Book Title: Jain Darshan me Trividh Atma ki Avdharana Author(s): Priyalatashreeji Publisher: Prem Sulochan Prakashan Peddtumbalam AP Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/001714/1 JAIN EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL FOR PRIVATE AND PERSONAL USE ONLYPage #1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM vividha AtmA kI sabadhAraNA sAdhvI DaoN. priyalatA zrI ramAtmA antarAtmA bahirAtmA Janedhionlioninformational Page #2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pa. pU. guruvaryA sulocanAzrIjI ma.sA. ApakI vANI meM vinamratA kA vaiDUrya hai ApakI prajJA meM adbhuta pratibhA kA sauMdarya hai Apake kArya meM kuzalatA kA zaurya hai Apake kaMTha meM koyalasI kuka kA kokilaya hai Apake saMyamopavana meM basanta kA mAdhurya hai Apake cintana meM guNaratnoM kA gAMbhIrya hai ApakI painIdRSTi meM gaharI pAradarzitA kA cAturya hai Apake jIvana meM saralatA... sahajatA kA dhairya hai he zAntamanA, he udAra hRdayA, tuma saMyama upavana ke ho samatA kuJjana he karUNA sindhu ! jIvana bindu ! phalodI nagara kI tuma ho nNdn| he pArzvamaNi tIrtha prerikA guruvaryA zrI tumhAre pAvana caraNArvidoM meM zat-zat vaMdana... Maire Education International Page #3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ nava graha mandira peddatumbaLama, Adoni Page #4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhAratadeze...AMdhrapradeze...karnATakaborDare...AdonI samIpe...18 ki.mI. dUra maMtrAlaya roDa para sthita peddatumbalam gA~va meM saMbhavataH 55 varSa pUrva kueM ke utkhanan ke samaya mahAprabhAvika pArzvanAtha paramAtmA kI 12vIM zatAbdI kI pramANita pratimA prApta huii| pa.pU. dvaya guruvaryA zrI sulocanA zrIjI ma.sA. evaM pa.pU. sulakSaNA zrIjI ma.sA. kI pAvana preraNA se tIrtha sthala meM vizAla ArAdhanA bhavana, 50 kamare, 5 haoNla, bhojanazAlA, upAzraya, bhavya sUraja-bhavana, trizikharabaddha jinAlaya dAdAvADI, guru mandira aura sUrya mandira kA kArya tIvratA se pragati kI ora... prAcIna pratimAjI se tIrtha sthApanA huii| vahI pratimAjI mUlanAyaka rUpa meM virAjamAna hogii| yaha tIrthoddhAra hai| tIrtha kA suramya vAtAvaraNa janamAnuSa ko pramudita banAtA hai| darzana, pUjA kA utkRSTa pratIka hai| utsava prasaMga hai mahA maMgalakArI guruvaryA zrI kI sannidhi ati AnaMdakArI pArzvamaNitIrtha kI pavitra bhUmi pAvanakArI pratiSThA-mahotsava kI zubha ghar3iyA~ jayakArI... maMgalakArI 2 mArca 2008 ke zubha muhUrta meM pratiSThA zrIpAzvamaNijaina tIrtha pehatumbaLama Adoni Jaimeducation international Bonavate 2 Personal li se Only PETATEDKAR Page #5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Page #6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA sAdhvI DaoN. priyalatA zrI Page #7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna lADanUM (mAnya vi.vi. dvArA) pIeca.DI. upAdhi hetu svakRta zodha prabandha prApti sthAna : pArzvamaNi jaina tIrtha TrasTa po. peddatumbalam, vA. AdonI, ji. karnUla - 518301 (A.pra.) phona : 08512-257432, 257434 prAcya vidyApITha dupADA roDa, zAjApura -465 001. (ma.pra.) kampojiMga : navInacandrajI sAvanasukhA prakAzaka varSa : prathama saMskaraNa, I. san 2007 pratiyA~ : 1000 mUlya : 250/ prakAzaka : prema sulocana prakAzana zrI pArzvamaNi jaina tIrtha TrasTa po. peddatumbalam, vA. AdonI, ji. karnUla - 518 307. (A.pra.) phona : 08512-257432, 257434 mudraka : sukAMta prinTa enTaraprAisesa 35/12, vAlaTaiksa roDa, cennaI - 600 079. Page #8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dAdA zrI jinadatta kuzala gurubhyo namaH zrI pArzvamaNi pArzvanAthAya namaH zrI gaNanAyaka sukhasAgara gurubhyo namaH meM trividha AtmA kii| kI avadhAraNA jaina darzana meM divyAzIrvAda: pa.pU. AcArya zrI majjinakAnti sAgara sUrizvarajI ma.sA. __ pa.pU. pravartanI mahodayA zrI premazrIjI ma.sA. ___ pa.pU. samatAmUrti tejazrIjI ma.sA. AjJA pradAtA: pa.pU. kharataragacchAdhipati AcArya zrI jina kailAsa sAgara sUrizvarajI ma.sA. zubhAzIrvAdaH pa.pU. upAdhyAya pravara zrI maNiprabhasAgarajI ma.sA. samprerikA: pa.pU. pArzvamaNi tIrtha prerikA guruvaryA zrI sulocanAzrIjI ma.sA. pa.pU. ugratapasvIratnA sulakSaNAzrIjI ma.sA. lekhikA sAdhvI DaoN. priyalatA zrI mArgadarzana / nirdezaka : DaoN. sAgaramala jaina saMpAdaka: DaoN. jJAna jaina - Page #9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ - artha saujanya : zrImAna pukharAjajI sA dharmapatni zrImatI zAntidevI gulecchA parivAra mokalasara nivAsI hAla beMgalaura (karnATaka) zruta saujanya meM lAbha lekara, puNyopArjana kiyA hai| ApakI zruta sevA stutya, sarAhanIya, anumodanIya hai| sarvAMgINa kSetra meM Apane anUThI udAratA kA paricaya diyA hai| jinazAsana kA gaurava bar3hAne Apane prazaMsanIya kArya kiyA hai| apanI tejasvI pratibhA se gulecchA parivAra kA nAma dipAyA hai| - - - Page #10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zrI pArzvanAtha paramAtmA Jaid Education International zrI pArzvamaNi jaina tIrtha peddatumbalama, AdonI Private Personar Use ww.jameliora Page #11 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Page #12 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dAdA zrI jinadatta sUrIzvarajI dAdA zrI jinakuzala sUrIzvarajI AcArya zrI jinakAntisAgarajI ma.sA. AcArya zrI kailAzasAgarajI ma.sA. guruvaryA sulocanAzrIjI ma.sA. upAdhyAya zrI maNiprabhasAgarajI ma.sA. guruvaryA sulakSaNAzrIjI ma.sA. sAdhvI priyalatAzrIjI sAdhvI priyavaMdanAzrIjI KOSETranomethappal LOREVE Personal use only SamwiPETRAST Page #13 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Page #14 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ za...tujhakA ... samarpaNa... he saMyama sAdhikA ! tattva rasikA! vazimAlAnI uddhArikA ! pArzvamaNi tIrtha prerikA !! __ jIvana prabhAta ho tumhArA navodita ! saMyama razmi tumhArI pAkara mana AMgana hai pramudita !! he ujjavala kumudinI ! tyAgI tapasvinI ! __paramAtma bhakti se jIvana hai sarAbora !! tuma kRpA dRSTi se harapala pAUM svarNima bhora ! zodhagraMtha pUrNAhuti meM nRtya kare mana mora !! zubhAzISa guru kI pAkara khulA hai mujha bhAgya Dora ! he vAtsalya vAridhi ! adhyAtma pravAhinI ! satpreraNA niraMtara tuma amI varSiNI ! he sneha sudhA maMdAkinI ! sarvasva praNamya tujha caraNe arpaNa !! samarpaNa...samarpaNa...samarpaNa...!!! karUNAmUrti, jIvanopakArI, parama pUjanIyA guruvaryA zrI sulocanAzrIjI ma.sA. evaM vardhamAna tapArAdhikA, adhyAtmadraSTA parama pUjanIyA zrI sulakSaNAzrIjI ma.sA. ke pAvana...pavitra...pAd...prasUnoM meM sAdara samarpita... sAdhvI priyalatA zrI - % 3D Page #15 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ - * maMgala saMdeza * mA~ zAradA ke caraNoM meM samaya, zakti aura jJAna kA ardhya arpaNa karane vAlI sAdhvI DaoN. priyalatAzrIjI sAdara sukha saataa| Apake prayatna se anusaMhita hue graMtha 'jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA' meM Apane jo apanI lekhanI calAI hai vaha bahirmukhI AtmA kA aMtarAtmA banAkara paramAtmA kI ora agrasara karAne vAlI hai| ApakA yaha bhagIratha kArya atyaMta hI zlAghanIya hai| Apake dvArA aise hI aneka vidha zAsana kArya hote raheM, inhIM maMgala kAmanAoM ke sAtha... kharataragacchAdhipati AcArya jina kailAza sAgara sUri * zubha saMdeza* nizcaya dRSTi se AtmA AtmA meM koI bheda nahIM hai| para vyavahAra dRSTi se zAstrakAroM ne tIna bheda batAye haiM - 1. bahirAtmA; 2. antarAtmA; 3. prmaatmaa| zarIra ko bahirAtmA khaa| karma yukta AtmA kA antarAtmA jabaki karma-mukta zuddha AtmA ko paramAtmA khaa| ise anya paribhASA bhI dI jA sakatI hai| zarIra se juDI AtmA bahirAtmA hai| apane svarUpa ke bodha se juDI AtmA antarAtmA hai aura apane svarUpa ko prApta AtmA paramAtmA hai| __ yaha utkrAnti kA krama bhI hai| hama abhI bahirAtmA meM jI rahe haiN| isase Upara uThanA hai| apane Atma-svarUpa se jur3akara jIne kA puruSArtha hameM agale pAyadAna taka pahu~cAtA hai, aura usI puruSArtha meM jaba sAtatya AtA hai to paramAtmA kI maMjila prApta ho jAtI hai| isa anUThe aura upayogI viSaya para apane ciMtana ko prastuta kiyA hai - sAdhvI priyalatAzrIjI ne| mujhe AzA hai yaha zodha prabandha Atma-yAtrA ke yAtriyoM ko naI dizA degaa| unake liye upayogI bnegaa| sAdhvIzrI sAhitya ke kSetra meM nita naye AyAma sthApita kareM, yahI shubhkaamnaa| upAdhyAya maNiprabhasAgara - - Page #16 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ * antarAzISa parama viduSI pratibhA sampanna choTI bahanA priyalatAzrI Adhunika yuga kI eka saumya aura prabuddha vicArikA ne Apane zodha prabandha 'jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA' kA gambhIra adhyayana kiyA hai| hindI meM likhA huA graMtha vidvat yogya to hai hI, sAtha hI jaina darzana ke anya jijJAsuoM ke lie bhI upakAraka siddha hogaa| isa graMtha kI guru- gambhIra rahasyoM ko isameM ujAgara kiyA gayA hai| bhAva, bhASA, zailI sabhI dRSTiyoM se grantha sarasa aura cittAkarSaka banA hai| AzA hai zraddhAlu gaNa isa grantha kA svAdhyAya kara apane jIvana ko nayA mor3a deNge| unameM svAdhyAya kI rUci jAgRta hogI aura ve adhikAdhika antarmukhI baneMge / Apa yuga-yuga taka zAsana sevA kareM maiM deva guru se prArthanA karatI huuN| ApakI likhi kRti jana-jana ke lie preraNA rUpa bane, sAhitya ke dvArA dina-dunI rAta caugunI sevA karake svayaM para kalyANa kI sAdhanA kareM yahI antara zubhAzISa / Apa svayaM isa graMtha ko hRdayaMgama karake apanI AtmA kA avalokana kareM / isa grantha ko bodhagamya evaM sarvAGgapUrNa banAne meM DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina kA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna rhaa| zodha prabaMdha meM kaThina viSaya ko bhI sahaja evaM sarala rUpa meM grantha ke mAdhyama se mahanIya kArya kI muktakaMTha se prazaMsA karate haiN| svAdhyAya premI DaoN. jJAnacaMdajI va kampojiMga meM zrI navInacandrajI sAvanasukhA kA hArdika sahayoga kabhI bhI bhulAyA nahIM jA sktaa| yaha graMtha AtmA kA darpaNa bane, samyagdarzana se AtmA dIptimAna bane / samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra kI avadhAranA karake mukti ramaNI ko varaNa kreN| sAdhvI sulocanAzrI Page #17 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ m - - * AzIrvacana * snehI mAnasa tattvajJa cintikA, merI priya bahanA sAdhvI priyalatAzrI ne kaI rikta jIvanoM ko Rddhi-siddhi se bharA hai| kaI sUne bhAgya upavanoM meM vasaMta khilAyA hai aura nirAzoM ke jIvana meM AzA kA arUNodaya kiyA hai| Agama marmajJa dhArmika zraddhAzIla prabuddha cintaka DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina ke durlabha sAnnidhya meM anuzIlana, parizIlana kiyA sone meM suhAga kI taraha Atma cintana se zodha prabandha kA lekhana prAraMbha huaa| choTI umra meM hI bar3I niSThA ke sAtha adhyayana kiyA hai, prajJAvaMta hai| Atmadarzana, paramAtma darzana, bAhya Atma darzana usakA svayaM kA jIvana darzana bne| sAdhanA patha meM nimagna ho| saMyama yAtrA khuziyoM ke sAtha pAra kreN| ratnatraya kI vRddhi karate hue AtmA ko dIptimAna banAve, jinazAsana ko gauravAnvita kreN| inakA uttarottara vikAsa hotA rahe,ve apanA zrama sAhitya sarjana meM lagAtI raheM aura bhaviSya meM uttarottara vRddhi kreN| yahI antara zubhAzISa hai, Atma kalama kI saurabha se AtmA ko surabhita karake mukti meM ramaNatA kareM, yahI antara kaamnaa| dIpaka kyA kahatA hai sunalo ! mujhe karo tuma sneha prdaan| jyoti jagA dUMgA aba jaga meM, binA snehAmRta tana mana praann| prabhu se mila sakatI hai AsthA kI jyoti khudA se mila sakatA hai vizvAsa kA motI mana kI bhAva zuddha se kAyA nirmala banatI adhyAtma jyoti se mukti ko varaNa krtii| sAdhvI sulakSaNAzrI Page #18 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ * maMgala zubhecchA* zodha-prakAzana kI punita velA meM basavanagur3I zrIsaMgha atyanta hI gaurava kA anubhava kara rahA hai| hama sabhI kA mana Aja pulakita hai| prabhu kI parama kRpA se, gurudeva ke asIma AzIrvAda se, guruvaryA zrI pa.pU. sulocanAzrIjI ma.sA. evaM pa.pU. sulakSaNAzrIjI ma.sA. kI kRpA se evaM DaoN. sAgaramalajIsA ke kuzala nirdezana meM dvaya sAdhvIvaryA ne apane varSoM se saMjoye sapane ko sAkAra rUpa diyaa| unhoMne apanI prajJA chainI se pratibhA kA samyak upayoga kiyaa| nizcita rUpa se yaha zrutArjana gaharI lagana kA dyotaka hai| sAdhvI zrI priyalatA zrIjI ne jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA' graMtha kA nirmANa kara bahirAtmA se antarAtmA aura antarAtmA se paramAtmA dazA kA ullekha kara jana samudAya ko yathArtha dharAtala para AtmasAt karane kA mArgadarzana kraayaa| sAtha hI sAdhvI zrI priyavaMdanA zrIjI ne jaina darzana meM samatvayoga'graMtha kA Alekhana kara zodha yAtrA ko saphalatama U~cAiyoM taka phuNcaayaa| prabala-puNyodaya se eka sAtha do graMthoM ke prakAzana kA apUrva avasara prApta kara hamArA zrI saMgha lAbhAnvita ho rahA hai| dvaya sAdhvIvaryA dvArA saMzodhita, navanirmita kRti saMta, saMgha va samAja ke lie sarvopayogI siddha hogii| sabhI dArzanikoM ne jIvana kA mUlAdhAra AtmA va samatva ko svIkAra kiyA hai| vartamAna bAhya pariveza meM..inTaraneTa, kampyuTara yuga meM aise preraNA-srota graMthoM kA niyojana honA caahiye| pAThakavarga ke lie yaha kRti jJAna-dhyAna-svAdhyAya hetu atIva upayogI hogii| pUjanIyA sAdhvI zrI kA saphalatama parizrama evaM jJAna ke prati samarpaNa stutya va abhinandIya hai| jinazAsana kI goda meM apUrva dharohara rUpa zodha prabandha pradAna kiyA isI taraha bhaviSya meM anekavidha graMtha pradAna kara zAsana sevA meM rata rheN| sAdhvI zrI dvaya ko badhAI dete hue hamArA samasta zrI saMgha gauravAnvita hai| yaha kRti janamAnuSa ke manomastiSka kA parimArjana, pariSkRta kreN| yahI zubhecchA.... zrI jinakazala sari jaina dAdAvADI TrasTa 72, ke.Ara. roDa, basavanagur3I, beMgalaura - 560 004. karnATaka __phona : 080 - 2242 3348 Page #19 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vAla * zubhAnuzaMsA * sAdhvI zrI priyalatAzrIjI kA zodha prabandha jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA' prakAzita ho rahA hai, yaha jAnakara prasannatA huii| sAdhvI zrI ne mere sAnnidhya aura mArgadarzana meM hI yaha zodhaprabandha pUrNa kiyA hai aura jisa para unheM jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna mAnya vizvavidyAlaya lADanUM se pIeca.DI. kI upAdhi pradAna kI gaI thii| kisI lekha ke zrama kI sArthakatA isI meM nihita rahatI hai ki usakA grantha prakAzita hokara jana-yogya bne| kisI grantha ke prakAzana kA yaha upakrama isI hetu hotA hai ki lekhaka ke zrama ko sArthakatA mile| prakAzana kI isa zubha velA para maiM sAdhvIzrIjI ko badhAI detA hU~ aura yaha AzA karatA hU~ ki unakI yaha kRti jana-jana ke Atma vikAsa meM sahayogI bane aura ve bahirAtmabhAva kA tyAga kara antarAtmA kI sAdhanA ke dvArA paramAtma pada kI prApti kreN| sAtha hI sAdhvIjI se bhI yaha apekSA karatA hU~ ki ve jJAna sAdhanA meM tatpara rahate hue jinavANI ke bhaNDAra ko samRddha karate hue, jana kalyANa ke sAtha-sAtha Atma kalyANa kara paramAtma pada kA zIghra varaNa kreN| jJAna kI sArthakatA sva para kalyANa ke sAtha paramAtma-dazA kI prapti meM hI hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina saMsthApaka-nidezaka : prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra) R BANNINoinews - prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra.) Page #20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ * saMpAdakIya * zodha prabandha kA saMpAdana sarala bhI hai, viSama bhI / 'jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA' zodha prabandha ke saMpAdana meM anirvacanIya Ananda kI anubhUti huii| vartamAna meM bahirmukhI insAna kA antaramukhI honA sukhI jIvana ke liye kitanA Avazyaka hai aura usa sthiti ko kina mAdhyamoM se pAyA jA sakatA hai, pUjyA sAdhvIjI ne apane maulika soca ko, anekoM granthoM ke saMdarbhoM se, saralatA se samajhAne kA sarAhanIya prayAsa kiyA hai| eka AtmA kA vividha dRSTikoNoM se vicAranA aura phira usameM hI sthita ho jAnA - nirdvada, nirapekSa bhAva kA sthirIkaraNa hI mokSa kI samyag rAha hai| vibhAva se svabhAva meM AnA aura svabhAva ko apramatta prayAsa pUrva pallavita aura puSTa karate rahanA hI bahirgamana se antaragamana aura antaragamana se paramagamana kI yAtrA hai| sAdhvIjI ne anekoM siddhAMtoM ke mAdhyama se mukta jIvana kA rAja darzAyA hai| unakI rUci satata jJAna abhivRddhi meM kAraNa bane, yahI antaramana kI abhilASA... DaoN. jJAna jaina, B.Tech., M.A., Ph.D. 37, perUmAla mudalI sTrITa, cennaI - 600079. Page #21 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ - - * maMgala kAmanA * zrutopAsikA...Atmapriya...bahanA priyalatA zrIjI Atmiya bhAvena...saha...anumodana... zodhagraMtha prakAzana kI sunaharI ghar3iyA~ AI hai| manAMgana meM utsava umaMga kI apUrva raMgolI chAI hai| dIrgha zramazIlatA laganazIlatA kA sAkSAt pariNAma pAyA hai| sahaja sarala subodha zailI se isa graMtha ko saMjoyA hai| guruvaryAzrIjI kI asIma kRpA se, apanI pratibhA ko nikhArA hai| zAjApura meM vidvat ziromaNi DaoN. sAgaramalajI kA nirdezana milA hai| prAMjala lekhanI niraMtara pravAhita kara pIeca.DI. kA sapanA sAkAra kiyA hai| trividha AtmA graMtha nirmANa kara, kAryaniSThA kA paricaya diyA hai| isa pAvana prasaMga para hama dete, tumheM tahe dila se badhAI haiN| bacapana jIvana sAtha-sAtha rahakara, saMyama meM bhI sAtha nibhAyA hai| svAsthya asvastha rahate hue bhI adhyayana nimagna tumheM pAyA hai| gahare AtmavizvAsa se Age bar3hakara, adhyAtma dharA kA sparza kiyA hai| saMyama sAdhanA jJAnArAdhanA kara, jIvana ko pragatizIla banAyA hai| sva para kalyANa kara trividhAtmA graMtha meM anahada AnaMda pAyA hai| badhAI kI maMgala ghar3iyoM meM bhaginI maMDala zubha kAmanA karatI hai| AtmahiteSu sAdhvI zrI priyasmitAzrI sAdhvI zrI priyavaMdanAzrI evaM samasta sAdhvI bhaginI maMDala ma Page #22 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ RASRADHA parama pUjya sAdhvI zrI sulocanA jI ma. sA. kA ziSya parivAra RECENSE Page #23 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Page #24 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ * maMgala kAmanA sAdhvI priyalatAzrIjI ne 'jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA' viSaya para aneka granthoM kA avalokana kara vizada vivecana dvArA isa graMtha kA nirmANa kiyA yaha jAnakara hRdaya atyaMta pramudita bnaa| maiM Apa ke jJAna yoga kI sAdhanA kA anta:karaNa se anumodana karatA huuN| adhyAtmavAdI prabuddha cintanazIla manISiyoM ke lie AdhyAtmika kramika vikAsa hetu jaina darzana meM mahattvapUrNa cintana pAyA jAtA hai| anAdi anaMta saMsAra ke nibiDatama jaMgala meM karmabaddha AtmA niraMtara anaMtakAla cakra taka paribhramaNa, paryaTana kara rahI hai| Akhira paribhramaNa kA kyA kAraNa hai ? AtmA apane anaMta svAbhAvika vaibhava ko Aja taka kyoM nahIM pA sakI ? viSaya evaM kaSAyoM ke nimittoM ko pAkara AtmA punaH punaH mAyA meM AtmA Atmatva apanApana kI buddhi kyoM karatI rahatI hai| jaina darzana meM ina praznoM kA pratyuttara dete hue kahA hai ki janma-janmAMtarIya anubandhatA se pragAr3ha kiyA huA bahirAtmA bhAva hI ina saba kI jar3a hai| AtmA jaba bahirbhAva- pudgala bhAva-anAtma bhAvoM meM calI jAtI hai... taba vaha bahirAtmA hai / evaM kAyA ko sirpha sAkSI mAnakara dehAdhyAsa- dehavRtti ko chor3akara AtmA jaba apanI AtmA meM avasthAna kara letI hai, usI meM sukha evaM AnaMda kI anubhUti karatI hai taba vaha antarAtmA hai| aura jaba jJAnAnaMda se paripUrNa bana kara karmoM se zuddha hokara evaM sakala Adi-vyAdhi-upAdhi se mukta banakara jo atIndriya guNoM kA nidhAna svarUpa hai... vaha paramatattva paramAtmA hai| jaina darzana meM ina trividha AtmA kI vistRta rUpa se parikalpanA karake bahirAtmA bhAva se kaise bacanA evaM usase virAma pAkara AtmabhAva meM avasthita bana kara paramAtmA bhAva ko kaise saMprApta karanA, viduSI sAdhvI zrI priyalatAzrIjI ne isa viSaya para vividha zodhapUrvaka parizrama karake jo vistRta nibaMdha Alekhita kiyA hai, etadartha ve sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN| pAThakagaNa bhI isakA samucita paThana, abhyAsa evaM paricintana kareM tabhI sAdhvIjI kA yaha prayAsa viniyoga ke rUpa meM saphala bnegaa| maiM pUrNa vizvAsa rakhatA hU~ ki sA. priyalatAzrIjI paMcavidha svAdhyAya meM anuprekSArUpa aise nibaMdha anya aneka viSayoM para bhI Alekhita karake vidvad vRnda evaM sAdhaka gaNa ke lie AtmAnaMda ke rasapAna meM AlaMbana rUpa bane - yahI maMgala kAmanA / AdhoI (kaccha), 2007 - paM. kIrticandra vijaya Page #25 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ * eka jIvana - tIna rUpa* isa saMsAra kA pratyeka prANI tIna prakAra kA jIvana jItA hai| eka usakA bAhya pradarzana evaM vyavahAra hotA hai, to dUsarI ora usase bhinna usake saMskAra tathA vicAra hote haiN| usakA tRtIya rUpa usakA zuddha zAzvata aparivartanIya svarUpa hotA hai| parama pUjya sAdhvI zrI priyalatAzrIjI dvArA racita zodha prabandha 'jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA' jIvana ke ina tInoM rUpoM kA vizada evam vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isakA niyamita pArAyaNa, cintana tathA manana jIvana meM sahI dizA meM agrasara hone meM avazya sahAyaka hogaa| navInacandra nathamala sAvanasukhA indaura, 26-10-2007 * aMtara ke dvAra se * pUjyA sAdhvI zrI sulocanAzrIjI ma.sA. kI suziSyA samatAsAdhikA, jJAna upAsikA, gaMbhIra vidvattA aura hRdayasparzI vinamratA, saralatA aura madhuratA, saMyama napI tulI miSTavANI aura spaSTa pravAhapUrNa lekhana, vAtsalya aura sneha meM sanI dRSTi, hara sthiti meM vihaMsatI bhAvamadrA, isa guNa rUpadhArI bhavya vyaktitva kA nAma hai 'sAdhvI DaoN. priyalatAzrIjI ma.sA.' jinhoMne jaina trividha AtmA ke upara sarala, hRdayaMgama, saMzodhana karake sAdhako kI jJAnapipAsA ko pUrNa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, vaha anumodanIya hai| jJAna-samatA kI mUrti sAdhvIjI bhagavaMta ratnatrayI kI ArAdhanA ke lie aise hI anekAneka saMzodhana karake sAdhakoM ko naI dRSTi pradAna kareM... aisI zAsanadeva ko aMtasthala kI abhyarthanA... narendrabhAI koraDiyA prAcArya - jaina jJAnazAlA, nAkoDA tIrtha Page #26 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ * maMgala kAmanA * Aja maiM atyaMta hI gaurava kA anubhava kara rahA hU~ ki sAdhvI zrI priyalatAzrIjI ne 'jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA' para zodha karane kA adbhuta kArya kiyA hai| lekhana niSThA ko dekhakara unakI pratibhA saMpannatA va paripakvatA kA bodha hotA hai| saMgha Apa jaisI udIyamAna sAdhvI zrI ko pAkara gauravAnvita hai| merI zubha kAmanA hai ki apanI svAdhyAya vRti ko niraMtara gatimAna rakhakara saMgha evaM samAja ko apane amUlya avadAnoM se lAbhAnvita karatI rheN| Age bhI adhika parizrama pUrvaka tathA sajagatA se vividha granthoM kI racanAkara jaina vidhA ke bhaNDAra ko samRddha kreN| isI maMgala kAmanA ke sAtha, - gautamacaMda koThArI phalodI prAcArya - za. u. mA. vi., * prajJAbhinaMdana * sAdhvI zrI priyalatAzrIjI ne 'jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA' para zodha kArya karake eka cunauti svIkAra karate hue apanI urjAbharI painI prajJA kA sadupayoga kara apanI pratibhA ko nikhArA hai| sAdhvIzrIjI ke zodha grantha prakAzana ke svarNima paloM meM unako maiM hArdika badhAI detA huuN| isa pravAhapUrNa prAMjala lekhanI se sAhitya samAja ko samRddha banAne meM unhoMne apanA yogadAna arpaNa kiyA hai| isa graMtha ke mAdhyama se sAdhvI zrI ne bahirAtmA se antarAtmA aura antarAtmA se paramAtma dazA ko kaise upalabdha kareM, isakI vistRta jAnakArI dekara hameM AdhyAtma mArga kI ora prerita kiyA hai| yaha 'jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA' graMtha janasamudAya ke lie atyanta upayogI, sArthaka siddha hogaa| sAdhvI zrI ne apanI viziSTa pratibhA ke mAdhyama se lekhana ko gati pradAna kara, isa kArya ko lagana va parizrama se pUrNa kiyA hai| maiM hArdika jJAnAbhinaMdana karatA huuN| isI taraha uttarottara abhivRddhi kara zAsana sevA meM saMlagna raheM yahI zubhecchA, - govindacaMda mehatA adhyakSa- kuzala ejukezana TrasTa, muMbaI jahAja maMdira upAdhyakSa, jodhapura Page #27 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ * AtmIya sphuraNa sAdhvI zrI priyalatAzrIjI kA zodha prabandha "jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA" eka mahatvapUrNa kRti hai / ApazrI ne aneka vidha kAryoM meM vyasta hote huye bhI isa zodha-graMtha kA nirmANa kara jinazAsana kI zAna bar3hAyI hai, isalie hameM Apa para nAja hai / prasaMgAnusAra isameM zrAvaka evaM muni varga kI sAmAnya sAdhanA kA bhI citraNa kara apanI vyApaka adhyayana dRSTi kA paricaya diyA hai| prastuta kRti sarvAMgINa kSetra meM atIva upayogI rhegii| ni:saMdeha aise sAmAjika, vaicArika, vyavahArika viSamatAoM ke bArUda para khar3e mAnava samAja ke lie sarvopayogI siddha hogii| hamAre lie harSa kA viSaya hai ki Atma sAdhanA se sambandhita zodha grantha kA lekhana kara sAdhvI zrI priyalatAzrIjI ne pIeca. DI. kI upAdhi prApta kii| isa zodha graMtha ke prakAzana ke zubha avasara para hamAre golacchA parivAra kI ora se hArdika badhAI / isI taraha Apa dina dUnI rAta caugunI sAhitya kSetra meM abhivRddhi kareM evaM jinazAsana meM cAra cA~da lagAye / pravINa / manISa golacchA evaM samasta golacchA parivAra rAyapura Page #28 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhUmikA jainadarzana bhAratIya zramaNa paramparA kA aMga hai / zramaNa paramparA meM vyakti ke AdhyAtmika aura naitika vikAsa ko adhika mahattva pradAna kiyA gayA hai| vyakti vAsanAoM se Upara uThakara nirvANa yA paramAtmasvarUpa ko prApta kare, yahI zramaNa paramparA kA mukhya lakSya hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI yAtrA kahA~ se kaise prArambha hokara kahA~ pUrNa hotI hai, isakI vivecanA hI zramaNa-dhArA kA mUla pratipAdya viSaya rahA hai I aupaniSadika paramparA se lekara jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI vividha avasthAoM kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai / upaniSadoM meM preyamArga aura zreyamArga kI carcA ke sAtha hI do prakAra ke vyaktiyoM ke ullekha milate haiM bahiHprajJa aura antaHprajJa / prakArAntara se upaniSadoM meM hameM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI suSupti, svapna, jAgRti aura turIya avasthAoM kA ullekha bhI prApta hotA hai| eka anya apekSA se upaniSadoM meM paMcakoSoM kI carcA bhI milatI hai, yathA 3. manomayakoza; 4. vijJAnamayakoza aura 5. annamayakoza / - 1. Anandamayakoza; 2. prANamayakoza; * ye saba avasthAe~ vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI sUcaka haiM I isI prakAra bauddha paramparA ke antargata bhI srotApannAdi cAra avasthAoM tathA dasa bhUmiyoM kI carcA hameM milatI hai| jaina paramparA meM bhI AdhyAtmika aura naitika vikAsa kI dRSTi se SaDlezyAoM, karmavizuddhi ke dasa sthAnoM, caudaha guNasthAnoM aura trividha AtmAoM kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai / caudaha guNasthAnoM aura SaDlezyAoM ko lekara jainavidhA ke kSetra meM svatantra rUpa se kucha zodha kArya hue haiM, kintu trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kI carcA Agamayuga ke pazcAt lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatAbdI se upalabdha hone lagatI hai / AgamakAla meM bhagavatIsUtra meM ATha prakAra kI AtmAoM kA ullekha hai / hameM aisA lagatA hai ki ina i Page #29 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ATha prakAra kI AtmAoM kI carcA ke AdhAra para upaniSadoM kI bahiHprajJa evaM antaHprajJa kI avadhAraNA athavA nidrAdi cAra avasthAoM aura paMcakozoM kI avadhAraNA se hI trividha AtmA kI isa avadhAraNA kA vikAsa huA hai| sarvaprathama hameM AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA milatI hai| AcArya kundakunda ke kAla ko lekara vidvAnoM meM matabheda haiN| unheM vidvAnoM ne IsA kI prathama zatI se lekara pA~cavIM zatI taka ke alaga-alaga kAlakhaNDoM meM mAnA hai| usake pazcAt pUjyapAda devanandI ke pA~cavIM-chaThI zatI ke iSTopadeza aura samAdhitaMtra nAmaka saMskRta granthoM meM isakA vistRta vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| ___isake pazcAt munirAmasiMha evaM yogIndudeva (lagabhaga 7vIM zatI) ke apabhraMza grantha kramazaH pAhuDadohA evaM paramAtmaprakAza meM bhI vividha AtmA kI carcA upalabdha hai| isI krama meM Age 10vIM zatAbdI meM zubhacandrajI ke jJAnArNava meM yaha avadhAraNA milatI hai| lagatA hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM trividha AtmA kI yaha avadhAraNA paravartIkAla meM hI vikasita huI hai| sarvaprathama hemacandrajI ne isakA nirdeza kiyA hai| unake pazcAt lagabhaga 17vIM zatAbdI meM AcArya yazovijayajI ne trividha AtmA kI isa avadhAraNA kA apane granthoM meM vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| unake hI samakAlIna adhyAtmayogI AnandaghanajI ne bhI apane padoM aura cauvIsiyoM meM trividha AtmA kI carcA kI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AcArya kundakunda ke prAkRta granthoM se prArambha hokara prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza aura marugUrjara Adi sabhI bhASAoM aura sabhI kAloM meM jaina paramparA meM trividha AtmA kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| isa carcA meM sAmAnyataH mithyAdRSTi ko bahirAtmA, samyagdRSTi, dezavirata evaM muni Adi ko antarAtmA aura kevalI yA vItarAga ko paramAtmA ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA gayA hai| isa carcA meM yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki vyakti apanI sAdhanA se kisa prakAra se bahirAtmA se antarAtmA aura antarAtmA se paramAtmA kI avasthA ko prApta karatA hai| jainadarzana kI yaha viziSTatA hai ki vaha pratyeka AtmA ko paramAtmapada taka apanA AdhyAtmika vikAsa karane kI svataMtratA pradAna karatA hai| bahirAtmA apanI sAdhanAtmaka yAtrA ke mAdhyama se antarAtmA banakara kisa Page #30 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prakAra paramAtmapada ko prApta karatI hai, isakI sAdhanA-vidhi kA ullekha bhI prastuta zodha-prabandha meM kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI vizeSarUpa se isa sAdhanA meM samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana aura samyak-cAritra kI sAdhanA ke sAtha-sAtha anuprekSA, dhyAna Adi kI sAdhanA kisa rUpa meM sampanna hotI hai, isakI carcA kI gaI hai| anta meM jainadarzana kI isa trividha AtmA kI tulanA Adhunika manovijJAna se bhI kI gaI hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM vyaktitva kI carcA ke prArambha meM antarmukhI aura bahirmukhI vyaktitvoM kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| jo kisI sImA taka bahirAtmA aura antarAtmA se tulanIya hai| isI prakAra usameM (1) vAsanAtmaka aham; (2) vivekAtmaka aham aura (3) AdarzAtmaka aham (Id, Ego & Super Ego) kI carcA bhI trividha AtmA se samatulyatA rakhatI hai| isa prakAra prastuta adhyayana meM isa trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA ko Adhunika manovijJAna ke sandarbha meM pUrI taraha samajhane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha vicAra kara lenA bhI Avazyaka hai ki trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kI vartamAna yuga meM kyA prAsaMgikatA hai? vartamAna yuga vijJAna kA yuga hai| vaijJAnika gaveSaNAoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa Aja bhautika sukha sAdhanoM kA ambAra laga gayA hai| dharatI para calane vAlA mAnava aba antarikSa meM yAtrA kara rahA hai| dUrabhASa, dUradarzana aura vAyuyAna Adi sAdhanoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa dUriyA~ kama ho gaI haiM, kintu ina saba ke uparAnta bhI vyakti kI AkAMkSAe~ aura tRSNAe~ kama nahIM ho sakI haiN| vizva kI dUriyA~ cAhe kama ho gaI hoM, kintu hRdaya kI dUriyA~ bar3hI haiN| vizva bAhya sukha-sAdhana aura bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM meM Asakta banA huA hai| vaha apanI antarAtmA kI ora abhimukha nahIM hai| vaha para-padArthoM ko jAnane aura bhogane meM itanA tallIna ho gayA hai ki sva (AtmA) ko lagabhaga vismRta hI kara cukA hai| prastuta zodhaprabandha meM hamArA prayatna yahI rahA hai ki vyakti apanI isa bahirmukhatA kA tyAgakara antarmukhI bane aura apane paramAtmasvarUpa kA anubhava kre| Aja vizva kA kalyANa isI meM nihita hai ki vaha bahirmukhatA arthAt bhogonmukha dRSTi kA tyAga kare aura antarmukha hokara apanI asmitA ko jAne aura jIne kA prayatna kre| Page #31 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kRtajJatA jJApana isa prayAsa ko mUrta rUpa dene meM jina sahRdayoM kA sahayoga prApta huA hai, una sabhI ke prati vinamra kRtajJatA jJApita karanA merA apanA punIta kartavya hai| sarvaprathama maiM una Adarza Apta mahApuruSoM ke prati vinayAvanata hU~ jinake upadeza Aja bhI samasta prANI mAtra ke lie mArgadarzaka haiN| prastuta zodhagrantha meM jina AcAryoM, vidvAnoM, vicArakoM, lekhakoM aura gurujanoM kA sahayoga prApta huA, una sabhI kA AbhAra vyakta karanA maiM apanA karttavya samajhatI huuN| jinakI adRzya kRpAdRSTi nirantara barasatI rahI, una cAroM gurudevoM ke caraNoM meM anantAnanta vndn| - bahumukhI pratibhA ke dhanI, merI ananta AsthA ke kendra, merI jIvana dhArA ke dizA nirNAyaka, pravrajyA pradAtA pa.pU.AcArya zrI jinakAntisAgarasUrIzvarajI ma.sA. kI divya kRpA se hI maiM prastuta kRti ko pUrNa kara sakI huuN| isa maMgala avasara para maiM ApazrI ke caraNAravindoM meM ahobhAvapUrvaka natamastaka huuN| paramopakArI, prajJAmanISI, merI asIma zraddhA ke kendra, jinakI punIta preraNA kA ajamna srota satata bahatA rahA, unhIM parama vandanIya pa.pU. upAdhyAya pravara gurudeva zrImaNiprabhasAgarajI ma.sA. ko isa avasara para maiM bhAvapUrvaka vandana karatI huuN| prastuta kRti ApazrI ke asIma AzIrvAda kA saphala hai| ___mahAmanasvI, vAtsalyavAridhi mere agraja zrI pa.pU. paM. pravara zrIkIrticandravijayajI ma.sA. evaM pa.pU. zrIkIrtidarzanavijayajI ma.sA. kI kRpA se hI yaha kRti alpAvadhi meM pUrNa huI hai| vastutaH yaha ApazrI ke Atmika AzIrvAda kA hI pratiphala hai| cAritra meM pAradarzI, jJAna meM sakSmadarzI, mama jIvanopakArI, mAtRvatsalA, pa.pU. guruvaryA dvaya zrIsulocanAzrIjI ma.sA. evaM pa.pU. zrIsulakSaNAzrIjI ma.sA. ne hI mujhe zodhakArya ke lie prerita kiyaa| vAstavika rUpa se kahA jAya, to isa adhyayana evaM zodhakArya ke kSetra meM gati pradAna karane kA sampUrNa zreya pUjyAzrI ko hI jAtA hai| ApazrI hI mere jIvana kI vikAsa yAtrA kI mArgadarzaka haiN| ApakA maMgalamaya varadahasta merI amUlya thAtI hai| iv Page #32 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pUjyA zrI ke una mahAna upakAroM kA maiM kahA~ taka varNana karU~, etadartha mere pAsa zabda nahIM haiN| jinakI pratyakSa kRpAdRSTi se merA antara- sumana khilA, jinake kRpApUrNa AzIrvacana se yaha kArya kiyA jA sakA, jinake protsAhana evaM mArgadarzana se merI jIvanayAtrA ko gati milii| ApazrI kI kRpA ke abhAva meM prastuta kRti kI isa rUpa meM kalpanA bhI asambhava thI / prastuta zodhagrantha ke viSaya kA cayana maiMne pUjyAzrI kI AjJAnusAra kiyA / ApazrI kA eka hI kahanA thA ki viSaya AdhyAtmika ho / sAtha hI sAtha adhikAdhika svAdhyAya kI apekSA rakhatA ho evaM jIvana meM nirantara AtmonmukhI hone kI preraNA detA ho tathA Adhunika yuga meM yuvA pIr3hI ke lie nidezaka ke rUpa meM upayogI ho / samatAmUrti, bhaginIvaryA pa. pU. prIti-sudhA zrIjI ma.sA. evaM pratibhAsampanna pa. pU. prItiyazAzrIjI ma.sA., mRdusvabhAvI priyakalpanAzrIjI, sneha - saritA priyaraMjanAzrIjI, priyazraddhAMjanAzrIjI, priyasnehAMjanAzrIjI, priyasaumyAMjanAzrIjI, priyadivyAMjanA zrIjI, priyazubhAMjanAzrIjI, priyadakSAMjanAzrIjI, priyazrutAMjanAzrIjI, priyasvaNAMjanAzrIjI, priyadarzAMjanAzrIjI, priyajJAnAMjanAzrIjI, priyazreSThAMjanAzrIjI, priyameghAMjanAzrIjI Adi ke sahayoga kA smaraNa isa grantha kI pUrNAhuti kI velA meM karanA maiM Avazyaka samajhatI hU~ / vAtsalyanirjharA, parama sahayoginI bhaginIvaryA pa. pU. priyasmitAzrIjI ma.sA. ne sAmAjika pravRttiyoM ko saMbhAlakara adhyayana kA avasara pradAna kiyA aura samaya-samaya para svaccha pratilipI taiyAra karane Adi kAryoM meM ve merI satata sahayoginI rahI haiN| ApazrI kA AtmIya sahayoga isa kRti kA prANatattva hai| madhurakaNThI, snehapradAtrI bhaginI zrI priyavandanAzrIjI, jinakI isa anusaMdhAnakArya meM nirantara vinayAnvita sevAe~ rahI haiM, sarvathA stutya haiN| ve bhI yadyapi apanI pIeca.DI. sampanna karane meM saMlagna rahIM, tathApi unhoMne apane kArya ko gauNa banAkara mere kArya kI pragati evaM lekhana meM pUrNa sahayoga diyA hai / ananyasevAbhAvinI priyaprekSAMjanAzrIjI evaM adhyayanaratA priya- zreyAMjanAzrIjI kA bhI isa zodhakArya ko pUrNa karane meM sakriya sahayoga rahA hai / ina donoM ne apanI snAtaka kakSA kA adhyayana jArI rakhate hue bhI hamArI V Page #33 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sukha-suvidhA kA pUrNa dhyAna rakhA hai| ina sabhI gurubahanoM ke AtmIya evaM snehila sahayoga se yaha kArya sampanna huaa| maiM inake prati kRtajJatA jJApita kara unakI AtmIyatA ko kama nahIM karanA cAhatI huuN| ina sabhI kI snehavRSTi se merI zrutasAdhanA sadaiva gatizIla banI rahe, yahI shubhecchaa|| snAtakottara parIkSA uttIrNa karane ke pazcAt maiMne tathA priyavandanAzrIjI ne pIeca.DI. karane kA nirNaya liyaa| hamane jayapura pravAsa ke daurAna samAja ke karmaTha sevAbhAvI zrImAn vimalacandajI sA. surANA evaM unakI dharmapatnI udAra hRdayA, pramukha zrAvikA zrI memabAIsA surANA ke satprayAsa se antarrASTrIya stara para khyAtiprApta, mUrdhanya vidvAna, Agama-marmajJa, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke pUrva nidezaka tathA prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura ke saMsthApaka zraddheya DaoN. sAgaramalajI sA. jaina se samparka kiyaa| tabhI se hameM DaoN. sAhaba kA mArgadarzana upalabdha hotA rhaa| jaba ApakA jayapura Agamana huA, taba Apane pUchA ki Apa kaisA viSaya lenA cAhatI haiN| maine uttara diyA ki merI AdhyAtmika viSaya meM ruci hai| antataH maiMne DaoN. sAhaba ke dvArA prastAvita viSayoM meM se "jainadarzana meM trividha AtmA" viSaya kA cayana kiyaa| apanI ruci evaM abhilASA ke anurUpa viSaya cunane para mujhe ati prasannatA huii| saubhAgya se evaM DaoN.sA. kI anukampA se prastuta viSaya vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM ke dvArA svIkRta kara liyA gyaa| ___ mere pIeca.DI. ke samagra kArya kI isa pUrNatA kA zreya nidezaka mUrdhanya manISI DaoN. sAgaramalajI sA. jaina ko jAtA hai| unhoMne zodha viSaya ko adhikAdhika prAsaMgika evaM upAdeya banAne hetu satata mArgadarzana kiyaa| DaoN. sA. atyanta sarala, sahaja, udAra tathA niHsvArtha sevAbhAvI haiN| yadyapi ve nAmaspRhA ke lezamAtra bhI abhilASI nahIM haiM; tathApi isa zodhakArya ke sUtradhAra hone se unakA nAma prastuta kRti ke sAtha svataH hI jur3a gayA hai| ve mere zodha-prabandha ke mAtra nidezaka hI nahIM hai, varan mere AtmavizvAsa ke pratiSThApaka bhI haiN| unhoMne mujhe sadaiva parizramapUrvaka zodhakArya karane kI preraNA pradAna kii| isa vRddhAvasthA meM bhI Apane zArIrika kaSToM kI paravAha kiye binA niyamita mArgadarzana tathA kAryAvalokana karake prastuta zodhakArya ko pUrNatA pradAna kii| isa hetu maiM Apake vi Page #34 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prati hRdaya ke antastala se bhAvabhInI kRtajJatA jJApita karatI hU~ / svAdhyAya saMyukta, saralatA, sahajatA kI pratimUrti, yathAnAma tathA guNoM se suzobhita, jainadarzana ke gahana adhyetA DaoN. jJAnajI jaina ko maiM vismRta nahIM kara sakatI huuN| kyoMki graMtha cennaI presa meM chapa rahA thA aura hamArA cAturmAsa beMgalaura thA isI daramiyAna prupha lekara sahaja hI jAnA-AnA hotA rahA aura apanA amUlya samaya pradAnakara isa kRti meM truTiyA~ na raha jAya, usa para pUrA-pUrA dhyAna kendrita karate hue sampAdana kiyA / Apake nirmala, nizcala sahayoga ke prati maiM tahe dila se savinaya praNata hUM / isa zodha - sAmagrI ko kampyuTarAijDa karane meM ananya niHsvArtha sevAbhAvI, agAdha jJAnapremI, deva guru bhakta suzrAvakaratna zrImAna navInajI sA bujurgAvasthA ke sAtha-sAtha svAsthya kI asvasthatA hote huye bhI niraMtara vaiziSTya yogadAna prApta huA / ApameM jinazAsana ke prati apUrva samarpaNa ke darzana hue| Apa kahA karate the Apa donoM ke zodhagraMtha ke TAipa kA sArA kArya maiM karUMgA va sampUrNa urjA lagAkara kArya pUrNa kiyA / dhanya hai ApakI mahAnatA ko, Apake vAtsalyasikta bhAvoM ke prati maiM hArdika kRtajJatA jJApita karatI huuN| isa graMtha prakAzana meM zruta sahayogI kharataragaccha samarpita, udArahRdayI, zAntamUrti, bhAgyazAlI zrAvakaratna zrImAna tejarAjajI sA gulechA kI sevAbhAvanAaiM prazaMsanIya, atulanIya va anumodanIya hai / Apa sAdhuvAda ke pAtra hai| zruta sahayoga karake Apane apanI udAratA kA paricaya diyA hai evaM kharataragaccha saMgha kA gaurava baDhAyA hai / etadartha maiM unakI bhI hRdaya se AbhArI huuN| pIeca. DI. karane ke uddezya se jaba hama zAjApura Ae, usa samaya sAdhvI zrIdarzanakalAzrIjI Adi ThANA 5 kA sAnnidhya hameM sahaja hI samprApta huA / unakA AtmIya sahayoga evaM sadbhAva nirantara prApta huA, jise kadApi vismRta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / saralatA evaM sahajatA ke pratIka prAdhyApaka (saMskRta) DaoN. vI. ke. zarmA evaM ananya sevAbhAvI upAdhyAya bhUdevajI kA bhI sahayoga rahA hai / zAjApura zrIsaMgha ke adhyakSa, paramAtmabhakti rasika zrI lokendrajI nAreliyA evaM anya padAdhikArIgaNa zrI jJAnacandajI sA. golecchA tathA zrI manojajI nAreliyA ke prati bhI maiM hArdika kRtajJatA jJApita vii Page #35 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ karatI huuN| prastuta zodhagrantha meM kampyuTara kaoNpI taiyAra karane meM bur3hAnivAsI zrI rAjendrajI evaM sunIlajI rANAvata ne paryApta zrama kiyaa| unakA yaha sahayoga smRti ke dharAtala para sadaiva jIvanta rhegaa| yaha kArya unhoMne jisa lagana se pUrNa kiyA hai, vaha vAstava meM prazaMsanIya tathA anumodanIya hai| unhIM ke sahayoga se prastuta zodhakArya itanI alpAvadhi meM pUrNa ho sakA hai| etadartha maiM unake prati apanI hArdika kRtajJatA abhivyakta karatI huuN| __indaura nivAsI zrI hemantabAbU sA. zekhAvata ne pustakeM upalabdha karAkara zodhakArya meM sahayoga pradAna kiyaa| zrImAn nandalAlajI sA. luniyA, zrI luNakaraNajI sA. mehatA evaM zrI prakAzajI mAlU bhI AvazyakatAnusAra padhArakara isa kArya meM sahayogI bane haiN| etadartha Apa sabhI sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN| jodhapura, jayapura, indaura, vijayanagara Adi kharataragaccha zrIsaMghoM kA hArdika saadhuvaad| inakA vihAra Adi meM samaya-samaya para sahayoga prApta hotA rahA hai| una AtmIyajanoM kA hRdaya se AbhAra, jinhoMne mujhe zodhakArya meM nirantara saMlagna evaM tatpara rahane kA saMketa karate hue samprerita kiyaa| inameM zrI govindajI sA. mehatA, zrI uttamarAjajI sA. baDera, zrI nemIcandajI sA. jhADacUra, zrI lAbhacandajI sA. jaina, zrI gautamajI sA. koThArI, zrI pravINajI loDhA, zrI pArasajI lUkaDa, zrI ramezajI vaida, zrI ananyasevAbhAvI madanabAIsA, hemantabhAI, alpanAjI, AzAjI Adi kA protsAhana evaM sahayoga vizeSataH ullekhanIya hai| __ina sabake atirikta jinakA bhI prastuta zodhakArya ke praNayana meM mujhe pratyakSa athavA parokSa sahayoga prApta huA hai, unake prati bhI maiM hArdika kRtajJatA jJApita karatI huuN| prastuta kRti AtmasAdhanA ke samyak patha para anusarita jJAna-pipAsuoM ke lie pAtheya bane, isI zubhecchA ke sAtha, - sAdhvI priyalatAzrI viii Page #36 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 1.1 1.2 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA anukramaNikA adhyAya 1 : viSaya praveza jaina darzana meM AtmA kA mahattva jaina darzana meM paMcAstikAya evaM SaDdravyoM kI avadhAraNA AtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa AtmA eka svatantra tattva hai AtmA kA astitva AtmA eka maulika tattva hai AtmA ke lakSaNa trividha cetanA manovijJAna kI dRSTi meM cetanA AtmA kA kartRttva 1. AtmA bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM se kartA-bhoktA hai 2. kyA AtmA paudgalika karmoM kI kartA hai ? 3. AtmA nija bhAvoM kI kartA hai| 4. akartRtva sambandhI sAMkhyamata kI samIkSA 6. bauddhadarzana aura AtmakartRtvavAda 7. gItA kA dRSTikoNa 8. AtmabhoktRtvavAda 9. vyavahAradRSTi aura nizcayadRSTi 10. jainadRSTi se anitya AtmavAda kI samIkSA 11. nitya AtmavAda AtmA ko niSkriya mAnane meM kaThinAIyA~ 1. AtmA kI sakriyatA 2. AtmA kA deha se pRthaktva 3. AtmA svayambhU aura samprabhu hai or m 2 8 3 17 20 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 21 23 25 27 28 29 32 32 35 37 39 40 40 41 43 2 te te Dhe ke re 44 46 47 48 48 Page #37 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 1.4.1 55 1.4.2 4 65 4. AtmA dehavyApI aura sarvavyApI - donoM hI hai 5. AtmA ke bhAvAtmaka svarUpa kA citraNa 6. niSedhAtmaka rUpa se AtmA ke svarUpa kA citraNa jJAnopayoga aura darzanopayoga 1. jJAnApayoga ke bheda 2. jJAna kI paribhASA 3. jJAna AtmA se kathaMcit bhinna-abhinna 4. AtmA ananta-catuSTaya se yukta hai (ka) anantadarzana aura anantajJAna (kha) anantasaukhya (ga) anantavIrya AtmA kI svabhAva aura vibhAva pariNati 1. AtmA pariNAmI kaise? 2. AtmA apariNAmI kaise ? 3. AtmA kathaMcit mUrta aura kathaMcit amUrta hai 4. AtmA ke anirvacanIya svarUpa kA citraNa 5. bauddhadarzana kI apekSA se AtmA kI avadhAraNA bhagavatIsUtra ke anusAra AtmA ke ATha prakAra AtmA (jIvoM) ke prakAra 1. saMsArIjIva ke bheda 2. indriyoM kI apekSA se saMsArIjIva ke bheda 3. bhavyAtmA kI apekSA se saMsArIjIvoM ke bheda 4. gati kI apekSA se saMsArIjIva ke bheda AtmA ke paMcabhAva bandhana aura usake kAraNa 1. bandha ke prakAra 2. bandha ke bheda 3. jainetara (anya) darzanoM meM bandha ke kAraNa 4. jainadarzana meM karmabandha ke kAraNa 67 68 69 71 6 80 84 1.7 1.8 Page #38 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 1.9 1.10 5. bandhana kA kAraNa Asrava bandhana se mukti kI ora 1. saMvara : navIna karmabandha ko rokane kI prakriyA 2. nirjarA hI mokSa kA kAraNa 3. nirjarA ke bheda AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI vibhinna avadhAraNAe~ 1.11.2 1.11.1 AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA Agama sAhitya aura trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNAe~ (ka) AcArAMga aura trividha AtmA (kha) bhagavatIsUtra kI aSTavidha AtmA kI avadhAraNA se trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kI tulanA 2.1.1 2.1.2 (ka) lezyA kI avadhAraNA (kha) guNazreNiyA~ (ga) guNasthAna 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.3.1 2.4.1 2.4.2 adhyAya 2 : aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ aupaniSadikadarzana meM AtmA kI do avasthAe~ 127 aupaniSadika cintana meM nidrA, svapna aura turIya avasthAe~ 133 137 1. upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ke anusAra cetanA kI cAra avasthAe~ 136 2. suSuptAvasthA meM caitanya kI anubhUti kaise hotI hai ? bauddhadarzana meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI vibhinna avasthAe~ hInayAna sampradAya kI srotApanna Adi cAra bhUmiyA~ mahAyAna sampradAya kI dasa bhUmiyA~ 138 139 143 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 148 152 kundakunda ke granthoM meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA (ka) mokSaprAmRta meM trividha AtmA 152 (kha) niyamasAra meM trividha AtmA 152 102 103 105 112 113 113 114 114 115 116 121 121 122 Page #39 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 153 156 156 157 159 159 160 2.4.3 svAmI kArtikeya kI kArtikeyAnuprekSA 2.4.4 pUjyapAda devanandI ke samAdhitantra meM trividha AtmA 2.4.5 yogIndudeva ke anusAra trividha AtmA (ka) paramAtmaprakAza meM trividha AtmA (kha) yogasAra meM trividha AtmA 2.4.6 zubhacandra ke jJAnArNava meM trividha AtmA 2.4.7 guNabhadra ke AtmAnuzAsanam aura usakI prabhAcandrakRta TIkA meM trividha AtmA 2.4.8 amitagati ke yogasAraprAbhRta meM trividha AtmA 2.4.9 AcArya hemacanda ke yogazAstra meM trividha AtmA 2.4.10 banArasIdAsa ke grantha aura trividha AtmA 2.4.11 AnandaghanajI kI kRtiyoM meM trividha AtmA ke ullekha 2.4.12 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, dhAnatarAya, yazovijayajI Adi ke granthoM meM trividha AtmA (ka) bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke brahmavilAsa meM trividha AtmA (kha) dhAnatarAya ke anusAra trividha AtmA (ga) upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ke anusAra trividha AtmA 2.4.13 devacandrajI kI kRtiyoM meM trividha AtmA 2.4.14 zrImadrAjacandra evaM trividha AtmA 161 161 163 164 164 165 165 168 169 3.1 3.2.1 adhyAya 3 : bahirAtmA bahirAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa AcArya kundakunda kI dRSTi meM bahirAtmA kA svarUpa, niyamasAra meM bahirAtmA mokSaprAbhRta meM bahirAtmA kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM bahirAtmA ke lakSaNa AcArya devanandI ke anusAra bahirAtmA kA svarUpa yogIndudeva kI racanAoM meM bahirAtmA kA svarUpa 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 171 172 174 176 177 Page #40 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 177 192 paramAtmaprakAza meM bahirAtmA yogasAra meM bahirAtmA 182 3.2.5 muni rAmasiMha ke pAhuDadohA meM bahirAtmA ke lakSaNa 182 3.2.6 AcArya zubhacandra ke jJAnArNava meM bahirAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 187 3.2.7 AcArya amitagati ke yogasAraprAbhRta meM bahirAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 3.2.8 AcArya guNabhadra ke anusAra bahirAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 195 3.2.9 yogazAstra meM bahirAtmA kA svarUpa 196 3.2.10 banArasIdAsa kI racanAoM meM bahirAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 3.2.11 zrImad rAjacandrajI ke anusAra bahirAtmA 3.2.12 AnandaghanajI ke anusAra bahirAtmA kA svarUpa 201 3.2.13 devacandrajI ke anusAra bahirAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 203 bahirAtmA ke prakAra evaM avasthAe~ 3.4 kyA aviratasamyagdRSTi bahirAtmA hai ? bahirAtmA aura lezyA 206 3.6 bahirAtmA aura kaSAya 197 200 3.3 204 205 3.5 207 adhyAya 4 : antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 4.1 antarAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 209 4.2.1 kundakundadeva kI dRSTi meM antarAtmA kA svarUpa 209 (ka) mokSaprAbhRta meM antarAtmA kA svarUpa 209 (kha) niyamasAra meM AtmA kA svarUpa 211 4.2.2 svAmI kArtikeya ke anusAra antarAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 213 4.2.3 AcArya pUjyapAda devanandI ke anusAra antarAtmA kA svarUpa 217 4.2.4 yogIndudeva ke anusAra antarAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 219 (ka) paramAtmaprakAza meM AtmA kA svarUpa (kha) yogasAra meM AtmA kA svarUpa 228 4.2.5 muni rAmasiMha kI dRSTi meM antarAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 230 4.2.6 AcArya zubhacandra ke jJAnArNava meM antarAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 234 219 Page #41 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 241 245 251 253 4.2.7 amitagati ke yogasAra ke anusAra antarAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 239 4.2.8 guNabhadra evaM prabhAcandrAcArya ke anusAra antarAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 241 4.2.9 hemacandrAcArya ke anusAra antarAtmA kA svarUpa 4.2.10 banArasIdAsajI kI dRSTi meM antarAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa / 242 4.2.11 AnandaghanajI ke anusAra AtmA kA svarUpa 4.2.12 devacandrajI ke anusAra AtmA kA svarUpa 247 4.2.13 zrImad rAjacandrajI ke anusAra antarAmA 248 4.33 antarAtmA ke prakAra 250 4.3.1 aviratasamyagadRSTi tathA dezavirata zrAvaka kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa (ka) aviratasamyagadRSTi jaghanya antarAtmA kaise hai ? 251 (kha) jaghanya-madhyama antarAtmA : dezaviratasamyagadRSTi 252 4.3.2 dezavirata zrAvaka kA svarUpa 1. saptavyasana kA tyAga 2. mArgAnusArI ke 35 guNa 254 3. zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata 255 4. zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAe~ 263 4.3.3 sarvavirata antarAtmA 267 madhyama-madhyama antarAtmA kise kahate haiM ? 267 1. muni kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 268 2. zramaNa ke paMcamahAvrata 3. aSTapravacana mAtA : samiti evaM gupti 4. dasa munidharma 279 5. bAIsa pariSaha 279 6. pA~ca cAritra 280 7. SaDAvazyaka 253 270 275 281 8. samAcArI 282 9. dinacaryA 10. pratilekhana 283 283 Page #42 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 284 11. bhikSAcArI 12. sacela-acela utkRSTa-madhyama antarAtmA 284 4.3.4 285Page #43 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 339 343 345 350 ny ny 5.4.1 tIrthaMkaroM ke paMcakalyANaka 5.4.2 tIrthaMkara paramAtmA kA nirdoSa vyaktitva 5.5 tIrthaMkara, buddha aura avatAra : tulanAtmaka vivecana tIrthaMkara evaM buddha kA antara tIrthaMkara evaM avatAra kI samAnatA tIrthaMkara aura avatAra meM antara siddhoM kA svarUpa 5.10 siddha paramAtmA ke 31 guNa 5.11 siddha paramAtmA ke pandraha bheda 351 ny 352 353 356 ny 358 adhyAya 6 : trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI anya avadhAraNAe~ 6.1 lezyA siddhAnta 361 karma vizuddhi ke dasa sthAna (guNazreNiyA~) 377 AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke sopAna guNasthAna, paribhASA evaM svarUpa 379 ny ny adhyAya 7: Adhunika manovijJAna aura trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA antarmukhI evaM bahirmukhI vyaktitva kI antarAtmA aura bahirAtmA se tulanA 399 phrAyaDa kI trividha aham kI avadhAraNA aura trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 401 adhyAya 8 : upasaMhAra upasaMhAra 407 sahAyaka grantha sUcI 417 Page #44 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ AThaAtmA dravya AtmA jJAna AtmA dazana AtmA STED mAna mAyA kaSAya AtmA yoga AtmA cAritra AtmA upayoga AtmA vIrya AtmA Jan Educatie international FOn-provale supersoliness Savailanetlocalsson Page #45 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Page #46 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ adhyAya 1 viSaya praveza 1.1 jainadarzana meM AtmA kA mahattva ___ jainadarzana AtmavAdI darzana hai; ataH usameM AtmA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| AtmA hI eka cetana tattva hai| cetanA lakSaNa ke dvArA hI AtmA ke astitva kA bodha hotA hai| jaina granthoM meM AtmA ke lie jIva, sattva, prANI, bhUta Adi paryAyavAcI zabda bhI upalabdha hote haiN| jaina AgamoM meM AtmA zabda ke sthAna para prAyaH jIva zabda kA prayoga adhika kiyA gayA hai| kintu AtmA zabda ke prayoga bhI upalabdha hote haiN| AtmA aura jIva zabda jainadarzana meM eka hI artha meM gRhIta haiM, jabaki anya darzanoM meM jIva aura AtmA meM antara kiyA jAtA hai| vahA~ jIva zabda kA prayoga sAdhAraNa zarIradhArI prANiyoM ke lie hotA hai| upaniSadoM meM to AtmA ko brahma kA paryAyavAcI mAnA gayA hai ('ayaM AtmA brahmaH' -mANDUkya 2) / __ jainadarzana meM jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ina navatattvoM meM bhI jIva (AtmA) kA mukhya sthAna hai| paMcAstikAyoM meM bhI jIvAstikAya aura SaDdravyoM meM bhI Atmadravya ko eka pramukha dravya mAnA gayA hai| AcArAMgasUtra kA prArambha AtmA kI jijJAsA se hI hotA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki kitane hI vyaktiyoM ko yaha jJAta nahIM hotA hai ki - "maiM kauna hU~ ?" "maiM kahA~ se AyA hU~ ?'' isa prakAra usameM AtmajJAna ko sAdhaka jIvana kI prAthamika AvazyakatA batAyA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki jo AtmavAdI hogA, vahI lokavAdI arthAt saMsAra kI sattA ko mAnane vAlA 'AcArAMga 1/1/1/1 / Page #47 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA hogaa| jo lokavAdI hogA vahI karmavAdI hogA arthAt karmasiddhAnta ko mAnegA aura jo karmavAdI hogA vahI kriyAvAdI hogA arthAt AtmA ko kartA-bhoktA maanegaa| vastutaH Atmatattva vaha kendra bindu hai, jisake binA zubhAzubha kA viveka aura dharmasAdhanA sambhava nahIM hai| naitikatA aura dharmasAdhanA donoM hI AtmasApekSa haiM; kyoMki icchAoM evaM vAsanAoM aura viveka ke madhya saMgharSa kA draSTA aura cayanakartA koI sacetana Atmatattva hI ho sakatA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, jJAna aura vijJAna, dharma aura darzana sabhI AtmAzrita hI haiM, binA AtmA ko svIkAra kiye inakA astitva hI nahIM rhtaa| jJAna aura vijJAna kA samagra vikAsa Atmatattva arthAt kisI cetana tattva ke AdhAra para hI hotA hai| vizva vyavasthA meM se yadi cetanA aura jIvana ko alaga kara diyA jAya to vizva kA koI artha hI nahIM rhtaa| isa prazna para cAhe vivAda ho sakatA hai ki AtmA nitya hai yA nahIM? kintu AtmA yA cetana sattA ko nakArane para samasta jJAna aura vijJAna bhI apanA astitva kho deNge| cAhe vividha darzanoM meM AtmasvarUpa evaM AtmA ke lakSaNoM ko lekara matabheda rahA ho, kintu kisI ne bhI usake astitva ko nahIM nakArA hai| anAtmavAdI darzanoM meM jo AtmA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, vaha bhI kevala isa apekSA se hai ki AtmA nitya yA svatantra tattva hai yA nahIM? bhAratIya darzanoM meM cAhe cArvAka ne nitya AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA ho, kintu usane bhI AtmA ko pUrNataH nahIM nakArA hai| bhautika tattvoM se usakI utpatti batA kara usakI sattA ko to usane avazya svIkAra kiyA hai| isI prakAra anAtmavAdI bauddhadarzana meM kUTastha nitya AtmA kA cAhe niSedha kiyA ho, kintu parivartanazIla citta kI sattA ko to bauddhAcAryoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| unhoMne isa caitasika tattva ko AlayavijJAna, nivRtacitta, parAvartavijJAna, anAnavadhAtu (AvaraNa rahita) atarkagamya, kuzala, dhruva, Anandamaya vimuktikAya aura dharmakAya kahA hai| Adhunika vijJAna bhI cAhe nitya aura svatantra Atmatattva ko svIkAra na karatA ho; vaha bhI vizva meM jIvana aura cetana sattA ke astitva ko nahIM nakAratA hai| kyoMki cetana AtmasattA ko nakArane para to samasta jJAna, vijJAna, dharma aura darzana apanA AdhAra hI kho deNge| Page #48 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza jahA~ taka jainadarzana kA prazna hai, vaha to spaSTa rUpa se eka AtmavAdI darzana hai| usameM jo paMcAstikAya evaM SaDdravyoM kI carcA hai, usameM jIvAstikAya yA jIvadravya ko hI pradhAna mAnA gayA hai| Age hama yaha dekhane kA prayatna kareMge ki paMcAstikAya aura SaDdravya kI avadhAraNA meM AtmA kI kyA sthiti hai? 1.2 jainadarzana meM paMcAstikAya evaM SaDdravyoM kI avadhAraNA jainadarzana meM jagat ke mUlabhUta ghaTaka ke rUpa meM do avadhAraNAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM - 1. paMcAstikAya aura 2. SaDdravya / prAcIna jainaAgamoM meM bhagavatIsUtra, RSibhASita Adi meM loka ko paMcAstikAya rUpa kahA hai| jabaki paravartI granthoM meM loka ko SaDdravyAtmaka kahA gayA hai| sAmAnya dRSTi se vicAra karane para paMcAstikAya aura Sar3adravya kI avadhAraNA meM vizeSa antara nahIM hai| paMcAstikAya meM kAla ko jor3akara SaDdravyoM kI avadhAraNA banI hai| dharma, adharma, AkAza, jIva aura pudgala ye pA~ca dravya astikAya rUpa mAne gaye haiN| chaThe kAladravya ko anastikAya kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra pA~ca astikAyoM meM anastikAya ke rUpa meM kAla ko jor3akara SaDdravyoM kI avadhAraNA bnii| isa prakAra Sar3adravyoM meM pA~ca dravyoM ko astikAya rUpa aura kAla ko anastikAya rUpa mAnA gayA hai| ataH SadravyoM kI avadhAraNA ke vivecana ke pUrva astikAya kI avadhAraNA ko samajha lenA Avazyaka hai| astikAya zabda do zabdoM se banA hai- asti+kaay| asti kA artha astitva yA sattA hai aura kAya zabda kA artha sAmAnya rUpa se zarIra kiyA jA sakatA hai| jainadarzana meM kAya zabda eka pAribhASika zabda hai| pradezapracayatva kA eka artha pradeza samUha bhI hotA hai| isa apekSA se jina dravyoM kI saMracanA pradeza samUha se huI hai ve astikAya haiN| sAmAnya dRSTi se ve sabhI dravya jinakA vistAra kSetra hotA hai athavA jo vistArayukta haiM ve astikAya kahalAte haiN| isa apekSA se 2 aMgasuttANi bhAga 2 bhagavaI 2/10/124 / * RSibhASita, adhyayana 31 pAva / -jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanU / Page #49 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA astikAya dravyoM ko loka meM vistRta mAnA gayA hai / dharma aura adharma ko sampUrNa loka meM vyApta kahA gayA hai| jIva aura pudgala aneka dravya haiN| ve loka ke eka bhAga meM vyApta hokara rahe hue haiM / AkAza loka evaM aloka meM vyApta hokara rahA huA hai / isa prakAra astikAya una dravyoM ko kahate haiM, jo vistAra se yukta haiM 1 . siddhasenagaNi ne tattvArthabhASya kI TIkA meM astikAya zabda kI eka navIna dRSTi se vyAkhyA kI hai aura jina dravyoM meM mAtra parivartanazIlatA hI hai; ve anastikAya haiM / ve likhate haiM ki asti zabda dhrauvyatA kA sUcaka hai aura kAya zabda parivartanatA kA sUcaka hai / isa prakAra jina dravyoM meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya lakSaNa pAyA jAtA hai ve astikAya haiM / kintu jinameM kevala parivartanazIlatA yA utpAda vyaya hI hai ve anastikAya haiM / isa prakAra dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala aura jIva ye pA~ca astikAya haiM aura kAla anastikAya hai / isa paribhASA ke anusAra jo dravya pariNAmI nitya haiM; ve astikAya haiM aura jina dravyoM meM mAtra parivartanazIlatA hI hai; ve anastikAya haiM / kAla kevala pariNamanazIla yA parivartanazIla hai isa apekSA se use anastikAya kahA gayA hai; jabaki dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala aura jIva pariNAmI nitya haiM; isaliye unheM astikAya kahA gayA hai / I 4 eka anya apekSA se astikAya zabda kA artha avayava yukta mAnA gayA hai| jo dravya sAvayava hai arthAt jo skandharUpa haiM ve astikAya haiM aura jo nirAyavI haiM yA mAtra pradezarUpa hI haiM ve anastikAya haiM / yahA~ yaha prazna utpanna hotA hai ki pudgala dravya kA antima ghaTaka paramANu niraMza hotA hai, usakA koI avayava nahIM hotA to kyA use anastikAya kahA jAya? isa prazna ke uttara meM jainAcAryoM kA kahanA haiM ki cAhe paramANu, paramANu rUpa meM niravayava ho, kintu vaha skandharUpa meM pariNata hokara sAvayavatva ko prApta hotA hai| isalie upacAra se paramANu ko bhI astikAya kahA gayA hai / vistAra yA pradeza pracayattva do prakAra kA hotA hai : 1. Urdhvapracaya; aura 2. tiryakpracaya / 4 5 'Arhat dRSTi' pR. 60 / dravyAnuyoga bhAga 1, bhUmikA, pR. 33 / - samaNI maMgalaprajJA / Page #50 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza astikAya zabda kI carcA meM jisa pradezapracayatva kI bAta kahI jAtI hai usameM Urdhva aura tiryaka donoM prakAra kA pracayatva hotA hai arthAt unameM lambAI, caur3AI aura moTAI tInoM hI pAI jAtI haiN| jainadarzana kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki vaha na kevala mUrta pudgala dravya meM hI pradezapracayatva mAnatA hai apitu amUrta dharma, adharma aura jIvAdi meM bhI pradezapracayatva mAnatA hai| kAla dravya, jise anastikAya mAnA gayA hai usameM bhI pradezapracayatva to hai kintu vaha mAtra Urdhva pracayatva hai| dUsare kAlANu skandharUpa meM bhI pariNata nahIM hote haiN| ve kevala sIdhI rekhA meM eka-dUsare se svatantra hokara sthita haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jainAcAryoM ne paMcAstikAya aura SaDdravya kI avadhAraNAoM ko paraspara samanvita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki kAla ko eka svatantra dravya ke rUpa meM mAnyatA paravartI kAla meM hI milI hai| karmAsrava ke bhASyamAnya pATha kA "kAlazcetyeke" kathana yahI sUcita karatA hai ki tattvArthasUtra ke racanAkAla taka kucha AcArya kAla ko svatantra dravya ke rUpa meM svIkArate the, kintu kucha AcArya kAla ko svatantra dravya nahIM svIkArate the| bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI kAla ko jIva aura pudgala kA paryAya batAyA gayA hai| yahA~ hama ina saba vivAdoM kI gaharAI meM na jAkara kevala yaha carcA kareMge ki jainadarzana meM svIkRta SaDdravya kauna-kauna se haiM aura unake lakSaNa kyA haiM? DaoN. sAgaramala jaina evaM anya kucha vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki jainadarzana kI mUla avadhAraNA astikAya kI hai| dravya kI avadhAraNA to usane nyAya-vaizeSika darzana se grahaNa kI hai aura use apane prAcIna astikAya kI avadhAraNA ke sAtha samAhita kiyA hai| dravya zabda kA artha "dravati iti dravyaM" arthAt jo pariNamanazIla hai yA parivartanazIla hai vahI dravya hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jisameM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ghaTita hotA hai jo guNa aura paryAyoM se yukta hai vahI dravya kahA jAtA hai| jainadarzana nimna chaH dravyoM ko svIkAra karatA hai - 6 karmAsava, 5/38 1 7 bhagavaI (lADanUM) 13/4/56 / 8 'DaoN. sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha' pR. 106-107 / Page #51 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 1. dharma; 2. adharma; 3. AkAza; 4. jIva; 5. pudgala aura 6. kAla / yahA~ hama ina paMcAstikAyoM evaM SaDdravyoM kA ati saMkSepa vivecana kreNge| hamAre zodha prabandha kA mukhya pratipAdya to jIva dravya hI hai| isaliye yahA~ anya dravyoM kI vistRta vivecanA apekSita nahIM hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki paMcAstikAyoM meM kAla ko jor3akara hI SaDdravyoM kI avadhAraNA banI hai| ataH pahale paMcAstikAyoM aura anta meM kAladravya kA vivecana kreNge| 1. dharmAstikAya paMcAstikAyoM meM prathama sthAna dharmAstikAya kA hai| sAmAnyataH dharma zabda ke vibhinna artha hote haiM - Atmazuddhi kI sAdhanArUpa dharma, vastusvabhAva (vatthu sahAvo dhammo), upAsanA, sAmAjika karttavyarUpa dharma Adi haiM; kintu prastuta sandarbha meM dharma zabda sarvathA bhinna artha meM vyavahRta huA hai| "gatisahAyodharmaH, gamana pravRtAnAM jIva pudgalAnAM gatau udAsInabhAvena ananya sahAyaka dravyaM dharmAstikAyaH, yathA-matsyAnAM jalam" arthAt jIva aura pudgala dravya ko gati karane meM jo sahAyaka tattva hotA hai use dhamAstikAya kahA hai| jIva aura pudgala kI gati ke sUkSmAtisUkSma spandana taka meM yaha dharmAstikAya sahayogI hotA hai| gati karane meM upAdAna kAraNa to jIva yA pudgala svayaM hI hai, parantu nimitta kAraNa ke rUpa meM dharmAstikAya kI apanI mahattA hotI hai| isake binA jIva yA pudgala gati karane meM asamartha hai| jaise machalI meM gati karane kI svataH zakti hotI hai parantu jala ke abhAva meM vaha gati nahIM kara sktii| jala meM svataH gati karane kI zakti nahIM hotii| phira bhI jala kI sahAyatA ke binA machalI taira nahIM sktii| vaise hI jIva aura pudgala kI gati meM dharmadravya (dharmAstikAya) kA anivArya rUpa se sahayoga upalabdha hotA hai| isI ke sahayoga se jIva yA pudgala gati kriyA kara sakatA hai| phira bhI yaha dharmadravya niSkriya hai| yaha kisI ko gati karane kI preraNA nahIM detA aura koI usakA sahayoga le to manA bhI nahIM krtaa| mAdhyastha bhAva se yaha sahayogI hotA hai| ataH dharmAstikAya ko jIva aura pudgala kI gati karane Page #52 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza I 90 hai meM udAsIna bhAva se ananya sahayogI ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA gayA hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina likhate haiM ki dharmadravya prasArita svabhAva vAlA hokara bhI amUrta ( arUpI) aura acetana hai / dharmadravya eka aura akhaNDa dravya hai / jahA~ jIvAtmAe~ aura pudgala aneka haiM vahA~ dharma eka hI hai / yaha dravya asaMkhya pradezI mAnA gayA hai / uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM isakI gati va lakSaNa kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai / " gaI lakkhaNou dhammo" arthAt dharmAstikAya gati lakSaNa vAlA hotA I isakA vistRta vivaraNa bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI milatA hai / usameM kahA gayA hai ki jIvoM kA AnA, jAnA, bolanA aura palakoM kA jhapakanA isa prakAra vacana aura kAyA kI pravRttiyA~ dharmAstikAya ke sahayoga se hotI haiM / " AcArya nemicandra dravyasaMgraha meM dharmadravya kA lakSaNa batAte hue likhate haiM ki jIva aura pudgala kI gati meM sahAyaka dravya dharmAstikAya hai / 12 yaha dharmAstikAya loka vyApI hai| aloka meM yaha nahIM hai| isalie siddhAtmAe~ bhI loka ke agrabhAga meM sthita haiM / uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM ise anAdi evaM aparyavasita (nitya) kahA gayA hai / 3 mana, Adhunika vaijJAnikoM ne ise Ithara nAmaka eka adRzya padArtha svIkAra kiyA hai| pro. jI. Ara. jaina ne "Cosmology Old and New" meM dharmadravya ke samarUpa Ithara ko abhautika, avibhAjya, akhaNDa AkAza ke samAna sva meM sthita tathA gati kA sahayogI mAnA hai '' 14 2. adharmastikAya adharma dravya ko bhI astikAya varga ke antargata mAnA jAtA hai uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM adharma ko sthiti - sahAyaka dravya I mAnA hai / 5 EUR 'DaoN. sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha' pR. 106-107 / 10 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/6/ 11 bhagavaI 13 / 4 / 56 / 12 bRhadravya saMgraha, gA. 17 / 13 uttarAdhyayana sUtra 36/8 / uttarAdhyayanasUtra tRtIya bhAga pR. 185 / 15 'ahammo ThANalakkhaNo / ' 14 - AcArya hastImalajI / - uttarAdhyayanasUtra 28/6 / Page #53 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA adharma dravya jIva aura pudgaloM kI sthiti (Thaharane) meM sahAyaka hotA hai| jisa prakAra dhUpa se thakA musAphira vRkSa kI chAyA meM Thahara jAtA hai; vaise hI adharma dravya bhI jIva aura pudgala kI avasthiti meM sahAyaka hotA hai| dharmadravya kI taraha hI adharma dravya bhI jIva aura pudagala kI sthiti meM udAsIna bhAva se sahayogI hotA hai| dharmAstikAya ke binA jIva aura pudgala kI gati sambhava nahIM hai| yaha adharma dravya dRSTigocara nahIM hotA hai kyoMki yaha amUrtadravya hai| Agama sAhitya meM bhI dharma aura adharma dravyoM ke astitva evaM unake lakSaNoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ina donoM dravyoM ke abhAva meM jIva tathA pudgala kI gati aura sthiti sambhava nahIM hai| alokAkAza meM dharma evaM adharma dravya kA abhAva hotA hai| ataH usameM jIva evaM pudgala kI gati bhI nahIM hai| kSetra kI dRSTi se yaha dravya lokAkAza meM sarvatra vyApta hai| DaoN. sAmagaramala jaina likhate haiM ki jaise vaijJAnika dRSTi se gurutvAkarSaNa AkAza meM sthita pudgala piNDoM ko niyaMtrita karatA hai; vaise hI yaha adharma dravya jIva aura pudgala kI gati kA niyamana kara use virAma detA hai|6 saMkhyA kI dRSTi se adharma dravya ko eka aura akhaNDa dravya mAnA gayA hai| pradezapracayatva kI dRSTi se isakA vistAra kSetra loka taka sImita hone se ise asaMkhya pradezI mAnA jAtA hai| kyoMki loka cAhe kitanA hI vizAla ho, sImita hI hai| isakA vikhaNDana asambhava hai| dharma aura adharma dravya meM deza-pradeza Adi kI kalpanA kevala vaicArika stara para kI jA sakatI hai| adharma dravya sattA ke AdhAra para nitya hai| yaha dravya eka, akhaNDa, svatantra evaM vastuniSTha sat hai| kAla kI dRSTi se yaha anAdi, ananta aura zAzvata hai| bhAva (svarUpa) kI dRSTi se yaha amUrta arthAt varNa, gandha se rahita abhautika aura ajIva evaM agatizIla hai| guNa (lakSaNa) kI dRSTi se yaha sthiti meM sahayogI hai| adharmAstikAya ke abhAva meM sthira bhAva arthAt baiThanA, khar3A rahanA, sonA, mauna karanA, mana ko sthira karanA, zarIra ko spandana se rahita banAnA, nirnimeSa nayana honA Adi kriyAe~ asambhava haiN| isa vizva meM gati aura sthiti donoM haiN| sthiti meM sahAyaka bananA adharmAstikAya kA lakSaNa hai| 16 'DaoN. sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha' pR. 106 / Page #54 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 3. AkAzAstikAya jainadarzana meM paMcAstikAyoM athavA SaDdravyoM meM tIsare dravya ke rUpa meM AkAzAstikAya kA ullekha milatA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki "avagAha lakkhaNeNaM AgAsatthikAe" arthAt avakAza dene vAle dravya ko AkAza kahate haiN| AkAza avagAha lakSaNa vAlA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM bhI batAyA hai"aakaashsyaavgaahH"| isa sUtra meM AkAza ke lakSaNa kI carcA milatI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI AkAza dravya kA lakSaNa bhAjana ke rUpa meM milatA hai - "bhAyaNaM savvadavvANaM nahaM ogAhalakkhaNaM" arthAt AkAzadravya sarvadravyoM ke lie bhAjana rUpa hai| usakA lakSaNa avakAza denA hai|'6 AkAza amUrtadravya hote hue bhI AkAza ke astitva ko anubhava kiyA jA sakatA hai| cArvAka ko chor3akara bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne AkAza ke astitva ko mAnA hai| saMsAra ke sabhI padArthoM ko Azraya yA sthAna dene vAlA tattva AkAza hI hai| dravya kI dRSTi se AkAza eka akhaNDa dravya hai| kSetra kI dRSTi se yaha dravya lokAloka parimANa hai arthAt asIma aura ananta vistAra vAlA hai| yaha sarvavyApI hai| asIma hone se isake pradezoM kI saMkhyA ananta hai| kAla kI dRSTi se AkAza anAdi aura ananta (zAzvata) hai| bhAva kI dRSTi se AkAza amUrta arthAt varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza se rahita hai| AkAza abhautika aura acetana hai, agatizIla hai| AkAza dravya bhI utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya yukta lakSaNa vAlA hai| pUrva payArya kA vinAza aura uttara paryAya kA utpAda hote hue bhI yaha avicchinna dravya hai| isalie AkAza dravya pariNAmI nitya mAnA jAtA hai| 4. pudgalAstikAya jainadarzana kA eka pAribhASika zabda "pudgala" hai| jainAgamoM meM 17 bhagavaI 13/4/58 / 18 tattvArthasUtra 5/18 / 'bhAyaNaM savvadavvANaM nahaM ogAhalakkhaNaM / / 6 / / ' -uttarAdhyayanasUtra, adhyayana 28 / Page #55 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 10 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA bhagavatIsatra0 meM bhI pudgala zabda ko AtmA (jIva) kA vAcaka mAnA gayA hai| dRSyamAna jagat kI sArI lIlA kA mUla sUtradhAra pudgala dravya hai| pudgala dravya ke lakSaNa varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza Adi haiN| Adhunika vijJAna ne ise (Matter) aura nyAyavaizeSikoM ne ise bhautika jar3a tattva kahA hai| chaH dravyoM meM jIva ko chor3akara dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya aura kAla ye pA~coM dravya ajIva haiN| pudgala caitanya guNa se rahita hai| pudgalAstikAya ke sUkSmatama avibhAjya aMza ko paramANu kahate haiN| pudgala dravya mUrta aura acetana dravya hai| dharma, adharma aura AkAza ye eka-eka dravya haiN| kintu pudgala aneka dravya hai| aneka pudgala paramANu milakara skandha kI racanA karate haiM aura unase hI bhautika jagat kI sabhI vastuoM kA nirmANa hotA hai| jainAcAryoM ne pudgala dravya ko do rUpoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai : 1. skandha aura 2. paramANu / vibhinna paramANuoM ke saMyoga se hI skandha banate haiN| pudgala dravya ke antima ghaTaka ko paramANu kahate haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra' evaM navatattva22 meM pudgalAstikAya ke skandha, deza, pradeza aura paramANu ye cAra bheda mAne gaye haiN| jaina siddhAntadIpikA meM batAyA haiM ki "sparzana-rasa-gandha-varNavAn pudgalaH" arthAt sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNayukta dravya pudgala haiN| ina lAkSaNika guNoM arthAt varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza Adi ke kAraNa hI pudgala mUrta (indriya grAhya) hai| pudgala meM hI ye guNa pAye jAte haiM - anya pA~ca dravyoM meM nahIM hote haiN| zeSa pA~ca dravya amUrta (arUpI) haiN| pudgala dravya hI aisA hai jisakI indriyAnubhUti kI jA sakatI hai| 20 (ka) 'saMdadhayAra ujjoga, pabhA chAyA tavehia / ___vaNNa gaMdha rasA phAsA, puggalANaM tu lakkhaNaM / / 11 / / ' -navatattvaprakaraNa / (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra 28/12 / (ga) bRhadrvya saMgraha 16 / 21 'khaMdhA ya khaMdha dezA ya tappaesA taheva ya / / paramANuNo ya boddhavvA, ruviNo ya caubvihA / / 10 / / ' -uttarAdhyayanasUtra adhyayana 36 / 'dhammA dhammAgAsA, tiya-tiya bheyA taheva addhA ya / khaMdhA deza paesA, paramANu ajIva caudasahA / / 8 / / ' -navatattvaprakaraNa / 22 Page #56 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 11 pudgala ke lAkSaNika guNoM ke paryAya varNa ke pA~ca prakAra haiM- kAlA, pIlA, nIlA, lAla aura shvet| gandha ke do prakAra haiM- sugandha aura durgandha / rasa ke pA~ca prakAra haiMmIThA, kaTu, khaTTA, kasailA aura tikt| sparza ke ATha prakAra haiMzIta, uSNa, snigdha, rukSa, guru, laghu, mRdu aura ktthor| isa prakAra ina cAra lAkSaNika guNoM kI bIsa paryAyeM haiN| jisa prakAra guNoM kI paryAye hotI haiM vaise hI ina paryAyoM kI ananta paryAyeM hotI haiN| pudgala dravya kI apekSA se zAzvata hai| kintu payArya rUpa se azAzvata hai| kintu anya darzanoM meM pudgala zabda ke sthAna para prakRti, paramANu Adi zabda pAye jAte haiN| bauddhadarzana pudgala zabda ko jIva ke artha meM svIkAra karatA hai| usameM "poggalaM paJati" nAmaka eka grantha hai, jisameM jIvoM ke prakAroM kI carcA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM kucha sthAnoM para pudgala zabda ko jIva kA vAcaka mAnA gayA hai| kintu prastuta prasaMga meM use bhautika tattva kA vAcaka mAnA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra pudgalastikAya ke cAra bheda hote haiM : 1. skandha; 2. deza; 3. pradeza aura 4. prmaannu| paramANu jaba sampRkta hote haiM to ve skandha kahalAte haiM aura svatantra hote haiM to paramANu kahalAte haiN| 1. skandha : pudgala skandha do paramANu se lekara ananta paramANu ke saMyoga se nirmita hote haiN| ve ananta haiN| 2. deza : pudgala kA eka aMza deza kahalAtA hai| 3. pradeza : skandha ke avibhAjya aMza ko pradeza kahA jAtA hai| 4. paramANu : pudgalAstikAya ke skandha kA nirmANa paramANu ke saMyoga-viyoga se hotA hai| phira bhI paramANu apanA svatantra rUpa se astitva bhI rakhatA hai| pudgala saMkhyA kI dRSTi se ananta haiN| ve dravya kI apekSA se ananta dravya evaM kSetra kI dRSTi se sampUrNa lokAkAza meM vyApta haiN| pudgala kAla kI dRSTi se anAdi, ananta haiN| bhAva kI apekSA se rUpa, 23 aMgasUttANi, khaNDa 2, 13/4/56 / 24 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 36/10 / -bhagavaI (laaddnuuN)| Page #57 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 12 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA varNAdi se yukta aura ajIva haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM pudgala ke lakSaNa kI carcA nimna rUpa se upalabdha hai- zabda, andhakAra, udyota, prabhA, chAyA, Atapa, varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza ye saba pudgala ke lakSaNa haiN| bRhatadravyasaMgraha evaM navatattvaprakaraNa meM bhI pudgala dravya ke ye hI lakSaNa prApta hote haiN| 5. jIvAstikAya uttarAdhyayanasUtra25 meM jIva ke svarUpa kI carcA nimna rUpa se prApta hotI hai| jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa vIrya, upayoga Adi jIva ke lakSaNa haiN| karmAnava26 meM jIva ke lakSaNa kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki - "upayogo jIva lakSaNaM" arthAt jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga (cetanA) hai| usameM jJAna, darzanAdi guNoM ko upayoga ke antargata svIkAra kiyA hai| kucha granthoM meM jIva ke lakSaNa kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "jIvati prANAn dhArayati iti jIvaH" arthAt jo jIvana jItA hai aura prANoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai vaha jIva dravya kahalAtA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM prANa, satva, vijJa, bhUta, vettA, cetA, AtmAdi jIva ke paryAyavAcI nAma prApta hote haiN|27 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM jIva ko kartA aura bhoktA mAnA gayA hai|28 mahApurANa meM jIva ke aneka nAma upalabdha haiM, yathA prANI, jIva, kSetrajJa, antarAtmA, jJAnI, puruSa aadi| bhAratIya darzanoM meM bhI AtmA ke lie jIva zabda prayukta huA hai| phira bhI jahA~ jIva zabda prAyaH saMsArI zarIradhArI AtmA ke liye prayukta huA hai vahIM AtmA zabda zuddha cetanA ke lie prayukta huA hai| sampUrNa bhAratIya darzana kA kendra bindu yahI cetana tattva rahA hai| -uttarAdhyayanasUtra adhyayana 28 / 25 'nANaM ca daMsaNaM ceva, caritta ca tavo tahA / vIriyaM uvaogo ya, eyaM jIvassa lakkhaNaM / / 11 // ' karmAsava 2/8 / bhagavatIsUtra 1/8/10 / _ 'appA kattA vikattA ya, duhANa ya suhANa ya / appA mittamamittaM ca, duppaTThiya-supaTThio / / 27 / / ' 26 bhagavatIsUtra 13/7/465 -uttarAdhyayanasUtra adhyayana 20 / Page #58 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 13 upaniSad AtmA ke vibhinna staroM ke ullekha hameM upaniSadoM meM prApta hote haiN| taittirIyopaniSad meM AtmA ke annamayakoza, prANamayakoza, manomayakoza, vijJAnamayakoza aura Anandamayakoza - aise pA~ca staroM kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai;20 jo kramazaH sUkSma-sUkSma haiN| upaniSadoM meM AtmA ko deha se vilakSaNa, mana se bhI bhinna, vibhu, vyApaka aura apariNAmI bhI batAyA gayA hai| use vacana se agamya kahate hue neti-neti ke dvArA batAyA gayA hai| sAMkhyadarzana sAMkhyadarzana meM AtmA ko nitya, niSkriya, sarvagata evaM citsvarUpa, amUrta, cetana, akartA, bhoktA, nirguNa aura sUkSma rUpa mAnA gayA hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM AtmA ke lie puruSa zabda kA prayoga huA hai|32 nyAyadarzana ___ nyAyadarzana meM jIva zabda ke sthAna para AtmA zabda milatA hai| IrSyA, dveSa, pratyaya, sukha, duHkha, jJAnAdi AtmA ke Agantuka lakSaNa batAye gaye haiN| jJAnAdi ko AtmA kA svabhAva na mAnakara usakA vibhAva mAnA hai|33 vedAntadarzana vedAnta dArzanikoM ke anusAra AtmA eka hai, kintu zarIrAdi upAdhiyoM ke kAraNa vaha bhinna prakAra se dRSTigocara hotI hai| yaha darzana ekatattvavAdI hai| brahmabindu upaniSad meM nimna prakAra se batAyA gayA hai - "eka evaM hI bhUtAtmA bhUte bhUte vyavasthitaH" / ___arthAt eka hI AtmA pratyeka zarIra meM bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM abhivyakta hotI hai|4 30 taittirIyopaniSad 2/1-5 / " kenopaniSad 1/4/6 / zrAvakAcAra (amitagati) 4/35 / 33 (ka) paMcAstikAya 48 / (kha) tattvArthavArtika 1/1, 6 / 34 tattvArthazlokavArtika 1/4/30, 33 evaM 34 / Page #59 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 14 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA bauddhadarzana bauddhadarzana ko anAtmavAdI darzana kahA jAtA hai| AtmA ke astitva ko ve vastusatya na mAnakara kevala kAlpanika saMjJA mAnate haiN| vaha paMca skandhoM kA samUha mAtra hai aura pratikSaNa parivartanazIla hai| jainadarzana jainadarzana meM jIvadravya ko astikAya ke antargata mAnA gayA hai| jainadarzana ne AtmA ko pariNAmI nitya mAnA hai| AtmA apane caitanya svarUpa ko akhaNDa rakhatI huI vibhinna avasthAoM (paryAyoM) meM pariNata hotI rahatI hai| vaha na aNu hai aura na vibhu hai, apitu svadeha parimANa hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne jIva dravya kA lakSaNa cetanA (upayoga) ko mAnA hai| jIvadravya ke sandarbha meM DaoN. sAgaramala jaina likhate haiM ki jainadarzana kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha jIva ko eka akhaNDa dravya na mAnakara aneka dravya mAnatA hai| usake anusAra pratyeka jIva kI svatantra sattA hai aura vizva meM jIvoM kI saMkhyA ananta hai| jIvAstikAya kA vistRta vivecana 'jainadarzana manana aura mImAMsA'. AtmamImAMsA' aura 'jaina siddhAntadIpikA' Adi meM upalabdha hotA hai| jIvoM ke bhedoM kI vistRta carcA hama SaDjIvanikAya ke antargata Age kreNge| kAla uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM SaDdravyoM kI carcA meM kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnA gayA hai evaM use vartanA lakSaNavAlA kahA gayA hai| kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnane ke prazna para jainadarzana meM mataikya prApta nahIM hotaa| svatantra dravya ke rUpa meM kAla ke astitva ko mAnane sambandhI yaha matabheda lagabhaga chaThI zatI taka calatA rahA hai| yadyapi paMcAstikAyoM meM kAla ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai, kintu SaDdravyoM ke antargata kAladravya ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa jagat meM AkAza 35 'vattaNAlakkhaNo kAlo' / -uttarAdhyayanasUtra 28/10 / Page #60 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza aura kAla ke sambandha meM sAmAnya rUpa se sabhI darzanoM meM carcA upalabdha hotI hai| AkAza (Space) aura kAla (Time) kI avadhAraNAe~ vaijJAnika dharAtala para bhI viziSTa mahattva rakhatI haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra hI nahIM apitu vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa se bhI ve Avazyaka siddha hotI haiN| 'kAla' ke payAryavAcI zabda bhI upalabdha hote haiN| jainadarzana kI dravyamImAMsA meM 'kAla' kA paryAyavAcI zabda 'samaya' milatA hai| anuyogadvArasUtra meM samaya ko kAla kahA hai|26 zvetAmbara aura digambara vidvAnoM meM ekamata hai ki kAla astikAya nahIM hai; kyoMki kAladravya meM pradezapracayatva arthAt vistAra guNa nahIM hotaa| kAla meM vartamAna samaya kA mahattva hotA hai - bhUta vyatIta ho cukA hai aura bhaviSya anutpanna hotA hai| kAladravya kA atIta naSTa hone ke kAraNa isakA skandha nahIM banatA hai| isakA tiryak pracaya bhI nahIM hotaa| isa kAraNa kAla kI gaNanA astikAyoM ke antargata nahIM hotii| ataH vaha astikAya nahIM hai| zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne kAla ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai - 1. vyavahArika kAla aura 2. naizcayika kaal| vyavahArika kAla ko aupacArika kAla bhI kahA jAtA hai| jaina siddhAntadIpikA meM AcArya tulasI likhate haiM ki "kaalshc| jIvA-jIva paryAyatvAt aupacArikadravyamasau ityasya-prathag grhnnm| kSaNavartitvAnna ca astikAyaH" arthAt kAla, jIva aura ajIva kA paryAya hai| isa prakAra yaha aupacArika dravya hai aura use pA~coM astikAya dravyoM se alaga grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| nizcayadRSTi se to kAla jIva aura ajIva kA paryAya rUpa hai; kintu vyavahAradRSTi meM kAla dravya hai| kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnane kA kAraNa usakI upayogitA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM paNDita sukhalAlajI likhate haiM ki "upakAraNaM dravyaM" arthAt vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA, paratva aura aparatva - ina pA~ca upakAroM ke kAraNa kAla dravya kI koTi meM AtA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM 36 anuyogadvArasUtra 1/1/36 / 37 'jaM jassa AugaM khalu taM dasabhAgo samaM vibhaiUNaM / majjhillaTThavibhAgo kulagarakAlaM viyANAhi / / ' -vizeSAvazyakabhASya / Page #61 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA muhUrta, prahara, dina, pakSa, mAsa, varSa Adi rUpa vyavahArika kAla lokAkAza ke eka bhAga arthAt manuSya kSetra taka hI hai / 38 vyavahArika kAla ko lokAkAza taka sImita hone ke kAraNa asaMkhya mAnA gayA hai / kintu nizcaya dRSTi se to kAla ananta dravya hai / uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra bhI kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnane kA mukhya AdhAra yaha hai ki jisa prakAra gati aura sthiti ke nimittakAraNa dharma aura adharma dravya haiM; usI prakAra jIva aura ajIva dravya ke pariNata hone kA bhI koI bAhya nimitta kAraNa avazya hotA hai aura vaha kAla hI hai / isI artha meM kAla svatantra dravya hai / lokAkAza meM kAladravya ke nimitta se hI pariNamana hotA hai / alokAkAza kA pariNamana lokAkAza kI apekSA se hI hai / lokAkAza meM paryAya parivartana kA sahakArI kAraNa kAla hai / bRhadravyasaMgrahavRtti meM batAyA haiM ki 16 " padArtha pariNateryatsahakAritva sA vartanA bhaNyate / " arthAt paryAyarUpa parivartanoM meM prati samaya meM dravya ke dhrauvya kA anubhava hotA hai, vaha vartanA hai / tattvArtharAjavArtika meM kahA gayA hai ki "naizcayika dRSTi se jo vartanA lakSaNavAlA dravya kAlANu hai; vahI kAla kahalAtA hai / "36 isa kAla ke nimitta se dravya meM parivartana bhI hotA hai aura astitva kI dhruvatA bhI rahatI hai / ataH yaha kAladravya bhI utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya rUpa tripuTI se yukta mAnA gayA hai "utpAdavyaya dhrauvyayuktaM sat / " - 40 yaha bAta kAlANu para bhI lAgU hotI hai / isI pariNamana rUpa kAlANu ko dravya svIkAra kiyA hai| dravya kI bhUta evaM vartamAnakAlIna paryAyoM ko vyavahArikakAla kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| bRhadravyasaMgrahavRtti meM batAyA hai ki : " tasya paryAya saMbandhinI yA'sau samayaghaTikAdirUpA sthitiH sA vyavahArakAlasaMjJA bhavati, na ca paryAya ityabhiprAyaH / " 38 ' samaeM samayakhetie' / 36 tattvArtharAjavArtika 5 / 211 / 40 tattvArthasUtra 5/30 / - uttarAdhyayanasUtra 36/7 / Page #62 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza arthAt dravya ke paryAya se sambandha rakhanevAlI jo samaya ghaTikA Adi rUpa sthiti hai, vaha sthiti hI 'vyAvahArakAla' hai; kintu jo dravya kI paryAya hai, vaha kAla nahIM hai / apitu usake pariNamana kriyA, paratva, aparatva Adi lakSaNoM se jise jAnA jAtA hai vaha vyAvahArikakAla Adi aura anta sahita hotA hai / kintu nizcayakAla zAzvata hai aura Adi ananta rahita hai / vyAvahArikakAla svayaM dravya nahIM hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM naizcayikakAla ko mAtra jIva aura ajIva kA paryAya rUpa mAnA gayA hai / digambara paramparA meM naizcayika dRSTi se kAla ko vastu sApekSa svatantra vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA gayA hai / karmAnava aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kAla svatantra dravya hai yA nahIM ina donoM matoM kA ullekha prApta hai| jainadarzana meM kAla svatantra dravya hai yA nahIM ye donoM vicAradhArAe~ vizeSAvazyakabhASya arthAt vikrama kI sAtavIM zatI taka calatI rahI haiN| isa prakAra jainadarzana meM paMcAstikAya kI avadhAraNA se hI SaDdravya kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa huA hai aura kAladravya kI svatantra sattA ko kAlAntara meM hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai I - 1.3.1 AtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 41 AcArAMgasUtra meM AtmA ke svarUpa kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "je AyA se viNNAyA, je viNNAyA se AyA" arthAt jo vijJAtA hai vahI AtmA hai, jo AtmA hai vahI vijJAtA hai / AtmA ko paribhASita karate hue abhidhAnarAjendrakoza meM kahA gayA hai ki "atati iti AtmA" jo gamana karatI hai, vahI AtmA hai arthAt jo vibhinna gatiyoM yA yoniyoM meM janma grahaNa karatI hai vahI .42 AtmA hai AcArya kundakunda ke anusAra jo sarvanayoM 41 (vicAra - vikalpoM) se zUnya hai, vahI zuddha Atmatattva yA samayasAra hai / vaha kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana se yukta arthAt vizuddha 42 AcArAMgasUtra 1/5/5/104 / 'abhidhAnarAjendrakoza', bhAga 2 pR. 188 | 17 Page #63 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 18 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA jJAtA-draSTA svabhAvavAlI hai|3 AcArya amRtacandra ne bhI kahA hai ki vicAra kI vidhAoM se rahita nirvikalpa, svasvabhAva meM sthita, jo AtmA (samayasAra) hai, vahI apramatta puruSoM ke dvArA anubhUta hai, vahI vijJAna hai, vahI pavitra purANa puruSa hai| use jJAtA, draSTA Adi aneka nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai| ___caitanyatattva ke sAtha-sAtha AtmA vivekazIla tattva bhI hai| kisI caitanya sattA ke dvArA hI cintana, manana aura zubhAzubha kA viveka hotA hai| AtmA ke binA zubhAzubha kA viveka sambhava nahIM hai| vastutaH jisameM vivekapUrvaka Adarza kA anusaraNa karane kI kSamatA hai use hI AtmA kahA jAtA hai| AtmA ke svarUpa ko lekara vibhinna dArzanikoM kI vibhinna mAnyatAe~ haiN| yogIndudeva ne 'paramAtmaprakAza' meM ina sabhI mAnyatAoM kA nirdeza karate hue unakA bhI samanvaya kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki kaI dArzanika arthAt naiyAyika, vedAntI aura mImAMsaka AtmA ko sarvagata kahate haiN| cArvAka Adi kucha dArzanika AtmA ko jar3a kahate haiN| kaI dArzanika use zUnya kahate haiN| yogIndudeva kI dRSTi meM ye sabhI avadhAraNAe~ apekSA-vizeSa para AdhArita haiN| yaha AtmA karma vivarjita hokara apane kevalajJAna svabhAva se loka aura aloka sabhI ko jAnatI hai| isa apekSA se yaha AtmA sarvagata hai, aisA kahA jAtA hai| kevalajJAna ke utpanna hone para indriyajanya jJAna nAza ko prApta ho jAte haiN| indriyajanya jJAna ke abhAva kI apekSA se AtmA ko jar3a bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| nirvikalpa avasthA ke andara AtmA meM koI bhI vikalpa zeSa nahIM rahatA hai| vaha sarva doSoM se rahita hotI hai| isalie use zUnya bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| karmoM ke kAraNa deha meM sthita hone se AtmA ko deha-parimANa bhI kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra AtmA ke sambandha meM vibhinna darzanoM kI jo avadhAraNAe~ haiM; unheM sApekSika rUpa se hI satya kahA jA 43 'samayasAra', 18 / 44 'samayasAraTIkA', 15 pR. 41 / 45 'ki vi bhaNaMti jiu savvagau jiu jar3a ke vi bhaNaMti / ki vi bhaNaMti jiu deha-samu suNNu vi ke vi bhaNaMti / / 50 / / ' -paramAtmaprakAza / Page #64 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza sakatA hai / 46 47 48 'paramAtmaprakAza' kI gAthA 56 kI TIkA ke pariNAmI AtmA ke siddhAnta meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kisa prakAra ghaTita hotA hai, isakI carcA kI gaI hai| yahA~ yaha prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki saMsArIjIvoM meM to deva, manuSya, nAraka Adi paryAe~ hotI haiN| una paryAyoM kI apekSA se unameM utpAda tathA vyaya mAnA jA sakatA hai; kintu siddhoM meM to janma, maraNa aura zarIra dhAraNa nahIM hotA, ataH unameM utpAda-vyaya kaise ghaTita hogA ? usake uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki siddhoM meM agurU, laghu guNa kI pariNati rUpa artha paryAya hai aura usa artha paryAya meM SaTguNI hAni vRddhi bhI hotI hai / isa artha paryAya kI apekSA se siddhoM meM bhI utpAda - vyaya kahA jAtA hai| punaH saMsAra ke sabhI jJeya padArthoM kA utpAda vyaya aura dhauvya rUpa pariNamana hotA hai aura ve sabhI padArtha siddhoM ke jJAnagocara haiM / jJAna kI pariNati jJeyAkAra hotI hai / jJeya padArthoM meM utpAda-vyaya hone para vaha jJAna meM pratibhASita hotA hai, kyoMki jJAna jJeyAkAra hai / isIlie siddhoM ke jJAna meM bhI jJeya padArthoM kI apekSA se utpAda - vyaya ghaTita hotA hai / ataH siddhoM meM anya dravyoM ke samAna hI utpAda - vyaya evaM dhrauvya mAnane meM koI kaThinAI nahIM hai / jJAna AtmA kA guNa hai aura use dravya, guNa aura paryAya se yukta kahA gayA hai / jJeya padArthoM meM ghaTita hone vAlA utpAda - vyaya jJAna - guNa meM bhI ghaTita hotA hai / dravya aura guNa meM bhI kathaMcit abheda hai / ataH siddhoM ke jJAna meM bhI jJeya kI apekSA se pariNamana avazya hotA hai aura isI apekSA se unameM bhI utpAda - vyaya aura dhrauvya mAnA gayA hai / punaH siddhAvasthA bhI AtmA kI eka paryAya hai aura vaha paryAya utpanna huI hai| siddhAtmA meM saMsArI paryAyoM kA nAza huA hai aura 46 'appA joiya savva - gau appA jaDu vi viyANi / appA deha - pamANu muNi appA suNNu viyANi / / 51 / / ' 47 'appA jaNiyau keNa Na vi appeM jaNiu Na koi / 48 davva- sahArveM Nicu muNi pajjau viNasasai hoi / / 56 / / ' 'taM pariyANahi davvu tuhu~ jaM guNa- pajjaya-juttu / saha-bhuva jANahi tAha~ guNa kama - bhuva pajjau vuttu / / 57 / / 16 -vahI | -vahI / - paramAtmaprakAza / Page #65 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 20 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA siddha paryAya kA utpAda huA hai| usakI apekSA se bhI siddhoM meM bhI utpAda-vyaya ghaTita hotA hai| AtmA eka svatantra tattva hai jainadarzana meM AtmA ko eka svatantra tattva mAnA gayA hai| usake anusAra kabhI jar3a se cetana kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai| sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA meM jar3a se cetana kI utpatti mAnane sambandhI mAnyatA kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA meM zIlAMkAcArya likhate haiM- "bhUta samudAya svatantradharmI hai; usakA guNa caitanya nahIM ho sakatA hai; jaise rUkSa bAlukA-kaNoM ke samudAya meM tela kA abhAva hone se unako pairane para tela kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai| vaise hI jar3a tattvoM meM cetanA lakSaNa kA abhAva hone se unake saMyoga se bhI cetana guNa prakaTa nahIM ho sktaa| ataH caitanya AtmA kA hI guNa ho sakatA hai| jar3a bhUtoM se caitanya lakSaNayukta Atmatattva kI utpatti nahIM ho sktii|"50 bhagavadgItA meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki asat se sat kA prAdurbhAva nahIM hotA aura sat kA vinAza nahIM hotaa| yadi jar3a bhUtoM meM cetanA asat hai to phira unameM se cetanA kI utpatti sambhava nahIM hai|" AtmA kI jar3a se bhinnatA siddha karane ke lie zIlAMkAcArya eka dUsarI yukti bhI prastuta karate haiN| ve likhate haiM ki pA~coM indriyoM ke viSaya alaga-alaga haiN| pratyeka indriya apane viSaya kA (ka) 'appA bujjhahi dabbu tuhu~ guNa puNu daMsaNu nnaannu|| pajjaya cau-gai-bhAva taNu kamma-viNimmiya jANu / / 58 / / ' -paramAtmaprakAza / (kha) 'appA kamma-vivajjiyau kevala-NANe jeNa / loyAlou vi muNai jiya savvagu vuccai teNa / / 52 / / ' -vahI / (ga) 'kAraNa-virahiu suddha-jiu baDhai khirai Na jeNa / / carama-zarIra pamANu jiu jiNavara bollahiM teNa / / 54 / / ' -vahI / (gha) 'aTTha vi kammai~ bahuvihai~ NavaNava dosa vi jenn|| suddhaha~ ekku vi atthi Navi suNNu vi vuccai teNa / / 55 / / ' -vahI / 50 sUtrakRtAMgaTIkA 1/1/8 / 51 'nAsato vidyate bhAvo nAbhAvo vidyate sataH / ubhayorapi dRSTo'ntastvanayostattvadarzibhiH / / ' - bhagavadgItA 2/16 / Page #66 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza hI jJAna karatI hai, jabaki pA~coM indriyoM ke viSayoM kA ekatrIbhUta rUpa meM jJAna karanevAlA anya koI avazya hai aura vahI AtmA hai| AtmA kA astitva vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM AtmA ke astitva ko siddha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki AtmA kA astitva svayaMsiddha hai kyoMki usI ke AdhAra para saMzayAdi utpanna hote haiM / 13 AtmA ke astitva ke prati saMzaya svayaM hI AtmA kI sattA ko siddha karatA hai; kyoMki saMzayakarttA ke binA saMzaya sambhava nahIM hai aura jo sandeha yA saMzaya kA karttA hai, vahI to AtmA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra sukha, duHkhAdi AtmA ke kAraNa hI hote haiM / 6 brahmasUtrabhASya meM AcArya zaMkara bhI kahate haiM ki jo nirasana kara rahA hai, vahI to usakA svarUpa hai / isa prakAra AcArya zaMkara bhI AtmA ke astitva ke lie svataH bodha ko svIkAra karate haiM / 17 pAzcAtya dArzanika DekArTa bhI saMzaya ke AdhAra para AtmA ke astitva ko siddha karate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki kisI bhI sattA ke astitva meM sandeha kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu sandehakarttA ke astitva meM sandeha karanA asambhava hai / sandehakarttA kA astitva sandeha ke pare hai| DekArTa kahate haiM ki "maiM sandehakarttA hU~ / ataH maiM huuN|" isa prakAra DekArTa ne bhI AtmA ke astitva ko svataHsiddha mAnA hai| jainadarzana ke samAna gItA bhI AtmA ko svatantra nitya dravya ke 52 sUtrakRtAMga 1/1/8 | 53 vizeSAvaSyakabhASya 1575 / 54 vizeSAvaSyakabhASya 1571 / 55 vahI 1557 / 56 (ka) jaina darzana, pR. 154 / (kha) AcArAMgasUtra 1 / 5/5/166 / 57 58 pazcimI darzana pR. 106 / 21 brahmasUtra - zaMkarabhASya 3/1/7 / - yadunAtha sinhA / Page #67 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 22 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA rUpa meM svIkAra karatI hai| usameM AtmA ke sambandha meM jainadarzana ke samAna hI kahA gayA hai - "zastra AtmA kA chedana nahIM kara sakate, agni use jalA nahIM sakatI, na jala dvArA bhigoyA yA vAyu dvArA sukhAyA jA sakatA hai| vaha achedya evaM abhedya hai arthAta AtmA nitya hai|"60 yadyapi bhAratIya darzanoM meM bauddha evaM cArvAkadarzana ko anAtmavAdI kahA jAtA hai kintu cArvAkadarzana aura bauddhadarzana ke anAtmavAda meM kucha bhinnatA hai| cArvAkadarzana ke anusAra caitanya-viziSTa deha ko hI AtmA mAnA gayA hai, deha ke naSTa hote hI cetanA bhI sadA ke lie naSTa ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra cArvAkadarzana cetanAyukta zarIra ko hI AtmA mAnakara deha se usakI abhinnatA ko pratipAdita karatA hai| ataH vaha dehAtmavAdI hai| vaha AtmA ko anitya mAnatA hai| ataH vaha AtmaucchedavAdI hai; jabaki bhagavAn buddha ne AtmA ke sambandha meM jo siddhAnta diyA hai, vaha anuccheda azAzvatavAda kA hai arthAt unake anusAra AtmA ekAnta rUpa se na to vinAzazIla hai aura na hI ekAnta rUpa se nitya hai| bauddhadarzana ke anAtmavAda kA abhiprAya AtmA ke astitva kI asvIkR ti nahIM hai| vaha usakI kUTastha-nityatA kI asvIkRti hai| bauddhadarzana meM AtmA ko utpAda-vyaya dharmI arthAt satata parivartanazIla mAnA gayA hai| vaha kUTastha-nitya AtmA kI sattA ko asvIkAra karatA hai kintu Atmasantati arthAt cittadhArA ko svIkAra karatA hai| ___isa prakAra jahA~ cArvAkadarzana meM dehAtmavAda ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura zarIra ke samAna AtmA ko bhI vinAzazIla mAnA gayA hai, vahA~ bauddhadarzana meM vijJAna skandha yA cetanA pravAha ko AtmA 56 (ka) 'antavanta ime dehA nityasyoktAH zArIriNaH / anASino'prameyasya tasmAyudhya bhArata / / 18 / / ' (kha) 'na jAyate mriyate vA kadAcinnAyaM, bhUtvA bhavitA vAna bhUyaH / ajo nityaH zAzvato'yaM purANo, na hanyate hanyamAne zarIre / / 20 / / ' (ga) 'nainaM chindanti zastrANi nainaM dahati pAvakaH / na cainaM kledayantyApo na zoSayati mAruttaH / / 23 / / ' ___ -gItA adhyAya 2 (tulanA kareM AcArAMgasUtra 1/3/3) / 60 'acchedyo'yamadAhyo'yamakledyo'zoSya eva ca / nityaH sarvagataH sthANuracalo'yaM sanAtanaH / / 24 / / ' -gItA adhyAya 2 / 61 'bauddhadarzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana' pR. 436-440 / Page #68 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza kahA gayA hai| cArvAkadarzana meM cAra mahAbhUtoM ke samUha se hI caitanya tattva arthAta AtmA kI utpatti mAnI gayI hai aura cAra mahAbhUtoM ke atirikta AtmA nAmaka koI nitya evaM svatantra tattva nahIM mAnA gayA hai|62 bauddhadarzana meM cetanA se hI cetanA kI utpatti mAnakara AtmasantativAda ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| usane cetanA pravAha ko AtmA mAnA hai| sAtha hI usane kUTastha (apariNAmI) nityaAtmavAda kA niSedha kiyA hai| kintu vijJAnAdi paMcaskandhoM ke rUpa meM satata pravAhazIla cetana sattA ko avazya svIkAra kiyA hai|63 AtmA eka maulika tattva hai AtmA eka maulika tattva hai| yaha siddhAnta cArvAka ko chor3akara samasta bhAratIya darzanoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| unake anusAra saMsAra jar3a-cetana, jIva-pudgala yA Atma aura anAtma kA saMyoga hai, phira bhI unake matoM meM kucha antara hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra isase sambandhita cAra pramukha dhAraNAe~ haiM : 1. mUla tattva jar3a (acetana) hai| usI se cetana kI utpatti hotI hai| cArvAka dArzanika evaM ajitakezambalina Adi bhautikavAdI isa mata kA pratipAdana karate haiN| 2. mUla tattva cetanA hai aura jar3a kI sattA usI para Azrita mAnI jA sakatI hai| bauddha vijJAnavAda, zAMkara vedAnta tathA pAzcAtya vicAraka barkale isa mata kA pratipAdana karate haiN| kucha vicAraka aise bhI haiM, jinhoMne paramatattva ko eka mAnate hue bhI use jar3a-cetana - ubhaya rUpa svIkAra kiyA aura donoM ko hI usakA paryAya yA avasthA mAnA hai| gItA, rAmAnuja aura spinojA isa mata kA pratipAdana karate haiN| 4. kucha vicAraka jar3a aura cetana donoM ko parama tattva mAnate haiM sutrakRtAMga 1/1/8 / 63 (ka) nyAyavArtika, pR. 366 (nyayAmImAMsA pR. 2 para uddhRt); (kha) darzana divijaya, pR. 514 / / 64 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 1 pR. 209-10 / -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / Page #69 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ x jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA aura unake svatantra astitva meM vizvAsa karate haiN| sAMkhya, jaina aura DekArTa isa dhAraNA meM vizvAsa karate haiN| jaina vicAraka spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki kabhI bhI jar3a tattva se cetana kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai| isI prakAra cetana tattva se bhI jar3a kI utpatti sambhava nahIM hai| donoM hI svatantra tattva haiN|65 __ AtmA kI svatantra sattA ke sambandha meM pro. e.sI. mukharjI ne apanI pustaka meM vizeSa rUpa se carcA kI hai|66 ve AcArya zaMkara ke mantavya ko prastuta karate hue bhautikavAdiyoM se yaha prazna pUchate haiM ki bhUtoM se utpanna honevAlI usa cetanA kA svarUpa kyA hai? yA to cetanA una tattvoM kI pratyakSa kI hogI yA unakA hI eka guNa hogii| yadi cetanA bhautika tattvoM kI pratyakSa kI hogI to vaha unase pratyutpanna nahIM hogii| dUsare meM yadi vaha bhautikaguNa hai aura apane hI guNoM ko apane jJAna kI viSaya-vastu banAtI hai; aisA mAneM to phira yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki Aga apane ko hI jalAtI hai yA naSTa karatI hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki cetanA (AtmA) bhautika tattvoM se bhinna eka svatantra tattva hai| DaoN. yadunAtha sinhA ke anusAra AtmA eka vAstavika, sthAI Atmacetana evaM svatantra kartA honA caahie| sAtha hI usameM AtmasaMkalpa evaM AtmanirNaya kI zakti 'sva' ke bhItara honI caahie| tarka zakti yA bauddhika viveka AtmA kA eka anivArya tattva honA caahie|67 zrI kelDaraur3a ke anusAra AtmA kevala manISA ke rUpa meM nahIM; zakti ke rUpa meM bhI prakaTa hotI hai| vyakti meM Atma-cetana sattA, Atmaniyantrita buddhi tathA Atma-nirNAyaka kriyA kA samAveza hotA hai|68 _ jainendra-siddhAntakoza meM kahA gayA hai - "jIvasvabhAvazcetanA yataH sannidhAnAdAtmA jJAtA, draSTA, kartA, bhoktA ca bhavati jIvaH" arthAt jIva kA svabhAva cetanA hai; usI ke sannidhAna ke kAraNa AtmA jJAtA-draSTA evaM karttA-bhoktA hotI hai|66 65 'jaina darzana' pR. 157 / 66 'The Nature of Self Page 141& 143. 67 'nItizAstra' pR. 181-82 / 68 'nItizAstra' pR. 283 / / 66 'jainendra-siddhAntakoza bhAga 2' vR. 266-67 / -DaoN mohanalAla mehtaa| -Dr.A.C. Mukharjee. -DaoN yadunAtha sinhA / -DaoN yadunAtha sinhA / Page #70 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 1.3.2 AtmA ke lakSaNa jainadarzana kI dRSTi se jo jJAnAdi paryAyoM se yukta hai, vahI AtmA hai| jainadarzana meM mukhya rUpa se do padArtha mAne gae haiM - 1. jIva aura 2. ajiiv| inameM jIva usake jJAnopayoga ke dvArA hI pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| vaise jainadarzana meM AtmA kA lakSaNa upayoga arthAt cetanA mAnA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra, ThANAMgasUtra, uttarAdhyayanasUtra 2 Adi jaina AgamoM meM AtmA kA lakSaNa upayoga hI batAyA gayA hai| paravartI jainAcArya73 evaM santa-sAdhaka bhI AtmA kA lakSaNa upayoga arthAt cetanA hI mAnate rahe haiN| nizIthacUrNi meM kahA gayA hai ki "jahA~ 70 bhagavatIsUtra 13/4/480 / 71 ThANAMgasUtra 5/3/530 / uttarAdhyayanasUtra 28/10 / (ka) 'upayogo lakSaNam' / / -tattvArthasUtra 2/8 / (kha) 'sAmAnyaM khalu lakSaNamupayogo bhavati sarvajIvAnAM / sAkAro'nAkArazca so'STabhedazcaturdhA tu / / 164 // ' -prazamaratiprakaraNakArikA / (ga) 'savvaNhuNANa diTTho jIvo uvaoga lakkhaNo nicvaM / / 24 / / ' -samayasAra / (gha) 'uvayoga evaM hamikko cedaNa bhAvo jIo cedaNa guNa vajjiyA sesA / / 37 / / ' -niyamasAra 2 / (ca) 'upayogo khalu duviho NANeNa ya daMsaNeNa sNjutto| jIvassa savvakAlaM aNaNNa bhUdaM viyANihi / / 40 / / ' -paMcAstikAya / (cha) 'upayogo vinirdiSTastatra lakSaNamAtmanaH / / dvividho darzana-jJAna-prabhedena jinAdhipaiH / / 6 / / -yogasAra praabhRt| (ja) 'caitanya lakSaNo jIvo, yazcaitadviparItavAn / ajIvaH sa samAkhyAtaH puNyaM satkarma pudgalAH / / 46 / / -SaDdarzana samuccaya / (jha) 'caitanya svarUpaH pariNAmI kartA sAkSAd bhoktA svadeha parimANaH / pratikSetraM bhinnaM paudgalikA dRSTvAMzcAyam / / 55-56 / / ' -pramANanaya tattvaloka 7 / 74 (ka) 'cetana lakSaNa AtmA, Atama sattA mAMhi / sattA parimita vastu hai, bheda tihUM maiM nAhi / / 11 / / -samayasAranATaka, mokSadvAra / (kha) 'cetanA lakSaNo jIvaH cetanA ca jJAnadarzanopayogI / / anantaparyAya pAriNAmika kartRtva bhoktRtvAdi lakSaNo jIvAstikAyaH / / -devacandrajI kRta nayacakrasAra / Page #71 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 26 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA AtmA hai vahA~ upayoga (cetanA) hai; jahA~ upayoga hai vahA~ AtmA hai" arthAt upayoga aura AtmA meM tAdAtmya hai| vahI usakA svalakSaNa yA svarUpa hai|5 devacandra jI nayacakrasAra meM likhate haiM"cetanAlakSaNo jIvaH cetanA ca jJAnadarzanopayogI-anantaparyAya pAriNAmika-kartRtva-bhoktRtvAdi lakSaNo jiivaastikaayH|" isa prakAra devacandrajI ne cetanA ke sAtha-sAtha kartRtva bhoktRtvAdi anya lakSaNoM kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai| AnandaghanajI ne bhI "Anandaghana cetanamaya mUrati", isa kathana ke dvArA AtmA kA lakSaNa cetanA pratipAdita kiyA hai| AnandaghanajI zAntijina stavana meM likhate haiM "ApaNo Atama bhAva je eka cetanA dhAra re, Avara savi saMyoga thI, vo nija parikara sAra re|"76 isa prakAra jaina dRSTi meM AtmA kA svalakSaNa upayoga arthAt jJAna-darzana hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jJAtAdraSTA bhAva hI AtmA kA nijaguNa hai| jJAna-darzana ke atirikta anya padArtha AtmA ke sAtha saMyoga sambandha se rahe hue haiN| ve usakA svarUpa lakSaNa nahIM haiN| yahI kathana saMthArAporasIsUtra, niyamasAra aura bhAvaprAbhRta Adi meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| AtmA kA mukhya lakSaNa cetanA hai; yaha bAta muni jJAnasAgarajI ne bhI kahI hai : "dharmI apane dharma ko taje na tInoM kaal| AtmA na taje jJAna guNa jar3a kiriyA kI cAla / / "79 arthAta AtmA caitanya svabhAva kA tIna kAla meM bhI tyAga nahIM krtii| punaH yahI bAta AnandaghanajI ne vAsupUjya bhagavAn ke stavana meM bhI kahI hai - "cetanatA pariNAma na cUke cetana kahe jina caMdo re|"80 77 75 'yatrAtmA tatropayogaH yatropayogastatrAtmA' / / 3332 / / -nishiithcuurnni| 76 'zAntijina stavana' -Anandaghana granthAvalI / 'ego meM sAsao appA, nANadasaNa saMjuo / sesA meM bAharA bhAvA, sabve saMjoga lakkhaNA / / ' -saMthArAporasIsUtra / 'ego meM sAsado appA nANadaMsaNa lakkhaNo / __sesA meM bAhirA bhAvA, savve saMjoga lakkhaNA / / 102 / / ' -niyamasAra evaM bhAvaprAbhRta 56 / muni jJAnasAgara - uddhRta Anandaghana granthAvalI pR. 263 / _ 'vAsupUjya stavana' -Anandaghana grnthaavlii| Page #72 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 27 arthAt cetana (AtmA) kabhI bhI apanI caitanya avasthA kA tyAga nahIM karatA hai, yaha jinezvaradeva kA vacana hai| yahA~ AnandaghanajI cetanA ko na to cArvAkadarzana kI taraha pRthvI Adi cAra bhUtoM se utpanna guNa mAnate haiM aura na nyAyavaizeSikadarzana ke samAna use AtmA kA Agantuka guNa mAnate haiM; apitu unake anusAra cetanA AtmA kA svalakSaNa hai| yahA~ jainadarzana ke AtmA ke cetanA guNa sambandhI yaha vicAra AcArya zaMkara ke anurUpa hai| jainadarzana kA mAnanA hai ki nirvANa yA mukti kI avasthA meM bhI AtmA meM cetanA guNa rahatA hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM mukti kI avasthA meM AtmA kI cetanA zakti pUrNarUpeNa vikasita hotI hai; jabaki saMsArAvasthA meM usakI cetanA zakti AvRtta rahatI hai| kintu saMsAra dazA meM jIva kI cetanA zakti pUrNa rUpa se AcchAdita nahIM hotI hai| isa prakAra jahA~ nyAyavaizeSikadarzana muktAvasthA meM AtmA meM cetanA kA abhAva mAnatA hai aura use AtmA kA Agantuka guNa kahatA hai; vahIM sAMkhyayoga, vedAnta aura jainadarzana ise AtmA kA lakSaNa mAnate haiN| AtmA kA yaha cetanA lakSaNa darzana aura jJAna ina do rUpoM meM prakaTa hotA hai| darzana sAmAnya kI cetanA hai ataH nirvikalpa hai aura jJAna vizeSa kI cetanA hai ataH savikalpa hai| inameM darzana (nirAkAra cetanA) abheda arthAt vastu ke sAmAnya svarUpa ko grahaNa karatA hai| jabaki jJAna (sAkAra cetanA) bheda arthAt vastu ke vizeSa svarUpa ko grahaNa karatA hai| ina donoM prakAra kI cetanAoM se hI AtmA kI sattA kA bodha hotA hai| AtmA ke jJAna-darzana rUpa cetana guNoM kI vizeSa carcA Age jJAnopayoga aura darzanopayoga ke rUpa meM kI jaayegii| trividha cetanA jainadarzana meM AtmA ko pariNAmI nitya kahA gayA hai arthAt AtmA nitya hote hue bhI parivartanazIla hai, arthAt usakA upayoga yA jJAnarUpa paryAyoM meM pariNamana hotA rahatA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra AtmA kA yaha pariNamana tIna prakAra kA hai| vaise to ' 'dvividho'STacaturbhedaH' -tattvArthasUtra (2/6) / Page #73 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 28 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA cetanA lakSaNa se yukta AtmA apane Apa meM eka akSaya akhaNDa tattva hai; phira bhI Atmadravya kA paryAya kI apekSA se tIna rUpoM meM pariNamana hotA hai| trividha cetanA kA vargIkaraNa isa prakAra hai : 1. jJAna-cetanA; 2. karmacetanA (saMkalpa); aura 3. karma-phala-cetanA (sukhaduHkharUpa anubhuuti)| ina tInoM prakAra kI cetanAoM kA ullekha pravacanasAra2 evaM adhyAtmasAra3 Adi granthoM meM milatA hai| AnandaghanajI bhI vAsupUjya stavana meM likhate haiM "pariNAmI cetana pariNAmoM, jJAna karamaphala bhAvi re|| jJAna karamaphala-cetana kahiye, lIjo teha manAvI re||"84 zuddhasvabhAva meM pariNamana karanevAlI cetanA jJAnacetanA hai, jabaki rAgAdi bhAvoM meM pariNamana karanevAlI cetanA karmacetanA hai aura sukha-duHkhAdi kA anubhava karanevAlI cetanA karmaphalacetanA hai| jJAnacetanA zuddha aura bhUtArtha hai| vaha jJAnAdi guNoM meM pariNamana karatI hai| karmacetanA rAgAdi bhAvoM ke sAtha kartArUpa meM pariNamana karatI hai jaise "maine yaha kiyA hai, maiM yaha karU~gA" aadi| sukha-duHkha Adi vividha anubhUtiyA~ karmaphalacetanA hai| karmacetanA *aura karmaphalacetanA para ke nimitta se utpanna hotI hai| inake nimitta se AtmA rAgAdi pariNAmavAlI ho jAtI hai| ataH ye donoM bahirAtmA yA buddhAtmA se sambandhita haiN| manovijJAna kI dRSTi meM cetanA Adhunika manovijJAna meM bhI cetanA ke tIna rUpa mAne gaye hai1. Knowing (jAnanA); 2. Willing (icchA karanA); aura 3. Feeling (anubhava krnaa)| manovijJAna kI zabdAvalI meM inheM - 1. jJAna; 2. saMkalpa; tathA 3. anubhUti kahA jAtA hai| 82 pravacanasAra gAthA 123-25 / 83 'jJAnA'khyA cetanA bodhaH, karmAkhyA dviSTaraktatA / ___ jantoH karmaphalA'khyA sA vedanA vyapadizyate / / 4 / / ' -adhyAtmasAra AtmanizcayAdhikAra 45 / 84 'vAsupUjya jina stavana' -Anandaghana granthAvalI / Page #74 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 26 prakArAntara se ye tInoM hI jainadarzana meM kramazaH jJAnacetanA, karmacetanA aura karmaphalacetanA ke paricAyaka haiN| jJAnacetanA, jJAtAbhAva hai, karmacetanA kartAbhAva hai aura karmaphalacetanA draSTA bhAva hai| kintu saMsArI AtmA rAgAdi ke kAraNa isake nimitta se kartA bhoktA bhAva meM pariNamana karatI hai| karmacetanA bandhanakAraka hai| isI dRSTi se samayasAra nATaka meM banArasIdAsajI ne kahA hai ki jJAnacetanA muktibIja hai aura karmacetanA saMsAra kA bIja hai| ina tInoM cetanAoM meM jJAnacetanA ko paramAtmA, karmaphalacetanA ko antarAtmA kA aura karmacetanA ko bahirAtmA kA vizeSa lakSaNa kahA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki paramAtmA meM mAtra jJAnacetanA hI hotI hai - karma aura karmaphala cetanA nahIM hotI hai| saMsArIjIvoM meM jJAnacetanA ke sAtha-sAtha karmacetanA aura karmaphalacetanA bhI hotI hai; kintu unakI jJAnacetanA pramAda ke kAraNa AvRtta rahatI hai| karmacetanA aura karmaphalacetanA meM bhI mithyAdRSTi yA bahirAtmA meM karmacetanA kI pradhAnatA hotI hai aura samyagdRSTi yA antarAtmA meM karmaphalacetanA kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| 1.3.3 AtmA kA kartRtva jaina dArzanikoM ne AtmA ko zubha-azubha karmoM yA dravya karma evaM bhAva karma kA kartA svIkAra kiyA hai| nyAyavaizeSika, mImAMsA evaM vaidAntika dArzanikoM ne bhI jaina dArzanikoM kI taraha AtmA meM kartRtva guNa svIkArA hai| anya dArzanikoM kI tulanA meM jaina dArzanikoM kI yaha viziSTatA hai ki ve apane mUlabhUta anekAnta siddhAnta ke AdhAra para vibhinna apekSAoM se AtmA ko kartA evaM bhoktA mAnate haiN| samayasAra meM kahA hai- "yaH pariNamati sa kartA"86 arthAt jo pariNamanazIla hai vahI kartA hai| Atmadravya sva-svabhAva meM pariNamana karatA hai| ataH sva-svabhAva kA kartA hai| paMcAstikAya meM kahA gayA hai ki azuddha nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se to zubha aura 5 'samayasAranATaka' adhikAra 10, gAthA 85-86 / 86 samayasAra, AtmakhyAti TIkA gAA. 86 kalaza 51 / Page #75 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 1 azubha pariNAmoM kA pariNamana honA hI AtmA kA kartRtva hai| vibhinna nayoM ke AdhAra para AtmA ko kartA batalAte hue jainadarzana meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA dravyakarma, nokarma arthAt zarIrAdi evaM ghaTa-paTAdi bAhya padArthoM kI kartA hai / yaha vyavahAranaya kA kathana hai / AtmA zubhAzubha bhAva - karmoM kI kartA hai yaha azuddha nizcayanaya kI apekSA se mAnA jAtA hai / kintu AtmA apane jJAtA, draSTA, sva-svabhAva kI kartA hai; yaha zuddha nizcayanaya se mAnA jAtA hai kahA bhI hai- " vyavahAra se jIva jJAnAvaraNAdi dravyakarmoM tathA audArikazarIra, AhArAdi paryAptirUpa nokarmoM kA aura ghaTa - paTAdi bAhya padArthoM kA kartA hai / kintu vaha rAga-dveSAdi bhAvakarmoM kA karttA hai, yaha kathana azuddha nizcayanaya ke anusAra hai aura zuddha- - cetana - jJAna - darzana svarUpa zuddha bhAvoM kA karttA hai, yaha zuddha nizcayanaya kA kathana hai / yaha avadhAraNA dravyasaMgraha TIkA, zrAvakAcAra Adi granthoM meM milatI hai| kundakundAcArya ke samayasAra" se bhI isa kathana kI puSTi hotI hai / ve kahate haiM ki 30 arthAt AtmA vyavahAranaya se ghaTa - paTAdi bAhya padArthoM, zarIrAdi nokarma aura jJAnAvaraNAdi dravya karmoM kI karttA hai / kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM svAmI kArtikeya ne bhI kahA hai ki jIva karttA hai; kyoMki karma, nokarma tathA anya samasta kriyAe~ usake dvArA hI kI jAtI haiM / mAtra yahI nahIM jIva saMsAra meM dravya, kSetra, kAla, evaM bhAva ke anurUpa Atma puruSArtha se mokSa ko bhI upArjita kara sakatA hai, ataH vaha karttA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI AtmA svayaM ko apane sukha-duHkhAdi kI karttA evaM bhoktA kahA gayA hai : "appA kattAvikattA ya duhANa ya suhANa ya / appAmittaMmamittaM ca duSpaTThiya supttttio|" AtmA svayaM apane sukha-duHkha kI karttA hai aura svayaM hI 87 88 ct "vavahAreNa du evaM karedi ghaDapaDarathANi davvANi / karaNANi ya kammANi ya NokammaNiha vivihANI / " 60 paMcAstikAya, tAtparyavRtti cUlikA gA. 57 / dravya saMgraha TIkA 8; zrAvakAcAra ( vasunandi ) 35 / samayasAra 68 / kArtikeyAnuprekSA 188 / Page #76 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 31 unakI bhoktA hai| duSpratiSThita AtmA hI apanI zatru hotI hai aura supratiSThita AtmA hI apanI mitra hotI hai| nizcayanaya se saMsAra meM na to koI dUsarA vyakti kisI ko sukhI karatA hai aura na vaha kisI ko duHkhI karatA hai; kintu AtmA svayaM svopArjita karmoM se hI sukhI-duHkhI hotI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki : "appA naI veyaraNI appA me kUDasAmalI appA kAmadUhA gheNu appA me naMdaNaM vaNaM / "62 arthAt AtmA hI vaitaraNI nadI evaM kUTazAlmalI vRkSa hai aura yahI kAmadhenu evaM nandanavana bhI hai arthAt AtmA svayaM hI acchA va burA karma karake apanA hita yA ahita karatI hai| jo AtmA asatkarma karatI hai vaha vaitaraNI nadI yA kUTazAlmalI vRkSa ke samAna hai| vaha apanI hI zatru hai| kintu jo satkarma karatI hai vaha AtmA kAmadhenu yA nandanavana ke samAna apanI hI mitra banatI hai| jIva jaisA karatA hai, vaisA hI phala pAtA hai| jIva ke sukha-duHkha kA kartA Izvara hai, yaha eka bhrAnta avadhAraNA hai| jo jIva acche karma karatA hai, vaha sukhI hotA hai evaM jo bure karma karatA hai, vaha duHkhI hotA hai| sukhI aura duHkhI honA jIva ke svayaM ke karmoM para AdhArita hai| isalie jIva ko kartA kahA gayA hai| vedAntadarzana meM AtmA ko sat cit evaM Ananda rUpa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|63 jainadarzana meM bhI AtmA ko AnandasvarUpa mAnA gayA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra ananta sukha yA Ananda AtmA kA mUla guNa hai|64 kaSAya arthAta rAga-dveSAdi ke kSaya hone para hI AtmA samasta tanAvoM se mukta hokara svayaM anantasukha yA Ananda kI anubhUti kara sakatI hai|65 apane AtmaguNoM ko prakaTa karane kI apekSA se use unakI kartA kahA gayA hai| " uttarAdhyayanasUtra 20/37 / uttarAdhyayanasUtra 20/36 / 63 gItA 2/24, 13/32 / 60 samayasAra, AtmakhyAti TIkA gA. 86, kalaza 75 evaM 83 / 65 vahI kalaza 104-07 / Page #77 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 1. AtmA bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM se kartA-bhoktA hai jainadarzana meM pRthak-pRthak avasthAoM kI apekSA se jIva ko kartA - bhoktA svabhAvavAlA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai : 32 " yaH kartA karmabhedAnAM, bhoktA karmaphalasya ca / saMsartA parinirvAtA, sa hyAtmA nAnyalakSaNaH / / " arthAt jIva svayaM aneka prakAra ke karmoM kA kartA hai aura unake phaloM kA bhoktA hai / apane karmoM se jIva saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai evaM karmoM se mukta hokara vahI nirvANa avasthA ko bhI prApta karatA hai| AnandaghanajI ne bhI AtmA ke kartRtva pakSa ko isI prakAra svIkArA hai : "kartA pariNAmI pariNAmoM, karma je jIvai kariye re, eka aneka rUpa nayavAde, niyate nara anusariye re / 66 arthAt AtmA kartA hai| isa bAta ko spaSTa karate hue ve likhate haiM ki AtmA pariNAmI hai arthAt parivartanazIla hai / ataH karmarUpa pariNAma bhI usake apane hI haiM / isalie AtmA kartA hai, vaha svayaM karma rUpa kriyA karatI hai| Atma pariNAmoM meM karma aura karmaphaloM kA saMvedana samAhita hai| nayavAda kI apekSA se AtmA ke kartRtva ke aneka rUpa haiM / nizcayanaya kI apekSA se AtmA apane jJAna svabhAva kI kartA hai / azuddha nizcaya naya se vaha rAgAdi bhAvoM kI kartA hai aura vyavahAranaya se AtmA paudgalika karmoM evaM ghaTapaTAdi bAhya padArthoM kI kartA hai| 2. kyA AtmA paudgalika karmoM kI kartA hai? vyavahAranaya kI apekSA se AtmA ko jJAnAvaraNAdi paudgalika karmoM kI evaM zArIrika kriyAoM kI kartA mAnA gayA hai / samayasAra kI TIkA meM kahA gayA hai : "yaH pariNamati sa kartA 67 17 arthAt jo pariNamana karatA hai vaha kartA hai 1 66 'vAsupUjya stavana' | 67 samayasAra AtmakhyAti TIkA gA. 86 kalaza 51 / karmabandha kA - Anandaghana granthAvalI / Page #78 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 68 nimitta hone ke kAraNa upacAra se AtmA ko karmoM kI kartA kahA jAtA hai / jaise- " senA yuddha karatI hai", kintu upacAra se aisA kahA jAtA hai ki "rAjA yuddha karatA hai / " ataH upacAra se AtmA ko jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kI kartA kahA jAtA hai / nizcaya se to karma hI karma kA kartA hotA hai / 6 100 pravacanasAra kI TIkA meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki AtmA apane bhAvakarmoM kI kartA hone ke kAraNa upacAra se use dravyakarma kI kartA kahA jAtA hai / jaise kumbhAkAra ghar3e kA kartA evaM bhoktA hai, yaha kathana vyavahAranaya kA hai; vaise hI AtmA ko bhI karmoM kI kartA - bhoktA vyavahAranaya se hI svIkAra karanA caahie| pAramArthika rUpa se AtmA ko pudgala karmoM kI kartA mAnanA mithyA hai | 01 kyoMki cetana padArtha ko acetana dravya kA kartA mAnA jAye to cetana aura acetana meM bheda karanA asambhava ho jAyegA / ' jIva aura pudgala meM nimitta - naimittika sambandha hone ke kAraNa hI jIva ko jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA kartA mAnA jAtA hai / 102 bhAratIya paramparA meM sadaiva ye prazna mahattvapUrNa rahe haiM ki AtmA kartA hai yA nahIM ? bhAratIya vicAraka isa sambandha meM to ekamata haiM ki jIva apane zubhAzubha karmoM kA kartA hai| prANIya jIvana bhautika zarIra meM cetana AtmA ke saMyoga kA pariNAma hai / usameM citta- aMza va acit-aMza dono hI haiN| zaMkara ne isa kartRtva guNa ko mAyAdhIna pAyA aura use eka bhrAnti mAnA / sAMkhyadarzana meM AtmA ko akartA mAnA aura jar3a prakRti ko hI kartA mAnA, jabaki nyAyavaizeSika Adi kucha vicArakoM ne AtmA ko kartA mAnA hai| lekina jaina vicArakoM ne ina ekAntika mAnyatAoM ke madhya samanvaya kA rAstA cunA / yaha satya hai ki jaina Agama granthoM meM AtmA ko sukha - duHkhAdi kI kartA evaM bhoktA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, phira bhI vaha ise Ep 'vavahArassa du Ado poggalakammaM karedi NeyavihaM / taM caiva puNo veyai poggalakammaM aNeyavihaM / / 84 / / tt samayasAra kalaza 104-07 / 100 pravacanasAra, tattvadIpikA TIkA 26 / 101 yogasAra (amitagati) 2/30 / 102 samayasAra gA. 86 kalaza 116 / 33 -samayasAra, kartRkarmAdhikAra / Page #79 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 34 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA ekAntarUpa se nahIM mAnatA hai| usake anusAra saMsArI AtmA pUrva karmoM ke nimitta se acche-bure bhAva karatI hai| ataH vaha una bhAvoM kI kartA hai| una bhAvoM ke nimitta se jo karmabandha hotA hai, use usakI bhI kartA aura bhoktA kahA gayA hai| kintu kundakundAcArya ne AtmA ko para-padArthoM kI kartA mAnane vAloM ko mithyAdRSTi, ajJAnI yA mohI kahA hai| samayasAra meM ve kahate haiM ki "jo yaha mAnatA hai ki maiM dUsare jIvoM ko mAratA hU~ aura parajIva mujhe mArate haiM, vaha mUr3ha hai, ajJAnI hai| jo yaha mAnatA hai ki maiM apane dvArA dUsare jIvoM ko duHkhI yA sukhI karatA hU~, vaha bhI ajJAnI va mUr3ha hai| jJAnI isake viparIta hai| saMsAra ke sabhI jIva apane karmodaya ke dvArA hI sukhI-duHkhI hote haiN|"103 ___amRtacandrasUri ne bhI samayasAra kI AtmakhyAti TIkA04 meM yahI kahA hai| AtmA jJAnasvarUpa hai, vaha jJAna se bhinna nahIM hai| apane jJAtA-draSTA bhAva ke atirikta vaha pudgalarUpa karmoM kI kartA nahIM hai| vyavahArI jIvoM kA aisA mAnanA moha hai|05 ajJAnI jIva hI AtmA ko paudgalika karmoM kI kartA mAnate haiN| mokSa kI abhIpsA hote hue bhI aise logoM ko mukti prApta nahIM ho sktii|06 AtmA pudgaladravyarUpa karmoM kI kartA bhoktA nahIM ho sakatI; kyoMki eka dravya dUsare dravya kA kartA-bhoktA nahIM ho sktaa| paMcAdhyAyIkAra ne bhI kahA hai ki mithyAdRSTi evaM nikRSTa buddhivAloM kI hI yaha mAnyatA ho sakatI hai ki jIva anya dravyoM kA kartA-bhoktA hai| AtmA ko para-padArthoM kA kartA mAnanevAloM ko kundakundAcArya ne jaina siddhAntoM se anabhijJa evaM mithyAdRSTi kahA hai| yaha avadhAraNA nizcayanaya para AdhArita hai|07 103 samayasAra 247-58 / 104 samayasAra AtmakhyAti TIkA gA. 76 kalaza 50 / 105 samayasAra AtmakhyAti TIkA gA. 67 kalaza 62 / 106 vahI TIkA gA. 320 kalaza 166 / 107 (ka) paMcAdhyAyI, pUrvArdha zloka 580-81; (kha) yogasAra (amitagati) 4/13 / Page #80 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 3. AtmA nija bhAvoM kI kartA hai ___paMcAstikAya meM svayaM AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM ki Atma-pariNAmoM ke nimitta se karmoM kA bandha hone ke kAraNa vyavahAranaya ke anusAra AtmA kartA-bhoktA kahalAtI hai| nizcayanaya kI apekSA se to koI bhI dravya dusare dravyoM ke pariNAmoM kA kartA nahIM ho sakatA hai| ataH pudgala karmoM kA kartA AtmA nahIM hai| AtmA apane svayaM ke pariNAmoM kI hI kartA hai - pudgalarUpa dravya karmoM kI nhiiN| paMcAstikAya meM bhI isI prakAra yaha batAyA gayA hai ki nizcaya meM to AtmA apane bhAvoM kI hI kartA hai; pudgala rUpa dravyakarmoM kI nhiiN|08 pravacanasAraTIkA meM bhI kahA hai - "apane pariNAmoM arthAta bhAvoM se AtmA abhinna hone ke kAraNa vaha svayaM apane pariNAmarUpa bhAvakoM kI hI kartA hai, para pudgala pariNAmAtmaka dravyakarma kI nhiiN| amRtacandrasUri ne samayasAra meM eka udAharaNa se yaha batAyA hai ki kumbhakAra ghaTa banAtA hai para svayaM ghaTa-rUpa meM pariNamita nahIM hotA; ataH pAramArthika rUpa se to vaha usakA kartA nahIM kahA jaayegaa| isI prakAra AtmA jJAnAvaraNAdi rUpa karmoM meM pariNamita nahIM hone ke kAraNa paramArtha rUpa se unakI kartA nahIM ho sakatI hai| ina sabhI mantavyoM se siddha hai ki apane pariNAmoM arthAt bhAvoM kI kartA AtmA svayaM hai, kintu pUdagala rUpa karmoM kI kartA nahIM hai| ye vaibhAvika Atma-pariNAma bhI pUrva karmoM ke nimitta se hI hote haiN| ataH unakA bhI nimitta kAraNa to karma hI hai| nizcayanaya se AtmA unakI bhI kartA nahIM hai| isa prakAra jainadarzana meM vyavahAranaya se AtmA ko bAhya padArthoM, jJAnAvaraNa Adi dravyakarmoM aura zarIra Adi karmajanya avasthAoM kI kartA mAnA gayA hai| azuddha nizcayanaya se use zubhAzubha bhAvoM arthAt apanI rAga-dveSa rUpa vaibhAvika avasthAoM kI kartA mAnA gayA hai aura zuddha nizcayanaya se apane jJAnAdi guNoM kI kartA mAnA gayA hai| 108 paMcAstikAya tattvadIpikA TIkA 27 / 106 paMcAstikAya 61; pravacanasAra 62 / 17deg pravacanasAra 30 / " samayasAra, AtmakhyAti TIkA kalaza 75, 63 evaM 86 / / Page #81 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA AcArya gaNaratna kA kahanA hai ki jo jIva jina karmoM kA kartA hotA hai, unhIM karmoM kA bhoktA bhI hotA hai| vyavahAra meM bhI jo phasala botA hai, vahI kATatA bhI hai| yadi sAMkhya dArzanika eka ora puruSa ko akartA batAte haiM aura dUsarI ora use prakRti kA bhoktA bhI mAnate haiM to unakA yaha siddhAnta samIcIna nahIM ho sktaa|12 jainadarzana kA yaha mAnanA hai ki ekAnta rUpa se AtmA ko akartA mAnane para usameM arthakriyA kA abhAva hotA hai aura jisameM arthakriyA nahIM hotI use sat nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ataH yadi AtmA ko sat vastu mAnA jAtA hai, to use kartA mAnanA hogA; cAhe hama use jJAnarUpa, darzanarUpa pariNAmoM kA kartA kyoM na maane| sAMkhya dArzanikoM kA yaha AkSepa hai ki yadi AtmA ko kartA mAnate ho, to phira mukta AtmA ko bhoktA mAnanA par3egA aura yadi aisA mAneMge to mukta avasthA ko kRtyakRtya sthiti nahIM mAnA jA skegaa| isake uttara meM jaina dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki saMsArI AtmA jaba taka karmoM se yukta hai, taba taka hI vaha pudgala rUpa karmoM kA kartA aura bhoktA hai| muktAtmA to apanI jJAtAdraSTA rUpa paryAyoM kA kartA aura bhoktA hotI hai| 4. akartRtva meM doSa DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne Atma akartRtvavAda meM nimna doSa dikhAye haiM :113 1. yadi AtmA akartA hai, to use zubhAzubha karmoM ke lie uttaradAyI bhI nahIM mAnA jA skegaa| 2. yadi AtmA akartA hai, to vaha zubhAzubha karmoM kA kartA bhI nahIM hogI aura zubhAzubha kI kartA nahIM hone se vaha bandhana meM nahIM AvegI aura apane zubhAzubha karmoM ke lie uttaradAyI nahIM hogii| 3. uttaradAyitva ke abhAva meM naitikatA kA pratyaya arthahIna hotA hai, yadi AtmA ko akartA mAnA jAe, to uttaradAyitva kI vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM hogii| 112 SaDdarzanasamamamuccaya TIkA, pra. 236 / 13 'jaina bauddha aura gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 1 pR. 223 / -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / Page #82 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 37 4. naitika Adeza kisI kartA kI apekSA rakhate haiN| yadi AtmA akartA hai to naitika Adeza kisake lie ? 5. mukti yadi sadAcaraNa kA pariNAma hai, to akartA AtmA ke lie usakA kyA artha rhegaa| AtmA ke kartRtva evaM akartRtva ko tIna dRSTikoNoM se abhivyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai - 1. vyAvahArika dRSTi se AtmA zarIra ke sahayoga se (kriyAoM kI) kartA hai| jaba taka AtmA karma zarIra se yukta hai, vaha karmoM kI kartA hai aura usa sthiti meM vaha zubhAzubha karmoM ke lie uttaradAyI bhI hai|14 2. paryAyArthika nizcayadRSTi (azuddhanizcayanaya) ke anusAra AtmA jar3a karmoM kI kartA nahIM hai varan mAtra karmapudgala ke nimitta se apane caitasika bhAvoM (adhyavasAya) kI kartA hai|15 3. zuddha nizcayanaya yA dravyArthika dRSTi se AtmA paradravyoM kI akartA hai| mAtra apanI svabhAva paryAyoM kI kartA hai|" 5. Atma akartRtva sambandhI sAMkhyamata kI samIkSA ___sAMkhyadarzana meM puruSa (AtmA) ko kUTastha-nitya mAnA gayA hai, ataH vaha akartA hai| usakI mAnyatA hai ki prakRti pariNAmI hone ke kAraNa vahI karmoM kI kartA hai| puNya-pApa, bandhana-mukti Adi kA sambandha prakRti se hI hai|17 isake virodha meM jaina dArzanikoM kA kahanA yaha hai ki yadi AtmA akartA hai aura jar3a prakRti hI kartA hai; to phira AtmA ko zubhAzubha karmoM kA uttaradAyI nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| prakRti ko jar3a mAnA gayA hai| jar3a vastu cetana bhAvoM kI kartA nahIM ho sktii| kyoMki puNya-pApa yA karmoM kA zubhattva yA azubhattva cetana bhAvoM ke AdhAra para hI nirbhara hotA hai| acetana 114 samayasAra, kartRkarmAdhikAra 84 / 15 samayasAra gAthA 1 evaM 83 / 116 samayasAra gAthA 62 / 117 (ka) tattvArthavArtika (2/10/1); (kha) SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA 266 / AptaparIkSA, pR. 114 / Page #83 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 38 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA prakRti meM zubhAzubhabhAva ghaTita nahIM hote| ataH vaha puNya-pApa kI kartA nahIM ho sktii| yadi puruSa akartA hai aura prakRti acetana hone se zubhAzubhakarmoM kI kartA nahIM ho sakatI, to phira puNya-pApa Adi kA kartA kauna hai; yaha nizcaya karanA kaThina hogaa| punaH sAMkhyadarzana puruSa (AtmA) ko akartA mAnakara bhI use bhoktA bhI mAnatA hai, to jaina dArzanikoM kA prazna hogA ki jo kartA nahIM hai vaha bhoktA kaise hogA? yadi sAMkhya dArzanika puruSa ko bhoktA mAnate haiM, to unheM use kartA bhI mAnanA pdd'egaa| anyathA una para akRtabhoga kA doSa aayegaa|16 __tattvArthazlokavArtika ke anusAra sAMkhyoM kA yaha kathana ki AtmA yA puruSa to akartA hai, kintu vaha prakRti ke dvArA kiye gaye kAryoM kA upabhoga karatA hai, ucita nahIM hai| vyavahAra meM bhI yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki jo kAma karatA hai, vahI usake phala kA bhoga karatA hai| yadi puruSa akartA hai aura prakRti hI kartA hai, to use hI bhoktA mAnanA caahiye|20 kintu acetana prakati bhoktA kaise hogI ? yadi yaha mAneM ki eka ke dvArA kie gaye kAryoM ke phala kA bhoga dUsarA karatA hai to phira eka ke bhojana karane se dUsare ko tRpta honA caahie| ataH yaha kathana loka vyavahAra ke viparIta hai| yadi acetana prakRti ko kartA mAnA jAyegA, to ghaTAdi jar3a padArthoM ko bhI kartA mAnanA pdd'egaa| akalaMkadeva ne kahA hai ki yadi puruSa (AtmA) akartA hai to phira prakRti ke dvArA kiye gaye kAryoM se AtmA (puruSa) kI mukti nahIM ho sakatI hai|22 sAMkhyoM ne puruSa ko kartA to nahIM mAnA, kintu bhoktA mAnA hai| jainadarzana saMsArI AtmA ko apane zubhAzubha karmoM kA 120 121 116 AptaparIkSA, pR. 114 / tattvArthazlokavArtika 246 / / 'pradhAnena kRte dharme mokSabhAgI na cetanaH / pareNa vihite bhoge tRptibhAgI kutaH paraH / / / uktvA svayamakartAraM, bhoktAraM cetanaM punaH / bhASamANasya sAMkhyasya na jJAnaM vidyate sphuTam / / ' 122 tattvArthavArtika 20/10/1 / -zrAvakAcAra (amitagati 4/34-38) / Page #84 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza kartA-bhoktA mAnatA hai / usake anusAra mukta - AtmA to apanI jJAtAdraSTA rUpa pariNAmoM kI hI kartA - bhoktA hai / .123 AcArya devasena ne kahA hai ki jo jIva dehadhArI hai, vahI bhoktA aura jo bhoktA hotA hai, vaha kartA bhI hotA hai arthAt saMsArIjIva hI karmoM kA kartA-bhoktA hai prabhAcandra ne kahA hai ki yadi AtmA ko kartA nahIM mAnate haiM, to bhoktA mAnane meM bhI virodha AtA hai .124 6. bauddhadarzana aura AtmakartRtvavAda bauddhadarzana meM AtmakartRtva kI samasyA nahIM hai| bauddhadarzana anAtmavAdI darzana hai phira bhI vaha cetanA ke kartRtva ko svIkAra karatA hai| vaha manovRtti ke AdhAra para hI karmoM ke kuzala evaM akuzala hone kA nirNaya karatA hai, kintu cetanA ko pravAharUpa mAnane ke kAraNa, jise karmoM kA kartA yA uttaradAyI mAnA jAya, aisI kisI cetanA kI siddhi usameM nahIM hotI hai / nadI ke pravAharUpa DubAnevAlI jaladhArA ke samAna vaha to parivartanazIla hai| vastutaH vahA~ DUbane kI kriyA to dikhAI detI hai, kintu koI DubAnevAlA nahIM hotA hai| jaba taka DUbane kI kriyA sampanna hotI hai, taba taka bhI DubAnevAle kA astitva nahIM rhtaa| use kartA kaise kahA jAya ? phira bhI bauddhadarzana meM vyavahAradRSTi se vyakti ko kartA mAnA gayA hai / bhagavAn buddha kahate haiM : "apane se utpanna apane se kiyA gayA pApa apane durbuddhi kartA ko isI taraha vidIrNa kara detA hai, jaise maNi ko vajra kATatA hai / " " dhammapada meM kahA gayA hai- "svayaM kA kiyA pApa svayaM ko hI malina karatA hai| yadi svayaM pApa na kare, to svayaM hI zuddha rahatA hai / " zuddhi - azuddhi pratyeka kI alaga hai / koI AtmA dUsare ko zuddha yA azuddha nahIM kara sakatI; aisA dhammapada kA kathana hai / 26 bauddhadarzana isa prakAra "pravAhI AtmA" ko kartA ke rUpa meM svIkRta karatA hai / 125 123 |cakravRtti 124 / 124 nyAyakumudacandra pR. 818 / 125 dhammapada 161 / 126 vahI 165 / 36 Page #85 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 40 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 7. gItA kA dRSTi koNa __ gItA kUTastha AtmavAda ko svIkAra karatI hai|27 isameM bhI AtmA ko akartArUpa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| prakRti se bhinna vizuddha AtmA akartA hai| AtmA kA kartRtva prakRti ke saMyoga se hI hai| nizcayanaya se akartA meM karmapudgaloM ke nimitta kartRtvabhAva ko jainadarzana meM bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ataH AcArya kundakunda kA dRSTikoNa gItA ke dRSTikoNa se atyadhika nikaTa pratIta hotA hai|28 8. AtmabhoktRtvavAda sabhI bhAratIya dArzanikoM kI taraha jaina dArzanikoM ne bhI AtmA ko apane kRta karmoM ke phaloM kA bhoktA mAnA hai| jaina dArzanika AtmA ko mAtra upacAra se karma phaloM kA bhoktA na mAnakara vAstavika rUpa se bhoktA mAnatA hai|26 jaise AtmA kA kartRtva karmapudgaloM ke nimitta se sambhava hai vaise hI bhoktRtva bhI karmapudgaloM ke nimitta se sambhava hai| kartRtva evaM bhoktRtva donoM hI zarIrayukta baddhAtmA meM pAye jAte hai| jainadarzana AtmA kA bhoktRtva bhI zarIrayukta baddhAtmA meM svIkAra karatA hai| ___ dravyasaMgraha, paMcAstikAya, puruSArthasiddhayupAya Adi meM vyavahAranaya se AtmA ko jisa prakAra pudgalarUpa karmoM kA kartA mAnA gayA hai; usI prakAra vyavahAranaya se AtmA ko paudgalika karmajanyavipAka rUpa sukha-duHkha evaM bAhya padArthoM kI bhoktA bhI mAnA gayA hai| azuddha nizcayanaya kI apekSA se AtmA rAgadveSAdi vaibhAvika bhAvoM kI bhoktA bhI hai, kintu zuddha nizcayanaya se vaha jJAtAdraSTA rUpa se svAbhAvika paryAyoM kI bhoktA hai|30 127 gItA 13/26 / 128 samayasAra, 112 / -tulanIya gItA 3/27-28 / 126 'etena upacaritavRtyA bhoktAraM cAtmAnaM manyamAnAnAM sAMkhyAnAM nirAsaH / tathA svakRtasya karmaNAM yatphalaM sukhAdikaM tasya sAkSAda, bhoktA ca / / 46 / / ' -SaDdarzanasamuccaya kArikA TIkA / 130 (ka) dravya saMgraha, gA. 6 evaM usakI TIkA; (kha) paMcAstikAya tattvadIpikA 68 / Page #86 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 41 AdipurANa meM kahA gayA hai ki paraloka sambandhI puNya-pApajanya phaloM kI bhoktA AtmA hai|31 ___svAmI kArtikeya ne AtmA ko karma vipAkajanya sukha-duHkha kI bhoktA batalAyA hai|32 SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI TIkA33 meM sAMkhya dArzanikoM kA mantavya isa prakAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai ki AtmA vastutaH aindrika viSayoM kI bhoktA nahIM hai, apitu upacAra se bhoktA hai| vastutaH puruSa bhoktA nahIM; buddhi meM jhalakanevAle sukha-duHkha kI chAyA 'puruSa' meM par3ane ke kAraNa puruSa bhoktA kahalAtA hai| jaise sphaTikamaNi ko jisa raMga ke saMsarga meM rakhA jAya, vaha vaisI hI pratIta hotI hai; vaise hI svaccha nirmala puruSa, prakRti ke sambandha se sukha-duHkhAdi kA bhoktA bana jAtA hai| vastutaH prakRti hI kartA-bhoktA hai, puruSa mAtra upacAra se bhoktA hai| jaina dArzanika sAMkhyoM ke isa mata se sahamata nahIM haiN| jainadarzana meM AtmA ko upacAra se bhoktA na mAnakara vAstavika rUpa se bhoktA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|34 syAdvAdamaMjarI meM sAMkhya dArzanikoM ke mata kI samIkSA karate hue ve likhate haiM ki AtmA aupacArika rUpa se nahIM; apitu vAstavika rUpa se bhoktA hI hai|35 jainadarzana AtmA ke bhoktRtva guNa ko zarIrayukta baddhAtmA meM svIkAra karatA hai| 6. vyavahAradRSTi aura nizcayadRSTi : DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne likhA hai136 : 1. vyavahArika dRSTi se zarIrayukta baddhAtmA bhoktA hai| -kArtikeyAnuprekSA / 131 AdipurANa 24/262-63 / / 132 'jIvo vihavaibhuttA kammaphalaM so vi ya bhuMjade jamhA / vivAyaM-vivihaM so ciya bhuMjadi saMsAre / / 133 SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA kArikA 48-46 / 134 syAdvAdamaMjarI, pR. 135 / / 135 syAdvAdamaMjarI, pR. 135 / 136 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 1 pR. 225 / -DaoN sAgaramala jaina / Page #87 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 2. azuddha nizcayanaya yA paryAyadRSTi se AtmA apanI mAnasika anubhUtiyoM kA vedaka (bhoktA) hai| 3. pAramArthika dRSTi se to AtmA bhoktA aura vedaka nahIM mAtra draSTA yA sAkSI hai|37 gItA aura bauddhadarzana bhI sazarIra jIvAtmA meM bhoktRtva ko svIkAra karate haiN| AnandaghanajI AtmA ke bhoktRtva svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM ki - "sukha-duHkha rUpa karama phala jAnoM, nizcaya eka Anando re, cetanatA pariNAmana cUke, cetana kahe jinacandoM re|" sukha-duHkharUpa pariNamana karmoM ke vipAka ke kAraNa hai| nizcaya meM to AtmA Anandamaya hai| karmoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa jo sukha-duHkharUpa saMvedanAe~ hotI haiM; usameM karma nimitta kAraNa hai aura AtmA upAdAna kAraNa hai, jabaki AnandAnubhUti AtmA kA nijaguNa hai|38 nizcaya kI dRSTi se to zubhAzubha karmoM kA sukha-duHkharUpa pratipala kA saMvedana AtmA ke svabhAva se bhinna hai; isalie sukha-duHkha pudgala ke nimitta se honevAlI AtmA kI vaibhAvika paryAya haiN|136 zuddha AtmA to unakI sAkSI hai; vaha to mAtra darzaka hai| isa prakAra nizcayanaya kI apekSA se AtmA karma kI kartA evaM bhoktA nahIM hai; kintu vyavahAranaya kI apekSA se AtmA zubhAzubha kamoM kI kartA evaM unake sukha-duHkharUpI. phala kI bhoktA bhI hai| lekina kartRtva aura bhoktRtva donoM hI guNa dehadhArI baddhAtmA meM hI ghaTita hote haiM, na ki mukta AtmA meN|| __ uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI AtmA ko sukha aura duHkha kA kartA evaM bhoktA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|02 samayasAra meM AcArya kundakunda ne vyavahAranaya kI apekSA se AtmA ko pudgalakarmoM kI kartA aura -Anandaghana granthAvalI / 137 samayasAra 81-62 / 138 'vAsUpujya jina stavana' / 136 (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra 20/37 / (kha) samayasAra gAthA 61-62 kI AtmakhyAti TIkA / uttarAdhyayanasUtra 20/37 / 141 vahI / 142 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 20/37 / Page #88 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 143 144 azuddha nizcayanaya kI apekSA se caitasika bhAvoM kI kartA mAnA hai / niyamasAra' evaM paMcAstikAya 45 meM bhI vyavahAranaya se AtmA meM kartRtva aura bhoktRtva svIkRta kiyA gayA hai / nizcayanaya se to AtmA ko hI sva-svabhAva kI kartA aura bhoktA mAnA gayA hai / bRhadravyasaMgraha 4146 aura pramANatattvaloka' Adi granthoM meM bhI AtmA ke kartRtva va bhoktRtva para vibhinna nayoM kI apekSA se vicAra kiyA gayA hai / - 147 niSkarSa yaha hai ki saMsArI AtmA zarIra ke mAdhyama se evaM pUrvakRta karmoM ke udaya ke nimitta se sukha - duHkharUpa saMvedana karatI hai, yaha usakA bhoktRttva hai aura pUrva karmoM ke udaya kI sthiti meM zubhAzubha bhAvarUpa jo pariNamana karatI hai, vaha usakA kartRtva hai I 10. jainadRSTi se anitya AtmavAda kI samIkSA cArvAkadarzana anitya AtmavAda ( kSaNikavAda ) ko svIkAra karatA hai / isa anitya AtmavAda ko bhUtAtmavAda, dehAtmavAda aura ucchedavAda bhI kahA jAtA hai| ajitakezambala ke anusAra AtmA svatantra tattva nahIM hai; kintu usakI utpatti pRthvI Adi bhUtoM ke yoga se hotI hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI isa vicAradhArA kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki pRthvI Adi paMcabhUtoM ke saMyoga se AtmA utpanna hotI hai aura isa saMyoga kA vinAza ho jAne para vaha naSTa ho jAtI hai / ' uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM isa mAnyatA kA ullekha ina zabdoM meM milatA hai ki zarIra meM jIva svataH utpanna hotA hai aura zarIra naSTa hone para vaha bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai| 1 bauddhadarzana ke anusAra AtmA citta santatirUpa hai; 148 146 143 samayasAra - kartRkarmAdhikAra gAthA 81, 82 evaM 84 | 144 niyamasAra 13, 14 evaM 18 / 145 paMcAstikAya tattvadIpikA 27 1 146 bRhadravyasaMgraha gA. 2, 8 evaM 6 aura usakI TIkA / 147 pramANanayatattvAloka 7 evaM 56 / 148 sUtrakRtAMga 1/1 / 78 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 14 / 18 / 43 146 Page #89 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA pariNAmI hai; parivartanazIla hai - vaha citta dhArA hai| ve use paMcaskaMdhoM kA samanvaya kahate haiN| pAzcAtya dArzanika "hyUma" ne bhI samvedanoM ke atirikta kisI nitya AtmA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| grIka dArzanika herekliTsa bhI Atma kSaNikavAda ko mAnatA thaa| bauddhadarzana kA kahanA hai- "yat sat tat kssnnikm|" arthAt jo sata padArtha hai vaha kSaNika hai| sat padArtharUpa AtmA bhI kSaNika hai| phira bhI cArvAkadarzana aura bauddhadarzana ke anitya AtmavAda meM antara hai|50 cArvAka ne caitanya viziSTa deha ko hI AtmA kahA hai, vaha dehAtmavAdI hai| bauddhadarzana meM AtmA ko utpAda-vyaya-dharmI yA satata parivartanazIla mAnA gayA hai| bauddhadarzana kA mAnanA hai ki cetanA pravAha se bhinna svatantra AtmA nahIM hai| AtmA ke sambandha meM bauddhadarzana kI mAnyatA anuccheda azAzvatavAda kI hai arthAt AtmA ekAntarUpa se na to vinAzazIla aura na ekAnta rUpa se nitya hai| bauddhadarzana AtmA kI sthAI sattA ko asvIkAra karatA hai, kintu vaha nirvANa evaM purnajanma ko svIkAra karatA hai| jainadarzana ne AtmA kI ekAnta anityatA kA khaNDana kiyA hai| unake anusAra ekAntarUpa se AtmA ko kSaNika yA anitya mAnanA yukta nahIM hai| kyoMki yadi AtmA ko kSaNa-kSaNa meM badalane vAlI yA anitya hI mAnA jAya to usa para kRtaprakAza, akRtabhoga, smRtibhaMga tathA saMsAra (punarjanma) aura nirvANa kI asambhAvanA ke doSa Ate haiN|" 11. nitya AtmavAda bhAratIya darzanoM meM cArvAkadarzana AtmA kI nityatA evaM punarjanma ke siddhAnta ko nahIM mAnatA hai| bauddhadarzana bhI nitya-AtmavAda ko nahIM mAnatA hai kintu vaha punarjanma ko svIkAra karatA hai| zeSa sabhI bhAratIya darzana AtmavAdI hI haiM aura punarjanma ko svIkAra karate haiN| upaniSad, vedAnta, sAMkhya, yoga, nyAya, mImAMsaka, vaizeSika Adi 150 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 1 pR. 236-37 / ___-DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / 151 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 1 pR. 236-37 / -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / Page #90 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 45 AtmA kI nityatA ko mAnate haiN| AtmA anAdi evaM zAzvata hai| nitya AtmavAda daihika mRtyu ke pazcAt agale janma meM pUrvakRta zubhAzubha karmoM ke vipAka ko svIkAra karatA hai| IsAI aura islAma dharma punarjanma nahIM mAnate, phira bhI ve mRtyu ke uparAnta zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala mAnate haiN| gItA zAzvata evaM nitya AtmavAda ko svIkAra karatI hai| jainadarzana ne dravyArthikanaya se nitya AtmavAda ko mAnA hai| vedAnta evaM sAMkhyadarzana AtmA ko kUTastha-nitya mAnate haiN| kintu unakA ekAntika nityatA kA yaha siddhAnta doSapUrNa hai| __jainadarzana mokSa kI prApti ke lie na to ekAnta nitya-AtmavAda aura na ekAnta anitya-AtmavAda ko svIkAra karatA hai| ekAntarUpa se AtmA ko nitya yA anitya mAnane para mokSa kI vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM hotii| AcArya hemacandra ne vItarAga stotra'52 meM kahA hai ki AtmA ko ekAnta nitya mAnane para sukha-duHkha, zubha-azubha, puNya-pApa Adi bhinna avasthAe~ ghaTita nahIM hoNgii| jainadarzana sApekSarUpa se AtmA ko nitya aura anitya - donoM svIkAra karatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra'53 meM AtmA ko nitya kahA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra'54 meM bhI jIva ko anAdi, avinAzI, akSaya, dhruvAdi nitya kahA hai; kintu yahA~ AtmA kI nityatA kA pratipAdana dravyArthika naya se huA hai| jainadarzana AtmA ko ekAnta rUpa se nitya yA apariNAmI nahIM mAnatA hai| AtmA kI nityatA evaM anityatA ko lekara bhAratIya dArzanikoM meM mukhya rUpa se nimna tIna mata parilakSita hote haiM - 1. upaniSad-vedAnta tathA sAMkhyayoga meM AtmA ko nitya mAnA gayA hai| 2. cArvAka aura bauddhadarzana meM AtmA ko anitya mAnA gayA hai| 3. jainadarzana meM AtmA ko nityAnitya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| bhAratIya dArzanikoM meM nitya aura anitya zabdoM ke artha ko lekara matabheda hai| mukhya rUpa se nitya zabda ke do artha dRSTigocara hote haiM : 1. zAzvata; aura 2. aprivrtniiy| sAMkhyadarzana aura vedAntadarzana AtmA kI nityatA ko ina donoM 152 vItarAgastotra 8/2 evaM 3 / 153 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 14/16 / 154 bhagavatIsUtra 6/6/3/67 / Page #91 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA hI arthoM meM svIkAra karate haiN| nyAyavaizeSika aura mImAMsaka AtmA ko prathama artha meM hI nitya mAnate haiM, kyoMki ve AtmA meM parivartana yA pariNamana svIkAra karate hai| anitya zabda ke bhI yahA~ do artha dRSTigocara hote hai : 1. vinAzazIla; aura 2. parivartanazIla / cArvAkadarzana prathama artha meM AtmA ko anitya svIkAra karatA hai| bauddhadarzana dUsare artha meM AtmA ko anitya mAnatA hai| kintu jainadarzana meM samanvaya kI dRSTi se anekAntavAda siddhAnta ke AdhAra para AtmA ko nityAnitya athavA pariNAmInitya mAnA gayA hai| zAzvata yA traikAlika astitva kI dRSTi se AtmA nitya hai, kintu parivartanazIlatA yA paryAyarUpa pariNamana kI dRSTi se AtmA nitya nahIM hai| ataH jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra AtmA nityAnitya yA pariNAmInitya hai| 1.3.4 AtmA ko niSkriya mAnane meM kaThinAiyA~ nyAyavaizeSika darzana meM AtmA ke sAtha guNa aura karma ko bhI niSkriya mAnA gayA hai|55 'isake pratyuttara meM akalaMka kA kahanA hai ki jaise niSkriya AkAza ke sAtha ghaTa kA saMyoga hone para ghaTa meM kriyA nahIM hotI; vaise hI niSkriya AtmA ke saMyoga aura prayatna se zarIrAdi meM kriyA nahIM ho sktii|56 __ jaina dArzanikoM ne AtmA ko paryAyArthikanaya kI apekSA se sakriya aura nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se niSkriya kahA hai|57 sAMkhya dArzanika AtmA yA puruSa ko niSkriya mAnate haiM; kintu unakA puruSa ko sarvathA niSkriya mAnanA aura prakRtijanya aMhakArAdi ko kriyAvAn mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| isI prakAra naiyAyikoM kA AtmA ko niSkriya mAnanA aura paramANu aura mana ko sakriya mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| tattvArthavArtika meM kahA hai ki AtmA ko yadi niSkriya mAnA jAya to bandha aura mokSa bhI nahIM ho skegaa| ataH AtmA kriyAvAn hai| punaH vaha avyApaka dravya hai| isalie sakriya - 155 vaizeSikasUtra 5/2/21-22 / 156 tattvArthavArtika 5/7/8 / 157 vahI 5/7/45-46 / Page #92 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 47 bhI hai|58 jaina dArzanikoM ne AtmA ko niSkriya nahIM mAnA hai; kyoMki AtmA ko niSkriya mAnane para zarIra meM kisI prakAra kI kriyA nahIM ho skegii| 1. AtmA kI sakriyatA jaina dArzanikoM kI apanI vizeSatA hai ki ve AtmA ko sakriya evaM pariNAmI mAnate haiN| ve AtmA aura pudgala ko sakriya mAnakara zeSa dravyoM ko niSkriya mAnate haiN|56 tattvArthasUtra ke paMcama adhyAya meM kahA hai ki "niSkriyANI ca" arthAt dharma, adharma aura AkAza - ye tIna dravya niSkriya haiN| isake viparIta jIva aura pudgala sakriya haiN| pUjyapAda, akalaMkadeva Adi jaina AcAryoM ne AtmA ko sakriya batAyA hai| AtmapradezoM meM jisake dvArA parispandana yA kampana ho tathA eka kSetra se dUsare kSetra meM gamana ho athavA jo dravya meM antaraMga aura bahiraMga kAraNa se use eka avasthA se dUsarI avasthA meM le jAtI hai; vaha kriyA kahalAtI hai|60 gati, sthiti, aura avagAhanarUpa jo kriyAe~ jIvadravya meM hotI haiM, ve do prakAra kI haiM - 1. svabhAvika kriyAe~; aura 2. vaibhAvika kriyaaeN| inhIM ke kAraNa avasthAntara yA paryAya parivartana hotA hai| ataH AtmA sakriya evaM pariNAmI hai|61 nyAyavaizeSika evaM mImAMsaka AtmA meM zarIra ke samavAya sambandha se kriyA mAnate haiN| vaidika dArzanikoM ne AtmA ko vyApaka tathA kaTastha-nitya mAnane ke kAraNa use niSkriya va apariNAmI mAnA hai| sAMkhya dArzanikoM kA tarka hai ki sat, raja aura tama guNoM ke kAraNa hI kriyA sambhava hai| ve AtmA ko niSkriya siddha karate haiM; kyoMki puruSa meM ye guNa nahIM hote haiN| unhoMne prakRti ko sakriya aura puruSa ko niSkriya svIkAra kiyA hai| 158 tattvArthavArtika 2/26/2 / 156 dhavalA 1/1/1/1 / 160 (ka) sarvArthasiddhi 5, 7; (kha) tattvArthavArtika 5, 22/16 / 161 (ka) niyamasAra, tAtparyavRtti TIkA 184; (kha) gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa 566 / Page #93 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 48 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 2. AtmA kA deha se pRthaktva jainadarzana ke anusAra saMsAra kI sabhI AtmAe~ sazarIrI haiN| ve svayaM apane zarIra kI svAmI haiN| phira bhI ve deha se bhinna haiN|62 DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla ne bAraha bhAvanA ke padya meM kahA hai - "deha devala meM rahe, para deha se jo bhinna hai, hai rAga jisameM, kintu jo usa rAga se bhI anya hai| guNa bheda se bhI bhinna hai, paryAya se bhI pAra hai, jo sAdhakoM kI sAdhanA kA, eka hI AdhAra hai||" 163 arthAt jaba taka jIva karma saMyukta rahatA hai taba taka vaha deha se abhinna pratIta hotA hai| phira bhI dehadevala meM rahate hue vaha vibhu, zuddha, buddha, caitanyapuMja AtmA isa deha se bhinna kahA gayA hai| jo zarIrAdi ke prati rAgabhAva AtmA meM dikhAyI detA hai; vaha para ke kAraNa hai|64 3. AtmA svayambhU aura samprabhu hai AtmA kisI anya dvArA utpanna nahIM hai - ataH svayambhU hai| vaha dravyakarma ke Asava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa prApta karane meM svayaM samartha hone ke kAraNa samprabhu hai|65 paMcAstikAya 66 meM AcArya kundakunda ne jIva ke samprabhutva vyaktitva ke viSaya meM kahA 162 paMcAstikAya gAthA 27 / 163 'bAraha bhAvanAe~ - eka anuzIlana' pR. 113 (saMvara bhaavnaa)| -DaoN hukamacanda bhArilla / 164 paMcAstikAya tattvadIpikA, gAthA 27 kI TIkA / 165 'maiM hU~ apane meM svayaM pUrNa, para kI mujha meM kucha gandha nahIM, maiM arasa arUpI asparzI, para se kucha bhI sambandha nahIM / / maiM raMgarAga se bhinna, bheda se bhI bhinna maiM nirAlA huuN| maiM hU~ akhaNDa caitanyapiNDa, nija rasa meM ramane vAlA hU~ / / maiM hI merA kartA-dhartA, mujha meM para kA kucha kAma nahIM / maiM mujha meM rahane vAlA hU~, para meM merA vizrAma nahIM / / maiM zuddha-buddha avirUddha eka, para pariNati meM aprabhAvI huuN| AtmAnubhUti se prApta tattva, maiM jJAnAnanda svabhAvI hU~ / / ' __-bAraha bhAvanAe~ (anyatvabhAvanA) DaoN hukamacanda bhArilla / 166 paMcAstikAya tattvadIpikA gAthA 69-70 kI TIkA / Page #94 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza hai ki anAdi kAla se yaha jIva svayaM hI zubhAzubha karmoM kA kartA-bhoktA hotA huA, dravyakarma aura bhAvakoM ke udaya se moha, rAga, dveSa, kaSAya evaM ATha karma AvaraNoM se AcchAdita hokara 4 gati, 24 daNDaka aura 84 lAkha jIva yoniyoM meM bhava bhramaNa karatA hai aura jinendra prabhu dvArA kathita mArga para ArUr3ha hokara jinAgama, jinavANI kA anusaraNa karate hue samasta karmoM kA upazama aura kSaya karake mithyA tathA avidyA ke timira ko haTAkara ananta zakti se yukta hokara zuddha AtmasvarUpa va mokSa kI upalabdhi karatA hai| isa prakAra AtmA ke svayambhU tattva evaM samprabhutva kI siddhi hotI hai|68 4. AtmA dehavyApI aura sarvavyApI donoM hI hai jaina dArzanikoM ne AtmA ko apekSA bheda se dehavyApI evaM sarvavyApI mAnA hai| AtmA nitya jJAnamaya hai| AtmA jJAnasvarUpa hone se jJAna parimANa hai| jJAna ko jJeya parimANa kahA gayA hai kyoMki vaha samasta jJeya padArthoM ko jAnatA hai tathA jJeya samasta lokAloka hai| isa kAraNa se jJAna sarvavyApI hai - AtmajJAna svarUpa hai| isalie AtmA bhI sarvagata siddha hotI hai|66 pravacanasAra'70 meM batAyA hai ki yadi AtmA ko jJAna parimANa na mAnA jAya to jJAna ko AtmA se choTA-bar3A mAnA jAyegA aura jJAna kA sambandha caitanya ke sAtha nahIM mAnane se jJAna acetana ho jaayegaa| ataH AtmA lokAloka ke samasta padArthoM ko jAnane meM asamartha ho jAyegI yA nahIM jAna skegii| yadi AtmA jJAna se bar3I hai to jJAna ke binA AtmA padArthoM ko nahIM jAna skegii| ataH AtmA sarvavyApI isalie kahalAtI hai kyoMki vaha jJAna parimANa hI hai| kevalI bhagavanta karmAvaraNarahita hokara apane avyAbAdha kevalajJAna se 167 paMcAstikAya tattvadIpikA evaM tAtparyavRtti gAthA 70 kI TIkA / 168 anyayoga vyacchedikA evaM zloka 6 / 166 syAdvAdamaMjarI pR. 70 / 170 'AdA NANapamANaM gANaM NeyappamANamuddiTuM / 'NeyaM loyAloyaM tamhA NANaM tu savvagayaM / / 23 / / ' 171 kArtikeyAnuprekSA 254-55 / -pravacanasAra 1 / Page #95 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA loka aura aloka ko jAnate haiM / isalie jJAnasvarUpI AtmA sarvagata yA sarvavyApI hai / punaH jainadarzana ke anusAra AtmA kevalI samudghAta ke samaya sampUrNa loka meM vyApta hotI hai / isalie isa avasthA meM AtmA lokavyApI hotI hai / kintu sAmAnyatayA jainadarzana AtmA ko dehaparimANa yA dehavyApI mAnatA hai / jahA~ taka saMsArI AtmA kA prazna hai, vaha zarIra parimANa hotI hai / vaha jisa deha meM rahatI hai usI ko vyApta karake rahatI hai| isI apekSA se AtmA ko dehavyApI kahA gayA haiM / saMkSepa meM jainadarzana ke anusAra AtmA kA jJAna, sAmarthya evaM kevalI samudghAta kI apekSA se lokavyApI tathA dehadhArI kI apekSA se dehavyApI hai / ' bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI kevalI samudghAta meM AtmapradezoM ko lokavyApI siddha kiyA gayA hai 1 isalie kevalI samudghAta kI apekSA se AtmA vyApaka bhI hai / 172 173 174 50 5. AtmA ke bhAvAtmaka svarUpa kA citraNa jainadarzana meM AtmA ke svarUpa kA citraNa vidhAnAtmaka, niSedhAtmaka evaM anirvacanIya dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai|75 vidhimukha se kaheM to AtmA anantacatuSTaya se yukta hai / usameM sattA kI apekSA se anantajJAna, anantadarzana anantasukha aura anantavIrya rahA huA hai / vaha amUrta tattva hai| phira bhI saMsAra dazA meM karmoM se baMdhI hai / vaha Atmadravya kI apekSA se eka hai kintu pratyeka jIva yA AtmA kI svatantra sattA bhI hai / saMsAradazA meM vaha karmoM se baddha hai, kintu mokSa avasthA meM vaha apanI svabhAvarUpa paryAyoM kI kartA aura zAzvata Ananda kI bhoktA hai / saMsAra dazA meM use karmoM se baddha 172 gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa gAthA 668 / 173 (ka) ' sa saptavidhaH vedanAkaSAyamAraNAntikatejovikrayA''hAre kevaliviSadabhedAt / / ' (kha) sarvArthasiddhi 5/8 | 174 bhagavatI ArAdhanA 2113-16 / 175 (ka) 'samiyA dhamme AriyehiM paveie / ' (kha) ' AyAe sAmAie, AyA sAmAissa aTThe / ' samayasAra TIkAe~ 2-3 / - tattvArthavArtika 1/20/12 | - AcArAMgasUtra 1/8/3 / - bhagavatIsUtra 1/6/228 / Page #96 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza kahA jAtA hai; to mukta avasthA meM karma pudgala use prabhAvita karane meM asamartha hote haiN| anya dravyoM kI taraha AtmA bhI ananta guNoM kA paMja hai| usameM, bhAvAtmaka aura abhAvAtmaka - aneka guNa rahe hue haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM, sAmAnya daSTi se usameM paraspara vizeSa virodhI guNa bhI pAye jAte haiN| vaha eka bhI hai, aneka bhI hai, nitya bhI hai, anitya bhI hai, vaha jJAtA draSTA bhI hai aura kartA-bhoktA bhI hai| vaha deha meM rahate hue bhI dehAtIta hai| isa prakAra jaina dArzanikoM ne bhAvAtmaka dRSTi se AtmA kA citraNa kiyA hai| 6. niSedhAtmaka rUpa se AtmA ke svarUpa kA citraNa jainadarzana meM sarvaprathama AcArAMgasUtra ke paMcama adhyAya ke chaThe uddezaka meM AtmA kA niSedhAtmaka varNana prApta hotA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM AtmA ko achedya, abhedya aura adAhya kahA gayA hai|77 AtmA na dIrgha hai, na hRsva hai| vaha na catuSkoNa hai, na parimaNDala hai| AtmA meM na varNa hai, na gandha hai, na zabda hai aura na sparza hai aadi| Anandaghana ke anusAra AtmA kA na veSa hai, na bheSa hai, na vaha kartA hai aura na karma hai| ise na dekhA jA sakatA hai aura na sparza kiyA jA sakatA hai| AtmA rUpa, rasa, gandha aura varNa vihIna hai| usakI na koI jAti hai aura na liMga hai| na vaha guru hai aura na shissy| vaha na laghu hai aura na bRhada hai| na vaha bhogI hai, na yogI hai aura na rogI hai| na vaha zIta hai aura na uSNa hai| vaha na bhAI hai aura na bhaginI hai| vaha na ekendriya hai aura na dvIndriya hai| na vaha strI hai aura na puruSa hai| na vaha brAhmaNa hai, na kSatriya hai, na vaizya hai aura na zUdra hI hai|76 / / AcArAMgasUtra ke atirikta samayasAra,180 paramAtmaprakAza,81 176 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 1 pR. 222 / / -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / 177 AcArAMgasUtra 1/5/6 / 108 'sa na chijjaI, na bhijjaI na ijjhaI na hammai, kaM ca NaM savvaloe / ' -AcArAMgasUtra 1/3/3 / 176 ThANAMgasUtra 5/3/530 / 180 samayasAra 46-55 / 11 paramAtmaprakAza 86-63 / Page #97 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 52 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA niyamasAra'82 Adi meM AtmA ke svarUpa kA vivaraNa niSedha rUpa se kiyA gayA hai| isI taraha kenopaniSad,83 kaThopaniSad,84 bRhadAraNyaka'5, mANDUkyopaniSad,186 taittirIyopaniSad87 aura brahmavidyopaniSad8 meM AtmA ke niSedhAtmaka svarUpa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| subAlopaniSad'86 aura gItA meM bhI AtmA ko achedya, abhedya aura adAhya kahA gayA hai| 1.4.1 jJAnopayoga aura darzanopayoga jainadarzana meM AtmA kA sva-lakSaNa upayoga kahA gayA hai| yaha upayoga do prakAra kA hai : (1) jJAnopayoga; aura (2) drshnopyog| jainadarzana meM upayoga zabda cetanA kA hI paryAyavAcI hai| vastu yA jJeya ko jAnane rUpa pravRtti ko hI upayoga kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra upayoga zabda cetanA kA hI kArya abhivyakta karatA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai - "uvaoga lakkhaNe NaM jIve"160 ___ arthAt jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga hai| yaha bAta aneka Agama granthoM meM bhI kahI gaI hai| ThANAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai - ___"guNao uvayoga guNo" / ' uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI upayoga ko hI jIva kA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai - "jIvo uvaoga lkkhnno|"162 182 niyamasAra 178-76 / 183 kenopaniSad khaNDa 1 zloka 3 / 184 kaThopaniSad a. 13 zloka 15 / 185 bRhadAraNyaka 8 zloka 8 / 186 mANDUkyopaniSad zloka 7 / 187 taittirIyopaniSad brahmAnandavallI 2 anuvAka 6 / 188 brahmavidyopaniSad, zloka 81-61 / 186 'na jAyate na mriyate na muhyati na bhidyate ta dahyate / na chidyate na kampate na kupyate sarvadahano'yamAtmA / / 6 / / ' 160 bhagavatI 13/4/480 / 161 ThANAMgasUtra 5/3/530 / 162 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 28/11 / -subAlopaniSad / Page #98 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza tattvArthasUtra bhI "upayogo lakSaNam"163 kahakara isI bAta ko puSTa karatA hai| upayoga ke do bheda haiM : (1) sAkAra upayoga (savikalpa); aura (2) nirAkAra upayoga (nirvikalpa) / sAkAra upayoga : jo vastu ke vizeSa svarUpa ko grahaNa karatA hai, vaha sAkAra upayoga hai| nirAkAra upayoga : jo vastu ke sAmAnya svarUpa ko grahaNa karatA hai, vaha nirAkAra upayoga hai| sAkAra upayoga jJAna hai aura nirAkAra upayoga darzana arthAt anubhUti hai|84 jisake dvArA AtmA jAnatI hai use jJAnopayoga aura jisake dvArA AtmA dekhatI hai arthAt anubhava karatI hai use darzanopayoga kahA gayA hai| ye donoM upayoga AtmA se kathaMcita abhinna mAne gaye haiM, kyoMki AtmA ko chor3akara ye upayoga anyatra kahIM nahIM rhte| ataH Atma-sApekSa hone se donoM AtmA se abhinna haiN| punaH ye donoM upayoga AtmA se kathaMcit bhinna bhI haiM; kyoMki upayogarUpa paryAya utpanna hotI haiM aura naSTa hotI haiN| jo upayogarUpa paryAya samApta ho gaI, vaha AtmA se bhinna hotI hai| kyoMki AtmA to rahatI hai, kintu ye paryAya naSTa ho jAtI haiN|65 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM AtmA ke lakSaNa jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, vIrya aura upayoga batAye gae haiN|66 phira bhI AtmA kA asAdhAraNa lakSaNa to upayoga hI hai| upayoga kA artha bodharUpa vyApAra kiyA jAtA hai| upayoga zabda kI vyutpatti isa prakAra kI gaI hai - "upayujyate vastuparicchedaM bodha-rUpa vyAparyate jIvo'nenetyupayogaH" arthAt jIva jisake dvArA vastu kA pariccheda arthAt bodhirUpa vyApAra karatA hai yA usameM pravRtta hotA hai, use hI upayoga kahA jAtA hai| jIva kA mUla lakSaNa upayoga hI hai| yaha nigoda se lekara siddha 163 tattvArthasUtra 2/8 / 164 samayasAra nATaka, mokSadvAra 10 / 165 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 14/16 / 166 'nANaM ca dasaNaM ceva, carittaM ca tavo tahA / vIriyaM uvayogo ya, eyaM jIvassa lakkhaNaM / / 11 / / ' -uttarAdhyayanasUtra adhyayana 28 / Page #99 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA taka ke sabhI jIvoM meM hotA hai| yahA~ para prazna uThatA hai ki nigoda jIva kI atyalpa vikasita avasthA mAnI jAtI hai| kyA usa avasthA meM upayoga ho sakatA hai? uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki nigoda meM bhI jIva kA akSara ke anantaveM bhAga jitanA jJAna avazya hotA hai; kyoMki itanA bhI jJAna yA upayoga na ho to nigoda ke jIva aura jar3a meM kyA antara rahegA? isakA spaSTIkaraNa yaha hogA ki saMsAra meM pratyeka jIva meM upayoga arthAt jJAnAtmaka guNa hotA hai; para jIva ke vikAsa kI apekSA se bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA hotA hai arthAt usameM tAratamya rahatA hai| siddhoM meM upayoga arthAta jJAna-darzana guNa pUrNa vikasita hote haiM; jabaki nigoda ke jIva meM ve sabase kama vikasita hote haiN| nigoda ke jIvoM kA upayoga atimanda yA alpa vikasita hotA hai| anya jIvoM kA upayoga unake aindrika evaM mAnasika vikAsa ke AdhAra para kramazaH vikasita hotA jAtA hai| kevalI kI avasthA meM upayoga arthAt jJAna-darzana guNa pUrNa vikasita hotA hai| jIva ke sAtha karmoM kA AvaraNa hone ke kAraNa karmoM kI taratamatA banI rahatI hai| 1. jJAnopayoga ke bheda : uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI TIkA'67 meM bhI sarvaprathama upayoga ke do bheda (1) jJAnopayoga; aura (2) darzanopayoga - pratipAdita kiye gae haiN| viSaya kA sAmAnya bodha honA darzanopayoga aura vizeSa bodha honA jJAnopayoga sAkAra upayoga kahalAtA hai| ajJAna aura jJAna ke AdhAra para niyamasAra68 meM jJAnopayoga ke ATha prakAra batAye gaye haiM - pA~ca jJAna aura tIna ajJAna : (1) matijJAna; (2) zrutajJAna; (3) avadhijJAna; (4) manaHparyavajJAna; 167 uttarAdhyayanasUtra TIkA : (ka) patra 2766 (bhAvavijayajI); (kha) patra 2771 (zAntyAcArya); aura (ga) patra 2786 (kamalasaMyamodhyAya) / 168 niyamasAra 11-12 / Page #100 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 55 (5) kevalajJAna; (6) matiajJAna; (7) zrutaajJAna; aura (8) vibhNgjnyaan| antima tIna jJAna mithyAjJAna haiM tathA prathama pA~ca jJAnoM meM cAra jJAna vikala arthAt AMzika hote haiN| kevalajJAna sakala yA pUrNa hotA hai|'66 2. jJAna kI paribhASA ___ jaina sAhitya meM jJAna kI vyutpatti aneka prakAra se kI gaI hai| usameM jJAna ko kartA (jAnanevAlA), kAraNa (sAdhana) aura adhikaraNa ke rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| (1) "jAnAti iti jJAnam" arthAt jo jAnatA hai yA jAnane kI kriyA karatA hai vaha jJAna hai| yahA~ kriyA evaM kartA meM abhedopacAra karake jJAna ko kartA arthAt AtmA kahA gayA hai| (2) "jJAyate avabudhyate vastutattvamiti jJAnam" arthAt AtmA vastutattva ko jisake dvArA jAnatI hai, vaha jJAna hai| jJAna kI yaha paribhASA uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM upalabdha hotI hai|00 yahA~ jJAna ko sAdhana yA karaNa mAnA gayA hai| (3) "jJAyate asminniti jJAnamAtmA" - jisako jAnA jAtA hai vaha jJAna hai; vahI AtmA hai| jJAna kI yaha adhikaraNamUlaka vyutpatti hai| yahA~ pariNAma jJAna aura pariNAmI AtmA meM abhedopacAra kiyA gayA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM jJAna kI yaha paribhASA isa rUpa meM upalabdha hotI hai - "je AyA se viNNAyA - je viNNAyA se aayaa|"201 uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke 28veM adhyayana evaM dazavaikAlikasUtra meM jJAna ko sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa mAnA gayA hai| 3. jJAna AtmA se kathaMcit bhinna-abhinna jainadarzana jJAna ko AtmA kA guNa svIkAratA hai| guNa apane 186 'tattha paMcavihaM nANaM, suyaM AbhinibohiyaM / ohinANaM taiyaM, maNanANaM ca kevalaM / / 4 // ' -uttarAdhyayanasUtra adhyayana 28 (zAntyAcArya) / 20deg uttarAdhyayanasUtra TIkA patra 555 (zAntyAcArya) / 20 AcArAMgasUtra 1/5/5/104 (aMgasUttANi, lADanUM khaNDa 1 pR. 45) / Page #101 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA guNI se na sarvathA bhinna hotA hai aura na sarvathA abhinna hotA hai, parantu kathaMcit bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna hotA hai|202 paMcAstikAya ke anusAra guNa se bhinna guNI aura guNI se bhinna guNa kI sattA asambhava hai|03 isI siddhAnta ke anusAra jJAna-guNa guNI-AtmA se bhinna nahIM hai| jJAna AtmA kA svabhAva hai| svabhAva sattA se abhinna hotA hai| ataH jJAna AtmA se abhinna hai| AcArAMgasUtra204 meM bhI kahA gayA hai - "jo jJAtA hai vahI AtmA hai aura jo AtmA hai vahI jJAtA hai|" kintu yaha kathana nizcayanaya kI apekSA se hai| jJAna AtmA kA svarUpa-lakSaNa hai| ataH ina donoM ko alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yadi AtmA aura jJAna abhinna na hoM to svarUpa kA abhAva na hone se AtmA kA hI abhAva siddha ho jAyegA aura nirAzraya hone se jJAnAdi guNa kI sattA bhI nahIM rhegii| AtmA se bhinna jJAna aura jJAna se bhinna AtmA kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| isIlie paMcAstikAya,205 SaDdarzanasamuccaya206 Adi granthoM meM AtmA aura jJAna ko kathaMcit abhinna mAnA gayA hai| kintu ve donoM sarvathA abhinna nahIM haiN| AtmA guNI hai aura jJAna guNa hai| AtmA lakSya aura jJAna lakSaNa hai| isalie vyavahAranaya ke anusAra donoM meM bheda bhI mAnA gayA hai| saMjJA aura saMjJI, lakSya aura lakSaNa donoM meM bhinnatA hai| dUsare AtmA meM mAtra jJAna guNa hI nahIM hai - darzana (anubhUti), icchA, bhAvanA Adi bhI AtmA ke guNa haiN| guNa ko abhinna mAnane para ina vividha guNoM meM bheda bhI sambhava nahIM hogaa| __ jIva aura jJAna meM guNa aura guNI ke mAdhyama se bheda na kiyA jAe to jo dekhanA hai vaha darzana hai aura jo jAnanA hai vaha jJAna hai - yaha bheda kaise hogA ?207 pravacanasAra meM bhI batAyA hai - _ "NANaM appANaM vaTTadi NANaM viNA Na appaannN| tahmA NANaM appA - appA NANaM va aNNaM vA / / "208 202 SaDdarzana samuccayaTIkAkArIkA 46 / 203 paMcAstikAya 44-45 / / 204 AcArAMgasUtra 1/5/5/104 / 205 paMcAstikAya 43 / 206 SaDdarzanasamuccayaTIkA kArikA 46 / 207 kArtikeyAnuprekSA 180 / 208 pravacanasAra 1/27 / Page #102 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 57 jJAna ko yadi jIva se sarvathA abhinna mAnA jAyegA to sukha-duHkhAdi guNa aura jJAna meM koI antara nahIM rhegaa| ataH jJAna AtmA se kathaMcit abhinna hai| SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI TIkA06 Adi meM bhI aisA hI mAnA gayA hai| vastutaH jainadarzana anekAntavAdI hai| ataH usameM guNa-guNI meM kathaMcit abheda aura kathaMcit bheda mAnA gayA hai| 4. AtmA ananta-catuSTaya se yukta hai jaina dArzanikoM ne AtmA ke svarUpa kA vivecana karate hue AtmA meM anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasaukhya (Ananda) aura anantavIrya (anantazakti) rUpa ananta-catuSTaya ko svIkAra kiyA hai|10 unake anusAra vizva kI pratyeka AtmA svarUpataH ananta-catuSTaya se sampanna hai| AtmA meM ye guNa svabhAvataH nihita haiN| kintu karmoM ke dvArA AcchAdita hone ke kAraNa usakI jJAnAdi rUpa ye ananta zaktiyA~ kuNThita ho jAtI haiN| usa AvaraNa ko samApta kara una kSamatAoM ko yogyatA meM pariNata karanA hI sAdhanA kA eka mAtra lakSya hai| AtmA kA yaha ananta-catuSTaya jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya - ina cAra ghAtI karmoM ke AvaraNa ke kAraNa hI kuNThita hai| paramAtmadazA meM praveza karane ke pUrva ina cAroM ghAtIkarmoM ke AcaraNa ko haTAnA atyanta Avazyaka hotA hai| tabhI paramAtmadazA meM ye ananta zaktiyA~ anAvarita hokara hameM pUrNa rUpa se upalabdha ho sakatI haiN| ananta-catuSTaya rUpa jo zaktiyA~ AtmA meM tirohita haiM, unhIM zaktiyoM ko prakaTa karane ke lie antarAtmA puruSArtha karatI hai aura usakA yaha puruSArtha hI sAdhanA hai| __ ina ananta zaktiyoM kA AtmA meM prakaTIkaraNa karane ke lie AtmA ke sAtha rahe hue kaSAyarUpI kalmaSa ko naSTa karanA Avazyaka hai| kaSAya ke kAraNa hI kArmaNa vargaNAe~ AtmA kI ina zaktiyoM ko AcchAdita karatI haiN| kaSAyoM ke naSTa hone se hI 206 SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA kArikA 46 / deg pramANanayatattvaloka 7/56 / Page #103 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 58 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA karmAvaraNa naSTa hotA hai| taba AtmA paramAtmapada kI svAmI banatI hai| AtmA meM samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana, samyakcAritra evaM samyaktaparUpI dIpa ke prajvalita hone para jJAnAvaraNIya Adi ghAtIkoM ke AvaraNa haTa jAte haiM tathA ananta-catuSTaya kA prakaTana hotA hai aura AtmA antarAtmA se paramAtmA bana jAtI hai arthAt sarvajJatA kI upalabdhi kara letI hai| (ka) anantadarzana aura anantajJAna jainAcAryoM ne apane tIrthaMkaroM kI sarvajJatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| AtmA para se karmAvaraNa haTane para anantadarzana aura anantajJAna guNa arthAt sarvajJatA svAbhAvika rUpa se prakaTa ho jAtI hai| sarvajJatA se yukta paramAtmA saMsAra ke samasta jIvoM tathA tIna lokoM ke samasta padArthoM ko eka sAtha (yugapata) jAnate evaM dekhate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha vizva jyoM kA tyoM unake jJAna meM vaise hI jhalakatA hai jaise darpaNa meM vastue~ pratibimbita hotI haiN|212 AcArAMgasatra 213 meM sarvajJatA ko isI prakAra batAyA gayA hai| kandakandAcArya214 zivArya215 aura niyuktikAra bhadrabAhusvAmI216 ne bhI sarvajJa ko samasta padArthoM kA draSTA mAnA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne niyamasAra ke "zuddhopayogAdhikAra"217 meM siddhoM kI sarvajJatA ke sambandha meM kahA hai ki "vyavahAranaya kI apekSA se ve samasta lokAloka ke sabhI padArthoM ko sahajabhAva se dekhate aura jAnate haiM; kintu padArthoM ke pariNamana se na to kevalI bhagavAn prabhAvita hote haiM aura na unake dekhane-jAnane se padArthoM kA pariNamana hI prabhAvita hotA hai| nirlipta bhAva rUpa sahaja hI jJAtA-jJeya sambandha rahatA hai; kintu nizcayanaya kI apekSA se to ve apane Atma-svarUpa ko " uttarAdhyayanasUtra 20/36 / 12 SaDkhaNDAgama 13/5/5/82 / 23 AcArAMgasUtra zru. 2, cU.3 (darzana aura cintana pR. 126) / 24 pravacanasAra 147 / 215 bhagavatIArAdhanA 2142 / 216 Avazyakaniyukti 127 / 217 niyamasAra gA. 156 / Page #104 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza jAnate-dekhate haiM / " kevalI kI parapadArthajJatA vyavahArika hai naizcayika nahIM hai I yaha bAta DaoN. mahendrakumAra ne siddhivinizcaya kI prastAvanA meM likhI hai / 218 jaina tarkazAstriyoM ne tArkikayuga meM samantabhadrAcArya, siddhasena, akalaMkadeva, haribhadrasUri, vIrasena, vidyAnanda, prabhAcandra, hemacandrasUri Adi dvArA bhI sarvajJa kI avadhAraNA svIkAra kI gaI hai| samantabhadra kahate haiM ki jinako sUkSma atIndriya padArtha pratyakSarUpa se kevalajJAnarUpI darpaNa meM samAnarUpa se pratibhASita hote haiM; ve sarvajJa haiM 216 yaha sarvajJatA anumAna pramANa se svIkAra kI gaI hai| isI taraha akalaMkadeva, haribhadra evaM vidyAnanda Adi AcAryoM ne bhI paramAtmA kI sarvajJatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| paramAtmaprakAza meM kahA gayA hai ki jo AtmA ke nirmalatama sarvajJa svarUpa kA cintana karatA hai, vaha paramAtmA ko prApta karatA hai| 220 ( kha ) anantasaukhya ananta- catuSTaya meM saukhya ko bhI AtmA kA svalakSaNa mAnA gayA hai / 221 yadi Ananda yA saukhya ko AtmA kA svalakSaNa nahIM mAneM to cetanA ke bhAvanAtmaka pakSa kI upekSA hogii| Ananda AtmA kA bhAvanAtmaka pakSa hai / yadi Ananda ko AtmA kA svalakSaNa na mAnakara AtmA se bAhya tattva mAnA jAyegA to phira jIvana kA sAdhya Antarika na hokara bAhya hogA / yadi Ananda - kSamatA Atmagata na hokara vastugata hogI, to sukhoM kI upalabdhi bAhya sAdhanoM para nirbhara hogI; kintu yaha bAta adhyAtma zAstra ke virUddha jAtI hai 1 jIvana meM hama anubhava karate haiM ki Ananda kA pratyaya pUrNataH bAhya nahIM hai / bAhya vastuoM kI apekSA vaha hamArI cetanA yA manaHsthiti para nirbhara karatA hai / asantulita yA tanAvapUrNa caittasika sthiti meM sukha ke bAhya sAdhanoM ke hote hue bhI vyakti sukhI nahIM hotA hai / 218 siddhivinicaya TIkA, prastAvanA pR. 999 / 216 AtmamImAMsA kArikA 5 / 220 paramAtmaprakAza 75 / 221 56 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 17 /20 / Page #105 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 60 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA isalie Ananda ko AtmA kA hI svalakSaNa mAnanA hogaa|222 jainadarzana kA uparyukta dRSTikoNa tarkasaMgata hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM nyAyavaizeSika evaM sAMkhya vicAradhArAe~ Ananda yA saukhya ko AtmA kA svalakSaNa nahIM maantiiN| sAMkhyadarzana ke anusAra Ananda sattvaguNa kA pariNAma hai| ataH vaha prakRti kA hI guNa hai - AtmA kA nhiiN| nyAyavaizeSika darzana use cetanA para nirbhara to mAnatA hai, kintu vahA~ use eka Agantuka guNa hI mAnA gayA hai| __ isa sambandha meM vedAnta kA dRSTikoNa jainadarzana ke samIpa hai| usameM brahma ko sat aura cit ke sAtha-sAtha Anandamaya bhI mAnA gayA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra AtmA apanI avyAbAdha, ajara-amara, avinAzI muktadazA meM anantasukha yA anantaAnanda kI anubhUti karatI hai|223 (ga) anantavIrya jainadarzana meM AtmA ko anantavIrya se yukta mAnA gayA hai| manovaijJAnika cetanA kA eka pakSa saMkalpAtmaka zakti mAnate haiN| ise Atma-nirNaya kI zakti bhI kaha sakate haiN| isa saMkalpa-zakti ko hI jainadarzana meM vIrya kahA gayA hai| Atma-nirNaya kI zakti jIvana ke lie upayogI hai| yadi AtmA meM Atma-nirNaya kI kSamatA (saMkalpa-svAtantrya) nahIM mAnI jAyagI to usakA naitika uttaradAyitva samApta ho jaayegaa| kyoMki naitika uttaradAyitva saMkalpa-svAtantrya para nirbhara hotA hai aura saMkalpa-svAtantrya ke lie AtmA meM Atma-nirNaya kI zakti mAnanA Avazyaka hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra224 meM jIva (AtmA) ke cha: lakSaNoM meM vIrya kA bhI ullekha hotA hai| isakI TIkAoM meM vIrya kA artha sAmarthya 222 (ka) iSTopadeza zloka 27; (kha) niyamasAra tAtparyavRtti 102 / 223 (ka) tattvAnuzAsana 120 / (kha) niyamasAra 63 evaM 181 / 224 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 18/11 / Page #106 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza kiyA gayA hai|225 kintu vaha sAmarthya caitasika hI hogii| isase yaha bhI pratiphalita hotA hai ki AtmA kI zakti yA sAmarthya nirNayAtmaka hai, jise prakaTa karane kA prayatna vIryAcAra ke dvArA hotA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke 17veM 'pApazramaNIya' nAmaka adhyayana meM nimna pA~ca AcAroM kA ullekha hai - jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra aura viiryaacaar|226 yadyapi jainadarzana ke paravartI granthoM meM cAritra ke antargata tapa evaM vIrya kA samAveza kara liyA gayA hai; lekina uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM inakA alaga varNana milatA hai|27 ataH inameM rahI huI AMzika bhinnatA ko jAnanA yahA~ ucita pratIta hotA hai| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM vIryAcAra puruSArtha rUpa hai| vaha svazakti kA prakaTIkaraNa hai| ataH vaha pravRtti kA paricAyaka aura vidhi rUpa hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM sAdhaka ke lie jJAna, darzana, cAritra tathA tapa ke kSetra meM jisa puruSArtha ke lie preraNA dI gaI hai, vahI vIryAcAra hai| anantavIrya yA anantazakti AtmA kA svalakSaNa hai28 aura isa anantazakti (anantavIrya) kI kSamatA ko yogyatA ke rUpa meM pariNata karane hetu puruSArtha karanA vIryAcAra kahalAtA hai| dUsare, anantavIrya Atma-nirNaya kI zakti hai aura usa zakti ko viSaya-vAsanAdi bAhya tattvoM se aprabhAvita rakhane kA prayatna hI vIryAcAra hai|226 antarAtmA isI kI sAdhanA karatI hai| . yahA~ taka AtmA ke upayoga, lakSaNa aura ananta-catuSTaya kI jo carcA kI gaI hai, vaha nizcayanaya ke AdhAra para AtmA ke svalakSaNoM kI carcA hai| Age AtmA kI svabhAva evaM vibhAva pariNati kI carcA kreNge| 226 225 uttarAdhyayanasUtra TIkA patra 561 / 16 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 17/20 / 227 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, zAntyAcArya kI TIkA patra 556 / 228 yogasAra 22 / 6 (ka) adhyAtmarahasya 22; (kha) samayasAra, AttakhyAti TIkA 7; (ga) pravacanasAra 2/66-100; (gha) niyamasAra 66 evaM 181; aura (ca) iSTopadeza 21 / 22 Page #107 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 1.4.2 AtmA kI svabhAva aura vibhAva pariNati nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se AtmA apane zuddha svabhAva meM sthita hai / kintu vyavahAranaya kI dRSTi se AtmA ke svAbhAvika va vaibhAvika donoM paryAya hai| jaba taka AtmA apane zuddha svabhAva ko jAnakara AtmaniSTha nahIM ho jAtI, taba taka vaha mohagrasta rAga-dveSa janya vaibhAvika avasthAoM se mukta hokara pUrNa jJAnAdi rUpa svabhAvaparyAya meM pariNamita nahIM ho pAtI hai / vibhAvadazA kA abhAva hone para hI AtmA meM vItarAga bhAva utpanna hogA aura eka samaya aisA hogA ki mohajanya rAga-dveSa kA abhAva hokara AtmA kI zuddha svabhAvarUpa vItarAgadazA prakaTa hogii| vyakti ke antarmukha hote hI samasta zubhAzubha vikalpa - jAla kA pralaya ho jAtA hai aura antara meM svabhAvarUpa nirvikalpa Ananda kA sAgara laharAne lagatA hai / taba sAdhaka AtmAnanda meM tallIna ho jAtA hai / jaba zuddhAtmAnubhUti kA abhyudaya hotA hai; taba caitanyapuMja AtmA samyak prakAra se apane svabhAvAtmaka pariNamana meM sthira ho jAtI hai / ,230 62 AtmA kI svAbhAvika evaM vaibhAvika avasthA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa se jainadarzana meM AtmA kI mukhyatayA do avasthAe~ svIkAra kI gaI haiM svAbhAvika aura vaibhAvika / vibhAva avasthA meM sthita AtmA ko bahirAtmA kahA gayA hai| bahirAtmA bAhya jagat meM bhaTakane kI rucivAlI hotI hai / vaha sva-svarUpa meM sthita hokara jJAtAdraSTA svabhAva kI anubhUti nahIM kara pAtI hai / yaha bahirmukhatA yA vaibhAvika avasthA usake AtmAbhimukha banane meM bAdhaka hotI hai / vibhAvadazA ke samApta hone para hI svabhAvadazA prakaTa hotI hai / - AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jo icchAoM tathA AkAMkSAoM ke pIche bhAgegA, usakA citta chalanI kI taraha hogA / usakA vyaktitva bikhara jAyegA tathA vaha sva-svarUpa kI anubhUti nahIM kara paayegaa| jar3a padArthoM se pare haTakara antarajagat meM praveza karanA hI 230 'rAta vibhAva vilAta hI, udita subhAva subhAnu / samatA sAca matai milai Anandaghana mAnu / / 34 / / ' - Anandaghana granthAvalI / Page #108 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza AtmAbhimukhatA hai| isake dvArA hI AtmA svAbhAvika avasthA ko prApta hotI hai / muktAtmA yA paramAtmA to sadaiva nija svabhAva meM sthira rahate haiM / svAbhAvika avasthA hI jIvana kA parama sAdhya hai / svAbhAvika aura vaibhAvika avasthAoM ko bhagavadgItA meM svadharma aura paradharma ke rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA hai / 231 AnandaghanajI ne svabhAvadazA ko samatA aura vibhAvadazA ko mamatA kahA hai / zuddhAtmasvarUpa kI anavarata anubhUti ko sva-svabhAvadazA evaM paudgalika para - bhAvoM meM bhaTakane vAlI cetanA ko vibhAvadazA kahA hai / 232 unhoMne AtmA kI vibhAvadazA kA atyanta sundara citraNa kiyA hai "bAluDI abalA jora kisau kare, pIur3o para ghara jAI, pUraba disi taji pacchima rAtar3au, ravi astagata thaI / " .233 jisa prakAra sUraja pUrva dizA ko tyAga pazcima dizA meM anurakta hokara asta ho jAtA hai; usI prakAra jaba AtmA samatA rUpI svaghara kA tyAgakara mamatArUpI paraghara meM anurakta ho jAtI hai; taba usakI zuddha svabhAvikadazA para mithyAtvarUpI tama chA jAtA hai / samayasAra TIkA meM bhI AtmA kI svabhAvaparyAya aura vibhAvaparyAya kA ullekha huA hai / vastutaH paryAya jainadarzana kA pAribhASika zabda hai / yaha avasthA yA dazA ko sUcita karatA hai / svAzrita yA svabhAvadazA mukti kI dyotaka hai / vibhAvadazA parapudgala ke nimitta se hone vAlI paryAya arthAt parAzritadazA hai / yaha bandhana kI paricAyaka hai / DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne apane zodha prabandha grantha meM likhA hai ki "naitika jIvana kA artha vibhAvaparyAya se svabhAvaparyAya meM AnA hai|" svabhAvadazA AtmA kI sAttvikavRtti aura vibhAvadazA AtmA kI tAmasika ( tamoguNavAlI) vRtti hai T svabhAva aura vibhAva ye donoM avasthAe~ eka dUsare kI virodhI hote hue bhI I 234 231 'zreyAn svadharmo viguNaH paradharmAtsvanuSThitAt / svadharme nidhanaM zreyaH paradharmo bhayAvahaH / / 35 / / 63 - bhAgavadgItA adhyAya 3 / 232 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 1 pR. 222 / - DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / 233 Anandaghana granthAvalI pada 41 / 234 samayasAra TIkA 2, 3 / Page #109 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 64 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA AtmAzrita haiN| jainAgama AcArAMgasUtra,235 sUtrakRtAMga,236 bhagavatIsUtra237 Adi meM samatva yA samatA ko AtmA kA svabhAva kahA gayA hai aura isake viparIta rAga-dveSa janya kaSAyoM ko vibhAvadazA kahA gayA hai| vibhAvadazA hI bahirAtmadazA hai| vibhAvadazA se parAGmukha hokara AtmA 'sva' meM sthita hokara zuddhAtmAnubhUti karatI huA paramAtma avasthA ko upalabdha kara letI hai| 1. AtmA pariNAmI kaise ? jainadarzana meM AtmA ko pariNAmI nitya mAnA gayA hai| vaha utpAda-vyaya evaM dhrauvya svabhAva vAlI hai| AtmA kA apane svabhAva meM avasthita rahanA pariNAma kahalAtA hai|38 AcArya amRtacandra ne kahA hai ki "svayameva pariNamante" arthAt saMsAra kA pratyeka padArtha apane upAdAna kI yogyatA ke anusAra svayaM hI pariNamita hotA hai| anya padArtha usake pariNamana meM nimitta mAtra hI ho sakate haiN| tattvArthavArtika meM Atmadravya ko pariNAmI kahA gayA hai| pariNamana kA artha parivartana hotA hai| AtmA apane svadravyatva yA sva-svarUpa ko chor3e binA svAbhAvika pariNamana karatI hai|36 isa pariNAma yA parivartana ko paryAya bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha paryAya do prakAra kA hai: vyaMjanaparyAya240 aura arthpryaay|241 jIva aura pudgala dravya-pariNAmI kahalAte haiM kyoMki ina donoM meM vyaMjanaparyAya aura arthaparyAya donoM hI pAye jAte haiN| arthaparyAya kI apekSA se dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina dravyoM ko bhI pariNAmI kahA gayA 235 'samiyAe dhamme AriyehiM pavedite / ' -AcArAMgasUtra 1/5/3 / 236 sUtrakRtAMga 1 a. 1, 321 / 237 'AyAe samAie AyA samAissa aTThe / / 228 / / ' -bhagavatIsUtra 1/6 / 238 (ka) pravacanasAra 66 / (kha) 'tadbhAvaH pariNAmaH / ' -tattvArthasUtra 5/41 / 236 'pariNAmo vivartaH / / 10 / / ' -nyAyavinizcaya TIkA 1 / 240 'vyaMjana paryAya sthUla evaM zabdagocara hotI hai| zarIra ke AkAra rUpa AtmapradezoM kA avasthAna vyaMjana paryAya hotI hai / nara, narakAdi vyaMjana paryAya saMsArIjIvoM ke hI hotI haiN|' 241 'agurulaghuguNa kI SaDguNavRddhi aura hAni rUpa pratikSaNa badalane vAlA paryAya artha-paryAya kahalAtA hai / mukta jIva isI paryAya kI apekSA se pariNAmI haiM |'-drvysNgrh TIkA 76-77 / Page #110 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 65 hai| phira bhI inameM arthaparyAya hotI hai| vyaMjanaparyAya kA abhAva hotA hai| vyaMjanaparyAya kI apekSA se to ve apariNAmI kahalAte haiN| pariNamana kI apekSA se jIvadravya anitya hai, kyoMki pariNamanarUpa paryAya yA avasthAe~ badalatI rahatI haiN| paryAyArthikanaya kI apekSA se pratyeka dravya nitya hote hue bhI pariNamana svabhAvavAlA hone se svayaM hI kAryarUpa meM pariNamana karatA hai arthAt usakI vartamAna paryAya bhaviSyakAlIna paryAya meM badala jAtI haiN| isalie use anitya kahA jAtA hai| kintu pUrvavartI aura paravartI donoM hI paryAyoM meM rahanevAlA jIvAtmA to vahI hotA hai| sva-svarUpa kI apekSA se Atmadravya nitya hai aura paryAya kI apekSA se anitya athavA pariNAmI hai|242 harivaMzapurANa meM bhI kahA gayA hai - "dravyaparyAya rUpatvAnnityAnityobhayAtmakA"243 ___arthAt dravya kI apekSA se vastu nitya aura paryAya kI apekSA se anitya hotI hai| yaha jIva zizuparyAya (avasthA) se yuvAparyAya aura yuvAparyAya se jarAvasthA ko prApta karatA hai athavA devagati, tiryaMcagati, manuSyagati yA narakagati meM jAtA hai| yahI usakA pariNamana kahalAtA hai| yadi hama bandhana tathA mokSa ko mAnate haiM to hameM AtmA ko pariNAmI mAnanA hogaa| jIva astitva kI apekSA anAdinidhana hai, to bhI naye-naye paryAyoM meM pariNata hotA rahatA hai| aisA svAmI kArtikeya kA mantavya hai|44 vasunandI ne bhI svIkara kiyA hai ki jIva pariNAmI hai kyoMki vaha cAroM gatiyoM meM gamana karatA hai|245 AcArya kundakunda ne bhI yahI svIkAra kiyA hai|46 2. AtmA apariNAmI kaise ? jainadarzana ke anusAra Atmadravya ko pariNAmI nitya mAnA gayA hai| jabaki anya bhAratIya darzanoM tathA sAMkhyayoga, prabhAkara evaM 242 paMcAstikAya, tAtparyavRtti TIkA 27 / 243 harivaMzapurANa 3/108 / 244 kArtikeyAnuprekSA 160/231-32 / 245 zrAvakAcAra (vasunandI) 26 / 246 bhAvapAhuDa 116 / Page #111 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA vedAnta meM AtmA ko kUTastha-nitya tathA apariNAmI mAnA hai| kintu kumArilabhaTTa jaina dArzanikoM kI taraha AtmA ko pariNAmI hI mAnate haiN| sAMkhyadarzana dvArA AtmA ko apariNAmI mAnakara bhI use aupacArika rUpa se bhoktA to mAnanA hI par3A hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne sarvathA kSaNika AtmavAda evaM apariNAmI kUTastha-nitya AtmavAda kI tIvra AlocanA kI hai|47 AcArya kundakunda ke anusAra yadi AtmA na svayaM karmoM se baMdhI hai aura na svayaM AtmA rAgAdibhAva meM pariNamana karatI hai - aisA mAneMge to phira AtmA apariNAmI ho jaayegii| rAgAdibhAva binA AtmA ke pariNamana nahIM hoNge| ataH saMsAra kA abhAva ho jaayegaa| AtmA ke apariNAmI hone para karma pudgala jIva ko rAgarUpa se pariNamita nahIM kara skeNge|48 punaH yadi AtmA ko apariNAmI mAneMge to puNya-pApa kI vyavasthA bhI DagamagA jaayegii| akalaMkadeva kA kahanA hai ki zubhAzubha karmoM ko nahIM karane ke kAraNa AtmA ko zubhAzubha karmoM kA bandha bhI nahIM hogaa| AtmA ko kUTastha-nitya mAnane para mokSAdi ke abhAva kA prasaMga upasthita ho jaayegaa|246 sAtha hI artha ke sannikarSa se hone vAle jJAna Adi kA abhAva ho jaayegaa| taba tattvoM ko na jAnane ke kAraNa mokSa kA bhI abhAva hogaa|250 kUTastha-nitya AtmavAda meM samantabhadra ne bhI uparyukta doSa batAye haiN|25" isa prakAra AtmA ko kUTastha-nitya mAneMge to arthakriyA nahIM hone para AtmA avastu siddha ho jaayegii|52 'apracyutAnutpannasthiraikarUpaM nityaM' sAMkhya matAnusAra yadi utpatti evaM vinAza se rahita hone para AtmA nitya kahI jaayegii| jainadarzana ke anusAra phira zubha-azubha karma nahIM ho -devAgamakArikA 1 / 247 'kuzalAkuzalam karma paralokazca na kvacit / ekAntagraharakteSu nAthasvaparavariSu / / 8 / / ' 248 samayasAra 121-23 / 246 tattvArthavArtika 1/1/56; 1/6/11 / 250 SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA, kArikA 46 / 251 'nityatvaikAntapakSe'pi vikriyA nopapadyate / prAgeva kArakAbhAvaH kva pramANaM kva tatphalam / / puNyapApakriyA na syAt tyabhAvaphalaM kutaH / bandhamokSau ca teSAM na yeSAM tvaM nAsi nAyakaH / / ' 252 syAdavAdamaMjarI, kArikA 5 / -devAgama 3/37/40 / Page #112 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 67 paayeNge| usake pariNAmasvarUpa puNya-pApAdi kA abhAva hone para bandha tathA mokSa bhI kisI prakAra se sambhava nahIM hai aura saMyama, niyama, dAna, samyagdarzanAdi bhI nahIM ho skte| kyoMki isake lie use anya avasthA dhAraNa karanI par3egI athavA padArtha ko utpAda-vyaya vAlA mAnanA hogA;253 jo kUTastha-nityavAda meM sambhava nahIM hai| ataH AtmA ko apariNAmI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai|54 3. AtmA kathaMcit mUrta aura kathaMcit amUrta hai jainadarzana meM AtmA ko amUrta (arUpI) dravya kahA gayA hai| paMcAstikAya meM bhI AtmA ko amUrta dravya mAnA gayA hai|255 dravyasaMgraha meM kahA gayA hai ki dravyArthikanaya kI apekSA se AtmA pudgala ke guNa rUpAdi se rahita amUrta hai|56 AcArya pUjyapAda devanandI ne kahA hai ki AtmA kA mUla svabhAva to amUrta (arUpI) hai, kintu zarIradhArI saMsArI AtmA karma-zarIra se yukta hone se mUrta bhI hai| AtmA ekAnta rUpa se na to amUrta hai aura na muurt| saMsArApekSA se vaha kathaMcit mUrta bhI hai aura zuddha svarUpa kI apekSA se AtmA amUrta hai|257 isI prakAra DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla ne bhI bAraha bhAvanA ke padya meM kaMthacit amUrtatA kA citraNa kiyA hai : "jisa deha meM Atama rahe vaha deha bhI jaba bhinna hai, taba kyA kare unakI kathA jo kSetra se bhI bhinna hai| svonmukha civRtiyA~ bhI AtmA se anya haiM, caitanyamaya dhruva AtmA, guNabheda se bhI bhinna hai|"256 arthAt dravyArthika naya kI apekSA se zuddha-svabhAvI AtmA amUrta hai evaM paryAyArthikanaya kI apekSA se dehadhArI karmoM se yukta AtmA mUrta hai| 253 tattvArthasUtra 5/31 / 254 siddhAntasAra saMgraha 4/23-4 / 255 paMcAstikAya 67 / 256 'vaNNarasa paMca gaMdhA do phAsA aTTha NiccayA jIve / __No saMti amutti tado vavahArA mutti baMdhAdo / / 7 / / ' 257 (ka) sarvAthasiddhi 2/7; (kha) tattvArthasAra 5/16 / 258 'bAraha bhAvanA : eka anuzIlana' / -dravyasaMgraha / -DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla / Page #113 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA anAdikAla se kArmaNa zarIra ke sAtha caitanya - svarUpa AtmA kA saMyoga hone ke kAraNa vaha dehadhArI AtmA mUrta (rUpI) hai evaM jJAnAdi svabhAva ko nahIM chor3ane ke kAraNa AtmA amUrta bhI hai|256 ataH siddha hai ki nizcayanaya kI apekSA se AtmA amUrtika hai kintu vyavahAranaya kI dRSTi se anAdi kAla se kSIra-nIra sama paraspara AtmA aura karma kA saMyoga hone ke kAraNa AtmA mUrtika hai / isa prakAra jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra AtmA kathaMcit amUrta aura kathaMcit mUrta hai / .260 68 4. AtmA ke anirvacanIya svarUpa kA citraNa AtmA ke anirvacanIya svarUpa ko jainadarzana ke sAtha-sAtha prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM meM bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| AtmA vacanAtIta hai evaM vANI ke dvArA usakA varNana asambhava hai| yadi use rUpI kahA jAya to cakSu se dRSTigocara kyoM nahIM hotI hai ? agara use arUpI kahA jAye to arUpI Atmatattva ko rUpI zarIra meM kaise bA~dhA jA sakatA hai? dUsare zabdoM meM yadi use arUpI mAnA jAve; to vaha zarIradhArI kaise ho sakatI hai? AnandaghanajI kahate haiM ki yadi use ubhayarUpa arthAt rUpI-arUpI donoM AtmA kahatA hU~, to siddha paramAtmA ke lakSaNa se usakI samarUpatA ghaTita nahIM hotI hai / .261 yadi hama AtmA ko svarUpataH mukta kaheMge to sAMsArika avasthA ghaTita nahIM hogii| kyoMki zubhAzubha karma, puNya-pApa, punarjanma Adi AtmaparyAya haiN| phira punarjanma Adi paryAya bhI nirasta mAnI jaayeNgii| yadi use svarUpataH baddha kahA jAye to mukti sambhava nahIM 256 tattvArthavArtika 2/7/24 | 260 (ka) 'vyavahAreNa karmabhiH sahaikatvapariNAmAnmUrto 'pi nizcayena / nirUpasvabhAvatvAnnahi mUrtaH / / 27 / / (kha) dhavalA 13 / 5 / 5 /63 / 261 'saravaMgI saba nai ghaNI re, nayavAdI pallo gahai pyAre, anubhava gocara vastu ko re, kahaNa suNaNa ko kuM kachu nahIM - paMcAstikAya tattvadIpikA TIkA / mAnai saba paravAna / karai lAi ThAna || jANi vo iha ilAja / pyAre, Anandaghana mahArAja / / 61 / / ' -Anandaghana granthAvalI / Page #114 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 66 hogii| punaH yadi AtmA sanAtana tattva hai to utpatti kisakI aura mRtyu kisakI?262 agara use utpanna hone vAlA aura maranevAlA svIkAra kareMge to zAzvata, ajara-amara aura nitya kauna hai? isa prakAra kisI eka naya pakSa ke dvArA AtmA ke svarUpa ko siddha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| nayavAdI yadi kisI ekAnta dRSTikoNa ko svIkAra karate haiM to ve vivAda meM ulajha kara AtmA ke svarUpa se anabhijJa raha jAte haiN| use AtmAnubhUti ke dvArA hI jAnA jA sakatA hai|63 AtmA kathana-zravaNa kA viSaya bhI nahIM hai, balki anubhUti kA viSaya hai| tarka kA bhI vahA~ koI kArya nahIM hai; mati yA buddhi use grahaNa karane meM asamartha hai| 'kahana sunana ko kachu nahIM pyAre' isa paMkti ke dvArA yahI siddha hotA hai ki AtmA jJAnAnandI yA caitanya svarUpa hai| vaha kahane yA sunane se pare hai| vaha indriyoM, mana aura buddhi se bhI pare hai| AnandaghanajI dvArA varNita anirvacanIya AtmA ke isa svarUpa kI tulanA kabIra se kI jA sakatI hai| kabIra ne use "gUMge kA gur3a kahA hai" arthAt usakA (AtmA kA) anivarcanIya svarUpa varNAtIta hai| use anubhava to kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu kahA nahIM jA sktaa|264 AtmA ko anubhUti ke dvArA hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| 5. bauddhadarzana kI apekSA se AtmA kI avadhAraNA bauddhadarzana meM AtmA ko kSaNika evaM pariNAmI svIkArA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM bauddhadarzana use pratikSaNa parivartanazIla mAnatA hai| jainadarzana apane samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa ke anusAra use pariNAmI to kahatA hai, parantu AtmA ko kSaNika nahIM mAnatA hai| kyoMki vaha 262 'bandha mokSa vicAra' / -paMcAstikAya 67 / 263 'AtmAnamAtmanA vetti, mohatyAgAd ya Atmani / tadeva tasya cAritraM, tajjJAnaM tacca darzanam / / 2 / / ' -yogazAstra, caturtha prakAza / 264 'bAbA agama agocara kaisA, tAte kahi samujhAvauM aisA / jo disai so to hai vo nAhIM, hai so kahA na jAI / / sainA bainA kahi samajhAvoM, gUMge kA guDa bhAI / dRSTi na dIsai muSTi na Avai, binasai nAhi niyArA / / aisA gyAna kathA gurU mere, paNDita karo vicArA / / 126 / / ' -kabIra granthAvalI / Page #115 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 70 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA utpAda aura vyaya (utpatti aura vinAza) donoM meM dravya kI anvaya rUpa rahane vAlI sattA ko mAnatA hai - jaise kuzUla, ghaTa, zivaka, dIpaka Adi paryAyoM meM miTTI dravya anvayarUpa se rahatA hai| AtmA ko ekAnta kSaNika mAnane meM nimna doSa Ate haiM:265 1. jisameM artha kriyA hotI hai, vaha vastu kahalAtI hai|266 AtmA ko kSaNika mAnane se vaha avastu siddha hogii| kyoMki kSaNika AtmA meM krama, akrama yA kisI anya prakAra se artha kriyA asambhava hai| punaH kSaNika padArtha meM dezakRta tathA kAlakRta krama bhI asambhava siddha hogaa| ataH AtmA ko kSaNika mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai| 2. aSThasahasrI kI kArikA meM kahA gayA hai267 ki yadi AtmA ko kSaNika mAneMge to kiye gae kAryoM kA vinAza ho jaavegaa| jisa kSaNa meM kArya kiyA thA vaha kSaNa naSTa ho jaavegaa| phira phala kI upalabdhi bhI nahIM hogii| AtmA ko kSaNika mAnane para 'kRtapraNAza' evaM 'akRta' karmabhoga nAmaka doSa lagatA hai| aisA syAdvAdamaMjarI meM batAyA gayA hai| 3. aSTasahasrI meM batAyA hai ki kSaNika AtmavAda meM hiMsya, hiMsaka aura hiMsA kA phala nahIM banegA tathA jisane bandha kiyA vaha mukta nahIM hogA arthAt bandhegA koI aura chuTegA dUsarA - AtmA ko kSaNika mAnane para mokSa tathA punarjanma nahIM ho skegaa| bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne bhI kahA hai ki AtmA ko kSaNika svIkAra karane para jJAna, vairAgya Adi pariNamanoM kA AdhArabhUta padArtha nahIM hone ke kAraNa mokSa nahIM ho skegaa| kSaNika AtmavAda ke anusAra puNya-pApa, zubhAzubha karma, bandha, mokSa Adi kucha bhI sambhava nahIM ho sktaa| phira kSaNika anitya AtmA meM bhAvanAoM kA cintana koI karegA aura mokSa kisI dUsare kA hogaa| punaH paraloka, punarjanma Adi kSaNikavAda ke anusAra asambhava haiN| kyoMki yadi koI nitya tattva hI nahIM hai -nyAyavinizcaya (1/15) / 265 tattvArthazlokavArtika 1/152 / 266 'arthakriyA sAmarthyalakSaNatvAdvastutaH' / 267 aSThasahasrI kArikA 8 / 268 (ka) syAdvAmaMjarI 18; (kha) SaDdarzanasamuccya kArikA / -zrAvakAcAra (amitagati 4/87) / Page #116 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza to punarjanma kisakA hogA? isa prakAra ekAnta apariNAmI yA kUTastha AtmavAda aura ekAnta kSaNika AtmavAda samucita nahIM haiM / ataH AtmA ko pariNAmI nitya mAnanA hI jainadarzana kI .266 dRSTi se samucita pratIta hotA hai / 1.5 bhagavatIsUtra ke anusAra AtmA ke ATha prakAra jainadarzana meM AtmA ke vibhinna bhedoM kI carcA mukhyatayA unake aindrika vikAsa ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai| isI AdhAra para SaDjIvanikAya aura caudaha jIva sthAnoM kI carcA huI hai / AdhyAtmika dRSTi se AtmA ke caudaha bhedoM kI carcA guNasthAna siddhAnta meM bhI milatI hai, kintu ise vidvAnoM ne paravartIkAlIna mAnA hai / prastuta zodha ke vivecya viSaya trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kA ullekha prAcIna stara ke arddhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM prAyaH anupalabdha hI hai / trividha AtmA kI sarvaprathama spaSTa carcA AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM meM hI upalabdha hotI hai | 270 yadyapi ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM yathA prasaMga jIvoM kI bahirmukhI pravRtti, saMyamI jIvana tathA arahantoM aura siddhoM ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM yatra-tatra prakIrNa sandarbha upalabdha ho jAte haiM; phira bhI AdhyAtmika kSamatA ke AdhAra para AtmA ke bhedoM kI koI spaSTa carcA upalabdha nahIM hotI / AgamoM meM vivekakSamatA ke AdhAra para AtmA ke samanaska aura amanaska aise do bheda avazya upalabdha hote hai / ina donoM bhedoM kA sambandha bhI vivekazIla mana kI upalabdhi aura anupalabdhi para AdhArita hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se isa avadhAraNA ko AdhAra rUpa mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki jainadarzana meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA AdhAra samanaska honA hI hai| jaba taka vivekazIla mana 270 - 266 'hinastyanabhisaMdhAtR na hinastyabhisaMdhimat / badhyate tadvayApetaM citaM baddhaM na mucyate / / 51 / / ' (ka) 'tipayAro so appA paramaMtara bAhiro hu dehINaM / tatthaparojhAijjai anto aMtovAeNa caivi bahirappA || (kha) aSTasahasrI pR. 167 / 71 - devAgamakArikA / -mokSapAhuDa 4 / Page #117 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kI prApti nahIM hotI; taba taka vyakti AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI yAtrA para apane kadama Age nahIM bar3hA sakatA hai| vivekazakti ke vikAsa ko hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA sahagAmI mAnA jA sakatA hai aura viveka sAmarthya dravyamana kI saMracanA para nirbhara hai / 72 jaina arddhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM bhagavatIsUtra meM aSTavidha AtmAoM kA eka viziSTa vargIkaraNa upalabdha hotA hai / yadyapi yaha vargIkaraNa AtmA ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI vividha sthitiyoM ko sUcita nahIM karatA; kintu isase isa bAta kA vicAra avazya kiyA jA sakatA hai ki AtmA kI vividha zaktiyA~ kyA haiM aura ve kisa-kisa rUpa meM abhivyakta hotI haiM? bhagavatIsUtra meM AtmA ke nimna ATha bhedoM kA ullekha milatA hai 271 _272 1. dravyaAtmA' AtmA ke tAttvika svarUpa ko athavA usakI sattA ko dravyAtmA ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai / Atmadravya ko hI dravyAtmA kahA gayA hai / dravyAtmA sajIva cetana sattA kI sUcaka hai| AtmA kI vividha zaktiyA~ jisameM sannihita haiM, vahI Atmadravya hai aura use hI yahA~ dravyAtmA ke rUpa meM sUcita kiyA gayA hai / 2. upayogAtmA AtmA kI zaktiyA~ do prakAra kI haiM jJAnAtmaka tathA anubhUtyAtmaka / ina donoM hI zaktiyoM kA samanvitarUpa upayoga AtmA hai| jainadArzanika granthoM meM AtmA kA lakSaNa upayoga mAnA hai / 'upayoga' jainadarzana kA eka pAribhASika zabda hai / yaha cetanA kA paryAyavAcI hai / upayoga yadyapi AtmA kA guNa hai kintu guNa aura guNI meM abheda mAnane ke kAraNa jaina dArzanikoM ne usakA tAdAtmya AtmA se mAnakara upayoga ko hI AtmA kA eka bheda mAnA hai / vastutaH upayoga aura AtmA eka dUsare se bhinna nahIM haiN| AtmA kA cetanAtmaka vyApAra hI upayoga hai| vastutaH upayoga AtmA kI paryAya dazA kA hI sUcaka hai| kintu dravya aura paryAya meM kathaMcit abheda hone ke kAraNa yahA~ upayogAtmA aisA eka bheda kiyA gayA hai| -- 271 bhagavatIsUtra 12/10/467 / 272 'aTThavihA AyApannatA, taMjahA aviyAyA kasAyAyA / jogAyA uvayogAyA NANAyA daMsaNAyA carittAyA vIriyAyA / / 10 / / -bhagavatIsUtra 12 / Page #118 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 73 3. jJAnAtmA - upayoga AtmA kA sAmAnya lakSaNa hai| jainadArzanikoM ne upayogAtmA ke do bheda kiye haiM - jJAnAtmA tathA drshnaatmaa| cetanA kA viveka aura vizleSaNa kI zakti jJAna kahI jAtI hai| siddhAntataH to AtmA upayoga rUpa hai yA upayoga AtmA kI hI eka paryAya hai| kintu paryAya bhI bhinna-bhinna hote haiN| ataH jJAnarUpa paryAyoM kI abhivyakti kI apekSA se hI AtmA kA eka bheda jJAnAtmA mAnA gayA hai| 4. darzanAtmA - cetanA yA upayoga kA anubhUtyAtmaka pakSa darzana kahalAtA hai| siddhAntataH to jJAna aura darzana - donoM hI upayoga ke hI bheda haiN| sAmAnya anubhUtirUpa upayoga (cetanA) darzana hai aura viziSTa anubhUtirUpa upayoga jJAna hai| jJAna ke samAna darzana bhI AtmA kI paryAya yA avasthA vizeSa hai| AtmA kI anubhUtyAtmaka paryAyadazA ko hI darzanAtmA kahA gayA 5. cAritrAtmA - AtmA kI saMkalpAtmaka zakti ko hI cAritra kahA gayA hai| saMkalpazakti ko zaktirUpa meM AtmA kA lakSaNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| kintu saMkalpa kI abhivyakti saMsAra dazA meM hI hotI hai| kyoMki muktAtmA to nirvikalpa hotI hai| lekina yaha bhI satya hai ki AtmA kI sattA ko svIkAra kiye binA saMkalpa sambhava nahIM hai| saMkalpa bhI AtmA kI paryAya avasthA kA hI sUcaka hai; cAhe usakI abhivyakti sAMsArika avasthA meM hotI ho| isI apekSA se AtmA kA eka bheda cAritrAtmA kahA gayA hai| cAritra zabda kA eka artha saMyama bhI hai| ataH saMyama kI zakti ko cAritrAtmA kahA jA sakatA hai| AtmA meM saMyama kI zakti hai aura jaba vaha saMsAra dazA meM bhogoM se virakta rahakara saMyama kI sAdhanA karatI hai, to usa avasthA meM use cAritrAtmA kahA jA sakatA hai| 6. vIryAtmA - cetanA kI kriyAtmaka zakti ko hI vIrya kahA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi muktAtmA kisI prakAra kA puruSArtha nahIM karatI; phira bhI usameM svabhAvataH zakti to nihita rahatI hI hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne AtmA ke svAbhAvika guNoM ko ananta-catuSTaya ke nAma se abhivyakta kiyA hai| isa ananta-catuSTaya kA eka bheda anantavIrya hai| sAMsArika aura saMyama jIvana ke samasta puruSArtha AtmA kI isa vIrya zakti se Page #119 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 74 7. 273 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA hI ghaTita hote haiM / isI apekSA se AtmA kA eka bheda vIryAtmA bhI kahA gayA hai / 273 274 275 yogAtmA jainadarzana meM sazarIrI jIva kI mana, vacana aura kAyA kI caMcala pravRttiyoM ko yoga kahA hai / umAsvAti ke anusAra jinake kAraNa karmAsrava hotA hai ve yoga haiN| yaha yoga kA vyutpattimUlaka artha hai| pUjyapAda ne mana, vacana aura kAyA ke kAraNa honevAle AtmapradezoM ke spandana ko yoga kahA hai 1 umAsvAti ne karmAsrava meM mana, vacana aura kAyA kI apekSA se yoga ke tIna prakAra batAye haiN| AcArya nemicandra ne jIvakANDa meM yoga ke pandraha bheda kiye haiM / yoga-vyApAra se yukta AtmA yogAtmA hai / yoga jaba kaSAyoM se anuraMjita hotA hai taba vaha bandhana kA kAraNa banatA hai / kintu kaSAyoM ke abhAva meM jo yoga pravRtti hai, use bandhana kA kAraNa nahIM mAnA gayA hai / trividha AtmA kI apekSA se bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura arahanta paramAtmA tInoM hI yoga se yukta haiM; kintu bahirAtmA kI yoga pravRtti tIvratama kaSAyoM se anuraMjita hotI hai / antarAtmA kaSAyoM se anuraMjita yoga pravRtti para saMyama yA niyaMtraNa karatI hai| arhanta paramAtmA kI yoga pravRtti rAga-dveSa aura kaSAyoM se rahita hotI hai| isa prakAra antarAtmA, bahirAtmA aura paramAtmA tInoM yogAtmA haiN| ayogIkevalI aura siddhAvasthA meM yoga kA abhAva hotA hai / ataH unakI AtmA yogAtmA nahIM hai / 8. kaSAyAtmA kaSAyAtmA hai|276 bhagavatIsUtra meM AtmA ke ATha bhedoM meM eka bheda kaS+Aya+AtmA = kaSAyAtmA / krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi kaSAyoM se yukta jIva kI avasthA vizeSa ko hI kaSAyAtmA kahA jA sakatA hai / AcArAMgasUtra kI vRtti meM zIlAMkAcArya ne 'kaSAya' zabda kA artha isa prakAra kiyA hai : kaSU arthAt saMsAra, Aya arthAt lAbha saMsAra kA lAbha - (ka) 'kAya vAG manaH karma yogaH' / (kha) gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) yogamArgaNA 4 gAthA 216 / 274 'yoga vAGmanasakAyavargaNAnimitta AtmapradezaparispandaH 275 gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) yogamArgaNA 4 gAthA 218-21 / bhagavatIsUtra 12/10/467 / 276 - -tattvArthasUtra 6/1 / - sarvArthasaddhi 2/26, pR. 183 / Page #120 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 277 277 278 276 karAnevAlI cittavRtti kaSAya hai / jinabhadragaNikSamA zramaNa ke anusAra jisase duHkhoM kI prApti hotI hai use kaSAya kahate haiM aura kaSAya se yukta AtmA ko kaSAyAtmA kahA jAtA hai / AcArya nemicandra ne kaSAya zabda kI vyutpatti hiMsArthaka 'kaS' dhAtu se batAI hai| hiMsArthaka kaS dhAtu kI apekSA se jo AtmA ke svabhAva yA zuddha svarUpa kA hanana kare vaha kaSAya hai| rAjavArtikakAra ne bhI isI bAta kA samarthana kiyA hai ki jo Atma-svabhAva kA hanana kare yA use kugati meM le jAe vaha kaSAya hai / kaSAya AtmA kI vaibhAvika avasthA hai aura kaSAya ke kAraNa vibhAvadazA meM rahI huI AtmA kaSAyAtmA hai / sAmAnyataH saMsArI AtmA kaSAyasahita hotI hai / eka samaya meM eka kaSAya mukhya rahatI hai| anya tIna kaSAyeM usa samaya gauNa rUpa meM rahatI haiN| kyoMki ve anyonyAzrita haiM / pratyeka kaSAya adhika se adhika antarmuhUrta kAla taka udaya meM raha sakatI hai| vega kI tIvratA yA mandatA ke AdhAra para pratyeka kaSAya ke cAra bheda kie gae haiM : anantAnubaMdhI, apratyAkhyAnI, pratyAkhyAnI aura saMjvalana / inameMH (1) anantAnubandhI kI caukar3I yathArtha dRSTikoNa kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka hotI hai; 280 281 (2) apratyAkhyAnI caukar3I Atma-niyaMtraNa kI zakti ke prakaTana meM bAdhaka hotI hai; (3) pratyAkhyAnI kI caukar3I zramaNa jIvana kI sAdhanA meM ghAtaka hotI hai; aura (ka) je kohadaMsI se mANadaMsI, .. AyANaM nisiddhA sagaDabbhi / - AcArAMgasUtra 1/3/4 sU. 130 / (kha) 'jaina bauddha aura gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 1 pR. 230-31 / - DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / 75 (ga) 'appege paliyaMtesi bAlA kasAyavayaNehiM / ' -sUtrakRtAMga a. 3/3/1 gA. 15 / vizeSAvazyakabhASya bhAga 2 gAthA 1228 - 26 / ****** 278 276 gommaTasAra - jIvakANDa 6/82-83 / 280 tattvArthavArtika 2 / 6 | 281 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 1 pR. 501 / - DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / Page #121 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 76 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA (4) saMjvalana caukar3I vItarAga avasthA kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka hai| prazamaratigrantha meM rAga evaM dveSa ko hI kaSAya mAnA gayA hai| rAga-dveSa ke AdhAra para hI kaSAyoM kA janma hotA hai| jo AtmA rAga-dveSa kI pravRttiyoM se yukta hotI hai vaha kaSAyAtmA hai| prazamarati meM Age umAsvAti likhate haiM ki krodha kaSAya se prIti kA nAza hotA hai; mAna se vinaya kI hAni hotI hai| mAyA se vizvAsa ko Thesa pahu~catI hai aura lobha se sabhI guNoM kA nAza ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra kaSAya ko Atma-guNoM kA vighAtaka mAnA gayA hai| jaba taka AtmA meM kaSAya kI sattA banI rahatI hai; taba taka usake zuddha svarUpa kA prakaTana sambhava nahIM hotA hai| kaSAya se AvRtta AtmAe~ kaSAyAtmAe~ haiN| jaba taka jIva vItarAgadazA ko prApta nahIM kara letA hai, taba taka kaSAyoM kI sattA banI rahatI hai| jaba taka jIva ina kaSAyoM se yukta rahatA hai vaha kaSAyAtmA kahalAtA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra meM krodha kaSAya kA svarUpa varNita kiyA hai| krodha zarIra aura mana ko santApa detA hai| ve likhate haiM ki krodha-vaira kA kAraNa hai, krodha durgati kI pagaDaMDI hai, krodha mokSa sukha meM argalA ke samAna hai|283 krodha-kaSAyarUpI agni svayaM AtmA ko to jalAtI hI hai sAtha hI dUsaroM ko bhI jalAtI hai| krodhI vyakti kA vivekarUpI dIpaka bhI bujha jAtA hai| vastutaH kaSAyAtmA bahirAtmA kI vAcaka hai| 1.6 AtmA (jIvoM) ke prakAra jainadarzana meM navatattva kI vyavasthA adhyAtmaparaka hai, jo AtmA (jIva) ke bandhana aura mukti kI kahAnI kahatI hai| ina navatattvoM meM jIva aura ajIva sattA rUpa haiM, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye tIna AdhyAtmika vikAsa arthAt svarUpopalabdhi ke sAdhaka tattva haiM tathA Anava, puNya, pApa aura bandha ye cAra tattva svarUpopalabdhi meM bAdhaka haiN| bahirAtmA se antarAtmA aura antarAtmA se paramAtmapada kI - 282 prazamaratiprakaraNa 32 / 283 'tatropatApakaH krodhaH, krodho vairasya kAraNam / durgatervartanI krodhaH, krodhaH zama sukhArgalA / / 6 / / ' -yogazAstra 4 / Page #122 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 33 prApti ke lie cAroM bAdhaka tattvoM se mukta hokara sAdhaka mokSa-tattva kI prApti karatA hai| mokSa kI sAdhanA karane vAlA sAdhaka puNya, pApa, bandha aura Asrava ina cAroM se bacakara saMvara aura nirjarA kI sAdhanA se mokSa tattva taka pahu~catA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM navatattvoM kA vivaraNa nimna prakAra se upalabdha hai - "jIvajIvA ya bandho ya, puNNaM pAvAsavo th| saMvaro nijjarA mokkho, saMtee tahiyA nv||"284 arthAt jIva, ajIva, bandha, puNya, pApa, Asava, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa - ye navatattva haiN| digambara granthoM meM sAta tattva milate haiN| karmAsava285 meM bhI sAta tattva svIkAra kiye gae haiN| usameM puNya aura pApa kA Asrava meM samAveza kiyA gayA hai| ina navatattvoM meM jIva aura ajIva mukhya tattva haiN| inakA varNana utarAdhyayanasUtra286 ke 36veM evaM sthAnAMgasUtra287 ke dvitIya adhyAya meM hai| ina dono meM bhI jIva hI mukhya hai, ajIva to jIva ke bandhana kA nimitta hai| isa prakAra ina navatattvoM ke vivecana meM jIvatattva arthAt AtmA kA prathama sthAna hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM jIva kA lakSaNa batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki : "jIvo uvaogalakkhaNaM" arthAt upayoga (cetanA) jIva kA lakSaNa hai|88 pravacanasAra meM jIva ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki indriya, bala, Ayu aura zvAsocchavAsa - ina cAra prANoM ke dvArA jo jIyA thA, jo jItA hai aura jo jIyegA vahI jIva hai|286 pravacanasAra kI jIva kI yaha vyAkhyA saMsArIjIvoM para hI ghaTita hotI hai; kyoMki mukta jIva to ina cAra prANoM se yukta nahIM haiN| bRhadravyasaMgraha kI dUsarI gAthA meM jIva ke nimna lakSaNa batAye gaye haiM - 284 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 28/14 / 285 tattvArthasUtra 1/4 / 286 uttarAdhyayanasUtra adhyAya 36/1-248 / 287 sthAnAMgasUtra 2/1 / uttarAdhyayanasUtra 28/14 / 286 'pANehiM caduhiM jIvadi jIvissadi jo hi jIvido puvvaM / so jIvo pANA puNa poggaladabvehiM NivattA / / 147 / / ' -pravacanasAra jJeyatattvaprajJApana / Page #123 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 260 "jIvo uvaogamao, amutti kattA sadeharimANo / bhottA saMsArattho siddho, so vissaso 'gaI / / " arthAt jIva upayogayukta, amUrtika, karttA, bhoktA, svadeha pariNAmavAlA aura svabhAvataH UrdhvagAmI hai / usake saMsArI aura siddha aise do bheda haiM I 78 jainadarzana meM jIva ko jJAnamaya evaM caitanya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / inhIM viziSTa lakSaNoM ke kAraNa jIva jar3a padArtho se bhinna mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra evaM karmAsrava 22 meM jIva ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM : "saMsAriNo muktAzca" 261 arthAt 1. siddha aura 2. saMsArI / siddhajIva jo jIvAtmAe~ ATha karmoM se mukta hokara samyaktvAdi guNoM se yukta hokara loka ke agrabhAga meM sthita ho jAtI haiM jinakA punaH saMsAra meM Agamana nahIM hai, ve siddhAtmAe~ haiM / ve siddha paramAtmA akSaya, avyAbAdha, sukhAnubhUti meM lIna rahate haiM } saMsArIjIva jo jIvAtmAe~ apane kRta karmAnusAra saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatI huI karmoM kA phala bhogane ke lie vibhinna yoniyoM meM janma-maraNa karatI haiM arthAt 4 gati evaM 24 daNDaka aura 84 lAkha yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karatI haiM ve saMsArI haiM / ye saMsArIjIva 6 prakAra ke haiM / jainadarzana meM SaTjIvanikAya kA viziSTa sthAna rahA hai / isakI carcA hameM prAcInatama jaina Agamika granthoM meM upalabdha hotI hai / prAcIna Agamika paramparA meM jaise AcArAMgasUtra 293 , 260 bRhadravyasaMgraha 2 | 261 262 ' saMsAriNo muktAzca' | 263 - 'saMsAratthAya siddhAya, duvihA jIvA viyAhiyA' / (ka) AcArAMgasUtra prathama adhyayana; ( kha ) RSibhASita 25 / 2 / - uttarAdhyayanasUtra a. 36/48 / -tattvArthasUtra 2/10 / Page #124 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza .264 , uttarAdhyayanasUtra , dazavaikAlikasUtra jIvAbhigama 266, karmAsrava 267 (bhASyamAnya pATha), paMcAstikAya Adi meM SaDjIvanikAya ko trasa aura sthAvara aise do vargoM meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai / prAcIna granthoM meM sthAvara ke antargata pRthvI, ap aura vanaspati tathA trasa ke antargata agni, vAyu aura trasa nikAya ke jIvoM ko mAnA gayA hai / kintu paravartI AcAryoM ne sthAvara ke nimna pA~ca bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai : 1. pRthvI; 2. ap; 3. tejas 4. vAyu; aura 5. vanaspati / isI krama meM trasa ke nimna cAra bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai 1. dvIndriya; 2. trIndriya; 3. caturindriya aura 4. paMcendriya / DaoN. sAgaramala jaina kI mAnyatA hai ki SaDjIvanikAya kA yaha paravartI vargIkaraNa sthAvara evaM trasajIvoM kI apekSA se na hokara ekendriya Adi ke vargIkaraNa ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| isameM sabhI ekendriya jIvoM ko sthAvara mAna liyA gayA hai / yahA~ hama isa vivAda meM nahIM ulajhanA caaheNge| jo vidvajjana isa viSaya kI adhika gaharAI meM praveza karanA cAhate haiM, unheM DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke lekha 'SaDjIvanikAya' meM trasa evaM sthAvara kA vargIkaraNa dekhanA cAhie / .266 267 265 1. saMsArIjIva ke bheda : uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke 36veM adhyAya meM saMsArIjIva ke sarvaprathama nimna do bheda upalabdha hote haiM : (1) trasa aura (2) sthAvara / 200 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 36 / 30-31 / 264 265 dazavaikAlikasUtra 4/31 / 296 'gatitraseSvantarbhAva vivakSaNAta, tejovAyunAM labdhyA sIvarANAmapi satAM / ' - jIvAbhigama TIkA 1/12 evaM 75 ( uddhRt - DaoN.sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha pR. 130 ) (ka) tattvArthasUtra (sarvArthasiddhi TIkA) 2/12; (kha) vahI (rAjavArtika TIkA ) 2 / 12 / 268 paMcAstikAya 110-111 / 76 REE 'DaoN. sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha' pR. 126-128 / 300 uttarAdhyayana sUtra 36 / 68 evaM 107 | - Page #125 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA trasajIva : AcArya pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM batAyA hai ki jina jIvoM meM trasa nAmakarma ke udaya se svayaM ke halana calana kI sAmarthya dekhI jAtI hai; ve sajIva kahalAte haiM / 301 jIvavicAra meM batAyA hai ki jo svecchA se gamana karate haiM arthAt jo dhUpa se chAyA meM aura chAyA se dhUpa meM Ate-jAte haiM athavA sukha-duHkha ke anukUla aura pratikUla saMyogoM meM jo jIva svayaM kI icchAnusAra gati kara sakate haiM ve sajIva haiM / sthAvara ke bheda : _ 302 _ 303 sthAna para sthira rahate haiM; ve uttarAdhyayanasUtra tathA karmAnava 3 ke nimna tIna bheda kiye haiM : to (1) pRthvIkAya; (2) apkAya aura (3) vanaspatikAya / kintu paravartI granthoM meM tejaskAya evaM vAyukAya ko milAkara pA~ca bheda kiye gaye haiM / zAntisUriracita jIvavicAra meM inake pA~ca bheda hI kiye gaye haiM / 304 sthAvara nAmakarma ke udaya se jo jIva eka sthAvara jIva kahalAte haiN| meM umAsvAti ne sthAvara jIva 2. indriyoM kI apekSA se saMsArIjIva ke bheda indriyoM kI apekSA se saMsArIjIvoM ke nimna pA~ca bheda kiye gaye haiM : (1) ekendriyaH (3) trIndriya; (4) caturindriya; aura 301 'trasanAmakarmodayavazIkRtAstrasA' 302 ekendriya jIva inameM punaH ekendriya jIvoM ke nimna pA~ca bheda haiM : (1) pRthvIkAya jo jIva pRthvIkAya sthAvara nAmakarma ke udaya se pRthvIkAya meM utpanna hote haiM, ve pRthvIkAyika sthAvara ekendriya uttarAdhyayanasUtra 36/68 / 303 'pRthivya'mbuvanaspatayaH sthAvarAH ' 304 (2) dvIndriya; (5) paMcendriya | jIvavicAra (yazovijayajI jaina pAThazAlA) pR. 5 / - sarvArthasiddhi 2 / 12 / - tattvArthasUtra 2/13 / Page #126 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza jIva kahalAte haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra 305 meM pRthvIkAya ke mukhya do bheda upalabdha hote haiM: (1) sUkSma aura (2) baadr| inameM pratyeka ke do-do bheda haiM - sUkSma paryAptaka aura sUkSma aparyAptaka; bAdara paryAptaka aura bAdara aparyAptaka - aise kula cAra bheda hote haiN| inameM sUkSma pRthvIkAya ke jIva sampUrNa loka meM vyApta hai| bAdara pRthvIkAya ke jIva loka ke eka bhAga meM vyApta hokara rahe hue haiN|05 apkAyika - jo jIva apakAyika sthAvara nAmakarma ke udaya se utpanna hote haiM, unakA zarIra jalarUpa hotA haiN| sa~I kI noka kI taraha inakA zarIra hotA hai| inake bhI cAra bheda nimna haiM - sUkSma paryAptaka, sUkSma aparyAptaka, bAdara paryAptaka aura bAdara apryaaptk| (3) vanaspatikAyaH- jo jIva vanaspati sthAvara nAmakarma ke udaya se vanaspatikAya meM janma lete haiM ve vanaspatikAyika sthAvara ekendriya jIva kahalAte haiN| vanaspatikAyika ke sUkSma paryAptaka, sUkSma aparyAptaka, bAdara paryAptaka aura bAdara aparyAptaka - aise cAra bheda hote haiN| bAdara vanaspatikAya ke jIva mukhyatayA do prakAra ke hote haiM - pratyeka vanaspatikAya aura sAdhAraNa vnsptikaay|200 uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke TIkAkAra bhAvavijayajI ke anusAra eka zarIra meM eka hI jIva ho, vaha pratyeka vanaspatikAya kahalAtA hai| eka zarIra meM aneka jIva samAna rUpa se rahe hue hoM, ve sAdhAraNa vanaspatikAya kahalAte haiN|208 (4) agnikAyikajIvaH- agnikAyika jIvoM ke zarIra tejas (agni) se yukta hote haiN| inake cAra bheda haiM - 1. sUkSma paryAptaka 2. sUkSma aparyAptaka 3. bAdara paryAptaka; aura 4. bAdara apryaaptk| bAdara jIva aneka prakAra ke hote haiN| jIvavicAra meM bhI agnikAyika jIvoM ko sthAvara svIkAra kiyA hai| inake nimna 205 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 36/70 / 306 vahI 36/71-77 / 200 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 36/62-63 / 308 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, gaNivarya zrI bhAvavijaya jI kI TIkA, patra 3386 / Page #127 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 82 bheda haiM306 : (5) vAyukAyikajIva vAyukAya yukta ho; ve rUpa se cAra bheda haiM 1. aMgAra kI agni; 2. murmura; 3. jvAlA; 4. ulkApAta kI agni aura 5. cingArI, vidyuta Adi / jinakA zarIra vAyu nAmakarma ke udaya se vAyukAyikajIva kahalAte haiM / inake mukhya sUkSma paryAptaka, sUkSma aparyAptaka, bAdara paryAptaka aura bAdara aparyAptaka / bAdara paryAptaka vAyukAya ke jIva pA~ca prakAra ke haiM; jaise - jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA (1) utkalikavAyu; (3) ghanavAyu; (5) saMvartakavAyu / - uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza aura saMsthAna kI apekSA se ina saba ke aneka bheda batAye gaye haiM / - dvIndriyajIva : jina jIvoM ke sparzana aura rasana do indriyA~ hotI haiM; ve dvIndriya kahe jAte haiM / inake paryAptaka aura aparyAptaka aise do bheda hote haiM / ve jIva nimna haiM zaMkha, sIpa, kor3I, gaMDula, alasiyA, candaniyA Adi / 310 (2) maNDalikavAyu; (4) guMjavAyu; aura trIndriyajIva : jina jIvoM ke sparzendriya, rasanendriya evaM ghrANendriya ye tIna indriyA~ hotI haiM, ve trIndriyajIva kahalAte haiM / trIndriyajIvoM ke paryAptaka aura aparyAptaka aise do bheda hote haiM / ve nimna haiM cIMTI, khaTamala, makar3I, kAnakhajUrA, Adi / 3" .311 306 'iMgAla, jAla, mummura ukkAsaNi kaNaga vijjumAiA / agni jiyANa bheyA, nAyavvA uttarAdhyayanasUtra 36 / 127-30 / 311 vahI 36 / 136 evaM 137 - 136 / 310 niuNabuddhie / / 6 / / ' -jIvuvicAra gA. 6 / Page #128 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza caturindriya jIva : __ jo jIva sparzendriya, rasanendriya, ghrANendriya aura cakSu indriya aisI cAra indriyoM se sampanna hote haiM, ve caturindriya kahalAte haiN| inake do bheda haiM - bAdara paryAptaka aura bAdara apryaaptk| uttarAdhyayanasUtra evaM jIvavicAra meM266 caturindriya jIvoM ke nimna bheda milate haiM - bicchU, macchara, bhramara, pataMga, kITa, jhIMgura aadi|312 paMcendriya jIva : __ jo jIva sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrotra - ina pAMcoM indriyoM se yukta hote haiM, ve paMcendriya jIva kahalAte haiN| inake bhI paryAptaka aura aparyAptaka aise do bheda haiN| karmAnava meM mana kI apekSA se paMcendriya jIva ke nimna do bheda kiye gaye haiM - saMjJI aura asNjnyii| vaise saMjJI paMcendriya ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI jIva asaMjJI mAne jAte haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra 13 evaM prajJApanAsUtra3145 meM paMcendriya jIva ke 4 bheda prApta hote haiM : (1) nAraka; (2) tiryaMca; (3) manuSya; (4) dev|15 __saMjJIjIva : jina jIvoM ke mana hotA hai, ve saMjJI jIva hote haiN|316 saMjJI jIva zikSA, kriyA, upadeza Adi ko AtmasAt karate haiN| unameM karttavya-akartavya kA viveka hotA hai|317 nAraka aura devagati ke jIva saMjJI hote haiN| lekina paMcendriya tiryaMcoM aura manuSyoM meM saMjJI aura asaMjJI donoM prakAra ke jIva hote haiN|318 inameM jo garbhaja haiM, ve saMjJI haiN| ra uttarAdhyayanasUtra 36/145-48 / 313 vahI 36/155 318 prajJApanAsUtra 1/52 / -uvaMgasuttANi, lADanUM khaNDa 2 / 'paMcediyA ya cauhA, nAraya tiriyA maNussa devAya / neraiyA sattavihA, nAyavvA puDhavI bheeNaM / / 16 / / ' -jIvavicAra / 'samyak jAnAtIti saMjJaM manaH tadasyAtIti saMjJI / ' -dhavalA 1,1,1,35 / (ka) sarvArthasiddhi 2/24; (kha) zikSAkriyAkalApagrAhIsaMjJI / -tattvArthavArtika 6/7/11 / 318 dravyasaMgraha TIkA, gA. 12/30 / Page #129 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 84 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA asaMjJIjIva : jina jIvoM ke mana nahIM hotA hai, ve asaMjJI jIva hote haiN| asaMjJI jIva saMjJI jIvoM kI taraha vivekazakti se yukta nahIM hote haiN| unheM karttavya-akartavya kA viveka nahIM hotA hai| ekendriya se caturindriya paryanta tiryaMcagati vAle jIva asaMjJI hI hote haiN| paMcendriya tiryaMcoM evaM manuSyoM meM bhI kucha jIva asaMjJI bhI hote haiN| jaise- saMmUrchima mnussy| 3. bhavyAtmA kI apekSA se saMsArIjIvoM ke bheda bhavyAtmA jisa jIvAtmA meM mukta hone kI zakti nihita hai, use bhavyAtmA kahA hai| jaise anUkUla sAdhana milane para bhI kucha mUMga meM sIjhane kI yogyatA hotI hai aura kucha meM nahIM hotI hai; vaise hI kucha jIvAtmAoM meM samyagdarzanAdi nimitta milane para samasta karmoM ko kSaya karake zuddhAtmasvarUpa arthAt mukti ko prApta karane kI yogyatA hotI hai aura kucha meM nahIM hotii| jinameM mukti kI yogyatA hotI hai, unheM gommaTasAra16 evaM jJAnArNava320 Adi granthoM meM bhavyAtmA kahA gayA hai| abhavyAtmA abhavyAtmA meM mukta hone kI zakti nahIM hotI hai| jaise kucha mUMga meM anukUla sAdhana milane para bhI sIjhane kI zakti nahIM hotI hai; vaise hI abhavyAtmA meM mukti kI yogyatA nahIM hotI aura vaha saMsAra meM anantakAla taka paribhramaNa karatI rahatI hai|321 4. gati kI apekSA se saMsArIjIva ke bheda : gati - jisa karma ke udaya se jIva eka paryAya kA tyAga kara dUsare paryAya ko upalabdha karatA hai use gati kahate hai|322 gatiyoM 316 gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) gA. 556 / 320 jJAnArNava 6/20, 6/22 / 321 gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) gA. 556-557 / 322 gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) gA. 146 / Page #130 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza kI apekSA se saMsArI AtmA ke mukhyarUpa se cAra bheda hote haiM - (1) naraka; (2) tiryaMca; (3) manuSya; aura (4) dev| (1) narakagati : tattvArthabhASya meM paMDita sukhalAlajI323 likhate haiM ki nArakoM kA nivAsasthAna adholoka meM hai| unake nivAsasthAna ko narakabhUmi kahate haiN| nArakI ke jIva pApakarmoM ke kAraNa bhayaMkara duHkhoM ko sahana karate haiN| gati, jAti, zarIra aura aMgopAMga nAmakarma kI azubha dravya lezyAoM ke udaya se narakagati meM jIva jIvanaparyanta duHkhI rahatA hai| naraka meM kSetra svabhAva se sardI-garmI ke bhayaMkara duHkhoM ko sahanA par3atA hai| bhUkha-pyAsa kA duHkha to aura bhI bhayaMkara hotA hai| bhUkha itanI satAtI hai ki agni kI bhA~ti sarvabhakSaNa se bhI zAnta nahIM hotI aura adhika bar3ha jAtI hai| pyAsa bhI itanI lagatI hai ki jitanA jala piyA jAya utanA kama hotA hai| ve kabhI tRpta nahIM hote| nArakI ke jIva janmajAta eka dUsare ke zatru hote haiN| nArakI ke jIva karmavaza asahAya hokara sampUrNa jIvana tIvra vedanAoM ke anubhava meM hI bitAte haiN| vedanA kitanI hI adhika ho para nArakoM ke lie na to koI zaraNa hai aura anapavartanIya Ayu ke kAraNa jIvana bhI jaldI samApta nahIM hotaa| naraka ke jIva napuMsaka evaM upapAda janmayukta hote haiN| naraka kA varNana karate hue uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki adholoka meM nIce kramazaH sAta pRthviyA~ nimna haiM - (1) ratnaprabhA; (2) zarkarAprabhA; (3) bAlukAprabhA; (4) paMkaprabhA; (5) dhUmaprabhA; (6) tamaHprabhA; aura (7) tmHtmprbhaa| ina sAta naraka kSetroM meM utpanna hone se naraka jIva bhI sAta prakAra ke hote haiN| tiryaMca aura manuSya hI-narakagati meM utpanna hote haiN| deva sIdhe nArakI meM utpanna nahIM hote haiN| nAraka jIva bhI mRtyu ke pazcAt punaH naraka yA devagati meM paidA nahIM hote haiN| madhya meM tiryaMca yA manuSya kA bhava karate haiN| nAraka jIvoM kA vaikriya zarIra hotA hai|325 323 'na devAH aupapAtika caramadehottamapuruSA'saGkhyeyavarSAyuSo'napavAyuSaH / ' __-tattvArthasUtra bhASyamAnapATha a. 2/50-52 / 324 tattvArthasUtra 2/35 evaM 501 (paM. sukhalAlajI, tattvArthabhASya pR. 8.6 / 325 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 36/156-156 aura 166 / Page #131 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA (2) tiryaMcagati : uttarAdhyayanasUtra326 meM tiryaMca ke do bheda upalabdha haiM : (1) sammuchima tiryaMca; aura (2) garbhaja tiryNc| sammuchima tiryaMca - jo sammuchima jIva mAtA-pitA ke saMyoga ke binA caudaha azuci sthAnoM meM utpanna hote haiM; ve sammuchima tiryaMca jIva kahalAte haiN| sammacchima tiryaMca asaMjJI hote haiN| inake mana nahIM hotA hai| isa kAraNa ve napuMsaka hote haiN| garbhaja tiryaMca - jo jIva garbha se utpanna hote haiM; ve garbhaja kahalAte haiN| garbhaja-tiryaMca jala, thala evaM AkAza meM gati karanevAle hone se inake tIna bheda milate haiM - (1) jalacara; (2) thalacara; aura (2) thalacara; aura (3) khecara 327 jalacara : jo jIva jala meM gati karate haiM aura usI meM rahate haiM; ve jalacara tiryaMca jIva kahalAte haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI apekSA se ye jIva pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM : (1) matsya; (2) kacchapa; (3) grAha; (4) makara; aura (5) suNssumaar| thalacara : pRthvI para gati karanevAle jIva thalacara kahe jAte haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra326 meM inake mukhyataH do bheda batAye gaye haiM : (1) catuSpada; aura (2) prisrp| catuSpada thalacara ke bheda : (1) ekakhura azva; (2) dvikhura azva; (3) gaNDoda - hAthI; aura (4) sanakhapada - siNh| parisarpajIva ke bheda : (1) bhujaparisarpa jaise chipakalI, cUhA Adi; (2) uraparisarpa sA~pa aadi| khecara : uttarAdhyayanasUtra330 meM inake cAra bheda upalabdha hote haiM : 326 vahI 36/170 / 27 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 36/171 / 328 vahI 36/172 evaM 178 / 326 vahI 36/176-81 / Page #132 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza (1) carmapakSI; (3) samudgapakSI; aura samudgapakSI aura vitatapakSI manuSya hI hote haiM / manuSyagati : jo jIva manuSya yoni meM utpanna hote haiM ve manuSya kahalAte haiM / inake utpatti kI apekSA se do bheda prApta haiM : (1) sammucchima evaM ; (2) garbhaja / (2) romapakSI; (4) vitatapakSI / kSetra ke bAhara ke dvIpoM meM kSetra ke anusAra inake nimna tIna bheda haiM (1) 15 karmabhUmija; (2) 30 akarmabhUmija; evaM (3) 56 antardvIpaja / isa prakAra manuSyoM ke 101 bheda hote haiM / 87 I karmabhUmija isa kSetra meM manuSya svapuruSArtha ke AdhAra para jIvanayApana karate haiM / jahA~ asi, masi aura kRSirUpa vRtti hotI hai; jahA~ rAjya-vyavasthA, samAja-vyavasthA evaM dharma-vyavasthA hotI hai; vaha kSetra karmabhUmi kahA jAtA hai| isa kSetra meM utpanna honevAle manuSya karmabhUmija kahalAte haiM 1 330 vahI 36 / 165-67 / 331 jIvavicAra arthasahita pR. 67 / - akarmabhUmija jahA~ manuSya prakRti para AdhArita hotA hai, vaha akarmabhUmi kSetra kahA jAtA hai| isa kSetra meM samAja-vyavasthA, rAjya-vyavasthA, dharma - vyavasthA evaM asi, masi aura kRSi sambandhI vRttiyA~ nahIM hotI haiM / antadvapaja - himavanta aura zikharI parvata ke donoM tarapha do-do dAr3hAe~ lavaNa samudra meM gaI huI haiM / ina ATha dAr3hAoM ke Upara sAta-sAta kSetra rahe hue haiM / ve 56 antardIpa kahalAte haiM / samudra ke andara rahe hue dvIpoM meM rahane vAle manuSya antarkhIpaja kahalAte haiM | 331 1 devagati : devagati nAmakarma ke udaya se devagati meM utpanna honevAlI AtmA - zrI yazovijayajI jaina saMskRta pAThazAlA / Page #133 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 88 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA ko deva kahA jAtA hai| jIva azubha karmoM kA tyAga karake evaM zubhakarmoM ke AcaraNa se devagati ko upalabdha karatA hai| devatA upapAda janmavAle evaM vaikriya zarIrI hote haiN| uttarAdhyayanasatra332 aura karmAnava333 meM devatA ke cAra bheda milate haiM : (1) 10 bhavanapati; (2) 8 vyantara; (3) 5 jyotiSI; aura (4) 2 vaimaanik| ina cAra bhedoM ke avAntara bheda paccIsa hote haiN|334 1.7 AtmA ke paMcabhAva : AcArya umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra335 meM AtmA ke paMca-bhAvoM kA varNana kiyA hai; ve bhAva isa prakAra haiM : (1) aupazamika; (2) kSAyika; (3) kSAyopazamika; (4) audayika; aura (5) paarinnaamik| sarvArthasidvi meM AcArya pUjyapAda ke anusAra ye paMcabhAva AtmA ke svatattva kahalAte haiM;336 kyoMki ye paMcabhAva AtmA ke atirikta anya dravyoM meM nahIM hote haiN| karmAnava meM paNDita sukhalAlajI337 kahate haiM ki aupazamika Adi paMca-bhAva AtmA ke svabhAvarUpa haiN| kintu sAMkhya aura vedAnta darzana jo AtmA ko kUTastha-nitya mAnate haiM, ve AtmA meM pariNamana svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| ve jJAna, sukha-duHkhAdi pariNAmoM ko prakRti yA avidyA kA hI pariNAma mAnate haiN| vaizeSika aura naiyAyika jJAna Adi ko AtmA kA Agantuka guNa mAnate haiM; usakA svarUpa lakSaNa nahIM mAnate haiN| bauddhadarzana ne AtmA ko ekAnta kSaNika yA pariNAmI tathA pravAharUpa mAnA hai| jainadarzana kA kathana hai ki jaise prAkRtika jar3a-padArthoM meM na kUTastha-nityatA hai na ekAnta-kSaNikatA, kintu pariNAmI nityatA 332 "ciccA adhammaM dhammiThe, devesu ubvajjaI / ' -uttarAdhyayanasUtra 7/26 / 333 tattvArthasUtra 4/1 / 334 'dasahA u bhavaNavAsI, aTThahA vaNacAriNo / paMcavihA joisiyA, duvihA vemANiyA tahA / / 205 / / ' -uttarAdhyayanasUtra adhyayana 36 / 335 tattvArthasUtra 2/1 / 336 sarvArthasiddhi 2/1 / 230 tattvArthasUtra vivecana - paMDita sukhalAlajI bhASyamAnya pATha pR. 46-50 / Page #134 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza hai; vaise hI AtmA bhI pariNAmI - nitya hai / dezakAlAdi nimitta se tInoM kAloM meM mUla vastu ke kAyama rahane para bhI parivartana hotA rahatA hai; kyoMki AtmA pariNAmI - nitya hai / isI kAraNa sukha, duHkha Adi AtmA ke hI paryAya haiM / paryAya badalatI rahatI haiN| paryAyoM kI kAlakrama meM jo bhinna-bhinna avasthAe~ hotI haiM, vahI dravya kA pariNAmI pakSa hai / kucha paryAya eka avasthA meM to kucha kisI dUsarI avasthA meM hotI haiN| sabhI paryAya eka sAtha eka avasthA meM nahIM hote / AtmA kI paryAya adhika se adhika pA~ca bhAvoMvAlI ho sakatI hai| ve isa prakAra haiM : _ 338 338 336 340 (1) aupazamikabhAva : aupazamikabhAva upazama se utpanna hotA hai / upazama eka prakAra kI Atmavizuddhi hai / karmoM kA udaya kucha samaya taka roka denA yA unakA prabhAva zAnta ho jAnA upazama kahalAtA hai / AcArya pUjyapAda ise eka udAharaNa ke dvArA samajhAte haiM ki jaise malina pAnI meM kataka ko ghumAne se kucha samaya bAda kacarA nIce baiTha jAtA hai, lekina vaha pUrNataH naSTa nahIM hotA nIce dabA huA rahatA hai; usI prakAra karma ke udaya ko rokanevAle kAraNoM ke saMyoga se karmoM kA prabhAva kucha samaya taka ruka jAtA hai| vaha upazama kahalAtA hai / upazama se honevAlA bhAva aupazamika kahalAtA hai| jIva ke karmoM kA udaya jaba taka rukatA hai; taba taka yaha bhAva rahatA hai| isameM sthAyitva kA abhAva hotA hai / upazamita karma prakRtiyA~ kabhI bhI punaH jAgRta hokara udaya meM A sakatI haiN| yaha bhAva jIva ko usa samaya taka rahatA hai, jaba taka usake karmoM kA punaH udaya nahIM ho jAtA / umAsvAmI ke tattvArthasUtra meM aupazamika bhAva ke do bhedoM kA ullekha milatA hai : - ( 1 ) aupazamika samyaktva; aura (2) aupazamika cAritra / 341 kintu SaDkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM aupazamika bhAva ke 'pratipakSakarmaNAmudayAbhAva upazamaH, upazame bhava aupazamikaH / ' te 336 adhyAtmakamala mArtaNDa 3/8 / 340 savArthasiddhi 2/1 34) tattvArthasUtra 2 / 3 (vistRta vivecana ke lie draSTavya sarvArthasiddhi) / - gommaTasAra jI. gA. 8 jI. pra. TIkA / Page #135 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 60 aneka bhedoM kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai / 342 (2) kSAyikabhAva : kSAyikabhAva karmoM ke kSaya se utpanna hotA hai / yaha AtmA kI parama vizuddha avasthA hai| jJAnAvaraNAdi samasta karmoM kA sadA ke lie AtmA se alaga ho jAnA hI kSaya kahalAtA hai / 343 jaise phiTakarI ko pAnI meM ghumAne se kacarA upazAnta ho jAtA hai, kintu maila ke sarvathA nikala jAne para jala nitAnta svaccha ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra AtmA se ina aSTakarmoM kI sampUrNataH nivRtti ho jAnA yA karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya ho jAnA kSAyikabhAva kahalAtA hai / 344 karmAsrava meM kSAyika bhAva ke nau bheda milate haiM; ve isa prakAra haiM . jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA (1) kSAyikajJAna; (3) kSAyikadAna; (5) kSAyikabhoga; kSAyikavIrya; (E) kSAyikacAritra / ye kSAyikabhAva hI mokSa ke kAraNa haiM / ye sabhI bhAva arihantoM evaM siddhoM meM pAye jAte haiM / jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA nAza hone para kSAyikajJAna (kevalajJAna) utpanna hotA hai | 345 darzanAvaraNIyakarma ke kSINa hone para kSAyikadarzana (anantadarzana) udbhUta hotA hai / antarAyakarma ke pUrNataH naSTa hone para dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vIrya ye paMca kSAyikabhAva AvirbhUta hote haiM / isI taraha samyagdarzana kA ghAta karanevAlI sAtoM karma prakRtiyoM ke sarvathA kSaya hone para kSAyika samyaktva aura cAritramohanIya kA sarvathA kSaya hone para kSAyikacAritra prakaTa hotA hai| ye anantajJAnAdika nau bhAva terahaveM guNasthAna meM hI prakAzita huA karate haiM / 246 yaha yathArtha bodha sthAI hotA hai / zAstrIya bhASA meM sAdi evaM ananta hotA hai / 344 sarvArthasiddhi 2/1 / 345 tattvArthasUtra 10/4 | tattvArthasUtra 10 / 4 / 346 (2) kSAyikadarzana; (4) kSAyikalAbha; (6) kSAyikaupabhoga; kSAyikasamyaktva; aura 342 SaDkhaNDAgama (dhavalATIkA) 14/5/6/17 | 343 (ka) gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) pra. TIkA, gA. 8 pR. 26; (kha) dhavalA 1/1/1/27 / (ga) 'khINammi khayiyabhAvo du / ' - gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) gA. 814 / - vistRta varNana ke lie draSTavya sarvArthasiddhi Adi TikAe~ / - vistRta varNana ke lie dRSTavya sarvArthasiddhi Adi TikAe~ / Page #136 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 61 (3) kSAyopazamikabhAva : karmAnava vivecana meM paNDita sukhalAlajI kahate haiM ki matijJAnAvaraNa, zrutajJAnAvaraNa, avadhijJAnAvaraNa aura manaHparyavajJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se kramazaH mati, zruta, avadhi aura manaHparyAyajJAna kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| isI prakAra tInoM prakAra ke ajJAna arthAt mati ajJAnAvaraNa, zruta ajJAnAvaraNa aura vibhaMga ajJAnAvaraNa bhI jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se hote haiN| phalataH cakSudarzana, acakSudarzana aura avadhidarzana kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| ye ajJAna bhI mithyA-jJAnarUpa hone se jJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama ke kAraNa hI mAne gaye haiN| paMcavidha antarAya ke kSayopazama se dAna, lAbha Adi pA~ca labdhiyoM kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| anantAnubandhI catuSka tathA darzanAmohanIya ke kSayopazama se samyaktva kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| anantAnubandhI Adi bAraha prakAra ke kaSAyoM ke kSayopazama se cAritra (sarvavirati) kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| anantAnubandhI Adi aSTavidha kaSAya ke kSayopazama se saMyamAsaMyama (dezavirati) kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| isa prakAra matijJAna Adi aTThAraha paryAyeM kSAyopazamika haiN| ye kSAyopazamikabhAva aupazamika bhAvoM kI apekSAkRta adhika samaya taka avasthita raha sakate haiN|347 kSAyopazamika bhAva ko mizrabhAva bhI kahate haiN| yaha bhAva karmoM ke aMzarUpa kSaya aura aMzarUpa upazama se utpanna hotA hai| isameM sampUrNataH na to karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai aura na hI upazama hotA hai|348 tattvArthavArtika346 meM AcArya akalaMkadeva kSAyopazamika bhAva ko nimna udAharaNa se samajhAte haiM : jaise kodoM ko dhone se kodoM kI mAdakatA AMzika rUpa se naSTa ho jAtI hai aura AMzika rUpa se banI rahatI hai; ThIka vaise hI karmoM ke AMzika kSaya aura AMzika upazama se kSAyopazamika bhAva hotA hai| (4) audayikabhAva350 : AgamoM meM audayikabhAva ke ikkIsa bheda batAye gaye haiN| gati nAmakarma ke udaya kA phala naraka, tiryaMca, 347 vahI - bhASya mAnyapATha tattvArthAdhigamasUtram a. 2, sU. 4 / 348 'tatkSayAdupazamAccotpatro guNaH kSAyopazamikaH / / -dhavalA 1/1/1/8 / 346 'svasthiti kSayAvazAdudayaniSeke galatAM kArmaNaskandhAnAM phalAdAnapariNatirudayaH udaye bhavaH audayikaH / ' ___ -gommaTasAra jIva gA. 8 / 350 vahI / Page #137 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 62 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 1 manuSya aura deva ye cAra gatiyA~ haiM / kaSAyamohanIya ke udaya se krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye cAra kaSAya paidA hote haiN| vedamohanIya ke udaya se strI, puruSa aura napusaMkaveda arthAt tatsambandhI vAsanA kA udaya hotA hai / mithyAtvamohanIya ke udaya se mithyAdarzana kA udaya hotA hai / ajJAna jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke udaya kA phala hai / asaMyattva anantAnubandhI Adi bAraha prakAra ke cAritra mohanIya ke udaya kA pariNAma hai| asiddhatva, vedanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra Adi ke udaya kA pariNAma hai kRSNa, nIla, kApota, tejo, padma aura zukla ye chaH lezyAe~ kaSAya ke udaya athavA yogajanaka zarIra nAmakarma ke udaya kA pariNAma hai| isa taraha se gati Adi ikkIsa paryAya audAyika haiN| AtmapradezoM meM mana, vacana aura kAyA ke yoga se zubha-azubha karmoM kA saMcaya hotA rahatA hai / satvakarma arthAt sattA meM rahe hue saMcita karma vipAkodaya dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI apekSA se phala pradAna karate haiM / 251 jaba karmoM kA udaya hotA hai taba AtmA kI svAbhAvika zakti AvRtta hotI hai evaM usake pariNAma bhI karmaprakRti kI bhA~ti ho jAte haiM / karmoM ke udaya se hone vAlA AtmA kA bhAva audayika bhAva kahA jAtA hai 352 351 - (ka) sarvArthasiddhi 2/1; (kha) gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) jIvatva pradIpikA 8 / (ka) tattvArthavArtika 2/1/6; 352 (kha) 'karmaNAmudayAdutpanno guNaH audayikaH / ' _.353 (5) pAriNAmikabhAva 3 : jIvatva, bhavyatva aura abhavyatva ye tIna bhAva svAbhAvika haiM / ye AtmA ke asAdhAraNa pAriNAmika bhAva haiN| ye na to karmoM ke udaya se, na upazama se, na kSaya se aura na kSayopazama se utpanna hote haiM / ye jIva ke astitva se hI siddha haiM / ataH ye pAriNAmikabhAva haiM / ye pAriNAmika bhAva tIna hI nahIM apitu aneka prakAra ke haiM. astitva, ananyatva, kartRtva, bhoktRtva, guNatvaM, pradezatva, asarvagatva, asaMkhyAta, pradezatva, arUpatva Adi / 354 inameM kartRtva- bhoktRtva bhAva azuddha pAriNAmika bhAva haiM, kyoMki ye saMsAra dazA meM haiM / 353 'udayAdinirapekSaH pariNAmaH tasmin bhavaH pAriNAmikaH / ' tattvArthasUtra (paM. sukhalAlajI vivecana ) 2 / 7 pR. 46 / 354 - - -dhavalA 1/1/1/8 - gommaTasAra jIvaprakaraNa gA. 8 / Page #138 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza jJAtA-draSTApana zuddha pAriNAmika bhAva hai, kyoMki ye siddhoM meM bhI hote haiM! AtmA kA pAriNAmika bhAva hI AtmA ko jar3a-dravyoM se alaga karatA hai| yaha pAriNAmika bhAva karmajanya nahIM hai|55 paMcAdhyAyI meM karmoM ke udaya, upazamAdi ina cAroM hI apekSAoM se rahita mAtra dravya svarUpavAle pAriNAmika bhAva kA ullekha milatA hai|56 pUjyapAda257 aura akalaMkadeva58 ne bhI pAriNAmika bhAvoM kI samIkSA kI hai| unake anusAra ye pAriNAmika bhAva anAdi, ananta nirupAdhika aura svAbhAvika hote haiN|256 jIva ke jJAna-darzana guNa pAriNAmika bhAva haiN| jIvatva, bhavyatva aura abhavyatva - ina tInoM bhAvoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai - (ka) zuddha pAriNAmika bhAva; aura (kha) azuddha pAriNAmika bhAva / (1) zuddha pAriNAmika bhAva : zuddha dravyArthika naya kI apekSA se AtmA kA zuddha pAriNAmika bhAva eka jIvatva hI hai, kyoMki yaha Atmadravya kA caitanya rUpa pariNamana hai|360 pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM jIvatva kA artha caitanya batAyA hai ki yaha jIvatva bhAva zuddha AtmA kA pariNAma hai|361 (2) azuddha pAriNAmika bhAva : azuddha pAriNAmika bhAva paryAyAzrita hote haiM aura ye vinAzazIla bhI hote haiN| paryAyArthikanaya ke anusAra ye tIna prakAra ke haiM : (1) jIvatva; (2) bhavyatva; aura (3) abhvytv| karmajanita dasa prakAra kI prANa rUpa paryAya azuddha pAriNAmika bhAva hai| tInoM azuddha pAriNAmika bhAva vyavahAranaya kI apekSA se hote haiM, kintu zuddha nizcayanaya kI apekSA se nahIM hote| mukta jIvoM meM azuddha pAriNAmika bhAvoM kA abhAva hotA hai|362 355 tattvArthavArtika 2/1/6 / 356 paMcAdhyAyI 671 / 357 sarvArthasiddhi 2/7 / 358 tattvArthavArtika 2/7/6 / 356 paMcAstikAya tattvadIpikA 58 / 360 tattvArthavArtika 2/7/6 / 361 sarvArthasiddhi 2/7 / 362 dravyasaMgraha TIkA 13 / Page #139 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA vIrasena ne dhavalA meM kahA hai ki azuddha pAriNAmika bhAva prANoM ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa ayogI ke antima samaya se Age nahIM hote| siddhoM meM inakA abhAva hotA hai|363 uparyukta ina paMca bhAvoM meM se audayika bhAva AtmA ke bandhana kA kAraNa hai| aupazamika, kSAyika aura kSAyopazamika bhAva AtmA ke mokSa ke hetu haiM, kintu pAriNAmika bhAva364 bandha aura mukti donoM kA hetu nahIM hai| 1.8 bandhana aura usake kAraNa jainadarzana meM navatattvoM meM bandha aura mokSa ko bhI tattva rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| saMsAra meM karmabandha kI yaha prakriyA nirantara cala rahI hai| pUrva-karma saMskAra samaya-samaya para udita hokara hamArI cetanA ko vikArI banAte haiN| usake pariNAmasvarUpa mana, vacana aura zarIra - ina tInoM kA kriyArUpa vyApAra hotA hai| phalataH navIna karmAnava hokara karmabandha hotA hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama adhyAya ke prathama uddezaka kI TIkA meM batAyA gayA hai : "badhyate paratantrI kriyate AtmA'neneti bandham / " jisake dvArA AtmA ko paratantra banA diyA jAtA hai; vaha bandhana hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama adhyayana kI prathama gAthA se lekara chaThI gAthA taka bandhana aura bandhana se mukti kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| prathama gAthA meM bandhana ko jAnakara use tor3ane kI bAta kahI gaI hai| dUsarI se cauthI gAthA taka bandhana ke kAraNoM kI carcA kI gaI hai tathA pA~cavI aura chaThI gAthA meM bandhana se chUTane ke upAya batAye gaye haiN| karma siddhAnta jainadarzana kA pAribhASika zabda hai| DaoN. lAlacaMda jaina "jainadarzana meM AtmavicAra" nAmaka grantha meM likhate haiM ki "saMsArI AtmA karmoM se jakar3I huI hone ke kAraNa paratantra hai| isI paratantratA kA nAma bandha hai|"365 bhAratIyadarzana kI prasiddha ukti hai 'karmaNA badhyate jantuH' arthAt prANI karma ke 363 dhavalA 14/5/6/16 / 364 vahI 7/2/1/7 / 365 'badhyate'nena bandhamAtraM vA bandhaH / ' -tattvArthavArtika 1/4/10 / Page #140 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 65 kAraNa bandhana ko prApta hote haiN| samasta bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne karmoM ke kAraNa saMsArI AtmA ke bandhana kI parikalpanA kI hai| do yA do se adhika padArthoM kA eka-dUsare se mila kara saMzliSTa avasthA ko prApta honA hI bandha kahalAtA hai| karmAsrava ke veM adhyAya meM AcArya umAsvAti ne bandha ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai: "kaSAyayukta jIva ke dvArA karma-pudgaloM kA jo grahaNa hotA hai vahI bandha hai|"366 bandha ke svarUpa ko paribhASita karate hue pUjyapAda devanandI kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra sone aura cA~dI ko eka sAtha pighalAne para una donoM ke pradeza milakara saMzliSTa ho jAte haiM; usI prakAra karmapradeza aura Atmapradeza kA paraspara kSIra aura nIra kI taraha mila jAnA bandha hai|367 jaba padagala dravya ke karmayogya paramANu AtmapradezoM ke sAtha mila jAte haiM to AtmA kA svarUpa vikRta ho jAtA hai| usakA zuddha svarUpa Avarita ho jAtA hai, yahI bandhana hai| 1. bandha ke prakAra - bandha ke mukhyatayA cAra prakAra haiM - (1) prakRti bandha; (2) sthitibandha; (3) anubhAgabandha; aura (4) pradezabandha / (1) prakRtibandha : AtmA se baddha honevAle karmoM meM kisa karma kA kyA svabhAva hai? vaha AtmA ke kisa guNa ko prabhAvita karegA? isa AdhAra para karmoM ke vargIkaraNa kA nAma hI prakRtibandha hai| sAmAnya rUpa se grahaNa kiye hue karmapudgaloM kA jo svabhAva hotA hai, use prakRti kahate haiM;368 jaise jJAna ko rokanA jJAnavaraNIya karma kA svabhAva hai aura darzana ko rokanA darzanAvaraNIya karma kA svabhAva hai| karmoM kI jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya, mohanIya, nAma, gotra, AyuSya evaM 366 'sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAna pudgalAnAdatte / sa bandhaH / ' -tattvArthasUtra 8/2 / 367 (ka) sarvArthasiddhi 1/4 pR. 14 / (kha) tattvArthavArtika 1/4/17 / 368 'prakRtiH svabhAvaH / ' -sarvArthasiddhi 8/3 pR. 378 / Page #141 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 66 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA antarAya ye ATha mUla prakRtiyA~ haiM / jaise koI laDDU bahuta prakAra ke dravyoM ke saMyoga se banatA hai una dravyoM ke kAraNa vaha vAta, pitta aura kapha ko dUra karatA hai; vaise hI AThoM karma pudgaloM kA jo svabhAva hotA hai, vaha prakRtibandha hai / 266 .370 (2) sthitibandha : kAlAvadhAraNA sthitiH" arthAt kaunasA karma kitane samaya taka AtmA se sambaddha rahegA? kisa avadhi taka vaha apanA phala detA rahegA? aisI avasthA kA nAma sthitibandha hai| zAstroM meM karma prakRtiyoM kI utkRSTa sthiti evaM jaghanya sthiti kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai / kaSAyapAhuDa meM bhI kahA gayA hai- "jitane samaya taka karmarUpa pudgala - paramANu AtmA ke pradezoM meM sthita rahate haiM usa kAla kI maryAdA ko sthitibandha kahate haiM / " AcArya pUjyapAda ne kahA hai ki kAla vizeSa taka apane svabhAva se cyuta na honA hI sthiti hai / jisa prakAra gAya, bhaiMsa Adi kA dUdha kAla vizeSa taka hI mAdhurya svabhAva se cyuta nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNa Adi karmoM ke kAraNa vastu tattva kA jJAna jaba taka nahIM hotA hai; usa kAla maryAdA ko sthitibandha kahA jAtA hai / 372 vIrasena ne bhI kahA hai ki yoga ke kAraNa karmarUpa se parivartita pudgala-skandhoM kA kaSAya ke kAraNa jIva meM eka rUpa hokara rahane kA kAraNa sthitibandha hai / 371 (3) anubhAgabandhaH- " vipAko 'nubhAgaH" arthAt karmoM ke vipAka (phala) ko anubhAga kahate haiM / anubhAga, anubhAva aura phala ye saba paryAyArthI zabda haiN| vipAka do prakAra kA hotA hai : (ka) kaSAya ke tIvra pariNAmoM se karmabandha hogA to usakA vipAka bhI tIvra hogA; aura (kha) manda pariNAmoM se karmabandha hogA to usakA vipAka manda hogA / - yathArtha meM karma jar3a hai to bhI pathya evaM apathya AhAra kI taraha unase jIva ko kriyAoM ke anusAra phala kI prApti ho jAtI 366 jJAnAvaraNAdhASTavidhakarmaNAM tattadyogyapudgaladravyasvIkAraH prakRtibandhaH / - niyamasAra tAtparyavRtti 40 / 370 kaSAyapAhuDa 3/358 / 371 sarvArthasiddhi 8/3 | 372 dhavalA pu. 6, saM. 1 bhAga 6 / 6, sUtra 2 / Page #142 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza hai I karmaphala ke lie kisI Izvara Adi kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai | 373 (4) pradezabandhaH- " dalasaMcayaH pradezaH" arthAt karmoM ke dala saMcaya ko pradezabandha kahate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM yoga ke nimitta se karmavargaNAoM kA Atma-pradezoM ke sAtha sambandha honA hI pradezabandha hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA gayA hai ki karma pudgaloM kI saMkhyA kA nirdhAraNa pradezabandha hai arthAt karma rUpa meM pariNata pudgala skandhoM ke paramANuoM kI saMkhyA kA nizcaya honA pradezabandha kahalAtA hai / 374 2. bandha ke bheda tattvArthavArtika meM AcArya akalaMka ne bandha kA vargIkaraNa aneka prakAra se kiyA hai / 375 sAmAnya kI apekSA se bandha eka hI prakAra kA hai / kintu vizeSa kI apekSA se bandha ke do bheda hote haiM : (1) dravyabandha; aura (2) bhAvabandha ,376 376 (1) dravyabandha jJAnAvaraNAdi karmapudgaloM kA Atma pradezoM se nIra-kSIravat mila jAnA dravyabandha kahalAtA hai / 377 (2) bhAvabandha AtmA ke jo azuddha cetana pariNAma rAga-dveSa moha aura krodhAdi kaSAyarUpa haiM aura jinase jJAnAvaraNAdi karmapudgala Ate haiM; ve bhAvabandha haiM / 378 373 tattvArthasUtra 8/24 / 374 (ka) sarvArthasiddhi 8 / 13 pR. 376; (kha) tattvArthavArtika 8 /13/3 | 375 tattvArthavArtika 1/7/14; 8/4/15 - AcArya kundakunda ne pravacanasAra 76 meM kahA hai ki upayogasvarUpa jIva ke jo rAga-dveSa, moha Adi haiM, ve bandha ke bhAva 376 vahI 2/10/2 pR. 124 / 377 'AtmakarmaNoranyo'nyapradezAnupravezAtmako bandhaH / ' 378 (ka) 'krodhAdi pariNAmavazIkRto bhAvabandhaH / ' - 67 pravacanasAra 2/83 | (kha) 'bandhyate asvatantrIkriyante kArmaNadravyAyena pariNamena AtmanaH sa bandhaH / ' - bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA TIkA 38 / 134 / - sarvArthasiddhi 1/4 pR. 14 / - tattvArthavArtika 2/100 pR. 124 / Page #143 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 68 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kAraNa haiN| AcArya nemicandra dravyasaMgraha 80 meM kahate haiM ki cetana ke jina pariNAmoM se karmabandha hotA hai, ve hI bhAvabandha kahalAte haiN| dravyasaMgraha kI TIkA meM brahmadeva likhate haiM ki mithyAtvavAdi pariNAmoM ke kAraNa jo jJAnAvaraNAdi karma ba~dhate haiM; unheM hI bhAvabandha kahA gayA hai|381 karmAnava382 meM bandha ke yahI 4 bheda batalAe gaye haiN| 3. jainetara (anya) darzanoM meM bandha ke kAraNa ___AtmA karmoM se kyoM ba~dhatA hai? bandha ke kAraNa kyA haiM? ye prazna dArzanikakSetra meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa mAne jAte haiN| vaidika dArzanikoM ne ajJAna yA mithyAjJAna ko hI bandha kA kAraNa mAnA hai| nyAyasatra383 meM gautamaRSi ne mithyAjJAna ko samasta duHkhoM kA kAraNa mAnA hai| mithyAjJAna hI moha hai| zarIra, indriyA~, mana, vedanAdi ke anAtma hone para bhI unake prati inameM "maiM hI hU~" yA "ye mere haiM" - aisI buddhi rakhanA bhI mithyAjJAna yA moha hai| ye karmabandhana ke kAraNa haiN| nyAyavaizeSika:84 dArzanikoM kA bhI yahI mantavya hai ki mithyAjJAna hI bandhana kA mUla kAraNa hai| sAMkhyakArikA meM bhI prakRti aura puruSa viSayaka viparyayajJAna hI bandha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai|385 yogadArzanikoM ne kleza ko bandha kA kAraNa mAnA hai|386 advaita vedAntadarzana meM avidyA ko bandha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| -dravyasaMgraha gA. 32 / 380 'vajjhadi kammaM jeNa du cedaNabhAveNa bhAvabaMdho so / 38 dravyasaMgraha TIkA gA. 32 pR. 61 / 382 tattvArthasUtra 8/3 / 282 (ka) nyAyasUtra 1/1/2/ 4/1 13-6; (kha) nyAyabhASya 4/2/1 / 20 prazastapAdabhASya, pR. 538 / 35 sAMkhyakArikA, 44, 47 evaM 48 / yogadarzana 2/314 / 387 'bhAratIya darzana', advetavedAnta prakaraNa / -sampA. DaoN. na.ki. devarAja / Page #144 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 66 4. jainadarzana meM karmabandha ke kAraNa ___ jaina dArzanikoM ne karmabandha ke kAraNoM kI saMkhyA eka se lekara pA~ca taka batAI hai|88 prajJApanAsUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne gautama ko sambodhita karate hue kahA hai ki jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke tIvra udaya se darzanAvaraNIyakarma kA tIvra udaya hotA hai| darzanAvaraNIyakarma ke tIvrodaya se darzana-mohanIya karma kA tIvra udaya hotA hai aura darzanamoha ke tIvra udaya se mithyAtva kA tIvra udaya hotA hai| mithyAtva ke udaya se jIva ATha prakAra ke karma bA~dhatA hai|386 _vaidikadarzanoM kI taraha AcArya kundakunda ne bhI ajJAna ko bandha kA pramukha kAraNa mAnA hai| kintu samayasAra meM eka anya sthala para unhoMne rAga, dveSa aura moha ko bandha kA vAstavika kAraNa batAyA hai| punaH isI grantha meM eka sthala para unhoMne mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya aura yoga - ina cAra ko karmabandha kA kAraNa mAnA hai|260 AcArya nemicanda ne gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) meM bhI mithyAtvavAdi inhIM cAroM ko karmabandha kA kAraNa mAnA hai|361 mUlAcAra meM vaTTakera ne inhIM mithyAtvAdi cAra kAraNoM ko bandha kA hetu mAnA hai|62 rAmasena ne tattvAnuzAsana meM mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna, mithyAcAritra ko bandha kA kAraNa mAnA hai|283 sthAnAMgasUtra, samavAyAMga evaM karmAnava meM karmabandha ke pA~ca kAraNa mAne gaye haiM : (1) mithyAtva; (2) avirati; (3) pramAda; 388 (ka) samayasAra gA. 256 aura 153; (kha) vahI AtmakhyAti TIkA gA. 153 / 286 uddhRta 'jainadarzana, manana aura mImAMsA' pR. 283 / 360 (ka) samayasAra gA. 237 evaM 241; ___(kha) vahI gA. 106 evaM 177 / 361 gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) gA. 786 / 362 "micchAdasaNaM aviradi kasAya jogA havaMti baMdhassa / AusajjhavasANaM hedavo te du NAyavvA / / 6 / / ' 363 'syurmithyAdarzana-jJAna-cAritrANi samAsataH / bandhasya hetavo'nyastu trayANAmeva vistaraH / / 8 / / ' -mUlAcAra 2 / -tattvAnuzAsana / Page #145 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 100 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA (4) kaSAya; aura (5) yog|364 samavAyAMga meM hI anyatra kaSAya aura yoga ko karmabandha kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai|365 yoga se prakRtibandha aura pradezabandha hotA hai tathA kaSAya se sthitibandha aura anubhAgabandha hotA hai|366 gommaTasAra (karmakANDa)367, dravyasaMgraha68 Adi meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai| (1) mithyAtva : vItarAga dvArA batAye gaye tattvoM para zraddhA na honA athavA viparIta tattvazraddhA kA honA hI mithyAtva hai|366 bhagavatIArAdhanA'00 evaM sarvArthasiddhi:01 meM kahA gayA hai ki jIvAdi padArthoM kA zraddhAna na karanA mithyAdarzana hai| kAraNaviparyAsa, bhedAbhedaviparyAsa aura svarUpaviparyAsa kI dRSTi se yaha tIna prakAra kA hotA hai|02 (2) avirati : virati kA abhAva avirati hai|03 sarvArthasiddhikAra ne virati kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai ki hiMsA, asatya, corI, abrahmacarya aura parigraha se virata honA virati hai aura inase virata nahIM honA avirati hai| cAritra-moha ke kAraNa avirati kA udaya hotA hai, taba vratoM ke viparIta AcaraNa hotA hai| vratoM kA pAlana nahIM karanA hI avrata hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki hiMsAdika pA~ca pApoM kA tyAga nahIM honA hI avirati (avrata) hai| brahmadeva ne bhI kahA hai ki -sarvArthasiddhi 8/3 / 364 (ka) uddhRta 'jainadarzanaH svarUpa aura vizleSaNa' pR. 432 / (kha) tattvArthasUtra 6/1 / 265 samavAyAMga 2 / 366 'jogA payaDi-paesA ThidianubhAgA kasAyado kuNadi / ' 367 gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) gAthA 257 / 368 'payaDiTThidi aNubhAgappadesabhedA du caduvidhe vaMdho ___jogA payaDipadesA ThidiaNubhAgA kasAyado hoti / ' 386 vahI, gA. 42, pR. 76 / 400 bhagavatIArAdhanA, gA. 56 / 401 (ka) savArthasiddhi 2/6; (kha) nayacakra, gA. 303 / 402 sarvArthasiddhi 1/32 / 403 vahI 8/1 / 404 sarvArthasiddhi 7/1 / -dravyasaMgraha gA. 33 / Page #146 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 101 antaraMga meM apane paramAtmavarUpa kI bhAvanA evaM paramasukhAmRta meM utpanna prIti ke viparIta bAhya viSayoM meM ruci evaM vrata Adi kA pAlana na karanA avirati hai|05 bArasaaNuvekkhA meM bhI avirati ke uparokta pA~ca bhedoM kA ullekha milatA hai| (3) pramAda : Alasya athavA kArya ke prati sajagatA kA abhAva hI pramAda hai| dUsare zabdoM meM adhyAtma ke prati anutsAha honA hI pramAda hai| mohanIyakarma ke kAraNa pramAda hotA hai aura pramAda ke kAraNa jIva jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa meM Alasya karatA hai| AcArya pUjyapAda06, akalaMkadeva07 Adi ne kaSAyayukta avasthA meM zubha kAryoM meM Alasya rakhane ko hI pramAda kahA hai| vIrasena 08 ne cAroM saMjvalana kaSAyoM aura hAsya Adi upa-nokaSAyoM ke tIvra udaya ko bhI pramAda kahA hai| kaSAya : AtmA ke ve kaluSita manobhAva haiM, jo karmoM ke saMzleSa ke kAraNa hote haiN| ve kaSAya kahe jAte haiN|06 ye bhAva AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa ko kaluSita karate haiN| isI kAraNa se krodhAdi kaluSita bhAvoM ko kaSAya kahA jAtA hai| kaSAya samyakcAritra kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka haiN| saMkSepa meM mohakarma ke udaya se hone vAle jIva ke krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobharUpa pariNAma hI kaSAya kahalAte haiN| (5) yoga : jainadarzana meM mana, vacana aura kAya ke dvArA hone vAle AtmapradezoM ke parispandana ko yoga kahA gayA hai| inhIM kAraNoM ke kAraNa karmoM kA AtmA ke sAtha saMyoga hotA hai|10 yoga kA eka artha pravRtti bhI hai| ise paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki 'kAyavAGmano vyApAro yogaH"411 arthAt zarIra vANI evaM mana ke vyApAra ko yoga kahA gayA hai| -sarvArthasiddhi 7/13; -vahI 8/1 / 405 dravyasaMgraha TIkA, gA. 30 pR. 78 / 406 bArasa aNupekkhA , gA. 48 / 407 (ka) 'pramAdaH sakaSAyatvaM,' (kha) 'sa ca pramAdaH kuzaleSvanAdaraH / ' 408 dhavalA, pu. 7 khaM. 2, bhAga 1, sUtra 7 / 406 (ka) sarvArthasiddhi 6/4 pR. 320; (kha) tattvArthavArtika, 6/4/2 / 410 sarvArthasiddhi 2/26 / 411 tattvArthasUtra 6/1 / Page #147 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 102 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA jaba taka inake vyApAra calate rahate haiM, taba taka bandhana banA rahatA hai| inake vyApAra do prakAra ke hote haiM - zubha aura ashubh| isI kAraNa se yoga ke zubhayoga aura azubhayoga - aise do bheda hote haiN| isa prakAra ina pA~ca kAraNoM se jIva bandhana ko prApta hotA hai| 5. bandhana kA kAraNa Amnava jaina dArzanikoM ne yU~ to karmabandha ke aneka kAraNa mAne haiM; kintu usakA mUla kAraNa to Asrava hI hai| Asrava ke abhAva meM bandha sambhava nahIM hai| Asrava zabda kA artha hai aanaa| zubha evaM azubha karmavargaNA ke pudgaloM kA AtmA ke samparka meM AnA hI Asrava hai| ataH jaina tattvajJAna meM Asava kA rUr3ha artha karmavargaNA ke pudgaloM kA AtmA kI ora Agamana hai| ye karmavargaNA ke pudagala hI AtmA ke bandhana ke kAraNa hote haiN| Asava ke do bheda haiM : (1) bhAvAnava; aura (2) drvyaanv| AtmA kI vikArI manodazA bhAvAnava hai aura karmavargaNA ke pudgaloM ke AtmA meM Ane kI prakriyA dravyAnava hai| bhAvAnava kAraNa hai aura dravyAnava kArya hai| dravyAnava bhAvAnava ke kAraNa hI hotA hai| kintu AtmA kA yaha bhAvAtmaka parivartana bhI akAraNa nahIM, balki pUrvabaddha karmoM ke kAraNa hI hotA hai| isa prakAra pUrvabaddha karmoM ke kAraNa bhAvAnava, bhAvAnava ke kAraNa dravyAnava aura dravyAsrava se karmabandhana hotA hai| zubha pravRttiyA~ puNya karma kA Anava hai aura azubha pravRttiyA~ pApa kA Asrava hai|12 sAmAnya rUpa se mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRttiyA~ hI Asrava kI hetu haiN| jainAgamoM meM inakA vargIkaraNa aneka sthaloM para aneka prakAra se upalabdha hotA hai| karmAnava meM Asrava ke do bheda kahe gaye haiM - "sakaSAyAkaSAyayoH sAmparAyikeryApathayoH"413 : (1) IryApathika; aura (2) saampraayik| 412 tattvArthasUtra 6/3-4 / 413 vahI 6/5 / -paM. sukhalAlajI kA vivecana tattvArthabhASyamAnapATha / Page #148 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 103 jainadarzana yaha svIkAra karatA hai ki jaba taka jIvana hai, taba taka niSkriya nahIM rahA jA sktaa| jaba taka mAnasika vRtti calatI rahegI, taba taka sahaja rUpa se kAyika evaM vAcika kriyAe~ bhI calatI raheMgI aura usa kriyA ke phalasvarUpa karmAsrava bhI hotA rhegaa| kintu jo vyakti kaSAya se Upara uTha jAtA hai; usa vyakti kI kriyAoM ke dvArA jo Asrava hotA hai, use jaina paribhASA meM IryApathika Asrava kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra dhUla kA kaNa rAste meM calate hue sUkhe kapar3e para giratA hai; para sUkhe vastra para cipakatA nahIM hai, punaH khira jAtA hai; usI prakAra kaSAyarahita kriyAe~ AtmA meM vibhAva utpanna nahIM krtiiN| unase sthitibandha nahIM hotaa| kintu jo kriyAe~ kaSAya sahita hotI haiM, unase sAmparAyika Amnava hotA hai| 1.6 bandhana se mukti kI ora jainadarzana ne AtmA ke bandhana aura mukti - ina donoM pakSoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| AtmA ke pUrva saMcita karmasaMskAra samaya-samaya para apanA phala yA vipAka pradAna karate rahate haiM aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa manasA, vAcA, karmaNA - ina tInoM yogoM (pravRttiyoM) ke dvArA kriyArUpa vyApAra hotA hai| isa kAraNa AtmA ko navIna karmAnava evaM karmabandha hotA hai| prazna uThatA hai ki AtmA kI bandhana se mukti kaise hotI hai? jainadarzana meM AtmA dvArA mukti prApta karane kA upAya saMvara evaM nirjarA ko mAnA gayA hai| karmAnaMva meM Anava ke nirodha ko saMvara kahA gayA hai| saMvara hI mokSa kA hetu hai| saMvara zabda sam upasargapUrvaka 'vR' dhAtu se banA hai| 'vR' dhAtu kA artha hai rokanA yA nirodha krnaa| saMvara zabda kA artha hai - AtmA kI ora Ate hue kArmaNavargaNA ke pudgaloM ko roknaa| yaha zArIrika, vAcika evaM mAnasika kriyAoM ke nirodha ke dvArA sambhava hai; ataH ina kriyAoM kA nirodha bhI saMvara hai| saMvara ko jaina paramparA meM karma paramANuoM ke Asrava ko rokane ke artha meM aura bauddha paramparA meM kriyA ke nirodha ke artha meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| saMvara kA artha saMyama bhI hai| ThANAMgasUtra meM saMvara ke pA~ca 414 'AzravanirodhaH saMvaraH' tattvArthasUtra 6/1 |-pN. sukhalAlajI kA vivecana tattvArthabhASyamAnapATha / Page #149 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 104 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA bhedoM ko pA~ca indriyoM ke saMyama ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|415 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM saMvara ke sthAna para saMyama ko bhI Anava-nirodha kA hetu kahA gayA hai| 16 prakArAntara se zubha adhyavasAya bhI saMvara ke artha meM svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| dhammapada meM bhI saMvara zabda kA artha saMyama hI kiyA gayA hai|417 kahIM-kahIM zubha-adhyavasAyoM ko bhI saMvara ke artha meM svIkRta kiyA gayA hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina likhate haiM ki "azubha se nivRtti ke lie zubha kA aMgIkAra prAthamika sthiti meM Avazyaka hai| vRttizUnyatA ke abhyAsI ke lie bhI prathama zubha-vRttiyoM ko aMgIkAra karanA hotA hai| kyoMki citta jaba zubhavRtti se paripUrNa hotA hai taba azubha ke lie koI sthAna nahIM rahatA hai| azubha ko haTAne ke lie prathama zubha Avazyaka hai|"418. ataH saMvara kA artha zubhavRttiyoM kA abhyAsa bhI hai| dravyasaMgraha meM saMvara ke dravyasaMvara aura bhAvasaMvara - aise do bheda svIkAra kiye gaye haiN|416 dravyAnava arthAta karmavargaNA ke pudgaloM ke AtmA kI ora Agamana ko rokanevAle kriyArUpa vyApAra kA nirodha dravyasaMvara hai aura karmAnavoM ko rokane meM sakSama AtmA kI caitasika sthiti ko bhAvasaMvara kahA gayA hai| samavAyAMga meM saMvara ke nimna pA~ca aMga arthAt dvAra batAye gaye haiM - (1) samyaktva ; (2) virati (maryAdita saMyamita jIvana); (3) apramattatA (AtmacetanatA); / (4) akaSAyavRtti (krodhAdi AvegoM kA abhAva); aura (5) ayoga (akriyaa)| 20 415 ThANAMgasUtra 5/2/427 / 416 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 26/26 / 417 dhammapada 360/363 / 118 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 1 pR. 387-88 / dravyasaMgraha 34 / 420 samavAyAMga 5/5 / -DaoN.sAgaramala jaina / 416 Page #150 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 105 sthAnAMgasUtra ke anusAra saMvara ke ATha bheda isa prakAra haiM - (1) zrotrendriya kA saMyama; (2) cakSurindriya kA saMyama; (3) ghrANendriya kA saMyama; (4) rasanendriya kA saMyama; (5) sparzanendriya kA saMyama (6) mana kA saMyama; (7) vacana kA saMyama; aura (8) zarIra kA sNym|21 jaina granthoM meM prakArAntara se saMvara ke 57 bheda bhI svIkAra kiye gaye hai| 5 samitiyA~, 3 guptiyA~, 10 yatidharma, 12 anuprekSAe~, 22 pariSaha aura sAmAyika Adi 5 caaritr|22 ina sabhI kA sambandha zramaNa jIvana se hai| 1. saMvara : navIna karmabandha ko rokane kI prakriyA : saMvara kA kArya : navIna karmabandha ko rokanA hai aura nirjarA kA kArya pUrvabaddha karmoM kA kSaya karanA hai| jainadarzana meM karmabandha vimukti kI ye do vidhiyA~ pratipAdita kI gaI haiN|423 pahalI vidhi hai saMvara jisake dvArA navIna karmabandha ko rokA jAtA hai:24 aura dUsarI vidhi hai nirjarA jisake dvArA AtmA se pUrvabaddha karmoM ko apane vipAka ke pUrva hI tapAdi ke dvArA alaga kiyA jAtA hai| yahA~ para karma se vimukti kI isa prakriyA ko eka udAharaNa ke dvArA batAte haiM - "yadi tAlAba ko khAlI karanA ho to pahale una nAloM ko banda karanA par3atA hai, jinake dvArA pAnI tAlAba meM AtA hai| una dvAroM ko rokanA hI saMvara hai| isake bAda tAlAba meM rahe hue pAnI ko khAlI karanA yA sukhA denA yahI nirjarA hai|" isI prakAra navIna karmAnavoM ke nirodha aura pUrvabaddha karmoM kI nirjarA karane se AtmA karmoM se rahita ho jAtI hai aura sAdhaka ko mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| saMvararahita nirjarA kA koI artha nahIM hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki karmabandha-viccheda meM saMvara aura nirjarA donoM kA 421 sthAnAMgasUtra 8/3/568 / 22 'caudasa-caudasa bAyAlIsA, bAsI ya hu~ti bAyAlA, sattAvannaM bArasa, cau nava bheyA kamaNesi / / 2 / / ' 423 bhagavatIArAdhanAH zivakoTI gA. 1854 / 424 'AnavanirodhaH saMvaraH' -navatattva prakaraNa / -tattvArthasUtra 6/1 / Page #151 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 106 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA mahattvapUrNa evaM pramukha sthAna hai| saMvara karmoM ke Asrava ke nirodha kI prakriyA hai| akalaMkadeva kahate haiM - "jisa prakAra nagara kI acchI taraha se gherAbandI kara dene se zatru nagara meM praveza nahIM kara pAte haiM; vaise hI gupti, samiti, dharma, anuprekSA, pariSahajaya aura cAritra ke dvArA indriya, kaSAya aura yoga ko saMvRta kara dene para AtmA meM AnevAle navIna karmoM kA ruka jAnA saMvara hai|"425 jainAcAryoM ne eka dUsare udAharaNa ke dvArA bhI saMvara ke svarUpa ko samajhAyA hai - "jisa prakAra chidrayukta naukA ke cheda ko banda kara dene se usameM jala praviSTa nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra mithyAtva Adi Asrava dvAroM ko sarvataH avaruddha kara dene se saMvRta AtmA ke AtmapradezoM meM karmadravya praviSTa nahIM hotaa|26 / / saMvara ke hetu : umAsvAti ne karmAnava meM (1) gupti; (2) samiti; (3) dharma; (4) anuprekSA; (5) parISahajaya; aura (6) cAritra, tapAdi ko saMvara kA kAraNa mAnA hai|427 (1) gupti : gupti kA artha hai AtmA kI rakSA krnaa| gupti ke binA karmoM kA saMvara nahIM ho sakatA hai| bhagavatIArAdhanA, mUlAcAra Adi meM kahA gayA hai - jisa prakAra nagara surakSA ke lie koTa anivArya hai aura kheta kI surakSA ke lie kA~ToM kI bAr3a Avazyaka hai; vaise hI pApoM ko rokane ke lie gupti Avazyaka hai|428 pUjyapAda devanandI ne kahA hai ki saMklezarahita hokara yogoM kA nirodha karane se unase AnevAle karmoM kA Agamana ruka 425 tattvArthavArtika 1, 4, 11 tathA 6/11 / 426 'saMdhiya chiddasahasse jalajANe jaha jalaM tu NAsavadi / micchatAiabhAve taha jIve saMvaro hoI / / 156 / / ' 427 'sa guptisamiti dharmAnuprekSA parISahajaya cAritraiH' 428 (ka) bhagavatIArAdhanA gA. 1186 (kha) mUlAcAra gA. 334 / -nyckr| tattvArthasUtra 6/2 / Page #152 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 107 jAtA hai| isa prakAra gupti se saMvara hotA hai|426 gupti ke manogupti, vacanagupti aura kAyagupti - aise tIna bheda kiye gae haiN| saMvara kI sAdhanA gapti para nirbhara hai| mahAvratoM kA nirdoSa pAlana bhI gupti para nirbhara hai| karmAnava meM mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyoM ko yoga kahA gayA hai| una yogoM ko samyakrUrUpa se rokane ko gupti kahA jAtA hai|30 (2) samiti : samitiyoM kA pAlana karane se sAdhu ko hiMsAdi kA pApa nahIM lagatA hai| samiti kA pAlana karanA saMvara hai| gupti kA pAlana prati samaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki sAdhaka ko jIvana nirvAha ke lie bolanA, khAnA-pInA, rakhanA-uThAnA, baiThanA-uThanA, mala-mUtra kA visarjana Adi to karanA hI par3atA hai| ina pravRttiyoM meM sajagatA yA sAvadhAnI rakhanA samiti hai| isa prakAra saMyama kI zaddhi ke lie aura jIvoM kI rakSA ke lie samiti kA pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai| pUjyapAda devanandI ke anusAra samyak pravRtti hI samiti hai|3' samiti ke pA~ca bheda haiM - (1) IryAsamiti; (2) bhASAsamiti; (3) eSaNAsamiti; (4) AdAna nikSepa samiti; aura (5) uccAra prasavaNa utsarga smiti|732 426 (ka) 'tasmAt samyagvizeSaNaviziSTAt, saMklezAprArdubhAvaparAtkAyAdiyoga nirodhe sati tatrimittaM karma nAmavatIti saMvaraprasiddhiravagantavyA' -sarvArthasiddhi 6/4 / (kha) tulanA ke lie tattvArthacArtikA 6/4/4 / (ga) tattvArthasAra 6/5 / 430 tattvArthasUtra 6/4 aura bhI dRSTavya mUlAcAra gA. 331 / 431 (ka) 'prANipIDAparihArArthaM, samyagayanaM samitiH' -sarvArthasiddhi 6/2 / (kha) tattvArthavArtika 6/2/2 / / (ga) bhagavatIArAdhanA vijayodayA TIkA gA. 16/5 / (gha) sarvArthasiddhi 6/2 / (ka) mUlAcAra gA. 10 evaM 301 / (kha) cAritrapAhuDa gA. 37 / (ga) tattvArthasUtra 6/5 aura usakI TIkAe~ / 432 Page #153 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 108 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA (3) dharma : jainadarzana meM dharma kI vyAkhyA vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se kI gaI hai| samatA, madhyasthatA, zuddhabhAva, vItarAgatA, cAritra aura svabhAva kI ArAdhanA ye dharmavAcaka zabda hai / 433 AcArya kundakunda ke pravacanasAra aura bhAvapAhuDa Adi granthoM meM cAritra evaM rAga-dveSa se rahita AtmA ke pariNAma ko dharma batalAyA hai / 434 dazavaikAlikasUtra ke prathama adhyAya meM kahA gayA hai ki ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa hI dharma hai| 435 karmAsrava ke 6veM adhyAya meM karmanirjarA ke hetuoM kI carcA karate hue kSamA, mArdava, Arjava Adi ko dharma batAyA hai / dharma eka vyApaka zabda hai / AcArAMgasUtra' meM samabhAva kI sAdhanA aura ahiMsA ko dharma kahA gayA hai / kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM dharma kI cAra paribhASAe~ dI gaIM haiM : (1) vastu kA svabhAva hI dharma hai; 436 .437 kSamAdi dasa sadguNoM kA pAlana hI dharma hai; (3) ratnatraya kI arthAt samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura myakcAritra kI ArAdhanA karanA hI dharma hai; aura (4) jIvoM kI rakSA karanA dharma hai / 438 (4) anuprekSA : anuprekSAoM se na kevala navIna karmoM kA AnA hI rukatA hai balki purAne saMcita karmoM kI nirjarA bhI hotI hai| vairAgya bhAvoM kI vRddhi evaM sampuSTi anuprekSAoM 433 nayacakra gAthA 356-57 / 434 pravacanasAra tAtparyavRtti 1/7 / 435 dazavaikAlikasUtra 1/1 / 436 tattvArthasUtra 6/6 / 437 438 AcArAMgasUtra 1/6/5 / (ka) 'dhammo vatthusahAvo khamAdi bhAvo ya dasa viho dhammo / jIvANA rakkhaNaM rayaNattayaM ca dhammo (kha) sthAnAMga 10 / 14 / (ga) samavAyAMga 10 / 1 / (gha) mUlAcAra 11 / 15 / (ca) tattvArthasUtra 6 / 12 / (cha) bArasAnupekkhA 68-70 / dhammo || 476 / / ' - kArtikeyAnuprekSA / Page #154 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 440 ke dvArA hI hotI hai / adhyAtma mArga ke pathika (sAdhaka) ko kaSAyAgni kA zamana karane ke lie anuprekSAoM kA cintana karanA Avazyaka hai / 436 anuprekSA, bhAvanA evaM cintana samAnArthaka zabda haiN| umAsvAti ne jagat ke svarUpa evaM zarIrAdi ke svabhAva kA cintana karane ko hI anuprekSA kahA hai / eka anya apekSA se antaraMga bhAvoM kA nirIkSaNa karanA hI anuprekSA hai / vIrasena ne SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM kahA hai ki karmoM kI nirjarA ke lie pUrNarUpa se hRdayaMgama hue zrutajJAna kA parizIlana karanA anuprekSA hai / 440 eka anya apekSA se Atmazuddhi karane hetu padArthoM ke sAMyogika evaM anitya svarUpa kA cintana karanA anuprekSA hai / anuprekSA ke nimna bAraha bheda haiM : anitya; (4) ekatva; (7) Asrava; (10) loka; ye 441 (2) azaraNa; (5) anyatva; (8) saMvara; (11) bodhidurlabha aura bAraha anuprekSAe~ kArtikeyAnuprekSA, tattvArthavArtika, tattvArthasAra Adi meM vivecita haiN| (5) parISaha :- mokSa mArga para ArUr3ha sAdhaka dvArA navIna karmoM kA saMvara karate hue saMcita karmoM kI nirjarA ke lie bhUkha-pyAsa, sardI-garmI Adi kI vedanA ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahanA parISaha hai / karmAnava meM kahA bhI hai ki mokSa mArga se bhraSTa na hone tathA karmanirjarA ke lie jo kucha sahane yogya hai vaha parISaha hai / pUjyapAda devanandI ke anusAra kSudhAdi kI vedanA ko sahana karanA parISaha hai athavA pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM avicalita .441 (3) saMsAra; (6) azucitva; (6) nirjarA; (12) dharma; 436 'vidyayAti kaSAyAgnirvigalati rAgo vilIyate dhvAntam / unmiSati bodhadIpo hRdi puMsAM bhAvanAbhyAsAt / / ' - jJAnArNava, sarga 2, upasaMhAra kA 2 / 'kammaNijjaraNaTThamaTTimajjAyugamassa sudaNANassaparimalaNamaNu pekkhaNaNAm / ' -dhavalA pu. 6, khaM. 4, bhA. 1, sUtra 55 / (ka) bArasa aNupekkhA; ( kha ) tattvArthasUtra 6 / 7 / (ga) prazamaratiprakaraNa kA. 142-50 / 106 sarvArthasiddhi, Page #155 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 110 442 rahanA parISahajaya hai / 442 pariSaha ke 22 bheda haiM : 444 2. tRSA; 1. kSudhA; 5. daMzamazaka; 6. acela; 6. caryA; 10. niSadyA; 14. yAcanA; 13. vadha; 17. tRNasparza; 18. mala, 20. prajJA; 447 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA (6) cAritra : cAritra karmAsrava ke nirodha ( saMvara) kA mArga hai / samatA, madhyasthya, zuddhopayoga, vItarAgatA, dharma aura svabhAva ke artha meM 'cAritra' zabda kA prayoga upalabdha hai / 444 sarvArthasiddhi meM pUjyapAda ne cAritra kI vyutpatti karate hue kahA hai ki jo AcaraNa karatA hai, jisake dvArA AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai athavA AcaraNa karanA hI cAritra hai / 445 mokSapAhuDa meM AcArya kundakunda ne puNya aura pApa ke tyAga ko cAritra kahA hai 1 445 nayacakra gA. 356 / 446 3. zIta; 7. arati; 11. zayyA; 'kSudhAdivedanotpattau karmanirjarArthaM sahanaM prisshH| pariSahasya jayaH pariSaha jayaH / ' 21. ajJAna aura 22. adarzana / 443 anya kucha AcAryoM ne mana, vacana aura kAyA kI saMsAra paribhramaNa meM kAraNabhUta kriyAoM ke tyAga ko hI cAritra mAnA hai / 446 karmAsrava meM cAritra ke 5 bheda kiye gaye haiM -447 443 tattvArthasUtra 6/6 | 'cAritramante gRhyate mokSaprApteH sAkSAtkAraNamiti jJApanArtham / ' 15. alAbha; 16. satkAra-puraskAra; (1) sAmAyika; (2) chedopasthApanA; (3) parihAravizuddhi; (4) sUkSmasamparAya; aura ( 5 ) yathAkhyAta / (gha) tattvAnuzAsana, kA. 27 / 4. uSNa; 8. strI 12. Akroza; 16. roga 'taM cArittaM bhaNiyaM parihAro puNNapAvANaM / ' (ka) sarvArthasiddhi 1/1; (kha) vahI 1,1,3; (ga) 'bahirabdhaMtarakiriyAroho bhavakAraNapaNAsaTTaM / gaNissa jaM jiNuttaM taM paramaM sammacArittam / / 46 / / - - sarvArthasiddhi, 6/2 / - sarvArthasiddhi 6/18 | -mokSapAhuDa gA. 37 / - dravyasaMgraha / Page #156 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza (7) tapa : " icchA nirodho tapaH" .448 .446 icchAoM kA nirodha tapa hI hai / tapa se purAne karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai| AcArya kundakunda ne tapa kA svabhAva batAte hue kahA hai ki viSaya aura kaSAyoM se Upara uThane kA cintana karanA tathA dhyAna aura svAdhyAya ke dvArA antaraMga bhAvoM kA nirIkSaNa karanA arthAt zuddha svarUpa meM ramaNa karanA hI tapa hai / 450 sarvArthasiddhi aura tattvArthavArtika meM kahA gayA hai ki zakti ko na chipAkara mokSamArga ke anukUla kAyakleza Adi kaSToM ko sahanA tapa hai / tapa ke mukhyataH 2 bheda 451 hai isake 6 prakAra haiM (1) anazana; (3) vRttiparisaMkhyAna; (5) viviktazayyAsana; aura (1) bAhya; aura (1) jo tapa bAhya padArthoM ke Alambana se kiye jAte haiM aura jo bAhyataH kAyakleza ke rUpa meM dRSTigocara hote haiM, unheM bAhya tapa kahate haiM / 453 454 448 'icchAnirodhastapaH' 446 'tapasA nirjarA ca ' (2) Abhyantara / (ka) sarvArthasiddhi 6/24; (kha) tattvArthavArtika 6 / 24/7 / 453 'bAhyadravyApekSAtvAtparapratyakSatvAcca bAhyatvam / ' (2) AbhyantaraH jo bAhara se kAyakleza rUpa pratIta nahIM hotA hai; kintu Atma vizuddhi kA kAraNa hai; use Abhyantara arthAt Antarika tapa kahA jAtA hai / AcArya pUjyapAda (ka) sarvArthasiddhi 6/16 pR. 336; (kha) tattvArthavArtika 6/16/17 / 454 tattvArthasUtra 6/16 / 452 450 tattvArthasUtra 6 / 18 aura bhI draSTavya cAritrabhakti, gA. 3.4 / 451 bArasa aNuvekkhA gA. 77 / 452 'anigUhitavIryasya mArga virodhikAyaklezastapaH / ' 111 (2) avamaudarya (uNodarI); (4) rasaparityAga; (6) kAyakleza / - dhavalA, pu. 13 khaM. 5 . bhAga 4 sUtra 26 / - tattvArthasUtra 6/3 / - tattvArthasAra 6/7 / Page #157 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 112 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA devanandI, akalaMkadeva Adi ke granthoM meM Abhyantara tapa kI aneka vizeSatAe~ upalabdha hotI haiN| AbhyaMtara tapa vizuddhi kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai / isake chaH bheda isa prakAra haiM - 455 456 (1) prAyazcita; (4) svAdhyAya; 2. nirjarA hI mokSa kA kAraNa tapa sAdhanA kA mukhya prayojana pUrva saMcita karmoM kA kSaya karanA hai| ve nirjarA ke hetu haiM aura nirjarA hI mokSa kA sAkSAt kAraNa hai / (2) vinaya; (5) vyutsarga; aura nirjarA zabda kA artha hai jarjarita kara denA / khara jAnA yA Atmatattva se karma pudgaloM kA pRthak ho jAnA nirjarA hai| AtmA ke sAtha karma - pudgaloM kA sambandha honA bandha hai; navIna pudgaloM kA AtmA kI ora Agamana rokanA saMvara hai aura AtmA se pUrvabaddha karmavargaNAoM kA alaga honA nirjarA hai / mAtra saMvara se nirvANa kI prApti sambhava nahIM hai / AtmA ke sAtha purAne karmoM kA kSaya honA bhI usI prakAra jarUrI hai jisa prakAra chidrayukta naukA ke cheda banda kara dene ke bAda usameM bhare hue jala ko ulIcakara bAhara pheMka denA anivArya hotA hai / pUrvabaddha karmoM kA kSaya kiye binA mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI / pUrvabaddha karmoM ke kSaya ko hI jainAgamoM meM nirjarA kahA gayA hai uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM likhA hai ki kisI bar3e tAlAba ke jala strotoM (pAnI ke Agamana dvAroM) ko banda kara dene ke pazcAt usake andara rahe hue jala ko ulIcane yA tApa se sukhAne para vaha vistIrNa tAlAba bhI sUkha jAtA hai / yahA~ AtmA hI sarovara hai, karma pAnI hai aura karmoM kA Asrava hI pAnI kA Agamana hai / usa pAnI ke Agamana ke dvAroM ko banda kara denA saMvara hai aura usa pAnI ko ulIcakara bAhara pheMkanA yA sukhAnA nirjarA hai / saMvara se naye karmarUpI jala kA Asrava yA Agamana ruka 455 456 I 'puvvakadamma saDaNaM tu nijjarA' uttarAdhyayanasUtra 30 / 5 evaM 6 | (3) vaiyAvRtya; (6) dhyAna / - bhagavatI ArAdhanA gA. 1847 / Page #158 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 113 jAtA hai lekina pUrva meM bandhe hue sattArUpa karmoM ke jala ko jo AtmarUpI tAlAba kA zeSa jala hai, use sukhAnA hI nirjarA hai| 3. nirjarA ke bheda : karmoM kI nirjarA do prakAra se hotI hai : (1) savipAka nirjarA; aura (2) avipAka nirjraa| jisa prakAra kacce Ama Adi ko kRtrima tApa se pakA liyA jAtA hai; usI prakAra samaya se pahale tapa ke dvArA karmoM ko AtmA se alaga kara denA avipAka nirjarA kahalAtI hai aura yaha mokSa kA kAraNa hai| karmoM kA yathAsamaya udaya meM Akara aura apanA phala dekara AtmA se alaga ho jAnA yA nirjarita ho jAnA savipAka nirjarA nirjarA ke dravyanirjarA aura bhAvanirjarA aise do bheda kiye jAte haiN| karmapudgaloM kA AtmA se alaga honA dravyanirjarA hai aura jinase karmanirjarA hotI hai, vaise AtmapariNAma bhAvanirjarA hai| bhAvanirjarA ke mAdhyama se dravyanirjarA hokara karmoM kA pUrNataH kSaya hotA hai aura usake dvArA AtmA mukti ko prApta karatI hai| 1.10 AdhyAmika vikAsa kI vibhinna avadhAraNAe~ bandhana se mukti taka kI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI isa yAtrA ke vibhinna caraNa mAne gaye haiN| trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA bhI mUlataH vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI sUcaka hai| bahirAtmA se paramAtmA taka kI yAtrA AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke mAdhyama se hI sambhava hotI hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI isa yAtrA ko sUcita karane ke lie jainadharma meM SaDlezyA, karmavizuddhi kI dasa avasthAoM (guNazreNiyoM) aura caudaha guNasthAnoM kI avadhAraNAe~ uttarAdhyayanasUtra,5 457 sarvArthasiddhi 8/23 pR. 366 / 456 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 34/4, 10, 16, 18 / Page #159 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 114 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA prajJApanA,456 bhagavatIsUtra,460 AcArAMganiyukti, tattvArtharAjavArtika,461 gommaTasAra462 Adi meM milatI hai| (ka) lezyA kI avadhAraNA : SaDlezyAoM kI avadhAraNAoM meM prArambhika tIna lezyAe~ kRSNa, nIla aura kapota azuddha lezyAe~ kahI gaI haiN| ye vyakti ke AdhyAtmika avikAsa yA patana ko sUcita karatI haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM ye vAsanAmaya aura svArthamaya jIvanazailI kI sUcaka haiN| isake viparIta tejo, padma aura zukla - ye tIna lezyAe~ zubha lezyAe~ kahI gaI haiN| ye AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI sUcaka haiN| inameM bhI tejolezyA kI apekSA padmalezyA aura padmalezyA kI apekSA zuklalezyA uttarotara AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI sUcaka hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki jahA~ azubhalezyAe~ bahirAtmA kI sUcaka haiM; vahA~ zubhalezyAe~ antarAtmA kI sUcaka haiN| SaDlezyAoM meM antima zuklalezyA apane antima caraNa meM paramAtma avasthA kI sUcaka hai| arhanta paramAtmA zukla lezyA se yukta mAne jAte haiN| siddha paramAtmA lezyAoM se pare hote haiM arthAt alezya hote haiN| ina lezyAoM ke svarUpa Adi para vistRta carcA isa zodha prabandha ke SaSTha adhyAya meM kreNge| (kha) guNazreNiyA~ : prAcIna stara ke jaina granthoM meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI yAtrA ko guNazreNiyoM ke AdhAra para bhI vivecita kiyA gayA haiN| guNazreNiyoM kA vivecana AtmA kI karmoM se vizuddhi ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| guNazreNiyoM kI yaha carcA hameM AcArAMganiyukti463, tattvArthasUtra 64 aura usakI TIkA, SaDkhaNDAgama 65 ke caturtha khaNDa 456 prajJApanA uvaMgasuttANi, lADanU khaNDa 2 pR. 226, 17/4/1 / 460 bhagavaI aMgasutANi lADanU khaNDa 2 pR. 185, 4/10/8 / 46' tattvArthavArtika, pR. 238 / 462 gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa 461-62 / 463 AcArAMganiyukti 222-23 / / 'samyagdRSTizrAvakaviratAnanta viyojakadarzanamohakSapakopazAnta / moha kSapakakSINa mohajinAH kramazo'saGkhyeyaguNanirjarAH / / 47 / / ' __ -tattvArthasUtra 6 (sampA. paM. sukhlaaljii)| 464 Page #160 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 115 kI kRti, anuyogadvAra kI pariziSTa gAthAoM tathA paravartI karmasiddhAnta sambandhI zvetAmbara aura digambara granthoM meM milatI hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina kA mAnanA hai ki guNasthAna siddhAnta kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa isI guNazreNI ke siddhAnta se huA hai| guNa zreNiyA~ dasa haiM : (1) samyagdRSTi; (2) zrAvaka; (3) virati; (4) ananta viyojaka; (5) darzanamohakSapaka; (6) upazamaka; (7) upazAntamoha; (8) kSapaka; (E) kSINamoha; aura (10) jin| ye dasa guNazreNiyA~ vyakti ke kramika AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI sUcaka haiN| inameM bhI prathama nau guNazreNiyA~ antarAtmA kI aura dasavIM guNazreNI paramAtmA kI sUcaka hai| guNazreNiyoM kI isa carcA meM bahirAtmA kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| ina para vistRta vivecanA agrima SaSTha adhyAya meM kI gaI hai| (ga) guNasthAna : jainadarzana meM vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI vibhinna avasthAoM kA citraNa guNasthAna siddhAnta ke AdhAra para hI kiyA jAtA hai| vyakti ke bandhana yA AdhyAtmika patana ke mukhya kAraNa karma mAne gaye haiN| vyakti karma ke AvaraNa se jitanA-jitanA mukta hotA hai, utanA hI usakA AdhyAtmika vikAsa hotA hai| guNasthAna kA siddhAnta bhI karmavizuddhi ke AdhAra para vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI carcA karatA hai| inakI nimna caudaha avasthAe~ mAnI gaI haiM : (1) mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna; (3) mizra guNasthAna; (5) dezavirata samyagdRSTi guNasthAna; (7) apramatta saMyata guNasthAna; (6) anivRttibAdara guNasthAna (11) upazAntamoha guNasthAna; (13) sayogIkevalI guNasthAna; aura (2) sAsvAdana guNasthAna; (4) avirata samyagdRSTi guNasthAna; (6) pramatta saMyata guNasthAna; (8) apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna; (10) sUkSmasamparAya guNasthAna; (12) kSINamoha guNasthAna; (14) ayogIkevalI gunnsthaan| 465 5 SaTkhaNDAgama 4, 1, 66 (anuyogadvAra pariziSTa) / Page #161 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 116 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA jainAcAryoM ne trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA ko guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA meM bhI antarbhUta kiyA hai| usameM batAyA gayA hai ki prathama tIna guNasthAna bahirAtmA ke sUcaka haiN| caturtha se lekara bArahaveM guNasthAna taka kI avasthAe~ antarAtmA kI sUcaka haiM tathA terahavA~ aura caudahavA~ guNasthAna paramAtmA ke sUcaka haiN| punaH, antarAtmA ke bhI guNasthAna sthAnoM kI apekSA se jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa - aise 3 bheda kiye gae haiN| ina sabakI carcA hama SaSTha adhyAya 'trividha AtmA aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI vibhinna avadhAraNAoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' meM kreNge| ataH yahA~ kevala hama itanA hI iMgita karanA cAheMge ki jisa prakAra trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA hamAre vyaktitva kI AdhyAtmika vizuddhi yA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI sUcaka hai usI prakAra se SaDlezyAe~, karma vizuddhi kI dasa guNazreNiyA~ aura caudaha guNasthAnoM kI avadhAraNAe~ bhI vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI sUcaka haiN| yahA~ hama ina saba kI gambhIra carcA meM na utarakara aba apane pratipAdya viSaya trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA para vicAra kreNge| 1.11.1 AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se trividha ___ AtmA kI avadhAraNA jainadarzana meM jahA~ eka ora AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI vibhinna avasthAoM kA citraNa hai; vahIM dUsarI ora AtmapUrNatA ko AtmA kA svalakSaNa kahA gayA hai| pAramArthika dRSTi se to paramatattva yA AtmA sadaiva avikArI hai| vaha bandhana aura mukti athavA vikAsa aura patana se nirapekSa hai| kintu jaina vicAraNA meM paramArtha yA nizcayaSTi ko jitanA mahattva diyA gayA hai utanA hI mahattva vyavahAradRSTi ko bhI diyA gayA hai| vikAsa kI prakriyAe~ cAhe vyavahAranaya kA viSaya ho; parantu isase unakI yathArthatA meM koI kamI nahIM aatii|466 466 (ka) niyamasAra 77 / (kha) 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 2 pR. 446-48 / -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / Page #162 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 117 jainadarzana meM AdhyAtmika pUrNatA yA mukti kI upalabdhi ko hI sAdhanA kA sAdhya mAnA gayA hai| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA artha AtmA ke zuddhasvarUpa yA vikArIsvarUpa ko mAtra zabdoM se jAna lene taka sImita nahIM hai; apitu vaha AtmAnubhUti sampanna hone yA vaibhAvika avasthA se haTakara AtmA ke zuddha nirvikAraM svarUpa meM ramaNa karane se hai| isa sAdhya kI prApti ke lie sAdhaka ko sAdhanA kI vibhinna zreNiyoM se gujaranA ho sakatA hai| ye zreNiyA~ sAdhaka kI sAdhanA kI U~cAiyoM kI mApaka haiN| jainadarzana meM AtmA ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko aneka dRSTiyoM se vivecita kiyA gayA hai| pUrva varNita lezyA aura guNasthAna siddhAnta ke sAtha-sAtha trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA bhI isI vikAsa krama kI sUcaka hai| trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA : jainadarzana adhyAtmavAdI darzana hai| adhyAtma kA sambandha AtmA ke vikAsa se hai| isa darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNAe~ bhI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se hI pratipAdita kI gaI haiN| AtmA ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se tIna avasthAe~ haiM : (1) bahirAtmA; (2) antarAtmA; aura (3) prmaatmaa|68 AtmA kI ye tIna avasthAe~ dehadhArI jIvoM kI dRSTi se pratipAdita kI gaI haiN| sAmAnyataH AgamoM meM jIva ke do bheda haiM - (1) siddha; aura (2) sNsaarii| saMsArI jIvoM meM AtmaguNoM ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se AtmA kI ina tIna avasthAoM kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| ina tInoM avasthAoM ke lakSaNoM ke dvArA sAdhaka bhI yaha jAna sakatA hai ki usane kauna sI avasthA meM praveza kiyA hai yA vaha kisa avasthA meM hai? ye tInoM 467 (ka) adhyAtma parIkSA gA. 125 / (kha) yogAvatAra, dvAtriMzikA 17-18 / (ga) mokkhapAhuDa 4 / 468 dekhiye AcArAMgasUtra prathama zrutaskandha adhyayana 3-5 / Page #163 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 118 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA prakAra kI AtmAe~ AdhyAtmika guNoM ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se uttarottara eka-dUsare se nirmalatara haiN| isameM bahirAtmA prathama avasthA hai| yaha AtmA kI saMsAra meM anurakta vibhAvadazA hai|66 dvitIya avasthA antarAtmA kI hai, yaha sAdhaka AtmA hai| yaha zubha se zuddha kI ora gatizIla hotI hai| tRtIya paramAtmaavasthA zreSThatama, nirmalatama yA vizuddhatama hai| sarvaprathama bahirAtmA ke lakSaNa va svarUpa ko samajhakara unheM tyAganA Avazyaka hai| kyoMki jaba taka vyakti antarmukhI nahIM banatA; taba taka vaha paramAtmA nahIM bana sktaa| anya bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne bhI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se AtmA kI vibhinna avasthAoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| taittirIyopaniSad meM AtmA kI nimna pA~ca avasthAe~ mAnI gaI haiM :470 (1) annamayakoSa; (2) prANamayakoSa; (3) manomayakoSa; (4) vijJAnamayakoSa aura (5) aanndmykoss| chAndogyopaniSad ke anusAra AtmA ke tIna bheda isa prakAra haiM :471 (1) zarIrAtmA; (2) jIvAtmA; aura (3) prmaatmaa| mANDukyopaniSad meM cAra bheda isa prakAra hai :472 (1) antaHprajJa; (2) bahiHprajJa; (3) ubhayaprajJa; aura (4) avaacy| kaThopaniSad meM bhI AtmA ke nimna tIna bheda kiye gae haiM :473 (1) jJAnAtmA; (2) mahadAtmA; aura (3) shaantaatmaa| 466 mokSapAhuDa 5, 8, 6, 10 evaM 11 / 470 'etmnnmymaatmaanmupsNkrmy| etaM prANamayamAtmAnamupasaMkramya rAtaM manomayamAtmAnamupasaMkramya ___ vijJAnamamAtmAnamupasaMkramya etamAnandamayamAtmAnamupasaMkramya / / ' -auttarIyopaniSad bhRguvallItta;3-10-6 / 471 chAndogya upaniSada, 308, 7-12 / 472 'nAntaH prajJaM na bahiH prajJaMnobhayataH prajJaM na prajJAnadhanaM na prajJAnAprajJama / adRSTamavyavahAryamagrAsya-malakSaNa cintyamavyapadezyamekAtmapratyaya sAraM / / prapaMcopazamaM zAntaM zivaM advaitaM caturthaM manyate sa AtmA sa vijJeyaH // 7 // ' -mANDukyopaniSad / 473 'yacchedvAGmanasI pra-zastadyacchejjJAna Atmani / jJAnamAtmani mahati niyacchettadyacchecchAnta Atmani / / 3/13 / / -kaThopaniSad / Page #164 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 116 tulanAtmaka dRSTi se jJAnAtmA ko bahirAtmA, mahadAtmA ko antarAtmA aura zAntAtmA ko paramAtmA kahA jA sakatA hai| jainadarzana meM mokSaprAbhRta74, niyamasAra'75, rayaNasAra 76, yogasAra 77, kArtikeyAnuprekSA 78 Adi jaina granthoM meM bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA ke rUpa meM AtmA ke tIna prakAra svIkAra kiye gae haiN| jJAna ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se AtmA kI ye tInoM avasthAe~ kramazaH (1) mithyAdarzI AtmA; (2) samyagdarzI AtmA; aura (3) sarvadarzI AtmA ke rUpa meM mAnI jA sakatI haiN| sAdhanA kI dRSTi se inheM kramazaH isa prakAra bhI kaha sakate haiM.76 : (1) patita avasthA; (2) sAdhaka avasthA; aura (3) siddhaavsthaa| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne naitikatA ke AdhAra para apekSA bheda se AtmA kI tIna avasthAoM ko nimna prakAra se ullikhita kiyA hai : (1) anaitikatA kI avasthA; (2) naitikatA kI avasthA; aura (3) atinaitikatA kI avsthaa| prathama avasthAvAlA vyakti durAtmA yA durAcArI hai; vaha bahirmukha hai| sadAcArI yA mahAtmA dUsarI avasthA hai| ise antarAtmA bhI kahA jAtA hai| AdarzAtmA yA paramAtmA-yaha tIsarI avasthA hai|60 __ jainadarzana meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke guNasthAna siddhAnta kI dRSTi se pahale se tIsare guNasthAna taka bahirAtmA kI avasthA hai| caturtha se bArahaveM guNasthAna taka kI avasthA antarAtmA hai aura terahavAM evaM caudahavAM guNasthAna paramAtmadazA kA sUcaka hai| 475 474 mokSaprAbhRta 4 / 45 niyamasAra 146-50 / 775 rayaNasAra 141 / 477 "ti payAro appA muNahi paru aMtaru bahirappu / para jAyahi aMtara sahiu bAhiru cayahi NimaMtu / / 6 / / ' -yogasAra / 478 'jIvA havaMti tivihA, bahirappA taha ya aMtarappA ya / paramappA vihaMya duvihA, arahaMtA taha ya siddhA ya / / 162 / / ' -svAmIkArtikeyAnuprekSA / 476 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 2 pRSTha 447-48 / ___-DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / 480 vahI Page #165 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 120 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA paM. sukhalAlajI ke anusAra AtmA kI ye tIna avasthAe~ nimna prakAra se haiM : (1) AdhyAtmika avikAsa kI avasthA; (2) AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI avasthA; aura (3) AdhyAtmika pUrNatA arthAt mokSa kI avsthaa| AcArAMgasUtra meM bhI trividha AtmA ke lakSaNoM kI vivecanA kI gaI hai|82 jainadarzana meM ina trividha avasthAoM ke svarUpa lakSaNa Adi kI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM ina trividha avasthAoM kA sodAharaNa vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki bahirAtmA se antarAtmA taka kaise pahuMcA jA sakatA hai? donoM meM kyA antara hai? paramAtmA banane kA upAya kyA hai Adi praznoM kA vistRta vivecana milatA hai| AtmA kI vaha kaunasI sthitiyA~ haiM, jo sAdhaka ko paramAtmadazA taka pahu~cane meM bAdhaka yA sAdhaka haiM? AtmA ko paramAtmA banane meM sabase bar3A avarodhaka tattva usakI viSayonmukhatA yA bahirmukhatA hai| viSaya-vikAra tathA rAga-dveSajanya vibhAvadazA meM nimagna AtmA bahirmukhI hotI hai| usakI viSayAsakti use paramAtmA to kyA antarAtmA bhI nahIM banane detI hai| bahirmukhI AtmA paramAtmadazA se vimukha rahatI hai| ataH jainadarzana kA sandeza hai ki sAdhaka bahirmukhatA ko tyAgakara antarAtmA arthAt AtmAbhimukha bne| AtmAbhimukha sAdhaka hI anta meM paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| bahirAtmA se antarAtmadazA kI ora abhimukha hone kA sarvaprathama lakSaNa hai - AtmA aura zarIra kA bhedajJAna arthAt yaha zarIra anya hai, AtmA anya hai| Avazyakaniyukti meM kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka apanI tattvabuddhi ke dvArA duHkha evaM klezajanaka zarIra kI mamatA kA tyAga 481 (ka) 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 2 pR. 447-48 - 'darzana aura cintana' pR. 276-277; - 'jainadharma' pR. 147 -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / (kha) mokSapAhuDa 5/6/12 / ndha adhyayana 3-5 / 483 vizeSAvazyakabhASya gA. 1211-14 / Page #166 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza kare / 484 sAdhaka ko bahirAtmA se antarAtmA aura antarAtmA se paramAtmA kI prApti ke lie prayatna karanA cAhiye / isa sambandha meM agrima adhyAyoM meM hama vistAra se carcA kareMge / 1.11.2 Agama sAhitya aura trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNAe~ (ka) AcArAMga aura trividha AtmA paravartI jainAcAryoM ne AtmavikAsa kI dRSTi se AtmA kI tIna avasthAoM kA vistRta vivecana prastuta kiyA hai aura AdhyAtmika dRSTi se AtmA ke nimna tIna bheda svIkAra kiye haiM : (1) bahirAtmA; (2) antarAtmA; aura (3) paramAtmA / kintu arddhamAgadhI aura zaurasenI AgamoM meM hameM isa prakAra kA koI vargIkaraNa upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / 485 121 -485 jaina sAhitya meM AtmA ke ina tIna prakAroM kA ullekha sarvaprathama mokSaprAbhRta (mokkhapAhuDa) meM AcArya kundakunda ne kiyA hai| AcArAMgasUtra jaise prAcIna Agama meM bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA jaise zabdoM kA prayoga spaSTa rUpa se nahIM huA hai / phira bhI ina tIna prakAra kI AtmAoM ke lakSaNoM kA vivecana usameM bhI upalabdha ho jAtA hai / AcArAMgasUtra meM bahirmukhI AtmA ko bAla, manda aura mUr3ha ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| ye AtmAe~ mamatva se yukta hotI haiM evaM bAhya viSaya-vikAroM meM anurakta hotI 484 'anaM imaM sarIraM, anno jIvutti evaM kaya buddhi / duHkha - parikilesa karaM, chidaM mamatA sarIrAo / / 1547 / / ' makkhapAhu 4 / - Avazyakaniyukti / Page #167 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 122 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA haiN|86 antarmukhI AtmA ko paNDita, meghAvI, dhIra, samatvadarzI aura ananyadarzI ke nAma se citrita kiyA gayA hai| ananyadarzI zabda usakI antarmukhatA ko spaSTa kara detA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM antarAtmA ke lie muni zabda kA bhI prayoga huA hai| AcArAMgasUtra ke anusAra jina logoM ne saMsAra ke svarUpa ko jAnakara bAhyapravRtti (lokeSaNA) kA tyAga kara diyA hai, jo samyagdarzI (pApavirata) haiM, ve antarAtmA haiN| isI prakAra AcArAMgasUtra meM paramAtmA yA muktAtmA kA vivecana bhI upalabdha hai| ise vimukta pAragAmI evaM tarka aura vANI se agamya batAyA gayA hai|488 (kha) bhagavatIsUtra kI aSTavidha AtmA kI avadhAraNA se trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kI tulanA bhagavatIsUtra 86 meM varNita aSTavidha AtmAoM kA trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA se sambandha dekhane para yaha jJAta hotA hai ki dravyAtmA, upayogAtmA, jJAnAtmA, darzanAtmA, cAritrAtmA aura vIryAtmA - ina cha: prakAra kI AtmAoM kI sattA siddhaparamAtmA meM mAnI jA sakatI hai; kyoMki Atmadravya aura usakA upayoga lakSaNa to paramAtmA meM bhI hai hii| isake atirikta siddhaparamAtmA meM anantacatuSTaya arthAt anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIrya kI sattA bhI svIkAra kI gaI hai| inameM anantajJAna kA 486 AcArAMgasUtra 5/8, 10, 11 / 487 vahI 5/6 / 488 vahI 5/6, 12 / 486 (ka) bhagavatIsUtra 12/10/467 / (kha) 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 1 pR. 230 / -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / Page #168 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 123 sambandha jJAnAtmA se, anantadarzana kA sambandha darzanAtmA se, anantasukha kA sambandha cAritrAtmA se aura anantavIrya kA sambandha vIryAtmA se hai| yadyapi kriyArUpa cAritra aura puruSArtharUpa vIrya kA siddhoM meM abhAva hotA hai; kintu doSanivRttirUpa cAritra tathA sattArUpa vIrya to hotA hI hai| jahA~ taka yogAtmA aura kaSAyAtmA kA prazna hai, siddha paramAtmA meM ina donoM kA abhAva hotA hai kyoMki siddha azarIrI haiN| unameM mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRttirUpa tInoM yoga aura kaSAya kA abhAva hotA hai| ___arihanta paramAtmA meM aSTavidha AtmAoM meM se kaSAyAtmA ko chor3akara zeSa sAtoM hI AtmAe~ pAI jAtI haiN| kyoMki arihanta sazarIrI haiM; isalie unameM dravyAtmA, upayogAtmA, jJAnAtmA, darzanAtmA, cAritrAtmA aura vIryAtmA ke sAtha-sAtha yogAtmA bhI hotI hai| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki arahanta kI do avasthAe~ hotI haiM : sayogIkevalI aura ayogiikevlii| unameM se ayogIkevalI avasthA jo atyanta alpakAlika hai; usameM yoga kA abhAva hone se zeSa SaDvidha AtmA kI hI sattA hotI hai| ___aSTavidha AtmA kI avadhAraNA aura antarAtmA ke sambandha ko lekara vicAra kareM to aSTavidha AtmAoM meM antarAtmA kI apekSA bheda se kabhI AThoM AtmAoM kI to kabhI sAta AtmAoM kI sattA mAnI jA sakatI hai| guNasthAna siddhAnta ke AdhAra para antarAtmA ko caturtha aviratasamyagdRSTi guNasthAna se lekara bArahaveM kSINamoha guNasthAna taka mAnA gayA hai| isameM se gyArahaveM upazAntamoha guNasthAna meM kaSAya kA udaya to nahIM hotA hai; kintu upazama zreNI ke kAraNa kaSAya kI sattA to hotI hai| ataH gyArahaveM guNasthAnavartI AtmA meM udaya kI apekSA se sAta aura sattA kI apekSA se AThoM AtmA hotI haiN| bArahaveM guNasthAnavartI antarAtmA meM sAta hI AtmAoM kI sattA hogii| cauthe se lekara dasaveM sUkSmasamparAya Page #169 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 124 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA guNasthAna taka kaSAyoM kI sattA rahI huI hai| cAhe unakI tIvratA Adi meM bheda ho phira bhI unakI sattA hone ke kAraNa cauthe se lekara dasaveM guNasthAna taka kaSAyAtmA kI sattA ko svIkAra karanA pdd'egaa| ataH antarAtmA meM AThoM hI AtmA kI sattA hotI hai| yahA~ yaha prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki caturtha guNasthAnavartI aviratasamyagdRSTi AtmA meM samyakcAritra kA abhAva hotA hai, ataH usameM cAritrAtmA kI sattA kaise mAnI jaay| kintu yahA~ dhyAna rakhane yogya hai ki cAritrAtmA kA yaha kathana cAritra guNa kI apekSA se hI hai; ataH aviratasamyagdRSTi AtmA meM mithyAdRSTirUpa cAritra kI sattA rahI huI hai| dUsare yaha ki aviratasamyagdRSTi AtmA bhI kama se kama anantAnubandhI kaSAya kA upazama karatI hI hai| ataH usakI apekSA se usameM AMzika cAritra bhI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra antarAtmA meM caturtha guNasthAna se lekara dasaveM guNasthAna taka AThoM hI AtmA kI sattA svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai| jahA~ taka bahirAtmA kA cintana hai usameM AThoM hI AtmA kI sattA rahI huI hai| yaha satya hai ki bahirmukha AtmA meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra aura samyaktaparUpa vIrya kA abhAva hai tathA yaha bhI satya hai ki usameM jJAna, darzanAdi guNoM kA pUrNarUpa meM prakaTana bhI nahIM hai| phira bhI usameM mithyAjJAna, mithyAcAritra aura mithyApuruSArtha to rahA huA hI hai| sAtha hI usameM dravyAtmA, upayogAtmA aura kaSAyAtmA kI bhI sattA hai| zarIra hone se tInoM yoga bhI haiN| ataH yogAtmA kI bhI sattA usameM svIkAra karanI hogii| isa prakAra bahirAtmA meM bhagavatIsUtra meM varNita AThoM hI AtmAe~ pAI jAtI haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM aSTavidha AtmAoM kI mukhyarUpa se yaha carcA Atmadravya aura AtmapayArya kI apekSA se hI hai| isameM kaSAyarUpa Page #170 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSaya praveza 125 paryAya aura yogarUpa paryAya kramazaH baddha sazarIrI AtmAoM meM hI hotI hai| ___jainadarzana meM koI bhI dravya paryAyavihIna nahIM hotaa| ataH paryAyoM kI sattA to saMsArI aura siddha donoM prakAra kI AtmAoM meM hotI hai| mAtra antara yaha hai ki arhanta aura siddha meM svabhAva rUpa paryAya hotI haiM, jabaki saMsArI AtmA meM svabhAvarUpa aura vibhAvarUpa donoM hI paryAya hotI haiN| kaSAya AtmA mAtra vibhAvadazA kI sUcaka hai| arhanta aura siddha paramAtmA meM tathA bArahaveM guNasthAnavartI antarAtmA meM kaSAya AtmA kA abhAva hotA hai| sazarIrI jIvoM meM ayogIkevalI guNasthAnavI jIvoM ko chor3akara zeSa prathama se lekara terahaveM guNasthAna taka yogAtmA kI sattA bhI hotI hai| prathama mithyAtva guNasthAna se lekara dasaveM sUkSmasamparAya guNasthAna taka to AThoM hI AtmAoM kI sattA rahI huI hai| trividha AtmA kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM, to bahirAtmA meM bhagavatIsUtra meM pratipAdita ina AThoM hI AtmA kI sattA rahatI hai| jahA~ taka antarAtmA kA prazna hai, caturtha guNasthAnavartI jaghanya antarAtmA meM tathA pA~caveM se dasaveM guNasthAnavartI madhyama antarAtmA meM bhI AThoM hI AtmA kI sattA rahatI hai| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki bahirAtmA aura antarAtmAoM meM svabhAva aura vibhAva donoM hI paryAya pAI jAtI haiN| bArahaveM guNasthAnavartI utkRSTa antarAtmA meM tathA terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNasthAnavartI paramAtmA meM vibhAvarUpa paryAya kA abhAva hotA hai| sayogIkevalI paramAtmA ke jJAna, darzana aura cAritra rUpa paryAya pUrNataH zuddha aura nirAvaraNa hote haiN| ayogI kevalI paramAtmA meM yogAtmA aura kaSAyAtmA kA abhAva hotA hai| zeSa chaH AtmarUpa paryAyeM nirAvaraNa rUpa hote haiN| Page #171 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 126 _462 AcArAMgasUtra 40, bhagavatIsUtra *" Adi prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM prakArAntara se ina tInoM avasthAoM kA anya nAmoM se prakIrNa ullekha mila jAtA hai / phira bhI AtmA ke isa trividha vargIkaraNa kA pramukha zreya to AcArya kundakunda * ko hI jAtA hai / digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparA ke paravartI AcAryoM ne unhIM kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| svAmI kArtikeya svAmI kArtikeya 463, yogIndudeva 464, pUjyapAda *95 amRtacandra*e8 465 } .466 zubhacandrAcArya467, guNabhadra , hemacandra 466 amitagati, devasena", brahmadeva", Anandaghana103, devacandra aura yazovijaya' Adi sabhI ne AtmA ke tIna prakAroM kA apanI-apanI racanAoM meM ullekha kiyA hai| prastuta gaveSaNA meM hama isa sambandha meM vistAra se carcA karegeM / 461 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 505 460 AcArAMgasUtra meM mUr3ha, paNDita, dhIra, anyadarzI ke prakIrNa ullekha haiM / bhagavatIsUtra meM ATha AtmAoM kA ullekha hai / 462 mokkhapAhuDa gA. 4 ( niyamasAra gA. 146 - 50 ) / 463 svAmI kArtikeyAnuprekSA gA. 162 / 464 paramAtmaprakAza 13 14, 15 evaM yogasAra 6 / / / adhyAya 1 samApta / / 465 samAdhitaMtra gA. 4-5 / 466 yogazAstra dvAdazaprakAza 6 / 467 jJAnArNava gA. 5 / 468 466 500 yogasAra prAbhRta gA. 34, 36, 40 evaM 41 / 501 ArAdhanAsAra 85 / 502 brahmavilAsa, paramAtma chattIsI pR. 227 / 503 AnandaghanagranthAvalI pada 67 evaM sumati jina stavana / 504 vicAratnasAra prazna 178 (dhyAnadIpikA catuSpadI 4, 8, 7 ) / 505 adhyAtmaparIkSA 125 / samayasAra nATaka gA. 10/85-86 / AtmAnuzAsanam zloka 162-63 pR. 184 se 166 / , 504 Page #172 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ adhyAya 2 aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jainasAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ 2.1.1 aupaniSadikadarzana meM AtmA kI do avasthAe~ AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se AtmA kI vividha avasthAoM kA citraNa prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM meM huA hai| upaniSadkAlIna cintana meM AtmA ke do rUpoM kI carcA prAyaH upalabdha hotI hai : 9 ye donoM sthitiyA~ kramazaH bhautikavAdI jIvanadRSTi aura AdhyAtmika jIvanadRSTi jIvanadRSTi kI paricAyaka mAnI jAtI haiM / manovaijJAnikadRSTi se inheM hama (1) bahirmukhI vyaktitva; aura (2) antarmukhI vyaktitva aise do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiN| ina donoM prakAra kI jIvanadRSTiyoM ko IzAvAsyopaniSad meM (1) avidyA; aura (2) vidyA ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA. hai 1 gItA', jise upaniSadoM kA sAratattva kahA jAtA hai, inheM kRSNapakSI aura zuklapakSI ke rUpa meM abhihita karatI hai / lakSaNa kI dRSTi se hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki bahiH prajJa vaha hai jo zarIrAdi bhautika vastuoM se apanA tAdAtmya sthApita kara unameM mamatvabuddhi rakhatA hai aura unhIM se jur3akara jIvana vyatIta karatA hai| jabaki antaHprajJa use kahA jAtA hai jo AtmA ko hI mukhyatA pradAna karatA hai aura jisakI jIvanadRSTi antarmukhI hotI hai / usakA prayAsa AtmA ko jAnane aura jIne kA rahatA hai| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki (1) bahiHprajJa aura (2) antaHprajJa / 'zuklakRSNe gatI yete jagataH zAzvate mate / ekayA yAtyanAvRttimanyayAvartate punaH / / 26 / / ' - gItA 8 Page #173 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 125 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA mANDUkyopaniSada' meM isI AdhAra para AtmA kI cAra avasthAoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai - (1) antaHprajJa; (2) bahiHprajJa; (3) ubhayaHprajJa; aura (4) avaacy| usameM zuddhAtmA kA citraNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki yaha AtmA na to antaHprajJa hai, na bahiHprajJa hai, aura na ubhayaprajJa hai| vastutaH ise prajJaH yA aprajJaH kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA - vaha adRSTa hai, avyavahArya hai, usakA koI lakSaNa bhI nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vaha aciMtya evaM apradezya hai| vaha eka aisI avasthA hai jahA~ samasta vikalpa (prapaMca) upazAnta ho jAte haiN| vaha zivatva (kalyANakArI) evaM advaya kI avasthA hai| vahI AtmA vijJeya yA jAnane yogya hai| yadyapi yahA~ mANDUkyopaniSad AtmA ke sandarbha meM antaHprajJaH, bahiHprajJaH aura ubhayaHprajJaH - ina tInoM sthitiyoM kA niSedha karate hue use aciMtya aura avAcya batAtA hai, kintu usakA yaha vivaraNa zuddha AtmadRSTi ko lekara hai| isa prakAra ke vivaraNa jainadarzana meM bhI AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM meM milate haiN| AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai ki yaha AtmA na jIvasthAna hai, na guNasthAna hai aura na mArgaNAsthAna hai, kyoMki ye sabhI karmajanya daihika sthitiyoM meM hI ghaTita hote haiN| zuddha AtmadRSTi se ina avasthAoM ko AtmA meM ghaTita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI apekSA se AtmA kI ina vibhinna avasthAoM ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| mANDUkyopaniSadkAra ne yahA~ jo niSedha kiyA hai use pAramArthika dRSTi se hI samajhanA caahiye| vyavahArika dRSTi se to usameM bahiHprajJa, antaHprajJa aura ubhayaHprajJa - ina tIna avasthAoM ko svIkAra kiyA hI gayA hai| inameM bhI ubhayaHprajJaH eka saMyukta sthiti hai| mUla meM to do hI haiM - bahiHprajJa aura aNtHprjny| inheM hI gItA meM kRSNapakSI aura zuklapakSI kahA gayA hai| eka anya apekSA se inheM samyagdRSTi aura mithyAdRSTi bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| 'nAntaH prajJaM na bahiHprajJaM nobhayataH prajJaM na prajJAnaghanaM na prajJaM nAprajJam / adRSTamavyavahAryamagrAhyamalakSaNamacintyamavyapadezyamekAtmapratyayaM sAraM, prapaMcopazamaM zAntaM zivaM advaitaM caturthaM manyate sa AtmA sa vijJeyaH' niyamasAra (zuddhabhAvAdhikAra) gA. 146-51 / -mANDUkyopaniSad 7 / Page #174 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ kaThopaniSad meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se AtmA kI tIna avasthAoM kA ullekha milatA hai : kintu ye tInoM avasthAe~ AtmA kI jJAnazakti kI apekSA se hI mAnI jAtI haiM / yahA~ jJAnAtmA ke rUpa meM usa AtmA kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai jo indriyAdi ke mAdhyama se unake viSayoM kA grahaNakara unheM jAnatI hai / mahadAtmA vastutaH bauddhika AtmA hai aura zAntAtmA zuddhAtmA yA muktAtmA hai| vaise AtmA kI ina tIna avasthAoM kA sambandha bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA ke sAtha isa rUpa meM mAnA jA sakatA hai ki jJAnAtmA bahirAtmA, mahadAtmA antarAtmA evaM zAntAtmA paramAtmA hai / chAndogyopaniSad' ke AdhAra para DAyasana ne AtmA kI tIna avasthAoM kA citraNa kiyA hai : (1) zarIrAtmA; (2) jIvAtmA; aura (3) paramAtmA / vastutaH yahA~ zarIrAtmA se yaha tAtparya usa AtmA se hai jo zarIra ko hI AtmA mAnatI hai / yaha vastutaH bahirAtmA kA hI rUpa hai / jIvAtmA antarAtmA kI paricAyaka hai aura paramAtmA ko jainadarzana ke paramAtmA ke hI samAna mAnA jA sakatA hai 1 siddhAntataH aupaniSadika aura jaina cintana meM paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko lekara kiMcit matabheda hai| yahA~ hama kevala sAmAnya tulanAtmaka dRSTi se hI vicAra kara rahe haiM / 4 (1) jJAnAtmA; (2) mahadAtmA; aura (3) zAntAtmA / taittirIyopaniSad' meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se paMcakoSoM kI carcA milatI hai| ye paMcakoza nimna haiM : 5 6 (1) annamayakoza; (3) manomayakoza; (5) Anandamayakoza | ' yacchedvAGmanasI prAjJastadyacchejjJAna Atmani / jJAnamAtmani mahati niyacchettadyacchecchAnta Atmani / ' 126 (2) prANamayakoza; (4) vijJAnamayakoza; aura chAndogyopaniSad 308, 7-12 (uddhRta paramAtmaprakAza prastAvanA pR. 107 ) / taittirIyopanizad 3/10 / - kaThopaniSad 13 / Page #175 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 130 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA inameM annamayakoza jIva kI vaha avasthA hai jisameM vaha zarIra ko hI saba kucha mAnakara jIvana jItA hai| daihika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti usakA lakSya hotA hai| isake pazcAt prANamayakoza kI sthiti AtI hai| isameM AtmA aindrika evaM jaivika zaktiyoM ko hI mahattva detI hai| usake lie prANazakti hI pramukha hotI hai| jainadarzana meM dazaprANoM kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| ve nimna haiM : (1) sparzendriya; (2) rasanendriya; (3) ghrANendriya; (4) cakSurindriya; (5) zrotrendriya; (6) AyuSya; (7) zvAsocchavAsa; (8) manobala; (E) vacanabala; aura (10) kAyabala praann| vastutaH prANamayakoza meM sthita AtmA prANazakti ko sarvasva mAnakara jIvana jItA hai| prANamayakoza kA atikramaNa karake AtmA manomayakoza ko prApta karatI hai| isa stara para AtmA mana ke adhIna rahakara jItI hai| manomayakoza meM mana kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| annamayakoza, prANamayakoza aura manomayakoza - ye tInoM hI vastutaH bahirAtmA ke hI paricAyaka haiN| manomayakoza ke Upara vijJAnamayakoza hai| manomayakoza vAsanAtmaka jIvana kA paricAyaka hai; jabaki vijJAnamayakoza vivekAtmaka jIvana kA paricAyaka hai| isa stara para AtmA vivekapUrvaka jIvana jItI hai| vijJAnamayakoza kI tulanA hama antarAtmA se kara sakate haiN| vijJAnamayakoza ke pazcAt Anandamayakoza kA sthAna hai| vijJAnamayakoza taka vikalpa upasthita rahate haiM, kintu Anandamayakoza meM AtmA samasta vikalpoM kA atikramaNa karake nirvikalpa AtmAnanda kI anubhUti karatI hai| jainadarzana meM ise paramAtmA kahA gayA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra bhI paramAtmA ko ananta sukhoM meM lIna mAnA jAtA hai| yaha AtmA kI sarvocca sthiti hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki cAhe upaniSadoM meM bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA ke rUpa meM spaSTataH trividha AtmAoM kA ullekha na huA ho, kintu hama upaniSadoM meM varNita AtmA kI vibhinna avasthAoM kA kisI bhI rUpa se vivecana kareM to unake mUla meM kahIM na kahIM AtmA kI ye trividha avasthAe~ rahI huI haiN| vastutaH cAhe hama mANDUkyopaniSad ke AdhAra para bahiHprajJa aura antaHprajJa tathA avAcya sthiti ko mAneM, cAhe hama Page #176 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ chAndogyopaniSad ke AdhAra para zarIrAtmA, jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA ke trividha vargIkaraNa ko svIkAra kareM yA taittirIyopaniSad ke AdhAra para annamayakoza, prANamayakoza, manomayakoza, vijJAnamayakoza aura Anandamayakoza aisI pAMca avasthAoM ko svIkAra kareM; siddhAntataH ve jainadarzana meM varNita AtmA kI trividha avasthAoM se bhinna nahIM haiM / - paMcakoza : upaniSadoM meM vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI apekSA se paMcakozoM kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| paMcakoza nimnAMkita haiM : (1) annamayakoza; 2) prANamayakoza; (3) manomayakoza; (5) Anandamayakoza / (4) vijJAnamayakoza aura 7 yahA~ koza se tAtparya cetanA yA AtmA kI jIvanadRSTi se hai / (1) annamayakoza : jaba taka cetanA yA jIvana-UrjA dehabhAva taka hI sImita rahatI hai, use annamayakoza kahate haiM / annamayakoza kI jIvanadRSTi dehAtmabhAva kI avasthA hai / usake lie yaha sthUla zarIra hI mahattvapUrNa hotA hai / vaha daihika stara para jIvana jItA hai| annamayakoza daihikasattA yA daihikazakti kA sUcaka hai / (2) prANamayakoza : annamayakoza ke Upara prANamayakoza kI sthiti hai| prANamayakoza jIvanazakti kA sUcaka hai / isa avasthA meM vyakti aindrika anubhUtiyoM aura saMvedanAoM ke stara para hI jItA hai| jaina- paramparA meM pAMcoM indriyoM, mana, vacana, zarIra, AyuSya aura zvasanazakti ko hI prANa kahA gayA hai / yahA~ prANa zabda jIvanadAyinI zakti kA hI sUcaka hai / hamAre zarIra aura indriyoM meM jo kAryazakti upasthita hai, vahI prANamayakoza hai| zarIra aura indriyoM kI jaivika zakti prANa hai| prANa mAtra zvasana, indriyA~ yA mana nahIM hai / vastutaH ina sabake bhItara jo kArya sAmarthya rahI huI hai vahI prANa hai / saMkSepa meM kaheM to prANa I 'etamannamayamAtmAnamupasaMkramya / etaM prANamayamAtmAnamupasaMkramyA etaM manomayamAtmAnamupasaMkramya / etaM vijJAnamayAmAtmAnamupasaMkramya / etamAnandamayamAtmAnamupasaMkramya / ' 131 - taittirIyopanizad, bhRguvallI, 3/10/6 / Page #177 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 132 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA jIvanazakti hai| isa stara para vyakti indriya-saMvedanAoM ke AdhAra para jItA hai| (3) manomayakoza : prANamayakoza ke Upara manomayakoza hai| manomayakoza vicAra yA vivekazakti kA sUcaka hai| vicArazIlatA hI manomayakoza kA pramukha kArya hai| isa stara para vyakti kI pratyeka kriyA vivekapUrNa hotI hai| mana indriyoM ke adhIna na hokara unakA svAmI hotA hai| prANamayakoza ke stara para mana indriyoM aura zArIrika saMvedanAoM se saMcAlita hotA hai; jabaki manomayakoza ke stara para mana indriyoM aura zarIra kA niyantraka yA anuzAsaka hotA hai| (4) vijJAnamayakoza : caturthakoza vijJAnamayakoza hai| yahA~ cetanA zarIra, indriyoM aura mana se Upara uThI huI hotI hai| yaha sajaga evaM vivekazIla cetanA kA stara hai| isa stara para AtmA zarIra, indriyoM aura mana se apane pRthaktva kI anubhUti karatI hai aura usakI vivekazakti zarIra, indriya aura mana se aprabhAvita rahatI hai| yaha vizuddha cetanA kI avasthA hai| ise jainadarzana meM apramatta avasthA kahA jA sakatA hai| (5) Anandamayakoza : vijJAnamayakoza ke Upara Anandamayakoza kI sthiti hai| yaha AtmasAkSAtkAra kI avasthA hai| isa stara para samasta vicAra aura vikalpa bhI vilaya ho jAte haiN| vyakti Atmika Ananda meM nimagna rahatA hai| yaha avasthA pUrNataH samAdhi kI avasthA hai| ise hI upaniSadoM meM turIyAvasthA bhI kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra upaniSadoM meM varNita ye paMcakoza AtmA ke uttarottara AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke hI sUcaka haiN| eka anya apekSA se inheM dehAtmavAda, indriyAtmavAda, manaHAtmavAda, vijJAnAtmavAda yA zuddhAtmavAda kahA jA sakatA hai| vastutaH inake mAdhyama se hI vyakti apanI AdhyAtmika vikAsayAtrA ko sampanna karatA hai| AcArya zrIrAma zarmA ne annamayakoza ko zarIra evaM indriyajanya cetanA kahA hai| unhoMne prANamayakoza ko jIvanazakti, manomayakoza ko vaicArika yA bauddhikazakti, vijJAnamayakoza ko zuddha cetanasattA aura Page #178 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ 133 Anandamayakoza ko Atmabodha kI avasthA mAnA hai| inameM annamayakoza aura prANamayakoza bahirAtmA ke sUcaka haiN| manomayakoza aura vijJAnamayakoza antarAtmA ke sUcaka haiM aura Anandamayakoza paramAtmadazA kA sUcaka hai| isa prakAra paMcakozoM kI yaha avadhAraNA trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA se pUrNataH saMgati rakhatI hai| 2.1.2 aupaniSadika cintana meM nidrA, svapna, aura turIya avasthAe~ jainadarzana meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se AtmA kI vibhinna avasthAoM ke vividha vargIkaraNa upalabdha hote haiN| isameM AtmA ke dvividha vargIkaraNa bhI aneka dRSTiyoM se kiye gaye haiN| jaise saMsArI aura siddha, samyagdRSTi aura mithyAdRSTi, virata aura avirata, pramatta aura apramatta, sakaSAya aura akaSAya, upazAntamoha aura kSINamoha, sayogIkevalI aura ayogIkevalI aadi| virata-avirata, bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA; inameM bhI mukhya rUpa se pramatta aura apramatta vargIkaraNa atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha vargIkaraNa prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| aupaniSadika cintana meM pramatta aura apramatta ke samakakSa jo vivaraNa upalabdha hai, usameM pramatta AtmA ko suSupta aura apramatta AtmA ko jAgrata kahA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM jAgrata, svapna aura suSupti trividha vargIkaraNa aura jAgrata, svapna, suSupti aura turIya aisA - caturvidha vargIkaraNa bhI upalabdha hotA hai| samyagdRSTi aura mithyAdRSTi ke samarUpa gItA aura bauddha granthoM meM kRSNapakSIya aura zuklapakSIya - aisA dvividha vargIkaraNa bhI milatA hai| eka anya apekSA se supta aura jAgrata bhI kahA jAtA hai| aupaniSadika cintana meM AtmA kI nimna cAra avasthAe~ bahucarcita haiM : (1) jAgrata; (2) svapna; (3) suSupti; aura (4) turiiy| Page #179 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA mANDUkyopaniSad evaM sarvasAropAniSad meM inhIM avasthAoM ke viziSTa ullekha haiN| yogavAsiSTha" meM bhI AtmA kI ina avasthAoM kI carcA prApta hotI hai; kintu prAcIna jainAgamoM meM jAgrata, svapna, suSupti evaM turIya ina cAroM avasthAoM kA spaSTa ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai| AcArAMgasUtra" meM jAgrata evaM suSupti ( prasupta ) - ina do avasthAoM kA citraNa avazya parilakSita hotA hai / usameM ajJAnI ko supta evaM jJAnI ko jAgrata kahA gayA hai| prakArAntara se pramatta AtmA ko supta aura apramatta ko jAgrata kahA jAtA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne mokSaprAbhRta meM AcArya pUjyapAda ne samAdhizataka meM aura paramAtmaprakAza meM suSupta aura jAgrata ina do avasthAoM kI carcA kI hai| gItA" meM bhI ina do avasthAoM kA vivaraNa prApta 134 8 6 10 99 12 13 15 - jo jaggadi vavahAre so sutto appaNo kajje // / ' 'vyavahAre suSupto yaH sa jAgartyAtmagocare / jAgarti vyavahAre'smin suSupto zcAtmagocare / / ' 14 'jA Nisi sayalahaM dehiyahaM joggiu tahiM jaggei / mANDUkyopaniSad 2-12 / 'mana Adi caturdazakaraNaiH puSkalairAdityAdyanugRhItaiH zabdAdInviSayAn sthUlAnyadopalabhate tadAtmano jAgaraNaM, tadvAsanA rahitazcaturbhiH karaNaiH zabdAdyAbhAve'pi vAsanAmayAnzabdAdInyadopalabhate tadAtmanaH svapnam / caturdazakaraNoparamAd vizeSavijJAnAbhAvAdyadAtadAtmanaH avasthAtraya bhAvAdbhAvasAkSi svayaM bhAvAbhAva rahitaM nairantarya caikyaM yadA suSuptam / / 1 / / tadA tuttarIyaM caitanyamityucyate'tra kAryANaM SaNNAM kozAnAM samUho 'tramayaH koza ityucyate / ' -sarvasAropaniSad 35 / 'jAgRtasvapna suSupatAkhyaM trayaM rUpaM hi cetasaH / / 36 / / ghoraM zAntaM mUDhaM ca AtmacitamihAsthitam / ghoraM jAgranmayaM cittaM zAntaM svapnamayaM sthitim / / 37 / / mUDhaM suSuptabhAvasthaM tribhirhInaM mRtaM bhavet / yacca cittaM mRtaM tatra sattvamekaM sthitaM samam / / 38 / / ahaM bhAvAnahaM bhAvau tyaktvA sadasatI tathA / yadasaktaM samaM svacchaM sthitaM tatturyamucyate / / 23 / / ' -yogavAsiSTha 6/1/124 ( uddhRta, yogavAsiSTha aura usake siddhAnta pR. 275- 78 ) / 'suttA amuNI muNiNo sayA jAgaranti, ' -AcArAMgasUtra 3/1/1 'jo jaggadi vavahAre so joiM jaggae sakajjambhi / - jahiM puNu jaggai sayalu jagu, sA Nisi muNivi suvei / / 46 / / ' 'yA nizA sarvabhUtAnAM tasyAM jAgarti saMyamI / yasyAM jAgrati bhUtAni, sA nizA pazyato muneH / / ' - mokSaprAbhRta gA. 31 / -samAdhitaMtra, zlo. 78 - paramAtmaprakAza 2 / - gItA 2/66 / Page #180 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ hotA hai / jainadarzana meM ina cAra avasthAoM kA vivecana sarvaprathama mallavAdI" ne dvAdazAranayacakra meM kiyA hai| ve cAra avasthAe~ isa prakAra haiM : jAgrata, svapna, suSupti aura turiiy| jainadarzana ke anusAra saMsArI jIvoM meM ye tIna avasthAe~ rahatI haiM : nidrA ( supta ); svapna aura jAgrata / inakI anubhUti pratidina vyavahAra meM hotI hai kyoMki saMsArI jIva karmaprakRtiyoM se Abaddha hotA hai / nidrA aura svapnadazA kA anubhava darzanAvaraNIya karma ke udaya se hotA hai / yogavAziSTha meM bhI ina tIna avasthAoM kA ullekha milatA hai / kintu AnandaghanajI ina cAra avasthAoM ko nimna prakAra se svIkAra karate haiM / 'nidrA supana ujAgaratA turIya avasthA AvI / nidrA supana dazA risANI, jANi na nAtha manAvI ho / / ' 16 arthAt ve kahate haiM ki paramAtmA ko nidrA, svapna, jAgrata aura ujAgara (turIya) ina cAra avasthAoM meM se ujAgara yA turIyAvasthA upalabdha hotI hai / jaina darzanAnusAra ujAgara kA artha kevala - jJAna-darzana kI avasthA hai / paramAtmA ko jaba ujAgaradazA prApta hotI hai, taba nidrA aura svapnAvasthAe~ samApta ho jAtI haiM athavA ye kupita hokara calI jAtI haiM / paramAtmA unheM kupita dekhakara bhI Azraya nahIM dete| nidrA zabda ke sthAna para upaniSad meM suSupta zabda kA prayoga huA hai / svapnAvasthA meM arddhanidrita aura arddhajAgrata avasthA rahatI hai| isameM zarIra sotA hai lekina mana jAgatA hai, jo svapna meM bhinna-bhinna kalpanAoM kI pratIti karavAtA hai / tIsarI jAgrata avasthA hai yaha AtmAnubhUti kI yA apramatta cetanA kI avasthA hai / jaba jIva apramatta yA jAgrata hotA hai taba vaha apane svabhAva arthAt jJAtAdraSTA bhAva meM sthira ho jAtA hai| cauthI avasthA turIya hai jise jaina dArzanikoM ne ujAgara avasthA 1 'tasya catasro'vasthA jAgrat supta, suSupta - turIyAnvarthAkhyAH etAzca bahudhA vyavatiSThate (tasyeti) tasya anantara pratipAdita caitanyatattvasyemAzcasrotastro'vasthAH jAgratasuptasuSuptaturIyAnavarthAkhyAH / jAgradavasthA, supta suSuptAvasthA, turIyAvasthA etAzcAnvarthAH / ' 135 - dvAdazAranayacakra, pR. 218 / 220 prathama vibhAga / Page #181 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 136 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kahA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra sampUrNataH jAgRti hI turIyAvasthA hai| kintu jAgrata aura ujAgara (turIya) avasthA meM antara hai| jAgratAvasthA antarmuhUrta se adhika sthAyI nahIM rahatI aura ujAgara (kevala-jJAna-darzana) avasthA prakaTa hone ke bAda sadaiva banI rahatI hai| yaha sahaja rUpa se hotI hai| vizaMtikA meM kahA gayA hai ki moha anAdi nidrA hai| svapnAvasthA bhavyabodhi pariNAma hai| jAgratadazA apramatta muniyoM kI hotI hai| yaha tIsarI avasthA hai| ujAgaradazA vItarAgI avasthA kI prApti hai| isa prakAra jainadarzana meM AtmA kI do aura tIna avasthA ke sAtha-sAtha cAra avasthAoM kA krama prakArAntara se upalabdha hotA hai| 1. upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ke anusAra cetanA kI cAra avasthAe~ upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne ina cAra avasthAoM ke guNasthAnoM kI dRSTi se cetanA kI nimna cAra avasthAe~ batAI haiN| (1) bahuzayana avasthA (ghora nidrA jaisI dazA); (2) zayana avasthA (svapnadazA); (3) jAgaraNa avasthA (jAgrata dazA); aura (4) bahujAgaraNa avasthA (sadaiva jAgane jaisI) hotI hai / bahuzayana avasthA pahale guNasthAna se lekara tIsare guNasthAna taka hotI hai| dUsarI zayana avasthA cauthe guNasthAna se lekara chaThe guNasthAna taka hotI hai| tIsarI jAgaraNa avasthA sAtaveM guNasthAna se lekara bArahaveM guNasthAna taka hotI hai| terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNasthAna meM cauthI bahujAgaraNa avasthA hotI hai| ataH jIva kI ye cAroM avasthAe~ AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI sUcaka haiN| jAgrata avasthA 17 'moho agAi niddA suvaNadasA bhavvebohi pariNAmo / apamatta muNI jAgara, jAgara, ujAgara vIyarAutti / / ' __ -vizaMtikA, uddhRta adhyAtmadarzana, pR. 407 / 18 'cAra che cetanAnI dazA, avitathA bajuzyana jAgaraNa cauthI tathA / miccha, avirata, suyata terame tehanI, Adi guNa ThANe nayacakramAMhe muNI / / 2 / / ' -350 gAthAnustavana, DhAla 16vIM / Page #182 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ 137 meM vyakti samasta padArthoM ko dekha sakatA hai| nidrA avasthA (suSupta avasthA) meM mAtra gaharI nidrA kI anubhUti hotI hai| svapna avasthA meM jo padArtha dekhe hue haiM, una padArthoM kA avalokana kara sakate haiN| jainadarzana meM turIyAvasthA ko ujAgara avasthA, bahujAgaraNa avasthA, kaivalya avasthA yA samAdhi avasthA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha turIya avasthA mAtra arihantoM evaM siddhoM meM pAI jAtI hai| kyoMki jaba jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanAvaraNIya karmoM kI sampUrNa prakRtiyoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai, taba ina karma-prakRtiyoM para AdhArita nidrA, svapna aura jAgrata ye tIna avasthAe~ bhI lupta hojAtI haiN| turIyAvasthA meM kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana se yukta hokara AtmA zuddha svabhAva meM lIna ho jAtI hai| vizuddhAvasthA meM vaha kevala jJAtAdraSTA-sAkSI bhAva meM jItA hai| 2. suSuptAvasthA meM caitanya kI anubhUti kaise hotI hai? nyAyavaizeSikadarzana evaM mImAMsAdarzana ke prabhAkara sampradAya ke anusAra suSuptAvasthA meM caitanya tattva kI anubhUti nahIM ho sakatI hai| unake anusAra suSuptAvasthA meM AtmA meM jJAna yA caitanya kA abhAva hotA hai| sAMkhyadarzana evaM mImAMsA ke kumArilabhaTTa sampradAya kI apekSA se suSuptAvasthA meM smRti to rahatI hai aura usa smRti ke binA anubhUti sambhava nahIM hai| jaise "maiM nizceSTa hokara so gayA thaa|" isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki suSupta avasthA meM bhI AtmA meM caitanya vidyamAna rahatA hai, - tabhI anubhUti rahatI hai| kintu mImAMsAdarzana kA prabhAkara sampradAya evaM nyAyavaizeSikadarzana uparyukta kathana se sahamata nahIM hai| jabaki jainiyoM kA mAnanA hai ki suSuptAvasthA meM darzanAvaraNIyakarma cetanA ko aise AvRtta kara lete haiM; jaise ghane bAdala sUrya ko AcchAdita kara lete haiN| phira bhI usakA prakAza guNa pUrNataH samApta nahIM hotA hai - dhuMdhalA prakAza to dikhAI detA hI hai| vaise hI nidrAkAla meM caitanya sUkSmarUpa se aura nirvikAra avasthA meM AtmA meM vidyamAna rahatA hai| ataH yaha siddha hotA hai ki suSuptAvasthA meM bhI cetanA vidyamAna rahatI hai; vaha naSTa t paMcadazI, 6/86-60 / Page #183 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 138 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA nahIM hotI hai kintu karmoM ke AvaraNa ke kAraNa dhUmila ho jAtI hai| suSuptAvasthA meM bhI vyakti ko sukhAnubhUti kA AsvAda rahatA hai aura jAgane ke bAda bhI aisA anubhava hotA hai ki "Aja maiM sukhapUrvaka soyaa|" aisA anubhava yaha siddha karatA hai ki suSupti avasthA meM bhI caitanya vidyamAna rahatA hai| suSupta avasthA meM cetanA sukha kA saMvedana karatI hai| tabhI to vyakti kahatA hai "maiM sukhapUrvaka soyaa|" yaha smRti siddha karatI hai ki suSuptAvasthA meM bhI cetanA naSTa nahIM hotI hai|" vaha vidyamAna rahatI hai| smRti yaha siddha karatI hai ki suSuptadazA meM AtmA meM caitanya vidyamAna rahatA hai| prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM prabhAcandra ne batAyA hai ki smRti jJAna ke abhAva meM nahIM hotii| suSupta avasthA meM smRti rahatI hai|22 nyAyavaizeSikoM ne AtmA meM jJAnaguNa kA abhAva mAnA hai| kintu cetana yA jJAna ke abhAva meM viSaya kI smRti kaise ho sakatI hai? yadi nyAyavezaiSika dArzanika suSupta avasthA meM AtmA meM jJAna kI sattA nahIM mAneMge to suSuptAvasthA kI smRti bhI siddha nahIM ho skegii|3 kyoMki nidrA ke sukha kA saMvedana cetanA yA jJAnaguNa ke binA sambhava nahIM hai| ataH AtmA jJAnasvarUpa hai yA jJAna AtmA kA svabhAva hai| vidyAnandI kA kahanA hai ki yadi AtmA ko ajJAnasvarUpa svIkAra karate haiM to AtmA acetana siddha ho jaayegii| isalie yaha mAnanA hogA ki suSupta avasthA meM AtmA meM caitanya vidyamAna rahatA hai| isI kAraNa se AtmA caitanyasvarUpa yA jJAnasvarUpa hai|4 2.2.1 bauddhadarzana meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI vibhinna avasthAe~ upaniSadoM ke samAna hI bauddhadarzana meM bhI AdhyAtmika vikAsa 20 nyAyakumudacandra, pR. 848; vivaraNaprameya saMgraha, pR. 60 / 2" nyAyakumudacandra, pR. 848; vivaraNaprameya saMgraha, pR. 60 / 22 prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR. 323 / nyAyakumudacandra, pR. 850 / 'jIvoM hyecetanaH kAye jIvatvAd bAhyadezavat / vaktumevaM samartho'nyaH kiM na syAjjaDa jIvavAk / / ' -tattvArthazlokavArtika 1/231 / Page #184 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ 136 kI vibhinna avasthAoM kA citraNa upalabdha hotA hai| bauddhadarzana mukhyarUpa se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai : (1) zrAvakayAna yA hInayAna; aura (2) buddhayAna yA mhaayaan| - hInayAna kA Adarza AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke dvArA arhat pada kI prApti hai, jabaki mahAyAna kA lakSya buddhatva kI prApti hai| ina donoM avadhAraNAoM meM mukhya antara yaha hai ki jahA~ hInayAna arhat pada kI prApti ke dvArA vyakti ke vaiyaktika nirvANa ko hI sAdhanA kA caramalakSya mAnatA hai, vahA~ mahAyAna kA lakSya buddhatva ko prApta karake lokamaMgala kI bhAvanA hai| mahAyAna kA sAdhaka apane vaiyaktika nirvANa kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA hai| vaha saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ko duHkhoM se mukta karake hI mukta honA cAhatA hai| usakI ruci lokamaMgala meM hotI hai, vaiyaktika nirvANa usake lie mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| jabaki hInayAna ke sAdhaka kA lakSya svayaM kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa karate hue arhat avasthA yA nirvANa ko prApta kara lenA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se hInayAna sampradAya meM cAra bhUmiyoM (avasthAoM) kA ullekha milatA hai| mahAyAna sampradAya AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dasa avasthAoM ko mAnatA hai| hama kramazaH donoM hI paramparAoM meM prastuta AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ina avasthAoM kI vistRta carcA kreNge| 2.2.2 hInayAna sampradAya kI srotApanna Adi cAra bhUmiyA~ hInayAna sampradAya meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ jainadharma ke samAna haiN| bauddhadharma meM bhI saMsAra ke prANiyoM ko do bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai5 - pRthakjana (mithyAdRSTi) aura Arya (smygdRsstti)| mithyAdRSTi yA pRthakjana kI avasthA vastutaH vyakti ke avikAsa kI avasthA hai| vyakti kI AdhyAtmika vikAsa yAtrA tabhI prArambha hotI hai, jaba vaha samyagdRSTi ko svIkAra karake nirvANa mArga para ArUr3ha hotA hai| phira bhI sabhI mithyAdRSTi samAna nahIM hote haiN| 5 paM. sukhalAlajI ne bhI ise mArgAnusArI avasthA se tulanIya mAnA hai / Page #185 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 140 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA unameM bhI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se taratamatA hotI hai| bauddha granthoM meM ise do bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai : (1) prathama andhapRthakjanabhUmi; (2) kalyANa pRthkjnbhuumi| prathama andhapRthakjanabhUmi meM cAhe vyakti kA dRSTikoNa pUrNataH samyak nahIM hotA, phira bhI vaha jIvana vyavahAra meM sadAcAra aura naitikatA kA pAlana karatA hai| usakA AcaraNa dharma hI hotA hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se isa avasthA ko jainadharma kI mArgAnusArI avasthA ke samakakSa mAnA jA sakatA hai| aisA vyakti dharmamArga kA anusaraNa karanevAlA hotA hai| usameM samyagdRSTi kA vikAsa nahIM hotA hai| hInayAna paramparA meM samyagdRSTi sampanna nirvANamArga para ArUr3ha sAdhaka ko arhat avasthA kI prApti karane ke lie AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ina bhUmiyoM (avasthAoM) ko pAra karanA hotA hai (anAgAmIbhUmi do-do avasthAnIya siddha (1) srotApannabhUmi; (2) sakRdAgAmI; (3) anAgAmIbhUmi; aura (4) arhtbhuumi| ina cAroM bhUmiyoM meM bhI do-do avasthAe~ hotI haiM - prathama sAdhaka avasthA yA mArga kI avasthA aura dvitIya siddha avasthA yA phalakI avsthaa| agale pRSThoM meM hama ina cAroM bhUmiyoM ke sambandha meM kiMcit vistAra se carcA kreNge| (1) srotApannabhUmi : srotApanna arthAt srota ko prApta yA dUsare zabdoM meM mArga ko prApta karake apane gantavya ko prApta karane ke lie agrasara banA huaa| bauddha dArzanikoM ke anusAra jaba sAdhaka tIna saMyojanoM kA nAza kara detA hai, taba vaha isa avasthA ko upalabdha karatA hai| ye tIna saMyojana nimna haiM : (1) satkAyadRSTi : dehAtmakabuddhi arthAt vaha zarIra ko hI AtmA mAnatA hai aura usI meM mamatvabuddhi rakhatA hai| usameM 'maiM' aura 'merApana' kA AropaNa karatA hai (svakAye dRSTiHcandrakIrti); (2) vicikitsA : saMdehAtmaka sthiti; evaM zIlavrata parAmarza arthAt vaha vrata upavAsa, tapazcaryA Adi dhArmika anuSThAnoM evaM karmakANDoM ko hI sAdhanA kA sarvasva mAna letA hai| Page #186 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ 141 jaba sAdhaka satkAyadRSTi, vicikitsA evaM zIlavrata parAmarza kI avasthA ko pAra kara letA hai, taba vaha srotApannabhUmi para ArUr3ha ho jAtA hai| mithyAdRSTi evaM vicikitsA ke samApta ho jAne para patana kI sambhAvanA nahIM hotI aura sAdhaka nirvANa kI ora gatizIla banakara AdhyAtmika pragati karatA hai| srotApanna sAdhaka cAra aMgoM se sampanna hotA hai| ve isa prakAra haiM : (1) buddhAnusmRti : buddha ke prati nirmala zraddhA se yukta hotA hai| (2) dharmAnusmRti : dharma ke prati nirmala zraddhA se yukta hotA hai| (3) saMghAnusmRti : saMgha ke prati nirmala zraddhA se yukta hotA hai| (4) zIla evaM samAdhi kI nirmala bhAva se sAdhanA karatA hai| srotApanna avasthA ko upalabdha sAdhaka vicAra evaM AcAra se zuddha hotA hai| isa avasthA ko prApta sAdhaka adhika se adhika sAta janmoM meM nirvANa prApta kara hI letA hai| . __ jainaparamparA kI apekSA se caturtha samyagdRSTi guNasthAna se lekara sAtaveM apramattasaMyata guNasthAna taka kI ye jo avasthAe~ hai; usakI tulanA srotApanna avasthA se kI jA sakatI hai| kyoMki jaina paramparA ke anusAra sAdhaka ina guNasthAnoM meM darzanavizuddhi aura cAritravizuddhi karatA hai| apramattasaMyata guNasthAna meM vAsanAoM evaM kaSAyoM kA sthUla rUpa se abhAva ho jAtA hai| phira bhI unake bIja sUkSma rUpa se bane rahate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM isa guNasthAna meM udaya kI apekSA se kaSAya kI tInoM caukaDiyA~ samApta ho jAtI haiM - mAtra saMjvalanakaSAya zeSa rahatA hai| jainadarzana ke isa kathana ke sambandha meM bauddha vicAradhArA yaha kahatI hai ki srotApanna avasthAoM meM vAsanAe~ to samApta hotI haiM, para Asrava zeSa rahatA hai| trividha AtmA kI apekSA se yaha srotApanna avasthA jaghanya evaM madhyama antarAtmA ke samAna hotI hai| (2) sakRdAgAmIbhUmi : srotApanna ke Age kA sopAna sakRdAgAbhUmi hai| isake antima caraNa meM rAga, dveSa evaM Asrava kA kSaya ho jAtA hai, phira sAdhaka anAgAmIbhUmi kI ora agrasara ho jAtA 26 (ka) vinayapiTaka, cullavagga 4/4 / (kha) 'jaina bauddha aura gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 2 pR. 474 / -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / Page #187 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 142 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA hai| sAdhaka isa avasthA meM bandhana ke mUla kAraNa rAga-dveSa, moha Adi kA prahANa kara detA hai| isa bhUmi meM sAdhaka rAga-dveSa aura unake kAraNa honevAle Amnava ko kSaya karane kA prayatna karatA hai| bauddhadarzana meM Asrava kA tAtparya rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyoM se hai| srotApannabhUmi meM vyakti moha kA tyAga karatA hai, kintu usameM rAga-dveSa ke tattva avyakta rUpa se bane rahate haiN| ataH saMskAroM kA Asrava hotA rahatA hai| sakRdAgAmIbhUmi meM Akara sAdhaka Asrava ke hetu rUpa aura rAga dveSa kA kSaya karatA hai| isa bhUmi kI tulanA jainadarzana ke AThaveM, nauveM aura dasaveM guNasthAna se kI jA sakatI hai| jaina vicAradhArA ke anusAra isa avasthA meM mRtyu prApta hone para adhika se adhika tIsare janma meM sAdhaka mokSa yA nirvANa ko prApta kara letA hai; jabaki bauddhadarzana ke anusAra sakRdAgAmIbhUmi kA sAdhaka sAdhanAkAla meM mRtyu ko prApta hone para agale janma meM nirvANa ko prApta kara letA hai| isa antara kA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki jainadarzana meM devayoni se nirvANa yA mokSa kA abhAva mAnA gayA hai| jabaki bauddhadarzana ke anusAra sAdhaka devayoni se bhI sIdhe nirvANa ko prApta kara sakatA hai| ataH unhoMne yaha mAnA hai ki sakRdAgAmIbhUmi ko prApta sAdhaka agale janma meM mukti ko prApta karatA hai| saiddhAntikadRSTi se isameM koI vizeSa matabheda nahIM hai| kyoMki isameM jainadarzana ina guNasthAnoM se dUsare janma meM mukti kI isa sambhAvanA ko asvIkAra nahIM karatA hai| trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA se tulanA karane para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki sakRdAgAmIbhUmi utkRSTa antarAtmA ke samarUpa hai| 3) anAgAmIbhUmi : jaba sAdhaka prathama srotApanna bhUmi meM satkAyadRSTi, vicikitsA aura zIlavrata parAmarza - ina tInoM saMyojanoM tathA sakRdAgAmIbhUmi meM kAma-rAga aura dveSa ina do saMyojanoM - paMca bhUbhAgIya saMyojanoM ko kSaya kara detA hai, taba usakI titikSA aura nirbhAgavRtti tIvratama hotI jAtI hai aura vaha anAgAmIbhUmi ko upalabdha kara letA hai| anAgAmI bhUmi ko prApta sAdhaka yadi vikAsa kI dizA meM agrasara nahIM hotA hai, to mRtyu hone para brahmaloka meM janma lekara vahIM se sIdhe nirvANa (mukti) ko upalabdha karatA hai| sAdhanAtmaka dizA meM agrasara isa sAdhaka ko isa avasthA meM nimna pAMca uDDhabhAgIya saMyojanoM ko kSaya karanA hotA hai : Page #188 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ 143 143 (1) rUparAga; (2) arUparAga; (3) mAna; (4) auddhatya; aura (5) avidyA / jaba sAdhaka ina pAMcoM saMyojanoM kA bhI kSaya kara detA hai, taba vikAsa kI agrima arhat bhUmikA ko prApta karatA hai| yadi sAdhaka arhat kI agrima bhUmikA ko prApta karane se pUrva sAdhanAkAla meM hI mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai to brahmaloka meM janma lekara vahA~ zeSa pAMca saMyojanoM ko naSTa kara nirvANa ko prApta karatA hai| phira vaha punaH janma nahIM letA hai| isa anAgAmIbhUmi kI tulanA jainadarzana ke kSINamoha guNasthAna se kI jA sakatI hai; kintu vaha anAgAmI bhUmi ke antima caraNa meM hI samucita hotI hai, jaba anAgAmI bhUmi kA sAdhaka dasoM saMyojanoM ke naSTa hone para arhat bhUmi kI ora agrasara hone kI taiyArI meM hotA hai| vastutaH AThaveM se bArahaveM guNasthAna kI avasthAe~ anAgAmIbhUmi ke antargata AtI haiN| trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA se tulanA karane para yaha anAgAmI bhUmi bhI utkRSTa antarAtmA ke samarUpa mAnI jA sakatI hai| (4) arhatAvasthA : arhatAvasthA vikAsa kI uccatama parAkASThA hai| sAdhaka jaba dasoM saMyojanoM ko sampUrNataH kSaya kara detA hai taba vaha arhatAvasthA ko prApta kara letA hai| usake samagra bandhanoM ke kSaya hone para usake klezoM Adi kA bhI prahANa ho jAtA hai| vastutaH yaha jIvanamukti kI avasthA hai| jainadarzana bhI ise arhatAvasthA yA sayogIkevalI guNasthAna kahatA hai| jaina aura bauddha paramparAe~ isa bhUmi ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM atyanta samIpa haiN| donoM ke anusAra isa avasthA meM rAga-dveSa evaM moha kA pUrNataH abhAva hotA hai| arhatAvasthA ko prApta vyakti niyama se nirvANa yA mokSa ko prApta karatA hai| trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kI dRSTi se tulanA karane para yaha avasthA paramAtmA kI avasthA hai| 2.3.1 mahAyAna sampradAya kI dasa bhUmiyA~ bauddhadharma meM mahAyAna sampradAya meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dasa avasthAe~ haiN| jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM kahA hai ki bauddhadarzana ke mahAyAna sampradAya kA lakSya vaiyaktika nirvANa kI prApti na hokara Page #189 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA buddha yA bodhisattva kI avasthA ko prApta karake lokamaMgala karane kI hotI hai / hInayAna se mahAyAna kI ora saMkramaNakAla meM racita 'mahAvastu' nAmaka grantha meM nimna dasa bhUmiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai : (1) durArohA; (2) buddhamana; (3) puSpamaNDitA; (4) rucirA; (5) citavistAra; (6) rUpamati; (7) durjayA; (8) janmanideza; (6) yauvarAja; aura (10) abhiSeka / 144 yadyapi ye dasa bhUmiyA~ bhI prANI ke buddhatva kI ora hone vAlI kramika avasthAe~ haiM / phira bhI mahAyAna sampradAya meM jina dasa bhUmiyoM kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai; unake nAma kucha bhinna haiM / mahAyAna sampradAya meM dasa bhUmiyoM kI carcA karane vAlA eka svatantra grantha hai jisakA nAma ' dasabhUmizAstra' hai| 'dasabhUmizAstra' meM nimna dasa bhUmiyoM kA ullekha hai : (1) pramuditA; (5) sudurjayA; (2) vimalA; (6) abhimukti; (6) sAdhumati; aura (10) dharmameghA | 27 (3) prabhAkarI; (4) arciSmatI; (7) dUraMgamA; (8) acalA; kintu mahAyAna sUtrAlaMkAra aura laMkAvatArasUtra meM prathama bhUmi kA nAma adhimukticaryAbhUmi diyA gayA hai tathA bhUmiyoM kI saMkhyA dasa banAe rakhane ke lie antima dharmamedhA yA buddhabhUmi ko bhUmiyoM meM nahIM ginA gayA hai / laMkAvatArasUtra kI eka anya vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha dharmamedhA aura gaNabhUmi ( buddhabhUmi) kA ullekha karatA hai / adhimuktacaryAbhUmi kA ina dasa bhUmiyoM meM samAveza karane para inakI saMkhyA gyAraha ho jAtI hai / Age hama inakA kramazaH vivecana prastuta kreNge| (1) adhimuktacaryAbhUmi : asaMga ke anusAra prathama bhUmi adhimuktacaryAbhUmi hai / prakArAntara se anya granthoM meM kahIM pramuditA ko bhI prathama bhUmi kahA hai| isa bhUmi meM sAdhaka ko pudgalanairAtmya aura dharmanairAtmya kA yathArthabodha hotA hai / isa bhUmi meM dRSTivizuddhi hotI hai| isa bhUmi ko jainadarzana ke caturtha avirata samyagdRSTi guNasthAna ke samakakSa kahA jA sakatA hai| adhimuktacaryAbhUmi ko bodhipraNidhicitta kI avasthA 27 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 2 pR. 475-76 / - DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / Page #190 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ 145 bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| isa bhUmi meM bodhisattva sAdhaka dAnaparimitA kA prayatna karatA hai| yaha jaghanya antarAtmA kI bhUmikA hai| (2) pramuditAbhUmi : isa bhUmi meM adhizIla zikSA prApta hotI hai| isa bhUmi meM zIlavizuddhi kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai| pramuditA bhUmivAlA sAdhaka (bodhisattva) lokamaMgala kI sAdhanA meM saMlagna rahatA hai| ise bodhiprasthAnacitta kI dazA bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| bodhipraNidhicitta mArga kA jJAna hai aura bodhiprasthAnacitta mArga meM gamanAgamana kI kriyA hai| isa bhUmi kI tulanA jainadarzana ke dezavirata paMcama guNasthAna aura chaThe sarvavirata guNasthAna se kI jA sakatI hai| isa bhUmi meM yaha jJAna hotA hai ki pratyeka karma ke phala kA bhoga anivArya hai, karma to apanA phala diye binA naSTa nahIM hotA hai| isa bhUmi meM bodhisattva zIlapAramitA kA pAlana karatA huA, apane zIla ko atyanta vizuddha banAtA hai| isa bhUmi ke pazcAt sAdhaka vimalAvihArabhUmi meM praveza karatA hai| trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kI dRSTi se tulanA karane para ise bhI jaghanya antarAtmA kI bhUmikA mAnA jA sakatA hai| vimalAbhUmi : isa bhUmi meM bodhisattva ke jIvana meM asaMyama evaM pramAda kA abhAva hotA hai; kyoMki isa vimalA nAmaka bhUmi meM duHkhazIlatA ke manovikAra sampUrNataH naSTa ho jAte haiM - durvicAra aura durbhAvanAe~ samApta ho jAtI haiN| yaha bhUmi AcAra zuddhi kI dazA hai| sAdhaka isa bhUmi meM zAnti aura pAramitA kI prApti hetu prayAsarata rahatA hai| yaha adhicitta zikSA hai| vimalAbhUmi meM dhyAna aura samAdhi kA lAbha hotA hai| jaina paramparAnusAra isa vimalAbhUmi kI tulanA saptama apramattasaMyata guNasthAna se kI jA sakatI hai| yaha madhyama antarAtmA kI bhUmikA hai| (4) prabhAkarIbhUmi : isa bhUmivAle sAdhaka ko samAdhibala ke prabhAva se aparimita dharmoM kA sAkSAtkAra ho jAtA hai| bodhisattva (sAdhaka) lokamaMgala ke lie bodhipakSIya dharmoM kA pariNamana saMsAra meM karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM buddha kA jJAnarUpI prakAza loka meM prasArita karatA hai| isI kAraNa isa bhUmi ko prabhAkarI nAma se sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai| yaha bhUmi bhI Page #191 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 146 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA jainadarzana ke saptama apramattasaMyata guNasthAna athavA madhyama antarAtmA ke samakakSa hai| arciSmatIbhUmi : sAdhaka isa bhUmi meM klezAvaraNa aura jJeyAvaraNa kA kSaya karatA hai| jainaparamparAnusAra yaha bhUmi AThaveM apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna ke samakakSa hai| jaise AThaveM apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna meM sAdhaka jJAnAvaraNAdi aSTakarmoM kA rasaghAta, sthitighAta aura saMkramaNa karatA hai vaise hI isa arciSmatIbhUmi meM sAdhaka klezAvaraNa aura jJeyAvaraNa kA nAza karatA hai| isa bhUmi meM sAdhaka vIrya pAramitA ke lie prayatnazIla rahatA hai| yaha bhUmi bhI madhyama antarAtmA kI uccatama avasthA mAnI jA sakatI hai| sudurjayAbhUmi : sAdhaka isa bhUmi meM sattvaparipAka yA samagra prANiyoM ke dhArmika bhAvoM ko paripuSTa karane ke lie aura svacitta arthAt svabhAvadazA kA saMrakSaNa karate hue duHkhoM ko jItatA hai| yaha kArya atyanta kaThina hotA hai| isaliye isa bhUmi ko durjayAbhUmi kahA jAtA hai| isa bhUmi meM bodhicitta kA utpAd hone se bhavApatti viSayaka saMklezoM se rakSaNa ho jAtA hai arthAt bhAvI AyuSyakarma kA bandha ruka jAtA hai| isa bhUmi meM sAdhaka dhyAnapAramitA ke lie prayatnazIla rahatA hai| jainadarzana kI apekSA se sudurjayA nAmaka isa bhUmi kI tulanA kSAyika zreNI ke AThaveM evaM nauveM guNasthAna se kI jA sakatI hai| jainadarzana aura bauddhadarzana donoM ke anusAra AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI yaha avasthA atyanta kaThina hotI hai| trividha AtmA kI apekSA se yaha bhUmi utkRSTa antarAtmA kI hai| abhimukhIbhUmi : isa bhUmi meM bodhisattva prajJApAramitA ke Azraya se nirvANa ke prati abhimukha hotA hai| yarthAtha prajJA ke udaya se sAdhaka ke lie saMsAra aura nirvANa - donoM meM samabhAva hotA hai| usake lie saMsAra kA bandha nahIM hotA hai| bodhisattva yA sAdhaka ke nirvANa abhimukha hone ke kAraNa hI isa bhUmi ko abhimukhIbhUmi kahA jAtA hai| sAdhaka isa bhUmi meM prajJApAramitA kI sAdhanA pUrNa kara letA hai| cauthI, pAMcavI aura chaThI bhUmiyoM meM adhiprajJA kI zikSA hotI hai arthAt prajJApAramitA kA abhyAsa hotA hai| sAdhaka isa bhUmi meM usakI pUrNatA ko upalabdha kara letA hai| isa abhimukhIbhUmi kI (7) Page #192 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ 147 tulanA jaina paramparA meM kSAyikazreNI ke dasaveM sUkSmasamparAya guNasthAna se kI jA sakatI hai| trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA se tulanA karane para yaha bhUmi bhI utkRSTa antarAtmA kI hai| dUraMgamAbhUmi : isa bhUmi meM sAdhaka ekAntika mArga arthAt zAzvatavAda, ucchedavAda Adi se pare ho jAtA hai| aise vikalpa bhI usake mana meM nahIM uThate haiN| jainadarzana ke anusAra yaha AtmA kI pakSAtikrAntadazA yA nirvikalpadazA hai| sAdhaka isa bhUmi meM sAdhanA kI pUrNatA ko prApta karatA hai| isa bhUmi ko sAdhaka ke Atma sAkSAtkAra kI avasthA bhI kaha sakate haiN| bauddha paramparAnusAra dUraMgamAbhUmi meM bodhisattva kI sAdhanA pUrNa ho jAtI hai| vaha nirvANa prApti ke lie sarvathA yogya bana jAtA hai aura saMsAra ke prANiyoM ko nivArNamArga (mokSa) kI ora prerita karatA hai| isa bhUmi meM vaha sabhI pAramitAoM kA vyavasthita rUpa se pAlana karatA hai evaM kauzalya pAramitA kA abhyAsa karatA hai| isa bhUmi ko jainadarzana ke bArahaveM guNasthAna ke antima caraNa ke samakakSa mAnA jA sakatA hai| jainaparamparA ke anusAra yaha bhUmi utkRSTa antarAtmA ke samakakSa mAnI jA sakatI hai| acalAbhUmi : saMkalpazUnyatA aura viSayarahita animitta vihArI samAdhi kI prApti ke kAraNa isa bhUmi ko acalA kahA jAtA hai| viSayarahita citta saMkalpazUnya (nirvikalpa) hotA hai| isalie yaha avicala hotA hai| isa bhUmi meM citta kI caMcalatA aura vicAroM meM viSaya vikAra Adi kA pUrNataH abhAva hotA hai| nirvikalpadazA (saMkalpazUnya) hone se isa bhUmi meM tattva ke sAkSAtkAra kI anubhUti hotI hai| isakI tathA agrima sAdhumatIbhUmi kI tulanA jainadarzana ke sayogIkevalI nAmaka terahaveM guNasthAna se kI jA sakatI hai| (10) sAdhumatIbhUmi : isa sAdhumatI bhUmivAle bodhisattva kA hRdaya samagra prANiyoM ke prati karuNAzIla tathA maitrI, pramoda Adi bhAvanA se yukta hotA hai| isa stara para kAma-vAsanA, deha-tRSNA Adi sarvathA naSTa ho jAtI hai| yaha pUrNa kI bhUmikA hai| isameM tRSNA aura Asakti kA pUrI taraha se abhAva ho jAtA hai| phira bhI isa bhUmi ke sAdhaka sattvapAka arthAt saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM meM bodhibIja ko prasphuTita Page #193 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 148 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA aura paripuSTa karane kA lakSya rakhate haiN| sAdhumatI nAmaka isa bhUmi meM sAdhakacitta kI atyanta vizuddhatA parilakSita hotI hai| isa bhUmivAle sAdhaka meM dUsarI AtmAoM ke manogata bhAvoM ko jAnane kA sAmarthya paidA ho jAtA hai| yaha bhUmi sayogIkevalI ke samakakSa mAnI jA sakatI hai| trividha AtmA kI dRSTi se ise paramAtmA kI bhUmikA kaha sakate haiN| (11) dharmameghAbhUmi : jisa prakAra megha sampUrNa AkAza ko parivyApta karatA hai; usI prakAra isa bhUmi meM bodhisattva kI samAdhi megha ke samAna dharmAkAza meM vyApta hotI hai| dharmameghAbhUmi meM bodhisattva divya zarIra ko upalabdha kara ratnajar3ita daivIya kamala para sthita dRSTigocara hote haiN| isa bhUmi kI tulanA jainadarzana meM upadeza pradAna karane hetu tIrthaMkara kI samavasaraNa meM upasthiti se kI jA sakatI hai| yaha bhUmi bhI trividha AtmAoM meM paramAtmadazA kI hI sUcaka hai| 2.4.1 jainadarzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA jainadarzana ke prAcIna Agama granthoM meM vibhinna apekSAoM se AtmA ke vibhinna prakAra ke vargIkaraNa upalabdha hote haiN| jaise samyagdarzana kI apekSA se mithyAdRSTi, samyagmithyAdRSTi aura samyagdRSTi cAritra kI apekSAoM se avirata, dezavirata aura sarvavirata; kaSAya kI apekSA se sakaSAyI aura akaSAyI; upazama aura kSaya kI apekSA se upazAntamoha aura kSINamoha evaM yoga kI apekSA se ayogI aura syogii| ye vargIkaraNa AcArAMgasUtra, sUtrakRtAMga, bhagavatIsUtra Adi prAcIna stara ke ardhAgama granthoM meM upalabdha haiN| kintu bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA ke rUpa meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kA hameM ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| isa AdhAra para vidvAnoM ne yaha mAnA hai ki jainadarzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa paravartIkAla meM huA hai| trividha AtmA kI yaha avadhAraNA sarvaprathama AcArya kundakunda ke mokSaprAbhRta meM milatI hai| mokSaprAbhRta AcArya 28 'tipayAro so appA paramaMtara bAhiro hu dehINaM / tattha paro jhAijjai, aMtovAeNa caevi bahirappA / / 4 / / ' -mokSapAhuDa / Page #194 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ / kundakunda kI kRti hai; isako lekara bhI vidvAnoM meM matabheda kI sthiti hai / kucha vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki aSTaprAbhRta meM apabhraMza kA prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai jabaki kundakunda ke samayasAra Adi grantha apabhraMza ke prabhAva se mukta haiM / AcArya kundakunda ke kAla ko lekara bhI matabheda hai / jahA~ paramparAgata vidvAna unheM IsA kI prathama zatAbdI kA AcArya mAnate haiM to anya unakA kAla IsA kI 5vIM, 6ThI zatAbdI taka le jAte haiN| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne kundakunda ke granthoM meM guNasthAna, mArgaNAsthAna aura jIvasthAna ke ullekhoM ke AdhAra para unheM pAMcavI zatAbdI se paravartI mAnA hai / yahA~ hama ina vivAdoM meM na par3akara kevala itanA hI kahanA cAheMge ki ardhamAgadhI Agama aura zorasenI Agama sAhitya meM trividha AtmA kI spaSTa avadhAraNA kA abhAva hai| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki jainadarzana meM AgamoM aura Agamatulya racanAoM ke pazcAt hI trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa huA hai / sarvaprathama AcArya kundakunda ne mokSaprAbhRta (mokkhapAhuDa) meM trividha AtmA kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai / AcArya kundakunda ke pazcAt svAmI kArtikeya kI kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kA ullekha milatA hai / svAmI kArtikeya ne na kevala trividha AtmA kA ullekha kiyA hai apitu unhoMne paramAtmA kA arhanta aura siddha aise rUpoM meM vargIkaraNa kiyA hai / isI krama meM tattvArthasUtra kI sarvArthasiddhi TIkA ke lekhaka pUjyapAda devanandI ne bhI apane eka anya grantha samAdhitantra meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA ko ullekhita kiyA hai / nizcaya hI ye sabhI grantha chaThI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga ke haiN| isa AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jainadarzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kA ullekha lagabhaga pAMcavI - chaThI zatAbdI se milane lagatA hai / isake pazcAt trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kA ullekha yogIndudeva ke paramAtmaprakAza" aura yogasAra " meM hai, jisameM AtmA I 26 'jIvA havaMti tivihA bahirappA taha ya aMtarappA ya / paramappA viya duvihA arahaMtA tahaya siddhA ya / / 162 / / ' - svAmI kArtikeyAnuprekSA / 'bahiraMtaH parazceti tridhAtmA sarvadehiSu / -samAdhitaMtra | 30 31 upeyAttatra paramaM madhyopAyAd bahistyajet / / 4 / / ' 'muThu vikkhaNu baMbhu pakha appA ti - vihu havei / dehu ji appA jo muNai so jaju mRdu havei / / 13 11' 146 -paramAtmaprakAza / Page #195 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 150 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kI ina tIna avasthAoM kI na kevala carcA hai, apitu ina para vistAra se prakAza bhI DAlA gayA hai| vizeSarUpa se ve paramAtmaprakAza meM AtmA kI ina tInoM avasthAoM ke svarUpa kA bhI ullekha karate haiN| yogIndudeva kA kAla vidvAnoM ne sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga mAnA hai| yogIndudeva ke pazcAt lagabhaga dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM hue AcArya zubhacandra ne AtmA kI ina tIna avasthAoM kA ullekha apane prasiddha grantha jJAnArNava meM kiyA hai| lagabhaga bArahavIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha zvetAmbara jainAcArya hemacandra ne apane yogazAstra meM bhI ina trividha AtmAoM kI carcA kI hai|4 yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki trividha AtmA kI isa avadhAraNA kA prAthamika vikAsa mukhyataH digambara paramparA meM hI huA hai| AcArya kundakunda, svAmI kArtikeya, pUjyapAda devanandI, yogIndadeva aura AcArya zubhacandra ye sabhI digambara paramparA ke udbhaTa AcArya rahe haiN| zvetAmbara paramparAM ke sAhitya meM, jahA~ taka hamArI jAnakArI hai, sarvaprathama AcArya hemacandra ne hI lagabhaga bArahavIM zatAbdI meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kA ullekha kiyA hai| unake pUrva jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa, siddhasenagaNi, AcArya haribhadra, udyotanasUrI, AcArya zIlAMka aura abhayadeva Adi ke granthoM aura TIkAoM meM isa avadhAraNA kA kahIM nirdeza upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| yahA~ yaha vizeSarUpa se draSTavya hai ki jahA~ digambara paramparA meM AcArya kundakunda ke kAla se trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiM vahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA meM AcArya hemacandra ke pazcAta Anandaghana, upAdhyAya yazovijayajI Adi ne trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kA ullekha kiyA hai| upAdhyAya -yogasAra / 32 'ti-payAro appA muNahi parU aMtarU bahirappu / para sAyahi aMtara-sahiu bAhirU cayahi NibhaMtu / / 6 / / ' 33 'triprakAraH sa bhUteSu sarveSvAtmA vyavasthitaH / bahirantaH parazceti vikalpairvakSyamANakaiH / / 5 / / ' 34 'bAhyAtmAnamapAsya prasatti bhAjAntarAtmanA yogii| satataM paramAtmAnaM vicintayettanmayatvAya / / 6 // ' 35 'trividha sakala tanu dharagata AtmA bahirAtma dhurIbheda / / bijo antara AtmA tisaro paramAtma aviccheda / / 1 // ' -jJAnArNava / -yogazAstra, dvAdazaprakAza / -Anandadhana granthAvalI 5 / Page #196 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ yazovijayajI apane grantha yogAvatAra dvAtriMzikA meM na kevala trividha AtmA kA ullekha karate haiM, apitu unhoMne isa trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA ko caudaha guNasthAnoM kI avadhAraNA ke sAtha ghaTita bhI kiyA hai / udhara digambara paramparA meM AcArya kundakunda, devanandI, yogIndudeva, zubhacandra Adi ke pazcAt paNDita AzAdhara" ne apane grantha adhyAtmarahasya meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kA ullekha kiyA hai / paNDita AzAdhara kA kAla terahavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga mAnA jAtA hai / inake atirikta devasena ne apane grantha jJAnasAra tathA brahmadeva ne dravyasaMgraha kI TIkA meM bhI trividha AtmAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / hindI kaviyoM meM digambara paramparA meM dhAnatarAya ne dharmavilAsa meM, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa" ne brahmavilAsa meM, muni rAmasiMha ne pAhuDadohA meM evaM banArasIdAsa ne samayasAra nATaka meM43 trividha AtmA kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki digambara paramparA meM pAMcavI - chaThI zatAbdI se lekara aThArahavIM zatAbdI taka trividha AtmAoM kI avadhAraNA kI carcA hotI rahI / jahA~ taka zvetAmbara paramparA kA prazna hai; usameM 12vIM zatAbdI se lekara 18vIM zatI taka trividha AtmA kI carcA milatI hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM trividha AtmA kI carcA karane vAloM meM sarvaprathama AcArya hemacandra (bArahavIM sadI) kA krama AtA hai| unake pazcAt AdhyAtmika santa AnandaghanajI, upAdhyAya yazovijayajI aura devacandrajI" pramukha haiM / isa tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM hama yaha dekhate haiM ki trividha AtmA kI yaha avadhAraNA digambara 36 'bAhyAtmA cAntarAtmA ca paramAtmeti ca trayaH / 37 38 adhyAtmarahasya, 4-5 / jJAnasAra gA. 26 / 36 dravyasaMgraha gA. 14 / 40 dharmavilAsa adhyAtmapaMcAsikA 41 / MM 5 5 30 41 42 kAyAdhiSThAyaka dhyeyAH prasiddhA yoga vAGmaye / / 17 / / ' 44 brahmavilAsa paramAtmachattIsI 2 / pAhuDadohA 84-87 / 43 samayasAra nATaka, mokSadvAra 11 ( bandhadvAra, sAdhya siddhidvAra ) / devacandra caubIsI, dhyAna dIpikA - catuSpadI 4 / 8 /7,102 / 151 - yogAvatAra dvAtriMzikA | -devacandrajI / Page #197 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 152 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNa paramparA meM jitanI lokapriya rahI utanI zvetAmbara paramparA meM nahIM rhii| isa avadhAraNA ke vikAsa kA zreya digambara paramparA ke mUrdhanya AcArya kundakunda ko jAtA hai| ___ agrima pRSThoM meM hama yaha dekhane kA prayatna kareMge ki ina digambara zvetAmbara AcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM ne kisa rUpa meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kA ullekha kiyA hai| 2.4.2 kundakunda ke granthoM meM trividha AtmA kI __ avadhAraNA (ka) mokSaprAbhRta meM trividha AtmA jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM sUcita kiyA hai AcArya kundakunda ne sarvaprathama mokSaprAbhRta meM tIna prakAra kI AtmAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki AtmA paramAtmA, antarAtmA aura bahirAtmA ke bheda se tIna prakAra kI hai| indriyA~ bahirAtmA haiM, AtmasaMkalpa antarAtmA hai aura karma-kalaMka se rahita AtmA paramAtmA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne indriyoM ko hI bahirAtmA kahA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki aindrika viSayoM meM anurakta AtmA hI bahirAtmA hai| AtmasaMkalpa ko antarAtmA kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki Atmonmukha AtmA hI antarAtmA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM indriyonmukha bahirAtmA hai aura Atmonmukha antarAtmA hai| unhoMne paramAtmA ko karma-kalaMka se rahita batAyA hai| jaba AtmA karmamala se rahita ho jAtI hai, to vaha paramAtmasvarUpa ko prApta kara letI hai| isa prakAra ve ina tIna viziSTa lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para trividha AtmA kA vivecana prastuta karate haiN| (kha) niyamasAra meM trividha AtmA AcArya kundakunda ne niyamasAra ke nizcayaparamAvazyakAdhikAra kI alaga-alaga gAthAoM meM bhI bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura 45 'akkhANi bAhirappA antaraappA hu appasaMkappo / kamma-kalaMka vimukko paramappA bhaNNae devo / / 5 / / ' 'malarahio kalacatto aNiMdio kevalo visuddhappA / parameTThI paramajiNo sivaMkaro sAsao siddho / / 6 / / ' --mokSapAhuDa / -vahI / Page #198 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ 153 paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA hai| AcArya kundakunda likhate haiM ki jo zramaNa Avazyakakarma se rahita ho, vaha bahirAtmA kahalAtA hai aura jo zramaNa paramAvazyakakarma se nirantara saMyukta ho arthAt anupacAra se ratnatrayAtmaka svAtmaAcaraNa meM pUrNataH sajaga ho yA niyama meM vidyamAna ho use antarAtmA kahA gayA hai| niyamasAra ke TIkAkAra padmaprabhamaladhArideva ne yahA~ antarAtmA ke nimna tIna bheda svIkAra kiye haiM - jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa / jo kSINamoha pada ko prApta parama zramaNa hai; vaha sarvotkRSTa antarAtmA hai| jo AtmA apratyAkhyAnI kaSAyoM se sahita hai, vaha asaMyata samyagdRSTi jaghanya antarAtmA kahalAtI hai| ina donoM ke madhya kI avasthA ko madhyama antarAtmA kahA gayA hai| TIkAkAra ne nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya kI apekSA se yaha batAyA hai ki jo AtmA paramAvazyakakriyA se rahita ho vaha bahirAtmA hai| kundakundAcArya Age likhate haiM ki jo AtmA antarbAhya jalpa meM vartatI ho evaM dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna se vihIna ho vaha bahirAtmA hai| jo AtmA ina antarbAhya jalpa meM nimagna nahIM hotI hai dharma aura zukladhyAnAmRtarUpI samarasatA se yukta hotI hai, vaha antarAtmA kahalAtI hai| jo nijasvarUpa yA paramavItarAgadazA meM sthita ho vaha paramAtmA hai| 2.4.3 svAmI kArtikeya kI kArtikeyAnuprekSA - AcArya kundakunda ke pazcAt trividha AtmA kA ullekha karanevAlA yadi koI grantha hai, to vaha svAmI kArtikeya kI kArtikeyAnaprekSA hai| svAmI kArtikeya ne kArtikeyAnuprekSA kI gAthA kramAMka 162 meM kahA hai ki jIva tIna prakAra ke hote haiM : 47 (ka) 'AvAsaeNa jutto samaNo so hodi antaraMgappA / AvAsayaparihINo samaNo so hodi bahirappA / / 146 / / ' (kha) 'aMtarabAhirajappe jo vaTTai so havei bahirappA / jappesu jo Na vaTTai so uccai aMtaraMgappA / / 150 / / ' -niyamasAra / (ga) niyamasAra gA. 151, 152 evaM 178 / / 48 'jIvAhavaMti tivihA bahirappA taha ya antarappA ya / paramappA vi ya duvihA arahaMtA taha ya siddhA ya / / 162 / / ' -svAmIkArtikeyAnuprekSA / Page #199 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 154 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA (1) bahirAtmA; (2) antarAtmA; aura (3) paramAtmA / jahA~ AcArya kundakunda ne kevala trividha AtmA kA ullekha kiyA; vahA~ svAmI kArtikeya ne paramAtmA ke do bheda arhanta aura siddha svIkAra kiye haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki svAmI kArtikeya trividha AtmA kI isa carcA meM apane pUrvavartI AcArya kundakunda se eka kadama Age jAte haiN| ve kahate haiM ki tIvra kaSAyoM se AviSTa jIva aura zarIra ko eka mAnane vAlA mithyAtva pariNati se yukta bahirAtmA hotI hai| isake viparIta deha aura AtmA ke bheda ko jAnanevAlI, jinavacana se kuzala evaM karmoM kI nirjarA karanevAlI - aisI antarAtmA hotI hai| yahA~ ve antarAtmA ke bhI tIna bheda karate haiN| unake anusAra (1) utkRSTa; (2) madhyama; aura (3) jaghanya ke bheda se antarAtmA tIna prakAra kI hai| pramAdoM para sampUrNarUpa se vijaya aura paMcamahAvratoM se yukta sadaiva dharma aura zukladhyAna se yukta AtmA utkRSTa antarAtmA kahI jAtI hai| jinavacanoM meM anurakta, udyamazIla, mahAsatvavAle zrAvakaguNoM se yukta zrAvaka evaM pramattasaMyata muni antarAtmA hai| yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki svAmI kArtikeya madhyama antarAtmA ke bhI do varga karate haiM :(1) vratoM se yukta zrAvaka; tathA (2) pramattasaMyata muni| jaghanya antarAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue ve kahate haiM ki vrata dhAraNa karane meM asarmathatA kA anubhava karate hue apanI AtmA kI nindA karane vAle aura guNa grahaNa karane kI bhAvanA meM anurakta tathA jinendra kI bhakti se yukta aviratasamyagdRSTi jaghanya antarAtmA kahe gaye haiN| isI prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki svAmI 46 'sa-sarIrA arahaMtA, kevalaNANeNa muNiyasayalatthA / __NANasarIrA siddhA, sabbuttama sukkhasaMpattA / / 168 / / ' -vhii| micchattapariNadappA, tivvakasAeNa suThu AviTTho / jIvaM dehaM ekka, maNNaMto hodi bahirappA / / 163 / / ' -vahI / 'je jiNavayaNe kusalo, bheyaM jANaMti jIvadehANaM / NijjiyaduTThamayA, antaraappA ya te tivihA / / 164 / / ' ___ -svaamiikaartikeyaanuprekssaa| 'paMcamahabvayajuttA, dhamme sukke vi saMThidA NicvaM / NijjiyasayalapamAyA, ukkiTThA antarA hoti / / 165 / / -vahI / 53 'sAvayaguNahi~ juttA, pamattaviradA ya majjhimA hoti|| jiNavayaNe aNurattA, uvasamasIlA mahAsattA / / 166 / / ' -vahI / Page #200 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ 155 kArtikeya ne kevalajJAnI paramAtmA ke bhI do bheda kiye haiN| guNasthAnoM kI apekSA se carcA karate hue ve likhate haiM ki caturtha guNasthAnavartI zrAvaka jaghanya antarAtmA hai| paMcama guNasthAnavartI zrAvaka aura chaThe guNasthAnavartI pramattasaMyata muni madhyama antarAtmA haiM aura sAtaveM se lekara bArahaveM guNasthAnavI jIvAtmA utkRSTa antarAtmA hai| punaH ve likhate haiM ki kevalajJAna se yukta sakala padArthoM ke jJAtA zarIra se yukta arhanta paramAtmA haiM tathA dravya zarIra se rahita, kintu jJAna zarIra se yukta sarvottama sukha-sampadA ko prApta siddha paramAtmA haiN| isa prakAra hama yaha dekhate haiM ki svAmI kArtikeya ne na kevala trividha AtmAoM kI carcA kI hai, apita trividha AtmAoM meM antarAtmA ke tIna bheda tathA paramAtmA ke do bheda bhI kiye haiM aura unake lakSaNoM ko bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| isa prakAra trividha AtmAoM kI isa carcA meM AcArya kandakanda kI apekSA svAmI kArtikeya adhika vistAra se isa carcA ko spaSTa karate haiN| 2.4.4 pUjyapAda devanandI ke samAdhitantra meM trividha AtmA AcArya pUjyapAda devanandI ne samAdhitantra nAmaka grantha meM sarva prANiyoM kI apekSA se bahirAtmA, antarAtmA evaM paramAtmA ke bheda ko tIna vargoM meM vargIkRta kiyA hai| unhoMne AtmA kI trividha avasthA svIkAra kI hai| jo acetana pudgala-piNDastha zarIra, mana, vANI, puNya, pApAdi meM rUci rakhatA hai - unako apanA mAnatA hai - vaha bahirAtmA hai| isase viparIta antarAtmA antara svabhAva ko jAnanevAlI - pahicAnanevAlI hai| antarAtmA uttama, madhyama va jaghanya ke bheda se tIna prakAra kI hai| unake anusAra sAtaveM guNasthAna se bArahaveM guNasthAna taka ke jIva uttama antarAtmA haiN| dasaveM guNasthAna taka abuddhipUrvaka rAga hone se dezavratI evaM mahAvratI, pAMcaveM chaTTe guNasthAnavartI zrAvaka aura muni bhagavanta madhyama antarAtmA haiN| caturtha guNasthAnavartI aviratasamyagdRSTi AtmA jaghanya antarAtmA hai| 54 'avirayasammaddiTTI, hoti jahaNNA jiNaMdapayabhattA / appANu jiMdaMtA, guNa gahaNe suThuaNurattA / / 167 / / -svAmIkArtikeyAnuprekSA / Page #201 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 156 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA terahaveM evaM caudahaveM guNasthAnavartI AtmA hI paramAtmA haiN| paramAtmA ke do prakAra svIkAra kiye gae haiM - sakala paramAtmA aura nikala prmaatmaa| bahirAtmA vikAra va vibhAva kI sAdhaka hai aura antarAtmA nirmala svasvabhAva kI sAdhaka hai| paramAtmA pUrNa nirmalatA ke pratIka haiN| ve arihanta evaM siddha paramAtmA haiN| ve Age likhate haiM ki bahirAtmA dehAdika meM bhI bhrAnti karatI huI deha ko hI AtmA samajhatI hai| antarAtmA rAgAdi vikAra bhAva meM abhrAnta rahatI hai tathA paramAtmA sarvakarmamala se rahita evaM atyanta nirmala hai| samAdhitantra meM bhI trividha AtmA kI carcA viziSTa rUpa se upalabdha hotI hai| bahirAtmA arthAta mUr3ha AtmA apane zuddha cidAnanda, jJAtA-draSTA svabhAva kI anubhUti nahIM krtii| antarAtmA ina bhUloM ko bhUla mAnakara tyAga karatI hai - Atmadravya ko jAnatI hai| jisa prakAra pratyeka leNDIpIpala cauMsaThapuTI caraparAhaTayukta hai, usI prakAra pratyeka AtmA meM sarvajJatA kA Ananda vyApta hai| ve kahate haiM ki usakI pUrNadazA prakaTa hone kA nAma hI paramAtmA hai|6 2.4.5 yogIndudeva ke anusAra trividha AtmA (ka) paramAtmaprakAza meM trividha AtmA yogIndudeva ke paramAtmaprakAza meM bhI trividha AtmA kI vistRta vivecanA spaSTa rUpa se upalabdha hotI hai| paramAtmaprakAza ke pAMca dohoM meM bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA spaSTa ullekha prApta hotA hai evaM ina trividha AtmAoM ke vibhinna nAma bhI upalabdha hote haiN|8 mithyAtva tathA rAgAdi bhAvoM meM Asakta honevAlI AtmA ko unhoMne bahirAtmA yA mUr3ha kahA hai; vItarAga, -samAdhitaMtra / -samAdhitaMtra / 55 'bahiranta parazceti tridhAtmA sarvadehiSu / upeyAttatra paramaM madhyopAyAd bahistyajet / / 4 / / ' 'bahirAtmA zarIrAdau jAtAtmabhrAntirAntaraH / cittadoSAtmavibhrAntiH paramAtmA'tinirmalaH / / 5 / / ' 'mudu viyakkhaNu baMbhu parU appA ti-vihu havei / dehu ji appA jo muNai so jaNu mUDha havei / / 13 / / ' 58 'deha vibhiNNau NANamau jo paramappu Niei / parama-samAhi-pariTThiyau paMDiu so ji havei / / 14 / / ' -paramAtmaprakAza / -vahI / Page #202 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ 157 nirvikalpa, svasaMvedana aura deha se bhinna jJAnarUpa pariNamana karanevAlI AtmA ko vicakSaNa yA paNDita (antarAtmA) kahA hai aura jo AtmA samasta dehAdika paradravyoM kA tyAga karake zuddha-buddha svabhAvavAlI ho - jisameM rAgAdi kA abhAva ho vaha anantajJAna yukta AtmA paramAtmA kahalAtI hai| yogIndudeva kI dRSTi meM jo jIva deha ko AtmA samajhatA hai, vaha vItarAga nirvikalpa samAdhi se utpanna hue paramAnanda sukha kI anubhUti nahIM kara sakatA hai| isa kAraNa vaha AtmA mUrkha yA mUr3ha (bahirAtmA) hai| ve Age likhate haiM ki ina trividha AtmA kI yogIndudeva meM bahirAtmA tyAga karane yogya hai; samyagdRSTi antarAtmA upAdeya hai aura mAtra kevalajJAnAdi guNoMvAle zuddha paramAtmA dhyAna karane yogya haiN|| (kha) yogasAra meM trividha AtmA __ yogIndudeva ne paramAtmaprakAza ke atirikta yogasAra meM trividha AtmAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki isa AtmA ko tIna prakAra kI jAnanA cAhiye : (1) bahirAtmA; (2) antarAtmA; aura (3) prmaatmaa|60 __ isameM nibhrAnta hokara bahirAtmA kA tyAga kareM aura antarAtmA meM sthita hokara paramAtmA kA dhyAna kreN| isa prakAra yogIndudeva paramAtmaprakAza ke samAna hI yogasAra meM bhI trividha AtmAoM kI carcA prastuta karate haiN| unhoMne na kevala trividha AtmAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai apitu unake lakSaNa bhI batAye haiN| ve likhate haiM ki mithyAdarzana se mohita hokara jo paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko nahIM jAnatI hai use hI jinendradeva ne bahirAtmA kahA hai| yaha bahirAtmA mithyAdarzana se mohita hone ke kAraNa saMsAra meM bAra-bAra bhramaNa -paramAtmaprakAza / 'appA laddhau NANamau kamma-vimukkai jeNa / mellivi sayalu vi dabbu paru so muNahi maNeNa / / 15 / / ' 'ti-payAro appA muNahi paru aMtarU bahirappu / para sAyahi antara sahiu bAhiru cayahi NimaMtu / / 6 / / ' -yogasAra / Page #203 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 155 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA karatI hai|' punaH antarAtmA ke lakSaNa ko spaSTa karate hue ve likhate haiM ki jo parabhava kA tyAga karake paramAtmA aura apane AtmasvarUpa ko jAnatI hai, use paNDita AtmA yA antarAtmA kahA gayA hai| yaha antarAtmA saMsAra kA parityAga karatI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM sAMsArika jIvana ke vyAmoha meM nahIM ulajhatI hai|62 Age ve kahate haiM ki jo nirmala, nizchala, zuddha, jina, viSNu, buddha, ziva aura zAnta hai use hI jinendradeva ne paramAtmA kahA hai; aisA niHbhrAnta rUpa se jAnanA caahiye| isa prakAra yogIndudeva sAMsArika abhiruci se yukta AtmA ko bahirAtmA, saMsAra se vimukha AtmA ko antarAtmA aura zuddha AtmA ko hI paramAtmA kahate haiN| isa prakAra bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA - ye AtmA kI hI vibhinna avasthAe~ haiN| jaba taka yaha AtmA para-padArthoM meM Asakta rahatI hai taba taka vaha bahirAtmA hai| jaba vaha ina para-padArthoM ke prati Asakti kA tyAgakara apane zuddha Atmatattva kA dhyAna karatI hai, taba use antarAtmA kahA jAtA hai aura jaba vaha karmoM se rahita hokara apane zuddhasvarUpa ko prApta karatI hai to use paramAtmA kahA jAtA hai| yadyapi yogasAra meM yogIndudeva trividha AtmA kI vistAra se carcA karate haiM kintu nizcaya se ve yaha mAnate haiM ki ye tInoM bheda aupacArika hI haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki jo paramAtmA hai vahI maiM hU~; jo maiM hU~ vahI paramAtmA hai|63 isa prakAra yogIndudeva ne jo tIna prakAra kI AtmA kI carcA kI hai vaha kevala paryAyadRSTi se hI samajhanA caahiye| ve spaSTa rUpa se likhate haiM ki mArgaNAsthAna, guNasthAna, jIvasthAna Adi saba vyavahAranaya kI apekSA se kahe jAte haiN| nizcaya meM to aisA koI bheda ghaTita nahIM hotaa| unakA spaSTarUpa se kahanA hai ki jo paramAtmA hai vahI maiM huuN| yahI jaina -vahI / -vhii| 61 (a) 'micchAdasaNa-mohiyau paru appA Na munnei| . so bahirappA jiNa-bhaNiu puNa saMsAra bhamei / / 7 / / ' (ba) dehAdiu je pari kahiyA te, appANu muNei / so bahirappA jiNabhaNiu puNu saMsAru bhamei / / 10 / ' 62 'jo pariyANai appu paru jo parabhAva caei / so paMDiu appA muNahu so saMjAru muei / / 8 / / ' 63 'Nimmalu Nikkalu suddha jiNu viNhu buddha siva saMtu / so paramappA jiNa-bhaNiu ehau jANi NibhaMtu / / 6 / / ' -yogasAra / -vahI / Page #204 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ 156 siddhAnta kA sAratattva hai|4 2.4.6 zubhacandra ke jJAnArNava meM trividha AtmA - AcArya zubhacandra ko digambara paramparA kA eka pramukha AcArya mAnA jAtA hai| unakA grantha jJAnArNava suprasiddha hai| isa grantha meM spaSTa rUpa se trividha AtmA kA saMketa to upalabdha hotA hai;65 kintu isa grantha meM granthakAra ne trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA ko AdhAra banAkara koI carcA nahIM kI hai| jJAnArNava kI viSayavastu kA avalokana karane se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki unhoMne triratna, paMcamahAvrata, dvAdazAnuprekSA aura caturvidha dhyAna ko hI AdhAra banAkara isakI racanA kI hai| phira bhI yadi hama unake grantha kA samagra avalokana karate haiM to usameM prasaMgAnusAra trividha AtmA ke lakSaNa aura svarUpa kI kucha carcA upalabdha ho jAtI hai| udAharaNArtha unhoMne 28veM sarga meM spaSTa rUpa se antarAtmA ke guNasthAna kI apekSA se jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa - aise tIna bheda kiye haiN|6 isI prakAra ekAdaza sarga meM bahirAtmA ke lie alpasattva, niHzIla, dIna, indriyoM dvArA vijita - aise zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| isI prakAra zukladhyAna kI carcA meM arihanta aura siddhoM ke guNoM kI carcA kI hai| 2.4.7 guNabhadra ke AtmAnuzAsanam aura usakI prabhAcandrakRta TIkA meM trividha AtmA guNabhadra ke AtmAnuzAsanam meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA -vahI / 64 'maggaNa-guNa-ThANai kahiyA vivahAreNa vi dtttthi|| _ Nicchaya gai~ appA muNahi jima pAvahu paramoTTha / / 17 / / ' 65 'triprakAraM sa bhUteSu sarveSvAtmA vyavasthitaH / bahirantaH parazceti vikalpairvakSyamANakaiH / / 5 / / ' 66 'dhyAtArastrividhA jJeyAsteSAM dhyAnAnyapi tridhA / lezyAvizuddhiyogena phalasiddhirudAhRdA / / 26 / / ' 67 'nAlpasattvairna niHzIlairna dInai kSanirjitaiH / svapne'pi carituM zakyaM brahmacaryamidaM naraiH / / 5 / / ' -jJAnArNava sarga 32 / - sarga 28 / - jJAnArNava sarga 11 // Page #205 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 6 upalabdha hotI hai| yaha kRti guNabhadra dvArA racita hai| isake TIkAkAra prabhAcandrAcArya haiM / isa kRti meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se bahirAtmA se antarAtmA aura antarAtmA se paramAtma avasthA taka kaise pahu~cA jA sakatA hai, Adi praznoM kA vistRta vivecana upalabdha hotA hai / AtmA kI bahirmukhatA hI paramAtma avasthA taka pahu~cane meM bAdhaka hai / ve likhate haiM ki bahirAtmA kA puruSArtha AtmA kI ora nahIM hotA apitu usakA lakSya bAhya saMsAra kI ora hI hotA hai / vaha AtmA viSayabhogoM meM lipta hotI hai / kintu antarAtmA ko jaba samyagdarzana kI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai taba saMsAra meM rahate hue bhI vaha nirlipta hokara, saMyamI jIvana kA paripAlana kara, karmoM kI nirjarA kara, saMvara karatI huI paramAtma avasthA ko prApta hotI hai / " 160 2.4.8 amitagati ke yogasAraprAbhRta meM trividha AtmA jainaparamparA ke AdhyAtmika dRSTisampanna granthoM meM yogasAra nAmaka grantha mahattvapUrNa hai| yogasAra ke nAma se cAra grantha upalabdha haiM, jinameM prathama yogIndudeva kA yogasAra, dUsarA amitagati kA yogasAraprAbhRta aura tIsarA gurudAsa kA yogasArasaMgraha hai| cauthA yogasAra saMskRta bhASA meM racita hai / kintu isake lekhaka ajJAta haiM / jahA~ taka ina yogasAra nAmaka granthoM meM trividha AtmA ke varNana kA prazna hai yogIndudeva ke yogasAra meM to spaSTa rUpa se trividha AtmA aura unake lakSaNoM kA varNana milatA hai / jahA~ taka amitagati ke yogasAraprAbhRta kA prazna hai usameM spaSTa rUpa se kahIM bhI trividha 68 8 'ahitavihitaprItiH prItaM kalatramapi svayaM sakRdapakRta zrutvA sadyo jahAti jano'pyayam / svahitanirataH sAkSAddoSaM samIkSya bhave bhave / viSayaviSavadgrAsAbhyAsaM kathaM kurute budhaH / / 162 / / ' 66 'AtmannAtma vilopanAtmacaritairAsIrdurAtmA ciraM svAtmA syAH sakalAtmanInacari tairAtmIkRtairAtmanaH / AtmetyAM paramAtmatAM pratipatan pratyAtmavidyAtmakaH svAtyotthAtmasukho niSIdasi lasannadhyAtmamadhyAtmanA / / 163 / / ' dekheM AtmAnuzAsanam, pR. 184 - 86 saMskRta TIkA / 70 -AtmAnuzAsanam / -vahI / Page #206 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ 161 AtmA kA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai yadyapi vaha yogIndudeva ke yogasAra se paravartI racanA hai| amitagati ke yogasAra meM trividha AtmA kA saMketa rUpa se bhI koI ullekha nahIM hai; kintu usakI viSayavastu kI samAlocanA karane para usameM bahirAtmA,' antarAtmA aura paramAtmA ke lakSaNa avazya dekhe jA sakate haiN|74 2.4.6 AcArya hemacandra ke yogazAstra meM trividha AtmA zvetAmbara AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra meM sarvaprathama AtmA kI ina tIna avasthAoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki Asakta vyakti bAhyAtmA, yogI yA sAdhaka antarAtmA aura AtmasvabhAva meM lIna paramAtmA hai| 2.4.10 banArasIdAsa ke grantha aura trividha AtmA jahA~ taka banArasIdAsa ke lekhana kA prazna hai, hameM unakI cAra kRtiyoM ke bAre meM jAnakArI upalabdha hotI hai : 1. banArasI vilAsa; 2. nAmamAlA; 3. arddhakathAnaka; aura 4. samayasAra nATaka / uparyukta cAra granthoM meM AdhyAtmika dRSTi se samayasAra nATaka atyanta mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| AdhyAtmika amRta se paripUrNa isa grantha meM hameM spaSTa rUpa se kahIM bhI trividha AtmA kI koI carcA upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| cAhe banArasIdAsajI ne apanI isa 7 72 -yogasAraprAbhRta / yogasAraprAbhRta, gA. 33-34 evaM 36-41 / 'para-dravya-bahirbhUtaM sva-svabhAvamavaiti yaH para-dravye sa kutrApi na ca dveSTi na rajyati / / 5 // ' 'abhinnamAtmanaH zuddhaM jJAnadRSTitrayaM sphuTam / cAritraM caryate zazvaccAru-cAritravedibhiH / / 40 / / ' 'udeti kevalajJAnaM tathA kevaladarzanam / karmaNaH kSayataH sarva kSayopazamataH param / / 10 / / ' 'bAhyAtmAnamapAsya prasatti bhAjA'ntarAtmanA yogI / satataM paramAtmAnaM vicintyettanmayatvAya / / 6 / / ' -vahI / -yogasAraprAbhRta / -yogazAstra, dvAdazaprakAza, 6 / Page #207 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kRti meM spaSTa rUpa se trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM kiyA ho, kintu isake bandhadvAra meM bahirAtmA ke, sAdhyasiddhidvAra meM antarAtmA ke aura sarvavizuddhi dvAra meM paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / banArasIdAsajI bandhadvAra meM isa prakAra batAte haiM ki samyagdRSTi AtmA (antarAtmA) apanI antardRSTi se dekhatI hai aura mithyAdRSTi (bahirAtmA) mithyAtva ke bhrama meM par3akara cAroM puruSArthoM kI sAdhaka aura ArAdhaka sAmagrI pAsa meM rahate hue bhI unheM nahIM dekhatI hai / use bAhara khojatI phiratI hai| antarAtmA AtmasvarUpa kI zuddhatA ko prakaTa kara mokSa kA prabala puruSArtha karatI huI, paramAtmadazA ko upalabdha karatI hai / bahirAtmA se AtmA antarAtmA kI ora gatizIla hotI hai aura antarAtmA se paramAtmadazA kI prApti karane ke lie tatpara banatI 162 76 banArasIdAsajI ne trividha AtmAoM meM bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA nirvacana kramazaH kisa rUpa meM kiyA hai; isakA AsvAdana unake hI zabdoM meM kIjiye : (1) bahirAtmA (2) antarAtmA 'jagat maiM DolaiM jagavAsI nara rUpa dhareM, pretakese dIpa kidhauM retakese thUhe haiM / dasaiM paTa bhUSana ADaMbarasau nIke phiri, phIke chinamAMjha sAMjha - aMbara jyau sUhe haiM / / moha ke anala dage mAyA kI manIsauM page, DAbha kI anIsauM lage osakese phUhe haiM / dharama kI bujha nAMhi urajhe bharamAMhi, nAci nAci mari jAMhi marI kese cUhe haiM / / 43 / / ' - samayasAra nATaka baMdhadvAra / moha mada pAi jini saMsArI vikala kIne, yAhI ajAnubAhu biraha vihatu hai 1 aisau baMdha-vIra vikarAla mahA jAla sama, gyAna maMda karai caMda rAhu jyauM gahatu hai / / tAkau bala bhaMjivekauM ghaTamaiM pragaTa bhayau, uddhata udAra jAkau uddima mahatu hai / 76 dekheM samayasAra nATaka 2, 8, 10, 42, 52, 5660, 85-86, 108 evaM 135 / - banArasIdAsa / Page #208 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ 163 sau hai samakita sUra AnaMda-aMkUra tAhi, nirakhi banArasI namo namo kahatu hai|| 2 / / ' - samayasAra nATaka bNdhdvaar| (3) paramAtmA 'jaisau nirabhedarUpa nihacai atIta hutau, taisau nirabheda aba bheda kauna khegii| dIsai karma rahita sahita sukha samAdhAna, pAyau nijasthAna phira bAhari na bhaigau|| kabahUM kadAci apanau subhAva tyAgikari, rAgarasa rAcikaiM na para vastu ghaigau| amalAna gyAna vidyamAna paragaTa bhayau, yAhI bhAMti Agama anaMta kAla rhaigau|| 108 / / '' __ -samayasAra nATaka srvvishuddhidvaar| isa prakAra banArasIdAsajI ne prakArAntara se trividha AtmA kA ullekha kiyA hai| 2.4.11 AnandaghanajI kI kRtiyoM meM trividha AtmA ke ullekha AnandaghanajI ne rAga kI upasthiti ke AdhAra para AtmA kI ina tIna avasthAoM kA citraNa kiyA hai| jo AtmA moha aura kSobha se pUrI taraha anuraMjita hai vaha bahirAtmA hai| jo AtmA moha aura kSobha se Upara uThane ke lie prayatnazIla hai, vaha antarAtmA hai aura jo AtmA moha aura kSobha se pUrI taraha rahita hokara vItarAga avasthA ko prApta hai vaha paramAtmA hai| bahirAtmA ke lakSaNoM ko spaSTa karate hue ve likhate haiM ki jo AtmA sva-svarUpa kA vismaraNa karake zarIra Adi nokarma, jJAnAvaraNa Adi dravyakarma, rAga-dveSa, moha Adi bhAvakarma aura unake vipAka rUpa sukha-duHkha Adi anubhUtiyoM meM Atmabuddhi yA mamatvabuddhi rakhatI hai aura pariNAmasvarUpa apane Apako puruSa, strI, napuMsaka athavA sukhI-duHkhI Adi mAnatI hai, vaha bahirAtmA hai| jo sadaiva hI moha aura lobha se yukta rahatI hai - use hI bahirAtmA kahA jA sakatA hai| Age AnandaghanajI antarAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM ki jo AtmA zarIra Adi bAhya padArthoM ke prati Page #209 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA Atmabuddhi kA tyAga karake mAtra sAkSIbhAva se unakA anubhava karatI hai aura unake nimitta se apanI cetanA ko vikArI nahIM hone detI, vaha antarAtmA hai / vaha saMsAra meM rahakara bhI usameM Asakta nahIM hotI hai| usakI ruci bAhya padArthoM meM na hokara AtmA ke zuddhasvarUpa kI anubhUti meM hotI hai| aisI sAdhaka AtmA hI antarAtmA kahalAtI hai / paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue ve likhate haiM ki jo rAga-dveSa evaM mohajanya zalya upAdhiyoM se mukta hai aura sakala karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne ke kAraNa jisakA anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIrya prakaTa ho gayA hai aise anantacatuSTaya se yukta AtmA paramAtmA kahI jAtI hai| ina trividha AtmAoM ke sambandha meM AnandaghanajI kA nirdeza hai ki bahirAtmA kA tyAga karake antarAtmA ke dvArA paramAtmapada kI prApti ke lie puruSArtha karanA cAhiye / 7 164 2.4.12 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, dhAnatarAya, yazovijayajI Adi ke granthoM meM trividha AtmA (ka) bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke brahmavilAsa meM trividha AtmA Anandaghana ke samakAlIna cintakoM meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa brahma-vilAsa meM likhate haiM : "he cetanA ! tU eka hote hue bhI tere tIna prakAra haiM arthAt bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA / ye tInoM paryAyeM tere meM samAhita haiM / kabhI tU bAhya meM (vibhAvadazA) para-padArthoM ke AkarSaNa ke kAraNa apane zuddhAtma-svarUpa ko bhUlakara paudgalika para bhAvoM meM bhaTakane lagatI hai taba cetanA vibhAvadazA meM ramaNa karane ke kAraNa bahirAtmA kahalAtI hai / jaba AtmA bAhyadazA se Upara uTha jAtI hai arthAt samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana, samyakcAritra meM puruSArtha karatI hai evaM vrata niyama, saMyama kA pAlana karatI huI saMsAra dazA se virakta ho jAtI hai, taba 77 'trividha sakala tanu dharagata AtmA, bahirAtma dhUrI bheda / bIjo antara AtmA tisaro paramAtma aviccheda sujJAnI / / 5 / / ' -Anandaghana granthAvalI, sumati jina stavana 1 / Page #210 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ 165 antarAtmA kahalAtI hai| AtmA jaba nijasvarUpa meM sthita ho jAtI hai; vaibhAvika avasthA kA tyAga karake svAbhAvika avasthA ko prApta karatI hai; zukladhyAna kI avasthAoM ko pAra karake anta meM mukta avasthA ko prApta karatI hai, taba paramAtmA kahalAtI hai|"78 isalie bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsajI kA kahanA hai ki AtmA eka hote hue bhI trividha AtmA kI avasthA ko prApta karatI hai| (kha) dhAnatarAya ke anusAra trividha AtmA dhAnatarAya ke dharmavilAsa meM trividha AtmA kI vivecanA upalabdha hotI hai| ve likhate haiM ki vyavahAra se AtmA ke tIna bheda haiM - bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA; kintu nizcaya se to eka caitanya AtmA hI hai| AtmA kI dRSTi se sabhI kI AtmA samAna rUpa se pratIta hotI hai| kintu AtmA kI zubhAzubha, zuddha aura vizuddha avasthA se bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA ye tIna bheda kiye jA sakate haiN| AtmA to sabhI cetana prANiyoM meM nihita hotI hai, kintu AtmA kI sAdhanAvasthA yA zreNI kI apekSA se paryAya ke tIna bheda kiye gae haiN| jaba taka AtmA kI bAhya meM rUci hotI hai taba taka vaha bahirAtmA hai| dhIre-dhIre jaba usake pariNAmoM meM zuddhi AtI hai; taba antarAtmA aura jaba AtmA saMsAra aura deha se pUrNataH mukta hokara zuddhAvasthA ko prApta karake anantasukhAnanda meM virAjamAna hotI hai arthAt siddhAvasthA ko upalabdha kara letI hai taba vaha paramAtmA kahI jAtI hai| ye tInoM AtmAoM kI paryAyeM eka AtmA meM nihita hotI hai| (ga) upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ke anusAra trividha AtmA isI prakAra zvetAmbara vidvAna upAdhyAya yazovijayajI kI yogAvatAra dvAtriMzikA meM trividha AtmA kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| 78 'eka ju cetana dravya hai, tina meM tIna prakAra / bahirAtama antara tathA paramAtma pada sAra / / 2 / / ' 'tIna bheda vyavahAra sau, saraba jIva saba ThAma / bahirantara paramAtmA, nihacai cetanarAma / / 41 / / ' -brahma vilAsa, paramAtma chattIsI / 76 -dharmavilAsa, adhyAtma pNcaasikaa| Page #211 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 166 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA ve likhate haiM ki yogasAdhanA kI apekSA se kAyAdhiSThita AtmA tIna prakAra kI hai - bAhyAtmA, antarAtmA aura prmaatmaa|deg bahirAtmA kI Asakti indriyoM, deha evaM para-pudgala ke prati aTUTa hotI hai| jaba AtmA kA bAhya AkarSaNa TUTa jAtA hai taba vaha AtmA sva-svarUpa kI anubhUti meM nimagna ho jAtI hai| zuddhAtmA kA anubhava karatI huI antarAtmA anta meM paramAtmadazA ko prApta karatI hai| 2.4.13 devacandrajI kI kRtiyoM meM trividha AtmA - jainadarzana AtmavAdI darzana hai| jainadarzana ke sampUrNa siddhAnta AtmA ke dharAtala para sthita haiN| anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM bhI AtmA ko paramatattva ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sAdhaka ke jIvana kA sAratattva Atmadarzana hI hai| upAdhyAya devacandrajI ne apanI racanAoM meM AtmA kI ina trividha avasthAoM kI carcA kI hai - bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura prmaatmaa|' trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA prAcIna hai| devacandrajI ke pUrvavartI aneka jainAcAryoM dvArA AtmA kI ina trividha avasthAoM kA gahana cintana kiyA gayA hai| AcArya kundakunda, svAmI kArtikeya, pUjyapAda, yogIndudeva, zubhacandrAcArya Adi ke granthoM meM bhI trividha AtmA ke sambandha meM ullekha prApta hote haiN| upAdhyAya devacandrajI ke granthoM meM bhI trividha avadhAraNA kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| devacandrajI ke anusAra Atmadarzana ke icchuka sAdhaka kA anivArya kartavya AtmAnubhUti hai| sAdhaka kI jaba taka antardRSTi jAgrata nahIM hotI taba taka vaha bAhya saMsAra meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai; ataH vaha bahirAtmA kahalAtA hai| isalie unhoMne bahirAtmA kA tyAga karake antarAtmA aura antarAtmA se paramAtmadazA ko prApta karane kI preraNA dI hai| paramAtmA rAga-dveSa se uparata hokara samabhAva meM rahate haiM - Atmadarzana meM lIna rahate haiN| ve paramAtmA nirvikalpa, nirlepa hokara -yogavatAra dvAtriMzikA / 'bAhyAtmA cAntarAtmA ca paramAtmeti ca trayaH / kAyAdhiSThAyaka dhyeyAH prasiddhA yoga vAGmaye / / 17 / / " vicAra ratnasAra prazna 178 / dhyAnadIpikA catuSpadI 4/8/1-2 / Page #212 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM AtmA kI avasthAe~ 167 AtmadhyAna se parama samAdhi ko prApta kara lete haiN| vaha paramAtmadazA bahirAtmA aura antarAtmA se Upara kI avasthA kahI jAtI hai| isa prakAra jaina AcAryoM ne apane granthoM meM trividha AtmAoM ke svarUpa lakSaNa Adi kI vistRta carcA kI hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI batAyA hai ki bahirAtmAvasthA se antarAtmAvasthA taka kaise pahu~cA jA sakatA hai? donoM meM kyA antara hai? paramAtmA banane kA upAya kyA hai? AtmA kI ve kaunasI sthitiyA~ haiM jo sAdhaka ko paramAtmadazA taka pahu~cane meM bAdhaka yA sAdhaka haiM? AtmA ko paramAtmA banane meM sabase bar3A avarodhaka tattva usakI viSayonmukhatA yA bahirmukhatA hai| viSaya vikAra tathA rAga-dveSajanya vibhAvadazA meM nimagna AtmA bahirmukhI hotI hai| usakI viSayAsakti use paramAtmA to kyA antarAtmA bhI nahIM banane detii| bahirmukhI AtmA paramAtmadazA se vimukha rahatI hai| ataH jainadarzana kA sandeza hai ki sAdhaka bahirmukhatA kA tyAgakara antarAtmA arthAt AtmAbhimukha bne| AtmAbhimukha sAdhaka hI anta meM paramAtmA bana sakatA hai|3 isa prakAra ina tIna viziSTa lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para jainAcAryoM ke 83 (ka) mokSapAhuDa, gA. 4 / (kha) 'mUdu viyakkhaNu baMbhu paru appA tivihu havei / - moksspaahudd| dehu ji appA jo muNai so jaNu mUDha havai / / 13 / / ' - mokSapAhuDa / (ga) 'triprakAraM sa bhUteSu sarveSvAtmA vyavasthitaH / bahirantaH parazceti vikalpairvakSyamANakaiH / / 5 / / ' -jJAnArNava / (gha) 'bAhyAtmanamapAsya prasatti bhAjanA'ntarAtmana yogI / satataM paramAtmAnaM vicintayettanmayatvAya / / 6 / / ' ___ -yogazAstra, dvAdaza prakAza / (ca) 'bahirantaH parazceti tridhAtmA sarvahiSu / upeyAttatra paramaM madhyopAyAd bahistya jet / / 4 / / ' -samAdhitaMtra / (cha) 'ti-payAro appA muNahi paru aMtaru bahirappu / para sAyahi antara sahiu bAhiru cayahi NimaMtu / / 6 / / ' -yogasAra / (ja) 'jIvA havanti tivihA bahirappA taha ya antarappA ya / paramappA vi ya duvihA, arahaMtA taha yA siddhA ya || 162 / / ' -svAmIkArtikeya / (jha) AdhyAtma rahasya zloka 4-5 / (Ta) yogAvatAra dvAtriMzikA 17 / / (Tha) brahmavilAsa, paramAtma chattIsI 2 / (Da) dharmavilAsa, adhyAtma paMcAsikA 41 / (Dha) Anandaghana granthAvalI, pada 40 / Page #213 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 168 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA dvArA trividha AtmA kA vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 2.4.14 zrImadrAjacandra evaM trividha AtmA zrImadrAjacandra isa yuga ke mahAn AdhyAtmika sAdhaka haiN| unhoMne Atmasiddhi Adi sva-racita granthoM meM trividha AtmA kA spaSTa rUpa se to kahIM ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, kintu unake sAhitya meM prasaMgAnusAra bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA vivecana prakIrNa rUpa se mila jAtA hai| ___isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki lagabhaga IsA kI pA~cavIM-chaTI zatAbdI se lekara Adhunika kAla taka jainAcArya trividha AtmA kI carcA karate rahe haiN| agrima pRSThoM meM hama yaha dekhane kA prayatna karegeM ki vibhinna jainAcAryoM ne kramazaH bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA nirvacana kisa rUpa meM kiyA hai| / / adhyAya 2 smaapt|| Page #214 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahirAtmA madhu bindu hai kAma bhoga samAna Page #215 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Page #216 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ adhyAya 3 bahirAtmA 3.1 bahirAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa trividha AtmA kI carcA karate hue prAyaH sabhI jainAcAryoM ne bahirAtmA kA ullekha kiyA hai / prastuta adhyAya meM hama sarvaprathama bahirAtmA ke svarUpa kI carcA kareMge / nizcayanaya se to AtmA AtmA hI hai aura isa AdhAra para AtmA ke bheda karanA bhI sambhava nahIM hai / vastutaH trividha AtmA kI jo carcA hai vaha vyavahAranaya kI apekSA se hI hai / vyakti kA jIvana aura jIvanazailI jisa prakAra kI hotI hai usI ke AdhAra para use bahirAtmA, antarAtmA yA paramAtmA kahA jAtA hai / vastutaH bahirAtmA zabda isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki jisa vyakti kI jIvanadRSTi bahirmukhI hai use hI bahirAtmA kahA jAtA hai| vastutaH AtmA ke svarUpa meM koI bheda nahIM hotA hai / jo bheda hotA hai vaha usake jIvana aura jIvana zailI ke AdhAra para hotA hai| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra jo sAMsArika viSayabhogoM meM rata rahate haiM unheM hI apane jIvana kA antima lakSya samajhate haiM aura para-padArthoM meM apanepana kA AropaNa kara unake bhoga meM jo Asakta bane rahate haiM, unheM hI bahirAtmA kahA jAtA hai / isa prakAra bahirAtmA kA svarUpa usakI jIvanadRSTi para AdhArita hai| jo apanI AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa ko bhUlakara zarIra, indriya, mana aura bAhya padArthoM ko hI apanA mAnatI hai vahI bahirAtmA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM anAtmarUpa bAhya viSayoM meM apanepana kA AropaNa karane vAlA vyakti hI bahirAtmA hai / svarUpa kI apekSA se hama bahirAtmA use kaha sakate haiM jo anAtma meM Atmabuddhi rakhatI hai dUsare zabdoM meM para-padArthoM ko apanA mAnatI hai jainAcAryoM ne bahirAtmA ko, mUr3ha Adi nAmoM se bhI abhivyakta kiyA hai / yadi saMkSepa meM kahanA ho to mUr3ha AtmA hI bahirAtmA hai kyoMki I Page #217 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA usakI jIvanadRSTi samyak nahIM hotI / vaha apane zuddha svarUpa ko bhUlakara para - padArthoM meM mamatva buddhi kA AropaNa karatI hai / jo apanA nahIM hai use hI apanA mAnatI hai| saMsAra ke bAhya padArtha AtmA se bhinna haiM kyoMki ve usake jJAna ke viSaya haiM aura jo-jo bhI AtmA ke jJAna ke viSaya haiM, ve saba 'para' haiM / AtmA to jJAna svarUpa hai / ataH jJAna ke samasta bAhya viSaya 'para' haiN| unameM apanepana kA AropaNa karanA, yaha svarUpa kI vismRti hai aura sva-svarUpa kI vismRti hI bahirAtmA kI paricAyaka hai| jo apane sva-svarUpa ko bhUlakara para - padArthoM meM mamatvabuddhi kA AropaNa karatA hai, use hI bahirAtmA kahA jAtA hai / svarUpa kI vismRti bahirAtmA hai aura svarUpa kI smRti antarAtmA hai / bahirAtmA kA jIvana vastutaH bhautikavAdI hotA hai / bhautikavAdI yA bhogavAdI jIvana ko apanAkara anAtma meM Atmabuddhi rakhate hue jo jItA hai, vahI bahirAtmA hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM cArvAkadarzana ko hama bahirAtmavAdI darzana kaha sakate haiM / 170 jo AtmA zarIra ko hI sarvasva mAnatI hai aura daihika vAsanAoM kI pUrti ko hI ekamAtra jIvana kA lakSya mAnatI hai, vahI bahirAtmA hai / vaha jar3a padArthoM ke bhoga ko hI viziSTa mahattva detI hai / vahI usakI jIvanadRSTi hotI hai : "yAvajjIvet sukhaM jIvet RNaM kRtvA dhRM piveta / bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutaH / / " " arthAt jIvanaparyanta khAo, pIyo aura mauja ur3Ao yA sukha se jIo aura RNa lekara bhI ghI pI jAo; para-bhava kI tanika bhI cintA mata karo; mauja-mastI se jIvana yApana karo / tyAga aura tapazcaryA karane se kyA phAyadA, punarjanma kahA~ hogA, yaha kisane dekhA? bahirAtmA bhautikatA kI cakAcauMdha meM AtmA aura deha ko eka hI mAnatI hai / vaha deha ko apanA mAnatI hai aura apane ko deharUpa mAnatI hai| deha ko apanA mAnakara daihika vAsanAoM kI pUrti meM saMlagna banI rahatI hai / vaha deha aura daihika vAsanAoM kI pUrti ke 9 cArvAkadarzana | Page #218 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahirAtmA 171 sAdhanoM meM ekatva buddhi ko sthApita kara letI hai| yaha deha merI hai yA maiM deha-rUpa hI hU~ aura deha sambandhI samasta para-padArtha mere haiN| pitA, patnI, pati, putra, putrI Adi daihika sambandhoM meM mamatva buddhi kA AropaNa kara unheM apanA mAnakara unameM Asakti rakhatI hai| vaha svayaM ko sAMsArika kriyAoM kA kartA-bhoktA mAnakara mithyA ahaMkAra karatI hai| bahirAtmA vartamAna paudugalika sukhoM ko prApta karane hetu athaka prayAsa karatI rahatI hai| vaha dina-rAta parizrama karatI hai, pasInA bahAtI hai; AkAza pAtAla eka karake jo bhI puruSArtha karatI hai, mAtra bAhya ke lie karatI hai| Atma vizuddhi hetu arthAt apanI AtmA ke kalyANa hetu usakA koI prayatna yA puruSArtha nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra bAhya jAgatika pravRttiyoM meM sadaiva ulajhA rahanA hI bahirAtmA kA lakSaNa hai| bahirAtmA ke svarUpa-lakSaNa aura prakAroM kI carcA ke pazcAt hama yaha dekhane kA prayatna kareMge ki vibhinna jainAcAryoM ne isa sambandha meM apane mantavya kisa rUpa meM prastuta kie haiN| 3.2.1 AcArya kundakunda kI dRSTi meM bahirAtmA kA svarUpa, niyamasAra meM bahirAtmA AcArya kundakunda niyamasAra ke AvazyakAdhikAra meM bahirAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM ki bahirAtmA deha, indriya Adi meM Atmabuddhi rakhatI hai, bAhyatattva meM nimagna rahatI hai, svabhAvadazA kA tyAga karake vibhAvadazA meM bhaTakatI hai| bahirAtmA dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna se rahita hotI hai| vaha saMsArarupI vikalpajAla meM ulajhakara apanA jIvanayApana karatI hai| isa mUr3ha AtmA ke vicAra antarAtmA aura paramAtmA ke vicAroM se bhinna hote haiN| bahirAtmA paramatattva meM zraddhA nahIM karatI hai| bahirAtmA jar3a padArthoM meM mUrchA rakhatI hai, vaha Atma sajagatA meM nahIM, apitu pramAda meM jItI hai| kundakunda kI dRSTi meM jo AtmA svAtmAcaraNa se rahita ho, vaha bahirAtmA hai| use samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana evaM Page #219 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 172 samyakcAritra ina ratnatraya kI sAdhanA meM zraddhA nahIM hotI / " mokSaprAbhRta meM bahirAtmA mokSaprAbhRta meM bhI bahirAtmA ke lakSaNoM ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya kundakundadeva likhate haiM ki jisakA mana bAhya padArthoM meM prasphuTita ho rahA hai arthAt jo bAhya padArthoM kI AkAMkSA aura icchA rakhatA hai aura indriyarUpI bAhyadazA meM Asakta hokara jo nijasvarUpa se cyuta ho bAhya aindrika viSayoM meM Asakti rakhatA hai aura una bAhya padArthoM tathA zarIra Adi ko apanA samajhatA hai, use bahirAtmA kahA jAtA hai / vaha dehAdi para vastuoM meM apanepana kA AropaNa kara ajJAna ke vazIbhUta ho strI, putra, parijana, dhana, sampatti Adi ko apanA mAnatA hai aura isa prakAra paradravyoM meM usakI Asakti yA moha bar3hatA hI jAtA hai| aisA vyakti bahirmukha kahA jAtA hai| vaha apanI mithyAdRSTi ke kAraNa para ko sva samajhane meM mithyAjJAna meM nirata rahatA hai aura usI ke pariNAmasvarUpa zarIrAdi ko apanA mAnatA rahatA hai| aisA mithyAmati bahirAtmA usa mithyAtva ke pariNAmasvarUpa aSTa duSTakarmoM kA bandha karatI huI saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatI rahatI hai| 2 Age AcArya kundakundadeva kahate haiM : "jaba taka manuSya ko AtmAnubhUti nahIM hotI taba taka vaha bAhya viSayoM meM pravRtta hotA rahatA hai / mAtra yahI nahIM kucha loga AtmAnubhUti ke pazcAt bhI sadbhAva se bhraSTa hokara viSayoM meM mohita hote hue caturgatirUpa 3 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 4 (ka) 'AvAsaeNa jutto samaNo so hodi antaraMgappA | AvAsayaparihINo samaNo so hodi bahirappA || 146 / / ' (kha) 'bahirAtmAntarAtmeti syAdanyasamayo dvidhA / bahirAtmanayordehakaraNAdyuditAtmadhIH / / ' . ( sa ) ' antarabAhirajappe jo vaTTai so havei bahirappA | jappe jo Na vaTTai so uccai antaraMgappA / / 150 / / ' 'akkhANi bAhirappA antaraappA hu appasaMkaSpo / kammakalaMka vimukkA paramappA bhaNNae devo / / 5 / / ' 'bahiratthe phuriyamaNo iMdiyadAreNa Niyasaruvacuo / NiyadehaM appANaM ajjhavasadi mUDhadiTThIo // 8 // - niyamasAra gAthA 146 kI padmaprabha kI saMskRta TIkA / - niyamasAra / - mokkhapAhu / - mokkhapAhuDa / - niyamasAra / Page #220 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahirAtmA saMsAra meM bhaTakate rahate haiM / " kundakundadeva ke anusAra yahA~ AtmA ko jAnane kA artha kevala use vastugata rUpa se jAnanA hI hai; kyoMki satya kI samajha hokara bhI yadi satya AcaraNa nahIM hotA to vaha jJAna bhI ajJAnarUpa pariNamana hI karatA hai| jaba taka paradravyoM arthAt bAhya padArthoM meM AMzika ruci bhI banI huI hai taba taka vaha AtmaramaNa yA svasvabhAva se vaMcita hI hai / aisA vyakti bhI mUr3ha yA ajJAnI hI kahA jAtA hai / AcArya kundakundadeva ke anusAra jo jJAna jIvana yA AcaraNa meM pratiphalita nahIM hotA, vaha jJAna bhI ajJAna hI hai / ve kahate haiM ki jo loga vrata, niyama Adi se vimukha haiM ve zuddha svabhAva se bhI cyuta haiN| unakA jJAna samyagjJAna nahIM hai| ve sAMsArika sukha bhogoM meM nirata hokara yaha kahate haiM ki abhI dhyAna kA kAla nahIM hai arthAt isa yuga meM zuddhAcaraNa sambhava nahIM hai / bahirAtmA kI vicitra sthiti ko spaSTa karate hue ve likhate haiM ki "pApa se mohita mativAle kucha loga jinendra ke liMga ko dhAraNa karake bhI pApakarmoM meM nirata rahate haiM / ve mokSamArga se patita hI haiN| ve Age kahate haiM ki jisakA citta AtmasvabhAva se viparIta yA bahirmukhI hai, vividha prakAra ke upavAsa Adi tapoM se bhI usako kyA lAbha hogA? vastutaH jo AtmasvabhAva se vimukha hai arthAt jisakA citta bAhya vastuoM ke prati sammohita hai yahI usa AtmA kI bahirmukhatA hai / yadi aisA muni aneka 5 'saparajjhavasAeNaM dehesu ya avididatthamappANaM / suyadArAIvisae maNuyANaM vaDDhae moho / / 10 / / ' k 'micchANANesu rao micchA bhAveNa bhAvio santo / 7 T t mohodaeNa puNaravi aMgaM saM maNNae maNuo / / 11 / / ' 'jo dehe Niravekkho NihaMdo Nimmamo NirArambho / AdasahAve surao jo iso lahai NivvANaM / / 12 / / ' (ka) 'paradavvarao bajjhadi virao muccei vivihakammehiM / eso jiuvadeso samAsado bandhamukkhassa / / 13 / / ' (kha) ' saddavvarao savaNo sammAiTThI havei niyameNa / sammattapariNado uNa khavei duTThaTThakammAI / / 14 / / ' (ga) 'jo puNa paradavvarao micchAdiTThI havei so sAhU / micchattapariNado puNa bajjhadi daTThaTThakammehiM / / 15 / / ' 'paradavvAdo duggaI saddavvAdo hu suggaI hoi / iya NAUNa sadavve kuha raI virai iyarammi / / 16 / / ' 173 -vahI / vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / vahI / Page #221 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 174 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA zAstroM ko par3hatA hai tathA nAnA prakAra ke cAritroM kA pAlana karatA hai, to bhI usakI vaha sarva pravRtti AtmasvarUpa se viparIta hone ke kAraNa usakA vaha adhyayana aura cAritrapAlana bAlazruta aura bAlacAritra hI hotA hai| jaba taka yaha AtmA bAhya aindrika viSayoM se jur3I huI hai, bahirAtmA hI hai| vaha mokSa mArga se vimukha hai| 3.2.2 kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM bahirAtmA ke lakSaNa ___ svAmI kArtikeya bahirAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM ki jo AtmA tIvra kaSAyoM (anantAnubandhI kaSAyoM) se pUrNataH AviSTa hai aura isa prakAra zarIra aura AtmA ko eka mAnatI hai, vaha bahirAtmA hai| yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki svAmI kArtikeya ne bahirAtmA ke tIna lakSaNa batAye haiM - prathama tIvra kaSAyoM (arthAta anantAnubandhI) se grasita honA; dUsarA mithyAdRSTi honA aura tIsarA AtmA aura zarIra meM ekattva bhaavnaa| yadyapi ye tInoM hI lakSaNa pRthak-pRthak kahe jAte haiM, kintu inakA mUla to eka hI hai; kyoMki jahA~ anantAnubandhI kaSAya hotI hai vahA~ niyama se mithyAtva hotA hai|" jahA~ mithyAtva hotA hai vahA~ deha aura AtmA meM tAdAtmya mAnane kI pravRtti hotI hai|2 svAmI kArtikeya likhate haiM ki aneka bAra yaha AtmA ratnatraya ko prApta kara letI hai, phira bhI tIvra kaSAyoM se AviSTa hokara usa ratnatraya kA nAza karake durgati ko -vhii| (ka) 'jiNavaramaeNa joI jhANe jhAei suddhamappANaM / jeNa lahai NivvANaM Na lahai kiM teNaM suraloyaM / / 20 / / ' -vahI / (ba) 'jo jAi joyaNasayaM diyaheNekkeNa levi gurubhAraM / so kiM kosaddhaM pi hu Na sakkae jAhu bhuvaNayale / / 21 / / ' -vhii| (ga) 'jo koDie Na jippai suhaDo saMgAmaehiM savvehiM / so kiM jippai ikkiM NareNa saMgAmae suhar3o / / 22 / / (gha) 'saggaM taveNa sabbo vi pAvae tahiM vi jhANajoeNa / ___ jo pAvai so pAvai paraloe sAsayaM sokkhaM / / 23 / / ' -vahI / 'micchattapariNadappA, tivvakasAeNa suThu AviTTho / jIvaM dehaM ekkaM, maNNaMto hodi bahirappA / / 163 / / ' -kArtikeyAnuprekSA (lokAnuprekSA) / 'aNNaM dehaM gihaNdI, jaNNi aNNA ya hodi kammAdo / aNNaM hodi kalattaM, aNNo vi ya jAyade putto / / 80 / / ' -kArtikeyAnuprekSA (anyatvAnuprekSA) / Page #222 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahirAtmA 175 prApta karatI hai|3 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki svAmI kArtikeya kI kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM anantAnubandhI kaSAyoM se AviSTa honA hI bahirAtmA kA pramukha lakSaNa hai| kyoMki jahA~ anantAnubandhI kaSAyoM kA udaya hotA hai, vahA~ niyama se hI AtmA samyagdarzana se cyuta hokara mithyAtva ko grahaNa karatI hai|" bodhidurlabha bhAvanA meM batAyA gayA hai ki samyaktva kI prApti atyanta kaThina hai kyoMki nigoda se lekara asaMjJI paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM meM samyaktva ko prApta karane kI zakti hI nahIM hotI aura jaba taka samyaktva kI prApti nahIM hotI taba taka vaha bahirAtmA hI hotA hai|'6 saMjJI paMcendriya jIvana ko prApta karane ke bAda bhI yadi vyakti anantAnubandhI kaSAyoM se AviSTa hai, to vaha samyagdarzana kI prApti se vaMcita hI rahatA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, unhoMne yaha bhI kahA hai ki yadi vaha samyaktva aura zIla ko prApta bhI kara le, to bhI vaha anantAnubandhI tIvra kaSAyoM ke AviSTa hone para samyaktva aura zIla se patita ho jAtA hai| jo bhI tIvra kaSAyoM se AviSTa hai, vaha bahirAtmA hI hai| punaH bahirAtmA kI pravRttiyoM ko spaSTa -vahI / 'sammatte vi ya laddhe, cArittaM Neva giNhade jIvo / aha kaha vi taM pi giNhadi, to pAle, Na sakkedi / / 265 / / ' (ka) 'rayaNu bva jalahi-paDiyaM maNuyattaM taM pi hodi aidulahaM / ___ evaM suNicchaitA, micchakasAye ya vajjeha / / 267 // ' -kArtikeyAnuprekSA (anyatvAnuprekSA) / (ka) 'ahavA devo hodi hu, tattha vi pAvedi kaha va sammattaM / to tavacaraNa Na lahadi, desajamaM sIla lesaM pi / / 268 / / -vahI / (kha) 'maNuvagaIe vi tao, maNuvugaIe mahavvadaM sayalaM / maNuvagaIe jhANaM, maNuvagaIe vi NivvANaM / / 266 / / ' -kAtirkeyAnuprekSA (dharmAnuprekSA) / 'iya savvadulahadulahaM, daMsaNa NANaM tahA carittaM ca / muNiUNa ya saMsAre, mahAyaraM kuNaha tiNhaM pi / / 301 / / ' -kArtikeyAnuprekSA (bodhidurlabha bhAvanA, shchppy)| (ka) 'aha NIroo hodi hu, taha vi NaM pAvei jIviyaM suiraM / ___ aha cirakAlaM jIvadi, to sIlaM Neva pAvei / / 263 / / ' -kArtikeyAnuprekSA (bodhidurlabha bhAvanA, sahachappaya) / (kha)'aha hodi sIlajutto, taha vi Na pAvei sAhusaMsaggaM / aha taM pi kaha vi pAvadi, sammattaM taha vi aidulahaM / / 264 / / ' -vahI / 'jIvo vi havai pAvaM, tivvakasAyapariNado NiccaM / jIvo vi havei puNNaM, uvasamabhAveNa saMjutto / / 160 / / ' -kArtikeyAnuprekSA (lokaanuprekssaa)| Page #223 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA karate hue ve likhate haiM ki bahirAtmA durlabha manuSya janma ko prApta karake bhI viSayoM meM ramaNa karatI hai aura manuSya janma ko vaise hI vyartha kara detI hai" jaise koI divya ratna ko prApta karake bhI bhasma Adi ke lie use dagdha kara detA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jaba taka vyakti tIvra kaSAyoM se AviSTa hai, ekendriya viSayoM se AviSTa hai, taba taka vaha bahirAtmA hai / 20 176 3.2.3 AcArya devanandI ke anusAra bahirAtmA kA svarUpa AcArya pUjyapAda devanandI bahirAtmA kI carcA karate hue likhate haiM ki bahirAtmA arthAt mUr3ha AtmA AtmajJAna se parAGmukha hotI huI pAMcoM indriyoM ke viSaya meM sphurAyamAna hotI hai / bahir + bahirAtmA / nimitta, saMyoga aura rAga ye saba bAhya mUr3ha AtmA manuSya, tiryaMca, deva, narakAdi deha meM sthita AtmA ko usI rUpa meM mAnatI hai; kintu tattva kI apekSA se AtmA vaisI nahIM hai / AtmA anantAnanta jJAna - zaktirUpa hai, svAnubhavagamya yA svasvarUpa meM nizcala hai aisA bahirAtmA nahIM mAnatI / 22 ve Age likhate haiM ki bahirAtmA ke tIna bhrama nimna haiM : 1. jisa zarIra meM yaha AtmA rahatI hai, vaha usa zarIra ko hI AtmA mAnatI hai / 2. jina paradehoM meM anya AtmAe~ rahatI haiM, unheM vaha anya jIva samajhatI hai / 3. vaha deha kI utpatti meM nimittAdi ko mAnatI hai 1 isa prakAra bahirAtmA bhrama meM jIvana yApana karatI hai / isI bhrama AtmA .21 20 21 = 16 'rayaNaM cauppa he piva, maNuattaM suTTha dullahaM lahiya / maccho havei jIvo, tatya vi pAvaM samajjedi / / 260 / / ' - kArtikeyAnuprekSA (bodhidurlabhAnuprekSA) / 'iya dulahaM, maNuyattaM, lahiUNaM je ramanti visaesu / telahiyaM divvarayaNaM, bhUiNimittaM pajAlaMti / / 300|| ' - kArtikeyAnuprekSA (bodhidurlabhAnuprekSA) / 'bahirAtmendriyadvArairAtmajJAnaparAGmukhaH / -samAdhitaMtra / 22 sphuritaH svAtmano dehamAtmatvenAdhyavasyati / / 7 / / ' samAdhitaMtra zloka 8 evaM 6 / - - Page #224 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahirAtmA bahirAtmA kA lakSya meM avidyA nAmaka saMskAra dRr3ha hotA hai / 3 bAhara kI ora hotA hai / AtmasvarUpa kI ora usakA lakSya nahIM hotaa| 3.2.4 yogIndudeva kI racanAoM meM bahirAtmA kA svarUpa paramAtmaprakAza meM bahirAtmA bAhya AtmA kA nirvacana karate hue yogIndudeva kahate haiM ki "jo jIva paryAyoM meM Asakta banA huA hai vaha jIva ajJAnI aura mUr3ha hotA hai / "24 vaha apane isI ajJAna ke vaza meM hone ke kAraNa honevAle rAga-dveSa, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi vibhAva-paryAyoM ko apanI mAna letA hai aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa aneka prakAra ke karmoM kA bandha karatA huA saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai / 25 aisA ajJAnIjIva mithyAtva meM pariNamana karatA huA, karmajanita zarIrAdi jo parabhAva haiM, unako apanA mAnatA hai / 27 bhedavijJAna arthAt Atma-anAtma ke samyak viveka ke abhAva meM vaha karmajanita gore, kAle, sthUla, kRza zarIrAdi tathA rAga-dveSa se janita krodha, mAna Adi kaSAyoM ko apanA mAnatA hai / vaha kahatA hai ki maiM gorA hU~, maiM kAlA hU~, maiM sthUla hU~, kRza hU~, 28 maiM 26 23 vahI zloka 11-13, 15 evaM 16 / 24 25 26 27 28 'jo paramatyeM Nikkalu vi kamma vibhiNNau jo ji / mUDhA salu bhaNati phuDu muNi paramappau so ji / / 37 / / ' 'pajjaya rattau jIvaDau micchAdiTTi havei / baMdha bahu viha kammaDA je saMsArU bhamei / / 77 / / ' 'kammaIM diDha-ghaNa-cikkaNai~ garuvai~ vajja- samAIM / NA - vikkhaNu jIvaDau uppahi pADahiM tAIM / / 78 / ' 'jiu micchatteM pariNamiu vivariu taccu muNeI / kamma viNimmiya bhAvaDA te appANu bhaNei / / 76 / / ' 'hau~ gorau hau~ sAmalau hau~ ji vibhiNNau vaNNu / hau~ ta aMgau~ thUluhau~ ehau~ mUDhau maNNu / / 80 / / ' 177 - paramAtmaprakAza 1 / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI | -vahI / Page #225 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 178 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA brAhmaNa hU~, maiM vaNika hU~, maiM kSatriya hU~, maiM zUdra hU~,26 athavA maiM strI hU~, maiM puruSa hU~, maiM napuMsaka hU~, maiM javAna hU~, maiM vRddha hU~, maiM rUpavAna hU~, maiM zUravIra hU~, maiM paNDita hU~, maiM digambara hU~, maiM zvetAmbara hU~ aadi|30 isa prakAra vaha karmajanya zarIrAdi paryAyoM ko hI apanA mAnatA hai|" vaha bhedavijJAna ke abhAva meM mAtA-pitA, patnI-putra, mitra aura kuTumbIjanoM ko athavA cA~dI-sonAdi paradravyoM athavA naukara-cAkara, gAya-baila, hAthI-ghor3e, ratha-pAlakI Adi ko apanA mAnatA hai|32 yaha para-vastuoM meM Atma-buddhi hI usake duHkha kA kAraNa hai| aisA vyakti bahirAtmA kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki vaha ina saba 'para' vastuoM ke nimitta hiMsA, jhUTha Adi pApakarmoM kA sevana karatA hai| yogIndudeva likhate haiM ki brahmA Adi deva jagat ke kartA nahIM haiN| yaha jIvAtmA hI jJAnAvaraNa Adi karmarUpa kAraNoM ko prApta kara aneka prakAra ke jagat kI sRSTi karatA hai| jIvAtmA hI vastutaH apane saMsAra kA kartA kahA jAtA hai| kyoMki vaha karmoM ke kAraNa vividha zarIra, rUpa, strI, puruSa Adi vibhinna avasthAoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai| vastutaH paramAtmA ko jo sRSTi kA kartA kahA jAtA hai, vaha isa apekSA se ki jIvAtmA hI apane zuddha svarUpa meM paramAtmA hai| kintu vahI karmoM se Abaddha hokara bahirmukhI hone ke kAraNa apane saMsAra kA kartA bana jAtA hai| zuddharUpa se jo paramAtmA hai vahI karmajanya azubha avasthA ke kAraNa apane saMsAra kA kartA -paramAtmaprakAza 1 // -vhii| -vahI / 26 'hau~ varu baMbhaNu vaisu hau~ hau~ khatti hau~ sesu / purisu Nau~sara itthi hau~ maNNai mUdu visesu / / 81 / / ' 'taruNau bUDhau ruyaDau sUrau paMDiu divbu / khavaNau vaMdau sevaDau mUDhau maNNai savvu / / 62 / / " 'appA vaMdau khavaNu Na vi appA gurau Na hoi| appA liMgiu ekku Na vi NANiu jANai joi / / 88 // ' ___ 'jaNaNI jaNaNu vi kaMta gharu puttu vi mittu vi davu / mAyA-jAlu vi appaNau mUDhau maNNai sabbu / / 83 / / " 'dukkhaha~ kAraNi je visaya te suha heu ramei / michAiTThiu jIvaDau itthu Na kAI karei / / 84 / / ' 'jo jiu heu lahevi vihi jagu bahu-vihau jaNei / / liMgattaya parimaMDiyau so paramappapu havei / / 40 / / ' -vhii| -vhii| -vahI / Page #226 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahirAtmA 176 hotA hai|5 yogIndudeva ne vividha devoM aura vividha liMgoM ko dhAraNa karanA bahirAtmA kA lakSaNa mAnA hai| bahirAtmA hI janma-maraNarUpa saMsAra kA kartA hotI hai| yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki jisa prakAra anya darzanoM meM mAyA se yukta brahma yA Izvara ko sRSTikartA kahA gayA hai; yogIndadeva ne bhI karmoM ke nimitta se paramAtmasvarUpa AtmA ko sRSTi kA kartA batAyA hai| kintu unakI dRSTi meM yaha kartRtva guNa paramAtmA kA nahIM apitu bahirAtmA kA lakSaNa hai| yogIndudeva bahirAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue sarvaprathama yaha batAte haiM ki jo rAgAdibhAva haiM, ve kaSAyarUpa haiM aura jaba taka anantAnubandhI kaSAya kA udaya rahatA hai, taba taka vyakti mithyAdaSTi hotA hai| mithyAdaSTi hI bahirAtmA hai| usako svasaMvedana evaM samyagjJAna nahIM hotaa|37 yogIndadeva AtmA ke tIna bhedoM meM se bahirAtmA kA lakSaNa batAte hue likhate haiM ki rAgAdirUpa se pariNata honevAlI bahirAtmA hai;8 kyoMki bahirAtmA kA vItarAga nirvikalpa svasaMvedana jJAnarUpa pariNamana nahIM hotaa| yogIndudeva ne bahirAtmA ko mUr3ha, bahirmukha evaM mithyAdRSTi kahA hai|36 jJAtavya hai ki paramAtmaprakAza meM bahirAtmA ke lie mUr3ha kA lakSaNa spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo deha ko hI AtmA mAna letA hai vaha mUr3ha yA bahirAtmA hai|0 paramAtmaprakAza meM yogIndudeva bahirAtmA ko vyAkhyAyita karate hue kahate haiM ki bahirAtmA nirdayI hokara anya jIvoM ke prANa haratI 25 'jasu abbhaMtari jagu vasai jaga abbhaMtari jo ji| jagi ji vasantu vi jagu ji Na vi muNi paramappau so ji / / 41 / / " -vahI / 'jAMvai NANiu uvasamai tAmai saMjadu hoi / / hoi kasAyahaM vasi gayau jIu asaMjadu soi / / 41 / / ' -paramAtmaprakAza 2 / 'jeNa kasAya havaMti maNi se jiya millahi mohu / moha kasAya vivajjayau para pAvahi sama bohu / / 42 / / ' -vahI / 'tattAtattu muNevi maNi je thakkA samabhAvi / te para suhiyA ityu jagi jaha~ raha appa-sahAvi / / 43 / / ' -vahI / 'dehahaM uppari parama-muNi desu vi karai Na rAu / dehaha~ jeNa viyANiyau bhiNNau appa-sahAu / / 51 / / ' -paramAtmaprakAza 2 / 'deha vibhiNNau NANamau jo paramappu Niei / parama-samAhi-pariTThiyau paMDiu so ji havei / / 14 / / ' -paramAtmaprakAza 1 / Page #227 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 180 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA hai aura zastrAdika se unakA ghAta karatI hai| unheM kATatI hai athavA hAtha-paira-lAThI se prahAra karatI hai| yaha hiMsA pApa kA mUla hai| ataH ise bahirAtmA kA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai| yaha jIva mithyAtva ke kAraNa rAgAdi bhAvoM meM pariNata hokara pahale to apane hI zuddha svabhAva kA ghAta karatA hai - dUsare jIvoM kA ghAta to ho yA na ho, yaha to unake AyuSya para AdhArita hai, parantu jaise hI usa bahirAtmA ne bhAva se dUsare jIvoM ke ghAta kA vicAra kiyA vaise hI vaha AtmaghAtI to ho cukI hai| 2 anyatra yogIndudeva aisA bhI kahate haiM ki jo AtmA kaSAyayukta hai, nirdayI hai, vaha pahale to svayaM hI apane zuddha svabhAva kA ghAta karatI hai - isalie AtmaghAtI hai| Age yogIndudeva usa bahirAtmA kI kyA gati hotI hai aura usakA saMsAra paribhramaNa kaise bar3hatA hai isakA vivecana karate hue kahate haiM ki nizcaya se to mithyAtva evaM viSaya-kaSAya rUpa pariNamana karane se hI vaha AtmaghAtI hotI hai aura vyavahAra se anya jIvoM ke indriyabala, Ayu, zvAsochvAsa Adi rUpa prANoM kA vinAza karane ke kAraNa vaha anya jIvoM kI bhI hiMsaka hotI hai| aisI AtmA kI naraka gati hotI hai|3 bahirAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki zuddhAtmA ke atirikta pA~coM indriyoM ke viSayarUpa bAhya padArtha nAzavAna haiN| phira bhI bahirAtmA bhrama se zuddha svabhAva rUpa Atmadravya ko chor3akara usa asAra bhUse ko kUTane kA prayAsa karatI hai yA bAhya padArthoM ke prati rAgAdi bhAva meM lIna rahatI hai arthAt vibhAva-pariNamana karatI rahatI hai| paramAtmaprakAza meM yogIndudeva bahirAtmA ke svarUpa ko 41 -paramAtmaprakAza 2 / -vhii| 'mArivi jIvaha~ lakkhar3A jaM jiya pAu karIsi / putta kalattaha~ kAraNa. taM tuhu~ ekku sahIsi / / 125 // " 'mArivi cUrivi jIvaDA jaM tuhuM dukkhu karIsi / / taM taha pAsi aNaMta-guNu avasai~ jIva lahIsi / / 126 / / ' 'jIva vahaMtaha~ Naraya gai abhaya padANe saggu / be paha javalA darisiyA jahiM rUccai tahiM laggu / / 127 / / ' 'dehaha~ upari parama-muNi desu vi karai Na rAu / dehaha~ jeNa viyANiyau bhiNNau appa-sahAu / / 51 / / ' ___ 'mUDhA sayalu vi kArimau bhullau maM tusa kaMDi / / siva pahi Nimmali karahi rai gharu pariyaNu lahu chaMDi / / 128 / / ' -vhii| -vhii| -vahI / Page #228 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahirAtmA 181 vyAkhyAyita karate hue kahate haiM ki bhedavijJAna se rahita yaha (mUr3ha) bahirAtmA zuddhAtmA kI bhAvanA se parAGmukha hai aura zubhAzubha karmoM kA bandha karatI hai tathA anantajJAnAdi svarUpa mokSa kA kAraNa jo vItarAga paramAnandasvarUpa nija zuddhAtmA hai, usakA bhI vaha eka kSaNa ke lie vicAra nahIM karatI evaM Arta-raudra dhyAna meM magna rahatI hai|6 ataH use bahirAtmA kA lakSaNa kahA jAtA hai| Age ve kahate haiM ki yaha jIva caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM aneka tApa sahatA huA bAhya saMsAra meM bhaTaka rahA hai| nija paramAtmatattva ke dhyAna se pare rahakara atIndriya sukha se vimukha deha va mana ke sukha aura duHkhoM ko sahatA huA bhramaNa karatA hai evaM mAtA, pitA, bhrAtA, mitra, pUtra kalatrAdi meM mohita hai| isa kAraNa se yogIndudeva ne use ajJAnI kahA hai| yaha bahirAtmA vItarAga nirvikalpa svasaMvedana rahita hai evaM ise Atmatattva kI carcA meM rUci nahIM hotii| yogIndudeva ne paramAtmaprakAza kI gAthA 123-24 meM bahirAtma-bhAva kA varNana kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki yaha jIva ghara parivAra aura zarIrAdi ke mamatva meM magna rahatA hai| bahirAtmA zuddhAtmadravya se viparIta hai| yogIndudeva ne yahA~ para bahirAtmA kA citraNa kiyA hai| bahirmukhI AtmA ghara-parivArAdi kI cintA karatI hai; putra, kuTumba ke lie hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla, parigrahAdi kA pApa karatI hai aura bAhya meM aneka jIvoM kI hiMsA karake zubhAzubha karmoM kA upArjana karatI rahatI hai| yahI bahirAtmA narakAdi gati kA phala bhI akele bhogatI hai|6|| 'dhaMdhai paDiyau sayalu jaggu kammai~ karai ayANu / mokkhahaM kAraNu ekku khaNu Navi ciMtai appANu / / 121 / / ' vhii| 'joNi lakkhai~ paribhamai appA dukkhu sahaMtu / putta-kalattahiM mohiyau jAvA Na NANu mahaMtu / / 122 / / ' -vahI / (ka) 'jIva Na jANahi appaNaU~ gharu pariyaNu taNu ichu / kammAyattau kArimau Agami joihiM dicha / / 123 // ' -paramAtmaprakAza 2 / (kha) 'mukkhuNa pAvahi jIva tuhu~ gharu pariyaNu ciMtaMtu / to vari ciMtahi tau ji tau pAvahi mokkhu mahattu / / 124 / / ' -vahI / 46 'mArivi jIvaha~ lakkhaDA jaM jiya pAu karIsi / putta kalattahaM kAraNa. taM tuhuM ekku sahIsi / / 125 / / ' -vahI / Page #229 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 182 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA yogasAra meM bahirAtmA __ yogIndudeva ne paramAtmaprakAza ke samAna hI yogasAra meM bahirAtmA ke lakSaNoM ko spaSTa karate hue batAyA hai ki jo mithyAdarzana se mohita hai aura deha Adi para-padArthoM ko apanA mAnatI hai use bahirAtmA kahA jAtA hai| unakI dRSTi meM jo dehAdi para-padArtha haiM, unako apanA mAnanA hI mithyAtva hai aura isI mithyAtva ke kAraNa AtmA kI dRSTi bahirmukha hotI hai| isI bahirmukha ke AdhAra para hI use bahirAtmA kahA jAtA hai| yogIndudeva kI dRSTi meM jaba taka vyakti paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko nahIM samajhatA hai aura parabhAva arthAt 'para' meM mamatva buddhi kA tyAga nahIM karatA hai, taba taka vaha bahirAtmA hai| jo apanI AtmA ke zuddhasvarUpa ko nahIM jAnatA hai aura parabhAva kA tyAga nahIM karatA hai vaha bhale hI sampUrNa zAstroM kA jJAtA bana jAya, vaha mokSa ko prApta nahIM kara paataa| 3.2.5 muni rAmasiMha ke pAhuDadohA meM bahirAtmA ke lakSaNa muni rAmasiMha ke dvArA apabhraMza bhASA meM racita 'pAhuDadohA' meM spaSTa rUpa se trividha AtmA kA ullekha to nahIM milatA, kintu usameM prakArAntara se bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA nirvacana upalabdha hotA hai| sarvaprathama usameM bahirAtmA ke lakSaNoM kI carcA gAthA kramAMka 6 se 24 taka kI gaI hai, kintu anya gAthAoM meM bhI bahirAtmA ke jIvana ke nirdeza upalabdha hote haiN| sarvaprathama usameM batAyA gayA hai ki cAhe vyakti viSaya sukha kA bhoga na kare, kintu yadi usake hRdaya meM viSaya sukha bhogane kI AkAMkSA -yogsaar| 50 micchA daMsaNa mohiyau paru appA Na munnei| so bahirappA jiNa bhaNiu puNa saMsAra bhamei / / 7 / / ' 51 'dehAdiu je pari kahiyA te appaNu muNei / so bahirappA jiNa bhaNiu puNu saMsAru bhamei / / 10 / ' 52 'aha puNu appA Navi muNahi puNNu ji karahi asesa / to vi Na pAvahi siddhi suha puNu saMsAru bhamesa / / 15 / / ' vhii| -vahI / Page #230 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahirAtmA 183 sthita hai to vaha viSaya AkAMkSI hI mAnA jaayegaa|3 aisA vyakti saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai aura use AtmA ke zuddha sva-svarUpa kA bodha nahIM hotaa| Age muni rAmasiMha kahate haiM ki jaba taka yaha AtmA putra, strI Adi meM mohita hokara bodhi ko prApta nahIM hotI, taba taka vaha saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatI rahatI hai|5 kyoMki jaba taka jIva moha ke vazIbhUta hokara'6 viSaya parAdhInatA rUpa duHkha ko sukha aura Atmika sukha ko duHkha mAna letA hai;57 taba taka vaha saMsAra paribhramaNa se baca nahIM pAtA hai|8 vastutaH gRhavAsa arthAt sAMsArika viSaya bhogoM kA jIvana yamarAja ke dvArA phailAyA gayA jAla hai jisameM phaMsakara vyakti duHkhI hI rahatA hai| isI krama meM muni rAmasiMha ne isa bAta para sarvAdhika bala diyA hai ki jaba taka antara se bhogAkAMkSA samApta nahIM hotI0 taba taka cAhe vyakti bAhara se muni kA veza hI kyoM na dhAraNa kara le, vaha duHkhoM se mukta nahIM ho sktaa| jaise sarpa -paahudddohaa| -vhii| -vahI / -paahudddohaa| 53 'Navi bhuMjatAM visayasuhu hiyaDara bhAu dharaMti / sAli sitthu jima vappuDau Nara NarayahaM NivaDaMti / / 6 / / ' (ka) 'dhaMdhaI paDiyau jagu kammaI karai ayANu / ___ mokkhaha kAraNu eNNu khaNu Navi ciMtai appANu / / 7 / / ' (kha) 'AyaI aDabaDa vaDavaDai para raMjijjai lou / / __ maNasuddhai Niccala Thiyai pAvijjai paralou / / 8 / / ' 'joNihiM lakkhahiM paribhamai appA dukkhu sahaMtu / putakalattahaM mohiyau jAva Na bohi lahaMtu / / 6 / / ' 'aNNu ma jANahi appaNau gharu-pariyaNu jo iThU / kammAyattau kArimau Agami joihiM siThU / / 10 / / ' 'jaM dukkhu vi taM sukkhu kiu jaM suhu taM pi ya dukkhu / paI jiya mohahiM vasi gayau teNa Na pAyau mokkhu / / 11 / ' 'mokkhu Na pAvahi jIva tuhuM dhaNu-pariyaNu ciMtaMtu / tou vi ciMtahi tau vi tau pAvahi sukkhu mahaMtu / / 12 / / ' 'gharavAsau mA jANi jiya dukkiyavAsau ehu / pAsu kayaMte maMDiyau avicalu NIsaMdehu / / 13 / / ' 'mUDhA sayalu vi kArimau maM phuDu tuhuM tusa kaMDi / sivapahi Nimmali karahi rai gharu-pariyaNu lahu chaMDi / / 14 / / ' 'mohu vilijjai maNu bharai tuTThai sAsu-NisAsu / / kevalaNANu vi pariNavai aMvari jAe NivAsu / / 15 / / ' -vhii| - vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / Page #231 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 63 cAhe keMculI chor3a de kintu viSa ko nahIM chor3atA hai usI prakAra bhogAkAMkSA meM lipta vyakti veza ko badala letA hai kintu antara meM bhogAkAMkSA banI rahatI hai / 62 vastutaH jaba taka antara se viSayakAMkSA samApta nahIM hotI; taba taka vyakti kA jIvana bahirmukhI banA rahatA hai / 4 bahirmukhI AtmA ke lakSaNa ko spaSTa karate hue muni rAmasiMha kahate haiM ki jo jIva tattvajJAna se rahita hone ke kAraNa AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa ko nahIM jAnate haiM" aura karmavinirmita zarIrAdi evaM kaSAyAdi ko hI apanA mAnate haiM ve nizcita hI bahirmukhI haiM / 66 184 .67 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki muni rAmasiMha viSayabhoga kI apekSA viSayAkA~kSA ko vyakti ke bahirmukhI jIvana kA mukhya AdhAra mAnate haiM / 7 unake anusAra cAhe vyakti dhArmika kriyAkANDoM ko karatA rahe aura bAhara se indriyoM ke viSayoM kA sevana bhI na kare, kintu jaba taka mana meM viSayakAMkSA banI huI hai, taba taka usakI jIvana dRSTi mithyA yA bahirmukhI rahatI hai| isalie unakA sarvAdhika bala isa bAta para hai ki sarvaprathama vyakti ko apane jIvana ko badalanA hogaa| unakA kahanA hai ki jo para hai vaha para hI rahatA hai / vaha kabhI apanA nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki jaba taka jIvana meM 'para' ke prati mamatvabuddhi hai, taba taka vyakti kI 62 'sappe mukkI kaMculiya jaM visu taM Na muei / 63 64 65 66 67 68 bheyahaM bhAu Na pariharai liMgaggahaNu karei / / 16 / / ' jo muNi chaMDivi visayasuha puNu ahilAsu karei / luMca sosaNu so sahai puNu saMsAru bhamei / / 17 / / ' 'visayA suha dui divahaDA puNu dukkhahaM parivADi / bhullau jIva ma bAhi tuhaM appAkhaMdhi kuhADi / / 18 / / ' 'uvvaDi coppaDi ciTTha kari dehi sumiTThAhAru / sayala vi deha - Nirattha gaya jima dujjaNa uvayAru / / 16 / / 'athireNa thirA maileNa NimmalA NigguNeNa guNasArA / kAeNa jA viDhappai sA kiriyA kiNNa kAyavvA / / 20 / / ' 'ummulivi te mUlaguNa uttaraguNahiM vilagga / vAraje palaMba buDuya paDeviNu bhagga / / 21 / / ' 'varu visu visaharu varu jalaNu varu seviu vaNavAsu / Nau jiNadhammarammuhau micchattiya sahu vAsu / / 22 / / ' -vahI | -vahI / -vahI | -vahI / - vahIM -vahI 1 -vahI / Page #232 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahirAtmA jIvanadRSTi vikRta hI hai| unakI dRSTi meM para-padArtha bhI duHkha ke kAraNa nahIM haiM, pratyuta una para - padArthoM meM jaba taka ekatva yA mamatva buddhi rahatI hai; taba taka vyakti bahirmukhI rahatA hai| unake anusAra na kevala bAhya padArtha apitu rAga-dveSa, moha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, harSa, zoka Adi bhI AtmA ke lie bAhyatattva haiM, kyoMki ye sabhI karmoM ke pariNamana rUpa haiM AtmA ke sva-svarUpa nahIM haiM / jaba taka vyakti inase jur3A huA hai taba taka vaha bahirmukhI hI hai / isa prakAra muni rAmasiMha ne viSayabhogoM ke prati ekatva yA mamatva kI buddhi tathA rAga-dveSa aura tajjanya kaSAyAdi bhAvoM meM anuraktatA ina sabhI ko bahirmukhI kA lakSaNa kahA hai| ve kahate haiM ki jIva tattvajJAna se rahita hone ke kAraNa vastu svarUpa ko viparIta mAnatA hai aura jAnatA hai / yahI AtmA kI bahirmukha dazA hai / " -- 66 muni rAmasiMha bahirAtmA ke svarUpa ko vyAkhyAyita karate hue kahate haiM ki cetanarUpI priyatama pA~coM indriyarUpI nAriyoM ke sneha meM Abaddha ho gayA hai arthAt vaha indriyoM ke vazIbhUta ho gayA hai| 2 jaba taka vaha indriyoM ke adhIna rahegA taba taka viSayabhogoM meM Asakta rahegA aura bhogoM meM Asakta AtmA kabhI bhI AtmAnubhava ke Ananda ko prApta nahIM kara skegii|73 viSayAsakta bahirAtmA nandanavanarupI zuddhAtmA ke Ananda- sarovara meM praveza nahIM kara sktii|74 muni rAmasiMha Age likhate haiM ki jaba icchAoM aura AkAMkSAoM kI udher3abuna meM rahatA hai, taba taka vaha taka mana 'so Natthi iha paeso caurAsIlakkhajoNimajjhammi | jiNavayaNaM alahaMto jattha Na durUDhaDhullio jIvo / / 23 / / ' 'appA bujjhiu Niccu jai kevalaNANasahAu / tA pari kijjai kAMi vaDha taNu uppari aNurAu / / 24 / / ' 'bohivivajjiu jIva tuhuM vivariu taccu muNehi / kammaviNimmiya bhAvaDA te appANa bhaNehi / / 26 / / ' 72 'paMcahiM bAhiru NehaDau hali sahi laggu piyassa / 70 71 - tAsu Na dIsai AgamaNu jo khalu miliu parassa / / 46 / / ' 73 'Dhillau hohi ma iMdiyahaM paMcaraM viNNi NivAri / 74 ekka nivArahi jIhaDiya aNNa parAiya NAri / / 44 / / ' 'paMca baladda Na rakkhiyaiM NaMdaNavaNu Na gaosi / appu Na jANiu Navi paru vi emaI pavvaiosi / / 45 / / ; 185 - pAhuDadohA / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI | -vahI / -vahI | Page #233 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA saMkalpa-vikalpoM meM ulajhatA rahatA hai| saMkalpa - vikalpoM kI isa sthiti meM citta sthira yA ekAgra nahIM hotA hai / vaha bahirmukha banA rahatA hai / ataH bahirAtmA kahalAtA hai| aisI AtmA ko nirvikalpadazA prApta nahIM hotI hai / yahA~ muni rAmasiMha AcArya kundakunda ke vicAroM se sahamata hote hue kahate haiM ki jo mana viSayAnurAga meM supta rahatA hai arthAt unase nirlipta rahatA hai vahI paramAtmA ke upadeza ko samajha pAtA hai| vastutaH jo citta ko acitta (vikalpazUnya) banA letA hai vahI nizcinta arthAt nirvikalpa hotA hai| ise prakArAntara se isa prakAra bhI kahA hai : "jo yogI dhyAnI muni vyavahAra meM sotA hai vaha apane svarUpa meM jAgatA hai aura jo vyavahAra ( bAhya) viSayoM meM jAgatA hai vaha apane AtmakArya meM sotA hai| vastutaH vaha bahirAtmA hai / " aisI bahirAtmA AtmAnubhUti nahIM kara pAtI hai kyoMki AtmAnubhUti meM usakI tanika ruci nahIM hotI / viSayAsakta bahirAtmA mAdhyasthabhAva yA vItarAgatA kI ArAdhanA nahIM kara sakatI / bahirAtmA kI viSayAsakta buddhi samApta nahIM hone ke kAraNa usakI abhiruci saMsArika bhogoM meM bar3hatI jAtI hai| muni rAmasiMha ne Age rAga-dveSa kI pravRtti ko hI saMsAra kahA hai / ataH vaha saMsArI AtmA hI hai / muni rAmasiMha ke 'pAhuDadohA' meM bahirAtmA ke svarUpa kA nirvacana nimna rUpa se upalabdha hotA hai| ve kahate haiM ki jo mUr3ha (bahirAtmA) para-padArthoM meM anurakta rahate haiM ve cAhe nagara meM hoM, gA~va meM hoM, vana meM hoM, parvata ke zikhara para hoM, samudra ke taTa para hoM athavA mahaloM meM hoM yA maTha, guphA, caityAlaya Adi kisI bhI sthAna para hoM unako raMcamAtra bhI nirAkula sukha upalabdha nahIM hotA / viSayoM meM Asakta rahanA bahirAtmA kA lakSaNa hai / jaise samudra kabhI bhI nadiyoM ke jala se tRpta nahIM hotA, vaise hI mUr3ha jIva (bahirAtmA) ko kAma - bhogAdi 77 186 75 'maNu jANai uvaesaDau jahiM sovai aciMtu / acittahaM cittu jo melavai so puNu hoi NiciMtu / / 47 / / ' 'ammie jo paru so ji paru paru appANa Na hoi / 76 77 hauM Dajjhau so uvvarai valivi Na jovai soi / / 52 / / ' 'mUDhA sayalu vi kArimau NikkArimau Na koi / jIva jaMta Na kuDi gayai yahu paDichaMdA joi / / 53 / / ' -vahI / - dahI / -vahI / Page #234 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahirAtmA .78 se kabhI bhI tRpti nahIM hotI / " bahirAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue muni rAmasiMha kahate haiM ki yaha bahirAtmA rAjya kA chatra pAkara arthAt rAjya ko prApta karake bhI sadA duHkhI rahatI hai / deharUpa devAlaya meM nivAsa karate hue bhI jo mahala Adi banavAtA hai jisakA citta rAga ke kolAhala meM athavA chaH prakAra ke rasoM athavA pA~ca prakAra ke rUpoM meM Asakta hai, vahI bahirAtmA hai| use upadeza dete hue muni rAmasiMha kahate haiM ki tU use hI apanA mitra banA, jisakA citta sAMsArika bhogoM meM Asakta na ho / 3.2.6 AcArya zubhacandra ke jJAnArNava meM bahirAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa jJAnArNava meM dvAdazAnuprekSAoM kI carcA karate hue AcArya zubhacandra ne bahirAtmA kI jIvana dRSTi ko spaSTa kiyA hai| AcArya zubhacandra kI dRSTi meM vastusvarUpa ke samyagjJAna ke abhAva meM bahirAtmA para-padArthoM para mamatva buddhi kA AropaNa karatI hai; saMsAra ke kSaNika sukhoM meM Asakta banatI hai aura saMsAra ke sAMyogika sambandhoM ko hI yathArtha mAna kara unameM rAga-dveSa karatI hai / " isa prakAra AcArya zubhacandra ne anAtma meM Atmabuddhi, duHkha ke nimittoM ko hI sukha kA sAdhana mAna lenA aura anitya yA kSaNabhaMgura viSayoM meM Asakti rakhanA bahirAtmA kA lakSaNa mAnA hai / 2 ve likhate haiM ki ajJAnI AtmA dvArA vastusvarUpa kA vicAra naM 26 'appA mellivi jaga tilau je paradavvi ramaMti / aNNu ki micchAdi TThiyaha matthaI siMgaI hoMti / / 71 / / 76 'chattu vi pAi sugaruDA sayala-kAla santAvi / to <9 82 187 NiyadehaDai vasantayahaM pAhaNa vADi vahAi / / 131 / / ' 'rAyavayallahiM chaharasahiM paMcahiM ruvahiM cittu / jAsu Na raMjiu bhuvaNayali so joiya kari mittu / / 133 / / ' 'AtmabuddhiH zarIrAdau yasya syAdAtmavibhramAt / bahirAtmA sa vijJeyo moha nidrAsta cetanaH / / 6 / / ' 'hRSikAryasamutpanne pratikSaNa vinazvare / sukhe kRtvA ratiM mUDha vinaSTaM bhuvanatrayaM / / 8 / / ' - pAhuDadohA / -vahI / -vahI / -jJAnArNava sarga 32 (zuddhopayoga ) / -vahI sarga 2 ( anityabhAvanA ) / Page #235 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 188 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA karake anAtma meM Atmabuddhi rakhanA yahI usakI mUla bhUla hai| vaha manuSya janma ko prApta karake bhI isa bAta ko nahIM samajhatI hai ki usakA vAstavika kalyANa kisameM hai? unake zabdoM meM vaha indrajAla se race hue kinnarapura ke samAna isa asAra saMsAra meM spRhA karatI huI evaM jo yauvana tathA parivArajana jala kI sataha va bijalI ke samAna caMcala haiM, unameM vaha racI pacI rahatI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM use saMsAra aura vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa kA bodha nahIM hotaa| ___AcArya zubhacandra kI dRSTi meM bahirAtmA kA dUsarA lakSaNa duHkha ke nimittoM ko sukharUpa mAnanA hai| ve likhate haiM ki saMsAra meM dhana-dhAnya, strI, kuTumba Adi jo parigraha hai, vaha vastutaH duHkha kA hetu hai| kintu yaha mUr3ha AtmA unako hI sukha kA hetu mAnakara unameM Asakta rahatI hai| unake anusAra isa saMsArarUpI samudra meM paribhramaNa karate hue yaha AtmA jitane sambandha banAtI hai, ve saba hI ApadAoM ke ghara haiM - duHkha ke nimitta haiN| kyoMki jo bhI sAMyogika hai unakA viyoga avazyambhAvI hai aura jahA~ viyoga hai vahA~ duHkha hI hai| punaH yaha ajJAnI AtmA jina bhogoM meM sukha mAnatI hai ve usa sarpa ke phaNa ke samAna haiM, jo vyakti ko Dasa letA hai|6 jina sAMsArika sukhoM ko hama sukha mAnate haiM ve duHkhoM se jur3e hue haiN| unakA Adi aura anta donoM hI duHkha rUpa hotA 'gagana nagarakalpaM saMgamaM vallabhAnAm / jaladapaTalatulyaM yauvanaM vA dhanaM vA / / sujanasuta zarIrAdIni vidyuccalAni / kSaNikamiti samastaM viddhi saMsAravRttam / / 47 // ' -jJAnArNava sarga 2 (dvAdazabhAvanA) / 'svajanadhanadhAnyadArAH pazuputra purAkarA gRhaM bhRtyAH / / maNikanakara citazayyA vastrAbharaNAdi bAhyArthAH / / 6 / / ' -vahI sarga 16 / (ka) 'bhavAbdhiprabhavAH sarve sambandhA vipadAspadam / __ sambhavanti manuSyANAM tathAnte suSThunIrasAH / / 6 / / ' -jJAnArNava sarga 12 / (kha) 'yAnapAtramivAmbhodhau guNavAnapi majjati / / parigraha gurutvena saMyamI janmasAgare / / 1 // ' -vahI sarga 16 / (ka) 'smarabhogIndravalmIkaM rAgAdyariniketanaM / krIDAspadamavidyAnAM budhairvittaM prakIrtitam / / 28 // ' -vahI / (kha) 'bhogA bhujaMgabhogAbhAH sadyaH prANapahAriNaH / sevyamAnAH prajAyante saMsAre tridazairapi / / 13 / / ' -vahI sarga 2 / Page #236 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahirAtmA 186 hai| isalie AcArya zubhacandra AtmA ko sAvadhAna karate hue kahate haiM ki jo sukha aura duHkha haiM, una donoM ko jJAna rUpI tarAjU meM toleMge to sukha se duHkha anantaguNA pratIta hogaa| . Age ve saMsAra kI kSaNikatA kA citraNa karate hue kahate haiM ki rAjAoM ke yahA~ jo ghar3I kA ghaNTA bajatA hai vaha vastutaH saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA ko hI prakaTa karatA hai| yaha jIvana ghar3I ke ghaNTe ke samAna kSaNabhaMgura hai| jo ghar3I bIta gaI vaha punaH lauTakara nahIM aatii|8 mRtyu hameM pratisamaya grasita kara rahI hai| jIvana kA ghara prati samaya rikta ho rahA hai| zarIra pratidina kSINa hotA jAtA hai| Ayubala ghaTatA jAtA hai| phira bhI yaha durbhAgya hai ki isa AtmA kI AzA aura tRSNA bar3hatI hI jAtI hai| AcArya zubhacandra ke zabdoM meM yaha jIvana to ThIka vaisA hI hai jaise aneka kSetroM se A-Akara saMdhyA ke samaya pakSI vRkSoM para baiThate haiM, kintu prAtaHkAla hote hI punaH ur3a jAte haiN| yaha jIva bhI vibhinna yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karatA huA vibhinna kula yA jAti meM janma letA hai, kintu Ayu pUrNa hote hI vahA~ se cala detA hai| hamArA sAMsArika AvAsa sthAI nahIM hai| prabhAta ke samaya jisa gRha meM Ananda utsava manAyA jAtA hai va mAMgalika gIta gAye jAte haiM 2, rAjyAbhiSeka hotA hai, usI dina saMdhyA ke samaya vahA~ citA kA -vahI / -vahI / 'yajjanmani sukhaM mUDha yacca duHkhaM puraHsthitam / tayorduHkhamanantaM syAttulAyAM kalpyamAnayoH / / 12 / / ' 'kSaNikatvaM vadantyAryA ghaTIghAtena bhUbhRtAm / kriyatAmAtmanaH zreyo gateyaM nAgamiSyati / / 15 / / " 'zarIraM zIryate nAzA galatyAyurna pApadhIH / mohaH sphurati nAtmArthaH pazya vRttaM zarIriNAm / / 23 / / ' 'yadvaddezAntarAdetya vasanti vihagA nge| tathA janmAntarAnmUDha prANinaH kulapAdape / / 30 / / ' 'prAtastaruM parityajya yathaite yAnti patriNaH / sva karma vazagAH zazvattathaite kvApi dehinaH / / 31 / / ' 'gIyate yatra sAnandaM pUrvAhaNe lalitaM gRhe / tasminneva hi madhyAhne saduHkhamiha rudyate / / 32 / / ' -vahI / -vhii| -vhii| -vahI / Page #237 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 160 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA dhuA~ dikhAI detA hai|3 __AcArya zubhacandra saMsAra kI anityatA kA citraNa karate hue bahirAtmA ko saceta karate haiM ki jisa prakAra nadI kI lahareM jAkara punaH lauTakara nahIM AtI; usI prakAra jIvoM kI vibhUti naSTa hone ke pazcAt punaH lauTakara nahIM aatii| phira bhI bahirAtmA vRthA hI harSa viSAda karatI hai|64 nadI kI lahareM punaH kadAcit kahIM lauTa bhI AtI haiM, parantu manuSyoM kA gayA huA rUpa, bala, lAvaNya tathA saundarya phira nahIM aataa| phira bhI bahirAtmA unakI AzA lagAye rahatI hai| Age ve kahate haiM : "jIvoM kA Ayubala to aMjali ke jala ke samAna kSaNa-kSaNa meM nirantara jharatA hai aura yauvana kamalinI ke patra para par3e hue jalabindu ke samAna tatkAla Dhalaka jAtA hai| phira bhI bahirAtmA vRthA hI sthiratA kI icchA karatI hai|66 jIvana ke manojJa viSayoM ke sAtha saMyoga svapna ke samAna hai aura vaha kSaNamAtra meM naSTa ho jAtA hai| jinakI buddhi mAyAcAra meM uddhata hai, aise ThagoM97 kI bhA~ti ye bAhya viSaya vyakti ko AkarSita kara usakA sarvasva harane vAle haiN| he bahirAtmA! aisA tU jAna / "68 yahA~ para zubhacandrAcArya kahate haiM ki isa loka meM graha, candra, sUrya, tAre tathA chaH Rtu Adi saba hI jAte aura punaH lauTakara Ate haiM; kintu isa deha se gaye hue prANa svapna meM bhI kabhI lauTakara nahIM -vahI / -vhii| -vahI sarga 2 / 'yasya rAjyAbhiSekazrIH pratyUSe'tra vilokyate / tasminahani tasyaiva citAdhUmazca dRzyate / / 33 / / ' 'yAntyeva na nivartante saritAM yadvadUrmayaH / tathA zarIriNAM pUrvA gatA nAyAnti bhUtayaH / / 37 / / ' 'kvacitsarittaraMgAlI gatApi vinivarttate / na rUpabala lAvaNyaM saundaryaM tu gataM nRNAm / / 38 / / ' 'galatyevAyukhyagraM hastanyastAmbuvatkSaNe / nalinIdalasaMkrAntaM prAleyamiva yauvanam / / 36 / / ' 'manojJaviSayaiH sArddha saMyogAH svapnasanibhAH / kSaNAdeva kSayaM yAnti vaMcanoddhatabuddhayaH / / 40 / / ' 'ghanamAlAnukArINi kulAni ca balAni ca / rAjyAlaMkAra vittAni kIrtitAni maharSibhiH / / 41 / / ' -vhii| -vahI / -vahI / Page #238 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahirAtmA 161 aate| phira bhI bahirAtmA vyartha meM hI inase prIti karatI hai|66 yaha jagat indrajAla sama hai| bahirAtmA ke netroM meM mohinI aMjana ke samAna yaha moha apane svayaM kA bhAna bhulAtA hai| yaha anta meM dhokhA dene vAlA hai| bahirAtmA phira bhI bAhyasukhoM ke pIche bhAgatI hai|00 yahA~ para zubhacandrAcArya bahirAtmA kI saMsArI avasthA kA citraNa karate hue likhate haiM ki yaha bahurUpiyA (bahirAtmA) saMsAra meM aneka rUpoM ko grahaNa karatA hai aura aneka rUpoM ko chor3atA hai| jisa prakAra nRtya ke raMgamaMca para nRtya karanevAlA bhinna-bhinna svAMgoM ko dharatA hai, usI prakAra yaha AtmA nirantara bhinna-bhinna svAMga (zarIra) dhAraNa karatI rahatI hai| yahI saMsAra kI viDambanA hai phira bhI vyakti (bahirAtmA) isameM Asakta banA rahatA hai| ataH yaha durlabha manuSya janma milA hai usakA sArthaka upayoga Avazyaka hai| kintu yaha mUr3ha AtmA ina anAtma aura kSaNika padArthoM meM Asakta banI huI rAga-dveSa karatI rahatI hai| AcArya zubhacandra kahate haiM ki vyakti ke yaha rAga-dveSa rupI viSaya badalate rahate haiN| unake zabdoM meM pUrva janma meM jo tere zatru the, ve hI isa janma meM tere ati snehI bandhu bane hue haiM02 aura jo pUrva janma meM tere bandhu aura mitra rahe hue the, ve hI Aja zatrutA ko prApta hokara krodhayukta lAla netra kara tere vinAza kI kAmanA kara rahe haiN|03 isa kathana meM AcArya zubhacandra kA saMketa yaha hai ki isa saMsAra meM jo eka samaya rAga kA kendra hotA hai, vahI dUsare samaya dveSa kA kendra bana jAtA hai aura jo dveSa kA kendra hotA hai vahI paristhitiyoM ke badalane ke sAtha hI rAga kA kendra bana jAtA hai| kabhI parAye apane -vahI / -vahI / 66 'yAtAyAtAni kurvanti grahacandrArkatArakAH / Rtavazca zarIrANi na hi svapne'pi dehinAm / / 43 / / ' 'mohAMjanamivAkSANAmindrajAlopamaM jagat / muhyatyasmintrayaM loko na vidmaH kena hetunA / / 45 / / ' 'rupANyekAni gRhanti tyajatyanyAni santatam / thA raMgetra zailUSastathAyaM yantravAhakaH / / 8 / ' 'ye jAtA ripavaH pUrva janmanyasminvidhervazAt / ta eva tava vartante bAndhavA baddhasauhRdaH / / 16 / / ' 103 'riputvena samApatrAH prAktanAste'tra janmani / / bAndhavAH krodharuddhAkSA dRzyante hantumudyatAH / / 20 / / ' -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / Page #239 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 162 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA pratIta hote haiM aura kabhI apane parAye pratIta hote haiN| rAga-dveSa kA yaha khela manuSya kI svArthavRtti ke AdhAra para calatA rahatA hai| nizcaya meM to na koI terA zatru hai aura na koI terA mitra hai| AcArya zubhacandra to yahA~ taka kahate haiM ki jo mamatva buddhi kI rassI se bAndhakara tujhe isa saMsAra cakra meM DAlate haiM, ve tere bAndhava yA hitaiSI nahIM haiN| ataH samyagjJAna ke dvArA moha aura Asakti ke isa jAla se chuTakArA pA lenA hI jIvana kA vAstavika lakSaNa hai| kintu jo moha meM Asakta banA huA hai, vaha mUr3ha bahirAtmA hI hai|04 bahirAtmA AtmasvarUpa se vimukha ho indriyoM ke vyApArarUpa zarIra ko hI AtmA mAnatI hai|05 mUr3ha bahirAtmA deva paryAyasahita AtmA ko deva mAnatI hai| jisa paryAya meM AtmA hotI hai usI paryAya ko vaha AtmA samajhatI hai|06 yaha mUr3ha AtmA zarIra ko AtmA mAnane ke kAraNa 'para' kI acetana deha ko AtmA mAnatI hai|07 mithyAjJAnarupI jvara se nirantara pIr3ita hokara bahirAtmA ajJAnatAvaza pazu, putra Adi ko bhI apanA mAnatI hai|08| 3.2.7 AcArya amitagati ke yogasAraprAbhRta meM bahirAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa AcArya amitagati ne spaSTarUpa se bahirAtmA zabda kA to prayoga nahIM kiyA hai, kintu usake lakSaNoM kA saMketa avazya kiyA 104 -jJAnArNava sarga 32 / -vahI / 'saMyojayati dehena cidAtmAnaM vimUDhadhIH / bahirAtmA tato jJAnI pRthak pazyati dehinam / / 11 / / ' 'akSadvArairavizrAntaM svatattvavimukhaibhRzam / vyApRto bahirAtmAyaM vapurAtmeti manyate / / 12 / / ' (ka) 'suraM tridazaparyAyaiparyAyaistathA naram / tiryaMca ca tadaMge svaM nArakAMge ca nArakam / / 13 / / ' (kha) 'vettyavidyAparizrAnto mUDhastana punastathA / kintvamUrta svasaMvedyaM tadrUpaM parikIrtitam / / 14 / / ' 'svazarIramivAnviSya parAMga cyutacetanam / paramAtmAnamajJAnI parabuddhayA'dhyavasyati / / 15 / / ' 'tataH so'tyantabhinneSu pazu putrAMganAdiSu / AtmatvaM manute zazvadavidyAjvarajisitaH / / 17 / / ' -vahI / -vahI / 107 -vahI / 108 -vahI / Page #240 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahirAtmA 163 hai| bahirAtmA ko mithyAdRSTi ke rUpa meM sambodhita karate hue ve likhate haiM ki vaha dehAdi para-vastuoM kA apane ko svAmI mAnatI hai| kintu jaba taka jIva Atma-anAtma, jar3a-cetana kA viveka nahIM karatA aura para-padArthoM ko apanA mAnatA rahatA hai vaha karmabandha se nahIM baca sktaa| vastutaH jaba taka yaha jIva paradravyoM se sukha-duHkha Adi kI apekSA rakhatA hai taba taka vaha mithyA dRSTi yA bahirAtmA hI banA rahatA hai|06 mithyAtva se grasita usakA citta jaba taka sva-AtmA ko 'para' aura para-padArthI ko 'sva' yA apanA mAnatA hai taba taka vaha bahirmukhI hI banA rahatA hai aura saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| usakI buddhi isa prakAra kI hotI hai ki vaha rAga, dveSa, IrSyA, lobha, moha-mada tathA indriyoM ke sparza Adi viSayoM meM 'yaha mere haiM' aura 'maiM inakA hU~' aise tAdAtmya kI anubhUti karatA hai| isa prakAra para dravyoM meM rAga-dveSa ke vazIbhUta hokara zubhAzubha bhAvoM ko karatA huA vaha svarUpa AcaraNa se vimukha yA barhimukha hotA hai| satya to yaha hai ki indriyoM ke viSayoM ke sevana se jo sukha milatA hai, vaha unake pIche rahI huI tRSNA ke dAha kI apekSA nagaNya hI hotA hai| isaliye vaha duHkha hI hai, tRSNAvardhaka hai|12 karmabandha ke kAraNarUpa anitya evaM parAdhIna indriyasukha meM vastutaH sukha nahIM hai, phira bhI Asakta citta usameM mamatva buddhi karatA hai|13 isa prakAra amitagati kI dRSTi meM anAtma meM Atmabuddhi aura indriyajanya sukha meM Asakti hI bahirAtmA kA 106 (ka) 'kurvANaH paramAtmAnaM sadAtmAnaM punaH param / mithyAtva-mohita-svAnto rajogrAhI nirantaram / / 27 / / ' -yogasAraprAbhRta.adhikAra 3 / (kha) 'ete'hamahameteSAmiti tAdAtmyamAtmanaH / vimUDhaH kalpayantrAtmA sva-paratvaM na budhyate / / 26 / / ' -vahI / 'rAga-matsara-vidveSa-lobha-moha madAdiSu / hRSIka-karma nokarma-rUpa-sparza-rasAdiSu / / 28 / / ' -vahI / 'rAgato dveSato bhAvaM paradravye zubhAzubham / AtmA kurvannacAritraM svacAritra parAGmukhaH / / 31 / / ' -vhii| 'yatsukhaM surarAjAnAM jAyate viSayodbhavam / / dadAnaM dAhikAM tRSNAM dukhaM tadavabudhyatAm / / 34 ! / ' -vhii| 13 'anityaM pIDakaM tuSNA vardhakaM karmakAraNam / / zarmAkSajaM parAdhInamazarmaiva vidurjinAH / / 35 / / ' -vahI / Page #241 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 164 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA lakSaNa siddha hotA hai|14 yahA~ para amitagati bahirAtmA ke mithyAtva svarUpa kA nirdeza karate hue likhate haiM ki mithyAtva hI barhimukhatA kA AdhAra hai| mithyAtva ke kAraNa jo vastu jisa rUpa meM sthita hai, usakA usa rUpa meM jJAna na hokara viparIta rUpa meM jJAna hotA hai| yaha mithyAtva sAre karmarupI bagIce ko ugAne yA bar3hAne ke liye jala siMcana ke samAna hai arthAt isI kAraNa AtmA (bahirAtmA) saMsAra meM bhavabhramaNa karatI rahatI hai| yahA~ para amitagati darzanamoha ke udayajanya mithyAtva ke tIna bheda likhate haiM: 1. gRhIta; 2. agRhIta; aura 3. saaNshyik| isI mithyAtva se prabhAvita jIva atattva ko vaise hI tattva rUpa mAnatA hai;16 jaise ki dhatUre ke naze meM prANI asvarNa ko svarNarUpa meM dekhatA hai|17 ___Age amitagati bahirAtmA kI sthiti kA varNana karate hue likhate haiM ki jo AtmA se parAGmukha hokara paradravya meM rAga karatI hai vaha bahirAtmA zuddha cAritra se vimukha rahatI hai| vastutaH jo mokSa kI lAlasA rakhate hue paradravya kI upAsanA karate haiM, ve mUDhajana (bahirAtmA) aise haiM jaise koI himavAn (himAlaya) parvata para car3hane ke icchuka hote hue samudra kI ora cle| isI prakAra bahirAtmA viparIta dizA meM gamana karatI hai| 114 -yogasAraprAbhRta.adhikAra 3 / -vahI adhikAra 1 'sAMsArika sukhaM sarvaM duHkhato na viziSyate / yo naiva budhyate mUDhaH sa cAritrI na bhaNyate / / 36 / / ' 'vastvanyathA paricchedo jJAne saMpadyate yataH / tanmithyAtvaM mataM sadbhiH karmArAmodayodakam / / 13 / / ' 'udaye dRSTi mohasya gRhItama-gRhItakam / jAtaM sAMzayikaM ceti mithyAtvaM tat tridhA viduH / / 14 / / ' 'atattvaM manyate tattvaM jIvo mithyAtvabhAvitaH / asvarNamIkSate svarNa na kiM kanakamohitaH / / 15 / / ' 'ye mUDhA lipsavo mokSaM paradravyamupAsate / ye yAnti sAgaraM manye himavantaM yiyAsavaH / / 50 // ' -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / Page #242 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahirAtmA 165 3.2.8 AcArya guNabhadra ke anusAra bahirAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa AcArya guNabhadra dvArA viracita AtmAnuzAsanam kI TIkA meM prabhAcandrAcArya spaSTa rUpa se bahirAtmA ke svarUpa kA nirvacana karate hue likhate haiM ki bahirAtmA anAdikAla se Atma-anAtma ke viveka se rahita hotI hai| bahirAtmA kI samasta gatividhiyA~ evaM ruci bAhya hotI haiN| isakA puruSArtha bAhya meM hI hotA hai| bahirAtmA AtmasvarUpa kI ghAtaka hotI hai evaM dharma pravRtti meM bAdhaka hotI hai| yaha AtmA heya upAdeya ke vicAroM se rahita hotI hai| bahirAtmA rAga-dveSAdi ke vicAroM meM nimagna rahatI hai| vaha viSaya bhogoM meM lipta hotI hai| vaha nyAya-anyAya kA vicAra nahIM karake manamAnA AcaraNa karatI hai| AcAryazrI ne yahA~ para bahirAtmA ko durAtmA ke nAma se bhI sambodhita kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM : "he Atman! tU Atma cintana, Atmahita karanevAlA kArya kyoM nahIM karatI hai? AtmasvarUpa ko naSTa karane vAlA puruSArtha kyoM karatA hai? apane isI AcaraNa ke kAraNa tU cirakAla se durAtmA arthAt bahirAtmA hI rahI hai|" yahA~ para prabhAcandrArya AtmA ke lakSaNoM ko abhivyakta karate hue likhate haiM ki jisa prakAra pAgala evaM zarAbI vyakti hitAhita ke viveka se rahita hokara svacchanda pravRtti karatA hai - use svayaM kI apanI mRtyu kA bhI bhaya nahIM rahatA hai aisI viSayonmukha bahirAtmA apane bhale bure kA dhyAna nahIM rakhatI hai; apitu hiMsAdi kAryoM ke dvArA AtmA kA ahita karane meM tatpara rahatI hai| ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya (svadArAsantoSa) tathA aparigraha Adi dhArmika pravRttiyA~ jo Atmahita karane vAlI hai, unase bahirAtmA vimukha rahatI hai| bahirAtmA ko apanA itanA bhI bhAna nahIM hotA ki 'aba yaha deha kSINa ho rahI hai| maiM bUr3hA ho gayA hU~; mujhe kisI bhI samaya mRtyu apanA grAsa banA sakatI hai|" bahirAtmA sAvadhAna nahIM hotI aura na hI Atmahita kA cintana karatI hai| kintu inhIM viSayatRSNAoM ke kAraNa mRtyu ke pazcAt punaH zarIra ko dhAraNa karatI hai; jo svabhAvataH apavitra, azuddha, 11E __ AtmAnuzAsanam TIkA pR. 184-186 (zloka 162) / Page #243 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA rogAdi se grasita evaM rAga-dveSAdi kA kAraNa hotA hai| ina sabhI pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa vaha svayaM ko aura anya ko bhI ThagatI hai| dUsaroM ko bhI dhokhA detI hai / isa duHkha se paripUrNa bahirAtmA anAdikAla taka saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatI hai / 120 166 3.2.6 yogazAstra meM bahirAtmA kA svarUpa , hemacandrAcArya bahiMrAtmA kA nirUpaNa karate hue likhate haiM ki bahirAtmA zarIra, dhana, parivAra, strI, putrAdi meM Atmabuddhi rakhatI hai / zarIra ko hI apanA apanA ghara mAnatI hai evaM svayaM hI usI kI svAmI hai aisA jAnatI hai| 121 karmAvaraNa ke kAraNa yaha mUr3ha AtmA parapudgaloM meM santoSa mAnatI hai / 122 bahirAtmA ajJAnatAvaza duHkhI - sukhI evaM kaSAya indriyoM ke vazIbhUta rahatI hai| bahirAtmA krodhAdi cAra kaSAyoM kI caukar3I se ghirI rahatI hai / 123 vaha duHkha ke kAraNa asantoSa, avizvAsa aura Arambha karatI huI bAhya padArthoM meM mUrchita hotI hai| isa parigraha ke kAraNa bahirAtmA saMsArarUpI samudra meM DUba jAtI hai / jisa prakAra adhika vajana ho jAne para jahAja samudra meM DUba jAtA hai, usI prakAra kI sthiti bahirAtmA kI hotI hai 124 ve Age bahirAtmA kA nirvacana karate hue likhate haiM ki jaise makAna kI khir3akI se andara chana-chana kara AtI huI sUrya kI kiraNoM ke sAtha bahuta hI sUkSma asthira rajakaNa dikhAI dete haiM, vaise hI isa parigraha se sUkSma rajakaNa jitanA lAbha bhI bahirAtmA ko nahIM hotA hai / bahirAtmA parigraha ke kAraNa parabhava meM kisI prakAra kI siddhI yA saphalatA prApta nahIM karatI hai / parigraha-parigaNita vastue~ upabhoga yA paribhogAdi karane meM avazya 120 'ahitavihita prItiH prItaM kalatramapi svayaM, sakRdapakRtaM zrutvA sadyo jahAti jano'pyayam / svahita nirataH sAkSAdoza samIkSya bhave bhave, viSayavidyAsAbhyAsaM kartha kurute budhaH / / 162 / / ' - AtmAnuzAsanam TIkA / 121 yogazAstra 12/7 / 122 vahI 12 / 10 | 123 yogazAstra 4/4 - 6 / 124 vahI 2 / 106 evaM 107 / Page #244 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahirAtmA 167 AtI haiM, kintu yaha koI guNa nahIM hai| vastutaH parigraha, mUrchA aura Asakti se karmabandhAdi hote haiN| parigraha bahirAtmA meM parigrahajanita parvata jaise vizAla doSa utpanna karatA hai| bahirAtmA Asakti se rAga-dveSAdi zatruoM ko paidA karatI hai| isa parigraha ke prabhAva se bahirAtmA DAMvADola ho jAtI hai| 3.2.10 banArasIdAsa kI racanAoM meM bahirAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa bahirAtmA ke svarUpa kA citraNa karate hue banArasIdAsajI likhate haiM ki "jisa prakAra grISmakAla meM pyAsa se pIr3ita hokara mRga mithyAjala kI ora vyartha hI daur3atA hai, usI prakAra saMsArI jIva (bahirAtmA) moha-mAyA meM hI apanA kalyANa mAnakara mithyA vizvAsoM ke kAraNa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate haiN| jisa prakAra loTana kabUtara ke paMkhoM meM majabUta peMca lage hone se vaha ulaTa-pulaTa giratA hai, usI prakAra saMsArI jIva karmabandha se saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai| vaha para-vastuoM ko apanI kahatA hai aura apanI jJAnAdi yogyatA ko nahIM samajhatA hai| paradravyoM ke prati mamatva bhAva se Atmahita vaise hI samApta ho jAtA hai, jaise kA~jI ke sparza se dUdha phaTa jAtA hai|"125 banArasIdAsajI Age bandhadvAra meM batAte haiM ki "pRthvI para nadI kA pravAha eka rUpa hotA hai; phira bhI pAnI kI aneka avasthAe~ hotI haiN| jahA~ patthara se Thokara lagatI hai, vahA~ jalasrota kI dizA mur3a jAtI hai; jahA~ reta kA TIlA hotA hai vahA~ phena hotA hai; jahA~ vAyu ke jhoMke lagate haiM, vahA~ lahareM uThatI haiM; jahA~ dharatI DhalAnavAlI hotI hai, vahA~ bha~vara hote haiN| 125 liyai drir3ha peca phirai loTana katabUrasau, ulaTau anAdiko na kahUM sulaTatu hai| jA ko phala dukha tAhi sAtA sau kahata sukha, sahata lapeTI asi-dhArAsI caTatu hai / / aise mUDhajana nija saMpadA na lakhai kyoMhI, yauMhi merI merI nisivAsara raTatu hai| yAhI mamatAsau paramAratha vinasi jAi, kAMjIkau parasapAi dUdha jyauM phaTatu hai / / 28 / / ' -samayasAra nATaka (baMdhadvAra) / Page #245 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA vaise hI AtmA bhinna-bhinna pudgaloM ke saMyoga ko prApta kara vibhAvadazA (bAhyadazA) meM pariNata hotI hai|"126 ve Age kahate haiM ki "saMsArI jIva ( bahirAtmA ) kI dazA kolhU ke baila ke samakakSa hai / vaha bhUkha, pyAsa aura nirdayI puruSoM ke prahAroM ko sahatA huA kSaNamAtra ke liye bhI vizrAma nahIM le pAtA hai parAdhIna hokara cakkara lagAtA rahatA hai| isa prakAra bahirmukha AtmA janma maraNa ke cakra meM pha~sI rahatI hai aura AtmA ke Ananda se vaMcita rahatI hai / "127 banArasIdAsajI Age bahirAtmA ke lakSaNoM kI carcA karate haiM ki 'jisa prakAra aMjali kA pAnI kramazaH ghaTatA hai evaM sUrya udita hokara asta hotA hai; vaise hI pratidina jindagI ghaTatI rahatI hai| jaise karauMta khIMcane se kATha kaTatA hai; usI prakAra kAla zarIra ko kSaNa-kSaNa meM kSINa karatA hai| phira bhI ajJAnI (bahirAtmA ) mokSamArga kI khoja nahIM karatA hai aura dehika hitoM kI pUrti ke liye ajJAnavaza saMsAra meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai / bahirAtmA zarIra Adi para-vastuoM se prIti karatI hai; mana, vacana aura kAyA ke yogoM meM ahaMbuddhi rakhatI hai aura sAMsArika viSaya bhogoM meM lipta rahatI hai 168 126 127 ' jaise mahimaMDala mai nadI kau pravAha eka, tAhI maiM aneka bhAMti nIrakI Dharani hai / pAtharakau jora tahAM dhAra kI marora hoti, kAMkara kI khAni tahAM jhAga kI jharani hai / pauMnakI jhakora tahAM caMcala taraMga uThai, bhUmi kI nicAMni tahAM bhaurakI parani 1 taiseM eka AtmA ananta - rasa pudgala, duhUMke saMjoga mai vibhAva kI bharani hai / / 35 / / ' 'pATI bAMdhI locanisauM sakucai dabocanisauM, kocanike socasauM na bedai kheda tanakau / dhAyabo hI dhaMdhA arU kaMthAmAMhi lagyau jota, bAra-bAra Ara sahai kAyara hai manako / / bhUkha saha pyAsa sahai durjanako trAsa sahai, thiratA na gahai na usAsa lahai chanako / parAdhIna ghUmai jaisau kolhUko kamerau baila, tausauI svabhAva yA jagatvAsI janakau / / 42 / / ' - - samayasAra nATaka (baMdhadvAra) 1 - samayasAra nATaka (baMdhadvAra ) / Page #246 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahirAtmA 166 unase kiMcit bhI virakta nahIM hotii|28 bahirAtmA (ajJAnI) apane sva-svarUpa kI pahicAna nahIM karatI hai| jaise candramA megha se AcchAdita ho jAtA hai, vaise hI karmodaya ke kAraNa bahirAtmA kA zuddha jJAna bhI AvRtta ho jAtA hai| jJAna cakSu para AvaraNa Ane se sadgurU kI zikSA bhI hRdayasparzI nahIM bntii|26 banArasIdAsajI mokSadvAra meM mithyAtvI (bahirAtmA) kI viparIta dhAraNA ko isa prakAra prastuta karate haiM ki bahirAtmA sonA, cA~dI Adi, jo pahAr3oM kI miTTI hai, unheM apanI nijI sampatti mAnatI hai aura jJAna ko 'para' yA viSarUpa mAnatI hai tathA apane AtmasvarUpa ko grahaNa nahIM karatI hai| zarIra Adi ko AtmA mAnatI hai| sAtA vedanIya janita laukika sukha meM AnandAnubhUti karatI hai| asAtA ke udaya ko duHkha mAnatI hai| yaha mithyAtvI AtmA krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ke vazIbhUta rahatI hai| isa prakAra acetana kI saMgati se cidrUpa bahirAtmA satya se parAGmukha 'jaise mRga matta vRSAdityakI tapata mAhi, tRSAvanta mRSA-jala kArana aTatu hai / taiseM bhavavAsI mAyAhIsau hita mAni mAni, ThAni ThAni bhrama zrama nATaka naTata hai / / Age kau dhakata dhAi pIche bacharA cavAi, jaise nainahIna nara jevarI baTatu hai| taisaiM mUDha cetana sukRta karatUti karai, rovata hasata phala khovata khaTatu hai / / 27 / / ' 126 'rUpakI na jhAMka hIyai karamako DAka piyai, gyAna dabi rahyau miragAMka jaise ghana maiM / locana kI DhAMka sau na mAnai sadgurU hAMka, Dole mUr3ha rAMkasau nisAMka tihUM panamai / / 26 / / -vahI / -samayasAra nATaka (bNdhdvaar)| Page #247 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 200 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA hokara bAhya saMsAra meM ulajhakara rahatI hai|30 saMsAra meM bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna kAla kA cakra cala rahA hai| use mithyAtvI kahatA hai ki merA dina, merI rAta, merI ghar3I aura merA prhr| vaha kacare ke Dhera kA saMgraha karatA hai use apanA makAna kahatA hai, pRthvIkhaNDa ko apanA nagara kahatA hai| isa prakAra bahirAtmA acetana padArthoM meM DUbakara satya se vimukha hokara bAhya saMsAra ko hI apanA mAnatI hai| ataH vaha saMsArI bahirAtmA AdhyAtmika anubhUti se parAGmukha rahatI huI bAhya saMsAra meM bhramaNa karanevAlI hotI hai|31 3.2.11 zrImad rAjacandrajI ke anusAra bahirAtmA zrImad rAjacaMdrajI 'zrI sadgurUbhakti rahasya' meM bahirAtmA kA nirvacana karate hue likhate haiM ki bahirAtmA deha aura indriyoM se upalabdha honevAle bAhya sAdhanoM meM rAga karatI huI karma-bandhana karatI 'mATI bhUmi sailakI so saMpadA bakhAnai nija, karma-mai amRta jAnai gyAnamaiM jahara hai| apanau na rUpa gahai aurahIsauM Apau ke, sAtA to samAdhi jAkai asAtA kahara hai / / kopako kRpAna lie mAna mada pAna kiyeM, mAyA kI marora hiyai lobha kI lahara hai / yAhI bhAMti cetana acetana kI saMgatasauM, sAMcasau vimukha bhayau jhUTha-maiM bahara hai / / 28 / / ' 'tIna kAla atIta anAgata varatamAna, jagamaiM akhaMDita pravAha ko Dahara hai / tAsauM kahai yaha merau dina yaha merI rAti, yaha merI gharI yaha merauhI pahara hai / / khehako khajAnau jorai tAsauM kahe merau geha, jahA~ basai tAsau kahe merauhI sahara hai / yAhi bhAMti cetana acetana kI saMgati sauM, sAMcasauM vimukha bhayau jhUTha-maiM bahara hai / / 26 / / ' -vahI (mokSadvAra) / 131 -samayasAra nATaka (mokSadvAra) / Page #248 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahirAtmA 132 aindrika 133 hai / vaha AtmA deha aura indriyoM ke vazIbhUta hotI hai / viSayoM meM rAga ke dvArA usakI bAhya bhAvoM meM pariNati hotI hai| usake vacana se vaira yA prIti kI utpatti hotI hai evaM saMsAra kI vRddhi hotI hai| usake nayana bhI bAhya para-padArthoM meM rAga-dveSa utpanna karavAkara atyanta karma - bandhana ke nimitta banate haiN| isa kAraNa bahirAtmA paramAtmadazA kA anubhava nahIM kara pAtI hai / ' zrImadjI likhate haiM ki "he prabhu! jo AtmAe~ antarabheda se rahita haiM, ve bahirAtmA haiM / " ye AtmAe~ AsaktipUrvaka saMsAra kI khaTapaTa meM saMlagna rahatI hai / ve Age likhate haiM ki bahirAtmA ahaM aura mamatvabhAva meM masta hokara saMkalpa - vikalpa ke jAla meM ulajhI rahatI hai / yahI viparIta samajha bahirAtmA ke mithyAtva kA kAraNa hai / jaba taka bahirAtmA para - padArthoM ke ahaM aura mamatvabhAva meM nimagna rahegI; taba taka usameM samakita prakaTa nahIM ho sakatA evaM vaha dharma se bhI vaMcita rahegI / usake antara meM eka pala ke liye bhI nirmalatA nahIM aayegii| vaha bAhya padArthoM meM hI anurakta banI rahatI hai| 134 3.2.12 AnandaghanajI ke anusAra bahirAtmA kA svarUpa jaina paramparA meM AnandaghanajI AdhyAtmika jagat ke zIrSastha santoM meM mAne jAte haiN| ve bahirAtmA ke sambandha meM apane vicAra prakaTa karate hue sumatijina stavana meM likhate haiM ki , 135 'Atamabuddhe kAyAdika-grahyo, bahirAtma agharUpa sujJAnI / ' arthAt jo zarIrAdi para - padArthoM para mamatvabuddhi kA AropaNa 132 133 134 135 'sevAne pratikUla je, te baMdhana nathI tyAga / dehendriya mAne nahIM, kare bAhya para rAga / / 10 / / ' 'tuja viyoga sphurato nathI, vacana nayanayama nAhI | nahi udAsa anabhaktathI, tema 'ahaMbhAvathI rahita nahi, natha nivRtti nirmalaNe, AnaMdaghana kRta caubIsI, gRhAdika mAhIM / / 11 / / svadharma saMcaya nAhiM ! anya dharmanI kAMI / / 12 / / ' sumatijinastavana, gA. 5/3 / 201 - -zrIsadgurUbhakti rahasya / -vahI / - zrIsadgurubhakti rahasya / Page #249 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 202 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA karake unheM apanA mAnatI hai aura isa prakAra anAtma meM Atmabuddhi rakhatI hai; vahI bahirAtmA hai| bahirAtmA sAMyogika bAhya padArthoM meM Asakta banakara unase apanA tAdAtmya sthApita kara letI hai| isIliye eka anya pada meM ve likhate haiM ki - 'bahirAtmA mUr3ha jaga jotA, mAyA ke phaMda rahetA"36 arthAt yaha mUr3ha bahirAtmA mAyA ke vazIbhUta hokara saMsAra kI bAhya vastuoM meM mamatva buddhi rakhatI hai| usakA samasta puruSArtha mAtra bAhya jagat ke liye hI hotA hai| isI ke kAraNa usameM rAga-dveSa kI latAe~ vikasita ho jAtI haiN| usakI cetanA moha se AvRtta hone ke kAraNa vaha apane zuddha AtmasvarUpa ko nahIM pahacAna pAtI hai| Age AnandaghanajI bahirAtmA kI mUrcchita avasthA kA mArmika citraNa karate hue kahate haiM : 'dhana dharatI meM gADhe baurA, dhUri Apa mukha laavai| mUSaka sAMpa hoIgo, Akhara tAtai alachi khaavai||37 arthAt yaha mUr3ha (bahirAtmA) dhana ko jamIna meM gAr3hatA hai aura usake Upara dhUla DAlatA hai| kintu vaha vyakti dhana para nahIM, apitu svayaM ke Upara hI dhUla DAla rahA hai| vaha dhana kI lolupatA ke kAraNa marakara cUhA yA sarpa banakara usI dhana kA rakSaNa karatA hai| Age ve bahirAtmA kI ajJAnadazA kA citraNa karate hue kahate haiM ki jaise siMha acAnaka bakarI ko pakar3a letA hai; vaise hI kAla bhI acAnaka hI AkramaNa karatA hai| mUr3ha svapnAvasthA meM upalabdha rAjya aura AkAza meM bAdaloM kI taraha asthira dhana, yauvana Adi ko sthAI mAna letA hai aura apanI isI ajJAnadazA ke vazIbhUta ho saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| AnandaghanajI yahA~ para bahirAtmA kI mUrkhatA kA citraNa karate hue Age punaH likhate haiM : ___'khakhagapada mIna pada jala meM, jo khoje so borA'38 arthAt jaise AkAza meM pakSI aura jala meM machaliyoM ke pada cinha ko khojanA mUrkhatA hai; vaise hI kSaNika para-padArthoM yA 136 137 138 AnaMdaghana granthAvalI pada 67 / vahI pada 4 / AnaMdaghana granthAvalI pada 31 / Page #250 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahirAtmA 203 paudgalika vastuoM meM sukha ko DhUMDhanA mUrkhatA hai| jo kSaNika hai yA nazvara hai, vaha kevala sukhAbhAsa hai| phira bhI bahirAtmA usI meM tanmaya banI rahatI hai| apane eka pada meM AnandaghanajI ne bahirAtmA kI vibhAvadazA kA citrAMkana kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM : 'dekho AlI nara nAgara meM saaNg| aura hI aura raMga khelata tAte phIkI lAgata maaNg|| urahAnau kahA dIjai, bahuta kari, jIvana hai ihi ddhaaNg| moha aura viveka bica antara etau jeto rUpai rAMga / / tana sudhi khoI ghUmata mana aise, mAna kucha khAI bhaaNg| aite para AnaMdaghana nAvata kahA aura dIjai baaNg||36 arthAt he sakhI! tU isa caMcala bahirAtmA ke svarUpa ko to dekh| vaha anya hI anya ke sAtha raMgarelI karatI hai arthAt para-padArthoM meM Asakta banI huI hai| isI ke kAraNa terI saubhAgyarupI mAMga phIkI laga rahI hai| isako ulAhanA bhI kaba taka diyA jaaye| isakI to jIvana zailI hI aisI bana cukI hai| yaha vivekabuddhi ko khokara zarIra aura indriyoM ke viSayoM ke prati aise bhAga rahI hai, jaise usane bhAMga khA lI ho| yaha lauTakara apane ghara arthAt sva-svarUpa meM AtI hI nahIM hai| isa mohagrasta ko kaise samajhAyA jAye ki moha aura viveka ke bIca to itanA antara hai, jitanA cA~dI aura kathIra meN| bahirAtmA kI dRSTi aisI hI hotI hai| 3.2.13 devacandrajI ke anusAra bahirAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa upAdhyAya devacandrajI bahirAtmA ke svarUpa ko vyAkhyAyita karate hue likhate haiM ki jo AtmA deha para Asakti rakhatI hai, jo zarIra ko AtmA jAnatI hai, mAnatI hai evaM saMsAra ke rAga-raMga se virakta nahIM hotI hai, apita bAhya para-padArthI meM Asakta hotI hai, Atmadarzana ke liye prayatnazIla nahIM hotI hai - vaha bahirAtmA hai| devacandrajI ke anusAra bahirAtmA (mithyAdRSTi) mUrkha hai, jo jar3a 136 AnaMdaghana granthAvalI pada 21 / Page #251 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 204 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA cetana ko eka mAnatI hai| jIva deha ko pratyakSa dekhakara use hI AtmA samajhatA hai|40 bahirAtmA deha kI sajAvaTa meM lagI rahatI hai| saundarya kI abhivRddhi ke liye prayAsarata hotI hai| bahirAtmA AtmA ko amUrta arUpI nahIM maantii| vaha dhana-dharatI, sattA-sampatti, putra, patnI, parivAra Adi ko apanA samajhatI hai aura usakI abhivRddhi meM lagI rahatI hai| devacandrajI kahate haiM ki bahirAtmA kI ruci jaba taka bAhya saMsAra kI ora hogI, taba taka use AtmA kI pratIti nahIM ho sakatI hai| vaha svayaM AtmA hote hue bhI AtmA ke astitva ke prati zaMkA rakhatI hai| jisa AtmA ko apane Apa para zaMkA hotI hai; vaha AtmA kaise Atma sAdhanA ke mArga para ArUr3ha ho sakatI hai? ve spaSTa rUpa se bahirAtmA ke lakSaNoM kI abhivyakti karate hue kahate haiM ki bahirAtmA ajJAnatA ke vazIbhUta hokara karmoM se mohita hotI hai| bahirAtmA ke antara meM jaba taka jJAna jyoti prajjvalita nahIM hotI taba taka vaha antarAtmA kI ora gatizIla nahIM ho sktii| 3.3 bahirAtmA ke prakAra evaM avasthAe~ sAmAnyatayA to mithyAdRSTi AtmA ko bahirAtmA kahA gayA hai, kintu vyakti ke mithyAtvaguNa meM bhI taratamatA hotI hai| usakI apekSA se jainAcAryoM ne bahirAtmA meM bhI taratamatA mAnI hai aura usI taratamatA ke AdhAra para usake bheda kiye haiN| dravyasaMgraha kI TIkA meM bahirAtmA ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM : 1. tIvra bahirAtmA; 2. madhyama bahirAtmA; aura 3. manda bhiraatmaa| 1. tIvra bahirAtmA : saiddhAntika dRSTi se mithyAtva guNasthAnavartI AtmA ko tIvra bahirAtmA kahA jAtA hai| vastutaH jo AtmA gahana ajJAnarupI andhakAra meM DUbI huI hai, jisake viveka kA prasphuTana bhI abhI nahIM huA hai; jo dehabhAva meM nimagna hai - 140 dhyAnadIpikA catuSpadI (4/8/1/2) / (ka) vicAra ratnasAra (pR. 178); (kha) uddhRta 'upAdhyAya devacaMdra : jIvana, sAhitya aura vicAra' -mahopAdhyAya lalitaprabhasAgarajI ma.sA. / Page #252 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahirAtmA 142 142 use tIvra bahirAtmA kahA jAtA hai / ' 3. 2. madhyama bahirAtmA : saiddhAntika dRSTi se sAsvAdana guNasthAnavartI AtmA ko madhyama bahirAtmA kahA gayA hai / vastutaH jisa AtmA ne samyaktva kA AsvAdana kara liyA hai arthAt jisakA apane sva-svarUpa se paricaya huA hai, kintu vAsanAoM aura kaSAyoM ke tIvra AvegoM ke kAraNa usase vimukha ho gaI hai; jisameM vAsanAoM para viveka kA aMkuza lagAne kI zakti nahIM hai aura jo punaH Atma vismRti kI dizA meM gatizIla ho gaI hai vaha madhyama bahirAtmA hai / manda bahirAtmA : saiddhAntika rUpa se mizra guNasthAnavartI AtmA ko manda bahirAtmA kahA gayA hai| jisane eka bAra samyagdarzana ko prApta kara liyA hai, kintu apanI asthira pravRtti ke kAraNa usameM dRr3hatApUrvaka apane kadama ko nahIM jamA pAI hai| satyAsatya ke nirNaya meM jo saMzayazIla banI huI hai, jise kabhI AdhyAtmika anubhUti kA Ananda apanI ora AkarSita karatA hai to kabhI bhautika AkAMkSAe~ apanI ora AkarSita karatI haiM / aisI duvidhA kI sthiti vAle vyakti ko manda bahirAtmA kahA gayA hai; kyoMki na to usakI samyaktva meM dRr3hatA hotI hai aura na mithyAtva ke saMskAra hI dRr3hibhUta hote haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki use manda bahirAtmA kahA gayA hai / 3.4 kyA aviratasamyagdRSTi bahirAtmA hai ? jainadarzana meM aviratasamyagdRSTi use kahA jAtA hai jo satya ko satya samajhate hue bhI use jIne meM apanI asamarthatA kA anubhava karatA hai / vaha yaha jAnatA hai ki kyA heya hai aura kyA upAdeya hai ? vaha pApa ko pApa ke rUpa meM aura puNya ko puNya ke rUpa meM samajhatA hai / use dharma aura adharma kA samyak viveka hotA hai / phira bhI vaha dharma ko apane jIvana meM jI nahIM pAtA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to vaha dharma ko apane jIvana meM jIne kA prayAsa nahIM karatA dravyasaMgraha TIkA gA. 14 / - 205 Page #253 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 206 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA hai| pApa ko pApa samajhakara bhI use chor3a nahIM paataa| usakI jIvanadRSTi samyak hotI hai, lekina usakA AcAra pakSa zithila hotA hai| vaha pApa pravRtti kA tyAgI nahIM hotaa| isI AdhAra para yaha kahA jAtA hai ki aviratasamyagdRSTi kI AtmA bahirAtmA hI hai; kyoMki usakA jIvana bhogaparaka hotA hai| jo vicAraka yaha mAnate haiM ki satya kevala jAnane kA viSaya nahIM hai, jIne kA viSaya hai, unakI dRSTi meM avirata bahirAtmA hI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to AcaraNa kI apekSA se aviratasamyagdRSTi bahirAtmA hI haiN| kintu devacandrajI kI yaha mAnyatA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki aviratasamyagdRSTi meM satya kI samyak samajha hotI hai| isaliye viSaya vAsanAoM meM jIte hue bhI usake vAsanA ke saMskAra dRr3hibhUta nahIM hote| isaliye aviratasamyagdRSTi kI AtmA ko ekAntarUpa se bahirAtmA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| AcArapakSa kI apekSA se vaha bahirAtmA hai kintu vicArapakSa kI apekSA se vaha antarAtmA hI hai| sAmAnyatayA sabhI jainAcAryoM ne aviratasamyagdRSTi ko antarAtmA hI mAnA hai| hamArI dRSTi meM svarUpabodha kI apekSA se aviratasamyagdRSTi kI AtmA antarAtmA ke varga meM AtI hai, kintu lakSaNa yA bAhya vyavahAra kI apekSA se use manda bahirAtmA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| 3.5 bahirAtmA aura lezyA ___ vyakti ke manobhAvoM aura unake AdhAra para karmavargaNAoM se bane hue AbhAmaNDaloM ko lezyA kahA jAtA hai| sAmAnyataH jo AtmA ko karmoM se lipta karatI hai, use lezyA kahA jAtA hai| aisA AtmA ke zubha evaM azubha manobhAvoM ke kAraNa hotA hai, kintu dUsarI ora lezyAoM ke kAraNa manobhAvoM kA janma bhI hotA hai| isa prakAra lezyA dravyarUpa se manobhAvoM kA kAraNa hai aura manobhAva bhAvarUpa se lezyAoM ke kAraNa haiN| isI AdhAra para manobhAvoM ko bhAvalezyA aura karmavargaNA se nirmita vyakti ke AbhAmaNDala ko dravyalezyA kahA jA sakatA hai| dravyalezyA aura bhAvalezyA kA sambandha ThIka vaisA hI hai jaisA murgI aura aNDe kA hotA hai| inameM Page #254 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahirAtmA kauna pUrvavartI aura kauna pazcAtavartI hai yaha kahanA kaThina hai / manobhAva zubha aura azubha do prakAra ke haiN| ina manobhAvoM kI taratamatA ke AdhAra para jainadarzana meM nimna 6 lezyAe~ mAnI gayI haiM : 1. kRSNa lezyA; 4. tejo lezyA; 3. kApota lezyA; 2. nIla lezyA; 5. padma lezyA; aura 6. zukla lezyA / inameM prathama tIna lezyAe~ azubha aura antima tIna lezyAe~ zubha kahI gaI haiN| prastuta prasaMga meM mukhya vicAraNIya prazna yaha hai ki bahirAtmA kI kisa prakAra kI lezyAe~ hotI haiM / sAmAnya niyama to yahI hai ki bahirAtmA meM tInoM azubha lezyAe~ hI hotI haiM, yadyapi bhAvalezyA kI apekSA se sabhI zubha lezyAe~ sambhava ho sakatI haiN| vizeSa rUpa se usa samaya jabaki mithyAdRSTi AtmA samyak kI ora abhimukha hotI hai / kintu bahirAtmA sadaiva mithyAdRSTi hI hotI hai| ataH usakI lezyA sadaiva azubha hI hogI, kyoMki jaba taka anantAnubandhI kaSAya kI upasthiti hai, taba taka lezyA azubha hI banI rahatI hai| cAhe bhAvoM ke parivartana ke AdhAra para usameM kSaNika rUpa se zubhabhAvoM kA pariNamana ho aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa zubha bhAvalezyAe~ hoM, kintu jaba taka vyakti bahirAtmA hai, taba taka usameM zubha lezyAe~ sthAyI rUpa se prakaTa nahIM hotI haiN| usakI bahirmukhI jIvanadRSTi zubhabhAvoM kA sthAI rUpa se pariNamana nahIM hone detI / ataH niSkarSa ke rUpa meM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki bahirAtmA meM dravyalezyA athavA sthAI bhAvoM kI apekSA se to sadaiva azubha lezyAe~ hI hotI haiN| kyoMki jaba taka vyakti bahirAtmA hotA hai taba taka vaha niyama se mithyAdRSTi hI hotA hai aura jo mithyAdRSTi hotA hai, niyama se usameM anantAnubandhI kaSAya kA udaya rahatA hai aura jahA~ anantAnubandhI kaSAya kA udaya rahatA hai vahA~ niyama se dravyalezyA to azubha hI hotI hai / 207 3.6 bahirAtmA aura kaSAya jainadarzana meM AtmA ko bandhana meM DAlanevAle tattvoM meM kaSAya hI pramukha haiM / kaSAya nimna cAra mAne gaye haiM : Page #255 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 208 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 1. krodha; 2. mAna; 3. mAyA; aura 4. lobha / inameM taratamatA kI dRSTi se pratyeka ke cAra bheda hote haiM : 1. anantAnubandhI; 2. apratyAkhyAnI; 3. pratyAkhyAnI aura 4. sNjvln| isa prakAra karmabandhana aura AtmA ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke avarodhaka tattvoM kI apekSA se kaSAyoM kI saMkhyA solaha hotI hai| jainadarzana meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki jaba taka anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kA udaya hai taba taka AtmA mithyAdRSTi aura bahirmukhI hotI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jisa AtmA meM anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kA udaya hai vaha bahirAtmA hI hai, kyoMki usameM ina cAroM kaSAyoM kI abhivyakti tIvratama hI hotI hai| anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kA kSayopazama hone para vyakti samyagdarzana ko prApta kara letA hai aura vaha bahirAtmA se antarAtmA bana jAtA hai| antarAtmA ke jo tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM, ve bhI kaSAyoM ke udaya kI apekSA se hai| jina AtmAoM meM anantAnubandhI kaSAya kA kSaya evaM apratyAkhyAnI kaSAya kA udaya hai vaha jaghanya antarAtmA hai| jinameM pratyAkhyAnI kaSAyoM kA kSaya evaM saMjjvalana kaSAyoM udaya banA huA hai; ve madhyama antarAtmA kahI jAtI haiM aura jo AtmAe~ saMjvalana kaSAya ko bhI upazamita yA kSaya karake 11veM aura 12veM guNa sthAna ko prApta kara letI haiM, ve utkRSTa antarAtmA bana jAtI haiN| uparokta 16 kaSAyoM kA abhAva hone para AtmA paramAtmA bana jAtI hai| isa prakAra trividha AtmA kI isa carcA ke prasaMga meM kaSAyoM kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| kaSAyoM para vijaya prApta karate hI bahirAtmA antarAtmA banakara anta meM paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko prApta karatI hai| / / tRtIya adhyAya samApta / / Page #256 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA utkRSTa antarAtmA Janedusation. International For Private & Personal use only vojamoohorrarsORT Page #257 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Page #258 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ adhyAya 4 antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 4.1 antarAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra antarAtmA mithyAtva kA parityAga kara jaba samyaktva kI anubhUti karatI hai taba vaha zarIrAdi bAhya padArthoM meM Asakta na hokara athavA saMsAra meM rahate hue bhI alipta bhAva se jalakamalavat nirlepa hokara rahatI hai| jaise kahA hai : 'samyagdRSTi jIvar3A kare kuTumba prtipaal| antara thI nyAro rahe, jyoM dhAya khilAve baal|| antarAtmA 'sva' aura 'para' kI bhinnatA ke dvArA AtmAbhimukhI hokara svasvarUpa meM hI nimagna rahatI hai| rayaNasAra', samAdhitantra, paramAtmaprakAza', Adi granthoM meM antarAtmA ke svarUpa kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| kundakundAcArya ne mokSapAhuDa meM AtmasaMkalpa rUpa AtmA ko antarAtmA kahA hai| 4.2.1 kundakundadeva kI dRSTi meM antarAtmA kA svarUpa (ka) mokSaprAbhRta meM antarAtmA kA svarUpa ___ antarAtmA ke svarUpa lakSaNoM ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya kundakundadeva mokSaprAbhRta meM likhate haiM ki bahirAtmA kA tyAga karake antarAtmA para ArUr3ha hokara arthAt bhedavijJAna ke dvArA antarAtmA -samAdhitaMtra padya 5 / rayaNasAra 141 / 'citta doSAtmavibhrAntiH paramAtmA'tinirmalaH / paramAtmaprakAza dohA 14 / mokkhapAhuDa 5, 6 / Page #259 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 210 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kA Alambana lekara paramAtmA kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ AcArya kundakundadeva bahirmukhatA se vimukha AtmA ko hI antarAtmA kahate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM antarAtmA vahI hai jisane bhedavijJAna ke dvArA sva-para aura AtmA-anAtmA kA viveka upalabdha kara liyA hai| mokSaprAbhUta meM ve likhate haiM ki AtmA bhinna hai aura usake sAtha lage hue karma bhinna haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM, karmoM ke prati Asakti se jo vikAra utpanna hote haiM ve bhI para haiN| isa prakAra jo AtmA 'sva' aura 'para' ke bheda ko samyaka prakAra se jAnatI hai vahI antarAtmA hai| unake anusAra jo nirdvandva, nirAlamba aura nirmamatva se yukta hai tathA deha ke prati bhI nirapekSa hai aura jo sadaiva AtmasvarUpa meM ramaNa karatA hai vaha nizcaya hI samyagdRSTi hotA hai aura samyagdRSTi hone ke pariNAmasvarUpa vaha aSTa duSkarmoM kA kSaya kara detA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ antarAtmA ke tIna lakSaNoM ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| prathama vaha samyagdRSTi hotI hai; dUsare vaha sadaiva hI aSTakarmoM ke kSaya ke hetu puruSArtha karatI rahatI hai aura antima rUpa se vaha apane AtmasvarUpa meM ramaNa karatI hai| vaha yaha mAnatI hai ki paradravyoM meM Asakta rahanA durgati kA kAraNa hai aura svadravya arthAta Atmatatva meM nimagna rahanA yaha sadgati kA kAraNa hai| phalataH vaha paradravyoM ke prati virakta rahatI hai aura Atmadravya meM hI ramaNa karatI hai kyoMki vaha sacitta arthAt -mokSapAhuDa / -vahI / -vahI / (ka) 'tipayAro so appA paramaMtarabAhiro du dehiNaM / tattha paro jhAijjDa aMtobAeNa caivi bahirappA / / 4 / / ' (kha) 'akkhANi bahirappA aMtaraappA hu appasaMkappo / kamma kalaMkavimukko paramappA bhaNNae devo / / 5 / / ' (ga) 'Aruhavi aMtarappA bahirappA chaMDiUNa tivihenn| __jhAijjai paramappA uvaiTeM jiNavariMdehiM / / 7 / / ' 'NiyadehasaricchaM picchiUNa paraviggahaM payatteNa / acceyaNaM pi gahiyaM jhAijjai paramabhAveNa / / 6 / / ' 'saddavarao savaNo sammAiTThI havei NiyameNa / sammattapariNado uNa khavei duTThaTTakammAiM / / 14 / / ' 'duTThakammarahiyaM aNovamaM NaNaviggahaM NiccaM / / suddhaM jiNehiM kahiyaM appANaM havadi saddavvaM / / 18 / / ' 'paradavvAdo dugaI saddavvAdo hu suggaI hoi / iya NAUNa sadavve kuNaha raI virai iyarammi / / 16 / / ' -mokSaprAbhRtam / -vhii| -vahI / -vhii| Page #260 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra putra, patnI Adi acitta arthAt vastra, AbharaNa Adi aura mizra arthAt vastrAbhUSaNa se yukta strI Adi ko paradravya mAnatI hai arthAt unheM apanA nahIM mAnatI hai| kyoMki ye sabhI AtmA se bhinna haiM / " isa prakAra vaha antarAtmA bahirmukhatA kA parityAga kara apane nijasvarUpa ( arthAt zuddhAtmA) meM hI nimagna rahatI hai aura apanI isa sAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa anta meM paramAtmapada ko prApta kara letI hai / " (kha) niyamasAra meM AtmA kA svarUpa antarAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya kundakundadeva kahate haiM ki jo zramaNa sAmAyikAdi Avazyaka kriyAoM ko karatA hai, vaha nizcayacAritra kA paripAlana karatA hai aura aisA zramaNa municaryA meM abhyupasthita hotA hai / vacanamaya pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna, niyama, Alocana sabhI svAdhyAya ke rUpa haiN| inake mAdhyama se AtmA apane svarUpa kA adhyayana karatI hai / ataH jaba taka zarIra meM zakti hai taba taka sAdhaka dhyAna, pratikramaNa Adi kriyAe~ kare aura yadi zakti na rahe taba bhI una para zraddhAna to avazya hI kre| kyoMki bhagavAn ne kahA hai ki maunabhAva se bhI pratikramaNa Adi ke dvArA AtmasvarUpa kA parIkSaNa karatA huA yogI nija kArya ko sAdha letA hai arthAt paramapada ko prApta kara letA hai isalie sAdhaka ko svasamaya arthAt svadharmiyoM aura parasamaya arthAt anyadharmiyoM ke sAtha vivAda meM nahIM par3anA cAhiye / vastutaH yahA~ AcArya kundakunda kA nirdeza yahI hai ki tarka-vitarka Adi ke mAdhyama se vicAra vikalpa hI banate haiM aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa na to paramAtmasvarUpa kA bodha hotA hai aura na usameM avasthiti / anta meM AcArya kundakunda kA nirdeza yahI hai ki sAdhaka AvazyakAdi kriyAoM ko avazya kare; kyoMki bhagavAn ne kahA hai 1 10 99 'AdasahAvAdaNNaM saccittAcittamissiyaM havadi / taM paradavvaM bhaNiyaM avitatthaM savvadarisIhiM / / 17 / / ' 'jiNavaramaeNa joI jhANe jhAei suddhamappANaM / jeNa lahai NivvANaM Na lahai kiM teNa suraloyaM / / 20 / / ' 211 -vahI / -vahI / Page #261 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 212 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA ki maunabhAva se pratikramaNa Adi ke dvArA AtmasvarUpa kA parIkSaNa karatA huA yogI nija kArya ko sAdha letA hai arthAta paramapada kI prApti kara letA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne sAdhaka ko Atma unmukha rahane kA sandeza dete hue kahA hai ki saMsAra meM aneka prakAra ke jIva haiM; unake aneka prakAra ke karma haiM aura una karmoM ke janya aneka prakAra kI upalabdhiyA~ haiN| isalie sAdhaka ko svasamaya arthAt svadharmiyoM aura parasamaya arthAt anyadharmiyoM ke sAtha vivAda meM nahI par3anA caahiye| anta meM AcArya kundakunda kA nirdeza yahI hai ki sAdhaka AvazyakAdi kriyAoM ko avazya kare; kyoMki sabhI purANa puruSa ina AvazyakAdi kriyAoM ko karate hue hI apramatta avasthA ko prApta karake kaivalya ko prApta hue haiN| antarAtmA kA svarUpa spaSTa karate hue AcArya kundakunda punaH kahate haiM ki jo antara aura bAhya rUpa se jalpa arthAt viSaya vikalpoM se yukta hai, vaha bahirAtmA hai| isake viparIta jo viSaya vikalpoM se rahita hai, use antarAtmA kahA gayA hai| isa gAthA kI TIkA meM maladhArI padmaprabhudeva likhate haiM ki nija AtmadhyAna meM lIna antarmukhI hokara jo sAdhaka prazasta-aprazasta vikalpajAloM meM nahIM vartatA hai, vaha parama tapodhana zramaNa sAkSAt antarAtmA hai| prastuta prasaMga meM TIkAkAra padmaprabhudeva ne AcArya amRtacandra kI samayasAra kI AtmakhyAti TIkA ke usa kalaza ko bhI uddharita kiyA hai jisameM kahA gayA hai ki jo vikalpoM se Upara uThakara samatArasarUpI svabhAva meM ramaNa karatA hai vahI apane zuddha svarUpa ko prApta hotA hai| isI ko spaSTa karate hue padmaprabhudeva punaH likhate -niyamasAra / -vahI / (ka) 'paDikamaNApahudikiriyaM kuvvaMto Nicchayassa cArittaM / / teNa du virAgacarie samaNo abbhuTThido hodi / / 152 / / ' (kha) 'vayaNamayaM paDikamaNaM vayaNamayaM paccakhANa NiyamaM ca / ___ AloyaNa vayaNamayaM taM savvaM jANa sajjhAyaM / / 153 / / ' (ga) 'jadi sakkadi kAdaM je paDikamaNAdiM karejja jhANamayaM / sattivihINo jA jai saddahaNaM ceva kAyavvaM / / 154 / / ' (gha) 'jiNakahiyaparamasutte paDikamaNAdiya parIkkhaUNa phuddN| moNavvaeNa joI NiyakajjaM sAhae NiccaM / / 155 / / ' 13 ___ 'aMtarabAhirajappe jo vaTTaI so havei bahirappA / / jappesu jo Na vaTTaI so uccai antaraMgappA / / 150 / / ' -vahI / -vahI / -niyamasAra / Page #262 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra haiM ki jo saMsAra paribhramaNa ke kAraNabhUta bAhya evaM Abhyantara sabhI jalpoM arthAt vikalpoM ko chor3akara samatArasamaya caitanyasvarUpa jJAnajyoti kA anubhava karatA hai; aisA antarAtmA moha ke kSINa hone para apane paramAtmasvarUpa ko apane antara meM dekhatA hai| agrima gAthA meM AcArya kundakundadeva ne dharma aura zukladhyAna ke AdhAra para antarAtmA aura bahirAtmA kA vargIkaraNa kiyA hai / ve likhate haiM ki jo zramaNa dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna meM pariNata hotA hai arthAt apanI cittavRttiyoM ko dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna meM nivezita karatA hai vaha antarAtmA hai / isake viparIta jo zramaNa isa prakAra ke dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna se rahita hai; vaha bahirAtmA hai / yahA~ para AcArya kundakundadeva ne spaSTa rUpa se yaha batAyA hai ki dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna meM hI nirata rahanA antarAtmA kA lakSaNa hai / isakI TIkA meM padmaprabha maladhArIdeva likhate haiM ki vastutaH kSINakaSAya AtmA hI antarAtmA hai / solaha kaSAyoM kA abhAva hone para vaha darzanamoharUpI zatruoM ko vijita kara cukI hai| vaha sahaja cidvilAsa lakSaNa se yukta sadaiva hI dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna meM nirata rahatI hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AcArya kundakundadeva ne niyamasAra gAthA kramAMka 146, 150 evaM 151 meM antarAtmA ke tIna lakSaNa pratipAdita kiye haiM / " antarAtmA Avazyaka kartavyoM kA samyakrUpa se paripAlana karatI hai / vaha viSayAsakti se pare hotI hai / usake citta meM viSaya vikalpa nahIM jagate haiM aura vaha sadaiva hI dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna meM nirata rahatI hai arthAt usameM ArtadhyAna aura raudradhyAna kA abhAva hotA hai / 4.2.2 svAmI kArtikeya ke anusAra antarAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa svAmI kArtikeya antarAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki jahA~ janma hai vahA~ mRtyu hai; jahA~ sampatti hai vahA~ vipatti hai aura jahA~ yauvana hai vahA~ jarA bhI hai| isa prakAra ke iSTa 14 niyamasAra gAthA 146 - 150 / 213 Page #263 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 214 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA saMyogoM kI prApti ko jo kSaNabhaMgura samajhatI hai vaha antarAtmA hai|" yahA~ para svAmI kArtikeya kahate haiM ki antarAtmA kI dRSTi se parivAra, bandhuvarga, putra, putrI, mitra, zarIra kI sundaratA, gRha, godhana ityAdi samasta vastue~ navIna megha ke samAna asthira haiN| dhana aura yauvana bhI jalakaNa ke bunda-bunda ke samAna kSaNabhaMgura hai|6 ve Age antarAtmA ko upadeza dete hue kahate haiM ki samasta viSayoM ko vinAzazIla jAnakara moha kA tyAga karo aura mana ko viSaya bhogoM se haTAkara uttama Atmasukha arthAt jJAnAnandamaya zuddha svarUpa kI prApti kro| punaH ve kahate haiM ki samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra hI apanA svarUpa hai| ataH pAramArthika dRSTi se vahI zaraNarUpa hai| anya saba azaraNa haiN| Age ve deha kI azucitA kA vivaraNa dete hue kahate haiM ki isa deha para lagAye hue atyanta pavitra, sarasa evaM sugandhita padArtha bhI kucha kAla bAda durgandhita ho jAte haiN| apane zarIra meM anurAga nahIM karanA caahiye| ve kahate haiM ki antarAtmA indriya evaM kaSAyoM kA nigraha karake vItarAga bhAva meM lIna hokara bAra bAra AtmA kA smaraNa karatI hai aura isa prakAra utkRSTa nirjarA karatI hai| vastutaH jo AtmA jina vacana meM pravINa hai tathA AtmA aura zarIra ke bheda ko jAnatI hai aura jisane ATha bhedoM ko jIta liyA hai, vahI antarAtmA hai|20 -vhii| 'athiraM pariyaNa-sayaNaM, putta-kalattaM sumitta-lAvaNNaM / giha-gohaNAi savvaM, Nava-ghaNa-videNa sAricchaM / / 6 / / ' -kArtikeyAnuprekSA (a. adhruvAnuprekSA) / 'jala bubbuya-sAricchaM, dhaNajovvaNa jIviyaM pi pecchaMtA / maNNaMti to vi NiccaM, ai-balio moha Ahappo / / 21 / / ' -vahI / 'caiUNa mahAmohaM, visaai muNiUNa bhaMgure savve / NivvisayaM kuNaha maNaM, jeNa suhaM uttamaM lahai / / 22 / / ' _ 'ailAlio vi-deho, NhANa suyaMdhehi viviha-bhakkhehiM / / khaNamitteNa vi vihaDai, jala bhario yAma-ghaDao bva // 6 // ' -vhii| 'jA sAsayA Na lacchI, cakkaharANaM pi puNNavaMtANaM / sA kiM badhera raI, iyara jaNANaM apuNNANaM / / 10 / / ' / -vahI / (ka) 'jo puNa visayaviratto, appANaM savvadA vi sNvri| maNaharavisaehiMto tassa phuDaM saMvaro hodi / / 101 / / ' -kArtikeyAnuprekSA (nirjraanuprekssaa)| (kha) 'bArasaviheNa tavasA, NiyANarahiyassa NijjarA hodi / veraggabhAvaNAdo, NirahaMkArassa gANissa / / 102 / / ' -vahI / Page #264 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 215 svAmI kArtikeya ne antarAtmA ke tIna bheda kiye haiM : (1) jaghanya antarAtmA;22 (2) madhyama antarAtmA;23 aura (3) utkRSTa antraatmaa| - jo jinendra paramAtmA aura unakI AjJAnusAra AcaraNa karane vAle nirgrantha gurU kI bhakti meM tatpara rahatI hai aura tyAgavRtti svIkAra karane meM asamarthatA kA anubhava karate hue AtmAlocana karatI hai, vaha jaghanya antarAtmA hai| svAmI kArtikeya madhyama antarAtmA kI vivecanA karate hue likhate haiM ki jo AtmA jinezvara paramAtmA ke vacanoM meM anurakta ho, jisakA mandakaSAyarUpa (upazamabhAva) svabhAva ho, jo mahAparAkramI ho, jo parISahAdi ke sahana karane meM sudRr3ha ho, upasarga Ane para pratijJA se calAyamAna na ho, aisA vratI zrAvaka tathA pramattasaMyata guNasthAnavartI muni madhyama antarAtmA hai| Age ve kahate haiM ki jo AtmA paMcamahAvratoM se yukta ho, jo pratidina dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna meM sthita rahatI ho, jisane nidrA Adi sarva pramAdoM ko jIta liyA ho, vahI utkRSTa antarAtmA kahalAtI hai| saMkSepa meM unhoMne cauthe guNasthAnavartI AtmA ko jaghanya antarAtmA, pA~caveM evaM chaThe guNasthAnavartI AtmA ko madhyama antarAtmA aura sAtaveM se bArahaveM guNasthAnavartI AtmA ko utkRSTa antarAtmA mAnA hai| svAmI kArtikeya ne kahA hai ki jo sAdhu apane duSkRta kI nindA karatA hai, guNavAna puruSoM kA pratyakSa tathA parokSa bar3A Adara karatA hai evaM apane mana aura indriyoM ko jItanevAlA hotA hai, use antarAtmA kahA jAtA hai| antarAtmA kI sAdhanA ko spaSTa karate hue ve likhate haiM ki nidAna aura ahaMkAra rahita bAraha prakAra ke tapa evaM vairAgya bhAvanA se antarAtmA apane / -vahI (lokaanuprekssaa)| -vhii| 'je jiNavayaNe kusalo, bheyaM jANaMti jIvadehANAM / NijjiyaduTThaTThamayA, antaraappA ya te tivihA / / 164 / / ' 'avirayasammaddiTTI, hoti jahaNNA jiNaMdapayabhattA / appANaM jiMdaMtA, guNagahaNe sucha aNurattA / / 167 / / ' 'sAvayaguNehiM juttA, pamattaviradA ya majjhimA hoti / jiNavayaNe aNurattA, uvasamasIlA mahAsattA / / 166 / ' 'paMcamahabbayajuttA, thamme sukke vi saMThidA NiccaM / NijjiyasayalapamAyA, ukkiTThA antarA hoti / / 165 / / ' -vahI / 24 -vahI / Page #265 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 216 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA karmoM kI nirjarA karatI hai| vaha zarIra ko bhI moha kA kAraNa aura apavitra mAnatI hai| sadaiva samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakacAritra kI sAdhanA26 aura apane nirmala va zuddha svarUpa kA dhyAna karate hue karmoM kI nirjarA karatI hai| svAmI kArtikeya Age antarAtmA ke dvArA kI jAne vAlI nirjarA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki jo muni nirjarA ke kAraNa tapa, saMyama Adi meM pravRtti karatA ho usI ke mithyAtvAdi pApoM kI nirjarA hotI hai aura puNyakarma kA anubhAga bar3hatA hai| vaha anta meM nija zuddhAtmA athavA utkRSTa sukharUpa mokSa kI prApti karatI hai; kyoMki jo antarAtmA indriyoM aura kaSAyoM kA nigraha karake AtmadhyAna meM lIna hotI hai, vahI utkRSTa nirjarA ke dvArA parama vItarAgadazA arthAt mokSa ko prApta karatI hai| 25 28 'vArasaviheNa tavasA, NiyANarahiyassa NijjA hodi / veyaggabhAvaNAdo NirahaMkArassa NANissa / / 102 / / ' -kArtikeyAnuprekSA (lokaanuprekssaa)| 'rayaNattayasaMjutto, jIvo vi havei uttamaM titthaM / saMsAraM tarai jado rayaNattaya-divvaNAvAe / / 161 // ' -vhii| (ka) 'sabvesi kammANaM, sattivivAo havei annubhaao| tadaNaMtaraM tu saDaNaM, kammANaM nijjarA jANa / / 103 / / ' -vhii| (kha) 'sA puNa duvihA NeyA, sakAlapattA taveNa kayamANA / ___ cAdugadINaM paDhamA, vayajuttANaM have bidiyA / / 104 / / ' -kArtikeyAnuprekSA (nirjarAnuprekSA) / (ka) 'uvasamabhAvatavANaM, jaha jaha vaDDhI, havei sAhUNaM / taha taha Nijjara vaDDhI, visesado dhammasukkAdo / / 105 / / ' (kha) 'jo ciMtei sarIraM, mamattajaNayaM viNassaraM asui / dasaNaNANacaritaM, suhajaNayaM NimmalaM NicvaM / / 111 / / ' -vahI / (ga) 'appANaM jo jiMdai guNavaMtANaM karedi bahumANaM / ___ maNaiMdiyANa vijaI, sa sarUvaparAyaNo hou / / 112 / / ' -vahI / 'tassa ya sahalo jammo, tassa vi pAvassa NijjarA hodi / tassa vi puNNaM vaDDhadi, tassa vi sokkhaM paraM hodi / / 113 / / ' -vahI / 'jo samasokkhaNilINo, vAraMvAraM sarei appANaM / iMdiyakasAyavijaI, tassa have NijjarA paramA / / 114 / / ' -vahI / -vhii| Page #266 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 217 4.2.3 AcArya pUjyapAda devanandI ke anusAra antarAtmA kA svarUpa AcArya pUjyapAda antarAtmA kA nirvacana karate hue likhate haiM ki indriyoM ke dvArA jo kucha dikhAI dete haiM, ve saba rUpI padArtha jar3a haiM, acetana haiM, kucha jAnate nahIM aura jo jAnanevAlI cetana AtmA hai, vaha arUpI hone se mujhe dikhAI nahIM detii| taba antarAtmA yaha cintana karatI hai ki maiM kisake sAtha bAtacIta karUM? isa prakAra antarAtmA antaronmukha vRtti dvArA nizcala hokara svasamvedana karane kA prayAsa karatI hai|" / ve Age likhate haiM ki jisa karmodaya ke nimitta se AtmA meM utpanna hue krodhAdi agrAhyabhAva haiM, unheM antarAtmA grahaNa nahIM karatI, kyoMki jJAnAdi jo guNa AtmA ne anAdikAla se grahaNa kiye haiM, unheM vaha kabhI chor3a nahIM sktii| AcArya pUjyapAda antarAtmA ko vyAkhyAyita karate hue Age likhate haiM ki AtmA AnandasvarUpa hai, zuddha cetanya svabhAvavAlI hai| antarAtmA usI zuddha cetanya AtmA kI anubhUti karatI hai| ve antarAtmA ke lakSaNoM ko spaSTa karate hue Age kahate haiM ki koI vyakti bhrama se TUTa ko puruSa samajhakara usase apane rAga-dveSa, mohAdi kI kalpanA karatA huA sukhI-duHkhI hotA hai to yaha mAtra bhrAnti hai - ajJAnatA hai| aisA antarAtmA cintana karatI hai|32 ve Age likhate haiM ki antarAtmA svasamvedana jJAna dvArA svayaM hI apane AtmasvarUpa kA anubhava karatI hai| antarAtmA antara kI gaharAI se cintana karatI hai ki AtmA na napuMsaka hai, na strI hai, na puruSa hai, na eka hai, na do hai, na bahuta hai| ve AtmA ko vyAkhyAyita karate hue likhate haiM ki antarAtmA ko itane dina zuddha svarUpa kI pahacAna nahIM hone ke kAraNa vaha gaharI nIMda meM soI huI thii| aba antarAtmA yathAvat 'yanmayA dRSyate rUpaM tanna jAnAti sarvathA / jAnana dRSyate rUpaM tataH ken bravImyaham / / 18 / / 'padgrAhyaM na gRhaNAti, gRhItaM nApi muMcati / jAnAti sarvathA sarva tatsvasaMvedyamasmyaham / / 20 / / ' -samAdhitantra / 32 -vahI / Page #267 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 218 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA vastusvarUpa jAnane kA prayatna karatI hai|3 pUjyapAd antarAtmA kA varNana karate hue likhate haiM ki isa AtmA ke AtmasvarUpa kI bhAvanA ke bala se rAga-dveSa, iSTa-aniSTa kI kalpanA va usake vikArI bhAva naSTa ho jAne para zatru-mitrAdi kA bhAva bhI usameM nahIM hotaa| jaba antarAtmA kI bhAvendriyA~ svabhAva kI ora jhuka jAtI haiM, taba dravyendriyoM kA saMyama sahaja hI ho jAtA hai| antarAtmA jJAnAnanda svabhAva kI ora dRSTi karake nija zuddhAtma dravya kA anubhava karatI hai aura taba cidAnandasvarUpa pratibhASita hotA hai| vahI AtmA kA svarUpa hai| pAMcoM indriyoM se haTakara apane Ananda svabhAva kA anubhava karane para zuddhAtma svarUpa kA khyAla AtA hai| vahI paramAtmA kA svarUpa hai| antarAtmA Atma sanmukha rahatI hai| vaha yaha cintana karatI hai ki "jo maiM , vahI paramAtmA hai| jo paramAtmA hai, vahI maiM / paramAtmA ArAdhya haiM, maiM ArAdhaka / mujhameM aura paramAtmA meM koI antara nahIM hai| una paramAtmA ke jaisA merA svarUpa hai|" AtmA meM anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIrya rahe hue haiN| usI Ananda se paripUrNa jJAnasvarUpa zuddha AtmA ko apane puruSArtha se prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha AtmA avinAzI caitanyasvarUpa hai| zarIra aura indriyA~ acetana evaM jar3a haiN| pUjyapAda devanandI antarAtmA kA nirvacana karate hue likhate haiM ki antarAtmA AtmA aura zarIra kA bheda vijJAna karatI huI caitanyasvarUpa meM ekAgra hokara atIndriya Ananda meM jhUmatI rahatI hai| antarAtmA jJAtA draSTA svabhAvavAlI hone se usakA manarUpI jala rAgAdi taraMgoM se caMcala nahIM hotA hai| isa AtmA kI parasanmukha dRSTi nahIM hotii| vaha AtmA parama vItarAgatA ko prApta hokara nirvikalpa nirAmUla Ananda kA anubhava karatI hai| jaise keMculI sarpa nahIM hai, usI prakAra caitanyasvarUpa bahirAtmA para rAga-dveSa-moharUpa jo keMculI hai, vaha AtmA kA svarUpa nahIM hai| bahirAtmA rAga-dveSa-moharUpa keMculI ke kAraNa ajJAnatAvaza cAroM gatiyoM meM bhramaNa karatI hai| jaba AtmA bahirAtmA se antarAtmA kI ora agrasara ho jAtI hai, taba vaha apane vAstavika svarUpa ko 33 'utpanna puruSa bhrAnteH sthANau yadvadviceSTitam / tadvanme ceSTitaM pUrva dehAdiSvAtmavibhramAt / / 21 / / ' -vahI / Page #268 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 216 pahacAnatI hai tathA bhava-bhramaNa kI bhUla ko TAlakara mukti ko prApta karane kA prayAsa karatI hai|34 sva 4.2.4 yogIndudeva ke anusAra antarAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa (ka) paramAtmaprakAza meM AtmA kA svarUpa antarAtmA ke lakSaNoM ko vyakta karate hue yogIndudeva kahate haiM ki antarAtmA vItarAga, nirvikalpa, svasaMvedana jJAnarUpa pariNamana karatI huI samyagdarzanAdi kA upArjana karatI hai| ve kahate haiM ki caturtha guNasthAna meM mithyAtvamoha evaM anantAnubandhI kaSAya ke udaya kA abhAva hone se samyaktva kI prApti hotI hai| kintu kaSAya kI tIna caukar3I (pratyAkhyAnI, apratyAkhyAnI aura saMjvalana) zeSa rahane se dvitIyA ke candramA ke samAna vizeSa prakAza nahIM hotA tathA pA~caveM guNasthAna meM zrAvaka ke do caukar3I (anantAnubandhI evaM apratyAkhyAnI) kA abhAva hone se rAgabhAva bhI kucha kama hotA hai| vItarAga bhAva bar3hane se svasaMvedana jJAna prabala hotA hai| kintu do caukar3I (pratyAkhyAnI aura saMjvalana) rahane se munisama prakAza nahIM hotaa| rAgabhAva ke nirbala hone se vItarAgabhAva hotA rahatA hai| kintu cauthI caukar3I (saMjvalana) - chaThe guNasthAna vAle sarAga saMyamI haiN| unake sAtaveM guNasthAna meM cauthI caukar3I (saMjvalana) manda ho jAtI hai| taba ve dhyAnArUr3ha hokara chaThe se sAtaveM guNasthAna meM Ate haiM, jisakA kAla antarmuhurta mAnA hai| AThaveM guNasthAna meM saMjvalana kaSAya (cauthI caukar3I) atyanta manda ho jAtA hai| taba rAgabhAva kI atyanta kSINatA hone se vItarAgabhAva puSTa hotA hai evaM zreNI kA -paramAtmaprakAza 1 / samAdhitantra 25-66 / (ka) 'mUDhu viyakkhaNu baMbhu parU appA ti-vihu havei / dehu ji appA jo muNai so jaNu mUDhu havei / / 13 / / ' (kha) 'pajjaya-rattau jIvaDau micchAdiTTi havei / _baMdhai bahu-viha-kammaDA meM saMsAru bhamei / / 77 / / ' (ga) 'jeNa kasAya havaMti maNi so jiya millahi mohu / moha-kasAya vivajjayau para pAvahi sama-bohu / / 42 / / ' -vhii| -vahI 2 / Page #269 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 220 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA ArohaNa karane se zukladhyAna utpanna hotA hai| yahA~ para yogIndudeva ne AtmA kI do zreNiyA~ svIkArI haiM - eka kSapakazreNI aura dUsarI upshmshrennii| kSapakazreNI vAle usI bhava meM kevalajJAna prApta kara mukta ho jAte haiM aura upazamazreNI vAle veM, ve, 10veM evaM 11veM guNasthAna kA sparza karate haiM kintu upazamita kaSAyoM kA udaya hone se punaH patita ho jAte haiN| ve yadi prayatna yA puruSArtha karate raheM to kucha bhavoM meM kSapaka zreNI se ArohaNa karake mukti prApta kara lete haiN| jaba kSapaka zreNI vAle 8veM va veM guNasthAna ko prApta karate haiM taba kaSAyoM kA sarvathA nAza karate haiN| dasaveM guNasthAna meM muni kA saMjvalana lobha zeSa rahane se sarAgacAritra hotA hai evaM isake anta meM sakSma lobha ke bhI naSTa ho jAne se vItarAga cAritra kI prApti hotI hai| ve 12veM guNasthAna meM jAte haiN| gyArahaveM guNasthAna kA sparza nahIM krte| ve 12veM guNasthAna ke anta meM jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya - ina tInoM ghAtIkarmoM kA nAza karate haiN| terahaveM guNasthAna meM kevalajJAna prakaTa hotA hai| taba antarAtmA zuddha paramAtmA bana jAtI hai| isa prakAra 4the se 12veM guNasthAna taka AtmA antarAtmA rahatI hai| paramAtmaprakAza meM trividha AtmA kA svarUpa spaSTa rUpa se upalabdha hotA hai| yogIndudeva ne antarAtmA para sarvAdhika bala diyA hai| unhoMne antarAtmA ko vicakSaNa kahA hai| vastutaH jinakA vItarAga, nirvikalpa svasaMvedana rUpa pariNamana hai, ve antarAtmA haiN| antarAtmA arthAt samyagdRSTi AtmA upAdeya hai| kintu yaha paramAtmA kI apekSA se kahA gayA hai| yogIndudeva paramAtmaprakAza meM antarAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki vaha mokSa ke nimittabhUta paramAtmadeva ke kevalajJAnamaya svarUpa kA dhyAna karatI hai; kyoMki paramAtmA ke atirikta koI dhyeya nahIM 36 'appA ti vihu muNevi lahu mUDhau mellaha bhAu / muNi saNNaNe NANamau jo paramappa-sahAu / / 1/12 / / ' ___-paramAtmaprakAza ke vistRta vivecana para AdhArita pR. 19-20 / 37 'mUDhu viyakkhaNu baMbhu parU appA ti-vihu havei / dehu ji appA jo muNai so jaNu mUdu havei / / 13 / / ' -paramAtmaprakAza 1 / 'deha-vibhiNNau NANamau jo paramappu Niei / / parama-samAhi-pariTThiyau paMDiu so ji havei / / 14 / / ' -vhii| Page #270 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra antarAtmA (sAdhaka AtmA) : jainadarzana meM sAdhanA kA mukhya lakSya bhedavijJAna mAnA gayA hai| isa bhedavijJAna kI prakriyA kyA hai, ise spaSTa karate hue yogIndudeva paramAtmaprakAza meM likhate haiM ki pA~coM indriyA~, mana aura sakala vibhAvarUpa pariNati karma - janita hai / isalie AtmA anya hai aura indriyA~, mana aura vibhAvajanya pariNamana arthAt rAga-dveSa, krodha, mAna, mAyA Adi AtmA se bhinna haiM / punaH caturgatiyoM ke duHkha bhI anya haiM aura AtmA anya hai| ye sabhI sAMsArika sukha - duHkha karmajanita hI haiN| AtmA inakI draSTA hai / lekina nizcaya se vaha inase bhinna hai| yahI nahIM bandhana aura mokSa bhI karmoM kI apekSA se kahe gaye haiM / ataH AtmA apane zuddha svabhAva meM bandhana aura mokSa se bhI pare hai, aisA nizcaya naya se jAnanA cAhiye / " Age isI bhedavijJAna ko spaSTa karate hue ve kahate haiM ki AtmA AtmA hai / vaha dehAdi para - padArthoM se bhinna hai aura na para- dravya AtmarUpa hotA hai / ataH para-dravya ke nimitta se hone vAlI AtmA kI vibhAva paryAyeM nizcayanaya se AtmA kI nahIM kahI jA sktiiN| nizcayanaya se to, na AtmA utpanna hotI hai aura na naSTa hotI hai| isalie janma, maraNa, bur3hApA, roga, varNa aura liMga ye saba AtmA ke nahIM haiM / " deha ke janma, maraNa, roga aura vRddhAvasthA ko dekhakara tU bhayabhIta mata ho kyoMki ye sabhI pudgala ke nimitta se honevAlI pariNatiyA~ haiM / AtmA to ajara amara 36 'paMca vi iMdiya aNNu maNu aNNu vi sayala - vibhAva / jIvaha~ kammai~ jaNiya jiya aNNu vi caugara - tAva / / 63 / / ' 'dukkhu vi sukkhu vi bahu - vihau jIvaha~ kammu jaNei / appA dekkhara muNai para Nicchau eu~ bhai / / 64 / / ' 'bandhu vi mokkhu visayalu jiya jIvaha~ kammu jaNei / appA kiMpi vi kuNai Navi Nicchau bau~ bhai / / 65 / / ' 'appA appu ji parU ji pa appA parU jiNa hoi / jiyAi vi appu Navi NiyameM pabhaNahiM joi / / 67 / / ' 43 'Na vi uppajji Na vi marai bandhu Na mokkhu karei / jiu paramatyeM joiyA jiNavarU eu~ bhai / / 68 / / ' 'atthi Na ubbhau jara maraNu roya vi liMga vi vaNNa niyamiM appu viyANi tuhu~ jIvahu~ ekka vi saNNa / / 66 / / ' 40 41 42 44 221 -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / Page #271 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA parabrahma rUpa zuddha svabhAva hai / " nizcaya hI karmajanya rAgAdi sabhI bhAva aura zArIrAdika vibhinna paryAyeM pudgalajanya hone ke kAraNa nizcaya se AtmA se bhinna haiM / 46 222 yogIndudeva ne antarAtmA ke svarUpa kA nirvacana karate hue kahA hai ki antarAtmA samyagdRSTi ko prApta karake yaha mAnatI hai ki yaha AtmA gorI nahIM hai, kAlI nahIM hai, lAla nahIM hai, sthUla nahIM hai aura sUkSma bhI nahIM hai|" vaha brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya yA zUdra bhI nahIM hai 1 vaha strI nahIM hai, puruSa nahIM hai / na vaha napuMsaka hai, na tarUNa hai, na zvetAmbara hai aura na digambara hai / vaha bauddha yA anya kisI liMga ko dhAraNa karane vAlI nahIM hai| na vaha gurU hai, na (ka) 'dehaha~ Na pekkhavi jara maraNu mA bhau jIva karehi / jo ajarAmarU baMbhu rU so appANu muNehi / / 71 / / ' (kha) 'dehaha~ ubbhau jara - maraNu dehaha~ vaNNu vicittu / dehaha~ roya viyANi tuhu~ dehaha~ liMgu vicittu / / 70 / / ' (ka) 'kammaha~ kerA bhAvaDA aNuce davvu / jIva sahAvas bhiNNu jiya NiyamiM bujjhahi savvu / / 73 / / ' (kha) 'chijju bhijjau jAu khau joiya ehu sarIrU / appA bhAvahi Nimmalau jiM pAvahi bhava tIrU / / 72 / / ' (ga) 'appA mellivi NANamau aNNu parAyau bhaau| so chaMDeviNu jIva tuhu~ bhAvahi appa - sahAu / / 74 / / ' (gha) 'aTThaha~ kammaha~ bAhirau sayalaha~ dosahaM cattu / daMsaNa - NANa - carittamau appA bhAvi Niruttu / / 75 / / 'hau~ gorau hau~ sAmalau hau~ ji vibhiNNau vaNNu / hau~ taNu-aMgau~ thUluhau~ ehau~ mUDhau maNNu / / 80 / / ' 48 'hau~ varU baMbhaNu vaisu hau~ hau~ khattiu hau~ sesu / 45 46 47 46 purisu Nau~sara itthi hau~ maNNai mUDhu visesu / / 81 / / ' (ka) 'tarUNau bUDhau rUyaDau sUrau paMDiu divvu / khavaNau vaMdau sevaDau mUDhau maNNai savvu / / 82 / / (kha) 'appA gorau kiNhu Na vi appA rattu Na hoi / appA hu vilu Na vi NANiu jANeM joi / / 86 / / ' (ga) 'appA baMbhaNu vaisu Na vi Na khattiu Na vi sesu / purisu NauMsau ityi Na vi NANiu muNai asesu / / 87 / / ' (gha) 'appA vaMdau khavaNu Na vi appA gurau Na hoi / appA liMgiu ekku Na vi NANiu jANai joi // 88 // - paramAtmaprakAza 9 / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI 1 -vahI | -vahI 1 - vahI / -vahI / -vahI / Page #272 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra na ziSya hai, na sevaka hai aura na svAmI hai / na vaha zUravIra hai aura na hI kAyara hai / na vaha uccakula vAlI hai aura na nimnakula vAlI hI hai / na vaha manuSya hai, na nAraka hai aura na hI tiryaMca hai / " kyoMki ye sabhI to karmoM athavA zarIra, veza Adi ke nimitta se hone vAlI avasthAe~ haiN| Age ve punaH kahate haiM ki AtmA na paNDita hai, mUrkha hai, na nirdhana hai, na dhanI hai, na javAna hai, na bUr3hI hai aura na hI bAlaka hai / " isI prakAra na vaha puNyarUpa hai aura na pAparUpa hai / vaha dharmAdi dravyoM se bhI bhinna hai / AtmA to nija guNaparyAya kI dhAraka cidAnanda, jJAnasvarUpa, saMyamazIla aura tapasvarUpa hai / vaha zAzvat zuddhasvarUpa aura jJAtA svabhAva vAlI hai| isa prakAra jo vibhAvarUpa pariNatiyoM ko apanA nahIM mAnatI hai aura zuddha jJAna-darzanamaya AtmA ko apanA mAnatI hai use antarAtmA kahA jAtA hai| yogIndudeva antarAtmA ke sambandha meM spaSTIkaraNa karate haiM ki vaha AtmA saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoM se virakta hokara, vItarAga paramAnanda ke sukhAmRta se rAga-dveSa se pare haTakara tathA apane zuddhAtmasvarUpa meM anurAgI hokara antarAtmA meM ramaNa karatI hai| jaba vairAgya bhAvanA prabala ho jAtI hai, taba saMsArarUpI bela chUTa 50 'appA gurU Navi sissu Navi Navi sAmiu Navi bhiccu / sUrau kAyarU hoi Navi Navi uttamu Navi Niccu / / 86 / / ' 'appA mANusu deu Na vi appA tiriu Na hoi / appA garau kahi~ vi Navi NANii jANai joi / / 60 / / ' 'appA paMDiu na mukkhu Navi Navi IsarU Navi NI / tarUNau bUr3hau bAlu Navi aNNu vi kamma - visesu / / 61 / / ' 53 'puNNu vi pAu vi kAlu Nahu dhammAdhammu vi kAu / 51 52 54 55 ekku vi appA hoi gavi mellivi ceyaNa - bhAu / / 62 / / ' 'appA saMjama sIlu tau appA daMsaNu NANu / appA sAsaya- mokkha-pau jANaMtara appANu / / 63 / / ' 'aNNu ji daMsaNu atyi Na vi aNNu ji atthi Na NANu / aNu ji caraNu Na asthi jiya mellivi appA jANu / / 64 / / ' 223 -vahI / - vahI / -vahI / - paramAtmaprakAza 1 / -vahI / -vahI / Page #273 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 224 jAtI hai| yogIndudeva likhate haiM ki apanI AtmA ke zuddhasvarUpa kA dhyAna karatA huA muni usa anantasukha ko prApta karatA hai, jise indra bhI prApta nahIM kara paataa| yogI arthAt antarAtmA apane nirmala mana ke dvArA apane rAgAdika bhAva se rahita paramAtmasvarUpa kA anubhava karatA hai / apane paramAtmasvarUpa kA anubhava nirmala mana meM hI hotA hai / isalie yogIndudeva ne isa bAta para bAra-bAra bala diyA hai / viSaya-vAsanAoM se Upara uThakara nirmala mana se hI zuddha Atmatattva kI ArAdhanA sambhava hai / ve kahate haiM ki paramAtmA samatvapUrNa citta meM hI sthita haiM / ataH sAdhanA ke lie mana kI nirmalatA Avazyaka hai / jo viSaya - kaSAyoM kI aura bhAgate hue mana ko nija paramAtmasvarUpa meM sthira karatA hai, vahI mokSa yA paramAtmapada ko prApta kara sakatA hai| anya koI bhI tantra yA mantra aisA nahIM hai jo paramAtmasvarUpa kI anubhUti karavA sake / jainadharma meM AtmA aura pudgala donoM vAstavika haiM / " AtmAe~ ananta haiM 56 57 58 56 60 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA (ka) 'appA - daMsaNi jiNavaraha~ ja~ suhu hoi aNaMtu / taM suhu lahai virAu jiu jANaMtau siu saMtu / / 118 / / (kha) 'jaM muNi lahai anaMta-suhu Niya- appA jhAyaMtu / taM suhu iMdu vi vi lahai devihi~ koDi ramaMtu / / 117 / / ' (ga) 'NeyAbhAve villi jima thakkai NANu valevi / mukkaha~ jasu paya biMbiyau parama - sahAu bhaNevi / / 47 / / ' 'jIvaha~ so para mokkhu muNi jo paramappaya-lAhu / kamma-kalaMka vimukkAha~ NANiya bollahi~ sAhU / / 10 / / ' 'gayaNi aNaMti vi ekku uDu jehau bhuyaNu vihAi / mukkaha~ jasu pae biMbiyau so paramappu aNAi / / 38 / / ' (ka) 'jo Niya - karaNahi~ paMcahi~ vi paMca vi visaya muNei / muNiu Na paMcAhi~ paMcahi~ vi so paramappu havei / / 45 / / ' (kha) 'paMca vi iMdiya aNNu maNu aNNu vi sayala - vibhAva / jIvaha~ kami~ jaNiya jiya aNNu vi caugai-tAva / / 63 / / ' 'jahi~ mai tahi~ gai jIva tahu~ maraNu vi jeNa lahehi / ta~ parabaMbhu muevi mai~ mA para - davvi karehi / / 112 / / ' -vahI | -vahI / -vahI / -vahI 2 / -vahI 1 / -paramAtmaprakAza 1 / -vahI | -vahI / Page #274 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 225 aura muktAvasthA meM bhI pratyeka AtmA kA svatantra astitva rahatA hai, kintu upaniSadoM meM AtmA ke atirikta jo brahma kA nAmAntaraNa hai, usameM kucha bhI satya nahIM hai|62 jainadharma meM upaniSadoM kI taraha AtmA eka vizvavyApI tattva kA aMza nahIM hai apitu usake andara paramAtmatattva ke bIja vidyamAna rahate haiN| jaba vaha karmabandhana se mukta hone ke liye prayAsarata hotI hai yA antarmukhI hokara bhI saMsAra meM nirlipta hokara rahatI hai; taba vaha yaha jAnatI hai ki rAga-dveSa Adi mAnasika bhAvoM ke nimitta se paramANu AtmA se sambaddha haiM evaM AtmA aura karma kA sambandha anAdi hai|63 karmoM ke kAraNa hI AtmA kI aneka dazAyeM hotI haiM aura AtmA ko zarIra meM rahanA par3atA hai| ve karma-kalaMka dhyAna rUpI agni meM jala kara naSTa ho jAte haiN|4 vaha antarAtmA zuddha svarUpI AtmA ke -paramAtmaprakAza 1 / -vahI / 'mellivi sayala avakkhaDI jiya NiciMttau hoi / cittu Nivesahi paramapae deu NiraMjaNu joi / / 115 / / ' 'jaM sivadaMsaNi parama suhu pAvahi jhANu karatu / taM suhu bhuvaNi vi atthi Navi mellivi deu aNaMtu / / 116 / / ' 'kamma-Nibaddha vi joiyA dehi vasaMtu vi jo ji / hoi Na sayalu kayA vi kuDu muNi paramampau so ji / / 36 / / ' (ka) 'appA-daMsaNi jiNavaraha~ jaM suhuhoi aNaMtu / ___ taM suhu lahai virAu jiu jANaMtau siu saMtu / / 118 / / ' (kha) 'dasaNu NANu aNaMta suhu samau Na tuTTai jAsu / so para sAsau mokkha-phala bijjau atthi Na tAsu / / 11 / / ' -vahI / -vahI / -vahI 2 / Page #275 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 226 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA dhyAna meM saMlagna ho jAtI hai| muni zrI yogIndudeva antarAtmA ko vyAkhyAyita karate hue kahate haiM ki chaH dravyoM meM kevala yahI eka cetana dravya hai - zeSa jar3a haiN| yaha anantajJAna aura ananta Ananda kA bhaNDAra hai evaM anAdi aura ananta hai| darzana aura jJAna usake mukhya guNa haiN| aisI antarAtmA cintana karatI hai ki "jaba taka saMsAra kI ora se mukha nahIM moDUMgI; taba taka AtmA kA sAmrAjya upalabdha nahIM ho sktaa| AtmA kA sAmrAjya prApta karane ke lie antarmukhI dRSTi karanI hogii|" antarAtmA bAhya saMsAra se vimukha hokara antarmukhI hotA hai| ataH yogIndudeva ne AtmA meM jo paramAtmA virAjamAna hai, usa zuddha AtmA kI anubhUti ko hI antarAtmA kA mukhya lakSya kahA hai| Age yogIndudeva AtmA ke svarUpa kA nirvacana karate hue kahate haiM ki jJAna, darzana evaM cAritra AtmA se bhinna nahIM haiN| ataH antarAtmA kevala zuddha AtmasvarUpa kA hI dhyAna karatI hai| ve likhate haiM ki jo AtmA ke nirmala svabhAva kA dhyAna karatA hai, vaha usa dhyAna ke dvArA eka kSaNa meM hI paramapada ko prApta ho jAtA hai| -vahI 1 / -vhii| -vhii| -vahI / (ka) 'joiya-viMdahi~ NANamau jo jhAijjai jheu / mokkhaha~ kAraNi aNavarau so paramappau deu / / 36 / / ' (kha) 'jo jiu heu lehavi vihi jagu bahu vihau jaNei / liMgattaya-parimaMDiyau so paramappu havei / / 40 / / ' (ga) dehi vasaMta vi hari-hara vi jaM ajja vi Na munnNti| parama-samAhi-taveNa viNu so paramappu bhaNati / / 42 / / ' (gha) 'jo Niya-karaNahi~ paMcahi~ vi paMca vi visaya munnei| muNiu Na paMcahi~ paMcahi~ vi so paramappu havei / / 45 / / ' (ca) 'kammahi jAsu jaNaMtahi~ vi Niu Niu kajju sayA vi / kiM pi Na jaNiyau hariu Navi so paramappau bhAvi / / 48 / / ' (cha) 'kamma-Nibaddha vi hoi Navi jo phuDu so kammu kayA vi / kammu vi jo Na kayA vi phuDa so paramapu bhAvi / / 46 / / ' (ja) 'je Niya-boha-pariTThiyaha~ jIvaha~ tuTTai NANu / iMdiya-jaNiyau joiyA ti jiu vi viyANu / / 53 / / ' (jha) "eyahi~ juttau lakkhaNahi~ jo parU Nikkalu deu / so tahi~ Nivasai parama-pai jo tailoyaha~ jheu / / 25 / / ' -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vhii| Page #276 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 227 unakA kathana hai ki jo AtmasvarUpa meM nivAsa karatA hai, vaha paramAtmapada ko prApta kara sakatA hai| jisakA mana nirmala AtmasvabhAva meM nivAsa nahIM karatA hai, usake lie zAstra, purANa, tapa aura cAritra kA pAlana, ye sabhI mokSa ke sAdhana nahIM ho skte| yogIndudeva kA kathana hai ki vastutaH AtmA hI apane zuddha svarUpa meM ArAdhana karane yogya hai| jaba taka sAdhaka apane zuddha AtmasvarUpa meM nivAsa nahIM karatA, taba taka vaha bAhya sAdhanoM ke dvArA paramAtmapada ko prApta nahIM kara sktaa| vAstava meM daSTi kA antarmukhI honA hI sAdhanA kA mukhya lakSya hai, kyoMki ve kahate haiM ki jo AtmasvabhAva meM pratiSThita hai, use AtmA meM pratibimbita hone vAle lokAloka ke svarUpa kA zIghra hI bodha ho jAtA hai| isalie dhyeyatattva to AtmA hI hai| jisa AtmA ko jAnane se AtmA aura samasta para-padArthoM kA jJAna ho jAtA hai, tU usI AtmA kA dhyAna kr| Age ve kahate haiM ki jJAnI jJAnavAna AtmA ko hI samyagjJAna ke dvArA jaba taka nahIM jAnatA, taba taka vaha jJAnI hone se bhI paramAtmapada ko kaise prApta kara skegaa|68 isa prakAra yogIndudeva ke anusAra AtmAbhimukha honA hI antarAtmA kA svarUpa hai aura isI ke mAdhyama se vaha paramAtmapada ko prApta kara -paramAtmaprakAza 2 / -vahI / -vhii| 'appA Niya-maNi Nimmalau NiyameM vasai Na jAsu / satya-purANa tava-caraNu mukkhu vi karahiM ki tAsu / / 68 / / ' (ka) 'joiya apa' jANieNa jagu jANiyau havai / ___ appaha~ kerai bhAvaDai biMbiu jeNa vasei / / 66 / / ' (kha) 'appa-sahAvi pariTThiyaha ehau hoi visesu / ___ dIsai appa-sahAvi lahu loyAlou asesu / / 100 / / ' (ka) 'appu payAsai appu parU jima aMbari ravi-rAu / __ joiya etthu ma bhaMti kari ehau vatthu-sahAu / / 101 / / ' (kha) 'tArAyaNu jali biMbiyau Nimmali dIsai jema / ___ appae Nimmali biMbiyau loyAlou vi tema / / 102 / / ' (ga) 'appu vi parU vi viyANai 5 appeM muNieNa / so Niya-appA jANi tuhu~ joiya NANa-baleNa / / 103 / / ' (gha) 'NANu payAsahi paramu mahu kiM aNNa bahueNa / jeNa NiyappA jANiyai sAmiya ekka khaNeNa / / 104 / / ' (ca) 'appA NANu muNehi tuhu~ jo jANai appANu / jIva-paesahiM titiDau gANe gayaNa-pavANu / / 105 / / ' -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / Page #277 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 228 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA letA hai| unakI dRSTi meM antarAtmA vahI hai jo apane citta ko zuddha Atmatattva meM nivezita karatI hai| aisI AtmA apane samasta karmoM ko usI prakAra bhasma kara detI hai, jisa prakAra lakar3I ke pahAr3a ko agni kI eka cinngaarii| unake anusAra jisakA mana paramapada arthAt paramAtmapada meM nivezita hai, vaha nizcaya hI zuddha AtmasvarUpa kA avalokana kara parama Ananda kI prApti karatA hai| isa prakAra yogIndudeva ne nirmala mana se zuddha Atmatattva kI upAsanA ko hI samyak upAsanA yA sAdhanA kahA hai| antarAtmA isI sAdhanA ke dvArA paramAtmapada ko prApta karatI hai|66 (kha) yogasAra meM AtmA kA svarUpa yogIndudeva ne yogasAra meM antarAtmA ke lie paNDita AtmA zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki jo AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa ko jAnatA hai, vaha 'para' ke Upara rahI huI mamatvabuddhi kA tyAga karatA hai; vaha paNDita AtmA yA antarAtmA hai|" antarAtmA yaha mAnatI hai ki dehAdi jo padArtha haiM, ve mere nahIM haiN| yogIndudeva kI dRSTi meM AtmAnubhUti kA prayatna hI antarAtmA kA pramukha lakSya hotA hai| ve likhate haiM ki parama Atmatatva kA darzana hI mokSa kA kAraNa hai, kyoMki samasta dharmakriyAoM ko karate hue bhI yadi Atmatattva kA bodha nahIM hogA, to saMsAra kA paribhramaNa bhI samApta nahIM hogaa| ve spaSTa zabdoM meM kahate haiM ki vrata, tapa, saMyama aura muni-jIvana ke mUla guNoM ke pAlana se jaba taka parama zuddha Atmatattva kA bodha nahIM hotA, taba taka ye mokSa ke sAdhana nahIM bnte| ve likhate haiM ki eka AtmA hI cetana tattva hai - zeSa sabhI acetana haiN| usa Atmatattva ko jAnakara hI mukti ko prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| ve likhate haiM ki yadi tU sarva bAhya vyavahAra kA 66 -vahI / 'mellivi sayala avakkhaDI jiya NiciMtau hoi / cittu Nivesahi paramapae deu NiraMjaNu joi / / 115 / / ' 'tipayAro appA muNahi parU aMtarU bahirappu / para sAyahi aMtara-sahiu bAhirU cayahi NimaMtu / / 6 / / ' 'jo pariyANai appu parU jo parabhAva caei / so paMDiu appA muNahu so saMsArU muei / / 8 / / ' -yogasAra / -yogasAra / Page #278 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 226 parityAga karake nirmala Atmatattva ko jAnegI tabhI saMsAra se mukta ho skegii| unakI dRSTi se Atma-anAtma kA viveka hI pramukha tattva hai|72 ve kahate haiM ki jo Atma-anAtma ke bheda ko jAnatA hai, vahI saba kucha jAnatA hai aura aisA yogI (antarAtmA) mokSa ko prApta karatA hai| isIlie yadi mokSa ko pAne kI icchA hai to kevalajJAna svabhAva vAle Atmatattva ko jAna / 73 Atmatattva ke jJAna ke binA samagra sAdhanA nirarthaka hai| ve likhate haiM ki kauna to samAdhi kare, kauna pUjana-arcana kare, kauna sparzAsparza kA vicAra kare, kisake sAtha kalaha kare aura kisake sAtha maitrI kare; kyoMki sarvatra hI AtmA dRSTigocara hotI hai|4 ve yaha bhI spaSTa karate haiM ki yaha AtmA deharUpI devAlaya meM virAjamAna hai| unake zabdoM meM jinadeva yA paramAtmA deharUpI devAlaya meM virAjamAna haiN| dharma vahIM hai, jahA~ AtmA rAga-dveSa ko chor3akara apane meM nivAsa karatI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki yogIndudeva ne sAdhanA ke kSetra meM AtmajJAna ko hI sarvAdhika mahatva diyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki jo zAstroM ko par3hate haiM kintu AtmA ko nahIM jAnate ve mUrkha hI haiM, -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / (ka) "Nimmalu Nikkalu suddha jiNu viNhu buddhu siva saMtu / so paramappA jiNa-bhaNiu ehau jANi NibhaMtu / / 6 / / ' (kha) 'dehAdiu je pari kahiyA te appANu muNei / ___ so bahirappA jiNabhaNiu puNu saMsArU bhamei / / 10 / ' (ga) 'dehAdiu je pari kahiyA te appANu Na hohiM / iu jANeviNu jIva tuhu~ appA appa muNehi / / 11 / / ' (ka) 'appA appau jai muNahi to NivvANu lahehi / para appA jai muNahi tuhu~ to saMsAra bhamehi / / 12 / / ' (kha) 'icchA rahiyAu tava karahi appA appu muNehi / to lahu pAvahi parama-gaI phuDu saMsArU Na ehi / / 13 / / ' (ga) 'pariNAma baMdhu ji kahiu mokkha vi taha viyANi / ___iu jANeviNu jIva tuhu~ tahabhAva hu pariyANi / / 14 / / ' 'ko susamAhi karau ko aMcau-chopu achopa karivi ko vaMcau / hala sahi kalahu keNa samANau jahi~ kahi~ jovau tahi~ appANau / / 40 / / ' ___ 'rAya-rosa bo pariharivi be appANi basei / / so dhammu vi jiNa-uttiyau jo paMcamagai roi / / 48 / / ' -vhii| -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / Page #279 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 230 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kyoMki AtmajJAna ke binA nirvANa kI prApti sambhava nahIM hai| unakI dRSTi meM AtmA ke dvArA AtmA ko jAnane se zAzvat sukha yA mokSa kI prApti sambhava hai| jo muni (antarAtmA) parabhAva kA tyAga karake apanI AtmA se apanI AtmA ko pahicAnate haiM, ve kevalajJAna ko prApta karake mukta ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki yogIndudeva ne bAhya karmakANDoM kI apekSA AtmAnubhUti ko hI antarAtmA kA lakSaNa mAnA hai| 4.2.5 muni rAmasiMha kI dRSTi meM antarAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa munirAmasiMha antarAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue sarvaprathama yaha batAte haiM ki jo ghara, parijana evaM aindrika viSayoM ko apanA nahIM mAnatA hai vahI AtmajJAnI sAdhaka hai|07 jo zarIra evaM tadjanya roga, vRddhAvasthA Adi se apane ko bhinna samajhatA hai, vahI AtmajJAnI sAdhaka hai| ve likhate haiM - "na to tuma paNDita ho, na mUrkha, na Izvara ho, na nareza, na tuma sevaka ho, na svAmI ho, na zUravIra ho, na kAyara ho, na tuma zreSTha ho aura na nIca, na tuma puNya ho, na pApa, na kAla, na AkAza, na dharma, na adharma aura na zarIra hI ho| isa prakAra jo deha aura dehajanya vibhinna -vhii| 77 -pAhuDadohA / -vahI / 76 'satya paDhaMtaha te vi jaDa appA je Na muNaMti / tahi~ kAraNi e jIva phuDu Na hu NivvANu lahati / / 53 / / ' (ka) 'jo muNi chaMDivi visayasuha puNu ahilAsu karei / ___ DhuMcaNu sosaNu so sahai puNu saMsArU bhagei / / 17 / / ' (kha) 'visayA-suha dui divahaDA puNu dukkhahaM parivADi / bhullau jIva ma bAhi tuhaM appAkhaMdhi kuhADi / / 18 / / ' (ga) 'dehaho pikkhivi jaramaraNu bhA bhau jIva karehi / __ jo ajarAmarU baMbhu parU so appANa muNehi / / 34 / / ' 78 (ka) 'Navi tuhu~ paMDiu mukkhu Navi Navi IsarU Navi NIsu / ___Navi gurU koi vi sIsu Navi sabbaI kammavisesu / / 28 / / ' (kha) 'Navi tuhuM kAraNu kajju Navi Navi sAmiu Navi bhiccu / sUrau kAyarU jIva Navi Navi uttamu Navi Niccu / / 26 / / ' (ga) 'puNNu vi pAu vi kAlu Nahu, dhammu ahammu Na kAu / ekku vi jIva Na hohi tuhaM mellivi ceyaNabhAu / / 30 / / ' -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / Page #280 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 231 avasthAoM evaM indriyoM ke viSayoM ko apanA nahIM mAnatA hai, jo jIva AtmA ke jJAnamaya svarUpa ko chor3akara anya sabhI ko parabhAva mAnatA hai aura apane siddha svarUpa kA hI dhyAna karatA hai, vahI antarAtmA hai; isa prakAra jisane jJAnasvarUpa AtmA ko dehAdi se bhinna jAna liyA hai, vahI antarAtmA hai| jaba mana paramAtmA se mila jAtA hai arthAt paramAtmA meM lIna ho jAtA hai aura paramAtmA mana se mila jAtA hai, jaba donoM hI samarasa bhAva ko prApta ho jAte haiM, taba unake lie antarAtmA aura paramAtmA kA bheda bhI samApta ho jAtA hai| usa samaya pUjya-pUjaka yA arAdhya-ArAdhaka, aisA bheda bhI samApta ho jAtA hai| sAdhaka AtmA vaha hai jo apanI sAdhanA ke antima caraNa meM apane zuddha paramAtmasvarUpa kI anubhUti karane lagatI hai| AdhyAtmika guNoM kI dRSTi se unhoMne kahA hai ki bahirAtmA se adhika nirmala evaM zreSTha antarAtmA hai| isa prakAra bahirAtmA kA visarjana kara tathA paramAtmA meM antarAtmA kA samarpaNa kara paramAtma-avasthA ko prApta karanA hI sAdhaka kI AtmA kA mukhya sAdhya mAnA gayA hai| kintu antarAtmA se hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa sambhava hai| - munirAmasiMha antarAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM ki jisane marakatamaNi kI pahicAna karalI hai, use kA~ca se kyA prayojana hai?' usI prakAra jisane kevalajJAnAdi anantacatuSTaya se yukta AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra kara liyA hai, use sAMsArika padArthoM se -vahI / -vahI / 76 (ka) 'dehahaM ubbhau jaramaraNu dehahaM vaNNa vicitta / dehahaM royA jANi tuhaM dehahaM liMgaI mitta / / 35 / / ' (kha) 'appA mellivi NANamau avarU parAyau bhAu / so ThaMDeviNu jIva tuhuM jhAyahi suddhasahAu / / 38 / / ' (ka) 'vaSNavihUNau NANamau jo bhAvai sabbhAu / saMtu NiraMjaNu so li siu tahiM kijjDa aNurAu / / 36 / / ' (kha) 'bujjhahu bujjhahu jiNu bhaNai ko bujjhai hali aNNu / appA dehahaM NANamau chuDu bujjhiyau vibhiNNu / / 41 / ' (ka) 'appA mellivi jagatilau mUDha ma jhAyahi aNNu / jai maragau pariyANiyau tahu kiM kaccahu gaNNu / / 72 / / ' (kha) 'NillakkhaNu itthIbAhirau akulINau mahu maNi Thiyau / .. tAsu kAraNa jJANI mAhura jeNa gavaMmau saMThiyau / / 100 / / ' -vhii| -vahI / -paahudddohaa| -vahI / Page #281 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 232 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA koI prayojana nahIM hotA hai arthAt usakA citta AtmAnubhUti meM laga gayA hai| use anya padArthoM kI icchA yA AkA~kSA nahIM hotii| aisI antarAtmA nija zuddhAtmA ke atirikta anya kisI kA dhyAna nahIM krtii| vastutaH paramAtmasvarUpa kA dhyAna nija zuddhAtmA kA hI dhyAna kahA jAtA hai aura vahI paramAtmasvarUpa kI upalabdhi karAtA bahirAtmA ko antarAtmA banane ke lie prerita karate hue munirAmasiMha kahate haiM - "tU samasta vikalpoM ko samApta kara apane citta ko apane svasvabhAva meM sthita kr| vahIM tujhe Atmika sukha prApta hogA aura usake dvArA saMsAra se pAra ho jaayegaa|" Age ve punaH kahate haiM ki mana ko paramAtmA meM kendrita kara viSaya-kaSAyoM kA tyAga kro| isa prakAra hI tuma duHkhoM ko tilAMjali dekara unheM samApta kara skoge| prakArAntara se munirAmasiMha yaha batAte haiM ki jo viSaya-kaSAyoM kA tyAgakara aura samasta vikalpajAla ko tor3akara apane paramAtmasvarUpa meM citta ko nivezita karatA hai, vahI paramAtmA hai aura vahI paramapada ko prApta karane meM sakSama hotA hai| Age ve punaH likhate haiM ki tumane apanA sira to mu~DA liyA arthAt munipada ko dhAraNa kara liyA, kintu jaba taka citta ko muNDita nahIM kiyA, taba taka usa sira ko muNDita karane kA koI lAbha nhiiN| jo mana ko muNDita kara letA hai, vahI saMsAra kA khaNDana kara sakatA hai| yahA~ munirAmasiMha ne antarAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue yaha batAyA hai ki vastutaH antarAtmA vahI hai -vhii| - vahI / 'kevalu malaparivajjiyau jahiM so ThAi aNAi / tasa uri savu jagu saMcarai parai Na koi vi jAi / / 60 / ' 'savvahaMyahiM chaharasahiM paMcahiM rUvahiM cittu / jAsu Na raMjiu bhuvaNayali so joiya kari mittu / / 102 / / ' 'toDivi sayala viyappaDA appahaM maNu vi tharehi / sokkhu NiraMtarU tahiM lahahi lahu saMsArU tarehi / / 134 / / ' 'ari jiya jiNavari maNu Thavahi visayakasAya caehi / siddha mahApuri paisarahi dukkhahaM pANiu dehi / / 135 / / ' -vahI / -vhii| Page #282 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 233 jo apane mana ko muNDita karatI hai|6 antarAtmA viSaya-bhoga se to nivRtta hotI hI hai kintu usakI rUci bAhya karmakANDa aura lokeSaNA meM bhI nahIM hotii| yahA~ munirAmasiMha likhate haiM ki puNya se vaibhava kI prApti hotI hai; vaibhava se abhimAna yA garva hotA hai; garva se buddhibhrama hotA hai aura buddhibhrama se pApa hotA hai aura pApa se naraka kI prApti hotI hai| isa tathya ko lakSita karate hue ve Age kahate haiM ki "antarAtmA puNya aura pApa ke jhamele meM nahIM pdd'tii| vaha to zuddha Atmatattva ko upalabdha karatI hai| munirAmasiMha sAdhaka AtmA arthAt antarAtmA ko upadeza dete haiM: "he yogI! tuma yoga ko dhAraNa kro| yadi tuma saMsArarUpI prapaMca meM nahIM par3oge to isa deharUpI kuTiyA ke naSTa hone para bhI akSayapada arthAt mokSapada ko upalabdha kara loge|" ve punaH kahate haiM - "he manarUpI karabha (U~Ta), indriyoM ke viSayasukha se Asakta mata bano, kyoMki ye indriyajanya viSayasukha kSaNika haiN| ataH jisase zAzvat sukha prApta nahIM hotA, use kSaNabhara meM hI chor3a denA caahiye| tuma Akroza aura krodha bhI mata karo, kyoMki krodha se dharma naSTa hotA hai| dharma ke naSTa hone para narakagati kI prApti hotI hai aura aisI sthiti meM manuSya janma vyartha hI calA jAtA hai| yahA~ munirAmasiMha ne antarAtmA ko viSaya-sukhoM se vimukha hone ke sAtha-sAtha krodhAdi kaSAyoM se bhI Upara uThane kA nirdeza diyA hai arthAt paramAtmA kA pratidina dhyAna karane kI antarAtmA ko preraNA -vahI / 'muDiyamuMDiya muMDiyA, sirU muMDiu cittu Na muMDiyA / cittahaM muMDaNu je kiyau, saMsArahaM khaMDaNu te kiyau / / 136 / / ' (ka) 'sahajaavatthahiM karahulau joiya jaMtau vAri / ____ akhai NirAmara pesiyau saI hosai saMhAri / / 171 / / ' (kha) akhai NirAmai paramagai maNu ghalleppiNu milli / tuTTesai mA bhaMti kari AvAgamaNahaM velli / / 172 / / ' (ga) 'dehAdevali siu vasai tuhu devalaiM Niehi / hAsau mahu maNi asthi ihu siddhe bhikkha bhmehi| / 187 / / ' -pAhuDadohA / -vahI / -vahI / Page #283 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 234 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA dI hai| 4.2.6 AcArya zubhacandra ke jJAnArNava meM antarAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa / ___ AcArya zubhacandra ne jJAnArNava ke 28veM sarga meM Asanajaya kI carcA ke prasaMga meM na kevala antarAtmA kintu usake tIna bhedoM kA bhI saMketa kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki dharmadhyAna ke dhyAna (antarAtmA ke dhyAtA) tIna prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM, jo AtmA kI vizuddhi ke stara para hote haiN| isake pUrva unhoMne guNasthAna kI apekSA se cAra prakAra kI antarAtmA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai : 1. aviratasamyagdRSTi; 2. dezavirata; 3. pramattasaMyata; aura 4. aprmttsNyt| sAmAnyataH guNasthAnoM kI apekSA se antarAtmA ke prakAroM kI jo carcA huI hai, usameM samyagdRSTi se lekara kSINamoha taka sabhI guNasthAnoM kI AtmAoM ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai| punaH unake jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa, aise tIna bheda kiye gae haiM aura usameM aviratasamyagdRSTi jaghanya antarAtmA hai; dezavirata aura pramattasaMyata madhyama tathA apramattasaMyata se lekara kSINamoha guNasthAnavartI utkRSTa antarAtmA hai| cAhe ina do gAthAoM meM spaSTa rUpa se antarAtmA kA ullekha nahIM huA ho, kintu pahale samyagdRSTi se lekara apramattasaMyata guNasthAna taka kI cAra avasthAoM kA ullekha karake phira unheM tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita karane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki AcArya zubhacandra ne yahA~ antarAtmA ke tIna bhedoM kA hI ullekha kiyA hai| 88 -vahI / (ka) visayakasAya caevi vaDha appahaM maNu vi dharehi / cUrivi caugai Nittulau paramappau pAvehi / / 166 / / ' (kha) iMdiyavisaya caevi vaDha kari mohahaM paricAu / aNudiNu jhAvahi paramapau to ehau vavasAu / / 203 / / ' 'dhyAtArastrividhA jJeyAsteSAM dhyAnAnyapi tridhA / leSyAvizuddhiyogena phalasiddhirUdAhatA / / 26 / / ' 'kiM ca kaizcicca dharmasya catvAraH svAminaH smRtAH / sadRSTyAdyapramattAntA yathAyogyena hetunA / / 28 / / ' -vhii| 86 -jJAnArNava sarga 28 / -vahI / Page #284 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 235 antarAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya zubhacandra likhate haiM ki jo muni (antarAtmA) indriyoM ke sote hue bhI jAgatA hai tathA AtmA ke dvArA usa zuddha Atmatattva kA darzana karatA hai, jo samasta vikalpoM se rahita hai, vahI antarAtmA kahalAtA hai|" vidvajjana bhI use hI AtmadarzI mAnate haiN| Age ve likhate haiM - "tU apanI AtmA meM sthita hokara jo samasta klezoM se rahita amUrtika, parama utkRSTa, nivRtta, avinAzI, niSkalaMka, nirlepa evaM nirvikalpa hai, usa atIndriya AtmA ke darzana kara / 62 / / ___AcArya zubhacandra antarAtmA ke lie sAmAnyataH muni zabda kA prayoga karate haiN| ve likhate haiM ki jahA~ saMsAra ke prANI sote haiM, vahA~ saMyamI muni jAgatA hai aura apanI AtmA ke dvArA hI nirvikalpa tathA niSpanda Atmatattva ko jAnatA hai| ve gItA ke eka zloka ko yathAvat grahaNa karate hue likhate haiM ki jo samasta 1 (ka) 'niHzeSakleza nirmuktamamUttaM paramAkSaram / niSprapaMca vyatItAkSaM pazya svaM svAmani sthitam / / 34 // ' -jJAnArNava sarga 18 / (kha) iti pratijJAM pratipadya dhIraH samastarAgAdi kalaMka muktaH / __ Alambate dharmyamacaMcalAtmA zuklaM ca yadyasti balaM vizAlaM / / 16 / / ' -vahI sarga 31 / (ga) 'sa eva niyataM dhyeyaH sa vijJeyo mumukSubhiH / ananyazaraNIbhUya tadgateNAntarAtmanA / / 32 / / ' -vhii| (gha) 'yaH svameva samAdatte nAdatte yaH svato'param / nirvikalpaH sa vijJAnI svasaMvedyo'smi kevalam / / 27 / ' -vahI sarga 32 / (ca) 'saMyojayati dehena cidAtmAnaM vimUDhadhIH / / bahirAtmA tato jJAnI pRthak pazyati dehinam / / 11 / / ' -vahI / (ka) 'nirleo niSkalaH zuddhoniSpanno'yantanivRtaH / nirvikalpazca zuddhAtmA paramAtmeti varNitaH / / 8 / / ' (kha) 'kathaM tarhi pRthak kRtvA dehAdyarthakadambakAt / AtmAnamabhyasedyogI nirvikalpamatIndriyam / / 6 // ' -vhii| (ga) 'apAsya bahirAtmAnaM susthireNAntarAtmanA / ____ dhyAyedvi zuddhamatyantaM paramAtmAnamavyayam / / 10 / / ' -vahI / (gha) 'bahirbhAvAnatikramya yasyAtmanyAtmanizcayaH / so'ntarAtmA matastajjJairvibhramadhvAnta bhAskaraiH / / 7 / / ' -vhii| (ca) 'bAhyAtmAna pAsyaivamantarAtmA tatastyajet / / prakAzayatyayaM yogaH svarUpaM parameSThin: / / 24 / / ' -vahI / E2 Page #285 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 236 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA prANiyoM kI dRSTi meM rAtri hai, usameM saMyamI muni jAgatA hai aura jaba saMsAra ke prANI jAgate haiM taba vaha use rAtri samajhatA hai|3 tAtparya yaha hai ki jahA~ saMsAra ke prANI bAhya viSayoM meM jAgrata rahate haiM, vahA~ muni una bAhya viSayoM se vimukha rahatA hai aura jahA~ Atmatattva kI anubhUti meM saMsAra ke prANI pramAda karate haiM arthAt sote haiM, vahA~ muni jAgatA hai| isa prakAra AcArya zubhacandra kI dR STi meM antarAtmA kI pravRtti bahirAtmA se bilakula bhinna hotI hai| antarAtmA yaha mAnatI hai ki merI AtmA hI jJAnamaya hai, vahI darzana hai aura vahI cAritra bhI hai - anya sabhI bAhya padArtha sAMyogika antarAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya zubhacandra likhate haiM ki jisane yamAdi kA abhyAsa kiyA hai evaM jo parigraha aura mamatA se rahita hai; aisA rAgAdi klezoM se vimukta muni hI apane mana ko vaza meM karatA hai| kyoMki jisane mana ko vazIbhUta kara liyA hai, usane sampUrNa vizva ko vazIbhUta kara liyA hai; kintu jisane apane mana ko vazIbhUta nahIM kiyA hai, usakA apanI indriyoM (ka) yA niSA sarvabhUteSu tasyAM jAgarti saMyamI / / yasyAM jAgrati bhUtAni sA nizA pazyato muneH / / 37 / / ' -jJAnArNava sarga 18 / (kha) jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 2 pR. 447 / -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / (ga) bhagavadgItA 8/17 / (ka) 'yadyadRSyamidaM rUpaM tattadanyanna cAnyathA / ___ jJAnavacca vyatItAkSamataH kenA'tra vacayaham / / 25 / / -jJAnArNava sarga 32 / (kha) 'yaH svameva samAdatte nAdatte yaH svato'param / nirvikalpaH sa vijJAnI svasaMvedyo'smi kevalam / / 27 / / ' -vahI / (ga) 'yadbodhe mayA suptaM yadbodhe punarUsthitam / tadrUpaM mama pratyakSaM svasaMvedyamahaM kila / / 31 / / ' -vahI / 'Atmaiva mama vijJAnaM dRgavRttaM ceti niScayaH / mattaH sarve'pyamI bhAvA bAhyAH saMyogalakSaNAH / / 26 / / ' -vahI sarga 18 / Page #286 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 237 ko rokanA bhI vyartha hai| kyoMki mana kI zuddhatA se hI doSoM kA vilaya hotA hai| jaba mana rAga-dveSa meM parivartita nahIM hotA hai tabhI vaha apane AtmasvarUpa meM lIna hotA hai aura usase hI AtmA kI siddhi hotI hai| ve kahate haiM ki mana kI zuddhi se hI jIvana kI zuddhatA hotI hai| mana kI zuddhatA ke binA tapa Adi bAhya kriyAe~ vRthA haiN| usase kevala kAya ko kSINa karanA hai| vastutaH jisa muni kA mana apane AtmasvarUpa meM lIna ho gayA ho, usake caraNa-kamala meM tInoM hI jagat samyak prakAra se lIna ho gaye haiN| jisane mana kI niHzaMkatA ko prApta kara liyA hai, vahI muni mukti-rUpI ramaNI - jJAnArNava sarga 32 / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / (ka) 'susaMvRtendriyagrAme prasane cAntarAtmani / kSaNaM sphurati yattattva tadrUpaM parameSThinaH / / 44 / / ' (kha) 'pRthagitthaM na mAM vetti yastano-tavibhramaH / kurvatrapi tapastIvra na sa mucyeta bandhanaiH / / 47 / / ' (ga) 'mayi satyapi vijJAnapradIpe viSvadarzini / kiM nimajjatyayaM loko varAko janmakardame / / 40 / / ' (gha) 'yaH siddhAtmA paraH so'haM yo'haM sa parameSvaraH / madanyo na mayopAsyo madanyena na cApyaham / / 45 / / ' (ca) nirvikalpaM manastattvaM na vikalpairabhidrutam / nirvikalpamataH kAryaM samyaktattvasya siddhaye / / 50 / / ' (cha) "rAgAdimala viSleSAdyasya cittaM sunirmalam / samyak svaM sa hi jAnAti nAnyaH kenApi hetunA / / 46 / / ' (ja) "AtmAnaM siddhamArAdhya prApnotyAtmApi siddhatAm / vartiH pradIpamAsAdya yathAbhyeti pradIpatAm / / 64 / / ' (jha) iti sAdhAraNaM dhyeyaM dhyAnayodharmazuklayoH / viSuddhisvAmibhedena bhedaH sUtre nirupitaH / / 104 / / ' (Ta) "ajitAkSaH kaSAyAgniM vinetuM na prabhurbhavet / ataH krodhAdikaM jetumakSarAdhaH praSasyate / / 1 / / ' -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI sarga 20 / Page #287 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 238 kA varaNa kara sakatA hai / citta kI vizuddhi dhyAna hai; vahI jJAna hai aura vahI dhyeya hai, jisake prabhAva se avidyA ko samApta kara jinasvarUpa meM sthira huA jAtA hai / " mana kI zuddhatA hI mokSamArga meM gamana karAnevAlI hai| usa nirmala dIpaka ko prApta nahIM karane para aneka vyakti mokSamArga se cyuta ho jAte haiM / jina muniyoM ke mana ke viSaya vilIna ho gaye haiM, jo zAnta aura anAsakta haiM, ve apane mana ko apanI AtmA meM sthita karake avyaya pada arthAt mokSa pada I jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 67 (ka) 'manorodhe bhavedruddhaM vizvameva zarIribhaH / 68 prAyo 'saMvRtacittAnAM zeSarodho'pyapArthakaH / / 6 / / ' (kha) 'kalaMkavilayaH sAkSAnmanaH zuddhyaiva dehinAm / tasminnapi samIbhUte svArthasiddhirudAhRtA / / 7 / / ' (ga) 'dhyAnazuddhi manaH zuddhiH karotyeva na kevalam / vicchinattyapi niHzaMkaH karmajAlAni dehinAm / / 15 / / ' (gha) ' manaH zuddhayaiva zuddhiH syAdehinAM nAtra saMzayaH / vRthA tadvyatirekeNa kAyasyaiva kadarthanam / / 14 / / ' (ca) 'pRthakkaroti yo dhIraH svaparAvekatAM gatau / sa cApalaM nigRhNAti pUrvamevAntarAtmanaH / / 13 / ' (cha) 'taddha yAnaM taddhi vijJAnaM taddhayeyaM tattvameva vA / yenAvidyAmatikramya manastattve sthirIbhavet / / 20 / / ' (ja) 'vibhramadviSayAraNye calaccetobalImukhaH / yena ruddho dhruvaM siddhaM phalaM tasyaiva vAMchitam / / 23 / / ' ( jha ) ' asanto 'pi guNAH santi yasyAM satyAM zarIriNAm / santo'pi yAMvinA yAnti sA manaH zuddhiH zasyate / / 30 / / ' (Ta) 'yadasAdhyaM taponiSThairmunibhirvItamatsaraiH / tatpadaM prApyate dhIraiScittaprasarabandhakaiH / / 25 / / ' (Tha) 'anantajanmajAneka karmabandha sthitirdRDhA / bhAvazuddhiM prapannasya muneH prakSIyate kSaNAt / / 26 / / ' (Da) 'yasya cittaM sthirIbhUtaM prasannaM jJAnavAsitam / siddhameva muNestasya sAdhyaM kiM kAyadaNDanaiH / / 27 / / ' (Dha) 'tapaH zrutayamajJAna - tanukleSAsaMzrayam / aniyantritacittasya syAnmunestuSakhaNDanam / / 28 / / ' 'ekaiva hi manaH zuddhirlokAgrapathadIpikA / skhalitaM bahubhistatra tAmanAsAdya nirmalAm / / 26 / / ' - jJAnArNava sarga 22 / -vahI | -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI 1 -vahI / vahI / Page #288 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra ko prApta hote haiN|" 4.2.7 amitagati ke yogasAra ke anusAra antarAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 900 amitagati ne yogasAra meM cAhe antarAtmA zabda kA spaSTa prayoga na kiyA ho, kintu use jJAnI yA yogI ke rUpa meM abhivyakta kiyA hai aura isI AdhAra para usake lakSaNoM kA bhI citraNa kiyA hai / ve likhate haiM ki jJAnI puruSa viSayoM kA samparka hone para bhI unase lipta nahIM hotA hai jaise kIcar3a ke mada meM par3A huA sonA usase lipta nahIM hotA / viSayoM ke prati rAga se rahita yogI unako jAnatA huA bhI unase karmabandha ko prApta nahIM hotA / 100 jJAnI sakala dravyoM ko jAnate hue bhI unakA vedana nahIM karatA, jabaki ajJAnI una sabakA vedana karate hue bhI una sabako nahIM jAnatA hai / isa prakAra amitagati kI dRSTi meM jJAna aura ajJAna meM antara hai / unake anusAra vastu jisa rUpa meM spaSTa hai, use usa rUpa meM jAnanA jJAna hai aura rAgAdi bhAva se usase jur3anA yA vedana karanA ajJAna hai / " amitagati yaha mAnate haiM ki para-padArtha AtmA kA upakAra yA apakAra karane meM asamartha haiN| ataH jJAnIjanoM ko una para - padArthoM ke prati rAga-dveSa nahIM karanA cAhiye / use yaha vicAra karanA cAhie ki zatru-mitra, mAtA-pitA, patnI, bhAI aura svajana 66 100 101 'vilInaviSayaM zAntaM niHsaMga tyaktavikriyam / svasthaM kRtvA manaH prAptaM munibhiH padamavyayam / / 33 / / ' (ka) 'duritAnIva na jJAnaM nirvRtasyApi gacchati / kAMcanatya male naSTe kAMcanatvaM na nazyati / / 21 / / ' (kha) 'jJAnAdi-guNAbhAve jIvasyAsti vyavasthitaH / lakSaNApagame lakSyaM na kutrApya vatiSThate / / 22 / / ' (ga) 'jJAnI viSayasaMge 'pi viSaryairnaivalipyate / kanakaM malamadhye'pi na malairUpalipyate / / 16 / / ' (ka) 'nigrahAnugraho kartuM ko'pi zakto'sti nAtmanaH / roSa - toSau na kutrApi kartavyAviti tAttvikaiH / / 10 / / ' (kha) 'parasyAcetanaM gAtraM dRSyate na tu cetanaH / upakAre 'pakAre kva rajyate kva virajyate / / 11 / / ' 236 -vahI / - yogasAraprAbhRta a. 7 / -vahI / -vahI a. 4 / - vahI a. 5 / -vahI / Page #289 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 240 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA saba mere zarIra ke prati nigraha, anugraha athavA upakAra yA apakAra karate haiM, merI AtmA ke prati nahIM aura yaha zarIra AtmA se bhinna hai| ataH zatruoM ke prati dveSa aura svajanoM ke prati rAga karanA ucita nahIM hai|02 vastutaH jo mithyAjJAna ko chor3akara samyagjJAna meM tatpara hotA hai aura AtmA ke dvArA AtmA ko jAnatA hai, vahI karmabandha kA nirodha karatA hai aura aisI AtmA hI yogI yA antarAtmA kI koTi meM AtI hai| AtmA ke lakSaNoM kA upasaMhAra karate hue ve kahate haiM ki jo yogI (antarAtmA) rAga rahita hokara Atmatattva tathA jJAna, darzana aura cAritrarUpa mokSamArga ko samyak prakAra se jAnatA hai, vahI apanI AtmA ko pApoM se bacA letA hai|03 isa prakAra jo yogI Atmatattva meM hokara kaSAya Adi kalmaSoM ko dUra karake sadaiva AtmA ke dhyAna meM hI nirata rahatA hai, vahI antarAtmA hai| jo yogI Atmatattva meM sthita hokara saMyama kA paripAlana karatA hai, vaha karma-nirjarA karate hue mukti ko prApta hotA haiN|04 jo AtmA paradravya se sarvathA vimukha hai, use paradravya ke tyAga kI icchA se AtmasvarUpa kI bhAvanA karanI caahiye| isa prakAra svatattva meM anurakti aura paradravyoM se virakti hI samasta karmamala kI zuddhi kA upAya hai| isalie zuddhi kI icchA rakhane vAle sAdhaka ko Atmatattva kI upAsanA aura ArAdhanA meM hI apanA puruSArtha karanA caahiye|05 -vahI / -vahI / 103 102 (ka) 'mattaSca tattvato bhinnaM cetanAttadacetanam / dveSarAgau tataH kartuM tu yuktau teSu kathaM mama / / 13 / / ' (kha) 'zatravaH pitarau dArAH svajanA bhrAtaro'gajAH / nigRhNantyanugrahNanti zarIraM, cetanaM na me / / 12 / / ' 'AtmatattvaMpayahastita-rAgaM, jJAna-darzana-caritramayaM yaH / muktimArgamavagacchati yogI, saMvRNoti duritAni sa sadyaH / / 62 / / ' 104 (ka) 'spRzyate zodhyate nAtmA malinenAmalena vA / . para-dravya-bahirbhUtaH paradravyeNa sarvathA / / 26 / / ' (kha) 'svarUpamAtmano bhAvyaM paradravya-jihAsayA / na jahAti paradravyaAtmarUpAbhibhAvakaH / / 30 / / ' 'jJAnena vAsito jJAne nAjJAne'sau kadAcana / yatastato matiH kAryA jJAne zuddhi vidhitsubhiH / / 47 / / ' vhii| -vahI a. 6 / -vahI / 105 -vahI / Page #290 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 4.2.8 guNabhadra evaM prabhAcandrAcArya ke anusAra antarAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa prabhAcandrAcArya guNabhadra ke AtmAnuzAsana kI TIkA meM antarAtmA kA vivecana karate hue likhate haiM ki antarAtmA ko jaba samyagdarzana kI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai taba use 'sva' aura 'para' kA viveka utpanna hotA hai aura usake AcaraNa meM bhI nayA parivartana AtA hai / vaha Atma-cintana aura Atmahita kA puruSArtha karatI hai / antarAtmA ke cAritramohanIya karma kA udaya vidyamAna rahane se vaha viSayopabhoga meM bhI pravRtti to karatI hai, kintu usameM lipta nahIM hotI Asakti nahIM rakhatI / vaha rAgAdi bhAva ko heya samajhatI hai, upAdeya nahIM / antarAtmA sAMsArika kAryoM se virakta hokara tapa-saMyama ko grahaNa karatI hai| vaha sundara saMyama kA paripAlana karatI huI karma-nirjarA karatI hai evaM naye karmoM kA saMvara karatI huI cAra ghAtIkarmoM kA kSaya karake arhanta avasthA ko upalabdha karatI hai / taba use sakala paramAtmA kahA jA sakatA hai / pazcAt vaha zeSa aghAtiyA karmoM ko bhI naSTa karake nikala paramAtmA (siddha paramAtmA) ho jAtI hai / isa prakAra antarAtmA jAgrata hote hue paramAtmadazA kI aura gatizIla hotI hai / 06 4.2.6 hemacandrAcArya ke anusAra antarAtmA kA svarUpa yogazAstra meM antarAtmA kA nirvacana karate hue hemacandrAcArya likhate haiM ki antarAtmA virakta bhAvoM se yaha cintana karatI hai ki yaha zarIra to kirAye kA makAna hai / isakA kyA bharosA? eka dina ise khAlI karanA hI hogA / " yaha AtmA pudgala ke svarUpa, sukha-duHkha aura saMyoga-viyoga meM harSa-viSAda nahIM karatI hai| 106 107 AtmAnuzAsanam zloka 163, saMskRta TIkA pR. 185-86 / yogazAstra 12/7 / 241 Page #291 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA antarAtmA anAsakta hokara bAhya sAdhanoM se Upara uThakara, bhItara kI gaharAI meM utarakara caitanya prabhu kA dhyAna karatI huI AtmasvarUpa kI anubhUti karatI hai|" antarAtmA kI jIvanazailI ko spaSTa karate hue ve Age likhate haiM ki yaha AtmA nirantara udAsIna bhAva meM tallIna rahatI huI apane zuddhasvarUpa kA dhyAna karatI hai / ve likhate haiM ki antarAtmA yaha cintana karatI hai ki vaha maMgalamaya zubha prabhAta kaba AyegA, jaba maiM sabhI parapadArthoM ke prati Asakti kA tyAgI, jIrNa-zIrNa vastradhArI hokara malina zarIra kI bhI paravAha na karate hue madhukarI bhikSAvRtti kA Azraya lekara municaryA ko grahaNa karUMgI / antarAtmA antara kI gaharAI meM utarate hue aisA socatI hai ki jJAna, darzana aura cAritrarUpa jaina dharma se rahita hokara maiM cakravartI bhI bananA nahIM cAhatI / guru bhagavanta ke caraNaraja kA sparza karatI huI jJAna, darzana aura cAritrarUpa trividha ratnatrayI yogoM kA bAra-bAra puruSArtha karake janma-maraNa ke cakra ko samApta karane meM kaba maiM samartha banUMgI? kaba maiM mokSarUpI mahala meM praveza ke hetu guNasthAna aura guNazreNI rUpI niHzreNI para agrasara hokara AnandarUpI latAkanda ke samAna jinadharma ke prati anurAga, utkRSTa cAritra, kAyotsarga Adi manorathoM se parama samAdhirUpa paramAnanda ko prApta kruuNgii|" 242 4.2.10 banArasIdAsajI kI dRSTi meM antarAtmA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa dvAra meM banArasIdAsajI samayasAra nATaka ke sAdhya-sAdhaka antarAtmA ke tattvoM ko abhivyakta karate hue likhate haiM ki jaise jalavRSTi jagat ke jIvoM ke lie hitakArI lagatI hai; vaise hI antarAtmA ko sadgurUjanoM kA upadeza yA unakI vANI megha kI jalavRSTi kI taraha hitakArI pratIta hotI hai / " antarAtmA sampatti 108 vahI 12 / 10 / 106 vahI 12 / 16 - 21 / 110 vahI 3/141-46 | 999 'jyauM varaSai varaSA samai, megha akhaMDita dhAra / tyauM sadagurU vAnI khirai, jagata jIva hitakAra || 6 || ' - samayasAra nATaka ( sAdhya sAdhaka dvAra ) / Page #292 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 243 aura parijanoM se moha ko haTAne kA prayAsa karatI hai| vaha yaha mAnatI hai ki ye saba chAyA ke samAna haiM, ye prati kSaNa ghaTate bar3hate rahate haiM - inakA koI bharosA nahIM hai| inase neha lagAne se kabhI sukha yA zAnti kI prApti nahIM hotii| vaha yaha socatI hai ki sage sambandhiyoM se merA sambandha nahIM hai| ye sabhI matalaba ke sAthI haiN| yaha zarIra bhI jar3a hai aura tU caitanya hai| isase pRthak hai| isalie Atmahita kA cintana karate hue rAga-dveSa ke dhAgoM ko tor3akara mujhe apanA Atmabala prakaTa karanA hI hai| tabhI avyAbAdha yA akSayasukha kI upalabdhi ho sakatI hai|4 antarAtmA ajJAnI jIva kI taraha indrAdi ucca pada kI abhilASA nahIM krtii| vaha to sadaiva samatA rasa meM jhUlatI rahatI hai| vaha yaha socatI hai ki yadi haMsI meM sukha mAneM to haMsI meM takarAra khar3I hone kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| yadi vidyA meM sukha mAnUM to vidyA meM vivAda kA nivAsa hotA hai| yadi zarIra meM sukha mAnUM to jo janma letA hai usakI mRtyu nizcita hai| yadi zarIra kI zuddhi meM sukha mAnUM to zarIra-zuddhi meM glAni kA vAsa hai| yadi sundaratA meM sukha mAneM to deha kSINa hotI rahatI hai| yadi bhogoM meM sukha mAnUM to ve rogoM ke kAraNa haiN| yadi iSTa saMyoga meM sukha mAnUM to ve viyoga ke kAraNa haiN| isalie antarAtmA ko ina sabhI meM duHkha evaM azAnti kA AbhAsa hotA hai| usakA 112 -vahI / -vahI / 114 'cetanajI tuma jAgi vilokahu, lAgi nahe kahA mAyAke tAI / Ae kahIMsau kahIM tuma jAhuge, mAyA ramegI jahA~kI tahAI / / mAyA tumhArI na jAti na pAMti na, vaMsakI veli na aMsakI jhAMI / dAsI kiyai vinulAtani mArata, aisI anIti na kIjai gusAMI / / 7 / / ' 'mAyA chAyA ekahai, ghaTe bar3he china mAMhi / inhakI saMgati je lagai, tinhahi kahUM sukha nAMhi / / 8 / / ' 'lokanisauM kachu jAtau na terau na, tosauM kachu iha lokakau nAtau / e tau rahai rami svArathake rasa, tu paramArathake rasa mAtau / / ye tanasau tanamai tanase jar3a, cetana tU tinasauM nita hAtau / hohu sukhI apanau bala ke pherikai, rAga avarodhako tAMtau / / 6 / ' ' 'je durabuddhi jIva, te utaMga padavI caheM / je samarasI sadIva, tinakau kachU na cAhiye / / 10 / / ' -vahI / -vhii| Page #293 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA mAnanA hai ki samatAbhAva meM hI sukha kA upAya hai / " yahA~ para banArasIdAsajI antarAtmA ke svarUpa kA vivecana karate hue likhate haiM ki jisake hRdaya me mithyAtvarUpI andhakAra kA nAza ho gayA hai aura samyagdarzanarUpI sUrya prakAzita ho cukA hai; jinakI moha - nidrA lupta ho gaI hai; jo saMsAra dazA se virakta ho gae haiM, svasvarUpa ko jAnane ke lie prayAsarata haiM ve hI AtmAe~ antarAtmA haiM / " antarAtmA samyagdarzanarUpI kiraNa se prakAzita ho mokSamArga kI ora gatizIla hotI hai aura karmoM kA nAza karatI huI paramAtmasvarUpa ko prApta karane ke lie tatpara rahatI hai / vaha yaha socatI hai ki jisa ghara meM dIpaka jalAyA jAtA hai, usI ghara meM prakAza hotA hai / ThIka vaise hI antarAtmA vibhAva dazA ko tyAgakara AdhyAtmika vikAsa karatI huI samyagdarzana ke dIpa ko jalAkara Atmapatha ko prakAzita 244 116 'hAMsI maiM viSAda basai vidyAmaiM vivAda basai, sucimaiM gilAni basai prApatimaiM hAni basai, roga basai bhogamaiM saMjogamaiM viyoga basai, gunamaiM aura jaga rIti jetI garbhita asAtA setI, sAtAkI sahelI hai akelI udAsInatA / / 11 / / ' kAyAmaiM marana gurU vartanamaiM hInatA / jaimaiM hAri suMdara dasAmaiM chabi chInatA / / garaba basai sevA mAMhi hInatA / - vahI / 117 118 - 'jAkau atho apUraba anivRti karanakau, bhayau lAbha bhaI gurUvacanakI bohanI / jAkai anaMtAnubaMdhI krodha mAna mAyA lobha, anAdi mithyAta mizra samakita mohanI / / sAtauM parakiti khapAM kiMvA upasamI jAke, jagI ura mAMhi samakita kalA sohanI / soI mokha sAdhaka kahAyau tAkai saravaMga, pragaTI sakati gayana thAnaka arohanI || 4 ||' - vahI / (ka) 'gyAna driSTi jinhake ghaTa aMtara, jinhakai sahajarUpa dina dina prati jai kevali pranIta mAraga mukha, nirakhai darava suguna parajAi / syAdavAda sAdhana adhikAi || citaiM carana rAkheM ThaharAi / te pravIna kari khIna mohamala, avicala hohiM paramapada pAi / / 35 / / ' - samayasAra nATaka (sAdhya sAdhaka dvAra ) | (kha) 'cAkasauM phirata jAkau saMsAra nikaTa Ayau, pAyau jina samyaka mithyAta nAsa karikai / niraduMda marasA sUbhUmi sAdhi lInI jina, kInI mokhakArana avasthA dhyAna dharikai / / so hI suddha anubhau abhyAsI avinAsI bhayau, gayau tAkau parama bharama roga garikai / mithyAmatI apanau sarUpa na pichAnai tArtai, Dolai jagajAlamaiM anaMta kAla bharikai ||36|| ' -vahI / Page #294 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 245 karatI hai|" 4.2.11 AnandaghanajI ke anusAra antarAtmA kA svarUpa jainadarzana meM sAdhanA ke kSetra meM antarAtmA kI viziSTa mahattA hai| antarAtmA sAdhaka hai; usakA sAdhya apane zuddha AtmasvarUpa kI prApti hai| Aja taka jitane bhI jIvoM ne paramAtmapada prApta kiyA hai, una sabhI ne samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakUcAritra kI sAdhanA kI hai| una sabhI ne nija antarAtmA se hI paramAtmA ko prApta kiyA hai| ataH dhyAna karane se pUrva parama dhyeya rUpa nija AtmA ke bhagavAna svarUpa ko antarAtmA kahA gayA hai| AnandaghanajI ne bahirAtmA ko antarAtmA kI ora agrasara banane kI preraNA dete hue kahA hai ki - 'yA pudgagala kA kyA vizvAsA hai supane kA vAsa re, camatkAra bijalI de jaise - pAnI bica ptaasaa| yA dehI kA garva na karanA jaMgala hoyagA vaasaa|| jUThe tana dhana jUThe jIvana jUThe haiM ghara vaasaa| Anandaghana kahe sabajI jUThe sAcA zivapura bAsA / / 20 arthAt isa deha kA kyA bharosA! yaha jIvana to svapnavat vidyuta kI kSaNika camaka ke samAna hai| jaise pAnI meM DAlA gayA batAzA samApta ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra yaha pudgala nirmita deha bhI kSaNabhaMgura hai| cAhe hamArI AtmA ajara-amara ho, avinAzI ho, kintu yaha jIvana amara nahIM hai| kisI bhI dina dekhate hI dekhate kaba yaha deha vilIna ho jAtI hai, calate-calate zvAsoM kA dhAgA kaba TUTa jAya, kaba prANa-pakherU ur3a jAya, kaba jIvana kA yaha dIpa bujha jAya, isakA koI nizcaya nahIM hai| pUnaH ve kahate haiM ki yadi zarIra nazvara hai to isa para garva karanA yA ise apanA mAnanA vRthA 116 'jagI suddha samakita kalA, bagI mokha maga joi / vahai karama cUrana kare, krama krama pUrana hoi / / 36 / / 'jAke ghaTha aisI dasA, sAdhaka tAkau nAma / jaise jo dIpaka dharai, so ujiyArau thAma / / 40 / / ' * Anandaghana granthAvalI pada 107 / -vahI / 120 Page #295 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 246 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA hai| antarAtmA isa prakAra cintana karatI huI saMsAra se virakta hokara Atma upalabdhi ke liye zuddha Atmatattva kA dhyAna karatI hai| yahA~ para AnandaghanajI ne saMsAra kI asAratA batAkara jIva ko antarmukhI banane kI preraNA dI hai| yahA~ AnandaghanajI bahirAtmA ko antarAtmA banane ke lie prerita karate hue kahate haiM ki pudgala kI anityatA evaM zarIra kI kSaNa bhaMguratA ko jAne binA samyagdarzana sambhava nahIM hai| jaba zarIra Adi kI anityatA kI pratIti hotI hai, taba hI antardRSTi jAgrata hotI hai aura Atma-anAtma vivekarUpI dIpaka prajvalita hotA hai| jisameM aisI viveka dRSTi jAgrata ho gaI hai, vahI antarAtmA hai| AnandaghanajI RSabhajina stavana meM antarAtmA ke lakSaNa kI abhivyakti karate hue likhate haiM : 'citta prasanna re pUjana phala kA re pujA akhaMDita eha, kapaTa rahita thaI Atama arapaNA re, Anandaghana pada reh||" arthAt kapaTa rahita hokara apane zuddha svasvarUpa meM nimagna honA, yahI paramAtmA kI upAsanA kA pratiphala hai| usI vyakti kI pUjA yA ArAdhanA sArthaka hai, jisane apanI antarAtmA ko paramAtmA ke caraNoM meM arpita kara diyA haiN| aisA vyakti hI citta kI sthiratA ke dvArA paramAnanda ko prApta karatA hai| yahA~ AnandaghanajI yaha batA rahe haiM ki jaba antarAtmA apane zuddha paramAtmasvarUpa meM nimagna hotI hai, tabhI usakI ArAdhanA saphala hotI hai aura vaha Atmika Ananda ko prApta karatI hai : 'yuMjana karaNe ho aMtara tujha par3ayo re, guNa karaNe kari bhNg| grantha ukte kari paMDita jana kahyo re antara bhaMga suag||12 ___arthAt he bhagavan! ApameM aura mujhameM jo antara hai vaha karmabandha ke hetuoM kI upasthiti ke kAraNa hai| yadi karmabandha ke hetu rUpa mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ko samApta kara diyA jAya, to ApameM aura mujhameM koI antara nahIM raha pAyegA arthAt maiM paramAtmasvarUpa ko prApta kara luuNgaa| mujhe pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki eka dina yaha antara avazya samApta ho jAyegA, maMgala dhvani 121 Anandaghana cauvIsI - RSabhajina stavana 1/6 / 22 vahI - padmaprabhujina stavana 6/5 / Page #296 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 247 hogI aura yaha AtmA paramAtmasvarUpa meM nimagna hokara parama Ananda kI anubhUti kregii| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AnandaghanajI kI dRSTi meM antarAtmA kI sAdhanA kI sArthakatA paramAtmapada kI prApti meM nihita hai| unake anusAra jo paramAtmasvarUpa kI upalabdhi meM satat rUpa se sAdhanArata hai, vahI antarAtmA hai| 4.2.12 devacandrajI ke anusAra AtmA kA svarUpa devacandrajI antarAtmA kA vivecana karate hue likhate haiM ki antarAtmA indriya-viSayoM ke rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karatI hai| vaha saMsAra ko heya aura Atma-ramaNatA ko dhyeya mAnatI hai| antarAtmA svayaM ko jAnatI hai|23 devacandrajI ke anusAra deha-vRddhi se bandhana hotA hai aura Atma-vRddhi se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| antarAtmA nimna rUpa se cintana karatI hai : 'nija ajJAneja karma jAya nija jJAna thI, karma tUTe tapathI, te gale dhyAna thii| deha buddhi thI bandha, mokSa Atama gunne|24 arthAt jisa sAdhaka ne AtmajJAna kI jyoti jAgrata kara lI hai, vaha sAdhaka parama Ananda meM jhUlatA hai| pratikUla paristhiti meM vaha samabhAva se jItA hai| antarAtmA saMzaya kA tyAgakara ekAgracitta se Atmacintana karatI hai| adhyAtmagItA meM unakA kathana hai ki - 'Atma jJAna guNa jyoti sadA AnaMda che karma udaya vaza duHkha tohi sakha kanda che jJeya, dhyeya nija deha jANi saMzaya harI / devacandra suprItidharo mana thira karI / / 125 ___ arthAta he antarAtmA! jisa AtmA ne apane nirmala zuddha svarUpa ko pratyakSa kara liyA hai - jisa sarvajJa paramAtmA ke jJAna meM sampUrNa lokAloka jhalakatA hai, usI paramAtmA kA tU dhyAna kr| devacandrajI 123 dhyAna-dIpikA catuSpadI 4/8/3-6 / 124 vahI 4/8/15-16 / dhyAna-dIpikA catuSpadI 4/8/18-16 / Page #297 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 248 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA antarAtmA ko jAgrata karate hue ratnatraya kI prApti ke lie preraNA dete haiN| jo AtmA bAhyadazA kA tyAga kara antara AtmA meM ramaNa karatI hai, vahI antarAtmA hai| 4.2.13 zrImad rAjacandrajI ke anusAra antarAtmA zrImad rAjacandrajI 'zrIsadgurUbhaktirahasya' meM antarAtmA kI Atma-pIr3A kI vivecanA karate hae likhate haiM ki he prabhu! maiM anantakAla se ajJAnatAvaza saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kara rahA hU~, jisakA koI ora-chora nahIM hai| maiM karmoM ke adhIna hokara janma-maraNa ke jAla meM ulajhakara duHkhI ho rahA huuN| phira bhI mujhe sata-svarUpa kA bhAna nahIM huA arthAt usa zuddhasvarUpI paramAtmA kI maiMne abhI taka pahacAna nahIM kI evaM samakitarUpI bodhi-bIja ko bhI prApta nahIM kiyaa| jJAnI puruSoM kI AjJAnusAra maiMne nija svarUpa ko pAne hetu prayatna bhI nahIM kiyaa| na mujhe vairAgya huA aura na hI para ko apanA mAnane kA ahaMkAra chuuttaa|26 ___ antarAtmA yaha cintana karatI hai ki jJAnI santa jinhoMne mujhe bodha dekara jJAna prApti kA mArgadarzana karAyA, unakI sevA bhI maiMne pUrNa samarpaNabhAva se nahIM kI arthAt gurU sevA se maiM vaMcita rhaa| ve Age likhate haiM - "he prabhu! maiM bAra-bAra tuma se yahI prArthanA karatA hU~ ki sadgurU santa evaM paramAtmA meM merI aTUTa dRr3ha zraddhA ho, Apa donoM meM maiM kisI prakAra kA bheda hI nahIM maanuuN| jo AtmajJAnI sadgurU haiM, ve hI paramAtmasvarUpa haiN| maiM nizaMkabhAva se unakI zaraNa meM rhuuN|" aise sadgurU ke caraNoM kI sevA se hI paramAtmapada kI prApti sambhava hotI hai| punaH antarAtmA yaha bhI cintana karatI hai ki he prabhu! zuddha paramAtmasvarUpa meM merI dRr3ha zraddhA ho|27 zrImad rAjacandrajI likhate haiM ki antarAtmA sadgurU kI bhakti 126 'ananta kAlathI AthaDyo, vinA bhAna bhagavAna / sevyA na - hi gurU santane, mUkyUM nahi abhimAna / / 15 / / ' 'paDI-paDI tuja padapaMkaje, mAMgu o ja / sadgurU saMta svarUpa tuja, o dRr3hatA karI de ja / / 20 / / ' -zrIsadgurUbhaktirahasya / 127 -vhii| Page #298 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 246 ke pariNAmasvarUpa Atmabodha ko prApta karatI hai| jina jJAniyoM ne deha aura AtmA kA bhedajJAna arthAt antarAtmA ko deha se bhinna samajha liyA hai, unhoMne apane paramAtmasvarUpa ko hI jAna liyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki jaba AtmasvarUpa kI yathArtha rUpa se pahacAna hotI hai, taba sarvaprathama darzanamoha calA jAtA hai evaM samyaktva kI prApti hotI hai| samyaktva kI prApti se cAritramoha kA varcasva svataH hI ghaTa jAtA hai| usa samaya antarAtmA apane zuddhasvarUpa kA dhyAna karatI hai|28 vikSepoM ko utpanna karane vAle aneka nimitta yA bhayaMkara parISaha Ane para bhI vaha na to ghabarAtI hai aura na hI usakI Atma-nirbharatA TUTatI hai| vaha na to saMkalpa-vikalpa karatI hai aura na hI harSa viSAda karatI hai, apitu svasvarUpa meM nimagna rahatI huI nirvikalpa dazA ko prApta karatI hai|26 antarAtmA mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti ko Atma-upayogayukta karatI hai| vaha zuddha-svarUpI AtmA ko sAdhya banAkara jinAjJAnusAra apanA upayoga bAhya viSayoM meM na lagAkara antarAtmA meM lagAtI hai| vaha nija zuddha AtmasvarUpa meM sthira hotI hai|30 zrImad rAjacandrajI antarAtmA kA vivecana karate hue likhate haiM : he prabhu! mujhe aisA apUrva avasara kaba prApta hogA jaba maiM bAhya evaM Abhyantara granthibheda karUMgA arthAt dhana-dhAnya Adi bAhya viSayoM tathA abhyAntara mithyAmAnyatA, vAsanA, kaSAyAdi se mukta houNgaa| isa prakAra antarAtmA samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana evaM samyakcAritra rUpa mokSapatha kA varaNa karatI hai| vastu kA svarUpa jaisA hai, use vaisA jAnakara vaha usameM sthira hotI hai|31 antarAtmA jagata ke sarva padArthoM ke prati udAsIna hotI hai| anukUla-pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM samabhAva rakhatI hai| vaha deha ko 128 'darzanamoha vyatIta thaI upajyo bodhaje dehabhinna kevala caitanyanuM jJAna jo; tethI prakSINa cAritra moha vilokiye, varte evaM zuddha svarUpanuM dhyAna jo ||3||'-apuurvavsr / 'AtmasthiratA traNa saMkSipta yoganI, mukhyapale to varte dehaparyanta jo ghora pariSaha ke upasarga bhaye karI, AvI zake nahIM te sthiratAno aMta joM / / 4 / / ' -vahI / 'saMyamanA hetuthI yogapravartanA, svarUpalakSaM jinaAjJA AdhIna jo; ne paNa kSaNa-kSaNa ghaTatI jAtI sthitimAM aMte thAya nija svarUpamA lIna jo / / 5 / / ' ____-apUrvaavasara / 'apUrva avasara evo kyAre Avaze? kyAre thaIzuM bAhyAbhyantara nigraMtha jo; sarva saMbaMdhanuM baMdhana tIkSNa chedIne, vicanapuM devacandrajI mahatpurUSane paMtha jo / / 1 / / ' -vahI / 131 Page #299 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 250 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA sAdhana rUpa mAnatI hai, kyoMki usase mokSa ke kArya ko siddha kara lenA cAhatI hai| antarAtmA kI ruci saMyama meM hotI hai - deha meM usakA mamatva nahIM hotaa|32 4.3 antarAtmA ke prakAra Atmika guNoM ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se kArtikeyAnuprekSA,33 dravyasaMgraha TIkA 34 evaM niyamasAra kI tAtparyavRtti TIkA35 meM antarAtmA ke tIna bheda upalabdha hote haiM : 1. jaghanya antarAtmA (aviratasamyagdRSTi nAmaka 4thA guNasthAna); 2. madhyama antarAtmA (5veM dezavirata se lekara 11veM upazAntamoha guNasthAna taka); aura 3. utkRSTa antarAtmA (kSINa kaSAya nAmaka 12vAM gunnsthaan)| AcArya pUjyapAda ne satyazAsana parIkSA meM kSINakaSAya ko hI utkRSTa antarAtmA kahA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne to niyamasAra kI gAthA kramAMka 146 meM antarAtmA aura bahirAtmA ke antara ko spaSTa karate hue mAtra yaha kahA hai ki jo zramaNa Avazyaka kriyAoM se yukta hai, vahI antarAtmA hai|36 prastuta gAthA kI tAtparyavRtti meM maladhArIdeva padmaprabha ne antarAtmA ke prakAroM kA varNana kiyA hai para mUlagAthA meM isa sambandha meM koI bhI saMketa upalabdha nahIM hotaa| mUlagAthA to kevala Avazyaka kriyAoM kI apekSA se antarAtmA aura bahirAtmA ke lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa karatI hai| phira bhI padmaprabhadeva yahA~ para paramparA ke anusAra tIna prakAra kI antarAtmAoM kA ullekha karate haiN| ve likhate haiM ki abheda evaM anaupacArika dRSTi se ratnatrayAtmaka svAtmAnuSThAna meM niyata paramAvazyaka karma se anavarata yukta parama 132 'sarva bhAvathI audAsInya vRtti karI, mAtraM deha te saMyama hetu hoya jo; anyakAraNe anya kazuM kalpe nahIM, dehe paNa kiMcitmUrchA nava joyajo / / 2 / / ' -vahI / 133 kArtikeyAnuprekSA 167 / 134 dravyasaMgraha TIkA gA. 14 / niyamasAra tAtparyavRtti TIkA gA. 146 / 136 'jodhammasukkajhANamhi pariNado so vi aMtaraMgappA / jhANavihINo samaNo bahirappA idi vijANIhi / / 151 / / ' -niyamasAra tAtparyavRtti TIkA / 135 Page #300 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 251 zramaNa sarvotkRSTa antarAtmA hotI hai| vaha solaha kaSAyoM se rahita aura kSINamohapada (guNasthAna) kI dhAraka hotI hai| aviratasamyagdRSTi (caturtha guNasthAnavartI) ko jaghanya antarAtmA kahA gayA hai| ina donoM ke madhya rahe hue sabhI madhyama antarAtmA kahe jAte haiN| isa prakAra prastuta vivecana meM guNasthAnoM ke AdhAra para antarAtmA kA trividha vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| caturtha guNasthAnavartI aviratasamyagdRSTi jaghanya antarAtmA hai| dezaviratasamyagdRSTi nAmaka paMcama se lekara upazAntamoha nAmaka 11veM guNasthAna taka sthita AtmAe~ madhyama antarAtmA kahI gaI haiN| bArahaveM kSINamoha nAmaka guNasthAna meM sthita AtmA ko sarvotkRSTa antarAtmA kahA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM sAdhanA kA pravezadvAra samyagdarzana hai| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM meM gatimAna sAdhaka ke do prakAra haiM - zramaNa evaM saadhk| sAdhaka kA vibhAjana cAritra ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| Atmatattva ke yathArtha svarUpa kA jJAna evaM dharma para avicala zraddhA rakhanA zramaNa aura zrAvaka donoM ke lie anivArya hai| zrAvakAcAra zrAvaka ke lie AcAra AgAra dharma tathA zramaNAcAra zramaNa ke lie AcAra anagAra dharma kahalAtA hai| svarUpa 4.3.1 aviratasamyagdRSTi tathA dezavirata zrAvaka kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa : (ka) aviratasamyagdRSTi jaghanya antarAtmA kaise hai? ____ aviratasamyagdRSTi use kahate haiM jisakA dRSTikoNa to samyak hotA hai kintu AcAra samyak nahIM hotaa| usake Age lagA huA avirata vizeSaNa isI tathya ko sUcita karatA hai ki vaha satya ko jAnate hue bhI usakA AcaraNa nahIM kara sakatA hai| guNasthAnoM kI apekSA se antarAtmA ke ina upa-prakAroM meM sarvaprathama aviratasamyagda STi kA krama AtA hai| aviratasamyagdRSTi ko jaghanya antarAtmA kahA gayA hai kyoMki usakA dRSTikoNa samyak hote hue bhI AcAra samyak nahIM hotA hai| vaha satya ko jAnate hue use jI nahIM sakatA hai| AcAra kI apekSA se vaha anantAnubandhI kaSAya kA kSaya, upazama yA kSayopazama to karatA hai, kintu apratyAkhyAnI Adi Page #301 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kaSAyoM para niyantraNa rakhane meM asamartha hotA hai / vaha pApa pravRttiyoM se pUrI taraha Upara uTha nahIM pAtA hai / usako antarAtmA kevala isIlie kahA jAtA hai ki usameM AtmAbhiruci hotI hai| vaha apane AcAra pakSa kI kamiyoM ko apanI AcAra sambandhI kamajorI ke rUpa meM hI dekhatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki use jaghanya antarAtmA kahA jAtA hai / 252 antarAtmA kI ina carcAoM ke prasaMga meM guNasthAnoM kI apekSA se bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| aviratasamyagdRSTi caturtha guNasthAnavartI AtmA ko jaghanya antarAtmA aura dezavirata samyagdRSTi guNasthAna se lekara upazAntamoha guNasthAnavartI taka kI sabhI AtmAoM ko madhyama antarAtmA kahA gayA hai| isI krama meM kSINakaSAya nAmaka 12veM guNasthAnavartI AtmAoM ko utkRSTa antarAtmA kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaghanya antarAtmA aura utkRSTa antarAtmA meM eka hI guNasthAna hotA hai kintu madhyama antarAtmA meM sAta guNasthAnoM kI sattA hai / isa AdhAra para hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki madhyama antarAtmA ke bhI aneka upavibhAga haiN| yahA~ hama madhyama antarAtmA ke taratamatA kI dRSTi se tIna bheda kara sakate haiM / isameM aviratasamyagdRSTi ko jaghanya - jaghanya antarAtmA kaha sakate haiN| dezavirata ko jaghanya - madhyama antarAtmA aura sarvavirata ko antarAtmA kahA jA sakatA hai / apramattasaMyata guNasthAna se lekara upazAntamoha guNasthAna taka zreNI ArohaNa karanevAlI AtmA ko utkRSTa - madhyama aura 12veM guNasthAnavartI kSINakaSAya ko utkRSTa antarAtmA kahA jA sakatA hai / yahA~ hama madhyama antarAtmA ke ina tIna rUpoM kI saMkSepa meM carcA kreNge| ve isa prakAra haiM : madhyama- madhyama 1. jaghanya - madhyama antarAtmA; 2. madhyama- madhyama antarAtmA; aura 3. utkRSTa - madhyama antarAtmA / (kha) jaghanya - madhyama antarAtmA : dezaviratasamyagdRSTi isameM dezaviratasamyagdRSTi paMcama guNasthAnavartI AtmA ko jaghanya-madhyama antarAtmA kahA gayA hai / dezaviratasamyagdRSTi usa Page #302 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 253 AtmA ko kahate haiM, jisakI jIvanadRSTi samyak hote hue bhI vaha sampUrNa pApa pravRttiyoM se virata nahIM ho pAtI hai| kintu vaha avirata bhI nahIM hotI hai kyoMki vaha AMzika rUpa se samyak AcAra kA pAlana karatI hai| 4.3.2 dezavirata zrAvaka kA svarUpa zrAvaka zabda kA artha - "jo 'zra' se zraddhA; 'va' se viveka tathA 'ka' se kriyA ko grahaNa karatA hai, use zrAvaka kahA jAtA hai|" vaha viziSTa guNoM se yukta hone para zrAvaka kahalAne kA adhikArI hotA hai| zrAvaka vratoM kA pAlana karanevAlA zrAvaka naiSThika kahalAtA hai| sabhI gRhastha zrAvaka sAdhanA kI dRSTi se samAna nahIM hote haiN| unameM zreNI bheda hotA hai| jainAcAryoM ne gRhastha sAdhaka ke lie AcAra kA eka saralatama prArUpa bhI nirdhArita kiyA hai| usI anurUpa gRhastha zrAvaka dvArA AcAroM kA paripAlana karanA mAnA gayA hai, yadyapi pUrvavartI AgamoM meM isakA vivecana upalabdha nahIM hai| isake sambandha meM sabhI jainAcAryoM meM mataikya nahIM hai| vasunandI zrAvakAcAra meM sapta-vyasanoM ke tyAga kA vidhAna hai| vartamAna meM vasunandI zrAvakAcAra ke vidhAna ko sAmAnyataH svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai|37 zrAvaka ke AcAra ko cAra bhUmikAoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai : 1. sapta-vyasana kA tyAga; 2. mArgAnusArI ke paiMtIsa guNa; 3. zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata; aura 4. zrAvaka kI gyAraha prtimaa| 1. saptavyasana kA tyAga saptavyasana nimna haiM38 - 1. juA; 2. mAMsAhAra; 3. surApAna (madirApAna); 4. vezyAgamana; 5. zikAra; 6. cauryakarma; aura 7. prstriigmn| 137'jaina bauddha aura gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 2 pR. 268 / -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / 138 vasunandI zrAvakAcAra gA. 56 / Page #303 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 254 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 2. mArgAnusArI ke 35 guNa AcArya hemacandrAcArya, acArya nemicandra evaM AzAdharajI ne sadgRhastha ke jIvana meM sadguNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| AcArya haribhadra evaM hemacandra ne inheM mArgAnusArI guNa kahA hai| ye guNa zrAvaka kI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA hetu vyavahArika-sAmAjika jIvana jIne ke lie prAthamika zarta ke paricAyaka haiM - tabhI vaha aNuvratoM kI sAdhanA kA adhikArI hai| dharmabindu prakaraNa 36 evaM yogazAstra40 meM 35 guNoM kA ullekha hotA hai| ve nimna haiM : 1. nyAya nItipUrvaka dhana kA upArjana karanA; 2. ziSTa puruSoM ke AcaraNa kI prazaMsA karanA; 3. kula evaM zIla meM apane samAna stara vAloM se sambandha karanA; 4. pApoM se bhaya rakhanA arthAt pApAcAra kA tyAga karanA; 5. apane deza ke AcAra kA pAlana karanA; 6. dUsaroM kI nindA nahIM karanA; 7. aise ghara meM nivAsa karanA jo surakSAvAlA tathA vAyu, prakAzAdi se yukta ho; ghara ke dvAra adhika nahIM rakhanA; 6. satpuruSoM kI saMgati karanA; 10. mAtA-pitA kI sevA karanA; 11. citta meM kSobha utpanna karane vAle sthAnoM se dUra rahanA; 12. nindanIya kAryoM kA tyAga karanA; 13. Aya ke anusAra vyaya karanA; 14. deza evaM kula ke anukUla vastra dhAraNa karanA; 15. buddhi ke nimna 8 guNoM se sampanna honA : (1) dharma zravaNa kI icchA rakhanA; (2) avasara milane para dharma zravaNa karanA; 136 dharmabinduprakaraNa 1/4-58 / 140 yogazAstra 1/47-56 / Page #304 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 255 (3) zAstroM kA adhyayana karanA; (4) unheM smRti meM rakhanA; (5) jijJAsA se prerita hokara zAstra carcA karanA; (6) zAstra virUddha artha nahIM karanA; (7) vastu svarUpa kA jJAna prApta karanA; (8) tattvajJa bnnaa| 16. ajIrNa hone para bhojana nahIM karanA; 17. niyata samaya para bhojana karanA; 18. dharma, artha evaM kAma kA avasarocita sevana karanA; gRhastha jIvana meM artha evaM kAma puruSArtha kA sarvathA tyAga nahIM ho sakatA hai| ataH unakA sevana isa prakAra karanA cAhiye jisase dharma puruSArtha upekSita na ho| 16. atithi, sAdhu Adi kA satkAra karanA; 20. Agraha se dUra rahanA; 21. guNAnurAgI honA; 22. ayogya deza aura kAla meM gamana nahIM karanA; 23. sva-sAmarthya ke anusAra kArya karanA; 24. sadAcArI puruSoM ko ucita sammAna denA-unakI sevA karanA; 25. apane AzritoM kA pAlana-poSaNa karanA; 26. dIrghadarzI honA; 27. vivekazIla honA arthAt apane hita-ahita ko samajhanA; 28. kRtajJa honA arthAt upakArI ke upakAra kA vismaraNa nahIM karanA; 26. sadAcAra evaM sevA ke dvArA janatA kA prema-pAtra bananA; 30. lajjAzIla honA; 31. karUNAzIla honA; 32. saumya honA; 33. yathAzakti paropakAra karanA; 34. kAma, krodha, lobha, mada, moha aura mAtsaryAdi Antarika zatruoM se bacane kA prayatna karanA; 35. indriyoM ko vaza meM rkhnaa| 3. zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata ye AcAra bhUmikA ke haiN| inakA saMkSipta vivaraNa Age prastuta kreNge| Page #305 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 256 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA dezavirata samyagdRSTi ko sAmAnyataH vratadhArI zrAvaka kahA jAtA hai| vaha pA~ca aNuvratoM, tIna guNavatoM aura cAra zikSAvratoM - isa prakAra zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM kA pAlana karatA hai; jo nimna haiM : 1. ahiMsA aNuvrata; 2. satya aNuvrata; 3. acaurya aNuvrata; 4. svapatnI santoSa aNuvrata; 5. parigraha parimANa aNuvrata; 6. digparipANa guNavata; 7. upabhoga paribhoga parimANa guNavata; 8. anarthadaNDa viramaNa guNavata; 6. sAmAyika zikSAvrata; 10. dezAvagAsika zikSAvrata; 11. pauSadhopavAsa zikSAvrata; aura 12. atithi saMvibhAga shikssaavrt| agrima pRSThoM meM hama inakA saMkSipta vivaraNa prastuta kreNge| 1. ahiMsA-aNuvrata sthAnAMgasUtra meM isa aNuvrata ko 'sthUlaprANAtipAta viramaNavrata' kahA hai|41 zrAvakadharma ko dezasaMyata, dezavirata aura dezacAritra bhI kahA jAtA hai| zrAvaka (sAdhaka) gRhasthAzrama meM rahakara gRhastha ke kartavyoM kA pAlana karatA huA saMkalpapUrvaka trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA se virata hotA hai| ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra,42 kArtikeyAnuprekSA,43 ahiMsA-aNuvrata,44 Adi granthoM meM saMkalpapUrvaka trasajIvoM kI hiMsA se virati ko ahiMsA aNuvrata kahA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki zrAvaka (gRhastha) jIvana meM trasa jIvoM kA pUrNataH tyAga nahIM krtaa| kabhI use deha, deza, samAja, parivAra evaM dharma Adi kI rakSA hetu 141 142 143 sthAnAMgasUtra 5/1-2 / ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra 53 / kArtikayAnuprekSA 30-32 / vaMdittusUtra 75 / 144 Page #306 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra pratikAra karanA par3a sakatA hai| gRhastha jIvana ke antargata zrAvaka saMkalpajA, virodhajA, udyogajA aura ArambhajA inameM se vaha kevala saMkalpajA trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai / ahiMsA aNuvrata ko sthira rakhane hetu nimna pA~ca aticAroM se bacanA hotA hai 1. bandhana; 2. vadha; 3. chaviccheda; 4. atibhAra; aura 5. annapAna nirodha / 2. satya - aNuvrata satya-aNuvrata kA dUsarA nAma sthUlamRSAvAda viramaNavrata bhI milatA hai| yogazAstra meM AcArya hemacandra sthUlamRSAvAda ke pA~ca prakAra batAte haiM : 145 1. vara-kanyA sambandhI; 2. pazu sambandhI; 3. bhUmi sambandhI; 4. asatya vacana bolanA nyAsApahAra; evaM 5. jhUThI gavAhI denA / upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM satya - aNuvrata ke pA~ca aticAra upalabdha hote haiM : 146 1. binA soce samajhe kisI para mithyA doSAropaNa karanA; ekAnta meM vArtAlApa karane para kisI para mithyA doSAropaNa karanA; 2. 3. svastrI yA svapuruSa kI gupta bAta prakaTa karanA; mithyA upadeza yA jhUThI salAha denA; aura 4. 5. jhUThe dastAveja likhanA / vaMdittusUtra meM bhI pA~ca aticAroM kA varNana upalabdha hotA hai / 147 3. acaurya- aNuvrataH isa aNuvrata kA dUsarA apara nAma 'sthUla adattAdAna viramaNavrata' prApta hotA hai / adatta arthAt kisI vastu kA diye binA ise hI corI kahA gayA hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtra, grahaNa karanA 145 yogazAstra 2/54 | 146 147 148 257 upAsakadazAMgasUtra 1/33 ( lADanUM) / dattusUtra 14 / upAsakadazAMgasUtra 1/34 / Page #307 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 255 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA vaMdittusUtra46 Adi meM adattAdAna ke pA~ca bhedoM kI carcA upalabdha hai: 1. corI kA mAla kharIdanA; 2. cora ko sahAyatA denA; 3. rAjya ke niyamoM ke virUddha vyApAra Adi karanA; 4. nApa-taula meM hera-phera karanA; aura 5. milAvaTa karake becnaa| 4. brahmacarya-aNuvrata ___isakA dUsarA nAma 'svadArA santoSavrata' yA 'svapati saMtoSavrata' bhI milatA hai| yaha zrAvaka kA cauthA aNuvrata hai| isa aNuvrata kA pAlana karane vAlA zrAvaka svastrI ke sambandha meM bhI maithuna kI maryAdA nirdhArita karatA hai|50 zramaNa kI taraha zrAvaka pUrNataH kAmavAsanA se virata to nahIM hotA, apitu vaha saMyata hotA hai| isa aNuvrata ke pA~ca aticAra haiM : 1. itvaraparigRhItAgamana; 2. aparigRhItAgamana; 3. anaMgakrIr3A; 4. paravivAhakaraNa; aura 5. kaambhog-tiivraabhilaassaa| 5. aparigraha-aNuvrata ise 'parigraha parimANavrata' bhI kahate haiN| zrAvaka zramaNa kI taraha pUrNataH niSparigrahI nahIM hotA, kyoMki gRhastha jIvana meM artha kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| vaMdittusUtra meM parigraha parimANavrata meM jo maryAdAe~ nirdhArita kI gaI haiM, unake ullaMghana ko aticAra kahA gayA hai| isake pA~ca aticAra nimna haiM : 1. dhana-dhAnyAdi ke parimANa kA atikramaNa karanA; 2. bhUmi, makAna Adi ke parimANa kA atikramaNa karanA; 3. svarNa-rajata, maNi-muktA Adi ke parimANakA atikramaNa karanA; 4. dvipada, catuSpada ke parimANa kA atikramaNa karanA; aura 5. gRhastha jIvana ke lie Avazyaka sAmagrI kI sImA kA atikramaNa krnaa| 146 150 vaMdittusUtra 14 / AvazyakasUtra (pariSiSTa pR. 22) / vaMdittusUtra 18 / 151 Page #308 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 256 6. digparimANavrata isa vrata meM zrAvaka dasoM dizAoM meM vyavasAya evaM bhogopabhoga ke nimitta gamanAgamana kI sImA kA parimANa karatA haiN|52 yaha zrAvaka kA prathama guNavrata hotA hai| digparimANavrata meM dizAoM kI maryAdA ko nizcita karanA hotA hai| isake pA~ca aticAra nimna haiM: 1. UrdhvadizA ke parimANa kA atikramaNa; 2. adhodizA ke parimANa kA atikramaNa; 3. tiryak (madhya) dizA ke pariNAma kA atikramaNa; 4. kSetra (dizA) dizA ke pariNAma kA atikramaNa; aura 5. smRti bhaMga - nirdhArita sImA kI vismRti| 7. upabhoga-paribhoga parimANavrata ___isameM bhoga aura upabhoga meM AnevAlI vastuoM kA parimANa kara zrAvaka ko unakA yathAzakti tyAga karanA hotA hai| abhidhAnarAjendrakoza53 meM bhagavatIsUtra ke AdhAra para upabhoga kA artha bAra-bAra upayoga meM Ane vAlI sAmagrI kiyA gayA hai| AvazyakasUtra54 aura dharmasaMgraha meM bhI yahI artha upalabdha hotA hai| yogazAstra56 evaM ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra meM bhoga aura upabhoga zabda prayukta huA hai| isa vrata meM 22 abhakSya, 32 anantakAya tathA 15 karmAdAna kA tyAga karanA hotA hai| sAtaveM vrata ke pA~ca aticAra : 1. sacita AhAra - maryAdA se atirikta sacita AhAra karanA; 2. sacita pratibaddha - sacita-acita aisI mizra vastu kA AhAra karanA; 3. apakvAhAra - binA pakA huA AhAra karanA; 4. duSpakvAhAra - pUrI taraha nahIM pakA huA AhAra karanA; aura 152 yogazAstra 3/1 / abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, dvitIya bhAga pR. 866 / uddhRta 'jaina AcAra : siddhAnta aura svarUpa' pR. 420 / dharmasaMgraha bhAga 330 / yogazAstra 5/3 / ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra 3/37 / - devendramuni shaastrii| 157 Page #309 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 260 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 5. tucchoSadhibhakSaNa - aisI auSadhi bhakSaNa karanA jo khAne yogya na ho| zrAvaka ke lie nimna 15 karmAdAna niSiddha haiM : (1) aMgArakarma; (2) vanakarma; (3) zakaTakarma; (4) bhATakarma; (5) sphoTakarma; (6) dantavANijya; (7) lAkSAvANijya; (8) rasavANijya; (E) kezavANijya; (10) viSavANijya; (11) yaMtrapIr3anakarma; (12) nilAchanakarma; (13) dAvAgnidApana; (14) saradrahataDAgazoSaNakarma; aura (15) astiijnpaassnnkrm|| 8. anarthadaNDa anarthadaNDa zabda kA artha - anartha (niSprayojana) meM daNDa kA bhAgI bnnaa| jaba vyakti svayaM yA parivAra ke jIvana nirvAha ke lie kucha sArthaka aura kucha nirarthaka kriyAe~ karatA hai, to unameM se sArthaka sAvadya kriyA karanA arthadaNDa hai aura nirarthaka pApapUrNa pravRttiyoM kA karanA anarthadaNDa hai|58 isake cAra prakAra nimna haiM - (1) apadhyAna : yogazAstra56 tathA sAgAradharmAmRta'60 meM ArtadhyAna _ tathA raudradhyAnarUpa azubha cintana ko apadhyAna kahA hai| (2) pramAdAcaraNa : zrAvaka yadi pratyeka kArya jAgarUkatA yA sajagatA ke abhAva meM karatA hai, to vaha AcaraNa pramAdAcaraNa kahA jAtA hai|61 DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne Agama ke anusAra isake pA~ca bheda kiye haiM : 1.ahaMkAra; 2.kaSAya; 3.viSaya cintana; 4. nidrA; aura 5. vikthaa|62 (3) hiMsAdAna : hiMsA ke sAdhana - zastrAdi krodhAviSTa vyakti kA 158 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 2 pR. 286 / -DaoN. sAgaramala jain| 156 yogazAstra 3/75 / 160 sAgAradharmAmRta 5/6 / tattvArthasUtra 7/21 kI sarvArthasiddhi kI TIkA / 162 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 2 pR. 260 / -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / Page #310 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 261 denA hiMsA dAna hai| (4) pApakarmopadeza : pApakarma hetu upadeza denA pApakarmopadeza hai| (5) duHzruti : duHzruti pramAdAcaraNa kA eka bheda hai| anarthadaNDa ke pA~ca aticAra 1. kandarpa; 2. kautkucya; 3. maukharya; 4. saMyuktAdhikaraNa; aura 5. upbhogpribhogaatirek| 6. sAmAyikavrata sAmayika samatva (samabhAva) kI sAdhanA hai| yaha jainadarzana kA kendra bindu hai| zrAvaka isa sAmAyika ko prathama sthAna detA hai, kyoMki yaha zikSAvrata anya sabhI vratoM ko balavAna banAtA hai| zrAvaka dvArA niyata samaya taka hiMsAdi pApa kAryoM kA mana, vacana aura kAyA ke vyApAra karane, karAne tathA karane ke anumodana karane kA tyAga karanA hI sAmAyikavrata hai| sAmAyika meM nimna 4 prakAra kI vizuddhi anivArya hai : 1. kAlavizuddhi; 2. kSetravizuddhi; 3. dravyavizuddhi ; aura 4. bhaavvishuddhi| ___ sAmAyikavrata ke pA~ca aticAra nimna haiM : 1. manoduSpraNidhAna; 2. vAcoduSpraNidhAna ; 3. kAyeduSpraNidhAna ; 4. smRtyakaraNa; aura 5. anvsthaan| 10. dezAvakAzikavrata isa vrata meM dizA kA parimANa evaM upabhoga paribhoga kI sAmagrI kI mAtrA ko eka divasa ke lie aura bhI sImita kiyA jAtA hai| zrAvaka usa nizcita kSetra-sImA ke bAhara na svayaM jAtA hai aura na koI pApa pravRtti karatA hai aura na kisI se karavAtA hai| vaha ahiMsaka vRtti kA pAlana karatA hai| isa vrata ke pA~ca aticAra nimna haiM : 1. Anayana prayoga; 2. preSya prayoga; 3. zabdAnupAta; 4. rUpAnupAta; aura 5. pudgala prkssep| Page #311 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 262 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 11. pauSadhopavAsavrata pauSadhopavAsa zabda kA artha apane Apa ke samIpa rahanA arthAt svasvarUpa meM sthita rahanA hai|63 zrAvaka aSTamI, caturdazI Adi parvakAla meM cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karake pauSadha karatA hai| vaha usameM upavAsa ke sAtha-sAtha hI pApamaya pravRttiyoM kA tyAga bhI karatA hai|64 pauSadhopavAsa ke pA~ca aticAra nimna haiM : 1. apratilekhita - duSpratilekhita zayyA saMstAraka; 2. apramArjita - duSpramArjita zayyA saMstAraka; 3. apratilekhita - duSpratilekhita uccAra prasavaNa bhUmi; 4. apramArjita- duSpramArjita uccAra prasavaNa bhUmi kA upayoga karanA; 5. pauSadha kA anupAlana nahIM krnaa| 12. atithisaMvibhAgavata ___ atithi vaha hotA hai jisake Ane kI tithi yA samaya nizcita nahIM hotaa| aise atithi kA artha sAmAnyataH sAdhu kiyA jAtA hai| kintu zrAvakaprajJapti meM sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA - ina cAroM ko bhI atithi kahA gayA hai|65 saMvibhAga arthAt zraddhAbhAvanA se bhAvavibhora hokara ahobhAvapUrvaka atyanta sammAna se apane adhikAra kI vastuoM meM se atithi kA samucita vibhAga karanA - use apekSita vastu kA dAna dekara pratilAbhita karanA hai| yaha zrAvaka kA 12vA~ atithisaMvibhAgavata kahalAtA hai| isake nimna pA~ca aticAra haiM : 1. sacitta nikSepaNa; 2. sacitta pidhAna; 3. kAlAtikra 4. paravyopadeza; aura 5. mtsritaa| bahirAtmA se madhyama antarAtmA kI ora gatizIla hone ke lie ye bAraha vrata bandhana nahIM, apitu AtmotkarSa evaM jIvana vikAsa ke lie anupama sAdhana ke rUpa meM upayogI haiN| 163 vahI pR. 267 / 164 upAsakadazAMgasUtra 1/41 (lADanUM 406) / 165 abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa bhAga 7 pR. 812 / Page #312 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 4. zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAe~ jainadharma meM dezavirata zrAvaka ke lie bAraha vratoM ke sAtha-sAtha gyAraha pratimAoM kA pAlana bhI Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| pratimA kA tAtparya viziSTa niyama ko grahaNa karanA hai / pratimAe~ vastutaH vyakti ke gRhastha jIvana se muni-jIvana kI ora Age bar3hane ke lie kramika caraNa haiM / ina pratimAoM kI carcA prAyaH zrAvaka AcAra sambandhI sabhI granthoM meM milatI hai / 66 1. darzana - pratimA darzana - pratimA yaha zrAvaka kI prathama pratimA hai / darzana - pratimA kA dhAraka zrAvaka adhyAtma meM rUci rakhatA huA svasvarUpa kI pratIti karatA hai / isa pratimA ko dhAraNa karane vAlA zrAvaka sarvaprathama krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha isa kaSAyacatuSka kI tIvratA kama karatA hai; kyoMki jaba taka anantAnubandhI kaSAya samApta nahIM hote, taba taka darzanavizuddhi nahIM ho sakatI / darzana - pratimA kA sAdhaka ina kaSAyoM kI tIvratA ko kama karake samyagdarzana kI upalabdhi karatA hai / upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM bhI zaMkA, AkA~kSAdi doSoM se rahita hokara samyagdarzana kI sAdhanA ko hI darzana-pratimA kahA gayA hai / 67 isa pratimA meM sAdhaka zubha ko zubha aura azubha ko azubha ke rUpa me samyak prakAra se jAna letA hai / yaha darzana yA dRSTi kI vizuddhi kI sthiti hotI hai 1 2. vrata - pratimA jaba sAdhaka dRSTi kI vizuddhi kara letA hai evaM samyak AcaraNa ke kSetra meM cAritravizuddhi kI ora agrasara ho jAtA hai; taba vaha ahiMsA, satya, Asteya, brahmacarya aparigrahAdi vratoM ko apane gRhastha jIvana kI maryAdAoM sahita AMzika rUpa se pAlana karane kA prayatna karatA hai| isa pratimA meM zrAvaka apanI sAdhanA ke antargata pA~ca 166 (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI TIkA 31/11 / (kha) vahI 30 / 17 / upAsaka dazAMgasUtra patra 15 / 263 167 -gaNivara bhAvavijayajI / Page #313 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 264 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA anuvratoM aura tIna guNavatoM kA paripAlana to karatA hai kintu sAmAyika Adi zikSAvratoM kA samyak rUpa se pAlana nahIM krtaa| yaha vrata-pratimA zrAvaka kI dUsarI pratimA hai|68 3. sAmAyika-pratimA yaha zrAvaka kI tIsarI bhUmikA hai| isa sAmAyika pratimA meM sAdhaka samatva kI sAdhanA karatA hai| zrAvaka ke dvArA samatva kI sAdhanA ke lie jo prayatna kiyA jAtA hai vaha sAmAyika kahalAtI hai| isa sAmAyika kI sAdhanA ko jIvana-vyavahAra meM utArane ke lie use satat prayAsa karanA Avazyaka hotA hai| isa sAmAyika pratimA meM sAdhaka ko tInoM samaya - prAtaH, madhyANha evaM saMdhyA meM mana, vacana aura kAyA se nirdoSapUrNa samatva kI sAdhanA karanI caahiye|66 jo zrAvaka darzana-pratimA aura vrata-pratimA kA pAlana karate hue gRhastha jIvana ke kriyA-kalApoM meM se pratidina niyama se samatva kI sAdhanA meM lagA rahatA hai, vaha sAmAyika-pratimA kA dhAraka hotA hai| 4. pauSadha-pratimA parva tithi ke dinoM meM sAdhaka gurU ke sAMnidhya meM dharmadhyAna meM raha kara, dharmArAdhanA meM saMlagna hokara niraticArapUrvaka dina-rAta kA pauSadha karatA hai, use pauSadha-pratimA kahate haiN| yaha pauSadhopavAsa pratimA nivRtti kI dizA kI ora agrasara hone vAlA eka caraNa hai| ise eka dina kA zramaNatva bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha gRhastha (zrAvaka) kI cauthI pratimA hai, jisameM pravRttimaya jIvana jIte hue bhI kucha dinoM meM nivRtti kA Ananda liyA jA sakatA hai| 168 (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra TIkA patra 3017 / (kha) 'paMceva aNuvvayAiM guNavvayAiM havaMti puNa tiNNi / sikkhAvadANi cattAri jANa vidiyammi ThANammi / / 207 / / ' upAsakadaSAMgasUtra TIkA patra 15 / vasunandizrAvakAcAra 276 / vahI 280 / vasunandizrAvakAcAra / 166 Go 171 Page #314 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 5. niyama - pratimA 172 gRhastha ke vikAsa kI pA~cavIM bhUmikA hai| isa pratimA ko kAyotsarga pratimA evaM divA-maithunavirata - pratimA bhI kahA jAtA hai / " isa pratimA kA doSa-rahita pAlana karane ke pA~ca niyama haiM : 1. snAna nahIM karanA; 2. rAtri - bhojana nahIM karanA; 3. dhotI meM eka lAMga nahIM lagAnA; 4. dina meM brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA aura rAtri meM maithuna kI maryAdA nizcita karanA; aura 5. aSTamI - caturdazI ko kAyotsarga karanA / 6. brahmacarya - pratimA yaha gRhastha kI chaThI avasthA hai| isameM zrAvaka kAmAsakti, bhogAsakti yA dehAsakti para vijaya prApta kara AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dizA meM agrasara hone ke lie maithuna se sarvathA virata hokara brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA hai evaM nivRttimaya jIvana kI ora gatizIla banatA hai / yahI brahmacarya - pratimA hai / 173 7. sacitta AhAravarjana-pratimA sAdhaka pUrva kI samasta pratimAoM kA dRr3hatApUrvaka pAlana karatA huA bhogAsakti para vijaya prApta karake sacitta (sajIva) vastuoM ke AhAra kA tyAga karatA hai / uSNa yA acitta jala kA upayoga karatA hai| gRhastha sAdhaka svayaM bhI sacitta padArthoM ko acitta kara grahaNa kara sakatA / " 174 172 173 174 vahI 266 / 'puvvattaNavavihANaM pi mehuNaM savvadA vivajjaMto / ityikahAi Nivitto sattamaguNa baMbhacArI so // / 267 / / 'jaM vajjijjai hariyaM tuyaM, patta- pavAla- kaMda-phala-bIyaM / appAsugaM ca salilaM sacittaNivvitti taM ThANaM / / 265 / / ' 265 - vasunandizrAvakAcAra / -vahI / Page #315 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 266 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 8. ArambhatyAga-pratimA ___isa pratimA meM Arambha-tyAga kI bhUmikA hai| isameM sAdhaka Arambha arthAt hiMsA kA pUrNataH tyAga kara detA hai| vaha apane pArivArika, sAmAjika evaM vyavasAyika kArya apane uttarAdhikArI ko sauMpa detA hai| svayaM nivRtta hokara apanA adhikAMza samaya dharma-sAdhanA meM lagAtA hai; kintu sampatti para se apane svAmitva ke adhikAra ko nahIM chor3atA hai| 6. parigrahavirata-pratimA ise 'preSyArambhavarjana-pratimA' bhI kahate haiN| isameM praveza karane para gRhastha (sAdhaka) sevaka (preSya) Adi ke dvArA kArya karavAne kA bhI tyAga kara detA hai| sAtha hI vaha sampatti ke svAmitva kA adhikAra bhI tyAga detA hai, para vaha apane uttarAdhikArI ko mArgadarzana de sakatA hai| isa pratimA meM gRhastha (sAdhaka) na to svayaM Arambha karatA hai aura na karavAtA hai| 10. uddiSTabhaktavarjana-pratimA __isameM gRhastha svayaM ke nimitta se bane bhojana kA bhI tyAga kara detA hai| vaha sira muNDana karavAtA hai, kintu zikhA rakhatA hai| aisA sAdhaka laukika kAryoM meM bhI rUci nahIM rakhatA hai aura na hI unakI anumodanA karatA hai| vaha anumati-tyAgI addiSTabhaktavarjanapratimAdhArI zrAvaka kahalAtA hai| 11. zramaNabhUta-pratimA isa avasthA meM gRhastha (sAdhaka) zramaNa ke sadRza bana jAtA hai| usake samasta anuSThAna zramaNa ke samakakSa hote haiM, jaise kezaluMcana karavAnA, zramaNa ke sadRza saMyamopakaraNa rakhanA, bhikSA dvArA kSudhA nivRtti karanA aadi| zramaNa ke sadRza jIvanacaryA kA pAlana karane para bhI usameM usase kucha bhinnatA hotI hai| yadi usakI zakti na ho 175 'jaM kiMci gihAraMbhaM bahu thovaM vA sayA vivajjei / ArambhaNiyattamaI so aTThasu sAvao bhaNio / / 268 / / ' -vhii| Page #316 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 267 to vaha ustare se keza utAra sakatA hai| isa prakAra gRhastha (sAdhaka) kramazaH ina 11 pratimAoM kA pAlana karatA huA AdhyAtmika vikAsa karatA hai| anta meM antarAtmA kI dazA ko prApta kara paramAtmadazA ko upalabdha karane ke lie zramaNa jIvana ke nikaTa pahu~ca jAtA hai| 4.3.3 sarvavirata antarAtmA madhyama-madhyama antarAtmA kise kahate haiM? madhyama antarAtmA kA dUsarA vibhAga madhyama-madhyama antarAtmA hai| isa varga ke antargata sarvavirata munivarga ko samAhita kiyA jAtA hai| guNasthAna siddhAnta kI apekSA se sarvavirata ke do vibhAga kiye jAte haiM : 1. pramattasaMyata; aura 2. aprmttNyt| sarvavirata muni ina donoM avasthAoM meM saMkramaNa karatA rahatA hai| vaha sarvakAla sthAyI rUpa se kisI eka avasthA meM nahIM rahatA hai| AtmAbhimukha hokara kabhI apramattadazA meM rahatA hai, to kabhI dehAdibhAva jAgrata hone para pramatta avasthA meM A jAtA hai| koI bhI sarvavirata jIvanaparyanta na to sarvathA apramatta raha pAtA hai aura na sarvathA pramatta hI rahatA hai| isI kAraNa donoM hI guNasthAnavartI muni madhyama-madhyama antarAtmA ke varga meM hI samAhita kiye jAte haiN| isa avasthA meM muni-jIvana ke Avazyaka kartavyoM meM paMcamahAvratoM, paMca samitiyoM aura tIna guptiyoM kA pAlana anivArya hai| muni ke paMca mahAvrata nimna haiM : 1. ahiMsA mahAvrata; 2. satya mahAvrata; 3. acaurya mahAvrata; 4. brahmacarya mahAvrata; aura 5. aparigraha mhaavrt| ina paMca mahAvratoM kI sAdhanA nimna navakoTiyoM sahita kI jAtI hai : 1. manasA-akRta; 2. manasA-akArita; 3. manasA-anumodita; 4. vacasA-akRta; 5. vacasA-akArita; 6. vacasA-anumodita; 7. kAyasA-akRta; 8. kAyasA-akArita; tathA 6. kaaysaa-anumodit| Page #317 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 268 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA muni hiMsA, jhUTha, asatya, maithuna aura parigraha - ina pA~ca pApa pravRttiyoM se pUrNataH virakta rahatA hai| inake atirikta vaha nimna pA~ca samitiyoM kA bhI pAlana karatA hai : 1. IryAsamiti; 2. bhASAsamiti; 3. eSaNAsamiti; 4. AdAna nikSepasamiti; aura 5. uccArapranavana smiti| sAtha hI use nimna tIna guptiyoM kA pAlana karanA hotA hai : 1. manogupti; 2. vacanagupti; 3. kaaygupti| 1. muni kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa jainaparamparA ko zramaNaparamparA bhI kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki isameM zramaNajIvana ko pradhAna mAnA jAtA hai| bRhadkalpasUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki prathama pratyeka Agantuka ko yatidharma kA bodha karAnA caahiye| yadi vaha usakA pAlana karane meM asamartha ho to use gRhasthadharma kI preraNA denI caahiye|76 bauddhaparamparA meM bhI zramaNa paramparA svIkAra kI gaI hai| usameM bhI zramaNajIvana ko sarvocca sthAna diyA gayA hai| vaidika paramparA meM bhI jIvana kA antima sAdhya sanyAsa hI mAnA gayA hai| gItA sanyAsamArga aura gRhasthajIvana ke madhya samanvaya karatI hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra zramaNajIvana kA uddezya pApapUrNa yA hiMsaka pravRttiyoM se bacanA evaM sAtha hI rAga-dveSAtmaka pravRttiyoM se virakta honA hai| jainaparamparA ke anusAra zramaNa jIvana kA sAra virati hai| prAkRta meM zramaNa ko samaNa kahate haiN| prAkRta 'samaNa' zabda ke nimna tIna rUpa banate haiM : 1. zramaNa; 2. samana; aura 3. shmn| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina likhate haiM ki : 1. zramaNa zabda 'zrama' dhAtu se banA hai| isakA artha hai - parizrama kA Ama vikAsa yA prayatna karanA arthAt jo vyakti apane Atma-vikAsa ke lie parizrama karatA hai, vaha zramaNa hai| 176 (ka) bRhadkalpasUtra 1136 / (kha)suttanipAta 12/14-15 / (ga) gItA 5/2 / Page #318 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 266 2. samana zabda ke mUla meM 'sam' hai, jisakA artha hai smtvbhaav| jo vyakti sabhI prANiyoM ko apane samAna samajhatA hai aura anukUla-pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM samabhAva rakhatA hai, vaha zramaNa kahalAtA hai| 3. zamana zabda kA artha hai - apanI vRttiyoM ko zAnta rakhanA athavA mana aura indriyoM para saMyama rkhnaa| ataH jo vyakti apanI vRttiyoM ko saMyamita rakhatA hai, vaha zramaNa hai|77 vastutaH jainaparamparA meM zramaNa zabda kA mUla tAtparya samatvabhAva kI sAdhanA hI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kevala maNDita vyakti ko zramaNa na kahakara samatva kI sAdhanA karane vAle sAdhaka ko hI zramaNa kahA hai| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM zramaNajIvana kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai - jo prANI sadaiva hiMsA se rahita ho; satya vacana bolatA ho; maithuna, parigraha tathA rAga-dveSa se rahita ho; indriyoM kA vijetA ho; aura mokSamArga kA pathika ho, use hI saccA zramaNa kahA jAtA hai|6 digambara paramparA ke anusAra mUlAcAra meM zramaNa ke nimna 28. guNa batAye gae haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra 27 mUlaguNa isa prakAra mAne gaye haiM :180 1-5. paMcamahAvrata; 6-10. pA~coM indriyoM kA saMyama; 11. Antarika pavitratA; 12. bhikSu upadhi kI pavitratA; 13. kSamA; 14. anAsakti; 15. mana kI satyatA; 16. vacana kI satyatA; 17. kAyA kI satyatA; 18-23. chaH prakAra ke prANiyoM ke prati saMyama yA unakI hiMsA na karanA; 178 177 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 2 pR. 326 / / -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / uttarAdhyayanasUtra 25/32 / sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1/16/2 (uddhRta zramaNasUtra pR. 54-57) / 150 bola saMgraha bhAga 6 pR. 228 / 176 Page #319 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 270 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 24-26. tIna gupti; 27. sahanazIlatA aura 28. sNlekhnaa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM Antarika vizuddhi para adhika bala diyA 2. zramaNa ke paMcamahAvrata zramaNa ke paMcamahAvrata nimna haiM : 1. ahiMsA; 2. satya; 4. brahmacarya aura 5. aparigraha / 3. asteya; 1. ahiMsA (sarvaprANAtipAtaviramaNa) mahAvrata jaina zramaNa kA ahiMsA prathama mahAvrata hai| isa mahAvrata kI carcA sthAnAMgasUtra meM bhI upalabdha hai| 'savvAo pANAivAyo veramaNaM' arthAt hiMsA se pUrNataH virata honA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM ahiMsA mahAvrata kA isa prakAra vivecana milatA hai - mana, vacana aura kAyA ke trividha yoga ke dvArA tathA kRta, kArita evaM anumodita rUpa se trasa evaM sthAvara jIvoM ko pIr3A yA kaSTa nahIM pahu~cAnA ahiMsA mahAvrata hai|82 mana se kisI bhI jIva ko pIr3A pahu~cAne kA cintana yA kisI ke kahane para usakA samarthana karanA bhI hiMsA hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM bhI batAyA gayA hai ki bhikSu jagat meM jitane bhI prANI haiM, unakI jAne yA anajAne meM bhI hiMsA na karatA hai, na karavAtA hai aura na usakI anumodanA karatA hai|83 zramaNa ko ArambhI, udyogI, virodhI aura saMkalpI - ina cAroM hI hiMsA kA tyAga hotA hai| zramaNa pUrNarUpa se hiMsA se bacane hetu pratyeka kArya sajagatApUrvaka karatA hai, jisase kisI prakAra kI hiMsA 162 sthAnAMgasUtra 4/131 (aMgasuttANi lADanUM khaNDa 3 pR. 285) / uttarAdhyayanasUtra 8/10 / dazavaikAlikasUtra 6/10 / 183 Page #320 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 184 na ho| AcArAMgasUtra, samavAyAMga aura praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM ahiMsA mahAvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA vivecana nimna milatA hai| AcArAMgasUtra aura samavAyAMga ke anusAra inake nAma nimna haiM : 1. IryAsamiti; 2. manogupti; 3. vacanasamiti; 4. Alokita pAnabhojana aura 5. AdAnabhANDamAtranikSepaNAsamiti / praznavyAkaraNasUtra ke anusAra inake nAma nimna haiM : 1. IryAsamiti; 2. manaHsamiti; 4. eSaNAsamiti; aura 5. AdAnanikSepaNasamiti / 184 2. satya (sarvamRSAvAdaviramaNa) mahAvrata satya mahAvrata ke pAlana meM zramaNa mana, vacana aura kAyA ke trividha yogoM tathA kRta-kArita, anumodana kI navakoTiyoM sahita atattva sambhASaNa kA tyAga karatA hai / isa mahAvrata meM vacana satyatA para adhika bala diyA gayA hai| jainAgamoM meM asatya ke cAra prakAra nimna rUpa se batAye gae haiM : 1. hote hue nahIM kahanA; 2. nahIM hote hue usakA astitva batAnA; 3. vastu kucha hai aura use kucha aura batAnA; 4. hiMsAkArI, pApakArI aura apriya vacana bolanA / 185 186 3. bhASAsamiti; jaina AgamoM ke anusAra bhASA ke cAra prakAra haiM : 1. satya; 2. asatya; 3. mizra; aura 4. vyAvahArika / 185 praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM satya ko mahatvapUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai satya hI bhagavAn hai ( taM saccaM bhagavaM ) / vahI samasta loka meM sArabhUta hai / " uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI apekSA se krodha, hAsya, lobha tathA bhayAdi se prerita hokara asatya vacana kA prayoga nahIM karanA satya mahAvrata 271 (ka) AcArAMgasUtra 2 / 15 / 44 se 46 ( aMgasuttANi lADanUM khaNDa 1 pR. 242-43) / (kha) samavAyAMga 25 / 1 ( aMgasutaNi lADanUM khaNDa 3 pR. 862) / (ga) praznavyAkaraNasUtra 6 / 1 / 16 ( aMgasutaNi lADanUM khaNDa 3 pR. 686 ) | purUSArthasiddhayupAya 61 / praznavyAkaraNasUtra 2/2 / Page #321 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 272 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA hai|87 muni sadaiva hI mRSAvAda kA tyAga karatA hai| vaha sAvadhAnIpUrvaka hitakArI evaM satya vacana hI bolatA hai| 3. asteya (sarvaadattAdAnaviramaNa) mahAvrata yaha asteya mahAvrata zramaNa kI tIsarI bhUmikA hai| 'savvAo adintANAo veramaNaM' arthAt sarvathA adattAdAna kA tyAga karanA asteya mahAvrata hai| isa asteya mahAvrata kA pAlana zramaNa ko mana, vacana aura kAyA tathA kRta-kArita evaM anumodana kI navakoTiyoM sahita karanA caahiye| vastra, bhojana, zayyA, auSadha, nivAsa Adi svAmI ke dene para hI zramaNa ko svIkAra karanA caahiye| unakI AjJA ke binA svIkAra nahIM karanA caahiye| jainadarzana meM isa cauryakarma ko bhI hiMsA kahA gayA hai| praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM batAyA hai ki yaha adattAdAna (corI) hai| bhaya, santApa aura maraNAdi pAtakoM ko paidA karatA hai|8 dazavaikAlikasUtra meM isa mahAvrata kI vistRta jAnakArI upalabdha hotI hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki acitta yA sacitta, choTI yA bar3I - cAhe dA~ta sApha karane kA tinakA bhI kyoM na ho, phira bhI use svayaM na le| unakA svAmI de tabhI svIkAra kre| isa mahAvrata kA tIna yoga aura tIna karaNa se paripAlana karane ke lie AcArAMgasUtra meM isakI nimna pA~ca bhAvanAe~ upalabdha 1. vicArapUrvaka vastu yA sthAna kI yAcanA - zramaNa vicArapUrvaka parimita parimANa meM hI vastu evaM sthAna Adi kI yAcanA kare; 2. gurU kI AjJA se yAcita AhArAdi vastuoM kA upabhoga bhI gurU ko dikhAkara unakI AjJA se kare; 3. zramaNa svayaM ke lie nizcita parimANa meM hI vastuoM kI yAcanA kare; 4. zramaNa ko jitanI AvazyakatA ho utanI mAtrA kA parimANa nizcita karake yAcanA kare; 5. apane sahayogI zramaNoM ke lie bhI vicArapUrvaka parimita parimANa meM hI yAcanA kre| 197 188 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 25/24 / praznavyAkaraNasUtra 3 / AcArAMgasUtra dvitIya zrutaskaNdha pR. 1437-38 / 186 Page #322 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 273 4. brahmacarya mahAvrata zramaNa kA yaha caturtha mahAvrata hai| isa brahmacarya mahAvrata kI vistRta carcA jainAgamoM meM upalabdha hotI hai| zramaNajIvana kI sAdhanA meM yaha mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki zramaNa ko mana, vacana aura kAyA evaM kRta-kArita aura anumodita rUpa se navakoTi sahita sarva prakAra ke maithunasevana kA tyAga karanA caahiye|60 praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki brahmacarya uttama tapa, niyama, jJAna, darzana, cAritra, samyaktva evaM vinaya kA mUla hai - yama niyama rUpa pradhAna guNoM se yukta kahalAtA hai| brahmacaryavrata kA pAlana karane se deva, dAnava aura yakSAdi prasanna hokara namaskAra karate haiN| jainadarzana meM brahmacaryavrata kI viziSTa mahattA hai| brahmacarya kA bhaMga hone para sabhI vrata-niyama, zIla, tapa guNAdi cUra cUra ho jAte haiN| abrahmacarya ke kAraNa Asakti aura mohAdi rahate haiM, jisase AtmA patana ke garta meM gira jAtI hai| brahmacarya kI surakSA hetu zramaNa ko apane bAhya jIvana meM jo saMyoga prApta hote haiM, unake prati hameMzA sajaga rahanA Avazyaka hai| kyoMki sAdhaka ke antara meM dabI huI vAsanA kabhI bhI bAhya nimitta ko pAkara prakaTa ho sakatI hai| brahmacarya vrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ nimna haiM: 1. strIkathA tyAga; 2. manohara kriyAvalokana tyAga: 3. pUrva rati-vilAsa smaraNa tyAga; 4. praNIta rasa-bhojana tyAga; aura 5. zayanAsana tyaag|" isa prakAra mana, vacana evaM kAyA se maithuna nahIM karanA hI brahmacarya mahAvrata hai| zramaNa ke lie isakA sarvathA pAlana Avazyaka hai| 5. sarvaparigrahaviramaNa (aparigraha) mahAvrata zramaNa kA pA~cavAM aparigraha mahAvrata hai| zramaNa antaraMga aura 160 161 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 25/25 / / (ka) AcArAMgasUtra dvitIya zrutaskaNdha 2/15/176 / (kha) 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 2 pR. 337 / -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / Page #323 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA bAhya parigraha se virata hotA hai / parigraha kI Asakti ke kAraNa mana kI kaluSitA, azAnti, bhaya aura tRSNA bar3hatI hai jisase mana kI sthiratA nahIM rahatI hai / zramaNa parigraha yA mUrcchA ( Asakti) ke kAraNa ahiMsAdi mahAvratoM kA pUrNataH paripAlana nahIM kara pAtA hai / isa mahAvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ nimna haiM : 274 1. zrotrendriya ke viSayoM meM anAsakti; 2. cakSurIndriya viSayoM meM anAsakti; 3. ghrANendriya viSayoM meM anAsakti; 4. rasanendriya viSayoM meM anAsakti; aura 5. sparzendriya viSayoM meM anAsakti / ye pA~coM bhAvanAe~ pA~coM indriyoM ke viSayoM meM Asakti kA niSedha rUpa haiN| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM batAyA hai ki parigraha kA artha bAhya padArthoM kA saMgraha nahIM karanA, mAtra itanA hI nahIM hai; apitu Antarika mUrcchAbhAva athavA Asakti bhI hai / 62 jainadarzana meM parigraha nimna do prakAra kA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai: 1. bAhya parigraha aura 2. Abhyantarika parigraha | zramaNa ko sabhI prakAra ke parigraha kA tyAga karanA cAhiye / 93 jaina zramaNa ke lie ve hI vastue~ rakhane kA vidhAna hai, jinase saMyama yAtrA kA nirvAha ho sake / mAtra yahI nahIM, use una upakaraNoM para bhI Asakti nahIM honI cAhiye / 6. rAtri - bhojana viramaNa vrata zramaNa chaThe vrata ke rUpa meM rAtri - bhojana kA tyAga karatA hai / zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra rAtri - bhojana kA niSedha 6The mahAvrata ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA gayA hai / dazavaikAlikasUtra meM bhI AcArya zayyaMbhavasUri ne rAtri - bhojana ko 6The mahAvrata ke rUpa meM batAyA hai / 64 muni sampUrNa jIvana paryanta rAtri - bhojana kA parityAga karatA hai / rAtri - bhojana kA niSedha ahiMsA mahAvrata evaM saMyama jIvana kI 162 dazavaikAlikasUtra 6 / 21 / 193 bahakalpa 1 / 831 (dekhiye bolasaMgraha bhAga 5 pR. 33) / 164 dazavaikAlikasUtra 6 / 21 / Page #324 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra surakSA ke lie Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai / dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki muni ko sUryAsta ke pazcAt mana se bhI AhArAdi kI icchA nahIM karanI caahiye| mahApuruSoM ne isa vrata ko nitya kA sAdhana mAnA hai / rAtri meM bhojana karane se sUkSma jIvoM kI hiMsA kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai; kyoMki sUryAsta hone para pRthvI para sUkSma trasa evaM sthAvara jIva vyApta ho jAte haiM / ataH nirgrantha muniyoM ke lie jIvahiMsA ke bacAva hetu rAtri - bhojana kA niSedha batAyA hai / 195 digambaraparamparA ke anusAra zramaNa ke lie rAtri bhojana kA tyAga Avazyaka hai| AcArya amRtacandra puruSArthasiddhyupAya meM likhate haiM ki rAtri meM bhojana karane para brahmacaryavrata kA pAlana nirvighnatApUrvaka sambhava nahIM hotaa| rAtri meM bhojana taiyAra karane hetu agni aura dIpakAdi ko prajvalita karane se usameM aneka jantu Akara jala jAte haiM tathA unakI hiMsA hotI hai / isa kAraNa rAtri - bhojana hiMsAyukta hai / ataH sAdhu ke lie rAtri - bhojana kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai 1 166 3. aSTapravacana mAtA : samiti evaM gupti pA~ca samitiyoM evaM tIna guptiyoM meM jina-pravacana kA sAra samAviSTa hai| isalie inheM aSTapravacana mAtA bhI kahate haiN| madhyama- madhyama antarAtmA ina aSTapravacana mAtAoM kA samyak prakAra se pAlana karatI hai / samitiyA~ sAdhu ke AcAra ke vidheyAtmaka aura guptiyA~ usake niSedhAtmaka pakSa ko prastuta karatI haiN| ina samitiyoM ke dvArA zramaNa kI zubha pravRtti hotI hai| samiti zabda 'sama' upasargapUrvaka 'iNa' (gatI) dhAtu meM bhAvavAcaka ktina pratyaya lagAne se samiti zabda banatA hai / jisakA artha hai samyak prakAra se jAnA yA pravRtti karanA / yahA~ hama ina pA~ca samitiyoM evaM tIna guptiyoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa prastuta kareMgeM / 166 165 dazavaikAlikasUtra 6/21 / 6/23-26 / puruSArthasiddhyupAya 132 / 275 Page #325 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 276 1. IryAsamiti isakA pAlana karane hetu Avazyaka kAryoM ke lie sAdhu ko gamanAgamana meM sAvadhAnI rakhanI hotI hai / isa samiti meM gamanAgamana kI kriyA kA vidhAna hai / IryAsamiti kA artha hai calane meM samyak pravRtti karanA / muni ko calate samaya pA~coM indriyoM ke viSaya evaM adhyavyasAyoM ko chor3akara mAtra calane kI kriyA kA dhyAna rakhanA caahiye| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina likhate haiM ki AcArAMgasUtra meM isa samiti kI vistRta carcA nimnAnusAra hai : 2. jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA pA~ca samitiyA~ 1. calate samaya sAvadhAnIpUrvaka sAmane kI bhUmi ko dekhakara calanA; 2. calate samaya hAtha-pairoM ko Apasa meM TakarAnA nahIM cAhiye; uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM IryAsamiti ke niyama isa prakAra haiM : 1. Alambana; 2. kAla; 3. mArga; aura 4. yatnAdi / devacandrajI IryAsamiti kI sajjhAya meM AvAgamana ke cAra kAraNa likhate haiM : 1. jinavandana; 2. vihAra; 3. AhAra; aura 4. nihAra / 168 3. bhaya aura vismaya kA tyAgakara calanA cAhiye; 4. bhAga-daur3a na karake madhyama gati se calanA cAhiye; 5. calate samaya pairoM ko eka dUsare se adhika antara para rakhakara nahIM calanA cAhiye / 167 bhASAsamiti muni dvArA bhASA kA saMyama yA vANI kA viveka rakhanA bhASA samiti hai| muni ko doSapUrNa, karkaza, niSThura aura paritApa denevAle vacana nahIM bolanA caahiye| muni ko sAvadhAnIpUrvaka bolanA cAhiye / use hita- mita, priya aura satya vacana bolanA caahiye| sAtha hI muni ko yathAsamaya parimita evaM nirdoSa bhASA bolanA cAhiye / 167 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 1 pR. 352 - 56 / - DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / uttarAdhyayanasUtra 24 / 2, 4 evaM 5 / Page #326 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 277 3. eSaNAsamiti .eSaNA zabda kA artha hai khoja yA gvessnnaa| isakA sAmAnya artha cAha yA AvazyakatA bhI hotA hai| muni kA apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti hetu AhAra, sthAna Adi kI yAcanA meM viveka rakhanA eSaNAsamiti hai| muni ko nirdoSa bhikSA evaM AvazyakatAnusAra vastue~ svIkAra karanI caahiye| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM eSaNA ke tIna bheda upalabdha hote haiN| ve nimna haiM : 1.gaveSaNA - khoja kI vidhi 2. grahaNeSaNA - grahaNa karane kI vidhi; aura 3.paribhogaiSaNA - AhAra yA bhojana kA upayoga karane kI vidhi / ye tInoM bheda muni ke AhAra, upadhi aura zayyA ke batAye gae haiN| munijIvana ke antargata AhAravizuddhi hetu atyanta satarkatA rakhanI caahiye| usake nimna do kAraNa haiM : 1. muni kA jIvana samAja para bhAra na ho; aura 2. muni ke nimitta se hiMsA na ho| __ jaise bhramara phUla ko binA pIr3A pahu~cAe parAga grahaNa karatA hai, vaise hI muni ko madhukarIvRtti se yA gAya kI taraha ghUma-ghUma kara dAtA ko binA kaSTa pahu~cAe thor3A-thor3A AhAra grahaNa karanA caahiye| isa eSaNAsamiti kA vizeSarUpa se sambandha muni-jIvana kI AhAracaryA meM parilakSita hotA hai| 4. AdAnabhaNDa-nikSepaNasamiti muni pratyeka kArya sAvadhAnI pUrvaka karatA hai| kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA na ho, isa hetu vaha pratyeka kriyA pratilekhana evaM pramArjanapUrvaka karatA hai| ise hI AdAnabhaNDa-nikSepaNasamiti kahate haiN| AdAna zabda kA artha hai - saMyama ke upakaraNa, jJAnopakaraNa Adi ko uThAnA yA lenA tathA nikSepa kA artha hai rkhnaa| yaha kArya sajagatApUrvaka karanA caahiye| vastu ko sarvaprathama upayogapUrvaka dekhakara aura pramArjita karake upayoga meM lenA caahiye| 166 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 24/14 / Page #327 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 278 5. uccAra- prasravaNa- pAriSThApanikA samiti AhAra ke sAtha nihAra kA sambandha anivArya rUpa se jur3A huA hai| muni ko jIva-jantu rahita bhUmi kA pratilekhana evaM pramArjana kara mala-mUtra, kapha, apathyAhAra, anupayogI upadhi, A~kha, kAna, nAka tathA keza kA utsarga karanA cAhiye / ise uccAra - prasravaNa samiti kahate haiM / tIna guptiyA~ gupti zabda gopana se banA hai jisakA artha khIMca kara lenA hotA hai / indriyoM ko unake viSayoM se khIMca lenA gupti hai| ye guptiyA~ AtmA kI azubha se rakSA karatI haiN| ve nimna haiM: 1. manogupti uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI apekSA se saMrambha, samArambha aura Arambha me pravRtta hone se mana ko rokanA manogupti hai / dUsare zabdoM meM azubha bhAvoM se mana ko nivRtta karanA yA AtmaguNoM kI surakSA karanA manogupti hai / yaha manogupti cAra prakAra kI hai / 200 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 201 2. vacanagupti asatya, ahitakArI, karkaza evaM hiMsAkArI bhASA se nivRtta honA athavA mauna dhAraNa karanA vacanagupti hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI apekSA se saMrambha, samArambha, aura Arambha meM pravartamAna vacana kA prayoga nahIM karanA vacanagupti hai / 202 niyamasAra meM batAyA gayA hai ki 202 1. satyamanogupti; 3. satyAsatyamanogupti; aura (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra 24 /21; (kha) mUlAdhAra 6 / 1187 / 'saccA taheva mosA ya, saccA mosA taheva ya / 2. asatyamanogupti; 4. asatya - amRSAmanogupti / 201 cautthI asaccamosA, maNaguttI cauvihA / / 20 / / ' -uttarAdhyayanasUtra adhyayana 24 / uttarAdhyayanasUtra 24 / 24 evaM 25 / Page #328 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 276 strIkathA, rAjakathA, corakathA, bhojanakathA Adi vacana kI azubha pravRtti yA azubha vacana kA nirodha karanA vacanagupti hai|03 isake nimna 4 prakAra haiN| 1. satya vacanayoga; 2. asatya vacanayoga; 3. mizra vacanayoga; aura 4. vyavahAra vcnyog|04 3. kAyagupti uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra baiThane, uThane, sone evaM pA~coM indriyoM kI pravRttiyoM meM zArIrika kriyAoM se nivRtta honA kAyagupti hai|05 niyamasAra ke anusAra se bandhana, chedana, mAraNa, AkuMcana aura prasAraNAdi zarIra kI kriyAoM se nivRtta honA kAyagupti hai|06 uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra saMrambha, samArambha aura Arambhayukta kAyika pravRttiyoM kA nirodha kAyagupti hai| 4. dasa munidharma isake atirikta sarvavirata muni ko kSamAdi nimna dasa munidharmoM kA pAlana karanA cAhiye : 1. kSamA; 2. mArdava; 3. Arjava; 4. tyAga 5. tapa; 6. saMyama; 7. satya; 8. zauca; 6. akiMcana; aura 10. brhmcry| 5. bAIsa pariSaha sAtha hI anukUla yA pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM nimna 22 pariSahoM ko sahana karanA cAhiye : 1.kSudhApariSaha; 2.pIpAsApariSaha; 3.zItapariSaha; 4.uSNapariSaha; 5.daMzamazakapariSaha; 6.acelapariSaha; 7.aratipariSaha; 8.strIpariSaha; 6.caryApariSaha; 10.niSadyApariSaha; 11.zayyApariSaha; 12.AkrozapariSaha; 13.vadhapariSaha; 14.yAcanApariSaha; 15.alAbhapariSaha; 16.rogapariSaha; 203 niyamasAra 67 / 204 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 24/22 evaM 23 / 205 vahI 24/24 evaM 25 / 206 niyamasAra 68 / Page #329 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 280 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 17.tRNasparzapariSaha; 18.malapariSaha; 16.satkAra-puraskAra pariSaha; 20.prajJApariSaha; 21.ajJAnapariSaha aura 22. adrshnprissh| ina 22 pariSahoM ko sahana karanA muni kA kartavya hai| isa prakAra muni sabhI pApa pravRttiyoM se pUrNataH virakta rahatA hai aura anukUla aura pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM samabhAva meM sthita rahatA hai| 6. pA~ca cAritra uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM cAritra ke pA~ca prakAra nimna rUpa se upalabdha hote haiM : 1. sAmAyikacAritra; 2. chedopasthApanIyacAritra; 3. parihAravizuddhicAritra; 4. sUkSmasamparAyacAritra; aura 5. ythaakhyaatcaaritr|07| tattvArthasUtra meM bhI ye hI cAritra pA~ca ke prakAra upalabdha hote haiM 208 1. sAmAyikacAritra : uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI TIkAoM meM rAga-dveSa se rahita citta kI avasthA evaM sabhI sAvadya/pApamaya vyApAroM kA abhAva ho, aisA AcaraNa sAmAyikacAritra mAnA gayA hai|06 tattvArthasUtra kA vivecana karate hue paNDita sukhalAlajI ne samabhAva meM sthita pravRttiyoM ko sAmAyikacAritra kahA hai| isake nimna bheda haiM : 1. itvarakAlika; aura 2. yaavtkaalik| 2. chedopasthApanIyacAritra : uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke TIkAkAra zAntyAcArya ke anusAra se jisa cAritra meM pUrva paryAya kA cheda karake mahAvrata pradAna kiye jAte haiM, use chedosthApanIyacAritra kahA jAtA hai| isake nimna bheda haiM : 1. niraticAra chedosthApanIyacAritra; aura 2. sAticAra chedosthaapniiycaaritr|210 207 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 28/32 evaM 33 / 208 tattvArthasUtra 6/18 / 206 (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra TIkApatra 2817 (zAntyAcArya); (kha) vahI 2822 (kamalasaMyama upAdhyAya) / 210 tattvArthasUtra pR. 352 (paNDita sukhalAlajI) / Page #330 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra - 281 3. parihAravizaddhicAritra : parihAra arthAta alaga honA - gaNa yA saMgha se| eka viziSTa prakAra ke dvArA AtmA ko vizeSa zuddha karane kI prakriyA (sAdhanA) ko parihAravizuddhicAritra kahate haiN| isa parihAravizuddhicAritra meM zramaNasaMghIya jIvana kA parihAra karake utkRSTa zramaNoM ke sAtha rahakara tapa sAdhanA karatA hai| 4. sUkSmasamparAyacAritra : sUkSma + samparAya = sUkSma arthAt kaSAyoM kA sUkSmIkaraNa aura samparAya arthAt kaSAya kahA hai| isa cAritra meM kaSAyoM kA sUkSmIkaraNa hotA hai| jisa cAritra meM mAtra sUkSmalobha aura saMjvalana kaSAya raha jAte haiM - zeSa sabhI kaSAya kSINa ho jAte haiM, vaha sUkSmasamparAyacAritra hai|" yaha cAritra dazama guNasthAnavartI zramaNa kA hotA hai| 5. yathAkhyAtacAritra : yaha cAritra kI antima evaM ucca avasthA hai| yathAkhyAta arthAt jinezvara prabhu dvArA nirUpita akhyAta ke anusAra vizuddha cAritra kA paaln| yahI yathAkhyAtacAritra hai| isameM kaSAya upazAnta yA kSINa hote haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra isameM vedanIya Adi cAroM ghAtikarmoM kA bhI kSaya ho jAtA hai| tatpazcAt AtmA siddha, buddha aura mukta avasthA ko prApta karatI hai| 7. SaDA vazyaka jainadarzana meM Avazyaka ko sAdhanA kA aMga mAnA gayA hai| jaina dRSTikoNa se jIvana meM doSoM kI zuddhi evaM sadguNoM kI abhivRddhi hetu inakI aparihArya anivAryatA hai| Avazyaka Atmavizuddhi ke lie nitya karane yogya dhArmika anuSThAna hai| anuyogadvAra meM kahA gayA hai ki Avazyaka kI sAdhanA zramaNa aura zrAvakoM ke lie Avazyaka hai| dina aura rAtri ke ___anta meM avazya karane yogya sAdhanA ko Avazyaka kahA jAtA hai|22 ve nimna haiM : 211 uttarAdhyayanasUtra TIkApatra 568 (zAntyAcArya) / uttarAdhyayanasUtra 26/62 / 203 Avazyakaniyukti TIkA (uddhRta uttarAdhyayanasUtra pR. 436) / -madhukaramuni / Page #331 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 282 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 1. sAmAyika; 4. pratikramaNa; 2. caturviMzatistava; 5. kAyotsarga; aura 3. vandana; 6. pratyAkhyAna / 8. samAcArI sAmudAyika jIvana kA vyavasthita rUpa se nirvAha karanA bahuta bar3I kalA hai| muniyoM ko sAmudAyika jIvana kaise jInA hai, isake lie eka samAcArI arthAt AcAra vyavasthA banAI gaI hai| samAcArI zabda kA artha karate hue uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI TIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki sAdhu jIvana kI kartavyatA arthAt saMghIya jIvana evaM vyAvahArika sAdhanA kI AcAra-saMhitA samAcArI hai| oghaniyukti TIkA meM samyak AcaraNa ko samAcArI kahA hai| ataH ziSTajanoM ke dvArA Acarita kriyA-kalApa samAcArI hai|16 digambara sAhitya meM samAcArI ke sthAna para samAcAra zabda upalabdha hotA hai|27 mUlAcAra meM isake cAra artha nimna haiM : 1. samatA kA AcAra; 2. samyak AcAra; 3. sama AcAra; aura 4. samAnatA kA AcAra / 218 dazavidha samAcArI uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke 26veM adhyAya evaM anya granthoM meM bhI muni-AcAra ke sandarbha meM dazavidha samAcArI ke nAma nimnAnusAra haiM :216 214 uttarAdhyayanasUtra : dArzanika anuzIlana evaM vartamAna paripekSya meM usakA mahattva' pR. 410-12 / -sAdhvI DaoN. vinItaprajJAzrI / uttarAdhyayanasUtra TIkA pna 534 / oghaniyukti TIkA (uddhRta uttarAdhyayanasUtra pR. 436 - madhukaramuni) / anuyogadvArasUtra 28/6 / mUlAcAra 4/2 / (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra 26/2 evaM 4 se 11; (kha)paMcASaprakaraNa 12 evaM 18 pR. 212; (ga) dazavaikAlikasUtra 6/2 evaM 22; aura (gha) Avazyakaniyukti 677 / Page #332 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 283 1. AvazyakI; 2. naiSedhikI; 3. ApRcchanA; 4. pratipRcchanA; 5. chaMdanA; 6. icchAkAra; 7. mithyAkAra; 8. tathAkAra; 6. abhyutthAna; aura 10. upsmpdaa| 6. dinacaryA __ uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai - "kAle kAlaM samAcare" arthAt sarva kArya samaya para karanA caahiye| muni-jIvana kI dinacaryA evaM rAtricaryA kA bhI nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai|220 yaha dinacaryA isa prakAra upalabdha hotI hai| 1. dina ke prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya; 2. dvitIya prahara meM dhyAna; 3. tRtIya meM bhikSAcaryA; aura 4. caturtha meM svaadhyaay| 10. pratilekhana uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM municaryA ke sambandha meM pratilekhana evaM AhAracaryA kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| yaha muni-jIvana kA anivArya aMga hai| dravya se muni ke upakaraNa, vastra, pAtra aura rajoharaNa Adi; kSetra se upAzraya, svAdhyAyabhUmi, pratisthApanabhUmi aura vihArabhUmi Adi; kAla se svAdhyAya kAla aura dhyAna kAla Adi aura bhAva se mana meM Ane vAle zubhAzubha bhAvoM kI prekSA karanA hotA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra pratilekhana ke nimna doSa haiM : 1. ArabhaTA; 2. sammardA; 3. mosalI; 4. prasphoTanA; 5. vikSiptA; 6. vedikA; 7. prazithila; 8. pralamba; 6. lola; 10. ekamarzA; 11. aneka rUpa; 12. pramANa pramAda; aura 13. gaNanopagaNanA 220 221 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 1/31 / ' uttarAdhyayanasUtra 26/27 / Page #333 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 284 11. bhikSAcArI muni kI bhikSAcArI ke sambandha meM uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai : use gaveSaNA, grahaNeSaNA tathA paribhogeSaNA kA pAlana karanA caahiye| isameM gaveSaNA ke antargata udgama ke 16 aura utpAdana ke 16 tathA graheSaNA ke antargata eSaNA ke 10 aura paribhogeSaNA ke 5 doSa hote haiN| ye mUla 47 doSa nimna haiM : 222 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA udgama ke doSa 1. AdhAkarma; 2. auddezika; 3. pUtikarma; sthApanAkarma; 6. prAbhRta; 7. prAduSkaNa; 8. krIta; parAvarta; 11. abhihRta; 12. udbhinna; 13. mAlApahRta; 14. Acchedya; 15. anisRSTa; aura 16. adhvapUraka / 4. mizrajAta; 5. 6. prAmilA; 10. utpAdana ke doSa : 1. dhAtrI; 2. dUtI; 3. nimitta; 4. AjIvikA; 5. vanIpaka; 6. cikitsA; 7. krodhapiNDa; 8. mAnapiNDa; 6. mAyApiNDa; 10. lobhapiNDa; 11. saMstava; 12. vidyA; 13. mantra; 14. cUrNa; 15. yogapiNDa; aura 16. mUladoSa / 1. zaMkita; 2. bhramita; 6. dAyaka; 7. unmiSa; 222 eSaNA ke doSa 3. nikSipta; 4. pihita; 5. 8. aparigata; 6. lipta; aura 10 paribhogeSaNA ke doSa 1. saMyojanA; 2. apramANa; 3. aMgAra; 4. dhUma; aura 5. akAraNa / 12. sacela - acela digambara paramparAnusAra acela (nirvastra) hI munipada kA adhikArI hai| zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra acela aura sacela donoM hI munipada evaM mokSa ke adhikArI haiM / yApanIya paramparAnusAra muni kI acelatA zreSTha mArga hai sacelatA apavAda mArga hai, mUlamArga vahI TIkA patra 726- 34 (lakSmIvallabhagaNi) / saMhyata; chardita / -- Page #334 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ antarAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 285 nhiiN| isa samasyA ke sAtha jainadharma meM caityavAsa aura banavAsa kI paramparAe~ bhI haiN| caityavAsa kI paramparA paravartIkAla meM vikasita huiiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM muni ke Thaharane kA sthAna, jise upAzraya yA vasati kahate haiM, usakA varNana isa prakAra milatA hai : 1. upAzraya susajjita na ho; 2. upAzraya ekAnta evaM zAnta ho; 3. upAzraya parakRta ho; 4. muni ke lie pariSkRta na ho; 5. jIvAdi se rahita ho; 6. brahmacarya ke pAlana meM sahAyaka ho| 4.3.4 utkRSTa-madhyama antarAtmA isa varga ke antargata ve AtmAe~ AtI haiM jo apanI vikAsa yAtrA ko gatizIla rakhane ke lie zreNI ArohaNa karatI haiN| jainadarzana ke anusAra sAdhaka yaha AdhyAtmika vikAsa yAtrA do mArgoM se karatA hai : 1. upazama zreNI; aura 2. kSapaka shrennii| jo sAdhaka vAsanAoM aura kaSAyoM ko upazamita karate hue apanI vikAsayAtrA karatA hai, vaha AThaveM apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna se prArambha karate hue anta meM 11veM upazAntamoha guNasthAna taka apanA AdhyAtmika vikAsa karatA hai| kintu damita vAsanAe~ aura kaSAya punaH abhivyakta hokara use sAdhanA kI isa uccatama avasthA se girA dete haiM; para jo sAdhaka kSAyikazreNI se apanI yAtrA prArambha karatA hai, vaha vAsanAoM aura kaSAyoM kA unmUlana karatA huA anta meM 12veM kSINamoha guNasthAna ko prApta kara letA hai| isa prakAra vaha utkRSTa antarAtmA ke pada ko prApta karatA hai| jahA~ taka madhyama-utkRSTa AtmAoM kA prazna hai, unameM upazama zreNI se ArohaNa karane vAlI AtmAoM meM ve apUrvakaraNa Page #335 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 286 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA guNasthAna se lekara 11veM upazAntamoha guNasthAnavartI AtmAe~ AtI haiN| jo AtmAe~ kSAyika zreNI se ArohaNa karatI haiM, unameM veM apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna se lekara 12veM kSINamoha guNasthAna taka kI AtmAe~ hotI haiN| inheM utkRSTa-madhyama antarAtmA isalie kahA jAtA hai kyoMki unameM kisI na kisI rUpa meM saMjvalana kaSAya kI sattA banI rahatI hai| utkRSTa antarAtmA vaha hotI hai jisameM vAsanAoM aura kaSAyoM kA pUrNataH abhAva hotA hai| isIlie kSINamoha guNasthAnavartI AtmAoM ko utkRSTa antarAtmA kahA jAtA hai| vaha zIghra hI paramAtma avasthA ko prApta kara letI hai| / / caturtha adhyAya samApta / / Page #336 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ siddha bhagavAna paramAtmA Arahata bhagavAna For Private & Personal use only awww.jaimelibrary.org Page #337 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Page #338 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ adhyAya 5 paramAtmA kA svarUpa, lakSaNa aura prakAra 5.1 paramAtmA kA sAmAnya svarUpa trividha AtmA kI isa avadhAraNA meM antima AtmA ko paramAtmA kahA gayA hai| sAmAnyataH yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki jaina dharma anIzvaravAdI hai| kintu yaha kathana usI sImA taka satya ho sakatA hai jahA~ taka Izvara ko sRSTikartA, usakA niyAmaka aura saMcAlaka mAnA jAtA hai| jainadarzana kA virodha Izvara ke sRSTi-kartRtva kI avadhAraNA se hai| usake anusAra AtmA apane zuddha svarUpa meM paramAtmA bhI hai| usakA udghoSa hai ki 'appA so parama appA' arthAt AtmA hI paramAtmA hai| vaha yaha bhI mAnakara calatA hai ki pratyeka AtmA bIja rUpa meM paramAtmA hai| taka AtmA karmamala se yukta hai aura saMsAra meM rahI huI hai taba taka vaha azuddha AtmA hai| kintu jaise hI vaha apane karmAvaraNa kA kSaya karatI hai, paramAtmasvarUpa ko upalabdha ho jAtI hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra pratyeka AtmA anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIrya se yukta hai kintu usakI ye zaktiyA~ karmAvaraNa ke kAraNa kuNThita haiN| AtmA apane prayatna aura puruSArthapUrvaka jaba isa karmAvaraNa ko dUra kara detI hai aura usameM anantacatuSTaya kA prakaTana ho jAtA hai taba use paramAtmA kahA jAtA hai| anantacatuSTaya ko AvRtta karane vAle jo jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya karma haiM, unake kSaya hone para AtmA arhat, vItarAga aura sarvajJa pada ko prApta karatI hai| isake pazcAt jaba AtmA nAma, gotra, AyuSya aura vedanIya karmoM kA kSaya kara detI hai to vaha siddhapada ko prApta kara letI hai| isa prakAra Page #339 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 288 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA jainadarzana meM paramAtmA ke do prakAra mAne gaye haiN|' 1. arhat aura 2. siddh| 5.1.1 arhat paramAtmA jisa AtmA ne jJAnAvaraNAdi cAroM ghAtIkarmoM ko kSaya kara diyA hai aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa jisameM anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha, anantavIrya - aise ananta-catuSTaya kA prakaTana ho gayA hai, use arhat paramAtmA kahA gayA hai| arhat paramAtmA vItarAga, sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI hote haiN| unheM anya paramparA kI zabdAvalI meM hama jIvanamukta bhI kaha sakate haiM; kyoMki jisakI janma maraNa kI paramparA samApta ho gayI vaha carama zarIrI hotA hai| vaha isa zarIra ke pazcAta anya zarIra ko dhAraNa nahIM krtaa| yaha usakA antima zarIra hotA hai| dehapAta hone para ve siddhAvasthA ko prApta kara lete haiN| arhat paramAtmA saMsAra meM hokara bhI ve usase alipta hote hai aura sAmAnya rUpa se sadaiva hI apane svasvarUpa meM nimagna rahate haiN| arhat paramAtmA ko kevalI bhI kahA jAtA hai, kevalI zabda ke do artha haiM : 1. jo kevala apanI AtmA meM hI ramaNa karate haiM ve kevalI kahe jAte haiM kyoMki unakI abhiruci bAhya jagat meM nahIM hotI aura 2. kevalajJAna kA dhAraka hone se unheM kevalI kahA jAtA hai; kyoMki kevalajJAna akelA aura asahAya hotA hai unheM anya kisI jJAna kI apekSA nahIM hotI hai| 5.1.2 sAmAnya kevalI aura tIrthaMkara jaina paramparA meM arhat paramAtmA ke do prakAra mAne gaye haiM : 1. sAmAnya kevalI aura 2. tIrthaMkara / sAmAnya kevalI aura tIrthaMkara meM ananta-catuSTaya ke prakaTana kI apekSA se koI antara nahIM hotaa| donoM hI anantajJAna, anantadarzana anantasukha aura anantavIrya ke svAmI hote haiN| isa dR STi se donoM meM samAnatA rahI huI hai| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki jaina 'DaoN. sAgaramala jaina se vyaktigata carcA ke AdhAra para / Page #340 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 286 paramparA meM prAcIna kAla meM sAmAnya kevalI aura tIrthaMkara donoM ko hI arhat-pada kA dhAraka mAnA jAtA hai kintu tIrthakara meM itanA vizeSa hotA hai ki vaha caturvidha tIrtha kI sthApanA karatA hai aura dharmamArga kA punaH pravartana karatA hai| tIrtha zabda sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka, zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha saMgha kA vAcaka hai| jo caturvidhasaMgha kI sthApanA karatA hai, vaha tIrthaMkara kahA jAtA hai| tIrthaMkara zabda kA ullekha sthAnAMgasUtra, samavAyAMga, bhagavatIsUtra, jJAtAdharmakathA, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAkasUtra meM upalabdha hotA hai, kintu kAlakrama kI dRSTi se ye sabhI Agama paravartI mAne gaye haiN| prAcIna stara ke AgamoM meM AcArAMgasUtra, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayanasUtra, dazavaikAlikasUtra aura RSibhASita Ate haiM kintu ina Agama granthoM meM kevala uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM hI tIrthaMkara zabda prApta hotA hai| AcArAMgasUtra Adi granthoM meM arhat zabda kA prayoga hI adhika huA hai| AcArAMgasUtra ke prathama zruta-skandha meM bhUtakAla aura bhaviSyakAla ke arhatoM kI avadhAraNA milatI hai| tIrtha zabda kA sAmAnya artha yaha hai ki nadI Adi kA vaha ghATa jahA~ se use suvidhApUrvaka pAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa apekSA se tIrthaMkara unheM kahA jAtA hai jo saMsAra ke prANiyoM ko saMsAra samudra se pAra hone kA mArga batAte haiN| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM tIrtha kI vyAkhyA karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki jisake dvArA pAra huA jAtA hai, usako tIrtha kahate haiN| isa AdhAra para jina-pravacana tathA jJAna aura cAritra se sampanna saMgha ko bhI tIrtha kahA gayA hai| tIrtha ke cAra prakAra kiye gaye haiM : 1. nAma tIrtha; 2. sthApanA tIrtha 3. dravya tIrtha; aura 4. bhAvatIrtha / tIrtha nAma se sambodhita kiye jAnevAle sthAnAdi nAma tIrtha kahe jAte haiN| jina sthAnoM para bhavya AtmAoM kA janma, mukti Adi hotI hai aura unakI smRti meM mandira, pratimA Adi sthApita kiye jAte haiM, ve sthApanA tIrtha kahalAte haiN| jala meM DUbate hue vyakti ko (ka) 'tithyaM puNa cAuvaNNe samaNasaMdhe samaNA, samaNIo, sAvayASsAviyAo / / 74 / / ' -bhagavatIsUtra zataka 20/8 / (kha) yogabindu 287-288 / AcArAMgasUtra 1/4/1/1 / Page #341 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 260 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA pAra karane vAle dravya tIrtha kahalAte haiN| jinake dvArA krodhAdi vikAra dUra hote hoM, vaha nirgrantha pravacana bhAvatIrtha kahA jAtA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke dvArA sthApita caturvidha saMgha bhI saMsAra samudra se pAra karAne vAlA hone se bhAvatIrtha kahA jAtA hai| bhAva-tIrtha ke saMsthApaka hI tIrthaMkara kahe jAte haiN| tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA upArjana kara AtmA tIrthaMkara banane kI yogyatA prApta kara letI hai| jisa bhava meM tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA upArjana karatA hai usake tRtIya bhava meM vaha niyamataH tIrthaMkara banatA haiN| jaina paramparA meM sAmAnya kevalI kI apekSA tIrthaMkara kI kucha vizeSatAe~ mAnI gayI haiM, jinheM paramparA meM atizaya ke nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai| tIrthaMkara ke cyavana, janma, dIkSA, kevalya aura nirvANa aise pA~ca kalyANakoM meM indra evaM deva upasthita rahate hai| isake atirikta ve 34 atizayoM aura 35 vacanAtizayoM se yukta hote haiN| isa prakAra sAmAnya kevalI kI apekSA se tIrthaMkaroM meM kucha vizeSatAe~ hotI haiN| jinakI vistRta carcA hama Age kreNge| yahA~ to hamane kevala sAmAnya kevalI aura tIrthaMkaroM ke antara ko spaSTa karane kI dRSTi se saMketa mAtra kiyA hai| 5.1.3 sayogI kevalI aura ayogI kevalI ___arhat paramAtmA ke eka anya apekSA se nimna do prakAra batAye jAte hai : sayogI kevalI aura ayogI kevlii| jainadarzana meM yoga zabda mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRttiyoM kA vAcaka hai| jaba taka mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRttiyA~ hotI haiM taba taka arhat yA kevalI ko sayogI kahA jAtA hai| cUMki arhat paramAtmA 4 (ka) 'tIrthaMkara, buddha aura avatAraH eka adhyayana' dekhiye pR. 27 evaM 28 |-ddoN. ramezacandra / (kha) 'titthaMti puvvabhaNiyaM saMgho jo naanncrnnsNghaao| iha pavayaNaM pi titthaM, tatto'NatyaMtaraM jeNa / / 1380 // ' -vizeSAvazyakabhASya / imehiya NaM bIsAe NaM kAraNehiM Aseviya-bahulIkaehiM titthayaranAmagoyaM kamma NivvattiMsu, taM jahA / / 6 / / ' - -jJAtA dharmakathA 6/8/18 / 6 (ka) dhavalA 8/3, 38/75/1 / (kha) 'tIrthaMkara, buddha aura avatAraH eka adhyayana' dekhiye pR. 30 se 31 / -DaoN. ramezacandra / jainendrasiddhAnta koza, bhAga 1 pR. 140 bhAga 2 pR. 157 / Page #342 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aura prakAra zarIradhArI hote haiM aura unameM mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRttiyA~ hotI haiM / yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki sayogI kevalI meM jo vAcika aura mAnasika pravRttiyA~ hotI haiM ve icchA yA saMkalpajanya nahIM hotIM; kintu vivekajanya hotI haiM / lokamaMgala ke liye tIrthaMkara meM upadezAdi pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai / kintu yaha unakI sahaja pravRtti hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki digambara paramparA yaha mAnatI hai ki bhagavAna kI vANI khiratI hai / isI prakAra sayogI kevalI meM koI icchA yA saMkalpa - vikalpa nahIM hote| unameM saMkalpa-vikalpa rUpa mana kA abhAva hotA hai, kintu vivekarUpa mana kA sadbhAva hotA hai / jaba taka arhat paramAtmA meM uparokta kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika yoga kA pravartana hotA hai, taba taka ve sayogI kevalI kahe jAte haiM / kintu jaba AyuSya karma atyalpa raha jAtA hai taba ve apanI kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika pravRttiyoM kA nirodha karate haiM aura taba ve ayogI kevalI avasthA ko prApta hote haiN| isake nirodha kI prakriyA yaha hai ki sthUla kAyayoga kA nirodha kiyA jAtA hai isake pazcAt sthUla vacanayoga kA nirodha hotA hai| sthUla vacanayoga ke nirodha ke pazcAt sthUla manoyoga kA nirodha hotA hai phira sUkSma manoyoga kA nirodha hotA hai / sUkSma manoyoga ke nirodha ke pazcAt sUkSma kAyayoga kA nirodha hotA hai| sUkSma kAyayoga ke nirodha ke pazcAt arhat paramAtmA kI AtmA isa deha kA tyAga kara siddhAvasthA ko prApta kara letI hai aura lokAgra para virAjita ho jAtI hai| 1 paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, siddha paramAtmA ke karmAvaraNa pUrI taraha se samApta ho jAte haiM / ve deha ko tyAgakara dehAtIta ho jAte haiM / unakI AtmA saMsAra kI janma maraNa kI paramparA se mukta ho jAtI hai| ve azarIrI aura amUrta hote haiM tathA ananta catuSTaya rUpa svarUpa meM nimagna ho jAte haiM / 261 yahA~ hamane arhat aura siddha paramAtmA ke sAmAnya svarUpa kI carcA kI hai| tIrthaMkara aura siddhoM ke svarUpa para hama Age vicAra kreNge| kintu isake pUrva yaha jAna lenA Avazyaka hai ki vibhinna jainAcAryoM ne kAlakrama meM arhat aura siddhoM ke svarUpa kI carcA kisa taraha kI hai / Page #343 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 262 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 5.2 jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM paramAtmA kA svarUpa evaM bheda jainadarzana meM cAra ghAtI aura cAra aghAtI karmoM kA nAza karake, karmamala se rahita evaM rAga-dveSa para vijaya prApta karane vAle sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, caitanyavyApI AtmA ko paramAtmA kahA gayA hai| paramAtmA ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM : arhat aura siddh| arhat paramAtmA sazarIrI haiM aura siddha paramAtmA niraMjana, nirAkAra haiN| kundakundAcArya aura svAmI kArtikeya ne samasta karmoM se rahita zuddhAtmA ko paramAtmA kahA hai| samAdhitantra aura paramAtmaprakAza Adi meM bhI paramAtmA ke svarUpa kI carcA hai| zubhacandrAcArya ne kahA bhI hai ki (1) karmAvaraNa rahita; (2) zarIra vihIna; (3) rAgAdi vikAroM se rahita, niSpanna kRtyakRtya, avinAzI sukhasvarUpa tathA nirvikalpa zuddha AtmA ko paramAtmA kahA gayA hai| kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM svAmI kArtikeya ne paramAtmA ke do bheda svIkAra kiye haiM: arhat ora siddh| nayacakra meM bhI isI prakAra se do bheda kiye gaye haiM : (1) sakala paramAtmA; aura (2) vikala paramAtmA / bRhadnayacakradeg evaM niyamasAra" kI tAtparyavRtti meM bhI paramAtmA ke do bheda kiye gaye hai : (1) kAraNa paramAtmA; aura (2) kArya paramAtmA / arhat paramAtmA hI kAraNa paramAtmA haiM tathA siddha parameSThi kArya paramAtmA haiN| isa prakAra vibhinna jainAcAryoM ne apanI-apanI dRSTi se paramAtmA ke svarUpa evaM prakAroM kI carcA kI hai| Age hama kramazaH isa para vicAra kreNge| mokSapAhuDa gA. 5, 6 evaM 12 / kArtikeyAnuprekSA gA. 162 / 10 nayacakra gA. 340 / " niyamasAra tAtparyavRti gA. 6 kI vRtti / Page #344 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 263 5.2.1 AcArya kundakunda kI dRSTi meM paramAtmA kA svarUpa (ka) mokSapAhuDa ke anusAra paramAtmA AcArya kundakundadeva ne niyamasAra ke atirikta mokSapAhuDa meM bhI paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki paramAtmA karmarUpI mala se rahita haiN| ve atIndriya aura azarIrI haiN| ve vizuddhAtmA kevalajJAna se yukta haiM aura unheM parameSTi, paramajina, zivazaMkara, zAzvat, zuddha Adi nAmoM se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| ve paramAtmA ATha duSTa karmoM se rahita haiM, anupama evaM jJAna vigraha rUpa arthAt jJAnasvarUpa haiN| zuddha jJAtA-draSTA Atmadravya ko hI jinendra bhagavAna ne svadravya kahA hai| jo paradravyoM se parAGmukha hokara arthAt bahirmukhI dRSTi kA parityAga karake isa zuddha Atmadravya arthAt paramAtmA kA dhyAna karate haiM, ve jinendradeva ke mArga kA anusaraNa karate hue nirvANa ko prApta hote haiM arthAt paramAtmasvarUpa ko prApta karate haiN| AcArya kundakunda ke zabdoM meM zuddha Atmatattva meM nimagna honA hI paramAtmA banane kA ekamAtra upAya hai| vastutaH jo apane zuddha Atmatattva meM nimagna rahatA hai vaha paramAtmA hI hai| unake anusAra jaise kasauTI meM kasa kara svarNa zuddha ho jAtA hai; vaise hI tapa Adi Atmazodhana sAmagrI se kAlalabdhi ke paripAka hone para yaha AtmA paramAtmasvarUpa ko prApta kara letI hai| isa prakAra yahA~ AcArya kundakundadeva yaha batAte haiM ki karmamala se vimukta AtmA hI paramAtmA hai| Age paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate huye mokSapAhuDa meM ve likhate haiM ki karmakalaMka se rahita -mokSapAhuDa / 12 'malarahio kalacatto aNiMdio kevalo visuddhappA / parameTThI paramajiNo sivaMkaro sAsao siddho / / 6 / / ' 13 'paramappa jhAyaMto joI muccei maladaloheNa / NAdiyadi NavaM kammaM NiddiDheM jiNavariMdehiM / / 48 / / ' 14 'visayakasAehi judo ruddo paramappabhAvarahiyamaNo / so Na lahai siddhisuhaM jiNamuddaparammuho jIvo / / 46 / / ' 'aisohaNajoeNaM suddhaM hemaM havei jaha taha ya / kAlAIladdhIe appA paramappao havadi / / 24 / / ' -vahI / -mokSapAhuDa / -vhii| Page #345 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 264 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA sarvajJa, sarvadarzI kevalajJAna se yukta zuddhAtmA hI paramAtmA hai| use siddha bhI kahA jAtA hai| AcArya kundakundadeva kahate haiM ki samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra aura samyakUtapa ye cAroM AtmA meM sthita haiN| isalie antarAtmA yaha mAnatI hai ki AtmA hI mere lie zaraNa hai| AcArya kundakundadeva ne Atmatattva ko anirvacanIya tattva kahA hai| (kha) niyamasAra ke anusAra paramAtmA ___ AcArya kundakunda ne mokSapAhuDa ke atirikta niyamasAra ke zuddhopayoga adhikAra meM paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyA hai| vizeSarUpa se yahA~ unhoMne paramAtmA ke viziSTa lakSaNa kevalajJAna ko lekara hI carcA kI hai| isa carcA meM sarvaprathama unhoMne prazna uThAyA hai ki kevalI bhagavAna kyA jAnate haiM aura kyA dekhate haiM? ve kahate haiM ki kevalI bhagavAna sarvadravyoM aura unakI sarvaparyAyoM ko jAnate aura dekhate haiM; yaha kevala vyavahAranaya kA kathana hai| vastutaH paramAtmA apanI AtmA ko hI jAnate aura dekhate haiN| AcArya kundakunda ke anusAra kevalajJAnI bhagavAna kA darzana -vhii| 16 'siddho suddho AdA savvaNhU savvaloyadarisI ya / so jiNavarehiM bhaNiyo jANa tumaM kevalaM NANaM / / 35 / / ' 17 (ka) 'rayaNattayaM pi joI ArAhai jo hu jiNavaramaeNa / so jhAyadi appANaM pariharai paraM Na jhadeho / / 36 / / ' _ 'rayaNattayamArAhaM jIvo ArAhao muNeyavyo / ArAhaNAvihANa tassa phalaM kevalaM gANaM / / 34 / / ' 'jaM jANai taM NANaM jaM picchai taM ca saNaM NeyaM / taM cArittaM bhaNiyaM parihAro puNNapAvANaM / / 37 / / 'taccaruI sammataM taccaggahaNaM ca havai saNNANaM / cArittaM parihAro parUviyaM jiNavariMdehiM / / 38 / / ' 'jo rayaNattayajutto kuNai tavaM saMjado sasattIe / so pAvai paramapayaM jhAyaMto appayaM suddhaM / / 43 / / ' (ca) jaM jANiUNa joI parihAraM kuNai puNNapAvANaM / taM cArittaM bhaNiyaM aviyappa kammarahiehiM / / 42 / / ' 18 'jANadi passadi savvaM vavahAraNaeNa kevalI bhagavaM / kevalaNANI jANadi passadi NiyameNa appANaM / / 156 / / ' -vahI / -niyamasAra 12 / Page #346 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 16 aura jJAna usI prakAra se yugapat hotA hai; jaise aura tApa yugapat hotA hai / yahA~ AcArya kevalI ke ke yugapat hone ke pakSa kA samarthana karate haiM / yadi hama yaha mAnate haiM ki jJAna 'para' kA prakAzaka hai, darzana 'sva' kA prakAzaka hai aura AtmA 'sva - para' prakAzaka hai; to usameM virodha AtA hai| jJAna ko 'para' kA prakAzaka mAnane para jJAna aura darzana bhinna-bhinna ho jAyeMge; kyoMki darzana 'para' kA prakAzaka nahIM hai / ataH vaha para-prakAzaka jJAna se bhinna hogA / punaH yadi AtmA ko para-prakAzaka mAneMge to darzana AtmA se hI bhinna hogA; kyoMki darzana para - prakAzaka nahIM hai / ataH kevalI bhagavAna kI AtmA tathA unakA jJAna aura darzana para prakAzaka hai; yaha mAtra vyavahAra naya kA vacana hai / nizcayanaya se to kevalI bhagavAna kA jJAna aura darzana sabhI Atma-prakAzaka hI hai / 16 .20 nizcaya se to kevalI bhagavAna AtmasvarUpa ke hI jJAtAdraSTA haiM na ki lokAloka ke vastutaH AtmA jJAnasvarUpa hai aura isalie AtmA apane ko hI jAnatI hai kyoMki yadi jJAna AtmA na jAne to vaha AtmA se bhinna hogA, kintu AtmA se bhinna jJAna aura darzana tathA jJAna aura darzana se bhinna AtmA sambhava nahIM hai / phira bhI kevalI kA jJAna vimarza yA vikalpapUrvaka nahIM hotA hai / na kevala unakA jJAna apitu unakI koI bhI kriyA icchApUrvaka nahIM hotI hai / jo kriyAeM icchApUrvaka hotI haiM, ve bandhana kA kAraNa hotI haiM; 20 'jugavaM vaTTai gANaM kevalaNANissa daMsaNaM ca tahA / diNayarayapayAsatAvaM jaha vaTTai taha muNeyavvaM / / 160 / / ' (ka) ' NANaM parappayAsaM diTThI appappayAsayA ceva / appA saparapayAso hodi tti hi maNNase jadi hi / / 161 / / ' ( kha ) ' gANaM parappayAsaM taiyA NANeNa daMsaNaM bhiNNaM / Na havadi paradavvagayaM daMsaNamidi vaNNidaM tamhA / / 162 / / ' ( sa ) 'appA parappayAso taiyA appeNa daMsaNaM bhiNNaM / Na havadi paradavvagayaM daMsaNamidi vaNNidaM tamhA / / 163 / ' ( ga ) ' NANaM parappayAsaM vavahAraNayeNa daMsaNaM tamhA / appA parappAso vavahAraNayeNa daMsaNaM tamhA / / 164 / / ' (gha) 'NANaM appapayAsaM NicchayaNayaeNa daMsaNaM tamhA / appA appapayAso NicchayaNayaeNa daMsaNaM tamhA / / 165 / / ' 265 sUrya kA prakAza jJAna aura darzana ve kahate haiM ki - niyamasAra / - niyamasAra 12 / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI | Page #347 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 266 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kyoMki icchA rAga kA pariNAma hai| kevalI bhagavAna samasta vikalpoM se rahita haiN| kevalI bhagavAna ke AyuSya ke kSaya hone para unakI samasta karma prakRtiyA~ kSaya ho jAtI haiM aura ve samaya mAtra meM hI lokAgra para sthita ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra AcArya kundakundadeva ne niyamasAra meM sarvaprathama sayogI kevalI (arhat paramAtmA) ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA hai| Age ve isI krama meM siddha paramAtmA kA varNana karate haiN|" siddha paramAtmA janma-jarA-mRtyu se rahita haiN| ve parama pAriNAmika bhAva dvArA apane sva-svabhAva meM ramaNa karane vAle hone ke kAraNa paramAtmA kahalAte haiN| ve aSTakarmoM se rahita haiN| siddhaparamAtmA akSaya, avinAzI, achedya aura jJAnAdi cAra svabhAvavAle haiN|22 yahA~ para AcArya kundakundadeva kahate haiM ki siddhaparamAtmA avyAbAdha, atIndriya evaM anupama haiN| ve puNya, pApa se evaM punarAgamana se rahita haiN|23 ve nitya haiM, acala haiM aura nirAlamba (anAlamba) haiN| ve Age kahate haiM ki siddhAlaya meM jahA~ siddha paramAtmA virAjamAna haiM vahA~ na duHkha hai, na sukh| na aindrika viSayajanya sukha hai, na pIr3A hai, na bAdhA hai| na maraNa hai aura na jnm|" vahA~ indriyoM ke upasarga nahIM haiM, moha nahIM hai, vismaya nahIM hai, nidrA nahIM hai| tRSNA nahIM hai aura kSudhA bhI nahIM hai| kyoMki ve zarIra, indriyoM evaM mana se rahita haiN| ataH tadjanya upasargoM kA siddhAvasthA meM abhAva hotA hai|6 21 'appasaruvaM pecchadi loyAloyaM Na kevalI bhagavaM / jai koi bhaNai evaM tassa ya kiM dUsaNaM hoi / / 166 / / ' -niyamasAra (zuddhopayogAdhikAra) / 'muttamamuttaM davvaM ceyaNamiyaraM sagaM ca sav ca / pecchaM tassa du NANaM paccakkhamaNiMdiyaM hoi / / 167 / / ' -vahI / 'jAijaramaraNarahiyaM paramaM kammaTThavajjiyaM suddhaM / ____NANAicausahAvaM akkhayamaviNAsamaccheyaM / / 177 / / ' - -vahI / 24 'avvAbAhamaNiMdiyamaNovamaM puNNapAvaNimmukkaM / puNarAgagamaNa virahiyaM NiccaM acalaM aNAlaMbaM / / 178 / / ' -niyamasAra (zuddhopayogAdhikAra) / 25 'Navi dukkhaM Navi sukhaM Navi pIr3A va vijjade bAhA / Navi maraNaM Navi jaNaNaM tattheva ya hoI NivvANaM / / 176 / / ' 26 'Navi indriya uvasaggA Navi mohovimhio Na NiddA ya / Na ya tiNhA Neva chuhA tattheva ya hoi NivvANaM / / 180 / / ' -vahI / -vahI / Page #348 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 267 punaH moha vismayAdi doSa saMsAriyoM meM hI hote haiM aura ve hI saMsAra ke kAraNabhUta haiN| Age punaH AcArya kundakundadeva likhate haiM ki siddhAvasthA meM karma aura nokarma (arthAt zarIra) nahIM hai| cintA bhI nahIM hai| Arta, raudra, dharma aura zukla dhyAna bhI nahIM hai| isa prakAra siddhAvasthA ke abhAvAtmaka svarUpa kA vivecana huA hai| Age siddha paramAtmA ke svAbhAvika guNoM yA vidheyAtmaka guNoM kA kathana karate hue ve kahate haiM ki siddha bhagavAna anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasaukhya aura anantavIrya ina ananta-catuSTayoM se yukta haiN| sAtha hI unake amUrttatva, astitva aura sapradezatva, agurulaghutva Adi svAbhAvikaguNa hote hai| Age ve batAte haiM ki jahA~ taka dharmAstikAya hai, vahA~ taka jIva aura pudgala gamana karate haiN| dharmAstikAya ke abhAva meM AtmA lokAnta se Age nahIM jA sakatI hai| ataH siddha paramAtmA svarUpa meM nimagna hokara lokAgra para sthita haiN|26 5.2.2 svAmI kArtikeya ke anusAra paramAtmA kA svarUpa : svAmI kArtikeya paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM ki jo kevalajJAna ke dvArA sakala padArthoM ko jAnate haiM, ve zarIra yukta arhat paramAtmA kahe jAte haiN|30 kintu jinhoMne zarIra kA bhI parityAga kara diyA hai; jJAna hI jinakA zarIra hai; aise -vhii| -vahI / 227 'Navi kammaM Nokam Navi cintA Neva aTTaruddANi / __Navi dhammasukkajhANe tattheva ya hoi NivvANaM / / 181 / / ' 28 'vijjadi kevalaNANaM kevalasokkhaM ca kevalaM viriyaM / __kevala diTThI amuttaM atthittaM sappadesattaM / / 182 / / ' 26 'jIvANa puggalANaM gamaNaM jANehi jAva dhmmtthii| dhammatthikAyabhAve tatto parado Na gacchanti / / 184 / / ' 30 (ka) 'jaM savvaM pi payAsadi davvapajjAyasaMjudaM loyaM / taha ya aloyaM savvaM, taM gANaM savapaccakkhaM / / 254 / / ' (kha) 'NANaM Na jAdi NeyaM Neya pi Na jAdi NANa desammi / NiyaNiyade saThiyANaM, vavahAro NANaNeyANaM / / 256 / / ' -vahI / -kArtikeyAnuprekSA / -vahI / Page #349 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA sarvottama sukha (Ananda) ko prApta azarIrI siddha paramAtmA haiM / " isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki svAmI kArtikeya sarvaprathama paramAtmA ke do bheda karate haiM32 : 1. arhat paramAtmA aura 2. siddha paramAtmA / unake anusAra arhat aura siddha meM mukhya antara zarIra kI upasthiti ko lekara hai / arhat paramAtmA zarIra se yukta hote haiM aura siddha paramAtmA azarIrI hote haiM / arhat aura siddha ke isa antara ko spaSTa karate hue punaH ve likhate haiM ki jinhoMne samasta karmoM kA nAza karake apane svabhAva ko prakaTa kara liyA hai, ve siddha paramAtmA haiM; kintu karmoM ke audayika Adi bhAva ko samApta karake arthAt ghAtIkarmoM ke nAza se anantacatuSka rUpa AtmasvarUpa ko prakaTa karane vAle arhat paramAtmA kahe jAte haiN| isa prakAra yahA~ svAmI kArtikeya ne arhat aura siddha kA antara karmoM ke kSaya ke AdhAra para bhI kiyA hai| jisake jJAnAvaraNayAdi cAra ghAtIkarma kSaya ho gaye haiM aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha, anantavIrya aise anantacatuSTaya kA prakaTana huA hai unheM arhat kahA jAtA hai aura jisake cAraghAtI aura cAra aghAtIkarma kSINa ho gaye haiM, ve siddha paramAtmA kahe jAte haiN| Age unhoMne zukladhyAna ke do caraNoM kI carcA karate hue arhat aura siddha ke antara ko spaSTa kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki moha kA sampUrNa rUpa se vilaya hone para kSINakaSAya nAmaka guNasthAna ke antimakAla meM sva-svarUpa meM lIna hote hue zukladhyAna ke dvitIya caraNa ke anta meM jo kevalajJAna svabhAva meM prakaTa hotA hai vaha arhat yA sayogI jina kI avasthA hai / yahA~ AcArya kArtikeya 268 31 'sa sarIrA arahaMtA, kevalaNANeNa muNiyasayalatyA / pANasarIrA siddhA, savyuttama sukkhasaMpattA / / 168 / / ' 32 'jIvA havaMti tivihiA, bahirappA taha ya antarappA ya / paramappA vi yaduvihA, arahaMtA taha ya siddhA ya / / 162 / / ' (ka) 'NissesakammaNAse, appasahAveNa jA samuppattI / kammabhAvakha vi ya, sA vi ya pattI parA hodi / / 166 / ' (kha) 'uttamaguNANa dhAmaM, savvadavvANa uttamaM davvaM / taccANa paramataccaM, jIvaM jANeha Nicchayado / 204 / / ' 33 - vahI / vahI / - kArtikeyAnuprekSA / -vahI / Page #350 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 266 arhat paramAtmA ke bhI do bheda karate haiM - sayogIkevalI aura ayogiikevlii| jaba arhata paramAtmA kAyayoga meM sthita rahate hue sUkSmakriyA nAmaka zukladhyAna ke tRtIya caraNa meM sthita rahate haiM, taba taka ve sayogI jina yA sayogIkevalI kahe jAte haiM, kintu jaba ve zukladhyAna ke kriyA-nivRtti nAmaka caturtha caraNa meM praveza karake samasta yogoM kA nirodha karane ke sAtha hI avaziSTa aghAtIkoM kI pravRttiyoM ko kSaya karate haiM, taba ve ayogI kevalI arhat paramAtmA kahe jAte haiN| jaba samasta karmoM ko kSINa karake zarIra kA bhI tyAga ho jAtA hai, taba siddha paramAtmA kI avasthA prApta hotI hai| isa prakAra svAmI kArtikeya ne arhat ke do bheda sayogI kevalI, ayogI kevalI tathA siddha paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA nirvacana kiyA hai| siddha paramAtmA ke liye ve kahate hai ki jinhoMne samasta karmoM ke puMja kA kSaya karake mukti-sukha ko prApta kiyA hai, ve siddha paramAtmA haiN|34 5.2.3 AcArya pUjyapAda ke anusAra paramAtmA kA svarUpa : AcArya pUjyapAda devanandI ne paramAtmA ke vibhinna guNavAcaka nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ve nimna haiM : "nirmala, kevala, zuddha, vivikta, prabhu, avyaya, parameSThI, . parAtmA, paramAtmA, Izvara, jina ityaadi|"25 - ve likhate haiM ki paramAtmA sarva indriyoM ke viSayoM meM pravartita cittavRtti ko rokakara bahirjalpa evaM antarjalpAdi saMkalpa-vikalpoM se rahita kahe gae haiN| paramAtma svarUpa AtmA meM hI vidyamAna hai| ve bAhya meM kahIM upalabdha nahIM hote| paramAtmA anantaAnanda, anantadarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIrya se yukta hote haiN| AtmA svayaM zaktirUpa meM paramAtmA hai| usI zaktirUpa paramatattva kI 34 Nissesamoha vilae, khINakasAe ya aMtime kAle / sasarUvammi NilINo, sukkaM jjhAedi eyattaM / / 483 / / 35 'nirmalaH kevalaH zuddho viviktaH prabhukhyayaH / parameSTI parAtmeti paramAtmezvaro jinaH / / 6 / / ' -vahI / -samAdhitantra / Page #351 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 300 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA AtmopAsanA se paramAtmA kA svarUpa prakaTa hotA hai|36 samAdhitantra meM AcArya pUjyapAd likhate haiM ki paramAtmA pUrNa AnandasvarUpa haiN| ve Anandakanda haiN| ve paramajyotasvarUpa haiN| paramAtmA ke ananta guNa haiN| isalie paramAtmA ke ananta nAma haiN| ve nimna haiM : "ajara, amara, akSaya, aroga, abhaya, avikAra, aja, akalaMka, azaMka, niraMjana, sarvajJa, paramajyoti, buddha, Anandakanda, zAstA, vidhAtA aadi| siddha aura arihanta ke bheda se paramAtmA ke do prakAra hote 5.2.4 yogIndudeva ke anusAra paramAtmA kA svarUpaH yaa| (ka) paramAtmaprakAza ke anusAra paramAtmA yogIndudeva ne paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue paramAtmA ko do prakAra kA batAyA hai : 1. siddha paramAtmA aura 2. arihanta prmaatmaa| yahA~ para yogIndudeva mukti ko prApta hue kevalajJAnAdi guNoM se yukta siddha paramAtmA kA varNana isa prakAra karate haiM : "jisane dehAdika samasta para-dravyoM kA parityAga kara arthAta karmarahita hokara kevalajJAna ko upalabdha kara liyA hai, use paramAtmA kahA jAtA hai|" yogIndudeva Age kahate haiM ki ve paramAtmA nitya, niraMjana, jJAnamaya, paramAnanda svabhAva aura zivasvarUpa haiN| dravyArthikanaya se ve avinAzI, rAgAdi upAdhi, karmamala se rahita evaM kevalajJAna se paripUrNa zuddhAtmA, vItarAga, paramAnanda se yukta, zAnta aura 36 (ka) samAdhitantra zloka 7 / (kha) 'yadantarjalpasaMpRktamutprekSA jAlamAtmanaH / mUlaM duHkhasya tannAze ziSTamiSTaM paraM padam / / 85 / / ' 37 samAdhitantra pravacana pR. 64-67 / -samAdhitantra / -paM. ratanacanda bharilla / Page #352 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra zuddha zivasvarUpa haiN| unheM zuddha - buddha svabhAva vAlA kahA gayA hai| dravyArthikanaya se saMsAra avasthA meM rahate hue sabhI jIva zaktirUpa se paramAtmA haiM / abhI ve usa paramAtmasvarUpa ko prakaTa nahIM kara pAye haiM / anya granthoM meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki paramakalyANarUpa, zivasvarUpa aura nirvANarUpa muktipada ko jisane pA liyA hai, vahI ziva hai / yogIndudeva ke anusAra aisI zuddhAtmA hI zAnta hai, ziva hai aura dhyeya hai| paramAtmaprakAza kI 16, 20 evaM 21vIM gAthA meM yogIndudeva dvArA siddha paramAtmA ke niraMjana rUpa kI vistRta carcA kI hai / ve paramAtmA zveta Adi pA~ca prakAra ke varNoM, do prakAra kI gandha tathA madhura Adi pAMca prakAra ke rasoM se rahita haiM / ve zabda rUpa bhI nahIM hai arthAt zabda ke dvArA bhI grAhya nahIM haiM / ve sapta svara, zIta Adi ATha sparza tathA janma, jarA, mRtyu Adi se pare haiN| una cidAnanda siddha paramAtmA meM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi kaSAyoM kA abhAva hai| ve moha aura mamatA se rahita hai| unameM puNya-pApa, harSa-viSAda evaM kSudhAdi doSoM kA abhAva hai| vahA~ na dhyeya sthAna hai aura na dhyAna hai / isa prakAra yogIndudeva ne nirmala jJAna - darzana svabhAva vAle niraMjana siddha paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA kathana kiyA hai / paramAtmaprakAza meM siddha paramAtmA meM yantra, mantra, maNDala, mudrA Adi ke vyavahAra kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| yogIndudeva ne agrima gAthAoM meM paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai : "vaha paramAtmA vedAdizAstragamya evaM indriyagamya nahIM kevala parama 38 (ka) 'Niccu NiraMjaNu NANamau paramANaMda-sahAu / jo ehau so (kha) 'jo Niya saMtu siu tAsu muNijjahi bhAu / / 17 / / bhAu Na pariharai jo para bhAu Na lei / isa viNiccu para so siu saMtu havei / / 18 / / ' (ka) 'jAsu Na vaNNu Na gaMdhu rasu jAsu Na sahu Na phAsa / 36 40 jAsu Na jamma maraNu Na vi gAu NiraMjaNu tAsu / / 16 / / ' (kha) 'jAsu Na kohu Na mohu mau jAsu Na mAya Na mANu / jhAjiya so ji NiraMjaNu jANu / / 20 / / ' ( ga ) 'atthi Na puNNu Na pAu jasu atthi Na harisu visAu / 301 - paramAtmaprakAza 1 / -vahI / aNi ekkavi dosu jasu so ji NiraMjaNu bhAu / / 21 / / ' - paramAtmaprakAza 1 / 'jAsu Na dhAraNu dheu Na vi jAsu Na jaMtu Na maMtu / jANa maMDalu mudda Na vi so muNi deuM aNaMtu / / 22 / / ' -vahI / - paramAtmaprakAza 1 / Page #353 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 302 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA samAdhirUpa nirvikalpa dhyAna se hI gamya hai|"1 bhAvAtmaka dRSTi se yogIndudeva ne usa paramAtmA ko kevalajJAnamaya, kevaladarzanamaya, mAtra AnandasvarUpa aura ananta zaktisampanna kahA hai| paramAtmasvarUpa ko vyAkhyAyita karate hue unhoMne paramAtmA ke do bheda batAye haiM : 1. sakala paramAtmA tathA 2. niSkala prmaatmaa| zarIra sahita jo arihanta paramAtmA haiM ve sAkArarUpa sakala paramAtmA haiM evaM jinake zarIra nahIM hai aise nirAkAra siddha parameSThi niSkala paramAtmA haiN| ve sakala paramAtmA se bhI uttama kahe gae haiN| yahA~ para yogIndadeva siddha paramAtmA ke lakSaNoM ko abhivyakta karate hue kahate haiM ki "vaha audArika Adi pA~coM zarIra se rahita nirAkAra zuddha-buddha siddha paramAtmA hai| jaise siddhAlaya meM sthita siddha paramAtmA haiM vaise hI dehAlaya meM bhI virAjamAna arihanta paramAtmA haiN|"43 arihanta paramAtmA vyavahAranaya se to isa deha meM rahate haiM kintu nizcayanaya se ve apane svarUpa meM hI rahate haiN|44 jo deha meM rahate hue bhI nizcaya se deha meM nahIM hote, unheM zuddhAtmA yA paramAtmA kahA gayA hai| arihanta paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue yogIndudeva kahate haiM ki "jisake kevalajJAna meM yaha saMsAra pratibhAsita ho rahA hai aura isa saMsAra meM hI sthita haiM phira bhI usase tanmaya nahIM -vhii| -vhii| 41 'veyahiM satthahiM iMdiyahiM jo jiya muNahu Na jAi / Nimmala jhANahaM jo visau so paramappu aNAi / / 23 / / ' 42 'kevala-dasaNa-NANamau kevala-sukkha-sahAu / kevala- vIriu so muNahi jo ji parAvarU bhAu / / 24 / / ' (ka) 'eyahi~ juttau lakkhaNahiM jo parU Nikkalu deu / so tahiM Nivasai parama-pai jo tailoyahaM jheu / / 25 / / ' (kha) 'dehe vasaMtu vi Navi chivai NiyameM dehu vi jo ji / deheM chippai jo vi Navi muNi paramappau so ji / / 34 / / ' 44 'jehau Nimmalu NANamau siddhihiM Nivasai deu / tehau Nivasai baMbhu parU dehaha~ maM kari bheu / / 26 / / ' 15 'jeM diThe tuTTati lahu kammaiM pubba-kiyAI / so parU jANahi joiyA dehi vasaMtu Na kAi~ / / 27 / / ' -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / Page #354 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra .46 47 hai / vaha arihanta paramAtmA saMsAra meM hokara bhI saMsAra se usI prakAra bhinna haiM jaise netra padArthoM ko dekhate hue bhI unase bhinna hote hai / vaha arihanta paramAtmA deha meM nivAsa karate hue bhI deha se alipta hai| usake isa vItarAga nirvikalpa aura atIndriya Anandamaya svarUpa ko parama samAdhipUrvaka mahAtapa ke binA nahIM jAnA jA sktaa|"46 yogIndudeva isa tathya ko puSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki yaha AtmA hI paramAtmA hai / ve paramAtmA saMsArarUpI bela (vallarI) kA nAza karane vAle haiN| ve Age kahate haiM ki jisake deha meM rahane ke kAraNa indriyagrAma rahatA hai aura jisake cale jAne se vaha indriyagrAma ujar3a jAtA hai arthAt jisake zarIra meM rahane para indriyA~ apanA kAma karatI haiM aura jisake zarIra kA tyAga kara dene para indriyoM kA kArya karanA sambhava nahIM hotA; aisI AtmA hI apane zuddhasvarUpa meM paramAtmA hai / " jo AtmA pA~coM indriyoM ke mAdhyama se rUpa, rasa, gandha Adi viSayoM kA sparza karatI 46 'jityu Na iMdiya suha duhai~ jitthu Na maNa vAvArU / vasaI so appA muNi jIva tuhu~ aNNu pariM avahArU / / 28 / / ' 47 'dehAdehahiM jo bheyAbheya - gae / so appA muNi jIva tuhuM kiM aNNeM bahue / / 26 / / ' 'jIvAjIva ma ekku kari lakkhaNa bhee~ bheu / 48 jo parU so parU bhaNami muNi appA appua bheu / / 30 / / ' 46 50 'aNu aiidau NANamau mutti virahiu cimittu / appA iMdiya-visau Navi lakkhaNu ehu Niruttu / / 31 / / ' (ka) 'bhava - taNu bhoya viratta maNu jo appA jhAAe / tAsu gurUkkI vellaDI saMsAriNi tuTUTei / / 32 / / ' (kha) 'dehAdevali jo vasai deu aNAda-aNaMtu / " kevala - NANa - phuraMta - taNu so paramappu NibhaMtu / / 33 / / ' (ga) 'dehe vasaMtu vi Navi chivai niyameM dehu vi jo ji / deheM chippai jo vi vi muNi paramappau so ji / / 34 / / 51 'dehi vasaMte jeNa para iMdiya-gAmu vasei / uvvasu hoi gaeNa phuDu so paramappu havei / / 44 / / ' 303 -paramAtmaprakAza 1 / -vahI / -vahI / vahI | -vahI | -vahI / vahI / -vahI / Page #355 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 52 hai, phira bhI vaha indriyoM se ajJeya hI rahatI hai; vahI paramAtmA hai / 2 isa gAthA meM bhI yogIndudeva ne AtmA ko hI paramAtmA kahA hai / jisa prakAra maNDapa ke AdhAra se latA rahatI hai usI prakAra paramAtmA kA jJAna bhI jJeya padArthoM ke AdhAra para hI rahatA hai / jJeya para AdhArita hote hue bhI paramAtmA kA jJAna jJAtAsvarUpa nijaguNa hai / 3 yadyapi karmoM ke kAraNa AtmA ke jJAnAdiguNa prakaTa hote haiM aura naSTa hote haiM kintu nizcayadRSTi se AtmA kA anantajJAnAdi guNa svasvarUpa na to utpanna hotA hai aura na naSTa hotA hai / 4 yadyapi jJAnAvaraNAdi karma AtmA ke anantacatuSTaya kI abhivyakti ko rokate haiM kintu zuddha nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se ve karma usake anantacatuSTaya rUpa paramAtmasvarUpa ko kabhI bhI anyathA karane meM samartha nahI haiM / 55 jisa prakAra bAdala sUrya ke prakAza ko AvRtta karate haiM, aisA kahA jAtA hai, kintu bAdaloM se pare sUrya sadaiva hI vaisA camakatA rahatA hai, jaisA vaha hai / vaise hI vItarAga nirvikalpa samAdhirUpa AtmA paramAtmA meM ekAkAra hokara, moharUpI megha samUha kA nAza karake, munivasthA meM praveza karake, vItarAga svasaMvedanajJAna kI prApti karake, sva-para ke sarvadravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva se kevalajJAna prakAzita karate haiM evaM aise kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIrya, ina anantacatuSTaya se yukta paramAtmA hI dhyAna karane yogya haiM / 6 56 304 (ka) 'jo Niya - karaNahi paMcahiM vi paMca vi visaya muNei / muNiu Na paMcahiM- paMcahiM vi so paramappu havei / / 45 / / ' (kha) 'jasu paramatthe baMdhu Navi joiya Na vi saMsArU / so paramappa jANi tuhuM maNi millivi vavahArU / / 46 / / ' 53 'NeyAbhAve villi jima thakkai NANu valevi / mukkahaM jasu paya biMbiyau parama sahAu bhaNevi / / 47 / / ' 'kammahiM jAsu jaNaMtahiM vi Niu Niu kajju sayA vi / kiM pi Na jANiyau hariu Navi so paramappau bhAvi / / 48 / / ' 55 'kamma- biddhu vi hoi gavi jo phuDu kammu kayA vi / kammuvi jo Na kayA vi phuDu so paramappau bhAvi / / 46 / / ' (ka) 'appu payAsai appu parU jima aMbari ravi-rAu / joiya etthu ma bhaMti kari ehau vatthu sahAu / / 101 / / ' (kha) 'joiya Niya - maNi Nimmalae para dIsai siu saMtu / aMbari Nimmali ghaNa rahie bhANu ji jema phuraMtu / / 116 / / ' 52 54 56 - vahI -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI ! - paramAtmaprakAza 1 / -vahI / Page #356 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 305 paramAtmaprakAza meM yogIndudeva ne AtmA aura paramAtmA kI abheda sthiti kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| unakA yaha nirUpaNa saMkSipta hote hue bhI atyanta bhAvapUrNa hai| ve likhate haiM ki deharUpI devAlaya meM ananta zaktiyoM kA svAmI vaha Atmadeva aise nivAsa karatA hai jaise mAnasarovara meM paramAtmadevarUpI haMsa nirantara rahatA hai| vaise zuddha nizcayanaya se vaha deha se bhinna rahatA hai| __ paramAtmA deharUpI mandira meM nivAsa karate hue bhI usase alipta hai| deha mUrtika aura azucimaya hai jabaki paramAtmA amUrta aura paramapavitra hai| deha kA nirmANa hotA hai aura vaha naSTa bhI hotI hai, kintu paramAtmA anAdi aura ananta hai| deha jar3a hai, kintu paramAtmA caitanya hai| paramAtmA upAdeya hai jabaki deha heya hai| paramAtmasvarUpa yaha AtmA saMsAra dazA meM deharUpI mandira meM rahate hue bhI usase bhinna hai| AtmA apane zuddha svarUpa meM apanI jJAnAdi zaktiyoM sahita zivarUpa hai| vahI paramAtmA hai jo deha meM rahakara bhI dehAtIta hai aura lokAloka ko prakAzita karane vAle -vahI / -vahI 2 / -vahI / 57 'Niya-maNi Nimmali NANiyahaM Nivasai deu aNAi / haMsA saravari lINu jima mahu ehau paDihAi / / 122 / / ' 58 (ka) 'dehaha~ uppari paramamuNi desu vi karai Na rAu / dehaha~ jeNaM viyANiyau bhiNNau appa-sahAu / / 51 / / ' (kha) 'vitti-NivittihiM parama-muNi desu vi karai Na rAu / baMdhahaM heu viyANiyau eyahaM jeNa sahAu / / 52 / / ' 'appA millivi NANiyaha~ aNNu Na suMdarU vatthu / teNa Na visayaha~ maNu ramai jANaMtahaM paramatthu / / 77 / / ' 'appA millivi NANamau citti Na laggai aNNu / maragau je pariyANiyau tahuM kacceM kau gaNNu / / 78 / ' 'jIvA sayala vi NANa-maya jammaNa-maraNa-vimukka / jIva-paesahiM sayala sama sayala vi saguNahiM ekka / / 67 / / ' (cha) 'baMbhahaM bhuvaNi vasaMtAha~ je Navi bheu karaMti / te paramappa-payAsayara joiya vimalu muNaMti / / 66 / / ' (ja) 'rAya-dosa be pariharivi je sama jIva NiyaMti / / te sama-bhAvi pariTThiyA lahu NivvANu lahaMti / / 100 / / ' -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / Page #357 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 306 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kevalajJAna evaM kevaladarzana svarUpa hai| isa carcA se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yogIndudeva ke anusAra AtmA aura paramAtmA meM abheda hai| AtmA ke nirAvaraNa zuddhasvarUpa meM paramAtmA hI hai|6deg una paramAtmA ke liye zatru-mitra Adi sabhI eka samAna haiN| unakA na kisI se rAga hai aura na dveSa hai| ve vItarAga haiM, ve samabhAva meM jIte haiM, samatA meM ramaNa karate haiM tathA nirvikalpa samAdhi meM sthita rahate haiN| kaSAya-kalmaSa ke dUra ho jAne ke kAraNa ve paramAnanda meM sphUrAyamAna hai| vastutaH dehAtma buddhi se rahita saMsAra se parAGmukha tathA samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakacAritra rUpa AtmA ko hI usake apane zuddha svarUpa meM paramAtmA kahA jAtA hai|62 yogIndudeva ke anusAra yadyapi anAdikAla se yaha AtmA karma aura tadjanya zarIrAdi upAdhiyoM se yukta hai, kintu nizcaya se 56 (ka) 'jIvaha~ daMsaNu NANu jiya lakkhaNu jANai jo ji / deha-vibheeM bheu taha~ NANi ki maNNai so ji / / 101 / / -paramAtmaprakAza 2 / (kha) 'deha vibheyaI jI kuNai jIvai~ bheu vicittu / so Navi lakkhaNu muNai tasa~ daMsaNu NANu carittu / / 102 / / ' -vahI / (ga) 'sayala viyappaha~ tuTTAhaM siva paya maggi vasaMtu / kamma caukkai vilau gai appA hui arahaMtu / / 165 / / ' -vahI / 'jAmu suhAsuha-bhAvaDA Navi sayala vi tuTaMti / parama samAhi Na tAmu maNi kevuli emu bhaNaMti / / 164 / / ' -vhii| 'kevala-NANiM aNavarau loyAlou muNaMtu / NiyameM paramANaMdamau appA hui arahantu / / 166 / / ' -vahI / 'jo jiNu kevala-NANamau paramANaMda sahAu / so paramappau parama-parU so jiya appa-sahAu / / 167 / / ' -vahI / (ja) 'kevala-dasaNu NANu suha vIriu jo ji aNaMtu / / so jiNa-deu vi parama-muNi parama-payAsu muNaMtu / / 166 / / ' -vhii| 60 'NANa-viyakkhaNu suddha maNu jo jaNu ehau koi / ___so paramappa-payAsayahaM joggu bhaNaMti ji joi / / 206 / / ' -vahI / 61 'jo sama-bhAva-pariTThiyahaM joihaM koi phurei / paramANaMdu jaNaMtu phuDu so paramappu havei / / 35 / / ' -vahI 1 / 62 (ka) 'jaM tattaM NANa-rUvaM parama-maNi-gaNA Nicca jhAyaMti citte / jaM tattaM deha-cattaMNivasai bhuvaNe saba-dehINa dehe / / jaM tattaM divva-dehaM tihuvaNa-gurUgaM sijjhae saMta-jIve / / taM tattaM jassa suddhaM phurai Niya-maNe pAvae so hi siddhiM / / 213 / / ' -vhii| Page #358 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 307 zarIrAdi se bhinna hI hai| jar3a karmAdi AtmA se bhinna haiN| yaha AtmA anAdi kAla se paradravyoM meM prIti karake isa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kara rahI hai|633 (kha) yogasAra ke anusAra paramAtmA kA svarUpa .. paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA nirvacana karate hue yogIndudeva yogasAra meM likhate haiM ki jo AtmA hai vahI paramAtmA hai aura jo paramAtmA hai vahI AtmA hai| isa prakAra yogIndudeva sarvaprathama AtmA aura paramAtmA meM tAdAtmya svIkAra karate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM AtmA aura paramAtmA meM mukhya antara karmoM se yukta aura karmoM se rahita hone meM hai|65 ise ve eka udAharaNa ke dvArA spaSTa karate haiM ki jaise kamalinI kA patra kabhI bhI jala se lipta nahIM hotA, usI prakAra paramAtmA AtmasvabhAva meM lIna rahate haiN| ve karmoM se lipta nahIM haiN| unakI daSTi meM AtmA aura paramAtmA meM mukhya antara zakti aura abhivyakti ko lekara hai| ve kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra vaTavRkSa meM bIja hote haiM usI prakAra bIja meM bhI vaTavRkSa rahA huA hai| ataH AtmA aura paramAtmA meM ananta-catuSTaya kI abhivyakti kA hI antara hai| isaliye ve kahate haiM ki jo paramAtmA hai vaha maiM hU~ aura jo maiM hU~ vahI paramAtmA hai| ise eka aura anya apekSA se spaSTa karate hue ve kahate haiM ki jo krodhAdi cAra kaSAyoM aura bhaya, maithuna Adi cAra saMjJAoM se rahita haiM tathA anantadarzana, -vahI / -vahI / 63 (ka) 'jo paramatthe Nikkalu vi kamma-vibhiNNiu jo ji / mUDhA sayalu bhaNaMti phuDumaNi paramappau so ji / / 37 / / ' (ba) 'kamma-Nibaddha vi joiyA dehi vasaMtu vi jo ji / hoi Na sayalu kayA vi phuDu muNi paramappau so ji / / 36 / / ' (ka) 'jaM vaDamajjhaha~ bIu phuDu bIyahaM vaDu vi hu jANu / taM dehahaM deu vi muNahi jo tailoya-pahANu / / 74 / / ' (kha) 'jo jiNa so hau~ so ji hau~ ehau bhAu NibhaMtu / mokkhaha~ kAraNa joiyA aNNu Na taMtu Na bhaMtu / / 75 / / ' (sa) 'jaha salileNa Na lippiyaikamalaNi patta kayA vi| taha kammehiM Na lippiyai jai rai appa- sahAvi / / 62 / / ' 65 (ka) 'be chaMDivi be-guNa-sahiu jo appANi vasei / jiNu sAmiu emai bhaNai lahu NivvANu lahei / / 77 / / ' -yogasAra / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / Page #359 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 308 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA anantajJAna, anantasukha, anantavIryarUpa anantacatuSTaya se yukta haiM,66 ve hI paramAtmA haiN| unheM hI parama pavitra kahA gayA hai aura jo una parama pavitra kA dhyAna karatA hai vaha bhI parama pavitra tIrthasama ho jAtA hai arthAt paramAtmapada ko prApta kara letA hai| punaH ve paramAtmA ke lakSaNoM ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki jo nirmala aura niSkala hai, zAnta hai, zuddha hai; vahI jina hai, vahI viSNu hai, vahI buddha hai aura vahI ziva hai| isa prakAra yogIndudeva kI dRSTi meM karmamala se rahita niSkalaMka zuddha Atmatatva ko hI paramAtmA kahA gayA hai| yogIndudeva ke anusAra kevalajJAna svabhAvarUpa zuddha caitanya Atmatatva hI paramAtmA haiN| usakA hI dhyAna karane se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| jo rAga-dveSa kA parityAga karake apane AtmasvabhAva meM sthira hai vahI paramAtmA hai|66 punaH ve paramAtmA ke lakSaNa ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki jo samasta vikalpoM se rahita haiM; parama samAdhi meM lIna haiM aura AtmAnanda kI anubhUti karate haiM ve hI paramAtmA haiM aura unheM hI mokSapada kahA gayA -vahI / -vhii| -vahI / -vahI / 66 (ka) 'tihi rahiyau tihiM guNa-sahiu jo appANi vasei / so sAsaya-suha bhAyaNu vi jiNavarU ema bhaNei / / 78 / / ' 'cau kasAya-saNNA-rahiu cau-guNa-sahiyau vuttu / so appA muNi jIva tuhu~ jima parU hohi pavattu / / 76 / / ' (ga) 'appA daMsaNu NANu muNi appA caraNu viyANi / / appA sajaMmu sIla tau appA paccakkhANi / / 81 / / ' 'jo pariyANai appa parU so parU cayai NibhaMtu / so saNNAsu muNehi tuhu~ kevala-NANiM uttu / / 62 / / ' (ca) 'rayaNataya saMjutta jiu uttimu titthu pavittu / mokkhahaM kAraNa joiyA aNNu Na taMtu Na maMtu / / 83 / / ' 67 'daMsaNu ja picchiyai buha appA vimala maha~tu / / puNu-puNu appA bhAviyae so cAritta pavittu / / 84 / / ' 68 'jahi~ appA tahi~ sayala guNa kevali ema bhaNaMti / tihiM kAraNa e~ joi phuDu appA apapA vimalu muNaMti / / 85 / / 66 "ekkalau iMdiya-rahiyau maNa-vaya-kAya ti suddhi / / __ appA appu muNehi tuhu~ lahu pAvahi siva siddhi / / 86 / / ' 'jai baddhau mukkau muNahi to badhiyahi NibhaMtu / sahaja-saruvai jai ramahi to pAvahi siva saMtu / / 87 / / ' -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vhii| 70 -vahI / Page #360 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 306 hai| aise hI zuddha Atmatatva ko yogIndudeva ne aneka nAmoM se spaSTa kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki vahI ziva hai, vahI zaMkara hai, vahI viSNu hai, vahI rUdra hai, vahI buddha hai, vahI jina hai, vahI Izvara hai, vahI brahmA hai, vahI ananta hai aura use hI siddha bhI kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra yogIndudeva ne na kevala vibhinna dharmoM ke ArAdhyoM ko hI paramAtmA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA apitu jaina dharma meM ArAdhyarUpa meM paMcaparameSTi ko svIkAra kiyA haiN| unheM bhI tatvataH paramAtmA kahA hai| ve likhate haiM ki nizcayanaya se to AtmA hI arhat hai, vahI siddha hai aura vahI AcArya hai aura use hI upAdhyAya tathA muni bhI kahA jAtA hai| jainadarzana meM arihanta (arhat) aura siddha ko to paramAtmA mAnA hI gayA hai, kintu yogIndudeva ne AcArya, upAdhyAya aura muni ko bhI unakI AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kI apekSA se paramAtmA kI saMjJA dI hai| kyoMki unakI dRSTi meM AtmA hI paramAtmA hai|73 5.2.5 muni rAmasiMha ke pAhuDadohA meM paramAtmA kA svarUpa paramAtmA ke lakSaNa ko spaSTa karate hue muni rAmasiMha kA kahanA hai ki jJAnAdi zaktiyoM sahita jo deva deha-rUpI devAlaya meM nivAsa karatA hai, vahI paramAtmA (ziva) hai| yahA~ muni rAmasiMha kA saMketa isa tathya kI ora hai ki jJAnAdi zaktiyoM se yukta deha meM -yogasAra / -vahI / 71 'vajjiya sayala viyappai~ parama samAhi lahaMti / ___ jaM viMdahi~ sANaMdu ka vi so siva-sukkha bhaNaMti / / 67 / / ' 72 'so siu saMkarU viNhu so so rudda vi so buddha / / so jiNu IsarU baMbhu so so aNaMtu so siddha / / 105 / / ' 73 (ka) 'arahantu vi so siddha phuDu so Ayariu viyANi / __ so uvasAyau so ji muNi NicchaI appA jANi / / 104 / / ' (kha) 'eva hi lakkhaNa-lakkhiyau jo parU Nikkalu deu / dehaha~ majjhahi~ so vasai tAsu Na vijjai bheu / / 106 / / ' (ga) 'je siddha je sijjhihiM je sijjhahi jiNa-uttu / appA-daMsaNiM te vi phuDu ehau jANi NibhaMtu / / 107 / / ' -vahI / -vahI / -vhii| Page #361 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 310 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA nivAsa karane vAlA zuddha Atmatatva hI paramAtmA hai| isa prakAra muni rAmasiMha AtmA ko hI paramAtmA mAnate haiN| Age punaH paramAtmA ke lakSaNoM ko spaSTa karate hue ve likhate haiM ki jo na to utpanna hotA hai, na vRddha hotA hai aura na maratA hai; jo janma jarA aura mRtyu se pare anantajJAnamaya tribhuvana kA svAmI hai; vahI nirdhAnta zivadeva paramAtmA hai| jJAtavya hai ki yahA~ muni rAmasiMha paramAtmA ko zaktimAna ziva ke rUpa meM prastuta karate haiN| ve zuddha AtmA ko ziva ke rUpa meM aura usakI jJAnAdi zaktiyoM ko zakti ke rUpa meM vivecita karate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki ziva ke binA zakti aura zakti ke binA ziva nahIM hotA hai| yahA~ unhoMne AtmA aura usake jJAnAdi guNoM meM abheda dikhAkara unako ziva aura zakti ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki jo ina donoM ko jAna letA hai usakA moha vinaSTa ho jAtA hai| unake isa kathana kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba AtmA ko apane zuddhasvarUpa kA bodha ho jAtA hai taba moha samApta hone para AtmA paramAtmApada ko prApta ho jAtI hai| kintu yaha jJAtavya hai ki AtmA ko apane zuddha svarUpa kA bodha apanI jJAnAdi zaktiyoM ke mAdhyama se hI hotA haiN| jaba taka jIvAtmA apane jJAnamaya zuddhasvarUpa ko nahIM -pAhuDadohA / -vahI / -pAhuDadohA / -vahI / 74 'dehAdevali jo vasai sattihiM sahiyau deu / ___ ko tahiM joiya sattisiu sigghu gavesahi bheu / / 54 / / ' 75 'jarai Na marai Na saMbhavai jo pari ko vi aNaMtu / tihuvaNasAmiu NANamau sivadeu NibhaMtu / / 55 / / ' (ka) 'vaNNavihUNau NANamau jo bhAvai sabbhAu / saMtu NiraMjaNu so ji siu tahiM kijjai aNurAu / / 36 / / ' (kha) 'appA mellivi NANamau avarU parAyau bhAu / so chaMDeviNu jIva tuhuM jhAyahi suddhasahAu / / 38 / / ' (ga) 'bujjhahu bujjhahu jiNu bhaNai ko bujjhai hali annnnu|| appA dehahaM NANamau chuDu bujjhiyau vibhiNNu / / 41 / / ' (gha) tihuvaNi dIsai deu jiNu jiNavarU tihuvaNu eu / jiNavarU dIsai sayalu jagu ko vi Na kijjai bheu / / 40 / / ' 77 'vaMdahu vaMdahu jiNu bhaNai ko vaMdau hali etthu / / _NiyadehahaM NivasaMtayahaM jai jANiu paramatthu / / 42 / / ' 78 'siva viNu satti Na vAvarai siu puNu sattivihINu / dohiM vi jANai sayalu jagu bujjhai mohavilINu / / 56 / / ' -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / Page #362 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 31 jAnatI hai; taba taka vaha ajJAnajanya saMkalpa-vikalpoM se dagdha horta rahatI hai| kintu jaise hI AtmA apane jJAnamaya zuddhasvarUpa ka anubhava karatI hai, vaha mohajanya saMkalpa-vikalpoM se Upara uThakara paramAtmapada ko prApta ho jAtI hai| muni rAmasiMha kahate haiM ki je nitya, nirAmaya, jJAnamaya, paramAnanda svabhAvI AtmA hai; varha paramAtmA hai| jo isa Atmatatva ko jAna letA hai usako phira anya koI bhAna nahIM rahatA arthAt vaha paramAtmasvarUpa hI ho jAtA hai| jainadarzana pratyeka zuddha-buddha AtmA ko hI paramAtmA mAnatA hai kyoMki AtmAe~ ananta haiM; paramAtmA bhI ananta haiN| isI tatva ke lakSita karate hue ve kahate haiM ki jisane eka jinadeva ko jAna liyA, usane ananta jinadevoM ko jAna liyA; kyoMki jainadarzana ke anusAra sabhI jina svarUpataH eka hI haiN| unameM lakSaNa bheda nahIM hai| isIliye muni rAmasiMha kahate haiM ki jisane eka jinadeva ko jAna liyA usane sabhI (jinadevoM) ko jAna liyaa| AtmA kA paramAtmA se abheda spaSTa karate hue muni rAmasiMha kahate haiM ki AtmA kevalajJAnamaya hai| jo isa jJAnamaya AtmA meM nivAsa karatA hai; vaha pApakarmoM se lipta nahIM hotaa|2 vaha mukta hI hai| jo kevalajJAna se yukta isa zarIra meM sphurAyamAna ho rahA hai vahI paramAtmA hai| isa prakAra muni rAmasiMha kevala jJAnamaya AtmA ko hI paramAtmA ke rUpa meM prastuta karate haiN|63 muni rAmasiMha paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki anantadarzana-jJAnamaya niraMjana paramAtmA AtmA se ananya (abhinna) hai| vaha anya nahIM hai| -vhii| -vahI / 4 76 aNNu tuhArau NANamau lakkhiu jAma Na bhAu / saMkappa-viyappa aNANamau daDDhau cittu varAu / / 57 // ' 80 Niccu NirAmau NANamau paramANaMdaMsahAu / appA bujjhiu jeNa parU tAsu Na aNNu hi bhAu / / 58 / / ' 'amhahiM jANiu eku jiNu jANiu deu annNtu| Navari su moheM mohiyau acchai dUri bhamaMtu / / 56 / / 82 'appA kevalaNANamau hiyaDai Nivasai jAsu / ___ tihuvaNi acchau mokkalau pAvu Na laggai tAsu / / 60 / / ' 'ciMtai jaMpai kuNai Navi jo muNi baMdhaNaheu / kevalaNANa phuraMtataNu so paramappau deu / / 61 // ' -vahI / 14 -vahI / -vahI / Page #363 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 312 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA zuddhAtmA ko hI unhoMne paramAtmA kahA hai| AtmA jJAna svarUpa hai| jJAna AtmA kA svabhAva lakSaNa hai| jahA~ AtmA hai vahA~ niyama se jJAna hai| AtmA apane jJAna svabhAva se bhinna nahIM hai aura AtmA kA yaha jJAna svabhAva hI mokSa kA kAraNa hai| muni rAmasiMha Age kahate haiM ki jahA~ karmamala se rahita evaM kevalajJAnamaya paramAtmA nivAsa karate haiM, vaha AtmasthAna anAdi hai| vahA~ unake hRdaya arthAt jJAnamaya svabhAva meM yaha samasta vizva pratibimbita ho rahA hai| unake usa jJAna se pare kucha bhI nahIM hai arthAt ve sarvajJa paramAtmA haiN| ____ muni rAmasiMha ahobhAvapUrvaka usa paramAtmA kA bahumAna karate hue kahate haiM ki sAr3he tIna hAtha kA yaha jo deharUpI devAlaya hai, usake bhItara hI niraMjana prabhu basatA hai| ye nirmala tathA akhaNDita jJAna kA piNDa vItarAga haiM tathA indriyoM se agocara haiM, phira bhI jJAnagocara haiN| ve janma-maraNa tathA bhUkha-pyAsa Adi kI bAdhAoM se rahita aura nirbAdha haiN| ve likhate haiM ki binA nAda ke jo akSara utpanna hotA hai arthAt vikalparUpI kolAhala se rahita nirvikalpa citta meM jisa zuddha AtmasvarUpa kA prakaTana hotA hai| vaha jJAnasvarUpa AtmA hI paramAtmA hai| AtmA jaba apane AtmasvabhAva meM sthita ho jAtI hai, taba use karmarUpI lepa nahIM lagatA arthAt vaha karmoM se nirlipta hotI hai aura jo bhI mahAdoSa haiM una sabakA -pAhuDadohA / -vahI / 84 'aNNu NiraMjaNu deu Navi appA daMsaNaNANu / ___appA saccau mokkhapahu ehau mUDha viyANu / / 80 // ' 85 'kevala malaparivajjiyau jahiM so ThAi aNAi / tasa uri savu jagu saMcarai parai Na koi vi jAi / / 60 // ' 86 'aMto Natthi suINaM kAlo thoo vi amha dummehA / taM Navara sikkhiyavvaM jaM jaramaraNakkhayaM kuNahi / / 66 / / ' 87 (ka) 'rAyavayallahiM chaharasahiM paMcahiM rUvahiM cittu| jAsu Na raMjiu bhuvaNayali so joiya kari mittu / / 133 / / ' (kha) 'aNahau akkharU jaM uppajjai / aNu vi kiM vi aNNANa Na kijjai / / AyaiM cittiM lihi maNu dhArivi / sou NiciMtiu pAu pasArivi / / 145 / / ' -vhii| -vhii| -vahI / Page #364 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra chedana ho jAtA hai| muni rAmasiMha ke isa kathana kA tAtparya yaha hai ki sva-svabhAva meM sthita usa paramAtmA ko ( kaSAyayukta) karma kA bandha nahIM hotaa|" jo purAtana karmoM kA kSaya karake aura abhinava karmoM kA praveza nahIM hone detA hai tathA sadaiva hI apane zuddha AtmasvarUpa kA dhyAna karatA hai vahI jina yA paramAtmA hai / jisane zvAsa ko jIta liyA hai aura jo nizcala netravAlA tathA jo AtmA ke indriya vyApAra se mukta hai, vahI yogI ( paramAtmA) hai isameM koI sandeha nahIM / " rAgadveSa Adi bhAvoM ke naSTa hone tathA mana kA vyApAra samApta ho jAne para yaha AtmA paramAtmasvarUpa meM sthita ho jAtI hai aura yahI nirvANa hai / .62 5.2.6 AcArya zubhacandra ke anusAra paramAtmA kA svarUpa AcArya zubhacandra ne paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA citraNa karane se ti 86 dukkhu Na dekkhahi kahiM mi vaDha ajarAmaru pau hoi / / 168 / / ' (ka) 'visayakasAya caevi vaDha appahaM maNu vi dharehi / cUrivi caugai Nittulau paramappau pAvehi / / 166 / / ' (kha) 'iMdiyapasarU NivAri vaDha maNa jAvahi paramatthu / appA mellivi NANamau avarU viDAvai satyu / / 200 / / ' ( ga ) 'visayA ciMti ma jIva tuhu visaya Na bhallA hoMti / sevaMtAhaM vi mahura vaDha pacchAI dukkha diti / / 201 / / ' (gha) 'visayakasAyahaM raMjiyau appahiM cittu Na dei / baMdhivi dukkiyakammaDA cirU saMsArU, bhamei // / 202 / / ' (ca) 'iMdiyavisaya caevi vaDha kari mohahaM paricAu / aNudiNujhAvahi paramapau to ehau vavasAu / / 203 / / ' 'NijjiyasAso NipphaMdaloyaNo mukkasayalavAvAro / eyAI avattha gao so joyau Natthi saMdeho / 204 / / ' 62 'tuTTe maNavAvAre bhagge taha rAyarosasabbhAve / paramappayammi appe pariTThie hoi nivvANaM // 205 / / 60 'tihuvaNi dIsai deu jiNu jiNavarU, tihuvaNu sau / jiNavarU dIsai sayalu jagu ko vi Na kijjai eu / / 40 / / ' (ka) 'dekhatAhaM vi mUDha vaDha ramiyaI sukkhu Na hoi / ammie mutta chidu lahu to vi Na viNaDai koi / / 167 / / ' (kha) 'jiNavarU jhAyahi jIva tuhu visayakasAyahaM khoi / 61 313 -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / - pAhuDadohA / -vahI / - vahI / -vahI / Page #365 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 314 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA pUrva isa bAta para adhika bala diyA hai ki yaha AtmA hI paramAtmA hai| ve likhate haiM ki anantagaNoM kA samUha yaha AtmA saMsArarUpI vana meM karmarUpI zatruoM ke dvArA ghira gayA hai| merI AtmA hI paramAtmA hai, parama jyoti svarUpa hai, vaha jagat meM jyeSTha aura mahAn hai| maiM aura paramAtmA donoM hI jJAna netra vAle haiN| isIliye AtmA usa paramAtmasvarUpa kI prApti ke liye prayatna karatI hai| Age ve kahate haiM ki paramAtmA aura mujha meM mAtra yahI bheda hai ki anantacatuSTaya mujhameM zaktirUpa se vidyamAna hai aura paramAtmA meM vaha abhivyakta hai| jitanA bheda zakti aura abhivyakti meM hai utanA hI bheda mujha aura paramAtmA meM hai| tatvataH AtmA hI paramAtmA hai| usa AtmA meM paramAtmasvarUpa kA prakaTana kaise ho, isakA mukhya upAya AcArya zubhacandra kI dRSTi meM dhyAna hai| ve likhate haiM ki yaha AtmA ekatva vitarka-avicAra nAmaka zukladhyAna se ghAtIkarma kA nAza karake AtmalAbha ko prApta karatI haiM aura kevalajJAna aura -jJAnArNava sarga 1 / -vahI sarga 2 / -vahI / -jJAnArNava sarga / 63 (ka) 'anityAH kAmArthAH kSaNarucicalaM jIvitamidaM / vimRzyoccaiH svArthe ka iha sukRti muhyati janaH / / 46 / / ' (kha) ye jAtA ripavaH pUrva janmanya sminvidhervazAta / ta eva tava vartante bAndhavA baddhasauhRdaH / / 16 / / ' riputvena samApannAH prAktanAste'tra janmani / bAndhavAH krodharuddhAkSA dRzyante hantumudyatAH / / 20 / / ' 'ayamAtmA mahAmohakalaMkI yena zuddhayati / tadeva svahitaM dhAma tacca jyotiH paraM matam / / 36 / / ' 'ajJAtasvasvarupeNa paramAtmA na budhyate / Atmaiva prAgvinizceyo vijJAtuM puruSaM param / / 1 / / ' (kha) 'AtmatattvAnabhijJasya na syAdAtmanyavasthitiH / muhyatyantaH pRthakkartuM svarupaM dehadehinoH / / 2 / / ' (ga) 'tayorbhedAparijJAnAnAtmalAbhaH prajAyate / tadabhAvAtsvavijJAnasUtiH svapne'pi durghaTA / / 3 / / ' (gha) 'ataH prAgeva nizceyaH samyagAtmA mumukSubhiH / azeSaparaparyAyakalpanAjAlavarjitaH // 4 / / ' -jJAnArNava sarga 32 / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / Page #366 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 315 kevaladarzana ko prApta karatI haiN| _ kevalajJAna prApta hote hI yaha AtmA bhagavAna yA paramAtmA ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai|66 paramAtmA ke vibhinna nAmoM kI carcA karate hue ve likhate haiM ki jisa samaya ahaMta paramAtmA kevalI samudghAta kara apane AtmapradezoM se loka meM vyApta hote haiM, usa samaya ve sarvagata, sArva, sarvajJa, sarvatomukha, vizvavyApI vibhu, bhartA, vizvamUrti aura mahezvara ina nAmoM ko sArthaka karate haiN| AcArya -jJAnArNava sarga 42 / DE -vahI / -vhii| -vahI / -vahI / 65 (ka) 'savitarkaM savIcAraM sapRthaktvaM ca kIttim / zuklamAdyaM dvitIyaM tu viparyastamato'param / / 6 / / ' (kha) 'savitarkamavIcAramekatvapadalAJchitam / kIrtitaM munibhiH zuklaM dvitIyamatinirmalam / / 10 / ' 'tatra triyoginAmAdyaM dvitIyaM tvekayoginAm / tRtIyaM tanuyogAnAM syAtturIyamayoginAm / / 12 / / ' 'pRthaktvena vitarkasya vIcAro yatra vidyate / savitarkaM savIcAraM sapRthaktvaM tadiSyate / / 13 / / ' 'avIcAro vitarkasya yatraikatvena saMsthitaH / savitarkamavIcAraM tadekatvaM vidurbudhAH / / 14 / / ' 'apRthaktvamavIcAraM savitarka ca yoginaH / / ekatvamekayogasya jAyate'tyantanirmalam / / 26 / / ' (ja) 'asmin sunirmaladhyAnahutAze pravijRmbhite / / vilIyante kSaNAdeva ghAtikarmANi yoginaH / / 28 / / ' 'dRgbodharodhakadvandvaM mohavighnasya vA param / sa kSiNoti kSaNAdeva zukla ghUmadhvajArciSA / / 26 / / ' (Ta) 'AtmalAbhamathAsAdya zuddhiM cAtyantikI parAm / prApnoti kevalajJAnaM tathA kevaladarzanam / / 30 / / ' 66 'alabdhapUrvamAsAdya tadAsau jJAnadarzane / vetti pazyati niHzeSaM lokAlokaM yathAsthitam / / 31 / / ' (ka) 'SaNmAsAyuSi zeSe saMvRtA ye jinAH prakarSaNa / te yAnti samudghAtaM zeSA bhAjyAH samudghAte / / 42 / / ' (kha) 'yadAyuradhikAni syuHkarmANi parameSThinaH / samudghAtavidhiM sAkSAtprAgevArabhate tadA / / 43 / / ' (ga) 'anantavIrya prathitaprabhAvo daNDaM kapATaM prataraM vidhAya / sa lokamenaM samayaizcaturbhinizzeSamApurayati krameNa / / 44 / / ' 98 'tadA sa sarvagaH sArvaH sarvajJaH sarvatomukhaH / / vizvavyApI vibhurtA vizvamUrtirmahezvaraH / / 45 / / ' -vahI / -vahI / -vhii| -jJAnArNava sarga 42 / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / Page #367 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 316 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA zubhacandra ne anya jaina AcArya ke samAna hI paramAtmA ke do prakAra mAne haiM : (1) arhat, aura (2) siddh| ina donoM avasthAoM kA citraNa karate hue ve likhate haiM ki ve kevalI bhagavAna nirmala, zAnta, niSkalaMka, nirAmaya, janma, maraNa, rUpa, durnivAra kaSToM se rahita haiN| ve siddha, suprasiddha, niSpanna, AtmaniraMjana, niSkriya, niSkala, zuddha nirvikalpa, atinirmala, yathAkhyAtacAritra se yukta, ananta zaktimAna, parama zuddhi ko pariprApta, sAdhitAtma, svasvarUpa svabhAva, tyaktayoga, ayogI, parameSThI paramAtmA, paramaprabhu, zuddhAtmA, nirAmaya, nirvikalpa nirAbAdha Adi nAmoM se jAne jAte haiN| anta meM siddhaparamAtmA kA nirvacana karate hue ve likhate haiM ki ve siddha paramAtmA, nidrA, tandrAmaya bhrA~ti, rAga, dveSa, pIr3A aura saMzaya se rahita haiM tathA kSobha, moha, janma, jarA, maraNa ityAdi se bhI rahita haiN| unameM kSudhA, tRSA, kheda, mada, unmAda, mUrchA aura mAtsarya bhAva bhI nahIM hai| vahA~ vRddhi aura hAsa bhI nahIM hai| unakA vaibhava -jJAnArNava sarga 42 / -vahI / -vahI / 66 (ka) 'tadAhattvaM pariprApya sa devaH sarvagaH zivaH / jAyate'khilakarmIghajarAmaraNavarjitaH / / 38 / / ' (kha) 'sthitimAsAdya siddhAtmA tatra lokAgramandire / Aste svabhAvajAnantaguNaizvaryopalakSitaH / / 63 / / ' (ga) 'AtyantikaM nirAbAdhamatyakSaM svasvabhAvajam / yatsukhaM devadevasya tadvaktuM kena pAryate / / 64 / / ' (ka) 'tadAsau nirmalaH zAnto niSkalaMko nirAmayaH / janmajAnekadurvArabandhavyasana vicyutaH / / 55 / / ' 'siddhAtmA suprasiddhAtmA niSpannAtmA niraMjanaH / niSkriyo niSkalaH zuddho nirvikalpo'tinirmilaH / / 56 / / ' 'AvirbhUtayathAkhyAta caraNo'nantavIryavAn / parAM zuddhiM pariprApto dRSTebarbodhasya cAtmanaH / / 57 / / ' 'ayogI tyaktayogatvAtkevalotpAdanirvRtaH / sAdhitAtmasvabhAvazca parameSThi paraM prabhuH / / 58 / / ' (ca) 'laghupaMcAkSaroccakAlaM sthitvA tataH param / sa svabhAvAvRjatyUvaM zuddhAtmA vItabandhanaH / / 56 / / ' (ka) nidrAtandrAbhayabhrAntirAgadveSArtisaMzayaiH / zokamohajarAjanmamaraNAyaizca vicyutaH / / 71 / / ' (kha) 'kSuttRzramamadonmAdamUrchAmAtsaryavarjitaH / vRddhihAsavyatItAtmA kalpanAtItavaibhavaH / / 72 / / ' -vhii| -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / Page #368 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 104 kalpanAtIta hai / ve nirvikalpa, niraMjana aura niSkalaMka haiM tathA Ananda se paripUrNa aura ananta vIrya se sampanna haiM / 102 unhoMne saMsAra samudra ko pAra kara liyA hai aura ve 103 haiM / " kRtya kRtya unake sukhoM kI koI upamA denA kaThina hai, jisa prakAra AkAza aura kAla kA anta nahIM hai| ve siddha paramAtmA trailokya meM tilaka svarUpa samasta viSayoM se rahita niradvandva, avinAzI, atIndriya aura apane Atma svabhAva meM ramaNa karane vAle upamA rahita haiM / 106 5.2.7 amitagati ke yogasAraprAbhRta meM paramAtmA kA svarUpa yogasAraprAbhRta meM AcArya amitagati AtmA aura paramAtmA ke tAdAtmya ko svIkAra karate hue likhate haiM ki ghAtIkarmoM kA kSaya karane se AtmA kA jo zuddha svarUpa prakaTa hotA hai use paramAtmA kahA jAtA hai / " jaise sUryodaya hote hI rAtri kA ghora andhakAra 107 102 (niSkalaH karaNAtIto nirvikalpo niraMjanaH / anantavIryatApanno nityAnandAbhinanditaH / / 73 / / ' 103 'parameSTI paraMjyotiH parapUrNaH sanAtanaH / saMsArasAgarottIrNaH kRtakRtyo 'calasthitiH / / 74 / / ' (ka) 'carasthirArthasampUrNe mRgyamANaM jagattraye / upamAnopameyatvaM manye svasyaiva sa svayam / / 76 / / ' (kha) 'yato'ntaguNAnAM syAdanantAMzo'pi kasyacit / 104 tato na zakyate kartuM tena sAmyaM jagattraye / / 77 / / ' 105 ' zakyate na yathA jJAtuM paryantaM vyomakAlayoH / tathA svabhAvajAtAnAM guNAnAM parameSThinaH / / 78 / ' (ka) ' trailokyatilakIbhUtaM niHzeSaviSayacyutam / 106 107 nirdvandvaM nityamatyakSaM svAdiSTaM svasvabhAvajam // 83 // (kha) 'niraupamyavicchinnaM sa devaH paramezvaraH / tatraivAste sthirIbhUtaHpiban jJAnasukhAmRtam / / 84 / / ' (ka) 'udeti kevalaM jIve moha - vighnAvRtikSaye / bhAnu bimbamivAkAze bhAsvaraM timirAtyaye / / 2 / / ' (kha) 'sAmAnyavad vizeSANAM svabhAvo jJeyabhAvataH / jJAyate sa ca vA sAkSAd vinA vijJAyate katham / / 13 / / ' ( ga ) 'sarvajJaH sarvadarzI ca tato jJAna svabhAvataH / nAsya jJAnasvabhAvatvamanyathA ghaTate sphuTam / / 14 / / ' 317 -vahI / -vahI | -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / - jJAnArNava sarga 42 / -vahI 1 - yogasAraprAbhRta 7 / -vahI / -vahI / Page #369 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 318 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA naSTa hotA hai, vaise hI kevalajJAnarUpI sUrya udaya hone se ajJAna rUpI andhakAra naSTa ho jAtA hai| ve paramAtmA sarvajJa, sarvadarzI kahalAte haiN| pUnaH ve deha meM sthita AtmA kA paramAtmA se tAdAtmya sthApita karate hue likhate haiM ki paramAtmA isI deha meM sthita hai|06 amitagati likhate haiM ki jisane karmagranthIrUpa durbheda parvata kA dhyAnarUpI tIkSNa vajra se chedana kara diyA hai, aisI paramAtmapada ko prApta AtmA usI prakAra ananta sukha ko prApta hotI hai, jisa prakAra roga se pIr3ita vyakti auSadhi se roga ke dUra ho jAne para yatheSTa Ananda ko prApta hotA hai| unake isa kathana kA tAtparya yaha hai ki yaha AtmA karmarUpI granthI kA bhedana karane para paramAtmasvarUpa ko prApta kara anantasukha meM lIna hotI hai|" aisI zuddhAtmA kevalajJAna rUpa cakSu se atIndriya padArthoM ko sAkSAta jAnakara tathA aSTa pratihAryoM se yukta hokara apanI amogha dezanA zakti se bhavya jIvoM ko mokSamArga meM niyojita karatI hai|12 kevalajJAnI AtmA ke jJAna meM kisI bhI prakAra kA pratibandha nahIM hone se vaha sabhI padArthoM ko binA bAdhA ke jAnatI hai aura isaliye use sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI bhI kahA gayA hai| Age ve siddhAtmA kA svarUpa batAte hue likhate haiM ki sarvajJa paramAtmA vedanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra Adi cAra aghAtI karmoM ko bhI zukladhyAna rUpI kuThAra se eka sAtha chedakara mukti ko prApta hote -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / 108 'caitanyamAtmano rUpaM tacca jJAnamayaM viduH / pratibandhaka-sAmarthyAnna svakArye pravartate / / 10 / ' 106 'jJAnI jJeye bhavatyajJo nAsati pratibandhake / pratibandhaM vinA vahnirna dAhye'dAhakaH kadA / / 11 / / ' 110 (ka) 'na moha prabhRti-cchedaH zuddhAtmAdhyAnato vinA / kulizena vinA yena bhUdharo bhidyate na hi / / 4 / / ' (kha) 'vibhinne sati durbhedkrm-grnthi-mhiidhre| tIkSNena dhyAna vajreNa bhUri-saMkleza-kAriNi / / 5 / / ' 111 'AnaMdo jAyate'tyantaM tAttviko'sya mahAtmanaH / auSadheneva savyAdheAdherabhibhave kRte / / 6 / / ' 112 (ka) 'sAkSAdatIndriyAnarthAn dRSTavA kevalacakSuSA / prakRSTa-puNya-sAmarthyAt prAtihAryasamanvitaH / / 7 / / ' (kha) 'avandhya-dezanaH zrImAn yathAbhavya-niyogataH / / mahAtmA kevalI kazcid dezanAyA pravartate / / 8 / / ' -vahI / -vhii| -vhii| -vahI / Page #370 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 316 haiN| muktAtmA samasta karmoM se rahita hotI hai aura apane jJAna-darzana svabhAva meM avasthita hotI hai|13 vaha taMraga rahita samudra ke samAna samasta rAgAdi vikalpoM se zUnya rahatI hai| ve paramAtmA sarvathA klezavarjita haiM, kRtyakRtya, niSkalaMka, nirAbAdha aura sadA Anandamaya svarUpa meM sthira rahate haiN| ve kaSAya Adi mala se rahita parama zuddha-buddha evaM niSkala haiM tathA atIndriya ananta sukhoM meM lIna haiN| isa prakAra AcArya amitagati ne dehastha AtmA kA paramAtmA se tAdAtmya sthApita karake arihanta aura siddha paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko abhivyakta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai|15 5.2.8 guNabhadra ke AtmAnuzAsanam meM paramAtmA kA svarUpa guNabhadra dvArA praNIta AtmAnuzAsanam ke TIkAkAra prabhAcandrAcArya haiN| ve paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko vyAkhyAyita karate hae likhate haiM ki AtmA antarAtmA se paramAtma avasthA ko prApta karatI hai, taba saMsAra ke kAraNabhUta viSayoM kA tyAga karake, bAhyadazA se virakta hokara vaha tapa-saMyama, anazana, Unodara evaM rasaparityAga Adi se karmoM kI nirjarA karatI huI ghAtI karmoM ko kSaya karake Arhantya avasthA ko upalabdha karatI hai, taba usa AtmA ko sakala paramAtmA -yogasAraprAbhRta 7.. 114 -vhii| -vahI / 13 (ka) 'vaidyAyurnAma-gotrANi yogapadyena kevlii| . zukladhyAna-kuThAreNa chitvA gacchati nirvRtim / / 14 / / ' (kha) 'karmaiva bhidyate nAsya zukla-dhyAna- niyogataH / nAsau vidhiyate kasya nedaM vacanamaMcitam / / 16 / / ' 'kutarke'bhinivezo'to na yukto mukti- kAkSiNAm / Atmatattve punaryuktaH siddhisaudha-pravezake / / 53 / / ' (kha) 'viviktamiti cetanaM parama zuddha-buddhAzayAH vicintya satatAdRtA bhavaMmapAsya duHkhAspadam / nirantamapunarbhavaM sukhamatIndriyaM svAtmajaM / sametya hatakalmaSaM nirUpamaM sadaivAsate / / 54 / / ' 'nirastApara saMyogaHsva-svabhAva-vyavasthitaH / sarvotsukyavinirmuktaH stimitodadhi-saMnibhaH / / 28 / / ' (kha) 'ekAnta-kSINa-saMklezo niSThitArtho niraMjanaH / nirAbAdhaHsadAnando muktAvAtmAvatiSThate / / 26 / / ' -vahI / 115 (ka) -vahI / -vhii| Page #371 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kahA jAtA hai / Age ve likhate haiM ki vaha AtmA zeSa aghAtiyA karmoM kA kSaya karake sakala paramAtmA (siddha paramAtmA) kahalAtI hai / paramAtmA anantakAla se gulAma banAne vAlI isa deha ke mamatva se virakta rahate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki "he sAdhaka ! tU paramAtma avasthA ko upalabdha karake kevalajJAna svarUpa se yukta hokara nija-svasvarUpa se suzobhita hokara sukhI ho jaa|" isa prakAra paramAtmA avyAbAdha sukhAnubhUti meM lIna rahate haiN| AtmAnuzAsanam meM bhI arhata paramAtmA aura siddha paramAtmA ye do bheda svIkAra kiye gaye haiM / 116 320 5.2.6 hemacandra ke yogazAstra ke anusAra paramAtmA kA svarUpa yogazAstra hemacandrAcArya dvArA racita hai / ve navama prakAza meM paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko vyAkhyAyita karate hue likhate haiM ki paramAtmA ke do prakAra haiM : 1. arihanta paramAtmA; aura 2. siddha paramAtmA / arihanta paramAtmA samavasaraNa meM sthita sarva atizayoM se yukta evaM kevalajJAna se suzobhita hote haiM / rAga-dveSa, moha-ajJAna Adi vikAroM se rahita hote haiM / ve zAnta, kAnta, manohara Adi samasta prazAnta lakSaNoM se yukta haiM / rUpasthadhyAna kA abhyAsa karane para AtmA ko tanmayatA upalabdha hote hI vaha AtmA spaSTa rUpa se sarvajJa paramAtmA ke samAna svayaM ko jAnatI hai / " jo sarvajJa bhagavAna haiM, nisandeha vahI maiM huuN|" isa prakAra sarvajJa paramAtmA meM tanmayatA ho jAne para AtmA paramAtmadazA ko upalabdha karatI hai|7 vItarAga kA dhyAna karanevAlI AtmA svayaM vItarAgadazA ko upalabdha karatI hai / AtmA vItarAga paramAtmA hokara karmoM yA vAsanAoM se mukta ho jAtI hai| ve Age likhate haiM ki jaise sphaTika ratna ke pAsa jisa I 116 'AtmAnnAvilopanAtmacaritairAsArdurAtmA ciraM / svAtmA syAH sakalAtmanIna caritairAtmI kRtairAtmanaH / / AtmetyAM paramAtmatAM pratipatan pratyAtmavidhAtmakaH / svAtmotthAtmasukho niSIdasi lasananadhyAtmamadhyAtmanA / / 163 / / ' -AtmAnuzAsanam saMskRtaTIkA / 117 yogazAstra 6 / 1-12 / Page #372 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 321 raMga kI vastu rakha dI jAtI hai, vaha vaha vaisI hI pratIta hotA hai| usI prakAra hamArI AtmA bhI sphaTika ratna ke samAna nirmala hai| AtmA jisa bhAva kA Alambana grahaNa karatI hai, usa bhAva kI tanmayatA vAlI bana jAtI hai|"8 siddha paramAtmA amUrta (zarIra rahita) nirAkAra, cidAnanda svarUpa aura niraMjana hote haiN| ve Age likhate haiM ki siddha paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA Alambana lekara unakA satat dhyAna karane vAlI AtmA grAhya-grAhyaka bhAva arthAt dhyeya aura dhyAtA ke bhAva se rahita siddha svarUpa ko prApta karatI hai|" hemacandrAcArya yogazAstra meM Age kahate haiM ki piNDastha, padastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta ina cAroM prakAra ke dhyAnAmRta meM nimagna AtmA AtmAnubhava karake svayaM kI vizuddhi karatI hai| sarvajJa paramAtmA ke vacana aise sUkSmasparzI hote haiM ki ve kisI hetu yA yukti se khaNDita nahIM hote|20 siddha paramAtmA kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana se yukta evaM sarva karmoM se mukta hote haiN| ve sAdi ananta, anupama, avyAbAdha aura svAbhAvika rUpa se paidA hone vAle Atmikasukha ko prApta kara usI meM nimagna rahate haiN|21 5.2.10 banArasIdAsajI ke anusAra paramAtmA kA svarUpa banArasIdAsajI samayasAra nATaka ke sarvavizuddhi dvAra meM paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA vivecana karate hue likhate haiM ki nizcayanaya se yaha dRSTigocara hotA hai ki ve paramAtmA nija-svabhAva meM nimagna parama prakAza rUpa haiM aura jisameM lokAloka ke chaH dravyoM ke bhUta, bhaviSya, vartamAna, trikAlavartI anantaguNa paryAyeM pratibhAsita hotI haiN| isa paramAtmadazA ko prApta AtmA viSaya vikAroM se virakta rahatI 18 vahI 6/13-14 / 16 vahI 10/1-4 / 120 vahI 10/5-16 / 121 vahI 11/61 / Page #373 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 322 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA hai|22 vaha vastusvarUpa kA nirNaya karake vibhAva paryAya kA tyAgakara svasvabhAva meM hI sthita rahatI hai|23 ve paramAtmA kaise hai? isa prazna kA uttara dete hue banArasIdAsajI likhate haiM ki paramAtmA caitanya lakSaNa yukta haiM; apane nitya svabhAva ke svAmI haiM; jJAnAdi guNaratnoM kI khAnarUpa haiM; karmarUpa rogoM kA kSaya karane vAle haiM; zarIrAdi pudgaloM se pRthak haiM; jJAnadarzana rUpa mokSamArga ke prakAzaka haiM; 'sva' aura 'para' tattva ke jJAtA haiM, saMsAra se nirlipta haiM aura mana, vacana aura kAyA ke trividha yogoM se mamatva rahita haiM arthAt yogoM se rahita hokara jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM ke kartA aura bhogoM ke bhoktA bhI 122 'nihacai nihArata subhAva yAni AtamAko, AtamIka dharama parama parakAsanA / atIta anAgata baratamAna kAla jAkau, kevala svarUpa guna lokAloka bhAsanA / / soI jIva saMsAra avasthA mAMhi karamako, karatAsau dIsai lIeM bharama upAsanA / yaha mahAmohakau pasAra yahai mithyAcAra / yaha bhI vikAra yaha vivahAra vAsanA / / 5 // ' 123 'jagavAsI agyAnI trikAla parajAi buddhI / so tau viSai bheganiko bhogatA kahAyau hai / samakitI jIva joga bhogasauM udAsI taateN| sahaja abhogatA garaMthanimai gAyo hai / / yAhI bhAMti vastu kI vyavasthA avadhAri budha, parabhAu tyAgi apanI subhAu Ayau hai / niravikalapa nirUpAdhi Atama arAdhi, sAdhi joga jugati samAdhi maiM samAyau hai / / 7 // -samayasAra nATaka (sarvavizuddhidvAra) / - vhii| Page #374 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 323 nahIM haiN|24 ve paramAtmA jhUThe vikalpoM se rahita haiN| ve nirvikalpa avasthA meM avasthita rahate haiN| ve paramAtmA zuddha AtmA ke anubhava kA abhyAsa karake26 mukti kA nATaka khelate haiM aura muktimArga para ArUr3ha hokara pUrNasvabhAva kI prApti kara kevalajJAna ko upalabdha karate haiN| ve sadaiva utkRSTa atIndriya sukhAnubhUti meM 124 (ka) 'cinamudrAdhArI dhruva dharmaadhikArI guna, ratana bhaMDArI apahArI karma roga kI / pyArau paMDitana ko husyArau mokSa-mAraga maiM, nyAro pudgala sauM ujyArau upayogakau / / jAnai nija para tatta rahai jaga meM viratta, gahai na mamatta mana vaca kAya jagako / tA kArana gyAnI gyAnAvaranAdi karama ko, karatA na hoi bhogatA na hoi bhogako ||caa' -vahI / (kha) 'nirabhilASa karanI karai, bhoga arUci ghaTa mAMhi / tAte sAdhaka siddhasama, karatA bhugatA nAMhi / / 6 / / -vahI / 125 'jyauM hiya aMdha vikala mithyAta ghara, maSA sakala vikalpa upajAvata / gahi ekaMta pakSa Atama kau, karatA mAni adhomukha dhAvata / / tyauM jinamatI darabacAritrI kara, kara karanI karatAra kahAvata / vaMchita mukati tathApi mUDhamati, vina samakita bhava pAra na pAvata / / 10 / / ' -vahI / 26 (ka) 'rAga virodha udai jabalauM tabalauM yaha jIva mRSA maga dhAvai / gyAna jagyau jaba cetana ko taba, karma dasA para rUpa kahAvai / / karma vilechi karai anubhau tahAM, moha mithyAta pravesa na pAvai / moha gaye upajai sukha kevala, siddha bhayau jagamAMhi na Avai / / 56 / / ' -samayasAra nATaka (sarvavizuddhidvAra) / (kha) 'jIva karama saMjoga sahaja mithyAtarUpa dhara, rAga doSa paranati, jAnai na Apa para / tama mithyAta miTi gayau, huvo samakita utata sasi / rAga doSa kachu vastu nAMhi china mAMhi gaye nasi / / anubhau abhyAsa sukha rAsi rami, bhayau nipuna tArana tarana / pUrana prakAza nihacala nirakhi, banArasi vaMdana carana / / 60 / / ' -vahI / 126 Page #375 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 324 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA nimagna rahate haiN|127 ve paramAtmA nirbhaya, Anandamaya, sarvotkRSTa jJAnarUpa haiN| unake jJAnarUpa prakAza meM trailokya prakAzita hotA hai| unakI mahimA nirAlI hai| ve dehAtIta haiM; parigraha se rahita haiM aura jJAnasvarUpa caitanyapiNDa aura avinAzI hote haiN|28 paramAtmA kA nirmala pUrNa jJAna AgAmI anantakAla taka aisA hI rhegaa|26 una paramAtmA kI AtmA zuddha AtmA meM sthira rahakara AtmIya Ananda 127 'jo pUravakRtakarama virakha viSa-phala nahIM bhuMjai / joga jugati kArija karaMti, mamatA na prayuMjai / / rAga virodha nirodhi, saMga vikalapa saba chNddi| suddhAtama anubhau abhyAsi, siva nATaka maMDai / / jo gyAnavaMta ihi maga calata, pUrana hai kevala lahai / so parama atIndriya sukha viSai, magana rUpa saMtata rahai / / 106 / / ' -vhii| 128 'nirabhai nirAkula nigama veda nirabheda, jAke paragAsamaiM jagata mAiyatu hai| rUpa rasa gaMdha phAsa pudgala kau vilAsa, . tAsau udvAsa jAkau jasa gAiyatu hai / / vigrahasau virata parigrahasau nyArau sadA, jAmaiM joga nigraha cihna pAiyatu hai| so he gyAna paravAna cetana nidhAna tAhi,avinAsI IsajAni sIsa nAiyatu hai|| 107 / / ' -vahI / 126 (ka) 'jaiso nirabhedarUpa nihacai atIta hutau, taisau nirabheda aba bheda kauna kahaigo / dIsai karma rahita sahita sukha samAdhAna, pAyau nijasthAna phira bAhari na bahaigo / / kabahUM kadAci apanau sabhAva tyAgi kari, rAga rasa rAci maiM na para vastu gahegau amalAna gyAna vidyamAna paragaTa bhayau, yAhI bhAMti Agama ananta kAla rahaigo / / 108 / / ' -vahI ! (kha) 'jo pUravakRta karamaphala, rUci sauM bhuMjai nAMhi / magana rahai AThauM pahara, suddhAtama pada mAMhi / / 104 / / ' (ga) 'so budha karamadasA rahita pAvai mokha turaMta / bhuMjai parama samAdhi sukha, Agama kAla ananta / / 105 / / ' -vahI / -vahI / Page #376 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 325 kI amRtadhArA barasAtI hai|30 banArasIdAsajI Age likhate haiM ki una paramAtmA ke AtmadarpaNa yA jJAna meM jagat ke ve samasta padArtha jhalakate hai,31 jo Anandamaya jJAnacetanA se prakAzita haiM aura saMkalpa-vikalpa se rahita haiM; svayaMbuddha haiM; acala haiM aura akhaNDita haiM; avyAbAdha sukhAdi ananta guNoM se paripUrNa haiM; parama vItarAga haiM; indriyoM se agocara kintu jJAnagocara haiM; janma-mRtyu, kSudhA-tRSA Adi se rahita nirAbAdha haiM aura sukha ke dhAraka haiN| vahI paramAtmA dhyAna karane yogya haiN|32 5.2.11 AnandaghanajI ke anusAra paramAtmA kA svarUpa jaina sAhityakAroM meM AnandaghanajI kA mUrdhanya sthAna hai| paramAtmA kise kahate haiM? paramAtmA kA svarUpa kyA hai? ise 130 'joi driga gyAna caranAtamamaiM baiThi Thaura, bhayau niradaura para vastukauM na parasai / suddhatA vicArai dhyAvai, suddhatA meM keli karai, suddhatA maiM thira hai amRta-dhArA barasai / / tyAgi tana kaSTa vai sapaSTa aSTa karama ko, kari thAna bhraSTa naSTa karai aura karasai / so tau vikalapa vijaI alapa kAla mAMhi, tyAgi bhau vithAna niravAna pada parasai / / 116 / / ' -samayasAra nATaka (sarvavizuddhidvAra) / 131 'koU kudhI kahai gyAna mAMhi jJeyakau akAra, pratibhAsi rahayau hai kalaMka tAhi thoiyai / jaba dhyAna jalasau paravArikai dhavala kIjai, taba nirAkAra suddha jJAnamaya hoiyai / / tAsauM syAdavAdI kahai gyAnako subhAva yahai, jJeyako akAra vastu mAMhi kahAM khoiyai / jaise nAnArUpa pratibimba kI jhalaka dIkhe, jadyapi tathApi ArasI vimala joiyai / / 16 / / -vhii| 2 (ka) 'jagata cakSu AnaMdamaya, gyAna cetanAbhAsa, niravikalpa sAsuta sudhira, kIjai anubhau tAsa / / 127 / / ' -vhii| (kha) 'acala akhaMDita gyAnamaya, pUrana vIta mmtv| gyAna gamya bAdhA rahita, so hai Atama tatva / / 128 / / ' -vahIM / Page #377 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA , 133 vyAkhyAyita karate hue AnandaghanajI likhate haiM : 'jJAnAnaMde ho pUraNa pAvanoM varjita sakala upAdhi - sujJAnI, atIndriya guNa - maNi AgarU ima paramAtmasAdha / ' arthAt ve paramAtmA anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasaukhya, anantavIryAdi anantacatuSTaya se paripUrNa evaM parama pavitra haiN| ve karmajanya samasta Adhi, vyAdhi aura upAdhi se mukta haiM / jo atIndriya guNarUpa maNiyoM ke bhaNDAra haiM ve hI paramAtmA sAdhya haiM / aise paramAtmapada kI prApti kA upAya batAte hue zrI AnandaghanajI kahate haiM ki 326 'bahirAtma taji antara AtamA, rUpa thaI dhira bhAva sujJAnI / paramAtmanuM ho Atama bhAva, Atama arapaNa dAva sujJAnI / / ' 134 arthAt AtmasamarpaNa hI vAstava meM paramAtma-prApti kA sarvazreSTha upAya hai| sAdhaka pahale bahirAtmadazA kA parityAga karake aura antarAtmA arthAt apane zuddha svarUpa meM sthita rahakara paramAtmasvarUpa kA dhyAna kare aura usI kA cintana kre| dUsare zabdoM meM bahirmukhatA kA tyAga kara apane antaHkaraNa meM paramAtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra kare / yahI paramAtmadazA kI prApti kA anupama upAya hai I AnandaghanajI paramAtmA ke kevalajJAnamaya svarUpa kA vivecana karate hue likhate haiM ki : 'AtamajJAnI zramaNa kahAve, bIjA to dravyaliMgI re / vastu-gate je vastu prakAze, Anandaghana mata saMgIre / / ' 135 arthAt paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko zabdoM meM samajha lene mAtra se koI AtmajJAnI nahIM hotA, apitu AtmAnubhUti se hotA hai / jaise prakAza kSetra kI sImA meM rahe hue sabhI padArtha jyoM ke tyoM prakaTa hote haiM; vaise hI kevalajJAna ke prakAza meM sarvajJa ko sabhI 133 zrI sumatijina stavana gAthA 5/4 / 134 vahI gAthA 5/5 / 135 zrI vAsupUjyajina stavana gAthA 6 / - Anandaghana caubIsI / - Anandaghana caubIsI / Page #378 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 327 rUpI-arUpI padArthoM kA indriyoM kI sahAyatA ke binA jJAna hotA hai| kintu AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA bodha kevalajJAna kA AdhAra hai| kyoMki isake avalambana se hI kevalajJAnamaya paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| - Age AnandaghanajI sAdhaka ko sAvadhAna karate hue aura jIvana kI nazvaratA kA paricaya dete hue likhate haiM : 'kyA sovai uThi jAga bAu re| aMjali jala jyUM Au ghaTatu hai, deta pahariyA dhAri dhAu re| indra, caMdra, nAgiMda, muniMda cale, kauna rAjA patisAha rAu re| bhramata-bhramata bhava jaladhi pAI te, bhagavanta bhagati subhAva nAu re| kahA vilamba karai aba baure, tari bhavajala-nidhi pAra pAu re| Anandadhana cetanamaya murati suddha niraMjanadeva dhyAu re|36 arthAt are mUr3ha! moha-nidrA meM kyoM so rahA hai? yadi jIvana meM kucha pAnA ho to moha-nidrA se jAgrata ho| samaya tere hAthoM se phisala rahA hai| jisa prakAra aMjali meM sthita jala eka-eka banda karake rikta ho jAtA hai, vaise hI Ayu bhI kSaNa-kSaNa meM kSINa hotI hai| jaise pratihArI ghaNTA bajAkara sAvadhAna karatA hai ki jo ghar3I bIta gaI hai vaha punaH lauTakara nahIM Ane vAlI hai| isa saMsAra se indra, munIndra, yogIndra, tIrthaMkara Adi sabhI ko vidA honA par3atA hai| to phira rAjA, samrATa aura cakravartI kI kyA bisAta? jaba sabhI mahApuruSa isa duniyA se cala base to phira tere jIvana kA kyA bharosA hai? bhavarUpI samudra meM bhramaNa karate-karate anamola prabala puNyodaya se manuSya janma milA aura paramAtma bhaktirUpa sahaja naukA hAtha laga gaI hai to aba tanika bhI vilamba mata kr| viSaya-vAsanA rUpa sAgara se pAra ho jaa| AnandaghanajI kahate haiM ki : "he sAdhaka! kevala caitanya svarUpa usa zuddha-buddha tathA niraMjana REFEREFERE 136 Anandaghana granthAvalI pada 1 / Page #379 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 328 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA paramAtmA kA dhyAna kara arthAta tu paramAtmapada'37 ko prApta kr|" AtmAnubhUti ke dvArA Anandamaya zuddha niraMjana paramAtmA ko prApta karane ke lie kahA gayA hai| AnandaghanajI ne zrI pArzva jina-stavana meM paramAtmA ke vibhinna guNavAcaka nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki ve paramAtmA zAnta, sudhArasa ke samudra ke samAna haiN| unheM bhavasAgara meM setu ke samAna bhI kahA gayA hai, kyoMki usake sahAre hI prANI saMsAra-samudra se pAra hote haiN| ve sAta prakAra ke mahAmadoM se rahita haiN| mana, vacana aura karma se sadaiva sAvadhAna aura apramatta haiN| unake aneka nAma haiM, yathA : ziva, zaMkara, jagadIzvara, cidAnanda, bhagavAna, jina, arhata, tIrthaMkara, arUpI, niraMjana, jagavatsala, sabhI prANiyoM ke Azrayasthala, abhayadAna ke dAtA, vItarAga, nirvikalpa, rati-arati-bhaya-zoka Adi se rahita; nidrA, tandrA aura durdazA se abAdhita; parama puruSa, paramAtmA, paramezvara, parameSTi, paramadeva, vizvambhara, RSikeza, jagannAtha, aghahara, aghamocana aadi| uparyukta samasta nAma vastutaH unake guNoM ko prakaTa karane ke liye hI unheM diye gae haiN|38 5.2.12 devacandrajI ke anusAra paramAtmA kA svarUpa devacandrajI paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko vyAkhyAyita karate hue RSabhajina stavana meM likhate haiM ki paramAtmA zuddha-buddha, niraMjana, nirAkAra haiN| ve rAga-dveSa rUpI karma-zatruoM se rahita haiN| zuddha-AtmA meM paramAtmarUpa jyoti prakaTa hotI hai| ve paramAtmA avyAbAdha, ananta, anazvara aura sukhoM meM lIna haiN|28 devacandrajI paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA vivecana karate hue sumatijina stavana meM kahate haiM ki paramAtmA svaguNa aura svaparyAya meM hI ramaNa karate haiN| phira bhI unameM bhogya aura bhogI - aise dveta kA abhAva hai, kyoMki svaguNa aura svaparyAya kA AtmA se abhAva rahA huA hai| ataH 137 Anandaghana granthAvalI (sumatijina stavana gAthA 3) / 138 Anandaghana granthAvalI (supArzvajina stavana gAthA 1) / 136 RSabhajina stavana 1/3-4 / -Anandaghana caubIsI / -Anandaghana caubIsI / -devacandrajI / Page #380 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 326 paramAtmA meM bhogya aura bhoktAbhAva ghaTita nahIM hotA hai|140 punaH devacandrajI paramAtmA ko akAmI kahate haiM, kyoMki unameM kAmanAoM kA abhAva hai| ve sadaiva svabhAvadazA meM hI rahate haiM - vibhAvadazA meM nahIM rahate haiN| isalie paramAtmA meM kArya/kAraNa bhAva bhI ghaTita nahIM hotaa| ve sarvajJa haiN| sabhI tatvoM ko jAnate hue bhI ve apanI niSThA bhAvanA ke kAraNa unakA vedana nahIM krte| ve svasvabhAva kA bhoga karate hue bhI bhogI nahIM haiM, kyoMki unameM bhogAkA~kSA kA abhAva hai| ve ayogI hai phira bhI upayogI haiM, kyoMki jIva unase preraNA prApta karake mokSa-mArga kI sAdhanA karate haiN|72 paramAtmA ananta zakti ke puMja haiN| phira bhI ve usa zakti kA prayoga nahIM karate haiM; isaliye ve aprayogI haiN| ananta aizvarya sampanna hokara bhI ve para-padArthoM ke svAmI nahIM haiM, kyoMki ve para-padArtha ko grahaNa hI nahIM krte|73 AtmA aura paramAtmA ke abheda ko batAte hue suvidhijina stavana meM ve likhate haiM ki dravya kI apekSA se AtmAe~ paramAtmasvarUpa hI haiN| jo apane zuddha svarUpa ko jAna letA hai, 'sva' sampadA ko pahacAna letA hai; vahI paramAtmasvarUpa ko prApta kara letA hai|44 ve zItalajina stavana meM likhate haiM ki paramAtmA pUrNa rUpeNa nirmala aura anantacatuSTaya se yukta haiN| phira bhI paramAtmA kA yaha svarUpa jJAna ke binA samajhanA kaThina hai| paramAtmA ke kevalajJAna ke svarUpa kA vivecana karate hue ve isI zItalajina stavana meM likhate haiM ki dravyoM kI apekSA se bhI unake guNa aura paryAya bhI ananta hai| una ananta dravyoM ke ananta guNoM aura paryAyoM ke vargaphala kI apekSA bhI unakA jJAna ananta hai| isI prakAra unakA kevaladarzana bhI ananta hai|5 anta meM isI zItalajina stavana meM ve paramAtmA ko vacanAtIta kahate hue unakI anirvacanIyatA ko bhI spaSTa karate haiM; kyoMki paramAtmA ke guNoM ko 140 sumatijina stavana 5/1 / 141 vahI 5/2 / 142 sumatijina stavana 5/3 / 143 vahI 5/5 / 144 vahI 6/6) / 145 zItalajina stavana 10/1 / -vhii| -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vhii| -devacandrajI / Page #381 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 330 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA zabdoM kI sImA meM bAndhakara prakaTa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa|46 vAsupUjyajina stavana meM unhoMne paramAtmA ke atizayoM ko bhI prakaTa kiyA hai - apAyApagamAtizaya, jJAnAtizaya, pUjAtizaya aura vcnaatishy|47 ve likhate haiM ki darzana, jJAnAdi AtmA ke hI guNa haiN| paramAtmA unakI prabhutA ko prApta karate haiM evaM unhIM meM lIna rahate haiN| ve zuddha svarUpa meM tanmaya hokara AsvAda lete haiN| ve akartA hokara bhI unakI sevA se sevakoM ko siddhi pradAna karate haiN| ve svadhana ko diye binA hI apane AzritoM ko akSaya Rddhi pradAna karate haiN| isI vAsupUjyajina stavana ke anta meM devacandrajI likhate haiM ki paramAtmA kI pUjA apanI hI pUjA hai| usake dvArA ananta zakti kA prakaTana aura paramAnanda kA anubhava hotA hai| isa prakAra zrImad devacandrajI ne apane caturviMzatijina stavanoM meM sthAna-sthAna para paramAtmA kA vivecana kiyA hai aura isa vivecana ke mAdhyama se sAdhakoM ko paramAtmasvarUpa prApta karane kA nirdeza bhI diyA hai| 5.2.13 zrImad rAjacandrajI ke anusAra paramAtmA ____zrImad rAjacandrajI 'apUrva avasara' meM paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA vivecana karate hue likhate haiM ki paramAtmadazA ko prApta karane ke lie svayambhUramaNa ke samAna mohanIyakarma ko samApta karanA Avazyaka hai| jo sAdhaka athaka puruSArtha ke dvArA mohanIyakarma ko kSaya karate hue AThaveM, naveM evaM dasaveM guNasthAna meM cAritramohanIya kA kSaya karatA hai, usakA jIva kSINamoha nAmaka bArahaveM guNasthAna meM AtA hai, kyoMki kSapaka zreNIvAlA sAdhaka gyArahaveM guNasthAna kA sparza nahIM krtaa| jaba bArahaveM guNasthAna ke anta meM jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya karma kA bhI kSaya ho jAtA hai, taba sampUrNa vItarAgatA ke sAtha kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana, anantasukhAdi, 146 vahI 10/6 / 147 148 vAsupUjyajina stavana 12/3 / vahI 12/4 / vahI 12/4-5 / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / -vahI / 14E Page #382 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 331 jo AtmA ke hI svabhAva haiM, ve svataH hI prakaTa hote haiN|50 jaise svarNa para se raja haTane para vaha camakatA hai, vaise hI mohanIya Adi ghAtIkoM ke kSaya ho jAne para kundana ke samAna AtmA kA zuddha svarUpa prakaTa hotA hai| ve Age likhate haiM ki paramAtmA moha rahita vItarAga dazA ko prApta haiN| ve tIna loka evaM samasta vyApAra ko dekhane-jAnane vAle hone para bhI svAbhAvika rUpa se unakI zuddha pariNati banI rahatI hai| jaise darpaNa meM sabhI pratibimbita hotA hai kintu vaha usase aprabhAvita rahatA hai, vaise hI unheM kucha karanA zeSa nahIM rhtaa| phira bhI unameM anantavIrya arthAt anantazakti prakaTa rUpa meM rahatI zrImad rAjacandrajI paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko abhivyakta karate hue panaH likhate haiM ki sAdhaka AtmA ke cAra karma kSINa hone para vedanIyAdi cAra karma zeSa rahate haiN| ve karma jalI huI rassI ke sadR za haiM - jaise vaha rassI rUpa dikhatI hai, kintu rAkha rUpa hone se bandhana meM samartha nahIM hotii| jaba taka AyuSyakarma hai taba taka arahanta paramAtmA ko deha meM rahanA par3atA hai, kintu AyuSyakarma ke samApta hote hI siddha dazA prakaTa hotI hai| isI deha meM rahane para bhI unakI dazA to pUrNa rUpa se dehAtIta hotI hai| deharahita hone para ve siddhAvasthA ko prApta karate haiM, taba ve siddha paramAtmA - 150 'moha svayaMbhUramaNa samudra tarI karI, sthiti tyAM jyAM kSINamohaguNasthAna jo; aMta samaya tyAM pUrNasvarUpa vItarAga thaI, pragaTA, nija kevalajJAna nidhAna jo / / 14 / / ' 'cAra karma ghanaghAti te vyavaccheda jyAM, bhavanAM bIja taNo AtyaMtika nASa jo; sarva bhAva jJAtA-dRSTA saha zuddhatA, kRtyakRtya prabhuvIrya ananta prakAza jo / / 15 / / ' -apUrvaavasara / -apUrvaavasara / Page #383 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 332 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kahalAte haiN|52 zrImad rAjacandrajI likhate haiM ki vItarAga avasthA meM mana, vacana aura kAyA ke yoga ke kAraNa eka samaya kI sthiti vAle sAtAvedanIyakarma kA grahaNa hotA hai| vaha bhI AyuSyakarma kI antima ghar3I arthAt ayogI guNasthAna meM chUTa jAtA hai|53 zrImad rAmacandrajI Age likhate haiM ki jinake karmarUpI maila evaM yoga kI caMcalatA naSTa ho gaI hai, ve paramAtmA zuddha, buddha, niraMjana, nirAkAra evaM caitanyamUrti rUpa meM sthita rahate haiN| ve paramAtmA agurUlaghu, amUrta evaM sahaja svarUpI haiN| yaha paramAtmadazA caudahaveM guNasthAna ke antima samaya meM hotI hai|54 taba arahanta paramAtmA pUrvaprayogAdi kAraNoM se urdhvagati karate haiM aura siddhAlaya meM sthita ho jAte haiN| ve paramAtmA sAdi ananta anantasamAdhi sukha meM lIna hote hue anantadarzana evaM anantajJAna se yukta hote haiN|55 5.3 tIrthaMkara kA svarUpa jaina dharma meM tIrthaMkara ko dharmatIrtha kA saMsthApaka mAnA jAtA hai| unheM dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA karane vAlA dharma kA pradAtA, dharma kA -vahI / 153 152 'vedanIyAdi cAra karma varte jahA~, balI sIMdarIvat AkRtimAtra jo; te dehAyuSa AdhIna jenI sthiti che, AyuSa pUrNe maTiye daihika pAtra jo / / 16 / / ' 'mana vacana kAyA ne karmanI vargaNA, chUTe jahA sakala pudgala saMbaMdha jo; evaM ayogI guNasthAnaka tyAM vartatuM, mahAbhAgya sukhadAyaka pUrNa abaMdha jo / / 17 / / ' 'eka paramANu mAtranI male na sparzatA, pUrNa kalaMkarahita aDola svarUpa jo; zuddha niraMjana caitanyamUrti ananyamaya, agurUlaghu amUrta sahaja pada rUpa jo / / 18 / ' 'pUrvaprayogAdi kAraNanA yogathI, urdhvagamana siddhAlaya prApta susthita jo; sAdi ananta ananta samAdhi sukhamAM, anantadarzana jJAna ananta sahita jo / / 26 / -vahI / 154 -vhii| 155 -vhii| Page #384 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 333 upadezaka, dharma kA netA, dharma mArga kA sArathI aura dharma cakravartI kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra tIrthaMkara dharmatIrtha kA pravartaka aura usake saMrakSaka tathA saMvardhaka hote hai| yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki hindU paramparA ke avatAra ke samAna jaina dharma meM bhI tIrthaMkara ko bhI dharma kA pravartaka kahA gayA hai| kintu donoM meM mukhya antara yaha hai ki jahA~ avatAra dharma ke pravartana ke sAtha apane bhaktoM ke kaSToM ko dUra karane ke liye duSToM kA damana bhI karate haiM; jabaki tIrthaMkara svayaM satya kA sAkSAtkAra karake dharma mArga kI sthApanA karate haiN| duSToM kA damana aura sajjanoM kI rakSA tIrthaMkara kA dAyitva nahIM hai| isa prakAra tIrthaMkara aura avatAra ke kArya meM yaha mahatvapUrNa antara hai| dUsarA antara yaha hai ki jahA~ tIrthaMkara AtmasAdhanA ke dvArA apanA AdhyAtmika vikAsa karate hue tIrthaMkara pada ko prApta karate hai; vahA~ avatAra paramAtmA kA avataraNa hai| avatAra meM paramAtmA hI bAra-bAra lokamaMgala ke lie janma grahaNa karate haiM, jabaki tIrthaMkara AtmapUrNatA ko prApta kara apane nirvANa ke pazcAt siddha avasthA ko prApta kara lete haiN| unakA punarjanma nahIM hotA hai| pratyeka avatAra kI vahI AtmA hai, jabaki pratyeka tIrthaMkara kI bhinna-bhinna AtmA hai| isa prakAra tIrthaMkara kI avadhAraNA avatAravAda kI avadhAraNA se nitAnta bhinna hai| avatAra kI avadhAraNA Izvara ke avataraNa kI avadhAraNA hai, jabaki tIrthaMkara kI avadhAraNA utaraMga kI avadhAraNA hai| utAravAda meM mAnava apane vikArI jIvana se Upara uThakara paramAtmatatva ko prApta karatA hai, jabaki avatAra kI avadhAraNA meM paramAtmA hI manuSya yA anya kisI rUpa meM avatarita hote hai| avatAra meM paramAtmA Upara se nIce Ate hai jabaki tIrthaMkara nIce se Upara kI aura jAkara paramAtmatatva ko prApta karate haiN| tIrthaMkaratva kI prApti eka vikAsa kI prakriyA hai, jabaki avatAra kI avadhAraNA avataraNa kI prakriyA hai| isa prakAra tIrthaMkara aura avatAra kA mUlabhUta prayojana dharma kI saMsthA para eka hote hue bhI donoM ke svarUpa meM antara hai| 5.4 atizaya jainAcAryoM ke anusAra tIrthaMkaroM ke cAra atizayoM kA ullekha Page #385 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 334 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA upalabdha hotA haiN| AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra tIrthaMkaroM ke nimna cAra atizaya hote haiM :156 1. jJAnAtizayaH 2. vacanAtizaya; 3. apAyApagamAtizaya; aura 4. puujaatishy| 1. jJAnAtizaya : kevalajJAna (sarvajJatA) kI prApti hI tIrthaMkara paramAtmA kA jJAnAtizaya svIkArA gayA hai| ve tIrthaMkara paramAtmA sarvajJa hone ke kAraNa bhUtakAlika, vartamAnakAlika tathA bhAvI paryAyoM ke jJAtA-ddaSTA arthAt trikAlajJa hote haiN| tIrthaMkara paramAtmA anantajJAnayukta hote haiN| ataH yahI unakA jJAnAtizaya kahalAtA hai| 2. vacanAtizaya : tIrthaMkara paramAtmA abAdhita aura akhaNDa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana karate haiN| yahI unakA vacanAtizaya mAnA gayA hai| isa vacanAtizaya ke 35 upavibhAga upalabdha hote haiN| 3. apAyApagamAtizaya : ve tIrthaMkara paramAtmA samasta maloM evaM doSoM se rahita hote haiN| ataH yahI unakA apAyApagamAtizaya kahA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara paramAtmA meM rAgadveSAdi 18 doSoM kA abhAva mAnA gayA hai| 4. pUjAtizaya : tIrthaMkara paramAtmA sura-narendroM dvArA pUjita hote haiN| yahI unakA pUjAtizaya mAnA gayA hai| jaina-paramparA tIrthaMkara paramAtmA ko deva-narendroM dvArA pUjyanIya svIkAra karatI hai| jainAcAryoM ne tIrthaMkara paramAtmA ke atizayoM ko prakAntara se tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| ve nimna haiM : 1.sahaja atizaya; 2.karmakSayaja atizaya; aura 3.devakRta atishy| uparyukta tIna atizayoM ke 34 uttarabheda kiye gae haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM sahaja atizaya ke cAra, karmakSaya atizaya ke gyAraha tathA devakRta atizaya ke unnIsa bheda svIkRta kiye gae hai| 1. sahaja atizaya : 1. suvarNI kAyA (sundara rupa), sugandhita, niroga, pasInA vaM mala rahita deha; 2. kamala ke sadRza sugandhita zvAsocchvAsa; 156 'anantavijJAnamatItadoSama bAdhyasiddhAMtamamartya pUjyam / / ' -anyayogavyavacchedikA 1 (hemacandra) / Page #386 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 335 3. gAya ke dugdha ke sadRza svaccha, durgandha rahita mAMsa evaM rUdhira; 4. carmacakSuoM se AhAra aura nIhAra kA na dikhnaa| 2. karmakSayaja atizaya : 1. yojanamAtra meM samavasaraNa meM kror3AkroDI sura-narendroM aura tiryaMcoM kA samA jAnA; .. 2. tIrthaMkara paramAtmA kI vANI eka yojana taka phailI rahatI hai| unakI vANI atizayayukta ardhamAgadhI hotI hai| ataH manuSya, tiryaMca tathA devatA sabhI apanI-apanI bhASA meM samajha jAte hai; 3. sUrya ke prakAza ke samAna prabhAmaNDala kA honA; 4. sau yojana taka roga kA nahIM honA; 5. vaira kA nahIM honA; 6. Iti arthAt dhAnyAdi ko nAza karane vAle cUhoM Adi kA abhAva; 7. mahAmArI Adi upadravoM kA nahIM honA; 8. ativRSTi na honA; 6. anAvRSTi na honA; 10. durbhikSa na par3anA; aura 11. svacakra aura paracakra kA bhaya na honaa| 3. devakRta atizaya : 1. AkAza meM dharmacakra kA honA; 2. AkAza meM camaroM kA honA; 3. AkAza meM pAdapITha sahita ujjvala siMhAsana 4. AkAza meM tIna chatra; 5. AkAza meM ratnamaya dharmadhvaja; 6. suvarNa kamaloM para calanA; 7. samavasaraNa meM ratna, suvarNa aura cA~dI ke tIna parakoTe; 8. cAroM dizAoM meM paramAtmA kA mukha dikhAI detA hai; 6. caityavRkSa; 10. kaNTakoM kA adhomukha ho jAnA; 11. vRkSoM kA jhuka jAnA; 12. dundubhi kA bajanA; 13. anukUla vAyu kA bahanA; 14. pakSiyoM kA pradakSiNA denA; 15. gandhodaka kI vRSTi honA; Page #387 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 336 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 16. pA~ca varNoM ke puSpoM kI vRSTi honA; 17. nakha aura kezoM kA nahIM bar3hanA; 18. kama se kama eka koTi devoM kA pAsa meM rahanA; aura 16. anukUla RtuoM kA honA / digambara paramparA meM 10 sahaja atizaya, 10 karmakSayaja atizaya tathA 14 devakRta atizaya aise 34 atizaya svIkAra kiye gae haiN| samavAyAMgasUtra meM buddha yA tIrthaMkara ke 34 atizaya (viziSTa guNa) upalabdha hote haiM / samavAyAMga ke TIkAkAra abhayadeva sUrI ne bhI buddha zabda kA artha tIrthaMkara kiyA hai| samavAyAMga kI sUcI meM uparyukta vividha vargIkaraNoM ke nimna upa prakAra samAhita haiM: 9. tIrthaMkaroM ke sira ke bAla, dAr3hI, mU~cha, roma va nakha bar3hate nahIM haiM, hamezA eka hI sthiti meM rahate haiM; 157 unakI deha hamezA roga tathA mala se rahita hotI hai; 2. 3. unakA mAMsa tathA khUna go dugdha sadRza zveta varNa kA hotA hai; unakA zvAsocchavAsa kamala ke samAna sugandhita hotA hai; unakA AhAra aura nihAra (mUtrapurISotsarga) dRSTigocara nahIM hotA; 4. 5. - 6. ve dharma cakra kA pravartana karate haiM; 7. unake Upara tIna chatra laTakate rahate haiM; unake donoM ora cAmara haiM; 8. 6. sphaTika ratna ke sadRza ratna siMhAsana hotA hai; 10. aneka laghupatAkA se otaprota indradhvaja Age calatA hai; 11. jahA~-jahA~ arihanta paramAtmA vicaraNa karate haiM, Thaharate haiM aura baiThate haiM, vahA~-vahA~ yakSadeva chatra, saghaTa, sapatAkA evaM patra - puSpoM se parivyApta azoka vRkSa kI saMracanA karate haiM; 12. paramAtmA ke mastaka ke pIche dazoM dizAoM ko prakAzita karane vAlA teja prabhAmaNDala hotA hai; 13. vahA~ kI bhUmi samatala tathA sundara ho jAtI hai; 14. kaNTaka adhomukha ho jAte haiM; 15. RtueM anukUla (sukhasparza) ho jAtI haiM; 16. eka yojana ke kSetra meM samavartaka vAyu se vAtAvaraNa kI zuddhi ho jAtI hai; 157 samavAyAMga TIkA, abhayadevasUri pR. 35 / Page #388 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 17. megha dvArA utpanna bindupAta se raja evaM reNu kA nAza ho jAtA Yan u 18. paMcavarNa sundara puSpa- samudAya prakaTa hotA hai; 16. paramAtmA ke samIpa kA pariveza aneka prakAra ke dhUpa aura dhueM se sugandhita ho jAtA hai arthAt amanojJa zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa aura gandha kA abhAva hotA hai; 20. paramAtmA ke donoM ora AbhUSaNoM se susajjita yakSa cAmara dulAte hai; 21. upadeza (dezanA) ke samaya arihanta bhagavAna ke mukha se eka yojana kA bhI ullaMghana karane vAlA hRdayaMgama svara nikalatA hai; 22. paramAtmA kI vANI ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM hotI hai; 23. paramAtmA kI vANI ko Arya, anArya, dvipada, catuSpada Adi sabhI prANI apanI bhASA meM samajha jAte haiM; 24. baddha-vairavAle deva, asura, nAga, suparNa, yakSa gandharvAdi paramAtmA ke pAdamUla meM prasannacitta hokara unakI vANI ko zravaNa karate haiM: 25. anya tIrtha vAle prAvacanika bhI paramAtmA ko namaskAra karate hai; aura 26. anya tIrthavAle vidvAna paramAtmA kI zaraNa meM Akara nirUttara ho jAte hai / jahA~ tIrthaMkara kA vihAra hotA hai vahA~ paccIsa yojana taka nimna bAteM nahIM hotI haiM : 337 27. dhAnya naSTa karane vAle cUhe Adi prANiyoM kI utpatti nahIM hotI; 28. mahAmArI (saMkrAmaka bImArI) nahIM hotI; 26. apanI senA vidroha nahIM karatI; 30. dUsare rAjA kI senA upadrava nahIM karatI; 31. ativRSTi nahIM hotI; 32. anAvRSTi nahIM hotI; 33. durbhikSa nahIM hotA; aura 34. paramAtmA ke vihAra se pUrva utpanna huI vyAdhiyA~ bhI zIghra hI zAnta ho jAtI haiM aura rUdhira vRSTi aura jvarAdi kA prakopa nahIM hotA hai / Page #389 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 338 vacanAtizaya : 158 jainAgamoM meM 35 vacanAtizayoM ke ullekha haiM / 5 saMskRta TIkAkAroM ne bhI apanI TIkA meM vacana ke 35 guNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / ye 35 vacanAtizaya nimna haiM : 1. saMskAratva : vacanoM kA vyAkaraNa sammata honA; jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 2. udaratva : vANI kA yojana pramANabhUmi meM spaSTa sunAI denA; 3. upacAropatva : vacanoM kA grAmINatA se rahita honA; 4. gambhIrazabdatva : megha jaisI gambhIravANI; 5. anunAditva : pratyeka zabda kA yathArtha uccAraNa se yukta honA; 6. dakSiNatva : vacanoM kA saralatA se yukta honA; 7. upanItarAgatva : yathocita rAga-rAgiNI se yukta honA athavA zravaNa karane vAlA pratyeka prANI aisA jAne kI prabhu mujhe hI kahate haiM; 8. mahArthatva : vacanoM meM artha- gAmbhIrya honA; 6. avyAhata paurvApayatva : pUrvA para virodha rahita honA; 10. ziSTatva : mahApuruSoM ke yogya ziSTatA se yukta vacana; 11. asaMndigdhatva : kathana kA sandeha rahita nizcita artha kA pratipAdaka honA; 12. apahRtAnyottaratva : dUSaNa rahita artha kA sAhitya; 13. hRdayagrAhitva : zrotAoM ko kaThina se kaThina viSaya bhI saralatA se samajha meM A jAye, aisI vANI; 14. dezakAlavyayItatva : dezakAla ke anukUla vacana honA; 15. tatvAnurUpatva : vivakSita vastu ke svarUpa ke anurUpa vacana honA; 16. aprakIrNa prasRtatva : prayojana sahita honA; 17. anyAnaya pragRhItatva : paraspara apekSA rakhane vAle padoM se yukta honA; 18. abhijAtatva : vaktA kI kulInatA aura zAlInatA kA sUcaka honA; 16. atisnigdhamadhuratva : vacana kA atyanta madhuratA se yukta honA; 20. aparamarmabedhitva : dUsaroM kA marma bhedana na ho aisI cAturyapUrNa vANI; 158 'paNatIsaM saccavayaNAisesAM paNNattA' - samavAyAMgasUtra samavAya 35 / Page #390 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 336 21. arthadharmAbhyAsAnapetatva : artha aura dharma ke anukUla honA (dharma aura artha - ina puruSArthoM ko sAdhane vAlI vANI); 22. udAratva : dIpaka ke sadRzya artha kA prakAza karane vAle athavA udAratA yukta vacana; 23. paranindAtmotkarSaviprayuktatva : paranindA aura AtmazlAghA se rahita; 24. upagatazlAghatva : jinheM sunakara loga prazaMsA kareM, aise vacana honA; 25. anapanItatva : samucita kartA, karma, kriyApada, kAla aura vibhakti se yuktavANI; 26. utpAditAcchinna kautUhalatva : apane viSaya meM zrotAoM ko lagAtAra kautUhala utpanna karanevAlI vANI; 27. adbhutatva : vacanoM kA Azcaryajanaka, adbhuta evaM navInatA pradarzaka honA; 28. anativilambitva : ativilamba se rahita dhArApravAha se bolanA; 26. vibhrama, vikSepa, kalikiMcitAdi vimuktatva : vANI kA bhrAnti, vikSepa roSa, bhayAdi se rahita honA; aneka jAtisaMzrayAdvicitratva : vibhinna prakAra se varNanIya vastu kA svarUpa pratipAdana karane vAlI vANI bolanA; 31. AhitavizeSatva : sAmAnya vacanoM kI apekSA viziSTatA yuktavANI; 32. sAkAratva : pRthak-pRthak varNa, pada vAkya ke AkAra se yukta vANI; 33. satvaparigRhItatva : sAhasa se paripUrNa vANI; 34. aparikheditva : jisameM kheda-khinnatA kA abhAva ho aisI vANI . honA; aura 35. avyacheditva : vivakSita artha ko samyak prakAra siddha karane vAlI vaannii| 30. 5.4.1 tIrthaMkaroM ke paMcakalyANaka jaina paramparA meM tIrthaMkara aura sAmAnya kevalI kA antara paMcakalyANaka kI avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para huA hai| tIrthaMkara paramAtmA ke vizeSa puNya ke kAraNa paMcakalyANaka mahotsava manAye jAte haiM; kintu sAmAnya kevalI paramAtmA ke paMcakalyANaka mahotsava Page #391 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA nahIM manAye jAte / 156 tIrthaMkara paramAtmA ke paMcakalyANaka nimna rUpa se haiM : 340 1. garbhakalyANaka (cyavanakalyANaka); 2. janmakalyANaka; 3. dIkSAkalyANaka (pravrajyA kalyANaka); 4. kaivalyakalyANaka; aura 5. nirvANakalyANaka / 1. garbhakalyANaka ( cyavanakalyANaka ) : jaba tIrthaMkara paramAtmA kA mAtA ke garbha meM avataraNa (cyavana) hotA hai taba tIrthaMkara kI mAtA zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra 14 svapna (digambara paramparA ke anusAra 16 ) dekhatI haiM / devatA devI, manuSyAdi milakara unakA cyavana-kalyANa mahotsava manAte haiM / tIrthaMkara devaloka yA naraka se hI cyuta hokara manuSya bhava meM Ate haiM / cyavana ke pUrva garbha meM evaM janma ke samaya tIrthaMkara paramAtmA matijJAna, zrutajJAna aura avadhijJAna se yukta hote haiM / ve uttama kula meM janma lete haiM / janmakalyANaka : jaina paramparA kI apekSA se jisa samaya tIrthaMkara prabhu kA janma hotA hai, usa samaya svargaloka se sura- surendra pRthvItala para Akara tIrthaMkara prabhu kA janma kalyANaka mahotsava manAte haiM / tIrthaMkara paramAtmA kA jaba janma hotA hai, taba janma ke prabhAva se kSaNa bhara ke liye sarvaloka meM udyota ho jAtA hai / sthAnAMgasUtra meM loka meM udyota ke cAra kAraNoM kA ullekha nimnarUpa se upalabdha hotA hai : .160 1. jinendradeva ke janma para; 2. jinendradeva ke pravrajyA grahaNa ke samaya para; 3. jinendradeva ke kevalajJAna ke avasara para; aura 4. jinendradeva ke nirvANa ke avasara para / 161 zIlAMkAcArya ke anusAra yaha udyota mAtra kSaNabhara ke lie hotA hai / kSaNabhara ke liye naraka ke jIvoM ko bhI apUrva sukha kI upalabdhi hotI hai| tIrthaMkara ke atirikta anya kisI 2. 15 jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 1 pRSTha 140 bhAga 2 pRSTha 157 ! 160 161 uddhRta 'arihanta' pR. 131 / (ka) AcArAMgasUtra 15/733 / (kha) AcArAMgasUtra ( mUla, anuvAda, vivecana ) pR. 362 / (ga) kalpasUtra 17 / - DaoN. divyaprabhAzrIjI / - madhukaramuni / Page #392 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 341 caramazarIrI jIva ke janma ko kalyANaka ke rUpa meM nahIM manAyA jaataa| paMcakalyANaka meM janmakalyANaka kA dvitIya sthAna hai| jaba sarvagraha ucca sthiti meM hoM; zuddha nimitta prApta hue hoM; chatrAdi zubha janma yoga Ae hoM aura zubha lagna kA navAMza ho; taba tIrthakara (arihanta) paramAtmA ko mAtAzrI janma detI hai|62 ye ucca graha nimna prakAra ke hote haiM : "meSa rAzi kA sUrya (dazama aMza); vRSabha rAzi kA candra (3 aMza); makara rAzi kA maMgala (28 aMza); mIna rAzi kA zukra (27 aMza); aura tulA rAzi kA zani (20 aNsh)|" / __ isI prakAra rAziyoM ke sAtha grahoM kA ucca sambandha hotA hai|52 tIrthakara paramAtmA ke janma ke samaya prAkRtika vAtAvaraNa advitIya, apUrva evaM asadRzya hotA hai; deva-dundubhi bajatI hai aura vAyu anukUla hokara dakSiNAvarta manda-manda bahatI hai| zubha zakuna parilakSita hotA hai| usa samaya paMcavarNI puSpoM kI vRSTi hotI hai| anya mAtAoM kI taraha tIrthaMkaroM kI mAtA ko prasava-pIr3A nahIM hotI; kyoMki tIrthaMkaroM kA yaha svAbhAvika prabhAva hai : "sa eva tIrthanAthAnAM prabhAvo hi svbhaavjH"|64 janma ke samaya 56 dikkumAriyoM kA Agamana hotA hai| pAMca apsarAoM dvArA prabhu kA paripAlana hotA hai| aMguSTha meM devoM ke dvArA amRta kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai| saudharmendra jaba prabhu ko yathAsthAna rakhate haiM taba deva-dUSya yugala evaM kuNDala yugala upadhAna (takiye) ke nIce rakhate haiN| suzobhita zrIdAmakANDa nAmaka kaNduka unake pAsa rakhakara ve vahA~ se lauTa Ate haiN| indra kI AjJA se vaizramaNadeva evaM jambhRkadevoM ke dvArA 32 karor3a hiraNya; 31 karor3a suvarNa; 37 karor3a ratna; 32 karor3a nanda nAmaka vRttAsana; 32 karor3a bhadrAsana tathA anya viziSTa vastuoM se tIrthakara ke bhavana ko alaMkRta karate haiN| janma mahotsava karake nandIzvara dvIpa meM aSTAhikA mahotsava karate haiN| 162 (ka) jJAtAsUtra a. 8; (kha) kalpasUtra 63; (ga) AdinAtha caritra pR. 117 / arihanta pR. 141 / ajitanAtha caritra parva 2, sarga 3, zloka 125 / 163 -DaoN. divyaprabhAzrIjI / 164 Page #393 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 342 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 3. pravrajyAkalyANaka : paramparAnusAra tIrthaMkara paramAtmA kI dIkSA ke avasara ke pUrva 6 lokAntika deva unase pravrajyA grahaNa karane kI prArthanA karate haiN| ve pratidina eka karor3a ATha lAkha arthAt pUre eka varSa meM 388 karoDa 80 lAkha svarNa mudrAoM kA dAna karate haiN| use sAMvatsarika mahAdAna kahate haiN| dIkSA tithi ke avasara para devendra apane devamaNDala ke sAtha padhArakara unakA abhiniSkramaNa mahotsava manAte haiN| tIrthaMkara paramAtmA pAlakI meM baiThakara vanakhaNDa kI ora jAte haiN| vahA~ apane vastrAbhUSaNa kA tyAga kara aura paMcamuSThiloca kara dIkSita ho jAte haiN| niyama se tIrthakara svayaM sambuddha hote haiN| unheM kisI gurU kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| ve vastrAbhUSaNa kA tyAga kara siddhoM ko namaskAra karake sAvadyayoga ke pratyAkhyAna karate haiN| cAritra grahaNa karate samaya bhante zabda kA ve prayoga nahIM krte| 65 pravrajyA grahaNa karate hI unheM manaHparyavajJAna ho jAtA 4. kevalyakalyANaka : tIrthaMkara paramAtmA apanI sAdhanA ke dvArA kevalajJAna prApta karate haiN| isa avasara para svarga se indra aura devamaNDala Akara kevalajJAna mahotsava manAte haiN| devatA tIrthaMkara paramAtmA kI dharmasabhA ke lie samavasaraNa kI racanA karate haiN|66 tIrthaMkara paramAtmA taba tIrtha kI sthApanA karate haiN| hemacandrAcArya ke anusAra paramAtmA ke gamanAgamana ke samaya deva unake pAdatala ke nIce suvarNa kamaloM kI racanA karate haiN| sAtha hI ATha prAtihAryoM arthAt 1. azoka vRkSa; 2. surapuSpavRSTi; 3. divya-dhvani; 4. cAmara; 5. siMhAsana; 6. bhAmaNDala; 7. dundubhi; aura 8. tIna chatrAdi kI racanA karate haiN|167 5. nirvANakalyANaka : tIrthaMkara (arihanta paramAtmA) kA yaha antima kalyANaka hai| tIrthaMkara paramAtmA kA nirvANa arthAt janma maraNa 165 _ 'savvAtitthagarAvi ya NaM sAmAiyaM keramANA bhaNaMti, karemi sAmAiyaM-savvasAvajjaM jogaM / paccakkhAmi jAva vAsirAmi, bhadaMti tti Na bhaNaMti jItamiti / / -AvazyakacUrNi bhA.1, patra 161 / 166 (ka) AcArAMgasUtra 2/15/140-42 / (kha) kalpasUtra 211 / / 'arihanta' pR. 207-08 / -DaoN. divyprbhaashriijii| 167 Page #394 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra kI paramparA ke samApta hone para devoM dvArA unakA dAhasaMskAra kara nirvANotsava manAyA jAtA hai / devagaNa vahA~ se nandIzvara dvIpa meM jAkara aSTAhikA mahotsava manAte haiM / isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM tIrthaMkara paramAtmA ke uparokta paMca kalyANaka mAne gaye haiM I 5.4.2 tIrthaMkara paramAtmA kA nirdoSa vyaktitva zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra tIrthaMkara paramAtmA ko nimna 18 doSoM se rahita mAnA gayA hai 166 : 1. dAnAntarAya; 4. bhogAntarAya; 7. ajJAna; 10. hAsya; 13. zoka; 16. rAga; 170 kucha anya zvetAmbara 18 doSoM se rahita batAyA gayA hai ' . 166 1. hiMsA; 5. hAsya; 6. bhaya; 13. lobha; 17. nidrA; aura 2. lAbhAntarAya; 5. upabhogAntarAya; 8. avirati; 11. rati; 1. kSudhA; 5. mAna; 6. ajJAna; 14. bhaya; 17. dveSa; aura AcAryoM ke anusAra : 2. mRSAvAda; 3. corI 6. rati; 10. krodha; 14. maMda; 18. prema / digambara paramparA ke grantha niyamasAra meM tIrthaMkara ko nimna 18 doSoM se rahita mAnA gayA hai : 2. tRSA; 6. mAyA; 10. mRtyu; 343 3. vIryAntarAya 6. mithyAtva; 6. kAmecchA; 12. arati; 3. bhaya; 7. lobha; 11. sveda; 7. arati; 4. kAmakrIr3A; 8. zoka; 11. mAna; 12. mAyA; 15. matsara; 16. ajJAna; 15. jugupsA; 18. nidrA / tIrthaMkara ko nimna 168 'paMceva antarAyA, micchatamanANAmavirai kAmo / hAsachaga rAgadosA, nidA'TaThArasa ime dosA / / 162 / / ' - rAjendra abhidhAna koza pR. 248 / 166 " hiMsA''itigaM kIlA, hAsA''ipaMcagaM ca caukasAyA / -vahI pR. 248 | mayamacchara annANA, niddA pimmaM ia va dosA / / 163 / / ' 'chuhataNhabhIruroso rAgo, moho ciMtA jarA rUjA miccU / sadaM kheda mado rai vihiyANiddAjaNuvvego / / 6 / / ' -niyamasAra / 4. roSa (krodha); 8. matsara; 12. kheda; Page #395 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 344 13. mada; 17. janma; aura tIrthaMkara banane kI yogyatA : tIrthaMkara pada kI upalabdhi hetu jIva ko pUrva janmoM meM viziSTa sAdhanA karanI anivArya hotI hai / jainadarzana meM isa hetu jina viziSTa sAdhanAoM ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai unakI saMkhyA ko lekara zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM matabheda hai / digambara paramparA meM tattvArthasUtra ke AdhAra para tIrthaMkara nAmakarma ke upArjana hetu nimna 16 bAtoM kI sAdhanA ko anivArya mAnA gayA hai71 : 1. darzanavizuddhi; 2. vinayasampannatA; 4. abhIkSNajJAnopayoga; 5. abhIkSNasaMvega; 171 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 15. vismaya; 16. nidrA; 14. rati; 18. udvega (arati) / 7. yathAzakti tapa; 8. saMgha - sAdhu samAdhikaraNa; 6. vaiyAvRttyakaraNa; 10- 13. catuHbhakti arihanta, AcArya, bahuzruta aura zAstra; 14. AvazyakAparihANi; 15. mokSamArga prabhAvanA; aura 16. pravacanavAtsalya 8. 6. zvetAmbara paramparA meM jJAtAdharmakathA ke AdhAra para tIrthaMkara paramAtmA ke nAmakarma ke upArjana hetu nimna 20 boloM kI sAdhanA ko anivArya mAnA gayA hai172 : 1-7. arihanta, siddha, pravacana, gurU, sthavira, bahuzruta evaM tapasvI ina sAtoM ke prati vAtsalya bhAva rakhanA; 3. zIlavratAnaticAra; 6. yathAzakti tyAga; anavarata jJAnAbhyAsa karanA; jIvAdi padArthoM ke prati yathArtha zraddhArUpa zuddha samyaktva kA honA; 10. gurujanoM kA Adara karanA; 11. prAyazcita evaM pratikramaNa dvArA apane aparAdhoM kI kSamAyAcanA tattvArthasUtra, 6 / 23, pR. 162 / 172 jJAtAdharmakathA 1/8/18 / karanA; 12. ahiMsAdi mahAvratoM kA aticAra rahita yogya rIti se pAlana karanA; 14. 13. pApoM kI upekSA karate hue vairAgyabhAva dhAraNa karanA; bAhya evaM Abhyantara tapa karanA; 15. yathAzakti tyAgavRtti ko apanAnA; 16. sAdhujanoM kI sevA karanA; Page #396 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 345 17. samatAbhAva rakhanA; 18. jJAna-zakti ko nirantara bar3hAte rahanA; 16. AgamoM meM zraddhA karanA; aura 20. jina pravacana kA prakAza krnaa| jJAtavya hai ki ina solaha yA bIsa boloM meM se kisI eka kI, kucha kI athavA sabhI kI sAdhanA karake jIva tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA upArjana kara letA hai| 5.5 tIrthakara, buddha aura avatAra : tulanAtmaka vivecana bhAratIya dharmoM meM paramAtmA kI avadhAraNA vibhinna rUpoM meM milatI hai| hindU paramparA meM use Izvara yA Izvara ke avatAra ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| bauddha paramparA use buddha evaM bodhisatva ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatI hai, to jaina paramparA use tIrthakara, arihanta yA siddha ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatI hai| yadyapi inake svarUpa ko lekara tInoM paramparAoM meM matabheda hai; phira bhI tInoM paramparAe~ unheM dharma ke saMsthApaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatI haiM aura isI uddezya ko lekara hindU paramparA meM 24 avatAroM, bauddha paramparA meM 24 buddhoM aura jaina paramparA meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI avadhAraNAe~ hameM milatI haiN| 24 avatAra, 24 buddha aura 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI isa avadhAraNA kA vikAsa kaba aura kisa rUpa meM huA tathA ise kisane kisase grahaNa kiyA; yaha eka vivAdAtmaka prazna hai, kyoMki pratyeka paramparA kI apanI-apanI mAnyatAe~ haiN| prastuta vivecana meM hamArA mukhya prayojana ina avadhAraNAoM kA tulanAtmaka vivaraNa prastuta karanA hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane para hama yaha pAte haiM ki jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM upAsya ke rUpa meM tIrthakara yA buddha kI avadhAraNA maujUda hai| hindU dharma bhI upAsya ke rUpa meM Izvara ko svIkAra karatA hai| kintu jahA~ hindU dharma Izvara ko sRSTi kA kartA yA racayitA, saMrakSaka aura saMhAraka mAnatA hai; vahA~ jaina aura bauddha - donoM hI darzana Izvara ko sRSTi-kartA ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| paravartI kAla meM bhI jainAcAryoM ne Izvara ko sRSTi kA kartA mAnane kI avadhAraNA kA bahuta khaNDana kiyA hai| mAtra yahI Page #397 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 346 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA nahIM, ve sRSTi ko nitya pravAharUpa paMca-astikAyoM se nirmita mAnate haiN| yadyapi isameM samaya-samaya para parivartana hote rahate haiM; lekina ve parivartana prakRti kI apanI yojanA ke anusAra hI hote haiN| usake lie kisI sRSTikartA yA usake saMrakSaka ko mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| parivartana jagat kA apanA niyama hai| ghaTanAe~ apane kAraNoM ke anusAra ghaTita hotI rahatI haiN| jainadarzana meM AcArya haribhadra hI eka aise AcArya hue jinhoMne jainadarzana kI mAnyatAoM ko surakSita rakhate hue eka viziSTa artha meM 'zAstravArtA-samuccaya' meM Izvara ke kRtitva kA samarthana kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki yaha AtmA hI paramAtmA hai aura AtmA hI apane karmoM ke dvArA apane saMsAra kI racanA karatI hai| isa artha meM vaha sRSTi-kartA hai| vastutaH yahA~ haribhadra ne Izvara ke kRtitva kA nahIM, apitu AtmA ke kRtitva kA hI samarthana kiyA hai| mUla meM to bauddhadarzana aura jainadarzana Izvara kRtitva ke prakhara Alocaka rahe haiN| phira bhI tInoM hI paramparAe~ avatAra, buddha yA tIrthakara ko dharma-mArga kA saMsthApaka svIkAra karatI haiN| hindU paramparA meM Izvara ke avatAra lene kA prayojana dharma kI saMsthApanA hai| yadyapi yaha eka alaga bAta hai ki hindU paramparA avatAra kA prayojana dharma kI saMsthApanA taka hI sImita nahIM karatI hai| usake anusAra Izvara ke avatAra kA eka anya prayojana duSToM kA vinAza aura sajjanoM kI surakSA karanA hai| isa artha meM avatAra, tIrthakara yA buddha kI avadhAraNA se bhinna hai| jahA~ taka tIrthakara aura buddha kI avadhAraNA ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana kA prazna hai, donoM hI yaha mAnate haiM ki bUddha yA tIrthaMkara kA mukhya prayojana loka-maMgala hotA hai| donoM hI dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA karate haiN| donoM hI avatAravAda se isa artha meM bhinna haiM ki ve loka-kalyANa yA dharma kI saMsthApanA ke lie kisI Izvara kA avataraNa nahIM mAnate haiM, apitu kisI vaiyaktika AtmA ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke carama utkarSa ko prAptakara janma lene kI bAta kahate haiN| tIrthakara yA buddha ke rUpa me jo vyakti apanA AdhyAtmika vikAsa karatA hai, vaha Upara se avatarita nahIM hotA, apitu koI cetanA yA cetanadhArA hI apanA AdhyAtmika vikAsa Page #398 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 347 karatI huI usa u~cAI taka pahu~catI hai| isa prakAra jainadarzana aura bauddhadarzana donoM hI avatAravAdI na hokara utAravAdI haiN| nirvANa prApta tIrthakara athavA buddha punaH isa saMsAra meM janma nahIM lete| bhAvI tIrthakara koI anya AtmA yA bhAvI buddha anya cetanadhArA hotI hai| isa prakAra tIrthaMkara aura buddha kI avadhAraNA meM sAmAnyarUpa se to samAnatA hai, kintu donoM meM mUlabhUta jo antara hai vaha bauddha dharma ke anAtmavAda kI avadhAraNA ko lekara hai| yahA~ hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki bauddhadarzana ke anAtmavAda kA artha 'AtmA nahIM hai aisA na hokara 'AtmA nitya nahIM haiM aisA hai| bauddhadarzana ke anAtmavAda kI do hI sthApanAe~ haiN| eka to yaha ki saMsAra meM aisA kucha bhI nahIM jise apanA arthAt AtmA kahA jA ske| dUsarI yaha ki jahA~ jainadarzana citta tattva arthAt AtmA ko pariNAmI nitya mAnatA hai, vahA~ bauddhadarzana AtmA ko eka parivartanazIla cittadhArA ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra karatA hai| isa prakAra bauddhadarzana meM buddha bhI eka cittadhArA hI hai| jainadarzana me anusAra koI bhavya AtmA kisI janma meM samyaktva rUpI bodhibIja ko prApta karake apanI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA karate hue jaba loka-maMgala kI bhAvanA se AplAvita hotI hai, taba vaha tIrthakara nAmakarma kA upArjana kara tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM janma letI hai evaM anta meM mukti ko prApta karake siddha bana jAtI hai| usakA punaH punarjanma nahIM hotA hai| bauddha dharma ke anusAra bhI koI vyakti yA cittadhArA bodhibIja ko prApta hokara bodhi zabda ke rUpa meM vikAsa karate hue vibhinna janmoM meM pAramitAoM kI sAdhanA karate hue buddhatva ko aura anta meM nirvANa ko prApta hotI hai| kintu bauddha dharma kI bhASA meM yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki jisa citta (AtmA) ne bodhisatva kA utpAda kiyA thA, usI citta ne parinirvANa ko prApta kiyaa| bauddhadarzana ke anusAra yadi kahanA ho to hama kevala itanA hI kaheMge ki jisa citta meM bodhisatva kA utpAda huA thA usI citta kI santati ne nirvANa ko prApta kiyA; kyoMki koI bhI citta nitya nahIM hai| jo pariNamana prApta hote haiM, ve citta-santati ke hote haiN| isa prakAra tIrthakara yA buddha. kI avadhAraNA meM bahuta kucha samAnatA hote hue bhI AtmA kI nityatA Page #399 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 348 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA ko lekara kucha antara bhI hai| yahA~ bhI jJAtavya hai ki jaina paramparA meM tIrthakara ke lie buddha zabda kA prayoga bhI aneka sthaloM para prApta hotA hai| isI kAraNa paramAtmA ke lie arhat zabda kA prayoga jaina aura bauddha paramparA meM samAna rUpa se huA hai| donoM kI samAnatA va asamAnatA kI isa sAmAnya carcA ke pazcAt hama DaoN. ramezacandra guptA kI pustaka 'tIrthakara, buddha aura avatAra' ke AdhAra para donoM kI kucha viziSTatAoM aura antara kI carcA kreNge|73 2. tIrthakara evaM buddha kI anya samAnatAe~ 1. jahA~ andhaka aura uttarApathaka bauddhoM kA mAnanA hai ki paramAtmA ke uccAra prazrAva kI gandha anya gandhoM se viziSTa hotI hai; vahA~ jaina paramparA bhI yaha svIkAra karatI hai ki tIrthaMkara paramAtmA kA uccAra prazrAva viziSTa gandha se yukta hotA hai| _ 'kathAvastu' ke 18veM varga meM batAyA hai ki buddha eka zabda bhI nahIM bole| isI mata ke kAraNa ve lokottaravAdI kahe jAte haiN| jainiyoM ke digambara sampradAya kA bhI yaha mAnanA hai ki tIrthaMkara paramAtmA kevalya kI upalabdhi ke pazcAt kucha bhI nahIM bolte| prabhu ke zarIra se eka viziSTa dhvani niHsRta hotI hai| samavasaraNa meM sabhI prANI use apanI-apanI bhASA meM samajha jAte haiN| 3. bauddhoM kA mAnanA hai ki caramabhavika bodhisatva tuSita devaloka se buddha hone ke lie manuSyaloka meM avatIrNa hotA hai| jainiyoM kA yaha mAnanA hai ki jisa bhavya AtmA ne tIrthakara nAmakarma kA upArjana kiyA ho, vaha devaloka se manuSyaloka meM avatIrNa hotI hai| kintu jaina paramparA kA yaha bhI mAnanA hai ki tIrthakara naraka se bhI manuSyaloka meM janma le sakate haiN| 4. bauddha dharma kI mAnyatA hai ki bhAvI buddha pUrva buddha ke sanmukha yaha nizcaya karatA hai ki "maiM buddha houuNgaa|" pazcAt vaha AtmA anya janmoM meM dasa pAramitAoM kI sAdhanA karatI huI 773 'tIrthakara, buddha aura avatAra kI avadhAraNA : tulanAtmaka adhyayana' pR. 255-58 / -DaoN. ramezacandra guptaa| Page #400 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 346 anta meM buddha ke rUpa meM janma grahaNa karatI hai| jaina dharma ke anusAra yahA~ kucha bhinnatA milatI hai| bhaviSya meM tIrthakara hone vAlI AtmA sarvaprathama kisI tIrthakara yA prabuddhAcArya Adi se pratibodhita hokara samyaktva kI prApti karake aneka janmoM meM tIrthakara nAmakarma ke upArjana hetu 16 yA 20 boloM kI sAdhanA karatI huI anta meM tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA upArjana kara usake tIsare janma meM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM janma letI hai| 5. buddha aura tIrthaMkara meM sAmAnya vyakti kI apekSA kucha viziSTa lakSaNoM kI kalpanA donoM hI paramparAoM meM kI gaI hai| dIrghanikAya ke anusAra bodhisatva jaba tuSita devaloka se cyuta hokara mAtA ke garbha meM AtA hai taba samasta loka meM viziSTa prakAza hotA hai evaM manuSyoM ke mana ke hiMsA ke bhAva lupta ho jAte haiN| jainadarzana ke anusAra tIrthaMkara kA jaba janma hotA hai taba samasta vizva meM prakAza hotA hai - naraka meM bhI kSaNabhara ke lie vaha alaukika prakAza hotA hai aura vahA~ bhI kSaNabhara ke lie zAnti kA anubhava hotA hai| 6. bauddhoM ke 'pAli-tripiTaka' meM baddha ke garbhAvakrAnti, samyaksambodhi aura nirvANakAla ko atyanta mahatvapUrNa mAnA hai| jainadarzana meM tIrthaMkara paramAtmA kI garbhAvakrAnti, janma, dIkSA, kaivalya prApti aura parinirvANa ko kalyANaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 7. bauddha 'pAlInikAya' kI apekSA se buddha jAgrata dazA meM hI mAtA ke garbha meM praveza karate haiM, kintu jainadarzana ke anusAra tIrthakara paramAtmA jaba devaloka se cyava kara mAtA ke garbha meM praveza karate haiM, taba avadhijJAna se yaha jAnate haiM ki maiMne devaloka se cyava kara mAtA ke garbha meM praveza kiyA hai - yadyapi cyavanakAla sUkSma hone se ve use nahIM jAna pAte haiN| ye donoM paramparAe~ mAnatI haiM ki buddha aura tIrthaMkara apane garbhakAla evaM janma ke samaya viziSTa jJAna se yukta hote haiN| 8. bauddha paramparA ke anusAra buddha kI mAtA buddha ke garbha meM praveza hone para svapnAvasthA meM zveta hasti ko apanI kukSi meM praveza karate hue dekhatI hai| vaise hI jainadarzana kI apekSA se tIrthakara kI mAtA hasti, siMha, vRSabha Adi 14 yA 16 svapna dekhatI haiN| unheM aisA lagatA hai ki siMha Adi svarga se utarakara usake mu~ha meM praveza kara rahe haiN| Page #401 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 350 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 6. jaina aura bauddha, donoM hI paramparAe~ yaha svIkAra karatI haiM ki garbhakAla ke samaya bhagavAna kI mAtA ko kaSTa na ho, isalie devagaNa unakI rakSA karate haiN| donoM kI mAtAe~ sadAcArI aura zIlavAna hotI haiN| 10. donoM paramparAoM kA mAnanA hai ki buddha evaM tIrthaMkara garbhAvAsa meM jaba mAtA kI kukSi meM nivAsa karate haiM, taba vahA~ zleSNA, rUdhira Adi gandagiyoM kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| 11. tIrthaMkara aura buddha kI garbhakrAnti ke pazcAt unake parivAra meM dhana-dhAnya kI abhivRddhi hotI hai| 12. buddha ke viSaya meM yaha mAnyatA hai ki jaba ve kakSi se bAhara __ Ate haiM to pRthvI para Ane se pUrva unheM devaputra le lete haiN| do udaka dhArAe~ unakI mA~ kA abhiSeka karatI haiN| jaina paramparA kA mAnanA hai ki tIrthaMkara ke janma hone para indra evaM devagaNa unheM merUparvata para le jAkara abhiSeka karate hue mahotsava manAte haiN| 5.6 tIrthaMkara evaM buddha kA antara mAnyatAoM meM uparokta samAnatAe~ hone para bhI nimna kucha mahatvapUrNa antara bhI haiM : 1. bauddha paramparA ke anusAra bodhisatva kA janma hone para unakI mAtA sAtaveM dina svargavAsI ho jAtI hai / 2. bauddha paramparA meM bodhisatva kI mAtA khar3e-khar3e prasava karatI 3. bauddha paramparA meM bodhisatva apane janma ke sAtha hI sAta kadama uttara dizA kI ora calatA hai aura loka meM zreSThatA kA udghoSa karatA hai| uparokta tInoM hI bAteM jaina paramparA meM svIkAra nahIM kI gaI haiN| 4. jaina paramparA meM tIrthaMkara ke abhiniSkramaNa ke pUrva 6 lokAntikadeva unheM pravrajyA ke lie prArthanA karate haiN| bauddha mAnyatAnusAra buddha kI pravrajyA ke samaya nahIM apitu arhat banane ke pazcAt mahAbrahmA loka-maMgala ke lie dharma-cakra pravartana hetu prArthanA karate haiN| 5. bauddha paramparA meM buddha ke sazarIra tuSita devaloka aura zuddhAvAsa devaloka meM jAne kA ullekha hai| aisI mAnyatA Page #402 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 351 6. jaina paramparA meM nahIM hai| tIrthakara ke pravacana meM deva svarga se Ate haiM aura samavasaraNa kI racanA karate haiN| bauddha paramparAnusAra tIrthakoM ke Agraha para buddha dvArA svayaM prAtihArya dikhAne kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| jaina paramparA meM svayaM tIrthakara dvArA kisI prAtihArya ke dikhAne kA vivecana prApta nahIM hotaa| kintu bauddha paramparA meM aisA bhI batAyA gayA hai ki bhikSu ke lie camatkAra kA niSedha hai| jaina paramparA kI mAnyatA hai ki tIrthakara paramAtmA kI mahattA ko sthApita karane ke lie devagaNa prAtihArya kI racanA karate haiN| 5.7 tIrthaMkara evaM avatAra kI samAnatA tIrthakara evaM avatAra meM nimna samAnatAe~ haiM : 1. jaina dharma ne tIrthaMkara ko avatAra ke samAna hI svIkAra kiyA hai| jainoM ne tIrthaMkara ko devAdhideva vItarAga paramAtmA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| 2. jaina paramparA meM jina sahasranAma ke rUpa meM tIrthakara ke sahana nAmoM kA ullekha hai, vaha viSNu ke sahananAma ke samAna hI hai| puSpadanta ke mahApurANa meM tIrthakara ko aneka sthaloM para viSNu nAma se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| mahApurANa meM RSabha ko Adi varAharUpa meM pRthvI kA uddhAraka batAyA gayA hai|75 3. tIrthakara aura avatAra donoM hI dharma ke saMsthApaka kahe gae haiN| hama isa sambandha meM pUrva meM vistRta carcA kara cuke haiM jisake anusAra donoM ke prayojana samAna haiN|76 . 4. avatAra ke samAna tIrthakara ko bhI sarvajJa evaM ananta zakti-sampanna mAnA gayA hai| jaina kathA sAhitya meM aisA ullekha hai ki tIrthakara ariSTanemi ne kRSNa ke zaMkha ko bajA diyA thA aura dvanda yuddha meM kRSNa unheM parAjita nahIM kara ske|77 174 175 -mahApurANa 1-10, 5-10 / 176 paramAtmaprakAza pR. 102 / __ 'AivarAha uddhariya khoNi' bhAgavata 5/3/20; 5/6, 12 / tiloyapannati 4/628 / 177 Page #403 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 352 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 5.8 tIrthaMkara aura avatAra meM antara tIrthakara aura avatAra meM nimnAnusAra antara hai : 1. jaina dharma meM tIrthaMkara kI avadhAraNA vaiSNava paramparA ke avatAra kI avadhAraNA se kucha bhinna pratIta hotI hai| vaiSNava avatAravAda meM paramAtmA svayaM avatAra lete haiM, jabaki jaina paramparA meM koI bhI tIrthakara punarjanma grahaNa nahIM karatA hai| 2. tIrthakara kA pada vizeSa sAdhanA ke bAda koI AtmA upalabdha karatI hai, kintu avatAra ke rUpa meM janma lene ke lie Izvara ko koI sAdhanA nahIM karanI hotii| mAtra saSTi kI paristhiti aura avatAra grahaNa karane kI icchA se vaha avatAra ke rUpa meM avatarita hotA hai| isa prakAra tIrthakara pada sAdhanAjanya hai - avatAra icchAjanya hai| 3. bAra-bAra avatAra ke rUpa meM jisakA avataraNa hotA hai, vaha eka hI AtmA hai arthAt paramAtmA hai; jabaki pratyeka tIrthakara bhinna AtmA hotI hai| 4. avatAra kA prayojana dharma kI saMsthApanA taka hI sImita nahIM hotA hai| usakA eka anya prayojana duSToM kA vinAza aura sajjanoM kI surakSA bhI hai, jabaki tIrthakara na to duSToM kA vinAza karate haiM aura na hI sajjanoM kI surakSA kA AzvAsana dete haiN| 5. duSToM ke vinAza ke lie avatAra aneka prakAra ke chala chadma bhI karate haiM kintu tIrthakara sahaja rUpa se. dharma mArga kA upadezaka hotA hai| usake jIvana meM chala chadma kA abhAva hotA hai| 6. avatAravAda meM parama sattA Upara se nIce kI ora AtI hai; jabaki tIrthakara kI avadhAraNA meM koI eka jIvAtmA apane AdhyAtmika vikAsa dvArA Upara uThatI huI paramAtmapada ko prApta karatI hai| saMkSepa meM avatAravAda avataraNa kA siddhAnta hai jabaki tIrthakara kI avadhAraNA uttaraNa kA siddhAnta hai| 7. tIrthakara kI avadhAraNA puruSArthavAda ke siddhAnta para AdhArita hai; jabaki avatAra kI avadhAraNA IzvarIya icchA kA pariNAma 176 (ka) paramAtmaprakAza pR. 102; (kha) pravacanasAra mU. 62-63 / Page #404 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 353 hai| usameM kisI sImA taka niyativAda kA tattva chipA huA hai; kyoMki vaha prabhu-icchA ko sarvopari mAnatA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki hindU, bauddha aura jaina paramparAoM meM paramAtmA kI avadhAraNA upasthita hote hue bhI saiddhAntika aura vyavahArika dRSTi se unameM kucha mUlabhUta antara hai| 5.6 siddhoM kA svarUpa jainadarzana meM jIvana kA parama sAdhya siddhatva ko prApta karanA hai| jaba AtmA sarva bahirbhAvoM kA parityAga karake antarAtmA bhAvapUrvaka paramAtmadazA ko upalabdha kara letI hai, to vaha siddha yA mukta kahalAtI hai| jaba sAdhaka apane carama sAdhya kI siddhi kara letA hai, taba usakI AtmA paramAtmA yA siddhasvarUpa ko prApta kara letI hai| siddhAvasthA samastakoM ke kSaya kA pariNAma hai; jahA~ sahaja hI AtmA ke mUla guNoM kA prakaTana ho jAtA hai|76 jinake aSTakarma kSaya ho gae hoM, jo sarva doSoM se mukta ho gae hoM, jo sarva guNoM se sampanna hoM, aisI sabhI AtmAe~ siddha paramAtmA kI koTi meM AtI haiN|80 jisa prakAra bIja ke jala jAne para aMkura utpanna nahIM hotA, vaise hI karmabIja ke dagdha hone para janma, jarA, mRtyu kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| jIva, ajIva Adi navatatvoM meM mokSa antima tatva hai| mokSa tatva jIva kA carama aura parama lakSya hai| jisa AtmA ne apane samasta karmoM ko kSaya kara avyAbAdha sukha ko prApta kara liyA hai aura karmabandhana se mukti ho gaI hai, jinhoMne kevalajJAna kI sampadA ko upalabdha kara lI hai; jinake janma-mRtyu rUpa mahAn duHkhoM ke cakra kI gati rUka gaI; jinhoMne sadA sarvadA ke liye muktAvasthA arthAt sat-cit-Anandamaya zuddha svarUpa kI upalabdhi kara lI hai'2 ve siddha kahe jAte haiN| jaba vAsanA kA samagrataH kSaya ho jAtA hai, anAtmA meM 176 'sacitra Namokara mahAmaMtra' pariziSTa pR. 18, 16 / -sampAdaka zrIcanda surANA, aagraa| paMca parameSThi namaskAra mahAmaMtra yAne jaina dharmanuM svarUpa pR. 41 / dharmazraddhA pR. 88 / paccakkhANa kyoM aura kaise? pR. 11 / 12 Page #405 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 354 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA Atmabuddhi evaM AtmA meM anAtmabuddhi rUpa ajJAnatA samApta ho jAtI hai, taba mokSa yA siddhAvasthA upalabdha hotI hai| AcArAMgasUtra ke anusAra siddhoM kA svarUpa : AcArAMgasUtra meM siddhAtmA ke svarUpa kA saMkSipta vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| usameM batAyA gayA hai ki mokSa-mArga para ArUr3ha zramaNa, gati-agati rUpa bhavabhramaNa ke cakra ko samApta kara siddhAvasthA ko prApta kara letA hai|4 siddha kA svarUpa : aupapAtikasUtra meM siddha ke svarUpa kA vivecana karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki siddha paramAtmA loka ke agra bhAga meM zAzvatakAla taka apane zuddha svarUpa meM sthita rahate haiN| siddhAtmA Adi ananta hai; kyoMki siddhAvasthA kAla vizeSa para upalabdha hotI hai, ataH usakA Adi yA prArambha hai kintu usa avasthA kA anta nahIM hotA hai - ataH vaha ananta hai| siddha paramAtmA saghana avagADha-Atmapradeza se yukta hote haiN| ve ananta jJAna-darzana se sampanna hote haiN| ve kRtya-kRtya haiM kyoMki jinhoMne apane sampUrNa prayojana siddha kara liye haiN| ve acala yA nizchala hote haiN| aSTakarmoM kA kSaya ho jAne se ve siddha paramAtmA atyanta vizuddha hote haiN| ve jJAna-darzana rUpa paryAyoM kI apekSA se utpAd-vyaya yukta bhI haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI apekSA se siddha paramAtmA sampUrNa karmamala se rahita hote haiN|86 jina jIvoM ne mokSa kI prApti kara lI hai; ve siddha, buddha, mukta, sarva duHkhoM se rahita, nisaMga, niraMjana, nirAkAra, parabrahma, parama jyoti, zuddhAtmA aura paramAtma jyotisvarUpa haiN|87 183 abhidhAnacintAmaNi pR. 136 / AcArAMgasUtra prathama prathama zrutaskaMdha, paMcama 6, sUtra 176 / (ka) aupapAtikasUtra, sUtra 124 pR. 173 / (kha) bRhadravya saMgraha 14 / 186 'siddhe havai nIrae' uttarAdhyayayanasUtra 18/54 / (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra 6/58 / (kha) vahI 28/36 / (ga) vahI 26/6 / 187 Page #406 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 355 ve avyAbAdha sukha ke svAmI haiN| jainadarzana meM svarUpa kI dRSTi se sabhI siddha AtmAe~ eka samAna hotI haiM, kintu siddhAvasthA meM pratyeka jIva kI svatantra sattA evaM vaiyaktika sattA banI rahatI hai| isa apekSA se siddha paramAtmA akSaya yA ananta astitva vAle bhI kahe jAte haiN| . AcArAMgasUtra meM siddhoM ke svarUpa kA varNana nimna prakAra se huA hai : abhAvAtmaka dRSTikoNa : siddhAvasthA meM samasta karmoM kA kSaya hone se muktAtmA meM samasta karmajanya upAdhiyoM kA bhI abhAva hotA hai| ataH muktAtmA na dIrgha hai, na hRsva hai, na vRttAkAra hai, na trikoNa hai, na catuSkoNa hai aura na parimaNDala saMsthAna vAlA hai| vaha kRSNa, nIla, pIta, rakta aura zveta varNa vAlA bhI nahIM haiN| vaha sugandha aura durgandha vAlA bhI nahIM hai| na tIkSNa, kaTuka, khaTTA, mIThA evaM amla rasa vAlA hai| usameM gurU, laghu, komala, kaThora, snigdha, rUkSa, zIta evaM uSNAdi sparza-guNoM kA bhI abhAva hai| vaha na strI hai, na puruSa hai aura na napuMsaka hai| anirvacIya dRSTikoNa : AcArAMgasUtra meM siddhoM ke anirvacanIya svarUpa kA pratipAdana nimna prakAra se kiyA gayA hai| samasta svara vahA~ se lauTa Ate haiM arthAt dhvanyAtmaka kisI bhI zabda kI pravRtti kA vaha viSaya nahIM hai| vANI usakA nirvacana karane meM kadApi samartha nahIM haiN| vahA~ vANI mUka ho jAtI hai| tarka kI vahA~ taka pahuMca nahIM hai| buddhi use grahaNa karane meM asamartha hai arthAt vaha vANI, vicAra aura buddhi kA viSaya nahIM hai| kisI upamA ke dvArA bhI use samajhAyA nahIM jA sktaa| vaha anupama hai, arUpI hai aura sattAvAna hai| usa apada kA koI pada nahIM hai arthAt aisA koI zabda nahIM hai, jisake dvArA usakA nirUpaNa kiyA jA ske| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki AcArAMgasUtra unheM anirvacanIya kahakara 188 (ka) 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 1 pR. 422-23 / ___-DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / (kha) AcArAMgasUtra 1/5/6/171 (tulanA kIjiye- taitarIya 2/6, muNDaka 3/1/8) / Page #407 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 356 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA bhI unake astitva arthAt sattA ko svIkAra kara unheM bhAvAtmaka bhI svIkAra karatA hai| yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki AcArAMgasUtra kA yaha vivaraNa paravartI jainadarzana ke vivaraNa kI apekSA AtmA ke aupaniSadika vivaraNa ke adhika nikaTa hai| 5.10 siddha paramAtmA ke 31 guNa uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke 31veM adhyayana meM siddha paramAtmA ke 31 guNa batAye gae haiM, kintu vahA~ unake nAmoM kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke TIkAkAra bhAvavijayajI evaM nemicandrAcArya ne siddha paramAtmA ke nimna 31 guNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai : 5 saMsthAnAbhAva, 5 varNAbhAva, 2 gandhAbhAva, 5 rasAbhAva, 8 sparzAbhAva, 3 vedAbhAva, akAyatva, asaMgatva aura ajnmtv| lakSmIvallabha gaNivara ne bhI pA~ca saMsthAnAbhAvAdi inhIM 31 guNoM kA vivecana kiyA hai|'60 anya kucha AcArya jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI 5, darzanAvaraNIya karma kI 6, vedanIya kI 2, mohanIya kI 2, AyuSyakarma kI 4, gotrakarma kI 2, nAmakarma kI 2 tathA antarAya karma kI 5 - isa prakAra kula 31 karmapravRttiyoM ke abhAva rUpa siddhoM ke 31 guNoM kA hI ullekha karate haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM mUlataH nAmakarma kI do prakRtiyoM kA hI vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra usameM ATha karmoM kI kula 31 uttara pravRttiyA~ hI varNita haiN| ataH unake abhAva se AtmA meM jina 31 guNoM kI abhivyakti hotI hai, ve siddha paramAtmA ke 31 guNa hai| vastutaH to AtmA meM ananta guNa haiM, kintu ATha mUla karma prakRtiyoM ke kSaya kI apekSA se 31 guNa mAne gaye haiN|61 siddha paramAtmA ke aSTaguNa : aSTakarmoM ke kSaya ke AdhAra para siddha paramAtmA ke nimna 186 uttarAdhyayanasUtra TIkA patra 3026 / 16deg uttarAdhyayanasUtra TIkA patra 3053 / " uttarAdhyayanasUtra : dArzanika anuzIlana evaM vartamAna paripekSya meM usakA mahattva'pR. 185 / ___ -sAthvI. DaoN. vinitprbhaashrii| Page #408 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 357 aSTaguNa mAne gaye hai : 1. anantajJAna : jJAnAvaraNIyakarma ke sarvathA naSTa ho jAne se kevalajJAna upalabdha hotA hai, isase ve sarvalokAloka kA svarUpa jAnate haiN| 2. anantadarzana : darzanAvaraNIyakarma ke sarvathA naSTa ho jAne se kevaladarzana prakaTa hotA hai, ve lokAloka ke svarUpa ko dekhate 3. avyAbAdhasukha : vedanIyakarma ke kSaya ho jAne se ve vizuddha anazvara AdhyAtmika sukhoM se yukta hote haiN| 4. anantacAritra : mohanIyakarma ke naSTa ho jAne se ve kSAyika samyagdarzana aura kSAyika cAritra se yukta hote haiN| mohanIyakarma ke darzanamoha aura cAritramoha - aise do bheda kiye gae haiN| darzanamoha ke prAhaNa se yathArthadRSTi aura cAritramoha ke kSaya se yathArthacAritra (kSAyikacAritra) prakaTa hotA hai| lekina mokSadazA meM kriyA rUpa cAritra nahIM hotA, mAtra dRSTi rUpa cAritra hotA hai| ataH use kSAyika samyaktva ke antargat hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi ATha karmoM kI 31 prakRtiyoM ke kSaya hone ke AdhAra para siddhoM ke 31 guNa mAne gaye haiM, unameM yathAkhyAta cAritra ko svatantra guNa mAnA gayA hai| 5. akSayasthiti : Ayukarma ke kSaya ho jAne se ve muktAtmA akSaya pada ko prApta hotI hai| 6. arUpIpana : ve nAmakarma ke kSaya hone se varNa, gandha, rasa tathA sparza se rahita azarIrI hote haiM, kyoMki zarIra ho tabhI varNAdi hote haiN| siddha ke zarIra nahIM hai isaliye ve arUpI hote haiN| 7. agurulaghu : gautrakarma ke naSTa ho jAne se ve agurUlaghu hote haiN| sabhI siddha samAna hote haiM, unameM choTe-bar3e yA UMca-nIca kA bheda nahIM hotaa| 8. anantavIrya : antarAyakarma kA kSaya hone se unheM anantadAna, anantalAbha, anantabhoga, anantaupabhoga tathA anantavIrya prApta hotA hai arthAt AtmA ananta zakti sampanna hotI hai| lekina ina ATha karmoM ke prahANa ke AdhAra se siddhAtmA ke aSTaguNoM kI carcA mAtra eka vyAvahArika saMkalpanA hI hai| yaha siddhAtmA ke vAstavika svarUpa kI vivecanA nahIM hai| vyAvahArika daSTi se use samajhane kA prayAsa mAtra hai| vAstava meM AtmA kA svarUpa Page #409 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 358 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA anirvacanIya hai|62 AcArya nemicandra kA kahanA hai ki siddhoM ke ina aSTaguNoM kA vidhAna kevala siddhoM ke svarUpa ke sambandha se jo ekAntika mAnyatAe~ haiM, unake niSedha ke liye hai|63 siddhAtmA meM kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana rUpa meM jJAnopayoga aura darzanopayoga ko svIkAra karake unhoMne siddhAtmA ko jaDatra mAnanevAle vaibhASika, bauddhoM aura nyAya-vaizeSikoM kI dhAraNA kA pratiSedha kiyA hai| isa prakAra siddhAtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra kara mokSa ko abhAvAtmaka rUpa meM mAnane vAle cArvAka evaM sautrAntika bauddhoM kI mAnyatA kA nirasana kiyA hai| isa prakAra siddhoM ke guNoM kA yaha vidhAna bhI niSedha ke liye hai|64 184 5.11 siddha paramAtmA ke pandraha bheda : siddha paramAtmA kI AtmA svasvarUpa evaM lakSaNa kI apekSA se to eka hI prakAra kI hai| unameM koI bheda nahIM hotA, kintu jisa paryAya se ve AtmAe~ siddha hotI haiM, usa pUrvaparyAya kI apekSA se unake bheda kiye gaye haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM siddha paramAtmA ke chaH bheda prApta hote haiN|'65 yaha vibhAjana isameM liMga evaM veza ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai : 1. strIliMgasiddha; 2. puruSaliMgasiddha; 3. napuMsakaliMgasiddha; 4. svaliMgasiddha; 5. anyaliMgasiddha; aura 6. gRhaliMgasiddha / prajJApanA, nandIsUtra evaM navatatvaprakaraNAdi paravartI granthoM meM siddhoM ke 15 bheda prApta hote haiN|66 uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke TIkAkAra 162 (ka) 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 1, pR. 421 / -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / (kha) rAIdevasIya pratikramaNa sUtra (bhAvArtha sahita vivecana) / 163 gommaTasAra-jIvakANDa 66 / 164 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 1, pR. 421 / -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / 165 'itthI purisasiddhA ya tahevaya ya npuNsgaa| saliMge annaliMge ya, gihiliMge taheva ya / / 46 / / ' -uttarAdhyayanasUtra adhyayana 36 / 166 (ka) prajJApanAsUtra 1/12 / (kha) nandIsUtra 31 / (ga) navatatva prakaraNa gA. 55 evaM 56 / Page #410 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paramAtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa, aura prakAra 356 lakSmIvallabhagaNi ne bhI siddhoM ke 15 bhedoM kA varNana kiyA hai|67 siddha paramAtmA ke 15 bheda nimna prakAra se haiM : 1 jinasiddha; 2. ajinasiddha; 3. tIrthasiddha; 4. atIrthasiddha; 5. gRhasthaliMgasiddha; 6. anyaliMgasiddha; 7. svaliMgasiddha; 8. strIliMgasiddha; 6. puruSaliMgasiddha; 10. napuMsakaliMgasiddha; 11. pratyekabuddhasiddha; 12. svayaMbuddhasiddha; 13. buddhabodhitasiddha; 14. ekasiddha; aura 15. aneksiddh| siddhoM ke bheda ke sandarbha meM zvetAmbara evaM digambaroM kA matabheda __ hama pUrva meM yaha spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki svarUpa kI apekSA se siddhoM meM kisI bhI prakAra kA bheda karanA sambhava nahIM hai| siddhoM meM zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM jo bheda kiye jAte haiM, ve upacAra se kiye jAte haiN| ina bhedoM kA mUlabhUta AdhAra siddhatva kI prApti ke pUrva kI avasthA hI hotI hai| siddhatva ko prApta karane ke pUrva kI avasthA meM vyakti kisa paryAya Adi meM thA ise lekara hI bheda kiye jAte haiN| siddhoM meM pUrva paryAya kI apekSA se jo bheda kiye jAte haiM, unako lekara zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM meM kiMcit matabheda dekhA jAtA hai| sarvaprathama zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM isa bAta ko lekara yaha matabheda hai ki strI paryAya se tadbhava meM mukti hotI hai yA nahIM hotI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA yaha mAnatI hai ki strI paryAya se tadbhava meM mukti sambhava hai, jabaki digambara paramparA spaSTa rUpa se isakA virodha karatI hai| usake anusAra strI pUrNa parigraha kA tyAga karane meM samartha nahIM hai| vaha acela nahIM ho sakatI, ataH strI kI tadbhava mukti sambhava nahIM hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM strIliMga aura napuMsakaliMga siddha kI jo mAnyatAe~ haiM ve digambara paramparA ko svIkAra nahIM hai| unake anusAra mukti kevala puruSa paryAya se hI hai| isa prakAra ve strIliMga siddha aura napuMsakaliMga - ina do bhedoM ko svIkAra nahIM krte| yadyapi ve ye mAnate haiM ki strI athavA napuMsaka agale janma meM puruSa paryAya ko prApta kara siddha ho sakate haiM, kintu unakI tadbhava meM mukti sambhava nahIM hai| 167 uttarAdhyayanasUtra TIkA patra 3357 / Page #411 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 360 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA siddhoM ke bheda ko lekara dUsarA matabheda gRhasthaliMga aura anyaliMga siddha ko lekara hai| zvetAmbara paramparA yaha mAnatI hai ki koI vyakti gRhastha jIvana athavA anya paramparAoM meM gRhIta saMnyasta jIvana se bhI tadabhava meM mukta ho sakatA hai| isake liye unhoMne svaliMga aura gRhasthaliMga siddha aise siddhoM ke do bheda svIkAra kiye haiM, kintu digambara paramparA kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki siddhi kevala nirgrantha liMga se hI sambhava hai| isa prakAra siddhoM ke bheda ko lekara digambara paramparA strIliMgasiddha, napuMsakaliMgasiddha, gRhasthaliMgasiddha aura anyaliMga siddha ina cAra bhedoM ko svIkAra nahIM karatI hai| unake anusAra puruSa paryAya meM kevala nirgrantha se hI mukti hai - strI paryAya, napuMsaka paryAya, gRhastha liMga aura anya liMga se mukti sambhava nahIM hai| ataH siddhoM ke ukta cAroM bheda digambara paramparA ko mAnya nahIM haiN| / / paMcama adhyAya samApta / / Page #412 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ lezyA siddhAnta EM 2 1- kRSNalezI, 2-nIlalezI -kApotalezI 4-tejolezI - padmaLezI, 6-zuklalezI Saudication International Farvate & Personal use only. Diwvirwaineibrary.org Page #413 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Page #414 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ adhyAya 6 trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI anya avadhAraNAe~ 6.1 lezyA siddhAnta trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA vastutaH AtmA ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko hI sUcita karatI hai| usameM AtmA apanI bahirmukhatA ko tyAgakara aura antarmukha hokara kaise paramAtmasvarUpa ko upalabdha hotI hai, isakI bhI carcA hai| __ jainadarzana meM vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI isa carcA ko aneka dRSTiyoM se samajhAyA gayA hai| vastutaH unameM SaDalezyA kI avadhAraNA, karma vizuddhi ke rUpa meM 10 vizuddhiyoM kI avadhAraNA aura 14 guNasthAnoM kI avadhAraNA pramukha haiN| yahA~ hama sarvaprathama SaDlezyA kI avadhAraNA ke sambandha meM saMkSipta carcA kreNge| lezyA prANI ke bhAvajagata ke azubha se zubha kI ora honevAle vikAsa ko sUcita karatI hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se SaDlezyAoM ko nimna krama meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1. azubhatama manovRtti - kRSNalezyA; 2. azubhatara manovRtti - nIlalezyA; 3. azubha manovRtti - kApotalezyA; 4. zubha manovRtti - tejolezyA: 5. zubhatara manovRtti - padmalezyA; aura 6. zubhatama manovRtti - zuklalezyA isa prakAra SaDlezyAe~ vyakti ke zubha-azubha kI ora AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko hI sUcita karatI haiN| lezyA kA siddhAnta Page #415 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 362 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA mUlataH azubhatama avasthA se zubhatama avasthA kI ora AtmA kI vikAsa yAtrA kaise hotI hai, isI kA vivecana prastuta karatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM ina SaDlezyAoM meM vyakti kI manobhUmikA kisa prakAra kI hotI hai, isakI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| isa sambandha meM DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne apane zodha-prabandha 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' evaM mumukSu zAntA jaina ne lezyA sambandhI apane zodha prabandha meM ati vistAra se carcA kI hai| yahA~ usa samagra carcA kI gaharAI meM jAnA to sambhava nahIM hai, kintu naitika aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se ina SaDlezyAoM kI kyA sthiti hai, isakA saMkSipta vivaraNa prastuta karane kA prayAsa kreNge| lezyA jainadarzana meM lezyAe~ manobhAvoM kA vargIkaraNa hI nahIM, apitu manobhAvoM ke zubhatva aura azubhatva ke AdhAra para vyaktitva ke prakAra bhI haiN| manobhAva kevala saMkalpAtmaka hI nahIM hote, apita bAhya vyavahArarUpa meM inakI abhivyakti bhI hotI hai| vAstava meM vyakti ke saMkalpa hI karmarUpa meM parivartita hote haiN| breDale kA kahanA hai ki cAhe hama manobhAva kaheM yA saMkalpa, ye vyakti ke AcaraNa ke preraNAsrotra haiN| manobhAva aura AcaraNa karma ke kSetra meM pRthaka-pRthaka nahIM hote haiN| AcaraNa arthAta AdatoM se saMkalpoM kI manobhUmi banatI hai aura saMkalpoM kI manobhUmi para hI AcaraNa kI AdhArazilA sthita hotI hai| manobhAvoM aura bAhya vyavahAra meM atyanta ghaniSTa sambandha hai| vyakti kI AdatoM ke AdhAra para usake vicAra yA manobhAva banate haiM aura ye manobhAva hI suddar3ha hokara Adata bana jAte haiN| Adata vyakti ke vyaktitva kI paricAyaka hotI hai| vyakti ke soca vicAra aura vyavahAra ke AdhAra para usakA vyaktitva nirmita hotA hai| manobhAvoM evaM bAhya vyavahAra ke zubhatva ' uttarAdhyayanasUtra adhyAya 34 / 2 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga 1' pR. 512-22 / -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina / 3 'lezyA aura manovijJAna' pR. 27 / Page #416 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI anya avadhAraNAe~ 363 aura azubhatva ke AdhAra para usake vyakti kA nirdhAraNa karanA, yahI lezyA siddhAnta kA mukhya pratipAdya hai| sAmAnyatayA isa AdhAra para vyakti ko dhArmika yA adhArmika athavA kRSNapakSI yA zuklapakSI athavA samyagdRSTi yA mithyAdRSTi kahA jAtA haiN| jisake AcAra, vyavahAra aura manobhAva azubha hote haiM, use mithyAdRSTi, kRSNapakSI yA adhArmika kahA jAtA hai| isake viparIta jisake AcAra vyavahAra aura manobhAva zubha hote haiM, use zuklapakSI, samyagdRSTi yA dhArmika kahA jAtA hai| zubhatva aura azubhatva yaha eka sAmAnya avadhAraNA hai, kintu zubhatva-azubhatva meM aneka koTiyA~ hotI haiN| sAmAnya rUpa se unheM hama azubhatama, azubhatara aura azubha, zubha, zubhatara aura zubhatama - SaDvidha lezyAoM ke rUpa meM jAnate haiN| vaise inakI bhI AvAntara koTiyA~ ho sakatI haiN| zubhatva aura azubhatva - inakI isa taratamatA ke AdhAra para jaina dArzanikoM ne vyaktitva ke 3, 6, 81 aura 243 upabheda bhI kiye haiN| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne aneka aitihAsika sAkSyoM se yaha pramANita kara diyA hai ki lezyA kI avadhAraNA jaina darzana kI apanI prAcIna evaM maulika avadhAraNA hai| yahA~ hama inakI adhika gaharAI meM na jAkara sAmAnya rUpa se SaDlezyAoM kI carcA kreNge| SaDlezyAoM kI avadhAraNA __ jaina dArzanikoM ne lezyA kI paribhASA karate hue kahA hai ki AtmA aura karma kA sambandha lezyA ke kAraNa hai| citta meM uThanevAlI vicAra taraMgoM ko lezyA kahA gayA hai| jaise sAgara meM havA ke jhoMke Ane para lahareM uThatI hai, vaise hI AtmArUpI sAgara meM karmarUpI havA ke jhoMke Ane athavA bhAva karma ke udaya hone para viSaya, vikAra aura vicAra rupI taraMgeM uThane lagatI haiN| isI taraha lezyAe~ hotI haiN| sthAnAMgavRtti meM lezyA ke svarUpa kA paricaya dete hue kahA gayA hai ki isake dvArA AtmA karmoM se lipta hotI haiN| lezyA ke sambandha meM tIna mata nimna prakAra se batAye gae haiM : 4 'jaina dharma kA lezyA siddhAnta' (zramaNapatrikA 1665 aMka 4-6) / 5 (ka) 'lizyate prANI karmaNA yayA sA lezyA' -sthAnAMgavRtti patra 26 / (kha) 'liMpaI appIkIraI' -gommaTasAra jI. adhi. 15 gA. 486 / Page #417 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 364 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 1. lezyA yoga-pariNAma hai| 2. lezyA karma-pariNAma hai| aura 3. lezyA kaSAya-pariNAma hai| sthAnAMgasUtra evaM prajJApanA meM jIva ke dasa pariNAma batAye gae hai| Agama meM lezyA ke rUpa meM samAdhAna milatA hai| AtmA aura karma ko jor3ane vAlA yA lipta karanevAlA setu lezyA hai|deg dhavalA meM lezyA ko paribhASita karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki 'limpatIti lezyA, karmabhirAtmA nAmityadhyAhAraprekSitvAt AtmapravRtti saMzleSakArI leshyaa|' arthAt jo lezyA karmoM se AtmA kA lepana (lipta) karatI hai, use lezyA kahA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM lezyA ke pariNAmoM kI saMkhyA 243 batAI gaI hai|" lezyA kA adhikAdhika asaMkhya avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI kAla jitanA samaya ho sakatA hai aura utane hI sthala ho sakate haiN| asaMkhyAta lokAkAza pradezoM ke samAna lezyAoM ke sthAna haiN| navAMgITIkAkAra AcArya abhayadevasUri ke anusAra kRSNa Adi dravya-vargaNAoM ke sambandha meM honevAle jIva ke pariNAma ko lezyA kahate haiN| isa prasaMga meM eka prAcIna gAthA uddhRta hai 'kRSNAdi dravyasAcivyAt pariNAmo ya AtmanaH / sphaTikasyeva tatrAyaM lezyA zabda pryujyte||' arthAt sphaTikamaNi ko jisa raMga ke dhAge meM piroyA jAtA hai, vaha vaisA hI paribhASita hotA hai; usI prakAra jaisI karmavargaNAe~ jIva ke sammukha AtI haiM, vaise hI jIva ke pariNAma AtmapariNAma bana jAte haiN| ThIka vaise hI lezyA bhI una AtmapariNAmoM kA hetu hai| zAntyAcArya ne lezyA kI aneka paribhASAe~ prastuta kI haiM jo lezyA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karane meM sahAyaka hotI haiN| unhoMne lezyA ko 6 'yoga pariNAmo lezyA' 7 'karma niSyando lezyA' 'teca paramArthataH kaSAya-svarUpa evaM' 6 (ka) 'dasavidhe jIvapariNAme' (kha) patravaNA pada 13 sUtra / 10 thavalA 8/3/276 // ' uttarAdhyayanasUtra 34/20 / ___-sthAnAMgavRti patra 26 / -uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI vRhadvRtti a. 34 kI TIkA / -paNNavaNNApada 17, malayagiri TIkA / -ThANaM sthAna 10 sUtra 18 / Page #418 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI anya avadhAraNAe~ 365 isa prakAra paribhASita kiyA hai: 'yogaH pariNAmo lezyA "2 arthAt yoga kA pariNAma lezyA hai / lezyA aura yoga kA avinAbhAva sambandha hai / yoga kA viccheda hote hI lezyA kA parisamApana ho jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM yoga ko kapar3A aura lezyA ko raMga kahA jA sakatA hai| yoga ke sadbhAvoM meM lezyA kA sadbhAva tathA yoga ke abhAva meM lezyA kA abhAva hotA hai / bhagavatIsUtra kI vRtti meM lezyA ko nirUpita karate hue AcArya abhayadevasUri likhate haiM ki 'kRSNAdi dravya sAnidhya janito jIva pariNAmo lezyA' arthAt AtmA aura karmapudgaloM ko anuraMjita karane vAlI yoga-pravRtti hI lezyA hai / tattvArtharAjavArtika meM AcArya akalaMka lezyA ko paribhASita karate hue likhate haiM ki 'kaSAyodaya raMjitA yogapravRttiH lezyA' arthAt kaSAya se malina Atmapradeza kI caMcalatAmaya yogapravRtti ko hI lezyA kahA gayA hai / 'karmanisyandoM lezyA yataH karma sthiti hetavo lezyA', arthAt jisake dvArA karma kI sthiti kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai, vaha lezyA hai| karma ke udayaM se jIva kI bhAvadhArA hI lezyA kahalAtI hai / karmoM ke sthitibandha kA hetu lezyA hotI hai| kyoMki yaha zubhAzubha bhAvarUpa rasa DAlatI hai, kintu kaSAya ke abhAva meM terahaveM guNasthAna meM zuklalezyA kA sadbhAva mAnA gayA hai vaha vicAraNIya hai, vaha yoga nimitta hI hai| ayogI kevalI kI sthiti meM lezyA kA abhAva ho jAtA hai / bhagavatIsUtra evaM prajJApanA meM 15 dvAroM se lezyA kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| tattvArtharAjavArtika evaM gommaTasAra meM bhI lezyA ke 16 dvAroM kI samIkSA kI gaI hai|" lezyA AtmapariNAmarUpa bhI hai tathA AtmapariNAma kI saMvAhikA bhI hai| bhAvadIpikA meM anantAnubandhI Adi cAra kaSAyoM kI apekSA se lezyA ke 72 bhedoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai|" ve zubha aura azubha mAnasika pariNAma ko lezyA 12 uttarAdhyayana sUtra TIkA patra 650 ( zAntyAcArya) | 13 (ka) bhagavatIsUtra 4/10/8 | (kha) prajJApanA 17 / 4 /1 / (ka) tattvArtharAjavArtika pR. 238 / (kha) gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ) 461-62 / bhAvadIpikA pR. 85- 61 / 14 15 - aMgasuttANi (lADanUM) khaNDa 2 pR. 1851 / uvaMgasuttANi (lADanUM) pR. 2667 / Page #419 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 366 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kahate haiN|6 gommaTasAra jIvakANDa meM AcArya nemicandra ne kahA haiM ki jisake dvArA AtmA apane ko puNya-pApa se lipta karatI hai, use lezyA kahate hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM AcArya pUjyapAda ne lezyA ke bheda kie haiM : 'lezyA dvividhA, dravyalezyA, bhAvalezyA ceti' arthAt lezyA do prakAra kI hai : 1. dravyalezyA; evaM 2. bhAva leshyaa| 1. dravyalezyA : dravyalezyA sUkSma bhautika tatvoM se nirmita hai| zarIra kI prabhA ko Agama meM dravyalezyA kahA gayA hai| dravyalezyA paudgalika hai ataH pudgala ke sabhI guNa isameM vidyamAna haiN| dravyalezyA meM pAMca varNa, pAMca rasa, do gandha aura ATha sparza hote haiN| kSetra kI dRSTi se usakA vistAra lokAkAza taka ho sakatA hai| vaha asaMkhyAta AkAza pradezoM kA avagAhana karatI rahatI hai| kAla kI apekSA se vaha zAzvata hai| kabhI aisA nahIM huA kI dravyalezyA kA astitva na rahA ho! jisa prakAra pittadravya kI vizeSatA se svabhAva meM krodhIpana AtA hai aura krodha ke kAraNa pitta kA nirmANa bahula rUpa meM hotA hai; usI prakAra ina sUkSma bhautika tatvoM se manobhAva banate haiM aura manobhAvoM ke hone para ina sUkSma saMracanAoM kA nirmANa hotA hai| inake svarUpa ke sambandha meM paNDita sukhalAlajI evaM rAjendrasUrijI ne tIna matoM kA ullekha kiyA haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM : .. 1. lezyAe~ dravya karmavargaNAoM se banI huI haiN| yaha mata uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI TIkA meM ullikhita hai| 2. lezyA dravya badhyamAna karmapravAha hai| yaha mata bhI uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI TIkA meM vAdivaitAla zAntisUri dvArA ullekhita hai| 3. lezyA yogapariNAma hai arthAt zArIrika vAcika aura mAnasika kriyAoM kA pariNAma hai| yaha mata AcArya haribhadra kA hai| -dhavalA, 8/3 / 16 'jIvakammANaM saMsilesayaNayarI, michattAsaMjamakaSAyajogA tti bhaNidaM hodi / ' 17 gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) 486 / 18 sarvArthasiddhi 2/7 / 16 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 34/3 / 20 (ka) 'darzana aura cintana' bhAga 2 pR. 267; (kha) abhidhAnarAjendrakoza khaNDa 6 pR. 675 / -paM. sukhalAlajI / Page #420 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI anya avadhAraNAe~ 367 dravyalezyA kA kAraNa varNa nAmakarma kA udaya honA hai, jabaki bhAva lezyA hamArI manobhAvanA hai| dravyalezyA ke chaH bheda hote haiN| jinakA nirdeza Agama meM kRSNAdi chaH raMgoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai| kRSNalezyA bhauMre ke raMga ke samAna kAlI hai| nIlalezyA-nIlamaNi ke raMga ke samAna yA AkAza ke raMga jaisI hai| isI prakAra kApotalezyA kabUtara kI grIvA ke samAna, pItalezyA suvarNa ke samAna, padamalezyA kamala ke varNa ke samAna aura zukla lezyA kAMsa ke phUla ke samAna zveta varNa vAlI hotI hai| jIva kI yaha dravyalezyA nAraka evaM devoM paryanta ekasI rahatI hai| dravyalezyA AtmA kA bAharI sAra hai, jisakA AdhAra paudgalika hai| 2. bhAvalezyA : __ bhAvalezyA AtmA kA adhyavasAya yA antaHkaraNa kI vRtti hai| kaSAya se anuraMjita mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti ko pUjyapAda Adi AcAryoM ne bhAvalezyA kahA hai|' bhAvalezyA svayaM jIva kA pariNAma hai| prajJApanAsUtra meM bhAvalezyA kI apekSA se jIva ke dasa pariNAmoM meM lezyA ko bhI ginA gayA hai| cUMki bhAvalezyA jIva hai, ataH jIva kI sabhI vizeSatAe~ usameM honA svAbhAvika hai| apane svabhAva ke anusAra bhAvalezyA varNa, gandha, rasa evaM sparza se rahita hai| vaha arUpI hai, isalie sarvathA bhAramukta hai| jainadarzana meM ise agurUlaghu nAma se bhI kahA gayA hai| paM. sukhalAlajI ke zabdoM meM bhAvalezyA AtmA kA manobhAva vizeSa hai, jo saMkleza aura yoga se anugata hai| saMkleza ke tIvra, tIvratara evaM tIvratama aura manda, mandatara aura mandatama Adi aneka bheda hone se lezyA (manobhAva) vastutaH aneka prakAra kI hai, tathApi saMkSepa meM chaH bheda karake Agama meM usakA varNana kiyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayanasatra meM lezyAoM ke svarUpa kA nirvacana vividha pakSoM ke AdhAra para vistRta rUpa se bhI huA hai|2 bhAvalezyA ke pariNamana kA AdhAra bhAvoM kI pavitratA aura apavitratA hai| jaba bhAva pavitra hote haiM taba prANI kRSNalezyA 21 (ka) savArthasiddhi, 2/6; (kha) gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) 536 / 22 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 34/3 / Page #421 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 368 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA se nIlalezyA kI sthiti meM pahu~catA hai| jaba bhAva apavitra hote haiM, taba cetanA kA punaH nIlalezyA se kRSNalezyA meM pariNamana hotA hai| vastutaH bhAvalezyA hI jIva kI acchI aura burI gati kA kAraNa hai| prazasta bhAvalezyA se jIva kI acchI gati aura aprazasta bhAvalezyA se jIva kI burI gati hotI hai| bhAvalezyA Antarika stara hai, jisakA AdhAra rAga-dveSAtmaka pariNati haiN| ye bhI cha: lezyAe~ hotI haiM - pUrva kI tIna lezyAe~ azubha aura anta kI tIna lezyAe~ zubha hotI haiN|23 bhAvalezyA AtmA ke pariNAmoM ke anusAra badalatI rahatI haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM lezyAoM ke mukhyataH chaH prakAra upalabdha hote haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM : 1. kRSNalezyA; 2. nIlalezyA; 3. kApotalezyA; 4. tejolezyA; 5. padmalezyA aura 6. shuklleshyaa| 1. kRSNalezyA : paMcasaMgraha meM kRSNalezyA ke lakSaNoM kI vivecanA kI gaI hai| jo tIvra krodha karane vAle hoM, vairabhAva se santRpta hoM, lar3anA-bhir3anA jisakA svabhAva ho, dharma aura dayAbhAva se rahita hoM, duSTa hoM - ve kRSNa lezyA vAle hote haiN| krUra, nirlajja, avicArI, nRzaMsa, kleza, santApa, hiMsA nirdayatA, tApa, asantoSa, tIvra-vaira evaM atikrodha apane mana para kisI bhI prakAra kA niyantraNa na honA Adi kRSNa lezyA ke lakSaNa haiN| isakA varNa amAvasa kI rAta jaisA gaharA kAlA, snigdha bAdala, bhaiMsa, khaMjanapakSI, aMjana nayanatArA ke sadRza hotA hai| isakA rasa kaDue tumbe aura nIma ke samAna hai| isakI gandha gAya, kutte evaM sarpa ke mRta kalevara se bhI anantagunA aniSTa hotI hai tathA sparza zakavRkSa ke samAna ati karkaza hotA hai|24 bhAratIya paramparA meM yama (mRtyu) ko kAle raMga meM darzAyA jAtA hai| kAlA raMga azubha aura kaluSatA kA pratIka hai| kAlA AbhAmaNDala dekhakara vaijJAnika vyakti ko hiMsaka, krodhI aura bhayaMkara krUra bhAva zreNI meM svIkAra karate haiN| usake vicAra jaise jAmuna ko khAne ke 23 gommaTasAra 506-17 / 24 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 34/4, 10, 16 evaM 18 / Page #422 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI anya avadhAraNAe~ 366 liye pUre vRkSa ko jar3a-mUla se kATanA; alpa sukhAnubhUti ke lie pUre vRkSa ko jar3amUla se kATanA; asaMkhya jIvoM kI hiMsA karane ke bhAva Adi hote haiN| kRSNalezyAvAle jIva ke svabhAva meM pracaNDatA hotI hai| bematalaba vRkSa kI pattiyA~ masalanA, kucalanA, vyartha hI idhara-udhara DAlanA, krodha meM baccoM ko gAlI denA, AMkheM phUTa jAyeM, TAMga TUTa jAyeM Adi kahanA - yaha kRSNalezyA hai| aise jIva aindrika viSayoM kI pUrti hetu satata prayatnazIla hote haiM tathA krUra svabhAva ke vazIbhUta hone se unameM hitAhita kA vicAra karane kI kSamatA nahIM hotii| kRSNalezyA vAle jIva kI jaghanya sthiti eka muhUrta evaM utkRSTa antarmuhUrta adhika taiMtIsa sAgaropama hai| sAtaveM naraka ke jIvoM kI utkRSTa Ayu taiMtIsa sAgaropama hai5 evaM ve dravyApekSA se kRSNalezyA vAle hI hote haiN| unameM nikRSTatama durguNoM kA nivAsa hotA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kRSNalezyA ko narakagati kA hetu batAyA gayA hai| yaha lezyA durgati kA kAraNa hotI hai|6 kRSNalezyAvAlA vyakti kartavya vimukha hotA hai| 2. nIlalezyA : tiloyapaNNati27 meM nIlalezyA ke lakSaNoM ke viSaya meM vivecana isa prakAra upalabdha hotA hai ki nIlalezyA vAle viSayoM meM Asakta, matihIna, mAnI, vivekabuddhi se rahita, manda, AlasI, kAyara, atyadhika mAyA, prapaMca meM lIna, nidrAzIla, dUsaroM ko Thagane meM tatpara, lobha meM andhe, IrSyAlu, kadAgrahI, ajJAnI, pramAdI atapasvI, rasalolupa, nirlajja, zaTha evaM sukha ke gaveSaka hote haiN| ve dUsaroM ko hAni pahu~cAkara svayaM kI svArtha-siddhi meM sajaga rahate haiN| Alasya, mUrkhatA, kArya ke prati aniSThA, tRSNA, jhUTha, caMcalatA, atilobha Adi nIlalezyA ke lakSaNa haiN| nIlalezyA dvitIya lezyA hai, isameM kAlApana kucha halkA ho 15 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 34/34 evaM 56 / 26 vahI 34/41 evaM 43 / 27 (ka) tiloyapatratti 2/265-301 / (kha) gommaTasAra 506 evaM 517 / 28 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 34/23 evaM 24 / Page #423 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA jAtA hai / isakA raMga, azokavRkSa tathA snigdha-vaiDUryamaNi ke samAna nIlA hotA hai| rasa sauMTha, pIpala, kAlImirca se anantagunA tikta ( ati tIkhA ) hotA hai / 26 isakI gandha mRta gAya, mRta kutte aura mRta sarpa kI durgandha se bhI anantagunA hotI hai| gAya kI jIbha se anantagunA karkaza (khuradurA) isakA sparza hai / nIlalezyAvAle svArthI hote haiM, kintu kRSNalezyA kI apekSA inake vicAra kucha santulita hote haiN| inakI jaghanya sthiti antarmuhUrta aura utkRSTa sthiti palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga adhika dasa sAgaropama kI hotI hai / isa lezyA vAle jIva kI bhI durgati hotI hai / nIlalezyAvAlA vyakti bAhya rUpa meM jo hita karatA sA dikhAI detA hai, usake pIche bhI usakA gaharA svArtha chupA rahatA hai| nIlalezyAvAle ko mAMgane para bhI lajjA kA anubhava nahIM hotA / nIlalezyA se jIva naraka gati meM bhI jAtA hai / uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kRSNa, nIla va kApota lezyA ko durgati kA kAraNa aura naraka tathA tiryaMca gati kA hetu batAyA gayA hai / eka jIva bhAvoM ke AdhAra para aneka sthAnoM kA sparza kara sakatA hai| chahoM lezyAoM meM kevala mithyAdRSTi jIva hI raha sakatA hai / aisI nIlalezyA kI pariNati hotI hai / jaba apratyAkhyAnI kaSAya kI nIlalezyA ho, taba kRSNalezyA se nIlalezyA kiMcit ujjvala hotI hai| anantAnubandhI kaSAya kI nIlalezyA se yukta vyakti AlasI, nidrAlu, parivAra Adi meM atyadhika Asakti, dhana saMgraha kI lipsA, vikathA aura moha bhAva isa avasthA meM vizeSa hotA hai / " isa prakAra nIlalezyA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 370 26 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 34 / 5 evaM 11 / 30 vahI 34 / 35 evaM 56 / 31 gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) adhi. 15 gA. 511 / Page #424 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI anya avadhAraNAe~ 3. kApotalezyA : kApotalezyA tRtIya lezyA hai| isakI manovRtti bhI dUSita hotI hai / 32 isa manovRtti meM prANI ke vyavahAra meM mana, vacana aura karma se ekarUpatA nahIM hotI / kApotalezyAvAlA vyakti dUsaroM para roSa karatA hai, dUsaroM kI nindA karatA hai aura apanI prazaMsA karatA hai| dUsaroM ko nimna dRSTi se dekhatA hai / kApotalezyA vAle vyakti ke manobhAva meM saralatA evaM sahajatA nahIM hotI hai, apitu kapaTa aura ahaMkAra hotA hai / vaha sadaiva apane doSoM ko chipAne kI koziza karatA hai| vaha dUsaroM kI gupta bAtoM ko prakaTa karake apanA hita sAdhanevAlA; unake dhana kA apaharaNa karanevAlA aura mAtsarya bhAvoM se yukta hotA hai / yaha vyakti dUsaroM kA hita bhI tabhI karatA hai, jaba usase usakI svArtha siddhi hotI hai / 33 pUrva kI do lezyAoM se zubhra, kintu anya lezyAoM se malina pariNAma isa lezyA ke hote haiN| zIghra rUSTa honevAle, choTI-choTI bAta meM cir3acir3AnevAle, adhika ha~sanevAle, cora, atyadhika zokAkula Adi svabhAvavAle ko uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kApotalezyA se yukta kahA gayA hai / tattvArtharAjavArtika 34 meM isake lakSaNa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki - -- 'mAtsarya - paizunya-para- paribhavAtma-prazaMsA-paraparivAdavRddhihAnyagaNAnAtmIya- jIvita- nirAzatA - prazasyamAnadhanadAna yuddhamaraNodyamAdi kApotalezyA lakSaNam' 371 arthAt nindA, cugalakhorI, paraparibhava, AtmaprazaMsA, paraparivAda, jIvana meM nairAzya, prazasaMka ko dhana pradAna karanA, yuddha meM marane ke lie taiyAra honA Adi kApotalezyA ke lakSaNa haiM / isakA raMga alasI ke tela, kaMTaka evaM kabUtara kI grIvA ke samAna tathA isakA rasa kacce Ama ke rasa se anantagunA adhika khaTTA 32 33 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 34 / 25 evaM 26 / vahI / 34 tattvArtharAjavartika 4 / 22 / Page #425 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 372 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA (kasailA) hotA hai| isakI gandha sar3I huI lAza kI durgandha jaisI hotI hai| isakA sparza kama khuradarA hotA hai| ___kApotalezyAvAle jIvoM ke bhAvoM meM yadyapi kRSNa evaM nIlalezyA kI apekSA azubhatA kama hotI hai, kintu ve kuTila to hote hI haiN|36 svayaM kI prazaMsA aura dUsaroM kI nindA karanA unakA nazA hotA hai| aise jIvoM ke anya bhAva hote haiM - dUsaroM ke samakSa apanI prazaMsA ke pula bAMdhate rahanA, pApa bhIrUtA na honA, mRtyu samIpa hone para bhaya honA ityaadi| kApotalezyA kI jaghanya sthiti antarmuhUrta evaM utkRSTa sthiti palyopama kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga adhika tIna sAgaropama hai| yaha bhI azubha lezyA hai| yaha lezyA durgati meM le jAnevAlI hai|37 kApotalezyA ko pazu-pakSI rUpa tiryaMcagati ke bandha kA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| 4. tejolezyA (pItalezyA) : isa lezyA ko pItalezyA bhI kahate haiN| paMcasaMgraha meM tejolezyA ke lakSaNa ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti apane kartavya-akartavya ko jAnatA ho, sabhI meM samadarzI ho, dayA aura dAna meM saMlagna ho, mRdusvabhAvI aura jJAnI ho tathA dAnazIlatA, satyavAditA, mitratA, dayAlutA, sahiSNutA, svakArya-dakSatA, zreya-azreya kA viveka, namratA, niSkapaTatA, kArya-akArya kA yathArtha jJAnavAlA, kaunasA karane yA kaunasA bolane yogya hai, par3hane yogya kyA hai aura kyA nahIM hai, isake vivekavAlA, UrjA kA sadupayoga karane vAle Adi guNoM se yukta ho; vaha tejolezyAvAlA hotA hai| usameM pUrNataH viveka hotA hai| sAdhana-prasAdhana upalabdha hone para bhI vaha saMyamI hotA hai| isa lezyAvAle kA mandakaSAya hotA hai| tejolezyAvAlA vyakti zaktisampanna to hotA hai, kintu sAtha-sAtha ahaMkArI bhI hotA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra ise tejolezyA 35 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 34/6 / 36 vahI 34/25-26 / 37 vahI 34/36-56 / 28 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 34/27-28 / Page #426 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI anya avadhAraNAe~ 373 evaM gommaTasAra meM pItalezyA ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai|36 isake raMga (varNa) kA vizleSaNa karate hue uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM isakA raMga hiMgula, merU, navodita sUrya ke samAna siMdUrI, tote kI coMca tathA pradIpa kI lau ke samAna lAla (raktavarNa) batAyA gayA hai|0 lAla raMga krAnti kA pratIka hai| isa lezyAvAlA vyakti bhI adharmalezyA se dharmalezyA kI ora gatizIla hotA hai| usakA yaha kArya krAntikArI hai| isI kAraNa isa lezyA ke varNa kI sArthakatA mAnI jA sakatI hai| isakA rasa pake Ama ke rasa yA kabITa ke rasa se anantagunA khaTTA-mIThA hotA hai| isa lezyA kI gandha gulAba ke puSpa jaisI tathA pIse jA rahe sugandhita padArthoM kI sugandha se anantagunA adhika hotI hai| isakA sparza makkhana, zirISa-puSpoM ke komala sparza se anantagunA komala hotA hai| isa lezyAvAle jIvoM kA svabhAva namra aura acapala hotA hai| ve pApabhIrU tapasvI, sevAbhAvI jitendriya aura mokSamArga ke . abhimukha hote haiN| tejolezyAvAlA anaitika AcaraNa kI ora pravRtta nahIM hotA, phira bhI vaha sukhApekSI hotA hai| kintu vaha anaitika AcaraNa dvArA sukhoM kI prApti yA apane svArtha kI siddhi nahIM karatA hai| dhArmika AcaraNa meM usakI pUrNa AsthA hotI hai| isa manobhUmi meM vyakti dUsare ke kalyANa kI bhAvanA se yukta hotA hai| vaha pavitra AcaraNavAlA, dhairyavAna, niSkapaTa, AkA~kSArahita, vinIta saMyamI aura yogI hotA hai|2 vaha priya evaM dRr3hadharmI tathA hitaiSI hotA hai evaM dUsare ke ahita kI kAmanA taba taka nahIM karatA, jaba taka dUsarA usake hitoM kA hanana na kre| isa lezyA kI jaghanya sthiti antarmahurta evaM utkRSTa palyopama ke asaMkhyAtave bhAga adhika do sAgaropama kI hai| yaha lezyA sugati kI ora agrasara karanevAlI hai|3 tejolezyA ko manuSya gati ke bandha kA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| 26 (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra a. 33 gA. 8, 14 / (kha) gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) adhi. 15 gA. 5/4 / 10 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 34/7 / " vahI 34/13 / 12 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 34/27-28 / 43 vahI 34/17, 16, 27, 28, 37 evaM 57 / Page #427 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 374 5. padmalezyA : isa lezyA kI manobhUmi meM tejolazyA kI apekSA pavitratA yA dharmabhAvanA adhika hotI hai / yaha zubha lezyAoM kA dvitIya caraNa hai / isa manobhUmi meM ve vyakti Ate haiM jo tyAgI hoM, tapasvI hoM, jinakI krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha rUpa azubha pravRttiyA~ atyanta alpa hoM, jo aparAdhI ke prati bhI kSamAzIla hoM, bhadra hoM, sacce hoM, uttama kArya karanevAle hoM, zramaNa - zramaNIvRnda kI sevA bhakti meM nimagna hoM, sAtha hI saMyamI aura AtmajayI hoN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki isakA raMga haritAla, haldI aura kamala ke puSpa ke samAna pIlA hotA hai / isakA rasa madhu se anantagunA mIThA hotA hai / isa lezyA kI gandha kamala-puSpa yA sugandhita phUloM kI gandha se anantagunA adhika iSTa hotI haiN| isa lezyAvAlA vyakti upazAnta, jitendriya, alpabhASI evaM dhyAna-sAdhanA meM saMlagna rahatA hai / 46 isa lezyA kI jaghanya sthiti arntamuhUrta aura utkRSTa sthiti muhUrta adhika dasa sAgaropama hotI hai| padmalezyAvAlA jIva mandakaSAya aura prazAntacitta vAlA hotA hai / 47 vaha satya kA mAtra jJAtA hI nahIM hotA, apitu use jItA bhI hai / satya ko AtmasAt karane kI usakI icchA ati prabala hotI hai / padmalezyAvAle jIva kA citta prItiyukta hotA hai / use saMsAra asAra lagane lagatA hai / vaha AtmasAdhanA meM lIna rahatA hai / yaha lezyA sugati kI paricAyaka hai| tejolezyA kI apekSA padmalezyA ke Atma-pariNAma vizuddhatara hote haiN| padmalezyA ko devagati ke bandha kA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai I jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 6. zuklalezyA : zuklalezyA zubhatama lezyA hai| isa lezyA meM zubha- manovRtti kI zreSThatama bhUmikA hotI hai / zuklalezyAvAle vyakti kA vyavahAra 44 gommaTasAra adhi. 15/5/5 / uttarAdhyayanasUtra 34 / 8 evaM 14 / 45 46 vahI 34/26-30 / 47 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 34 / 26-30, 38 evaM 57 / 48 vahI 34 / 31 - 32 / Page #428 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI anya avadhAraNAe~ 375 niSpakSa hotA hai| vaha na kisI ke prati rAga karatA hai aura na dvess| vaha nirvaira, nirmama, nizchala, niHsvArtha aura vItarAgI hotA hai| zatru para bhI vaha karUNA-bhAva rakhatA hai| vaha jagat ke kalyANa kI bhAvanA se yukta hotA hai| vaha nindA, vikathA se pare aura pApa pravRttiyoM se sarvathA mukta hotA hai|6 zukla-lezyAvAlA vyakti upazAntae jitendriya evaM prasannacitta hotA hai| vaha akaSAyI hotA hai| vaha iSTAniSTa, sampatti-vipatti, mAna-apamAna, zatru-mitra, nindA-stuti Adi sabhI sthitiyoM meM samabhAva se jItA hai| vaha pakSapAta se rahita hotA hai| zuklalezyA kA varNa pUrNimA kI cA~danI, zaMkha, sphaTikamaNi, kundapuSpa, dugdhadhArA tathA rajatahAra ke samAna zubhra hotA hai| usakA rasa mizrI, khajUra, dAkha evaM kSIra se anantagunA adhika madhura hotA hai| isakI gandha kevar3e jaise sugandhita puSpoM kI gandha se anantagunA iSTa hotI hai| isakI sugati hotI hai| isa lezyA kI jaghanya sthiti antarmuhUrta aura utkRSTa muhUrta adhika teMtIsa sAgaropama kI hotI hai|deg zukla lezyA se devagati yA siddhagati prApta hotI hai| . jaina dArzanikoM ne tejolezyA, padmalezyA aura zuklalezyA - ina tInoM lezyAoM ko dharmalezyA kahA hai| ina tInoM lezyAoM ke raMga kramazaH bhAratIya saMskRti kI mukhya tIna paramparAoM arthAt hindU, bauddha aura jaina ke paricAyaka hai| ye tInoM zubhalezyAe~ haiN| AtmavikAsa ke kSetra meM ina zubhalezyAoM ke raMgoM kI viziSTa mahattA parilakSita hotI hai| tejolezyA kA varNa lAla hai| yaha Atma-pragati kI pratIka hai| Atma-vikAsa karanevAle vaidika paramparA ke sanyAsI gairika yA lAla raMga ke vastra dhAraNa karate haiN| padmalezyA kA varNa pIlA hai| pIle varNa kA dhyAna karane se uttejanA kA abhAva ho jAtA hai evaM AtmA kI divyajyoti prakaTa hotI hai| bauddha bhikSu pIle vastra dhAraNa karate haiN| zuklalezyA kA varNa zveta hai| zveta varNa Atmavizuddhi kA pratIka hai| isaliye jaina paramparA meM zramaNa-zramaNIvRnda ke liye zveta 46 vahI / 50 vahI 34/36 / Page #429 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 376 vastra dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna haiM / jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA chaH lezyAoM kA dRSTAnta : I lezyA ke pariNAmoM kI bhinnatA ko AvazyakasUtra haribhadrIya TIkA, gommaTasAra Adi granthoM meM dRSTAnta ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA gayA hai : cha: mitra the / ekadA ve jaMgala meM bhaTaka ge| sabhI mitroM ko bhUkha lagI / calate hue kucha dera bAda unheM phaloM se ladA eka jAmuna kA vRkSa dikhAI diyaa| unheM jAmuna khAne kI prabala icchA huI / mana hI mana vicAra karane lge| pahale mitra ne kahA "mitroM! isa vRkSa ko jar3amUla se kATakara girA leM, jisase ArAma se jAmuna khaaeNge| taba dUsare ne kahA " are mitroM ! sampUrNa vRkSa ko girAne se kyA phAyadA? isakI bar3I-bar3I zAkhAe~ tor3a lete haiM / " tIsare mitra ne kahA "mitroM! apane alpa sukha ke lie pUre per3a ko kATane se kitanI hiMsA hogI? kSaNabhaMgura sukha ke lie dUsare ko duHkha denA ThIka nahIM hai| isa vRkSa kI bhI AtmA hai| ise bhI sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti hotI hogii| isakI bar3I-bar3I zAkhAe~ tor3anA bhI ucita nahIM hai| isakI choTI-choTI zAkhAe~ tor3anA paryApta hogA / " cauthe mitra ne kahA " are mitroM! yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai; choTI-choTI zAkhAoM kI apekSA gucchoM ko tor3ane se hI hamArI kSudhA zAnta ho sakatI hai / " pAMcaveM mitra ne mRdu svara meM parAmarza dete hue kahA "mitroM ! jAmuna ke phaloM ke gucchoM ko tor3anA bhI vyartha hai, kyoMki una gucchoM meM pake aura kacce sabhI jAmuna hoNge| hameM to pake hue mIThe phala khAne haiM / phira kacce jAmunoM ko nirarthaka naSTa kyoM kareM? aisA kareM vRkSa ko jhakajhora deM pake hue jAmuna nIce gira jaaeNge|" chaThe mitra ne karuNArdra svara meM kahA "mitroM ! vRkSa ko jhakajhorane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? pUre vRkSa ko kSati phuNcegii| isalie yadi hameM kSudhA hI miTAnI hai; jAmuna hI khAnA hai, to jamIna para vRkSa se Tapakakara jo pake pakAe mIThe phala gire hue haiM, inheM hI uThAkara khA leN|" unhoMne vaisA hI kiyA / 1 - -- lezyAoM ke sandarbha meM jaina sAhitya meM yaha dRSTAnta bahuta prasiddha hai / isameM chaH mitroM kI manaH sthiti, vicAra, vANI tathA karma Page #430 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI anya avadhAraNAe~ 377 kramazaH chahoM lezyAoM kI manobhUmikAoM kA saTIka udAharaNa hai| chahoM mitroM kI manovRttiyA~ kramazaH lezyAoM kI paricAyaka haiN| pUrva kI tInoM lezyAe~ azubha bhAvoM kI pratIka haiN| cauthI aura pAMcavI lezyA antarAtmA ke zubhabhAvoM tathA anta kI zuklalezyA paramAtmA ke vizuddha pariNAmoM kI sUcaka hai| zuklalezyA hI AtmA se paramAtmA banane kA upAya hai| __ina SaTlezyAoM meM prathama tIna lezyAe~ azubha manovRttiyoM kI sUcaka hai| ataH ve bahirAtmA ke svarUpa se tulanIya haiN| inameM kRSNalezyA ko bahirAtmA kI nimnatama avasthA kaha sakate haiN| nIlalezyA bahirAtmA kI madhyama avasthA hai aura kapotalezyA usa bahirAtmA kI sUcaka hai, jo antarAtmA kI dizA meM abhimukha hai| tejAlezyA jaghanya antarAtmA, padmalezyA madhyama antarAtmA aura zuklalezyA utkRSTa antarAtmA kI sUcaka hai| jJAtavya hai ki apekSA bheda se sayogIkevalI paramAtmA bhI zuklalezyAvAle kahe jAte haiM, isa dRSTi se zuklalezyA paramAtmA kI bhI sUcaka hai| 6.2 karma-vizuddhi ke dasa sthAna (guNazreNiyA~) AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI eka anya avadhAraNA kA guNazreNI ke rUpa meM ullekha hai| guNazreNiyoM ko karma vizuddhiyoM ke sthAna bhI kahA jAtA hai| jainadarzana meM sarvaprathama AcArAMganiyukti aura usake pazcAt umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra aura SaTkhaNDAgama Adi meM ina dasa avasthAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| jainadarzana meM AdhyAtmika patana aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA mUla kAraNa karmabandha hai| AtmA jaise karmarupI mala se vizuddha hotI hai, vaise hI usakA AdhyAtmika vikAsa hotA hai| yahA~ trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI sUcaka antarAtmA hai, kyoMki bahirAtmA AdhyAtmika patana aura paramAtmA AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI avasthA hai| isa prakAra AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI sUcaka mAtra antarAtmA ko hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| jainadarzana meM karmavizuddhi ke jina dasa sthAnoM yA guNazreNiyoM kI carcA hai vahA~ unakA sambandha antarAtmA se hI hai| antarAtmA kI karmavizuddhi ke AdhAra para hI ye dasa avasthAe~ nirmita kI gaI haiN| yadyapi inameM 'jina' eka aisI avasthA hai jo Page #431 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 378 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA paramAtmA kI sUcaka hai; kyoMki vaha AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA antima caraNa hai| AcArAMganiyukti aura tattvArthasUtra meM jina dasa avasthAoM kA ullekha milatA hai, unake nAma isa prakAra haiM : (1) samyagdRSTi; (2) zrAvaka (3) virata; (4) anantaviyojaka; (5) darzanamohakSapaka; (6) upazamaka; (7) upazAntamoha; (8) kSapaka; (6) kSINamoha; aura (10) jin| (1) samyagdRSTi : isa avasthA meM mithyAtva dUra hokara samyaktva kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| . (2) zrAvaka : isameM apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya ke kSayopazama se alpAMza meM virati (tyAga) prakaTa hotA hai| virata : isameM pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya ke kSayopazama sarvAMza meM virati prakaTa hotI hai| anantaviyojaka : isameM anantAnubandhI kaSAya kA kSaya karane yogya vizuddhi prakaTa hotI hai| darzanamohakSapaka : isameM darzanamoha kA kSaya karane yogya vizuddhi prakaTa hotI hai| (6) upazamaka : isa avasthA meM moha kI zeSa prakRtiyoM kA upazama jArI rahatA hai| (7) upazAntamoha : isameM upazama pUrNa ho jAtA rahatA hai| (8) kSapaka : jisameM moha kI zeSa prakRtiyoM kA kSaya jArI rahatA hai| (E) kSINamoha : isameM moha kA kSaya pUrNa siddha ho jAtA hai| (10) jina : isameM sarvajJatA prakaTa ho jAtI hai| ina dasa avasthAoM kA svarUpa mokSAbhimukhatA samyagdRSTi kI prApti se hI prArambha ho jAtA hai| karmabandhanoM kA sarvathA kSaya hI mokSa hai evaM karmoM kA aMzataH kSaya nirjarA hai| nirjarA mokSa kA pUrvagAmI aMga hai| yahA~ viziSTa AtmAoM kI hI karmanirjarA ke krama kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| ve viziSTa mokSAbhimukha AtmAe~ haiN| mokSAbhimukhatA samyagdRSTi kI " (ka) AcArAMganiyukti 22-23; (kha) tattvArthasUtra 6/47; (ga) SaGkhaNDAgama, kRtianuyogadvAra, vedanA khaNDa cUlikA gAthA 7-8 / Page #432 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI anya avadhAraNAe~ upalabdhi se hotI hai aura vaha jina (sarvajJa) avasthA meM pUrNa hotI hai / sthUladRSTi kI prApti se lekara sarvajJadazA taka mokSAbhimukhatA ke dasa vargIkaraNa isa prakAra kie gae haiM / jisameM pUrva-pUrva kI apekSA uttarottara vibhAga meM pariNAma kI vizuddhi savizeSa hotI hai / pariNAma kI vizuddhi jitanI hogI, karmanirjarA bhI utanI hI vizeSa hogI / prathama caraNa meM jitanI karmavizuddhi hotI hai, usakI apekSA uttarottara avasthA meM pariNAma vizuddhi kI vizeSatA ke kAraNa karmavizuddhi (karmanirjarA) bhI asaMkhyAtagunI bar3hatI jAtI hai| isa prakAra bar3hate-bar3hate antima caraNa meM sarvajJa avasthA meM nirjarA ( karmavizuddhi) kA pramANa sabase adhika ho jAtA hai / AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ina dasa avasthAoM meM sabase kama karmavizuddhi ( karmanirjarA) samyagdRSTi kI aura sabase adhika sarvajJa paramAtmA yA jina avasthA meM hotI hai / 2 6.3 AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke sopAna guNasthAna, paribhASA evaM svarUpa jaina dArzanikoM ne AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI vibhinna avasthAoM para gambhIratA se vicAra kiyA hai| unhoMne duHkha se mukti pAne ke lie mokSamArga kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| mokSamArga kI yAtrA meM jina sopAnoM kA ArohaNa kiyA jAtA hai, unheM guNasthAna kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| AdhyAtmika vizuddhi ke vibhinna staroM ko sUcita karane ke lie jainadarzana meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA upalabdha hotI hai / vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA mUlyAMkana isI avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para hotA hai| AcArya nemicandra gommaTasAra jIvakANDa kI gAthA 3 ke pUrvArddha meM guNasthAna kI paribhASA karate hue likhate haiM ki 'saMkheo odhAMtti ya guNasaNNA sA ca mohajogabhAvA / 53 arthAta moha aura yoga ke nimitta se jIva ke zraddhA aura cAritra guNa kI honevAlI tAratamyarUpa avasthAoM ko guNasthAna kahate haiM / 52 'samyagdRSTi zrAvaka viratAnantaviyojaka darzanamoha - kSapakopazamakopazAnta / mohakSapaka kSINamohajinAH kramazo'saMkhyeyaguNanirjarAH / / 47 / / ' 53 gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ) 3/8 / 376 - tattvArthasUtra a. 6 / Page #433 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA SaTkhaNDAgama meM guNasthAna ko jIvasamAsa bhI kahA gayA hai / jainadarzana meM jIva ke urdhvagAmI vikAsakrama ko guNasthAna ke nAma se vyAkhyAta kiyA gayA hai / 54 moha aura yoga ke kAraNa jIva ke antaraMga pariNAmoM meM pratikSaNa honevAle utAra-car3hAva ko guNasthAna kahA gayA hai| karmoM kA udaya, upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazama hI guNasthAnoM kA pramukha kAraNa hai| dUsare zabdoM meM karmoM ke nimitta AtmA ke jJAna, darzana aura cAritra guNa ke vikAsa -hAsa kI guNazreNiyA~ hI guNasthAna haiM / yaha guNasthAna zabda do zabdoM se banA hai : guNa + sthAna / guNa kA artha jJAna, darzana aura cAritra se hai aura sthAna kA abhiprAya avasthA, sthiti, zreNIvizeSa se hai / jIvAtmA kI azuddhatama avasthA ke parihAra se lekara zuddhAtmadazA arthAt muktAvasthA taka kI vikAsa bhUmikAe~ guNasthAna haiM / jainadarzana meM guNasthAnoM ko caudaha bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| AtmA uttarottara nirmala hokara AdhyAtmika dRSTi se vikAsa karatI hai| guNasthAna AtmA ke mUlaguNa arthAt svasvabhAva ke karmoM se AvRtta hone yA usakI vizuddhi kI vibhinna sthitiyAM haiM / " AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ina avasthAoM se Age bar3hate-bar3hate vikAsa kI uccatamadazA arthAt mokSa taka pahu~cane kA bahuta hI sUkSma, mArmika evaM manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa isa guNasthAna siddhAnta ke antargata kiyA gayA hai| caudahavAM guNasthAna AtmA kI pUrNataH zuddhAvasthA hai / vahA~ AtmA zAzvata, ananta, azeSa, parama Ananda aura zAnti ko upalabdha kara letI hai / 6 jainadarzana meM nimna caudaha guNasthAna svIkAra kie gae haiM : 380 1. mithyAdRSTi; 3. mizra; 5. dezavirata; 7. apramattasaMyata; 6. anivRttibAdara; 11. upazAntamoha; 13. sayogIkevalI; aura 54 jainadarzana, pR. 463 / 55 mUlAcAra (uttarArdha) gA. 642 / 56 gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) gA. 6-10 / 2. sAsvAdana (samyagdRSTi); 4. avirata samyagdRSTi; 6. pramattasaMyata; 8. nivRttibAdara (apUrvakaraNa); 10. sUkSmasamparAya; 12. kSINamoha; 14. ayogIkevalI / - mohanalAla mehatA | Page #434 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI anya avadhAraNAe~ 381 ina guNasthAnoM kA vibhAjana utkRSTa malina pariNAmoM se lekara vizuddha pariNAmoM taka athavA kaSAya evaM 'vItarAga pariNAma' kI vibhinna avasthAoM ke krama ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai|57 1. mithyAtvaguNasthAna mithyAtvaguNasthAna se hI jIva apanI AdhyAtmika vikAsa yAtrA prArambha karate haiN| vartamAna meM jitane bhI siddhaparamAtmA siddhAlaya meM virAjamAna haiM, ve bhUtakAla meM isI mithyAtva guNasthAna meM the| ve sabhI mithyAtva kA nAza karake apanI sAdhanA ke bala se siddhAlaya meM pahuMce haiN| AcArya vIrasena ne dhavalA meM mithyA ko vitatha, alIka tathA asatya evaM dRSTi ko darzana, zraddhAna, rUci aura pratyaya kahA hai| jisakA darzana yA zraddhAna asatya ho, vaha mithyAdRSTi hai| yaha guNasthAna mUlataH mithyAtvamoha nAmaka karmaprakRti ke udaya se hotA hai|6 AcArya nemicandra gommaTasAra meM mithyAtva guNasthAna ko isa prakAra batAte haiM ki mithyAtva mohanIyakarma ke udaya se jaba jIva mithyAtva pariNAma se pariNamita hotA hai, taba vaha mithyAdRSTi kahalAtA hai| AcArya kundakunda samayasAra' kI 132vIM gAthA meM batAte haiM ki jIva kA jo tatva kA azraddhAna hai, vaha mithyAtva kA udaya hai| ekAnta, viparIta, vinayika, saMzaya aura ajJAna se mithyAtva ke pAMca bheda haiN| AcAryoM ne mithyAdRSTi ko pittajvara ke rogI kI upamA dI hai| jisa prakAra pittajvara ke rogI ko mIThA rasa acchA nahIM lagatA; vaise hI mithyAdRSTi ko yathArtha dharma acchA nahIM lagatA hai| AcArya amitagati ne zrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai ki mithyAdR STi usa sarpa kI taraha hai, jo dUdha pIkara bhI punaH viSa ko ugalatA hai| isI prakAra mithyAdRSTi jinavANI ko sunatA bhI hai, Agama kA adhyayana bhI karatA hai, para mithyAtva ko nahIM chor3atA hai|' 57 jainendrasiddhAntakoza bhAga 2 pR 245 / 58 dhavalA 1/1/1 pR. 162 / 56 gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA. 15-16 / 60 kundakunda samayasAra gAthA 132 / 61 'paThantrapivaco jainaM mithyAtvaM naivaM muMcati / kudRSTiH patrago dugdhaM pivanapi mahAviSam / / 2/15 / / ' -amitagatizrAvakAcAra / Page #435 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA AdhyAtmika dRSTi se yaha AtmA kI bahirAtmadazA hai / mithyAdRSTi jIva vivekahIna hotA hai evaM usameM satya-asatya tathA dharma-adharma ke svarUpa ko pahacAnane kI zakti kA abhAva hotA hai / 62 382 sAmAnyataH mithyAdRSTi jIva kI abhiruci Atmonmukha nahIM hotI / kintu isakA yaha bhI artha nahIM hai ki unameM AtmA jAgrata hI nahIM hotii| kucha mithyAdRSTi jIva aise hote haiM, jinameM AtmAbhiruci jAgatI hai aura ve isa mithyAtva guNasthAna ke carama samaya meM yathApravRtti, apUrvakaraNa aura anivRttikaraNa ke dvArA samyaktva ko upalabdha kara lete haiM / mithyAdRSTi jIvoM meM do prakAra ke jIva hote haiM eka ve jinameM AtmAbhirUci yA samyaktva utpanna hone kI sambhAvanA nahIM rahI huI hai aura jinheM abhavyajIva kahA jAtA hai| kintu jo bhavya jIva hote haiM, ve isI mithyAtva guNasthAna se pUrvokta trikaraNa ko granthibheda karate hue samyagdRSTi ko prApta karate haiN| samyagdRSTi prApta karane ke liye jo prayatna yA puruSArtha kiyA jAtA hai, vaha isI guNasthAna meM hotA hai aura isI apekSA se ise guNasthAna ke rUpa meM parigaNita kiyA jAtA hai / mithyAtva guNasthAna kA kAla anAdi ananta siddha hotA hai 1 - 2. sAsvAdana guNasthAna isa guNasthAna kA krama adhyAtma vikAsa kI apekSA se dUsarA hai| yaha guNasthAna Upara ke guNasthAnoM se nIce girane para hI hotA hai / samyagdarzanarUpI zikhara se patita aura mithyAtvarupI bhUmi kI ora nIce giranevAle jIva aupazamika samyagdRSTi hote haiM / 3 cAritra mohanIyakarma kI anantAnubandhI kaSAya kA udaya hone para isa guNasthAna kI upalabdhi hotI hai / 64 isa guNasthAna meM koI bhI AtmA prathama mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna se vikAsa karake nahIM AtI hai, apitu samyagdarzana se patita hokara prathama mithyAtva guNasthAna sparza karane ke pUrva isa sAsvAdana guNasthAna ko prApta hotI hai| 62 guNasthAna kramArohaH ratnazekharasUri, zloka 8 / 63 gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) gA. 20 / 64 (ka) SaTakhaNDAgama 1/1/10; (kha) gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), gA. 16 / Page #436 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI anya avadhAraNAe~ patanonmukha AtmA jaba isa guNasthAna ko prApta hotI hai, 65 taba vaha adhikatama chaH AvalikA paryanta evaM jaghanya se eka samaya isameM raha sakatI hai / tadanantara vaha niyama se mithyAtva guNasthAna kI ora gamana karatI hai / jaise vRkSa se phala ko TUTakara dharA para girane meM jitanA samaya lagatA hai, utanA hI samaya sAsvAdana guNasthAna kA hotA hai / jaise khIra khAne ke pazcAt vamana hone para khIra kA kucha svAda banA rahatA hai, 66 vaise hI eka bAra yathArtha bodha arthAt samyagdarzana prApta ho jAne ke bAda mohAsakti ke kAraNa jaba AtmA punaH ayathArtha yA mithyAtva ko grahaNa karatI hai, phira bhI use yathArthatA yA samyaktva kA AsvAda banA rahatA hai / usa kSaNika evaM AMzika AsvAdana ke kAraNa hI jIva kI yaha avasthA sAsvAdana guNasthAna kahI jAtI hai| akalaMkadeva ne tattvArthavArtika 67 meM batAyA hai ki sAsvAdana guNasthAna se giratA huA jIva niyama se prathama mithyAtva guNasthAna meM jAtA hai / SaTkhaNDAgama aura gommaTasAra jIvakANDa meM sAsvAdana guNasthAna ko sAsana samyaktva bhI kahA gayA hai / 66 yahA~ sAsana zabda kA artha isa prakAra hai : sa ( sahita ) + Asana ( samyaktva kI virAdhanA ) sAsana arthAt samyaktva kI virAdhanA se yukt| dhavalA meM isakA vyutpattimUlaka artha isI rUpa meM upalabdha hai 'AsanaM samyaktvaM virAdhanaM, saha Asadanena iti sAsAdana' arthAt samyaktva kI virAdhanA ko AsvAdana kahA gayA hai aura AsvAdana se yukta hI sAsvAdana guNasthAna hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM isakI vyutpatti bhinna prakAra se kI jAtI hai / unake anusAra jo samyagdarzana ke 68 jJAtavya hai ki AsvAdana se yukta hai, vaha - 65 saMskRta paMcasaMgraha 1 /20 / 66 samayasAra nATaka a. 14 chaMda 20 / 67 tattvArthavArtika 691 / 13 pR. 586 | 68 SaTkhaNDAgama 5/1/7 sUtra 3 / 66 SaTakhaNDAgama 1/1/10 / 70 (kha) gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), gA. 16 / (ga) 'AsanaM kSepaNaM samyaktvaM virAdhanaM tena saha vartate yaH sasAsanaH / ' (ka) dhavalA 1/1/1 / (kha) tattvArthavArtika 6/1/13 / 383 - gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), mandaprabodhinITIkA, gA. 16 / Page #437 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 384 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA sAsvAdana guNasthAna hai| isa guNasthAnavI jIva bahirAtmadazA ke sUcaka haiN| mithyAtva guNasthAnavartI sabhI jIva bahirAtmA hI hote hai| isa guNasthAnavAle jIvoM meM samyaktva kI virAdhanA aura anantAnubandhI kA udaya rahatA hai| ataH ye bhI bahirAtmadazA ke sUcaka haiN| 3. mizra guNasthAna yaha samyak-mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna krama kI apekSA se tIsarA hai| . AcArya nemicandra ne gommaTasAra jIvakANDa meM batAyA hai ki jaise dahI aura gur3a ko mizrita kara dene para una donoM kA pRthak-pRthak svAda nahIM liyA jA sakatA aura usakA svAda na to mIThA hotA hai na khaTTA; vaise hI isa guNasthAna meM samyaktva aura mithyAtvarUpa mizrita pariNAma pAe jAte haiN| isa mizrita pariNAma kA mUla kAraNa samyak mithyAtva nAmaka karmaprakRti kA udaya hotA hai|72 isa guNasthAnavI jIva anizcaya kI avasthA meM rahatA hai| kabhI vaha samyaktva kI ora abhimukha hotA hai to kabhI mithyAtva kI ora, kintu kisI eka kA tyAga kara dUsare ko grahaNa nahIM krtaa| isa guNasthAna vAle jIva sarvajJa kathita mArga para na to pUrNataH zraddhA karate haiM aura na pUrNataH ashrddhaa|73 nArikela dvIpa ke loga cAvala Adi ke viSaya meM vizvAsa yA avizvAsa kucha bhI nahIM karate haiM, kyoMki unake yahA~ kevala nAriyala hI paidA hote haiN| ataH cAvalAdi adRSTa evaM ajJAta anna ko dekhakara ve usake prati ruci yA aruci kucha bhI nahIM rakhate haiN| vaise hI mizra (samyak mithyAdR STi) guNasthAnavI jIva sarvajJa praNIta tattvoM para ruci yA aruci athavA zraddhAna yA azraddhAna na karake madhyastha bhAvoM meM rahate haiN| aupazamika samyaktva meM jIvAtmA mithyAtvamohanIya ke paramANuoM kA upazama karake unheM tIna puMjoM meM vibhakta karatA hai : zuddha, 71 SaTkhaNDAgama 1/1/1 sUtra 11 / / 72 gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA. 21-22 / (ka) 'missudaye taccamiyareNa saddahadi ekkasamaNe / ' (kha) 'dahiguDamiva vAmissaM, pahubhAvaM Neva kAriduM sakkaM / evaM missayabhAvo sammAmicchotti NAdabbo // 22 // ' -lATI saMhitA, gA. 107 / -gommaTasAra (jiivkaanndd)| Page #438 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI anya avadhAraNAe~ 385 arddhazuddha aura ashuddh| 1. zuddha puMja samyaktva kA ghAta nahIM karatA hai| 2. arddhazuddha puMja meM samyaktva aura mithyAtva ina donoM pariNAmoM kA mizraNa hotA hai| 3. azuddhapuMja meM samyaktva kA ghAta karane kI zakti nihita hotI hai| jisane eka bAra aupazamika samyaktva prApta kara liyA hai, use mithyAtvamohanIya ke arddhazuddha karmadalikoM kA udaya hone para yaha tIsarA samyagmithyAdRSTi guNasthAna prApta hotA hai| isakI sthiti antarmuhUrta kI hotI hai| usake pUrNa hote hI AtmA ke pUrva pariNAmAnusAra samyaktvamohanIya ke zuddha yA azuddha karmadalikoM meM se kisI eka kA udaya hotA hai aura tadanusAra jIva kSAyopazamika samyagdRSTi yA mithyAdRSTi bana jAtA hai| sAdhaka ko jaba aupazamika samyaktva kI upalabdhi hotI hai taba AtmA pUrNa prazAnta banatI hai| pariNAmoM kI yaha prazAntatA cirasthAyI nahIM hotI hai| jIvAtmA ko yA to arddhazuddha puMja yA azuddha puMja kA udaya hotA hai| ardhazuddha karmapuMja kA udaya hone para AtmA samyak mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna aura azuddha puMja kA udaya hone para sAsvAdana guNasthAna ko prApta karatI hai aura vahA~ se patita hokara mithyAtva dazA ko upalabdha karatI hai| isa guNasthAna meM jIva kI mRtyu nahIM hotI hai|74 mizra guNasthAnavAle jIva ko dezasaMyama yA sakala saMyama tathA AyuSyakarma kA bandha bhI nahIM hotA hai| isa guNasthAna se jIva yA to prathama yA cauthe guNasthAna meM hI jAtA hai| yaha mizra guNasthAnavI jIva bahirAtmA kA hI sUcaka hai| 4. avirata samyagdRSTi guNasthAna yaha guNasthAna AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI vaha avasthA hai, jisameM jIva ko yathArthatA kA bodha yA satya kA darzana hotA hai| aviratasamyagdRSTi guNasthAnavI jIvAtmA satya ko satya rUpa meM aura asatya ko asatyarUpa meM jAnatA hai| usakA dRSTikoNa to samyak yA yathArtha hotA hai, kintu usakA AcaraNa samyak nahIM 10 guNasthAna kramAroha 16 / Page #439 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 386 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA hotA hai| vaha azubha ko azubha ke rUpa meM mAnatA to hai, phira bhI apanI azubha pravRttiyoM kA tyAga nahIM kara pAtA hai| satya ko samajhate hue bhI apane AdhyAtmika bala kI kamI ke kAraNa vaha AMzika rUpa se bhI saMyama (indriya-niyantraNa) kA pAlana karane meM asamarthatA kA anubhava karatA hai| jainadarzana kI apekSA se darzanamohanIya karma kI zakti ke daba jAne para yA usakA AvaraNa kSINa hone para jIvAtmA ko yathArthabodha to hotA hai, kintu cAritramohanIyakarma kA AvaraNa rahane se sAdhaka kA AcaraNa samyak nahIM hotaa| isa guNasthAnavAlA jIva eka apaMga vyakti ke samAna hotA hai, jo dekhatA to hai kintu cala nahIM paataa| aviratasamyagdRSTi sAdhaka ucita mArga ko jAnate hue bhI usa para AcaraNa nahIM kara pAtA hai| isa guNasthAna vAlA jIva hiMsA, jhUTha, abrahmacarya Adi sAvadya vyApAroM se virata nahIM hotA hai| isaliye use avirata samyagdRSTi kahA jA sakatA hai| pApajanaka pravRttiyoM se pRthak ho jAne ko virata kahate haiN| yadi koI jIvAtmA samyagdRSTi hone ke bAda vrata, pratyAkhyAna nahIM kara sakatA hai to vaha jIva avirata samyagdRSTi kahA jAtA hai|6 isa aviratasamyagdRSTi AtmA meM bhI kucha aMza taka to Atma saMyamAtmaka vRttiyoM para saMyama hotA hai| kyoMki isameM anantAnubandhI (tIvratama) krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kA abhAva rahatA hai| yaha aviratasamyagdRSTi guNasthAna tIvratama AvegoM se rahita hotA hai| jaba taka anantAnubandhI kaSAya caukar3I kA kSaya yA upazama nahIM hotA hai, taba taka use samyagdarzana kI upalabdhi nahIM ho sakatI hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra avirata samyagdR STi guNasthAnavI jIvAtmA ko sAta karmaprakRtiyoM kA kSaya, upazama yA kSayopazama nimna prakAra se hotA hai : 1. anantAnubandhI krodha; 2. anantAnubandhI mAna; 3. anantAnubandhI mAyA; 4. anantAnubandhI lobha; 5. mithyAmoha; 6. mizramoha; aura 7. samyaktva moh| sAdhaka ina sAta karmaprakRtiyoM kA sampUrNataH jaba kSaya karatA hai, 75 saMskRta paMcasaMgraha 1/23 / 76 'No indiyesu virado No jIve thAvare tase vApi / jo saddahadi jiNuttaM sammAiTThI avirado so / / 26 / / ' -gommaTasAra (krmkaanndd)| Page #440 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI anya avadhAraNAe~ 387 taba vaha samyaktva kSAyika kahalAtA hai aura usa AtmA kA isa guNasthAna se punaH patana nahIM hotaa| vaha kAlakrama meM agrima zreNiyoM se vikAsa karatA huA anta meM paramAtmasvarUpa kI upalabdhi kara letA hai| jisa jIva kA samyaktva kSAyika hotA hai, vaha sAta yA ATha bhavoM meM nizcaya hI paramAtmapada ko prApta karatA hai| isa avirata samyagdRSTiguNasthAna kI vizeSatAe~ nimna prakAra se upalabdha haiM : 1. anantAnubandhI lobha kaSAya kA abhAva hone se aviratasamyagdRSTi kI viSayoM meM atyanta Asakti nahIM hotI hai| 2. anantAnubandhI krodha kA abhAva hone se niraparAdha jIvoM kI hiMsA meM usakI ruci nahIM hotI hai| 3. uttamaguNoM kA grahaNakartA hotA hai| 4. ratnatrayI aura tatvatrayI meM zraddhA rakhatA hai| 5. dhana, dhAnya, strI, putra, parivAra Adi padArthoM kA ahaMkAra nahIM karatA hai| 6. apane doSoM kI nindA va gardA donoM hI kara sakatA hai|80 7. duHkhI jIvoM ko dekhakara usakA hRdaya karUNA se dravita ho jAtA hai|" samyaktva prApti ke kAraNa hI isa guNasthAnavI jIva antarAtmA kahe jAte haiN| yadyapi cauthe guNasthAna se lekara bArahaveM guNasthAna paryanta ke sabhI jIva antarAtmA kI koTi meM mAne jAte haiN| phira bhI vrata grahaNa nahIM hone se yaha caturtha guNasthAnavAlA jIva jaghanya antarAtmA hI kahA jAtA hai| 5. dezavirata guNasthAna isa guNasthAna kA krama pAMcavA~ hai, lekina sadAcAra kI dRSTi prathama stara hI hai| isa guNasthAna meM sAdhaka apane AdhyAtmika 77 gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), gA. 26 / 78 vhii| 76 vahI (jIvakANDa) gA. 27-28 / 80 'ddaGmohasyodayAbhAvAt prasiddha prazamoguNaH / ___ tatrAbhivyAMjakaM bAhyAnidanaM cApi garhaNam / / ' -paMcAdhyAyI (uttarArtha) kArikA 472 / guNasthAna kramAroha, zloka 23 / Page #441 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 388 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA vikAsa ke liye prayatnazIla hotA hai| pUrvavartI avirata samyagdRSTi guNasthAnavAlA sAdhaka kartavyAkartavya kA viveka rakhane para bhI kartavya patha para cala nahIM pAtA hai, kintu satya ke prati kevala zraddhA se lakSya dhArita nahIM hote haiM; jaba taka usake anurUpa vyAvahArika jIvana meM parivartana nahIM hote| pAMcaveM dezavirata guNasthAna meM sAdhaka AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ora apanA kadama Age bar3hAtA hai aura prArambhika puruSArtha karane ke lie tatpara banatA hai| vaha cAritramohanIya ke bandhana ko zithila karane ke lie prayatna karatA hai| jaba taka cAritramoha zithila nahIM hotA; jaba taka AtmasthiratA nahIM hotI; taba taka sAdhaka sadvizvAsa ke anurUpa asat se virata hone ke liye parAkramazIla nahIM hotA hai| AtmasvarUpa meM adhiSThita hone yA samyakcAritra ke kSetra meM yaha pahalA padanyAsa hai, isalie ise viratAvirata, saMyamAsaMyama, dezasaMyama, dezacAritra, aNuvrata, saMyatAsaMyati, dharmAdharmI dezavirata Adi nAmoM se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| isameM apratyAkhyAnI kaSAya kA kSayopazama hokara sAdhaka bhogopabhoga se AMzika rUpa meM virata ho jAtA hai| pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya kA udaya sarvavirati meM bAdhaka rahatA hai| isa guNasthAnavAlA sarvajJa praNIta tattvoM para zraddhA rakhatA huA trasAdi jIvoM kI hiMsA se virata hotA hai| vaha niSprayojana jIvoM kI hiMsA nahIM karatA hai| vaha trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA nahIM karatA hai| isa guNasthAnavI jIva trasa jIvoM ke hiMsA ke tyAga kI apekSA se virata evaM sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA kA tyAga na hone kI apekSA se avirata yA viratAvirata kahalAtA hai|3 zrAvaka ke pAMca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvrata - isa prakAra kula bAraha vrata haiN| inakA pAlana karanevAlA dezavirata kahalAtA hai| isa guNasthAna kA kAla jaghanya se antarmuhUrta aura utkRSTa se dezonapUrva koTi parimANa hotA hai| yaha pAMcavA~ guNasthAna manuSya aura tiryaMca ke hotA hai| pAMcaveM guNasthAnavI jIva ko madhyama antarAtmA kahA jAtA hai| yaha ARTHA -gommaTAsara (jIvakANDa) / 82 'paccakkhANudayAdo, saMjama bhAvo Na hodi Na variMtu / thova vado hodi tado, desavado hodi paMcamao // 30 // ' .83 'jo tasavahAo virado avirado taha ya thAvara vhaao| ekka samayaMmmi jIvo, viradAvirado jiNekkamaI / / 31 / / ' -gommaTAsara (jIvakANDa) / Page #442 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI anya avadhAraNAe~ guNasthAna jaghanya antarAtmA aura utkRSTa antarAtmA ke madhya kI sthiti hai / 6. pramattasaMyata (sarvavirati samyagdRSTi ) guNasthAna isa dezavirati guNasthAna meM saMyama kI sAdhanA to hotI hai parantu vaha AMzika yA ekadezIya hotI hai| vikAsa yA Urdhvagamana jisakA sahaja svabhAva hai, vaha anantAnanta zaktiyoM kA puMja AtmA sambala lekara saMyama kI ora gati karanA cAhatA hai, taba AtmA kA zuddha svabhAva, azuddha bhAva ko parAbhUta kara detA hai aura vaha sarvavirati kI ora agrasara ho jAtA hai| isa guNasthAna meM saMjvalana kaSAyacatuSka aura hAsyAdi nava no- kaSAyoM ke sivAya mohanIyakarma kI zeSa sabhI prakRtiyoM ke udaya kA abhAva hotA hai / pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAyacatuSka kA kSayopazama yA kSaya hone para vyakti pramattasaMyata nAmaka chaThe guNasthAna meM AroharaNa karatA hai| guNasthAnavAle sAdhaka meM saMyama ke sAtha-sAtha manda rAgAdi ke rUpa meM pramAda rahatA hai| ise nimitta pAkara kaSAya kA udaya to sambhava hai, kintu vaha alpakAlika hI hotA hai / zubha rAgAdirUpa pramAda se pramatasaMyata guNasthAnavartI sAdhaka jur3A rahatA hai / SaDUkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA - 2 meM AcArya vIrasena ne isakI vistRta vivecanA kI hai ki yaha guNasthAna kevala manuSyoM ko hI hotA hai|85 guNasthAna meM AtmA kI pUrNa sajagatA sambhava nahIM hotI hai, phira bhI sAdhaka pramAda ke kAraNoM ke unmUlanIkaraNa yA upazamana kA prayatna karatA hai / anta meM pramAda para vijaya pAkara apramatta guNasthAna zreNI ko prApta karatA hai / isa guNasthAna vAlA jIva madhyama antarAtmA kA sUcaka hai| isa 7. apramattasaMyata guNasthAna apramattasaMyata nAmaka isa guNasthAnavartI sAdhaka apanI zuddha antaHpariNati kA sambala lie moha ke AkramaNoM ko viphala karatA 84 vizeSAvazyakasUtra gA. 1234 / 85 dhavalATIkA 1/1/1 sUtra 14 pR. 176-177 / 386 Page #443 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 360 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA rahatA hai| jaise-jaise jIvoM meM ujjvalatA bar3hatI hai, vaise-vaise eka abhinava zakti niSpanna hotI hai| vaha pramAda ko apane para hAvI nahIM hone detA hai| sajaga AtmA hI isa avasthA ko prApta karatI hai| vaha deha meM rahate hue bhI dehAtIta dazA ko prApta hokara svasvabhAva meM lIna rahatI hai| yaha Atma sajagatA kI sthiti hai| svarUpAcaraNa meM AnandAnubhava kI urmiyAM uThatI rahatI haiN| gommaTasAra jIvakANDa meM kahA gayA hai ki krodhAdi saMjvalana kaSAya aura hAsya Adi nokaSAya kA udaya manda ho jAtA hai, tabhI apramattasaMyata guNasthAna meM kSAyopazamikabhAva aura samyagdarzana kI apekSA kSAyika evaM aupazamika bhAva kI prApti hotI hai| isa apramattasaMyata guNasthAna meM kSAyopazamika bhAva aura samyagdarzana kI apekSA kSAyika evaM aupazamika bhAva kI prApti hotI hai| isa guNasthAna kA samaya antarmuharta hai| dehabhAva ke Ate hI vaha chaThe gaNasthAna meM calA jAtA hai| sAmAnya sAdhaka chaThe-sAtaveM guNasthAna meM jhUlatA rahatA hai| isa apramattatA kI sthiti bar3hane para sAdhaka zreNI prArambha. karatA hai aura AThaveM apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna ko prApta ho jAtA hai| isa guNasthAna vAlA AtmA uttama antarAtmA ke samakakSa hai| 8. apUrvakaraNa (nivRttikaraNa bAdara) guNasthAna isa guNasthAna kA krama AThavAM hai| apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna meM sAdhaka AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI apUrva bhUmikA meM praviSTa hotA hai evaM isa guNasthAnavI AtmAoM ke pariNAma prati samaya apUrva-apUrva hI hote haiN| isa guNasthAna ko apUrvakaraNa isalie kahate haiM ki isameM itanI Atmazakti vikasita ho jAtI hai, jitanI pahale kabhI nahIM huI thii| isa apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna meM zreNI kA ArohaNa prArambha ho jAtA hai aura AtmA karmAvaraNa se halkI hotI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa AtmA apUrva AnandAnubhUti meM DUba jAtI hai, jisakA Ananda varNanAtIta hotA hai| isa guNasthAna meM sAdhaka bAhya viSaya-vikAroM se mukta hotA hai aura usameM eka anUThI Atmazakti 86 (ka) gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) gA. 45 / (kha) vizeSAvazyakasUtra gA. 1247-48 / 87 'guNasthAna siddhAnta : eka viSleSaNa' / -DA. sAgaramala jaina / Page #444 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI anya avadhAraNAe~ 361 kA prakaTana bhI hotA hai| AtmA pUrvabaddha karmoM kI samayAvadhi evaM tIvratA ko kama karane hetu una karmavargaNAoM ko aise krama meM yojita karatA hai, jisase unakI zakti zIghratA se kSINa ho ske| vaha azubha phala peronAlI una karmaprakRtayoM ko zubhaphala denevAlI karmaprakRtiyoM meM parivartita kara detA hai| unakA kevala alpakAlIna bandha karatI hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra vaha prakriyA isa prakAra hai : 1. sthitighAta; 2. rasaghAta; 3. guNazreNI; 4. guNa saMkramaNa; aura 5. apUrva sthiti bndh| AtmA ina prakriyAoM dvArA pUrvabaddha karmadalikoM kA tIvra vega se kSaya yA upazama karane lagatA hai| yaha prakriyA apUrva hone se isa guNasthAna ko apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa guNasthAna kI AtmA uttama antarAtmA ke samakakSa hai| 6. anivRttikaraNa (bAdara samparAya) guNasthAna isa guNasthAna meM saMjjvalana kaSAya kA udaya rahatA hai| isa guNasthAna meM anantAnubandhI Adi tIna kaSAyacatuSkoM kI pUrNataH nivRtti nahIM hotI hai| isI kAraNa ise anivRttikaraNa guNasthAna kahate haiN| yaha guNasthAna AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA eka agrima caraNa hai; kyoMki pUrvavartI guNasthAnoM kI apekSA uttaravartI guNasthAnoM meM kaSAya kA udaya alpa ho jAtA hai| jaise-jaise kaSAya kA udaya alpa hotA hai, vaise-vaise pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi adhika hotI hai| anivRttikaraNa guNasthAna meM honevAle pariNAmoM ke dvArA Ayukarma ko chor3akara zeSa sAta karmoM kI guNazreNI nirjarA guNa saMkramaNa, sthitighAta aura rasa (anubhAga) ghAta hotA jAtA hai| anivRttikaraNa meM uttarottara sthitibandha kama hotA hai| isake antima samaya meM pahu~cane para karmoM kI jaghanya sthiti hI zeSa rahatI hai aura karmapradezoM kI prati samaya nirjarA asaMkhyAtagunA adhika hotI jAtI hai| kAla kI apekSA se anivRttikaraNa guNasthAna kI jaghanya aura utkRSTa sthiti antarmuhUrta hotI hai| isa guNasthAna meM eka hI kAla meM ArUr3ha sabhI jIvoM ke pariNAma (AtmapariNAma) samAna hI hote haiN| nauveM guNasthAna ke jIva do prakAra se ArohaNa karate haiM - upazama zreNI se aura kSapaka zreNI se| jaba sAdhaka Page #445 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 362 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA cAritramohanIyakarma kA upazamana karatA hai, taba upazamaka kahalAtA hai| sAdhaka cAritramohanIyakarma kA kSapaNa (kSaya) karatA hai, taba kSapaka kahalAtA hai| AmmeM pAna kI apekSA nauveM guNasthAna meM Atmavizuddhi bahuta adhika hotI hai| isa guNasthAna meM vyakti saMjjvalana krodha, mAna aura mAyA kA, hAsyapaka aura tAnoM vedoM kA upazama yA kSaya karake dasaveM sUkSmasamparAya guNasthAna meM praveza karatA hai| isa guNasthAna kI AtmA uttama antarAtmA ke samakakSa hai| 10. sUkSmasamparAya guNasthAna isa sUkSmasamparAya guNasthAna kA krama dasavAM hai| samparAya kA artha hai lobha / 8 isa guNasthAna meM saMjvalana lobha kaSAya ke sUkSma karmadalikoM kA udaya rahatA hai| isa kAraNa isa guNasthAna kA nAmakaraNa sUkSmasamparAya guNasthAna kiyA gayA hai| AcArya nemicandra gommaTasAra jIvakANDa meM sUkSmasamparAya guNasthAna kI paribhASA karate hue likhate haiM ki jaise kausuMbhI vastra lAla raMga kA hotA hai| usa vastra ko pAnI se dho lene para usakI lAlimA kama to ho jAtI hai, kintu sUkSma rUpa meM banI rahatI hai| vaise hI (usa dhule hue kausuMbhI vastra kI lAlimA ke samAna) isa guNasthAna meM sUkSma lobha pariNAma avaziSTa rahate haiN| ve sUkSma lobha kA vedana karate haiM yA sUkSmalobha kaSAyakarma ke udaya se isa guNasthAnavI jIva ke abuddhipUrvaka uttarottara sUkSma hote hue lobha pariNAma hote haiN|deg anantAnubandhI kaSAyacatuSka apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAyacatuSka, pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAyacatuSka aura saMjjvalana krodha, mAna aura mAyA se pandraha kaSAyoM aura hAsyAdi nau nokaSAyoM ke anudayapUrvaka dasavAM guNasthAna hotA hai| isa guNasthAna meM jIva kaSAyoM kA upazamana karate hue 88 'sAmprAya kaSAyaH' -tattvArthavArtika 6/1/21 pR. 560 / 56 'samasAmprAya sUkSmasaMlvajana lobhaH' (ka) gommaTasAra TIkA karmakANDa jIvaprabodhinI kezavarNI gA. 336 / (kha) sa. paMcasaMgraha 1/43/44 / (ga) 'AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmikAe~ aura pUrNatA' pR. 45 / 90 'dhruva ko suMbhayavatthaM hodi jahA suhumarAyasaMjuttaM / evaM suhuma kasAo suhumasarAgotti NAdavvo' / / 5 / / -gommaTasAra (jiivkaanndd)| Page #446 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI anya avadhAraNAe~ 363 upazamana zreNI se aura kaSAyoM kA kSaya karane hetu kSapaka zreNI se ArohaNa karatA hai| bhapaka zreNI para ArUr3ha AtmA dasaveM guNasthAna meM avaziSTa sUkSma lobha kA kSaya karake sIdhe bArahaveM guNasthAna meM pahu~ca jAtI hai jabaki upakSama zreNI ArUr3ha AtmA isa guNasthAna meM sUkSma lobha ko upazamita kara gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM praveza karatI hai| kintu bAda meM upazamita kaSAyoM kA udaya hone para vahA~ se patita ho jAtI hai| isa guNasthAna kI AtmA uttama antarAtmA ke sAmAna hI hai|62 11. upazAntamoha guNasthAna upazAntamoha gyArahavAM guNasthAna hai| isa guNasthAnavartI AtmAe~ upazama zreNI se Age bar3hatI haiN| kSapaka zreNI kI ora agrasara hone vAlI AtmAe~ dasaveM guNasthAna se isa zreNI meM na Akara sIdhe bArahaveM gaNasthAna meM praviSTa hotI haiN| isameM kaSAyoM kA udaya nahIM hone para bhI ve sattA meM banI rahatI hai| isalie ise azAnta kaSAya chamastha vItarAga guNasthAna bhI kahA jAtA hai| zaradaRtu meM sarovara kA jala miTTI ke nIce daba jAne se nirmala aura svaccha dikhAI detA hai, kintu usakI svacchatA sthAI nahIM hotii|63 apitu kabhI bhI vaha miTTI use gandA banA sakatI hai| sarovara ke jala kI taraha mohanIyakarma ke upazama se sAdhaka meM utpanna hone vAle pariNAma nirmala hote haiM, kintu ve eka samayAvadhi ke bAda punaH dUSita ho jAte haiN| jaise rAkha meM dabI huI agni pavana ke lagate hI rAkha ke ur3ane para punaH prajvalita ho jAtI hai, usI taraha isa guNasthAna kA sAdhaka punaH patita ho jAtA hai| isa guNasthAna meM mohanIyakarma kI sattA to hotI hai, kintu usakA udaya nahIM hotaa| isa guNasthAna meM mohanIyakarma ke punaH udaya meM Ane para vaha vItarAgadazA se patita ho jAtA hai| jJAna, darzana Adi Atma guNoM ko AcchAdita karanevAle karmoM kA udaya rahane ke kAraNa isa guNasthAna meM sAdhaka " guNasthAna kramAroha zloka 73 / 62 vizeSAvazyakasUtra gA. 1302 / / ' gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) gA. 61 / 63 / Page #447 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 364 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA ko vItarAgatA hone para bhI vaha chayastha hotA hai| dasaveM guNasthAnavartI sAdhaka ke sUkSma lobha kA upazama hone para jIva isa guNasthAna meM AtA hai| isa guNasthAna meM mohanIyakarma ko antarmuhUrta ke lie upazAnta kara diyA jAtA hai| isa kAraNa jIvAtmA ke pariNAmoM meM vItarAgatA yA nirmalatA A jAtI hai, kintu vaha sthAyI nahIM hotI hai| AtmA antarmuhUrta ke pazcAt isa guNasthAna se avazya patita hotI hai| kSINamoha Adi agrima guNasthAna ko vahI AtmA upalabdha kara sakatI hai, jo kSapaka zreNI para ArUr3ha hotI hai| kSapaka zreNI ke binA mokSa kI upalabdhi nahIM ho sktii| isa guNasthAnavAlA jIva niyama se upazama zreNI hI karatA hai| ataH vaha jIva gyArahaveM upazAntamoha guNasthAna se avazya giratA hai| isa guNasthAna kA kAla jaghanya eka samaya aura utkRSTa se antarmaharta parimANa hotA hai| isa guNasthAna kA samaya pUrA hone se pUrva yadi vyakti mRtyu ko prApta karatA hai, to vaha anuttara vimAna meM utpanna hotA hai| vahA~ vaha caturtha avirata- samyagdRSTi guNasthAna ko prApta karatA hai, kyoMki devoM ke pAMcave Adi guNasthAna nahIM hote| unake cauthA guNasthAna hotA hai| jIva patana ke samaya krama ke anusAra hI guNasthAnoM ko prApta karatA hai aura una guNasthAnoM ke yogya karmaprakRtiyoM kA bandha, udaya aura udIraNA karanA prArambha karatA hai| isa patanakAla meM vaha sAtaveM aura cauthe guNasthAna meM rUkakara punaH kSAyika zreNI se yAtrA prArambha kara sakatA hai| yadi ina donoM guNasthAnoM meM nahIM rUka pAtA hai, to vaha sIdhA prathama mithyAtva guNasthAna ko prApta hotA hai| isa guNasthAnavartI AtmA uttama antarAtmA kI paricAyaka hai| 12. kSINamoha guNasthAna kSINamoha bArahavAM guNasthAna hai| isa guNasthAnavartI AtmA kI mohakarma kI sabhI 28 prakRtiyA~ pUrNataH kSINa ho jAtI haiN| isI 64 'atho yathA nIte kratake nAmbhostu nirmalam / upariSTA tathA zAnta moho dhyAnena mohane / / ' -saMskRta paMcasaMgraha 1/47 / Page #448 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI anya avadhAraNAe~ 365 kAraNa ise kSINamoha guNasthAna kahate haiN| sAdhaka kI samasta vAsanAe~ aura AkA~kSAe~ samApta ho jAtI haiN| vaha rAga, dveSa aura moha se bhI pUrNataH mukta hotA hai| moha AThoM karmoM kI senA kA pradhAna senApati hai| isa moharupI pradhAna senApati ke parAsta hone para zeSa karmarupI senA bhAgane lagatI hai| mohakarma ke sarvathA kSINa hone para alpa samaya meM hI darzanAvaraNa, jJAnAvaraNa aura antarAya - ye tInoM ghAtIkarma bhI kSINa ho jAte haiN| kSAyika mArga para ArUr3ha jIvAtmA dasaveM guNasthAna ke antima caraNa meM sUkSma lobhAMza kA kSaya kara isa kSINamoha guNasthAna meM praviSTa hotI hai| isa guNasthAna meM sAdhaka sphaTikamaNi ke nirmala pAtra meM rakhe hue nirmala jala ke saddaza nirmala hotA hai|66 akalaMkadeva ne tattvArthavArtika meM isakA yahI svarUpa batAyA hai| sAdhaka isameM antarmuhUrta jitane alpa samaya taka sthira rahatA hai| isa guNasthAna ke antima caraNa meM sAdhaka ke jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya - ye tInoM AvaraNa naSTa hone lagate haiN| isalie isa guNasthAna kA pUrA nAma kSINakaSAyavItarAgachamastha bhI hai| isameM sAdhaka anantajJAna, anantadarzana aura anantazakti se AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI agrima zreNI ko upalabdha karatA hai| isa guNasthAna kI jaghanya evaM utkRSTa samayAvadhi antarmuhUrta pramANa hai| kSapaka zreNIvAle sAdhaka hI isa guNasthAna ko upalabdha karate haiM aura isa kSINamoha guNasthAnavartI AtmA kI sthiti utkRSTa antarAtmA kI sthiti hai| 13. sayogIkevalI guNasthAna isa guNasthAna meM sAdhaka AdhyAtmika vikAsa kara parama vizuddhi ko prApta karatA hai| guNasthAna kI dRSTi se yaha sayogIkevalI terahavAM guNasthAna hai| isa guNasthAna meM AtmA ke mUla guNoM kA ghAta karanevAle cAroM ghAtIkarmoM (jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya * 65 (ka) samayasAra gA. 33 / (kha) dravyasaMgraha TIkA gA. 13 pR. 35 / 66 gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) gA. 62 / 67 tattvArthavArtika 6/1/22 pR. 560 / SaTkhaNDAgama 1/1/1 sU. 20 / Page #449 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 366 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA aura antarAya) kA sarvathA nAza ho jAtA hai,66 lekina cAra aghAtIkarma zeSa rahate haiN| Ayu, nAma, gotra aura vedanIya - ina cAra aghAtIkarmoM ke zeSa rahane ke kAraNa AtmA deha se mukta nahIM hotI tathA usake sambandha kA parityAga bhI nahIM karatI hai|00 sayogIkevalI guNasthAnavI jIvAtmA ke bandhana ke mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda kaSAya aura yoga - ina pAMca kAraNoM ke yoga ko chor3akara zeSa cAra kAraNa naSTa ho jAte haiM, kintu AtmA aura deha kA sambandha rahane se mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRttirUpa yoga bane rahate haiN| inake kAraNa prakRti aura pradezabandha hotA hai, parantu kaSAya kA abhAva hone se sthiti aura anubhAgabandha nahIM hotaa| pahale kSaNa meM bandhana aura dUsare kSaNa meM udaya evaM tIsare kSaNa meM karma paramANu nirjarita hote haiN| isa avasthA meM karmoM ke bandhana aura vipAka kI prakriyA ko aupacArikatA hI jAnanA caahie| ina yogoM ke astitva ke kAraNa ise sayogIkevalI guNasthAna kahA jAtA hai| mokSarupI lakSya ko siddha karane ke lie AtmA ko ina prayogoM kA nirodha karanA hotA hai| sayogIkevalI sUkSma kriyA apratipAti zukladhyAna kA Azraya lekara jaba yoga vyApAra ko nirUddha kara detA hai, to agrima zreNI ayogIkevalI avasthA kI ora agrasara ho jAtA hai| sayogIkevalI guNasthAna sAdhaka aura siddha ke bIca kI avasthA hai| jainadarzana meM isa avasthA ko arhat, sarvajJa yA kevalI avasthA kahA jAtA hai| sayogIkevalI guNasthAna meM jIva tIrthaMkara ho to ve tIrtha kI sthApanA karate haiN| dezanA dekara tIrtha pravartana karate haiN| isa guNasthAna meM kevalI bhagavAna jaghanya se antarmuhUrta aura utkRSTa se kucha nyUna karor3a pUrva varSa taka rahate haiN| isa terahaveM guNasthAnavartI kI AtmA paramAtmA kI dyotaka hai| 66 (ka) 'tatra bhAvamokSa, kevalajJAnopapattiH jIvanmuktorhatpadamityekArthaH / ' ___ -paMcAstikAya tAtparyavRtti TIkA gA. 150 pR. 216 / (kha) gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) jIvaprabodhinI TIkA, gA. 63/64 / 100 'dhAtikarmakSaye labdhavA, navakevala labdhyaH / / yenAsau vizvatattvajJaH, sayogaH kevalI vibhuH / / ' -saMskRta paMcasaMgraha 1/42 / 101 (ka) pravacanasAra 1/45; (kha) vistRta vivecana ke liye draSTavya dhavalA 1/1/26 va pR. 161 evaM 166 / Page #450 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI anya avadhAraNAe~ 367 14. ayogIkevalI guNasthAna ayogIkevalI guNasthAna kI prApti AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI parAkASThA hai| yaha sAdhanA kI antima maMjila hai| ayogIkevalI guNasthAnavartI sAdhaka mana, vacana aura kAyA ke yogoM kA nirodha karake zuddha AtmasvarUpa ko prApta karatA hai| zailezI aura nirvikalpa avasthA ko ayogIkevalI guNasthAna kahA jAtA hai| ve nAma, gotra aura vedanIya karmoM kI sthiti yadi Ayukarma se adhika ho to use barAbara karane hetu prathama kevalIsamudghAta karate haiM aura usake pazcAt sUkSmakriyA pratipAti zukladhyAna dvArA kevalI paramAtmA kI AtmA sumerUparvata kI taraha niSprakampa sthiti kI upalabdhi karake zarIra tyAgakara svasvarUpa meM adhiSThita ho jAtI hai - nirupAdhika siddhi yA mukti ko prApta kara letI hai| yahI paramavizuddhi, pUrNatA, kRta-kRtyatA tathA avyAbAdha Ananda kI avicala sthiti hai| jJAnasAra meM isa ayogIkevalI guNasthAna kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki tyAga-parAyaNa sAdhaka ko antataH sabhI yogoM kA tyAga karanA hotA hai| megha-zUnya gagana meM camakate hue candra kI taraha hI isa guNasthAnavartI AtmA apane sampUrNa zuddha svarUpa meM pratIta hotI hai|02 ___ isa ayogIkevalI guNasthAna meM cAritra-vikAsa aura svarUpa-sthiratA kI carama sthiti hotI hai| isa guNasthAna kA sthitikAla atyanta alpa hotA hai| jitanA samaya pAMca hRsva svaroM a, i, u, R, 4 ko madhyamasvara se uccAraNa karane meM lagatA hai utane hI samaya taka isa guNasthAna meM AtmA rahatI hai|03 yaha yoga sanyAsa hai - yaha sarvAMgINa pUrNatA hai aura carama Adarza kI prApti hai| SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalATIkA meM AcArya vIrasena ne ayogIkevalI guNasthAna kA vivecana isa prakAra kiyA hai ki jisa sAdhaka ke mana, vacana aura kAyArUpa yoga nahIM hotA hai; use 102 (ka) jJAnasAra, tyAgaaSTaka zloka 7-8; (kha) 'darzana aura ciMtana' bhAga 2 pR. 275 uddhRta / 103 jIva ajIva, pR. 72 / -pa. sukhalAlajI / Page #451 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 368 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA ayogI kevalI kahA jAtA hai|04 ve yogarahita kevalI paramAtmA ayogIkevalI jina kahalAte haiN| gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) kI mandaprabodhinI TIkA tathA kezavavarNI kI jIvaprabodhinI TIkA meM bhI isakI jo carcA upalabdha hotI haiM,05 vaha isa prakAra hai ki terahaveM guNasthAna meM ghAtIkarmoM kA abhAva rahatA hai aura aghAtIkarmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| isa ayogIkevalI guNasthAna meM AtmA kA svAbhAvika svarUpa camakane lagatA hai| gommaTasAra meM kahA gayA hai ki isa 14veM guNasthAnavartI sAdhaka ke karmoM ke Agamana kA AzravarupI dvAra pUrNataH nirUddha ho jAtA hai evaM jinake samasta karmoM kI nirjarA ho cukI hai, aisI ayogadazA isa ayogIkevalI guNasthAna kI hotI hai|06 isa guNasthAnavartI AtmA paramAtmA kahI jAtI hai| / / SaSTama adhyAya smaapt|| 104 'na vidyate yogo yasya sa bhavatyayogaH kevalamayAtIti kevalI / ___ ayogazca so kevalI ca ayogI kevalI / / -dhavalA 1/1/1 sUtra 22 pR. 162 / 105 (ka) gommaTasAra jIvakANDa) mandaprabodhanI TIkA gA. 65 / (kha) vahI jIvaprabodhanI TIkA 11, 10 / 106 'sIlesiM saMpatto nirUddhaNissesaAsao jIvo / kammarayavippamukko gayajogo kevalI hodi / / 65 / / ' -gommaTasAra (jiivkaanndd)| Page #452 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahirAtmA 0000 viSaya bhogoM meM lipta AtmA Hom RUN Jain Education international Pavate & Personal-useroins www.aline bado Page #453 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Page #454 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ adhyAya 7 Adhunika manovijJAna aura trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 7.1 antarmukhI evaM bahirmukhI vyaktitva kI antarAtmA aura bahirAtmA se tulanA trividha AtmA kI isa avadhAraNA kI Adhunika manovijJAna - vizeSa rUpa se vyaktitva manovijJAna aura asAmAnya manovijJAna se bahuta kucha samarUpatA dekhI jAtI hai| vyaktitva manovijJAna meM vyaktitva ke do prakAroM kA ullekha milatA hai, jinheM antarmakhI aura bahirmukhI kahA jAtA hai| hama dekhate haiM ki trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA meM bhI antarAtmA aura bahirAtmA kA ullekha hai| yadi hama tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekheM, to jainadarzana meM jo bahirAtmA ke lakSaNa batAe gaye haiM, prAyaH vahI lakSaNa Adhunika manovijJAna meM barhimukhI vyaktitva ke haiN| Adhunika manovijJAna ke anusAra bahirmukhI vyakti sAmAjika sambandhoM meM ruci letA hai| vaha dUsare vyaktiyoM ke sAtha milane tathA uThane-baiThane meM adhika ruci rakhatA hai aura isameM Ananda kI anubhUti karatA hai| usakI jIvanadRSTi yathArthavAdI aura bhogaparaka hotI hai| acchA khAnA-pInA aura sukha-suvidhAoM kA bhoga karanA hI usake jIvana kA lakSya hotA hai| svabhAva se vaha haMsamukha hotA hai| vaha sAmAjika jIvana ke kriyAkalApoM meM na kevala adhika ruci rakhatA hai, apitu apane una sAmAjika sambandhoM ko jIvanta banAe rakhatA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna ke anusAra barhimukhI vyakti bhAvanAzIla hotA hai| vaha nirNaya to jaldI letA hai, kintu usake kriyAnvayana meM derI karatA hai| barhimukhI sAmAnyataH vyavasAya evaM khelakUda tathA sAmAjika aura Page #455 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 400 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA rAjanaitika kSetra meM netRtva karane meM adhika ruci rakhatA hai| yadi ina tathyoM para jainadarzana ke bahirAtmA kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to hameM aisA lagatA hai ki bahirAtmA ke bhI vahI lakSaNa haiM, jo bahirmukhI vyaktitva ke haiN| bahirAtmA bhI sAMsArika, pArivArika aura sAmAjika sambandhoM meM adhika ruci rakhatA hai| usakI jIvanadRSTi bhogavAdI hotI hai| bahirAtmA bhI bahirmukhI vyakti kI taraha hI manobhAvanAoM se prabhAvita hotI hai| vaha aindrika aura jaivika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ko hI apane jIvana kA carama lakSya mAnatI hai| __antarmukhI vyaktitva kI carcA karate hue Adhunika manovaijJAnika yaha batAte haiM ki antarmukhI vyakti kI ruci sAmAjika aura bAhya jagat meM nahIM hotI hai| vaha Atma kendrita evaM ekAntapriya hotA hai| usakI ruci cintana aura manana meM hotI hai| vaha apane vicAroM meM khoyA rahatA hai aura AdarzavAdI hotA hai| sAmAjika pariveza kI apekSA use prAkRtika pariveza arthAt ekAnta adhika acchA lagatA hai| vaha koI bhI nirNaya jaldI meM nahIM letA hai| sAmAnyataH dArzanika, kavi, vaijJAnika isI varga ke antargata Ate haiN| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra kareM, to hama yaha pAte haiM ki jainadarzana meM antarAtmA ke jo lakSaNa batAe gaye haiM, unameM se kucha lakSaNa antarmukhI vyaktitva ke bhI hote haiN| antarAtmA sAMsArika bhogoM se virakta rahatI hai| usakI ruci Atma-cintana meM hotI hai| ekAnta meM dhyAnAdi karanA use adhika priya lagatA hai| vaha vicAra-pradhAna aura AdarzavAdI hotI hai| usakI jIvanadRSTi AtmaniSTha hotI hai| isa prakAra Adhunika manovijJAna jise antarmukhI vyakti kahatA hai use hI jainadarzana sAmAnyataH antarAtmA kahatA hai| yadyapi yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki Adhunika manovijJAna vyaktitva ke ina donoM prakAroM kI carcA mukhya rUpa se unakI manovaijJAnika vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para karatA hai, jabaki jaina darzana bahirAtmA aura antarAtmA kI yaha carcA unake AdhyAtmika guNoM ke avikAsa yA vikAsa ke AdhAra para karatA hai| manovijJAna kA AdhAra mukhya rUpa se vyakti kA vyavahAra hI hai, jabaki jainadarzana meM isa vibhAjana Page #456 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Adhunika manovijJAna aura trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 401 kA AdhAra vyakti kI AdhyAtmika vizuddhi hotA hai| phira bhI donoM meM jo kucha vyavahAragata samarUpatAe~ haiM, usase hama inkAra bhI nahIM kara skte| Adhunika manovaijJAnika bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra karate haiM ki barhimukhI vyakti yathArthavAdI aura bhogapriya hotA hai| usakI ruci pArivArika aura sAmAjika sambandhoM ko pragAr3ha karane meM hotI hai| isake viparIta antarmukhI vyakti AdarzavAdI aura Atmakendrita hotA hai| vaha sAmAjika jIvana meM rasa na lekara ekAntapriya hotA hai| ataH kisI sImA taka Adhunika manovijJAna ke bahirmukhI aura antarmukhI vyaktitva kI samarUpatA kramazaH bahirAtmA aura antarAtmA se mAnI jA sakatI hai| 7.2 phrAyaDa kI trividha aham kI avadhAraNA aura trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA Adhunika manovijJAna ke kSetra meM phrAyaDa kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| phrAyaDa pahale manovaijJAnika the, jinhoMne mana ke aham ke gatyAtmaka svarUpa ko samajhakara use tIna vibhAgoM meM bA~TA thaa| unake anusAra hamArA aham tIna prakAra kA hotA hai : 1. vAsanAtmaka aham (abodhAtmA); kAnzasa mAiMDa (cetana mana) 2. cetanAtmaka aham (bodhAtmA); anakAnzasa mAiMDa (acetana mana) 3. AdarzAtmaka aham (AdarzAtmA); suparakAnzasa mAiMDa (aticetana mana) phrAyaDa ne inheM kramazaH iDa (ID) igo (EGO) aura supara igo (SUPEREGO) ke nAma se abhihita kiyA hai| bhAratIya manovaijJAnikoM ne ina tInoM ko kramazaH 1. abodhAtmA; 2. bodhAtmA aura 3. AdarzAtmA ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| manuSya ke andara vAsanAoM aura AdarzoM kA jo saMgharSa calatA hai, usake mUla meM hamAre aham ke ye tInoM stara hI kAma karate haiN| phrAyaDa ke Page #457 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 402 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA anusAra vyakti kA vyaktitva ina tInoM kI pArasparika prabhAvazIlatA ke AdhAra para hI nirmita hotA hai| __ yadi hama tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra kareM to ina tInoM kA sambandha trividha AtmA ke sAtha dekhA jA sakatA hai| jise phrAyaDa abodhAtmA yA vAsanAtmaka aham kahatA hai, use hI jainadarzana meM bahirAtmA kahA gayA hai| jise phrAyaDa ne bodhAtmA yA cetanAtmaka sajaga aham kahA hai, use hI jainadarzana antarAtmA kahatA hai| isI prakAra phrAyaDa kA AdarzAtmaka aham jainadarzana kA paramAtmA hai, kyoMki jainadarzana meM paramAtmA use hI kahA gayA hai jisameM ucca Adarza sAkAra ho uThate haiN| isa tulanAtmaka cintana ko adhika spaSTa karane ke liye sarvaprathama hama phrAyaDa ke cetanA ke ina staroM ke svarUpa kI carcA kreNge| jJAtavya hai ki phrAyaDa ne jisa artha meM igo zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, use kisI rUpa meM bahirAtmA kahA jA sakatA hai| abodhAtmA yA vAsanAtmaka aham (ID) phrAyaDa ke anusAra abodhAtmA yA vAsanAtmaka aham vAsanAoM aura icchAoM kA bhaNDAra hai| yaha mAnA gayA hai ki manuSya kI sabhI icchAoM aura AkA~kSAoM kA janma isI abodhAtmA yA vAsanAtmaka aham ke AdhAra para hotA hai| ___ phrAyaDa ke anusAra abodhAtmA yA vAsanAtmaka aham sabhI manojaivika vaijJAnika zaktiyoM kA mUla hai| yaha sukhecchA ke dvArA saMcAlita hotA hai| cetanA ke isa stara para samaya, sthAna, ucita, anucita kA kucha bhI bodha nahIM hotaa| vaha acche aura bure ke viveka se rahita hotA hai| isa stara para vAsanAe~ hI pradhAna hotI haiN| ve viveka ko apane pAsa phaTakane bhI nahIM detI haiN| isa stara para vyakti jaivika AkA~kSAoM aura aindrika icchAoM ke AdhAra para hI vyavahAra karatA hai| yahA~ vaha ucita aura anucita kA vicAra nahIM karatA hai| isa stara para saMyama aura AtmAnuzAsana ke tatva bhI pUrNataH anupasthita rahate haiN| vyakti kA vyavahAra mana aura Page #458 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Adhunika manovijJAna aura trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 403 indriyoM ke dvArA hI saMcAlita hotA hai| mana aura indriyA~ binA ucita-anucita kA vicAra kiye apanI vAsanAoM kI pUrti kA prayatna karatI rahatI haiN| yahA~ manuSya kA vyavahAra pazu jagat ke samAna mUlapravRtyAtmaka hotA hai| ___ tulanAtmakadRSTi se yadi hama vicAra kareM to jainadarzana meM bahirAtmA ke jo lakSaNa batAe gaye haiM, ve phrAyaDa kI isa abodhAtmA yA iDa ke samarUpa hI haiN| vAsanApradhAna aura bhogapradhAna jIvanadRSTi bahirAtmA kA mukhya lakSaNa hai aura yahI bAta abodhAtmA yA iDa ke sambandha meM bhI satya hai| bodhAtmA (EGO) phrAyaDa ke anusAra bodhAtmA AtmacetanA kI avasthA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to vaha AtmasajagatA kI avasthA hai| ise bodhAtmA isalie hI kahA jAtA hai ki yaha kisI bhI icchA kI pUrti ke prayatnoM ke pUrva unake pariNAmoM para vicAra karane ke liye bAdhya karatI hai| bodhAtmA ke samakSa jahA~ eka ora abodhAtmA yA vAsanAtmaka aham apanI icchAoM aura AkA~kSAoM ko prastuta karatA hai, to dUsarI ora AdarzAtmA vyavahAra ke AdarzoM ko yA kyA ucita hai aura kyA anucita hai, isakI kasauTI ko prastuta karatI hai| bodhAtmA kA kArya ina donoM hI pakSoM ko jAnakara unake madhya samanvaya utpanna karane kA hotA hai| phrAyaDa ke anusAra bodhAtmA, abodhAtmA se utpanna icchAoM tathA AdarzAtmA ke dvArA prastuta AdarzoM ke madhya eka samanvaya karatI huI vyakti aura usake vAtAvaraNa ke bIca eka sAmaMjasya sthApita karatI hai| isIlie bodhAtmA ko vyavahAra kA mukhya prazAsaka kahA gayA hai| yadyapi phrAyaDa yaha mAnatA hai ki bodhAtmA kA sambandha mukhyataH bAhya vAtAvaraNa se hI rahatA hai - naitikatA yA dharma se nhiiN| kintu hamArI dRSTi meM bodhAtmA kA sambandha mAtra bAhya vAtAvaraNa se hI nahIM rhtaa| usakA sambandha dharma, naitikatA, sabhyatA aura saMskRti dvArA mAnya ucca AdarzoM se bhI hai| bodhAtmA ko jo sAmaMjasya Page #459 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 404 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA karanA hotA hai vaha abodhAtmA aura AdarzAtmA ke madhya karanA hotA hai| eka ora abodhAtmA (iDa) se utpanna vAsanAe~ aura AkAMkSAe~ apanI mAMga prastuta karatI haiM, to dUsarI ora AdarzAtmA unake aucitya aura anaucitya athavA karaNIya yA akaraNIya hone ke AdarzoM ko prastuta karatI hai| bodhAtmA kA kArya ina donoM ke madhya samanvaya sthApita karanA hotA hai| jaba bodhAtmA inake bIca samanvaya sthApita karane meM saphala hotI hai, to vyakti kA vyaktitva santulita rahatA hai| kintu jaba vaha inake bIca samanvaya sthApita karane meM asamartha hotI hai, to vaha vAsanAtmaka ahaM kI mAMgoM ko acetana meM Dhakela detI hai aura vAsanAtmaka aham kI ye damita icchAe~ acetana meM baiThakara vyaktitva ke vyavahAra ko vizrRMkhalita karatI rahatI haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa vyakti hatAzA aura tanAvoM kA zikAra bana jAtA hai| damita vAsanAe~ usake vyaktitva ko vikhaNDita kara detI haiN| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane para hama yaha pAte haiM ki jainadarzana kI antarAtmA aura phrAyaDa kI bodhAtmA meM kucha samarUpatAe~ aura kucha vibhinnatAe~ haiN| Adhunika manovijJAna ke anusAra bodhAtmA karaNIya aura akaraNIya kA nirdhAraka tatva hai| jainadarzana bhI yaha mAnatA hai ki antarAtmA heya, jJeya aura upAdeya kA vicAra karatI hai| sAtha hI, jisa prakAra bodhAtmA ko manovyavahAra kA mukhya prazAsaka mAnA gayA hai usI prakAra jainadarzana meM antarAtmA ko bhI mana aura vAsanA kA zAsana karanevAlI batAyA hai| jisa prakAra bodhAtmA vAsanAoM aura icchAoM para saMyama kA aMkuza lagAtI hai, usI prakAra antarAtmA bhI apanI vAsanAoM aura icchAoM ko saMyamita karatI hai| phira bhI donoM meM antara yaha hai ki phrAyaDa kA cetanAtmaka aham pratikUla paristhitiyoM se samajhautA karanA sikhAtA hai aura usake samakSa naitika yA AdhyAtmika mUlya pramukha nahIM hote haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM kisI vyakti meM kisI vastu kI prApti kI icchA utpanna hotI hai, kintu use kraya karane kI usakI Arthika kSamatA nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM kA bala bhI yaha mAnAya aura akala Adhunika mana meM kucha Page #460 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Adhunika manovijJAna aura trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA 405 abodhAtmA kahegI ki corI kara lo| usa samaya bodhAtmA kahegI ki yahA~ corI karoge to pakar3e jaaoge| ataH vaha salAha degI ki ekAnta meM rAtri ke samaya sAvadhAnI se corI krnaa| isake viparIta jainadarzana kI antarAtmA kahegI ki corI karanA anaitika hai, pApa hai ataH corI mata karo, apanI icchA ko saMyamita kro| __yahA~ donoM meM yaha antara hai ki jahA~ phrAyaDa kI vivecanA kA AdhAra manovaijJAnika vyavahAra kA pakSa hai vahIM jainadarzana kA AdhAra AdhyAtmika hai| AdarzAtmA (SUPER EGO) phrAyaDa ne AdarzAtmA ko bodhAtmA ke Adarza (SUPER EGO) ke rUpa meM sthApita kiyA hai| phrAyaDa ke anusAra AdarzAtmA kA gaharA sambandha sabhyatA, saMskRti, dharma aura naitikatA se hai| usake anusAra AdarzAtmA kA nirmANa evaM vikAsa mAnavIya guNoM aura usake ucca AdarzoM ke AdhAra para hotA hai| jo vyakti jisa prakAra kI sabhyatA aura saMskRti meM rahatA hai usakI AdarzAtmA utanI hI vikasita hogii| AdarzAtmA kA vikAsa samAja, dharma aura saMskRti kI kAryazAlA meM hI hotA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AdarzAtmA abodhAtmA ke ThIka viparIta hai| abodhAtmA kI saMracanA jaivika vAsanAoM ke AdhAra para hI hotI hai, to AdarzAtmA kI saMracanA AdhyAtmika AdarzoM ke AdhAra para hotI hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane para hama yaha pAte haiM ki jainadarzana kI paramAtmA aura AdarzAtmA meM kucha samAnatAe~ haiM, to kucha viSamatAe~ haiN| Adhunika manovijJAna jahA~ AdarzAtmA ko sabhyatA, saMskRti, dharma aura naitikatA ke AdhAra para nirmita mAnatA hai, vahA~ jainadarzana AdarzoM ko AtmA meM anusyUta mAnatA hai| vaha yaha kahatA hai ki Adarza nirmita nahIM hote - ve AtmA meM svataH hI apanA astitva rakhate haiN| jainadarzana kI mAnyatA hai ki AtmA apane zuddha svarUpa meM Adarza rUpa hI hai, vikRtiyA~ to AtI haiM aura ve samApta bhI kI jA sakatI haiN| isa prakAra jainadarzana meM Page #461 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 406 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA AdarzAtmA yA paramAtmA saMskArajanya nahIM hai| vaha sva-svabhAva hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra paramAtmA ko AdarzoM kA puMja mAnA gayA hai| usI prakAra AdarzAtmA bhI AdarzoM kI puMja hai| ataH donoM meM AMzika samarUpatA hI dekhI jA sakatI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jainadarzana kI bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA kI avadhAraNA kisI sImA taka manovijJAna kI abodhAtmA, bodhAtmA aura AdarzAtmA ke samarUpa hai| / / saptama adhyAya samApta / / prastuta vivecana meM aMgrejI zabdoM ke hindI paryAya evaM vivecana zrI jayAnanda pANDe kRta asAmAnya manovijJAna para AdhArita haiN| Page #462 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ adhyAya 8 upasaMhAra jainadarzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA vastutaH AtmA kI AdhyAtmika vikAsa yAtrA kI sUcaka hai| bahirAtmA antarAtmA banakara kisa prakAra se paramAtmapada ko prApta kara sakatI hai, yaha batAnA hI trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kA mukhya lakSya hai| usameM bahirAtmA saMsArI jIva hai, jo viSayabhogoM aura vAsanAoM meM ulajhI huI hai| usakA jIvana pazuvat hI hotA hai| pazu se pazupati yA paramAtmA kisa prakAra banA jAya, isakI sAdhanA antarAtmA ke dvArA kI jAtI hai| jo antarAtmA isa sAdhanA ko saphalatApUrvaka sampanna kara letI hai; vaha paramAtmA bana jAtI hai| - jainadarzana yaha mAnatA hai ki pratyeka AtmA svarUpataH paramAtmA hI hai| karmAvaraNa ke kAraNa hI usakI AdhyAtmika zaktiyA~ kuNThita haiM aura vaha saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kara rahI hai| jisa prakAra bIja jaba taka apane AvaraNa ko nahIM tor3atA hai, taba taka vaha vRkSa nahIM bana pAtA hai, usI prakAra yaha AtmA bhI karmarUpI AvaraNa ko jaba taka nahIM tor3atI hai, taba taka vaha paramAtmasvarUpa ko prApta nahIM hotI hai| jainadarzana yaha mAnatA hai ki jaba taka yaha AtmA karmAvaraNa ke nimitta se viSayonmukha banI huI hai aura usane saMsArika bhogoM kI upalabdhi ko hI apanA caram lakSya banA rakhA hai, taba taka usako paramAtmasvarUpa upalabdha nahIM hotaa| trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA hameM yaha batAtI hai ki jIva ko ziva yA AtmA ko paramAtmA banane ke lie use apanI bahirmukhI pravRttiyoM ko chor3akara antarmukha honA pdd'egaa| antarmukha hone kA tAtparya yaha hai ki apane meM rahe hue vikAroM aura vAsanAoM ko dekheM aura unheM sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se dUra kare; tabhI vaha paramAtmapada ko prApta kara skegaa| vastutaH bahirmukhI pravRttiyoM ko chor3akara antarmukhI banakara Page #463 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 408 hI AtmA paramAtmasvarUpa ko prApta kara sakatI hai| eka anya apekSA se trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA hamAre AdhyAtmika vikAsa aura avikAsa ko hI sUcita karatI hai / bahirAtmA vyakti kI avikAsa kI avasthA hai jabaki paramAtmA AtmA ke vikAsa kI pUrNatA kA sUcaka haiM / jo bahirAtmA antarmukha hokara paramAtmapada kI prApti ke lie prayatna aura puruSArtha karatI hai, vahI antarAtmA ho jAtI hai / antarAtmA bahirAtmA ke paramAtmA banane kI prakriyA kA hI nAma hai / jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA jainadarzana meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke vibhinna caraNoM ko lekara aneka avadhAraNAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM / usakA SaDlezyA kA siddhAnta yaha batAtA hai ki azuddha manovRttiyoM se Upara uThatA huA vyakti kisa prakAra zubha aura zuddha nirvikalpa dazA ko prApta hotA hai / lezyAe~ kyA haiM aura kisa prakAra ve hamArI manobhUmiyoM ke azubhatva, zubhatva aura zuddhatva ko prastuta karatI haiM, isakI carcA hamane prathama adhyAya meM kI hai / SaDlezyA kI avadhAraNA ke samAna hI jainadarzana meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se karmavizuddhi kI dasa guNazreNiyoM aura caudaha guNasthAnoM kI carcA bhI milatI hai I jainadarzana meM AtmA ke paramAtmasvarUpa ko AvRtta karane vAlA mukhya tattva karma hai| karmAvaraNa ke dhIre-dhIre kSINa hone kI apekSA se jainadarzana meM dasa guNa zreNiyoM kI carcA hai / ye dasa guNa zreNiyA~ nimna haiM : 1 (1) samyagdRSTi; (4) anantaviyojaka; (7) upazAnta; (10) jina / (2) dezavirata; (5) darzanamohakSapaka; (8) kSapaka; (3) sarvavirata; (6) upazamaka; (6) kSINamoha; ina dasa avasthAoM meM nau avasthAe~ to AtmA ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI sUcaka haiM aura dasavIM 'jina' avasthA paramAtmA kI sUcaka hai| ina dasa avasthAoM meM bahirAtmA kA samAveza nahIM hai; kyoMki bahirAtmA jaba taka antarAtmA nahIM banatI, taba taka usakI AdhyAtmika vikAsa yAtrA prArambha nahIM hotI / jainadarzana meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko sUcita karanevAlA eka aura Page #464 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ upasaMhAra 406 anya siddhAnta guNasthAna siddhAnta hai| isameM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI apekSA se nimna caudaha avasthAoM kA ullekha hai : (1) mithyAtva guNasthAna; (2) sAsvAdana guNasthAna; (3) samyak-mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna; (4) avirata samyagdRSTi guNasthAna; (5) dezavirata samyagdRSTi guNasthAna; (6) pramatta saMyata guNasthAna; (7) apramatta saMyata guNasthAna; (8) apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna; (E) anivRttikaraNa-bAdara samparAya guNasthAna; (10) sUkSmasamparAya guNasthAna; (11) upazAntamoha guNasthAna; (12) kSINamoha guNasthAna; (13) sayogI kevalI guNasthAna aura (14) ayogI kevalI gunnsthaan| inameM prathama mithyAtva guNasthAna meM jIva ko bahirAtmA kahA gayA hai| sAsvAdana guNasthAna tathA samyak-mithyAdRSTi (mizra) guNasthAna bhI vastutaH bahirAtmA ke hI rUpa haiN| guNasthAna siddhAnta meM inako AtmA kI patanonmukha avasthA mAnA gayA hai| ataH caudaha guNasthAnoM meM prathama tIna guNasthAna bahirAtmA ke sUcaka haiN| caturtha guNasthAna se lekara bArahaveM guNasthAna taka kI avasthAe~ antarAtmA kI sUcaka haiM aura sayogIkevalI tathA ayogIkevalI ye do avasthAe~ paramAtmapada kI sUcaka haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI apekSA se trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA saMkSepa meM ina tathyoM ko sUcita karatI hai ki bahirAtmA kisa prakAra paramAtmA taka kI yAtrA karatI hai| prastuta zodha prabandha ke prathama adhyAya meM hamane isI dRSTi ko lakSya meM rakhakara jIvAtmA ke svarUpa aura usakI vibhinna avasthAoM kI carcA karate hue yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki kisa prakAra bahirAtmA apane bandhana ko samApta karate hue apanI sAdhanA se mukti prApta kara paramAtmapada ko prApta hotI hai| vastutaH vividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA meM bahirAtmA vaha cetana tattva hai jo abhI Page #465 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 410 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA apane vikAsa ke mArga ko prApta nahIM kara pAyA hai| antarAtmA vaha AtmA hai jisane apane vikAsa ke mArga ko na kevala jAna liyA hai, balki usa para apanI yAtrA bhI prArambha kara dI hai| ___ isake dvitIya adhyAya meM hamane yaha dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki jisa prakAra jainadarzana meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI apekSA se trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA prastuta kI gaI hai, usI prakAra bauddhadarzana aura hindU dharmadarzana meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko lekara kisa prakAra kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| isa tulanAtmaka vivecana meM hamane yaha pAyA hai ki na kevala jainadarzana meM apitu aupaniSadika cintana meM bhI trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA ke bIja samAhita haiN| upaniSadoM meM AtmA kI do sthitiyoM kA ullekha huA hai - bahiHprajJa aura antHprjny| ye do prakAra kI AtmAe~ jainadarzana ke bahirAtmA aura antarAtmA ke samakakSa hI haiN| upaniSadoM meM bhI viSayonmukha (bhogonmukha) AtmA ko hI bahiHprajJa kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra AtmonmukhI ko hI antaHprajJa kahA gayA hai| cAhe upaniSadoM meM paramAtmadazA kA spaSTa ullekha na huA ho kintu upaniSadoM ke aneka vAkya isa tathya ke sUcaka haiM ki yaha AtmA hI paramAtmA hai| upaniSadoM kA udghoSa : "ayaM AtmA brahmaH" isa tathya ko sUcita karatA hai ki unake anusAra bhI bahirAtmA antarmukha hokara paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko prApta kara letI hai| upaniSadoM meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI nidrA, svapna, jAgrati aura turIya avasthA kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai| eka anya apekSA se upaniSadoM meM paMcakozoM kI carcA bhI milatI hai| ye carcAe~ AdhyAtmika vikAsa yAtrA kI sUcaka haiN| isa prakAra aupaniSadika kAla se kahIM na kahIM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA ke bIja rahe hue haiN| bauddhadarzana meM bhI do prakAra ke vyaktiyoM ke ullekha milate haiN| eka jo saMsArAbhimukha haiM aura dUsare ve jo nirvANAbhimukha haiN| saMsArAbhimukha vyakti bahirAtmA hai aura nirvANAbhimukha vyakti antraatmaa| jaina paramparA meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kI carcA Agamayuga ke pazcAt lagabhaga pA~cavI zatAbdI se prApta hotI hai| AgamakAla meM bhagavatIsUtra meM ATha prakAra kI AtmAoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| usameM kaSAyAtmA bahirAtmA hai| jJAnAtmA, darzanAtmA Page #466 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ upasaMhAra 411 aura upayogAtmA antarAtmA ke svarUpa kI sUcaka haiN| ____ jainadarzana meM yadyapi trividha AtmAoM kA ullekha AcArya kundakunda ke kAla se hI milatA hai, phira bhI prAcIna AgamoM meM cAhe antarAtmA, bahirAtmA aura paramAtmA jaise zabdoM kA prayoga na huA ho, kintu ina tInoM prakAra ke vyaktitvoM ke svarUpa-lakSaNa kA vivecana vistAra se milatA hai| prastuta zodha prabandha ke dvitIya adhyAya meM hamane jainadarzana meM trividha AtmA kI vikAsa yAtrA kisa rUpa meM huI hai, isakA vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai| isameM hamane yaha dekhA ki AcArya kundakunda se prArambha karake svAmI kArtikeya, pUjyapAda devanandI, yogIndudeva, zubhacandra Adi digambara AcArya apane granthoM meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kA ullekha karate rahe haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM, inake pazcAt AzAdhara, banArasIdAsa, dyAnatarAya, ToDaramala, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa Adi uttara-madhyakAlIna lekhakoM ne bhI trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kI vistAra se carcA kI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA ko lekara digambara paramparA meM nirantara carcA hotI rahI hai| isa sabakA ullekha bhI hamane prastuta zodha prabandha ke dvitIya adhyAya meM vistAra se kiyA hai| yahA~ eka bAta vizeSa rUpa se jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM trividha AtmA kA yaha ullekha sarvaprathama bArahavIM zatAbdI meM AcArya hemacandra ke yogazAstra meM milatA hai| isake pUrva kisI bhI zvetAmbara AcArya ne trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kI koI carcA nahIM kii| AcArya hemacandra ke bhI lagabhaga pA~ca sau varSa pazcAt yazovijaya, Anandaghana aura devacandra jaise zvetAmbara santa hue haiM, jo trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kI vistRta carcA karate haiN| isa AdhAra para aisA lagatA hai ki trividha AtmA kI yaha avadhAraNA digambara paramparA ke prabhAva se hI zvetAmbara paramparA meM vikasita huI hai| isa prakAra isa anusandhAna meM hamane yaha pAyA hai ki digambara paramparA kI apekSA zvetAmbara paramparA ne trividha AtmA kI carcA meM kama rUci pradarzita kI hai| prastuta zodha prabandha kA dvitIya adhyAya trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA ke aupaniSadika evaM bauddha paramparA se tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke sAtha-sAtha zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM trividha Page #467 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 412 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA AtmA kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa kaise huA, ise sUcita karatA hai| trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA meM bahirAtmA kA svarUpa kyA hai? ve kaunase lakSaNa haiM jinake AdhAra para kisI AtmA ko bahirAtmA kahA jAtA hai ? isakI carcA tRtIya adhyAya meM karane ke sAtha-sAtha hI bahirAtmA kI vibhinna avasthAe~ kauna-kaunasI haiM aura bahirAtmA ke kitane prakAra mAne jA sakate haiM, isakA bhI vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ati saMkSepa meM kaheM to jo AtmA saMsArAbhimukha hai, viSaya-vAsanAoM kI pUrti ko hI apane jIvana kA lakSya mAnatA hai; jisakI dRSTi bhogavAdI aura svArthaparaka hai - use hI bahirAtmA kahA jAtA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne mithyAdRSTi AtmA ko bahirAtmA kahA hai aura mithyAdaSTi use batAyA hai jisameM Atma-anAtma ke viveka kA vikAsa nahIM huA hai| jo deva, gurU aura dharma ke svarUpa se anabhijJa hai aura jisane bheda vijJAna ke mAdhyama se Atma-anAtma ke bheda ko samyak prakAra se nahIM samajhA hai; vahI AtmA apane uparokta lakSaNoM ke kAraNa bahirAtmA kahI jAtA hai| prastuta zodha prabandha ke tRtIya adhyAya meM hamane isa prazna kI samIkSA bhI kI hai ki kyA avirata samyagdRSTi bahirAtmA hai ? yadyapi sAmAnyataH avirata samyagdRSTi ko bahirAtmA yA jaghanya antarAtmA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, kintu hamArI dRSTi meM avirata samyagdRSTi ko apane dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para antarAtmA bhale hI kahA jAya, kintu apane AcAra pakSa kI dRSTi se to vaha bahirAtmA hI hai| yadyapi usameM samyak samajha kA vikAsa ho cukA hai, phira bhI jaba taka samyak samajha jIvana ke vyavahAra meM nahIM utArI jAtI, taba taka vaha antarAtmA ke rUpa meM adhyAtmapatha kA rAhI nahIM bntaa| vastutaH kisI AtmA ke bahirAtmA hone kA mukhya AdhAra usakI manovRtti yA lezyA tathA unake pIche rahI huI kaSAyoM kI sattA hI hai| ataH isa adhyAya meM lezyAoM aura kaSAyoM kI vistRta carcA ke bAda yaha dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki bahirAtmA ke sAtha unakA sahasambandha kisa rUpa meM hai| prastuta zodha prabandha ke caturtha adhyAya meM antarAtmA ke svarUpa evaM lakSaNoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| usameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jo vyakti saMsAra se vimukha hokara AtmAbhimukha hotA hai, vahI Page #468 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ upasaMhAra 413 antarAtmA kahA jAtA hai| antarAtmA mokSa mArga kA pathika hai| antarAtmA hI apanI yAtrA ke mAdhyama se paramAtmapada ko prApta karatA hai| AtmA ko paramAtmA kI dizA meM agrasara karane vAlA AtmA hI antarAtmA hai| jainadharma kA sampUrNa sAdhanApatha antarAtmA ko paramAtmA taka pahu~cane kI vidhi ko hI sUcita karatA hai| isa caturtha adhyAya meM hamane vibhinna jainAcAryoM ne antarAtmA ke svarUpa evaM lakSaNoM kA kisa rUpa meM nirUpaNa kiyA hai, isakI vistRta carcA kI hai| hamArI dRSTi meM yahA~ usa sabako prastuta karanA eka piSTapreSaNa hI hogaa| isa samasta carcA meM jo bAta mukhya rUpa se ubhara kara AtI hai vaha yaha hai ki antarAtmA ke aneka stara haiN| gaNasthAna siddhAnta kI dRSTi se caturtha aviratasamyagdRSTi guNasthAna se lekara bArahaveM kSINamoha nAmaka guNasthAna taka kI sabhI avasthAe~ antarAtmA kI hI sUcaka haiN| isa prakAra antarAtmA ke aneka stara hote haiN| mukhya rUpa se aviratasamyagdRSTi, dezaviratasamyagdRSTi, sarvavirata muni aura cAritramoha ke upazama aura kSaya ke lie prayatnazIla zreNI ArohaNa karanevAlI sabhI AtmAoM ko antarAtmA kaha sakate haiN| kintu isa vyApaka vistAra meM kahIM na kahIM krama vibhAjana Avazyaka hotA hai| isalie hamane prastuta carcA meM sarvajaghanya antarAtmA se lekara utkRSTatama antarAtmA taka ke vibhinna sopAnoM kI carcA kI hai| isameM dezavirata zrAvaka ke 12 vratoM evaM unake aticAroM tathA gRhastha jIvana se muni jIvana kI ora Age bar3hanevAlI 11 upAsaka pratimAoM para tathA muni jIvana kI AcAra vyavasthA para bhI vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| yadyapi yaha samasta carcA vivaraNAtmaka hI hai kintu isakI mUlyAtmakatA se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| antarAtmA ke antargat dezavirata zrAvaka kI jo aNuvrata, guNavrata aura zikSAvrata kI maryAdAe~ haiM, ve Aja ke yuga meM bhI utanI hI prAsaMgika haiN| isa bhogavAdI saMskRti meM trANa pAne ke lie Aja bhI parigraha-parimANavrata, upabhogaparibhoga-parimANavrata, anarthadaNDa-viramaNavrata Adi kI mahattA ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa adhyAya meM hamane yaha bhI dekhane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki aviratasamyagdRSTi se dezavirata, dezavirata se sarvavirata aura sarvavirata se AdhyAtmika pragati ke dvArA kSINamoha taka kI uccatama avasthA ko vyakti kisa prakAra Page #469 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 414 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA prApta karatA hai aura kaise AtmA paramAtmasvarUpa ko prApta kara letI prastuta zodha prabandha kA pa~cama adhyAya mukhya rUpa se paramAtmA ke svarUpa kI carcA karatA hai| sAmAnyataH jainadarzana ko nAstika aura Izvara ko nahIM mAnanevAlA darzana kahA jAtA hai| kintu isa rUpa meM usakA mulyAMkana samyak nahIM hai| cAhe vaha Izvara yA paramAtmA ko sRSTi kA kartA, sRSTi kA niyAmaka, sRSTi kA saMrakSaka tathA sRSTi kA saMhartA nahIM mAnatA ho; kintu isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki vaha paramAtmA kI avadhAraNA ko asvIkAra karatA hai| na kevala jainadarzana apitu jinheM Astika darzana kahA jAtA hai, unameM bhI sAMkhya, mImAMsaka aura kisI sImA taka advaita vedAnta aise darzana haiM, jo paramAtmA ko sRSTikartA nahIM maante| ataH jainadarzana paramAtmA ko cAhe sRSTikartA na mAnatA ho, kintu isa AdhAra para use anizvaravAdI yA nAstika nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| jainadarzana meM paramAtmA ke arihanta aura siddha aise do svarUpa svIkAra kiye gae haiM aura unake svarUpa kA vistRta vivecana jaina granthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| hamane prastuta adhyAya meM vibhinna jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM arihanta aura siddhoM kA kyA svarUpa hai, isakI vistRta vivecanA kI hai| saMkSepa meM cAra ghAtIkoM ko naSTa karake anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIrya ko upalabdha sazarIra saMsAra meM rahanevAle paramAtmA ko arihanta paramAtmA ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| jaba arihanta paramAtmA isa deha kA tyAga karake aura aSTakoM ko kSaya karake siddhAlaya ko prApta ho jAte haiM, to ve siddha paramAtmA kahe jAte haiN| prastuta adhyAya meM hamane arihanta aura siddha ke svarUpa kI carcA karate hue yaha bhI batAyA hai ki arihanta paramAtmA ko jaina dharma meM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| tIrthakara kA svarUpa kyA hai aura unake atizaya arthAt viziSTatAe~ kyA hotI haiM, isa carcA ke prasaMga meM hamane tIrthakarapada ko prApta karane vAlI Sor3aza vidha athavA bIsa vidha sAdhanAvidhi ko bhI prastuta kiyA hai| sAtha hI tIrthaMkaroM ke aSTapratihAyoM, 4 mukhya atizayoM, 34 sAmAnya atizayoM aura 35 vacanAtizayoM Adi kI bhI carcA kI hai| isI prasaMga meM hamane Page #470 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ upasaMhAra 415 tIrthakara aura avatAra kI avadhAraNA tathA tIrthakara aura buddha kI avadhAraNA meM kyA samAnatAe~ aura vizeSatAe~ haiM, usakA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| usake pazcAt siddha paramAtmA ke svarUpa kI aura upacAra kI apekSA se siddhoM ke bheda kI bhI carcA kI hai| sAtha hI upacAra kI apekSA se jo siddhoM ke bheda kie jAte haiM, unameM zvetAmbara aura digambara mAnyatAoM meM kyA antara hai aura kyoM antara hai, ise bhI rekhAMkita kiyA hai|| vastutaH jainadarzana meM paramAtmA ke svarUpa kI carcA ke prasaMga meM yaha tathya sabase mahattvapUrNa hai ki jainadarzana yaha mAnatA hai ki pratyeka AtmA paramAtmapada ko prApta kara sakatI hai| AtmA meM paramAtmA banane kI zakti ko svIkAra karanevAlA jainadarzana vyakti ke vikAsa kI ananta sambhAvanAoM ko udghATita karatA hai| vaha vyakti ko sadaiva upAsaka yA bhakta banAkara nahIM rkhtaa| vaha bhakta ke paramAtmA aura upAsaka ke upAsya banane kI kSamatA ko svIkAra karatA hai| sAtha hI vaha IzvarIya karUNA yA kRpA ko asvIkAra karake yaha kahatA hai ki vyakti 'tU uTha! aura apane puruSArtha ke dvArA apane paramAtmasvarUpa ko prApta kara!' jainadarzana kA mukhya lakSya AtmA ko paramAtmA banAne kA hI hai| vaha kahatA hai ki sabhI AtmAe~ bIja rUpa meM paramAtmA haiM aura yadi ve purUSArtha kareM to svayaM paramAtmA bana sakatI haiN| isI prasaMga meM jainadarzana aura vizeSa rUpa se zvetAmbara paramparA yaha bhI udghoSa karatI hai ki paramAtmA banane ke liye jAti, liMga Adi bAdhaka nahIM haiN| paramAtmapada ko prApta karane meM strI aura purUSa, jaina paramparA kA pAlana karanevAle evaM anya paramparA kA pAlana karane vAle, sabhI sakSama haiN| zarta yaha hai ki ve rAga-dveSa se Upara uttheN| siddhatva kI prApti ke lie strI-purUSa yA jaina-ajaina kI bheda rekhA zvetAmbara paramparA svIkAra nahIM karatI hai| prastuta zodha prabandha ke chaThe adhyAya meM hamane trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI jainadarzana aura anya avadhAraNAoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki SaDlezyAoM kI avadhAraNA karma vizuddhi kI dasa avasthAoM kI avadhAraNA aura caudaha guNasthAnoM kI avadhAraNA kA pArasparika kyA saha-sambandha rahA huA hai| vastutaH tInoM siddhAMta Page #471 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 416 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA ke sampUraka haiN| antima saptama adhyAya meM Adhunika manovijJAna ke antarmukhI aura bahirmukhI vyaktitvoM kI tulanA antarAtmA aura bahirAtmA se kI gaI hai aura usameM yaha dekhane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai ki donoM avadhAraNAoM meM kisa sImA taka samarUpatAe~ aura vibhinnatAe~ rahI huI haiN| isI krama meM Age Adhunika manovizleSaNavAdI manovijJAna ke vAsanAtmaka aham (id), vivekAtmaka aham (Ego) aura AdarzAtmaka aham (Super Ego) kI avadhAraNA aura jainadarzana kI trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA kI tulanA karate hue hama yaha pAte haiM ki yadyapi donoM avadhAraNAoM ke AdhAra bhinna haiM, kintu unameM mahattvapUrNa samarUpatA bhI hai| bahirAtmA vAsanAtmaka aham kI pratinidhi hai to antarAtmA vivekAtmaka aham kI pratinidhi hai aura AdarzAtmA AtmA meM nihita paramAtmA svayaM kA hI pratibimba hai| isa prakAra prastuta zodha prabandha meM hamane trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA ke vividha pakSoM ko vizleSita aura vivecita karate hue unake samyak mUlyAMkaNa kA prayatna kiyA hai| hama apane isa prayatna meM kahA~ taka saphala aura asaphala hue haiM, yaha nirNaya to vidvat samAja ko karanA hai| hama apanI sImita kSamatAoM aura yogyatAoM ke AdhAra para jo kucha kara sake haiM, vaha vidvAnoM ke mUlyAMkaNa ke lie prastuta hai| ke samyak maphala aura asI sImita kSamatA / / smaapt|| Page #472 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sahAyaka grantha sUcI | | grantha, lekhaka/sampAdaka/prakAzana tithI / prakAzaka/prApti sthAna aMgasuttANi (khaNDa 1-3), jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, -yuvAcArya mahAprajJa (vi.saM. 2046) lADanUM (rAja.) atIta kA anAvaraNa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha -AcArya tulasI, muni nathamala adhyAtmakamalamArtaNDa, vIra sevA mandira, sarasAnA, sahAranapura - paM. rAjamalajI (1944) adhyAtmadarzana, vizvavAtsalya prakAzana samiti, - zrI AnandaghanajI (1776) lohAmaNDI, AgarA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmikAe~ evaM pUrNatA - vijayajayantasenasUri abhidhAnarAjendrakoza - -zrImad vijayarAjendrasUrIjI, vijayarAjendra sUrizvarajI (1671) ratalAma amarakoSa, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI aSTapAhuDa anantakIrti mANikacandra granthamAlA, - kundakundAcArya (1616) bambaI aSTasahastrI - vidyAnanda svAmI, gAMdhI nAthAraMgajI jaina granthamAlA, sampAdakaH baMzIdhara (1615) bambaI Agamayuga kA jainadarzana, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura -paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA | AcArAMgasUtra Agamodaya samiti, sUrata AcArAMgasUtra bhAga 2, Agama prakAzana samiti, ludhiyAnA -AcArya AtmArAmajI jaina AtmatattvavicAra -zrImad bI.bI. mehatA, vijayajayalakSmaNa TasUrIzvarajI, sampAdakaH zrI kIrtIvijaya gaNivara AtmamImAMsA - mudrakaH rAmakRSNadAsa, banArasa hindU paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA (1653) | vizvavidyAlaya presa, banArasa AtmamImAMsA (hindI vivecana sahita), | zrI zAntivIra di. jaina saMsthAna -paM. mUlacandrajI zAstrI (1670) AtmamImAMsA tattvadIpikA zrI gaNeza varNI di. jaina saMsthAna, (prathama saMskaraNa) nariyA, vArANasI (vIra.saM. 2501) -pro. udayacandra jaina Atmasiddhi zAstra, -zrImad rAjacandra (1652) Page #473 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 418 grantha, lekhaka/sampAdaka/prakAzana tithI AcArya guNabhazradra atmAnuzAsana (vi.saM. 2018) Anandaghana kA rahasyavAda - sAdhvI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, AI. sudarzanA zrI (1984) zIlAMkAcArya TIkA AcArAMgasUtra (1636) solApura AtmAnuzAsanama AcArya guNabhadra (vi. prakAzakaH jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, saM. 2018) Apta parIkSA sampAdakaH paM. darabArIlAla jaina ( 1662) AptamImAMsA samantabhadrAcArya; - sampA. paM. jugalakizorajI mukhtAra (1667) samaNI maMgalaprajJA ArhatI - ddaSTi ( 1668) Avazyakaniryukti bhadrabAhu (vIra saM. - -- -- - - -- 2454) iSTopadeza (saMskRta-hindI TIkA sahita samAdhizataka ke pIche, prathama saMskaraNa) - pUjyapAdAcArya (vi.saM. 2021) IzAvAsyopaniSad uttarAdhyayanasUtra cUjJi jinadAsagaNi (1933) uttarAdhyayanasUtra dArzanika anuzIlana evaM vartamAna paripekSya meM usakA mahatva - DaoN. vinItaprajJAzrIjI (2001) udAna karmagrantha - devendrasUri ( 1634 - 40 ) kalpasUtra _bhadrabAhu kaSAya sadhvI hemaprajJAzrIjI - kaSAyapAhuDa (sUtra aura cUrNi sahita ), yativRSabha jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA prakAzaka / prApti sthAna kaSAyapAhuDa (jayadhavalA TIkA sahita), - guNadhara kArtikeyAnuprekSA (saMskRta-hindI TIkA sahita) prathamAvRtti svAmI kArtikeya; sampA. AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye ( vIra. saM. 2086 ) - TI.AI. roDa, vArANasI zrIyut dhanapatasiMha bahAdura kA Agama saMgraha bhaNDAra, zAjApura zrI jaina digambara mandira, vATikA, lonI roDa, dillI vIra sevA mandira TasTa Adarza sAhitya saMgha, curU (rAja) Agamodaya samiti vIra sevA mandira, dillI gItA presa, gorakhapura ratalAma zrI candraprabhu mahArAja junA mandira TrasTa, sAhukArapeTa, cennaI gItA presa, gorakhapura jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara vicakSaNa prakAzana, indaura vIra zAsana saMgha, kalakattA jaina saMgha, mathurA paramazruta prabhAvaka rAyacandra jaina rAyacandra Azrama, agAsa gulAba maNDala, zAstramAlA, zrImad zrImad Page #474 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sahAyaka grantha sUcI grantha, lekhaka/sampAdaka/prakAzana tithI kenopaniSad kauSItakI upaniSad jJAnArNava (hindI anuvAda sahita ), - zubhacandrAcArya (vIra saM. 2433) guNasthAna siddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa, - pro. sAgaramala jaina (1966) guNasthAna kramAroha - ratnakezarasUri (1616) gommaTasAra karmakANDa (hindI anuvAda sahita) dvitIyAvRtti (vIra. saM. 2454) cArvAka darzana prathama saMskaraNa, - samIkSAH DaoN. sarvAnanda pAThaka jambUdvIpa patti ( hindI anuvAda sahita) prathama saMskaraNa - padmanandi jaina AcAra mohanalAla mehatA - - jaina tattva mImAMsA, paM. phUlacandra siddhAnta zAstrI jaina darzana prathama saMskaraNa, - DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina, sampA. aura niyAmakaH paM. phUlacandra zAstrI tathA darabArIlAla koThiyA jaina darzana DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA jaina darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna, - muni zrI nagarAjajI; - sampA. sohanalAla jainadarzana: manana aura mImAMsA, - AcArya mahAprajJa jainadarzana (parivardhita saMskaraNa) muni nathamala - sampAdakaH muni dulaharA jainadarzana: svarUpa aura vizleSana, . - AcArya devendramuni zAstrI jainadarzana meM AtmavicAra, - DaoN. lAlacanda jaina manana aura mImAMsA prakAzaka / prApti sthAna gItA presa, gorakhapura gItA presa, gorakhapura zrI paramazruta prakAzaka maNDala, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, javerI bAjAra, bambaI pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI na.bhA.dhe. bhA., javerI bAjAra, bambaI zA. revAzaMkara jagajIvana jauharI, AnarerI vyavasthApaka, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIja Aphisa, vArANasI jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA, zolApura 416 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, AI. TI.AI. roDa, vArANasI azoka prakAzana mandira, bhadainI ghATa, vArANasI mantrI zrI gaNezaprasAda varmA, jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA zyAmalAla murArI, saMcAlaka AtmArAma eNDa sansa, kAzmIrI geTa, dillI 6 jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM kamaleza caturvedI, prabandhaka Adarza sAhitya saMgha, curu ( rAjasthAna ) tArakagurU jaina granthAlaya, udayapura pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, AI. TI.AI. roDa, vArANasI Page #475 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 420 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA - grantha, lekhaka/sampAdaka/prakAzana tithI prakAzaka/prApti sthAna jaina dharma - caturtha saMskaraNa, maMtrI sAhitya vibhAga, -siddhAntAcArya zrI kailAzacandra zAstrI mA.vi. jaina saMgha, mathurA jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra | pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, AI. darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, -DaoN. | TI.AI. roDa, sAgaramala jaina vArANasI tattvAnuzAsana (hindI anuvAda sahita), vIra sevA mandira, dillI | -nAgasenasUri tattvArthavArtika bhAga 1-2 (hindI sAra bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sahita) prathamAvRtti - bhaTTa akalaMkadeva, kAzI -sampAdakaH pro. mahendrakumAra jaina (vIra saM. 2466) tattvArthasAra - amRtacandrasUri; sA.vi.pra.sa., -sampA. baMzIdhara zAstrI (vIra saM. kalakatA 2445) tattvArthasUtra (prathama AvRtti) - | bhAratIya digambara jaina saMgha, umAsvAmI -sampA. paM. kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI (vIra saM. 2477) tattvArthasUtra vivecana pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, AI. --paM. sukhalAla siMghavI TI.AI. roDa, vArANasI tatvArthavRtti (hindI sAra sahita), bhAratIya jJAnapITha, -zrutasasAgara; sampA. mahendrakumAra jaina kAzI tattvArthazlokavArtikam - vidyAnandi; gAMdhInAthAraMga-jaina granthazAlA, sampA. paM. manoharalAla (vIra saM. 2444) | nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI tattvArthAdhigamasUtra sabhASya paramazruta prabhAvaka jaina maNDala, (hindI anuvAda sahita) (1632) bambaI 2 / tarkabhASA - kezava mizra sa.sI., cauka, vArANasI tarkasaMgraha (saptama saMskaraNa), haridAsa saMskRta granthamAlA, saMskRta -annama bhA (vi.saM. 2026) sIrIja Aphisa, vArANasI tiloyapaNNatti (hindI anuvAda sahita jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA (prathama saMskaraNa) - yati vRSabha (vi.saM. 1666) taittirIya upaniSad gItA presa, gorakhapura dravyasaMgraha - nemicandrAcArya (vIra saM. zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala 2433) dhammapada - anuvAdakaH rAhula mahAbodhi sabhA, sAMskRtyAyana (1633) sAranAtha Page #476 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sahAyaka grantha sUcI 421 grantha, lekhaka/sampAdaka/prakAzana tithI / prakAzaka/prApti sthAna dhavalA (hindI anuvAda sahita - prathama amarAvatI saMskaraNa) - vIrasena (1636-56) nyAyakumudacandra bhAga 1-2 maMtrI, zrI nAthUrAma premI, (prathamaAvRtti) - prabhAcandrAcArya; sampA. di. jaina granthamAlA, hIrAbAga, giragAMva, paM. mahendrakumAra nyAyazAstrI (vIra saM. bambaI 4 2464) nyAyadarzana (vAtsyAyana bhASya sahita caukhambhA saM. sIrIja, dvitIya saMskaraNa) - sampA. zrI nArAyaNa vArANasI mizra (1670) nyAyadIpikA (prathamAvRtti) - abhinava | jaina sevA mandira, dharmabhUSaNa; sampA. aura anuvAdakaH | sarasAvA nyAyAcArya paMNDita darabArIlAla jaina (jilA sahAranapura) koThiyA (maI 1645) navapada jJAnasAra - puSphabhikkhu (1637) agaracanda nAhara, kalakattA nAyadhammakahAo - sampAdakaH sAhitya pracAraka samiti, bambaI candrasAgarasUri (1651) niyamasAra - kundakundAcArya (1616) jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, hIrAbAga, bambaI nandIsutaM - sampAdakaH muni zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya zrIpuNyavijayajI Adi (1968) pataMjali yogadarzana bhASya (dvitIya zrI lakSmI nivAsa cAMDaka, saMskaraNa) -maharSi vyAsadeva (1961) ajamera pAnandi paMcaviMzatikA (prathama saMskaraNa) jIvarAja granthamAlA -payanandi (1932) padmapurANa (prathama saMskaraNa) - raviSeNa bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI (vi.saM. 2016) paMcAdhyAyI (pUrvArdha-uttarArddha) -paMNDita varNI granthamAlA, rAjamalla; vArANasI sampA.: paM. phUlacandra siddhAnta zAstrI paMcAstikAya (tattvadIpikA-bAlAvabodha rAvajIbhAI chaganabhAI desAI, AnarerI bhASA sahita - tRtIyAvRtti) vyavasthApaka, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka kundakundAcArya (vi.saM. 2015) maNDala, zrImad rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA payanandipaMcaviMzatikA (prathama saMskaraNa) jIvarAja granthamAlA -padmanandi (1632) padmapurANa (prathama saMskaraNa) - raviSeNa bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI | (vi.saM. 2016) Page #477 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 422 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA | grantha, lekhaka/sampAdaka/prakAzana tithI prakAzaka/prApti sthAna paramAtmaprakAza (saMskRta vRtti evaM paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, rAyacandra jaina hindI bhASA TIkA sahita), dvitIya / zAstramAlA, jauharI bAjAra, saMskaraNa -yogindadeva; bambaI 2 -sampA.: AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye (vi. saM. 2017) puruSArthasiddhyupAya (hindI anuvAda bhA.jai.si.pra.saM., sahita) - amRtacandra sUri (vIra saM. kalakattA 2452) prajJApanAsUtra-paNNavaNAsuttaM - sampAdakaH / zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, muni zrIpuNyavijayajI Adi (1666) bambaI prameyakamalamArtaNDa (dvitIya saMskaraNa), | nirNaya sAgara presa -prabhAcandrAcArya; - sampAdakaH paNDita mahendrakumAra zAstrI (1641) pravacana ratnAkara, -DaoN. hukamacanda | paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, jayapura bhArilla pravacanasAra (tRtIya AvRtti) paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad -kundakundAcArya; sampAdakaH A.ne. rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, agAsa upAdhye (1664) prazamaratiprakaraNa (hindI TIkA sahita rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, paramazruta prabhAva prathama saMskaraNa) umAsvAti (1950) maNDala, bambaI baraha bhAvanA : eka anuzIlana, -DaoN. paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, jayapura hukamacanda bhArilla bauddhadarzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, baMgAla hindI maNDala, raoNyala eksaceMja bhAga 1-2 - bharatasiMha upAdhyAya (vi. plesa, saM. 2011) kalakattA bauddhadarzana meM Atma parIkSA, (zodha bihAra vizvavidyAlaya, prabandha) - DaoN. maheza tivArI mujapharapura (aprakAzita) bauddha dharma darzana (prathama saMskaraNa) bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSada, sammelana -AcArya narendradeva bhavana, paTanA brahmasUtra (zrI zAMkarabhASya) prathama caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI saMskaraNa (1964) bRhadkalpaniyukti - puNyavijayajI bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSada, paTanA bRhadkalpabhASya - puNyavijayajI (1933) | AtmAnanda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad (saM.2014) | gItA presa bhagavatIArAdhanA - zivakoTyAcArya sakhArAma nemicanda, digambara jaina | (1634) granthamAlA, zolApura Page #478 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sahAyaka grantha sUcI 423 | grantha, lekhaka/sampAdaka/prakAzana tithI prakAzaka/prApti sthAna bhagavadgItA - rAdhAkRSNana -anu. virAja, ema. e. bhAvapAhuDa - AcArya kunkunda rAjapAla eNDa saNsa, dehalI (dekhiye aSTapAhuDa) (1962) 'bhAvanAzataka - zatAvadhAnI vRndAvanadAsa dayAla, korTa, muni ratnacandrajI (vIra saM. 2447) bAjAra geTa, bambaI bheda meM chipA abheda - yuvAcArya mahAprajJa jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM | manusmRti (saM. 2034) | pustaka mandira, mathurA mUlAcAra - baTTakerAcArya jaina mandira, zakkara bAjAra, indaura kI patrAcAra prati mokkhapAhuDa - kundakundAcArya (dekhiye aSTapAhuDa) | yogasUtra - dekhiye pAtaMjala yoga pradIpa gItA presa yogazAstra - hemacandra -sampA. muni sammati jJAnapITha, AgarA samadarzI yogazAstra (svopajJavRtti sahita) -hemacandra zrI jaina dharma pracAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara yogavAsiSTha - nirNayasAgara presa, bapbaI ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra - samantabhadra mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI / samayasAra (aMgejI anuvAda aura bhAratIya jJAnapITha, prasatAvanA sahita) prAthimaka AvRtti - kAzI pro. e. cakravartI (1910) samayasAra (aMgrejI anuvAda aura rAvajIbhAI chaganabhAI desAI, paramazruta prastAvanA sahita) - prathama AvRtti prabhAvaka maNDala (zrImad rAjacandra jaina -kundakundAcArya; sampA. paM. pannAlAla zAstramAlA), jaina (1950). boriyA (gujarAta) samayasAra : eka anuzIlana -DaoN. paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, jayapura hukamacanda bhArilla samayasAra nATaka - kavivara paNDita digambara jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, banArasIdAsa sonagar3ha samAdhizataka (prathama saMskaraNa) vIra sevA mandira, -pUjyapAdAcArya (vi.saM. 2021) dillI sAMkhyatattvakaumudI (caturtha saMskaraNa) prema prakAzana, -vAcaspati mizra (1666) ahamadAbAda sAMkhyasUtram - kapilamuni; sampAdakaH bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, vArANasI zrIrAmazaMkara bhaTTAcArya (vi.saM. 2022) siddhAnta lakSaNa tatvAloka - dharmadatta vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, kAzI / (baccA ) sUri (1625) Page #479 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 424 jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA | grantha, lekhaka/sampAdaka/prakAzana tithI | prakAzaka/prApti sthAna siddhAntasAra saMgraha (prathama saMskaraNa)| jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA (1657) siddhivinizcaya TIkA (prathama saMskaraNa bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI 1651) sUtrakRtAMgasUtra (zIlAMkakRta TIkA evaM javAhiralAla mahArAja, rAjakoTa hindI anuvAda sahita) prathama saMskaraNa (vi.saM. 1663) sUyagaDo - sampA. pI.ela. caidya zreSThI motIlAla, manA (1628) vyAkhyAprajJapti - sampA. vecaradAsa dozI | zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI (1674) vasunandizrAvakAcAra - sampA. hIrAlAla | bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI jaina (1952) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya - zrI jinabhadragaNi | hemacandra, harSacandra, bhUrAbhAI, kSamAzramaNa TIkA (saM. 2441) banArasa zAstravAtosamuccaya - haribhadrasUri, bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira, lAlabhAI, dalapatabhAi (1968) ahamadAbAda 6 sthAnAMgasUtra - TIkA abhayadevasUrI | Agamodaya samiti sAgarAdharmAmRta - paM. AzAdhara (1617) | mANikacandra digambara jaina grantha mAlA sammatitarkaprakaraNa - AcArya siddhasena gujarAta purAtatva mandira, divAkara ahamadAbAda (saM. 1680) samavAyAMga - muni kanhaiyAlAla kamala / | Agama anuyoga prakAzana (1666) samavAyAMgasUtra - zrI madhukaramuni | zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, zrI (1961) braja-madhukara smRti bhavana, pIpaliyA bAjAra, biyAvara sUtrakRtAMgasUtra - zrI madhukaramuni | zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, zrI (1962) braja-madhukara smRti bhavana, pIpaliyA bAjAra, biyAvara sUtrakRtAMga TIkA - zIlaMkAcArya (vIra saM. Agamodaya samiti 2442) Page #480 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Page #481 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ArAdhanA bhavana zrI pArzvamaNi jaina tIrtha peddatumbalama, Adoni. * * Page #482 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 11 1111111111111111111 11 Page #483 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pa.pU. guruvaryA sulakSaNAzrIjI ma.sA. he ugratapasvI! jJAna manasvinI! sahajatA kI ho tuma pratimUrti.. he vardhamAna tapArAdhikA! adhyAtma sAdhikA! jinazAsana kI tuma ho jyoti| dhyAna sAdhanA se ApazrIne gahana sAgara se pAye motii| manomastiSka kA parimArjana kara 'bhAvanA srota' kA nirmANa kiyaa| olI 108 pUrNakara, gaccha kharatara kA gaurava bddh'aayaa| he urjasvitA! niSkapaTatA! sevA bhAva meM tuma niratara agrsr| he samatAmUrti! aTThama tapArAdhikA! antara meM hai vairAgya kA spNdn| he paramavaMdanIyA! mahAtapasvI! tuma se dhanya-dhanya hai saMyama upvn| he Atma sAdhikA ! bhakti rasikA! tuma hRdaya bagiyA jyUM cNdn| guruvaryA zrI ke pAvana padmoM meM hai koTi-koTi merA vNdn| For Private &Personalitputy Maiwwgainelibrarysorg Page #484 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sAdhvI DaoN. priyalatAzrI janma nAma : ku. candrA baida pitAzrI kA nAma : sva. zrImAna jJAnacaMdajI baida mAtAzrI kA nAma : zrImatI mAnIbAI janmatithi, dinAMka : poSa sudi bArasa, 24 disambara 1966 janma sthAna ra phalodI (rAja.) dIkSA tithi va dinAMka : phAlguna sudi cautha, 7 mArca 1984 dIkSA sthala : phalodI (rAja.) choTI-bar3I dIkSAdAtA : sva. pa.pU. AcArya zrImajjina kAntisAgarajI ma.sA. guruvaryA zrI pArzvamaNi tIrtha prerikA pa.pU. guruvaryA zrI sulocanAzrIjI ma.sA. ugratapasvinI pa.pU. sulakSaNAzrIjI ma.sA. vicaraNa kSetra : rAjasthAna, gujarAta, mahArASTra, AMdhrapradeza, madhyapradeza, karnATaka, keralA, tamilanADu, chattIsagar3ha, ur3isA . tapazcaryA : mAsakSamaNa, vIsasthAnaka tapa, jJAnapaMcamI, maunaegyArasa adhyayana : tarka nyAya, saMskRta, vyAkaraNa, hindI tattvajJAna, AgamAdi ema.e. jaina vidyA aura tulanAtmaka dharma-darzana pIeca.DI.- jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA vizeSatA: kisI viSaya para tvarita nirNaya lene kI kSamatA, ojasvI pravacana, kavitA, muktakAdi kI naI racanAzailI, adhyayana/lekhana rUci, prasannacitta, madhura muskAna, AtmaciMtana, tattvarasikA, saralatA, sahajatA, madhura vyavahAra, kSamA, karUNA, maitrI vyavahAra kuzala, adhyAtma vicAroM se yukta, svAdhyAya, jJAna, dhyAnAdi kA tattvabodha kI preraNA ke dvArA jinazAsana sevA meM rt| prakAzita pustakeM : - sulocana...sulakSaNa...sumana - navapada kI mahimA zrIpAla mayaNA kI garimA - adhyAtma amRta jharanA - arhat caitya...arhat bimba...(presa meM) - jaina darzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA - sacitra ratnAkara paccIsI (presa meM) ajaEducatherinternational BONS PesonaHustodonty