo yaha jAna letA hai ki yaha jIva nAnA yoniyoM meM bhaTaka rahA hai vahI grAtmavAdI - ho sakatA hai, karmavAdI ho sakatA hai, kriyAvAdI ho sakatA hai, lokavAdI ho sakatA hai / punarjanma kI niSThA kaho yA zrAtmA kI zAzvata sthiti kI niSThA, isa vAkya meM spaSTa hotI hI hai / sAtha hI karma aura loka ke viSaya meM unakI niSThA bhI spaSTa hotI hai / sAre saMsAra meM jo kucha ho rahA vaha jIva ke karma aura kriyA ke kAraNa hI ho rahA hai / koI Izvara saMsAra kA nirmANa nahIM karatA / jIva apane karma se hI apane saMsAra kA nirmANa karatA hai - yaha tathya jIva ko grAtmanibhara banAtA hai / karma karanA jaise jIva ke adhIna hai vaise karma se mukta honA bhI jIva ke adhIna hai kisI kI kRpA ke adhIna jIva kI mukti nahIM /

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270 sAMskRtika saMdarbha sarvasAmya kA mUla : tyAga aura saMyama : Aja ke vyAvahArika jagat meM bhI yAtmanirbharatA kA yaha siddhAnta atyanta upayogI hai / aravoM ne tela kI naI nIti apanAI to sArA vizva kAMpa uThA hai aura parezAna hai / aura Atmanirbhara kaise banA jAya isake lie nAnA upAya soce jA rahe haiN| isase eka bAta to spaSTa ho hI jAtI hai ki Atmanirbhara bananA ho to saMyama anivArya hai| apane upayoga meM Ane vAlI vastuoM kA anivArya hone para hI upayoga karanA yaha saMyama nahIM to aura kyA hai ? isI meM se jIvana meM saMyama kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa hokara vyakti saMyama kI ora agrasara hotA hai, rASTra aura samAja bhI saMyama kI prora anivArya rUpa ne agrasara hotA hai| isI saMyama ko yadi jIvana kA vyeya mAna liyA jAya taba vaha Age jAkara jIvana kI sAdhanA kA rUpa le letA hai aura tyAga pradhAna jIvana kI ora anivArya rUpa se prayAraNa hotA hai / yahI sAdhutA hai, yahI zramaNa hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke isa mAlika sandeza kI Aja jitanI AvazyakatA hai, kabhI utanI nahIM thii| vizva meM jo lar3AiyAM hotI haiM usakA mUla kAraNa manuSya meM rahI huI parigraha vRtti hI hai / yadi isa parigraha vRtti ko dUra kiyA jAya to lar3AI kA kAraNa nahIM rahe / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI sAdhanA kA prArambha hI parigraha mukti se kiyA hai aura sAdhanA kI pUrNAhuti ke vAda jo upadeza diyA usameM bhI sabase bar3e bandhana rUpa meM parigraha ke pApa ko hI batAyA hai / manuSya hiMsA karatA hai yA corI yA jhUTha bolatA hai to usakA kAraNa parigraha vRtti hI hai / yadi parigraha kI bhAvanA nahIM to vaha kyoM hiMsA karegA, kyoM jhUTha yA anya anAcAra kA sevana karegA ? jIvana meM jitanA saMyama utanI hI parigraha vRtti kI kamI / parigraha se sarvathA mukti kA nAma hai rAga aura Tepa se mukti arthAt vItarAgatA / jo vItarAga vanA usake lie merA-terA rahatA nahIM aura jahAM yaha bhAva naSTa huA vahAM sarvasAmya kI bhAvanA pAtI hai| sarvasAmya kI bhAvanA ke mUla meM parigraha kA tyAga anivArya hai / aura isI ke lie bhagavAn ne apane jIvana meM sAdhanA kI aura vItarAga hokara anya jIvoM ko mukta karAne ke lie prayatna kiyaa| unake jIvana meM sAdhanA kA prArambha sAmAyika vrata se hotA hai aura pUrNAhuti vItarAga bhAva yA sarvasAmya bhAva se hotI hai| ___ yaha sAmAyika kyA hai ? 'AcArAMga' meM kahA hai-saba jIva jInA cAhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM cAhatA, sabhI ko sukha priya hai, duHkha koI nahIM cAhatA ataeva kisI kI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie / yahI huA sAmAyika vrata yA jIvoM ke prati samabhAva dhAraNa karane kA vrata / yaha vrata tava hI siddha ho sakatA hai jaba vyakti yA samAja yA rASTra niHsvArtha hokara jInA sIkhe, sava sukha duHkha meM samabhAgI bananA sIkheM / yaha tava hI ho sakatA hai java vizva meM vAtsalya bhAva kI jAgRti ho / vizva eka hai ataeva koI deza atyanta sukhI hai aura anya atyanta garova-yaha vyavasthA Tika nahIM sakatI hai| yaha bhAva raha-raha kara vizva meM phaila rahA hai, ava mana cAhe taba koI kisI para aAkramaNa nahIM kara sakatA, karake bhI usakA phala to le hI nahIM sktaa| yaha sava vyavasthA prAja kramazaH vizva saMsthA ke

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Adhunika yuga aura bhagavAn mahAvIra 271 dvArA ho rahI hai| duniyA ne svArthI lar3AiyAM bahuta dekhI haiM unake nivAraNa ke lie eTama bama banAye kintu Aja usI eTama bama se duniyA trasta hai / sukha kA upAya eTama bama nahIM kintu bAMTa kara khAnA--yahI hai / yahI samabhAva kI vijaya hai| duniyA mAne yA na mAne isI samabhAva ke rAste para calane ke sivA koI cArA nhiiN| ahiMsA kI pUrNatA vizva-vAtsalya meM : ahiMsA kA sandeza bhagavAna mahAvIra ne diyA usakA tAtparya vizva-vAtsalya se hai| yadi vizva-vAtsalya meM ahiMsA bhAva pariNata nahIM hotA hai to vaha ahiMsA kI pUrNatA nahIM hai| manuSya zatruoM ko apane vAhara khojatA hai / vastutaH zatru kI khoja apane bhItara honI cAhie / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki 'are jIva bAhara zatru kyoM khojatA hai vaha to tere bhItara hI hai / ' rAga aura dvIpa ye hI bar3e zatru haiM-yadi inakA nirAkaraNa kiyA to kala koI bhI zatru dIkhegA nhiiN| isa vItarAga bhAva kI bhI siddhi taba hI ho sakatI hai java manupya antarmukhI ho / vijJAna ne bAhara bahuta kucha dekha liyA kintu manuSya yA rAga-dvepa kI samasyA kA vaha hala nahIM kara sakA / parigraha kA sA bhAva vaha juTA sakatA hai kintu ucita baMTavArA to manupya ke svabhAva para AdhArita hai aura yadi vahI nahIM badalA to parigraha kA Dhera laga jAya taba bhI vaha sukhI nahIM ho sakatA / sukhI to vaha tava hI hogA jaba vaha vastutaH apane bhItarI rAga-dvepa kA nirAkaraNa karake vizva vatsala banegA / duniyA meM vijJAna ne bahuta kucha pragati kara lii| kintu bhItara nahIM dekhA / pariNAma spaSTa hai-aneka vizva yuddha hue ina sabake nivAraNa kA upAya antara-jagat kI zodha hai aura usakA rAstA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne batAyA hai| manupya-svabhAva kI svatantratA hai to vicAra-bheda anivArya hai| vicAra-bheda ko lekara matabheda kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu mana bheda to nahIM honA cAhie / matabheda hote hue bhI bhAvAtmaka ekatA kA nArA aAja bulanda kiyA jAtA hai kyoMki duniyA meM kaI rAjanItika praNAliyAM calatI haiM / ataeva saba praNAliyAM apane-apane kSetra meM caleM, eka dUsare kA virodha na kareM isa prakAra kI bhAvAtmaka ekatA kA svIkAra, nAnA praNAlI kI sahasthiti zakya hai aura anivArya hai aisI bhAvanA rAjanaitikoM meM bar3ha rahI hai| kintu Aja se DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva bhagavAna mahAvIra ne virodhI matoM ke samanvaya kA mArga vaicArika ahiMsA arthAt anekAntavAda upasthita kiyA thA, vaha Aja hameM bhAvAtmaka ekatA kaho yA sahasthiti kaho-usa rUpa meM upayogI siddha ho rahA hai| ataeva isa samanvaya ke siddhAnta ko jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM yadi mAnava samAja lAgU karatA hai to usakA kalyANa hI nahIM vizva maitrI bhI siddha kI jA sakatI hai /

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44 . vartamAna meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tattva-cintana kI sArthakatA * DaoN0 narendra mAnAvata mahAvIra kA virAT vyaktitva : varddha mAna bhagavAn mahAvIra virAT vyaktitva ke dhanI the / ve krAMti ke rUpa meM utpanna hue the| unameM zakti-zIla-saundarya kA adbhuta prakAza thaa| unakI dRSTi bar3hI paMnI thii| yadyapi ve rAjakumAra the, samasta rAjasI aizvarya unake caraNoM meM lauTate the tathApi pIr3ita mAnavatA aura dalita-zopita jana-jIvana se unheM mahAnubhUti thii| samAja meM vyApta arthajanita viSamatA aura mana meM udbhUta kAma-janya bAsanAnoM ke durdamanIya nAga ko ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa ke gAr3I saMsparNa se kIla kara ve samatA, sadbhAva aura sneha kI vArA ajastra rUpa meM pravAhita karanA cAhate the| isa mahAn uttaradAyitva ko, jIvana ke isa lokasaMgrahI lakSya ko unhoMne pUrNa niSThA aura sajagatA ke sAtha sampAdita kiyaa| vaijJAnika aura sArvakAlika cintana : mahAvIra kA jIvana-darzana aura unakA tattva-cintana itanA adhika vaijJAnika aura sArvakAlika lagatA hai ki vaha Aja kI hamArI jaTila samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke lie bhI paryApta hai / Aja kI pramukha samasyA hai sAmAjika-Arthika vipamatA ko dUra karane kii| isake lie mArksa ne varga-saMgharpa ko hala ke rUpa meM rakhA / gopaka aura zopita ke anavarata pArasparika saMgharpa ko anivArya mAnA aura jIvana kI antas bhAva cetanA ko nakAra kara kevala bhautika jar3atA ko hI sRSTi kA AdhAra maanaa| isakA jo duppariNAma hayA vaha hamAre sAmane hai / hameM gati to mila gayI, para dizA nahIM, zakti to mila gayI, para viveka nahIM, sAmAjika vaipamya to satahI rUpa se kama hotA huA najara AyA, para vyakti-vyakti ke vIca anAtmIyatA kA phAsalA bar3hatA gayA / vaijJAnika aviSkAroM ne rASTroM kI dUrI to kama kI para mAnasika dUrI var3hA dii| vyakti ke jIvana meM dhArmikatA-rahita naitikatA aura AcaraNa-rahita vicArazIlatA panapane lagI / vartamAna yuga kA yahI sabase bar3A antarvirodha aura sAMskRtika saMkaTa hai| bha0 mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA ko ThIka taraha se hRdayaMgama karane para samAjavAdI lakSya kI prApti bhI sambhava hai aura bar3hate hue isa sAMskRtika saMkaTa se mukti bhii|

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. vartamAna meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tattva-cintana kI sArthakatA 273 . AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha : sAmAjika aparAdha :: . ... . .. ___ mahAvIra ne apane rAjasI jIvana meM aura usake cAroM ora jo ananta vaibhava raMgInI dekhI, usase yaha anubhava kiyA ki AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha karanA pApa hai, sAmAjika aparAdha hai, AtmA ko chalanA hai / Ananda kA rAstA hai apanI icchAoM ko kama karanA,. AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha na karanA, kyoMki hamAre pAsa jo anAvazyaka saMgraha hai,....usakI upayogitA kahIM aura hai / kahIM aisA prANivarga hai jo usa sAmagrI se vaMcita hai, jo usake abhAva meM saMtapta hai, Akula hai, ataH hameM usa anAvazyaka sAmagrI ko saMgRhIta kara rakhanA ucita nhiiN| yaha apane prati hI nahIM, samAja ke prati chalanA hai, dhokhA hai, aparAdha hai, isa vicAra ko aparigraha-darzana kahA gayA, jisakA mUla mantavya hai-kisI ke prati mamatva-bhAva na rakhanA / vastu ke prati bhI nahIM, vyakti ke prati bhI nahIM, svayaM apane prati bhI nhiiN| . amamishwinindmarini .. mamatva bhAva na ho:.:..:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vastu ke prati mamatA na hone para hama anAvazyaka sAmagrI kA to saMcaya kareMge hI nahIM, Avazyaka sAmagrI ko bhI dUsaroM ke lie visajita kreNge| Aja ke saMkaTa kAla meM jo saMgraha-vRtti (hoDiMga heviTsa) aura tajjanita vyAvasAyika lAbha-vRtti panapI hai, usase mukta hama taba taka nahIM ho sakate jaba taka ki aparigraha-darzana ke isa pahalU ko hama AtmasAt na kara leN| manoranto Haudainamai vyakti ke prati bhI mamatA na ho, isakA dArzanika pahalU itanA hI hai ki vyakti apane svapnoM taka hI na soce, parivAra ke sadasyoM ke hitoM kI hI rakSA na kare, varan usakA dRSTikoNa samasta mAnavatA ke hita kI ora agrasara ho / Aja prazAsana aura anya kSetroM meM jo anaitikatA vyavahRta hai usake mUla meM "apanoM ke prati mamatA" kA bhAva hI vizeSa rUpa se preraka kAraNa hai| isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki vyakti pArivArika dAyitva se mukta ho jAya / isakA dhvanita artha kevala itanA hI hai ki vyakti 'sva' ke dAyare se nikalakara 'para' taka pahuMce / svArtha kI saMkIrNa somA ko lAMgha kareM parArtha ke vistRta kSetra meM Aye / santoM ke jIvana kI yahI sAdhanA hai| mahApurupa isI jIvana-paddhati para Age bar3hate haiN| kyA mahAvIra, kyA buddha sabhI isa vyAmoha se pare haTakara AtmajayI baneM / jo jisa anupAta meM isa anAsakta bhAva ko AtmasAt kara sakatA hai vaha usI anupAta meM loka-saMmmAna kA adhikArI hotA hai / aAja ke tathAkathita netAoM ke vyaktitva kA vizleSaNa isa kasauTI para kiyA jA sakatA hai / netAoM ke sambandha meM Aja jo dRSTi badalI hai aura usa zabda ke artha kA jo apakarSa huA haiM usake pIche yahI loka dRSTiM sakriya hai| . - "apane prati bhI mamatA na ho"yaha aparigraha-darzana kA carama lakSya hai.| zramaNasaMskRti meM isIlie zArIrika kaSTa-sahana ko eka ora adhika mahatva diyA hai to dUsarI yora isa pArthiva deha-visarjana (sallekhanA) kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| vaidika saMskRti meM jo samAdhi-avasthA, yA saMtamata meM jo sahajAvasthA hai, vaha isI koTi kI hai| isa avasthA

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274 sAMskRtika saMdarbha meM vyakti 'sva' se Age bar3hakara itanA adhika sUkSma ho jAtA hai ki vaha kucha bhI nahIM raha jAtA / yoga-sAdhanA kI yahI carama pariNati hai| saMkSepa meM mahAvIra kI isa vicAradhArA kA artha hai ki hama apane jIvana ko itanA saMyamita aura tapomaya vanAyeM ki dUsaroM kA lezamAtra bhI zopaNa na ho, sAtha hI svayaM meM hama itanI zakti, purupArtha aura kSamatA bhI ajita kara leM ki dUsarA hamArA zopaNa na kara ske| jIvana-vrata-sAdhanA : prazna hai aise jIvana ko kaise jIyA jAe ? jIvana meM zIla aura zakti kA yaha saMgama kaise ho? isake lie mahAvIra ne "jIvana-vrata-sAdhanA" kA prArUpa prastuta kiyaa| sAdhanAjIvana ko do vargoM meM bAMTate hue unhoMne vAraha vrata batalAye / prathama varga, jo pUrNatayA ina vratoM kI sAdhanA karatA hai, vaha zramaNa hai, muni hai, saMta hai, aura dUsarA varga, jo aMzataH ina vratoM ko apanAtA hai, vaha zrAvaka hai, gRhastha hai, saMsArI hai / ina bAraha vratoM kI tIna zreNiyAM haiM : pAMca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSA vrata / aNuvratoM meM zrAvaka syUla hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, abrahmacarya aura aparigraha kA tyAga karatA hai / vyakti tathA mamAja ke jIvana-yApana ke lie vaha Avazyaka sUkSma hiMsA kA tyAga nahIM karatA / javaki zramaNa isakA bhI tyAga karatA hai, para use bhI yathAzakti sImita karane kA prayatna karatA hai| ina vratoM meM samAjavAdI samAja-racanA ke sabhI Avazyaka tatva vidyamAna haiN| prathama aNuvrata meM niraparAdha prANI ko mAranA nipiddha hai, kintu aparAdhI ko daNDa dene kI chUTa hai / dUsare aNuvrata meM dhana, sampatti, parivAra Adi ke vipaya meM dUsare ko dhokhA dene ke lie asatya bolanA nipiddha hai| tIsare vrata meM vyavahAra zuddhi para bala diyA gayA hai / vyApAra karate samaya acchI vastu dikhAkara ghaTiyA de denA, dUdha meM pAnI Adi milA denA, jhUThA nApa, tola tathA rAja-vyavasthA ke viruddha AcaraNa karanA nipiddha hai / isa vrata meM corI karanA to varjita hai hI kintu cora ko kisI prakAra kI sahAyatA denA yA curAyI huI vastu ko kharIdanA bhI varjita hai / cauthA vrata svadAra-santoSa hai jo eka ora kAma-bhAvanA para niyamana hai to dUsarI aura pArivArika saMgaThana kA anivArya tattva hai / pAMcaveM agavata meM zrAvaka svecchApUrvaka dhana-sampatti, naukara-cAkara Adi kI maryAdA karatA hai / tIna guNavatoM meM pravRtti ke kSetra ko sImita karane para bala diyA gayA hai / zoSaNa ko hiMsAtmaka pravRttiyoM ke kSetra ko maryAdita evaM uttarottara saMkucita karate jAnA hI ina guNavatoM kA uddezya hai / chaThA vrata isI kA vidhAna karatA hai / sAtaveM vrata meM yogya vastuoM ke upabhoga ko sImita karane kA Adeza hai| AThaveM meM anarthadaNDa arthAt nirarthaka pravRttiyoM ko rokane kA vidhAna hai|

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vartamAna meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tattva-cintana kI sArthakatA 275 cAra zikSAvratoM meM AtmA ke pariSkAra ke lie kucha anuSThAnoM kA vidhAna hai| navAM sAmAjika vrata samatA kI ArAdhanA para, dasavAM saMyama para, gyArahavAM tapasyA para aura bArahavAM supAtradAna para bala detA hai| ina bAraha vratoM kI sAdhanA ke alAvA zrAvaka ke lie pandraha karmAdAna bhI vajita haiM, arthAt use aise vyApAra nahIM karane cAhie jinameM hiMsA kI mAtrA adhika ho, yA jo samAja-virodhI tattvoM kA popaNa karate hoM / udAharaNataH coroM-DAkuoM yA vaizyAoM ko niyukta kara unheM apanI Aya kA sAdhana nahIM banAnA cAhiye / isa vrata-vidhAna ko dekhakara yaha nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki mahAvIra ne eka navIna aura Adarza samAja-racanA kA mArga prastuta kiyA, jisakA prAdhAra to AdhyAtmika jIvana jInA hai para jo mArksa ke samAjavAdI lakSya se bhinna nahIM hai| / .. Izvara kA janataMtrIya svarUpa : . Izvara ke sambandha meM jo jaina-vicAradhArA hai, vaha bhI Aja kI janataMtrAtmaka aura AtmasvAtantrya kI vicAravArA ke anukUla hai| mahAvIra ke samaya kA samAja bahadevopAsanA aura vyartha ke karmakANDa se baMdhA huA thA / usake jIvana aura bhAgya ko niyaMtrita karatI thI koI parokSa alaukika sttaa| mahAvIra ne Izvara ke isa saMcAlaka-rUpa kA tIvratA ke sAtha khaNDana kara isa bAta para jora diyA ki vyakti svayaM apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA hai| usake jIvana ko niyaMtrita karate haiM usake dvArA kiye gaye kaary| ise unhoMne 'karma' kaha kara pukArA / vaha svayaM kRta karmo ke dvArA hI acche yA bure phala bhogatA hai| isa vicAra ne nairAzyapUrNa asahAya jIvana meM AzA, AsthA aura purupArtha kA Aloka vikherA aura vyakti svayaM apane pairoM para khar3A ho kara karmaNya bnaa| Izvara ke sambandha meM jo dUsarI maulika mAnyatA jaina darzana kI hai, vaha bhI kama mahatva kI nahIM / Izvara eka nahIM, aneka haiM / pratyeka sAdhaka apanI AtmA ko jIta kara, carama sAdhanA ke dvArA IzvaratvaM kI avasthA ko prApta kara sakatA hai / mAnava-jIvana kI sarvocca utthAna-rekhA hI Izvaratva kI prApti hai / isa vicAra-dhArA ne samAja meM vyApta pAkhaNDa, andha zraddhA aura karmakANDa ko dUra kara svastha jIvana-sAdhanA yA Atma-sAdhanA kA mArga prazasta kiyA / Aja kI zabdAvalI meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki Izvara ke ekAdhikAra ko samApta kara mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA ne use janataMtrIya paddhati ke anurUpa vikendrita kara sabake lie prApya banA diyA- zarta rahI jIvana kI saralatA, zuddhatA aura mana kI dRr3hatA / jisa prakAra rAjanaitika adhikAroM kI prApti Aja pratyeka nAgarika ke lie sugama hai, usI prakAra ye AdhyAtmika adhikAra bhI use sahaja prApta ho gaye haiM / zUdroM kA aura patita samajhI jAne vAlI nArI-jAti kA samuddhAra karake bhI mahAvIra ne samAja-deha ko puSTa kiyA / AdhyAtmika utthAna kI carama sImA ko sparza karane kA mArga bhI unhoMne sabake lie khola diyA-cAhe vaha strI ho yA puruSa, cAhe vaha zUdra ho, yA cAhe aura koI /

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276 sAMskRtika saMdarbha janatantra se Age prAraNatantra : mahAvIra ne janatantra se bhI bar3hakara prAraNatantra kI vicAradhArA dI / janatantra meM mAnava-nyAya ko hI mahatva diyA gayA hai / kalyANakArI rAjya kA vistAra mAnava ke lie hai, samasta prANiyoM ke lie nahIM / mAnava-hita ko dhyAna meM rakhakara janatantra meM anya prANiyoM ke vadha kI chaTa hai, para mahAvIra ke zAsana meM mAnava aura anya prANI meM koI antara nahIM / savakI AtmA samAna hai| isIlie mahAvIra kI ahimA adhika mUkSma aura vistRta hai, mahAvIra kI karuNA adhika tarala aura vyApaka hai / vaha prANimAtra ke hita kI saMvAhikA hai| hameM vizvAsa hai, jyoM-jyoM vijJAna pragati karatA jAyagA, tyoM-tyoM mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA adhikAdhika yugAnukUla banatI jaaegii|

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X 4 ........... ... ... ... ... ... .. badalate saMdarbho meM mahAvIra-vANI kI bhUmikA . * DaoN. prema sumana jaina commmmmmmmmmmmmm. .. / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke yuga aura Aja ke pariveza meM paryApta antara huA hai| usa samaya jisa dhArmika anuzAsana kI AvazyakatA thI usakI pUrti mahAvIra ne kii| unake dharma ko Aja 2500 varSa hone ko haiM java saba kucha parivartita huA hai| pratyeka yuga' nae parivartanoM ke sAtha upasthita hotA hai| kucha paramparAoM ko pIche chor3a detA hai| kintu kucha aisA bhI zeSa rahatA hai, jo atIta aura vartamAna ko jor3e rahatA hai| vauddhika mAnasa isI jor3ane vAlI kar3I ko pakar3ane aura parakhane kA prayatna karatA hai ataH Aja ke badalate hue saMdarbho meM prAcIna AsthAoM, mUlyoM evaM cintana-dhArAoM kI sArthakatA kI anveSaNA svAbhAvika hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra kA dharma mUlataH vadalate hue sandarbho kA hI dharma hai| vaha Aja taka kisI sAmAjika kaTaghare, rAjanaitika parakoTe tathA varga aura bhASAgata dAyaroM meM nahIM bandhA / yathArtha ke dharAtala para vaha vikasita huA hai / tathya ko svIkAranA usakI niyati hai, cAhe ve kisI bhI yuga ke ho, kisI bhI cetanA dvArA unakA Atma- sAkSAtkAra kiyA gayA ho| ..... ... ... .. .. vyApaka pariprekSya ::.. .:...:... ... ... . . .. ...... vartamAna yuga jaina dharma ke pariprekSya meM badalA nahIM, vyApaka huA hai| bhagavAn RSabha deva ne zramaNa dharma kI una mUlabhUta zikSAoM ko ujAgara kiyA thA jo tAtkAlika jIvana kI AvazyakatAeM thii| mahAvIra ne apane yuga ke anusAra isa dharma ko aura adhika vyApaka kiyA / jIvana-mUlyoM ke sAtha-sAtha jIva mUlya kI bhI bAta unhoMne khii| AcaraNa ko ahiMsA kA vistAra vaicArika ahiMsA taka huA / vyaktigata upalabdhi, cAhe vaha jJAna kI ho yA vaibhava kI, aparigraha dvArA sArvajanika kI gaI / zAstrakAroM ne ise mahAvIra kA gRhatyAga, saMsAra se virakti Adi kahA, kintu vAstava meM mahAvIra ne eka ghara, parivAra evaM nagara se nikala kara sAre deza ko apanA liyA thaa| unakI upalabdhi ava prAriNa mAtra ke kalyANa ke lie samarpita thI / isa prakAra unhoMne jaina-dharma ko deza aura kAla kI sImAoM se pare kara diyA thaa| isI kAraNa jana-dharma vigata DhAI hajAra varSoM ke badalate sandarbho meM kahIM kho nahIM sakA hai / mAnava-vikAsa evaM prANI mAtra ke kalyANa meM usakI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA rahI hai| -:.-... .

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278 sAMskRtika saMdarbha badalate saMdarbha : __aAja vizva kA jo svarUpa hai, sAmAnyarUpa meM cintakoM ko badalA huA najara aAtA hai / samAja ke mAnadaNDoM meM parivartana, mUlyoM kA hrAsa, anAsthAoM kI saMskRti, kuNThAtroM aura saMtrAsoM kA jIvana, abhAva aura bhrapTa rAjanIti, samprepaNa kA mAdhyama, bhApAoM kA prazna, bhautikavAda ke prati lipsA-saMgharSa tathA prApti ke prati vyarthatA kA vodha Adi vartamAna yuga ke badalate saMdarbha haiM / kintu mahAvIra yuga ke pariprekSya meM dekheM to yaha sava parivartana kucha nayA nahIM lagatA / inhIM sava paristhitiyoM ke davAva ne hI usa samaya jaina dharma evaM bauddha-dharma ko vyApakatA pradAna kI thI / antara kevala itanA hai ki usa samaya ina badalate sandarbho se samAja kA eka viziSTa varga hI prabhAvita thA / sampannatA aura cintana ke banI vyaktitva hI zAzvata mUlyoM kI khoja meM saMlagna the| zeSa bhIr3a unake pIche calatI thii| kintu Aja samAja kI hareka ikAI badalate pariveza kA anubhava kara rahI hai| Aja vyakti sAmAjika prakriyA meM bhAgIdAra hai| aura vaha paramparAgata AsthAoM-mUlyoM se itanA niraprekSya hai, ho rahA hai, ki una kinhIM bhI sArvajanIna jIvana mUlyoM ko apanAne ko taiyAra haiM, jo use Aja kI vikRtiyoM se mukti dilA sake / jaina dharma cUMki lokadharma hai, vyakti-vikAsa kI usameM pratiSThA hai| ataH usake siddhAnta Aja ke badalate pariveza meM adhika upayogI ho sakate haiN| ahiMsA kI pratiSThA sarvopari : mahAvIra ke dharma meM ahiMsA kI pratiSThA sarvopari hai| Aja taka usakI vibhinna vyAkhyAeM aura upayoga hue haiN| vartamAna yuga meM hara vyakti kahIM na kahIM krAntikArI hai| kyoMki vaha AdhunikatA ke daMza ko tIvratA se anubhava kara rahA hai, vaha badalanA cAhatA hai pratyeka aisI vyavasthA ko, pratiSThA ko, jo usake dAya ko usa taka nahIM pahuMcane detii| isake lie usakA mAdhyama banatI hai hiMsA, tor3a-phor3a, kyoMki vaha Tukar3oM meM baMTA yahI kara makatA hai| lekina hiMsA se kie gae parivartanoM kA sthAyitva aura prabhAva inase chipA nahIM hai| samAja ke pratyeka varga para hiMsA kI kAlI chAyA maMDarA rahI hai| ataH ava ahiMsA kI ora jhukAva anivArya ho gayA hai| abhI nahIM to kucha aura bhugatane ke bAda ho jAegA / AkhirakAra vyakti vikRti se apane svabhAva meM kabhI to lauttegaa| Aja kI samasyAoM ke sandarbha meM 'jIvoM ko mAranA', 'mAMsa na khAnA', Adi paribhApAnoM vAlI ahiMsA bahuta choTI pdd'egii| kyoMki Aja to hiMsA ne aneka rUpa dhAraNa kara lie haiM / parAyApana itanA bar3ha gayA hai ki zatru ke darzana kie binA hI hama hiMsA karate rahate haiN| ataH hameM phira mahAvIra kI ahiMsA ke ciMtana meM lauTanA pdd'egaa| unakI ahiMsA thI--'dUsare' ko tirohita karane kI, miTA dene kI / koI duHkhI hai to 'maiM' hUM aura sukhI hai to 'maiM' huuN| apanatva kA itanA vistAra hI ahaMkAra aura ISyA ke astitva kI jar3e hilA sakatA hai, jo hiMsA ke mUla kAraNa haiN| jaina dharma meM isIlie 'sva' ko jAnane para itanA bala diyA gayA hai / AtmajJAna kA vistAra hone para apanI hI hiMsA aura apanA hI ahita kauna karanA cAhegA?

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4 .IN u menuka U Pawre FAMILMein badalate saMdarbho meM mahAvIra-vANI kI bhUmikA 276 mujhase choTA koI na ho : jaina dharma kI ahiMsA kI bhUmikA vartamAna yuga kI anya samasyAoM kA bhI upacAra hai / aparigraha kA siddhAnta isI kA vistAra hai| kintu aparigraha ko prAyaH galata samajhA gayA hai / aparigraha kA artha garIbI yA sAdhanoM kA prabhAva nahIM hai / mahAvIra ne garIvI ko kabhI svIkRti nahI dI / ve pratyeka kSetra meM pUrNatA ke pakSadhara the / mahAvIra kA aparigraha darzana Aja kI samAjavAdI citanA se kAphI Age hai| isa yuga ke samAjavAda kA artha hai mujhase bar3A koI na ho / saba mere varAvara ho jaayeN| kisI bhI sImita sAdhanoM aura yogyatA vAle vyakti athavA deza ko isa prakAra kI barAbarI lAnA bar3A muzkila hai| mahAvIra ke aparigrahI kA cintana hai-mujha se choTA koI na ho / arthAt mere pAsa jo kucha bhI hai vaha sabake lie hai / parivAra, samAja va deza ke lie hai| yaha socanA vyAvahArika ho sakatA hai / isase samAnatA kI anubhUti kI jA sakatI hai| kevala nArA banakara aparigraha nahIM rhegaa| vaha vyakti se prArambha hokara Age bar3hatA hai, javaki samAjavAda vyakti taka pahu~catA hI nahIM hai / aparigraha sampatti ke upabhoga kI sAmAnya anubhUti kA nAma hai, svAmitva kA nahIM / ataH vizva kI bhautikatA utanI bhayAvaha nahI hai, usakA jisa DhaMga se upayoga ho rahA hai, samasyAeM usase utpanna huI hai / aparigraha kI bhAvanA eka aura jahAM Apasa kI chInA-jhapaTI, saMcaya-vRtti Adi ko niyaMtrita kara sakatI, hai, dUsarI ora bhautikatA se pare prAdhyAtma ko bhI isase bala milegaa| vaicArika udAratA: vizva meM jitane jhagar3e artha aura bhautikavAda ko lekara nahIM hai, utane Apasa kI ApasI-vicAroM kI tanAtanI ke kAraNa hai| hara vyakti apanI bAta kahane kI dhuna meM dUsare kI kucha sunanA hI nahIM cAhatA / pahale zAstroM kI bAtoM ko lekara vAda-vivAda tathA AdhyAtmika stara para matabheda hote the| Aja ke vyakti ke pAsa ina bAtoM ke lie samaya hI nahI hai / rikta ho gayA hai vaha zAstrIya jJAna se / kintu phira bhI vaicArikamatabheda haiM / aba unakI dizA badala gaI hai / ava sImA-vivAda para jhagar3e hai, nAroM kI zabdAvalI para tanAtanI hai, lokataMtra kI paribhASAoM para garamA-garamI hai| sAhitya ke kSetra meM hara par3hane-likhane vAlA apane mAnadaNDoM kI sthApanAmoM meM lagA huA hai / bhASA ke mAdhyama ko lekara loga khemoM meM vibhakta hai| aisI sthiti meM jaina dharma yA kisI bhI dharma kI bhUmikA kyA ho, kahanA kaThina hai / kintu jaina dharma ke itihAsa se eka bAta avazya sIkhI jA sakatI hai ki usane kabhI bhASA ko dhArmika vAnA nahIM phinaayaa| jisa yuga meM jo bhApA saMpreSaNa kA mAdhyama thI use usane apanA liyA aura itihAsa sAkSI hai, jaina dharma kI isase koI hAni nahIM huI hai / ataH sampreSaNa ke mAdhyama kI sahajatA aura sArvajanInatA ke lie vartamAna meM kisI eka sAmAnya bhASA ko apanAyA * jAnA bahuta jarUrI hai| matabheda meM sAmaJjasya evaM zAlInatA ke lie anekAntavAda kA vistAra kiyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki binA vaicArika udAratA ko apanAye ahiMsA aura aparigraha Adi kI surakSA nahIM hai|

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280 sAMskRtika saMdarbha jaina dharma kI AdhunikatA : sUkSmatA se dekhA jAya to vartamAna yuga meM mahAvIra dvArA praNIta dharma ke adhikAMza siddhAMtoM kI vyApakatA dRSTigocara hotI hai / jAna-vijJAna aura samAja-vikAsa ke kSetra meM jaina dharma kI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA rahI hai / Adhunika vijJAna ne jo hame niSkarSa die haiunase jaina dharma ke tatvajJAna kI aneka vA pramANita hotI jA rahI haiN| vaijJAnika adhyayana ke kSetra meM dravya kI 'utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktasat' kI paribhApA svIkAra ho cukI hai / jaina dharma kI yaha pramukha vizepatA hai ki usane bheda vijJAna dvArA jar3a-cetana ko sampUrNatA se jAnA hai| Aja kA vijJAna bhI nirantara sUkSmatA kI ora bar3hatA huyA sampUrNa ko jAnane kI abhIpsA rakhatA hai| __ vartamAna yuga meM atyadhika AdhunikatA kA jora hai / kucha hI samaya vAda vastue, rahana-sahana ke tarIke, sAdhana, unake sambandha meM jAnakArI purAnI par3a jAtI hai| use bhulA diyA jAtA hai / nita naye ke sAtha mAnava phira jur3a jAtA hai| phira bhI kucha aisA hai, jise hamezA se svIkAra kara calA jA rahA hai| yaha saba sthiti aura kucha nahIM, jaina dharma dvArA svIkRta jagat kI vastu sthiti kA samarthana hai| vastuoM ke svarUpa badalate rahate haiM, ataH atIta kI paryAyoM ko chor3anA, navI paryAyoM ke sAtha jur3anA yaha AdhunikatA jaina dharma ke cintana kI hI phalazruti hai / nita nayI krAMtiyAM, pragatizIlatA, phaizana Adi vastu kI 'utpAdana' zakti kI svAbhAvika pariNati mAtra hai| kalA evaM sAhitya ke kSetra meM amUrtatA evaM pratIkoM kI ora jhukAva, vastu kI paryAyoM ko bhUla kara zAzvata satya ko pakar3ane kA prayatna hai / yathArtha vastu sthiti meM jIne kA Agraha 'yathArtha zraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam' ke artha kA hI vistAra hai / svataMtratA kA mUlya : Aja ke badalate saMdarbho meM svataMtratA kA mUlya tIvratA se ubharA hai / samAja kI hara ikAI apanA svataMtra astitva cAhatI hai| pratyeka vyakti apane adhikAra evaM kartavyoM meM kisI kA hastakSepa nahIM caahtaa| janatAMtrika zAsanoM kA vikAsa isI vyaktigata svataMtratA ke AdhAra para huA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne svataMtratA ke isa satya ko bahuta pahale ghopita kara diyA thaa| unakA dharma na kevala vyakti ko apitu pratyeka vastu ke svarUpa ko svataMtra mAnatA hai| isalie usakI mAnyatA hai ki vyakti svayaM apane svarUpa meM rahe aura dUsaroM ko unake svarUpa meM rahane de / yahI saccA lokataMtra hai / eka dUsare ke svarUpo meM jahAM hastakSepa huA, vahI balAtkAra prArambha ho jAtA hai, jisase duHkha ke sivAya aura kucha nahIM miltaa| __ vastu aura cetana kI isI svataMtra sattA ke kAraNa jaina dharma kisI aise niyantA ko asvIkAra karatA hai, jo vyakti ke sukha-duHkha kA vidhAtA ho / usakI dRSTi meM jar3a-cetana ke svAbhAvika niyama (guNa) sarvopari haiM / ve svaya apanA bhaviSya nirmita kareMge / purupArthI baneMge / yuvA zakti kI svataMtratA ke lie chaTapaTAhaTa isI satya kA pratiphalana hai| isIlie

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badalate saMdarbhoM meM mahAvIra - vAraNI kI bhUmikA 281 Aja ke vizva meM niyama svIkRta hote jA rahe haiM, niyantA tirohita hotA jA rahA hai / yahI zuddha vaijJAnikatA hai / dAyaroM se mukta unmukta : vastu evaM cetana ke svabhAva ko svataMtra svIkArane ke kAraNa jaina dharma ne cetana sattAyoM ke krama-bheda ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA / zuddha caitanya guNa samAna hone se usakI dRSTi meM sabhI vyakti samAna haiN| UMca-nIca, jAti, dharma yAdi ke AdhAra para vyaktiyoM kA vibhAjana mahAvIra ko svIkAra nahIM thA / isIlie unhoMne vargavihIna samAja kI vAta kahI thI / pratiSThAnoM ko asvIkRta kara ve svayaM jana sAmAnya meM Akara mila gaye the / yadyapi unakI isa bAta ko jaina dharma ko mAnane vAle loga adhika dinoM taka nahIM nibhA pAye / bhAratIya samAja ke DhAMce se prabhAvita ho jaina dharma vargavizepa kA hokara raha gayA thA, kintu grAdhunika yuga ke badalate saMdarbha jaina dharma ko kramazaH AtmasAt karate jA rahe haiM / vaha dAyaroM se mukta ho rahA hai / jaina dharma ava unakA nahIM rahegA jo paramparA se use Dho rahe haiM / vaha unakA hogA, jo vartamAna meM use jI rahe haiM / nArI svAtaMtrya : vartamAna yuga meM do bAtoM kA aura jora hai-nArI svAtaMtrya zrIra vyaktivAda kI pratiSThA | nArI svAtaMtrya ke jitane prayatna isa yuga meM hue haiM saMbhavataH usase bhI adhika purajora zabdoM meM nArI svAtaMtrya kI bAta mahAvIra ne apane yuga meM kahI thI / dharma ke kSetra meM nArI ko AcArya pada kI pratiSThA dene vAle ve pahale citaka the / jisa prakAra puruSa kA caitanya apane bhaviSya kA nirmANa karane kI zakti rakhatA hai, usI prakAra nArI kI AtmA bhI / ataH grAja samAna vikAroM ke lie saMgharSa karatI huI nArI apanI cetanatA kI svatantratA ko prAmANika kara rahI hai / vyaktitva kA vikAsa : jaina dharma meM vyaktitva kA mahatva prArambha se hI svIkRta hai / vyakti jaba taka apanA vikAsa nahIM karegA vaha samAja ko kucha nahIM de sakatA / mahAvIra svayaM satya kI pUrNatA taka pahale pahuMce tava unhoMne samAja ko udbodhita kiyA / Aja ke vyaktivAda meM vyakti bhIr3a se kaTakara calanA cAhatA hai | apanI upalabdhi meM vaha svayaM ko hI paryApta mAnatA hai / jaina dharma kI sAdhanA, tapazcaraNa kI bhI yahI prakriyA hai / vyaktitva ke vikAsa ke bAda sAmAjika uttaradAyitvoM ko nibAhanA / sAmAjikatA kA bodha : jaina dharma samyagdarzana ke ATha aMgoM kA vivecana hai / gaharAI se dekheM to unameM se prArambhika cAra aMga vyakti vikAsa ke lie haiM aura aMtima cAra aMga sAmAjika dAyitvoM se jur3e haiM / jo vyakti nirbhayI (nizaMkita ), pUrNa santuSTa ( ni:kAMkSita), dehagata vAsanAoM se

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sAMskRtika saMdarbha pare (nirvicikitsaka) evaM viveka se jAgRta (pramUDhadRSTi ) hogA vahI svayaM ke guNoM kA vikAsa kara sakegA (upabRMhaNa), pathabhraSToM ko rAstA batA sakegA ( sthirIkaraNa), sahadharmiyoM ke prati saujanya - vAtsalya rakha sakegA tathA jo kucha usane grajita kiyA hai, jo zAzvata aura kalyANakArI hai, usakA vaha jagat meM pracAra kara sakegA / isa prakAra jaina dharma apane itihAsa ke prArambha se hI una tathyoM aura mUlyoM kA pratiSThApaka rahA hai, jo pratyeka yuga ke badalate sandarbhoM meM sArthaka hoM tathA jinakI upayogitA vyakti aura samAja donoM ke utthAna ke lie ho / vizva kI vartamAna samasyAyoM ke samAdhAna hetu bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI kI bhUmikA mahatvapUrNa ho sakatI hai, vazarte use sahI arthoM meM samajhA jAya, svIkArA jAya / 282 eese

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kI prAsaMgikatA * DaoN0 vizvambharanAtha upAdhyAya horon dharma banAma mUlya: 'dharma' zabda saMkucita artha meM liyA jAe to vaha 'majahaba' yA saMkIrNa sampradAya vana jAtA hai kintu yadi dharma kA artha 'mUlya' hai, mAnava mUlya, tava dharma vyApaka ho jAtA hai / tIrthakara mahAvIra ke jIvana aura upadezoM meM mujhe kahIM koI saMkIrNatA nahIM dikhAI pdd'tii| ve eka mAnava mUlya vyavasthA kI sthApanA karate haiN| dharma zabda ke sthAna para 'mUlya' kara dIjie to mahAvIra kI zikSAeM prAsaMgika lagane lagatI haiN| jaba taka bur3hApA nahIM satAtA, java taka vyadhiyAM nahIM bar3hatIM, jaba taka indriyAM azakta nahIM hotIM, taba taka dharma kA AcaraNa kara lenA caahie|' isa vAkya meM 'dharma' ke sthAna para mUlya kara dIjie to vaha Adhunika vyakti ke lie grahaNIya ho jaaegaa| __ mahAvIra ke upadezoM meM indriyanigraha, ahiMsA, abhaya aura cetanA ke udAttIkaraNa para bala diyA gayA hai| prazna yaha hai ki mahAvIra jIva dayA para itanA vala kyoM dete haiM ? kyoM vaha kaThora saMyama aura nigraha kI prazaMsA karate haiM ? saMnyAsa aura vairAgya ko rekhAMkita kyoM karate haiM ? merI samajha se koI mahAtmA yA mahApuruSa apane dharma yA mUlya kI sthApanA, sAmAjika sandarbha ko dekha kara hI karatA hai| mahAvIra jisa samAja ke aMga the, vaha samAja hiMsA, apaharaNa, bhoga vilAsa, svecchAcAra, pralobhana aura atyAcAra para AdhArita thA / itihAsa aura samAjazAstra sAkSI detA hai ki tAtkAlika samAja, vargavibhakta samAja thaa| aneka jAtiyoM aura upajAtiyoM meM baMTA samAja, ahiMsA para AdhArita nahIM thA, hiMsA para AdhArita thA / yaha hiMsA vaha purohita karatA thA jo sAmAnya jana kI AsthA aura vizvAsa kA upayoga kara apanI jIvikA calAtA thA aura vyavahAra meM apane dvArA upadezita dharma ke viruddha AcaraNa karatA thaa| yaha hiMsA, vaha kSatriya karatA thA jo akSatriyoM para zastra vala se apane varga kA prabhutva sthApita karatA thA aura kara, vegAra Adi dvArA sAmAnya janatA kA zopaNa karatA thA, yaha hiMsA vaha vyApArI karatA thA jo apane sAhasa aura pUjI ke bala para sAdhAraNa logoM kA Arthika zopaNa karatA thaa| 1. dazavakAlika, 8136

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284 sAMskRtika saMdarbha sAmAjika mUlyoM kI pratiSThA : ___ mahAvIra isa zreNI vibhakta, UMca-nIca, chyA-chUta aura damana ke Upara AdhArita sAmAjika vyavasthA ke virodhI the| ve mAnava mAtra kI ora se volate haiM, kisI eka varga kI ora se nahIM-jise tU mAranA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai, jise tU zAsita karanA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai, jise tU paritApa denA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai|' ahiMsA kA yaha sAmAjika, sArvajanika mUlya kise asvIkArya ho sakatA hai ? gaura se dekheM to hiMsA ke lie uttaradAyI vargoM ko hI yahAM sambodhita kiyA gayA hai kyoMki dUsaroM ko zAsita karane vAle loga ucca varga ke hI hote hai| tatvadarzI samagra prANijanoM ko apanI AtmA ke samAna, dekhatA hai / 2 jIvana anitya hai, kSaNa bhaMgura hai, phira kyoM hiMsA meM Asakta hote ho| yaha nahIM ki sAdhAraNa yA zAsita jana hiMsA nahIM karate parantu unake sAmane Adarza yA prArUpa (mADala) ucca varga ke bhadrajanoM kA hotA hai, yathA rAjA tathA prjaa| ataeva uttaradAyitva una para hI hai jo samAja ke pramukha vyakti hote haiN| mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI coTa, isI "bhadra samAja' para hai, una akiMcanoM para nahIM jo vivazatA, ajJAna yA Adata se hiMsA karate haiN| mUlyoM kI sApekSatA: dUsarI bAta jo mahAvIra ke tatvajJAna ko prAsaMgika banAtI hai, vaha hai mUlyoM kI sApekSatA yAnI dharma kA deza, kAla aura pAtra ko dhyAna meM rakhakara prayoga / sampradAya ke rUpa meM mahAvIra mata ko dekhane vAle isa tathya kI upekSA kara dharma kI nirapekSatA kA pracAra karate haiN| varma kA mUla AdhAra, manuSya kA kalyANa hai| yadi kisI dharma yA mUlya se, mAnava kA akalyANa hotA hai to vaha tyAjya hai| satya dharma hai parantu yadi vaha saMyama yA anuzAsana kA virodhI hai to usakI koI sArthakatA nhiiN| satya bhI yadi saMyama kA ghAtaka ho to nahIM bolanA caahie| aisA satya bhI na bolanA cAhie jisase kisI prakAra ke pApa kA Agamana hotA ho| aura yaha satya kisa prakAra upalabdha hotA hai ? apanI AtmA dvArA, yAnI satya isa gavepaNA para nirbhara hai ki satyazodhaka, apane ko usakA nikapa banAtA hai yA nahIM / jisa vAta yA kama se apane ko kaSTa yA akalyANa hotA ho, vaha dUsaroM ke lie dharma kaise ho sakatA hai ? ataeva mahAvIra mUlya kI nirapekSatA ke virodhI the| ve mAnavatA 1. prAcArAMga 2. mUtrakRtAMga 3. uttarAdhyayana 4. prazna vyAkaraNa 2 / 2 5. dazavakAlika, 711

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kI prAsaMgakitA 285 vAdI ciMtaka the aura dharma yA mUlya kA nikapa, manuSya ko hI mAnate the| aisA dharma jisameM manuSya kI sthiti, kAla, dik aura jIvana ke vAstavika prasaMgoM para vicAra na ho, jo sirpha kisI amUrta vicAra yA dhAraNA ke lie logoM ko kaSTakara ho, vaha dharma nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki dharma ke satya, ahiMsA Adi mUlyoM kI kasauTI manuSya hai| manupya hI mUlyoM yA dharmoM kA anvepaka aura prayoktA hai| ataeva manuSya se bar3A koI nahIM hai / mUlya kA vicAra manuSya ko kendra meM rakha kara hI ho sakatA hai / mUlyoM ko sApekSatA kA satya anyatra bhI milatA hai| mahAbhArata meM kRSNa ne mUlyoM kI sApekSatA kA siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA thA lekina sampradAyavAdiyoM ne use bhulA diyaa| yadi mUlya aura manuSya ke hita meM TakarAhaTa ho to manuSya kA pakSa lo, nirapekSa yA amUrta mUlya yA dharma kA nhiiN| . 'mahAbhArata' meM mUlya dvaMdva ke lie eka kathA AtI hai / vaha isa prakAra hai : yuddha meM yudhiSThira ghAyala hokara zivira meM lauTate haiN| duHkha aura glAni meM ve arjuna ke gAMDIva kI nindA karate haiN| arjuna ne pratijJA kI thI ki gAMDIva ke niMdaka kA ve vadha kara dege ataH ve isa pUrvapratijJA se baddha hokara yudhiSThira para jhapaTate haiN| kRSNa unheM rokate haiN| udhara yudhiSThira kI pratijJA thI ki arjuna se apamAnita hone para ve prANa chor3a deNge| ataH ve ghAyala avasthA meM hI prANa tyAga ke lie sannaddha ho jAte haiN| vikaTa sthiti hai| isa sthiti meM dharma kyA hai ?. kRSNa dharma kA saMbaMdha hita se sthApita karate haiM / jisa karma, vacana yA bhAvanA se manuSyoM kA ahita ho vaha adharma hai| arjuna aura yudhiSThira, donoM jo karma karane jA rahe haiM, vaha nirapekSa dharma hai, isalie tyAjya hai / nirapekSa dharma lakSya yA preraNAvAkya ke rUpa meM rahe to ThIka hai kintu usa para AcaraNa karate samaya aneka sthitiyoM para vicAra Avazyaka hai| dharma aura mAnavahita kA sambandha mahAvIra bhI sthApita karate haiN| gAMdhIjI, nirapekSatAvAdI mAne jAte haiM para vastutaH ve bhI sApekSatAvAdI the, isalie atyAcAra kI sthiti meM gAMdhIjI ne zakti prayoga ko bhI vaidha bhAnA thaa| kazmIra para luTeroM ke AkramaNa ke samaya, bhAratIya senA - ko pratirakSA ke lie bhejA thaa| mahAvIra satya aura hita kA sambandha isa prakAra sthApita karate haiM sadA hitakArI satya bolanA cAhie 2 hiMsA paidA karane vAlA jhUTha mata bolo / 3 1. mahAvIra kA tatva-cintana mAtra manuSya hita taka nahIM, prANImAtra ke kalyANa taka vyApta thaa| --sampAdaka 2. uttarAdhyayana, 1926 3. dazavakAlika, 6 / 12

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sAMskRtika saMdarbha isI prakAra mahAvIra lobha ko corI mAnate haiM / grahiMsA aura satya se bhI adhika, mahAvIra saMgraha para bala dete haiM kyoMki saMgraha ke lie asatya bolanA par3atA hai / hitA karanI par3atI hai / 286 'mUlyoM kI sApekSatA ke siddhAnta ke prAvAra para hI, gRhasthoM aura vairAgiyoM ke AcAra-vicAroM ko alaga-alaga kiyA gayA hai| gRhastha, muni kI taraha nahIM rahatA / yadi rahatA hai to vaha parivAra yA prajApAlana rUpa dharma ko bhalI prakAra nahIM nibhA pAtA / aitihAsika yogadAna : mAnavatA ko mahAvIra kA aitihAsika yoga yaha hai ki brAhmaNavAdI samAja meM, dharma yA mUlya kA anusaraNa, lobhaparaka yA dambhonmukha thA / usameM ADambara, maMtra aura pradarzana kA bhAva thA / kAraNa, yajJa-hiMsA hotI thI / zrakAraNa, zramika varga ko nIca mAnA jAtA thA / bhedabhAva bahuta thA / striyoM aura zUdroM kI durdazA carama sImA para thI / 'brAhmaNoM' ne, apanI jamAta ko eka suvidhAprApta varga ke rUpa meM saMgaThita kara liyA thA / dharma ko vyAkhyA kA eka mAtra avikAra kevala brAhmaNoM ko thA / ve dharma granthoM - veda-purANoM kI manamAnI vyAkhyA isa prakAra karate the ki yathAsthiti banI rahe, ve saba lAbha unheM milate raheM jo unheM rUr3hivAdI samAja meM milate yA rahe the / isa paurAhitya ne mUlyamImAMsA ko itanA lacIlA vanA diyA ki saba kucha jAyaja thA / isa hiMsaka, saMgrahazIla, pradarzanapriya aura aMdhavizvAsa grasta, samAja ko AmUla badalane ke lie mahAtmAnoM ne saMgharSa kiyA / unhoMne uccavargIya bhoga vilAsa ke viruddha vAtAvaraNa banAyA / naitika niyamoM ko kaThora banAyA aura ghoSita kiyA ki manuSya mAtra kA hita hI dharma hai / brAhmaNa dharma jagat ko brahmamaya mAna kara bhI, vyavahAra meM sAmAnya logoM ke prati daMbhapUrNa ravaiyyA apanAtA thA / rakta kI zuddhatA kI nAmakadhAraNA ke kAraNa brAhmaNa dharmazAstriyoM ne rakta kI zuddhatA, pavitratA aura janmajAta zreSThatA kI nIMva para eka aise samAja kI racanA kI thI jisameM sAmAjika aura mAnava nyAya ke lie koI jagaha nahIM thI / karor3oM zoSitoM ko janmajAta hInabhAvanA meM rahanA par3atA thA / apane grArya ahaMkAra AkaMTha nimagna, savarNa varga ke loga, sAmAnya janoM ko nIca aura pazuvat mAnate the aura usa prakAra kI mAnasikatA ke nairantarya ke kAraNa, Aja bhI gAMvoM meM savarNa jAtiyoM ke loga karor3oM zramajIviyoM ke prati aMdara hI aMdara ghRNA karate haiM / mahAvIra ne isa mAnava virodhI vyavasthA ko dekhA thA / ve savarNa the magara apane mAnavatA prema ke kAraNa unhoMne apane ko varga mukta kiyA / saMnyAsa liyA yAnI usa samAja ko ho chor3a diyA jise ve bAhara jAkara, grAuTa sAiDara hokara hI sudhAra sakate the / gautama vuddha aura mahAvIra tathA anya brAhmaNavAdI vyavasthA ke virodhI vicAraka (yogI, AgamAnuyAyI, vrAtya, siddha grAdi) daraasala, usa sAmAjika saMracanA ke viruddha vidroha kara rahe the 1. jo manuSya ko manuSya kA dAsa banAne ke lie vivaza karatI hai / jo asamAnatA, nyAya

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI prAsaMgakitA 287 hInatA aura zoparaNa para AdhArita hai / isa deza meM, purohitoM, sattAdhIzoM, kSatriyoM aura seThoM ke apamAnajanaka ravaiyye ke khilApha mahAtmAnoM, santoM, sAvakoM, saMnyAsiyoM aura pavitrA - mAtroM ne nirantara yuddha kiyA hai / yaha yuddha saphala nahIM huA / vidrohiyoM ne navIna mUlya vyavasthA banAI / buddha aura mahAvIra ne sAre purAne graMdhavizvAsoM, grAtmA paramAtmA ke pratyayoM ko nakAra diyA / unhoMne 'satya' kI samAnAntara aura navIna vyAkhyAeM prastuta kI / kintu jina vuniyAdI mAnava mUlyoM ke lie ve lar3e, jisa bhedabhAva rahita samAja vyavasthA ke lie ve jie use bhulA diyA gayA / eka vyApaka jIvana dRSTi aura mUlya mImAMsA eka sampradAya vanatI gaI / deza meM, vidrohI aura utkRSTa sAmAjika cetanA ke krAntikArI vicAraka apane anuyAyiyoM dvArA pUjya hokara raha gae / yaha kitanA grAzcaryajanaka lagatA hai ki sthApita amAnavIya vyavasthA ke viruddha pracaNDa yogiyoM aura nirlipta siddhoM ke bAvajUda, pratyeka sudhAraka ke nAma para sirpha sampradAya raha gae | dambhiyoM ne mahApuruSoM ke sAtha vizvAsaghAta kiyA / yaha mahAvIra zikSA ke anusAra kaThora vacana hai kintu mahAvIra mUlyoM kI sApekSatA mAnate the / Aja yaha kahanA bahuta Avazyaka ho gayA hai ki vyavasthA virodhI citako aura sAdhakoM ko, unake AsapAsa ekatra kie gae bhramoM aura aMdhavizvAsoM se nikAlA jAe aura bhramoM ke bhItara chipI aitihAsika aura sAmAjika cetanA paraka saccAiyoM ko granvepita kiyA jAe / mahAvIra ko unake nAma aura mUrti ke zrAsapAsa pradhavizvAsa yA pralobhana se cipaTe logoM se mukta karanA hogA aura unakI zabdAvalI ke vyApaka saMketoM aura marmo ko TaTolanA par3hegA, tabhI mahAvIra grAdhunika mAnava saMvedanA aura muktacintana evam sAmAjika mukti ke dIrgha saMgrAma meM eka apratima vyaktitva ke rUpa meM dikhAI pddh'eNge| unake bimva ko to loga pUjate haiM para unakI 'AtmA' yA cetanA kI vizadatAtroM aura gaharAiyoM ko nahIM samajhate / ve mahAvIra ko 'grapanA' mAnate haiM jabaki mahAvIra, buddha, kapila, karaNAda, nAgArjuna, saraharaNa, kavora - ye sava pratyeka prakAra kI saMkIrNatAyoM kA pratikramaNa kara jAte haiM / ve mahAna the, unheM kucha loga ghara kara nahI rakha sakate / sAmAjika cetanA kA tattva : karma se hI koI brAhmaNa hotA hai / ' yaha vAkya bhAratIya sandarbha meM krAMtikArI hai / isa vAkya ko mAnyatA mila jAe to samAja vyavasthA hI badala jAe kiMtu janmajAta zreSThatA ke dhavizvAsa ke kAraNa kevala isI deza meM vaipamya kI sRSTi nahIM hotI balki videzoM meM bhI kamoveza 'gralagAva' ke aneka rUpa haiM / 'varNa' yA raMga kA bhedabhAva to prasiddha hI hai| pUMjI yA saMgraha kI zakti ke AdhAra para pAzcAtya samAjoM meM logoM ke bIca bar3Ibar3I khAiyAM haiM / zikSA se ye jAtIya ahaMkAra bar3hate haiM, ghaTate nahIM / ina ahaMkAroM meM coTa pahu~cAne kI jitanI zakti hotI hai utanI prabhAvoM meM bhI nahIM hotI / prabhAva ko zrAdamI baradAzta 1. uttarAdhyayana, 25 / 33

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288 . sAMskRtika saMdarbha kara letA hai lekina sAmAjika apamAna vaha kabhI baradAzta nahIM karatA / vivazatA meM vaha sahatA hai lekina sahane kI prakriyA meM ghanIbhUta hotA huA asaMtoSa apane carama vindu para phUTatA hai| yahI krAMti hai| krAMti kA uddezya ahiMsaka nAgarikoM ke samAja kI racanA karanA hai| mahAvIra jina mAnavIya uccatAtroM kI bAteM kahate haiM, ve yadi samAja se aojhala ho jAyeM to vaha eka dina nahIM cala sktaa| mahAvIra ke samAna hada caritra ke loga hI vyavasthAeM badalate haiM, banAte haiM / 'mahAvIra' hI usa carama bindu ko lA sakate haiM athavA hRdaya-parivartana kara sakate haiM / mahAvIra kI ahiMsA kI nirapekSa vyAkhyA karake loga unakI sAmAjika cetanA kI upekSA karate haiN| unheM lagatA hai, mahAvIra dikAlAtIta anubhavoM ke anvepaka the, mAmAjika prazna unake lie gauraNa thA lekina mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA meM bhI vaha sAmAjika cetanA hai, jo pIr3itoM ko abhaya detI hai aura AdarzoM aura mUlyoM ko vastuoM aura ahaMkAroM se uccatara sthAna para pratiSThita karatI hai| mahAvIra kA vicAra aura karma eka hai / ve satya ke sambandha meM dikkAlAtIta parama satyoM ke viSaya meM, jijJAsAoM kA apane anekAntavAda se uttara dete haiM, lekina vidrohI ciMtakoM kA vala, sAmAjika pakSa para adhika rahA hai kyoMki vidrohI cetanA kA pratiphalana samAja meM jhalakanA cAhie anyathA vidroha kalpita yAnI mUlyahIna hai / antara 'prakAra' kA nahIM 'pahuMca' kA : ' ___ svarUpa dRSTi se sabhI AtmAeM samAna haiN| yaha eka dArzanika maMtavya hai kintu yaha naitika yA sAmAjika krathana bhI hai| yaha vodha 'vyApaka' aura 'sArvajanIna' hai| vaha aAtmA kI anekatA, vividhatA mAnatA hai kyoMki vaha pratyakSataH dekhatA hai ki prAtmAeM samAna hokara bhI eka stara kI nahIM hai, ve vividhastarIya haiM / ataeva unameM 'prakAra kA aMtara nahIM, 'pahu~ca' kA aMtara hai| 'pahuMca' ke lie apane prati kaThoratA Avazyaka hai, isIlie buddha aura mahAvIra ke mata meM kaThoratA aura kasAva adhika hai / usake binA 'saMgha' nahIM bana sakatA aura 'saMgha' ke vinA, sAmAjika ciMtakoM aura sAdhakoM dvArA zAsaka varga para naitika davAva nahIM DAlA jA sktaa| yadi zAsaka vacana de ki vaha. akAraNa yA matAndha hokara hatyA nahIM karegA to usake sAtha paTa sakatI hai / 'zAMti' kA artha nahIM ki zAMti eka nirapekSa pratyaya hai yA yaha ki zAMti 'tatvavAda' kI vastu hai, vAstavika jIvana kI nhiiN| zAMti kA yeha artha nahIM ki hiMsakoM yA amAnavoM kA sAtha diyA jaae| zAMti ke pratyaya meM azAMti ke kAraNoM ke unmUlana kA artha, bhI chipA huA hai aura isa zAMti ke binA yogI janatA meM yaha kahatA rahegA ki zAsaka adharmI hai, mUlyahIna hai / upadeza ko puragrasara vanA rakhane kA eka hI upAya thA ki mahAvIra yA buddha anuzAsita yA sAdhaka jIvana jiite| vyaktigata sAdhanA meM saphala yA siddha vyakti hI, loka ko prabhAvita kara sakatA hai, sAdhAraNa vyakti nhiiN| mahAtmA isI sthiti aura upalabdhi kA nAma hai| mahAvIra - 'mahAtmA' the isameM to kisI ko bhI saMdeha nahIM hai, prazna to prAsaMgikatA kA hai / . . 'anubhavavAdI' siddhoM aura kaThora Atmadamana ke samarthaka buddha aura mahAvIra jaise mahAtmAoM meM aMtara yahI hai ki bauddha aura jaina vidroha, Atmadamana kI kaThora sAdhanA ko

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI prAsaMgikatA 286 mAnatA hai| javaki kaula-kApAlika-zAkta aura vAmamArgI siddhoM meM, vidroha ucchaMkhala prakAra kA hai| donoM meM sAmAjika mUlya samAna haiM kintu 'pahuMca' ke mArga bhinna-bhinna haiN| donoM, mAnava ekatA ke samarthaka haiM kintu buddha aura mahAvIra jahAM paramadhyAnI haiM vahAM tAMtrika paramparA ke yogI padArtha mAtra ko ziva mAnakara usakA bhoga karate haiM aura Atmadamana ke mArga se prApta hone vAlI 'siddhi' (mAnavIya utkRSTatA) bhoga ke mArga se prApta karake dikhAte haiM / bauddha, jaina siddhoM tathA hindU zAktoM-zaivoM ne yuddha ko bhI eka anubhava ke rUpa meM liyA aura zatAbdiyoM taka yogiyoM-sAdhakoM kI zreNI parapIr3akoM se TakarAtI rahI aura sarvadA Ama janatA kA anivArya aMza bana kara rahI / vRttinirodhaka (mahAvIra, buddha Adi) yogiyoM aura vRttibhogI yogiyoM meM yaha sAdhanAtmaka aMtara hone para bhI apane sAmAjika abhiprAyoM meM ve milakara 'bhAratIya vidroha' ko nirantaratA dete hai / ve savarNoM kI mAnamaryAdA, mUlya, vizvAsa, rIti-rivAja, ApasI vyavahAra-yaha saba chor3ane ke lie kahate hai / saMgha bala se akhAr3oM ke tevaroM se sthApita vyavasthA se bhinna taura-tarIkoM kI sthApanA ke kArya meM sabhI ne yogadAna kiyaa| mArgoM aura rItiyoM kI bhinnatA, jar3atA kI sImA taka pahuMcane para bhI, sAmAjika saMkaToM meM yogiyoM ne, vyavasthA samarthaka brAhmaNoM kI tulanA meM adhika kAma kiyaa| ve virodha kI agni ko prajvalita karate rahate the / kheda yaha hai ki 'saMgha' jisakA rUpa kula milAkara janonmukha thA, kramazaH sampradAya aura jAti meM parivartita ho gyaa| kAlAntara meM bauddha aura jaina samAja savarNoM meM zAmila kara lie gae aura ve vyApaka hindU samAja ke aMga bana ge| savarNa vyavasthA ne apane lacIlepana se vidroha ko asaphala kara diyA / tulasIdAsa ne janavimukha aura ADambarI zUdravidroha kA majAka ur3AyA 'dambhina nijamata kalapikarI pragaTa kInha bhupNth'| yadi vrAtyoM, muniyoM aura yogiyoM kA aitihAsika AMdolana saphala ho jAtA to tulasIdAsa yaha vAta haragija nahIM kaha sakate the| tulasIdAsa ne dalita logoM ke vidroha kA aMtavirodha dekha liyA thA / sAmpradAyika dambha ne mahAtmAoM ko kaida kara liyA aura lAbha sirpha yaha huA ki mahAtmA ke nAma para jAtiyoM ko tarakkI de dI gii| koriyoM ko kavIradAsa kaha diyA, camAra ko raidAsa / mahAvIra kI asampRktatA : svAtaMtryottara aAdhunika bhArata meM vicAroM ke sAtha 'saMskArI' samAja sAtha nahIM cala paataa| bhAratIya saMvidhAna apane irAdoM meM eka sabhya aura mAnavIya samAja kI saMracanA kA pakSadhara hai| vaha apane sAmAjika lakSyoM meM, phrAMsa kI rAjya krAnti ke nAroM ko apanAtA hai para samAja ke DhAMce meM, koI vizepa aMtara nahIM aayaa| hajAra varSoM se saMtrasta sthitiyoM meM apanI pahacAna aura asmitA vacAe rakhane ke lie yahAM kA samAja pRthaktAoM kI paramparA ke sAtha natthI rahA hai kyoMki pRthaktAoM ko hI vaha dharma mAnane lagatA hai| para dharma aura dUsaroM se bhinnatA kA gaDamagaDDa gaNita, mahAvIra ke vicAroM, vyavahAroM meM nahIM hai| mahAvIra kahIM bhI sampRkta nahIM the / samAdhi meM to dikkAlAtIta sthiti rahatI hai| ataH use chor3akara ve kahIM 'sAmpradAyika vyakti' nahIM lagate / ve uccatara koTi kI cittasthiti meM rahakara bhava

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260 sAMskRtika saMdarbha mukti aura parama kalyANa kI bAteM socate the| mahAvIra pRthaktvAoM, alagAvoM, manuSya ke prati anAsthAoM aura phirakevAjI ko kahIM koI mahattva nahIM dete| ve apane mUlyoM aura mAnyatAoM ke anurUpa jIvana jIne ke lie kaSTa uThAte haiM aura isa kaSTa prakriyA meM hI unheM yaha vodha hotA hai ki mAnava saMbhAvanAoM ke carama vikAsa kI talAza 'cune hue' mArga se hI ho sakatI hai| mahAvIra ke Upara likhe gae dhArmika sAhitya meM ve mAnasika sthitiyA~ aMkita nahIM ho sakI jinase gujara kara mahAvIra apanI cetanA ke dvaMdvoM meM saMgati khoja sake the| mukti kI kalpanA ko unhoMne jI kara dikhAyA thaa| mahAvIra kI manovRttiyoM kI nivir3atA kI khoja, yA unakI punarracanA ho to mahAvIra ke aMtaHkaraNa kA dvaMdvamaya jagat bhI sAmane A sakatA hai, jisameM Asa-pAsa ke vibhinna jIvana-stara, mUlyoM kI manamAnI pIra darpo ko dekha kara sAdhAraNa jIvana se vairAgya jagA, jisameM yaha bhAva pAyA ki ina logoM kA aMdhA jIvana meM kaise jI sakatA hU~ ? unhoMne pracalita jIvana paddhati meM chipI anItiyoM ko dekhA aura anityatA ke dArzanika kaNTa ke sAtha, isa mAnavIya kaSTa ko bhI sahA / ve isa ghere ko tor3a kara, apane stara se, mAnavIya durvalatAoM aura anyAyoM ke viruddha eka yogI ke rUpa meM lar3e aura usakA prabhAva par3A, eka paramparA bnii| isa paramparA ko usakI rUr3hiyoM se mukta karanA hogaa| mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA paramparAgata 'brAhmaNacintana' se bhinna hai / vaha Aja ke 'mukta bauddhika' kI cittavRtti ke adhika nikaTa hai| unakA anekAntavAda satya ke prati matabhinnatA ke janatAMtrika siddhAMta kI zakti detA hai| anuzAsana, arAjakatA ke viruddha lar3ane kA eka astra hai| arAjakatA samakAlIna itihAsa meM vahatI hI jA rahI hai| ise krAMti ke samarthana meM le Ane ke lie mahAvIra se yaha pATha sIkhA jA sakatA hai ki Apasa meM sahiSSNutA ananta sImA taka honI cAhie / vaijJAnika, audyogika aura mAnavIya samAja meM hI ve mUlya aura mAnyatAe caritArtha ho sakatI haiM jinake lie mahAvIra ne ghara dvAra chor3A thaa| 'aniketa' hue the, ajanabI bane the / ina mAnavIya mUlyoM aura mAnyatAoM ke lie mahAvIra kA jIvana aura kRtitva anuzIlana yogya hai / lekina mahAvIra kI mukhya prAsaMgikatA, unakI sAmAjika aura mAnavIya cetanA ke sandarbha meM hai| unhoMne savarNa samAja kI jagaha 'saMgha samAja' kI nIMva DAlI, usa vicAra ko aneka meM ropaa| unake 'cole' badala die aura isa prakAra hajAroM lAkhoM kA rUpAntaraNa ho gayA / . .. .

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kyA Aja ke saMdarbha meM bhI mahAvIra sArthaka haiM zrI bhaMvaramala siMghI ..."hnawinwwwan darzana ko sArthakatA : suprasiddha jarmana dArzanika posavAlDa speMgalara ne apanI pustaka 'DiklAina oNpha da vesTa' meM likhA hai ki jo darzana yA vicAra hamAre samakAlIna jIvana ke praznoM kA samAdhAna nahIM karatA, vaha:prAja ke lie kaur3I kAma kA nahIM hai| speMgalara kA yaha kathana vAstava meM vaDhe mahattva kA hai / jo vicAra Aja kAma kA nahIM hai, usakI bAta karanA, usakA mahattva bakhAnanA koI artha nahIM rakhatA, maiM svayaM isa bAta kA kAyala huuN| mahAvIra ke vicAroM aura upadezoM ko bhI maiM isI mAnyatA kI kasauTI para kasa kara dekhanA aura samajhanA cAhatA huuN| maiMne jaina dharma ke antargata janma liyA tathA dharma ke nAma para usI se merA sabase pahale paricaya huA aura usake saMskAra bhI mujhe mile| isIliye maiM use mAna kara calatA rahaM aura sahI aura galata kA bheda samajhane ke lie Avazyaka viveka-vizlepaNa se kAma nahIM lU, yaha dhArmikatA nahIM, dharmAndhatA hI hogI / aisA na maiM karatA hUM na karanA cAhatA hUM aura na aisA karanA mujhe ucita hI lagatA hai / mahAvIratva kI AvazyakatA : ____mahAvIra ke sambandha meM ukta dRSTi se vicAra karane para lagatA hai ki yadi deza aura kAla kI parivartanazIla paristhitiyoM ke antarAla ko chor3akara mahAvIra ke dvArA pratipAdita mUla jIvana-dRSTi ko dekheM aura samajhe to avazya hI mujhe lagatA hai ki unakI dRSTi Aja bhI sArthaka hai, unakA batalAyA huA jIvana-mArga Aja bhI samAdhAna kA mArga hai, vikAsa aura unnati kA mArga hai, vyakti ke lie aura samAja evaM mAnavajAti ke lie bhI / mahAvIra jisa yuga meM huye, jina paristhitiyoM meM unako kArya karanA par3A, tathA jina samasyAoM ke viruddha unakI saMgharSa-sAdhanA kI gaI, usameM bahuta kucha parivartana ho cukA hai| unhoMne hiMsA kA jo rUpa dekhA thA aura usake viruddha unhoMne jisa rUpa meM ahiMsA kI sAdhanA kI thI, vaha bAja nahIM hai / kintu hiMsA to vaise hI balki jyAdA vyApaka aura ghanI hokara Aja cAroM tarapha phailI huI hai aura vyakti hara stara para jIvana kI aneka-aneka samasyAoM se ghirA huA hai / isa hAlata meM kahanA na hogA ki jahAM hiMsA hai, kaSTa hai, vahAM mahAvIratva kI AvazyakatA hai hii|

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262 sAMskRtika saMdarbha icchA hI dAsatva kI jananI : ___ mahAvIra kI mUla vAta yahI thI ki agara manuSya apanI icchAoM kA dAsa hokara rahatA hai, arthAt icchAoM kA damana nahIM kara sakatA, una para vijaya nahIM prApta kara sakatA hai.to vaha hara taraha se dAsa hI banA rahatA hai, dAsatva kI zRMkhalAyeM use bAMdhe rahatI haiM, cAhe dAsatva rAjya kA ho, samAja kA ho, dharma kA ho, yA aura kisI bhI taraha kA ho / epaNA arthAt icchA hI dAsatva kI jananI hai / icchAtroM kA dAsa banA huyA vyakti khuda hamezA vadhA rahatA hai aura usakI prakRti dUsaroM ko bhI hamezA vAMdhane yA vAMdhe rahane kI hI hotI hai / icchA se icchA, karma se karma aura lobha se lobha-isI ke gorakha-dhandhoM meM vaha phaMsA rahatA hai, kaida huA rahatA hai| phira saMtoSa kahAM, zAMti kaisI ? jo vyakti apanI icchAoM kI kaida meM hai, vaha saba kI kaida meM hai| isIlie mahAvIra ne pAMca mahAvrata batalAyeahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha / ye pAMcoM mahAvrata mUlataH apane-Apa para vijaya prApta karane ke tarIke haiM / aura jIvana kA satya kyA hai, ise jAnane ke lie unhoMne koI gar3hA-gar3hAyA, baMdhA-baMdhAyA mArga nahIM btlaayaa| basa itanA hI kahA ki samyak darzana aura samyak jJAna dvArA manuSya satya ko prApta kare aura use aMgIkAra kara samyak cAritra dvArA jIvana meM utAre to phira mukti kA, nirvANa kA aura jIvana kA sarvasva usake apane hAthoM meM hai / kitanI sIdhI aura sarala bAta hai, para manuSya hai ki icchAyoM kI upalabdhi meM hI use saba kucha jAna par3atA hai| ahiMsA kA vidhAyaka rUpa : mahAtmA gAMdhI ne mahAvIra ke isa jIvana siddhAnta para calakara hI samAja aura deza ke stara para eka bar3A saMgharpa kiyA, anyAya ke viruddha, asatya ke viruddha aura eka bar3A itihAsa hamAre yuga meM unhoMne banA diyaa| mahAvIra ke mArga ko gAMdhI ne apane naye prayogoM dvArA atyanta sama-sAmayika banA diyaa| jo loga yaha samajhate aura kahA karate the ki ahiMsA to eka niSedhAtmaka vRtti hai, kAyaratA kI pravRtti hai, unhoMne gAMdhI ke asahayoga aura satyAgraha meM ahiMsA kA vidhAyaka rUpa dekhA, usakA teja dekhA / ahiMsaka vyakti ko adhika vIratA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, adhika kaSTa sahana ke lie use taiyAra honA par3atA hai| lenA hI lenA : Aja hamAre deza ke sAmane aura eka prakAra se sArI manuSya jAti ke sAmane bhI jo aneka-aneka samasyAyeM upasthita haiM aura jinase manuSya atyanta pIr3ita aura pratAr3ita hai, ve saba isI bAta meM se paidA huI haiM ki AdamI icchAtroM kI pUrti ke pralobhana meM DUbA huyA hai, use apane se bAhara kucha dIkhatA hI nahIM / jo kucha use dIkhatA hai, vaha use lubhAtA hai aura saba kucha ko vaha AtmasAt, Atma-niyaMtrita kara lenA cAhatA hai| Aja jIvana ke hara kSetra meM yahI vyakti- paraka pravRtti bar3hatI jA rahI hai / AdamI lenA hI lenA cAhatA hai, usI kI khoja meM lagA huA hai, denA use mAno pAtA hI nahIM hai / dene kA sAhasa hI usameM nahIM hai kyoMki usake liye usakI icchA nahIM hai / Aja hamAre sAmane deza ke una hajAroM vyaktiyoM ke skhalana

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kyA Aja ke saMdarbha meM bhI mahAvIra sArthaka haiM 263 ke hI udAharaNa haiM jinhoMne jitane dina diyA arthAt tyAga kiyA, balidAna kiyA, niHsvArtha aura niHsaMga bhAva se samAja aura mAnavatA kI sevA kI utane dina bahuta kucha paayaa| parantu ve hI vyakti java upalabdhi ke zikhara para pahuMce to TUTa gaye, vikhara gye| icchAoM ke damana meM aura prAptiyoM ke cakravyUha meM hI ghusate cale gaye / isIliye jaba svarAjya milA to gAMdhIjI ne hara pada aura pratiSThA se apane ko alaga rkhaa| ve alaga rahe to UMce rahe, acche rahe, pavitra rahe / vAkI loga jo usake najadIka cale gaye, usameM paiTha gaye ve nirantara nIce aura nIce hI girate cale gye| pAloka kI talAza : __ yaha hAlata hI Aja cAroM ora hAhAkAra macAye huye hai| eka krandana aura cItkAra ho rahI hai / AdamI apanA patha bhUla gayA hai| andhakAra meM calatA huA vaha Aloka kI talAza kara rahA hai / para, Aloka to andhakAra ko kATakara hI A sakatA hai| aMdherI icchAtroM se aMdherA kaTatA nahIM, bar3hatA hI hai / Aja yahI sabase bar3I vibhIpikA hai / rAstA dIkhatA nahIM ho so bAta nahIM hai / parantu rAste para to calane se hotA hai / calanA hI to kaThina hai / bolane meM, kahane meM, bhakti aura pUjA karane meM kyA par3A hai ? mUla-vAtoM ko chor3akara AnuSaMgika bAtoM meM hama kitane hI dUra taka jAyeM, gahare jAyeM, hama kucha pA nahIM skte| jor3anA banAma chor3anA: Aja vyakti aura vyakti ke bIca, samAja aura samAja ke vIca, varga aura varga ke vIca, deza aura deza ke bIca jo jhagar3e ho rahe haiM, una sava ke mUla meM parigraha ke sivAya kyA hai ? yaha parigraha nAnA rUpoM meM vyApta hai / vahI hamAre ciMtana ko paMgu aura napuMsaka banAye huye hai| ciMtana dizA detA hai, phala nhiiN| phala to caritra se, kriyA se hI AtA hai / jo jitanI icchA rakhatA hai aura parigraha ikaTThA karatA hai, vaha utanA hI adhika khuda parezAna hotA hai, dUsaroM ko parezAna karatA hai / jo jor3ane meM jItA hai, vaha jItA nahIM jalatA hai; jo chor3ane meM jItA hai, vaha jIvana se chalatA hai / dharma ko jiyeM: __dharma ko hamane pUjA ke ucca zikharoM para biThalA kara jIvana se alaga kara diyA / hama usakI zabda-raTanA karate haiM, pUjA aura arcanA karate haiM parantu jIvana meM use nahIM utArate, nahIM utAranA caahte| mahAvIra ne jo kucha dekhA, jAnA, samajhA, use hajArahajAra kaThinAiyoM ke bAvajUda jiyaa| jo kucha vAdhAyeM AI, kapTa sAmane Aye una saba ko jhelA / tabhI to ve mahAvIra bane, isI taraha buddha aura IsA bhI bne| unhoMne apane para vijaya prApta kara jinatva hAsila kiyA, satya para dRSTi rakhakara unhoMne jIvana kI vidrohAtmaka aura saMgharSamayI sAdhanA kii| isa mArga kI sArthakatA Aja bhI banI huI hai valki yahI mArga sArthaka hai| isako apanAye vinA, isa para cale vinA hama samasyAoM ko kadApi hala nahIM kara sakate haiM / prajAtantra hai to samAjavAda hai to, sAmyavAda hai to, yA aura koI vAda

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264 sAMskRtika saMdarbha hai to tyAga aura nirlobhitA to caritra se hI pAtI hai| baMdhanoM ko kATane ke liye vaMdhanoM se mukta honA jarUrI hai / nizcita rUpa se mahAvIra kA patha jIvana kA vAstavika vyAvahArika patha hai / calane kA sAhasa : ___isa patha kA darzana Aja bahuta nahIM hotA / durbhAgya se mahAvIra ke vaMzaja aura anugAmI kahane aura kahalAne vAle jainoM meM to sabase kama / jainiyoM meM Aja ahiMsA hai to kAyaroM kI, aparigraha hai to vAtoM kA aura nirbhIkatA aura vidroha to hai hI nahIM / mahAvIra ke ina anuyAyiyoM ke jIvana ko dekhakara kaise vizvAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki isa patha para calakara kucha bhI ho sakatA hai ? jisa patha para hama cala rahe haiM vaha patha to patha nahIM hai, vipatha hai / mahAvIra kA patha, nirvANa kA patha to sAmane hai hii| jo usa para calane kA sAhasa karegA, usa para calegA vahI vyakti, vahI jAti, vahI deza, apanA kalyANa karegA aura samasyAoM ko sadA ke liye hala karane meM saphalatA paayegaa| mahAvIra apanI isa dRSTi aura vicAra ke kAraNa vastutaH vizva ke vicAra-krama ke eka Avazyaka aura vizeSa aMga haiN| isa vicAra aura mUlya ke rUpa meM mahAvIra kA siddhAnta Aja bhI sampUrNa sArthakatA rakhatA hai / Atma-niyantraNa aura Atma-tyAga ke dvArA hI saMsAra kA sahI artho meM kalyANa ho sakatA hai aura samasyAoM se mukti mila sakatI hai / THAN

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48 yuvA pIr3hI mahAvIra se kyA preraNA le? .. zrI caMdanamala 'cAMda' vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv __ mahAvIra! cAra akSara-eka zabda / lAkhoM vyaktiyoM kA nAma mahAvIra ho sakatA hai-hara gAMva meM do cAra mahAvIra mila sakate haiM, kintu cAra akSaroM vAle isa 'mahAvIra' nAma ke sAtha aDhAI hajAra varSoM pUrva kA vaha citra ubharatA hai jisameM rAja-pATa, sukha-aizvarya, bhoga-vilAsa ko tyAga kara tIsa varSa kA rAjakumAra muni vanatA hai| mahAvIra ke nAma se hI unake jIvana kI ve sArI sthitiyAM, ghaTanAeM evaM preraka prasaMga calacitra kI taraha nayanoM ke sAmane utarane lagate haiN| jinameM unakI vIratA, kSamA, dhairya, dRr3ha manovala, tyAga evaM kevalya Adi ke anekAneka prasaMga bhare par3e haiN| mahAvIra ! rAjamahala ke sukha-vaibhava chor3akara vanoM meM mauna, dhyAna, Asana karane vAle mahAvIra apane yuga ke prakharatama krAntikArI the| unhoMne AcAra evaM vicAra donoM hI pakSoM meM mahAna krAnti svayaM ke jIvana prayogoM dvArA prArambha kii| yuvApIr3hI ke lie prAdarza : vartamAna yuga kI yuvA pIr3hI ke lie mahAvIra Adarza haiM / aDhAI hajAra varSoM ke bAda bhI mahAvIra ne apane jIvana evaM darzana ke dvArA jo mArga prazasta kiyA vaha Aja usa yuga se bhI sambhavataH jyAdA upayogI evaM Avazyaka hai / mahAvIra ke jIvana evaM darzana kA yadi Adhunika yuvApIr3hI samyak adhyayana kara use AcaraNa meM utAre to dhvaMsa kI apekSA nirmANa ke mArga para laga sakatI hai / yuvApIr3hI samAja, rASTra aura vizva kI rIr3ha hotI hai jisake savala kaMdhoM para purAnI pIr3hI deza kA dAyitva sauMpakara apane anubhavoM se mArga-darzana karatI hai| yuvA pIr3hI samAja aura rASTra kI AzA hai-vizvAsa hai| vartamAna yuga ke saMdarbha meM yuvA pIr3hI kA adhyayana kareM to hameM spaSTa patA calatA hai ki hamArA yuvA varga purAnI pIr3hI kI apekSA adhika buddhimAna hai| usameM vauddhika vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha tarka, vijJAna evaM anya yogyatAeM bhI purAnI pIr3hI se adhika haiM / yuvAvarga ke mana meM kucha karane kI tar3apha hai, utsAha hai aura usake lie pUrNa niSThA evaM lagana bhI hai / hAM, usakI ina bhAvanAoM ko jaba sahI pariprekSya meM na samajha kara unake sAtha asahayoga evaM anudAra vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai to yuvAvarga ko zakti kA vidhvaMsaka visphoTa, tor3a-phor3a, har3atAla Adi ke rUpa meM dIkhatA hai| mahAvIra svayaM yuvA the / jaba unhoMne gRhatyAga kara saMnyAsa le liyaa| mahAvIra kA saMnyAsa jIvana se palAyana nahIM thA kyoMki unakA jIvana sukhI, samRddha evaM vaibhavapUrNa thA /

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2e6 sAMskRtika saMdarbha mahAvIra kA saMnyAsa jIvana ke uccatama mUlya kI prApti ke lie thA / vaibhava ko chor3akara saMgharSa svIkAranA, bhogoM ko ThukarAkara tyAga evaM samarpaNa ke dvArA jIvana ke uccatama mUlya prApti ke lie yuvA pIr3hI mahAvIra se preraNA le sakatI hai / artha evaM vaibhava kI cakAcauMdha meM par3hakara jIvana ko isI kSetra meM homa dene vAle yuvaka mahAvIra se preraNA leM to unheM lagegA ki tyAga karane meM prApti se bhI jyAdA grAnanda grAtA hai / mahAvIra kA jIvana samatA, kSamA, dhairya evaM hRdaya kI vizAlatA kA udAharaNa hai / caNDakauzika sarpa daMzana karatA hai, gvAlA kAnoM meM kIleM ThokatA hai, gauzAlaka tejo legyA kA prahAra karatA hai kintu mahAvIra ke hRdaya meM krodha nahIM - ghRNA aura napharata nahIM / vahAM to karuNA kA ajasra srota laharAtA rahatA hai / yuvApIr3hI mahAvIra kI isa samatA, titikSA evaM kSamA ko apanAkara dekhe to jIvana kI aneka visaMgatiyAM, bahuta sAre jhagaDe aura kalaha sahaja hI samApta ho jAyeMge / mahAvIra ne prema kA maMtra diyA - karuNA kI vANI dI / yuvApIr3hI apane vAsanAmUlaka sambandhoM se Upara uThakara raMgIna cazme se jhAMkanA chor3akara mahAvIra ke prema kA AsvAda le / usa prema meM rAga aura dveSa donoM hI nahIM hai / savake prati eka hI bhAva -- eka rasatA--grantaraMgatA / aisI mAnasika sthiti bana jAne para bhalA kisI kA koI zatru raha sakatA hai ? 'mitti meM savvamuenu' kA tattva zabdoM se nahIM grAcaraNa se prakaTa ho jAyagA / yuvA pIr3hI mahAvIra ke jIvana kI tapasyA, sAdhanA Adi se preraNA le aura usakA anusaraNa kare to nissaMdeha nakzA kucha aura hI najara Aye / krAMti kI naI prarthavattA : mahAvIra kI krAMti kevala vArmika kSetra taka hI sImita nahIM thI / vastutaH krAMti kI koI sImA nahIM hotI / mahAvIra ne vicAra aura grAcAra donoM hI pakSoM meM krAMti kI / krAMti kA artha tor3aphor3a, hiMsA yAdi nahI hotA / yaha artha to bhrAMti ke kAraNa hotA hai krAMti kA matalaba hai parivartana / rUr3higata paramparAoM, prathAtroM aura dhAraNAtroM me deha, kAla, kSetra ke anusAra parivartana hI krAMti kahalAtA hai / yuvA pIr3hI yAja krAMti kI bAta karatI hai kintu isake pUrva use mahAvIra kI krAMtikArI bhAvanAoM, vicAroM evaM kAryo ko samajha lenA zreyaskara hogA | mahAvIra kI krAMti kevala zAbdika athavA cintana ke ekAMgI pakSa kI nahI thI balki unhoMne apane vicAroM ko trAcAra meM pahale utArA aura phira duniyA ke samakSa vicAra rkhe| mahAvIra ne dhArmika kSetra meM yajJa, balidAna, brAhmaNavAda evaM pAkhaNDoM para prahAra kara AtmA kI sarvocca sattA kA digdarzana karA kara abhinava krAMti kI / vyakti svAtantrya evaM zrAtmazakti ke jAgaraNa kA saMdeza mahAvIra ne hI diyA / isake pUrva bhagavAn se manuSya apekSA karatA thA, kintu mahAvIra ne zrAtmA kI ananta zakti ko pahacAnane kA mArga batAte hue insAna ko hI bhagavAn batAyA / kitanI bar3I krAMtikArI vAta kahI hai mahAvIra ne / manuSya kI supupta cetanA, mAnasika gulAmI evaM AtmahInatA kI bhAvanA ko mahAvIra ne apane cintana se dUra kiyA, yuvApIr3hI mahAvIra ke ima cintana se preraNA le sakatI hai /

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yuvA pIr3hI mahAvIra se kyA preraNA le ? 267 sAmAjika kSetra meM mahAvIra ne jAtapAMta, chugrAchUta, amIra-garIba ke bheda ko miTAkara krAnti kii| unhoMne varNa vyavasthA para AdhArita vaidika saMskRti ko nahIM sviikaaraa| jAti se ucca aura nIca nahIM balki vyakti apane karma aura AcaraNa se hI hIna athavA mahAn bana sakatA hai| yuvApIr3hI Aja bhI mahAvIra ke ina vicAroM se preraNA lekara deza kI jAtIyatA, chuvAchUta Adi vyAdhiyAM miTA sakatI hai| mahAvIra ne nArI jAti ko purupoM ke samAna adhikAra diyA-unheM puruSoM se bhinna nahIM mAnA / nArI svAtaMtrya kI bAta karane vAlI yuvApIr3hI mahAvIra se preraNA le sakatI hai ki unhoMne apane zAsana meM sAdhviyoM ko dIkSA dI evaM sAdhanA ke mArga meM samAnatA kA mArga prazasta kiyA / sAmyavAdI, samAjavAdI, vAmamArgI, dakSiNa paMthI Adi aneka rAjanaitika saMgaThana Arthika asamAnatA ko naSTa karane ke lie apane dalagata vicAra rakhate haiN| mArksa aura lenina ke siddhAMtoM ko uddhata kara usake anusAra sAmyavAda yA samAjavAda lAne kA cintana kiyA jA rahA hai| yuvApIr3hI yadi mahAvIra ke darzana ko thor3A-sA bhI par3he to unheM lagegA ki mArksa kA siddhAMta mahAvIra ke cintana ke samakSa adhUrA hai| jahAM mArksa sampatti ko vAMTane ko kahatA hai vahAM mahAvIra parigraha ko hI pApa mAnakara saMgraha se dUra rahane para bala dete haiN| mahAvIra ke darzana meM to svAmitva hI nahIM hai| jahAM svAmitva hI nahIM hai vahAM kauna kisako degA aura kauna kisase legA? sava apane Apa mAlika hote haiN| Arthika kSetra meM jisa krAMtikArI cintana kA sUtrapAta mahAvIra ne kiyA hai yadi use hama samajhakara apanA sakeM to vizva kI aneka samasyAeM hala ho sakatI haiN| prAkroza kA nayA Aloka : yuvA pIr3hI mahAvIra ke jIvana aura darzana se bahuta kucha preraNA le sakatI hai| mahAvIra kA darzana traikAlika satya hai / vaha kabhI purAnA nahIM par3atA, kabhI mahatvahIna nahIM ho sakatA / hajAroM varSoM ke bAda Aja vizva jisa sarvanAza kI coTI para khar3A hai usase vacAne ke lie mahAvIra kA upadeza hI eka mAtra mArga hai| yuvApIr3hI apane Akroza ko vyakta karane ke pUrva use smjhe| jina kAraNoM se usakA vidroha hai una kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa kare aura mahAvIra ke jIvana evaM darzana se una samasyAoM kA samAdhAna DhUDhe / yadi yuvApIr3hI isa dizA meM thor3A bhI prayAsa karegI to usakA mAnasika asaMtopa saMtoSa meM badala jAyegA-usakA vidroha nirmANa kI ora agrasara hogA / hameM AzA karanI cAhie ki hamArI yuvA pIr3hI eka bAra kevala mahAvIra ke jIvana-darzana aura sAhitya ko par3ha hI laigI / sAhitya evaM siddhAnta ko jAnanA pahalI zarta hai / usake bAda usa para cintana, manana evaM vicAra honA hI cAhie / yuvApIr3hI buddhimAna hai, tarka sampanna hai aura samajha kara usake pIche khapane meM samartha hai| isalie usake jIvana meM mahAvIra pAlokastambha siddha hoMgepraska hoNge|

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46 loka sAMskRtika cetanA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra * zrI zrIcaMda jaina man loka saMskRti ke pratiSThApaka bhagavAna mahAvIra : bhagavAna mahAvIra kA samasta jIvana loka saMskRti ke saMrakSaNa meM bItA aura unhoMne apanI jIvana-sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se loka saMskRti ke virave ko aisA siMcita kiyA ki vaha sudRr3ha vana gayA tathA kisI bhI prakAra kA AghAta ise prabhAvita nahIM kara sakA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne loka bhASA ko apanAyA / loka jIvana ko prazasta evaM sacetana bnaayaa| bhAratIya loka saMskRti tyAga aura saMyama kI saMskRti hai / jIvana kI saccI sundaratA aura suSamA saMyatAcaraNa meM hai, bAharI susajjA aura vAsanA pUrti meM nhiiN| jina bhogopabhogoM meM lipta ho mAnava apane Apa taka ko bhUla jAtA hai vaha jarA aAMkheM kholakara dekhe ki ve usake jIvana ke amara tattva ko kisa prakAra jIrNa-zIrNa aura vikRta banA DAlate haiN| jIvana meM tyAga ko jitanA adhika prazraya milegA, jIvana utanA hI sukhI zAnta aura udbuddha hogaa| bhAratIya mAnasa meM tyAga ke lie sadA se UMcA sthAna rahA hai| yahI to kAraNa hai ki tyAga-parAyaNa saMtoM kA yahAM sadA Adara rahA hai / yaha vyakti kA Adara nahIM hai, yaha to tyAga kA samAdara hai| santoM ke jIvana se Apa tyAga kI preraNA lIjie, jIvana ko saMyama kI ora unmukha kiijie| isI meM jIvana kI saccI saphalatA hai| mAnA ki pratyeka vyakti tyAga ko jIvana meM sampUrNataH utAra sake yaha saMbhava nahIM para jitanA ho sake apanI ora se use apane Apako jyAdA tyAgI aura saMyamonmukha banAnA cAhie / tyAga se ghabarAie mata, use nAga mata samajhie / vaha to jIvana zuddhi mUlaka saMjIvanI bUTI hai / usa ora var3hie, sAtvikatA se pUrNa nayA jIvana, nayA proja, nayI kAnti aura nayI zakti pAie / ' . loka saMskRti meM. prANimAtra ke kalyANa kI bhAvanA vidyamAna hai| phalataH isakI komala bhAva-bhUmi meM puSpita dharma sabake lie grAhya hai| jAti vizeSa kA to yahAM prazna uThatA hI nahIM hai / prAcAryoM ne bAra-bAra kahA hai-dharma ko jAti yA kauma meM mata bAMTiye / jAtiyAM sAmAjika sambandhoM ke AdhAra para avasthita haiM / dharma jIvana parimArjana yA Atma 1 prAcArya tulasI : pravacana DAyarI, 1956, pR0 46

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..: .. .. ': loka sAMskRtika cetanA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra 266. zodhana kI yukti hai| vahAM hindU aura musalamAna kA bheda nahIM hai| dharma vaha zAzvata tattva hai, jisakA anugamana karane kA prANI mAtra ko adhikAra hai| sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA kI usameM guMjAiza nahIM / jahAM bheda dRSTi ko pramukhatA dI jAtI hai. vahAM sAmpradAyika jhagar3e aura saMgharSa paidA hote haiM / cUki vibhinna sampradAyoM meM bheda ke bajAya abheda-samAnatA ke tattva adhika haiM ataH unako mukhyatA dete hue dharma ke jIvana-zuddhi mUlaka AdarzoM para calanA pratyeka vyakti kA kartavya hai / aisA hone se ApasI saMgharpa, vidvapa aura jhagar3e khar3e. hI nahIM hoNge|' - loka saMskRti ke parama pracAraka evaM paripopaka, bhagavAna mahAvIra ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki janma se koI UMcA aura nIcA nahIM hotaa| UMcApana aura nIcIpanaM to apane-apane karmoM para hai / jo satkarma karatA hai, apane ko pApoM se burAiyoM se bacAye rakhatA haiM vaha vAstava meM UcA hai / jo hiMsA, asatya, prAdi aMsatu karmoM meM lipta rahatA hai, UMce kula meM paidA hone para bhI usameM UcApana kahA~ / / ... ..... ! ....... :: ...... bhAratIyaM loka-saMskRti kA yaha udhopa hai ki prAtmA hI svayaM kA uddhAraka hai| aura vahI karma-mala ne svaccha hokara paramAtmA bana jAtA hai / jaina dharma kA yaha karmavAdI siddhAnta loka-saMskRti meM pUrNarUpeNa vyavahRta hai| puruSArtha yahAM pUrNa AsthA se gRhIta hai / pariNAmasvarUpa mAnava kA utthAna-patana usake kartavyoM ke pAlana athavA vismRta karane para AdhArita hai| tabhI to bhagavAna ne kahA hai-yAtmA hI sukha duHkha kA kartA-vikartA hai| vaha apanA mitra hai, yadi vaha satprayukta hai / vaha apanA zatru hai yadi vaha duSprayukta hai / vaha svayaM apanA tAraka hai, apanA uddhAraka hai| dUsarA koI nhiiN| .:.:..:::..: : ... vyavahAra kI bhApA meM guru aAdi pUjya janoM ke prati jo kahA jAtA hai ki Apa hameM tArane vAle haiM, hamArA uddhAra karane vAle haiM, vaha hRdaya kI bhakti aura vinaya kA paricAyaka hai / vastutaH tAranA, jIvana ko UMcA uThAnA, girAnA, vikAroM meM par3anA yaha to mAnava ko apanI jimmedArI hai / jaisA vaha karegA, pAyegA / guru mArga-darzaka hai / vaha saccI unnati kA mArga batAtA hai| vyakti yadi usa mArga para Atmavala aura utsAha ke sAtha Age bar3hatA hai to apane jIvana vikAsa ke lakSya meM saphalatA pAtA hai / nizcayataH jo saMskRti mAnava ke mAnavatva ko samajhe tathA usake pariSkAra ke liye satata prayatnazIla rahe vaha samIcIna saMskRti hai / bhAratIya saMskRti isI bhAvabhUmi para pratiSThita hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI kA pratyeka akSara isI loka saMskRti kI AtmA kA paricAyaka hai / sava sukhI raheM, sava sampanna baneM, saba apane utkarSa meM saMlagna raheM aura saba eka dUsare ko - apanA bhAI mAneM / ye maMtra isI saMskRti ke zAzvata svara haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sAMskRtika cetanA ko jAgRta rakhane ke lie aparigraha ke sambandha meM bahuta kucha kahA~ / satya ko saMskRti kA prAdhAra stambha mAnakara unhoMne sacAI kI svayaM khoja kI aura apane bhaktoM evaM sAdhakoM 1. pravacana DAyarI, 1956, pR0:46 / :: . . . . . . . . . ....

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sAMskRtika saMdarbha ko satya ke anvepaNa meM lagAyA hai| kyA yaha prayAsa loka saMskRti ke utthAna meM parama sahAyaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ? bhagavAn mahAvIra ne batAyA-satya kI khoja karo, usakA vizleSaNa karo, jIvana ko tadunukUla DhAMce meM DhAlo / dUsaroM ko kaSTa mata do, zopaNa mata kro| kitanA acchA ho, ina Adarzo para Aja kA mAnava calane lage / yadi aisA huA to jIvana ko jarjarita banAne vAlI samasyAeM svataH nirmUla ho jaaeNgii| vizvamaitrI kA vicAra bhAratIya saMskRti meM usI prakAra samAyA huyA hai jisa prakAra dUdha meM ghI sannihita hai| isa pAvana maitrI ko sAkAra banAne ke lie hiMsA tathA parigraha donoM kA parityAga Avazyaka hai| hiMsA vidveSa ko bar3hAtI hai| jana-jana kI bhAvanA ko kalupita karatI hai aura jana-mAnasa meM virodha kI Aga ko prajjvalita karatI rahatI hai| isI prakAra parigraha nArakIya yAtanA ko janma detA hai tathA mAnava ko dAnavatva kI agni meM jalane ke lie vAdhya karatA hai / ataH hiMsA aura parigraha kI duSpravRtti ko dUra karane se hI vizva maitrI pratiphalita hogii| isakA pratiphalana hI loka saMskRti ko jIvita rakha skegaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-hiMsA aura parigraha ye donoM satya kI upalabdhi meM vAdhAeM haiM / inheM nahIM tyAgane vAlA dhArmika nahIM bana sakatA / duHkha ke bAharI upacAra se duHkha ke mUla kA vinAza nahIM hotaa| jaisA ki pUrva meM nivedana kiyA jA cukA hai ki yaha bhAratIya saMskRti kI vizAla saritA aneka pravAhoM se vegavatI vanI hai| isameM prArya evaM anArya tattvoM ke sAtha jaina vicAroM kA bhI pUrNa samanvaya huA hai / saMskRti eka pravAha hai, vaha calatA rahe tava taka ThIka hai| gati rukane kA artha hai usakI mRtyu / phira durgandha ke atirikta aura kucha milane kA nahIM hai| pravAha meM aneka tattva ghule-mile rahate haiN| eka rasa ho bar3hate cale jAte haiM / bhAratIya saMskRti kI yahI AtmakathA hai / vaha aneka dhArAgoM meM pravAhita huI hai| kitane hI dharma aura darzana-prasaMgoM se anuprANita bhArata kA sAMskRtika jIvana apane Apa meM akhaNDa banA huA hai / kisakI kyA dena hai isakA nirvAcana Aja sulabha nahIM, phira bhI sUkSma dRSTA kucha eka tathyoM ko na pakar3a sakeM aisI bAta nahIM hai| saMyamamUlaka jaina vicAradhArA kA bhAratIya jIvana para spaSTa prativimba par3A hai / vyAvahArika jIvana vaidika vicArAdhArA se pravAhita hai to antaraMga jIvana jaina vicAroM se / zatAbdiyoM pUrva race gae eka zloka se isakI puSTi hotI hai "vaidiko vyavahartavyaH kartavyaH punarAhataH" jaina vicAroM kA utsa jJAna aura kriyA kA saMgama hai| jAnane aura karane meM kisI eka kI upekSA yA apekSA nahIM / jJAna kA kSetra khulA hai| karma kA sUtra yaha nahIM ki sava kucha karo valki yaha hai ki jo kucha karo viveka se kro| sAdhanA ke prati prema hai to pUrNa saMyama karo / gRhasthI meM rahanA hai to sImA karo / icchA ke dAsa mata bano, Avazyaka

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loka sAMskRtika cetanA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra tAloM ke pIche mata par3o / AvazyakatAoM ko kama karo, vRttiyoM ko sImita karo / eka zabda meM grAvazyakatA pUrti ke lie saba kucha mata karo / bhAratIya jIvana para yaha jaina vicAroM kI amiTa chApa hai / hiMsA ke binA jIvana nahIM calatA, phira bhI yathA saMbhava hiMsA se bacanA jIvana ke dainika vyavahAra, khAna-pAna se lekara bar3e se bar3e kArya tathA hiMsA-ahiMsA kA viveka rakhanA bhAratIya saMskRti kA eka pahalU hai, jo jaina praNAlI kA grAbhArI hai / ' bhagavAn mahAvIra kI jIvana-sAdhanA meM loka sAMskRtika tattva : - loka-saMskRti ke abhinna aMga haiM - garbha, janma, vivAhAdi se sambaddha saMskAra evaM utsava, zakunApazakuna, zApa-svapna, svapna-vicAra, upasarga atizaya prAtihArya, yAdi / bhagavAn mahAvIra yoM to loka saMskRti ke pramukha grAdhAra haiM hI sAtha hI sAtha unake pAvana jIvana kI pUrNa gAyA saMskRti ke vividha bhAgoM kA eka manorama kalpavRkSa hai / paM0 sumerucaMdra divAkara ne apane prasiddha graMtha 'tIrthaMkara' meM tIrthaMkaroM ke garbha janma yAdi ke saMskAra samanvita utsavoM kI vizada carcA kI hai / isa sandarbha meM grAcArya zrI hastImala jI mahArAja dvArA praNIta 'jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa' prathama bhAga ( tIrthaMkara khaNDa ) vizeSa rUpa se paThanIya hai / 'vihAra aura naukAroharaNa' zIrSaka ke grantargata batAyA gayA hai ki zvetAmbikA se bihAra kara bhagavAn surabhipura kI ora cale / bIca meM gaMgA nadI vaha rahI thI / grataH gaMgA pAra karane ke lie prabhu ko naukA meM baiThanA pdd'aa| naukA ne jyoM hI prayAraNa kiyA tyoMhI dAhinI ora se ullU ke zabda sunAI diye / unako sunakara naukA para savAra khemila nimittajJa ne kahA- bar3A saMkaTa grAne vAlA hai / para isa mahApuruSa ke pravala puNya se hama saba vaca jAyeMge | ( pR0 374) 'mahAvIra purANa' meM aneka zakunApazakuna carcita haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI jananI trizalA ke svapnoM kI jaina zAstroM meM vizeSa carcA hai / isI prakAra sAdhanA kAla meM prabhu ( bhagavAn mahAvIra ) ke daza svapna vizeSa rUpa se batAye gae haiM / bhagavAn ne nimnastha svapna dekhe the--2 ( 1 ) eka tAr3a - pizAca ko apane hAthoM pachAr3ate dekhA / (2) zveta puMskokila una kI sevA meM upasthita hai / (3) vicitra varNa vAlA puMskokila sAmane dekhA / (4) daidIpyamAna do ratna mAlAeM dekhI / (5) eka zveta gauvarga sammukha khar3A dekhA / (6) vikasita padma-sarovara dekhA / 301 (7) apanI bhujAoM se mahAsamudra ko tairate hue apane zrApako dekhA / (8) vizva ko prakAzita karate hue sahasra kiraNa sUrya ko dekhA / ( 8 ) vaidUrya-varaNa sI apanI prAMtoM se mAnuSottara parvata ko veSTita karate dekhA / (10) apane Apa ko merU para AroharaNa karate dekhA / 1 pravacana DAyarI, 1956, pR0 145 2 jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, prathama bhAga, pR0 368

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sAMskRtika saMdarbha ye svapna prabhu ke mahAn utkarSa ke paricAyaka the / bhayAvaha upasargoM se to bhagavAn kA sAdhanA-kAla ghirA huA rahA lekina merU ke samAna sthira prabhu ina se (upasargo se ) kabhI bhayAtura na hue / pratizaya puNyotkarSa kI gramiTa kahAnI hai / tIrthakara bhakti meM bhagavAn ke cauMtIsa atizaya' kahe gae haiN| unake lie 'cautIsa pratizaya-visesa saMjutANaM pada kA prayoga prAyA hai / 1. i 302 prAtihArya mahApuNyazAlI vyaktitva ke amara zRMgAra haiM jo loka saMskRti ko vaibhava-: maya banAte haiM / ye grATha mAne gae haiM / tIrthaMkara bhagavAn samavazaraNa meM grapTa prAtihArya se samalaMkRta rahate haiM / ina prAtihAryo kI pUrva chaTA kA jaina granthoM meM bhavya varNana hai / ,3 parama tapasvI evaM mahA prabhu bhagavAn mahAvIra kI upamAeM jisa rUpa meM prastuta kI gaI haiM tathA unameM prayukta upamAna loka jIvana se hI gRhIta haiM jo loka saMskRti ko naisargika supamA ke pratIka kahe jA sakate haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI viziSTatA zAstra meM nimna upamAnoM se batAI gaI haiM-- Or ru pra APP (1) kAMsya pAtra kI taraha nirlepa (2) zaMkha kI taraha niraMjana, rAgaH rahita / ; (3.) jIva kI taraha apratihata gati : (4) gagana kI taraha grAlaMbana rahitaH // (5) vAyu kI taraha prativaddha 22 1 mkI (6) zarada Rtu ke svaccha jala kI taraha nirmalaH / (7) kamala patra ke samAna bhoga meM nirlepa / ( 8 ) kacchapa ke samAna jitendriya 1. (e) gedde kI taraha rAga-dvepa se rahita ekAkI / (10) pakSI kI taraha aniyamita vihArI / (11) bhAraNDa kI taraha apramatta 2825 (12) ucca jAtIya gajendra ke samAna zUra 1 (13) vRSabha ke samAna parAkramI ya (14) siMha kI taraha durddharpaM / (15) sumerU kI taraha parIpahoM ke bIca pracala (16) sAgara kI taraha gaMbhIra / (17) candravat saumya / 1 samavAyAMga sUtra 1 2 FANTA Di (1) puSpa varSA (2) dubhinAda (6) azoka taru ( 7 ) siMhAsana ( 8 ) bhAmaNDala 3 grAcArya zrI hastImala jI mahArAja : jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 367 / aa (3) camara (4) chatra (5) divya dhvani

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303 loka sAMskRtika cetanA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra (18) sUryavat tejsvii| (16) svarga kI taraha kAntimAna / (20) pRthvI ke samAna sahiSNu / (21) agni kI taraha jAjvalyamAna tejasvI / saMta-vANI aura loka saMskRti : santoM dvArA prayukta udAharaNa-zailI pUrNa rUpeNa loka saMskRti para AdhArita hai / santa-kAvya meM loka-saMskRti zIrpaka nivandha meM ThIka hI kahA gayA hai ki ina mahAna yugacetAoM (santoM) kI vANI loka-jIvana ke tattvoM se prabhAvita hai tathA jana-bhAvanA kA pUrNa prativimba isameM AcchAdita hai / loka-sAMskRtika cetanA ina santoM ke vicAra vinamaya se hI prabhAvazAlI evaM preraNAsrota banI hai| santoM kI aprastuta yojanA loka-tatvoM yA loka-saMskRti ke atyanta nikaTa hai / unakI pratIka-yojanA jana-jIvana se grahaNa kI gaI hai / carakhA, sUpa, jhInI cadariyA, sAr3I, kumhAra, raMgareja, rahaTAM, vyAghra, madhukara, koTharI, cora, panihArina, badariyA, DholanahAra, dhvajA, machalI, paMchI, hAthI, mataMga dIpaka, caMdana, kachayA, baniyA, vaidya, hAthI, dIpaka, haMsa, kahAra, pUta, mahatArI, sUramA, tathA kuA Adi kucha aise zabda haiM jo loka jIvana, aura loka bhASA se grahaNa kie gae haiM parantu phira bhI ye pratIkoM ke rUpa meM vejor3a sAbita hote haiM / inake dvArA jo zabda citra yA bhAva vyakta kiye gae haiM ve bar3e hI prabhAvazAlI aura manoraMjaka hai / santa kavi rUpakoM ke vidhAna meM bar3e kuzala aura catura the| inake rUpaka aura anyoktiyoM kI racanA loka tattvoM yA loka saMskRti ke AdhAra para haI hai| dhyAna dene yogya vAta yaha hai ki inakI aprastuta yojanA jitanI jana-jIvana ke nikaTa hai utanI hI yathArtha aura prabhAvazAlI hai| isa kathana ke Aloka meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI meM prayukta aprastuta yojanA, rUpaka, anyoktiyoM aura loka saMskRti ke avinazvara svaroM se mukharita haiM / yahAM kucha udAharaNa draSTavya hai vittaNa tANaM na labhe pamatte, isamma loe aduvA parattha / dIvappaNaLe va aNaMta mohe, naiyAuyaM chubhadaThumeva ||uttraavyyn 4.5 / / arthAt pramAdI puruSa dhana dvArA na isa loka meM apanI rakSA kara sakatA hai na paraloka meN| phira bhI dhana ke asIma moha se jaise dIpaka ke bujha jAne para manuSya mArga ko ThIka-ThIka nahIM dekha sakatA usI prakAra pramAdI purupa nyAya-mArga ko dekhate hue bhI nahIM dekhatA / .1 santa kAvya meM loka saMskRti (samAja, akTUbara, 58) pR0 455

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304 sAMskRtika saMdarbha chaMda niroheNa uvei mokkhaM, Ase jahA sikkhi ya vammadhArI / punvAiM vAsAI care'ppamatte, tamhAmuNI khippamuvei mokkhaM // uttarAvyayana 4.8 arthAt jaisA sadhA hA kavaca dhArI ghor3A yuddha meM vijaya prApta karatA hai usI prakAra muni dIrgha kAla taka apramatta rUpa se saMyama kA pAlana karatA huyA zIghra hI mokSa pAtA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra apane zramaNoM ko vAravAra yahI upadeza dete the ki he prAyupmAna zramaNoM ! indriya-nigraha kro| sote, uThate, vaiThate sadA jAgarUka raho aura eka kSaNa bhara bhI pramAda na karo, na jAne kaba kauna sA pralobhana Akara tumheM lakSyacyuta karade / ataeva jaise apane Apa ko Apatti se bacAne ke lie, kachayA apane aMga pratyaMgoM ko apanI khopar3I meM chipA letA hai, usI prakAra apane mana para kAbU rakkho aura apanI caMcala manovRttiyoM ko idhara-udhara jAne se roko / bhagavAn ne samaya-samaya para jo upadeza apane sAdhakoM ko die haiM unheM sugama banAne ke hetu kisAna, julAhA, panihArina, vaizya, gAya, vRpabha, vRkSa, jhoMpar3I thAlI, kaTorA, panaghaTa, grAma, vaila, mATI, hala Adi ke udAharaNa dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM prayukta kiye hai| vastutaH jaina dharma eka loka-dharma hai jisameM loka kI AtmA sthApita hai| aisI paristhiti meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ko loka saMskRti kA saMrakSaka kahanA sarvathA satya hai / yaha dhyAna rakhane kI bAta hai ki jaina bhikSu vinA kisI bheda bhAva ke ucca kuloM ke sAtha gvAloM, nAI, bar3haI, julAhe grAdi ke kuloM se bhI bhikSA grahaNa karate haiM / isase jaina zramaNoM kI janasAdhAraNa taka pahuMcane kI anupama sAdha aura bhAvanA kA paricaya milatA hai| ina bhikSuoM ne nissaMdeha mahAn tyAga kiyA thA / loka-kalyANa ke lie apane Apa ko utsarga kara dene kA itanA ucca Adarza bahuta durlabha hai|

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50 bhASAoM kA prazna : mahAvIra kA dRSTikoNa zrI mAIdayAla * bhASAoM kA prazna : bhASAtroM kA prazna itanA jaTila aura pecIdA pahale kabhI nahIM thA, jitanA vaha zrAja ke yuga meM hai / prAcIna, madhyakAla va Adhunika kAla kI unnIsavIM zatAbdI kI to bAta hI dUsarI hai, pichale pacAsa-sATha varSo meM hI saMsAra ke bar3e choTe dezoM meM to rAja-vyavasthA, zAsana praNAlI, grartha-vyavasthA, samAja vyavasthA, vijJAna, zilpa vijJAna ( TeknolAjI ) aura sainika vijJAna (miliTrI sAinsa) Adi meM mahAna parivartana hue haiM / grAja yAtAyAta aura saMcAra sAdhanoM se saMsAra ke deza itane samIpa A gae haiM ki duniyA bahuta choTI-sI vana gaI hai / antarrASTrIya sambandhoM kA kSetra itanA vizAla ho gayA hai ki yadi kisI bar3e yA mahattvapUrNa deza meM koI ghaTanA hotI hai, to usa kA grAsa-pAsa ke dezoM para vizeSatayA, va sava dezoM para sAdhAraNatayA prabhAva par3e vinA nahIM raha sakatA / aura aba to zraNuzakti, rAkeToM va grantarikSa yAtrA Adi ke kAraNa jamAne kI cintanadhArA hI vadala gayI hai / bhaviSya meM isakA kyA pariNAma hogA, yaha vatAnA kaThina hai / ina sava parivartanoM ke kAraNa mAnava jAti kI vicAradhArA, rahana-sahana va sabhyatA Adi meM to krAnti sI zrA gayI hai / bhApAeM bhI usake prabhAva se baca nahIM sakI haiM / bhApA zAstriyoM kA mata hai ki bhASA eka sthitipAlaka ( Conservative ) viSaya hai, usameM parivartana bar3e dhIre-dhIre hotA hai / para usa prabhAva se vaha dera taka nahIM baca sakatI / Aja saMsAra kI sabhI vikasita va vikAsazIla bhASAoM para usakA prabhAva par3a rahA hai | bhASA prajita sampatti hai : pratyeka vyakti apanI mAM, parivAra yA apanI saMgati meM Ane vAle vyaktiyoM se anya paramparAgata sampattiyoM ke samAna bhASA ko bhI prApta karatA hai / hara eka vyakti, samAja yA rASTra ko apanI bhASA se moha hotA hai / bhASA eka arjita sampatti bhI hai / grarjana se paramparAgata bhASA kA parimArjana aura mAtRbhASA kA kSetra vistAra hotA hai / vaha dusarI boliyoM aura bhApAtroM ke zabda grahaNa karatI hai / bhASA eka sAmAjika vastu hai, vyaktigata nahIM | vaha kisI eka vyakti yA kucha logoM ke dvArA nahIM banAyI jAtI / vidvAn, vyApArI, kisAna, majadUra, nara-nArI aura bhinna-bhinna vyavasAyoM ko karane vAle Adi use bar3hAte rahate

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306 sAMskRtika saMbaMdha haiM / vibhinna udyogoM va AviSkAroM, zilpa vijJAna, aura TeknolAjI se vaha nirantara bar3ha rahI hai / bhApA sadA hI vikAsonmukha tathA arjanazIla rahatI hai| vikAsa kA nAma hI parivartana hai| parivartana kabhI vRddhi ke rUpa meM hotA hai, to kabhI hrAsa ke rUpa meN| bhApA apane nae-nae rUpa, artha tathA naI dhvaniyoM Adi ko sthAna detI hai, sAtha hI inameM se pahale kucha rUpoM Adi ko chor3atI bhI jAtI hai / bhApA kI prakRti hI Age bar3hane kI hai / usakA koI aMtima rUpa nahIM hotA / vaidika saMskRta, uttara saMskRta, pAlI, prAkRta, apabhraMza tathA Adhunika Arya bhApAyoM ke rUpa meM vaha lagAtAra Age hI Age bar3hatI jA rahI hai| jahAM usakI aitihAsika paramparA akSuNNa hai, vahAM arjana svabhAva ke kAraNa yA paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa usameM parivartana bhI Ate rahate haiN| bhApA ko banAne vAle to sAdhAraNa strI-puruSa kisAna, majadUra, vyApArI yA vyAvasAyika loga hote haiM / zikSita varga to bhApA kA saMskAra karatA hai| aura usa saMskAra ke pUrNa hone taka bhApA ke naisagika kSetra meM usakI apratihata avicchanna dhArA pravAha karatI huI vahuta Age bar3ha jAtI hai| udAharaNa ke taura para aMgrejI aura hindI meM pichale sau-do-sau varSoM meM kitanA parivartana ho gayA hai| prazna ke aneka pahalU : bhApAtroM kA prazna bhArata meM kaI dRSTikoNoM se mahattvapUrNa bana gayA hai| zikSA ke mAdhyama ke rUpa meM mAtRbhApA kA vizeSa sthAna hai / prazAsana ke lie bhI prAdezika bhASAoM kA mahatva hai / para akhila bhAratIya prazAsana, ucca zikSA, vaijJAnika zikSA, zilpa vijJAna, sarvocca nyAyAlaya, kendra va pradezoM ke pArasparika patra-vyavahAra Adi ke lie to rASTra bhApA kA mahatva mAnanA hI hogA / usake lie saMvidhAna meM hindI ko devanAgarI lipi meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / parantu isa nirNaya ko kAryAnvita karane ke rAste meM aneka rukAvaTeM A gayI haiM, jaise rAjanItijJoM kI cAleM, rojagAra kA prazna, bahusaMkhyakoM va alpasaMkhyakoM kA prazna, sampradAyoM vizeSakara musalamAnoM va sikkhoM kI bhASAoM kA prazna Adi / samasyA ko sulajhAne ke liye bhApAvAra-pradeza banAe gae the, para ve bhASAvAda ke gar3ha bana gae haiM aura vahAM bhApA ke nAma para jo jhagar3e-phisAda va Andolana hote haiM, ve sarvavidita haiM / bhASA ke prazna cher3anA madhumakkhI ke chatte meM hAtha DAlane ke samAna hai / hindI va prAdezika bhApAtroM ke vikAsa meM pUrNa rUpa se koI prayatna nahIM ho rahA hai| sarakArI mazIna calAne vAle prazAsaka cAhate haiM ki unheM vanI banAyI bhApA mila jAye, to ThIka, varanA unake pAsa aMgrejI hai hI / aMgrejI kA mohapAza bahuta jakar3ane vAlA hai / bhASA phArmUlA mAnA jarUra gayA, para usa para bhI amala nahIM ho rahA hai / lipi kA prazna : '. lipi kA prazna bhI bhApA ke prazna se jur3A huA hai / sabhI bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM kI lipiyAM alaga-alaga haiN| dakSiNa kI dravir3a bhASAoM-kannar3a tamila, telagu aura malayAlama kI lipiyAM bhI alaga-alaga haiM / isa lipi bheda ke kAraNa bhASAoM meM AdAnapradAna meM kaThinAI par3atI hai / Aja mudraNa kalA itanI unnata va teja ho gayI hai ki usake lie bhAratIya lipiyoM meM bar3e saMzodhana kI AvazyakatA hai / mahAtmA gAMdhI va paMDita javAharalAla

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307 bhASAnoM kA prazna : mahAvIra kA dRSTikoNa.. neharU kI sammati thI ki - kama se kama Adhunika bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM, jaise hindI, gujarAtI, baMgalA, ur3iyA, gurumukhI va urdU Adi ko devanAgarI lipi meM likhA jAe aura dravir3a bhASAoM ke lie eka lipi apanAI jAe / para bhASAoM ke moha ke samAna lipiyoM kA moha yA bhUta bhI hamAre dezavAsiyoM ke sira para savAra hai / ve bhUtakAla meM calate haiM, AgAmI bhaviSya-lamve bhaviSya meM vicaranA nahIM cAhate / kucha netA romana lipi' ko thopane kA prayatna karate haiN| cIna meM bhArata se jyAdA janasaMkhyA-sattara karor3a hai, vahAM bhASAeM bhI bhArata se adhika haiM / para unake yahAM jo citra lipi hai, usake kAraNa par3hane likhane vAloM ko koI kaThinAI nahIM hotii| vaise ava vahAM bhI romana lipi ko apanAyA jA rahA hai| lipi sudhAra kI dizA meM bahuta kAma hone kI jarUrata hai| prAcArya vinobA bhAve devanAgarI lipi meM sudhAra karane va saba bhASAoM meM use apanAne kI dizA meM prayatnazIla haiM, para aba ve itane vRddha ho gae haiM ki vicAra dene ke sivAya ve sakriya rUpa se kucha karane meM asamartha haiN| unake vicAra ko amalI rUpa dene ke lie bhASA pracArakoM ke dala TImeM) caahie| antarASTrIya sambandha va bhASA: ' Aja hamAre deza ke antarrASTrIya sambandha itane bar3ha gae haiM ki sabhI dezoM se hamAre vyApArika, rAjanItika, rAjanayika aura sAMskRtika sambandha va samajhaute haiM / aMgrejI zAsana kAla meM yahAM aMgrejI se kAma calatA thA, Aja vaha bhI hai / para Aja hamAre vidvAnoM ko jarmana, phrAMsIsI, rUsI, lAtInI, aravI, phArasI, cInI va jApAnI bhASAeM Adi bhI sIkhanI par3a rahI haiM : saMyukta rASTra saMgha meM aMgrejI, phrAMsIsI, rUsI, spenizaM aura cInI bhASAoM meM kAma hotA hai / vahAM anuvAda kI aisI vyavasthA hai ki eka bhASA ke bhASANa kA anuvAda sAtha-sAtha anya cAroM bhASAMtoM meM hotA rahatA hai / yaha TeknolAjI kA camatkAra hai / yadyapi saMsAra kA AdhA patra-vyavahAra aMgrejI meM hotA hai, para vijJAna, zilpa vijJAna ke anusaMdhAna sambandhI lekha, prabandha, paripatra, Adi aMgrejI ke atirikta jarmana, rUsI va. phrAMsIsI meM hote haiM / Aja zilpa vijJAna Adi antarrASTrIya viSaya bana gae haiN| isalie videzI bhASAoM kA adhyayana bhI Avazyaka hai / / :.::.:. :. : bhASAvijana ko mana ... ::: - bhASA vijJAna eka tulanAtmaka viSaya hai| yoropIya bhASAoM kA eka parivAra hai, jisameM saMskRta, prAkRta, pAlI, apabhraza, purAnI IrAnI, yUnAnI, lAtInI, Adi purAnI bhASAoM aura aMgrejI, phrAMsIsI, jarmana, naI IrAnI, pazto, hindI, marAThI, baMgalA, gujarAtI, paMjAbI, kazmIrI, sindhI, uDiyA, asamiyA va rAjasthAnI Adi bhASAeM haiN| inameM zabdoM kI bahuta sAmyatA hai| bhASA vijJAna, bhASAoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke vinA Age nahIM var3ha sakatA aura Aja to. 'saMsAra ke sabhI dezoM ke zabda sabhI bhASAoM meM pahuMca rahe haiN| mAnoM, zabdoM kA antarrASTrIya baiMka ho, aura usameM saMva: apanI apanI bhApAnoM ke zabda jamA karAte rahate haiM. aura AvazyakatAnusAra usameM se lete rahate haiN| zabdoM meM varNaviparyaya arthAt varNo meM heraphera, sthAna parivartana, lopa, AgamanaH Adi hotA rahatA haiM, unakI dhvaniyAM . . badalatI rahatI haiN| yahI unakA vikAsa hai| itanA hI nahIM, unake artha bhI badalate rahate ... !

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30 . .. ... . . : sAMskRtika saMdarbha haiM / bhApAoM ke pArasparika sambandhoM va rAjanItika, vyApArika va sAMskRtika sambandhoM ke kAraNa bhApAtroM meM vibhinna zabdoM; saMkara zabdoM yA dogale zabda janma lete rahate haiM, vanate rahate haiM, jaise dhana-daulata, aganavoTa, TikaTaghara, nIlAmaghara, mejapoza Adi / prazna kI jaTilatA: Upara ke samasta vivecana se yaha mAlUma ho gayA hogA ki bhArata meM bhASAoM kA prazna bar3A jaTila hai, pecIdA hai| usake aneka pahalU haiN| jahAM jJAna vijJAna ke pracAra, samasta bhArata ke prazAsana va bhAvAtmaka ekatA (imozanala iMTIgrezana) ke lie hindI ke pUrNa vikAsa kI AvazyakatA hai, vahAM pradezoM kI bhASAoM va alpa saMkhyakoM kI bhASAoM ke vikAsa va saMrakSaNa kI AvazyakatA bhI hai| unakI upekSA nahIM kI jA sktii| bhArata ke sabhI nAgarikoM kA yaha mahAn kartavya hai ki ve apanI bhApA kA sammAna karate hue, dUsarI bhAratIya bhASAoM ke prati bhI AtmIyatA, samabhAva va samAdAra kA vyavahAra kreN| bhApAtroM kI anekatA meM ekatA dekhane kI udAratA va sahiSNutA kI jarUrata hai / yaha eka prakAra se parama dharma hai, mahAn kartavya hai / jaina vidvAn isa kAma meM sahayoga deN| . vahata dina hama bhASAoM ke prazna ko usake sahI rUpa meM dekhane meM asamartha rahe, use ulajhAte rahe, usake nAma para lar3ate-jhagar3ate rahe aura apanA ahita karate rhe| apaneapane dRSTikoNa ko ThIka mAna kara aise kaTTarapanthI bane, ki deza ke dUradarzI netAoM kI bAta para dhyAna hI nahIM diyaa| nihita svArtha deza ke hita para chA gayA, Isa sabakA pariraNAma yaha huA ki bhArata ko svatantra hue paccIsa varSa ho gae, para bhASAoM kA prazna hala hone meM nahIM A rahA hai / kAza, bhAratIya janatA isa prazna ke mahatva ko ThIka samajha kara isako hala karane meM sahAyaka ho / jaina dRSTikoNa : yahAM aba isa prazna ke prati janoM ke dRSTikoNa para vicAra kiyA jaaegaa| prathama tIrthakara bhagavAna RSabhadeva va antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra svAmI ' kA bhASAoM ke prazna para kyA dRSTikoNa aura unakA bhASAoM ko kyA yogadAna thA? jainAcAryo, kaviyoM va lekhakoM ne bhAratIya bhASAoM ke lie kyA kAma kiye ? phira madhyakAlIna bhAratIya bhASAoM va Adhunika bhAratIya bhApAtroM ke lie jaina samAja kyA kara rahA hai aura use kyA karanA cAhie, ina saba bAtoM kA ullekha yahAM ati saMkSepa meM kiyA jaaegaa| bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI, dena : janoM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra prathama tIrthakara bhagavAna AdinAtha ne bhoga bhUmi ke anta me aura karmabhUmi ke prArambha meM 'asi, masi, kRpi' Adi karmoM yA bAtoM ko janatA ko sikhAyA / inameM 'masi' se Azaya likhane par3hane se thA / isa prakAra ve bhApA va vidyAoM ke janmadAtA hue| unhoMne lekha, gaNita, nRtya, sau prakAra kI zilpakalAeM, vahattara purupoM kI kalAeM aura striyoM kI causaTha kalAeM pracalita kii| bhArata kI brAhmI lipi ko janma bhI unhoMne diyA / ye saba prAgaitihAsika bAteM haiM / unase vidvAnoM kA matabheda ho sakatA hai|

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bhASAoM kA prazna : mahAvIra kA dRSTikoNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dRSTikoNa : : isake bAda hama bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke yuga meM zrAte haiM / unhoMne rAja-pATa chor3a kara vairAgya ko apanAyA / usa jamAne meM phailI huI hiMsA kA virodha kiyA / hiMsA kA pracAra kiyA, vicAra-sahiSNutA ke lie anekAnta kA upadeza diyA / para bhASA ke kSetra meM bhI unakA dRSTikoNa usa yuga kI mAnyatA ke viruddha thA / vaha bar3A krAMtikArI aura vidrohAtmaka thA / ve janatA ke kalyANa ke lie janatA kI bhASA meM apanA pravacana, upadeza karate the / yaha jana bhASA usa jamAne kI prAkRta yA arddha mAgadhI bhASA thI / saMskRta brAhmaNoM kI bhASA mAnI jAtI thI / sAdhAraNa janatA use nahIM samajhapAtI thI / para bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ananta jJAna kI bAteM janatA kI bhASA meM hone ke kAraNa sAdhAraNa janatA ke hRdayoM para sIdhA prabhAva DAlatI thI / janatA unake upadezoM se lAbhAnvita hotI thI / 3.06 .: 1 bhASA sambandhI mahAvIra svAmI ke kArya kA mUlyAMkana DaoN0 kAMti kumAra jaina ne bahuta hI sundara zabdoM meM kiyA hai / ve likhate haiM- 'bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pratiSThAna-virodha (Opposition of establishment) kA hI eka pakSa hai, unakI bhASA nIti / varddhamAna mahAvIra ke samaya taka dharma kI bhASA saMskRta banI huI thI, yadyapi sAmAnya janatA se usakA sambandha eka arase TUTA huA thA / janatA jo bolI bolatI aura samajhatI thI, purohita yA dharmAcArya bhI usI meM bolatA, to usakA pAkhaNDa bahuta kucha ujAgara ho jAtA / zAsaka aura zAsita ko pahacAnane kA eka upAya yaha bhI hai ki donoM kI bhASA eka hai yA alagaalaga / zoSita kI bhASA meM bola kara usakA zoSaNa karane meM zAsaka varga ko kaThinAI hotI hai / ataH sAmAnya varga se apanI zreSThatA siddha karane ke lie hI nahIM usakA manamAnI zoSaNa karane ke lie bhI apanI bhASA viziSTa batA kara rakhatA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne yaha bhalIbhAMti jAna liyA thA ki janatA ko dharma ke ThekedAroM ke zikaMjoM se chur3Ane ke lie unheM usa bhASA se bhI mukta karanA hogA jo nihita svArtho kI pratIka bana gayI hai / unhoMne apane dhArmika upadezoM ke lie usa samaya pracalita loka bhASA ko cunA / ve janatA se na to kucha chipAnA cAhate the aura na usase Age calanA cAhate the / ve janatA ko apane sAtha lekara calanA cAhate the / isIlie, mahAvIra ne sacce jana- netA kI bhAMti janatA ko janatA kI bolI meM janatA ke dharma kI zikSA dI / acche jana netA ko apanI bhASA kI uccatA kA dambha bhI chor3anA par3atA hai / mahAvIra ne apane upadezoM ke lie arddha mAgadhI ko cunA - arddhamAgadhI, jo mAgaghI aura zaurasenI donoM ke bIca kI bolI thI / " mahAvIra svAmI ke arddha mAgadhI meM pravacanoM ke kI unnati huI / janatA kA jIvana sahaja svatantra huA bhASA ko samRddhi huI / kAraNa isameM AdhyAtmika sAhitya aura vRddhi nirAmaya huI | loka mahAvIra svAmI ke upadezoM ko arddhamAgadhI meM likhA gyaa| bAda meM dUsare saikar3oM prAcAryoM ne isa bhASA meM sava prakAra ke sAhitya kI racanA kI / usa yuga meM racita kozoM va vyAkaraNoM ke khoja kI jarUrata hai / 1-'tIrthaMkara' varSa 2 - aMka 7, navambara, 1972, pR0 1920 /

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310 . ... sAMskRtika saMdarbhaH . vibhinna bhASAnoM ko dena: ....... mahAvIra svAmI ke vAda uttara bhArata meM to arddhamAgadhI bhApA sAhityika bhApA - vanI / para java samrATa candragupta ke samaya meM vAraha varSa kA durbhikSa par3A, tava dakSiNa meM drAvir3a bhApAeM-kannar3a, tamila, telugu va malayAlama-pracalita thIM / ve boliyoM ke rUpa meM thIM / .... tabhI jaina dharma vahAM gayA / jaina AcAryoM, kaviyoM, va lekhakoM ne unameM sAhitya racanA karake unheM sampanna banAyA / kannar3a bhASA ke Adi : pravartaka to jaina AcArya hI the / ina bhASAoM meM vizAla jaina sAhitya Aja bhI surakSita haiM / ... . .. saMskRta ko apanAnA;:. ................... .. jaina samAja ke itihAsa meM eka yuga aisA AyA, jaba jana prAcAryoM ne saMskRta ke ... vidvAnoM ke sAmane apane-siddhAntoM va nyAya Adi kI upasthiti karane ke lie arddhamAgadhI ke sthAna para saMskRta ko apanAyA aura usameM vipula sAhitya kI racanA kii| yaha usa samaya kI mAMga thI / unhoMne saMskRta koza, vyAkaraNa banAe / 'amara koza', 'dhanaJjaya koza' va 'jainendra vyAkaraNa' Adi isa dizA meM amara dena haiM / isase jaina pAribhASika zabda bar3I saMkhyA meM saMskRta meM Ae.! ...... ............... .... apanaza bhASA kA samutthAna .... .... . sAtavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga madhyabhArata va dUsare bhAgoM meM apabhraMza ne sAhityika .. bhApA kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyaa| yaha pahale eka janabhASA thI, volI mAtra / caudahavIM zatAbdI taka apabhraMza bhArata ke sAhityika nabhamaNDala meM sUrya ke samAna camaka uThI / yoM to, isa sAhitya ko racane vAle vidvAn kavi jaina, hindU, bauddha aura musalamAna the, para isameM adhika racanAeM karane kA zreya jaina vidvAnoM ko hI hai / apabhraMza kA padya sAhitya hI vizepa milA hai, gadya sAhitya nahIM / tIna zilA lekha bhI mile haiM / .. .. . .............. .... . . . Adhunika bhAratIya bhApAtroM ke adhyayana meM apabhraMza kA adhyayana mahattva pUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai| yaha saMskRta va hindI ke vIca kI kar3I hai| hindI kI jananI bhI vidvAn ise mAnane lage haiM / itanA hI nahIM, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI va hindI Adi ke bahuta se zabda .. apabhraza se AeM haiM / bhApA vijJAna ke adhyayana meM apabhraza ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna dilAne aura bhAratIya tathA yoropIya vidvAnoM kA dhyAna isa ora khIMcane kA zreya jarmana vidvAn haramana jaikobI ko hai / jo kAma jarmana vidvAn maiksamUlara ne saMskRta ko yoropIya vidvAnoM ke sAmane prastuta karake kiyA hai.aura bhASAoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko bala diyA, vahI kAma jaikovI ne prAkRta-apabhraMza sAhitya ko prakAza meM lAkara kiyA / isase yoropIya bhApAnoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM bar3I gati AI / unhoMne 'yaha kAma san 1914 meM bhArata yAtrA ke samaya prArambha kiyA aura 1918 meM 'bhaviSya kahA' ko prakAzita kiyaa| isa kAma kI kahAnI bar3I rocaka hai / usameM jaina sAdhuoM kI sahAyatA bhI ullekhanIya hai| yadyapi inase pahale kucha jaina vidvAnoM ne isa kSetra meM kAma kiyA thA, para isake bAda yaha kAma khUba Age bar3hA :: :::: :::::: : :: : gujarAtI, hindI, rAjasthAnI yAdi ko dena: :.. .... jaina vidvAn kSetra. va. kAla ke anusAra kAma karane meM bar3e dakSa va satarka the ..jaba

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bhApAnoM kA prazna : mahAvIra kA dRSTikoNa 311 saMskRta, prAkRta va apabhraMza kA pracAra kama huyA dUsarI janabhASAeM bhArata ke vibhinna pradezoM meM panapane lagI, taba unhoMne unameM bhI sAhitya racanA kA kAma prAraMbha kiyaa| saiMkar3oM sAdhuoM va vidvAnoM ne gujarAtI, hindI, marAThI va rAjasthAnI Adi meM jaina sAhitya kA anuvAda karanA zurU kara diyA / rAjasthAna, dillI, gujarAta va madhyapradeza ke saiMkar3oM-zAstra bhaNDAra jaina va jainetara zAstroM se bhare par3e haiN| bhApA vijJAna kI dRSTi se yaha sAhitya bhI bar3A upayogI hai| jaina dRSTikoNa aura kAkA sAheba kAlelakara : gAMdhI anuyAyI kAkA sAheba kAlelakara bhAratavarSa ke sAMskRtika jagat ke mahAn vidvAn haiM / ve vahuta sI bhApAyoM....aMgrejI, marAThI, gujarAtI, saMskRta va hindI ke adhikArI vidvAn haiM / hindustAnI ke pravala samarthaka haiM / gujarAtI koza unakI hI dekharekha meM vanA hai| unhoMne bhASAoM ke prazna kI carcA ke bIca ina paMktiyoM ke lekhaka se kahA thA 'mujhe prasannatA hai ki jainoM ko kisI bhApA vizepa kA kadAgraha nahIM hai| unhoMne sabhI bhApAyoM ko mahAn yogadAna diyA hai / ' aura unake isa mata kA samarthana Upara kI hara eka paMkti va bhAratIya bhASAoM ke rUpa va sAhitya ko dekhane se hotA hai / vartamAna meM jaina vidvAnoM kA kAma : pichale pacAsa varSoM meM jaina samAja meM bhApAnoM va bhASA vijJAna ke kSetra meM kucha kAma karane kA zreya paM0 nAthUrAma premI, DA0 hIrAlAla jaina, DA0 e. ena. upAdhye, DA0 banArasIdAsa jaina, paMDita jugalakizora mukhatAra, DA0 devendrakumAra zAstrI, DA0 prabodhacandra, va 'jinendra siddhAnta koza' cAra bhAga-do hajAra pRSTha ke nirmAtA zrI jinendra kumAra va sva0 vihArIlAla caitanya racayitA 'jaina ensAiklopIDiyA' Adi ko hai| 'rAjendra abhijJAna koza' bhI eka mahAn koza hai / ava to bahuta se jaina vidvAn DAkTareTa ke lie ina vipayoM ko cuna rahe haiM / ina paMktiyoM ke lekhaka ne dasa varpa ke tapa samAna ghora parizrama ke bAda 'hindI zabda racanA' pustaka likhI hai / yaha zabda nirmAtAoM, lekhakoM, kaviyoM va patrakAroM Adi ke lie bar3I upayogI hai| aba kyA karanA hai ? prazna ho sakatA hai, ki vartamAna meM jaina vidvAnoM, dhaniyoM va sAhityika saMsthAoM kA kyA kartavya hai ? yaha kAma itanA bar3A hai ki isake lie dasa pAMca vidvAn to kyA, saiMkar3oM vidvAn bhI kama haiM / yadi isa kAma ke mahattva ko jaina vidvAna va dAnI samajha leM, to na vidvAnoM kI kamI rahe, na dhana kii| jisako eka vAra zabda-adhyayana, bhApA rasAsvAdana kA caskA laga jAe, use isa kAma meM samAdhi yA brahmalInatA kA Ananda milatA hai / ghaMToM ina para socate raheM, cintana karate raheM, tava koI gutthI sulajhatI hai / isa kAma meM sabase bar3I AvazyakatA hai vairya, khojI kI lagana, sAmpradAyikatA va paMthavAda se Upara uThakara kAma karane, va parizrama kI AvazyakatA hai / tava kahIM kucha ho pAtA hai / nIce kucha Avazyaka kAma sujhAye jA rahe haiM1. prAcIna jaina kozoM va vyAkaraNoM ke zuddha mUla va anuvAda prakAzita kiye jAeM /

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312 mAMskRtika saMdarbha 2. arddha mAgadhI, saMskRta, apabhraMza, gujarAtI va hindI tathA prAvida bhASAyI jana sAhitya ko zuddha mUla anuvAda sahita prakAzita kiyA jaae| 3. pratyeka prAcArya ke granthoM kI zabda sUciyAM artha sahita taiyAra kI jAeM, jisase unake zabdoM ko vartanI (rUpa) va artha mAnnUma ho sakeM aura zabdoM kI dhvani va artha meM parivartana jAnA jA ske| 4. hindI va dUsarI bhAratIya bhApAyoM meM starIya jaina ko taiyAra kie jAeM aura unameM __ zabdoM ke sava bhApAyoM ke rUpa die jaaeN| 5. jaina sAhitya kA bhApA vijJAna kI dRSTi se adhyayana kiyA jAe, aura jo kAma huyA hai, yA ho, usake prakAzana kA pUrA pravandha honA caahie| 6. kucha saMsthAeM sudharI huI devanAgarI lipi meM na kevala dUsarI bhApAnoM ke jaina sAhitya kA prakAzana kareM, varan jainetara sAhitya kA prakAzana bhI kreN| drAvir3a bhApAtroM ke lie eka lipi taiyAra karane va usake pracAra-prasAra meM sahayoga deN| yaha kAma bhaviSya me bar3A phala degaa| 7. sAhU zAMtiprasAdajI dvArA sthApita bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke samAna dUsarI jaina sAhityika saMsthAeM va TrasTa isa prakAra ke adhyayana ko sahayoga deN| unakA eka lAkha rupaye kA puraskAra sAhitya va bhApA kI mahAn sevA hai| Aja lekhaka kI sabase bar3I samasyA apanI racanA ke prakAzana kI hai| phira bhApA vinAna, sAhitya koNa Adi bahuta zrama sAdhya va kama vikane vAle hote haiN| yaha kAma vyApArika dRSTi se nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / TrasTa hI yaha kAma kara sakate haiN| 8. dhanI va dAnI apane TrasToM se isa kAma meM lage vidvAnoM ko dhana-granya prAdi se sahayoga deM va unakI racanAoM ke prakAzana meM Arthika sahAyatA deN| isa kAma meM sAmpradAyikatA se Upara uThane kI AvazyakatA hai / zreSTha pustakoM para bar3e-bar3e puraskAra deN| vidvAnoM, pustakAlayoM va vizva vidyAlayoM ko aisA sAhitya bheMTa meM diyA jA sakatA hai / DA0 raghuvIra, saMskRtaniSTha hindI zabdAvalI nirmANa tathA rA0 bhA0 pataMjali nigamAnaMdajI bhI dAniyoM ke sahayoga se hI kAma kara sake haiN| vaidika zabdAnukrama koza gyAraha hajAra pRSThoM meM hai / yaha bhI eka TrasTa kI dena hai| 6. pacAsa-sI jaina sAdhu isa kAma meM dilacaspI leM va bhASA sevA yA bhASA vijJAna sambandhI sAhitya racanA meM pravRtta hoN| zabda saMgraha, lokokti saMgraha, janapadIya zabdoM kA saMgraha kArya, zabdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, vyAkaraNa, janabhApA (Folk Language) artha vijJAna (semenTiksa), zabda vyutpattiyoM kA saMgraha aAdi kreN| yaha kAma hamAre sAdhu kara sakate haiM, pahale ve isa vipaya kA pUrA adhyayana kreN| jo kAma eka sAdhu kara sakatA hai, utanA kAma pacAsa vidvAn bhI nahIM kara sakate / isa kAma meM bhI jaina sAdhu purAne jaina AcAryo, kozakAroM va vaiyAkaraNoM kA anukaraNa kreN| Upara jo kAma vatAe gae haiM, ve to saMketamAtra haiN| kalpanAzIla vidvAn va saMsthAeM aise vIsiyoM aura kAma cuna sakatI va kara sakatI hai / isa kSetra ma kadama-kadama para kAma haiN|

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navama khaNDa 000 paricarcA

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51 paricarcA : bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane samaya meM jina mUlyoM ko pratiSThApita kiyA, ve Aja bhI utane hI tAje aura prabhAvakArI lagate haiM / 2500 varSo kI sudIrgha kAlAvadhi meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA tattva- cintana pratyakSa-apratyakSa rUpa se dArzanikoM, arthazAstriyoM, rAjanItika vicArakoM, manovaijJAnikoM aura samAjazAstriyoM ko kisI na kisI graMza meM prabhAvita karatA rahA hai / samAjavAdI artha-vyavasthA, grAtma-svAtaMtrya, sApekSavAdI cintana, janatantrAtmaka sAmAjika cetanA, zoSaNa vimukta grahiMsaka samAja racanA, svAvalambI jIvana-paddhati jaise jIvana-mUlyoM ke vikAsavAdI cintana meM mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA preraka kAraka rahI hai / yaha sahI hai ki grAja hamAre rahana-sahana aura cintana ke taura-tarIkoM meM paryApta antara yA gayA hai phira bhI mahAvIra ke vicAroM meM vaha krAMti tattva vidyamAna hai jo hameM apanI cetanA aura pariveza ke prati sajaga banAye rakhatA hai / usake vibhinna zrAyAmoM kI mUlyAtmaka saMvIkSA karane kI dRSTi se hamane vibhinna kSetroM meM kAryarata vidvAnoM ke samakSa nimnalikhita 5 prazna prastuta kiye| unase jo uttara prApta hue, ve praznAnukrama se yahAM prastuta haiM : bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlya : kitane preraka ! kitane sArthaka !! * DaoN0 narendra bhAnAvata vicAra ke lie prastuta prazna : 1. - bhagavAn mahAvIra apane samaya meM jina mUlyoM kI pratiSThApanA karane ke lie saMgharSa rata rahe yA zramaraNa dharma kI sAdhanA ke patha para agrasara hue, ve mUlya kyA the ? bhagavAna mahAvIra ko hue grAz2a 2500 varSa ho gaye haiM / kyA isa sudIrgha kAlAvadhi meM hama una mUlyoM ko pratiSThApita kara pAye haiM ? yadi hAM to kisa rUpa meM aura yadi nahIM to kyoM ? 2. 3. 4. grApakI dRSTi se mArksa, gAMdhI, AinsTIna, sArtra Adi cintakoM kI vicAradhArA aura mahAvIra ke tattva - cintana meM kisa sImA taka kisa rUpa meM samAnatA hai ? Aja ke badalate saMdarbhoM meM samAja kI nava racanA meM mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA kisa prakAra va kina-kina kSetroM meM sahAyaka vana sakatI hai ?

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316 paricarcA 5. bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500veM parinirvANa mahotsava para Apa vyakti, samAja, gapTra aura vizva ke lie kyA saMdeza denA cAheMge ? vicAraka vidvAn (1) AcArya zrI nAnAlAlajI ma0 sA0 : 1. bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlyoM ke parivodha ke lie hameM mahAvIra yugIna saMskRti para eka vihaMgama dRSTi daur3AnI hogii| jaba bhagavAna mahAvIra apanI zaizavAvasthA ko pAra kara yuvAvasthA meM praveza karate haiM, sahasA unakI dRSTi tatkAlIna sAmAjika pariveza para kendrita ho jAtI hai / jaba ve dArzanika, dhArmika, sAmAjika evaM Arthika viSamatAoM meM pariveSThita mAnava-mAnava ko Tukar3oM meM vibhakta dekhate haiM, unakI AtmA samatAmaya ahiMsaka utkrAnti ke lie cIlAra kara uThatI hai / java unakI cintana-dhArA tatkAlIna tathAkathita sAmAjika vyavahAroM para kendrita hotI hai to unakA ananta kAruNika hRdaya tar3apa kara ro uThatA hai / pazu-pakSI to rahe dara kinAra mAnava-mAnava ke prati kitanI hIna, tiraskAra evaM kRtrima jAtigata UMca-nIca kI bhAvanAoM ne ghara kara liyA hai / varNa aura liMga bheda ke kAraNa prakhaNDa mAnavatA Tukar3eTukar3e meM vibhakta ho rahI hai / vipamatA evaM vaimanasya mAnava-mana ko ghere khar3A hai| sAmAnya jana-mAnasa kiMkartavya vimUr3ha sA bana rahA hai| nArI jIvana ke prati kitanI hIna evaM ghRNita bhAvanAeM ghara kara gaI yaha "strI zUdrI nA dhoyetAM" ke sUtroM se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| sAmAjika viSamatA hI nahIM dArzanika evaM dhArmika jagat bhI paryApta aMdhakAra meM bhaTakane lagA thA / dharma ke nAma para bhautika sukha-suvidhAnoM ke liye evaM apanI nagaNya sI svArthapUrti hetu azvamegha, naramegha jaise krUra hiMsA-kANDoM ke lie tathAkathita dharma gurunoM ne saharpa anumati hI nahIM, preraNA denA prArambha kara diyA thA aura usI ke phala svarUpa "svargakAmo yajet" aura "vaidikI hiMsA hiMsA na bhavati" ke siddhAnta pratiSThita hue| devIdevatAoM ke nAma para prANI saMhAra hone lgaa| yajJa-yAga ke atirikta dharma nAma kA koI tattva nahI raha gayA thaa| ___ dArzanika siddhAntoM ke kadAgraha ke kAraNa vaiSamya evaM vidvapa kI jar3e atyanta gaharI jama gaI thiiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM aneka dArzanika paramparAeM thiiN| eka-aneka, jar3a-cetana, sata asan, nitya-anitya, zAzvata azAzvat Adi kA ekAntika Agraha unakI vizeSatA thii| mahAvIra ne ina sabhI pahaluoM para gaharA cintana kiyA aura pAyA ki ina sabhI kSetroM meM vyApta vipamatAoM ko jar3a svArthalipsA evaM ekAntika Agraha- hI hai| unhoMne tatkAlIna sabhI sAmAjika, vArmika evaM dArzanika mUlyoM meM sarvatobhAvena parivartana apekSita samajhA aura unake sthAna para naye mUlyoM kI sthApanA hetu ghora virodha ke bAvajUda saMgharSa meM uttara par3e / ve navIna mUlya the-mAnava-mAnava hI nahIM prANimAtra meM samdRSTi, varNa evaM liMga

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bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlya bheda ke sthAna para guNa mIra karma vyavasthA, dharma ke nAma para hone vAle krUratama hiMsA, kANDoM kA ghora virodha aura dArzanika vivAdoM ke samanvaya hetu sApekSa dRSTi | 317 pratiSThApita ina mUlyoM kI jana vyApI kriyAnviti hetu ve svayaM usa grAdhyAtmika samara kSetra meM kUda par3e jise unhoMne zrama dvArA paripoSita "zramaraNa dIkSA " saMjJA dI aura usI kA puppita rUpa vizva- maitrI, grahiMsA, satya, astyeya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita huA / yugIna cetanA pahu~ca una mUlyoM ko itanI 2. mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlyoM ke taha taka Aja kI pAe yaha azakya nahIM to duHzakya avazya hai / itanA hote hue bhI sudIrgha kAlAvadhi meM bhI jIvita gravazya rakhA gayA hai / pUrNa hiMsA evaM tyAga kI sAkSAta pratimA ucca koTi kA zramaraNa varga isakA jItA-jAgatA namUnA hai / isa grAdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlyoM meM itanI adhika tarka pradhAna tAtvikatA rahI hai ki ve usI rUpa meM grAja vidyamAna haiM, jisa rUpa meM 2500 varSa pUrva the / yahI eka kAraNa hai ki nirgrantha zramaNa saMskRti kiMvA mahAvIra saMskRti itane adhika grAMdhI tUphAnoM ke vIca bhI zravAdhagatyA zrAja usI rUpa meM pratiSThita hai jaba ki usakI samakAlIna vauddha saMskRti bhAratIya kSitija para prAyaH nAma zeSa raha gaI hai / ahiMsA, samatA Adi siddhAntoM kI sUkSma vyAkhyAeM jinakA Aja rASTrIya evaM antarrASTrIya kSetroM meM vyApaka prabhAva hai, jaina saMskRti kI hI dena mAnI jAnI cAhiye / svanAma vanya cAritrAtmA zraddheya grAcArya zrI gaNezalAlajI mahArAja sA0 ke samakSa santa sarvodayI netA zrI vinovA bhAve ke ye zabda "jaina dharma ke siddhAMta Aja duniyA meM dUdha meM mizrI kI taraha ghulate jA rahe haiM" pravala pramANa hai / grataH yaha nizcita hai ki cAhe alpasaMkhyakoM dvArA hI sahI, mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlyoM kA apanI cAritrika garimA dvArA saMpopaNa sudIrgha kAlAvadhi ke bAda bhI yathAvat hai / 3. mahAvIra kA tattva- cintana kisI eka pakSa taka sImita nahIM thA / unakI cintana-praNAlI evaM nirUpaNa paddhati jIvana ke sabhI aMgoM, sabhI pahaluoM ko sparza karane vAlI thI | kyA samAja, kyA darzana, kyA dharma aura kyA adhyAtma, koI bhI kSetra unake tattvacintana se achUto nahIM thA jabaki kArla mArksa, gAMdhI, AinsTIna, sArtra Adi cintakoM kI cintanadhArA grArthika, sAmAjika, bhautika grAdi ekapakSIya dRSTi para hI TikI huI hai / ataH uparyukta dArzanikoM kI mahAvIra se prAMzika tulanA 'samudIrNAstvayi nAtha hRSTayaH udavAviva sarva sindhavaH, ke rUpa meM kI jA sakatI hai / arthAt mahAvIra kI graparigraha dRSTi ke sAtha mArksa kI, sthUla grahiMsA ke sAtha gAMdhI kI aura anekAnta syAdvAda ke sAtha AinsTIna kI grAMzika tulanA kI jA sakatI hai / 4. grAdhunika saMdarbha meM mahAvIra kI krAntikArI vicAra dhArA kA samucita upayoga sApekSadRSTayA dharma-darzana-nIti-rAjanIti-samAja evaM rASTra hara kSetra meM vyApta viSamatAmroM ke sthAyI samAdhAna hetu kiyA jA sakatA hai / kyoMki mahAvIra kI hara dRSTi jIvana-nirmANa ke sAtha samAja nirmANa ke lie bhI hai / AvazyakatA hai una maulika vicAroM kI gaharAI meM

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318 paricarcA paiThane kI aora yathAyogya yathAsthAna viveka pUrvaka upayoga kI / Aja ke badalate saMdarbho meM yadi samAja evaM rASTra meM saMvyApta vipamatAoM para dRSTipAta kareM to jAta hogA ki prAthika asamAnatA rASTra ko vaiSamya jvAlAoM meM jhulasA rahI hai| aisI sthiti meM yadi mahAvIra kI anekAnta popita aparigraha vRtti kA rASTra vyApI Andolana prArambha ho to nizcita hI vizva-mAnava ko zAnti kA AdhAra hastagata ho sakatA hai / vaise darzana-vicAra ke kSetra meM anekAnta, prAcAra meM ahiMsA, vyavahAra meM aparigraha dRSTi evaM rASTra-nirmANa meM grAma dharma, nagara dharma evaM rASTra dharma kI vicAra saraNi rASTra ke hara vyakti evaM pramukha taura para rASTra netAoM kA vyavahAra kSetra bane to mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita ye tInoM mUlya samAja-racanA meM apanA amUlya yoga de sakate haiN| 5. cUMki maiM mahAvIra kA arthAt vItarAgatA kA ananya upAsaka hUM ataH vyakti, samAja, rASTra evaM vizva ke lie vItarAgatA kiMvA parama samatA kA hI ubovana de sakatA huuN| merI dRSTi meM parinirvANotsava para usa parama jyoti puJja yugapurupa ke anukUla kucha karanA hai to vaha samatA-darzana kI punIta chAyA-tale hI kara skeNge| ataH maiM samAja ke pratyeka aMga se AhvAna karanA cAhUMgA ki vaha kisI bhI kSetra meM rahatA hayA navIna samAjaracanA ke lie samatA-darzana kA vyApaka evaM saMyamIya svAcaraNa pUrvaka pracAra-prasAra karanA prArambha kreN| samatA-darzana kI vistRta yugAnukUla vyAvahArika rUpa rekhA "samatA-darzana aura vyavahAra" nAmaka grantha meM prastuta kI gaI hai, jisa para pratyeka tattva cintaka gaharAI se cintana kara vipamatA kA sthAyI samAdhAna prApta kara sakatA hai| samatAmaya samAja-racanA se vizvamAnava, zAnti kI zvAsa le sakatA hai, aisA merA aTala vizvAsa hai| (2) zrI riSabhadAsa rAMkA: 1. isa prazna ko isa taraha se rakhanA adhika upayukta hogA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kina mUlyoM ko prasthApita kiyA ? unake jIvana kA uddezya-samatA dikhAI detA hai / ve svayaM saMbuddha the| kisI guru yA paramparA dvArA prabhAvita ho, aisA nahIM dikhAI detA / unhoMne sahajabhAva se mAnavI preraNA ko dhyAna meM lekara usakA samAdhAna DhUr3hane kA prayatna kiyA aura samAdhAna DhUMDhane ke lie dIrgha sAdhanA apanAI aura samAdhAna prApta hone para apane prathama upadeza meM jo kucha kahA usase spaSTa hotA hai ki unhoMne sava jIvoM ke prati samatA rakhane kI bAta para hI adhika bala diyaa| jo vAta hamako apriya lage vaha dUsaroM ko bhI apriya hI lagegI isalie sabake sAtha Atmavat saMyama kA vyavahAra karane ko mahAvIra ne apane upadezoM meM prathama sthAna diyA / __ . unakA kahanA hai ki pratyeka jIva meM samAna rUpa se sukha duHkha kI anubhUti hI nahIM hai, varan vikAsa kI kSamatA bhI samAna rUpa se hai / sava jIvoM ke prati prAtmavat vyavahAra ke

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bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlya 316 pIche yaha anubhavajanya jJAna hone se mahAvIra ne sabhI kSetroM meM savako samatA apanAne ko kahA hai / ahiMsA ke vyavahAra kI unhoMne jo preraNA dI hai, usameM se nimnalikhita bAteM phalita hotI haiM : dharma kI ArAdhanA meM liMga evaM jAtibheda nahIM ho sakatA na umra kA hI koI prazna uThatA hai| yaha ArAdhanA jaMgala meM bhI kI jA sakatI hai aura ghara meM bhI / gRhastha aura zramaNa ghanadAna aura nirdhana donoM hI dharma kI ArAdhanA kara sakate haiN| mahAvIra ke upadezoM meM sAmpradAyikatA, jAtIyatA yA kisI prakAra kI saMkucitatA ko sthAna nahIM hai| yadyapi ve tIrtha ke pravartaka the| tIrtha eka sampradAya hI banatA hai para unakI dRSTi meM janatva pradhAna thaa| 'jina' kA upAsaka jaina / apane Apako jItanevAlA 'jina' / ina mUlyoM kI pratiSThA unhoMne kii| prANImAna duHkha se bhayabhIta hai, trasta hai / isa duHkha se trANa pAne kA mArga kucha mahApuruSoM ne jJAna ko mAnA kyoMki ajAna ke kAraNa adhikAMza duHkhoM kI utpatti hotI hai / jJAna hone para duHkha dUra kie jA sakate haiM / parantu mahAvIra kA anubhava yaha thA ki jJAna ho jAya to 'mI usa jJAna para niSThA na ho aura tadanukUla prAcAra na ho to duHkha se mukti nahIM hotii| isalie samatA dharma tabhI mokSa detA hai jaba samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra ho / isakI jo ArAdhanA karate haiM ve anya sampradAya yA veza meM bhI mukti pA sakate haiM / zAstrIya bhASA meM kahA gayA hai anya liMga-siddha, gRha-liMga-siddha / unhoMne yaha nahIM kahA ki merI zaraNa meM Ayo, maiM tumhArA uddhAra kara duuNgaa| samatA kA unhoMne yahAM taka vikAsa kiyA ki hara prANI meM paramAtmA banane kI kSamatA hai / apane sukha-duHkha kA kartA svayaM vahI hai| bhagavAna ne manupya ko Izvara ke sthAna para pratiSThita kiyA aura batAyA ki mAnavatA kA carama vikAsa hI Izvaratva hai / jo manuSya vikAsa karatA hai, vaha jIva se ziva, nara se nArAyaNa aura zrAtmA se paramAtmA bana jAtA hai / unhoMne jina mUlyoM kI sthApanA kI unameM pramukha the samatA aura svAvalambana / unhoMne svAdhInatA kA mahatva prasthApita kara hara vyakti ko svAdhIna vanakara vikAsa karane kI preraNA dii| yahAM taka ki Izvara kI gulAmI se bhI mukta kiyaa| cUMki samatA aura svAvalambana para AdhArita dharma hone se svAbhAvika hI vaha jana-jana kA dharma bane, aisI bhApA meM ki logoM kI samajha meM A jAya, isa prakAra se upadeza diyA / prANImAtra ke prati saMyama kA vyavahAra karane kI bAta kaha kara unhoMne janatA ke samakSa naye mUlyoM kI sthApanA kii| 2. isa lambI avadhi meM kaI mahAn jaina AcArya hue jinhoMne bhagavAn ke mUlyoM kI pratiSThApanA karane kA prayatna kiyA / jana-mAnasa para usakA prabhAva bhI par3A hai / mAMsAhAra kA tyAga jo bhAratIyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai, usakA kAraNa jainI haiM, yaha vAta jaina vidvAn aura cintaka bhI mAnate haiM / jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM ne apane tattvoM ke pracAra meM kabhI AkramaNa ko

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paricarcA nahIM apanAyA / ina vAtoM kI puSTi vinovA jaise santa aura kAkA kAlelakara jaise vidvAn bhI karate haiM / 320 sAmpradAyikatA unmAda hai / itihAsa sAkSI hai ki usake kaTu phala saMsAra ko cakhane ko mile / dharma ke nAma para lAkhoM nahIM karor3oM ko mauta ke ghATa utArA gayA / kyoMki sAmpradAyika yahI kahegA ki mere sampradAya meM zrAzro, mere upAsya deva kI upAsanA karo tumhArI mukti hogI anyathA tumhArI durgati hogI / sAmpradAyika vyakti apane sampradAya kI prazaMsA karegA, dUsaroM ke dopa dekhegA aura dUsaroM kI nindA karegA / usakA dRSTikoNa ekAntika hogA, vaha dUsare kI bAta samajhane kA prayatna hI nahI karegA / vaha dUsaroM ko grapane sampradAya meM lAne ke lie julma javardastI karanA dharma mAnegA / 4 bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dRSTikoNa vyApaka thA / unhoMne grAtmopamya dRSTi apanAI thI isalie unakI paramparA meM dharma mukhya rahA, sampradAya gauraNa | unakI dRSTi meM mokSa yA pUrNa vikAsa kA anubandha sampradAya ke vidhi-vidhAnoM ke sAtha nahI, para dharma ke sAtha mAnA gayA thA / ve 'azrutvA kevalI' kA siddhAnta sthApita kara sAmpradAyika dRSTi ko ucca sthiti taka le gaye the / 'grazrutvA kevalI' ve hote haiM jinhoMne dharma na bhI sunA ho to bhI apanI nirmalatA ke kAraNa kevalI pada taka pahuMca sakate hai, bazarte ki ve dharma se anuprANita hoM / isake lie kisI viziSTa sAmpradAyika mAnyatA ko mAnanA jarUrI nahIM hai / 'zrutvA kevalI' kI taraha 'pratyeka buddha' bhI kisI sampradAya yA dharma paramparA se prabhAvita hokara pravrajita nahIM hote para apane jJAna se hI pUrNatva ko prApta karate hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne zAzvata dharma yaha kahA thA ki kisI prAraNI ko mata mAro, use paritApa mata do, usakI svAdhInatA meM vAdhA mata pahuMcAgro, sabake sAtha saMyama kA vyavahAra karo, 1 - unake ina udAra vicAroM kI kaI grAcAryo ne upAsanA kara jaina zAsana kA gaurava bar3hAyA aura deza meM asAmpradAyika dRSTikoNa vikasita kiyA / isa sambandha meM nimna kathana draSTavya hai ko (ka) mahAvIra ke prati merA pakSapAta nahIM hai aura kapilAdika ke sAtha merA dveSa nahI hai | jisakA vacana yuktiyukta hogA, vahI svIkArya hai / - (kha) bhava-vIja ko aMkurita karane vAle rAgadve pAdi jinake kSINa ho cuke hai, use 'merA namaskAra hai| vaha brahmA, viSNu, hari yA jina koI bhI ho / (ga) meM apane AgamoM ko anurAga mAtra se svIkAra nahIM kara rahA hUM, ke zrAgamoM kA dvepa mAtra se asvIkAra nahIM kara rahA hUM, kintu svIkAra aura pIche merI mAdhyastha dRSTi hai / aura dUsaroM svIkAra ke 7 1 - jaina dharma ina 2500 varSo meM bhArata hI nahIM madhyapUrva dezoM meM bhI apanA prabhAva

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bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlya 321 DAla sakA thA / jisa samaya jaina dharma kA prasAra adhika thA usa sthiti kI carcA karate hue purAtattva ke vidvAna pI0 sI0 rAya caudharI ne kahA hai - yaha dharma dhIre-dhIre phailA, zreNika, kUriNaka, candragupta, samprati, khAravela tathA anya kaI rAjAoMoM ne jaina dharma apanAyA / vaha yuga bhArata ke hindU zAsana kA vaibhavapUrNa yuga thA / deza ke sAMskRtika evaM naitika utthAna meM jainAcAryo kA bar3A yoga rhaa| ve gRhasthoM ko vrata ke pAlana meM preraNA dete rahe, dUsarI vicAradhArA ke sAtha samanvaya karate rahe, dezakAla ke anusAra paramparA meM parivartana ko ve avakAza dete rahe / janatA ko rucikara ho, samajha meM A jAe aisI bhASA meM upadeza dete rahe / unake upadezoM kA hI prabhAva thA ki jainiyoM meM prAmANikatA aura samAja tathA rASTrahita kA khyAla rahatA thA / jainiyoM meM abhayadAna, zikSA cikitsA aura annadAna dene kI pravRtti prAcIna kAla meM bhI thI / aba taka vaha bacI rahI hai / hiMsA va sevA kI paramparA Aja bhI bahuta kucha mAtrA meM jainiyoM meM pAI jAtI hai / para jaba se dharma meM bAhya karmakANDoM, vidhi vidhAnoM va dikhAve para adhika bala diyA jAne lagA, tabase prabhAvazAlI, samayajJa prAcArya kI kamI hokara dharma ko saMkucita, sAmpradAyika rUpa diyA jAkara vyaktigata svArtha bar3hA aura ekAntika nivRta jIvana para adhika bala diyA jAne lagA / jaba ApasI pratispardhA aura dveSa bar3hA taba bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlyoM kA hrAsa hokara samAja kI avanati huI / usakA jagat- kalyANakArI rUpa pUrvajoM ke zreSThatva ke prazaMsAtmaka gItoM meM Akara simaTa gayA / ghara meM baiTha kara hama apane Apako bhale hI zreSTha samajhate hoM para saMsAra kI dRSTi se hamArA dharma nagaNya sA vana gayA / 3. isameM sandeha nahIM ki mArksa kI samatA kI vicAradhArA aura vipamatA ke prati usakA sazakta virodha grAja ke janamAnasa para vyApaka prabhAva DAle hue hai / koI bhI vyakti, jisake hRdaya meM vizAlatA hai, vaha viSamatA kA samarthana kara nahIM sakatA / aneka mahApuruSoM, tIrthakaroM, gravatAroM tathA paigambaroM ke dharma ke dvArA sagatA lAne ke prayatnoM ke vAvajUda mamatA zrIra zopaNa samAja meM bahuta bar3e paimAne para calatA rahA hai aura usakA kAraNa unheM artha graura rAjanaitika sattA dikhAI dI taba usa samatA ko miTAne ke lie sattA badala kara una logoM ke hAtha meM jo zopita rahe haiM, sattA aura niyantraNa dvArA samatA lAne kA prayoga sUjhanA aura usake vika thA / janatA meM jAgRti grAI, ve apane adhikAroM aura zakti ko pahacAna gaye aura jinakA gopaNa hotA thA, jo pIr3ita the tathA garIba the unhoMne isa vicAra praNAlI ko apanAyA aura aneka rASTroM meM samatA lAne ke lie zAsana palaTa diyA / naI paddhati se samatA prasthApita karane ke prayoga hue / isameM saMgharSa honA svAbhAvika thA aura huA / jisameM lAkhoM nahIM para karor3oM ke prAraNa gaye / samatA lAne va janatA meM apane tattvoM aura zakti ke prati jAgRti lAne meM jo-jo bAdhAeM dikhAI dI use dUra haTAne kA prayAsa huA / usameM dharma bhI samatA lAne meM una vicArakoM ko bAdhaka lagA / isalie paramparAgata dharma tathA dhArmika mAnyatAoM para tIvra prahAra hue| use aphIma kI golI kahakara tiraskRta samabhA gayA aura loga dharma ke viruddha AcaraNa karane meM pragatizIlatA samajhane lage / dekara zAsana, kAnUna, daNDa lie prayatna honA svAbhA

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322 paricarcA sabhI mahApuruSoM ne asamatA ko samAja kA dUparA mAnakara samatA prasthApita karane ke lie pravala prayatna kiye / artha ko samatA meM bAdhaka mAnakara paritraha kI nindA kI phira bhI parigraha kA samAja meM varcasva yA prabhAva banA rahA / karma siddhAnta manuSya ko bhalAI kI yora pravRtta karane ke lie thA para jaba janatA meM usa kama-siddhAnta kA upayoga zopakoM ke prati tiraskAra paidA karane, tathA koI apane bhAgya se vanavAna banA hai aura kisI kI garIbI kA kAraNa isake koI pUrva janma ke karma haiM ataH yathA sthiti meM santoSa mAnakara anyAya ko sahana karanA cAhie jaisI vRtti vikasita karane se huyA tava samatA ke grAja ke agradUtoM ko yaha sthiti vAdhaka lagI / phalasvarUpa unakA dharma para prahAra karanA svAbhAvika thaa| unhoMne varga-vigraha ko samatA prasthApita karane ke lie Avazyaka mAnakara varga-vigraha ko uttejanA dii| jisase saMgharSa huyA / pariNAmataH lAkhoM nahIM, karor3oM ke prANa jAkara bhI samasyA sulajha pAI ho aisA nahIM lagatA / samatA samaya kI mAMga hai, use TAlA nahIM jA sakatA / zopA meM pIr3ita janatA cupa rahe yaha sambhava nahIM / tatra samatA lAne kA mArga nikAlanA Avazyaka mAlUma diyA aura ve prayatna TAlsTAya, raskina, gAMdhI ne kiye / dhArmika mahApuruSoM ke siddhAntoM meM jo vikRti A gaI thI use dUra karane aura samAja ko naI dizA dene kA prayAsa huaa| samatA lAne ke lie aparigraha aura saMyama ko Avazyaka mAnakara svecchA se aparigraha apanAne ko, dUsaroM ke sAtha samatA kA vyavahAra karane kI bAta kaha kara mahAvIra tathA anya mahApuruSoM ke jIvanamUlyoM kI pratiSThApanA kA prayatna gAMdhIjI dvArA huA / bhale hI paramparAvAdI gAMdhIjI ko mahAvIra kA upAsaka na mAneM aura gAMdhIjI ne vaisA dAvA bhI nahIM kiyA, para gAMdhIjI ne bha0 mahAvIra ke samatA ke mizana aura unake jIvana-mUlyoM kI pratiSThApanA meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyA, isameM tanika bhI sandeha nahIM hai / unhoMne sattA, kAnUna, daNDa aura niyantraNa ke sthAna para saMyama, hRdaya-parivartana, parigraha-parimANa, TrasTIzipa kA siddhAnta, zrama, brahmacarya, tathA samatA ko jIvana meM sthAna dekara samAja kI samasyAoM ko sulajhAne ke prayatna kiye| ahiMsA ko sarvaprathama sthAna dekara kevala granthoM, vyAkhyAnoM tathA zreSThatva ko pUjanIya mAnane taka sImita na rakha kara vaha jIvana meM kaise utare, anyAya ke parimArjana ke lie unakA upayoga kaise ho, isake unhoMne jo prayoga kie, ve mAnava jAti ke itihAsa meM svarNAkSaroM meM likhe jaayeNge| - aba taka sabhI mahApurupoM ne anyAya parimArjana ke lie hiMsA ko Avazyaka mAnA thA, para gAMdhIjI ne usa dizA meM krAMti kara sAmAjika tathA rAjanaitika jIvana meM anyAya ke pratikAra ke liye satyAgraha kA zastra dekara mAnava jAti ko naI dizA dii| gAMdhIjI ke ina prayatnoM ko Age bar3hAnA dhArmikoM kA aura khAsakara mahAvIra kI ahiMsA ke upAsakoM kA prathama kartavya ho jAtA hai| gAMdhIjI ke AdhyAtmika vArisa saMta vinovA ne jo nayA mUtra diyA hai vaha satyAgrahI nahIM satyAgrAhI kA hai| vaha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke aneka siddhAnta kA paripAka hai / ise videza ke AinsTIna Adi vicAraka bhI Avazyaka mAnate haiM / para bhagavAn mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM ko kevala ucca va uttama kahane mAtra se kAma nahIM calegA, unheM apane

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bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlya 323 "khAjalA hai| PALACEeneKaise wnemapan tathA janajIvana meM lAne ke liye prayatnazIla honA pdd'egaa| saMsAra kI Aja kI samasyAeM sulajhAne meM una tattvoM kA prayoga hI bhagavAn ke prati saccI zraddhAMjalI hai / alvarTa svAijara isa yuga ke mahAn karmayogI tathA cintaka mAne jAte haiN| unhoMne 'revarensa phAra lAipha' kI bAta dIrgha cintanaM va sAdhanA ke bAda khojI, jo bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tattvoM kI samarthaka hai / Aja kA vaijJAnika, cintaka aura sevaka apane sujhAva anubhava ke AdhAra para kahatA hai ki isa hiMsA se mere jIvana meM jahAM paga-paga para hiMsA hotI hai, ahiMsaka kaise rahA jAya, jIvana ko Adara kaise diyA jAya ? isa viSaya meM svAitjara kA kathana hai yadi merA kAma eka pyAle pAnI se cala jAtA hai to mujhe eka bUMda bhI adhika nahIM girAnA cAhie, yadi merA eka TahanI se kAma cala jAtA hai to dUsarI na toDU, yaha sAvadhAnI rakhakara jIvana ke prati Adara pragaTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| kyA unakI yaha bAta bhagavAna mahAvIra ke usa upadeza se milatI nahIM hai ki jaba unase bhikSa ne pUchA ki maiM kaise calU, kaise vaiThU', kaise khAU~, kaise soU aura kaise bolU-jisase pApa karma kA bandhana na ho / tava bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ye sArI kriyAeM yatanApUrvaka karane ko kahA thaa| sArca Aja kA bahuta bar3A cintaka mAnA jAtA hai / phrAyaDa Adi pUrva mAnasa zAstriyoM ke vicAra kA usa para prabhAva hai| ina saba vicArakoM ne mAnava ke vikAsa meM usakI preraNA, . yA insaTikTa para bar3A bala diyA hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki mAnava jIvana usakI preraNA se prabhAvita hai aura usake vikAsa meM usakI preraNA yA iMsTrikTa kA khayAla na rakhA / jAya to kuNThA nirmANa hokara vikAsa meM vAdhA pahuMcatI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne iMsTikTa, preraNA yA vRtti ko AtmavikAsa meM upayogI mAnA thA aura viziSTatA ko viziSTa banAne / kI bAta kahI thii| jisa vyakti meM jo vizeSatA ho, usako bar3hAvA diyA jAnA caahie| unhoMne isa bAta kI ora dhyAna dene ko kahA thA ki jaise tumhArI preraNA tumheM priya hai| aura tuma use bar3hAnA cAhate ho vaise hI dUsare kI preraNA, iMsTikTa yA vizeSatA meM bAdhaka na / bane / jaise tuma apanI icchAnusAra karane ke lie svAdhIna ho vaise dUsare kI svAdhInatA kA bhI khyAla rakho / isalie apanI vizeSatA bar3hAte samaya dUsaroM kI viziSTatA baDhe usameM . bAdhA na pahuMce, isakA dhyAna rakho aura isake lie saMyama ko unhoMne mAnava ke vikAsa meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna diyA thaa| 4. maiM mahAvIra-kI vicAradhArA ko vyApaka tathA sabhI kAla va kSetroM meM upayogI mAnatA huuN| saMsAra kI Aja kI samasyAoM ko sulajhAne ke lie vaha sakSama hai| kintu use apane taka sImita banA rakhane se yaha kArya nahIM hogaa| use vyApaka banAnA hogA / jaise bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unake prAcAryoM ne use janadharma ke rUpa meM vyApaka banAne meM usa samaya kI janabhApA kA upayoga kiyA thA, usake kalyANa kArI rUpa kA logoM ko darzana karAyA, hameM bhI vaisA karanA hogaa| vijJAna ke kSetra meM bahuta tarakkI huI hai| vijJAna kI zodhoM se janajIvana meM, bhArI parivartana AyA hai| use dhyAna meM rakhakara bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThita mUlyoM ke prasAra ke lie prayatna karane hoMge / yadi isa viSaya meM dRSTi spaSTa ho jAtI hai to hamArA kAma AsAna ho jAtA hai / downloadnanities 7 -- -

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. .. 324 . -"paricarcA ahiMsA kI pratiSThApanA hameM sUkSma aura sthUla donoM hI dRSTi se karanI hogii| mAnava-jIvana meM jo vaicArika tathA mAnasika hiMsA ne azAMti aura asantopa kA nirmANa kiyA hai, use dUra karane ke lie sUkSma ahiMsA ko jIvana meM apanAnA hogaa| isa dizA meM kevala sAhitya ke dvArA sUkSma ahiMsA ke hitakArI rUpa ko logoM ke samakSa rakhanA hI kAphI nahIM hai| hameM apane dainika jIvana meM prayogoM dvArA siddha karanA hogA ki vyakti, samAja va rASTra ke hita ke liye yahI mArga zreSTha hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samyak darzana, jJAna, cAritra ko apanAye vinA, kevala bolane yA likhane se kAma nahIM calegA / tattva kitane bhI zreSTha hoM para unako jIvana meM utAre vinA, usake pariNAmoM ko logoM ke samakSa rakhe binA, unakA zreSThatva janatA svIkAre yaha sambhava nhiiN| jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA bar3he julUsa, samAroha dvArA karane kI bAta Aja ke buddhivAdI aura vaijJAnika yuga meM adhika upayogI nahIM hogii| sevA ke kAma bhI dharma prabhAvanA kI dRSTi se kAphI nahIM hoMge / jIvana parivartana se hI dharma prabhAvanA ho sakatI hai| hamArA jIvana zuddha ho, pavitra ho, hama dharmatatvoM ko jIvana meM apanA kara usake pariNAmoM ko janatA ke samakSa rakha sakeM, tabhI janatA usa dharma kI ora AkRSTa ho sakatI hai| jaina dharma jaise samatA para AdhArita hai vaise hI usakA AdhAra vyakti ke jIvanaparivartana para hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jo mahatvapUrNa bAta kahI hai ki tere bhAgya kA vidhAtA tU hI hai, tere sukha-duHkhoM kA kAraNa bhI tU hI hai, isa para niSThA rakha kara jIvana meM hone vAle lAbhoM se, dUsaroM ko paricita karAnA hogA / Aja kA buddhivAdI, yaha uttama tattva hai use grahaNa karo, athavA aisA hamAre pUjya puruSoM ne kahA hai, itanA kahane bhara se zraddhApUrvaka usako mAna le yaha sambhava nahIM hai| vaha to prayoga dvArA Aye pariNAmoM ko dekha kara dharma ko apanAegA / dharma ko logoM ko dikhAne ke lie nahIM para vaha vyakti tathA samAja kA hita karane vAlA hai, isa niSThA se apanAne vAle dhArmika hI nava samAja kA nirmANa kara sakate haiN| ___ krAMti kI bhApA bhale hI kAnoM ko sunane meM acchI lagatI ho aura krAMti kA mArga dUsare apanAveM, yaha apekSA rakha kara upadezaka thor3A bahuta prabhAva DAla bhI de to bhI jIvana meM sthAyI parivartana lAne meM asamartha hI rheNge| jina vyaktiyoM se samAja vanA hai una vyaktiyoM meM parivartana hue vinA kucha logoM ke jIvana meM parivartana A bhI jAya to vaha adhika pariNAmakArI nahIM hogaa| bhArata meM sadA kucha vyaktiyoM kA jIvana stara bahuta UMcA rahA hai aura rahatA AyA hai para sAmAnya janatA ke jIvana meM vizeSa parivartana huA dikhAI nahIM pdd'taa| jo UMcI sthiti para pahuMce haiM, unake viSaya meM janatA meM Adara hotA hai, unakI pUjA bhI karate haiM aura yaha zraddhA bhI Ama janatA meM pAI jAtI hai ki unakA upAsyadeva, guru use kucha de degaa| para unhoMne jo kucha kahA hai vaisA jIvana vitAne se hamArA kalyANa hogA, yaha niSThA nahIM pAI jAtI / bhagavAn mahAvIra ko prAdara denA, unake vipaya meM pUjya buddhi rakhanA, unake tattvoM yA upadezoM ke prati niSThA rakhanA acchI bAta hai aura kevala utanA kara dene mAtra ko dharma mAnane se dharma ke pUre lAbha se hama lAbhAnvita nahIM

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gavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlya 325 o sakate / hama bhagavAna mahAvIra ke Atma-vikAsa ke lie puruSArtha karane ke sandeza ko ila kara bhikhArI aura pAmara vana gaye haiN| tabhI hamAre bhArata meM thor3I bahuta sAdhanA karane hAlA bhagavAn bana jAtA hai aura hama usake dvArA apanA kalyANa yA zreya sadhegA aisA mAna ra puruSArtha apanAne ke aivaja meM kAmanika bhakti dvArA kalyANa kI apekSA rakhate haiN| samAja meM Aja aisI sthiti nahIM hai ki koI bhI vyakti naitikatA se jIvana jI ke / samAja meM aisI sthiti nirmANa honI cAhie ki jo naitika jIvana jInA cAhe use suvidhA mile, samAja vaisI preraNA de sake / aise samAja kA nirmANa sattA, kAnUna, daNDa yA 'nayantraNa se pA nahIM sakatA, usake liye hRdaya-parivartana, saMyama kA mArga apanAnA hogaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tattvoM ko sAmAjika jIvana meM pratiSThita karanA hogA / dhanavAna apane dhana kA upayoga dikhAvA, vilAsa yA zopaNa ke lie nahIM kintu apane Apako janatA ke TrasTI samajha kara jana-kalyANa ke lie kareMge tabhI jinake pAsa dhana Aja nahIM hai ve unake prati dveSa na kara, prema kareMge / hara vyakti ko kAma karane, apane ApakA vikAsa karane kA avakAza milegaa| sabhI kI zakti kA upayoga samAja yA mAnava jAti kI bhalAI meM hogA, tabhI samAja kA nava-nirmANa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dvArA prasthApita mUlyoM ke AdhAra para kiyA jA skegaa| hamAre sammukha vyApaka vizva-kalyANa kI dRSTi na hone se hama choTI-choTI bAtoM meM ulajha kara jhagar3a par3ate haiN| Apasa ke jhagar3oM meM anekAnta kA prayoga na kara, saMsAra kI samasyA sulajhAne meM usakI kSamatA kA bakhAna karate haiM to sivAya upahAsa ke dUsarA kyA ho sakatA hai ? hama bahuta UMce-UMce tattvoM kI bAteM to karate haiM para kSudra lokeSaNA yA vyaktigata ahaMkAra se prerita hokara Apasa meM pratispardhA karate ho, vahAM koI vizeSa phala niSpatti hogI, aisA nahIM lagatA / 5. merI dRSTi se yaha avasara hamAre liye mahAn hai / isa avasara para bhagavAn mahAvIra ke guNagAna karanA, unakA va unake tatvoM kA, upadeza kA samyak paricaya karAnA, unake saMgha kI vizeSatAoM ko batAnA, utsava ke dvArA logoM ko Akarpita karanA Adi kAryakrama kiye jAne cAhie / para jaba taka unake guNoM ko jIvana meM nahIM utArA jAtA taba taka hama unake sacce upAsaka hai, aisA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| saMbhava hai hama unake mahAn tattvoM ko jIvana meM utArane kI kSamatA na rakhate hoM para unheM ThIka samajha kara, usa para niSThA rakheM aura apanI kSamatA yA zakti ke anusAra unheM jIvana meM utArane kA yatna kreN| yaha to kiyA hI jA sakatA hai / ___ samAja ko isa avasara para jo karanA hai vaha yaha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA * kathita mUlyoM ke AdhAra para aisI samAja racanA karanI hai jisameM hara vyakti ko apane pUrNa 'vikAsa karane kA avasara mile / naitika, sadguNI va svAdhIna jIvana jIne kI samAja meM . savidhA ho / aise samAja kI racanA kA prArambha vyakti apane se karake samAja meM aise . vyaktiyoM kI saMkhyA bar3hAtA hai jinameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tatvoM ke prati niSThA ho / kucha vyakti unake tatvoM kA pAlana kareM, itanA hI kAphI nahIM hai / bhale hI kucha sAdhaka mahAvIra anoarrane Arrespo nd -areena

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paricarcA 326 ke upadiSTa tatvoM ko grupane jIvana meM pUrNarUpa se pAlana karate hoM para samAja ke bahusaMkhyaka loga una tatvoM meM niSThA rakhakara apane jIvana meM apanI kSamatA va zakti ke anusAra kama mAtrA meM bhI pAlana kareM to bhI usakI jarUrata samabhI jAya aura unheM utsAhita aura prerita kiyA jAya / samAja ke samakSa jo vizva meM jaina dharma ke prasAra kA mahAn kArya hai, usake lie hama milakara kAma kreN| samAja meM sabhI loga sabhI viSayoM meM ekamata nahIM ho sakate para kucha vipaya aise haiM jinameM matabheda nahIM hai, una kAmoM ko hama milakara kareM / ApasI matabhedoM ko logoM ke samakSa rakhakara apane ko upahAsAspada banAne kI apekSA jise jo ThIka lage, vaha karane meM, laga jAya / jaba hama mAnate haiM ki jaina dharma yA mahAvIra ke mArga meM vizva kalyANa kI kSamatA hai to yaha bAta logoM kI samajha meM A jAye isa paddhati se use upasthita kareM | yaha kAma tabhI kiyA jA sakegA jaba hama saba milakara kAma kA vyavasthita vibhAjana kara yojanA pUrvaka kAma kareMge, sampUrNa zakti aura sAdhanoM kA ThIka upayoga kareMge aura udAra tathA vyApaka dRSTikoNa rakheMge / rASTra ke sammukha jo samasyAeM haiM, jo asantoSa aura vaicenI hai, use dUra karane ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pari-nirvAraNa kA upayoga unake kalyANakArI tatvoM ko rASTrIya jIvana meM utArane meM honA caahie| zrAja sAmpradAyikatA ubhara kara rASTra ko chinna-bhinna banA rahI hai / usakA nivAraNa karane meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke udAtta, vyApaka va asAmpradAyika tattvoM kA prasAra honA caahie| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane dharma meM gAMva, nagara, tathA rASTradharma ko sthAna diyA thA / unhoMne koI viziSTa dharma apanAne kI bAta nahIM kahI / hiMsA aura saMyama ko apanAne ko khaa| kisI viziSTa vyakti kI pUjA yA upAsanA para jora na dekara jinhoMne apane guraNoM kA vikAsa kara ucca pada pAyA ho, usakI upAsanA karane ko kahA / upAsanA meM bhI upAsyadeva kI korI bhakti ko sthAna na dekara guNoM ko upAsanA ko zreyaskara mAnA / apanA vikAsa dUsare ke vikAsa meM bAghaka nahIM, para sahAyaka banAne kI bAta kahI / jisa mArga meM sabake kalyANa kI, sabake udaya kI bAta kahI gaI ho, aise tatvoM ko apanAne se rASTra kI unnati hokara ve mAnava mAtra ke lie upayogI ho sakate haiM / isalie mahAvIra ke tatvoM kA vyApaka prasAra kiyA jAya / isase rASTra kI samasyAeM sulajhe aura grAja jo hiMsA, atyAcAra, asantoSa, bhraSTAcAra kA bolavAlA hai usa para niyantraNa hogA tathA kAnUna, daNDa dvArA jo samasyAeM nahIM mulagI unheM vyaktigata saMyama yA svecchA niyantraraNa se, naitikatA apanA kara sulajhAyA jA sakegA / jaba rASTra, bhAratIya saMskRti ke ina mahAn tatvoM ko apanAyegA taba prazAnta saMsAra jo bhArata kI ora AzA se nihAra rahA hai usakI apekSA pUrNa hogI / grAja vijJAna ne nAza ke sAdhanoM kA pracura mAtrA meM nirmANa kara saMsAra ko vinAza ke kinAre- lAkara rakha - diyA hai| saMsAra ke vicAraka, vaijJAnika, rAjanetA sabhI isase cintita haiM / isa sthiti ko yadi badalanA ho to mitrA hiMsA va anekAnta ke samatA aura samanvaya ke, dUsarA rAstA nahIM hai / jo pIr3ita aura sAvanarahita hai unheM samRddhavAnoM ko svecchA se saMyama aura tyAga apanA kara, sAdhana upalabdha karA denA cAhie / 1971 meM karIba 2200 vaijJAnikoM ne tathA abhI isa varSa saMsAra ke 356 pramukha vajJAnikoM ne "blU priNTa grApha saravAyavala" nAmaka

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bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlya nivedana meM kahA hai ki yadi hameM apanA astitva banAye rakhanA ho to saMyama ko apanAnA hogA / 327 bhautika samRddhi se sampanna rASTroM meM Aja bar3I vaicenI dikhAI par3atI hai / vahAM ke loga bhautika sukha-suvidhA aura sAdhanoM se Uba kara zAMti kI khoja meM lage hue haiM / ve bhArata kI ora bar3I prAzA se dekha rahe haiN| yahAM se koI bhI jAkara unheM yoga yA manaH zAnti ke upAya sujhAtA hai to ve use koI zAMti kA masIhA samajha kara usake pIche pAgala ho jAte haiM / ina saba bAtoM ko dekhakara lagatA hai ki jo dharma vuddhi ko santopa de sake, jisameM aMdhazraddhA yA camatkAra ko sthAna na ho, jo grAtma-vizvAsa va svAvalamvana para AdhArita ho, jisameM sAmpradAyikatA na ho aura prAraNI mAtra ke kalyANa kI kSamatA ho aise dharma ko apanAne ke liye saMsAra utsuka hai / jaina dharma meM ye sabhI vizeSatAeM haiM / para hamane use maMdira, upAzraya, sthAnaka tathA grapane taka hI sImita banA rakhA hai / hameM isI meM jaina dharma kI surakSA lagatI hai / yadi yahI sthiti rahI tava na hama usakA vizva meM prasAra kara sakate hai aura na hI usakA vizva kalyANakArI rUpa saMsAra ke samakSa rakhA jA sakatA hai / merA una logoM se namra vinaya hai ki jo jaina dharma ko vizva kalyANakArI mAnate hai, ve uTheM aura isa mahAn kArya ke liye apane Apako samarpita kreN| isa avasara para sAre vizva ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kA, unake upadezoM kA samyak paricaya karA kara saMsAra ko nAza se bacAne ke mahAna kArya meM agrasara hoM / ve yaha na samajheM sakeMge ? bhagavAn mahAvIra ne batAyA ki hama meM bhagavAn banane kI kSamatA hai / hama apanI supta zakti ko jAgRta kara bahuta kucha kara sakate haiM / usa Atma-vizvAsa ko lekara ve Age bar3ha" / saphalatA nizcita hai / ki ve kele kyA kara (3) gaNapati candra bhaNDArI : 1. mahAvIra dvArA sthApita jo bhI mUlya mAne jAte hai unameM syAdvAdI dRSTi ko maiM sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa mAnatA huuN| ho sakatA hai bhApAyI grabhivyakti kI apUrNatA ko hI dekha kara mahAvIra ne anAgraha ke isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA ho / kisI bhI satya ko vibhinna dRSTiyoM se dekhA jA sakatA hai / kisI bhI dArzanika ke siddhAntoM kA vivecana karate samaya yadi yaha dRSTi apanAI jAya to mata-bheda bhale hI ho, mana bheda hone kI gunjAiza nahIM rahatI / Apake isa prazna kI bhASA bar3I aTapaTI hai / progrAma lekara mahAvIra ne dIkSA lI aura phira una koI grAndolana calAyA yA saMgharSa kiyA / zrApakA prazna se grasita hai / mere vicAra se mahAvIra kevala grantaH preraNA lie hI dIkSit hue, kisI sAmAjika lakSya ko lekara nahI apane se hI kiyA aura saca pUchA jAya to zAyada unheM aisA lagatA hai jaise koI sudhAra kA mUlyoM kI sthApanA ke lie unhoMne gAMdhIvAdI grAndolanoM kI chAyA se samyak jJAna kI prApti ke aura saMgharSa to zAyada unhoMne apane se bhI saMgharSa karane kI

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328 paricarcA AvazyakatA nahIM rahI kyoMki kevalya ke nikaTa pahuMcI huI AtmA svayaM se saMgharSa ke sTeja ko to bahata pahale pAra kara cukI hotI hai| ho sakatA hai unhoMne vAraNI ke dvArA koI upadeza bhI na diyA ho kyoMki hara upadeza kI pravRtti ke pIche ahaMkAra khar3A rahatA hai / upadezaka kA artha hotA hai dUsare ko galata samajhanA, khuda ko sahI samajhanA aura dUsare ko apane mArga para calAne kA prayatna karanA / yaha saba ahaMkAra hai, jisakA mahAvIra meM lavaleza bhI nahIM ho sakatA, aura na koI syAdvAdI kinhI mUlyoM kA Agraha hI kara sakatA hai| jisa taraha sUrya ke udaya hote hI sArA saMsAra kriyAzIla ho uThatA hai aura karma kI eka dhArAsI svataH pravAhita hone lagatI hai usI prakAra vinA kucha kahe mahAvIra kI upasthiti hI zAyada logoM meM kalyANakArI bhAvanAeM jagAne meM samartha thii| unake upadeza logoM ko 'TelIpaithI' ke dvArA Atma preraNA ke rUpa meM hI prApta hue hoge| phira bhI, sAmAnyatayA yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki mahAvIra ne jIvana meM jina mUlyoM ko pratiSThita kiyA unameM se kucha mahattvapUrNa mUlya ye hai 'dhammo mamalamukkima, ahiMsA saMjamo tavo' arthAt ahiMsA saMyama aura tapalpa dharma sarvazreSTha maMgala hai / 2. bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThita mUlyoM ko pichale 2500 varSoM meM bar3I durgati huI hai| unakA hara mUlya eka DhakosalAsA bana gayA hai| ahiMsA cITiyoM ko zakkara aura kabUtaroM ko jvAra DAlane taka hI sImita raha gaI hai brahmacarya kI mahimA gAte hue bhI janasaMkhyA nirantara bar3ha jAtI rahI hai| jIvana kI kaThina paristhitiyoM ne kisI na kisI prakAra kI corI karane ke lie manupya ko vAdhya kara diyA hai| samAja meM parigraha ke prati grAsakti bar3hatI jA rahI hai / ina saba vikRtiyoM ke bIca meM 'satya' kI khoja muzkila ho gaI hai| aura mahAvIra dvArA sthApita AdhyAtmika mUlya pIche chUTa gaye haiM / isakA eka mAtra kAraNa hai AdhyAtmika jIvana kI ora Aja ke atRpta aura kuMThAgrasta manupya kA koI AkarpaNa na honA aura dharma kA rUr3hiyoM meM baMdha jAnA / 3. mArksa, gAMdhI, AiMsTIna Adi cintaka bhautika jIvana ko lakSya banA kara cale the jabaki mahAvIra kA lakSya AdhyAtmika thA, ataH ina meM dikhAI dene vAlA sAmya lakSya kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa vAstavika sAmya nhiiN| mArksa Arthika kSetra kA cintaka hai / mahAvIra ke aparigraha se usakA sAmya dikhatA hai parantu mahAvIra kI aparigraha kI sImA taka jAne ke lie mArksa kabhI taiyAra na hogA / yadi eka dUsare kA zoSaNa kie vinA saMsAra ke sAre prANI lakhapatI vana sakate hoM to mArsa ko koI Apatti nahIM hogI para mahAvIra ise kabhI svIkAra nahIM kareMge / ataH donoM meM bahuta antara hai| gAMdhI ne bhI satya aura ahiMsA ke prayoga rAjanIti meM kie / ve AdhyAtmika vyakti avazya the para unakA lakSya bhautika jIvana kI unnati hI thA ataH unakI ahiMsA bhI mahAvIra ko ahiMsA se bahuta bhinna hai / mahAvIra kI ahiMsA kI jo Upara vyAkhyA kI gaI hai, usake anusAra 'satyAgraha' bhI ahiMsaka AMdolana nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki vaha bhI

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bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlya 326 apane vicAroM ke anusAra dUsare ko jIne ke lie bAdhya karanA hai jise vizuddha AdhyAtmika dRSTi se ahiMsA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| AiMsTIna ke sApekSatAvAda aura mahAvIra ke syAdvAda meM bhI bahuta sAmya dikhAI detA hai| parantu sApekSatAvAda kA sambandha bhautika jIvana ke satyoM se hai jabaki syAdvAda ke kSetra meM pudgala ke sAtha-sAtha vicAroM kA kSetra bhI pA jAtA hai / AdhyAtmika jIvana ke vikAsa ke lie syAdvAdI dRSTikoNa apanAnA Avazyaka hai| dUsare sApekSatAvAda kA vala vastuoM kI 'sApekSika sthiti' para hai / vaha kisI kI nitAMta nirapekSa sattA svIkAra nahIM karatA javaki syAdvAda eka hI vastu ke athavA pudgala ke aneka rUpa svIkAra karatA hai / usakA vala sattA kI sApekSatA para nahIM hai / ina donoM dRpTiyoM ko bhI eka nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| 4. mai mahAvIra ko mUla rUpa meM samAja racanA ke Adarza sthApita karane vAlA vyakti nahIM mAnatA parantu vAda ke prAcAryoM ne vyaktigata sAdhanA ke mArga ko eka sAmUhika dharma kA rUpa diyA / aura isa prakAra mahAvIra ke mUla siddhAntoM ko kucha sarala karake sAmAjika jIvana ke lie upayogI bnaayaa| 5. bhagavAna mahAvIra ke isa parinirvANa mahotsava para yahI sandeza denA cAhUMgA ki hara vyakti, samAja aura rASTra kisI bhI baMdhI baMdhAI ciMtana dhArA kA andhAnukaraNa na karake vaha yuga ke anurUpa apane jIvana Adarzo aura naitika mAnadaNDoM kA nirmANa kare / java taka hameM bhAvI jIvana kI paristhitiyoM kA samyak jJAna na ho taba taka bhaviSya ke lie koI nizcita sandeza denA eka pravaMcanA mAtra hogii| (4) DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla : 1. bhagavAn mahAvIra tIrthaMkara the| tIrthakara svayaM to parinirvANa prApta karate ho hai kintu apane upadezoM ke dvArA ve jagat ko bhI zAzvata kalyANa ke mArga para lagAte hai| unakI jIvana sAdhanA dUsaroM ke lie preraNA-srota banatI hai| mahAvIra ke yuga meM bAhya kriyAkAMDoM kA bahuta jora thaa| dharma ke nAma para adharma hotA thaa| sAre samAja para eka varga vizeSa kA adhikAra thA / jo kevala apanI svArthapUrti meM lagA huA thaa| vAtAvaraNa meM itanI azAMti thI ki garIba aura amIra donoM kA hI dama ghuTane lagA thaa| lokabhASA kA cAroM ora nirAdara ho rahA thA aura vaidika bhASA para brAhmaNavarga kA ekAdhikAra thaa| Atmika zAMti mRga-tRSNA ke varAvara ho gaI thii| rAjakumAra avasthA meM mahAvIra ne jagat meM vyApta azAMti ko dekhA aura jaba ve mahAzramaNa vana gaye taba unhoMne mukti ke upAyoM para gaharAI se ciMtana kiyA aura anta meM 12 varpa kI kar3I taposAdhanA ke pazcAt unhoMne jina mUlyoM kI pratiSThA karanI cAhI unameM ahiMsA ko jIvana kI pratyeka gatividhi meM sarvopari sthAna diyaa| kyoMki vizvakalyANa ko jar3a ahiMsA hai, zAMti evaM sukha kA yaha eka mAtra AdhAra hai| jisane bhI

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paricarcA hiMsA ko jIvana kA aMga banAyA usIne duHkhoM se mukti prApta karalI aura jisane hiMsA ko apanAyA usane calAkara prazAMti ko nimantraNa diyA / 330 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne aparigraha evaM anekAMta ke siddhAntoM ko bhI jIvana meM utArane para bala diyA / unhoMne sarvaprathama ukta siddhAntoM ko pUrNataH apane jIvana meM utArA aura jaba ve apane mizana meM zatapratizata saphala rahe tava nirbhaya hokara vizva meM apanA saMdeza prasArita kiyA / mahAvIra graparigraha kI sAkSAta pratimUrti the / unhoMne anekAMta evaM syAdvAda kI mahatA ko bhI siddha kiyA / bhagavAn buddha ke samakAlIna hone evaM donoM kA eka hI pradeza meM vihAra hone para bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mahAtmA buddha ke astitva ko kabhI nakArA nahIM / isa prakAra unhoMne saha astitva kA sahI udAharaNa prastuta kiyA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanA samasta saMdeza zraddha mAgavI bhASA meM diyA jo usa samaya jana bhASA hI nahIM kintu sarvAdhika lokapriya bhASA thI / unhoMne kahA ki jaba taka hama jana bhASA meM apane vicAra vyakta nahIM kareMge tava taka hama apane mizana meM saphala nahIM hoMge / mahAvIra ne varga-bheda eva jAti-bheda kI bhAvanA kA ghora siddhAnta ko grasvIkRta kiyA aura apane samavazaraNa meM sabhI ko dharma zravaNa karane kI anumati dI / isa prakAra mahAvIra ne mAnava unameM bheda-bhAva kI bhAvanA ko jar3a se samApta kiyA / virodha kiyA, UMca-nIca ke yahAM taka ki pazu-pakSI ko mAtra ko gale lagAkara 2. bhagavAn mahAvIra ke parinirvAraNa ko 2500 varSa samApta ho gaye haiM / isa dIrghaM kAla meM deza ne pacAsoM bAra utthAna evaM patana dekhA hai kabhI vikAsa evaM samRddhi ke zikhara ko sparza kiyA hai to kabhI vaha garIbI, bhukhamarI evaM aMtaH kalaha kA zikAra huA hai / kintu deza meM bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlyoM kA sadaiva hI samAdara huA hai / bhArata deza ne ahiMsA ko sarvocca sthAna diyA aura jo jIvana meM jitanA adhika ahiMsaka rahA usakA utanA hI adhika samAdara huA aura use sabase adhika gyaa| deza meM mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM kI dayA ko saba ne zreSTha svIkAra kiyA aura prayAsa kiyA 1 pAvana evaM pUjya mAnA ahiMsA ko grathavA jIva jIvana meM utArane kA saMkhyA alpa hote hue bhI jahAM taka ho sakA use gAMvoM meM kucha samaya pahile taka kutte evaM billI ke bacce hone para unheM bhojana khilAne kI prathA thI tathA kisI bhI pazu evaM pakSI ko akAraNa daMDa nahIM dene kA vidhAna thA / kabUtaroM ko anAja DAlanA, cIloM ko pakor3e khilAnA, cIMTiyoM ko grATA DAlanA ye sava jIva dayA ke pratyakSa udAharaNa haiM / jo bhArata ke atirikta kahIM nahIM milate haiM / ahiMsA ke atirikta anekAMta ke siddhAnta kI pratiSThA yadyapi hama jainetara samAja ke sAtha avazya kara pAye aura saha astitva kI bhAvanA ko jIvana meM utArane meM hama saphala bhI hue parantu mahAvIra ke anuyAyI saha-astitva ke siddhAnta ko vyavahAra meM nahIM apanA sake caura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kucha hI varSo pazcAt jaina saMgha vibhinna sampradAyoM meM vibhAjita ho

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bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlya 331 Cn8 "gayA aura ve paraspara eka-dUsare se ulajhane lage / dharma kA sahArA lekara vastra, pUjA-paddhati, tIrtha evaM mandiroM ke nAma para ve eka-dUsare se lar3ane lage aura anekAMta ke siddhAnta ko bhulA baitthe| Aja ke yuga meM bhI yadi tIrthoM evaM mandiroM ke jhagar3e samApta ho jAyeM athavA sahaastitva kI bhAvanA se rahanA sIkha leM tabhI hama mahAvIra ke pratiSThApita mUlyoM kA deza meM pracAra-prasAra kara sakate haiN| 3. bhagavAna mahAvIra kA samasta tattva ciMtana ahiMsA, anekAMta aura aparigraha para AdhArita hai / varga evaM jAti hIna samAja kI racanA meM unhoMne ahiMsA ko pramukhatA dI hai javaki mArksa, AinsTIna, sAtra Adi cintakoM ne ahiMsA ...ko utanI pramukhatA nahIM dI hai / inake tatvaciMtana meM pUjIvAda ke viruddha adhika prAkroza hai tathA vahAM Atma-zuddhi kI ora koI lakSya nahIM hai.| gAMdhIvAda meM yadyapi Atma-zuddhi kI aora bhI jora diyA gayA hai lekina jIvana ke pratyeka vyApAra meM ahiMsA kA koI mahattva nahI hai| jabaki bhagavAn mahAvIra kA tatva ciMtana hI ahiMsA kI nIMva para khar3A hai| 4. Aja ke yuga ke pramukha mUlya hai-Arthika viSamatA ko dUra karanA, saha-astitva kI bhAvanA para jora denA / tathA varga vihIna samAja kI racanA karanA ina mUlyoM kI pratiSThA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA vadalate saMdarbho meM bhI utanI hI upayogI hai jitanI pahile kabhI thii| 5. vyakti se samAja, samAja se rASTra evaM rASTra se vizva banatA hai| isalie yadi vyakti svastha hai to samAja evaM rASTra bhI svastha hai / mahAvIra parinirvANa mahotsava para merA pratyeka vyakti se yahI nivedana hai ki vaha svayaM mahAvIra banane kA prayAsa kare / ahiMsA ke mArga para calakara anekAMta siddhAnta ko jIvana meM utAre tathA satvepu maitrI guriNaSu pramodam, kliSTepu jIveSu kRpA paratvaM' maya jIvana kA nirmANa kare / / (5) zrI jayakumAra jalaja: 1. mahAvIra apane samaya meM jIvamAtra kI svatantratA ke lie lar3e / vAstava meM padArtha mAtra kI svatantratA meM, cAhe vaha jIva ho yA ajIva, unakA vizvAsa thaa| unake anusAra sabhI padArtha apane pariNamana yA vikAsa ke lie svayaM upAdAna hai| eka padArtha dUsare padArtha ke lie nimitta ho sakatA hai, upAdAna nahIM / padArtho ko unhoMne ananta AyAmI, anantadharmA mAnA thA / ve unakI virATatA se paricita the| zeSa sAre mUlyaahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha aura bhI jo haiM-mahAvIra ke lie jIva mAtra kI svatantratA ko upalabdha karAne ke sAdhana bhara the| 2. paccIsa sau varSa meM bhI hama jIva mAtra kI svatantratA ko prApta nahI kara sake / jo bhI sImita aura satahI upalabdhi hamAro hai vaha sirpha manuSya ke sandarbha meM hI hai / phrAMsIsI krAMti aura usake bAda vibhinna svatantratA-AndolanoM ke phalasvarUpa eka vahuta satahI rAjanItika AjAdI manuSya ko milI hai / kaI deza abhI bhI gulAma hai| anya kaI dezoM meM tathAkathita svatantratA ke bAvajUda gulAmI jaisI sthiti hai / kucha denA

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paricarcA aise bhI haiM jo saiddhAMtika rUpa meM bhI apane sabhI nAgarikoM ko samAna nahIM mAnate / dakSiNa aphrIkA, roDeziyA, aura yahAM taka ki pAkistAna jaise dezoM ke saMvidhAna bhI varNa yA dharma ke AdhAra para apane hI nAgarikoM meM bheda karate haiM / aMgolA, mojambIka, yugANDA, cilI aura eziyA ke aneka nava svatantra dezoM meM manuSya kA sammAna aura jIvana bhayaMkara, khataroM ke sAmane khar3A hai| ina sthitiyoM meM mahAvIra ke jIva mAtra kI svatantratA ke mUlya ko upalabdha karane meM abhI paccIsa sau varSa aura laga jAeM to Azcarya nhiiN| 3. moTe taura para ina cAroM ciMtakoM ke tatva-ciMtana aura mahAvIra ke tatva-ciMtana meM koI maulika antara nahIM hai / lekina inakA ciMtana manuSya taka hI sImita hai / mahAvIra kI taraha ananta jIva-sRSTi kI cintA inheM nahIM hai| ye jaise eka bar3e prAMgana ke eka kone ko hI vuhAra rahe hai| gAMdhIjI meM avazya usa kone ke bAhara bhI dekhane kI kucha AturatA hai / isIlie zAyada ve mahAvIra ke adhika nikaTa haiN| inameM se AiMsTIna ne padArtha kI virATatA ke pratyakSa darzana kie the| lekina ve manIpI vaijJAnika the| padArtha kI virATatA ke pratyakSa darzana kI ghaTanA se ve camatkRta to hue, mahAvIra kI taraha abhibhUta nahIM / mahAvIra ke jJAna-cakSutroM ke samakSa yaha ghaTanA ghaTita huI thii| isa ghaTanA se unakA ciMtana, vyavahAra aura samUcA jIvana prabhAvita huA / ve loka nAyaka aura trikAla purupa bana gae / isake viparIta AiMsTIna ke liye isakA mahatva anusaMdhAna ke stara para thaa| isalie anusaMdhAna kA santopa aura sammAna hI unheM milaa| 4. Aja ke sandarbha adhika jaTila ho gae haiM / vahuta sI bAtoM aura kAryoM meM parokSatA A gaI hai| daraasala paccIsa sau varSoM meM arthazAstra aura bhUgola vahuta badala gaye haiM / isaliye sabhI kSetroM meM prAyaH sabhI prakriyAe anivArya rUpa se badalI haiN| lekina itanA saba hone para bhI manupya meM koI maulika antara nahIM AyA hai / vaha aba bhI paccIsa sau varSa pahale kI taraha hI rAga-dvIpa kA putalA hai-ahaMkArI, svArthI, dUsare ke liye sUI kI noka ke varAvara bhI bhUmi na dene vAlA, 'bhI' para nahIM 'hI' para hI dRSTi rakhane vaalaa| isalie mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA aba bhI prAsaMgika hai / mahAvIra to eka dRSTi pradAna karate haiM / vaha dRSTi hai-dUsare ke liye bhI hAziyA chodd'o| isa dRSTi ke anusAra hama sabhI kSetroM meM apane vyavahAra ko nirdhArita kara sakate haiN| 5. dUsare ke liye hAziyA chor3ane kI bAta kA hamArI anubhUti se nirantara sAkSAtkAra ho / vaha hamArI anubhUti hI bana jAya / hama anubhava kareM ki hamAre atirikta bhI padArtha-sattAeM haiM-karor3a, sau karor3a nahIM, ananta / aura ve anantadharmA haiM, virATa; itanI virATa ki unheM sampUrNatA meM dekha pAnA hamAre liye asambhava hai / isalie unake lie hAziyA chor3anA una para dayA karanA nahIM hai / yaha unakA sahaja prAptavya hai / (6) DaoN0 indararAja vaida: 1. mahAvIra kA AvirbhAva aise samaya meM huA java bhAratIya jana-mAnasa meM bhaya, aMdha-vizvAsa, bhedabhAva, ADambara, aura rUr3hiyoM ne ghara kara kiyA thA / samAja meM na naitikatA

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bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlya 1 raha gaI thI aura na hI mAnavIyatA / dharma ke nAma para nirIha jIvoM kA vadha to hotA hI thA, zudra kahalAne vAle loga bhI tiraskAra aura tAr3anA ke pAtra samajhe jAte the / aM zraddhA kI cAdara meM vyakti kA grAtmaciMtana aura bhAgyavAda ke vyAmoha meM puruSArtha chipa se gaye the | adhyAtma ko loga zrAtmA se pare kI cIja samajha rahe the / paramabrahma aura paramAtmA ke rahasyajAla meM sIdhI-sAdI zrAtmA ulajhakara raha gayI thI / aise viSama vAtAvaraNa meM mahAvIra ne dharma ke sahI aura sahaja svarUpa ko udghATita, vyAkhyAyita aura pratiSThita karane kA bIr3A uThAyA / prakArAMtara se vaha aisI krAMti kA sUtrapAtra thA, jisameM jar3IbhUta AsthAtroM, mithyA dhAraNAoM aura asvastha rUr3hiyoM se lohA lene kA AhvAna thA / vaha saMgharSa grAsthA, viveka, puruSArtha, zrAtmavizvAsa, nirbaMdhatva aura aMtara-sAmya jaise mAnavIya mUlyoM kI sthApanA kA saMgharSa thA / 333 2. naitika mUlyoM kI pratiSThA ke lie mAnava ko virodhI zaktiyoM se sadaiva jUjhanA par3A hai / hama meM aura mahAvIra meM aMtara yaha hai ki jahAM mahAvIra ne saMgharSa kiyA aura vijaya prApta kI, vahAM hama saMgharSa se mAtra palAyana karate rahe haiM / yadi saMgharSa kiyA bhI hai to nitAMta kRtrima / yahI kAraNa hai ki mAnava-jIvana meM Aja bhI ve mUlya sahI mAne meM pratiSThita nahIM ho pAye haiM / hamane apanI grAsthA ko Aja taka koI AdhAra nahIM diyA / hamAre viveka para aba bhI jaMga lagI huI hai / hama bhAgyArthI puruSArtha ko pahicAnane kA kapTa taka nahIM karate / grAtma-vizvAsa to hama kaba kA kho cuke haiN| AMtarika hI nahIM, vAhya baMdhanoM aura prabhAvoM se bhI to vyaktitva ko mukta nahIM rakha pAye haiM hama / vaiSamya to hamAre grArthika, sAmAjika, pArivArika aura yahAM taka ki vaiyaktika stara para bhI prar3A baiThA hai / vastutaH hama meM saMtulita cintana zakti aura saMkalpa kI dRr3hatA kI kamI hai / dUsare zabdoM meM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki hama meM darzana, jJAna aura cAritrya ke samyaktva kA prabhAva rahA hai / 3. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA mArksa, gAMdhI, AiMsTIna Adi vicArakoM se sambandha viThAnA athavA unakI vicAradhArAoM meM samAnatA ke tatva DhUMDhanA merI dRSTi meM samIcIna nahIM hai | ukta vicArakoM ne apane-apane samaya kI paristhitiyoM ke pariprekSya meM apane vicAra rakve the / paristhitiyoM ke badalane ke sAtha unake vicAroM kI mahattA, mUlyatA aura upAdeyatA kA badalanA bhI svAbhAvika hai / yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki unakA cintana bhI mahAvIra ke citana kI taraha sArvabhauma aura sanAtana ho / jahAM taka mAnava-mAnava kI samAnatA kI bAta hai, mahAvIra aura anya ciMtakoM ke vicAra samAna hI hai / para dRSTikoNa phira bhI apane-apane saMdarbhoM ke anusAra alaga-alaga hai / 4. Aja kA yuga buddhi kA yuga hai| vijJAna kI nUtana upalabdhiyoM ke bIca jisa mAnava-samAja kI saMracanA kA prArUpa taiyAra kiyA jA rahA hai, vaha yadi mahAvIra ke ciMtana se anuprerita aura sampAdita ho, to eka naye saMgharSahIna samAja kA udaya bhI sambhava hai / mahAvIra kA darzana aise mAnava samAja kI samasta rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, dhArmika, pArivArika aura vaiyaktika pravRtiyoM kA niyamana kara sakatA hai / hiMsA ra

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334 anekAMta ko apanAkara jahAM vyakti vaiyaktika stara para apanI rAgAtmakatA ko adhika vyApaka aura apane dRSTikoNa ko adhika udAra banA sakatA hai, vahAM samAja yA rASTra kI zAsana vyavasthA bhI zAMti aura vizva-baMdhutva kI rAha pA sakatI hai| hamArI dharma-nirapekSa samAjavAdI vyavasthA kI kalpanA bhI tabhI caritArtha ho sakegI jaba ma vyaSTigata vicAroM ko anekAMtAtmaka aura vyavahAra ko ahiMsAtmaka bnaaeNge| 5. bhagavAn mahAvIra ke parinirvANa-mahotsava ke avasara para unake sandeza ko Adeza mAnakara zirodhArya karane kI, aura tadanusAra AcaraNa karane kI AvazyakatA hai| samAja, rASTra aura vizva kI mahanIya ikAI hai mAnava / yadi yaha mAnava akelA hI, ahiMsA, anekAMta aura aparigraha ke mArga para calane kA saMkalpa le aura cale to vaha apanA aura apane sAtha samAja, rASTra aura vizva kA bhI kalyANa kara sakatA hai| . (7) DaoN0 cainasiMha baralA : . 1. tatkAlIna yuga meM vyApta hiMsA ke bar3hate hue prabhAva ko rokanA, merI dRSTi meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA pramukha uddezya thA / parantu mahAvIra kI ahiMsA kAyaroM kI ahimA nahIM thI / jahAM isameM eka ora hameM sahiSNutA kA sandeza milatA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora anyAya ke prati saMgharSa kI preraNA bhI prApta hotI hai / mahAvIra ne yaha bhI sandeza diyA ki prANimAtra ko jIne kA adhikAra hai aura karma hI manuSya ko niyati kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai| Izvara sRSTi kA na to racayitA hai aura na hI saMcAlaka ! ina dhAraNAoM ko prastuta karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dharma ke nAma para cala rahe pAkhaNDa kA pratikAra kiyaa| yahI nahIM, caturvidha saMgha ke mahatva ko spaSTa karate hue unhoMne sAmAjika vyavasthA evaM dharma ke bIca eka mahatvapUrNa tAratamya sthApita kiyA / isa prakAra unhoMne dharma guruoM kA samAja para pracalita ekAdhikAra samApta karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| 2. merI samajha meM to DhAI hajAra varSa ke bAda bhI hama bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pradatta mUlyoM ko vyApaka kSetra meM pratiSThApita karane meM asaphala rahe haiM / islAma evaM IsAI dharmo kA jisa prakAra vistAra humA, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mUlyoM ko usa rUpa meM vistRta phalaka nahIM diyA jA sakA yA jana sAdhAraNa ko inheM samajhane kA avasara nahIM mila skaa| - 3. pichale do sau varSoM meM praudyogika krAMti evaM usase sambaddha isa Arthika vicAradhArA ne ki mAnavIya kalyANa kI abhivRddhi hetu bhautika sAdhanoM kA saMcaya Avazyaka hai, mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kI Adhunika saMdarbha meM upAdeyatA ko kAphI kama kara diyA / svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM ne bhI vyAvahArika jIvana meM bhautika sukhoM ko sarvopari mAnanA prArambha kara diyA / bhautika sAdhanoM kI prApti evaM saMcaya hetu anya logoM ke zopaNa evaM unake adhikAroM ke hanana ko bhI anucita nahIM samajhA gayA / yadi unhoMne svayaM apane jIvana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke AdarzoM ko utArA hotA to ve anya logoM ke samakSa anukaraNIya udAharaNa prastuta kara sakate the| isase eka vyApaka rUpa meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM ko pratiSThApita karane meM sahAyatA miltii|

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bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlya vyAvahArika jIvana meM svayaM jaina vandhu kitane sahiSNu haiM, syAdvAda ko kitanA mAnate haiM, yaha batAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kI parantu grAja zrAvaka va zrAvikAeM kitane sajaga evaM mananazIla haiM yaha batAne kI bhI meM AvazyakatA nahIM samajhatA / grAja sAmAjika jIvana meM nAma va upAdhiyoM kI liptA tathA pArasparika rAgadveSa bar3hate jA rahe haiM / jaina samAja bhI isase achUtA nahIM hai / pariNAma svarUpa zrAcaraNa meM zithilatA grAnA svAbhAvika hai / 335 3. merI dRSTi meM mahAtmA gAMdhI ko chor3akara bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA evaM mAvarsa, AiMsTIna va sAtra ke vicAroM meM tanika bhI samAnatA nahIM hai / ina dArzanikoM ke vicAra Adhunika samasyAoM ke sandarbha meM ubhara kara sAmane aae| mArksa ne pUMjIvAda .. ke bar3hate huye prabhAva ko samApta karane hetu hiMsAtmaka tarIkoM se bhI sAmyavAda kI sthApanA kA AhvAna kiyA parantu ve samAja ko bhautikatA se mukta karane sambandhI koI sujhAva nahIM de sake / grAiMsTIna bhautikavAda ke bar3hate hue prabhAvoM se cintita avazya pratIta hote haiM parantu mahAvIra kI jitanI gambhIratA evaM gahanatA se unhoMne mAnavIya samasyAtroM ke nirAkaraNa meM zrAtmavala ke yogadAna ko mahatva nahIM diyA / ina dArzanikoM ne karmoM ko niyati kA nirdhAraka nahIM mAnA aura na hI kisI prakAra punarjanma Adi ke viSaya meM vistRta vivecanA ko / bhaviSya ke viSaya meM AiMsTIna bahuta dUra kI nahIM soca sake jabaki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne paMcama dhArA ke viSaya meM jo bhaviSyavANiyAM kI ve grAja sahI hotI pratIta hotI haiM | mahAtmA gAMdhI kI grahiMsA se hameM zrAtatAyI ke prati bhI sahiSNutA va samabhAva rakhane kI preraNA milatI hai / 4. navIna samAja kI racanA meM sarvAdhika yogadAna bhagavAn mahAvIra kA aparigraha siddhAnta de sakatA hai| svayaM ko bar3A mAnane va bhautika sukhoM ke sAdhana kevala svayaM ko prApta hoM, isI bhAvanA ke vazIbhUta hokara kArya karane ke kAraNa, Aja sampanna vyakti yenakena prakAreNa dhana kA saMcaya karatA hai / use samAja va deza ke loga bhale hI sammAna deM parantu the dUsare logoM ko heya samajha kara unakI upekSA karane kI bhAvanA ne grAja choTe samUhoM ko hI nahIM, sampUrNa vizva ko vighaTita kara diyA hai / jisa kSaNa hama bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana se preraNA lekara sahiSNutA evaM jiyo va jIne do ke siddhAnta para amala karane lageMge, hamArA pArasparika vaimanasya samApta ho jAyegA evaM vahIM se navIna samAja kI saMracanA prArambha hogI 1 P 5.. bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2500 veM parinirvANa ke pravasara para meM pratyeka nAgarika se yaha anurodha karUMgA ki vaha sva hita tathA haThadharmitA kI pravRtti ko chor3a kara samAja va samUce deza ke hitArtha kucha na kucha yogadAna avazya kre| jaina bandhutroM se merA vinamra nivedana hai ki ve bhagavAn mahAvIra ke Adarzo kA pAlana karate hue sampradAyavAda se Upara uThakara eka rUpa meM saMgaThita hoM / kyA yaha mahAvIra ke Adarzo ke anukUla nahIM hogA ki jamAkhorI va munAphAkhorI kI pravRtti ko chor3akara apanI logo ko rojI dene yA prabhAva pIr3ita logoM ko unakI saMcita pUMjI kA eka bhAga bekAra nyUnatama AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti

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paricarcA hetu prayukta kareM ? zAdI vyAha yA pArivArika utsavoM para hone vAle apavyaya ko rokakara yadi hama usa rAzi ko adhikatama jana-kalyANa hetu prayukta kareM to zreSTha hogaa| rASTra yA vizva ke nAma koI saMdeza dene se to maiM yahI behatara samabhUgA ki isa mahotsava ke samaya hama svayaM mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM para amala karanA prAraMbha kreN| aMdhavizvAsoM ke dAyare se Upara uThakara hama apane AcaraNa meM kSamA, aparigraha evaM satya ko kisa sImA taka utAra pAte haiM, yahI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prati hamArI vAstavika zraddhA kA pratIka hogA / (8) DaoN0 rAmagopAla zarmA : 1. bhagavAn mahAvIra bhAratavarSa ke una mahApuruSoM meM agraNI haiM jinhoMne isa deza ke cintana tathA itihAsa ko eka naI dizA pradAna kii| bhArata ke sAMskRtika vikAsa meM unakA yogadAna advitIya hai / vaidika saMskRti java janasAdhAraNa kI dhArmika evaM sAmAjika AkAMkSAoM kI pUrti karane meM asaphala rahI to bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sabake lie sarala evaM suvodha dharma kA upadeza dekara yuga kI mAMga ko pUrA kiyaa| unhoMne hiMsaka vaidika karmakANDa, veda-prAmANya tathA janma para AdhArita varNa vyavasthA kA tIvra virodha kiyA aura sAmAjika samatA ke aAdarza kA udghoSa kiyA / unhoMne dharma ke dvAra vinA kisI prakAra kI UMca nIca ke, bheda-bhAva ke, sabhI logoM ke lie khola die| isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra yugadraSTA evaM sAmAjika krAnti ke sUtradhAra vane / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mAnava-jIvana ke antima dhyeya ke rUpa meM mokSa kA Adarza rakhA aura use prApta karane kA vyAvahArika mArga sujhAyA / unhoMne isa zAzvata satya kA udghATana kiyA ki duHkha kA kAraNa manuSya kI kabhI tRpta na hone vAlI tRSNA hai tathA duHkha evaM tRSNA kA nirodha samyak jJAna evaM samyak AcaraNa dvArA saMbhava hai| unake dvArA nirdiSTa triratna (samyak darzana, samyak jJAna tathA samyak cAritra) meM samyak cAritra jaina sAdhanA kA sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa aMga hai / jo zraddhApUrvaka mAnya ho cukA aura jAnA jA cukA, use karma meM pariNata karanA hI samyak cAritra hai| isa samyak cAritra ke antargata paMca mahAvratoM kA vidhAna hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ina mahAvratoM meM eka sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa brahmacaryavrata kA samAveza kiyA / ina mahAvratoM meM ahiMsA kA bhI pradhAna sthAna hai / yadyapi ahiMsA bhAratavarSa kA eka prAcIna siddhAMta hai, kintu jainadharma ne jisa prakAra ise AcAra-saMhitA meM samAviSTa kiyA, vaha nizcaya hI mahatvapUrNa hai / jaina mata sava carAcara jagat pazu-pakSI, per3a-paudhe, kIr3e-makor3e, yahAM taka ki miTTI ke kaNa-karaNa meM bhI jIva kA nivAsa mAnatA hai aura mana-vacana evaM karma se kisI kI hiMsA na karane kA nirdeza karatA hai / jaina dharma meM ahiMsA kevala eka niSedhAtmaka siddhAMta hI nahIM, balki eka vidheyAtmaka Adarza hai jo vyakti ko mAnava-kalyANa meM nirantara saMlagna rahane kI zikSA detA hai / isa prakAra jaina mata meM nIti ke sAmAjika pakSa kI avahelanA nahIM kI gaI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne vyAvahArika jIvana meM sAdhanA-paddhati kA nirdeza kiyaa| unhoMne mAnava ke lie vizuddha tapomaya jIvana-vinyAsa kI pratiSThA kii| unhoMne sAmAjika

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bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlya 337 jIvana meM sadAcAra ke Adarza kI sarvopari pratiSThA kI ora na kevala saMnyAsiyoM ke lie, valki gRhasthoM ke lie bhI kaThora AcaraNa kA nirdeza kiyaa| unhoMne na akele jJAna para aura na akele pAcaraNa para, balki donoM para hI samAna rUpa se jora diyaa| unhoMne apane utkRpTa cAritra dvArA deza meM sAdhu cAritra kA sarvaprathama Adarza upasthita kiyaa| unake cAritra ne mAnava ke pUrNa vikAsa kA vaha udAharaNa prastuta kiyA thA jisameM ahiMsA, kSamA, titikSA, tyAga jaise udAtta mAnavIya guNoM kI utkRSTatama abhivyakti huI thI / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne saMnyAsa tathA tapa kI vicAradhArA ko lokapriya banAyA aura nivRtti ke usa udAtta Adarza kI pratiSThA kI jisane pravRttiparaka vaidika saMskRti ke svarUpa ko hI badala ddaalaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne anekAMtavAda athavA syAdvAda ke mahatvapUrNa siddhAMta kI sthApanA kI jo vastu ke jJAna sambandhI vibhinna dRSTikoNoM kI satyatA ko svIkAra karatA hai / yaha siddhAMta tatvadarzana ke pratyeka prayatna ko sApekSa satyatA pradAna karatA hai| isa siddhAMta meM samanvaya, saha-astitva evaM sahanazIlatA ke AdarzoM kI utkRSTatama abhivyakti huI hai| 2. bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jina mUlyoM kI pratiSThA kI thI, Aja kA samAja unake prati niSThAvAna nahIM hai aura dharma ke bAhya saMsthAgatarUpa kI ora hI adhika AkRSTa hai| Aja hama bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita AdhyAtmika evaM naitika mUlyoM kI apekSA bhautikavAdI dRSTikoNa evaM arthalolupatA se adhika prabhAvita haiM / yena kena prakAreNa artha kA saMcaya evaM bhoga hI jIvana kA lakSya bana gayA hai aura yahI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke mArga kI sabase bar3I bAdhA hai| 3. jaina tatvacintana meM aNu-siddhAMta kA sabase prAcInatama rUpa milatA hai / jaina darzana aNu-siddhAMta ke mAdhyama se bhautika jagat kI racanA kI pUrNa vyAkhyA prastuta karatA hai aura isake lie brahma athavA Izvara nAmaka kisI Alaukika sattA ko nahIM svIkAra karatA / anekAMta ke jaina siddhAMta tathA pAzcAtya dArzanika hegela evaM kArla mArksa ke virodhavikAsa paddhati ke siddhAMta meM bhI kucha samAnatA hai / sApekSavAdI jaina mata tathA AinsTIna ke sApekSatA ke siddhAMta ke bIca bhI samAnatA dIkha par3atI hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI kI vargavihIna ahiMsaka samAja kI kalpanA tathA satyAgraha, ahiMsA, aparigraha evaM brahmacarya kI dhAraNA bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dvArA nirdiSTa ahiMsA Adi mahAvratoM ke anurUpa hai / 4. Aja hamAre samAja ke samakSa jo bhayAvaha aura naitika saMkaTa upasthita hai, usakA parihAra bhagavAn mahAvIra kI zikSAoM dvArA saMbhava hai / svArtha timira se AcchAdita Aja ke samAja meM sadAcAra kA nitAnta abhAva hai| aisI sthiti meM bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA nirdiSTa paMca mahAvratoM kA paripAlana atyanta hitakara ho sakatA hai, kyoMki svArtha ke dharAtala se Upara uThakara hI mAnava loka kalyANa kA mAdhyama bana sakatA hai / anaitika jIvana bhoga-vilAsa evaM dhana-lolupatA kI sAmAjika burAiyoM kA parihAra satya, asteya, aparigraha grAdi mahAvratoM ke paripAlana se sarvathA saMbhava hai| deza kI nirantara bar3hatI huI janasaMkha

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338 parica meM kA niyantraNa bhI brahmacarya ke pAlana vicAraarrAyoM tathA mata-matA haante kena na saMbhava hai / jaina darzana kA syAhAda yA dhAnnavAda kA viyoga bhArata meM u dRSTikoNa ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka rahA hai aura gArI bhI mana kI sApekSatA ko svIkAra karane ke bAda jIvana ke kisI bhI meM pada anudAratA ke lie guMjA nahIM rahatI / vizeSa (9) DaoN0 narendrakumAra siMghI 5. bhagavAn mahAvIra kI zikSAoM me maneza nAgara vi kAla kI sImAoM se nahIM hai| mahAvIra parinirvANa ho parama tatvoM kA udghATana mAnava nAdi ke lie prema hotA hai| ke nika evaM buddhivAdI yuga meM jaina dharma mAnava ke lie vizeSa AnA hai| buddhivAdI vyakti aise dharma kI kAmanA karatA hai jo dina meM mukta ho aura jo kevala vRddhivAda evaM madAcAra para AdhArita ho / dharma kI apekSA karatA hai jo samasta mAnavatA ke sara evaM eka paravAn mahAvIra kA vicAra tattva jaTila karmakANDoM tathA me evaM buddhivAda para AdhArita hai| yahI nahIM yaha tatva samasta mAnava jAti virodhI vivA karAne ke lie kRtasaMkalpa hai / yAja kA naMmAra vibhinna tathA vAdoM ke saMgharSaNa se pIr3ita hai / aisI sahiSNutAparaka samanvayAtmaka pravRtti niradeha prastuta kara sakatI hai | yahI nahIM jaina dharma kA sandeza paramANu yuddha kI vibhISikA se sakatA hai / meM Birtan ke fan meM ni grAdarza mAnava samAja kI racanA kA pAra nayA hastitva evaM kA mAnavatA ke lie Aja bhI bhASAprada ho sadAcAra meM zuka 1. jaina dharma kI vyAkhyA evaM vivecanA vauddhika-tArkika stara para unake kI gUr3hatA ke saMdarbha meM apratyAzita rUpa se paryApta dRSTigocara hotI hai / jina manISiyoM evaM vijJoM ne jaina dharma ke vibhinna pahaluoMoM kI vivecanA kI hai, usase isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki bauddhika stara para isake darzana va tarka kI zakti vizva ke vaijJAnika svarUpa ko vyAkhyAyita karane meM sakSama hai | kisI bhI dharma ke grAdhyAtmika mahattva ko usake upAsakoM kI saMkhyA se prAMkanA dharma ke gahanatama va guhya artha ko nakAranA hai / prAyaH kisI bhI dharma ke anuyAyiyoM ko saMkhyA usake pracAra-prasAra va usako pradatta rAjAzraya para nirbhara karatI hai / zranuyAyIgaraNa sAmAnyarUpa se dharma ke vizvAsoM va anuSThAnoM ke pakSoM ko mahattva dekara, usake prAdhyAtmika va darzanazAstrI pakSa ko samajhane kA prayAsa nahIM karate / sAmAjika va sAMsArika pakSa unake itane pravala ho jAte haiM ki dharma, mAtra jAti kI bhAMti, janmataH eka samUha meM ekAtmatA kA bodha prastuta karatA hai jo vyavahAragata laukika kArya-kalApoM meM upayogI siddha hotA hai / sabhI dharma usa

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bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlya dRSTikoNa se vyApaka rUpa meM mAtra vyavahAragata haiM, jinameM anuSThAna va rUr3higata vizvAsa pramukha rUpa se ubharate haiM / 336 dhArmika andhazraddhA (fanaticism ) va pracAra-prasAra para kucha svasthApita rukAvaToM ke kAraNa jaina dharma ke anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA tulanAtmaka rUpa se kama rahI hai | isake alpasaMkhyaka anuyAyIgaraNa saMpanna hI rahe haiM / dharma ke aparigraha ke mahattvapUrNa pakSa ke antargata yaha virodhAbhAsa vyakti ko apane dhana ke eka aMza ko vibhinna dhArmika kAryo meM lagAne ke lie prerita karatA / isa prakAra dAna va sevA kI paramparA ke mAdhyama se isa dharma ne eka mahattvapUrNa mAnavIya pakSa ko prastuta kara sAmAjika hita kI rakSA kI hai / isake sAtha hI jaina dharma kI tapasyA kA prabhAva anuyAyiyoM meM vyApaka rUpa se prabala rahA hai / upavAsa va isase sambandhita grAtma-niyaMtraNa ke anya mAdhyamoM meM eka svastha anuzAsanIya paramparA kA nirmANa huA hai / jIvana ke vyavahAragata kArya-kalApoM meM 'ina pravRttiyoM ne sarjanAtmaka va phaladAyaka bhUmikA nibhAyI hai / 2. bhagavAn mahAvIra ko Aja 2500 varSa ho gae haiM / isa sudIrgha kAlAvadhi meM unake dvArA pratipAdita mUlyoM kA vyApaka rUpa se prAdhyAtmika stara para pratiSThAna va grAtmasAtIkaraNa nahIM huA hai / phira bhI vyaktigata stara para aneka loga bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita mUlyoM se prabhAvita ho Atma-vikAsa kI ora agrasara hue haiN| AdhyAtmika evaM mAnavIya mUlya Aja ke samAja meM vigata zatAbdiyoM se adhika vikasita va pariSkRta hue haiM; yaha mAnanA zakya hai / sAmAjika vikAsa kI prakriyA kA svarUpa nirdhAraNa AdhArabhUta mUlyoM ke anurUpa nahIM huA hai / deza, samAja va vyakti bhautika pragati ke uparAnta bhI vyaktigata va samUhagata pIr3A tathA kamajoriyoM se trasta hai | samAjagata dRSTi se vikAsa kI apUrNatA hone para bhI vyaktigata staroM para prApta aneka upalabdhiyAM jaina darzana va usakI zrAdhyAtmikatA kI mahattA kI paricAyaka haiM / 3. vyaktigata mokSa kI paramparA se haTakara saMpUrNa vizva kI cetanA ke rUpAntaraNa kI zrAvazyakatA adhika sArthaka va tarkayukta pratIta hotI hai / vikAsavAda ke siddhAnta ke nurUpa vartamAna sthiti mAnavIya vikAsa kI antima sthiti nahIM hai varan yaha isake pare ke vikAsakrama kI prAdhyAtmika saMbhAvya kA tArkika pakSa prastuta karatI hai, jisake antargata navIna samAja va uccatara mAnava kI saMbhAvanA hai / 4. navIna samAja-racanA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA kA atyanta mahattva hai / vizva ke sImita sAdhanoM meM aparigraha ke siddhAnta se svecchika sAmyavAda kI sthApanA kI jA sakatI hai / manuSya ke jIvana kI bhautika kleza- kaThinAiyoM ke kAraNa hI grAja kA mAnava UMcanIca, varga va svArtha-samUhoM meM vibhakta hai / ataH vaha inameM grAvaddha hone se mAtra satahI jIvana vyatIta karatA hai / isa kAraNa vaha apanI kSamatAoM va AkAMkSAoM ke prati anabhijJa rahatA hai / aparigraha ke siddhAnta kI prasthApanA se vyakti va samUha nimna koTi ke svArtha va IrSyA se baca jAyeMge va apanI zakti ko Urdhva bhUmikA ke stara para lagA sakeMge / isase mAnavetara lakSyoM kI prApti sahaja ho skegii| wrong turque mR 1

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340 paricarcA 5. sAmyavAda va grAdhyAtma kA suvyavasthita sAmanjasya bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA meM spaSTa hai / vyakti, samAja va rASTra kA rUpAntaraNa va vikAsa jIvana va sRSTi ke sarvAgoraNa pakSoM ko lekara adhika saMbhAvya hai / vizva meM sImita bhautika sAdhanoM ko dekhate hue, jaina dharma adhika vyavahAragata pratIta hotA hai / pratispardhAtmaka prakriyA ke sAmAjika va manovaijJAnika prabhAvoM ne jIvana meM nirAzA kI bhAvanA ko bhara diyA hai / kuNThAoM va glAniyoM se trasta mAnava palAyanatAvAdI hotA jA rahA hai / bhIr3a-bhAr3a ke vartamAna jIvana meM vyakti kA akelApana use jIvana ke prati nirmohI banA, anAsthA meM pheMka detA hai / zrataH samakAlIna samAja meM mahAvIra ke saMdeza kI adhika sArthakatA hai / yaha vyakti ko jIvana meM mahat uddezya dikhAkara, usakI Antarika kSamatAyoM kA svadarzana va bodha karAtA hai / (10) DaoN0 narapatacanda siMghavI 1. bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vahI kahA jo unheM pratyakSa thA / unhoMne granubhUta satya ko vAraNI dI, jIvana aura jagat se sambandhita naye mUlyoM kI pratiSThA kI / unake cintana ke mukhya vindu haiM-- * yaha dRzya aura gradRzya jagat svayaMmeva nirmita hai, ise kisI Izvara ne nahI banAyA / bhoktA bhI svayaM hI * vyakti grapane karmoM kA karttA svayaM hai, unake pariNAmoM kA hai / apane kalyANa ke lie use svayaM hI prayatna karane hoMge / jIva ananta zaktimAna hai / usameM apane guNoM kA vikAsa svayaM kara paramAtmA bana jAne kI kSamatA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke avatAravAda ke niSedha ke pIche jIva ke svataMtra stitva aura usake vyaktitva kI pratiSThA kA siddhAnta hai / * samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritrya mokSa ke kAraNa haiM / samyak cAritrya jIvana kI eka samagra grAcAra-saMhitA hai, sAmAjika jIvana kI dhurI hai / AcAra ke pahale vicAra krAMti jIvana ke lie nitAnta Avazyaka hai, isake lie mahAvIra ke anekAnta kA cintana diyA | * * anekAnta bhagavAn mahAvIra ke cintana kI AdhAra zilA hai / pratyeka vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai / vastu meM ye ananta dharma paraspara sApekSa bhAva se sadaiva vidyamAna rahate haiM / anekAnta mUlaka vicAra ke lie syAdvAda kI bhApA Avazyaka hai / pAMca vrata--1. ahiMsA, 2. satya, 3. asteya, 4. brahmacarya, 5. aparigraha - jIvana kI cAra-saMhitA ke grAdhAra staMbha hai / sAdhu yA muni ke lie inhIM vratoM kA mahAvrata ke rUpa me pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai / gRhastha inheM pravratoM ke rUpa meM pAlana karatA hai / susaMskRta evaM suvyavasthita sAmAjika jIvana ke lie aNuvrata zrAdhAra bhUmi hai / sampUrNa manuSya jAti eka hai / guvratI samAja meM varga bheTa nahI

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bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlya 341 rhtaa| kArya ke AdhAra para sAmAjika jIvana kI vyavasthA ko mahAvIra svIkArate haiN| 2. bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jo mUlya pratiSThApita kie, jo cintana diyA, unakA siddhAMta rUpa meM to pratiSThApana yuga-yuga se calA A rahA hai| siddhAnta rUpa meM usa cintana kI ora aAja bhI vizva unmukha hai parantu vyAvahArika rUpa meM maMjila bahuta dUra hai / mUlya rUpI zikhara to dRSTigata hai parantu sAdhana rUpI pagaDaMDiyA ojhala haiN| 'kathanI' meM to hama mahAvIra ke mUlyoM ko pratiSThita evaM pratipAdita karate haiM parantu 'karanI' meM hama una mUlyoM ko AtmasAta nahIM kara pAe haiN| mahAvIra ne susaMskRta evaM suvyavasthita jIvana ke lie jo AcAra-saMhitA dI, usakI bAteM to hama bar3ha-car3ha kara karate haiM parantu usakA pAlana nahIM karate / mahAvIra ke lie saMyama AMtarika Ananda kI prApti hai, atIndriya svarUpa kI khoja hai, atIndriya rasa kI prApti hai parantu Aja ke yuga meM saMyama ko damana kA paryAya mAna liyA gayA hai| tapa mahAvIra ke lie amRta ke dvAra kI sIr3hI hai parantu Aja tapa ke nAma para AtmapIr3ana pracalita hai / yaha saba hote hue bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke siddhAMta Aja ke cintana ke mUla preraNA srota haiM; bhagavAna mahAvIra ne manuSya kI garimA aura gaurava kI pratiSThA ke lie jo saMgharSa kiyA, Aja pratyeka rASTra usakI pratiSThApanA meM lagA hai / Aja varNa-bheda aura chupAchUta ke baMdhana zithila ho rahe haiM / vizva ke sabase bar3e prajAtaMtra bhArata ne mahAvIra ke anekAnta vicAra ko 'dharma nirapekSatA' ke siddhAnta ke rUpa meM mAnyatA pradAna kI hai| mahAvIra ne jo samatA aura aparigraha kA saMdeza diyA vaha Aja kI samAjavAdI artha-vyavasthA meM vyavahata ho rahA hai| 3. mahAvIra kA AvirbhAva usa samaya huA jaba dharma meM AsthA kSINa ho calI thii| ataH eka aise darzana kI AvazyakatA thI jo yuga ko sahI nirdeza de ske| isI prakAra Adhunika yuga meM pAzcAtya jIvana meM IsAI dharma ke prati vizvAsa kama ho gayA, jisake phalasvarUpa eka aise darzana kI AvazyakatA anubhava huI jo unheM vaha de sake jo dharma tathA vijJAna nahIM de sakA hai / sAtra tathA anya astitvavAdI pAzcAtya jIvana kI isI kamI kI pUrti karate haiN| spaSTa hai ki darzana ko jIvana se pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / anya astitvavAdiyoM ke samAna sArca kA bhI yaha vizvAsa hai ki darzana kI samasyAeM manuSya ke vyaktigata astitva se hI udita hotI haiM--aisA vyaktigata astitva jo svayaM apanI niyati kA nirmAtA hai| mahAvIra kA karma siddhAnta bhI inhIM vicAroM ko vyakta karatA hai / mahAvIra ke samAna sArva bhI yaha spaSTa karane ko prayatnazIla haiM ki manuSya kyA hai aura kyA bana sakatA hai| mahAvIra tathA sAtra donoM hI isa viSaya meM eka mata haiM ki kevala bauddhika jijJAsA kI saMtuSTi hI mahatvapUrNa nahIM hai / donoM ke darzana kA kendra manuSya hI hai / jaina-darzana sadRza sA kA darzana bhI kevala eka svataMtra mAnava kA prativAda mAtra nahIM hai varan use mokSa ke mArga ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| AinsaTIna ne yadyapi prathama vAra 1605 meM sApekSatA kA siddhAMta pratipAdita kiyA tathApi mahAvIra ne isase bahuta pUrva-IsA se chaThI zatAbdI pUrva meM hI jJAna ke sampUrNa kSetra meM

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rU42 paricarcA sApekSatA kA siddhAMta pratipAdita kiyA thA / AinsaTIna ne dik-kAla kI nirapekSa pRthaktA ke viruddha sApekSatA kA siddhAnta prastuta kiyaa| mahAvIra ne isI sApekSatA ke siddhAnta ko nayavAda athavA anekAntavAda ke rUpa meM sabhI nirapekSa satyoM para lAgU kiyaa| AinsaTIna kA siddhAMta mahAvIra ke siddhAnta se do bAtoM meM sImita hai| prathama yaha ki AinsaTIna ne kevala dik-kAla kI hI sApekSatA svIkAra kI tathA anya kisI satya kI nhiiN| dUsarA yaha ki unhoMne sApekSatA ko kevala isI artha meM liyA ki dikkAla eka dUsare meM laya ho jAte haiM tathA nirapekSatA kho baiThate haiM kintu mahAvIra kA sApekSatA kA siddhAnta yaha pratipAdita karatA hai ki kisI bhI ghaTanA athavA vastu ke viSaya meM aneka mata ho sakate haiM tathA ve paraspara virodhI pratIta hote hue bhI apane-apane dRSTikoNa se satya ho sakate haiN| mArksavAda kriyAtmaka darzana ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai / mArksa ne parivartana ko adhika mahattva diyA / parivartana kriyAzIlatA kA pratIka hai| ataH darzana kA lakSya parivartana hai jo mUlataH kriyAtmaka hai| mArksa ke dArzanika dRSTikoNa ko dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda kahA jA sakatA hai jisake anumAra sRSTi kA mUla satya padArtha hai kintu padArtha, sadA parivartanazIla avasthA meM hone ke kAraNa dvandvAtmaka praNAlI se hI jAnA jA sakatA hai / bhautikavAdI, pratyaya tathA padArtha meM, padArtha ko adhika mahattva dete haiN| mahAvIra ke anusAra bhI dravya sat hai, usameM utpAda, vyaya tathA dhrauvya ke guNa haiM kintu mahAvIra ne mArsa ke sadRza bhautikavAda ko na mAnakara yathArthavAda ko mAnA hai| inake dvArA pratipAdita dravya, mArksa kA jar3a padArtha nahIM hai| mahAvIra ne chaha prakAra ke dravya svIkAra kie jinameM se pudgala kevala eka hai / anya dravya haiM-jIva, dharma, avarma, AkAza aura kAla / isase spaSTa hI hai ki mahAvIra kA yathArthavAda, mArksa ke bhautikavAda se bhinna hai / mArsa ne apane darzana meM sAmAjika pakSa ko adhika mahattva diyA tathA dharma kA virodha karate hue use aphIma kI saMjJA dI jabaki mahAvIra manuSya ke vyaktigata vikAsa tathA mokSa-prApti ke mArga ko adhika mahattva dete haiN| gAMdhI ke vicAroM meM mahAvIra ke darzana kA prabhAva kucha sImA taka dekhA jA sakatA hai / rAjanItika dArzanika hote hue bhI mahAvIra ke samAna gAMdhI kA bhI pramukha kendra prAcAra- zAstra hai / donoM ne hI karma, ahiMsA tathA satya ko jIvana ke pramukha naitika niyama mAne haiM kintu mahAvIra ne ina guNoM ko vyaktigata sadguNa mAnA hai jabaki gAMdhI ne inheM sAmAjika sadguNoM kA rUpa diyA / satya tathA ahiMsA ke siddhAntoM kA gAMdhI ne jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM prayoga kiyA-naitika, sAmAjika, Arthika tathA rAjanItika / mahAvIra ke samAna hI gAMdhI kaThora jIvana-anuzAsana meM vizvAsa rakhate the| donoM hI vizvAsa karate the ki uccAtmA ke anvepaNa kA nAma hI jIvana haiN| gAMdhI ne rAjanIti kA prAdhyAtmIkaraNa kiyA tathA rAjanIti kI vyAkhyA dhArmika tathA naitika pratyayoM dvArA kii|| 4. mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA pratyeka kSetra meM, cAhe vaha rAjanItika, dhArmika, Arthika, va sAmAjika kSetra ho, sahAyaka bana sakatI hai, zarta kevala itanI hI hai ki use badalate sandarbho meM manovaijJAnika evaM samAja-zAstrIya dRSTikoNa se dekhA jAya / svayaM mahAvIra ne kahA thA

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bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratiSThApita mUlya 'yuga ke saMdarbha meM, deza aura kAla ke pariveza meM tathyoM para naye DhaMga se socanA apekSita hai / ' mahAvIra kI vicAra dhArA ko isI pariprekSya meM dekhane-samajhane kI zrAvazyakatA hai / mahAvIra ne kahA - 'AdamI AdamI eka haiM, koI choTA bar3A nahIM hai / unhoMne mAnava mAtra ko apane stitva kA jJAna karAyA, jIne kI kalA aura mAnavIya vyaktitva ke carama vikAsa kA patha prazasta kiyA / vaha vicAra-vArA vyaktitva ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa meM sahAyaka ho sakatI hai / mahAvIra ne kriyA-kANDa aura yajJoM kA virodha kiyA / yaha vicAra dhArA dhArmika jar3atA evaM Arthika apavyaya ko roka kara hamAre dhArmika evaM prArthika kSetroM ko sudRr3ha bhUmi pradAna kara sakatI hai / hamArI prajAtAMtrika paddhati aura samAjavAdI samAja - racanA meM anekAnta kA cintana AdhAra zilA hai / vratI jIvana grahaNa kara pratyeka vyakti apane pracAra-vicAravyavahAra meM Adarza ho sakatA hai / 343 5. bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2500 veM parinirvANa divasa para hameM nimnalikhita dizAoM meM cintana karanA cAhie * cintana ke prati jitane hama saceSTa haiM, utane hI sAdhanA ke prati hoM / vaiyaktika sAdhanA kA prazraya kalyANaprada hai / * svayaM ko khonA hI svayaM ko pAnA hai, isalie dAruNa pIr3A meM bhI avicalita muskarAte raho / upasarga aura kaSTa samatAbhAva se bhelo / samatA aura aDigatA ke sAmane 'kleza' dravita aura vicalita ho jAyege / "patita evaM daridra ko gale lagAyo | apane vyaktitva ke pArasa sparza se 'harikezI cAMDAla' ko bhI svarNa banA do / * vipa se amRta kI ora prasthAna karo / 'caNDa kauzika' kI viSa dRSTi tumhAre sudhopam vacanoM ko sunakara premamaya ho jAegI / * virodhI ke kathana meM bhI satya kI saMbhAvanA svIkAra karo / * dharma sarvazreSTha maMgala hai | ( kauna sA dharma ? ) ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa rUpa dharma / jisa manuSya kA mana isa dharma meM sadA saMlagna rahatA hai, use devatA bhI namaskAra karate haiM / ...

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hamAre sahayogI lekhaka [ paricaya prakArAdi krama se hai ]

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lekhaka-paricaya 1. zrI agaracanda nAhaTA : hindI va rAjasthAnI ke prasiddha gavepaka vidvAna va lekhaka, jaina dharma, darzana aura sAhitya ke vizeSajJa, abhaya jaina graMthAlaya, bIkAnera / 2. upAdhyAya amara muni : jaina muni, prabuddha cintaka, kavi aura lekhaka, rAjagRha meM vIrAyatana yojanA ke preraka / 3. DaoN0 indararAja baida : kavi aura lekhaka, sAhityAnuzIlana samiti, madrAsa ke maMtrI 1-vI, vaDivelapurama, madrAsa-33 / 4. zrI umeza muni 'aNu' : jaina muni, prabuddha cintaka aura lekhaka / 5. zrI kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA : prabuddha cintaka, lekhaka aura svAdhyAyI, adhiSThAtA-zrI jaina zikSaNasaMsthAna, rAmalalAjI kA rAstA, jayapura-3 / 6. zrI kamala kumAra jaina : kendrIya zikSA saMsthAna, dillI meM prAdhyApaka / zikSA-mano vijJAna ke vizeSajJa, 665/106, galI naM08, kailAza nagara, dillI-31 / 7. DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla : jaina sAhitya ke gaveSaka vidvAn aura lekhaka, 'rAjasthAna ke jaina graMtha bhaMDAra' vipaya para zodha kArya, zrI di0 jaina a0 kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI, __ jayapura ke sAhitya-zova vibhAga ke nidezaka, mahAvIra bhavana, caur3A rAstA, jayapura-3 / 8. DaoN0 kundanalAla jaina : varelI kAleja, barelI meM hindI - vibhAga ke adhyakSa, kaI sAhityika va zaikSaNika saMsthAnoM se sambaddha, jaina bhavana, 35 je, 13, rAmapurabAga, barelI / 6. DaoN0 (zrImatI) kusumalatA jaina : zrI kastUravA kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, gunA (ma0 pra0) meM saMskRta-prAdhyApikA, 'lIlAvaI' prAkRta kathA-kAvya para zodha-kArya, candrA jaina auSadhAlaya, posTa Aphisa roDa, gunA / 10. zrI ke. bhujavalI zAstrI : jaina dharma, itihAsa aura sAhitya ke gavepaka vidvAn, tAr3apatrIya graMthoM para viziSTa zodhakArya, mUDavidrI (karnATaka) 11. zrI gaNapaticandra bhaMDArI : jodhapura vizvavidyAlaya ke hindI-vibhAga meM prAdhyApaka, kavi samAlocaka aura sampAdaka / kaI sAmAjika va zaikSaNika saMsthAnoM se sambaddha, 440-bI, tIsarI 'sI' sar3aka, saradArapurA, jodhapura 12. zrI candanamala 'cAMda' : kavi aura lekhaka, 'jaina jagat' mAsika patrikA ke prabandha sampAdaka, bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala, 15-e hArnImana sarkila, phorTa, bambaI-1 /

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hamAre sahayogI lekhaka 347 13. DaoN0 cainasiMha baralA : rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya ke arthazAstra vibhAga meM prAdhyApaka, kRSi-arthazAstra ke vizeSajJa, mizigana sTeTa yUnivarsiTI (amerikA) se 'kRSi sahakArI sAkha' viSaya para zodha kArya, 676, Adarza nagara, jayapura-4 / 14. DaoN0 chavinAtha tripAThI : kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya ke hindI vibhAga meM rIDara, hindI saMskRta ke vidvAn lekhaka aura samAlocaka, jaina - darzana aura sAhitya ke marmajJa, campUkAvya para zodha kArya, DI-46, kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya parisara, kurukSetra (hariyANA) 15. DaoN0 jayakizana prasAda khaNDelavAla : balavaMta rAjapUta kAleja, AgarA meM saMskRta ke prAdhyApaka / prasiddha lekhaka aura samAlocaka, jaina dharma aura darzana ke vizepajJa, 6/240 velanagaMja, AgarA-4 / 16. zrI jayakumAra jalaja : zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya ratalAma meM hindI-vibhAga ke adhyakSa, ____ kavi, lekhaka aura bhApAvid, sahayoga bhavana, pAvara hAusa roDa, ratalAma (ma0 pra0) 17. zrI javAharalAla mUNota : prasiddha philma vyavasAyI, karmaTha sAmAjika kAryakartA aura vicAraka, amarAvatI (ma0 pra0) 18. paM0 dalasukha mAlavariyA : jaina dharma, darzana, aura sAhitya ke marmajJa vidvAna, lAlabhAI, dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA maMdira, ahamadAvAda ke nidezaka / 16. zrI devakumAra jaina : jaina dharma aura darzana ke vidvAn, lekhaka, bIkAnera / 20. DaoN0 devendrakumAra jaina : apabhraMza aura hindI sAhitya ke vidvAna, lekhaka aura samIkSaka, zAsakIya snAtakotara mahAvidyAlaya, khaMDavA (ma0 pra0) meM hindI vibhAga ke adhyakSa, 214 upA nagara, indaura-2 / 21. muni zrI nathamala : jaina muni, jaina dharma aura darzana ke marmajJa vidvAn aura pravRddha cintaka / 22. DA0 narapatta canda siMghavI : jodhapura vizvavidyAlaya ke hindI vibhAga meM prAdhyApaka, lekhaka aura sampAdaka, nirAlA ke kathA-sAhitya para zodha kArya, 1, motIlAla bilDiMga, jodhapura / 23. DA0 narendra bhAnAvata : rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya ke hindI. vibhAga meM prAdhyApaka, AcArya zrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra zodha pratiSThAna, jayapura ke mAnad nidezaka, tathA 'jinavANI' ke mAnad sampAdaka / kavi, lekhaka aura samIkSaka, 'rAjasthAnI veli sAhitya' para zodhakArya / sI 235-e, tilakanagara, jayapura-4 / 24. DA0 narendrakumAra siMghI : rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya ke samAjazAstra vibhAga meM prAdhyA paka, prabuddha samAjazAstrI aura lekhaka, aravinda sosAiTI aura sevAmandira jayapura ke maMtrI, ela-2-e, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya prAMgaNa, jayapura-4 / -

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hamAre sahayogI lekhaka 25. prAcArya zrI nAnAlAlajI ma0 sA0 : jaina grAcArya, grAgamavettA aura zAstrajJa, mamatAdarzana ke gUr3ha vyAkhyAtA / 348 26. DA0 nemIcanda jaina : indaura vizvavidyAlaya meM hindI prAdhyApaka, 'tIrthaMkara' ke sampAdaka, lekhaka, samIkSaka aura bhApAvidu, 65 patrakAra kaoNlonI, sAketanagara ke pAsa, kanAr3iyA mArga, indaura - 1 ( ma0 pra0 ) 27. DA0 premaprakAza bhaTTa : zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya sAMbharaleka meM hindI prAdhyApaka, vidvAn lekhaka | 28. DA0 premasumana jaina : udayapura vizvavidyAlaya ke saMskRta vibhAga meM prAkRta ke prAdhyApaka, saMskRta, prAkRta aura jaina sAhitya ke vidvAn, 'kuvalayamAlA kA sAMskRtika zravyayana' viSaya para zodha kArya, 4, ravIndranagara, udayapura / 26. zrI bhaMvaramala siMghI : prabuddha vicAraka aura lekhaka, kaI sAmAjika aura zaikSaNika saMsthAoM se sambaddha, susmitA, 162 / sI / 533 leka gArDansa, kalakattA- 45, 30. DA0 bhAgacanda jaina : nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya meM pAli aura prAkRta vibhAga ke adhyakSa, jaina aura bauddha sAhitya ke vizeSajJa, sIlona se "Jainism in Buddhist Literature" viSaya para zodhakArya, nyU eksaTezana eriyA, sadara, nAgapura (mahArASTra ) 31. zrI madhukara muni: jaina muni, prabuddha cintaka aura lekhaka / 32. zrI mahAvIra koTiyA : kathAkAra aura lekhaka, jaina-sAhitya meM kRSNa kathA vipayaka viziSTa kArya, kendrIya vidyAlaya, jayapura meM hindI ke snAtakottara adhyApaka, 44 evaresTa kaoNlonI, ToMka roDa, jayapura-4 | 33. DA0 mahAvIra sarana jaina : jabalapura vizvavidyAlaya meM snAtakottara hindI evaM bhASA vibhAga ke adhyakSa, lekhaka, samAlocaka aura bhASAvid, jabalapura vizvavidyAlaya gRha, pacaper3hI, javalapura 1 34. DA0 mahendra sAgara pracaMDiyA : vArSNeya kAleja, alIgar3ha meM hindI - prAdhyApaka, lekhaka aura samIkSaka, bArahamAsA kAvya paramparA para zodhakArya / kaI sAmAjika aura dhArmika saMsthAoM se sambaddha, pIlI koThI, AgarA roDa, alIgar3ha ( u0 pra0 ) 35. zrI mAIdayAla jaina : vicAraka, lekhaka aura bhASAvid, 4566 DipTIgaMja, dillI - 6 / 36. zrI miTThAlAla murar3iyA : gradhyApaka aura lekhaka, eca. ema. jaina chAtrAlaya, 16 primaroja, baiMgalora - 25 | 37. zrI mizrIlAla jaina: kavi, lekhaka aura kathAkAra, eDavokeTa, pRthvIrAja mArga, gunA ( ma0 pra0 ) 38. zrI yajJadatta zrakSaya: pravuddha cintaka aura lekhaka, sumati saMgama, nalA bAjAra, ajamera |

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lekhaka paricaya 346 36. zrI yazapAla jaina : sarvodayI vicAraka aura lekhaka, 'jIvana sAhitya' ke sampAdaka, sastA sAhitya maNDala, kanATa sarkasa, naI dillI - 1 | 40. prAcArya rajanIza : prakhara cintaka, ojasvI vaktA aura lekhaka, e-1, vuDaleNDsa epArTamenTsa, peDara roDa, bambaI - 26 / 41. zrI raNajItasiMha kUmaTa : prabuddha vicAraka aura lekhaka, jilAdhIza ajamera | 42. DA0 rAmagopAla zarmA : rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya ke itihAsa evaM bhAratIya saMskRti vibhAga meM rIDara, prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa aura saMskRti ke vizeSajJa, 'mahAbhArata meM rAjanItika cintana aura saMsthAna' viSaya para zodhakArya, sI-11, tilaka nagara, jayapura-4 | 43. DA0 rAmamUrti tripAThI : vikrama vizvavidyAlaya ujjaina meM hindI vibhAga ke prAcArya aura adhyakSa, prabuddha vicAraka aura samIkSaka, i-1, vizvavidyAlaya AvAsa koThI roDa, ujjaina | 44. zrI riSabhadAsa zaMkA : suprasiddha samAja sevI, karmaTha kAryakartA aura lekhaka, 'jaina jagat' ke sampAdaka, bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala evaM mahAvIra kalyANa kendra ke mantrI, aneka vArmika zaikSaNika evaM sevA saMsthAoM se sambaddha, lakSmI mahala, vamana jI peTiTa roDa, bambaI-61 / 45. vimalA mehatA : viduSI lekhikA, dillI / 46. zrI viraghalAla seThI : sAmAjika kAryakartA aura vicAraka, rAjasthAna baiMka ke bhUtapUrva janarala mainejara, 5, rAvaNa TIvA, sAMbharaleka ( rAjasthAna ) / 47. DA0 vizvambharanAtha upAdhyAya : rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya ke hindI vibhAga meM rIDara evaM adhyakSa, kavi, upanyAsakAra aura samIkSaka, jJAnamArga, tilaka nagara, jayapura- 4 / 48. DA0 vIrendrasiMha : rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya meM hindI prAdhyApaka, lekhaka aura samIkSaka, sI- 143, tilaka nagara, jayapura-4 49. DA0 (zrImatI) zAntA bhAnAvata : viduSI lekhikA, 'jinavANI' mAsika ke sampAdana se sambaddha, 'DholAmArU rA dUhA kA arthavaijJAnika adhyayana' viSaya para zodhakArya, sI- 235-e, tilakanagara, jayapura-4 / " 50. zrI zAMticandra mehatA : prabuddha vicAraka va lekhaka, 'lalakAra' (sAptAhika) ke saMsthApakasaMpAdaka, e-4, kuMbhA nagara, cittaur3agar3ha (rAjasthAna ) 51. zrI zrIcanda jaina : sAndIpanI snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya ke prAcArya, lekhaka aura samIkSaka, mohana nivAsa, koThI roDa, ujjaina |

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350 hamAre sahayogI lekhaka 52. zrI zrIcanda surAnA 'sarasa' : lekhaka, sampAdaka evaM mudraNa vyavasthApaka, 5, dAsa vilDiMga, vilocapurA, AgarA-2 / 53. paM0 zratideva zAstrI : lekhaka aura samIkSaka, bihAra rASTrabhASA paripad se sambaddha, sarasvatI mandira, laMgaraTolI, paTanA-4 (bihAra) 54. DA0 sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNan : bhArata ke bhUtapUrva rASTrapati, antarrASTrIya khyAti prApta dArzanika vidvAn, / 55. paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI : jaina dharma aura darzana ke marmajJa vidvAn, 'padmabhUpaNa' alaMkAra se sammAnita, ahamadAvAda / 56. DA0 mubhASa mizra : hamIdiyA mahAvidyAlaya, bhopAla meM hindI prAdhyApaka, lekhaka aura samIkSaka, 60/11-1250 kvArTarsa, TI. TI. nagara, bhopAla (ma0 pra0) 57. muni zrI suzIlakumAra : jaina muni, pravuddha cintaka aura lekhaka, vizvadharma sammelana aura ahiMsA zodhapITha, dillI ke preraka / 58 zrI saubhAgyamala jaina : vicAraka, lekhaka aura sAmAjika kAryakartA, bhUtapUrva mantrI madhya bhArata sarakAra, zujAlapura, (ma0 pra0) 59. AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI : prakhyAta lekhaka, samIkSaka aura upanyAsakAra, 'padmabhUpaNa' alaMkAra se sammAnita / 60. zrI harizcandra daka : nAgarika zAstra ke variSTha adhyApaka aura lekhaka, rAjakIya u. mA. vidyAlaya, relamagarA (udypur)| 61. prAcArya zrI hastImalajI ma. sA0 : jaina zrAcArya, AgamavettA aura zAstrajJa, gaveSaka, itihAsana / 62. DA0 hukamacanda bhArilla : jaina dharma aura darzana ke marmajJa vidvAn, 'paM0 ToDaramala vyaktitva aura kartRtva, viSaya para zodhakArya / paM0 ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa ke nidezaka, e-4 vApU nagara, jayapura-4 /

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